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Arun Jaitley

2019-09-20T16:57:28Z

122.163.118.148: Added Content

{{short description|Indian cricketers attorney}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arun Jaitley
| image = Arun Jaitley, Minister.jpg
| caption = Kohli is the best
| alt = Arun Jaitley
| office = [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start = 26 May 2014
| term_end = 30 May 2019
| predecessor = [[P. Chidambaram]]
| successor = [[Nirmala Sitharaman]]
| office3 = [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs|Minister of Corporate Affairs]]
| primeminister3 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start3 = 26 May 2014
| term_end3 = 30 May 2019
| predecessor5 = [[Sachin Pilot]]
| successor5 = [[Nirmala Sitharaman]]
| office6 = [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] 
| primeminister6 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start6 = 13 March 2017
| term_end6 = 3 September 2017
| predecessor6 = [[Manohar Parrikar]]
| successor6 = [[Nirmala Sitharaman]]
| term_start7 = 26 May 2014
| term_end7 = 9 November 2014
| primeminister7 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| predecessor7 = [[A. K. Antony]]
| successor7 = [[Manohar Parrikar]]
| office8 = [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]]
| primeminister8 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start8 = 9 November 2014
| term_end8 = 5 July 2016
| successor8 = [[Venkaiah Naidu]]
| predecessor8 = [[Prakash Javadekar]]
| office9 = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start9 = 3 June 2009
| term_end9 = 26 May 2014
| predecessor9 = [[Jaswant Singh]]
| successor9 = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
| office10 = [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Minister of Law and Justice]]
| primeminister10 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| term_start10 = 29 July 2003
| term_end10 = 22 May 2004
| predecessor10 = [[Jana Krishnamurthi]]
| successor10 = [[H. R. Bhardwaj]]
| primeminister11 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| term_start11 = 7 November 2000
| term_end11 = 1 July 2002
| predecessor11 = [[Ram Jethmalani]]
| successor11 = [[Jana Krishnamurthi]]
| office12 = [[Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)|Leader of the House, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start12 = 26 May 2014
| term_end12 = 11 June 2019
| predecessor12 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| successor12 = [[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]
| office13 = [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting]]
| primeminister13 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| term_start13 = 13 October 1999
| term_end13 = 30 September 2000
| predecessor13 = [[Jaipal Reddy]]
| successor13 = [[Sushma Swaraj]]
| office14 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency14 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start14 = 3 April 2018
| term_end14 = 24 August 2019
| predecessor14 = [[Naresh Agrawal]]
| office15 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency15 = [[Gujarat]]
| term_start15 = 3 April 2000
| term_end15 = 2 April 2018
| predecessor15 =
| successor15 = [[Naranbhai Rathwa]]
| birth_name = Arun Maharaj Kishen Jaitley
| birth_date = {{birth date|1952|12|28|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|08|24|1952|12|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Sangeeta Jaitley|1982|2019|end=his death}}
| children = Sonali Jaitley Bakhshi Rohan Jaitley
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]
| residence = New Delhi, Delhi, India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Advocate]]|[[Politician]]}}
| website = {{url|https://www.arunjaitley.com/|Official website}}
}}
'''Arun Jaitley''' (28 December 1952 – 24 August 2019)<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49367972 |title = Former India finance minister Arun Jaitley dies|work = BBC News|date = 24 August 2019}}</ref> was an Indian politician and attorney. A member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], Jaitley served as the Minister of [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Finance]] and [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs|Corporate Affairs]] of the Government of India from 2014 to 2019.

Jaitley previously held the cabinet portfolios of [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance]], [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence]], [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs|Corporate Affairs]], [[Minister of Commerce and Industry (India)|Commerce and Industry]], and [[Minister of Law and Justice (India)|Law and Justice]] in the [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee]] government and [[First Modi ministry|Narendra Modi government]]. From 2009 to 2014, he served as the [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref name="pib.nic.in" /><ref name="jsa" /> He was a [[Senior Advocate]] of the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-who-is-arun-jaitley-the-rise-of-india-s-newest-finance-minister-2001109|title=Who is Arun Jaitley: The rise of India's newest finance minister|last=Khandelwal|first=Avani|date=10 July 2014 |newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://www.niticentral.com/2014/03/28/arun-jaitley-is-no-outsider-to-amritsar-204867.html Arun Jaitley is no 'outsider' to Amritsar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330213205/http://www.niticentral.com/2014/03/28/arun-jaitley-is-no-outsider-to-amritsar-204867.html |date=30 March 2014 }} – Niticentral</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/arun-jaitley-the-eyes-and-ears-of-modi/|title=Arun Jaitley, the eyes and ears of Modi|date=26 May 2014|newspaper=The Indian Express |accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref> He oversaw the introduction of the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax]] which brought the country under one GST regime, demonetization, merger of Railway budget with general budget and introduction of [[Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016|Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/arun-jaitley-an-unforgettable-stint-as-indias-finance-minister/article29241655.ece | title=Arun Jaitley: An unforgettable stint as India's Finance Minister | publisher=Hindu Businessline | date=24 August 2019 | accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arun-jaitley-death-former-finance-minister-gst-tax-reform-1591115-2019-08-24 | title=Arun Jaitley, the man who brought India under one-tax regime | publisher=India Today | date=24 August 2019 | accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/career-timeline-of-arun-jaitley-pm-modi-s-go-to-man-in-new-delhi-119082400288_1.html | title=Career timeline of Arun Jaitley, PM Modi's go-to man in New Delhi | publisher=Business Standard | date=24 August 2019 | accessdate=24 August 2019| newspaper=Business Standard India | last1=Team | first1=BS Web }}</ref> Jaitley decided not to join the Modi Cabinet in 2019, due to health issues.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/arun-jaitley-opts-out-of-modi-cabinet-cites-health-reasons/articleshow/69555782.cms | title=Arun Jaitley opts out of new government for health reasons | newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] | date=30 May 2019 | accessdate=30 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/arun-jaitley-opts-out-of-new-cabinet/articleshow/69555700.cms | title=Arun Jaitley writes letter to PM Modi, opts out of new Cabinet citing health reasons | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | date=29 May 2019 | accessdate=30 May 2019}}</ref>

==Early life==
Arun Jaitley was born on 28 December 1952 in Delhi. His father Maharaj Kishen Jaitley was a lawyer and mother Ratan Prabha Jaitley a housewife.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/arun-jaitley-1565424411-1 | title=Arun Jaitley: Biography and Political Journey | work=Jagran | date=16 August 2019 | accessdate=20 August 2019 | author=Goyal, Shikha}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Xavier's School, Delhi]] from 1957–69.<ref name="autogenerated8">{{cite web|url=http://www.arunjaitley.com/en/myjourney.php|title=My memorable School days at St. Xaviers|publisher=Arun Jaitley|accessdate=17 February 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212061309/http://www.arunjaitley.com/en/myjourney.php|archivedate=12 February 2013}}</ref> He graduated with the [[honours degree]] in [[commerce]], [[Bachelor of Commerce|BCom.]] from [[Shri Ram College of Commerce]], [[New Delhi]] in 1973. He passed his [[LLB]] degree from the [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi|Faculty of Law]], [[University of Delhi]], in 1977.<ref name="rs">{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx|title=Member Profile: Arun Jeitley|publisher=Rajya Sabha|accessdate=17 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="pib.myiris.com">{{cite web |title=Shri Arun Jaitley, Honb'le Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs, Shipping, Bharatiya Janata Party |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |year=1999 |url=http://pib.hyyyyhhbj.com/profile/article.php3?fl%3DD20166|accessdate=24 October 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724073025/http://pib.myiris.com/profile/article.php3?fl=D20166|archivedate=24 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Cabinet reshuffle: Modi government's got talent but is it being fully utilised?|date=10 July 2016|url=http://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cabinet-reshuffle-modi-governments-got-talent-but-is-it-being-fully-utilised/articleshow/53132757.cms|work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>

Jaitley was the [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (ABVP) [[student leader]] at the Delhi University Campus in the seventies and rose to be the President of the [[Students Union]] of [[Delhi University]] in 1974. During the period of proclamation of [[Internal Emergency]] (1975–77) when [[Fundamental rights in India|fundamental rights]] were suspended, he was under [[preventive detention]] for a period of 19 months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Cometh-The-Hour/290904 |title=Cometh The Hour... |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |accessdate=3 June 2014}}</ref> He was a prominent leader of a [[Total Revolution|movement]] against corruption launched in the year 1973 by [[Raj Narain]] and [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]. He was the convener of the National Committee for Students and Youth organization appointed by [[Jai Prakash Narayan]].<ref name=domain-case>{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Justice Manmohan|title=Mr. Arun Jaitley vs Network Solutions Private Limited|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/754672/|publisher=[[Delhi High Court]]|accessdate=6 May 2013}}</ref> He was also active in civil rights movement and helped found PUCL Bulletin along with Satish Jha and Smitu Kothari.<ref name="pib.myiris.com"/><ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990919/iex19021.html |title=Sorry |work=The Indian Express |accessdate=25 October 2012}}</ref> After being released from jail, he joined the [[Jan Sangh]].

In 1977, being the convener of the Loktantrik Yuva Morcha at a time when the Congress suffered defeat, Jaitley was appointed the president of the Delhi ABVP and All India Secretary of the ABVP. He was then made the president of the youth wing of the BJP and the secretary of the Delhi Unit in 1980, a short time after joining the party.<ref name=DNA-FM>{{cite news|last1=Khandelwal|first1=Avani|title=Who is Arun Jaitley: The rise of India's newest finance minister|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-who-is-arun-jaitley-the-rise-of-india-s-newest-finance-minister-2001109 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=10 July 2014 |accessdate=6 September 2014}}</ref>

==Legal career==
[[File:Finance Minister at GNLU.jpg|thumb|left|Jaitley with Former Supreme Court Judge [[K.S. Panicker Radhakrishnan]] at the [[Gujarat National Law University]].]]
Since 1987, Jaitley had been practising law in the [[Supreme Court of India]] and several High Courts in India.<ref name="pib.nic.in">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rjan2003/30012003/r300120032.html|title=Arun Jaitley — A Profile|last=|first=|date=30 January 2003|website=PIB Press Releases|publisher=Press Information Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106133246/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rjan2003/30012003/r300120032.html|archive-date=6 January 2016|url-status=dead|accessdate=25 October 2012}}</ref> In January 1990, he was designated as a [[Senior Advocate]] by the [[Delhi High Court]].<ref name=jsa>{{cite web|title=Hall of Fame – Top 50|url=http://www.jsalaw.com/Admin/uplodedfiles/PublicationFiles/Hall%20of%20Fame_Top%2050_2010.pdf|publisher=J. Sagar Associates|accessdate=5 May 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202101217/http://www.jsalaw.com/Admin/uplodedfiles/PublicationFiles/Hall%20of%20Fame_Top%2050_2010.pdf|archivedate=2 December 2012}}</ref><ref name=sr-adv>{{cite web|title=List of Senior Advocates designated by Delhi High Court upto August, 2014|url=http://delhihighcourt.nic.in/writereaddata/Upload/PublicNotices/PublicNotice_8LPFZYBU.PDF|publisher=Delhi High Court|accessdate=6 September 2014}}</ref> He was appointed [[Solicitor General of India|Additional Solicitor General]] by the [[V. P. Singh]] government in 1989 and did the paperwork for the investigations into the [[Bofors scandal]].<ref name="indianexpress.com"/><ref name=DNA-FM /> His clients cover the political spectrum from [[Sharad Yadav]] of the [[Janata Dal]] to [[Madhavrao Scindia]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] to [[L. K. Advani]] of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Several publications on legal and current affairs were written by him.<ref name="pib.nic.in" /> A paper on law about corruption and crime in India was presented by him, before the Indo-British Legal Forum.<ref name="pib.nic.in" /> He was appointed as the [[Government of India]]'s delegate to the United Nations General Assembly Session in June 1998 which approved the Declaration on Laws Relating to Drugs and Money Laundering.<ref name=jsa /><ref name="pib.nic.in" />

Jaitley had also appeared on behalf of giant multinational corporations such as [[PepsiCo]] against [[Coca-Cola]] and in various other cases in India.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web |title=Cola war now goes to court |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/audience.nsf/(docid)/48D29E31C440C0CB65256941002F179F }}{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite news|title=SC stays contempt proceedings against Coke, Pepsi |newspaper=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/sc-stays-contempt-proceedings-against-coke-pepsi/articleshow/1403551.cms}}</ref> After having been the Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs, Jaitley represented Pepsi in 2002 in a case where the Supreme Court of India admonished and imposed stiff fines on 8 companies for painting advertisements on ecologically fragile rocks along the Manali-Rohtang road in the [[Himalayas]]. "The companies were also issued show-cause notices as to why exemplary damages should not be imposed on them for indulging in environmental vandalism."<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite news|title=SC imposes Rs 1 cr cost on firms for defacing rocks |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-09-26/india/27319067_1_cr-cost-manali-rohtang-road-malhotra-book-depot | work=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2004, Jaitley appeared on behalf of [[Coca-Cola]] in a [[Rajasthan High Court]] case.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|title=Court blow to cola giants |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]1 |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041105/asp/nation/story_3968020.asp | location=Calcutta | date=5 November 2004}}</ref>

Given his political duties as Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha, Jaitley stopped practising law in June 2009.<ref name=no-lawyer>{{cite news|title=Arun Jaitley recuses himself from decisions on Vodafone tax case|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/arun-jaitley-recuses-himself-from-vodafone-tax-row/1/207379.html |work=Business Today |agency=PTI |date=19 June 2014 |accessdate=6 September 2014}}</ref>

==Political career==
Jaitley had been a member of the national executive of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] since 1991.<ref name=RS-bio>{{cite web|title=Rajya Sabha Members Homepage – Arun Jaitley|url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx|publisher=Rajya Sabha|accessdate=5 May 2013}}</ref> He became the spokesperson of the BJP during the period preceding the 1999 general election.

=== Vajpayee Government ===
On 13 October 1999, after the [[Vajpayee Government]] of the BJP led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] came to power, he was appointed Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting (Independent Charge).<ref name="pib.nic.in" /> In addition he was appointed Minister of State for Disinvestment (Independent Charge). The disinvestment ministry was created for the first time in accordance with the policy of disinvestment under the [[World Trade Organization]] regime.<ref name="pib.nic.in" /> On 23 July 2000 following the resignation of [[Ram Jethmalani]] as the Union Cabinet Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs, he took over his ministry as an additional charge.<ref name="pib.nic.in" />

In November 2000 and was made a Cabinet Minister for the Ministry of Law, Justice and Company Affairs and Shipping. The Ministry of Surface Transport was bifurcated and he was appointed as the first Minister of Shipping. He demitted the office of the Minister for Shipping with effect from 1 September 2001 and as Union Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs on 1 July 2002.<ref name="pib.nic.in" /> He then served as the General Secretary of the BJP and its national spokesman.<ref name="pib.nic.in"/> He worked in this capacity till January 2003. He rejoined the Union Cabinet as the Minister of Commerce & Industry and Law & Justice on 29 January 2003.<ref name=DNA-FM /> With the defeat of the National Democratic Alliance in May 2004, Jaitley returned to his legal career and worked in the Supreme Court.<ref name="barandbench">{{cite news |title=Arun Jaitley from the eyes of a legal practitioner [Column] |url=https://barandbench.com/arun-jaitley-from-the-eyes-of-a-legal-practitioner-a-tribute/ |accessdate=24 August 2019 |work=Bar & Bench |date=24 August 2019}}</ref>

=== 2004–2014 ===
He was chosen as the [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha]] on 3 June 2009 by [[L.K. Advani]]. On 16 June 2009, he resigned from the post of General Secretary of BJP as per his party's One Man One Post principle. He was also a member of the Central Election Committee of the party.<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Election Committee|url=http://bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=175&Itemid=487|publisher=BJP|accessdate=6 May 2013}}</ref> As the leader of opposition in Rajya Sabha, he participated in the debates on the [[Women's Reservation Bill]] in the Rajya Sabha and also supported Anna Hazare in his [[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement]] for the [[Jan Lokpal Bill]].<ref name=DNA-FM /> He successfully introduced the eighty-fourth amendment to the [[Constitution of India]] in 2002 freezing parliamentary seats until 2026<ref name=autogenerated4>[http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend84.htm Arun Jaitley introduced the 84th Amendment to freeze parliamentary seats until 2026]</ref> and the ninety-first amendment to the Constitution of India in 2004 penalising defections.<ref name=autogenerated6>[http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend91.pdf Arun Jaitley introduced the 91st Amendment to penalize defections(pdf)]</ref> However, being in the party since 1980 he never contested any direct election until 2014. He was the BJP candidate for the [[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar seat]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] (replacing [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]) for the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]], but lost to the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Amarinder Singh]]. He was nominated as a [[Rajya Sabha]] member from [[Gujarat]]. He was re-nominated to the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in March 2018.<ref>{{citation |title=RS polls: BJP trumps opposition, makes it nine out of ten seats in UP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rs-polls-bjp-trumps-opposition-makes-it-nine-out-of-ten-in-up/articleshow/63434789.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 March 2018 }}</ref>

On 26 August 2012, he said (outside Parliament) "There are occasions when an obstruction in Parliament brings greater benefits to the country." This statement was considered to have given legitimacy to obstruction of the parliament in the contemporary politics in India. After forming a government in 2014, the BJP government has faced disruption and obstruction in parliament multiple times, and the opposition have referred to this statement as a legitimate floor strategy.<ref>{{cite news |title=View from the Earlier Side: When Jaitley saw 'benefits to the country' in obstructing Parliament |author=Manoj C G |date=27 July 2015 |newspaper=Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/India/India-others/view-from-the-earlier-side-when-jaitley-saw-benefits-to-the-country-in-obstructing-parliament/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=24 December 2014 |title='Disrupting Parliament is important': BJP's words from opposition days come back to haunt it |publisher=Scroll.in |url=https://scroll.in/article/696910/disrupting-parliament-is-important-bjps-words-from-opposition-days-come-back-to-haunt-it}}</ref>

=== NDA led Government of India ===
On 26 May 2014, Jaitley was selected by newly elected Prime Minister Narendra Modi to be the Minister of Finance, the Minister for Corporate Affairs and the Minister of Defence, in his cabinet.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/narendra-modi-government-list-of-portfolios-and-ministers/|title=Narendra Modi government: Full list of portfolios and ministers|work= The Indian Express|date=27 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/corporate-affairs-ministry-to-be-clubbed-with-finance-ministry/articleshow/35634966.cms|title=Corporate Affairs Ministry to be 'clubbed' with Finance Ministry|work=The Economic Times|date=27 May 2014}}</ref> Analysts cited Jaitley's "part-time" focus on defence as a simple continuation of the policies of the previous government.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140907/DEFREG03/309070017 |title=Analysts: New Modi Government Lacks Clear Defense Policy |last1=Raghuvanshi |first1=Vivek |date=7 September 2014 |work=[[Defense News]] |accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> According to a WikiLeaks cable by Robert Blake, the Charge at the US Embassy, to his government, when pressed on the question of Hindutva, Jaitley had argued that Hindu nationalism "will always be a talking point" for the BJP and characterised this as an opportunistic issue.<ref>{{cite web | title=WikiLeaks cable on Arun Jaitley's 'opportunistic' remark | publisher=[[NDTV]] | date=26 March 2011 | url=http://www.ndtv.com/wikileak/wikileaks-cable-on-arun-jaitleys-opportunistic-remark-451235 | accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref> Jaitley later clarified that "the use of the word opportunistic in reference to nationalism or Hindu nationalism is neither my view nor my language. It could be the diplomat's own usage."<ref>{{cite web | title=Arun Jaitley denies remark in WikiLeaks cable | publisher=[[NDTV]] | date=26 March 2011 | url=http://www.ndtv.com/wikileak/arun-jaitley-denies-remark-in-wikileaks-cable-451224 | accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref>

During the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Arun Jaitley agreed with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s assertions that the idea of reservations on the basis of religion is fraught with danger and was against giving reservations to Muslim Dalits and Christian Dalits as it might impact demography.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bihar-polls-grand-alliances-idea-of-reservations-on-the-basis-of-religion-is-fraught-with-danger-says-fm-arun-jaitley/articleshow/49588622.cms|title=Bihar polls: Grand Alliance's idea of reservations on the basis of religion is fraught with danger, says FM Arun Jaitley|first=Rakesh Mohan|last=Chaturvedi|date=30 October 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/interviews/all-those-who-are-involved-in-the-traditional-caste-psyche-will-suffer-a-big-setback-fm-arun-jaitley/articleshow/49590053.cms|title=All those who are involved in the traditional caste psyche will suffer a big setback: FM Arun Jaitley|first=Rakesh Mohan|last=Chaturvedi|date=30 October 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> He also serves as a member to the Board of Governors of [[Asian Development Bank]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Arun Jaitley appointed to Board of Governors of Asian Development Bank|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/arun-jaitley-appointed-to-board-of-governors-of-asian-development-bank/|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=Biharprabha News |accessdate=2 June 2014}}</ref> In November 2015, Jaitley said that personal laws governing marriages and divorces should be subject to fundamental rights, as constitutionally-guaranteed rights are supreme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Personal-law-should-be-subject-to-fundamental-rights-Jaitley/articleshow/49965830.cms|title=Personal law should be subject to fundamental rights: Jaitley | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He announced the [[Income declaration scheme, 2016]] in September 2016.<ref>{{citation |title=IDS 'Major Success' Compared to VDIS, Says Arun Jaitley |url=http://www.news18.com/news/politics/ids-major-success-compared-to-vdis-says-arun-jaitley-1313184.html |publisher=[[News 18]] |date=18 November 2016 }}</ref>

During his tenure as the Finance Minister of India, the government [[Indian 500 and 1000 rupee currency demonetization|demonetized the ₹500 and ₹1000 currency notes]], with the stated intention of curbing corruption, black money, fake currency, and terrorism from 9 November 2016.<ref>{{citation |title=Rs 500, Rs 1000 currency notes stand abolished from midnight: PM Modi |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/narendra-modi-prime-minister-address-to-the-nation4364609 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=9 November 2016 }}</ref> He oversaw the introduction of the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax]] (GST) which brought the country under one GST regime. On 20 June 2017, he reaffirmed that the roll-out of GST overseen by him as the finance minister was on track.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/will-be-switching-to-gst-regulation-from-june-30-midnight-fm-arun-jaitley/articleshow/59231111.cms|title=Will be switching to GST regulation from June 30 midnight: FM Arun Jaitley |date=20 June 2017|work=The Economic Times|access-date=20 June 2017}}</ref>

[[Todd G. Sears|Out Leadership]] recommended Arun Jaitley as one of the experts and leaders who openly speak on [[LGBT]]+ issues.<ref>{{cite web |title=CEO Brief: India |publisher=Out Leadership |date=8 June 2017 |location=New York |url=http://outleadership.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/OL_CEO-brief_India.pdf |access-date=3 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903171747/http://outleadership.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/OL_CEO-brief_India.pdf |archive-date=3 September 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 29 May 2019, in a letter to Prime Minister Modi, Arun Jaitley cited his health as a reason for not taking an active role in the formation of the new government, effectively declining a role as a minister in the second term of Prime Minister Modi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://theindependent.in/arun-jaitley-calls-it-a-day/|title=Arun Jaitley calls it a day|date=20 June 2017|work=theindependent.in |access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Arun Jaitley married Sangeeta, daughter of former [[Jammu and Kashmir]] finance minister [[Girdhari Lal Dogra]], on 24 May 1982. They have two children, Rohan and Sonali; the latter married Jaiyesh Bakhshi.<ref name="autogenerated7">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/knot-for-everybodys-eyes/articleshow/636819.cms|title=Knot for everybody's eyes|last=Chatterjee|first=Ashok|date=24 April 2004|work=The Times of India|accessdate=25 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123190141/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/Knot-for-everybodys-eyes/articleshow/636819.cms|archive-date=23 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pib.nic.in"/><ref name=164.100.47.5>{{cite web|title=Profiles of Rajya Sabha Members (needs selection)|url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx|publisher=Rajya Sabha|accessdate=6 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/shah-rukh-khan-arun-jaitley-daughter-sangeet-sonali-jaitley/|title=Arun Jaitley's daughter Sonali gets married|last=|first=|date=8 December 2015|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123191404/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/shah-rukh-khan-arun-jaitley-daughter-sangeet-sonali-jaitley/|archive-date=23 January 2019|url-status=live|access-date=23 January 2019}}</ref> Both his children are lawyers. He had two siblings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/an-eyewitness-to-history-we-were-a-partition-family-says-arun-jaitley/story-ylaSOHqv0z7ctw0d5EWpbN.html|title=An eyewitness to history: We were a Partition family, says Arun Jaitley|date=28 May 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=28 May 2016}}</ref> Delhi's Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium is to be renamed as Arun Jaitley Stadium on 12 September 2019 at a function at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi's Iconic Feroz Shah Kotla to be Renamed as Arun Jaitley Stadium |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/feroz-shah-kotla-to-be-renamed-arun-jaitley-stadium-2286121.html |accessdate=27 August 2019 |work=News18 |date=27 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Illness and death==
Jaitley suffered from a series of health-related issues and underwent multiple surgeries leading into his deteriorating health and subsequent death in 2019. In 2005, he underwent a [[coronary artery bypass surgery]] after he was diagnosed of [[Hypertension|high blood pressure]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Jaitley undergoes bypass surgery, stable |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/jul/11arun.htm |accessdate=26 August 2019 |work=Rediff.com |date=11 July 2005}}</ref> In 2014, when he weighed {{convert|117|kg|lb}}, a [[gastric bypass surgery]] was performed on him aimed at reducing his weight. Doctors confirmed that Jaitley had been "suffering from diabetes for nearly two decades" then, and that the said procedure was the best option for patients suffering from "uncontrolled diabetes".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Durgesh Nandan |title=Arun Jaitley undergoes weight loss surgery |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Arun-Jaitley-undergoes-weight-loss-surgery/articleshow/41553675.cms |accessdate=26 August 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=3 September 2014 |language=en}}</ref> In May 2018, he underwent a [[Kidney transplantation|kidney transplant]] surgery.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arun Jaitley stable after kidney transplant at AIIMS |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/arun-jaitley-undergoes-successful-kidney-transplant-at-aiims/articleshow/64158660.cms |accessdate=26 August 2019 |publisher=The Economic Times |agency=Press Trust of India |date=14 May 2018}}</ref>

In February 2019, the media reported that Jaitley had been diagnosed with a rare form of [[soft-tissue sarcoma]] and was undergoing treatment in the US, although it was termed a "regular medical check-up".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kohli |first1=Namita |title=The veiled tumour |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/2019/02/02/the-veiled-tumour.html |accessdate=26 August 2019 |work=The Week |date=2 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On 9 August, he was admitted to the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]] (AIIMS) after he complained of "breathlessness".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newsstate.com/india/news/former-union-minister-and-senior-bjp-leader-arun-jaitley-passes-away-at-aiims-103357.html | title=Arun Jaitley Passes Away due to health reasons | publisher=[[News Nation]] | date=24 August 2019 | accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/president-ram-nath-kovind-visits-aiims-to-inquire-about-arun-jaitleys-health/articleshow/70696946.cms|title=President Ram Nath Kovind visits AIIMS to inquire about Arun Jaitley's health|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=16 August 2019|date=16 August 2019}}</ref> On 17 August, it was reported that he was on [[life-support]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arun-jaitleys-condition-critical-say-sources/article29117556.ece|title=Arun Jaitley put on life support, say AIIMS sources|date=17 August 2019|accessdate=18 August 2019|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Perappdan|first1=Bindu Shajan}}</ref> By 23 August, his health had deteriorated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arun-jaitleys-health-deteriorates-say-aiims-sources/article29237600.ece|title=Arun Jaitley's health deteriorates, say AIIMS sources|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 August 2019}}</ref>

Jaitley died at 12:07 p.m. ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) the following day, aged 66.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/arun-jaitley-passes-away-at-66-1591089-2019-08-24|title=Arun Jaitley passes away at 66|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newsnation.in/india-news/arun-jaitley-former-union-minister-and-bjp-stalwart-dies-article-235185.html | title=Arun Jaitley Passes Away due to health reasons | publisher=[[News Nation]] | date=24 August 2019 | accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref> He was [[Cremation|cremated]] at [[Nigambodh Ghat|Nigam Bodh Ghat]] on 25 August.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arun-jaitley-to-be-cremated-at-nigambodh-ghat-today-1591300-2019-08-25|title=Arun Jaitley to be cremated at Nigambodh Ghat today|last=DelhiAugust 25|first=Press Trust of India New|last2=August 25|first2=2019UPDATED:|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=25 August 2019|last3=Ist|first3=2019 10:14}}</ref> The [[India national cricket team|Indian Cricket team]] wore black armbands for a day during the test match with [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2019|the West Indies]], to condole Jaitley's death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/arun-jaitley-death-india-cricket-black-armbands-west-indies-1st-test-day-3-antigua-1591213-2019-08-24|title=India vs West Indies: Virat Kohli's men to wear black armbands to condole Arun Jaitley's death|last=AntiguaAugust 24|first=Asian News International|last2=August 24|first2=2019UPDATED:|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=1 September 2019|last3=Ist|first3=2019 19:00}}</ref>

==Controversies==
{{Criticism section|date=August 2019}}
In January 2019 Jaitley generated controversy when he accused the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] of ''investigative adventurism'' in the [[ICICI Bank]] - [[Videocon]] fraud case.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/arun-jaitley-targets-cbi-over-kochhar-probe-says-adventurism-taking-over-professionalism/articleshow/67693611.cms|title=Arun Jaitley Targets CBI over Kochhar Probe|work=The Economic Times|access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> The [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] had named [[Chanda Kochhar]] and her husband Deepak Kochhar as beneficiaries in the financial fraud, in which [[Venugopal Dhoot]], the promoter of Videocon had fraudulently transferred part of the loan received from ICICI Bank to the Kochhar's business entreprise<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/whos-who-named-by-cbi-and-their-role-in-the-chanda-kochhar-case-5556581/|title=Who is Who named by CBI in Chanda Kochhar Case|work=Indian Express|access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> Jaitley stated that naming the corrupt bank officials will not help in the investigation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/arun-jaitley-targets-cbi-over-chanda-kochhar-probe-says-adventurism-taking-over-professionalism/articleshow/67692960.cms|title=Arun Jaitely Targets CBI over Chanda Kochhar Case - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

Previously in September 2012, Jaitley had warned CBI on corruption cases involving political leaders from [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/jaitley-warns-cbi-on-cases-against-gujarat-leaders-506905.html|title=Jaitely Warns CBI over Gujarat Leaders|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}{{Commons category|Arun Jaitley}}
* {{official website|https://www.arunjaitley.com/}}.
* [http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=27 Detailed Profile: Shri Arun Jaitley]
* [https://www.bloombergquint.com/topic/arun-jaitley Arun Jaitley] collected news and commentary at [[BloombergQuint]]

{{Navboxes
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{{s-start}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Jaipal Reddy]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting]]|years=1999–2000}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sushma Swaraj]]}}

{{s-bef|before=[[Ram Jethmalani]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Minister of Law and Justice]]|years=2000–2002}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha]]|years=2009–2014}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]|years=2018–2019}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Corporate Affairs|Minister of Corporate Affairs]]|years=2014–2019}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nirmala Sitharaman]]}}

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{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi}}
{{Finance Ministers of India}}
{{Defence Ministers of India}}
{{Ministers of Information and Broadcasting}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaitley, Arun}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Defence Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Finance Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian solicitors]]
[[Category:Law Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Ministers for Information and Broadcasting of India]]
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]
[[Category:National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:People from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Presidents of Delhi University Students Union]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Senior Advocates in India]]
[[Category:Shri Ram College of Commerce alumni]]
[[Category:Supreme Court of India lawyers]]
[[Category:Faculty of Law, University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Ministers for Corporate Affairs]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]

Samantha Bond

2009-08-25T12:09:43Z

122.163.118.148:

{{Infobox actor
| name = Samantha Bond
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birthdate = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1961|11|27}}
| location = England, UK
| spouse = Alexander Hanson
| deathdate =
| birthname =
| othername =
| homepage =
| notable role = ''[[Miss Moneypenny]]'' in ''[[GoldenEye]]'', ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'', ''[[The World Is Not Enough]]'' and ''[[Die Another Day]]''
}}
'''Samantha Bond''' (born 27 November 1961) is an English [[actor|actress]] best known for her role as [[Miss Moneypenny]] in the [[James Bond]] films starring [[Pierce Brosnan]]. She is married to [[Alexander Hanson (actor)|Alexander Hanson]] and has two children, Molly and Tom. Samantha Bond is the daughter of actor [[Philip Bond]] and [[Pat Sandys]], and is the sister of actors [[Abigail]] and [[Matthew Bond]]. She attended the [[Godolphin and Latymer School]], and trained at the [[Bristol Old Vic Theatre School]].

==Career==
She has appeared in many television series, notably the 1997 adaptation of ''[[Emma (1996 TV film)|Emma]]'' starring [[Kate Beckinsale]]. She is a member of the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] and starred opposite Dame [[Judi Dench]] in [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]'s award-winning play ''[[Amy's View]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre]].

In 1983, she appeared in the original 1983 Southampton production of ''[[Daisy Pulls It Off]]'' before it moved to the [[West End theatre|West End]].<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2002/04/25/btrgl25.xml Review of 2002 production of ''Daisy''], ''Telegraph'', 25 April 2002.</ref> Also in 1983 she appeared in ''[[Mansfield Park]]'' and in the fourth series of ''[[Rumpole of the Bailey]]'' where she played Rumpole's pupil Miss Liz Probert. In 1985, she appeared in the [[Miss Marple (TV series)|BBC's adaptation]] of ''[[A Murder is Announced]]'', a [[Miss Marple]] novel by [[Agatha Christie]]. In 1990, she appeared in the ''[[Agatha Christie's Poirot]]'' television series episode "The Adventure of the Cheap Flat". In 2004, she starred opposite [[Peter Davison]] in the [[ITV]] drama-comedy ''[[Distant Shores]]''. In 2006, she returned to the stage in a new production of [[Michael Frayn]]'s ''Donkey's Years'' at the [[Comedy Theatre]]. On 1 January 2007, Bond appeared as the villain Mrs Wormwood in the pilot episode of the [[BBC]] children's drama series ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'', a spin-off from the popular science-fiction series ''[[Doctor Who]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5345442.stm|title=Doctor Who spin-off set for BBC|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|date=2006-09-14|accessdate=2006-09-14}}</ref>. She later reprised this role for the [[Enemy of the Bane|two part finale]] of the show's second series. Bond starred in the BBC sitcom ''[[Outnumbered]]'' in both 2007 and 2008, playing Auntie Angela. She has also starred in the popular English drama ''[[Midsomer Murders]]'' in the episodes "Destroying Angel" (2001) and "Shot at Dawn" (2008). In the West End she stars in David Leveaux's production of [[Tom Stoppard]]'s ''[[Arcadia (play)|Arcadia]]'' at the [[Duke of York's Theatre]] (2009).

==James Bond franchise==
Samantha Bond has starred in four James Bond films as [[Miss Moneypenny]]. She was preceded by [[Caroline Bliss]] and [[Lois Maxwell]]. In a BBC 4 interview, she remarked that she would retire from her role with the departure of Pierce Brosnan as James Bond.

Samantha has yet to be succeeded as Moneypenny, as the character was not included in either ''[[Casino Royale (2006 film)|Casino Royale]]'' or its sequel, ''[[Quantum of Solace]]''.

*''[[GoldenEye]]'' (1995)
*''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' (1997)
*''[[The World Is Not Enough]]'' (1999)
*''[[Die Another Day]]'' (2002)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdb name|id=0094039|name=Samantha Bond}}
{{sequence|
prev=[[Caroline Bliss]] 1987–1989|
next=Unknown|
list=[[Miss Moneypenny]] 1995–2002|
}}


{{Persondata
|NAME= Bond, Samantha
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|SHORT DESCRIPTION= English actor
|DATE OF BIRTH= 27 November 1961
|PLACE OF BIRTH= England, UK
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bond, Samantha}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English film actors]]
[[Category:English television actors]]
[[Category:English voice actors]]
[[Category:Old Dolphins]]
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]
[[Category:Alumni of Bristol Old Vic Theatre School]]

[[de:Samantha Bond]]
[[fr:Samantha Bond]]
[[id:Samantha Bond]]
[[he:סמנתה בונד]]
[[nl:Samantha Bond]]
[[ja:サマンサ・ボンド]]
[[pl:Samantha Bond]]
[[fi:Samantha Bond]]
[[sv:Samantha Bond]]

Roger Moore

2009-08-25T10:38:01Z

122.163.118.148:

{{Inappropriate tone|date=May 2008}}
{{Otherpeople}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Sir Roger Moore 
| image = Roger_Moore.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Moore in Finland 2009
| birthname = Roger George Moore
| birthdate = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1927|10|14}}
| birthplace = [[Stockwell]], London, England
| occupation = [[Actor]], [[film producer]]
| yearsactive = 1945–present
| spouse = [[Doorn van Steyn]] (1946–53) [[Dorothy Squires]] (1953–68) Luisa Mattioli (1969–96) [[Kristina Tholstrup]] (2002–present)
}}
'''Sir Roger George Moore''' [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]] (born 14 October 1927) is an English actor and film producer. He is perhaps best known for portraying two British action heroes, [[Simon Templar]] in the [[television series]] ''[[The Saint (TV series)|The Saint]]'' from 1962 to 1969, and [[James Bond (character)|James Bond]] in [[James Bond (film series)|seven films from 1973 to 1985]].

==Early life==
Moore was born in [[Stockwell]], London (sometimes referred to by Moore in interviews as Saint Ockwell). The [[only child]] of George Moore, a policeman, and Lillian "Lily" ([[married and maiden names|née]] Pope), a housewife,<ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/21/Roger-Moore.html Roger Moore Biography (1927-)]</ref> he attended [[Battersea Grammar School]], but was [[Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II|evacuated]] to [[Holsworthy, Devon]] during [[World War II]] and was then educated at [[Dr Challoner's Grammar School]]. He then attended the [[College of St Hild and St Bede|College of the Venerable Bede]] at the [[University of Durham]].<ref>[http://www.rogermoore.org/ Link to www.rogermoore.org]</ref> Upon turning 18, shortly after the end of the war, Moore was [[Conscription in the United Kingdom|conscripted]] for [[National Service]]. He was commissioned as an [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] and eventually became a [[Captain (land)|Captain]]. In his usual self-deprecatory style, he claimed that his commission was because he physically fitted the stereotype of an officer, rather than having any outstanding ability or leadership skills. Moore served in the [[Royal Army Service Corps]], commanding a small depot in West Germany. He later transferred to the entertainment branch (under luminaries such as [[Spike Milligan]]), and immediately prior to his National Service, there was a brief stint at [[RADA]] (the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art), during which his fees were paid for by flamboyant, openly [[gay]] film director [[Brian Desmond Hurst]], who also used Moore as an [[extra (actor)|extra]] in his film ''[[Trottie True]]''. Moore was a classmate at [[RADA]] with his future Bond colleague [[Lois Maxwell]], the original [[Miss Moneypenny]]. The young Moore first appeared in films during the mid to late-1940s, as an extra. Moore's film idol as a child was [[Stewart Granger]]. As a 17 year old, Moore appeared as an extra in the film ''[[Caesar and Cleopatra]]'' (1945), finally meeting his idol on the set. Moore later worked with Granger in ''[[The Wild Geese]]''.

==Career==
[[File:Roger Moore at the sets of Sea Wolves.jpg|196px|right|thumb|Roger Moore]]
===Early work (1946–1959)===
In the early 1950s, Moore worked as a male model, appearing in print advertisements for knitwear (earning him the amusing nickname "The Big Knit"), and a wide range of other products such as toothpaste{{ndash}} an element that many critics have used as typifying his lightweight credentials as an actor. His earliest known television appearance was on 27 May 1950, in ''[[Drawing Room Detective]]'', a one-off programme. Presented by veteran BBC announcer [[Leslie Mitchell]], it invited viewers at home to spot clues to a crime during a playlet, whose actors also included Alec Ross (first husband of [[Sheila Hancock]]) and [[Michael Ripper]]. Barring interviews, Moore has not worked for BBC television since.

Although Moore won a contract with [[MGM]] in the 1950s, the films which followed were not a success and, in his own words, "At MGM, RGM (Roger George Moore) was NBG [no bloody good]." His starring role in ''[[The Miracle (1959 film)|The Miracle]]'', a version of the play ''[[Das Mirakel (play)|Das Mirakel]]'' for [[Warner Bros.]], had been turned down by [[Dirk Bogarde]].

Eventually, it was television in which Moore made tsdgh. He was the eponymous hero in the serial ''[[Ivanhoe (1958 TV series)|Ivanhoe]]'', a very loose adaptation of the romantic novel by [[Sir Walter Scott]], and he also appeared in the series ''[[The Alaskans]]'', as well as playing [[List of Maverick episodes|Beau Maverick]], an English cousin of frontier gambler [[Bret Maverick]] ([[James Garner]]) in ''[[Maverick (TV series)|Maverick]]''.

===''The Saint'' (1960–1969)===
Worldwide fame arrived after [[Lew Grade]] cast Moore as [[Simon Templar]] in a new adaptation of ''[[The Saint (TV series)|The Saint]]'', based on the novels by [[Leslie Charteris]]. Moore said in an interview, during 1963, that he wanted to buy the rights of Leslie Charteris's character and the trademarks, but didn't have enough money. He also joked that the role was supposed to have been meant for [[Sean Connery]] who was unavailable. The television series was made in the UK with an eye on the American market, and its success there (and in other countries) made Moore a household name - and in spring 1967 he eventually had reached the level of an international top star. It also established his suave, quipping style which he would carry forward to [[James Bond]]. Moore would also go on to direct several episodes of the later series, which moved into colour in 1967.

''The Saint'' ran from 1961 for six seasons and 118 episodes, making it (in a tie with ''[[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]]'') the longest-running series of its kind on British television. However, Moore grew increasingly tired of the role, and was keen to branch out. He made two films immediately after the series had ended: ''[[Crossplot (film)|Crossplot]]'', a lightweight 'spy caper' movie, and the more challenging ''[[The Man Who Haunted Himself]]'' (1971). Directed by [[Basil Dearden]], it gave Moore the opportunity to demonstrate a wider versatility than the role of Simon Templar had allowed, although reviews at the time were lukewarm, and both did little business at the box office. Despite the initial reviews The Man Who Haunted Himself is now considered a very under-rated film and the role is considered one of Moore's finest performances among his fans.

===After ''The Saint'' (1969–1973)===
Television lured Moore back to star, alongside [[Tony Curtis]], in what has become another [[Cult television|cult]] series, ''[[The Persuaders!]]''. It featured the adventures of two millionaire playboys across Europe. It was for this series that Moore was paid the then unheard-of sum of £1 million for a single series, making him the highest paid television actor in the world. However, Lew Grade claimed in his autobiography ''Still Dancing'', that Moore and Curtis "didn't hit it off all that well". Curtis refusing to spend more time on set than was strictly necessary, while Moore was always willing to work overtime.

The series failed in America, where it had been pre-sold to [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] but it was successful in Australia and in Europe. In Germany, where the series was aired under the name ''Die Zwei'', it became a hit through a special funny dubbing that only barely used the original translations of the dialogs. And in Britain it was also popular, although on its premiere on the [[ITV]] network, it was beaten in the ratings by repeats of ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]'' on [[BBC1]]. When [[Channel 4]] repeated both ''[[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]]'' and ''[[The Persuaders!]]'' in 1995, it was generally agreed that the latter, which had not been seen for many years, had not aged as well as the former. It has not been seen on any of the five main UK terrestrial channels since.<ref name="pershow">More precisely, [[BBC One|BBC1]], [[BBC Two|BBC2]], [[ITV|the ITV network]], [[Channel 4]], and [[Five (channel)|Five]], the five 'traditional' terrestrial stations. The series has since been seen shown on the [[Digital terrestrial television|digital terrestrial]]-only station [[ITV4]]. ''(See ITV4 reference below)''</ref><ref name="itv4">[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ITV4&oldid=84421848 "ITV4" article], Wikipedia. Version used dated 2006-10-29, retrieved 2006-11-06.</ref>

Since then, ''The Persuaders'' has enjoyed something of a renaissance both on television and DVD, with the 'rivals' Moore and Curtis reuniting to provide commentaries on the most recent issues. In France, where the series (entitled ''Amicalement Vôtre'') had always been popular, the DVD releases accompanied a monthly magazine of the same name.

===James Bond (1973–1985)===
There are many apocryphal stories as to when Moore's name was first dropped as a possible candidate for the role of James Bond. Some sources, specifically [[Albert R. Broccoli]] from his autobiography ''When The Snow Melts'', claim that Moore was considered for ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'', and that he was [[Ian Fleming]]'s favorite for the role after apparently having seen Moore as [[Simon Templar]] in ''[[The Saint (TV series)|The Saint]]''; however, the series did not begin airing in the United Kingdom until October 4, 1962 {{ndash}} one day before the premiere of ''Dr. No'', although it's possible that the show began filming before or around the film.

Other sources, such as the commentary<ref>"Need Citation"</ref> for the special edition [[DVD]]s, claim that Moore was passed over for Bond in favour of someone who was older. As Moore is older than [[Sean Connery]], this is probably not true. Publicly, Moore was not linked to the role of 007 until 1967, when [[Harry Saltzman]] claimed he would make a good Bond, but also displayed misgivings owing to his popularity as Simon Templar. Nevertheless, Moore was finally cast as James Bond in ''[[Live and Let Die (film)|Live and Let Die]]'' (1973).

Roger Moore's twelve years as James Bond earned him enough popularity (and credibility) among fans of [[detective fiction]] to earn many Bond fans' acceptance, despite the inevitable comparisons to Connery. Moore played Bond in ''[[Live and Let Die (film)|Live and Let Die]]'' (1973); ''[[The Man with the Golden Gun (film)|The Man with the Golden Gun]]'' (1974); ''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (film)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'' (1977); ''[[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]'' (1979); ''[[For Your Eyes Only (film)|For Your Eyes Only]]'' (1981); ''[[Octopussy]]'' (1983) and ''[[A View to a Kill]]'' (1985)

To date, Moore is the longest-serving James Bond actor, having spent twelve years in the role (from his debut in 1973, to his [[retirement]] from the role in 1985), and made seven official films. (Connery also made seven, but his last Bond film, ''[[Never Say Never Again]]'' (1983), was not part of the "official" [[EON Productions]] series.) He is also the oldest actor to play Bond: he was 45 when he debuted, and 58 when he announced his retirement on December 3, 1985. It was agreed by all involved that Moore was too old for the role by that point; he had actually tried to leave the role after ''For Your Eyes Only''.

Moore's James Bond was light-hearted, more so than any other official actor to portray the character. Connery's style, even in its lighter moments, was that of a focused, determined agent. Moore often portrayed 007 as somewhat of a playboy, with tongue firmly in cheek, but also as a very capable and seasoned detective. The humour served Moore and his fans well through most of his Bond tenure.

Although often considered a 'lightweight', owing to never having had a significant stage career or having appeared in serious dramas, Moore can boast a dramatic education at [[RADA]], the prestigious London drama college. However, Moore only attended for six months in 1945. In 2004, Moore was voted 'Best Bond' in a poll and won with a large 62% of votes whilst in late 2008, he also topped another poll on moviefans.com beating new Bond star Daniel Craig with 56% of votes.

It is often overlooked that during Moore's Bond period he starred in 13 other films, including the successful thriller Gold (1974) and even played Chief Inspector Clouseau in The Curse of the Pink Panther (1983). However, most of these films were not critically acclaimed.

===Post-James Bond career and UNICEF (1985–present)===
His post-Bond acting career has been light. In the words of his friend Michael Caine, with whom he co-starred in the unsuccessful ''[[Bullseye!]]'' (1990), "Now he can't get a job."{{Fact|date=February 2009}} At the age of 74, Moore was given the chance to go against type with his portrayal of a flamboyant homosexual (with James Bond characteristics) in ''[[Boat Trip]]'' (2002).

In 1983, his life changed when filming [[Octopussy|his sixth film as James Bond]] in India. Shocked at the poverty in India, he became interested in the [[Third World]] humanitarian effort. His friend [[Audrey Hepburn]] had impressed him with her work for UNICEF, and consequently he became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1991. He was the voice of 'Santa' in the UNICEF cartoon ''[[The Fly Who Loved Me]]''.<ref>[http://www.unicef.org.uk/theflywholovedme/ The Fly Who Loved Me]</ref>

Now in his early eighties, Moore is mainly retired from acting. In a commercial for London's [[London 2012 Olympic bid|2012 Olympic bid]], Moore once again suited up as James Bond. He appeared alongside [[Samantha Bond]], who played [[Miss Moneypenny]] in the Bond films during the [[Pierce Brosnan]] era. He still appears regularly on chat shows, chiefly to promote the work of UNICEF.

On October 11, 2007, (3 days before he turned 80), Moore was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for his work on television and in film. Attending the ceremony were family, friends, and [[Richard Kiel]], whom he had acted with in ''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (film)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'' and ''[[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]''. Moore's Star was the 2,350th star installed, and is appropriately located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iVEzDK99xVldzImafMdKLA9cQOJw AFP: Roger Moore honored with star on 'Walk of Fame&#39]</ref><ref>[http://www.roger-moore.com/etoile-hollywood2007.htm Roger Moore Official Site]</ref>

==Personal life==
Moore left his first wife, skater Doorn Van Steyn, for singer [[Dorothy Squires]], who was several years his senior but was, at that time, considerably more famous than he was, and they lived together for a short time in Dafyn Llanelli, South Wales. In turn, while filming in Italy in 1961, he abandoned Squires (who sued him for attempted reinstatement of [[conjugal rights]]) for actress Luisa Mattioli. He lived with Mattioli until their marriage in 1969, after Squires finally granted Moore a divorce. Moore has a daughter and two sons with Mattioli; his son Geoffrey Moore is also an actor and owns a restaurant in London. Daughter [[Deborah Moore]] made a guest appearance as a flight attendant in ''[[Die Another Day]]''. Again, he unexpectedly ended this marriage in 1993, later marrying former [[Cote d'Azur]] neighbour, the Danish-Swedish multi-millionaire Kristina 'Kiki' Tholstrup.

Moore lived in [[Royal Tunbridge Wells]] for a period after early success in ''The Saint,'' and then moved to [[Surrey]] before relocating to [[Hollywood]]. During filming of ''The Spy Who Loved Me'' "villain" [[Curd Jürgens]] made the offer to Moore to spend some time at his home in [[Gstaad]], which Moore enjoyed having taken up [[skiing]]. When he married Kiki Tholstrup, he set up a routine of spending winters in Gstaad, and summer at his apartment in [[Monaco]]. After 15 years in Gstaad, he now resides in the winter at his chalet in [[Crans-Montana]], [[Valais]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.roger-moore.com/magsuisse-article.htm|title=The Man With The Golden Heart|publisher=Mag Suisse/roger-moore.com|accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref>

Moore was involved in the production of a video for [[PETA]] that protests against the production and wholesale of [[foie gras]]. Moore narrates the video.<ref>http://www.peta.org.uk/feat/RogerMoore.asp</ref>

In 1999, Moore was created a [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE), and a [[Order of the British Empire|Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (KBE) on June 14, 2003. The citation on the knighthood was for Moore's charity work, which has dominated his public life for more than a decade. In perhaps his final riposte to the critics, Moore said that the citation "meant far more to me than if I had got it for acting... I was proud because I received it on behalf of UNICEF as a whole and for all it has achieved over the years".

==Royal Circles==
Moore has a friendship with some of the Danish royals; [[Prince Joachim of Denmark|Prince Joachim]] and his then-wife [[Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg]] invited him and his wife Kiki to attend the christening of their youngest son, [[Prince Felix]].
On May 24, 2008 he and his wife attended the wedding of Prince Joachim and his French fiancée [[Princess Marie of Denmark|Marie Cavallier]]. He is also known to be a friend of H.M. King [[Carl XVI Gustaf]] of [[Sweden]]

==Awards==
'''For his charity work'''
*2008: Dag Hammarskjöld Medal (from the UN)
*2005: UNICEF Snowflake Audrey Hepburn Humanitarian Award
*2003: German Federal Service Cross: for his work battling child traffickers as special representative to UNICEF
*2003: Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
*1999: Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
'''Lifetime achievements awards'''
*2008: Commander of the National Order of Arts and Letters (France)
*2007: Hollywood Walk of Fame
*2002: Monte Carlo TV Festival (Lifetime Achievement Award)
*2001: Lifetime achievement award (Filmfestival,Jamaica)
*1997: Palm Springs film festival, USA, Lifetime Achievement Award
*1995: TELE GATTO (Italian TV; Lifetime Achievement Award)
*1991: GOLDEN CAMERA (German TV; lifetime achievement award)
*1990: BAMBI (Lifetime Achievement Award from the German magazine BUNTE)
'''For his acting'''
*1981: OTTO (Most popular Film Star; from German Magazine BRAVO)
*1980: SATURN Award (Most Popular International Performer)
*1980: GOLDEN GLOBE: World Film Favorite-Male
*1973: BAMBI (shared with Tony Curtis for "The Persuaders", from the German magazine BUNTE)
*1973: BEST ACTOR IN TV, award from the french magazine TELE-7-JOURS, shared with Tony Curtis for "The Persuaders"
*1967: ONDAS-AWARD (Spanish TV for "The Saint")
*1967: OTTO (Most popular TV-star for "The Saint"; from German magazine BRAVO)

==Publications==
Moore wrote a book about the filming of ''Live and Let Die'', based on his diaries. ''Roger Moore as James Bond: Roger Moore's Own Account of Filming Live and Let Die'' was published in London in 1973, by Pan Books. The book includes an acknowledgment to [[Sean Connery]], with whom Moore has been friends for many years: "I would also like to thank Sean Connery – ''with'' whom it would not have been possible."

Moore's [[autobiography]] ''My Word is My Bond'' (ISBN 0061673889) was published by [[HarperCollins|Collins]] in the US in November 2008. It was published in the UK by Michael O'Mara Books Ltd on October 2nd 2008 (ISBN 9781843173182) .<ref>[http://www.roger-moore.com/ Roger Moore's official website]</ref><ref>[http://www.amazon.co.uk/ Amazon UK]</ref>

== Filmography ==

{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" align="center"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1945 in film|1945]] || ''[[Perfect Strangers (1945 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Caesar and Cleopatra (1945 film)|Caesar and Cleopatra]]'' || Roman soldier ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1946 in film|1946]] || ''Gaiety George'' || ||
|-
| ''Piccadilly Incident'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1949 in film|1949]] || ''[[Paper Orchid]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Trottie True'' || ||
|-
| [[1950 in film|1950]] || ''Honeymoon Deferred'' || ||
|-
| [[1951 in film|1951]] || ''[[One Wild Oat]]'' || ||
|-
| [[1954 in film|1954]] || ''[[The Last Time I Saw Paris]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1955 in film|1955]] || ''[[Interrupted Melody]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[The King's Thief]]'' || Jack ||
|-
| [[1956 in film|1956]] || ''[[Diane (film)|Diane]]'' || [[Henry II of France|Prince Henri (later King Henry II)]] ||
|-
| [[1959 in film|1959]] || ''[[The Miracle (1959 film)|The Miracle]]'' || Captain Michael Stuart ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1961 in film|1961]] || ''The Sins of Rachel Cade'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Gold of the Seven Saints]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1962 in film|1962]] || ''Romulus and the Sabines'' || ||
|-
| ''[[No Man's Land]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1968 in film|1968]] || ''[[Vendetta for the Saint]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[The Saint and the Fiction Makers|The Fiction Makers]]'' || ||
|-
| [[1969 in film|1969]] || ''[[Crossplot (film)|Crossplot]]'' || Gary Fenn ||
|-
| [[1970 in film|1970]] || ''[[The Man Who Haunted Himself]]'' || Harold Pelham ||
|-
| [[1973 in film|1973]] || ''[[Live and Let Die (film)|Live and Let Die]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1974 in film|1974]] || ''[[Gold (1974 film)|Gold]]'' || Rod Slater ||
|-
| ''[[The Man with the Golden Gun (film)|The Man with the Golden Gun]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| [[1975 in film|1975]] || ''That Lucky Touch'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4"| [[1976 in film|1976]] || ''London Conspiracy'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sherlock Holmes in New York]]'' || [[Sherlock Holmes]] ||
|-
| ''[[Street People]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Shout at the Devil (film)|Shout at the Devil]]'' || Sebastian Oldsmith ||
|-
| [[1977 in film|1977]] || ''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (film)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| [[1978 in film|1978]] || ''[[The Wild Geese]]'' || Lieutenant Shaun Fynn ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1979 in film|1979]] || ''[[Escape to Athena]]'' || Major Otto Hecht ||
|-
| ''[[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[1980 in film|1980]] || ''[[North Sea Hijack]]'' || Rufus Excalibur ffolkes || Also known as ''[[ffolkes]]''
|-
| ''[[The Sea Wolves]]'' || Captain Gavin Stewart ||
|-
| ''[[Sunday Lovers]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1981 in film|1981]] || ''[[The Cannonball Run (film)|The Cannonball Run]]'' || Seymour Goldfarb ||
|-
| ''[[For Your Eyes Only (film)|For Your Eyes Only]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1983 in film|1983]] || ''[[Octopussy]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| ''[[Curse of the Pink Panther]]'' || Chief Insp. Jacques Clouseau ||
|-
| [[1984 in film|1984]] || ''[[The Naked Face]]'' || ||
|-
| [[1985 in film|1985]] || ''[[A View to a Kill]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| [[1987 in film|1987]] || ''The Magic Snowman'' || || Voice
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1990 in film|1990]] || ''[[Fire, Ice and Dynamite]]'' || Sir George Windsor ||
|-
| ''[[Bullseye!]]'' || ||
|-
| [[1992 in film|1992]] || ''Bed and Breakfast'' || ||
|-
| [[1994 in film|1994]] || ''[[The Man Who Wouldn't Die]]'' || || TV
|-
| [[1996 in film|1996]] || ''[[The Quest (film)|The Quest]]'' || Lord Edgar Dobbs ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1997 in film|1997]] || ''[[The Saint (film)|The Saint]]'' || Radio Announcer Voice ||
|-
| ''[[Spiceworld (film)|Spice World]]'' || The Chief ||
|-
| [[2001 in film|2001]] || ''[[The Enemy (2001 film)|The Enemy]]'' || ||
|-
| [[2002 in film|2002]] || ''Na Svoji Vesni'' || ||
|-
| [[2003 in film|2003]] || ''[[Boat Trip]]'' || Lloyd Faversham ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[2005 in film|2005]] || ''Charles Lindbergh: The True Story'' || || Documentary, Narrator
|-
| ''[[Here Comes Peter Cottontail: The Movie]]'' || January Q. Irontail || Voice, Direct-to-DVD
|-
| [[2008 in film|2008]] || ''[[Agent Crush]]'' || Burt Gasket || Voice
|}

===Criticism===
Moore has had, and continues to have, an enormous fanbase worldwide, particularly in Western Europe and in the USA, and, as James Bond, was undeniably one of the film world's top box office stars for most of the 1970s. However, those fans of his from outside the UK have often been disappointed to find that, in Britain, he is not critically respected.<ref>http://roger-moore.com/nouvelle-zelande2008.htm</ref>

He has been somewhat unpopular with critics, who have often derided his acting as limited and wooden. In the ''[[New York Times]]'' of 29 December 1974, [[Vincent Canby]] sarcastically wrote that he hereby awarded Moore "the Kabuki Acting Award… in recognition of the manner in which he has reduced all human emotions to a series of variations on one gesture, the raising of the right eyebrow." And in ''The Good Film And Video Guide'' (published 1986), David Shipman wrote of ''A View to a Kill'' that Moore as James Bond was "not so much like a piece of plastic, as something embalmed but moving." [[John Brosnan]], who with his 1972 book, ''James Bond In The Cinema'', became the first writer to seriously consider the phenomenon of the Bond movies in themselves, as opposed to [[Ian Fleming|the books]], consistently urged Broccoli to replace Moore, writing in his review of ''[[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]'' in ''[[Starburst]]'' magazine that he was "plastic...more James Bland than James Bond."<ref> Black, Jeremy ''The Politics of James Bond: From Fleming's Novels to the Big Screen'' (2005)</ref>

The satirical British TV show ''[[Spitting Image]]'' once had a sketch in which their [[latex]] likeness of Moore, when asked to display emotions by an offscreen director, does nothing but raise an eyebrow. Moore himself has stated that he thought the sketch was funny, and took it in good humour. Indeed, he had always embraced the 'eyebrows' gag wholeheartedly, slyly claiming that he "only had three expressions as Bond: right eyebrow raised, left eyebrow raised and eyebrows crossed when grabbed by [[Jaws (James Bond)|Jaws]]." ''Spitting Image'' continued the joke, featuring a Bond movie spoof, ''The Man with the Wooden Delivery'', with Moore's puppet receiving orders from [[Margaret Thatcher]] to kill [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], and many other comedy shows of that time ridiculed Moore's acting, [[Rory Bremner]] once claiming to have had a death threat from an irate fan of Moore's, following one such routine.<ref> Bremner, Rory ''Beware of Imitations'' (1999)</ref>

When Moore was made the subject of an edition of the [[BBC1]] series ''[[Best Of British]]'' on 22nd October 1999, the review in ''[[Time Out]]'' stated he should not have been included, due to being "second-rate". Similarly, reviewing the programme in ''[[The Stage]]'', comedy writer [[Harry Venning]] wrote that, while he personally enjoyed ''[[The Saint]]'' and ''[[The Persuaders]]'', and "although he (Moore) certainly holds a place in the nation's affection it would be hard to think of anything he has ever been best at.....his movie career has been largely undistinguished, and there is more chance of finding Glenn Miller's plane than anyone who thinks Moore was the definitive James Bond. I suspect we love him because of his limitations, rather than despite them."<ref> Venning, Harry "Flashback thriller was a shock to the system", ''The Stage'', 28 October 1999</ref>

He decided to become a [[tax exile]] when Labour was returned to power in 1974, and has lived abroad ever since. However, in December 2007, he joined a protest in [[Bristol]] organised by the [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[Unite (trade union)|Unite]] trade union against the closure of a nearby [[Cadbury plc|Cadbury]] chocolate factory.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=News January/February 2008: Cadbury's Crazy closure challenged |url=http://www.tgwu.org.uk/Templates/Journal.asp?NodeID=94048&int1stParentNodeID=42469&int2ndParentNodeID=89440 |work=T&G Record |publisher=[[Transport and General Workers' Union]] |date=23 January 2008 |accessdate=2008-05-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Henry |last=Deedes |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Pandora: Comrade Moore joins the fight |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20071213/ai_n21154642 |work=[[The Independent]] |publisher= |date=December 13, 2007 |accessdate=2008-05-13 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.roger-moore.com/ Official website] - contains articles on Roger's work with UNICEF as well as his entertainment career
*[http://obr.lh.pl/sirrogermoore/ Sir Roger Moore - A Fan Site (since 2002)]
*{{imdb name|id=0000549|name=Roger Moore}}
*{{tvtome person|id=38416|name=Roger Moore}}
*[http://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/1021-EXCLUSIVE!-CINEMA-RETRO-ATTENDS-SURPRISE-BIRTHDAY-PARTY-FOR-SIR-ROGER-MOORE.html Cinema Retro attends surprise 80th birthday party for Sir Roger Moore]
*[http://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/2579-SIR-ROGER-MOORE-RECEIVES-THE-CINEMA-RETRO-ACHIEVEMENT-AWARD-AT-PINEWOOD-STUDIOS-SPY-WHO-LOVED-ME-REUNION-EVENT.html Sir Roger Moore receives lifetime achievement award at Pinewood Studios Spy Who Loved Me Reunion event]
*[http://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/2630-SIR-ROGER-MOORE-TRIBUTE-AT-THE-PLAYERS-CLUB-NEW-YORK-CITY.html Sir Roger Moore Inducted Into the Legendary Players Club, New York City]
*[http://www.lettersonpages.com/2008/12/my-word-is-my-bond-by-roger-moore/ Review of ''My Word Is My Bond'' at Letters On Pages]

{{James Bond actors}}



{{Persondata
|NAME= Moore, Roger
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Moore, Roger George
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Actor
|DATE OF BIRTH= 1927-10-14
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Stockwell]], London, England
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{Lifetime|1927|LIVING|Moore, Roger}}
[[Category:Actors awarded British knighthoods]]
[[Category:English film actors]]
[[Category:English stage actors]]
[[Category:English television actors]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:People from Stockwell]]
[[Category:Royal Army Service Corps officers]]
[[Category:English humanitarians]]

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Roger Moore

2009-08-25T10:29:01Z

122.163.118.148:

{{Inappropriate tone|date=May 2008}}
{{Otherpeople}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Sir Roger Moore 
| image = Roger_Moore.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Moore in Finland 2009
| birthname = Roger George Moore
| birthdate = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1927|10|14}}
| birthplace = [[Stockwell]], London, England
| occupation = [[Actor]], [[film producer]]
| yearsactive = 1945–present
| spouse = [[Doorn van Steyn]] (1946–53) [[Dorothy Squires]] (1953–68) [[Luisa Mattioli]] (1969–96) [[Kristina Tholstrup]] (2002–present)
}}
'''Sir Roger George Moore''' [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]] (born 14 October 1927) is an English actor and film producer. He is perhaps best known for portraying two British action heroes, [[Simon Templar]] in the [[television series]] ''[[The Saint (TV series)|The Saint]]'' from 1962 to 1969, and [[James Bond (character)|James Bond]] in [[James Bond (film series)|seven films from 1973 to 1985]].

==Early life==
Moore was born in [[Stockwell]], London (sometimes referred to by Moore in interviews as Saint Ockwell). The [[only child]] of George Moore, a policeman, and Lillian "Lily" ([[married and maiden names|née]] Pope), a housewife,<ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/21/Roger-Moore.html Roger Moore Biography (1927-)]</ref> he attended [[Battersea Grammar School]], but was [[Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II|evacuated]] to [[Holsworthy, Devon]] during [[World War II]] and was then educated at [[Dr Challoner's Grammar School]]. He then attended the [[College of St Hild and St Bede|College of the Venerable Bede]] at the [[University of Durham]].<ref>[http://www.rogermoore.org/ Link to www.rogermoore.org]</ref> Upon turning 18, shortly after the end of the war, Moore was [[Conscription in the United Kingdom|conscripted]] for [[National Service]]. He was commissioned as an [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] and eventually became a [[Captain (land)|Captain]]. In his usual self-deprecatory style, he claimed that his commission was because he physically fitted the stereotype of an officer, rather than having any outstanding ability or leadership skills. Moore served in the [[Royal Army Service Corps]], commanding a small depot in West Germany. He later transferred to the entertainment branch (under luminaries such as [[Spike Milligan]]), and immediately prior to his National Service, there was a brief stint at [[RADA]] (the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art), during which his fees were paid for by flamboyant, openly [[gay]] film director [[Brian Desmond Hurst]], who also used Moore as an [[extra (actor)|extra]] in his film ''[[Trottie True]]''. Moore was a classmate at [[RADA]] with his future Bond colleague [[Lois Maxwell]], the original [[Miss Moneypenny]]. The young Moore first appeared in films during the mid to late-1940s, as an extra. Moore's film idol as a child was [[Stewart Granger]]. As a 17 year old, Moore appeared as an extra in the film ''[[Caesar and Cleopatra]]'' (1945), finally meeting his idol on the set. Moore later worked with Granger in ''[[The Wild Geese]]''.

==Career==
[[File:Roger Moore at the sets of Sea Wolves.jpg|196px|right|thumb|Roger Moore]]
===Early work (1946–1959)===
In the early 1950s, Moore worked as a male model, appearing in print advertisements for knitwear (earning him the amusing nickname "The Big Knit"), and a wide range of other products such as toothpaste{{ndash}} an element that many critics have used as typifying his lightweight credentials as an actor. His earliest known television appearance was on 27 May 1950, in ''[[Drawing Room Detective]]'', a one-off programme. Presented by veteran BBC announcer [[Leslie Mitchell]], it invited viewers at home to spot clues to a crime during a playlet, whose actors also included Alec Ross (first husband of [[Sheila Hancock]]) and [[Michael Ripper]]. Barring interviews, Moore has not worked for BBC television since.

Although Moore won a contract with [[MGM]] in the 1950s, the films which followed were not a success and, in his own words, "At MGM, RGM (Roger George Moore) was NBG [no bloody good]." His starring role in ''[[The Miracle (1959 film)|The Miracle]]'', a version of the play ''[[Das Mirakel (play)|Das Mirakel]]'' for [[Warner Bros.]], had been turned down by [[Dirk Bogarde]].

Eventually, it was television in which Moore made tsdgh. He was the eponymous hero in the serial ''[[Ivanhoe (1958 TV series)|Ivanhoe]]'', a very loose adaptation of the romantic novel by [[Sir Walter Scott]], and he also appeared in the series ''[[The Alaskans]]'', as well as playing [[List of Maverick episodes|Beau Maverick]], an English cousin of frontier gambler [[Bret Maverick]] ([[James Garner]]) in ''[[Maverick (TV series)|Maverick]]''.

===''The Saint'' (1960–1969)===
Worldwide fame arrived after [[Lew Grade]] cast Moore as [[Simon Templar]] in a new adaptation of ''[[The Saint (TV series)|The Saint]]'', based on the novels by [[Leslie Charteris]]. Moore said in an interview, during 1963, that he wanted to buy the rights of Leslie Charteris's character and the trademarks, but didn't have enough money. He also joked that the role was supposed to have been meant for [[Sean Connery]] who was unavailable. The television series was made in the UK with an eye on the American market, and its success there (and in other countries) made Moore a household name - and in spring 1967 he eventually had reached the level of an international top star. It also established his suave, quipping style which he would carry forward to [[James Bond]]. Moore would also go on to direct several episodes of the later series, which moved into colour in 1967.

''The Saint'' ran from 1961 for six seasons and 118 episodes, making it (in a tie with ''[[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]]'') the longest-running series of its kind on British television. However, Moore grew increasingly tired of the role, and was keen to branch out. He made two films immediately after the series had ended: ''[[Crossplot (film)|Crossplot]]'', a lightweight 'spy caper' movie, and the more challenging ''[[The Man Who Haunted Himself]]'' (1971). Directed by [[Basil Dearden]], it gave Moore the opportunity to demonstrate a wider versatility than the role of Simon Templar had allowed, although reviews at the time were lukewarm, and both did little business at the box office. Despite the initial reviews The Man Who Haunted Himself is now considered a very under-rated film and the role is considered one of Moore's finest performances among his fans.

===After ''The Saint'' (1969–1973)===
Television lured Moore back to star, alongside [[Tony Curtis]], in what has become another [[Cult television|cult]] series, ''[[The Persuaders!]]''. It featured the adventures of two millionaire playboys across Europe. It was for this series that Moore was paid the then unheard-of sum of £1 million for a single series, making him the highest paid television actor in the world. However, Lew Grade claimed in his autobiography ''Still Dancing'', that Moore and Curtis "didn't hit it off all that well". Curtis refusing to spend more time on set than was strictly necessary, while Moore was always willing to work overtime.

The series failed in America, where it had been pre-sold to [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] but it was successful in Australia and in Europe. In Germany, where the series was aired under the name ''Die Zwei'', it became a hit through a special funny dubbing that only barely used the original translations of the dialogs. And in Britain it was also popular, although on its premiere on the [[ITV]] network, it was beaten in the ratings by repeats of ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]'' on [[BBC1]]. When [[Channel 4]] repeated both ''[[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]]'' and ''[[The Persuaders!]]'' in 1995, it was generally agreed that the latter, which had not been seen for many years, had not aged as well as the former. It has not been seen on any of the five main UK terrestrial channels since.<ref name="pershow">More precisely, [[BBC One|BBC1]], [[BBC Two|BBC2]], [[ITV|the ITV network]], [[Channel 4]], and [[Five (channel)|Five]], the five 'traditional' terrestrial stations. The series has since been seen shown on the [[Digital terrestrial television|digital terrestrial]]-only station [[ITV4]]. ''(See ITV4 reference below)''</ref><ref name="itv4">[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ITV4&oldid=84421848 "ITV4" article], Wikipedia. Version used dated 2006-10-29, retrieved 2006-11-06.</ref>

Since then, ''The Persuaders'' has enjoyed something of a renaissance both on television and DVD, with the 'rivals' Moore and Curtis reuniting to provide commentaries on the most recent issues. In France, where the series (entitled ''Amicalement Vôtre'') had always been popular, the DVD releases accompanied a monthly magazine of the same name.

===James Bond (1973–1985)===
There are many apocryphal stories as to when Moore's name was first dropped as a possible candidate for the role of James Bond. Some sources, specifically [[Albert R. Broccoli]] from his autobiography ''When The Snow Melts'', claim that Moore was considered for ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'', and that he was [[Ian Fleming]]'s favorite for the role after apparently having seen Moore as [[Simon Templar]] in ''[[The Saint (TV series)|The Saint]]''; however, the series did not begin airing in the United Kingdom until October 4, 1962 {{ndash}} one day before the premiere of ''Dr. No'', although it's possible that the show began filming before or around the film.

Other sources, such as the commentary<ref>"Need Citation"</ref> for the special edition [[DVD]]s, claim that Moore was passed over for Bond in favour of someone who was older. As Moore is older than [[Sean Connery]], this is probably not true. Publicly, Moore was not linked to the role of 007 until 1967, when [[Harry Saltzman]] claimed he would make a good Bond, but also displayed misgivings owing to his popularity as Simon Templar. Nevertheless, Moore was finally cast as James Bond in ''[[Live and Let Die (film)|Live and Let Die]]'' (1973).

Roger Moore's twelve years as James Bond earned him enough popularity (and credibility) among fans of [[detective fiction]] to earn many Bond fans' acceptance, despite the inevitable comparisons to Connery. Moore played Bond in ''[[Live and Let Die (film)|Live and Let Die]]'' (1973); ''[[The Man with the Golden Gun (film)|The Man with the Golden Gun]]'' (1974); ''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (film)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'' (1977); ''[[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]'' (1979); ''[[For Your Eyes Only (film)|For Your Eyes Only]]'' (1981); ''[[Octopussy]]'' (1983) and ''[[A View to a Kill]]'' (1985)

To date, Moore is the longest-serving James Bond actor, having spent twelve years in the role (from his debut in 1973, to his [[retirement]] from the role in 1985), and made seven official films. (Connery also made seven, but his last Bond film, ''[[Never Say Never Again]]'' (1983), was not part of the "official" [[EON Productions]] series.) He is also the oldest actor to play Bond: he was 45 when he debuted, and 58 when he announced his retirement on December 3, 1985. It was agreed by all involved that Moore was too old for the role by that point; he had actually tried to leave the role after ''For Your Eyes Only''.

Moore's James Bond was light-hearted, more so than any other official actor to portray the character. Connery's style, even in its lighter moments, was that of a focused, determined agent. Moore often portrayed 007 as somewhat of a playboy, with tongue firmly in cheek, but also as a very capable and seasoned detective. The humour served Moore and his fans well through most of his Bond tenure.

Although often considered a 'lightweight', owing to never having had a significant stage career or having appeared in serious dramas, Moore can boast a dramatic education at [[RADA]], the prestigious London drama college. However, Moore only attended for six months in 1945. In 2004, Moore was voted 'Best Bond' in a poll and won with a large 62% of votes whilst in late 2008, he also topped another poll on moviefans.com beating new Bond star Daniel Craig with 56% of votes.

It is often overlooked that during Moore's Bond period he starred in 13 other films, including the successful thriller Gold (1974) and even played Chief Inspector Clouseau in The Curse of the Pink Panther (1983). However, most of these films were not critically acclaimed.

===Post-James Bond career and UNICEF (1985–present)===
His post-Bond acting career has been light. In the words of his friend Michael Caine, with whom he co-starred in the unsuccessful ''[[Bullseye!]]'' (1990), "Now he can't get a job."{{Fact|date=February 2009}} At the age of 74, Moore was given the chance to go against type with his portrayal of a flamboyant homosexual (with James Bond characteristics) in ''[[Boat Trip]]'' (2002).

In 1983, his life changed when filming [[Octopussy|his sixth film as James Bond]] in India. Shocked at the poverty in India, he became interested in the [[Third World]] humanitarian effort. His friend [[Audrey Hepburn]] had impressed him with her work for UNICEF, and consequently he became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1991. He was the voice of 'Santa' in the UNICEF cartoon ''[[The Fly Who Loved Me]]''.<ref>[http://www.unicef.org.uk/theflywholovedme/ The Fly Who Loved Me]</ref>

Now in his early eighties, Moore is mainly retired from acting. In a commercial for London's [[London 2012 Olympic bid|2012 Olympic bid]], Moore once again suited up as James Bond. He appeared alongside [[Samantha Bond]], who played [[Miss Moneypenny]] in the Bond films during the [[Pierce Brosnan]] era. He still appears regularly on chat shows, chiefly to promote the work of UNICEF.

On October 11, 2007, (3 days before he turned 80), Moore was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for his work on television and in film. Attending the ceremony were family, friends, and [[Richard Kiel]], whom he had acted with in ''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (film)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'' and ''[[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]''. Moore's Star was the 2,350th star installed, and is appropriately located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iVEzDK99xVldzImafMdKLA9cQOJw AFP: Roger Moore honored with star on 'Walk of Fame&#39]</ref><ref>[http://www.roger-moore.com/etoile-hollywood2007.htm Roger Moore Official Site]</ref>

==Personal life==
Moore left his first wife, skater Doorn Van Steyn, for singer [[Dorothy Squires]], who was several years his senior but was, at that time, considerably more famous than he was, and they lived together for a short time in Dafyn Llanelli, South Wales. In turn, while filming in Italy in 1961, he abandoned Squires (who sued him for attempted reinstatement of [[conjugal rights]]) for actress Luisa Mattioli. He lived with Mattioli until their marriage in 1969, after Squires finally granted Moore a divorce. Moore has a daughter and two sons with Mattioli; his son Geoffrey Moore is also an actor and owns a restaurant in London. Daughter [[Deborah Moore]] made a guest appearance as a flight attendant in ''[[Die Another Day]]''. Again, he unexpectedly ended this marriage in 1993, later marrying former [[Cote d'Azur]] neighbour, the Danish-Swedish multi-millionaire Kristina 'Kiki' Tholstrup.

Moore lived in [[Royal Tunbridge Wells]] for a period after early success in ''The Saint,'' and then moved to [[Surrey]] before relocating to [[Hollywood]]. During filming of ''The Spy Who Loved Me'' "villain" [[Curd Jürgens]] made the offer to Moore to spend some time at his home in [[Gstaad]], which Moore enjoyed having taken up [[skiing]]. When he married Kiki Tholstrup, he set up a routine of spending winters in Gstaad, and summer at his apartment in [[Monaco]]. After 15 years in Gstaad, he now resides in the winter at his chalet in [[Crans-Montana]], [[Valais]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.roger-moore.com/magsuisse-article.htm|title=The Man With The Golden Heart|publisher=Mag Suisse/roger-moore.com|accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref>

Moore was involved in the production of a video for [[PETA]] that protests against the production and wholesale of [[foie gras]]. Moore narrates the video.<ref>http://www.peta.org.uk/feat/RogerMoore.asp</ref>

In 1999, Moore was created a [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE), and a [[Order of the British Empire|Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (KBE) on June 14, 2003. The citation on the knighthood was for Moore's charity work, which has dominated his public life for more than a decade. In perhaps his final riposte to the critics, Moore said that the citation "meant far more to me than if I had got it for acting... I was proud because I received it on behalf of UNICEF as a whole and for all it has achieved over the years".

==Royal Circles==
Moore has a friendship with some of the Danish royals; [[Prince Joachim of Denmark|Prince Joachim]] and his then-wife [[Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg]] invited him and his wife Kiki to attend the christening of their youngest son, [[Prince Felix]].
On May 24, 2008 he and his wife attended the wedding of Prince Joachim and his French fiancée [[Princess Marie of Denmark|Marie Cavallier]]. He is also known to be a friend of H.M. King [[Carl XVI Gustaf]] of [[Sweden]]

==Awards==
'''For his charity work'''
*2008: Dag Hammarskjöld Medal (from the UN)
*2005: UNICEF Snowflake Audrey Hepburn Humanitarian Award
*2003: German Federal Service Cross: for his work battling child traffickers as special representative to UNICEF
*2003: Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
*1999: Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
'''Lifetime achievements awards'''
*2008: Commander of the National Order of Arts and Letters (France)
*2007: Hollywood Walk of Fame
*2002: Monte Carlo TV Festival (Lifetime Achievement Award)
*2001: Lifetime achievement award (Filmfestival,Jamaica)
*1997: Palm Springs film festival, USA, Lifetime Achievement Award
*1995: TELE GATTO (Italian TV; Lifetime Achievement Award)
*1991: GOLDEN CAMERA (German TV; lifetime achievement award)
*1990: BAMBI (Lifetime Achievement Award from the German magazine BUNTE)
'''For his acting'''
*1981: OTTO (Most popular Film Star; from German Magazine BRAVO)
*1980: SATURN Award (Most Popular International Performer)
*1980: GOLDEN GLOBE: World Film Favorite-Male
*1973: BAMBI (shared with Tony Curtis for "The Persuaders", from the German magazine BUNTE)
*1973: BEST ACTOR IN TV, award from the french magazine TELE-7-JOURS, shared with Tony Curtis for "The Persuaders"
*1967: ONDAS-AWARD (Spanish TV for "The Saint")
*1967: OTTO (Most popular TV-star for "The Saint"; from German magazine BRAVO)

==Publications==
Moore wrote a book about the filming of ''Live and Let Die'', based on his diaries. ''Roger Moore as James Bond: Roger Moore's Own Account of Filming Live and Let Die'' was published in London in 1973, by Pan Books. The book includes an acknowledgment to [[Sean Connery]], with whom Moore has been friends for many years: "I would also like to thank Sean Connery – ''with'' whom it would not have been possible."

Moore's [[autobiography]] ''My Word is My Bond'' (ISBN 0061673889) was published by [[HarperCollins|Collins]] in the US in November 2008. It was published in the UK by Michael O'Mara Books Ltd on October 2nd 2008 (ISBN 9781843173182) .<ref>[http://www.roger-moore.com/ Roger Moore's official website]</ref><ref>[http://www.amazon.co.uk/ Amazon UK]</ref>

== Filmography ==

{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" align="center"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1945 in film|1945]] || ''[[Perfect Strangers (1945 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Caesar and Cleopatra (1945 film)|Caesar and Cleopatra]]'' || Roman soldier ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1946 in film|1946]] || ''Gaiety George'' || ||
|-
| ''Piccadilly Incident'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1949 in film|1949]] || ''[[Paper Orchid]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Trottie True'' || ||
|-
| [[1950 in film|1950]] || ''Honeymoon Deferred'' || ||
|-
| [[1951 in film|1951]] || ''[[One Wild Oat]]'' || ||
|-
| [[1954 in film|1954]] || ''[[The Last Time I Saw Paris]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1955 in film|1955]] || ''[[Interrupted Melody]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[The King's Thief]]'' || Jack ||
|-
| [[1956 in film|1956]] || ''[[Diane (film)|Diane]]'' || [[Henry II of France|Prince Henri (later King Henry II)]] ||
|-
| [[1959 in film|1959]] || ''[[The Miracle (1959 film)|The Miracle]]'' || Captain Michael Stuart ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1961 in film|1961]] || ''The Sins of Rachel Cade'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Gold of the Seven Saints]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1962 in film|1962]] || ''Romulus and the Sabines'' || ||
|-
| ''[[No Man's Land]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1968 in film|1968]] || ''[[Vendetta for the Saint]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[The Saint and the Fiction Makers|The Fiction Makers]]'' || ||
|-
| [[1969 in film|1969]] || ''[[Crossplot (film)|Crossplot]]'' || Gary Fenn ||
|-
| [[1970 in film|1970]] || ''[[The Man Who Haunted Himself]]'' || Harold Pelham ||
|-
| [[1973 in film|1973]] || ''[[Live and Let Die (film)|Live and Let Die]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1974 in film|1974]] || ''[[Gold (1974 film)|Gold]]'' || Rod Slater ||
|-
| ''[[The Man with the Golden Gun (film)|The Man with the Golden Gun]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| [[1975 in film|1975]] || ''That Lucky Touch'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4"| [[1976 in film|1976]] || ''London Conspiracy'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sherlock Holmes in New York]]'' || [[Sherlock Holmes]] ||
|-
| ''[[Street People]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Shout at the Devil (film)|Shout at the Devil]]'' || Sebastian Oldsmith ||
|-
| [[1977 in film|1977]] || ''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (film)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| [[1978 in film|1978]] || ''[[The Wild Geese]]'' || Lieutenant Shaun Fynn ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1979 in film|1979]] || ''[[Escape to Athena]]'' || Major Otto Hecht ||
|-
| ''[[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[1980 in film|1980]] || ''[[North Sea Hijack]]'' || Rufus Excalibur ffolkes || Also known as ''[[ffolkes]]''
|-
| ''[[The Sea Wolves]]'' || Captain Gavin Stewart ||
|-
| ''[[Sunday Lovers]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1981 in film|1981]] || ''[[The Cannonball Run (film)|The Cannonball Run]]'' || Seymour Goldfarb ||
|-
| ''[[For Your Eyes Only (film)|For Your Eyes Only]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1983 in film|1983]] || ''[[Octopussy]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| ''[[Curse of the Pink Panther]]'' || Chief Insp. Jacques Clouseau ||
|-
| [[1984 in film|1984]] || ''[[The Naked Face]]'' || ||
|-
| [[1985 in film|1985]] || ''[[A View to a Kill]]'' || [[James Bond]] ||
|-
| [[1987 in film|1987]] || ''The Magic Snowman'' || || Voice
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1990 in film|1990]] || ''[[Fire, Ice and Dynamite]]'' || Sir George Windsor ||
|-
| ''[[Bullseye!]]'' || ||
|-
| [[1992 in film|1992]] || ''Bed and Breakfast'' || ||
|-
| [[1994 in film|1994]] || ''[[The Man Who Wouldn't Die]]'' || || TV
|-
| [[1996 in film|1996]] || ''[[The Quest (film)|The Quest]]'' || Lord Edgar Dobbs ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1997 in film|1997]] || ''[[The Saint (film)|The Saint]]'' || Radio Announcer Voice ||
|-
| ''[[Spiceworld (film)|Spice World]]'' || The Chief ||
|-
| [[2001 in film|2001]] || ''[[The Enemy (2001 film)|The Enemy]]'' || ||
|-
| [[2002 in film|2002]] || ''Na Svoji Vesni'' || ||
|-
| [[2003 in film|2003]] || ''[[Boat Trip]]'' || Lloyd Faversham ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[2005 in film|2005]] || ''Charles Lindbergh: The True Story'' || || Documentary, Narrator
|-
| ''[[Here Comes Peter Cottontail: The Movie]]'' || January Q. Irontail || Voice, Direct-to-DVD
|-
| [[2008 in film|2008]] || ''[[Agent Crush]]'' || Burt Gasket || Voice
|}

===Criticism===
Moore has had, and continues to have, an enormous fanbase worldwide, particularly in Western Europe and in the USA, and, as James Bond, was undeniably one of the film world's top box office stars for most of the 1970s. However, those fans of his from outside the UK have often been disappointed to find that, in Britain, he is not critically respected.<ref>http://roger-moore.com/nouvelle-zelande2008.htm</ref>

He has been somewhat unpopular with critics, who have often derided his acting as limited and wooden. In the ''[[New York Times]]'' of 29 December 1974, [[Vincent Canby]] sarcastically wrote that he hereby awarded Moore "the Kabuki Acting Award… in recognition of the manner in which he has reduced all human emotions to a series of variations on one gesture, the raising of the right eyebrow." And in ''The Good Film And Video Guide'' (published 1986), David Shipman wrote of ''A View to a Kill'' that Moore as James Bond was "not so much like a piece of plastic, as something embalmed but moving." [[John Brosnan]], who with his 1972 book, ''James Bond In The Cinema'', became the first writer to seriously consider the phenomenon of the Bond movies in themselves, as opposed to [[Ian Fleming|the books]], consistently urged Broccoli to replace Moore, writing in his review of ''[[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]'' in ''[[Starburst]]'' magazine that he was "plastic...more James Bland than James Bond."<ref> Black, Jeremy ''The Politics of James Bond: From Fleming's Novels to the Big Screen'' (2005)</ref>

The satirical British TV show ''[[Spitting Image]]'' once had a sketch in which their [[latex]] likeness of Moore, when asked to display emotions by an offscreen director, does nothing but raise an eyebrow. Moore himself has stated that he thought the sketch was funny, and took it in good humour. Indeed, he had always embraced the 'eyebrows' gag wholeheartedly, slyly claiming that he "only had three expressions as Bond: right eyebrow raised, left eyebrow raised and eyebrows crossed when grabbed by [[Jaws (James Bond)|Jaws]]." ''Spitting Image'' continued the joke, featuring a Bond movie spoof, ''The Man with the Wooden Delivery'', with Moore's puppet receiving orders from [[Margaret Thatcher]] to kill [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], and many other comedy shows of that time ridiculed Moore's acting, [[Rory Bremner]] once claiming to have had a death threat from an irate fan of Moore's, following one such routine.<ref> Bremner, Rory ''Beware of Imitations'' (1999)</ref>

When Moore was made the subject of an edition of the [[BBC1]] series ''[[Best Of British]]'' on 22nd October 1999, the review in ''[[Time Out]]'' stated he should not have been included, due to being "second-rate". Similarly, reviewing the programme in ''[[The Stage]]'', comedy writer [[Harry Venning]] wrote that, while he personally enjoyed ''[[The Saint]]'' and ''[[The Persuaders]]'', and "although he (Moore) certainly holds a place in the nation's affection it would be hard to think of anything he has ever been best at.....his movie career has been largely undistinguished, and there is more chance of finding Glenn Miller's plane than anyone who thinks Moore was the definitive James Bond. I suspect we love him because of his limitations, rather than despite them."<ref> Venning, Harry "Flashback thriller was a shock to the system", ''The Stage'', 28 October 1999</ref>

He decided to become a [[tax exile]] when Labour was returned to power in 1974, and has lived abroad ever since. However, in December 2007, he joined a protest in [[Bristol]] organised by the [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[Unite (trade union)|Unite]] trade union against the closure of a nearby [[Cadbury plc|Cadbury]] chocolate factory.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=News January/February 2008: Cadbury's Crazy closure challenged |url=http://www.tgwu.org.uk/Templates/Journal.asp?NodeID=94048&int1stParentNodeID=42469&int2ndParentNodeID=89440 |work=T&G Record |publisher=[[Transport and General Workers' Union]] |date=23 January 2008 |accessdate=2008-05-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Henry |last=Deedes |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Pandora: Comrade Moore joins the fight |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20071213/ai_n21154642 |work=[[The Independent]] |publisher= |date=December 13, 2007 |accessdate=2008-05-13 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.roger-moore.com/ Official website] - contains articles on Roger's work with UNICEF as well as his entertainment career
*[http://obr.lh.pl/sirrogermoore/ Sir Roger Moore - A Fan Site (since 2002)]
*{{imdb name|id=0000549|name=Roger Moore}}
*{{tvtome person|id=38416|name=Roger Moore}}
*[http://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/1021-EXCLUSIVE!-CINEMA-RETRO-ATTENDS-SURPRISE-BIRTHDAY-PARTY-FOR-SIR-ROGER-MOORE.html Cinema Retro attends surprise 80th birthday party for Sir Roger Moore]
*[http://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/2579-SIR-ROGER-MOORE-RECEIVES-THE-CINEMA-RETRO-ACHIEVEMENT-AWARD-AT-PINEWOOD-STUDIOS-SPY-WHO-LOVED-ME-REUNION-EVENT.html Sir Roger Moore receives lifetime achievement award at Pinewood Studios Spy Who Loved Me Reunion event]
*[http://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/2630-SIR-ROGER-MOORE-TRIBUTE-AT-THE-PLAYERS-CLUB-NEW-YORK-CITY.html Sir Roger Moore Inducted Into the Legendary Players Club, New York City]
*[http://www.lettersonpages.com/2008/12/my-word-is-my-bond-by-roger-moore/ Review of ''My Word Is My Bond'' at Letters On Pages]

{{James Bond actors}}



{{Persondata
|NAME= Moore, Roger
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Moore, Roger George
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Actor
|DATE OF BIRTH= 1927-10-14
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Stockwell]], London, England
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{Lifetime|1927|LIVING|Moore, Roger}}
[[Category:Actors awarded British knighthoods]]
[[Category:English film actors]]
[[Category:English stage actors]]
[[Category:English television actors]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:People from Stockwell]]
[[Category:Royal Army Service Corps officers]]
[[Category:English humanitarians]]

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[[bg:Роджър Мур]]
[[ca:Roger Moore]]
[[cs:Roger Moore]]
[[cy:Roger Moore]]
[[da:Roger Moore]]
[[de:Roger Moore]]
[[et:Roger Moore]]
[[es:Roger Moore]]
[[eo:Roger Moore]]
[[fr:Roger Moore]]
[[hr:Roger Moore]]
[[id:Roger Moore]]
[[it:Roger Moore]]
[[he:רוג'ר מור]]
[[sw:Roger Moore]]
[[lt:Roger Moore]]
[[hu:Roger Moore]]
[[nl:Roger Moore]]
[[ja:ロジャー・ムーア]]
[[no:Roger Moore]]
[[pl:Roger Moore]]
[[pt:Roger Moore]]
[[ro:Roger Moore]]
[[ru:Мур, Роджер]]
[[sq:Roger Moore]]
[[simple:Roger Moore]]
[[sr:Роџер Мур]]
[[sh:Roger Moore]]
[[fi:Roger Moore]]
[[sv:Roger Moore]]
[[th:โรเจอร์ มัวร์]]
[[tr:Roger Moore]]
[[zh:罗杰·摩尔]]

December 15

2009-08-25T10:16:52Z

122.163.118.148: /* Births */

{{pp-move-indef}}
{{DecemberCalendar|float=right}}
{{ThisDateInRecentYears|Month=December|Day=15}}
{{Day}}

==Events==
*[[533]] – [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] general [[Belisarius]] defeats the [[Vandals]], commanded by King [[Gelimer]], at the [[Battle of Ticameron]].
*[[1167]] – Sicilian chancellor [[Stephen du Perche]] moves the royal court to [[Messina]] to prevent a rebellion.
*[[1256]] – [[Hulagu Khan]] captures and destroys the [[Hashshashin]] stronghold at [[Alamut]] in present-day [[Iran]] as part of the [[Mongol]] offensive on Islamic southwest Asia.
*[[1467]] – [[Stephen III of Moldavia]] defeats [[Matthias Corvinus of Hungary]], with the latter being injured thrice, at the ''[[Battle of Baia]]''.
*[[1791]] – The [[United States Bill of Rights]] becomes law when ratified by the [[Virginia General Assembly]].
*[[1863]] – In [[Romania]] the [[mountain railway]] from [[Anina]] to [[Oravita]] is used for the first time.
*[[1864]] – In the [[Battle of Nashville]], Union forces under [[George H. Thomas]] almost completely destroy the [[Army of Tennessee]] under [[John B. Hood]].
*[[1868]] – [[Shogunate]] rebels found [[Ezo Republic]] in [[Hokkaidō]].
*[[1891]] – [[James Naismith]] introduces the first version of [[basketball]], with thirteen rules, a peach basket nailed to either end of his school's gymnasium, and two teams of nine players.
*[[1905]] – The [[Pushkin House]] is established in [[St. Petersburg]] to preserve the cultural heritage of [[Alexander Pushkin]]
*[[1906]] – The [[London Underground]]'s [[Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway]] opens.
*[[1913]] – [[Nicaragua]] becomes a signatory to the [[Buenos Aires Convention|Buenos Aires]] [[copyright]] [[treaty]].
*[[1914]] – [[World War I]]: The [[Serbian Army]] recaptures [[Belgrade]] from the invading [[Austro-Hungarian Army]].
* 1914 – A gas explosion at [[Mitsubishi]] Hojyo coal mine, [[Kyūshū]], [[Japan]], kills 687. This accident is the worst coal mine disaster in Japanese history.
*[[1915]] – World War I: [[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig]] replaces [[John French, 1st Earl of Ypres]] as [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War I)|British Expeditionary Force]].
*[[1917]] – World War I: An armistice is reached between the new [[Bolshevik]] government and the [[Central Powers]].
*[[1939]] – ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' received its première at [[Loew's Grand Theatre|Loew's Grand Theater]] in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], USA.
*[[1941]] – [[Holocaust]]: In a -15 degrees Celsius temperature, [[Nazi Germany|German]] troops execute over 15,000 [[Jews]] at [[Drobitsky Yar]], a ravine southeast of the city of [[Kharkiv]], [[Ukraine]].
*[[1941]] – The [[American Federation of Labor]] adopts a no-strike policy in war industries.
*[[1942]] – The [[Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse]] begins during the [[Guadalcanal campaign]].
*[[1945]] – [[Occupation of Japan]]: General [[Douglas MacArthur]] orders that [[Shinto]] be abolished as state religion of [[Japan]].
*[[1954]] – The [[Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands]] was signed.
*[[1955]] – [[Jens Olsen's World Clock]] started by Swedish King [[Frederick IX]] and Jens Olsen's youngest grandchild Birgit.
*[[1960]] – King [[Baudouin of Belgium]] marries [[Queen Fabiola of Belgium|Fabiola Fernanda María de las Victorias Antonia Adelaida de Mora y Aragón]] in [[Brussels]].
* 1960 – [[Richard Paul Pavlick]] is arrested for attempting to blow up and assassinate the U.S. President-Elect, [[John F. Kennedy]] only four days earlier.
*[[1961]] – In [[Jerusalem]], [[Adolph Eichmann]] is sentenced to death after being found guilty of 15 criminal charges, including charges of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people and membership of an outlawed organization.
*[[1965]] – [[Gemini program]]: [[Gemini 6A]], crewed by [[Wally Schirra]] and [[Thomas Patten Stafford|Thomas Stafford]], is launched from [[Cape Canaveral|Cape Kennedy]], [[Florida]]. Four orbits later, it achieved the first [[space rendezvous]] with [[Gemini 7]].
*[[1967]] – The [[Silver Bridge (bridge)|Silver Bridge]] collapses, killing 46 people.
*[[1970]] – The [[Illinois State Constitution]] is adopted at a special election.
* 1970 – [[South Korean]] ferry ''Namyong Ho'' capsizes off [[Korean Strait]] and 308 killed.
*[[1973]] – [[John Paul Getty III]], grandson of American billionaire [[J. Paul Getty]], is found alive near [[Naples, Italy]], after being kidnapped by an Italian gang on July 10, 1973.
*[[1976]] – [[Samoa]] becomes a member of the [[UN]].
*[[1978]] – [[President]] [[Jimmy Carter]] announces that the [[United States]] will recognize the [[People's Republic of China]] and cut off all relations with [[Taiwan]]
*[[1993]] – [[History of Northern Ireland]]: The [[Downing Street Declaration]] is issued by British [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[John Major]] and Irish [[Taoiseach]] [[Albert Reynolds]].
*[[1994]] – [[Palau]] becomes a member of the UN.
*[[1997]] – A chartered [[Tupolev]] TU-154 from [[Tajikistan]] crashes in the desert near Sharja, [[United Arab Emirates]] airport killing 85.
*[[1997]] – The [[Treaty of Bangkok]] is signed allowing the transformation of [[Southeast Asia]] into a [[Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone]].
*[[2000]] – the 3rd reactor at the [[Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]] is shut down due to foreign political pressure. the whole plant is now shut down, and the decommissioning process can begin completely.
*[[2001]] – The [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]] reopens after 11 years and $27,000,000 to fortify it, without fixing its famous lean.
*[[2002]] – The [[Capital Center]] (formerly [[US Airways Arena]]) is demolished.
*[[2005]] – [[Latvia]] amends its [[Constitution of Latvia|constitution]] to eliminate possibility of same-sex couples being entitled to [[Same-sex marriage|marry]].
* 2005 – [[Argentina]]'s president [[Néstor Kirchner]] announces the early repayment of its external debt to the [[IMF]].
* 2005 – Introduction of the [[F-22 Raptor]] into [[USAF]] active service.
* 2005 – The [[2005 Atlantic Power Outage]] began.
*[[2006]] – First flight of the [[F-35 Lightning II]].

==Births==
* [[37]] – [[Nero]], Roman Emperor of the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]] (d. 68)
*[[1832]] – [[Gustave Eiffel]], French engineer and architect ([[Eiffel tower]]) (d. 1923)
*[[1852]] – [[Henri Becquerel]], French physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] (d. 1908)
*[[1859]] – [[L. L. Zamenhof]], Polish initiator of [[Esperanto]] (d. 1917)
*[[1860]] – [[Niels Ryberg Finsen]], Danish physician, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel laureate]] (d. 1904)
* 1860 – [[Abner Powell]], American baseball player (d. 1953)
*[[1861]] – [[Charles Duryea]], American automobile pioneer (d. 1938)
* 1861 – [[Pehr Evind Svinhufvud]], Finnish politician (d. 1944)
*[[1875]] – [[Emilio Jacinto]], Filipino poet and revolutionary (d. 1899)
*[[1878]] – [[Hans Carossa]], German writer (d. 1956)
*[[1885]] – [[Leonid Pitamic]], Slovenian philosopher (d. 1971)
*[[1888]] – [[Maxwell Anderson]], American writer (d. 1959)
*[[1892]] – [[J. Paul Getty]], American oil tycoon (d. 1976)
*[[1896]] – [[Betty Smith]], American author (d. 1972)
*[[1899]] – [[Harold Abrahams]], English sprinter (d. 1978)
*[[1902]] – [[Robert F. Bradford]], 57th [[Governor of Massachusetts]] (d. 1983)
*[[1907]] – [[Oscar Niemeyer]], Brazilian architect
*[[1910]] – [[John H. Hammond]], American musician (d. 1987)
*[[1911]] – [[Nicholas P. Dallis]], American psychiatrist and comic strip writer (d. 1991)
* 1911 – [[Stan Kenton]], American musician (d. 1979)
*[[1912]] – [[Ray Eames]], American designer (d. 1988)
*[[1913]] – [[Roger Gaudry]], French Canadian chemist, businessman and corporate director (d. 2001)
* 1913 – [[Muriel Rukeyser]], American poet (d. 1980)
*[[1916]] – [[Buddy Cole (musician)|Buddy Cole]], American pianist (d. 1964)
* 1916 – [[Maurice Wilkins]], New Zealand-born physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel laureate]] (d. 2004)
*[[1917]] – [[Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee]], linguist and writer of Pakistan (d. 2005)
*[[1918]] – [[Jeff Chandler (actor)|Jeff Chandler]], American actor (d. 1961)
*[[1919]] – [[Max Yasgur]], owner of the Woodstock Festival site (d. 1973)
*[[1920]] – [[Kurt Schaffenberger]], American comics artist (d. 2002)
*[[1921]] – [[Alan Freed]], American disc jockey (d. 1965)
* 1921 – [[Bob Todd]], British comedian (d. 1992)
*[[1923]] – [[Freeman Dyson]], English-born American physicist
* 1923 – [[Uziel Gal]], Israeli firearm designer (d. 2002)
* 1923 – [[Valentin Varennikov]], Russian general and statesman
*[[1925]] – [[Sam Pollock]], Canadian ice hockey general manager
* 1925 – [[Kasey Rogers]], American actress (d. 2006)
*[[1928]] – [[Friedensreich Hundertwasser]], Austrian artist (d. 2000)
* 1928 – [[Jerry Wallace]], American singer (d. 2008)
*[[1929]] – [[Barry Harris]], American bebop jazz pianist
*[[1930]] – [[Edna O'Brien]], Irish novelist and short story writer
*[[1932]] – [[Jesse Belvin]], American musician (d. 1960)
*[[1933]] – [[Bapu (artist)|Bapu]], Indian cartoonist, designer and film director
* 1933 – [[Tim Conway]], American actor and comedian
* 1933 – [[Donald Woods]], South African journalist and anti-apartheid activist (d. 2001)
*[[1938]] – [[Billy Shaw]], American football player
*[[1939]] – [[Cindy Birdsong]], American singer ([[The Supremes]])
*[[1940]] – [[Nick Buoniconti]], American football player
*[[1942]] – [[Dave Clark (musician)|Dave Clark]], English musician ([[The Dave Clark Five]])
*[[1943]] – [[Kathleen Blanco]], American politician
* 1943 – [[Lucien den Arend]], Dutch artist
*[[1944]] – [[Jim Leyland]], American baseball manager
* 1944 – [[Chico Mendes]], Brazilian campaigner (d. 1988)
*[[1945]] – [[Thaao Penghlis]], Australian actor
*[[1946]] – [[Art Howe]], American baseball player and manager
* 1946 – [[Carmine Appice]], American musician ([[Vanilla Fudge]])
*[[1947]] – [[Rodney Bingenheimer]], Pioneering American [[radio personality]]
*[[1948]] – [[Melanie Chartoff]], American actress
*[[1948]] – [[Cassandra Harris]], Australian actress (d. 1991)
*[[1949]] – [[Don Johnson]], American actor
*[[1952]] – [[Allan Simonsen]], Danish footballer
*[[1952]] – [[Rudi Protrudi]], American musician ([[The Fuzztones]])
* 1952 – [[Julie Taymor]], American director
*[[1953]] – [[J. M. DeMatteis]], American comic book writer
*[[1954]] – [[Mark Warner]], American politician
*[[1955]] – [[Paul Simonon]], English bassist ([[The Clash]])
*[[1957]] – [[Mario Marois]], Canadian ice hockey player
* 1957 – [[Mike McAlary]], American journalist (d. 1998)
* 1957 – [[Yuuichi Nagashima]], Japanese voice actor
* 1957 – [[Laura Molina]], American artist, musician and actress
*[[1958]] – [[Eddy Annys]], Belgian high jumper
*[[1960]] – [[Walter Werzowa]], Austrian composer
*[[1961]] – [[Karin Resetarits]], Austrian journalist
*[[1963]] – [[Andrew Luster]], [[Max Factor]] heir
* 1963 – [[Helen Slater]], American actress
*[[1966]] – [[Manos Papayiannis]], Greek fashion model and actor
* 1966 – [[Molly Price]], American actress
* 1966 – [[Carl Hooper]], former West Indian cricket player and captain
*[[1967]] – [[David Howells]], English footballer
* 1967 – [[Mo Vaughn]], American baseball player
*[[1968]] – [[Javid Hussain]], Indian film producer
* 1968 – [[Osama Ali Maher]], Swedish politician
* 1968 – [[Garrett Wang]], American actor
*[[1969]] – [[Chantal Petitclerc]], Canadian wheelchair athlete
*[[1970]] – [[Frankie Dettori]], Italian jockey
* 1970 – [[Michael Shanks]], Canadian actor
* 1971 – [[Arne Quinze]], Belgian conceptual artist
*[[1972]] – [[Rodney Harrison]], American football player
* 1972 – [[Stuart Townsend]], Irish actor
*[[1973]] – [[Surya Bonaly]], French-born American figure skater
* 1973 – [[Ryu Seung-wan]], South Korean actor and director
*[[1976]] – [[Baichung Bhutia]], Indian footballer
* 1976 – [[Aaron Miles]], American baseball player
* 1976 – [[Elix Skipper]], American professional wrestler
*[[1977]] – [[Dave Mackintosh]], Scottish Drummer ([[Dragonforce]])
* 1977 – [[Geoff Stults]], American actor
*[[1978]] – [[Mark Jansen]], Dutch guitarist ([[Epica (band)|Epica]])
* 1978 – [[Jerome McDougle]], American football player
*[[1979]] – [[Adam Brody]], American actor
* 1979 – [[Eric Young (wrestler)|Eric Young]], Canadian professional wrestler
*[[1980]] – [[Sergio Pizzorno]], English guitarist ([[Kasabian]])
*[[1981]] – [[Najoua Belyzel]], French singer
* 1981 – [[Brendan Fletcher]], Canadian actor
* 1981 – [[Andy González]], Puerto Rican baseball player
* 1981 – [[Thomas Herrion]], American football player (d. 2005)
* 1981 – [[Creighton Lovelace]], American Baptist minister
* 1981 – [[Roman Pavlyuchenko]], Russian footballer
* 1981 – [[Michelle Dockery]], British actress
*[[1982]] – [[Charlie Cox]], English actor
* 1982 – [[Borja García]], Spanish racing driver
* 1982 – [[George O. Gore II]], American actor
*[[1983]] – [[René Goguen|René Goguen (René Duprée)]], Canadian professional wrestler
*[[1983]] – [[Delon Armitage]], England Rugby Player,
*[[1983]] – [[Wang Hao (table tennis)|Wang Hao]], Chinese table tennis player
*[[1984]] – [[Joshua Third]], British Guitarist in [[The Horrors]].
*[[1984]] – [[Martin Skrtel]] Slovakian Footballer
*[[1986]] – [[Snejana Onopka]], Ukrainian supermodel
* 1986 – [[Xiah]], South Korean singer [[TVXQ]]
*[[1991]] – [[Eunice Cho]], American actress


==Deaths==
*[[1025]] – [[Basil II]], [[Byzantine Emperor]] (b. 958)
*[[1072]] – [[Alp Arslan]], Turkish sultan in Persia (b. 1029)
*[[1230]] – King [[Otakar I of Bohemia]] (b. 1155)
*[[1263]] – King [[Haakon IV of Norway]] (b. 1204)
*[[1598]] – [[Philips van Marnix, lord of Sint-Aldegonde]], Dutch writer and statesman (b. 1538)
*[[1621]] – [[Charles de Luynes]], Constable of France (b. 1578)
*[[1673]] – [[Margaret Cavendish]], English writer (b. 1623)
*[[1675]] – [[Johannes Vermeer]], Dutch painter (b. 1632)
*[[1683]] – [[Izaak Walton]], English writer (b. 1593)
*[[1688]] – [[Gaspar Fagel]], Dutch statesman (b. 1634)
*[[1715]] – [[George Hickes]], English minister and scholar (b. 1642)
*[[1753]] – [[Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington]], English architect (b. 1694)
*[[1792]] – [[Joseph Martin Kraus]], Swedish composer (b. 1756)
*[[1855]] – [[Jacques Charles François Sturm]], French mathematician (b. 1803)
*[[1890]] – [[Sitting Bull]], Sioux nation leader (b. c. 1831)
*[[1943]] – [[Fats Waller]], American musician (b. 1904)
*[[1944]] – [[Glenn Miller]], American musician (legal date of death, exact date unknown) (b. 1904)
*[[1947]] – [[Arthur Machen]], Welsh author (b. 1863)
*[[1950]] – [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]], Indian political leader, ''Iron Man of India'' (b. 1875)
*[[1958]] – [[Wolfgang Ernst Pauli]], Austrian-born American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] (b. 1900)
*[[1962]] – [[Charles Laughton]], English actor (b. 1899)
*[[1966]] – [[Walt Disney]], American animator (b. 1901)
*[[1968]] – [[Antonio Barrette]], Canadian politician, [[list of Quebec premiers|premier of Quebec]] (b. 1899)
* 1968 – [[Jess Willard]], American boxer (b. 1881)
*[[1971]] – [[Paul Pierre Lévy]], French mathematician (b. 1886)
*[[1974]] – [[Anatole Litvak]], Ukrainian-born screenwriter and film producer (b. 1902)
*[[1977]] – [[Wilfred Kitching]], the 7th General of [[The Salvation Army]] (b. 1893)
*[[1978]] – [[Chill Wills]], American actor (b. 1903)
*[[1984]] – [[Lennard Pearce]], English actor (b. 1915)
* 1984 – [[Jan Peerce]], American tenor (b. 1904)
*[[1985]] – [[Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]], 1st Prime Minister of [[Mauritius]] (b. 1900)
*[[1989]] – [[Arnold Moss]], American actor (b. 1910)
* 1989 – [[Edward Underdown]], English actor (b. 1908)
*[[1991]] – [[Vasily Grigoryevich Zaitsev]], Soviet sniper (b. 1915)
*[[2001]] – [[Russ Haas]], American professional wrestler (b. 1974)
* 2001 – [[Rufus Thomas]], American musician (b. 1917)
*[[2003]] – [[George Fisher (cartoonist)|George Fisher]], American political cartoonist (b. 1923)
* 2003 – [[Keith Magnuson]], Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1947)
*[[2004]] – [[Pauline LaFon Gore|Pauline Gore]], mother of [[Al Gore]] (b. 1912)
* 2004 – [[Vassal Gadoengin]], Nauruan politician (b. 1943)
*[[2005]] – [[Heinrich Gross]], Austrian physician (b. 1914)
* 2005 – [[Stan Leonard]], Canadian golfer (b. 1915)
* 2005 – [[William Proxmire]], U.S. Senator from Wisconsin (b. 1915)
* 2005 – [[Darrell Russell (football player)|Darrell Russell]], American football player (b. 1976)
*[[2006]] – [[Clay Regazzoni]], Swiss [[Formula One]] driver (b. 1939)
*[[2007]] – [[John Berg (actor)|John Berg]], American actor (b. 1949)
* 2007 – [[Julia Carson]], U.S. Congresswoman from Indiana (b. 1938)
*[[2008]] – [[León Febres Cordero]], Ecuador's former President (b. 1931)


==Holidays and observances==
*[[Roman festivals]] – [[Consualia]] in honor of [[Consus]] is held.
*[[Calendar of Saints|Roman Catholic Saints]] – [[St. Valerian (Abbenza)|St. Valerian]]; [[Saint Nino]]; [[Drostan|Saint Drostan]]; [[Saint Virginia Centurione]], [[Saint Mesmin]]; [[Maria Crocifissa di Rosa|Saint Maria Crocifissa di Rosa]]
*[[United States Bill of Rights#Display and honoring of the Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights Day]] – honors the [[United States Bill of Rights]] on the anniversary of its ratification
*[[Occupation of the Channel Islands#Legacy|Homecoming Day]] – celebrates the return of evacuated citizens to [[Alderney]] after [[World War II]].
*[[Koninkrijksdag|Kingdom Day]] – commemorates the signing of the [[Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands]] in [[1954]].
*[[Zamenhof Day]] – celebrated in the [[Esperanto]] movement in honor of [[L. L. Zamenhof]], the creator of Esperanto.

==External links==
{{commons}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/15 BBC: On This Day]
* {{NYT On this day|month=12|day=15}}
* [http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Dec&day=15 On This Day in Canada]
----
{{months}}

[[Category:Days of the year]]
[[Category:December]]

[[af:15 Desember]]
[[ar:15 ديسمبر]]
[[an:15 d'abiento]]
[[frp:15 dècembro]]
[[ast:15 d'avientu]]
[[az:15 dekabr]]
[[bn:ডিসেম্বর ১৫]]
[[zh-min-nan:12 goe̍h 15 ji̍t]]
[[be:15 снежня]]
[[be-x-old:15 сьнежня]]
[[bs:15. decembar]]
[[br:15 Kerzu]]
[[bg:15 декември]]
[[ca:15 de desembre]]
[[cv:Раштав, 15]]
[[ceb:Disyembre 15]]
[[cs:15. prosinec]]
[[co:15 di decembre]]
[[cy:15 Rhagfyr]]
[[da:15. december]]
[[de:15. Dezember]]
[[et:15. detsember]]
[[el:15 Δεκεμβρίου]]
[[myv:Ацамковонь 15 чи]]
[[es:15 de diciembre]]
[[eo:15-a de decembro]]
[[eu:Abenduaren 15]]
[[fa:۱۵ دسامبر]]
[[hif:15 December]]
[[fo:15. desember]]
[[fr:15 décembre]]
[[fy:15 desimber]]
[[fur:15 di Dicembar]]
[[ga:15 Nollaig]]
[[gv:15 Mee ny Nollick]]
[[gd:15 an Dùbhlachd]]
[[gl:15 de decembro]]
[[gan:12月15號]]
[[ko:12월 15일]]
[[hy:Դեկտեմբերի 15]]
[[hi:१५ दिसंबर]]
[[hr:15. prosinca]]
[[io:15 di decembro]]
[[bpy:ডিসেম্বর ১৫]]
[[id:15 Desember]]
[[ia:15 de decembre]]
[[is:15. desember]]
[[it:15 dicembre]]
[[he:15 בדצמבר]]
[[jv:15 Desember]]
[[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧೫]]
[[pam:Disiembri 15]]
[[ka:15 დეკემბერი]]
[[csb:15 gòdnika]]
[[kk:Желтоқсанның 15]]
[[sw:15 Desemba]]
[[ht:15 desanm]]
[[ku:15'ê berfanbarê]]
[[la:15 Decembris]]
[[lv:15. decembris]]
[[lb:15. Dezember]]
[[lt:Gruodžio 15]]
[[lmo:15 12]]
[[hu:December 15.]]
[[mk:15 декември]]
[[ml:ഡിസംബര്‍ 15]]
[[mr:डिसेंबर १५]]
[[arz:15 ديسمبر]]
[[ms:15 Disember]]
[[nah:Tlamahtlācōnti 15]]
[[nl:15 december]]
[[nds-nl:15 december]]
[[ja:12月15日]]
[[nap:15 'e dicembre]]
[[no:15. desember]]
[[nn:15. desember]]
[[nrm:15 Dézembre]]
[[nov:15 de desembre]]
[[oc:15 de decembre]]
[[uz:15-dekabr]]
[[pag:December 15]]
[[nds:15. Dezember]]
[[pl:15 grudnia]]
[[pt:15 de dezembro]]
[[ksh:15. Dezemmber]]
[[ro:15 decembrie]]
[[ru:15 декабря]]
[[sah:Ахсынньы 15]]
[[se:Juovlamánu 15.]]
[[sco:15 December]]
[[sq:15 Dhjetor]]
[[scn:15 di dicèmmiru]]
[[simple:December 15]]
[[sk:15. december]]
[[sl:15. december]]
[[sr:15. децембар]]
[[sh:15.12.]]
[[su:15 Désémber]]
[[fi:15. joulukuuta]]
[[sv:15 december]]
[[tl:Disyembre 15]]
[[ta:டிசம்பர் 15]]
[[tt:15. Dekäber]]
[[te:డిసెంబర్ 15]]
[[th:15 ธันวาคม]]
[[tg:15 декабр]]
[[tr:15 Aralık]]
[[tk:15 dekabr]]
[[uk:15 грудня]]
[[vec:15 de diçenbre]]
[[vi:15 tháng 12]]
[[vo:Dekul 15]]
[[fiu-vro:15. joulukuu päiv]]
[[wa:15 di decimbe]]
[[vls:15 december]]
[[war:Disyembre 15]]
[[wuu:12月15号]]
[[yo:15 December]]
[[zh-yue:12月15號]]
[[bat-smg:Groudė 15]]
[[zh:12月15日]]
[[mhr:15 чатлама]]