Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

December 32

2023-12-19T15:29:35Z

134.249.65.5:

'''December 32''' may refer to:
* [[December 31]], the last day of December
* ''[[32 dicembre]]'', a 1988 Italian comedy film by Luciano De Crescenzo
* ''December 32'', an album by [[Byul]], or its title song
* ''32 Décembre'', a volume of ''The Dormant Beast'' by [[Enki Bilal]]
* December 32, the date of Hogswatchnight in ''[[Hogfather]]'' by Terry Pratchett
* ''[[32nd December Love Error]]''([[:th:32 ธันวา]]), a 2009 Thai film
* Official date of [[LearAvia Lear Fan]] first flight in 1980.

==See also==
* [[List of non-standard dates]]

{{disambiguation}}
[[Category:Date and time disambiguation pages]]

EgyptAir Flight 804

2023-05-30T20:22:07Z

134.249.65.5: /* Passengers and crew */ Flags

{{short description|2016 airline accident}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name = EgyptAir Flight 804
| image = SU-GCC_01-23-16.png
| image_upright = 1.1
| alt =
| caption = SU-GCC, the aircraft involved, seen in January 2016
| occurrence_type = Accident
| date = {{Start date|2016|05|19|df=y}}
| summary = Cockpit fire caused by an oxygen leak combustion ignited by pilot's cigarette<ref>{{cite web|title=Pilot smoking cigarette caused 2016 EgyptAir crash: Report|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/28/cigarette-smoke-responsible-for-egyptair-ms804-crash-report/|newspaper=Al Jazeera English|access-date=29 April 2022|date=28 April 2022}}</ref>
| site = [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| coordinates = {{coord|33.6757|28.7924|dim:1000km_type:event|display=title,inline}}{{efn|Last known location}}<ref>{{cite tweet |user=Flightradar24 |number=733167077255712768 |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2016 |title=Our last recorded point of contact with #MS804 is 33.6757, 28.7924 at 36,975 feet. }}</ref>
| aircraft_type = [[Airbus A320-232]]
| aircraft_name =
| operator = [[EgyptAir]]
| IATA = MS804
| ICAO = MSR804
| callsign = EGYPT AIR 804
| tail_number = SU-GCC
| origin = [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]], Paris, France
| destination = [[Cairo International Airport]], Cairo, Egypt
| occupants = 66
| passengers = 56
| crew = 10
| fatalities = 66
| survivors = 0
}}

'''EgyptAir Flight 804''' was a regularly scheduled international passenger flight from [[Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport]] to [[Cairo International Airport]], operated by [[EgyptAir]]. On 19 May 2016 at 02:33{{nbsp}}[[Egypt Standard Time]] ([[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]), the Airbus A320 crashed into the [[Mediterranean Sea]], killing all 56 passengers, 3 security personnel, and 7 crew members on board.

No [[Mayday|mayday call]] was received by [[air traffic control]], although signals that smoke had been detected in one of the aircraft's [[Aircraft lavatory|lavatories]] and in the [[avionics]] bay were automatically transmitted via [[Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System|ACARS]] shortly before the aircraft disappeared from radar. The last communications from the aircraft prior to its submersion were two transmissions from its emergency locator transmitter that were received by the [[International Cospas-Sarsat Programme]]. Debris from the aircraft was found in the Mediterranean Sea approximately {{convert|290|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of [[Alexandria]]. Nearly four weeks after the crash, several main sections of wreckage were identified on the seabed, and both [[flight recorder]]s were recovered in a multinational search and recovery operation. On 29 June, Egyptian officials announced that the flight data recorder data indicated smoke in the aircraft, and that soot plus damage from high temperatures was found on some of the wreckage from the front section of the aircraft.<ref name="cnn-2016-06-29" />

In August 2016, French foreign minister [[Jean-Marc Ayrault]] criticized the fact that no further explanation for the reasons behind the crash had been given.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Amr|first1=Dina|title=French foreign minister calls for quicker investigations on EgyptAir MS804 crash|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2016/08/06/french-foreign-minister-calls-quicker-investigations-egyptair-ms804-crash/|newspaper=Daily News Egypt|access-date=26 August 2016|date=6 August 2016}}</ref> In December 2016, Egyptian officials said traces of explosives were found on the bodies<ref>{{cite web|title=Breaking News Egypt Air Flight 804|url=http://www.breakingnews.com/topic/egyptair-flight-804-missing-may-19-2016/|website=Breaking News|access-date=15 December 2016}}</ref> but in May 2017, French officials denied the claim.<ref name="French 2017 no explosives"/> On 6 July 2018, France's [[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile|BEA]] stated that the most likely hypothesis was a fire in the cockpit that spread rapidly.<ref name=BBCJuly2018/>

A manslaughter investigation was started in France in June 2016; in April 2019, a report commissioned as part of the investigation stated the aircraft was not airworthy and should have never taken-off: recurring defects had not been reported by the crews, including alerts reporting potential fire hazards. In April 2022, it was reported that the fire was caused by one of the pilots smoking a cigarette, which burned out of control when exposed to oxygen leaking from a cockpit oxygen mask.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2022/04/27/egyptair-flight-ms804-fatal-crash-caused-by-pilot-mohamed-said-ali-ali-shoukairs-cigarette/|title=Flight that crashed and killed 66 people was caused by pilot's cigarette, investigation finds|first=Snejana |last=Farberov|date=27 April 2022|work=[[New York Post]]|archive-url= https://archive.today/20220427135913/https://nypost.com/2022/04/27/egyptair-flight-ms804-fatal-crash-caused-by-pilot-mohamed-said-ali-ali-shoukairs-cigarette/|archive-date= 27 April 2022|url-status= live}}</ref>

==Aircraft==
The aircraft involved was an [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320-232]],{{efn|The aircraft was an Airbus A320-200 model, also known as the A320ceo to distinguish it from the newer [[Airbus A320neo family|A320neo]]; the suffix -32 specifies it was fitted with [[IAE V2527-A5]] engines.}} [[aircraft registration|registration]] [[List of aircraft by tail number#Egypt|SU-GCC]], [[manufacturer's serial number|MSN]] 2088, powered by two [[IAE V2500|IAE V2527-A5]] engines.<ref name=ASN190516>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20160519-0 |title=SU-GCC Accident description |website=[[Aviation Safety Network]] |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]] |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> It made its first flight on 25 July 2003, and was delivered to EgyptAir on 3 November 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airfleets.net/ficheapp/plane-a320-2088.htm|title=EgyptAir SU-GCC|publisher=Air Fleets|date=18 May 2016|access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref>

The flight was the aircraft's fifth that day, having flown from [[Asmara International Airport]], [[Eritrea]], to [[Cairo]]; then from Cairo to [[Tunis–Carthage International Airport]], [[Tunisia]], and back. The last completed flight of the aircraft, before its ultimate crash, was Flight 803 to [[Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/su-gcc|title=SU-GCC – Airbus A320-232 [2088]|website=[[Flightradar24]]|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref>

==Flight==
{{multiple image
|total_width=450
|width1=925|height1=723|image1=EgyptAir Flight 804 route.png|caption1=
|width2=618|height2=324|image2=EgyptAir Flight 804 Speed and Altitude.svg|caption2=
|footer='''Left:''' Flight route in green. Red star: lost [[Automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast|ADS-B]] signal. Yellow line: remaining flightpath. '''Right:''' Flight speed (orange) and altitude (blue) from 20:30 to 00:30.}}

The aircraft departed for [[Cairo International Airport]] from [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]] on 18 May 2016 at 23:09 (all times refer to [[UTC]]+2, used in France and Egypt at the time).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/may/19/egyptair-plane-cairo-paris-live-updates?page=with:block-573d3dbde4b04a0378340ea3#block-573d3dbde4b04a0378340ea3|title=EgyptAir flight MS804 disappears from radar between Paris and Cairo – live updates|work=The Guardian|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=EgyptAir Flight MS804 from Paris has disappeared from radar, airline says|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/egyptair-flight-ms804-paris-cairo-1.3588755|publisher=[[CBC News]]|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> It disappeared from radar while flying at [[flight level]] 370 (about {{convert|37000|ft|m|-2|abbr=on}} in [[altitude]]) in clear weather, {{convert|280|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} north of the Egyptian coast,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/may/19/egyptair-plane-cairo-paris-live-updates?page=with:block-573d53ece4b04a0378340ec5#block-573d53ece4b04a0378340ec5|title=EgyptAir flight MS804 disappears from radar between Paris and Cairo – live updates: Contact lost 280 km from Egyptian coast|work=The Guardian|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> and about the same distance from [[Kastellorizo]], over the [[eastern Mediterranean]] on 19 May at 02:30.<ref name="Karimi2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/18/middleeast/egyptair-flight-disappears/|publisher=CNN|title=EgyptAir flight disappears from radar|first1=Faith|last1=Karimi|first2=Hamdi|last2=Alkhshali|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36309492 | title=EgyptAir Flight MS804 from Paris to Cairo 'disappears from radar' | publisher=BBC | date=19 May 2016 | access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/may/19/egyptair-plane-cairo-paris-live-updates?page=with:block-573d53ece4b04a0378340ec5#block-573d53ece4b04a0378340ec5 | title=EgyptAir flight MS804 disappears from radar between Paris and Cairo – live updates: Contact lost 280 km from Egyptian coast | work=The Guardian | date=19 May 2016 | access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> The aircraft crashed into the sea around 2:33, when the last ACARS message was sent. The flight had lasted 3 hours 25 minutes.<ref name="telegraphlive">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/19/egyptair-flight-from-paris-to-cairo-disappears-from-radar/|title=EgyptAir flight MS804 crash: Plane 'fell 22,000 feet, spun sharply, then disappeared'|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref>

The aircraft was due to land at 03:05. It was originally reported that a distress signal from emergency devices was detected by the [[Egyptian Armed Forces|Egyptian military]] at 04:26, two hours after the last radar contact; officials later retracted this statement.<ref>{{cite web|title=EgyptAir flight MS804 disappears from radar between Paris and Cairo – live updates|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/may/19/egyptair-plane-cairo-paris-live-updates?page=with:block-573dbb67e4b04a0378340fec#block-573dbb67e4b04a0378340fec|work=The Guardian|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref>

On the day of the crash [[Panos Kammenos]], the [[Ministry of National Defence (Greece)|Greek defence minister]], noted the aircraft changed [[aircraft heading|heading]] 90 degrees to the left, then turned 360 degrees to the right while it dropped from Flight Level 370 to {{convert|15000|ft|m}}.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egyptair-airplane-idUSKCN0YA08W|title=EgyptAir flight from Paris to Cairo missing with 66 on board|first1=Lin|last1=Noueihed|first2=Eric|last2=Knecht|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=EgyptAir crash: Greek minister says flight 'turned 360 degrees right'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36335898|work=BBC News|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> This information was rejected on 23 May by an [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)|Egyptian official]] from the National Air Navigation Services Company, who stated that there was no change in altitude and no unusual movement before the aircraft disappeared from radar.<ref name="BBC36365256">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36365256|title=EgyptAir: Crashed flight MS804 'did not swerve'|work=BBC News|date=23 May 2016|access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref> It is possible that Egyptian radars were unable to track the aircraft as accurately as Greek radars due to their distance from the aircraft.<ref>{{cite news|first=Noreen|last=Ahmed-Ullah|title=EgyptAir 804: U of T forensic expert explains what we know so far|url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/egyptair-804-u-t-forensic-expert-explains-what-we-know-so-far|publisher=[[University of Toronto#Governance and colleges|News@UofT]]|date=30 May 2016|access-date=31 May 2016}}</ref> On 14 June, Egyptian authorities confirmed the statements made by Greek officials.<ref name=wsj14>{{cite news |last1=Kholaif |first1=Dahlia |last2=Wall |first2=Robert |last3=Pasztor |first3=Andy |title=New EgyptAir 804 Findings Suggest No Sudden Midair Explosion |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-egyptair-804-findings-suggest-no-sudden-midair-explosion-1465852313 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=14 June 2016 |access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref> According to a former investigator,{{Clarify|reason=With which investigative body? It is not specified by the Wall Street Journal|date=June 2016}} the initial left turn could have exceeded computer-controlled flight protections, and might also have come close to or exceeded the [[Structural load#Aircraft structural loads|structural design limits]] of the aircraft.<ref name=wsj14/>

==Passengers and crew==
The 66 passengers and crew all died. They collectively held citizenship in 13 different countries.
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed floatright" style="font-size:85%; text-align:right; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em; width:271px"
|+ Passengers on board by citizenship<ref name="Citizens">{{cite news |first1=Kevin |last1=Nielsen |first2=Jon |last2=Azpiri |title=EgyptAir flight from Paris to Cairo crashes in Mediterranean; Canadian among 66 on board |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/2710304/egyptair-flight-ms804-headed-to-cairo-from-paris-has-disappeared-from-radar |publisher=[[Global News]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |location=Toronto |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:left; width:120px" | Citizenship
! style="text-align:left;" | No.
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{DZA}}
| 1
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{BEL}}
| 1
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{CAN}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=1068349&tp=980|title=Statement by Minister Dion on crash of EgyptAir flight MS804|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016|publisher=[[Global Affairs Canada|Government of Canada]]}}</ref>{{efn|Two passengers had dual [[Egyptian nationality law|Egyptian]]–[[Canadian nationality law|Canadian citizenship]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Quan |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/world/saskatoon+born+businesswoman+canadians+aboard+downed/11931382/story.html |title=Saskatoon-born businesswoman one of two Canadians aboard downed EgyptAir plane |newspaper=[[Edmonton Journal]] |agency=[[Postmedia News]] |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804025933/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/news/world/saskatoon+born+businesswoman+canadians+aboard+downed/11931382/story.html |archive-date=4 August 2016 }}</ref> one of them was travelling on their Egyptian passport.<ref>{{cite news |title=Egypt air crash: 2nd Canadian aboard plane ID'd as Medhat Tanious |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/egyptair-black-box-analysis-1.3596777 |publisher=CBC News |date=23 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref>}}
| 1
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{TCD}}
| 1
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{EGY}}
| 30
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{FRA}}
| 15
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{IRQ}}
| 2
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{KWT}}
| 1
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{PRT}}
| 1
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{SAU}}
| 1
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{SDN}}
| 1
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{GBR}}{{efn|The passenger had dual [[British nationality law|British]]–[[Australian nationality law|Australian citizenship]].<ref name="MorningHerald">{{cite news|title=EgyptAir flight MS804: Australian dual national on missing aircraft|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/egyptair-flight-ms804-missing-plane-crashed-in-mediterranean-sea-20160519-gozdds.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=20 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref>}}
| 1
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="z "| Crew
| 10
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | {{small|Some passengers had multiple citizenship. Counts are based on preliminary data.}}
|}

Fifty-six passengers from twelve different countries were on board.<ref name="Citizens"/> Three passengers were reported to be children, including two infants.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/19/middleeast/egyptair-questions-asked-answered/index.html|title=EgyptAir: 5 questions you asked, answered|work=CNN|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> Some of the passengers held [[multiple citizenship]].<ref name="MorningHerald"/>

The crew of ten consisted of two pilots, five flight attendants, and three security personnel.<ref name="newyorktimes">{{cite news|last1=Walsh|first1=Declan|title=EgyptAir Plane Disappears Over Mediterranean, Airline Says|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/19/world/middleeast/egyptair-plane-disappears-over-mediterranean-airline-says.html|access-date=19 May 2016|work=The New York Times|date=19 May 2016}}</ref> According to EgyptAir, [[Pilot in command|captain]] Mohammed Shoqeir had 6,275 hours of flying experience, including 2,101 hours on the A320, while [[First officer (aeronautics)|first officer]] Mohamed Assem had 2,766 hours.<ref name=BBC36328976>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-36328976 |title=EgyptAir Flight MS804 latest updates |work=BBC News |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=19 May 2016 |quote=An EgyptAir source has confirmed to the BBC the names of pilot Mohammed Saeed Ali Ali Shoqeir and co-pilot Mohamed Ahmed Mamdouh Ahmed Assem. On Thursday, the airline said the pilot had 6,275 hours of flying experience, including 2,101 hours on the Airbus A320, while the co-pilot had 2,766 hours of flying experience.}}</ref>

==Search and recovery efforts==

===Initial efforts===
[[File:Lockheed P-3C Orion of VP-4 takes off from Sigonella to search for EgyptAir flight MS804 on 19 May 2016.JPG|thumb|A [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[Lockheed P-3C Orion|P-3C Orion]] takes off from [[Naval Air Station Sigonella]] in Sicily on 19 May to search for Flight 804]]
The [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)|Egyptian Civil Aviation Ministry]] confirmed that search and rescue teams were deployed to look for the missing aircraft. Search efforts were carried out in coordination with [[Government of Greece|Greek authorities]]. A spokesman for the Egyptian Civil Aviation Agency stated that the aircraft most likely crashed into the sea.<ref name = "plane has crashed">{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/may/19/egyptair-plane-cairo-paris-live-updates?page=with:block-573d4156e4b094bc5b17a5e0#block-573d4156e4b094bc5b17a5e0 | title=EgyptAir flight MS804 disappears from radar between Paris and Cairo – live updates | work=The Guardian | date=19 May 2016 | access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> Greece and France sent aircraft and naval ships to the area to participate in search and rescue efforts.<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|title=EgyptAir flight from Paris to Cairo disappears with 66 on board|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-egyptair-plane-20160518-snap-story.html|access-date=19 May 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|date=19 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="AVHerald">{{cite news|last1=Hradecky|first1=Simon|title=Crash: Egypt A320 over Mediterranean on May 19th 2016, aircraft found crashed, ACARS messages indicate fire on board|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=4987fb09&opt=0|access-date=21 May 2016|work=The Aviation Herald|date=19 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="MarineNationale">{{cite web|language=fr|url=http://www.avionslegendaires.net/2016/05/actu/la-marine-nationale-deploie-un-de-ses-falcon-50m-au-large-de-karpathos/|title=La Marine Nationale déploie un de ses Falcon 50M au large de Karpathos|trans-title=The Navy deploys one of their Falcon 50Ms off Karpathos|website=Avions Legendaires|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> The United Kingdom sent a naval ship, while the United States sent a naval aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1698511/egyptair-jet-disappears-over-mediterranean-sea |title=EgyptAir Jet Disappears Over Mediterranean Sea |date=19 May 2016 |work=Sky News |access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/19/middleeast/egyptair-flight-804-liveblog/index.html|title=EgyptAir missing plane MS804: Live updates|first1=Nick|last1=Thompson|first2=James|last2=Griffiths|first3=Tiffany|last3=Ap|work=CNN|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref>

===Search area===
On 20 May, units of the [[Egyptian Navy]] and [[Egyptian Air Force|Air Force]] discovered debris, body parts, passengers' belongings, luggage, and aircraft seats at the crash site, {{convert|290|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} off the coast of [[Alexandria]], Egypt. Two fields of debris were spotted from the air between 20 May at dusk and 23 May at dawn; one of them was {{convert|3|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}} in radius.<ref name="abcnews1"/> At this time, the searched area measured nearly {{convert|14000|km2|abbr=on}},<ref name="abcnews1"/> with the sea being 2,440 to 3,050 metres (8,000 to 10,000 ft) deep there.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/egyptair-black-box-analysis-1.3596777|title=EgyptAir didn't swerve before crashing, Egyptian authorities say|date=23 May 2016|publisher=CBC News|access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref>
{{external media
| float = right
| width = 271px
| image1 = [http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2016/05/Sentinel-1A_detects_slick Slick] detected by the [[European Space Agency|ESA]] near site of disappearance
}}
The [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) announced on 20 May that it had possibly detected a {{convert|2|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} [[Oil spill|fuel slick]] at {{coordinates|33|32|N|29|13|E}}, about {{convert|40|km|round=5}} southeast of the last known location of Flight 804, on imagery captured by its [[Sentinel-1A]] satellite at 16:00 UTC on 19 May.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sentinel-1A Spots Potential Oil Slick from Missing EgyptAir Plane|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-1/Sentinel-1A_spots_potential_oil_slick_from_missing_EgyptAir_plane|website=European Space Agency|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref>

On 26 May, it was reported that signals from the aircraft's [[Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station#Environment-specific requirements|emergency locator transmitter]] had been detected by satellite, which narrowed the area where the main wreckage was likely to be located on the seabed to within a radius of {{convert|5|km|0}}. An emergency locator transmitter usually activates at impact to send a radio distress signal; this is not the signal from an [[underwater locator beacon]] (ULB) attached to a [[flight recorder]], which is an ultrasonic pulse.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Sarah|last1=Sirgany|first2=Salma|last2=Abdelaziz|first3=Madison|last3=Park|title=Report: Signals detected from EgyptAir Flight 804 in Mediterranean|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/26/middleeast/egyptair-airbus-signals-detected|publisher=CNN|date=26 May 2016|access-date=26 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Tamer|last1=El-Ghobashy|first2=Dahlia|last2=Kholaif|first3=Robert|last3=Wall|title=Searchers Detect Emergency Signal of EgyptAir Plane|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/searchers-detect-emergency-signal-of-egyptair-plane-1464264946|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=26 May 2016|access-date=26 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Underwater_Locator_Beacon_(ULB) |title=Underwater Locator Beacon (ULB) |website=skybrary.aero |publisher=[[Eurocontrol]] |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> The [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] confirmed that the emergency locator transmitter signal was received by satellites minutes after the airliner disappeared from radar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/31/distress-signal-from-egyptair-flight-804-confirmed-by-authorities-in-cairo-and-us|title=Distress signal from EgyptAir flight 804 confirmed by authorities in Cairo and US|date=31 May 2016|access-date=4 June 2016|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> A "distress signal" received two hours after the disappearance of the aircraft, possibly originating from the emergency locator transmitter, had been reported already on 19 May; this report was denied by EgyptAir.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bustle.com/articles/161783-did-egyptair-flight-ms804-send-out-a-distress-signal-there-are-mixed-reports-coming-from-egyptair | work = [[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle]]| title = Did EgyptAir Flight MS804 Send Out A Distress Signal? There Are Mixed Reports Coming From EgyptAir Officials | date = 19 May 2016 | first = Andi | last = O'Rourke | access-date = 27 May 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/live/egyptair-flight-missing-paris-cairo/missing-plane/ | newspaper =[[The New York Times]] | title = Distress Signal Received From Missing Plane | date = 19 May 2016 | first1 = Kareem | last1 = Fahim | first2 = Nour | last2 = Youssef | access-date = 27 May 2016 }}</ref>

At the beginning of June, after ultrasonic pulses from a ULB of one of the flight recorders had been detected, a "priority search area" {{convert|2|km|0}} in radius<ref name="Reuters-India-2Jun"/> was established.<ref name="Reuters-Vessel-Detects">{{cite news |first1=Lin |last1=Noueihed |first2=Chine |last2=Labbé |first3=Alison |last3=Williams |title=French vessel detects signals likely from EgyptAir jet black box |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egyptair-airplane-blackboxes-idUSKCN0YN4A0 |work=Reuters |location=Cairo |date=1 June 2016 |access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="BBC-36427053">{{cite news |title=EgyptAir crash: Black box signals heard by search teams |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36427053 |work=BBC News |date=1 June 2016 |access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

The ''John Lethbridge'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Vessel details for: JOHN LETHBRIDGE (Research/Survey Vessel) – IMO 6525131, MMSI 353177000, Call Sign H8PY Registered in Panama |url=http://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:411752/mmsi:353177000/vessel:353177000 |publisher=[[MarineTraffic]] |date=2016 |access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref> a vessel belonging to Deep Ocean Search,<ref name="Reuters-Vessel-Detects"/> equipped with a remotely operated underwater vehicle that can detect signals in depths of up to {{convert|6000|m|ft}}, and map the seabed, was contracted by Egyptian authorities.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Gregory|last1=Viscusi|first2=Alan|last2=Levin|first3=Andrea|last3=Rothman|title=Egypt brings in specialized deep search ship for Egyptair hunt|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-wp-blm-egyptair-025bb63e-24f1-11e6-b944-52f7b1793dae-20160528-story.html|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|agency=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=28 May 2016|access-date=29 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528224414/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-wp-blm-egyptair-025bb63e-24f1-11e6-b944-52f7b1793dae-20160528-story.html|archive-date=28 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/05/french-vessel-joins-egyptair-black-boxes-search-160527052429526.html|title=French vessel joins EgyptAir black box search|publisher=[[Aljazeera English|Aljazeera]]|date=28 May 2016|access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref> Capable of retrieving the flight recorders from the seabed, it left the [[Irish Sea]] on 28 May and, at that time, it was expected to arrive at the search area around 9 June, after stopping in the Egyptian [[Alexandria Port|Port of Alexandria]] to board Egyptian and French investigators.<ref>{{cite news|title=EgyptAir flight MS804: Black boxes impossible to recover before 12 days, investigators say|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-30/egyptair-black-boxes-impossible-to-recover-before-12-days/7457618|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=30 May 2016|access-date=30 May 2016}}</ref> The vessel was delayed, arriving in Alexandria on 9 June<ref name=middleeasteye/> and at the search area some time on or before 13 June.<ref name=wsj14/> On 15 June, Egyptian authorities announced that searchers on board the ''John Lethbridge'' had identified several main sections of wreckage on the seabed.<ref>{{cite news|last=Michael |first=Maggie |agency=Associated Press |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/egypt-found-plane-wreckage-39884720 |title=Egypt Says It Has Found Plane Wreckage |work=[[ABC News]] |date=15 June 2016 |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> On 9 July, the Egyptian government reported it was extending the ''John Lethbridge''{{'}}s stay at the crash site, to 18 July.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ar:تقرير رقم (24) الصادر عن لجنة التحقيق المصرية فى حادثة طائرة مصر للطيران|trans-title=Investigation Progress Report (24) by the Egyptian Aircraft Accident Investigation Committee|url=http://www.civilaviation.gov.eg/News/news%20pages%20ar/messs_9_7_16.html|website=[[Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)]]|access-date=12 July 2016|language=ar|date=9 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719074511/http://www.civilaviation.gov.eg/News/news%20pages%20ar/messs_9_7_16.html|archive-date=19 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ''John Lethbridge'' concluded its mission to recover human remains and returned to the port of Alexandria on 16 July. On arrival, the recovered remains were transferred from the ''John Lethbridge'' to Egypt's Department of Forensic Medicine in Cairo for DNA analysis and processing.<ref name="emcaa-25">{{cite web|script-title=ar:تقرير رقم (25) الصادر عن لجنة التحقيق المصرية فى حادثة طائرة مصر للطيران|trans-title=Investigation Progress Report (25) by the Egyptian Aircraft Accident Investigation Committee|url=http://www.civilaviation.gov.eg/News/news%20pages%20ar/messs_16_7_16.html|website=[[Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)]]|language=ar|date=16 July 2016|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819192342/http://civilaviation.gov.eg/News/news%20pages%20ar/messs_16_7_16.html|archive-date=19 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Flight recorders===
On 22 May, an Egyptian [[remotely operated underwater vehicle]] (ROV), owned by the country's [[Ministry of Petroleum (Egypt)|Oil Ministry]], was deployed to join the search for the missing aircraft. President [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] stated that the ROV can operate at a depth of {{convert|3000|m|ft|-1}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-36353489 |title=EgyptAir: Submarine searches for missing flight data recorders |work=BBC News |date=22 May 2016 |access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/egyptian-submarine-to-visit-plane-crash-site-1.2912555 |title=Egyptian submarine to visit plane crash site |publisher=[[CTV News]] |agency=Associated Press |date=22 May 2016 |access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egyptair-airplane-idUSKCN0YD0BZ|title=Egypt sends submarine to hunt for crashed EgyptAir jet|date=22 May 2016|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref> According to Egypt's chief investigator with the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)|Civil Aviation Ministry]], Ayman al-Moqadem, the ROV cannot detect signals from flight recorders.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nbc11news.com/content/news/-Signals-detected-from-EgyptAir-Flight-804-381130121.html|title=Signals detected from EgyptAir Flight 804|agency=Associated Press|publisher=[[KKCO|NBC 11 News]]|date=27 May 2016|access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref>

A [[French Navy]] [[D'Estienne d'Orves-class aviso|''D'Estienne d'Orves''-class]] [[aviso]] ship, the ''Enseigne de vaisseau Jacoubet'', equipped with sonar able to detect the underwater "pings" emitted by the ULBs of the flight recorders, arrived at the possible crash site on 23 May.<ref name="abcnews1">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/egyptair-804-black-boxes-remain-unrecovered-hunt-answers/story?id=39304495|title=EgyptAir 804 Black Boxes Remain Unrecovered: What We Know About the Hunt for Answers|author=ABC News|work=ABC News|access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/disparition-du-vol-degyptair-la-marine-francaise-mobilisee |title=Disparition du vol d'EgyptAir: La marine française mobilisée |trans-title=The disappearance of the EgyptAir flight: The French Navy mobilises |website=Mer et Marine |language=fr |date=20 May 2016 |access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref> The French ship can deploy an ROV that can dive up to {{convert|1000|m|ft}} and that is able to detect signals from ULBs but with limited depth range.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/24/middleeast/egyptair-flight-804-main/|title=EgyptAir Flight 804: Conflicting reports over final moments|work=CNN|date=24 May 2016|access-date=24 May 2016|first=Michael|last=Pearson}}</ref>

On 26 May, Italian and French companies capable of executing deep-sea searches, including ALSEAMAR and the [[Mauritius]]-based Deep Ocean Search, were asked by Egypt to help locate the flight recorders.<ref>{{cite news|author=Staff and agencies in Cairo |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/26/egyptair-flight-804-deep-sea-hunt-for-black-boxes-as-week-passes-since-crash |title=EgyptAir flight 804: deep-sea hunt for 'black boxes' as week passes since crash |newspaper=The Guardian |date=26 May 2016 |access-date=26 May 2016}}</ref>

A more specialized French Navy ship, the [[Survey vessel|oceanographic research]] ship [[French ship Laplace (A 793)|''Laplace'']], left the [[Corsica]]n port of [[Porto-Vecchio]] for the search area on 27 May, according to French aircraft accident investigation body the [[Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety]] (BEA). The vessel can deploy three towed Alseamar [[hydrophone]] [[Microphone array|arrays]] that are designed to detect a ULB from a distance of up to nearly {{convert|4|km|0}}.<ref name="BBC-36396775">{{cite news |title=EgyptAir crash: French naval ship to join search |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36396775 |work=BBC News |date=27 May 2016 |access-date=27 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="nytimes-laplace">{{cite news|first1=Nicola|last1=Clark|first2=Declan|last2=Walsh|first3=Nour|last3=Youssef|title=Investigators Race to Find EgyptAir Jet's Black Boxes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/28/world/middleeast/egyptair-flight-804-black-boxes.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=27 May 2016|access-date=28 May 2016}}</ref> On 1 June, the Egyptian Civil Aviation Ministry reported that "pings" from a ULB of one of the flight recorders had been detected by the ''Laplace''.<ref name="Reuters-Vessel-Detects"/><ref name="BBC-36427053"/> This was confirmed by the BEA whose spokesperson announced the establishment of a "priority search area".<ref name="BBC-36427053"/>

The survey ship ''John Lethbridge'' was at the search area by 13 June.<ref name=wsj14/> The ULBs, which were activated on 19 May, are designed to last for at least 30 days;<ref name=wsj14/> the Egyptian board of inquiry said the signals would continue until 24 June.<ref name=middleeasteye>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/egyptair-black-box-signals-will-soon-cease-1501405658 |title=EgyptAir black box signals will soon cease |publisher=[[Middle East Eye]] |date=13 June 2016 |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> On 16 June, Egyptian authorities announced that the searchers on the ''John Lethbridge'' had found the [[Flight recorder#Cockpit voice recorder|cockpit voice recorder]] (CVR), damaged, at a depth of {{convert|13000|ft}}. The memory unit was retrieved intact and sent to Cairo<ref name="independent20160618092852"/> for investigation, following the transfer of the CVR to Egyptian civil aviation officials in Alexandria.<ref>{{cite news|author=Peter Yeung |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/egyptair-crash-flight-ms804-black-box-cockpit-voice-recorder-found-mediterranean-sea-latest-a7085611.html |title=EgyptAir crash: Black box cockpit voice recorder from flight MS804 'found in Mediterranean Sea' |newspaper=The Independent |date=16 June 2016 |access-date=18 June 2016}}</ref> The next day it was announced that the ''John Lethbridge'' had been used to retrieve, in several pieces, the second flight recorder—the [[Flight recorder#Flight data recorder|flight data recorder]] (FDR).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36557134 |date=17 June 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |title=EgyptAir crash: Second flight recorder recovered |work=BBC News}}</ref> The memory unit was recovered from the damaged flight data recorder<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pearson|first1=Michael|last2=Brascia|first2=Lorenza|title=Egyptair Wreckage Found|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/17/middleeast/egyptair-wreckage-found/|publisher=CNN|date=17 June 2016|access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> but an Egyptian official stated that the flight recorders require extensive repair before they could be properly analyzed and accessed.<ref name="independent20160618092852">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/06/17/world/middleeast/ap-ml-egypt-plane.html |title=EgyptAir Black Boxes Badly Damaged, Likely to Prolong Probe |work=The New York Times |date=17 June 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618092852/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/06/17/world/middleeast/ap-ml-egypt-plane.html |archive-date=18 June 2016 }}</ref>

On 19 June, [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)|Egypt's Aircraft Accident Investigation Committee]] announced that they, with the assistance of the [[Egyptian Armed Forces]], had completed the drying procedure of the intact memory modules and started electrical testing of the memory modules from both the cockpit voice recorder and the flight data recorder.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gubash|first1=Charlene|last2=Gittens|first2=Hasani|title=Investigators Begin Examining EgyptAir Flight MS804 Black Boxes|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/egyptair-crash/investigators-begin-examining-egyptair-black-boxes-n595216|work=[[NBC News]]|date=19 June 2016|access-date=19 June 2016}}</ref>

On 21 June, officials involved in the investigation disclosed that the memory chips from both recorders were damaged.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/21/middleeast/egyptair-data-recorders/index.html|title=EgyptAir Flight 804: Memory chips damaged|first1=Azadeh|last1=Ansari|first2=Sarah|last2=Sirgany|work=CNN|date=21 June 2016|access-date=22 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newkerala.com/news/2016/fullnews-79747.html|title=Damaged memory chips of EgyptAir Flight 804 being repaired|work=New Kerala|date=21 June 2016|access-date=22 June 2016}}</ref> After the initial attempts to download data from both recorders failed,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/24/egyptair-flight-804-access-data-recorders-information-fail- |title=EgyptAir MS804 flight recorders: efforts to extract data fail {{pipe}} World news |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 June 2016 |access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> the Egyptian investigative committee announced on 23 June that both recorders would be sent to France's BEA to have salt deposits from the memory chips removed; the recorders would then be returned to Egypt for analysis.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36612020 |title=EgyptAir Flight MS804 recorders to go to Paris for repairs |work=[[BBC News]] |date=19 June 2016 |access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>

On 27 June, the BEA announced that the FDR had been repaired and sent back to Cairo for data analysis by civil aviation safety authorities.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wall|first1=Robert|title=EgyptAir Flight 804 Cockpit Recorder Successfully Repaired|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/egyptair-flight-804-cockpit-recorder-memory-chips-intact-1467461548|access-date=2 July 2016|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=2 July 2016}}</ref>

==Early responses==
Initially, the disappearance and crash of Flight 804 was assumed to be linked to [[Sinai insurgency|terrorism and insurgency]] in the region. Thus, for instance, the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)|Egyptian Civil Aviation Ministry]] stated on 19 May that Flight 804 was probably attacked.<ref name="telegraphlive"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/may/19/egyptair-plane-cairo-paris-live-updates?page=with:block-573db61fe4b04a0378340fe2#block-573db61fe4b04a0378340fe2|work=The Guardian|title=Egyptair flight MS804: 'Terrorism more likely than technical failure', says Egypt – live|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> Two US officials believed the aircraft was downed by a bomb,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2016/05/19/egyptair-u-s-officials-plane-bomb-terrorism-perez-ath.cnn|title=U.S. officials believe EgyptAir brought down by bomb|publisher=CNN|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> and a senior official said that monitoring equipment focused on the area at the time detected evidence of an explosion on board the aircraft; other officials from multiple US agencies said they had seen no evidence of an explosion in satellite imagery and another two intelligence officials stated there is nothing yet to indicate foul play.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/19/search-for-egyptair-ms804-ongoing-debris-not-from-missing-flight-terror-more-likely-egyptian-officials-say.html|title=Hunt for EgyptAir Flight MS804 ongoing as mystery surrounds events on plane|date=20 May 2016|access-date=20 May 2016|publisher=CNBC}}</ref>

==Investigation==
According to [[Military of Greece|Greek military]] radar data, Flight 804 veered off course shortly after entering the Egyptian [[flight information region]]. At [[Flight level|Flight Level 370]] (about {{convert|37000|ft|m|-2|abbr=on}} in [[altitude]]), the aircraft made a 90-degree left turn, followed by a 360-degree right turn, and then began to descend sharply. Radar contact was lost at an altitude of about {{convert|10000|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Π. Καμμένος: Στα 10.000 πόδια χάθηκε η εικόνα του airbus – Συνεχίζονται οι έρευνες |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKDQyPT3dL0 |publisher=YouTube |language=el |trans-title=P. Kammenos: At 10,000 feet [was] lost the image of the Airbus – Ongoing investigation |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/egyptair-flight-ms804-crash-plane-swerved-suddenly-before-dropping-off-radar-over-mediterranean-sea-a7037516.html | title=EgyptAir flight MS804 crash: Plane 'swerved' suddenly before dropping off radar over Mediterranean Sea | work=The Independent | date=19 May 2016 | access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> This information was later denied on 23 May by an [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)|Egyptian official]] from the National Air Navigation Services Company, who stated there was no change in altitude and no unusual movement before the aircraft disappeared from radar.<ref name="BBC36365256"/> On 14 June, Egyptian authorities confirmed the statements made by Greek officials.<ref name=wsj14/>

On 19 May, Greece's [[Ministry of National Defence (Greece)|Ministry of National Defence]] reported that it was investigating the report of a merchant ship captain who claimed to have seen a "fire in the sky" {{convert|240|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} south of the island of [[Karpathos]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Noueihed|first1=Lin|last2=Knecht|first2=Eric|title=EgyptAir flight from Paris to Cairo missing with 66 on board|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKCN0YA0VT?sp=true|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701005225/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKCN0YA0VT?sp=true|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2016|work=[[Reuters|Reuters Africa]]|location=Cairo|date=19 May 2016|access-date=5 June 2016}}</ref>

Shortly after the disappearance, the French government began to investigate whether there had been a security breach at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport.<ref>{{cite news|title=EgyptAir flight MS804: What we know|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36330879|work=BBC News|date=20 May 2016|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref>
{{Quote box
| title = ACARS messages
| quote = 
* '''00:26Z''' 3044 ANTI ICE R WINDOW
* '''00:26Z''' 561200 R SLIDING WINDOW SENSOR
* '''00:26Z''' 2600 SMOKE LAVATORY SMOKE
* '''00:27Z''' 2600 AVIONICS SMOKE
* '''00:28Z''' 561100 R FIXED WINDOW SENSOR
* '''00:29Z''' 2200 AUTO FLT FCU 2 FAULT
* '''00:29Z''' 2700 F/CTL SEC 3 FAULT
{{align|right|{{small|All times are UTC (also known as [[Zulu time]]).}}}}
| align = right
| width = 261px
}}

Seven messages sent via the [[Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System]] (ACARS) had been received from the aircraft between 02:26 and 02:29 local time;<ref name="AVHerald" /> contact was lost four minutes later at 02:33.<ref name="AVHerald"/><ref name="BBC: ACARS messages"/> The data, confirmed by [[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile|France's Bureau of Investigations and Analysis]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/20/egyptian-military-says-debris-from-egyptair-flight-ms804-found-in-sea|title=EgyptAir MS804 crash still a mystery after body part and seats found|last1=Harding|first1=Luke|last2=Smith|first2=Helena|date=21 May 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> indicates that smoke may have been detected in the front of the airliner—in the front [[Aircraft lavatory|lavatory]] and the [[avionics]] bay beneath the cockpit.<ref name="BBC: ACARS messages">{{cite news|title=EgyptAir: 'Smoke detected' inside cabin before crash|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36348699|access-date=20 May 2016|work=BBC News|date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.fr/20160521/alerts-indicate-smoke-on-doomed-egyptair-flight-reports|title=EgyptAir crash: 'Smoke alerts' in cabin before crash|work=The Local|date=21 May 2016|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> Smoke detectors of the type installed on the aircraft can also be triggered by the condensation of water vapour, producing fog, in the event of a sudden loss of pressure inside the cabin. The aircraft's [[optical smoke detector]]s have been deemed more reliable than older models on Airbus aircraft, as they produced fewer false warnings, but were sensitive to dust and some aerosols.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/smoke-alerts-like-that-on-flight-804-have-raised-questions-in-the-past-1464390994|title=Smoke Alerts Like That on Flight 804 Have Raised Questions in the Past|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=27 May 2016|access-date=30 May 2016|first=Andy|last=Pasztor}}</ref> The three windows mentioned in the data are cockpit windows, on the co-pilot's side.<ref name="telegraph-acars-smoke">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/21/smoke-in-the-cabin-what-does-the-data-from-egyptair-ms804s-senso/|title=Smoke in the cabin: what does the data from EgyptAir MS804's sensors mean?|date=21 May 2016|access-date=21 May 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Raf|last=Sanchez}}</ref> The [[Mode control panel|flight control unit]] (FCU) is a cockpit-fitted unit that the pilot uses to enter instructions into the two flight management guidance computers (FMGC); an FCU 2 fault indicates a loss of connection between the FCU and FMGC number 2. The spoiler elevator computer number 3 (SEC 3) is one of the three computers that controls the [[Spoiler (aeronautics)|spoilers]] and [[Elevator (aeronautics)|elevator]] actuators.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/news/update/2016-05-20/smoke-detected-in-egyptair-plane-bathroom-before-crash/|title=EgyptAir flight MS804 wreckage found|work=ITV|date=20 May 2016|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> Two pilots—one interviewed by ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', the other writing for ''[[The Australian]]''—interpreted the data as possible evidence of a bomb.<ref name="smoke-in-the-cabin">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/21/smoke-in-the-cabin-what-does-the-data-from-egyptair-ms804s-senso/|title=Smoke in the cabin: what does the data from EgyptAir MS804's sensors mean?|date=21 May 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/egyptair-flight-804-absence-of-pilot-mayday-points-to-bomb-blast/news-story/a18842b53c02e1eebfd318aaf1a595d8 |title=EgyptAir Flight 804: absence of pilot mayday points to bomb blast |work=The Australian |date=21 May 2016 |access-date=21 May 2016}} {{subscription required}}</ref>

At 02:36, seven minutes after the last ACARS message and the last [[Automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast|ADS-B]] transmission, two transmissions from the aircraft's [[Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station#Environment-specific requirements#Aviation (ELTs)|Emergency Locator Transmitter]] (ELT) were received by the [[International Cospas-Sarsat Programme|international Cospas-Sarsat system]]. These transmissions indicated that they were initiated in "test" mode, suggesting either an unusual manipulation of the cockpit ELT switch, or an electrical fault in the switch's circuit. The transmissions were received by Cospas-Sarsat's then-experimental MEOSAR system, and subsequent data collection and analyses by the Cospas-Sarsat Secretariat and engineers at France's [[CNES|Centre national d'études spatiales]] (CNES) were successfully used to calculate the likely point of impact of the flight in the Mediterranean Sea.<ref>{{citation | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/31/distress-signal-from-egyptair-flight-804-confirmed-by-authorities-in-cairo-and-us | title = The Guardian newspaper, "Distress signal from EgyptAir flight 804 confirmed by authorities in Cairo and US"| newspaper = The Guardian| date = 31 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{ citation | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-27/satellites-captured-distress-signals-from-doomed-egyptair-jet | title = Bloomberg press, "Satellites Captured Doomed EgyptAir Jet's Distress Signals"| newspaper = Bloomberg.com| date = 27 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{citation | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/02/world/middleeast/egyptair-black-box.html?ref=world | title =The New York Times, "Black Box from Missing EgyptAir Flight 804 is Said to be Detected"| newspaper =The New York Times| date =June 2016| last1 =Clark| first1 =Nicola| last2 =Youssef| first2 =Nour}}</ref>

Aviation expert David Learmount of ''[[Flight International]]'' suggested that an electrical fire could have started in the aircraft's avionics compartment<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/05/21/possibility-fire-aboard-egyptair-flight-raised-as-body-parts-debris-found-in-mediterranean.html?intcmp=hpbt4 |title=Possibility of fire aboard EgyptAir flight raised as body parts, debris found in Mediterranean |publisher=Fox News |date=21 May 2016 |access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> and that the aircrew may have been too distracted to communicate their distress to air traffic control.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jamieson |first=Alastair |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/egyptair-crash/egyptair-ms804-investigators-say-smoke-detected-crash-n577946 |title=Smoke Detected on EgyptAir MS804 Before Crash: French Investigators |work=NBC News |date=21 May 2016 |access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref>

On 22 May, the French television station [[M6 (TV channel)|M6]] reported that, contrary to official statements, one of the pilots told [[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]] air traffic control about smoke in the cabin, and decided to make an [[Descent (aeronautics)|emergency descent]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/egyptair-flight-ms804-pilot-spoke-with-air-traffic-control-for-several-minutes-before-crash-a7041936.html|title=EgyptAir flight MS804 pilot spoke with air traffic control 'for several minutes before crash'|work=The Independent|date=22 May 2016|access-date=22 May 2016|first=John|last=Lichfield}}</ref> Later that day, the report was dismissed as false by the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)|Egyptian Civil Aviation Ministry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilaviation.gov.eg/News/news%20pages%20ar/messs_22_5_2_16.html|title=بيان عاجل من الشركة الوطنية لخدمات الملاحة الجوية|trans-title=Urgent statement from the National Air Navigation Services Company|work=Egyptian Ministry of Civil Aviation|date=22 May 2016|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617042814/http://www.civilaviation.gov.eg/News/news%20pages%20ar/messs_22_5_2_16.html|archive-date=17 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 24 May, a [[Forensic science|forensics official]] from Egypt's investigative team said that the remains of the victims indicated an explosion on board.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/egyptair-flight-ms804-crash-explosion-cause-latest-who-live-updates-mediterranean-sea-a7044546.html|title=EgyptAir crash: Human remains retrieved from flight MS804 crash site 'point to an explosion on board'|work=The Independent|date=24 May 2016|access-date=24 May 2016|first=Lizzie|last=Dearden}}</ref> The head of forensics denied the claim.<ref name="BBC36366600">{{cite news |title=EgyptAir crash: Forensics chief denies explosion claim |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-36366600 |work=BBC News |date=24 May 2016 |access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref>

At the beginning of June, [[France 3]] and ''[[Le Parisien]]'' reported that the aircraft had performed three emergency landings in the hours before the crash—at [[Asmara International Airport|Asmara]], [[Tunis–Carthage International Airport|Tunis]], and Cairo—followed by technical inspections, after ACARS messages "signalled anomalies on board shortly after takeoff from three airports".<ref name="Reuters-India-2Jun">{{cite news |first1=Lin |last1=Noueihed |first2=Richard |last2=Lough |first3=Sarah |last3=Young |title=EgyptAir black box search zone narrows after signal detected |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/egyptair-airplane-blackboxes-idINKCN0YO0TK |work=[[Reuters|Reuters India]] |location=Cairo |date=2 June 2016 |access-date=2 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Steven Hopkins|title=EgyptAir Flight MS804 Made 'Three Emergency Landings' In 24 Hours Before Crashing into The Mediterranean Sea|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/egyptair-flight-ms804-made-three-emergency-landings-in-24-hours-before-crashing-into-the-mediterranean-sea_uk_574fdf1de4b040e3e818f59f|work=The Huffington Post UK|date=2 June 2016|access-date=2 June 2016}}</ref> On 2 June, Safwat Musallam, EgyptAir's chairman, denied the report.<ref name="Reuters-India-2Jun"/>

With investigations into the crash ongoing, Egyptian officials announced on 29 June that data recovered from the [[flight data recorder]], as well as recovered wreckage from the plane, indicated that smoke had occurred on the aircraft, which matched previous information relayed by the plane's automated systems (ACARS).<ref name="cnn-2016-06-29">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/29/world/egyptair-data-recorder/index.html|title=EgyptAir 804: Recorder shows signs of smoke|first=Ray|last=Sanchez|work=CNN|date=29 June 2016|access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="emcaa-19">{{cite web|script-title=ar:تقرير رقم (19) الصادر عن لجنة التحقيق المصرية فى حادثة طائرة مصر للطيران|trans-title=Investigation Progress Report (19) by the Egyptian Aircraft Accident Investigation Committee|url=http://www.civilaviation.gov.eg/News/news%20pages%20ar/messs_30_6_16.html|website=[[Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)]]|language=ar|date=29 June 2016|access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref> Egyptian Civil Aviation Ministry experts have suggested that wreckage from the front section indicates high temperature combustion.<ref name="cnn-2016-06-29"/><ref name="emcaa-19"/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/05/middleeast/egyptair-cockpit-voice-recorder-fire/index.html|first1=Lorenzia|last1=Brascia|first2=Catherine E.|last2=Shoichet|title=EgyptAir Voice Recorder Indicates Fire on Doomed Plane|website=[[CNN]]|date=6 July 2016|access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref> Also, the data showed that the flight data recorder recorded the smoke and fault alarms at the same moment that the aircraft's ACARS relayed messages about them to the ground station, and that the data recorder stopped recording at an altitude of {{convert|37000|ft|m|-2|abbr=on}} above sea level.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pasztor|first1=Andy|last2=Kholaif|first2=Dahlia|last3=Wall|first3=Robert|title=Wreckage, 'Black Box' Data Point to Fire Aboard EgyptAir Flight 804|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/wreckage-black-box-data-point-to-fire-aboard-egyptair-flight-804-1467231659|access-date=30 June 2016|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=29 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=EgyptAir crash: Flight MS804 black box 'confirms smoke'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36668910|access-date=30 June 2016|work=[[BBC News]]|agency=[[BBC]]|date=29 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ali|first1=Randa|last2=Dooley|first2=Erin|title=EgyptAir Flight 804 Data Recorder Indicates Smoke in Bathroom|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/egyptair-flight-804-data-recorder-smoke-bathroom-avionics/story?id=40229579|access-date=30 June 2016|work=[[ABC News]]|agency=[[ABC News]]|date=29 June 2016}}</ref> Media reported that data from the [[cockpit voice recorder]] indicated one of the pilots had tried to extinguish the fire in the cockpit before the airplane crashed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/egyptair-crash-plane-black-box-fire-on-board-wreckage-paris-flight-a7120386.html|title=EgyptAir black box data reveals pilot tried to put out a fire on board|date=5 July 2016|work=The Independent|access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> However, after these reports were released, the Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority urged "media to be cautious while issuing press releases about the accident and to only rely on official reports issued by the committee itself."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.civilaviation.gov.eg/News/news%20pages%20ar/messs_5_7_16.html|script-title=ar:تقرير رقم (22) الصادر عن لجنة التحقيق المصرية في حادث طائرة مصر للطيران|trans-title=Report No. (22) Issued by Egyptian Investigative Committee for the Aircraft Accident of EgyptAir|website=Egyptian Civil Aviation Ministry|language=ar|date=5 July 2016|access-date=12 July 2016}}</ref> Later, on 16 July, the committee confirmed that the cockpit voice recording mentioned "the existence of a fire".<ref name="emcaa-25"/>

On 22 July, investigators privately suggested that the aircraft might have broken up in mid-air.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/23/world/middleeast/egyptair-804-crash-fire.html|title=EgyptAir Flight 804 Broke Up in Midair After a Fire, Evidence Suggests|last1=Youssef|first1=Nour|date=22 July 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=22 March 2018|last2=Stack|first2=Liam|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

On 17 September 2016, Reuters relayed a 16 September report from the French news outlet ''[[Le Figaro]]'' that French forensic investigators visiting Cairo noted traces of the explosive [[TNT]] on the aircraft debris. According to ''Le Figaro'''s source, Egypt proposed a joint report with France announcing the discovery of evidence of an explosive, but France declined, alleging that Egyptian judicial authorities did not allow the French investigators "to carry out an adequate inspection to determine how the traces could have got there".<ref name="Reuters-UK-17Sep">{{cite news |first=Mathieu |last=Rosemain |title=TNT traces on EgyptAir plane debris split investigators – Le Figaro |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-egyptair-airplane-idUKKCN11M2B4 |work=[[Reuters|Reuters UK]] |location=Paris |date=17 September 2016 |access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>

On 15 December 2016 Egyptian investigators announced that traces of explosives had been found on the victims; a source close to the French investigation expressed doubts about these findings.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38330316 | title=EgyptAir crash: Explosives found on victims, say investigators | publisher=BBC | date=15 December 2016 | access-date=15 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/15/egyptair-crash-traces-explosives-found-flight-ms804-victims | title=Traces of explosives found on EgyptAir crash victims, say authorities | newspaper=The Guardian | date=15 December 2016 | access-date=17 December 2016}}</ref> On 13 January 2017, French newspaper ''[[Le Parisien]]'' published an article claiming that unspecified "French authorities" believed the aircraft might have been brought down by a cockpit fire caused by an overheating phone battery; it noted parallels between the position where the co-pilot had stowed his [[iPad]] and [[iPhone 6S]] and data that suggested an accidental fire on the right-hand side of the flight deck, next to the co-pilot.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/faulty-phone-battery-may-have-caused-fire-that-brought-down-egyptair-flight-ms804-investigators-say-1600963 | title=Overheating phone in cockpit may have caused fire that brought down EgyptAir flight MS804 | newspaper=International Business Times | date=13 January 2017 | access-date=13 January 2017}}</ref>

On 7 May 2017, French officials stated that no traces of explosives had been found on the bodies of the victims.<ref name="French 2017 no explosives">{{cite news|title=French investigators say no trace of explosives on EgyptAir victims: Le Figaro|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/french-investigators-say-no-trace-explosives-egyptair-victims-le-figaro|agency=Egypt Independent|date=8 May 2017}}</ref>

On 6 July 2018, France's BEA stated that the most likely hypothesis was a fire in the cockpit that spread rapidly.<ref name=BBCJuly2018>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-44748324|title=Fire 'likely cause' of EgyptAir crash|work=BBC News|date=6 July 2018|access-date=6 July 2018}}</ref>

In April 2022, a report from the investigation stated that the fire was caused by a cigarette in the cockpit which burned out of control when exposed to oxygen emitted from an oxygen mask, which was improperly set to an emergency setting; smoking in the cockpit was not prohibited at that time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=26 April 2022 |title=Pilot's cockpit cigarette sparked fire that brought down Egyptair jet and killed 66 |newspaper=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/04/26/pilots-smoking-cockpit-leaky-oxygen-masks-caused-crash-aircraft/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426174423/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/04/26/pilots-smoking-cockpit-leaky-oxygen-masks-caused-crash-aircraft/ |archive-date=26 April 2022 |via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>

==French manslaughter investigation==
In June 2016, Paris prosecutor's office indicated that a preliminary investigation into the accident would begin, since no evidence of any act of terrorism had been found; the office had opened a [[manslaughter]] investigation instead.<ref>{{cite news|title=EgyptAir crash: Flight data recorder repaired – investigators|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36647587|access-date=28 June 2016|work=[[BBC News]]|agency=[[BBC]]|date=28 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt says flight 804 'black box' fixed as France opens manslaughter case|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/27/egyptair-flight-ms804-manslaughter-inquiry-opens|access-date=28 June 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=28 June 2016}}</ref>

In April 2019, a report commissioned as part of the French investigation and seen by ''[[Le Parisien]]'' stated the aircraft was not airworthy. On at least four previous flights recurring defects were not reported by the crews and the aircraft was not checked according to procedure. Some twenty alerts (visual and audible) had been made by the ECAM system the day before the flight, including alerts reporting an electrical problem that could lead to a fire. Pilots instead reset circuit breakers and cleared the messages. More alerts had been noted as far back as 1 May 2016, but were ignored by the airline.<ref name="lemonde">{{Cite news|date=2 April 2019|title=L'Airbus A320 d'Egypt Air qui s'est écrasé en 2016 n'était pas en état de voler|language=fr|trans-title=The EgyptAir Airbus A320 that crashed in 2016 was not able to fly|work=Le Monde|agency=Agence France-Presse|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/04/02/crash-d-egyptair-en-2016-l-airbus-a320-n-etait-pas-en-etat-de-voler_5444862_3212.html|access-date=11 April 2019}}</ref>

The premises of BEA had to be searched under warrant as part of the investigation to obtain these data, and that occurred in October 2018. The BEA claimed that under international aviation law they were not responsible for supplying information to French judicial investigators. While they at first denied having data-recorder data, they later explained that automatic back-ups had retained the data after the original files had been deleted.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vérier|first=Vincent|date=2 April 2019|title=Crash d'EgyptAir : le prestigieux Bureau d'enquêtes et d'analyses perquisitionné|trans-title=EgyptAir crash: the prestigious Bureau of Investigation and Analysis raided|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/crash-d-egyptair-le-prestigieux-bureau-d-enquetes-et-d-analyses-perquisitionne-02-04-2019-8044938.php%7Cto|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421134921/http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/crash-d-egyptair-le-prestigieux-bureau-d-enquetes-et-d-analyses-perquisitionne-02-04-2019-8044938.php%7Cto|archive-date=21 April 2020|access-date=15 April 2020|work=leparisien.fr|language=fr}}</ref>

Crews on the flights preceding the crash told the investigators that they had not encountered any problems during their respective flights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lepoint.fr/societe/crash-d-egyptair-la-transparence-du-bea-pose-question-02-04-2019-2305343_23.php|title=Crash d'EgyptAir : la transparence du BEA pose question|date=2 April 2019|website=Le Point|language=fr|trans-title=EgyptAir crash: BEA transparency raises questions|access-date=11 April 2019}}</ref> EgyptAir's CEO Ahmed Adel also rejected the French report, citing it as "misleading."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rivers|first=Martin|title=EgyptAir Set For Restructuring As Questions Linger Over 2016 Crash|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinrivers/2019/06/14/egyptair-set-for-restructuring-as-questions-linger-over-2016-crash/|url-status=live|access-date=10 December 2019|website=Forbes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150341/https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinrivers/2019/06/14/egyptair-set-for-restructuring-as-questions-linger-over-2016-crash/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 }}</ref>

Confidential documents released in December 2019 by ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' state that an oxygen leak may be responsible for fire, as well that the sound similar to the high-pressure leak was heard on the CVR before the captain declared a fire, while passengers were moving to the back of the plane.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dalton|first=Matthew|date=2019-12-29|title=Piercing Egyptian Secrecy, Probe of EgyptAir Crash Faults Airline With Lapses|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/piercing-egyptian-secrecy-probe-of-egyptair-crash-faults-airline-with-lapses-11577645533|access-date=2021-12-07|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
EgyptAir retired the Flight 804 [[flight number]] and replaced it with Flight 802 for inbound flights from [[Paris]] to [[Cairo]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flightr.net/ms802|title=MS802 Flight, EgyptAir, Paris to Cairo|website=www.flightr.net|access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref> while the outbound flight number was changed from Flight 803 to Flight 801.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sanchez|first1=Raf|last2=Samaan|first2=Magdy|title=EgyptAir crash: Flight data points to 'internal explosion' on plane once daubed with graffiti saying 'We will bring this plane down'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/21/egyptair-crash---smoke-detected-inside-the-aircraft-cabin-as-sea/|access-date=12 June 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|agency=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=22 May 2016|location=Cairo}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
The crash was featured in [[List of Mayday episodes|season 23]], episode 10 of the Canadian documentary series ''[[Mayday (Canadian TV series)|Mayday]]'', titled "Mystery Over the Mediterranean".<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Air Crash Investigation |url=https://www.natgeotv.com/bg/shows/natgeo/air-crash-investigation |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=[[National Geographic]] Bulgaria}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A320 family]]
*[[Swissair Flight 111]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|EgyptAir Flight 804}}
*[https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/may/20/egyptair-flight-ms804-search-for-crash-wreckage-intensifies-live Archived live updates (no longer updated)] – ''The Guardian''
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-36328976 Archived live updates (no longer updated)] – BBC News
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160522160219/http://www.egyptair.com/en/about-egyptair/news-and-press/Pages/egyptair-ms-804-paris-cairo.aspx EgyptAir MS 804 Paris Cairo ] ([http://www.egyptair.com/en/Emergency/Pages/default.aspx Alt link at Emergency Page]) – EgyptAir
*[http://www.airbus.com/crisis/ Statements regarding the loss of Egyptair Flight 804] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324190221/http://www.airbus.com/crisis/ |date=24 March 2015 }} – [[Airbus]], the manufacturer of the aircraft involved
*[https://www.bea.aero/en/actualites/news/detail/actus/accident-to-the-airbus-a320-registered-su-gcc-and-operated-by-egyptair-on-05192016-in-cruise-off-the-egyptian-coast-investigation-led-by-aib-egypt/ Accident to the Airbus A320, registered SU-GCC and operated by Egyptair] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927092757/https://www.bea.aero/en/actualites/news/detail/actus/accident-to-the-airbus-a320-registered-su-gcc-and-operated-by-egyptair-on-05192016-in-cruise-off-the-egyptian-coast-investigation-led-by-aib-egypt/ |date=27 September 2016 }} and [https://www.bea.aero/en/investigation-reports/notified-events/detail/event/perte-de-contact-radio-et-radar-en-croisiere/ Accident to the Airbus A320, registered SU-GCC and operated by Egyptair, on 05/19/2016 in cruise off the Egyptian coast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625034552/https://www.bea.aero/en/investigation-reports/notified-events/detail/event/perte-de-contact-radio-et-radar-en-croisiere/ |date=25 June 2016 }} – [[Bureau d'enquêtes et d'analyses pour la sécurité de l'aviation civile|the French Bureau of Investigation and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety]]
*{{in lang|en|ar}} [http://www.civilaviation.gov.eg/ Press releases] – [[Egyptian Ministry of Civil Aviation]]

{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 2016}}
{{Portal bar|Aviation|Egypt|France}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:EgyptAir Flight 804}}
[[Category:2016 in Egypt]]
[[Category:2016 in France]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A320]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2016]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in the Mediterranean Sea]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by in-flight fires]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error]]
[[Category:EgyptAir accidents and incidents|804]]
[[Category:May 2016 events in Egypt]]
[[Category:May 2016 events in Africa]]
[[Category:Egypt–France relations]]

Grahame-White Type X

2023-05-26T09:55:38Z

134.249.65.5: /* Development */ Not that J. D. North, there is no wiki page for this one

__NOTOC__

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2017}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
|name=Type X Charabanc
|image= The Aeroplane (1914 book) p252.jpg
|caption=
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type=Five-seat passenger-carrying biplane
|manufacturer=[[Grahame-White|Grahame-White Aviation Company]]
|designer=[[J. D. North]]
|first flight=[[1913 in aviation|1913]]
|introduced=
|retired=
|status=
|primary user=
|more users=
|produced=
|number built=1
|variants with their own articles=
}}
|}
The '''Grahame-White Type X Charabanc''' or '''Aerobus''' was a 1910s [[United Kingdom|British]] passenger-carrying biplane designed and built by the [[Grahame-White|Grahame-White Aviation Company]] based at [[Hendon Aerodrome]], North [[London]].

==Development==
The Charabanc was built by the Grahame-White company to meet the demand for passenger-carrying flights, which could not be satisfied by the existing two-seat designs. Designed by J. D. North, it was an unequal-span [[pusher configuration|pusher]] [[biplane]], with [[ailerons]] on both upper and lower wings, and a biplane tail unit with three rudders mounted on booms. An elongated [[nacelle]] mounted on the lower wing housed the pilot in the front, plus four passengers in two rows of two seats behind.<ref name=lewis/> The wing spars, tail booms and outer interplane struts were of hollow section [[spruce]], and the nacelle and inner struts were of [[Fraxinus|ash]].

It first flew in 1913, powered by a 120 hp (89 kW) Austro-Daimler engine, and in this form was flown by Louis Noel with seven passengers aboard to set a British world record on 22 September 1913. On 2 October 1913, he set a world record in carrying nine passengers, staying aloft for nearly twenty minutes.<ref name=lewis>Lewis, Peter M. H. ''British Aircraft 1809-1914'' London: Putnam, 1962 pp 284-285</ref> To meet the entry requirements for the 1913 Michelin Cup, which required an all-British aircraft, this was replaced by a British-built 100 hp (75 kW) [[Green E.6]] engine. The Charabanc went on to win the cup, covering a distance of over 300 miles on 9 November 1913, piloted by R.H. Carr.<ref>[[Flight International|''Flight]]: [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1913/1913%20-%201238.html Reginald H. Carr], 22 November 1913, p.1064.</ref>

The first parachute descent from an aircraft in Great Britain was made by W. Newell from the aircraft, at Hendon on 9 May 1914.<ref>[[Flight International|''Flight]]: [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1914/1914%20-%200508.html Flying at Hendon], 15 May 1913 p.508,</ref>

==Specifications==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 1998
|prime units? = imp
|crew=1
|capacity=4 passengers
|length m=11.43
|length ft=37
|length in=6
|span m=19.05
|span ft=62
|span in=6
|wing area sqm=73.39
|wing area sqft=790
|empty weight kg=907
|empty weight lb=2000
|gross weight kg=1406
|gross weight lb=3100
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Green E.6]] 6-cylinder inline piston
|eng1 kw=75
|eng1 hp=100
|max speed kmh=82
|max speed mph=51
|cruise speed kmh=72
|cruise speed mph=45
}}

{{aircontent

|see also=
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|sequence=
|lists=
}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Lewis, Peter M. H. ''British Aircraft 1809-1914'' London: Putnam, 1962 p. 284-285
* The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 1998

==External links==
* [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1913/1913%20-%201086.html The Grahame White Aero-Char-a-Bancs][[Flight magazine]] 11 October 1913 p. 1113.

{{Grahame-White aircraft}}

[[Category:1910s British airliners]]
[[Category:Grahame-White aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1913]]

Pirna 014

2023-05-24T21:54:46Z

134.249.65.5: First run, not first flight

{{short description|1950s East German turbojet aircraft engine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name= Pirna 014
| image=Bundesarchiv Bild 183-53500-185, Leipzig, Frühjahrsmesse, Strahltriebwerk.jpg
| caption=Pirna 014 jet engine at the Spring Leipzig Trade Fair in March 1958.
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Engine
|type=[[turbojet]]
|manufacturer=[[Industriewerke Ludwigsfelde]]
|national origin=[[East Germany]]
|first run=12 October 1956
|major applications=[[Baade 152]]
|produced=
|number built=
|program cost=
|unit cost=
|developed from= [[Jumo 012]]
|variants with their own articles=
}}
|}

The '''Pirna 014''' was an [[Axial compressor|axial]] [[turbojet]] designed in [[East Germany]] (or the GDR) in the mid- to late 1950s by former [[Junkers]] engineers, who were repatriated to East Germany in 1954 after being [[Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union|held in custody]] in the [[Soviet Union]] following [[World War II]].<ref>[http://www.flugzeug-lorenz.de/index.php?id=85 "Das Triebwerk-Entwicklungswerk Pirna (Werk 802),"] ''www.flugzeug-lorenz.de'' Retrieved: 26 July 2012.</ref>

==Origin==
After the remaining groups of German aircraft technology engineers, those which were not yet about to be repatriated back home, had been concentrated in Sawjelowo north of [[Moscow]] in December 1953, development planning for a four jet engine-powered civilian airliner started. The role of head of engine research & development was assigned to (then Dipl.-Ing.) [[Ferdinand Brandner]], whereas (then Dipl.-Ing.) [[Brunolf Baade]] was given the general project lead.

Before Brandner finally went back to his family in [[Austria]], after being forced to stay in the Soviet Union for 9 years, he selected his deputy (then Dr.-Ing.) Rudolf Scheinost to continue his work and to lead development of the engine. The engine project ''014'', a continuation of the numbering sequence of previous Jumo jet engines, was at this time named ''Dwigatel 014'' (from ''reactivnyi dvigatel'', literally "jet drive") and given high priority.

As for the airliner that was intended being powered by project ''014'', it was the [[Baade 152]] passenger jet, which was to be developed and constructed as pre-production aircraft at ''VEB Industriewerke Dresden'' (Factory 803),<ref>[http://www.flugzeug-lorenz.de/index.php?id=102 "Das Flugzeug-Serienwerk 803,"] ''www.flugzeug-lorenz.de'' Retrieved: 27 July 2012.</ref> part of which was the later [[EADS EFW|VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden]].

On 5 July 1954 the last group of 200, mainly engineers but finally also the key technical leads and minds, arrived in the Saxon town of [[Pirna]]. While only some persons, for example Ferdinand Brandner or Günther Bock left again shortly afterwards for their final destinations in Austria and [[West Berlin]], the majority were eager to continue with engine and aircraft development in the GDR. In a part of the town called ''Sonnenstein'' (literally ''sun stone'', which itself is situated on a plateau between the river valleys of [[Elbe]] in the North and [[Gottleuba]] in the West), work centered around planning of future operations / building factories and related to ''152'' and ''014'' started almost instantly.

First they operated from the buildings of ''HV-18'' ([[Hauptverwaltung 18]], which was established earlier, in 1951–1952), until construction work for the engine development works started in the summer of 1955. A new design and administration building, almost identical to the one in [[Dresden]] located at Factory 801, was constructed. Two large assembly and manufacturing plants, several engine test stands (with their characteristic towers), large underground tanks intended for test runs, other halls and social facilities, plus housing for the workers were finished.

[[VEB Entwicklungsbau Pirna]] (Factory 802) (renamed ''VEB Gasturbinenbau und Energiemaschinenentwicklung Pirna'' in 1961, later in 1970 transformed into ''VEB Strömungsmaschinen Pirna'') was officially founded there on 1 May 1955. (Other development works and factories that later formed the East German aviation industry were founded on the same date. See [[History of East German aviation industry]].) The project documentation that was already begun before final return of the engineers involved to Germany, was extended by a new, enlarged team now being located in Pirna and prepared for prototyping.

From the beginnings in 1954 until the completion of new factories in 1957, the premises in Pirna were basically operating as the spiritual center of aviation-related research, development & production in the GDR. Only from thereon, it was that upper management level moved to their new offices in Dresden.

==Design and development==

===Design===
Citations: Mewes 1997, p. 36-39. 
It was designed as a single-shaft, single-flow turbojet. The basic conception was a further development of the design already applied with high perfection on [[Junkers Jumo 004]] and [[Junkers Jumo 012]], as well as the [[BMW 003]] and [[BMW 018]] engines. In this design, the compressor, combustion chamber and turbine are traversed in axial direction by the air taken directly from the inlet.

The experiences acquired by technical management in the Soviet Union during further development of mentioned Junkers and BMW engines, as well as entirely new developments like TW-2, NK-2 / NK-4 (Soviet program names of Jumo 022 developments, leading to TV-022 and 2TV-2F engines) along with the high-power [[turboprop]] [[NK-12]] were considered during design and construction of components for this new engine project.

This knowledge was now serving as a foundation for the enlarged Pirna team to develop a modern, simple and robust jet engine from the already existing project documentation, which would be suitable for a civilian airliner according to specific needs regarding power requirements, simple handling, reliability, and low maintenance.

;'''Compressor'''
The twelve-stage axial compressor was coupled directly to the two-stage turbine, just like on the Jumo 012. This resulted in relatively simple bearings construction and advantageous controllability.

The compressor housing was a welded steel sheet construction, divided in two parts. The upper half contained the fuel- and engine control systems, later also the automated starter control and ignition coils for two ignitors located in the combustion chamber's upper area.

;'''Engine control'''
Engine control was handled by a fully automatic, compact commando unit using a proven Junkers single-handed lever action. In various states of flight, fuel throughput can vary greatly. Therefore, fuel injectors located in the burners were given two stages, resulting in good efficiency over a large operational range.

;'''Combustion chamber'''
The chamber was a can-annular design. Based on experiences with Junkers' can-type chambers (Jumo 004) and BMW's annular-type chambers (BMW 003), this design choice was successfully applied already during the Soviet period. 12 burner cans and 60 air pockets (integrated into inner and outer wall) were used, along with several more air canals. This construction proved an efficiency of about 98% burn-out grade inside the combustion chamber during bench-tests.

This construction achieved an all-around flow of cooling air of chamber walls, so those were relatively protected of the high temperatures inside the chamber, which reached up to 3200 °C in the flame area. Thus, thermal requirements for chamber wall and air pocket materials were determined to be considerable lower at first. Engine inlet temperature was calculated to be around 780 °C (1050K), as higher-temperature resistant materials were not available at this time.

;'''Turbine'''
For the two-stage reaction turbine, a low cooling effect for the turbine discs was achieved using a skillful airflow, which was diverted from beneath the combustion chamber and directed inwards toward the shaft. The turbine blades were not cooled, but the guide blades for the first turbine stage were fabricated hollow.

The major part of exhaust gases' thermal gradient was distributed equally on both turbine stages; the remainder converted to a thrust of 3150kp, using a fixed thrust nozzle.

;'''Starter / Generator'''
The assembly of both components has changed; they were not anymore attached using a separate equipment carrier behind the engine. Integrated into a single component and inserted into the intake bullet, it worked directly on the shaft, where it was coupled with the engine-rotor using a separate transmission assembly for the starter.

;'''Oil tank'''
Originally to be mounted beneath the engine, it was re-designed as an annular oil tank. The new mounting place was now in the diffuser area, in front of the air-intake casting.

;'''Air-intake casting'''
This component was made from light metal cast design. Using a separator transmission coupled to the compressor rotor, the upper-mounted equipment carrier for fuel pump & control-pressure transmitter as well as the oil pump block were driven.

;'''Blow-off system'''
Initially, 4 rectangular blow-off flaps (valves) were installed; later they were changed to 8 round flaps. Further during the re-design process, specifically from prototype engine V-07 onwards, this implementation was changed to a different, better controllable system which involved an annular blow-off belt.

===Revision A0===
Citations: Mewes 1997, p. 39-42. 
A mock-up engine designated V-00 was used for testing assembly & positions of components, pipes and fittings. Positions of electrical / pipe connections were also determined & matched after coordinations done with the people responsible for airframe construction in Klotzsche.

In parallel, a first trial engine was constructed at ''VEB Entwicklungsbau Pirna''. This was engine V-01, which only at this time adopted the final program designation "Pirna 014" that was derived from both town name and former designation. It took two years of construction- and assembly time; so in October 1956 a first trial was made possible.

===Revision A1===
Citations: Mewes 1997, p. 47-49. 
Introduced changes for revision A-1 were:
* Newly calculated compressor blade profiles
* The already mentioned, annular blow-off belt, which opened and closed continuously
* An additional compressor stage, mounted upstream before the first compressor stage and air-intake casting
* An automatic, revolutions- and acceleration-depended blow-off system control, integrated into the commando unit
* Intake de-icing system (with associated additional, isolated pipeline management and a heat exchanger which was mounted above the turbine)
During compressor trials it was discovered that the compressor's operational range was too narrow for cruising altitudes greater than 5000m. Therefore, the compressor of revision A-0 which was conceived already in the Soviet Union had to be redesigned.

Those changes related to compressor blades and the blow-off system resulted in a quieter, smoother rotor behavior, as well as better pump characteristics. Associated critical revolutions were now in a range better suited for flight, resulting in a broader compressor operational range.

Air consumption was increased by 5,5 kg/s (52.0 kg/s to 57.5 kg/s), resulting in a thrust increase from {{convert|30.89|kN}} to {{convert|32.36|kN}}.

With this revision, the intake de-icing using an integrated de-icing system was proven in the winter months of 1960. Also, bird strike trials did not disturb engine operation. (See ''Special trials'' section.)

==Trials==

===Bench trials===
Engine V-01 was first run on 12 October 1956 on engine test stand 2 in building complex 62 under reduced load for about 2.5h.<ref>[http://www.flugzeug-lorenz.de/index.php?id=85 "Das Triebwerk-Entwicklungswerk Pirna (Werk 802),"] ''www.flugzeug-lorenz.de'' Retrieved: 26 July 2012.</ref> Pushing the engine under full load was not possible at this time, the reason being the use of non-heat-resistant materials as those were not available domestically.

The original intention was to just perform aerodynamic measurements proving correct engine test stand functionality, as well as to test oil circulation on a completed engine. Yet, the decision was made to let the engine freely run on its own power. After five start attempts, ignition was achieved, the jet carefully reaching 6200rpm. No disruptions were recorded.

First accident happened on 25 February 1958. During V-01 measurement run 50 on engine test stand 1, turbine stage 2 failed, which led to partial destruction of the engine from the combustion chamber onwards. (Mewes 1997, p. 42.)

All prototype engines from V-02 to V-14 were essentially used for experimental and measurements runs. Such trials as well as endurance tests were needed to secure engine airworthiness certification. After five years of research and development, in the second half of 1959 type certification was achieved after engine V-017 successfully completed a 150-hour endurance trial. Thus, an important prerequisite for beginning of flight trials was met.

===Flight trials===
The first flight trial was then performed on 11 September 1959, using an [[Ilyushin Il-28|Ilyushin Il-28R]] with the engine mounted on the underside of the fuselage.

Four A-0 engines were used in the second Baade 152 prototype 152/II V4.

==End of Program==
{{Disputed section|date=August 2012}}
Because of political decisions, which were associated with Soviet interests, the Baade 152 program and all other aircraft programs in development at ''VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden'', which at the time was the entire aircraft industry of the GDR, were stopped in 1961. Except for minor remnants, the aircraft industry in the GDR was then dissolved. The Pirna 014 engines that were already series-produced (revisions A0 and A1) at ''VEB Industriewerke Ludwigsfelde'' (Factory 807)<ref>[http://www.gerdspriess.de/DDR-Luftfahrtindustrie/ddr-luftfahrtindustrie.html "Aus der DDR-Luftfahrtindustrie,"] ''www.gerdspriess.de'' Retrieved: 26 July 2012.</ref> were put to other uses, including as emergency power generators.

==Applications==
* [[Baade 152]] – main engines (4x), two in each gondola
* "Hai" class anti-submarine ships – revisions A2 and A3, production engines that were modified for their repurposing as gas generators driving two gas turbines (3677 kW each) to form a gas-turbine propulsion plant. This combination was called [[Pirna 051|Pirna 051/1]] and installed on 13 of 14 ships of the class.<ref>[http://www.parow-info.de/Parow%201990/Museum/Pirna014.html "Gasturbine Pirna 014,"] ''www.parow-info.de'' Retrieved: 21 July 2012.</ref>

==Variants==
* '''Pirna 014-A0''' – preproduction version, 1957
* '''Pirna 014-A1''' – series production version, 1959
* '''Pirna 014-A2''' – modified from existing production engines for naval gas generator use, 1961
* '''Pirna 014-A3''' – modified from existing production engines for naval gas generator use, 1961
* '''Pirna 014-A5''' – gas generator for use in combination with gas turbine in peak load-gas turbine plant [[Pirna E-1]], 1962
* '''Pirna 014-C''' – project, variant of A-0, 1960

==Further developments==
* '''Pirna 016''' – project, integrated a newly constructed compressor, was intended to replace the older 014, 1958
* '''Pirna 018''' – project, turboprop test engine for compressor trials
* '''Pirna 020''' – project, twin-flow turbojet test engine for compressor trials

===Variants table===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:4px; border:2px solid #000000; font-size:95%;"
!style="background:#EDEDED;"|Designation||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Type ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Layout ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Compression ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Specific fuel consumption ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Air consumption ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Turbine inlet temperature ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Thrust or power ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Dry weight ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"|Speed
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|Pirna 014-A0 || Turbojet || 12V2T || 7:1 || 0.85 kg/km/h || 52.0 kg/s || 1050K || {{convert|3150|kp}} || {{convert|1060|kg|abbr=on}} || 8000rpm
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|Pirna 014-A1 || Turbojet || 12V2T+ || 7:1 || 0.86 kg/km/h || 57.5 kg/s || 1070K || {{convert|3300|kp}} || {{convert|1050|kg|abbr=on}} || 8200rpm
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|Pirna 014-C || Turbojet || 12V2T+ || 7:1 || 0.859 kg/km/h || 57.5 kg/s || 1070K || {{convert|3300|kp}} || {{convert|1065|kg|abbr=on}} || 8200rpm
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|Pirna 016 (projected) || Turbojet || 12V3T || 11.9:1 || 0.72 kg/km/h || 60.4 kg/s || 1035K || {{convert|3500|kp}} || {{convert|1050|kg|abbr=on}} || 8700rpm
|-
|}
''Layout: V=axial flow compressor stages, T=turbine stages. (+ indicates additional stage)''

==Specifications (Pirna 014-A0)==
{{jetspecs
|ref=Mewes, ''Pirna 014. Flugtriebwerke der DDR.''
|type=[[turbojet]]
|length={{convert|3446|mm|abbr=on}}
|diameter={{convert|981|mm|abbr=on}}
|weight={{convert|1060|kg|abbr=on}}
|compressor=twelve stage axial flow
|combustion=[[Combustor#Cannular|cannular]] combustion chamber, 12 cans
|turbine=two stage
|fueltype=kerosene / jet fuel (specification T-1)
|oilsystem=
|power=
|thrust={{convert|3150|kp}} at 8000rpm, non-afterburning
|compression=7:1
|bypass=
|aircon=52.0k g/s
|turbinetemp=1050 K
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon=0.85 kg/km/h
|power/weight=
|thrust/weight=2.97
}}

==List of engines produced==

===Prototypes table (Factory 802)===
'''Pirna 014'''
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:4px; border:2px solid #000000; font-size:95%;"
!style="background:#EDEDED;"|Designation||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Variant ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Usage
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-00 || 0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-01 || A || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-02 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-03 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-04 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-05 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-06 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-07 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-08 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-09 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-10 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-11 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-12 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-13 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-14 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-15 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-16 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-17 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-18 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-19 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-20 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-21 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-22 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-23 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-24 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-25 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-26 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-27 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-28 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-29 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-30 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-31 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-32 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-33 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-34 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-35 || A1 || ---
|-
|}

'''Pirna 014-C'''
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:4px; border:2px solid #000000; font-size:95%;"
!style="background:#EDEDED;"|Designation||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Variant ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Usage
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-00 || C || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-01 || C || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-02 || C || ---
|-
|}

'''Pirna 016'''
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:4px; border:2px solid #000000; font-size:95%;"
!style="background:#EDEDED;"|Designation||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Variant ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Usage
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-01 || - || ---
|-
|}

'''Pirna 018'''
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:4px; border:2px solid #000000; font-size:95%;"
!style="background:#EDEDED;"|Designation||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Variant ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Usage
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-00 || - || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-01 || A || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-02 || A || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-03 || A || ---
|-
|}

'''Pirna 020'''
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:4px; border:2px solid #000000; font-size:95%;"
!style="background:#EDEDED;"|Designation||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Variant ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Usage
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|V-01 || A || ---
|-
|}

===Series production table (Factory 807)===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:4px; border:2px solid #000000; font-size:95%;"
!style="background:#EDEDED;"|Designation||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Variant ||style="background:#FAFAFA;"| Usage
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|L-1 || 0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|L-2 || 0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|L-3 || 0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|L-4 || 0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|L-5 || 0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|000 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|001 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|002 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|003 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|004 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|005 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|006 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|007 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|008 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|009 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|010 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|011 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|012 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|013 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|014 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|015 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|016 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|017 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|018 || A0 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|001 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|002 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|003 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|004 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|005 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|006 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|007 || A1 || ---
|-
|style="background:#FAFAFA;"|008 || A1 || ---
|}

==Survivors==
Survivors known to exist:
* A turbojet Pirna 014 A2 (the former A0/V-16), converted to a gas generator for gas turbine plant Pirna 051/1, is on display (as a [[Cutaway (industrial)|cutaway]]) in the aircraft section of the [[Dresden Transport Museum]].
* At the [[Deutsches Museum]] in [[Munich]], Pirna 014 A0/V-05 is displayed in the aircraft section (also in cutaway form). It was transferred from its former location at the Dresden University of Technology, where it was used as a teaching object.
* One revision A1 jet is on display at [[:de:Industriemuseum Chemnitz|Industrial Museum]] [[Chemnitz]].<ref>[http://www.saechsisches-industriemuseum.de/c1/c1/redaktion?latestVersion=true&format=HTML&workshop=-1&URLID=5672 "Turbostrahltriebwerk Pirna 014,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072101/http://www.saechsisches-industriemuseum.de/c1/c1/redaktion?latestVersion=true&format=HTML&workshop=-1&URLID=5672 |date=4 March 2016 }} ''www.saechsisches-industriemuseum.de'' Retrieved: 2 August 2012.</ref> This particular example was used on a speedboat after 1961, how modifications done to the hydraulics in the middle part clearly show. In addition, the exhaust nozzle at the rear end is therefore missing.
* According to Mewes, a Pirna 014 A5 gas generator was placed together with a small gas turbine [[Pirna 029]] in the canteen on the premises of [[Strömungsmaschinenbau Pirna GmbH]]. The company, which was the successor of ''VEB Strömungsmaschinen Pirna'' after privatization in 1990, entered insolvency already in 1995 and went finally into bankruptcy two years later. The building was sold to a private investor in 2011.<ref>[http://www.pirna.de/Presseinfos.4289/?nr=3447 "Kaufvertrag zum Speisehaus unterzeichnet,"] ''www.pirna.de'' Retrieved: 2 August 2012.</ref> The current location of the engine was not yet determined.
* Another cutaway model may still be in ownership of the [[Dresden University of Technology]], on the premises of the Faculty of Transportation Science which is located in the ''Gerhart Potthoff'' building.

<gallery>
File:Pirna 014 A0 V-16 Verkehrsmuseum Dresden.jpg| Pirna 014 A0/V-16 at Dresden Transport Museum
File:Triebwerk Pirna 014.JPG| Pirna 014 A0/V-05 at Deutsches Museum Munich
File:Pirna 014 Triebwerk - vorne.JPG| Pirna 014 A0/V-05 at Deutsches Museum Munich - front view
File:Pirna 014 Triebwerk - 01.JPG| Pirna 014 A0/V-05 at Deutsches Museum Munich - detail view
File:Pirna 014 Triebwerk - 02.JPG| Pirna 014 A0/V-05 at Deutsches Museum Munich - detail view
File:Pirna 014 Triebwerk - 03.JPG| Pirna 014 A0/V-05 at Deutsches Museum Munich - detail view
File:Pirna 014 Triebwerk - Verdichter 01.JPG| Pirna 014 A0/V-05 at Deutsches Museum Munich - compressor
File:Pirna 014 Triebwerk - Verdichter 02.JPG| Pirna 014 A0/V-05 at Deutsches Museum Munich - compressor
File:Pirna 014 Triebwerk - Seite.JPG| Pirna 014 A0/V-05 at Deutsches Museum Munich - side view
File:Pirna 014 Triebwerk - Rückansicht.JPG| Pirna 014 A0/V-05 at Deutsches Museum Munich - back view
</gallery>

==See also==
{{aircontent

|see also=
|related=
*[[Ferdinand Brandner]]
|similar engines=
*[[BMW 003]]
*[[BMW 018]]
*[[Junkers Jumo 004]]
|lists=
*[[List of aircraft engines]]}}

==References==
;Books
{{cite book |last=Mewes |first=Klaus-Hermann |title=Pirna 014. Flugtriebwerke der DDR: Entwicklung, Erprobung und Bau von Strahltriebwerken und Propellerturbinen |publisher=Aviatic-Verlag |year=1997 |pages=159 |isbn=9783925505393}}
;Citations
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* http://www.skybird-ev.de/152/152.htm (most of it in German only)
*[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200804.html "Type 014"] a 1959 ''Flight'' description

{{Junkers Jumo aeroengines}}

[[Category:1950s turbojet engines]]
[[Category:Junkers aircraft engines]]