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Serbs in Slovenia

2016-05-16T16:30:15Z

148.87.13.6:

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Serbs in Slovenia Srbi u Sloveniji
| poptime = 38,964 (2%), according to the 2002 census
| popplace =
| rels = [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Serbian Orthodox]]
| related =
}}

'''Serbs in Slovenia''' are, by large, first or second generation immigrants from other republics of [[former Yugoslavia]]. In the 2002 census, 38,964 people of [[Slovenia]] declared [[Serb]] ethnicity, corresponding to 1.98% of the total population, making them the largest ethnic minority in the country.

==History==
The vast majority of the Serbs in Slovenia are first or second generation settlers from other republics of [[former Yugoslavia]], mostly from [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Serbia]], but also from [[Croatia]] and [[Montenegro]]. After [[World War II]], many [[Serbs]] employed in the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] were stationed in the [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia]] with their families. In the period of 1971-1981, many ethnic Serbs migrated from Bosnia and Herzegovina to pursue better careers and economical benefits in Slovenia. Before 1991, many Serbs in Slovenia registered as [[Yugoslavs]], and many still prefer referring to their mother language as [[Serbo-Croatian]], rather than Serbian.

There also exists an autochthonous community of Serbs in [[White Carniola]] (see [[Serbs of White Carniola]]).

In 2013, the combined community association of Serbs in Slovenia requested that Serbs be given the status of national minority.<ref>http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/planeta.300.html:451673-Slovenija-Srbi-traze-status-nacionalne-manjine</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Serbs}}
Most of Serbs in Slovenia are concentrated in larger urban areas, especially in [[Ljubljana]] and [[Jesenice, Slovenia|Jesenice]]. The table shows the year and number and percentage of Serbs in Slovenia after World War II, according to the official censuses.

*1948 - 7,048
*1953 - 11,225 (0.8%)
*1961 - 13,609 (0.9%)
*1971 - 20,521 (1.2%)
*1981 - 42,182 (2.3%)
*1991 - 47,097 (2.5%)
*2002 - 38,964 (2.0%)

It also has to be noted that in the last census in 2002, more than 10% of all Slovenian population decided not to answer the question regarding their ethnic affiliation. All these elements make the estimate of the overall number of Serbs in Slovenia difficult.

== Culture ==
{{see also|Serbian culture}}

[[Yugonostalgia]] is strong among the older generation.{{sfn|Resic|Törnquist-Plewa|2016|p=198}} The urban former Yugoslav immigrant community in Slovenia have developed a "Balkan culture" in the 1990s.{{sfn|Resic|Törnquist-Plewa|2016|p=198}}

The [[Leskovac]]-styled grilled meat, including ''[[ćevapčići]]'', have today become part of everyday-diet in Slovenia.<ref>{{cite document|author=Dragana Radojičić|journal=Traditiones|volume=39|issue=1|title=SERBIAN DISHES ON THE SLOVENIAN TABLE|url=http://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/traditiones/article/view/1028|quote=[Abstract] The research included immigration trends from Serbia to Slovenia from 1918 to the present, and how these are reflected in the acceptance of food-related products and dishes that originated in Serbia and have become part of Slovenians’ everyday diet.}}</ref>

===Language===
{{main|Serbian language}}

Most Serbs in Slovenia use Slovene as their language of communication, since only 4,300 people in Slovenia declared that they use only Serbian language at home, while about 15,000 declared they use both languages at home. However more than 31,000 people declared their mother tongue as Serbian (and another 36,000 as Serbo-Croatian).

A mixed Slovenian–Serbian slang, ''srboslovenščina'', became an "unofficial" language in football and construction building, among other traditional domains of post-war immigrants from former Yugoslavia.{{sfn|Resic|Törnquist-Plewa|2016|p=199}}

===Religion===
Serbs in Slovenia are predominantly Eastern Orthodox by faith, adhering to the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]]. There is also a substantial number of [[atheists]] and [[agnostics]].

==Notable people==
{{multiple image|perrow=3|width=85
| image1 = Jovan Hadži 1942.jpg| caption1 = [[Jovan Hadži]]
| image2 = Zoran Janković 2008 - SqCrop.jpg| caption2 = [[Zoran Janković (politician)|Zoran Janković]]
| image3 = Robert Pesut crop.jpg| caption3 = [[Magnifico (musician)|Magnifico]]
| image4 = Milenko Acimovic - FK Austria Wien.jpg| caption4 = [[Milenko Ačimovič|M. Aćimović]]
| image5 = MilivojeNovakovic.jpg| caption5 = [[Milivoje Novaković|M. Novaković]]
| image6 = Rasho Nesterovic crop.JPG| caption6 = [[Radoslav Nesterović|R. Nesterović]]
| image7 = SashaVujacic 20060409.jpg| caption7 = [[Sasha Vujačić]]
| image8 = Goran Dragić crop.jpg| caption8 = [[Goran Dragić]]
| image9 = Zoran Dragić 2013.jpg| caption9 = [[Zoran Dragić]]
}}
{{colbegin||25em}}
*[[Milenko Ačimovič]], football player, Serbian parents
*[[Siniša Anđelković]], football player, Serbian parents
*[[Mladen Dabanovič]], football player, Serbian parents
*[[Luka Dončić]], basketball player, father of Serbian origin
*[[Saša Dončić]], basketball player
*[[Jovan Hadži]], zoologist
*[[Spomenka Hribar]], sociologist, politician and public intellectual (Serbian father)
*[[Sara Isakovič]], swimmer (Serbian father)
*[[Zoran Janković (politician)|Zoran Janković]], manager and politician, former mayor of [[Ljubljana]], Serbian-born, Serbian father
*[[Dušan Jovanović (theatre director)|Dušan Jovanović]], theatre director
*[[Darko Karapetrovič]], football player
*[[Marko Milič]], basketball player
*[[Rasho Nesterovič]], basketball player
*[[Milivoje Novakovič]], football player
*[[Damir Pekič]], football player
*[[Robert Pešut - Magnifico|Robert Pešut, a.k.a. "Magnifico"]], singer and actor (Serbian father)
*[[Danilo Popivoda]], football player
*[[Božidar Rašica]], architect, scenographer and painter
*[[Miroslav Radulovič]], football player
*[[Aleksandar Rodić]], football player
*[[Marija Šestak]], athlete
*[[Simona Škrabec]], Slovenian-Catalonian author and translator (Serbian father)
*[[Dalibor Stevanovič]], football player
*[[Slaviša Stojanovič]], former football player and manager, Serbian-born
*[[Zlatko Zahović]], former football player.
*[[Luka Zahović]], football player
*[[Sasha Vujačić]], basketball player, Serbian father
{{colend}}

==See also==
*[[Serb community of White Carniola]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Sources==
*{{cite book|author=Vojislav Stanovčić|title=Položaj i identitet srpske manjine u jugoistočnoj i centralnoj Evropi: zbornik radova sa naučnog skupa održanog 26-29. novembra 2003. godine|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1usWAQAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Srpska Akad. Nauka i Umetnosti}}
*{{cite document|title=The Serbs in Slovenia: A new minority|author=Prelić, Mladena|journal=Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU|year=2009|volume=57|issue=2|pages=53–68}}
*{{cite book|last1=Resic|first1=Sanimir|last2=Törnquist-Plewa|first2=Barbara|title=The Balkans in Focus: Cultural Boundaries in Europe|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=evbACwAAQBAJ|year=2016|publisher=Nordic Academic Press|isbn=978-91-87121-71-5|ref=harv}}

{{Ethnic groups in Slovenia}}
{{Serbian diaspora}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Serbs In Slovenia}}
[[Category:Serbian diaspora in Europe|Slovenia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Slovenia]]
[[Category:Slovenian people of Serbian descent| ]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodoxy in Slovenia]]

Suresh Peters

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148.87.13.6: added a space in "Rahman and"

{{multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=December 2010}}
{{no footnotes|date=December 2010}}
}}

{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Suresh Peters
| image = Suresh.jpg
| birth_Date = [[21 December 1955]]
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Suresh Peters
| origin = India
| instrument = [[Keyboard instrument|Keyboard]], [[drums]], [[piano]], [[Pump organ|harmonium]]
| genre =
| occupation = [[Composer]], [[singer]]
| years_active = 1990–present
| current_members =
| past_members =
}}

'''Suresh Peters''' is a [[music director]] and playback [[rapper]]/[[singer]] for films in India whose notable songs include "[[Chikku Bukku Rayile]]" from ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]] ''and "Style" from the film ''[[Sivaji: The Boss]]''. Peters received his first break as a music director through the Malayalam movie ''[[Punjabi House]]'' in which he composed both melodies and folk songs. He also has four Tamil albums to his credit — ''Minnal'', ''Oviyum'', ''Kaathiruppaen'' and ''Engiruntho''.<ref>http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/29101/</ref>

Suresh Peters is the childhood friend of A R Rahman and Shivamani. They together started a band called Nemesis Avenue. Later when A R Rahman stepped into the film world Suresh Peters sang a lot of songs for his film including "chikku bukku", "Urvasi", "Peterap", "chandralekha etc". He later introduced an album called "Minnal" which became a huge hit. Malayam Movie Directors Rafi Meccartin called him to do Malayalam Movie Punjabi House after hearing this Album. Later he gave music to a lot of Malayalam films and most of them went to become a huge hit.

==Filmography==

===As a singer===
*[[Kadhalan]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]): "Pettai Rap".
*[[Kadhalan]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]): "Urvasi Urvasi".
*[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]): "[[Chikku Bukku Rayile]]"
*[[Thiruda Thiruda]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]): "[[Chandralekha (song)|Chandralekha]]"
*[[Bombay (film)|Bombay]] ([[Hindi]]): "Hamma Hamma".
*Chor Chor ([[Hindi]]): ''Zor Laga''
*[[Aasai]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]): "Shockadikudhu Sona"
*[[Super Police]] ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]): "Choodara En"
*Super Police ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]): "Sundara En Sundara"
*Khel Khiladi Ka ([[Hindi]]): "Khel Hai Yeh Khiladi Ka"
*[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]): "Theme song"
*[[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]] ([[Hindi]]): "Hum Bhi Hain Josh Main"
*Kalamasseriyil Kalyanayogam ([[Malayalam]]): "Manikyaveena" (rap)
*[[Punjabi House]] ([[Malayalam]]): "Sonare" (rap)
*[[Thenkasi Pattanam]] ([[Malayalam]]): "Oru Simham" (rap)
*The Gentleman ([[Hindi]]): "Chika Pika Rika"
*[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]: "Columbus Columbus" (rap)
*[[Varalaru (film)|Godfather]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]): "Ilamai - Remix"
*[[Sivaji (film)|Sivaji]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]): "Style"
*[[Twenty:20 (film)|Twenty:20]] ([[Malayalam]]): "Hey Deewana"
*Coolie ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]): "Adakuttu Katta" and "Hey Rummu Rummu"
*Auto ([[Kannada]]): "Life Is Automatic"
*Love Today (Tamil): "Monica"
*Kandang Le Kozhi(Malaysian Song)- With Vikadakavi(Psycho Unit)

===As a composer===
*[[Punjabi House]] (Malayalam)
*[[Coolie]] (Tamil)
*[[Hanuman Junction (film)|Hanuman Junction]] (Telugu)
*[[Runway (2004 film)|Runway]] (Malayalam)
*[[Thenkasipattanam]] (Malayalam)
*[[Thenkasi Pattanam]] (Tamil)
*Independence (Malayalam)
*[[Mazhathullikilukkam]] (Malayalam)
*[[One Man Show (film)|One Man Show]] (Malayalam)
*[[Raavanaprabhu]] (Malayalam)
*Malayali Mamanu Vanakkam (Malayalam)
*[[Aparichithan]] (Malayalam)
*[[Pandippada]] (Malayalam)
*[[Twenty:20 (film)|Twenty 20]] (Malayalam)
*[[Love in Singapore (2009 film)|Love In Singapore]] (Malayalam)
*Colours (Malayalam)
*[[Mr. Marumakan]] (Malayalam)
*[[Valayar Paramasivam]] (Malayalam)
*[[Shoot Out: Revenge In Action]] (Malayalam

== References ==
<references />

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Peters, Suresh
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indian singer
| DATE OF BIRTH = 21 December 1955
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Suresh Peters}}
[[Category:Indian film singers]]
[[Category:Tamil playback singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian musicians]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Tamil musicians]]
[[Category:Malayalam music directors]]
[[Category:Malayalam playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada playback singers]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]

{{india-film-bio-stub}}

Zdravko Čolić

2015-02-02T18:36:55Z

148.87.13.6:

{{BLP sources|date=October 2009}}
{{Infobox musical artist
|name = Zdravko Čolić
|image = ZdravkoColic.JPG
|caption = Zdravko Čolić in 2007
|background = solo_singer
|alias = Čola
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|5|30|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Sarajevo]], [[People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|PR Bosnia-Herzegovina]], [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia|FPR Yugoslavia]]
|death_date =
|origin = [[Sarajevo]], [[People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
|instrument = [[vocals]], [[acoustic guitar]]
|genre = [[Disco]], [[pop rock]], [[pop-folk]]
|occupation = [[singer]], [[songwriter]]
|Education = [[State university graduated economist]]
|years_active = 1967 – present
|label = Beograd Disk, [[Jugoton]], [[PGP-RTB]], [[Warner Bros. Records]], [[Suzy (record label)|Suzy]], [[Atlantic Records]], [[Diskoton]], [[Komuna (company)|Komuna]], [[PGP-RTS]], BK Sound, [[City Records]]
|associated_acts = [[Kemal Monteno]], [[Ambasadori]], [[Korni Grupa]], [[Goran Bregović]]
|website = [http://www.zdravkocolic-cola.com Official website]
}}
'''Zdravko Čolić''' ({{IPA-sh|zdrǎːv̞kɔ̝ t͡ʃɔ̝̌ːlit͡ɕ|pron}}; born 30 May 1951) is arguably the most famous pop singer to arise from the entire area of [[former Yugoslavia]]. Originally from [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] he became popular in the 1970s.

==Early life==
Born in [[Sarajevo]], [[People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|PR Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia|FPR Yugoslavia]] to [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian Serb]] parents, police administrator Vladimir from Vlahovići village near [[Ljubinje]] and homemaker Stana Čolić from [[Trebinje]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.story.rs/profili/zdravko-colic/biografija/2006-2007/408-cerke-su-me-podmladile |title=Zdravko Čolić |work=story.rs |year=2014 |accessdate=14 July 2014|language=bs}}</ref> young Zdravko showed an early interest in sports. He was active as a football goalkeeper in [[FK Željezničar]]'s youth system, before switching to [[track and field]], where he also excelled. At one point he ran a [[100 meter dash]] in 11.3 seconds, and was continually highly placed at various events he entered (at one of them he finished just behind future star [[Nenad Stekić]]). Čolić gave his sports career up, as he felt he lacked the discipline required to compete.

Zdravko attended Vladimir Perić Valter elementary school in the [[Grbavica (Sarajevo)|Grbavica]] neighbourhood where he grew up. He also attended music school where he studied guitar playing. As a hobby, he took part in various school recitals, and also acted in a couple of plays at the Pionirsko pozoriste (Youth Theatre).

==Early career==

===Early years===
Since the youngest age Čolić also showed an interest in music. With friend Braco Isović, he played guitar at informal and impromptu park gatherings through which they became somewhat locally known as "Čola i Isa sa Grbavice". At the time Čolić was trying to emulate pop [[schlager]] music that dominated Yugoslav and Italian festivals. His first love was Milena Mijatovic from Belgrade.

His first significant public singing experience occurred in 1967, when he spent some time at the Montenegrin coast for the [[Republic Day#29 November in the former Yugoslavia (1945–1990)|Republic Day]]. Staying in the house his father owned in the coastal community of [[Baošići]], 17-year-old Zdravko got persuaded by a friend Nedim Idrizović to enter the amateur signing competition in nearby [[Bijela, Montenegro|Bijela]]. He won second prize singing "[[Lady Madonna]]" by [[The Beatles]].

Encouraged by this unexpected success, and soon after returning to Sarajevo, Čolić entered his first band - a group called '''Mladi i lijepi'''. This engagement didn't last, however, because around the time he graduated high school in 1969, he moved to the more established [[Ambasadori]], a band whose two incarnations he'd end up staying with for next two and a half years.

===Ambasadori===
{{Main|Ambasadori}}
At the time of Čolić's arrival, Ambasadori employed a strange setup: they were essentially a military cover band as all the musicians, except for bandleader Slobodan Vujović, were [[Yugoslav People's Army|army]] recruits. Their repertoire centred around 1960s [[rhythm and blues|rhythm & blues]] ([[Chicago (band)|Chicago]], [[Otis Redding]], [[Wilson Pickett]], etc.) along with obligatory Yugoslav hits of the day and years past, and finally even a few original numbers written by the bandmembers thrown into the mix. Over time, the group started getting more gig offers, which presented a problem since its army part was not available for many of them and those offers had to be declined.

Seeing their opportunities limited by the strange situation, Vujović and Čolić decided to step out and form '''Novi ambasadori''' in 1970, bringing in drummer Perica Stojanović, organist [[Vlado Pravdić]], saxophonist Lale Stefanović, and bassist Zlatko Hold. With the almost all new lineup, the band also expanded its reportoire so that in addition to R&B they now also played covers of [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Blood, Sweat & Tears]], [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]], etc. In the summer of 1970, Novi ambasadori scored a month-long gig with [[Indexi]] in [[Dubrovnik]], which was their first tour-like experience. Next step was competing at the 1971 [[Vaš šlager sezone]] annual festival in Sarajevo where they finished in 7th place with a song "Plačem za tvojim usnama" that songwriter [[Zdenko Runjić]] claimed to have composed and officially signed his name under, despite the fact that it was a blatant rip-off of [[The Tremeloes]]' "Suddenly You Love Me" (which actually is a cover of Riccardo Del Turco's "Uno tranquillo" ). No one from the festival noticed this plagiarism and the band avoided the controversy. The song was even released on a [[7-inch single]] "Plačem za tvojim usnama" / "Zapjevaj" by [[Beograd Disk]] and sold surprisingly well. The performance at Vaš šlager sezone was also significant since it marked the band's first television appearance, exposing them to a much larger audience. One of the people in that TV audience was [[Kornelije Kovač]], an already influential and established figure in Yugoslav music circles, who immediately got intrigued by Čolić's "clean tenor and good stage presence".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX5El5Ujzx4 |title=YouTube |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=14 July 2014}} {{Dead link|date=July 2014}}</ref>

Čolić was soon offered a "bench role" with Indexi, to fill in for their singer [[Davorin Popović]], and even performed with them a couple of times.

===Korni grupa===
{{Main|Korni grupa}}
In the meantime, during summer of 1971, Čolić finally met face to face with Kornelije Kovač who came to see Čolić play in [[Mostar]] and invited him to join his [[Korni Grupa|Korni grupa]] as replacement to their departed singer [[Dado Topić]]. Unlike Amabasadori, Korni grupa performed their own material and generally had a much more studious and serious approach to music, so Čolić immediately jumped at the opportunity.

On 10 September 1971, twenty-year-old Čolić left his hometown and moved to the capital [[Belgrade]] in order to join his new band. However, his stint with Korni grupa ultimately proved to be very short and largely unsuccessful as he never meshed well enough with the rest of the group musically, finding it hard to fit into their [[progressive rock]] style. He recorded three tracks with them, "Kukavica, "Gospa Mica gazdarica", and "Pogledaj u nebo", all of which got released on the 7-inch single by PGP RTB. Track "Gospa Mica gazdarica" managed to create minor controversy due to the slightly risque lyrics written from the perspective of a young man imploring his older female landlord to allow him into her bed - a nod to Čolić's life at the time since he was living away from home in [[sublet]] apartments. Due to numerous complaints, the song got taken off radio playlists.

Soon, however, Čolić and Kovač agreed that it would be better for Zdravko to go solo. Only six months upon his arrival to Belgrade, he returned to Sarajevo determined to give solo career a try.

==Solo career==

===Early activity: Schlager festivals===
On 15 April 1972 Čolić's first solo move was taking part in the [[Vaš šlager sezone]] competitive festival in Sarajevo. He won the third audience prize as well as the interpretation award with [[Kemal Monteno]]-written song "Sinoć nisi bila tu" that was originally meant to be sung by [[Josipa Lisac]] who opted out at the last moment.

Right away, under Kovač's guidance Čolić managed to establish a fair amount of prominence as a solo act - and on 20 May 1972 the two appeared as guests on the very popular [[TV Belgrade]] variety show ''[[Obraz uz obraz]]'' hosted by [[Milena Dravić]] and [[Dragan Nikolić]]. The same year, Čolić made further appearances at the [[Split, Croatia|Split]] festival (with song "Stara pjesma"), [[Priština]] festival, and [[Skopje Festival]] (with song "Moj bol"), before embarking on a tour of [[Soviet Union]] together with [[Indexi]], [[Bisera Veletanlić]], [[Sabahudin Kurt]], and [[Sabina Varešanović]].

===Eurovision and more festivals===
Then came the first big break that launched him on the road to stardom. By winning at the [[Opatija]] festival with song "Gori vatra" written by Kemal Monteno, Čolić got to represent [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]] at the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1973|1973 Eurovision Song Contest]] on 7 April 1973 in [[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]]. The song placed poorly, but became a massive hit at home.

Riding the wave of exposure Eurovision appearance afforded him, Čolić continued entering competitive festivals throughout SFR Yugoslavia over the next two years with plenty of success. At Hit parada festival in Belgrade on 23 November 1974, he won with the song "Ona spava", composed and written by Kornelije Kovač. Next year, 1975, Čolić bagged a few more festival wins with Kovač's songs - Beogradsko proleće with "April u Beogradu", and Vaš šlager sezone with "Zvao sam je Emili". Other songs he performed at various festivals in those years were "Bling blinge bling" (1973 Vaš šlager sezone, composed by Zdenko Runjić), "Ljubav je samo riječ" (1974 Beogradsko proleće, composed by [[Vojkan Borisavljević]]), and "Zelena si rijeka bila" (1974 Vaš šlager sezone, composed by Kemal Monteno).

Around the same time he also signed a deal with the German arm of [[Warner Music Groupc|WEA]] record label and did two singles for that market. German producers were of the opinion that his name is too difficult to pronounce for their consumers so they marketed him as '''Dravco'''. Soon, however, Čolić decided not to pursue his options in that country further mostly because he was unwilling to move to [[Germany]].

===Debut album===
His first solo album was ''Ti i ja'' (You and I) released in 1975 by Jugoton. Closely overseen by Kornelije Kovač, the album brought Čolić more hits like "Vagabund", "Igraš se vatrom", and "Loše vino" (written by [[Arsen Dedić]] and [[Goran Bregović]]). Cover sleeve was done by Dragan S. Stefanović, another collaborator who would remain with Čolić for years to come. Čolić's image especially appealed to girls and women, something that would remain a staple of his entire career. The same year, cashing in on his sudden popularity upswing, PGP RTB released a compilation of his festival singles under the name ''Zdravko Čolić''.

Despite, achieving great prominence already, Čolić continued appearing at the occasional festival such as the Zagreb one in 1976 where surprisingly he finished in fourth place singing "Ti si bila, uvijek bila". At the end of that year he went on a Yugoslavia-wide tour with [[Indexi]]. After the Belgrade concert, the measure of his sudden fame was on public display during autograph-signing at the Jugoton store as the cordon of girls rushed the store, breaking window glass in attempt to get closer to him.

Next year, 1977, he did the festival circuit for the last time. First in Zagreb with "Živiš u oblacima" followed by an appearance at the Festival of Patriotic Songs also in Zagreb where he performed "Druže Tito mi ti se kunemo". That song was soon released on a 7-inch single record and sold in 300,000 copies.

===Mass popularity===
His second album, ''[[Ako priđeš bliže]]'' (If You Come Closer), released later that year was even more successful, creating mass hysteria among girls. The copies were flying off the shelves as 50,000 sold in first two weeks alone. The album sprouted some of his best known and liked songs such as "Glavo luda", "Zagrli me", "Juče još", "Pjevam danju, pjevam noću", "Jedna zima s Kristinom", and "Produži dalje".

On 1 April 1978, he started an ambitious tour of SFR Yugoslavia with Lokice dance group in support of the album that had already sold 150,000 copies. Čolić also started to play the guitar occasionally on stage. Putujući zemljotres (Traveling Earthquake Tour) produced and organized by [[Maksa Ćatović]] moved all over the country, soon becoming a phenomenon the likes of which the country had not seen before. The scenes of screaming girls rushing the stage were repeated in city after city. The tour's climax took place in Belgrade at [[Red Star FC]] [[Marakana|stadium]] on 5 September 1978 with 70,000 people in attendance despite the fact that Zdravko already played two sold out shows in Belgrade a few months earlier on 4 and 8 April at [[Hala Pionir]]. Supporting Čolić on stage that night were Chris Nicholls on keyboards and Dado Topić on bass guitar with old favourites Kornelije Kovač, Arsen Dedić, Kemal Monteno, Josip Boček, Trio Strune and RTV Belgrade singing quintet appearing as guests. Zdravko and the massive tour essentially became a cultural phenomenon transcending musical boundaries such that in the lead up to the big Belgrade concert journalist Dušan Savković and film director Jovan Ristić decided to make a movie about Čolić. Savković wrote a rudimentary screenplay, but the movie ended up being a 90-minute feature documentary titled ''[[Pjevam danju, pjevam noću]]'' that follows Čolić from Belgrade concert onwards and looks back on his career up to that point. Two days after the Belgrade concert, Čolić was in his hometown Sarajevo at [[Koševo Stadium]] for the tour's grand finale, however the rain interrupted much of the concert and the whole thing turned out to be a little anticlimactic. By the end of its promotion cycle, the album sold more than 700,000 copies and with later re-releases during the 1990s went over the million mark.

Čolić also got the attention of Ziggy Loch, director of German WEA, who after watching the Belgrade concert immediately wanted to renew his contract. Singles with songs "Jedina" and "Zagrli me" were released for the German market as well as the disco single "I'm Not a Robot Man" / "Light Me". However, Zdravko refused to move to Germany for the second time, and instead on 14 November 1978 went to serve the mandatory [[Yugoslav People's Army|Yugoslav Army]] stint. Twenty seven years of age at the time, Čolić was assigned to a unit in [[Valjevo]], before getting transferred to Belgrade, and finally [[Požarevac]]. After serving 10 months, he got out on 14 September 1979.

===1980s===

Sometime after coming back into civilian population Čolić started work on his third album that came out in the Spring 1980. Titled ''[[Zbog tebe (Zdravko Čolić album)|Zbog tebe]]'' it brought more hits as Zdravko further cemented his place as the most popular pop performer in SFR Yugoslavia.

In 1983, Čolić moved from his hometown [[Sarajevo]] to [[Ljubljana]] where he started a private business with [[Goran Bregović]] through their Kamarad label. In 1989–90 he lived in [[Domžale]]. On February 22, 1992, during the [[Bosnian War]], he permanently left his home in Sarajevo and settled in Belgrade, where he resides to this day.

===Comeback===

The [[Yugoslav wars]] caused a long pause, and in the late 1990s he embarked on a comeback, and regained much of his popularity.

In 2010, he had a big concert on the [[Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium]] in [[Sarajevo]], within his ''Kad pogledaš me preko ramena'' tour, in front of over 60,000 people. On 25 June 2011, he had the biggest concert of his career on Ušće, in [[Belgrade]] with over 100,000 people. His biggest concert to date, it celebrated his 40-year career.

In April 2014, his guest appearance in the "Kënga ime"-festival in [[Tirana]] sparked controversy in the Albanian media, as some viewed the appearance of a Serb in Tirana as wrong due to the "wounds of the [[Kosovo War]]".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bosnjak-ks.com/clanak/magazin/muzika/srbin-ne-moze-da-pjeva-u-sred-tirane-zdravko-colic-podijelio-albance-video/ |title=Srbin ne može da pjeva u sred Tirane: Zdravko Čolić podijelio Albance |work=Bošnjak-ks.com |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=14 July 2014|language=bs}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Čolić holds a degree in economics from the [[University of Sarajevo]]. He is married to wife Aleksandra and has two daughters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulsonline.rs/licna-karta/171/zdravko-colic-cola |title=Biografija Zdravko Čolić |publisher=Puls |date= |accessdate=14 July 2014|language=bs}}</ref>

==Discography==

===Singles===
*"Sinoć nisi bila tu" / "Tako tiho" (1972)
*"Stara pisma" / "Pod lumbrelom" (1972)
*"[[Gori vatra]]" / "Isti put" (1973)
*"Blinge blinge blinge bling" / "Julija" (1973)
*"Zelena si rijeka bila" / "Nedam ti svoju ljubav" (1973)
*"Dome moj" / "Ljubav je samo riječ" (1974)
*"Madre Mia / "Rock n roll himmel" (released in Germany) (1974)
*"Alles was ich hab / "Lampenfieber" (released in Germany) (1974)
*"Ona spava" / "Zaboravi sva proljeća" (1975)
*"April u Beogradu" / "Svitanje" (1975)
*"Zvao sam je Emili" / "Sonata" (1975)
*"Ti si bila, uvijek bila" / "A sad sam ja na u redu" (1976)
*"Ljubav ima lažni sjaj / "Balerina" (1977)
*"Živiš u oblacima / Zašto spavaš" (1977)
*"Loš glas / "Ne mogu biti tvoj" (1978)
*"Light me" / "I'm not a robot man" (released in Germany) (1978)
*"Druže Tito, mi ti se kunemo" / "Titovim putem" (1980)

===Studio albums===
*''[[Ti i ja]]'' (You And Me) (1975)
*''[[Ako priđeš bliže]]'' (If You Come Closer) (1978)
*''[[Zbog tebe (Zdravko Čolić album)|Zbog tebe]]'' (Because Of You) (1979)
*''[[Malo pojačaj radio]]'' (Turn Up The Radio A Bit) (1981)
*''[[Šta mi radiš]]'' (What Are You Doing To Me?) (1983)
*''[[Ti si mi u krvi]]'' (You Are In My Blood) (1984)
*''[[Zdravko Čolić (album)|Zdravko Čolić]]'' (1988)
*''[[Da ti kažem šta mi je]]'' (To Tell You What I'm Going Through) (1990)
*''[[Kad bi moja bila]]'' (If You Were Mine) (1997)
*''[[Okano (Zdravko Čolić album)|Okano]]'' (2000)
*''[[Čarolija]]'' (Enchantment) (2003)
*''[[Zavičaj]]'' (Homeland) (2006)
*''[[Kad pogledaš me preko ramena]]'' (When you look at me over the shoulder) (2010)
*''[[Vatra i barut]]'' (Fire and gunpowder) (2013)

===Live albums===
*''Belgrade Arena'' (2005) (Live double-CD)

===Compilations===
*Pjesme koje volimo (The Songs We Like) (1984)
*Poslednji i prvi (The First and the Last) (1994)
*Zauvek (Forever)(1998)
*Zauvek 2 (Forever 2) (1999)
*7X Čola Box Set (2000)
*Balade (The Ballads) (2002)
*The Best of Zdravko Čolić (double-CD set) (2004)
*The best of Zdravko Čolić (2008)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.zdravkocolic-cola.com/}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|
before = [[Tereza Kesovija]] |
title = [[Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest]] |
years = 1973 |
after = [[Korni Grupa|Korni grupa]] |
}}
{{S-end}}
{{yupoprock}}

{{commons category|Zdravko Čolić}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=46185692}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Colic, Zdravko
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Bosnian singer
| DATE OF BIRTH =30 May 1951
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Sarajevo]], [[PR Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[FPR Yugoslavia]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Colic, Zdravko}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1973]]
[[Category:Singers from Sarajevo]]
[[Category:Serbian musicians]]
[[Category:Serbian rock singers]]
[[Category:Serbian pop singers]]
[[Category:Serbian male singers]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina musicians]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina rock singers]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina pop singers]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina male singers]]
[[Category:Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Yugoslav male singers]]
[[Category:Yugoslavian Eurovision Song Contest entrants]]
[[Category:University of Sarajevo alumni]]
[[Category:Musicians from Sarajevo]]

Zdravko Čolić

2015-02-02T18:35:52Z

148.87.13.6:

{{BLP sources|date=October 2009}}
{{Infobox musical artist
|name = Zdravko Čolić
|image = ZdravkoColic.JPG
|caption = Zdravko Čolić in 2007
|background = solo_singer
|alias = Čola
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|5|30|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Sarajevo]], [[People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|PR Bosnia-Herzegovina]], [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia|FPR Yugoslavia]]
|death_date =
|origin = [[Sarajevo]], [[People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
|instrument = [[vocals]], [[acoustic guitar]]
|genre = [[Disco]], [[pop rock]], [[pop-folk]]
|occupation = [[singer]], [[songwriter]]
|Education = [[State university graduated economist]]
|years_active = 1967 – present
|label = Beograd Disk, [[Jugoton]], [[PGP-RTB]], [[Warner Bros. Records]], [[Suzy (record label)|Suzy]], [[Atlantic Records]], [[Diskoton]], [[Komuna (company)|Komuna]], [[PGP-RTS]], BK Sound, [[City Records]]
|associated_acts = [[Kemal Monteno]], [[Ambasadori]], [[Korni Grupa]], [[Goran Bregović]]
|website = [http://www.zdravkocolic-cola.com Official website]
}}
'''Zdravko Čolić''' ({{Cyrl|Здравко Чолић|sr}}, {{IPA-sh|zdrǎːv̞kɔ̝ t͡ʃɔ̝̌ːlit͡ɕ|pron}}; born 30 May 1951) is arguably the most famous pop singer to arise from the entire area of [[former Yugoslavia]]. Originally from [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] he became popular in the 1970s.

==Early life==
Born in [[Sarajevo]], [[People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|PR Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia|FPR Yugoslavia]] to [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian Serb]] parents, police administrator Vladimir from Vlahovići village near [[Ljubinje]] and homemaker Stana Čolić from [[Trebinje]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.story.rs/profili/zdravko-colic/biografija/2006-2007/408-cerke-su-me-podmladile |title=Zdravko Čolić |work=story.rs |year=2014 |accessdate=14 July 2014|language=bs}}</ref> young Zdravko showed an early interest in sports. He was active as a football goalkeeper in [[FK Željezničar]]'s youth system, before switching to [[track and field]], where he also excelled. At one point he ran a [[100 meter dash]] in 11.3 seconds, and was continually highly placed at various events he entered (at one of them he finished just behind future star [[Nenad Stekić]]). Čolić gave his sports career up, as he felt he lacked the discipline required to compete.

Zdravko attended Vladimir Perić Valter elementary school in the [[Grbavica (Sarajevo)|Grbavica]] neighbourhood where he grew up. He also attended music school where he studied guitar playing. As a hobby, he took part in various school recitals, and also acted in a couple of plays at the Pionirsko pozoriste (Youth Theatre).

==Early career==

===Early years===
Since the youngest age Čolić also showed an interest in music. With friend Braco Isović, he played guitar at informal and impromptu park gatherings through which they became somewhat locally known as "Čola i Isa sa Grbavice". At the time Čolić was trying to emulate pop [[schlager]] music that dominated Yugoslav and Italian festivals. His first love was Milena Mijatovic from Belgrade.

His first significant public singing experience occurred in 1967, when he spent some time at the Montenegrin coast for the [[Republic Day#29 November in the former Yugoslavia (1945–1990)|Republic Day]]. Staying in the house his father owned in the coastal community of [[Baošići]], 17-year-old Zdravko got persuaded by a friend Nedim Idrizović to enter the amateur signing competition in nearby [[Bijela, Montenegro|Bijela]]. He won second prize singing "[[Lady Madonna]]" by [[The Beatles]].

Encouraged by this unexpected success, and soon after returning to Sarajevo, Čolić entered his first band - a group called '''Mladi i lijepi'''. This engagement didn't last, however, because around the time he graduated high school in 1969, he moved to the more established [[Ambasadori]], a band whose two incarnations he'd end up staying with for next two and a half years.

===Ambasadori===
{{Main|Ambasadori}}
At the time of Čolić's arrival, Ambasadori employed a strange setup: they were essentially a military cover band as all the musicians, except for bandleader Slobodan Vujović, were [[Yugoslav People's Army|army]] recruits. Their repertoire centred around 1960s [[rhythm and blues|rhythm & blues]] ([[Chicago (band)|Chicago]], [[Otis Redding]], [[Wilson Pickett]], etc.) along with obligatory Yugoslav hits of the day and years past, and finally even a few original numbers written by the bandmembers thrown into the mix. Over time, the group started getting more gig offers, which presented a problem since its army part was not available for many of them and those offers had to be declined.

Seeing their opportunities limited by the strange situation, Vujović and Čolić decided to step out and form '''Novi ambasadori''' in 1970, bringing in drummer Perica Stojanović, organist [[Vlado Pravdić]], saxophonist Lale Stefanović, and bassist Zlatko Hold. With the almost all new lineup, the band also expanded its reportoire so that in addition to R&B they now also played covers of [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Blood, Sweat & Tears]], [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]], etc. In the summer of 1970, Novi ambasadori scored a month-long gig with [[Indexi]] in [[Dubrovnik]], which was their first tour-like experience. Next step was competing at the 1971 [[Vaš šlager sezone]] annual festival in Sarajevo where they finished in 7th place with a song "Plačem za tvojim usnama" that songwriter [[Zdenko Runjić]] claimed to have composed and officially signed his name under, despite the fact that it was a blatant rip-off of [[The Tremeloes]]' "Suddenly You Love Me" (which actually is a cover of Riccardo Del Turco's "Uno tranquillo" ). No one from the festival noticed this plagiarism and the band avoided the controversy. The song was even released on a [[7-inch single]] "Plačem za tvojim usnama" / "Zapjevaj" by [[Beograd Disk]] and sold surprisingly well. The performance at Vaš šlager sezone was also significant since it marked the band's first television appearance, exposing them to a much larger audience. One of the people in that TV audience was [[Kornelije Kovač]], an already influential and established figure in Yugoslav music circles, who immediately got intrigued by Čolić's "clean tenor and good stage presence".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX5El5Ujzx4 |title=YouTube |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=14 July 2014}} {{Dead link|date=July 2014}}</ref>

Čolić was soon offered a "bench role" with Indexi, to fill in for their singer [[Davorin Popović]], and even performed with them a couple of times.

===Korni grupa===
{{Main|Korni grupa}}
In the meantime, during summer of 1971, Čolić finally met face to face with Kornelije Kovač who came to see Čolić play in [[Mostar]] and invited him to join his [[Korni Grupa|Korni grupa]] as replacement to their departed singer [[Dado Topić]]. Unlike Amabasadori, Korni grupa performed their own material and generally had a much more studious and serious approach to music, so Čolić immediately jumped at the opportunity.

On 10 September 1971, twenty-year-old Čolić left his hometown and moved to the capital [[Belgrade]] in order to join his new band. However, his stint with Korni grupa ultimately proved to be very short and largely unsuccessful as he never meshed well enough with the rest of the group musically, finding it hard to fit into their [[progressive rock]] style. He recorded three tracks with them, "Kukavica, "Gospa Mica gazdarica", and "Pogledaj u nebo", all of which got released on the 7-inch single by PGP RTB. Track "Gospa Mica gazdarica" managed to create minor controversy due to the slightly risque lyrics written from the perspective of a young man imploring his older female landlord to allow him into her bed - a nod to Čolić's life at the time since he was living away from home in [[sublet]] apartments. Due to numerous complaints, the song got taken off radio playlists.

Soon, however, Čolić and Kovač agreed that it would be better for Zdravko to go solo. Only six months upon his arrival to Belgrade, he returned to Sarajevo determined to give solo career a try.

==Solo career==

===Early activity: Schlager festivals===
On 15 April 1972 Čolić's first solo move was taking part in the [[Vaš šlager sezone]] competitive festival in Sarajevo. He won the third audience prize as well as the interpretation award with [[Kemal Monteno]]-written song "Sinoć nisi bila tu" that was originally meant to be sung by [[Josipa Lisac]] who opted out at the last moment.

Right away, under Kovač's guidance Čolić managed to establish a fair amount of prominence as a solo act - and on 20 May 1972 the two appeared as guests on the very popular [[TV Belgrade]] variety show ''[[Obraz uz obraz]]'' hosted by [[Milena Dravić]] and [[Dragan Nikolić]]. The same year, Čolić made further appearances at the [[Split, Croatia|Split]] festival (with song "Stara pjesma"), [[Priština]] festival, and [[Skopje Festival]] (with song "Moj bol"), before embarking on a tour of [[Soviet Union]] together with [[Indexi]], [[Bisera Veletanlić]], [[Sabahudin Kurt]], and [[Sabina Varešanović]].

===Eurovision and more festivals===
Then came the first big break that launched him on the road to stardom. By winning at the [[Opatija]] festival with song "Gori vatra" written by Kemal Monteno, Čolić got to represent [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]] at the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1973|1973 Eurovision Song Contest]] on 7 April 1973 in [[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]]. The song placed poorly, but became a massive hit at home.

Riding the wave of exposure Eurovision appearance afforded him, Čolić continued entering competitive festivals throughout SFR Yugoslavia over the next two years with plenty of success. At Hit parada festival in Belgrade on 23 November 1974, he won with the song "Ona spava", composed and written by Kornelije Kovač. Next year, 1975, Čolić bagged a few more festival wins with Kovač's songs - Beogradsko proleće with "April u Beogradu", and Vaš šlager sezone with "Zvao sam je Emili". Other songs he performed at various festivals in those years were "Bling blinge bling" (1973 Vaš šlager sezone, composed by Zdenko Runjić), "Ljubav je samo riječ" (1974 Beogradsko proleće, composed by [[Vojkan Borisavljević]]), and "Zelena si rijeka bila" (1974 Vaš šlager sezone, composed by Kemal Monteno).

Around the same time he also signed a deal with the German arm of [[Warner Music Groupc|WEA]] record label and did two singles for that market. German producers were of the opinion that his name is too difficult to pronounce for their consumers so they marketed him as '''Dravco'''. Soon, however, Čolić decided not to pursue his options in that country further mostly because he was unwilling to move to [[Germany]].

===Debut album===
His first solo album was ''Ti i ja'' (You and I) released in 1975 by Jugoton. Closely overseen by Kornelije Kovač, the album brought Čolić more hits like "Vagabund", "Igraš se vatrom", and "Loše vino" (written by [[Arsen Dedić]] and [[Goran Bregović]]). Cover sleeve was done by Dragan S. Stefanović, another collaborator who would remain with Čolić for years to come. Čolić's image especially appealed to girls and women, something that would remain a staple of his entire career. The same year, cashing in on his sudden popularity upswing, PGP RTB released a compilation of his festival singles under the name ''Zdravko Čolić''.

Despite, achieving great prominence already, Čolić continued appearing at the occasional festival such as the Zagreb one in 1976 where surprisingly he finished in fourth place singing "Ti si bila, uvijek bila". At the end of that year he went on a Yugoslavia-wide tour with [[Indexi]]. After the Belgrade concert, the measure of his sudden fame was on public display during autograph-signing at the Jugoton store as the cordon of girls rushed the store, breaking window glass in attempt to get closer to him.

Next year, 1977, he did the festival circuit for the last time. First in Zagreb with "Živiš u oblacima" followed by an appearance at the Festival of Patriotic Songs also in Zagreb where he performed "Druže Tito mi ti se kunemo". That song was soon released on a 7-inch single record and sold in 300,000 copies.

===Mass popularity===
His second album, ''[[Ako priđeš bliže]]'' (If You Come Closer), released later that year was even more successful, creating mass hysteria among girls. The copies were flying off the shelves as 50,000 sold in first two weeks alone. The album sprouted some of his best known and liked songs such as "Glavo luda", "Zagrli me", "Juče još", "Pjevam danju, pjevam noću", "Jedna zima s Kristinom", and "Produži dalje".

On 1 April 1978, he started an ambitious tour of SFR Yugoslavia with Lokice dance group in support of the album that had already sold 150,000 copies. Čolić also started to play the guitar occasionally on stage. Putujući zemljotres (Traveling Earthquake Tour) produced and organized by [[Maksa Ćatović]] moved all over the country, soon becoming a phenomenon the likes of which the country had not seen before. The scenes of screaming girls rushing the stage were repeated in city after city. The tour's climax took place in Belgrade at [[Red Star FC]] [[Marakana|stadium]] on 5 September 1978 with 70,000 people in attendance despite the fact that Zdravko already played two sold out shows in Belgrade a few months earlier on 4 and 8 April at [[Hala Pionir]]. Supporting Čolić on stage that night were Chris Nicholls on keyboards and Dado Topić on bass guitar with old favourites Kornelije Kovač, Arsen Dedić, Kemal Monteno, Josip Boček, Trio Strune and RTV Belgrade singing quintet appearing as guests. Zdravko and the massive tour essentially became a cultural phenomenon transcending musical boundaries such that in the lead up to the big Belgrade concert journalist Dušan Savković and film director Jovan Ristić decided to make a movie about Čolić. Savković wrote a rudimentary screenplay, but the movie ended up being a 90-minute feature documentary titled ''[[Pjevam danju, pjevam noću]]'' that follows Čolić from Belgrade concert onwards and looks back on his career up to that point. Two days after the Belgrade concert, Čolić was in his hometown Sarajevo at [[Koševo Stadium]] for the tour's grand finale, however the rain interrupted much of the concert and the whole thing turned out to be a little anticlimactic. By the end of its promotion cycle, the album sold more than 700,000 copies and with later re-releases during the 1990s went over the million mark.

Čolić also got the attention of Ziggy Loch, director of German WEA, who after watching the Belgrade concert immediately wanted to renew his contract. Singles with songs "Jedina" and "Zagrli me" were released for the German market as well as the disco single "I'm Not a Robot Man" / "Light Me". However, Zdravko refused to move to Germany for the second time, and instead on 14 November 1978 went to serve the mandatory [[Yugoslav People's Army|Yugoslav Army]] stint. Twenty seven years of age at the time, Čolić was assigned to a unit in [[Valjevo]], before getting transferred to Belgrade, and finally [[Požarevac]]. After serving 10 months, he got out on 14 September 1979.

===1980s===

Sometime after coming back into civilian population Čolić started work on his third album that came out in the Spring 1980. Titled ''[[Zbog tebe (Zdravko Čolić album)|Zbog tebe]]'' it brought more hits as Zdravko further cemented his place as the most popular pop performer in SFR Yugoslavia.

In 1983, Čolić moved from his hometown [[Sarajevo]] to [[Ljubljana]] where he started a private business with [[Goran Bregović]] through their Kamarad label. In 1989–90 he lived in [[Domžale]]. On February 22, 1992, during the [[Bosnian War]], he permanently left his home in Sarajevo and settled in Belgrade, where he resides to this day.

===Comeback===

The [[Yugoslav wars]] caused a long pause, and in the late 1990s he embarked on a comeback, and regained much of his popularity.

In 2010, he had a big concert on the [[Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium]] in [[Sarajevo]], within his ''Kad pogledaš me preko ramena'' tour, in front of over 60,000 people. On 25 June 2011, he had the biggest concert of his career on Ušće, in [[Belgrade]] with over 100,000 people. His biggest concert to date, it celebrated his 40-year career.

In April 2014, his guest appearance in the "Kënga ime"-festival in [[Tirana]] sparked controversy in the Albanian media, as some viewed the appearance of a Serb in Tirana as wrong due to the "wounds of the [[Kosovo War]]".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bosnjak-ks.com/clanak/magazin/muzika/srbin-ne-moze-da-pjeva-u-sred-tirane-zdravko-colic-podijelio-albance-video/ |title=Srbin ne može da pjeva u sred Tirane: Zdravko Čolić podijelio Albance |work=Bošnjak-ks.com |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=14 July 2014|language=bs}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Čolić holds a degree in economics from the [[University of Sarajevo]]. He is married to wife Aleksandra and has two daughters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulsonline.rs/licna-karta/171/zdravko-colic-cola |title=Biografija Zdravko Čolić |publisher=Puls |date= |accessdate=14 July 2014|language=bs}}</ref>

==Discography==

===Singles===
*"Sinoć nisi bila tu" / "Tako tiho" (1972)
*"Stara pisma" / "Pod lumbrelom" (1972)
*"[[Gori vatra]]" / "Isti put" (1973)
*"Blinge blinge blinge bling" / "Julija" (1973)
*"Zelena si rijeka bila" / "Nedam ti svoju ljubav" (1973)
*"Dome moj" / "Ljubav je samo riječ" (1974)
*"Madre Mia / "Rock n roll himmel" (released in Germany) (1974)
*"Alles was ich hab / "Lampenfieber" (released in Germany) (1974)
*"Ona spava" / "Zaboravi sva proljeća" (1975)
*"April u Beogradu" / "Svitanje" (1975)
*"Zvao sam je Emili" / "Sonata" (1975)
*"Ti si bila, uvijek bila" / "A sad sam ja na u redu" (1976)
*"Ljubav ima lažni sjaj / "Balerina" (1977)
*"Živiš u oblacima / Zašto spavaš" (1977)
*"Loš glas / "Ne mogu biti tvoj" (1978)
*"Light me" / "I'm not a robot man" (released in Germany) (1978)
*"Druže Tito, mi ti se kunemo" / "Titovim putem" (1980)

===Studio albums===
*''[[Ti i ja]]'' (You And Me) (1975)
*''[[Ako priđeš bliže]]'' (If You Come Closer) (1978)
*''[[Zbog tebe (Zdravko Čolić album)|Zbog tebe]]'' (Because Of You) (1979)
*''[[Malo pojačaj radio]]'' (Turn Up The Radio A Bit) (1981)
*''[[Šta mi radiš]]'' (What Are You Doing To Me?) (1983)
*''[[Ti si mi u krvi]]'' (You Are In My Blood) (1984)
*''[[Zdravko Čolić (album)|Zdravko Čolić]]'' (1988)
*''[[Da ti kažem šta mi je]]'' (To Tell You What I'm Going Through) (1990)
*''[[Kad bi moja bila]]'' (If You Were Mine) (1997)
*''[[Okano (Zdravko Čolić album)|Okano]]'' (2000)
*''[[Čarolija]]'' (Enchantment) (2003)
*''[[Zavičaj]]'' (Homeland) (2006)
*''[[Kad pogledaš me preko ramena]]'' (When you look at me over the shoulder) (2010)
*''[[Vatra i barut]]'' (Fire and gunpowder) (2013)

===Live albums===
*''Belgrade Arena'' (2005) (Live double-CD)

===Compilations===
*Pjesme koje volimo (The Songs We Like) (1984)
*Poslednji i prvi (The First and the Last) (1994)
*Zauvek (Forever)(1998)
*Zauvek 2 (Forever 2) (1999)
*7X Čola Box Set (2000)
*Balade (The Ballads) (2002)
*The Best of Zdravko Čolić (double-CD set) (2004)
*The best of Zdravko Čolić (2008)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.zdravkocolic-cola.com/}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|
before = [[Tereza Kesovija]] |
title = [[Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest]] |
years = 1973 |
after = [[Korni Grupa|Korni grupa]] |
}}
{{S-end}}
{{yupoprock}}

{{commons category|Zdravko Čolić}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=46185692}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Colic, Zdravko
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Bosnian singer
| DATE OF BIRTH =30 May 1951
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Sarajevo]], [[PR Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[FPR Yugoslavia]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Colic, Zdravko}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1973]]
[[Category:Singers from Sarajevo]]
[[Category:Serbian musicians]]
[[Category:Serbian rock singers]]
[[Category:Serbian pop singers]]
[[Category:Serbian male singers]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina musicians]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina rock singers]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina pop singers]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina male singers]]
[[Category:Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Yugoslav male singers]]
[[Category:Yugoslavian Eurovision Song Contest entrants]]
[[Category:University of Sarajevo alumni]]
[[Category:Musicians from Sarajevo]]

Zdravko Čolić

2015-02-02T18:33:45Z

148.87.13.6:

{{BLP sources|date=October 2009}}
{{Infobox musical artist
|name = Zdravko Čolić
|image = ZdravkoColic.JPG
|caption = Zdravko Čolić in 2007
|background = solo_singer
|alias = Čola
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|5|30|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Sarajevo]], [[People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|PR Bosnia-Herzegovina]], [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia|FPR Yugoslavia]]
|death_date =
|origin = [[Sarajevo]], [[People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
|instrument = [[vocals]], [[acoustic guitar]]
|genre = [[Disco]], [[pop rock]], [[pop-folk]]
|occupation = [[singer]], [[songwriter]]
|Education = [[State university graduated economist]]
|years_active = 1967 – present
|label = Beograd Disk, [[Jugoton]], [[PGP-RTB]], [[Warner Bros. Records]], [[Suzy (record label)|Suzy]], [[Atlantic Records]], [[Diskoton]], [[Komuna (company)|Komuna]], [[PGP-RTS]], BK Sound, [[City Records]]
|associated_acts = [[Kemal Monteno]], [[Ambasadori]], [[Korni Grupa]], [[Goran Bregović]]
|website = [http://www.zdravkocolic-cola.com Official website]
}}
'''Zdravko Čolić''' ({{Cyrl|Здравко Чолић|sr}}, {{IPA-sh|zdrǎːv̞kɔ̝ t͡ʃɔ̝̌ːlit͡ɕ|pron}}; born 30 May 1951) is a Yugoslav pop singer, very popular across the entire area of [[former Yugoslavia]]. Originally from [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] he became popular in the 1970s.

==Early life==
Born in [[Sarajevo]], [[People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|PR Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia|FPR Yugoslavia]] to [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian Serb]] parents, police administrator Vladimir from Vlahovići village near [[Ljubinje]] and homemaker Stana Čolić from [[Trebinje]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.story.rs/profili/zdravko-colic/biografija/2006-2007/408-cerke-su-me-podmladile |title=Zdravko Čolić |work=story.rs |year=2014 |accessdate=14 July 2014|language=bs}}</ref> young Zdravko showed an early interest in sports. He was active as a football goalkeeper in [[FK Željezničar]]'s youth system, before switching to [[track and field]], where he also excelled. At one point he ran a [[100 meter dash]] in 11.3 seconds, and was continually highly placed at various events he entered (at one of them he finished just behind future star [[Nenad Stekić]]). Čolić gave his sports career up, as he felt he lacked the discipline required to compete.

Zdravko attended Vladimir Perić Valter elementary school in the [[Grbavica (Sarajevo)|Grbavica]] neighbourhood where he grew up. He also attended music school where he studied guitar playing. As a hobby, he took part in various school recitals, and also acted in a couple of plays at the Pionirsko pozoriste (Youth Theatre).

==Early career==

===Early years===
Since the youngest age Čolić also showed an interest in music. With friend Braco Isović, he played guitar at informal and impromptu park gatherings through which they became somewhat locally known as "Čola i Isa sa Grbavice". At the time Čolić was trying to emulate pop [[schlager]] music that dominated Yugoslav and Italian festivals. His first love was Milena Mijatovic from Belgrade.

His first significant public singing experience occurred in 1967, when he spent some time at the Montenegrin coast for the [[Republic Day#29 November in the former Yugoslavia (1945–1990)|Republic Day]]. Staying in the house his father owned in the coastal community of [[Baošići]], 17-year-old Zdravko got persuaded by a friend Nedim Idrizović to enter the amateur signing competition in nearby [[Bijela, Montenegro|Bijela]]. He won second prize singing "[[Lady Madonna]]" by [[The Beatles]].

Encouraged by this unexpected success, and soon after returning to Sarajevo, Čolić entered his first band - a group called '''Mladi i lijepi'''. This engagement didn't last, however, because around the time he graduated high school in 1969, he moved to the more established [[Ambasadori]], a band whose two incarnations he'd end up staying with for next two and a half years.

===Ambasadori===
{{Main|Ambasadori}}
At the time of Čolić's arrival, Ambasadori employed a strange setup: they were essentially a military cover band as all the musicians, except for bandleader Slobodan Vujović, were [[Yugoslav People's Army|army]] recruits. Their repertoire centred around 1960s [[rhythm and blues|rhythm & blues]] ([[Chicago (band)|Chicago]], [[Otis Redding]], [[Wilson Pickett]], etc.) along with obligatory Yugoslav hits of the day and years past, and finally even a few original numbers written by the bandmembers thrown into the mix. Over time, the group started getting more gig offers, which presented a problem since its army part was not available for many of them and those offers had to be declined.

Seeing their opportunities limited by the strange situation, Vujović and Čolić decided to step out and form '''Novi ambasadori''' in 1970, bringing in drummer Perica Stojanović, organist [[Vlado Pravdić]], saxophonist Lale Stefanović, and bassist Zlatko Hold. With the almost all new lineup, the band also expanded its reportoire so that in addition to R&B they now also played covers of [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Blood, Sweat & Tears]], [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]], etc. In the summer of 1970, Novi ambasadori scored a month-long gig with [[Indexi]] in [[Dubrovnik]], which was their first tour-like experience. Next step was competing at the 1971 [[Vaš šlager sezone]] annual festival in Sarajevo where they finished in 7th place with a song "Plačem za tvojim usnama" that songwriter [[Zdenko Runjić]] claimed to have composed and officially signed his name under, despite the fact that it was a blatant rip-off of [[The Tremeloes]]' "Suddenly You Love Me" (which actually is a cover of Riccardo Del Turco's "Uno tranquillo" ). No one from the festival noticed this plagiarism and the band avoided the controversy. The song was even released on a [[7-inch single]] "Plačem za tvojim usnama" / "Zapjevaj" by [[Beograd Disk]] and sold surprisingly well. The performance at Vaš šlager sezone was also significant since it marked the band's first television appearance, exposing them to a much larger audience. One of the people in that TV audience was [[Kornelije Kovač]], an already influential and established figure in Yugoslav music circles, who immediately got intrigued by Čolić's "clean tenor and good stage presence".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX5El5Ujzx4 |title=YouTube |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=14 July 2014}} {{Dead link|date=July 2014}}</ref>

Čolić was soon offered a "bench role" with Indexi, to fill in for their singer [[Davorin Popović]], and even performed with them a couple of times.

===Korni grupa===
{{Main|Korni grupa}}
In the meantime, during summer of 1971, Čolić finally met face to face with Kornelije Kovač who came to see Čolić play in [[Mostar]] and invited him to join his [[Korni Grupa|Korni grupa]] as replacement to their departed singer [[Dado Topić]]. Unlike Amabasadori, Korni grupa performed their own material and generally had a much more studious and serious approach to music, so Čolić immediately jumped at the opportunity.

On 10 September 1971, twenty-year-old Čolić left his hometown and moved to the capital [[Belgrade]] in order to join his new band. However, his stint with Korni grupa ultimately proved to be very short and largely unsuccessful as he never meshed well enough with the rest of the group musically, finding it hard to fit into their [[progressive rock]] style. He recorded three tracks with them, "Kukavica, "Gospa Mica gazdarica", and "Pogledaj u nebo", all of which got released on the 7-inch single by PGP RTB. Track "Gospa Mica gazdarica" managed to create minor controversy due to the slightly risque lyrics written from the perspective of a young man imploring his older female landlord to allow him into her bed - a nod to Čolić's life at the time since he was living away from home in [[sublet]] apartments. Due to numerous complaints, the song got taken off radio playlists.

Soon, however, Čolić and Kovač agreed that it would be better for Zdravko to go solo. Only six months upon his arrival to Belgrade, he returned to Sarajevo determined to give solo career a try.

==Solo career==

===Early activity: Schlager festivals===
On 15 April 1972 Čolić's first solo move was taking part in the [[Vaš šlager sezone]] competitive festival in Sarajevo. He won the third audience prize as well as the interpretation award with [[Kemal Monteno]]-written song "Sinoć nisi bila tu" that was originally meant to be sung by [[Josipa Lisac]] who opted out at the last moment.

Right away, under Kovač's guidance Čolić managed to establish a fair amount of prominence as a solo act - and on 20 May 1972 the two appeared as guests on the very popular [[TV Belgrade]] variety show ''[[Obraz uz obraz]]'' hosted by [[Milena Dravić]] and [[Dragan Nikolić]]. The same year, Čolić made further appearances at the [[Split, Croatia|Split]] festival (with song "Stara pjesma"), [[Priština]] festival, and [[Skopje Festival]] (with song "Moj bol"), before embarking on a tour of [[Soviet Union]] together with [[Indexi]], [[Bisera Veletanlić]], [[Sabahudin Kurt]], and [[Sabina Varešanović]].

===Eurovision and more festivals===
Then came the first big break that launched him on the road to stardom. By winning at the [[Opatija]] festival with song "Gori vatra" written by Kemal Monteno, Čolić got to represent [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]] at the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1973|1973 Eurovision Song Contest]] on 7 April 1973 in [[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]]. The song placed poorly, but became a massive hit at home.

Riding the wave of exposure Eurovision appearance afforded him, Čolić continued entering competitive festivals throughout SFR Yugoslavia over the next two years with plenty of success. At Hit parada festival in Belgrade on 23 November 1974, he won with the song "Ona spava", composed and written by Kornelije Kovač. Next year, 1975, Čolić bagged a few more festival wins with Kovač's songs - Beogradsko proleće with "April u Beogradu", and Vaš šlager sezone with "Zvao sam je Emili". Other songs he performed at various festivals in those years were "Bling blinge bling" (1973 Vaš šlager sezone, composed by Zdenko Runjić), "Ljubav je samo riječ" (1974 Beogradsko proleće, composed by [[Vojkan Borisavljević]]), and "Zelena si rijeka bila" (1974 Vaš šlager sezone, composed by Kemal Monteno).

Around the same time he also signed a deal with the German arm of [[Warner Music Groupc|WEA]] record label and did two singles for that market. German producers were of the opinion that his name is too difficult to pronounce for their consumers so they marketed him as '''Dravco'''. Soon, however, Čolić decided not to pursue his options in that country further mostly because he was unwilling to move to [[Germany]].

===Debut album===
His first solo album was ''Ti i ja'' (You and I) released in 1975 by Jugoton. Closely overseen by Kornelije Kovač, the album brought Čolić more hits like "Vagabund", "Igraš se vatrom", and "Loše vino" (written by [[Arsen Dedić]] and [[Goran Bregović]]). Cover sleeve was done by Dragan S. Stefanović, another collaborator who would remain with Čolić for years to come. Čolić's image especially appealed to girls and women, something that would remain a staple of his entire career. The same year, cashing in on his sudden popularity upswing, PGP RTB released a compilation of his festival singles under the name ''Zdravko Čolić''.

Despite, achieving great prominence already, Čolić continued appearing at the occasional festival such as the Zagreb one in 1976 where surprisingly he finished in fourth place singing "Ti si bila, uvijek bila". At the end of that year he went on a Yugoslavia-wide tour with [[Indexi]]. After the Belgrade concert, the measure of his sudden fame was on public display during autograph-signing at the Jugoton store as the cordon of girls rushed the store, breaking window glass in attempt to get closer to him.

Next year, 1977, he did the festival circuit for the last time. First in Zagreb with "Živiš u oblacima" followed by an appearance at the Festival of Patriotic Songs also in Zagreb where he performed "Druže Tito mi ti se kunemo". That song was soon released on a 7-inch single record and sold in 300,000 copies.

===Mass popularity===
His second album, ''[[Ako priđeš bliže]]'' (If You Come Closer), released later that year was even more successful, creating mass hysteria among girls. The copies were flying off the shelves as 50,000 sold in first two weeks alone. The album sprouted some of his best known and liked songs such as "Glavo luda", "Zagrli me", "Juče još", "Pjevam danju, pjevam noću", "Jedna zima s Kristinom", and "Produži dalje".

On 1 April 1978, he started an ambitious tour of SFR Yugoslavia with Lokice dance group in support of the album that had already sold 150,000 copies. Čolić also started to play the guitar occasionally on stage. Putujući zemljotres (Traveling Earthquake Tour) produced and organized by [[Maksa Ćatović]] moved all over the country, soon becoming a phenomenon the likes of which the country had not seen before. The scenes of screaming girls rushing the stage were repeated in city after city. The tour's climax took place in Belgrade at [[Red Star FC]] [[Marakana|stadium]] on 5 September 1978 with 70,000 people in attendance despite the fact that Zdravko already played two sold out shows in Belgrade a few months earlier on 4 and 8 April at [[Hala Pionir]]. Supporting Čolić on stage that night were Chris Nicholls on keyboards and Dado Topić on bass guitar with old favourites Kornelije Kovač, Arsen Dedić, Kemal Monteno, Josip Boček, Trio Strune and RTV Belgrade singing quintet appearing as guests. Zdravko and the massive tour essentially became a cultural phenomenon transcending musical boundaries such that in the lead up to the big Belgrade concert journalist Dušan Savković and film director Jovan Ristić decided to make a movie about Čolić. Savković wrote a rudimentary screenplay, but the movie ended up being a 90-minute feature documentary titled ''[[Pjevam danju, pjevam noću]]'' that follows Čolić from Belgrade concert onwards and looks back on his career up to that point. Two days after the Belgrade concert, Čolić was in his hometown Sarajevo at [[Koševo Stadium]] for the tour's grand finale, however the rain interrupted much of the concert and the whole thing turned out to be a little anticlimactic. By the end of its promotion cycle, the album sold more than 700,000 copies and with later re-releases during the 1990s went over the million mark.

Čolić also got the attention of Ziggy Loch, director of German WEA, who after watching the Belgrade concert immediately wanted to renew his contract. Singles with songs "Jedina" and "Zagrli me" were released for the German market as well as the disco single "I'm Not a Robot Man" / "Light Me". However, Zdravko refused to move to Germany for the second time, and instead on 14 November 1978 went to serve the mandatory [[Yugoslav People's Army|Yugoslav Army]] stint. Twenty seven years of age at the time, Čolić was assigned to a unit in [[Valjevo]], before getting transferred to Belgrade, and finally [[Požarevac]]. After serving 10 months, he got out on 14 September 1979.

===1980s===

Sometime after coming back into civilian population Čolić started work on his third album that came out in the Spring 1980. Titled ''[[Zbog tebe (Zdravko Čolić album)|Zbog tebe]]'' it brought more hits as Zdravko further cemented his place as the most popular pop performer in SFR Yugoslavia.

In 1983, Čolić moved from his hometown [[Sarajevo]] to [[Ljubljana]] where he started a private business with [[Goran Bregović]] through their Kamarad label. In 1989–90 he lived in [[Domžale]]. On February 22, 1992, during the [[Bosnian War]], he permanently left his home in Sarajevo and settled in Belgrade, where he resides to this day.

===Comeback===

The [[Yugoslav wars]] caused a long pause, and in the late 1990s he embarked on a comeback, and regained much of his popularity.

In 2010, he had a big concert on the [[Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium]] in [[Sarajevo]], within his ''Kad pogledaš me preko ramena'' tour, in front of over 60,000 people. On 25 June 2011, he had the biggest concert of his career on Ušće, in [[Belgrade]] with over 100,000 people. His biggest concert to date, it celebrated his 40-year career.

In April 2014, his guest appearance in the "Kënga ime"-festival in [[Tirana]] sparked controversy in the Albanian media, as some viewed the appearance of a Serb in Tirana as wrong due to the "wounds of the [[Kosovo War]]".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bosnjak-ks.com/clanak/magazin/muzika/srbin-ne-moze-da-pjeva-u-sred-tirane-zdravko-colic-podijelio-albance-video/ |title=Srbin ne može da pjeva u sred Tirane: Zdravko Čolić podijelio Albance |work=Bošnjak-ks.com |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=14 July 2014|language=bs}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Čolić holds a degree in economics from the [[University of Sarajevo]]. He is married to wife Aleksandra and has two daughters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulsonline.rs/licna-karta/171/zdravko-colic-cola |title=Biografija Zdravko Čolić |publisher=Puls |date= |accessdate=14 July 2014|language=bs}}</ref>

==Discography==

===Singles===
*"Sinoć nisi bila tu" / "Tako tiho" (1972)
*"Stara pisma" / "Pod lumbrelom" (1972)
*"[[Gori vatra]]" / "Isti put" (1973)
*"Blinge blinge blinge bling" / "Julija" (1973)
*"Zelena si rijeka bila" / "Nedam ti svoju ljubav" (1973)
*"Dome moj" / "Ljubav je samo riječ" (1974)
*"Madre Mia / "Rock n roll himmel" (released in Germany) (1974)
*"Alles was ich hab / "Lampenfieber" (released in Germany) (1974)
*"Ona spava" / "Zaboravi sva proljeća" (1975)
*"April u Beogradu" / "Svitanje" (1975)
*"Zvao sam je Emili" / "Sonata" (1975)
*"Ti si bila, uvijek bila" / "A sad sam ja na u redu" (1976)
*"Ljubav ima lažni sjaj / "Balerina" (1977)
*"Živiš u oblacima / Zašto spavaš" (1977)
*"Loš glas / "Ne mogu biti tvoj" (1978)
*"Light me" / "I'm not a robot man" (released in Germany) (1978)
*"Druže Tito, mi ti se kunemo" / "Titovim putem" (1980)

===Studio albums===
*''[[Ti i ja]]'' (You And Me) (1975)
*''[[Ako priđeš bliže]]'' (If You Come Closer) (1978)
*''[[Zbog tebe (Zdravko Čolić album)|Zbog tebe]]'' (Because Of You) (1979)
*''[[Malo pojačaj radio]]'' (Turn Up The Radio A Bit) (1981)
*''[[Šta mi radiš]]'' (What Are You Doing To Me?) (1983)
*''[[Ti si mi u krvi]]'' (You Are In My Blood) (1984)
*''[[Zdravko Čolić (album)|Zdravko Čolić]]'' (1988)
*''[[Da ti kažem šta mi je]]'' (To Tell You What I'm Going Through) (1990)
*''[[Kad bi moja bila]]'' (If You Were Mine) (1997)
*''[[Okano (Zdravko Čolić album)|Okano]]'' (2000)
*''[[Čarolija]]'' (Enchantment) (2003)
*''[[Zavičaj]]'' (Homeland) (2006)
*''[[Kad pogledaš me preko ramena]]'' (When you look at me over the shoulder) (2010)
*''[[Vatra i barut]]'' (Fire and gunpowder) (2013)

===Live albums===
*''Belgrade Arena'' (2005) (Live double-CD)

===Compilations===
*Pjesme koje volimo (The Songs We Like) (1984)
*Poslednji i prvi (The First and the Last) (1994)
*Zauvek (Forever)(1998)
*Zauvek 2 (Forever 2) (1999)
*7X Čola Box Set (2000)
*Balade (The Ballads) (2002)
*The Best of Zdravko Čolić (double-CD set) (2004)
*The best of Zdravko Čolić (2008)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.zdravkocolic-cola.com/}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|
before = [[Tereza Kesovija]] |
title = [[Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest]] |
years = 1973 |
after = [[Korni Grupa|Korni grupa]] |
}}
{{S-end}}
{{yupoprock}}

{{commons category|Zdravko Čolić}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=46185692}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Colic, Zdravko
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Bosnian singer
| DATE OF BIRTH =30 May 1951
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Sarajevo]], [[PR Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[FPR Yugoslavia]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Colic, Zdravko}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1973]]
[[Category:Singers from Sarajevo]]
[[Category:Serbian musicians]]
[[Category:Serbian rock singers]]
[[Category:Serbian pop singers]]
[[Category:Serbian male singers]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina musicians]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina rock singers]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina pop singers]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina male singers]]
[[Category:Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Yugoslav male singers]]
[[Category:Yugoslavian Eurovision Song Contest entrants]]
[[Category:University of Sarajevo alumni]]
[[Category:Musicians from Sarajevo]]

Talk:Zdravko Čolić

2015-02-02T18:32:54Z

148.87.13.6: /* A Serb */

{{WikiProjectBannerShell|blp=yes|1=
{{WikiProject Biography|living=yes
|class=C
|musician-work-group=yes
|listas=Colic, Zdravko
}}
{{WikiProject Serbia|class=B|importance=High}}
{{WikiProject Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{WikiProject Yugoslavia}}
{{WikiProject Music genres|class=start}}
{{WikiProject Eurovision|class=start|importance=low}}
{{WikiProject Pop music}}
}}

==A Serb==
Not a Serb. "Yugoslav" is probably most fair, even if the country does not exist any more.

== Nationality ==
I agree with [[User:Evlekis]] that "ethnicity should be kept at arms length if discussing music or art", but if we don't state his nationality, somebody will edit the article and add it. So, it's better we put it right away, I think. --[[User:Dijxtra|Dijxtra]] 13:37, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

For God's sake, if there are a lot of people who feel strongly that his nationality should be mentioned, than it should be mentioned. It's realy tautological.

== Why ist it always "for God's sake.." when a Serb is famous and popular? ==

They want to make a croat out of Nikola Tesla. They don't want it to be mentioned that Colic is Serbian. There is not a single Wikipeida biography where nationality is not mentioned.
This is anti-serb racism. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:84.150.90.252|84.150.90.252]] ([[User talk:84.150.90.252|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/84.150.90.252|contribs]]) 

: What is racism? The article says he is Serb. Is that racism? --[[User:Dijxtra|Dijxtra]] 21:59, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

== Zdravko Colic's own words ==

*[http://www.geocities.com/lara5552003/int87.html Interview]
**"Ja sam se odlaskom iz '''Sarajeva '84'''. "ispisao" iz sarajevske raje. Tolike godine sam stanovnik '''Beograda''', volim ga...", "Nisam od onih koji su zato sto su dosli da zive u Srbiju, poceli naprasno da govore ekavski. To sto pricam (i pevam) ijekavicom, '''ne znaci da sam manji Srbin od drugih!''' I Vuk je rekao da je '''najcistiji srpski jezik u okolini Trebinja'''. U svakom slucaju, ostao sam dosledan sebi. Na sta bi licilo da posle nekoliko decenija odjednom pocnem da pevam na ekavskom?! Komentari bi bili tipa - "sta sad ovaj hoce, sta srbuje"." —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Nexm0d|Nexm0d]] ([[User talk:Nexm0d|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nexm0d|contribs]]) 21:52, 22 December 2006 (UTC).

An interview on a geocites webpage, that isn't very trustworthy. By 83.233.196.41

Talk:Zdravko Čolić

2015-02-02T18:31:51Z

148.87.13.6: /* A Serb */

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==A Serb==
! —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/79.101.240.78|79.101.240.78]] ([[User talk:79.101.240.78|talk]]) 14:07, 14 November 2010 (UTC) 

== Nationality ==
I agree with [[User:Evlekis]] that "ethnicity should be kept at arms length if discussing music or art", but if we don't state his nationality, somebody will edit the article and add it. So, it's better we put it right away, I think. --[[User:Dijxtra|Dijxtra]] 13:37, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

For God's sake, if there are a lot of people who feel strongly that his nationality should be mentioned, than it should be mentioned. It's realy tautological.

== Why ist it always "for God's sake.." when a Serb is famous and popular? ==

They want to make a croat out of Nikola Tesla. They don't want it to be mentioned that Colic is Serbian. There is not a single Wikipeida biography where nationality is not mentioned.
This is anti-serb racism. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:84.150.90.252|84.150.90.252]] ([[User talk:84.150.90.252|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/84.150.90.252|contribs]]) 

: What is racism? The article says he is Serb. Is that racism? --[[User:Dijxtra|Dijxtra]] 21:59, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

== Zdravko Colic's own words ==

*[http://www.geocities.com/lara5552003/int87.html Interview]
**"Ja sam se odlaskom iz '''Sarajeva '84'''. "ispisao" iz sarajevske raje. Tolike godine sam stanovnik '''Beograda''', volim ga...", "Nisam od onih koji su zato sto su dosli da zive u Srbiju, poceli naprasno da govore ekavski. To sto pricam (i pevam) ijekavicom, '''ne znaci da sam manji Srbin od drugih!''' I Vuk je rekao da je '''najcistiji srpski jezik u okolini Trebinja'''. U svakom slucaju, ostao sam dosledan sebi. Na sta bi licilo da posle nekoliko decenija odjednom pocnem da pevam na ekavskom?! Komentari bi bili tipa - "sta sad ovaj hoce, sta srbuje"." —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Nexm0d|Nexm0d]] ([[User talk:Nexm0d|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nexm0d|contribs]]) 21:52, 22 December 2006 (UTC).

An interview on a geocites webpage, that isn't very trustworthy. By 83.233.196.41

Talk:Pete Sampras

2015-01-26T17:47:14Z

148.87.13.6: /* Greek Origin */ new section

{{Vital article|level=4|topic=People|class=B}}
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==GREEK==
It's anormal to say "greek american"
he is american and later in the article his greek origin are mentioned

==He has aged==
He has aged terrible over the past decade. I just saw him on tv now and last viewed him play in 1999 and compared to back then he looks like an old man. Lost his youth for sure and is balding. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/149.135.97.187|149.135.97.187]] ([[User talk:149.135.97.187|talk]]) 17:37, 26 November 2007 (UTC) 

I feel that more could be said in certain places in this article. In 1989, Pete Sampras defeated Mats Wilander (the defending champion) in the second round of the US Open and no mention is made of this remarkable upset.
Also, the article is very vague about his matches in the US Open of 1990 leading up to the final. When he defeated Ivan Lendl in the quarterfinals, it marked the first time since ''1981'' that Lendl failed to reach at least the final of the US Open. That's a really interesting bit of information that I feel should be added.[[User:Tyranus|Tyranus]] 22:16, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
:Wilander gave up the ghost after 1988 - I am convinced that he sold his soul to the devil just to win those three majors and get the #1 ranking. That doesn't count. No, I'm kidding. Yeah, the Lendl thing is big. Pete was also noted as saying that he felt "relieved" that he didn't have to deal with the pressure of his title defense after he lost in the 1991 U.S. Open quarters, and there's a quote from many of his peers from around that time that widely criticized him for saying that. I think that might be a worthy addition too. I'll try to incorporate all of this ASAP.[[User:Trip to Your Heart|Trip to Your Heart]] 18:19, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

==considered==
Should it be "considered by some" rather than just "considered"? Remember for all his abilities he missed out on one event, the French Open, which eluded him. [[User:Mandel|Mandel]] 08:58, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

:Currently says "considered by many" which is probably the right level to pitch it at. Would be better to say "considered by many, including InsertFamousTennisPersonHere," [[User:Pcb21|Pcb21|]] [[User_talk:Pcb21|Pete]] 20:55, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

The Man has won more Grand Slam titles than anybody else up to date. I think it would be correct to say that he is the greatest. Considerations of the people are not interesting. This is a encyclopedia based on facts. Some feel that Borg, with his four consecutive Garros and Wimbledon, wins was the greatest though he was not willing to play in Australia. People tend to compare Roger to Pete at his age etc.. All this speculation can be avoided by simply using the simple definition. The guy who has the most Grand Slam titles is simply: The greatest.

If still problematic I vote for removing the whole Greatest ... thing. If someone disagrees the "The Greatest" is then a strongly subjective matter and should not be included in encyclopedias.

It's a fairly conservative way of putting it. He IS one of the greatest players of all time, there is no rational debate about that. Whether he is the greatest of all time is certainly questionable, but the fact that he is ONE of the greatest is not. I say get rid of "generally considered to be." [[User:70.132.14.150|70.132.14.150]] 18:06, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

I have to agree with you as well. Pete won 14 Grand Slams, was ranked year-end #1 for 6 years, and is the all-time leader on money earned. Rod Laver's and Bjorn Borg's articles both state that "fans consider him the greatest of all time" or something to that effect, so why not Sampras as well?

Guys...it's stupid to call him "one of the greatest".
andre agassi is also one of the greatest, yet he's nowhere near Sampras. Sampras is GOAT. Greatest of all time. Not that it means his record is perfect, far from that. Even Steffi Graf, who is GOAT amnog women doesn't have a perfect record. She almost has, but not entirely.

Sampras doesn't have a perfect record, but still, his record is the best record in tennis history so far.
Therefore, he's GOAT.

Sampras is the top league, along with Tilden, Budge, Laver, Borg and Federer. And among them, no one is near.

Tilden was extremly dominant in his era, but fails to back that with numbers. He skipped numerous Wimbledons, played almost only in the USA. Sure, he's won a lot and his achievements are one of the best but he has lesser pure number than Sampras.

Budge won only 6 slams, yes, 6 in a row, record, along with Grand Slam, but way to little to be GOAT.

Guys like Kramer or Gonzales, were great, but they don't qualify for GOAT contenders. Why?
They won nothing (important). Kramer was prevented because of the war, and Gonzo played as a pro.

You can't transform potential which Kramer had, or pro matches that were played like exos, into slam wins.

Laver. Won Grand Slam in 1962, but the amatuer tennis was low quality back then, like never before. He played pro as well, and did well there, like Gonzales, but the pro-era is incomatible with amater-open eras stuff. Just can't give him credit for that. He did won record number od tournaments in one year in each of those hree eras, amateur, pro and open, he won also Grand Slam in each of those eras 1962-amater, 1967-pro and 1969-open Grand Slam. When discussing and looking at broader picture, he could be considered GOAT, but only he, along with Sampras.

Downsides are, he won only 5 open era slams, compared to Sampras' 14.

Borg is one of the best ever, but hardly a GOAT. People talk how Sampras failed to win RG, but Borg has won only 2 out 4 possible slams. Also, Sampras has more Wimbledon titles. More slams as well. Also, Borg spent very little timea as no1 when compared to Sampras. 2 years ended as no1. vs Sampras' 6 years.
Similar stuff with weeks.

Federer is also, still short of Sampras' achievements.

So, I think in this article, Sampras should be declared the guy with best record ever, which means guy with greatest accomplishments in tennis history. He has one week spot, RG, but all other guys have not just one, but two, three or four weak spots, just like that, which makes his record the best, however unperfect it may be, but still, it's the best record in tennis history, and that record makes him the greatest player of all time.

Just take 6 most important things in tennis and look at it, Sampras holds/shares record in 4 out of 4 categories.

Wimlbledon - Sampras
US Open - Connors, Sampras
Roland Garros - Borg
Aus Open - Agassi
Masters - Lendl, Sampras (but in Lendl's time Masters was woth 0 points, while in the 90s, it was worth just as any other slam)

And #1, Sampras reigned as no one else.

Sure, never won RG, but give someone who has better record.

Connors and Mcnroe both have a better record than sampras and more singles titles.

:"andre agassi is also one of the greatest, yet he's nowhere near Sampras". Big serves, highlighted by making the semis of the French on only one occasion. Agassi is the first Golden Slam champion and a Grand Slam champion, something only a small handful of men have attained. There's no comparison as to who was the more skilled and gifted all-round player. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/212.139.53.65|212.139.53.65]] ([[User talk:212.139.53.65|talk]]) 09:21, 2 April 2011 (UTC) 

==One of Sampras' classic matches not listed==

One of Sampras' classic matches not listed was in the Quaterfinals of the 1995 Australian Open when he beat Jim Courier 6-7 6-7 6-3 6-4 6-3 in 4 hours.

==Animated picture?==

I'm not familiar with the Wikipedia policy for animated images, can someone consult it and change (or not) accordingly? If there is no policy, I'd say to get rid of it in favor of a still image. [[User:Zellin|zellin]] 15:25, Jun 25, 2005 (UTC)

:I agree. It is also rather heavy at more than 400KB, which I think is too much. [[User:Lovro|Lovro]] 12:45, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

Does anyone think that maybe this article is a little too much statistics, and not enough talking about the man?

==hands over face==
Can someone tell me about the time he lost to a no-name and then sat in his chair for a while?
:I don't remember this incident, but if I had to guess, I would guess it was [[George_Bastl|his loss at 2002 Wimbledon to George Bastl]].[[User:Atarr|Atarr]] 14:54, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
:: Based on [http://espn.go.com/tennis/wimbledon02/s/2002/0626/1399177.html this description], my guess is that you're right.

==T-script down==
Link to [http://www.samprasfanz.com/news/020924jayleno.html transcript w/Leno] is 404, may be temporary. --[[User:Doctorcherokee|Doctorcherokee]] 04:46, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

==Bad link==

The transcript link at the bottom of the main page (http://www.samprasfanz.com/news/020924jayleno.html)
returns a file not found error.

* I just removed that link, it's still broken. Copied below, in case it gets fixed, but not an essential link in any case. [[User:Dze27|Dze27]] 02:32, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
* [http://www.samprasfanz.com/news/020924jayleno.html Transcript of Sampras' appearance on the Tonight Show with Jay Leno]

==Equipment section==
I have removed the entire Equipment section, as it was little more than free advertising for the manufacturers listed. If it's sourced, it can be re-added, but considerably cut down. [[User:Zoe]]|[[User talk:Zoe|(talk)]] 04:03, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

:I don't have a problem with your removing the section because I consider it fluff. But just FYI, virtually all the information about his racquet was confirmed in a Tennis Channel interview with Sampras that I saw recently. [[User:Tennis expert|Tennis expert]] 04:49, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
::One or two sentences about his tennis racket is fine, four paragraphs raving about it isn't. [[User:Zoe]]|[[User talk:Zoe|(talk)]] 02:41, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Hi, personally I really liked the article about the equipment, and i notice its loss. The racket, unlike any other, has a considerable amount of history behind it because of sampras's use of it. Because of its "cult" status/following, its featured on almost anything said about sampras, which is why it was mentioned in the tennis channel interview. I dont think its much free advertising, as the racket isn't widely available, but i think its more a tribute to sampras and his skill that he was able to use such a powerless racket to create so much. all of the information that was listed can be found at http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/Reviews/60/60Review.html throughout the various articles listed on the top, particularly the interview with Pete sampras's own stringer (proving its legitemacy) and the article on the st. vincent origins, largely based on an interview with a wilson official. thanks. chiruyuy

I never got to read the article about the racquet. I know it was a design that was implemented in 1983. I used it for a short time myself but settled on the 6.1 classic. The importance is that all this tennis technology and Sampras used the old one along with Edberg, Courier, Everett and so many others to win many Grand Slams

I really don't think that section was an advertisement. As a tennis player it's always enjoyable to read what kind of racket and modifications a professional (especially one as legendary as Sampras) made to their racket. I don't see the section as an advertisement or fluff, as information like that on professionals is hard to come by and is usually a good read. I think it should be kept.

[[User:67.163.230.132|67.163.230.132]] 03:14, 20 December 2006 (UTC) Andrew

==Entering Wimbledon 2007?==

Some reports are saying that Pete sampras would be offered a wild card into the all England championships if he wanted to enter the mens draw, anyone have anymore info on this? —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/86.17.108.147|86.17.108.147]] ([[User talk:86.17.108.147|talk]]) 18:52, 21 January 2007 (UTC).

He has repeatedly stated in public interviews that he will never return to competitive tennis.

==DVD picture==

The DVD picture looks abit out of place as there, is it appropriate to use a DVD cover as a picture anyway? Are we really that desperate? [[User:81.168.47.139|81.168.47.139]] 04:49, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

==this picture==

is pure idiocy.

why not pick some nice picture from 1993-2000 peak sampras...maybe the one after wim 00, or something like that?

this one is really lame...bald..old..:( —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:161.53.73.44|161.53.73.44]] ([[User talk:161.53.73.44|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/161.53.73.44|contribs]]) 18:15, 17 April 2007

==Why==
are so many tennis player articles protected ? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:81.157.132.255|81.157.132.255]] ([[User talk:81.157.132.255|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/81.157.132.255|contribs]]) 15:00, 28 April 2007
: Because for a while a persistent editor kept changing the agreed upon scoring format on most tennis bios. It was nasty, and it went on for weeks and weeks. Just check how many IPs and accounts the editor took on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Suspected_Wikipedia_sockpuppets_of_Lman1987 here]!!! --'''[[User:HJensen|HJensen]]''', ''[[User_talk:HJensen|talk]]'' 19:06, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

==Pete Fischer==
Sampras's early coach's last name is spelled "Fischer," not "Fisher."
==ATP Tour career earnings==

The earnings do not add up to 43 million shown at the bottom. Why is that? On the pages such as Nadal's, it adds up fine.[[User:216.99.56.91|216.99.56.91]] 19:35, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

==Runners up section - incorrect. ==

In the runners up section it clealry states that Sampras lost to Safin and Hewitt at the U.S Open in 2000 and 2001 respectively. However, he lost these games at Wimbledon, not the us open. [[Special:Contributions/58.160.114.207|58.160.114.207]] ([[User talk:58.160.114.207|talk]]) 09:34, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

:Actually, you are incorrect. [[User:Tennis expert|Tennis expert]] ([[User talk:Tennis expert|talk]]) 18:48, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

==Trivia section deleted==

I have deleted the trivia section of the article. Nothing was sourced. I copy it in here. The editors can take whatever is relevant and can be sourced, and put it back in:

===Trivia===
{{Trivia|date=November 2007}}
* He modeled his game after his childhood idol, [[Rod Laver]].
* He used a very demanding racket, a small [[Wilson ProStaff Original 6.0|85-square-inch Wilson racket]] that was strung at a tight 75 pounds. The high tension would presumably make his groundstrokes less powerful; yet, his strokes were among the most powerful in the game.
* As a junior player, he was a [[tennis strategy#Defensive baseliner|defensive baseliner]] playing with a two-handed backhand. His coach, Pete Fisher, changed him to be a serve and volleyer with a one-handed backhand with [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] in mind.
* Because watching Sampras play in person made them too nervous, his parents attended only his loss to [[Stefan Edberg]] in a 1992 [[U.S. Open (tennis)|U.S. Open]] final and his victory over [[Patrick Rafter]] in the 2000 Wimbledon final. After winning Wimbledon that year -- his record-breaking 13th Grand Slam singles title -- Sampras ran into the stands to hug his parents.
* Sampras admitted to not speaking about his condition with [[thalassemia]] minor because that would have lessened his aura of invincibility against fellow players.
* Sampras had a rabbit named after him in the famous comedy series [[Father Ted]].
* During the height of his career, he claimed to sleep twelve hours every night.
* Sampras was featured on more than one episode of [[The Prince of Tennis]].
* Sampras was featured on an episode of [[The Simpsons]].
* Sampras was referenced on a season 1 episode of [[Sports Night]], titled "How Are Things in Glocca Morra?"
* Sampras was referenced in an email episode of the popular cartoon website [[Homestarrunner.com]]
* Sampras has a vibration dampener named after him, created by Unique. He used the donut shaped dampener in most of his matches.

--'''[[User:HJensen|HJensen]]''', ''[[User_talk:HJensen|talk]]'' 21:53, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

:I have restored the section. See [[WP:TRIV]]. [[User:Tennis expert|Tennis expert]] ([[User talk:Tennis expert|talk]]) 22:51, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

:: I don't get it. In [[WP:TRIV]], I find the following "Trivia sections should be avoided", and "Keep in mind that no content provided for WP articles can be exempt from our rules and style guidelines. Wikipedia should not contain speculation, rumor, invented "facts", or libel — continue to follow Wikipedia:Verifiability, Wikipedia:Neutral point of view, and Wikipedia:No original research. It is best practice to cite your sources. Both Wikipedia:Biographies of living people and Wikipedia:Copyrights also apply and should be considered. If there are doubts about whether a particular item of information is suitable for inclusion, it can be placed on the talk page instead where other interested contributors can help in considering the item's inclusion and locate suitable references." which led me to remove this list of unsourced statements and indeed put it on the talk page. Sure, it also says "This guideline does not suggest removing trivia sections, or moving them to the talk page. If information is otherwise suitable, it is better that it be poorly presented than not presented at all." However with absolutely no citations or references, the material cannot stay in the article. So I have removed it per [[WP:VERIFY]] and [[WP:BLP]].--'''[[User:HJensen|HJensen]]''', ''[[User_talk:HJensen|talk]]'' 23:27, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

:::I don't see how you can justify removing the whole trivia section instead of removing particular items that are unsuitable without sources. You have to interpret the guideline as a whole and not cherry pick. Doing that, the guideline means don't robotically remove a trivia section but do remove particular items in a trivia section that are unsuitable for a biography because of the lack of sourcing. Finally, you certainly have the option of finding sources for the items that are not currently sourced. That seems like a much more productive way of addressing your concerns. [[User:Tennis expert|Tennis expert]] ([[User talk:Tennis expert|talk]]) 23:32, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

:::There's also this that you did not yet quote from [[WP:TRIV]]: "Trivia sections should not be categorically removed. ... It may be necessary to perform research to give each fact some context, or to add references when needed. ... This guideline does not suggest the inclusion or exclusion of any information. This guideline does not attempt to address the issue of what information should be included in articles — it only gives style recommendations. Issues of inclusion are addressed by content policies." Seems very clear to me.... [[User:Tennis expert|Tennis expert]] ([[User talk:Tennis expert|talk]]) 23:48, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
:::: ... and still unclear to me, as it clashes with [[WP:BLP]] where verifiability is particularly important. So your interpretation is that one just leaves unsourced material in a biography until one has time for finding references? I don't find that productive. People constantly add peculiar unsourced stuff to biographies. It is them who should provide sources. It cannot be the job of other editors. They, on the other hand, should delete unsourced info - like this Sampras trivia; which all is unsourced and most are not notable. --'''[[User:HJensen|HJensen]]''', ''[[User_talk:HJensen|talk]]'' 00:50, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

:::::No, that is not my interpretation. As I have said already in very plain and direct language, there is no cause under any of the Wikipedia policies we have been talking about for the wholesale deletion of a trivia section. The policies we have been discussing are very clear about this. If you have an argument for deleting particular items in a trivia section, then make your argument as provided in the substantive Wikipedia policies about biographies ([[WP:TRIV]] is not one of them). But that is not what you are doing. Finally, I strongly believe it hurts Wikipedia for an experienced editor like you, who clearly has the expertise to find and cite sources (which you did several times earlier today), to refuse to make the effort to find sources for items that on their face are not derogatory or libelous and that appear to have a reasonable probability of being correct. Such "drive by" deletions are wholly and completely unproductive. From [[WP:BLP]]: "Unsourced .... CONTENTIOUS (emphasis added by me) material — whether negative, positive, or just questionable — about living persons should be removed immediately and without discussion from Wikipedia articles.... Editors should remove any CONTENTIOUS (emphasis added by me) material about living persons that is unsourced." From [[WP:V]]: "This page in a nutshell: Material CHALLENGED OR LIKELY TO BE CHALLENGED (emphasis added by me) ... must be attributed to a reliable, published source." We can discuss whether any items in the [[Pete Sampras]] trivia section are contentious or subject to challenge. But you have three times deleted that entire section without alleging that even one item within it fits those criteria. [[User:Tennis expert|Tennis expert]] ([[User talk:Tennis expert|talk]]) 06:37, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

:::::: Ok, good points! Let me start by saying that I have no intentions of hurting Wikipedia by my actions. Any damage is caused by experienced editors that again and again passes by pages with tagged trivia sections with no sources without doing anything at all. I have taken action, and I did the best I could do in order to help the article from not being taken seriously by the readers. It was by no means a "drive by" deletion. It may have been a drive-by ''action'', which I think is preferable to a drive-by ''non-action''. I then used various policies to justify my action, but the policies clearly do not help here. I see that now. On the one hand trivia sections are to be avoided. On the other hand they should not be categorically deleted, but some can be and be placed on the talk page. (Note that I actually placed ''all'' items on the talk page - also those I think should be deleted completely; see below.) On the one hand, biographies of living persons should only use verifiable information, on the other hand only if it is contentious material. And in general, things should be verifiable, but apparently not things that "have a reasonable probability of being correct" (in your words). The last part obviously opens up for personal judgement, as such probabilities are bound to be subjective, and then any policy is void. So to conclude my rant, I once again see that the policies don't give a clear answer to anything. They are merely guidelines. Hence, I will address the issue from a contents perspective. Hopefully this will appear more productive.

::::::Of the things listed, I find all of them not notable for inclusion in the article except:
::::::* He modeled his game after his childhood idol, [[Rod Laver]]. ('''This should then be sourced and put into the bio part.''')
::::::* He used a very demanding racket, a small [[Wilson ProStaff Original 6.0|85-square-inch Wilson racket]] that was strung at a tight 75 pounds. The high tension would presumably make his groundstrokes less powerful; yet, his strokes were among the most powerful in the game. ('''Some of this could go into description of equipment, but needs a source as the last part is [[WP:OR]]'''.)
::::::* As a junior player, he was a [[tennis strategy#Defensive baseliner|defensive baseliner]] playing with a two-handed backhand. His coach, Pete Fisher, changed him to be a serve and volleyer with a one-handed backhand with [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] in mind. ('''This could go into bio part, but definitely needs sourcing'''.)
::::::* Sampras admitted to not speaking about his condition with [[thalassemia]] minor because that would have lessened his aura of invincibility against fellow players. ('''Again, an interesting thing about his personality, that clearly needs sourcing.''')

::::::But as they are now, I don't think one can defend having any of them unsourced in the article. If they were, each on their own, added by someone, I don't think I would get into any trouble by deleting them. They surely do not require inclusion just because they are a whole ''bunch'' of statements (I know you don't argue that). I will try to look at it when I have time. --'''[[User:HJensen|HJensen]]''', ''[[User_talk:HJensen|talk]]'' 17:49, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

:::::::Keep in mind this from [[WP:NNC]]: "Notability guidelines give guidance on whether a topic is notable enough to be included in Wikipedia as a separate article, but do not specifically regulate the content of articles.... The particular topics and facts within an article are not each required to meet the standards of the notability guidelines; instead, article content is governed by other policies and guidelines, such as the policy requiring Verifiability and the guidelines covering the use of reliable sources and of trivia sections." [[User:Tennis expert|Tennis expert]] ([[User talk:Tennis expert|talk]]) 19:39, 21 February 2008 (UTC)
:::::::: Done for now. Could cite two of four. The strategic secrecy of his disease exists some places on the web, but are then taken from here (this shows the danger of putting up non-sourced things on wikipedia; they spread and becomes "truths" in themselves). I could not find the stuff on his racket (I can try more, though). And BTW by "notable" I was, given my earlier comments, not referring to wiki policies. I was just using the word to help building sentences. Maybe I should have used the word "relevant" instead. --'''[[User:HJensen|HJensen]]''', ''[[User_talk:HJensen|talk]]'' 11:41, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

==Weight, units==

What is Pete Sampras' weight? 170 lbs or 90 kg?
This is not equivalent, 90 kg is around 200 lbs, and 170 lbs are around 77 kg. According to some other websites, his weight is around 170-175 lbs, which would be converted into 77-79 kg. Could anybody please confirm that? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Pascualangulo|Pascualangulo]] ([[User talk:Pascualangulo|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pascualangulo|contribs]]) 17:47, 22 March 2008 (UTC) 

==GRAMMAR MISTAKES==
Who the hell changed the content in this page? So many grammar mistakes! Do not change the content unless you are proficient in using the english language!!! —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/58.8.135.74|58.8.135.74]] ([[User talk:58.8.135.74|talk]]) 08:27, 2 August 2008 (UTC) 

The Playing style sub-article was a total pain to read... Did anyone change the article?? Don't tell me that this is how it was originally written... Just please, someone, fix it... [[Special:Contributions/125.160.103.20|125.160.103.20]] ([[User talk:125.160.103.20|talk]]) 07:12, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

==Request for wider input on discussion at WikiProject Tennis==

There is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Tennis#Tournament_names long, ongoing discussion] at [[WP:Tennis]] about the tournament tables found in tennis articles on English-language Wikipedia (e.g., [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Tennis#Tournament tables|this type of table]]). The discussion is about whether the "official sponsored name" of a tournament - such as [[Pacific Life Open]] - or another tournament name without the sponsor - such as [[Indian Wells Masters]] - must be used in those articles. Please join the discussion [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Tennis#Wider Input on Sponsored Names|here]]. Thanks. [[User:Tennis expert|Tennis expert]] ([[User talk:Tennis expert|talk]]) 09:29, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

==split article==

I would suggest making the "statistics" page a separate article.--[[User:Levineps|Levineps]] ([[User talk:Levineps|talk]]) 19:02, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

==Early Life==

Guys, it says that he is 75% Greek and 25% Jewish. He is actually 100% Greek. His Jewish relatives were Greek-Jews, which refers to Greeks. Jewish is a religion, not a nationality. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/71.167.93.101|71.167.93.101]] ([[User talk:71.167.93.101|talk]]) 22:53, 28 March 2009 (UTC) 
:That's a common misconception. It's generally considered to be an ethno-religious group. Many Jewish people identify as both Jewish and agnostic, atheistic, even as an adherent of another religion, without seeing any conflict. It's comparable, somewhat tenously, to the hyphenation of the various ethnic groups in the US. An Italian-American's affirmation of heritage would be no less valid, even if that person had only one Italian great-grandparent and chose not to practise the religion that has predominated amongst that group. The acceptance varies between the different denominations but Sampras himself has described himself as part-Jewish, and his father as Jewish (in a 2006 interview in the Guardian). [[Special:Contributions/92.10.138.120|92.10.138.120]] ([[User talk:92.10.138.120|talk]]) 15:30, 7 June 2009 (UTC)
::I am not sure, but I don't think his paternal grandmother was Greek. In interviews, some of which are cited in the early life section, Sampras states that his father was born in the U.S. to a Greek father and a Jewish mother. In one interview, he states "My dad... is Jewish but has a Greek father" - [http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/jul/01/tennis.features?gusrc=rss&feed=global] - implying the paternal grandmother wasn't Greek. I think she was just a Jewish American woman. [[User:All Hallow's Wraith|All Hallow's]] ([[User talk:All Hallow's Wraith|talk]]) 06:49, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

==Where did all the tournament data go?==

Where did all the tournament data go??? You used to be able to find the list of all the tournaments he won, and the scores from the all the finals? Statistics are an important part of his wikipedia profile (Federer, Nadal, etc have all the stats on their pages). —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/69.196.155.164|69.196.155.164]] ([[User talk:69.196.155.164|talk]]) 01:26, 30 May 2009 (UTC) 

==Records==

This is the former date in the grand slam record section, and below it is an explanation of my changes:

Championship/ Years/ Record accomplished/ Player tied

1995 Wimbledon - 2000 Wimbledon/ 1995-2000/ 8 consecutive wins in Grand Slam finals/ Stands alone

Wimbledon/ 1993-2000/ 7 wins overall/ Stands alone

2002 U.S. Open/ 1990-2002/ 14 Grand Slam wins/ Roger Federer

U.S. Open/ 1990-2002/ 5 wins overall/ Roger Federer, Jimmy Connors

U.S. Open/ 1990-2002/ 8 finals overall/ Ivan Lendl

Wimbledon/ 1993-2000/ 7 finals overall/ Roger Federer, Boris Becker

ATP World Tour Finals/ 1991-1999/ 5 wins overall/ Ivan Lendl

In the first row of the first column, I removed the years and simply reduced the term to "Wimbledon." The years are superfluous, since they are included in the second column (i.e., "years.)

I highly doubt that Sampras won 14 U.S. Open titles in 2002. In the third row of the first column, I removed the year and changed the term to "Grand Slam Singles. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/75.36.249.18|75.36.249.18]] ([[User talk:75.36.249.18|talk]]) 18:51, 4 July 2009 (UTC) 

The record of 8 consecutive wins in Grand Slam finals for Wimbledon (2nd line) does not make sense. Sampras lost in the quarters in 1996 to Krajicek. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.187.73.15|24.187.73.15]] ([[User talk:24.187.73.15|talk]]) 16:50, 5 July 2009 (UTC) 

==Poor tipper?==

Should it be mentioned? I say yes. [[Special:Contributions/70.83.23.68|70.83.23.68]] ([[User talk:70.83.23.68|talk]]) 03:16, 15 March 2010 (UTC)

==Born in Maryland?==
Years ago he was listed as born in Washington, D.C. Some sites still have the D.C. birth place. Where did Maryland come from?

Also, there is no mention in the article of his birth name, Petros which was later changed to Pete. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/65.35.161.105|65.35.161.105]] ([[User talk:65.35.161.105|talk]]) 05:53, 24 November 2013 (UTC) 

== Greek Origin ==

What does it matter that he is of Greek origin? It does not, certainly not enough to mention it in the first sentence. He was born in the U.S., and so was his father. He is American, period. Later you mention who his parents were.

Category:Non-profit organizations based in San Francisco

2014-08-01T22:33:25Z

148.87.13.6: remove stray text

[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in California]]
[[Category:Organizations based in San Francisco, California]]
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in the United States by city|San Francisco, California]]

List of Indian Americans

2014-02-04T22:57:31Z

148.87.13.6: /* Founders / Entrepreneurs / Venture Capitalists */

This is a list of '''notable [[Indian American]]s''', including both original immigrants who obtained American citizenship and their American descendants.

{{Americans}}

==Academics==
===Dean/President===
* [[Jamshed Bharucha]], President of [[Cooper Union]]
* [[Indira Chatterjee (Electromagnetics)|Indira Chatterjee]], Associate Dean of College of Engineering at [[University of Nevada Reno]]
* [[Vijay K. Dhir]], Dean of the [[UCLA]] [[Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science]]
* [[Dinesh D'Souza]], President of [[The King's College (New York)|The King's College]]
* [[Mridul Gautam (Mechanical Engineering)|Mridul Gautam]], Vice President for Research at [[University of Nevada Reno]]
* [[Dipak C. Jain]], Dean of [[INSEAD]] and former Dean of the [[Kellogg School of Management]] at [[Northwestern University]]
* [[Pramod P. Khargonekar]], Dean of College of Engineering at [[University of Florida]]
* [[Renu Khator]], Chancellor of the [[University of Houston System]] and President of the [[University of Houston]]
* [[Pradeep Khosla]], Chancellor of the [[University of California, San Diego]]
* [[Vijay Kumar (roboticist)|Vijay Kumar]], Associate Dean of School of Engineering and Applied Science at [[University of Pennsylvania]]
* [[Nitin Nohria]], Dean of [[Harvard Business School]]
* [[Beheruz Sethna]], President of the [[University of West Georgia]]
* [[Dr. Paul Shrivastava (Art and Sustainability)|Dr. Paul Shrivastava]], Distinguished Professor and Director, David O'Brien Centre for Sustainable Enterprise, [[Concordia University (Quebec)|Concordia University]]
* [[Molly Easo Smith]], President of [[Manhattanville College]]
* [[Satish K. Tripathi]], President of University at Buffalo

===Mathematicians===
[[File:Srinivasa Varadhan.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[Srinivasa Varadhan]] - Speacialised in probability and winner of the [[Abel Prize]] and [[Steele Prize]].]]
* [[Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar]], mathematician, singularity theory and [[Abhyankar's conjecture]] of finite group theory
* [[Raghu Raj Bahadur]], [[Statistics|statistician]]
* [[Manjul Bhargava]], is a professor of mathematics at [[Princeton University]]
* [[Harish-Chandra]], mathematician
* [[Sarvadaman Chowla]], mathematician specializing in [[number theory]]
* [[Narendra Karmarkar]], mathematician, inventor of [[Karmarkar algorithm]]
* [[Chandrashekhar Khare]], professor of mathematics at the [[University of California Los Angeles]]
* [[G. S. Maddala]], [[mathematics|mathematician]] and economist best known for his work in the field of [[econometrics]]
* [[Anil Nerode]], mathematician, proved the [[Myhill-Nerode Theorem]]
* [[K. C. Sreedharan Pillai]], mathematician
* [[Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao]], [[mathematics|mathematician]]
* [[S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan]], [[NYU]] mathematician who specialised in probability, winner of the [[Abel Prize]] and [[Steele Prize]].
* [[Akshay Venkatesh]], [[mathematics|mathematician]].

===Scholars===
[[File:Sugata Bose 1.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[Sugata Bose]],professor of History in the [[Harvard University]] ]]
[[File:Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty - Kolkata 2009-11-08 3037.JPG|right|thumb|125px|[[Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty]], Professor of microbiology at the [[University of Illinois at Chicago]].]]
[[File:Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao at ISI Chennai.JPG|right|thumb|125px|[[C. R. Rao]] ]]

* [[Pulickel M. Ajayan]], is a professor of Material Science at [[Rice University]]
* [[Abhay Ashtekar]], Professor of Physics at [[Pennsylvania State University]]
* [[Anant Agarwal]], Professor of Electrical Engineering and Director of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [[MIT]]
* [[Salman Akhtar]], Professor at the [[Jefferson Medical College]]
* [[Ramesh Agarwal]], William Palm Professor of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis
* [[Muzaffar Alam]], Professor in South Asian Languages & Civilizations at [[University of Chicago]]
* [[Akhil Amar]], Professor of Law at [[Yale Law School]]
* [[Vikram Amar]], Professor of Law at the [[University of California, Davis School of Law]]
* [[Satya N. Atluri]], Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at [[University of California, Irvine]]
* [[P.S. Ayyaswamy]], Professor of Dynamical Engineering at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]
* [[Homi K. Bhabha]], Professor at [[Harvard University]]
* [[Jagdish Natwarlal Bhagwati]], Professor of economics at [[Columbia University]].
* [[Alok Bhargava]], Professor of Economics at [[University of Maryland School of Public Policy]]
* [[Sugata Bose]], Professor of History [[Harvard University]]
* [[Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty]], Professor of microbiology at [[University of Illinois at Chicago]]
* [[K. Mani Chandy]], Professor of Computer Science at the [[California Institute of Technology]]
* [[V. V. Chari]], Professor of economics at the [[University of Minnesota]]
* [[Raj Chetty]], Professor of economics at [[Harvard University]]
* [[Dev Chidambaram]], Professor of Materials Science and Engineering [[University of Nevada Reno]]
* [[Aswath Damodaran]], Professor of Finance at the [[Stern School of Business]] at [[New York University]]
* [[Ashok Das]], Professor of Physics at [[University of Rochester]]
* [[Ashok Gadgil]], Professor in civil and environmental engineering at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]
* [[Rajit Gadh]], Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at [[University of California, Los Angeles]]
* [[Anirvan Ghosh]], Professor at the [[University of California, San Diego]]
* [[Kausalya Hart]], scholar of [[Tamil language]] at [[UC Berkeley]]
* [[Narayan Hosmane]], Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at [[Northern Illinois University]]
* [[Ravi Jagannathan]], Professor at the [[Kellogg School of Management]]
* [[Rakesh Jain]], Professor of Tumor Biology at [[Massachusetts General Hospital]] in the [[Harvard Medical School]]
* [[Aravind Joshi]], Professor of Computer and Cognitive Science at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]
* [[Nazir Jairazbhoy]], Professor of folk and classical music of South Asia at [[University of California at Los Angeles]].
* [[Thomas Kailath]], Professor of Engineering at [[Stanford University]]
* [[Avinash Kak]], Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at [[Purdue University]]
* [[Avinash Kamalakar Dixit]], Professor of Economics at [[Princeton University]]
* [[M. A. Muqtedar Khan]], Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at the [[University of Delaware]]
* [[Ravindra Khattree]], Professor of [[statistics]] at [[Oakland University]]
* [[Shrinivas Kulkarni]], Professor of astrophysics and planetary science at [[Caltech]].
* [[C. M. Naim]], scholar of [[Urdu]] language and literature at [[University of Chicago]]
* [[Jaishree Odin]], Professor of post-modern literary theorist at the [[University of Hawaii]]
* [[Arvind Panagariya]], Professor of Economics at [[Columbia University]]
* [[Arogyaswami Paulraj]], Professor of Electrical Engineering at [[Stanford University]]
* [[Shwetak Patel]], Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at [[University of Washington]]
* [[C.K. Prahalad]], Professor of Corporate Strategy at the [[Stephen M. Ross School of Business]] in the [[University of Michigan]]
* [[Vijay Prashad]], Professor of International Studies at [[Trinity College (Connecticut)|Trinity College]]
* [[Ishwar K. Puri]], N. Waldo Harrison Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics at [[Virginia Tech]]
* [[C. R. Rao]], Professor at [[Penn State University]] and Research Professor at the [[University at Buffalo]]
* [[J. N. Reddy]], Professor and holder of the [[Oscar S. Wyatt]] Endowed Chair in Mechanical Engineering at [[Texas A&M University]].
* [[V.S. Ramachandran]] Professor with the Psychology and Neurosciences [[University of California San Diego]]
* [[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]], Professor at [[Columbia University]]
* [[Krishna Saraswat]], Professor of electrical engineering at [[Stanford University]]
* [[Jagdish Shukla]], Professor at [[George Mason University]]
* [[Marti G. Subrahmanyam]], Professor of Finance at the [[Stern School of Business]] at [[New York University]]
* [[Sanjay Subrahmanyam]], holder of Navin and Pratima Doshi Chair of Indian History and scholar at [[UCLA]]
* [[Madhu Sudan]], Professor of Computer Science at [[MIT]]
* [[Mriganka Sur]], Professor of [[Neuroscience]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT).
* [[Vijay Vazirani]], Professor of Computer Science at [[Georgia Institute of Technology]]
* [[Umesh Vazirani]], Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]
* [[Medha Yodh]], scholar of classical Indian dance at [[UCLA]]

==Activists/Civil Rights==
[[File:Bhagatsinghthind.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[Bhagat Singh Thind]] - [[Civil Rights]] figure]]

* [[Thomas Abraham]], Founder President and Chairman Emeritus, Global Organization of People of Indian Origin (GOPIO) as well as the National Federation of Indian American Associations (NFIA)
* [[Maya Ajmera]], Founder of [[The Global Fund for Children]] and author of more than 20 books for children [http://www.globalfundforchildren.org/index.php/Who-we-are/Founder-s-Story.html]
* [[Mahzarin Banaji]], best known for a series of studies around exploring gender and racial bias
* [[Bhairavi Desai]], founding member of the Taxi Workers Alliance in New York
* [[Mallika Dutt]], currently the Executive Director of [[Breakthrough (human rights)]]
* [[Vijaya Lakshmi Emani]] (1958-2009), social activist
* [[Arun Manilal Gandhi]], fifth grandson of [[Mohandas Gandhi]]
* [[Gitanjali S. Gutierrez]], lawyer, who is defending Guantanamo prisoners.
* [[Abraham George]], Philanthropist Humanitarian, Founder of The George Foundation (TGF)
* [[Maya Harris]], the Executive Director of the ACLU of Northern California and sister of [[Kamala Harris]].
* [[Kavita Ramdas]], President and CEO of ''Global Fund for Women''.
* [[Amrit Singh]], a staff attorney at the [[ACLU]].
* [[Bhagat Singh Thind]], civil rights figure, lecturer, author
* [[Urvashi Vaid]], gay rights activist
* [[Inder Singh (community leader)|Inder Singh]], writer on Indian American Diaspora, Chairman, Global Organization of People of Indian Origin (GOPIO), Founding president of Federation of Indo American Associations of Southern California.

==Arts, entertainment, performance==
[[File:2014 Miss America Nina Davuluri (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|140px|right|[[Nina Davuluri]], [[Miss America 2014]].]]
[[File:Night Shyamalan-2.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[M. Night Shyamalan]] (right) and [[Bryce Dallas Howard]] at the Spanish premiere of [[The Village (2004 film)]].]]
[[File:Rohit Gupta - Film Director.jpg|right|thumb|140px|right|[[Rohit Gupta|Rohit Gupta - Film Director]].]]

*[[Ashok Amritraj]], Hollywood producer
* [[Salma Arastu]], Artist
* [[Rina Banerjee]], Artist
*[[Jay Chandrasekhar]], Director, Actor, Comedian, and Writer
*[[Nina Davuluri]], [[Miss America 2014]]
* [[Rohit Gupta]], Film Director, Producer
* [[Reef Karim]], Host
* [[Neeraj Khemlani]], a producer at the [[CBS News]] [[60 Minutes]]
* [[Pooja Kumar (model)|Pooja Kumar]], Model
* [[Prosenjit Kundu]], dancer and choreographer
* [[Adam Bhala Lough]], Director, Screenwriter
* [[Benny Mathews]], Film and Music Video Director
* [[Faris McReynolds]], Painter and Musician
* [[Govindini Murty]], Co-founder of Liberty film festival
* [[Mira Nair]], Director and Producer
* [[Sunil Nayar]], TV Writer and Producer, a Producer of [[CSI: Miami]]
* [[Yatin Patel]], Photographer & Artist
* [[Sarayu Rao]], Actor and director
* [[Ajay Sahgal]], Director, Screenwriter and Producer
* [[Harish Saluja]], Filmmaker
* [[Stephanie Sengupta]], Producer and Writer
* [[Naren Shankar]], TV Writer, Producer and Director, an Executive Producer of [[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]
* [[Adi Shankar]], Producer and Actor
* [[M. Night Shyamalan]], Director, filmmaker
* [[Tarsem Singh]], Director
* [[Manick Sorcar]], Animator, Artist, and Producer
* [[Babu Subramaniam]], Director
* [[Tina Sugandh]], Entertainer
* [[Julie Titus]], Model, Contestant of ''[[America's Next Top Model]]''

===Actors and actresses===
[[File:MindyKaling08.jpg| right|thumb|140px|right| [[Mindy Kaling]]]]
[[File:Kal Penn.jpg|thumb|125px|[[Kal Penn]]]]
[[File:Omi Vaidya.JPG|thumb|125px|[[Omi Vaidya]]]]
* [[Thomas Tevana]], Actor
* [[Danny Pudi]], Actor
* [[Noureen DeWulf]], Actress
* [[Sendhil Ramamurthy]], Actor
* [[Navi Rawat]], Actress
* [[Anjul Nigam]], Actor
* [[Shishir Kurup]], Actor
* [[Sheetal Sheth]], Actress
* [[Tanveer K. Atwal]], Actress
* [[Ravi Kapoor]], Actor
* [[Deep Katdare]], Actor
* [[Waris Ahluwalia]], Actor
* [[Namrata Singh Gujral]], Actress
* [[Sonal Shah (actor)|Sonal Shah]], Actress
* [[Sunkrish Bala]], Actor
* [[Purva Bedi]], Actress
* [[Devika Parikh]], Actress
* [[Janina Gavankar]], Actress
* [[Sakina Jaffrey]], Actress
* [[Deepti Gupta]], Actress
* [[Serena Varghese]], Voice Actress
* [[Firdous Bamji]], Actor
* [[Samrat Chakrabarti]], Actor
* [[Rory Cochrane]], Actor
* [[Sabu Dastagir]], Actor
* [[Aasif Mandvi]], Actor
* [[Ajay Mehta]], TV Actor
* [[Shelly Malil]], Film and TV Actor
* [[Ajay Naidu]], Actor
* [[Maulik Pancholy]], Actor
* [[Kal Penn]], Actor
* [[Manish Dayal]], Actor
* [[Deep Katdare]], Actor
* [[Bobby Routh]], Actor
* [[Raja Fenske]], Actor
* [[Omi Vaidya]], Actor
* [[Dileep Rao]], Actor
* [[Mindy Kaling]], Actress
* [[Sujata Day]], Actress
* [[Aziz Ansari]], Actor
* [[Erick Avari]], Actor
* [[Karan Brar]], Film and TV Actor
* [[Summer Bishil]], Actress
* [[Gabrielle Anwar]], actor

===Comedians===
* [[Anish Shah]], Comedian
* [[Aziz Ansari]], Comedian
* [[Hari Kondabolu]], Comedian
* [[Paul Varghese]], Comedian from [[Dallas, Texas]] appeared on ''[[Last Comic Standing]]''
* [[Dan Nainan]], Comedian
* [[Arj Barker]], Comedian
* [[Adam Mamawala]], Comedian
* [[Azhar Usman]], Comedian
* [[Russell Peters]], Comedian

===[[Culinary art|Culinary arts]]===
[[File:Padma Lakshmi at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival.JPG|thumb|125px|[[Padma Lakshmi]]]]
* [[H. Jay Dinshah]], founded the American [[Vegan]] Society
* [[Padma Lakshmi]], Model, [[Top Chef]] Host
* [[Vikas Khanna]], Michelin Starred Chef, Restaurateur, Author, Filmmaker, and TV Host
* [[Rajat Parr]], sommelier

===Fashion designers===
* [[Bibhu Mohapatra]]
* [[Rachel Roy]]
* [[Naeem Khan]]
* [[Christine Philip]]

===Media===
[[File:Fareed zakaria 2007.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Fareed Zakaria]] - At the Mandalay Bay Convention Center [[Las Vegas, Nevada]].]]
* [[Fareed Zakaria]], columnist for ''[[Time Magazine]]'' and host of [[Fareed Zakaria GPS]] on [[CNN]]
* [[Zain Verjee]], [[CNN]] anchor
* [[Shihab Rattansi]], [[CNN]] International Anchor
* [[Aneesh Raman]], former [[CNN]] Middle East correspondent
* [[Ash-har Quraishi]], Correspondent, [[WTTW]]Chicago, former [[KCTV]] Chief Investigative Reporter, [[CNN]] former Islamabad Bureau Chief
* [[Ali Velshi]], business news anchor for [[CNN]]
* [[Vinita Nair]], current anchor of [[World News Now]] and [[America This Morning]] on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]].
* [[Uma Pemmaraju]], senior news anchor for [[Fox News Channel]]
* [[Shibani Joshi]], reporter for the [[Fox Business Network]]
* [[Reena Ninan]], Middle East Correspondent for [[Fox News Channel]].
* [[Asha Blake]], an [[Emmy award]]-winning journalist who works for [[KTLA-TV]] in Los Angeles.
* [[Hari Sreenivasan]], correspondent for [[CBS News]] and the [[PBS NewsHour]].
* [[Priya David]], correspondent for [[CBS News]].
* [[Sukanya Krishnan]], news anchor for CW 11 Morning News on [[WPIX]]
* [[Shihab Rattansi]], news anchor for [[Al Jazeera English]]
* [[Asra Nomani]], journalist
* [[Simran Sethi]], journalist
* [[Rajeev Srinivasan]], political commentator and journalist
* [[Mish Michaels]], meteorologist for the [[WBZ-TV]] Weather Team.
* [[Deepa Fernandes]], host of the [[WBAI]] radio program "[[Wakeup Call]]"
* [[Deepti Hajela]], newswoman for the [[Associated Press]]
* [[Deepak Ananthapadmanabha]], online journalist
* [[Alpana Singh]], television personality
* [[Gopal Raju]], pioneer of Indian American ethnic media in the United States.
* [[Sreenath Sreenivasan]], [[Columbia University]] professor and [[WABC-TV]] technology reporter.
* [[Syma Chowdhry]], television host, reporter, and producer
* [[Ramesh Ponnuru]], senior editor of ''[[National Review]]'' magazine
* [[Rajiv Chandrasekaran]], assistant managing editor for continuous news, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', author of ''Imperial Life in the Emerald City'' (published by Knopf)
* [[Pico Iyer]], author and journalist for ''''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine'', ''[[Harper's Magazine]]'', [[Condé Nast Traveler]]'', and ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''
* [[Kevin Negandhi]] sports anchor for [[ESPN SportsCenter]]

===Musicians===
[[File:Norah Jones at Bright Eyes 2.jpg|thumb|125px|[[Norah Jones]]]]
[[File:Zubin Mehta 1.jpg|thumb|125px|[[Zubin Mehta]]]]
[[File:Nodoubt.jpeg|right|thumb|150px|[[Tony Kanal]] of [[No Doubt]] (right) at the [[Grammy Awards]] ]]
* [[Kim Thayil]], lead guitarist for [[Grammy Award]]-winning rock band [[Soundgarden]].
* [[Norah Jones]], (one-half Indian), musician, [[Grammy Award]] winner, daughter of [[Ravi Shankar]].
* [[Tony Kanal]], two-time [[Grammy Award]] winner, bass player for [[No Doubt]].
* [[Sameer Bhattacharya]], one of two guitarists in the Texas alternative rock band [[Flyleaf (band)|Flyleaf]].
* [[Ángel (Rapper)|Ángel]], is of Indian heritage-born American rapper and poet.
* [[Mathai (singer)|Mathai]], a finalist on [[The Voice (U.S. season 2)]]
* [[Sanjaya Malakar]], a finalist on the [[American Idol (season 6)|sixth season]] of ''[[American Idol]]''.
* [[Anoop Desai]], a finalist on the [[American Idol (season 8)|eighth season]] of ''[[American Idol]]''.
* [[Sameer Gadhia]], lead vocalist in [[Young the Giant]]
* [[Zubin Mehta]], former conductor, [[New York Philharmonic Orchestra]].
* [[Zarin Mehta]], executive director of the [[New York Philharmonic Orchestra]].
* [[Vijay Iyer]], jazz musician and Composer.
* [[Karsh Kale]], an Indian producer, composer and musician.
* [[Paul Sabu]], producer
* [[Falu]], singer and songwriter
* [[Bamboo Shoots]], dance-rock band
* [[Arun Luthra]], jazz musician
* [[Thara Prashad]], singer
* [[Vasant Rai]], performer of Indian music
* [[Shaheen Sheik]], song-writer
* [[Ambi Subramaniam]], violinist and composer
* [[Bindu Subramaniam]], singer songwriter
* [[Sanjay Mishra]], guitarist and composer
* [[Bikram Singh]], singer
* [[Jeff Bhasker]], producer
* [[Nicki Minaj]], (one-quarter Indian), pop singer & rapper
* [[Das Racist]], alternative hip hop group, two of the three members are Indian
* [[Savan Kotecha]], song-writer

==Business and industry==

===Founders / Entrepreneurs / Venture Capitalists===
* [[Ajit Hutheesing]] : Founder, Chairman and CEO of International Capital Partners Inc.
* [[Amar Bose]] : Founder of [[Bose Corporation]]
* [[Sashi Reddi]] : Founder CEO, AppLabs (World's #1 Software Testing company)
* [[Arjun Gupta]] : [[Silicon Valley]] [[venture capitalist]]
* [[Ashwin Navin]] : Co-Founder and President of [[BitTorrent, Inc.]]
* [[Bharat Desai]] : Founder of [[Syntel]]
* [[Bhargav Sri Prakash]] : Founder of FriendsLearn, Serial entrepreneur and investment fund manager
* [[Gurbaksh Chahal]] : Internet Entrepreneurs
* [[Gaurav Dhillon]] : Co-founder [[Informatica]]
* [[Manoj Bhargava]] : Founder and CEO of 5-Hour Energy
* [[Mukesh Chatter]] : Businessman
* [[M.R. Rangaswami]] : Founder of Sand Hill Group and Corporate Eco Forum
* [[Murugan Pal]] : Founder and CTO of [[SpikeSource]]
* [[Narendra Patni]]: Founder of [[Patni Computer Systems]]
* [[Naveen Jain]] : Founder of [[InfoSpace]] and [[Intelius]]
* [[Pradeep Sindhu]] : Co-Founder and CTO of [[Juniper Networks]]
* [[Preetish Nijhawan]] : Co-Founder of [[Akamai Technologies]].
* [[Ram Shriram]] : Co-Founder of Junglee.com and board member at [[Google]]
* [[Rohini Kesavan Srihari|Rohini Srihari]] : Founder of Cymfony and Janya
* [[Sameer Parekh]] : Founder of [[C2Net]]
* [[Sanjiv Sidhu]] : Founder of [[i2 Technologies]]
* [[Somen Banerjee]]: Founder of [[Chippendales]]
* [[Suhas Patil]]: Founder of [[Cirrus Logic]]
* [[Vivek Ranadive]] : Founder, Chairman and CEO of [[TIBCO Software]]
* [[Vinod Gupta]] : Founder and Chairman of [[InfoUSA]] Inc.
* [[Anita Goel]]: Chairman & CEO, Nanobiosym
* [[Vinod Khosla]] : Co-founder of [[Sun Microsystems]], Venture Capitalist
* [[Sant Singh Chatwal]] : Entrepreneur
* [[Jessie Singh Saini]] : Industrialist
* [[Pailla Malla Reddy]] : Founder of [[Bactolac Pharmaceuticals]]
* [[S.K. Vinod]] : Founder of [[Xsigo Systems]]

===Business Executives===
[[File:Indra Nooyi.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[Indra Nooyi]] - Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of [[PepsiCo]].]]
* [[Abbas Sadriwala]] : Chairman and CEO of the [[Fort Lauderdale]]-based Wireless Logix Group
* [[Abhi Talwalkar]] : President & CEO, [[LSI Corporation]]
* [[Ajay Banga]] : President and CEO of [[Mastercard]]
* [[Ajay Waghray]] : Chief Information Officer for [[Verizon Wireless]]
* [[Ajit Jain]] : Possible successor to [[Warren Buffett]]
* [[Anshu Jain]] : Global Head and [[Managing Director]] of capital markets at [[Deutsche Bank]].
* [[Arvind Raghunathan]] : Managing Director and Head of Global Arbitrage at [[Deutsche Bank]].
* [[Dinesh Paliwal]] : Chairman and CEO, [[Harman International]]
* [[Francisco D'Souza]] : CEO of [[Cognizant Technology Solutions]]
* [[Indra Nooyi]] : Chairman and CEO, [[PepsiCo]]
* [[Nikesh Arora]] : Senior Vice President and Chief Business Officer of [[Google]] Company.
* [[Padmasree Warrior]] : CTO of [[Cisco Systems]]
* [[Pradeep K Jaisingh]] : CEO of International Oncology
* [[Prakash Puram]] : President and CEO of iXmatch [[Rajiv Gupta]] : General Manager of [[Hewlett Packard]]
* [[Rakesh Sachdev]] : CEO of [[Sigma Aldrich]]
* [[Ranji H. Nagaswami]] : Chief Investment Officer for AllianceBernstein Fund Investors
* [[Ravichandra Saligram]] : CEO of [[Office Max]]
* [[Rono Dutta]] : Former President of [[United Airlines]]; Chairman of [[Air Sahara]]
* [[Sanjay Jha]] : CEO of [[Global Foundries]] and former CEO of [[Motorola Mobile Devices]]
* [[Sanjay Mehrotra]] : CEO of [[SanDisk]]
* [[Satya Nadella]]: CEO of [[Microsoft]]
* [[Shantanu Narayen]] : CEO of [[Adobe Systems]]
* [[Bobby Mehta]] : CEO, [[Transunion]] Company.
* [[Victor Menezes]]: Chairman of Clearing House Association, former [[Chairman]] and [[CEO]] of [[Citibank]]
* [[Vyomesh Joshi]] : Executive Vice President of Imaging and Printing Group, [[Hewlett-Packard]] Company.

===Former===
* [[Anil Kumar]] : Former Senior Partner and Chairman, Asia Center of [[McKinsey & Company]]
* [[Bobby Mehta]] : Former CEO and Vice Chairman of [[HSBC North America]]
* [[Jay Sidhu]] : Former Chairman and CEO of [[Sovereign Bancorp]]
* [[Kanwal Rekhi]] : Former EVP & CTO of [[Novell]]
* [[Lakshmi Narayanan]] : Vice Chairman and former CEO of [[Cognizant]] Corporation.
* [[Padmasree Warrior]] : Former CTO of [[Motorola]].
* [[Rajat Gupta]] : Former Managing Director of [[McKinsey & Company]]
* [[Rakesh Gangwal]] : Former CEO and Chairman of [[US Airways Group]]
* [[Ramani Ayer]] : Former Chairman and CEO of [[The Hartford Financial Services Group]]
* [[Sanjiv Ahuja]] : Former CEO of [[Orange Telecommunications]]
* [[Sanjay Kumar]] : Former CEO of Computer Associates International
* [[Umang Gupta]] : Former CEO of Keynote Systems, Inc
* [[Vikram Pandit]] : Former CEO of [[Citigroup]]

==Literature==
* [[Salman Rushdie]], author
* [[Jhumpa Lahiri]], [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning author
* [[Siddhartha Mukherjee]], [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning author
* [[Kiran Desai]], winner of the 2006 [[Man Booker Prize]]
* [[Anita Desai]], novelist, she has been shortlisted for the [[Booker prize]] three times, mother of [[Kiran Desai]].
* [[Dhan Gopal Mukerji]], First successful Indian [[man of letters]] in the U.S., Winner of [[Newbery Medal]] 1928
* [[Amitav Ghosh]], [[Indo-nostalgic]] writer and winner of [[Prix Médicis étranger]]
* [[Shauna Singh Baldwin]], novelist, won the [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]].
* [[Ravi Batra]], bestselling author and economist
* [[Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni]], author
* [[Anu Garg]], author, speaker, and computer engineer
* [[Tulika Mehrotra]], author, journalist
* [[Bharati Mukherjee]], author
* [[Janaki Ram]], author
* [[Susham Bedi]], author
* [[Thrity Umrigar]], writer
* [[S. T. Joshi]], literary critic
* [[Indira Viswanathan Peterson]], literary critic
* [[Vijay Seshadri]], literary critic
* [[Rishi Reddi]], author
* [[Ravi Shankar (poet)|Ravi Shankar]], poet
* [[Parag Khanna]], author
* [[Indu Sundaresan]], author
* [[Siddharth Katragadda]], author, filmmaker, artist
* [[Rajiv Joseph]], playwright
* [[Usha Haley]], author
* [[Ghalib Shiraz Dhalla]], author
* [[Thrity Umrigar]], author of [[Bombay Time (novel)|Bombay Time]].
* [[Aimee Nezhukumatathil]], poet
* [[Agha Shahid Ali]], poet
* [[Vikram Seth]], poet, novelist, travel writer, librettist, children's writer, biographer and memoirist
* [[Abraham Verghese]] noted Doctor and Author; "In My Own Country" and "My Tennis Partner"
* [[Kaavya Viswanathan]], novelist
* [[Saumitra Saxena]], Hindi poet, [[Bharatiya Jnanpith]] Navlekhana Award winner.

==Military==
* [[Joe Roche]], Iraq war veteran and conservative political commentator
*[[Uday Singh Taunque]], first [[Indian American]] to die in [[Iraq War|Operation Iraqi Freedom]]

==Nobel Prize==
[[File:Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-08.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]] - the 2009 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] with [[Thomas A. Steitz]] and [[Ada E. Yonath]], "for studies of the structure and function of the [[ribosome]]".]]
* [[Rabindranath Tagore]], [[Nobel Prize for Literature]], (1913).
* [[Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]], [[Nobel Prize for Physics]], (1930).
* [[Har Gobind Khorana]], [[Nobel Prize in Medicine]], (1968).
* [[Subramanyan Chandrasekhar]], [[Nobel Prize for Physics]], (1983).
* [[Amartya Sen]], [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]], (1998).
* [[Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]], [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry]], (2009).

==Politics==

=== Elected Officials ===
[[File:Bobby Jindal.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Bobby Jindal]] - Governor of [[Louisiana]], first Indian American to become a governor of any state in US.]]
[[File:NikkiHaley.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Nikki Haley]] - Governor of [[South Carolina]] ]]
* [[Bobby Jindal]], is the [[List of Governors of Louisiana|55th and current]] [[Governor of Louisiana]] and formerly a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]].
* [[Nikki Haley]], is the [[List of Governors of South Carolina|116th and current]] [[Governor of South Carolina]].
* [[Mervyn M. Dymally]], was the [[List of Lieutenant Governors of California|41st Lieutenant Governor of California]] (1975–1979) and in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] (1981–1993)
* [[Dalip Singh Saund]], was the first [[Asian people|Asian]] and Indian American member of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] from [[California]].
* [[Kamala Harris]], is the [[List of Attorneys General of California|32nd]] and current [[California Attorney General|Attorney General]] of [[California]].
* [[Ami Bera]], [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] for [[California's 7th congressional district]].
* [[Swati Dandekar]], [[Iowa Senate|Iowa State Senator]]
* [[Kumar P. Barve]], member of the [[Maryland House of Delegates]] ([[majority leader]])
* [[Aruna Miller]], member of the [[Maryland House of Delegates]]
* [[Sam Arora]], member of the [[Maryland House of Delegates]]
* [[Upendra J. Chivukula]], member of the [[New Jersey General Assembly]].
* [[Raj Goyle]], member of the [[Kansas House of Representatives|Kansas State Representative]]
* [[Jay Goyal]], member of the [[Ohio House of Representatives|Ohio State Representative]]
* [[Satveer Chaudhary]], former [[Minnesota Senate|Minnesota State Senator]]
* [[Saqib Ali]], former member of the [[Maryland House of Delegates]]
* [[Nimi McConigley]], former member of the [[Wyoming State Legislature]]
* [[Harvinder "Harry" Anand]], mayor of [[Laurel Hollow, New York]]
* [[Kashmir Gill]], mayor of [[Yuba City, California]]
* [[Arun Jhaveri]], former mayor of [[Burien, Washington]]
* [[Bala K. Srinivas]], former mayor of [[Hollywood Park, Texas]]
* [[John Abraham (mayor)|John Abraham]], former mayor of [[Teaneck, New Jersey]]
* [[Harry Sidhu]], city councilman of [[Anaheim, California]]

* [[Satish Mohan]], town supervisor of [[Amherst, New York]]
* [[Faz Husain]], first native of India to win elected office in Michigan*

=== Civil Servants ===
* [[Srikanth Srinivasan]], judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]]
* [[Rajiv Shah]], former [[Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics]] and current Administrator of [[USAID]].
* [[Vivek Kundra]], Federal [[Chief Information Officer]] of the [[United States of America]].
* [[Aneesh Chopra]], Federal [[Chief Technology Officer]] of the [[United States of America]].
* [[Arun Majumdar]], Director of the [[U.S. Department of Energy]]'s [[ARPA-E|Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy]] (ARPA-E).
* [[Subra Suresh]], Director of [[National Science Foundation]]
* [[Neal Katyal]], is the [[United States Solicitor General|Solicitor General of the United States]].
* [[Islam A. Siddiqui]], is [[Chief Agricultural Negotiator]] in the [[Office of the United States Trade Representative]] (USTR)
* [[Joy Cherian]], first Asian head of the [[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]].
* [[Gopal Khanna]], [[Chief Information Officer]] in the state of [[Minnesota]].
* [[Richard Verma]], is the [[Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs|Assistant Secretary for Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs]], at the [[Department of State]]
* [[Arif Alikhan]], former Assistant Secretary for Policy Development at the U.S. [[Department of Homeland Security]], former Deputy Mayor for Homeland Security and Public Safety for the [[Los Angeles|City of Los Angeles]], former senior adviser to Attorneys General [[John Ashcroft]] and [[Alberto Gonzales]].
* [[Neel Kashkari]], former interim Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability in the [[United States Department of the Treasury]].
* [[Sonal Shah (economist)|Sonal Shah]], member of the [[Presidential transition of Barack Obama|Obama-Biden Transition Project]] advisory board
* [[Farah Pandith]], is currently the Special Representative to Muslim Communities for the [[United States Department of State]].
* [[Rashad Hussain]], is the [[United States Special Envoy to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|U.S. Special Envoy]] to the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]
* [[Preeta D. Bansal]], member and past chair of the [[United States Commission on International Religious Freedom]] (USCIRF) and former [[Solicitor General of New York|Solicitor General]] of [[New York]].
* [[Anant Raut]], Counsel to the [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|U.S. House Judiciary Committee]]
* [[Rachel Paulose]], former [[United States District Court for the District of Minnesota|United States Attorney for the District of Minnesota]].
* [[Kris Kolluri]], [[New Jersey]] Commissioner of Transportation.
* [[Shekar Narasimhan]], Co-chair of the [[Democratic National Committee]] Indo-American Council
* [[Raj Mukherji]], Deputy Mayor of Jersey City, NJ, and candidate for the New Jersey State Legislature.
* [[Har Dayal]], founder of the [[Ghadar Party]].
* [[Huma Abedin]], aide to [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]].
* [[Raja Krishnamoorthi]], former Illinois Deputy Treasurer for Policy and Programs and former candidate for [[Illinois Comptroller]]
* [[Preet Bharara]], [[United States Attorney]] for the [[Southern District of New York]]
* [[Cathy Bissoon]], judge for the [[United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania]].
* [[Narayana Kocherlakota]], President of [[Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis]].
* [[Sabrina De Sousa]], ex-CIA officer, who is suing the US Govt for diplomatic immunity.
* [[Surya Yalamanchili]], 2010 US Congressional Candidate
* [[Sabita Singh]], first judge of Indian descent in Massachusetts history

==Religion==
*[[Eboo Patel]], member of New Faith Advisory Council
*[[Reverend Kiran Sankhla]], the first female Hindu chaplain in the U.S.
*[[Ed Viswanathan]], author of [[Am I A Hindu?]]
*[[Ramananda Prasad]], founder of the ''International Gita Society''
*[[Muzammil Siddiqi|Muzammil Siddiqi, Ph.D.]], Chairman, [[Fiqh Council of North America]]
*[[Prem Rawat]], also known as Guru Maharaji Ji, head of the [[Divine Light Mission]] and later organizations
*[[Sushil Kumarji]], [[Jain]] [[Acharya]]
*[[Ravi Zacharias]], [[Christian]] [[Evangelism|evangelist]] and [[apologist]]
==Science and technology==
[[File:Kalpana Chawla, NASA photo portrait in orange suit.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[Kalpana Chawla]] ]]

[[File:Sunita Williams.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[Sunita Williams]] ]]

[[File:Vinod Dham.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[Vinod Dham]] ]]

[[File:Deepak Chopra MSPAC.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[Deepak Chopra]] ]]
* [[Narinder Singh Kapany]] : Engineer, called the "Father of [[Fiber Optics]]".
* [[Sabeer Bhatia]] : Co-founder of [[Hotmail]]
* [[Vinod Dham]] : Designed the Intel Pentium Chip Processor (Known as the Father of the "Pentium Chip")
* [[Avtar Saini]] : Co-led the development of the Pentium processor [[Intel]]. He holds 7 patents related to microprocessor design.
* [[Ajay Bhatt]] : Co-Inventor of the USB. Chief Client Platform Architect at [[Intel]]
* [[Krishna Bharat]] : Principal Scientist at [[Google]] - Famous for creating [[Google News]].
* [[Subrah Iyar]]: Co-Founder and CEO of [[WebEx|Webex Communications]]
* [[Arun Netravali]] : Scientist. Former President of [[Bell Labs]]. Former CTO of [[Lucent]]. A pioneer of digital technology including [[HDTV]] and [[MPEG4]].
* [[Anil Dash]] : Blogger and technologist
* [[Amit Goyal]] : Distinguished Scientist and Distinguished Inventor
* [[Raj Reddy]] : Founder of the Robotics Institute at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], winner of the [[Turing Award]].
* [[C. Kumar N. Patel]] : Developed the carbon dioxide laser, used as a cutting tool in surgery and industry.
* [[Khem Shahani]] : [[Microbiologist]] who conducted pioneer research on [[probiotics]], he discovered the [[Probiotic#Strains|DDS-1]] strain of ''[[Lactobacillus acidophilus]]''
* [[Arjun Makhijani]] : Electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the [[Institute for Energy and Environmental Research]]
* [[George Sudarshan]] : Physicist, author - first to propose the existence of [[Tachyon]]
* [[Kalpana Chawla]] : Female [[NASA]] Space Shuttle astronaut, and space shuttle mission specialist
* [[Jogesh Pati]] : Theoretical physicist at the [[University of Maryland, College Park]].
* [[Krishan Sabnani]] : Engineer and Senior Vice President of the Networking Research Laboratory at [[Alcatel-Lucent]] [[Bell Labs]] in New Jersey
* [[Rajeev Motwani]] : Professor, Angel Investor.
* [[Pranav Mistry]]: Sixth Sense Project
* [[Sunita Williams]] : Female [[NASA]] astronaut
* [[Thomas Anantharaman]] : Computer statistician specializing in [[Bayesian inference]]
* [[Thomas Zacharia]] : Computational scientist
* [[Vijay Raghunath Pandharipande]] : Physicist
* [[Vilayanur S. Ramachandran]] : Behavioral neurologist and psychophysicist.
* [[Mahadev Satyanarayanan]] : Computer science professor at [[Carnegie Mellon University]]. Pioneered research in mobile and pervasive computing
* [[Mathukumalli Vidyasagar]] : Control Theorist
* [[Mani Lal Bhaumik]] : Contributor [[excimer laser]] technology.
* [[Om Malik]] : Technology journalist and blogger
* [[Pramod Khargonekar]] : Control Theorist, Dean and Eckis Professor, College of Engineering, [[University of Florida]], Gainesville, Florida
* [[Vamsi Mootha]] : Physician-scientist and computational biologist
* [[Chitranjan Singh Ranawat]] : Eminent orthopaedic and knee surgeon
* [[Vineeta Rastogi]] : Public health worker
* [[Deepak Chopra]] : Medical doctor
* [[Shiva Ayyadurai|VA Shiva Ayyadurai]] : Inventor of [[email]] and professor at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]
* [[Noshir Gowadia]] : Design engineer
* [[Rangaswamy Srinivasan]] : in the Inventors’ [[Hall of Fame]] for pioneering work on excimer laser surgery.
* [[Siva S. Banda]] : Aerospace engineer and researcher, recipient of a Silver Medal from the [[Royal Aeronautical Society]], a [[Presidential Rank Award]], and elected to membership in the [[National Academy of Engineering]]
* [[Rajiv Dutta]] : Technology manager
* [[Subhash Kak]] : Head of the Computer Science department at Oklahoma State University.
* [[Ajit Varki]] : Physician-scientist
* [[Amit Singhal]] : Google Fellow, the designation the company reserves for its elite master engineers in the area of "ranking algorithm".
* [[Vic Gundotra]] : Senior Vice President, Engineering for Google
* [[Arvind Rajaraman]] : Theoretical physicist and string theorist
* [[Satya N. Atluri]] : Aerospace and mechanics
* [[Deepak Pandya]] : Neuroanatomist
* [[Pran Nath]] : Theoretical physicist at [[Northeastern University]].
* [[Sharmila Bhattacharya]] : Head of the Biomodel Performance and Behavior laboratory at [[NASA Ames Research Center]].
* [[V. Mohan Reddy]] : World famous Paediatric Cardiothoracic Surgeon at Stanford
* [[Ashutosh Tewari]] : Professor of Urology at [[New York Presbyterian Hospital]] and noted [[prostate cancer]] surgeon.
* [[Ramesh K. Agarwal]] : Aviation Pioneer, William Palm Professor of Engineering at Washington University
===Medicine===
[[File:Dr._Siddhartha_Mukherjee_2011.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Siddhartha Mukherjee]],winner of the [[Pulitzer Prize]] for General Nonfiction (2011) ]]
[[File:Dr. Sanjay Gupta.jpg|right|thumb|125px|[[Dr. Sanjay Gupta]] ]]

* [[Sanjay Gupta]], Neurosurgeon & CNN chief medical correspondent, nominated for U.S. Surgeon General by President [[Barack Obama]].
* [[Yellapragada Subbarao]], Harvard doctor & scientist - discovered folic acid.
* [[Balamurali Ambati]], [[physician]], world's youngest doctor at age 17.
* [[Paul Antony]], MD, MPH is the Chief Medical Officer for the [[Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America]] (PhRMA).
* [[E. Premkumar Reddy]], World Famous Oncologist and Director of Fels institute of cancer research and molecular biology at [[Temple University]].
* [[Atul Gawande]], General and endocrine surgeon, professor, medical author, and [[National Book Award]] finalist.
* [[Amit Patel]], Cardiovascular Surgeon and Stem Cell Researcher - First person to inject stem cells directly into the heart.
* [[Sangeeta Bhatia]], Harvard-MIT doctor & scientist - engineer of artificial liver cells.
* [[Siddhartha Mukherjee]] Physician, scientist and writer, [[Pulitzer Prize]] for General Nonfiction (2011).
* [[Anita Goel]], is a Harvard-MIT Physicist, Physician, Globally recognized expert in Nanobiophysics and Nanotechnology; Chairman & CEO, Nanobiosym; Inventor of the Gene-RADAR technology.

==Sports==
[[File:Sonjay Dutt 2008.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Sonjay Dutt]] - [[Total Nonstop Action Wrestling|TNA]] [[Pro Wrestler]] ]]
* [[Sanjay Lal]], Wide receivers coach for the NY Jets
* [[Alexi Grewal]], first ever Indian American to win an [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] medal, [[Gold]] Medalist in [[1984 Summer Olympics]] in cycling
* [[Mohini Bhardwaj]], second Indian American [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] medalist, [[2004 Summer Olympics]] [[silver medal]]ist in gymnastics
* [[Raj Bhavsar]], third Indian American [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] Medalist, [[2008 Summer Olympics]] [[bronze]] medalist in the team gymnastics competition.
* [[Sanjay Beach]], was a former [[National Football League|NFL]] wide receiver. He played for the San Francisco 49ers and the Green Bay Packers.
* [[Bobby Singh]]
* [[Brandon Chillar]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player, linebacker for the Green Bay Packers (Father of Indian descent)
* [[Manny Malhotra]], [[National Hockey League|NHL]] player, currently in the [[Vancouver Canucks]]
* [[Sunil Gulati]], in charge of [[United States Soccer Federation]].
* [[Laxmi Poruri]], Tennis player
* [[Shikha Uberoi]], Tennis player
* [[Rajeev Ram]], Tennis player
* [[Prakash Amritraj]], Tennis player (born in U.S.)
* [[Stephen Amritraj]], Tennis player
* [[Sonjay Dutt]], [[Total Nonstop Action Wrestling|TNA]] Pro Wrestler
* [[The Great Khali]], [[WWE]] Pro Wrestler
* [[Jinder Mahal]], [[WWE]] Pro Wrestler
* [[Ami Parekh]], Figure Skater
* [[Vinay Bhat]], [[Grandmaster (chess)|chess grandmaster]]
* [[Sushil Nadkarni]], [[United States national cricket team|American cricketer]]
* [[Sunitha Rao]], Tennis Player
* [[Rinku Singh]], baseball pitcher with the Pittsburgh Pirates
* [[Dinesh Patel]], baseball pitcher with the Pittsburgh Pirates

==Yoga==
* [[Bikram Choudhury]], yoga guru
*[[Dipa Ma]], yoga teacher
*[[Harbhajan Singh Yogi]], introduced Kundalini Yoga and Sikhism to the USA

==See also==
* [[Indian American]]
* [[Non-resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin]]
* [[List of NRIs]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Indian Americans}}
[[Category:Lists of American people of Asian descent|Indian Americans]]
[[Category:American people of Indian descent|*]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian people|American]]
[[Category:Lists of American people by ethnic or national origin|Indian]]

Derealization

2013-04-11T18:41:18Z

148.87.13.6: /* Description */

{{pp-move-indef}}
'''Derealization''' (sometimes abbreviated as '''DR''') is an alteration in the [[perception]] or [[experience]] of the external world so that it seems unreal. Other symptoms include feeling as though one's environment is lacking in spontaneity, emotional coloring and depth.<ref name="DSM-IV-TR">American Psychiatric Association (2004) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR (Text Revision). American Psychiatric Association. ISBN 0-89042-024-6.</ref> It is a [[Dissociation (psychology)|dissociative]] symptom of many conditions, such as psychiatric and neurological disorders, and not a standalone disorder. It is also a transient side effect of acute drug intoxication, [[sleep deprivation]], and [[Stress (biological)|stress]].{{citation needed|date=October 2010}}

Derealization is a [[subjectivity|subjective]] experience of unreality of the outside world, while [[depersonalization]] is unreality in one's sense of self. Although most authors currently regard derealization (surroundings) and depersonalization (self) as independent constructs, many do not want to separate derealization from depersonalization.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Radovic F., Radovic S. | year = 2002 | title = Feelings of Unreality: A Conceptual and Phenomenological Analysis of the Language of Depersonalization | journal = Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology | volume = 9 | pages = 271–9 | doi=10.1353/ppp.2003.0048}}</ref> The main reason for this is [[nosological]], because these symptoms often co-occur, but there is another, more philosophical reason: the idea that the phenomenological experience of self, others, and world is one continuous whole. Thus, feelings of unreality may blend in and the person may puzzle over deciding whether it is the self or the world that feels unreal to them.

Chronic derealization may be caused by [[Occipital lobe|occipital]]–[[Temporal lobe|temporal]] dysfunction.<ref name="pmid11909918">{{cite journal |author=Sierra M, Lopera F, Lambert MV, Phillips ML, David AS |title=Separating depersonalisation and derealisation: the relevance of the "lesion method" |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=530–2 |year=2002 |pmid=11909918 |pmc=1737835}}</ref> These symptoms are common in the population, with a [[Prevalence|lifetime prevalence]] of up to 5% and 31–66% at the time of a [[Psychological trauma|traumatic event]].<ref name="pmid15022041">{{cite journal |author=Hunter EC, Sierra M, David AS |title=The epidemiology of depersonalization and derealisation. A systematic review |journal=Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=9–18 |year=2004 |pmid=15022041 |doi=10.1007/s00127-004-0701-4 }}</ref>

==Description==
The detachment of derealization can be described as an immaterial substance that separates a person from the outside world, such as a sensory fog, pane of glass, or veil. Individuals may complain that what they see lacks vividness and emotional coloring. Emotional response to visual recognition of loved ones may be significantly reduced. Feelings of ''[[déjà vu]]'' or ''[[jamais vu]]'' are common. Familiar places may look alien, bizarre, and surreal. The world as perceived by the individual may feel like it is going through a [[dolly zoom]] effect. Such perceptual abnormalities may also extend to the senses of hearing, taste, and smell. The degree of familiarity one has with their surroundings is among one's sensory and psychological identity, memory foundation and history when experiencing a place. When a person is in a state of derealization, they block this identifying foundation from recall. This "blocking effect" creates a discrepancy of correlation between one's perception of one's surroundings during a derealization episode, and what that same individual would perceive in the absence of a derealization episode.

Frequently, derealization occurs in the context of constant worrying or '[[intrusive thoughts]]' that one finds hard to switch off. In such cases it can build unnoticed along with the underlying [[anxiety]] attached to these disturbing thoughts, and be recognized only in the aftermath of a realization of crisis, often a [[panic attack]], subsequently seeming difficult or impossible to ignore. This type of anxiety can be crippling to the affected and may lead to avoidant behavior. Those who experience this phenomenon may feel concern over the cause of their derealization. It is often difficult to accept that such a disturbing symptom is simply a result of anxiety, and the individual may often think that the cause must be something more serious. This can, in turn, cause more anxiety and worsen the derealization.
Derealization also affects the learning process. Because the individual almost sees the events as if in 3rd person, they cannot properly process information.

People suffering from derealization have described feeling as if the world external to them were something in a TV show or movie, or as if they were viewing it through a TV screen. This, and other similar feelings attendant to derealization, can cause a sensation of [[Social alienation|alienation]] and distance between the person suffering from derealization and others around them.

==Causes==
Derealization can accompany the neurological conditions of [[epilepsy]] (particularly [[temporal lobe epilepsy]]), [[migraine]], and mild [[head injury]].<ref name="pmid11983788">{{cite journal |author=Lambert MV, Sierra M, Phillips ML, David AS |title=The spectrum of organic depersonalization: a review plus four new cases |journal=The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=141–54 |year=2002 |pmid=11983788 }}</ref> There is a similarity between visual hypo-emotionality, a reduced emotional response to viewed objects, and derealization. This suggests a disruption of the process by which perception becomes emotionally coloured. This qualitative change in the experiencing of perception may lead to reports of anything viewed being unreal or detached.<ref name="pmid11909918"/>

Derealization can also manifest as an indirect result of certain vestibular disorders such as [[labyrinthitis]] and [[vestibular neuronitis]]. This is thought to result from the experience of anxiety precipitated by the functional disparity that arises between the ability to reconcile external stimuli relative to motion and [[equilibrioception]] that are compromised by vestibular dysfunction with the internal perceptions and expectations regarding the physical environment.
An alternative explanation holds that a possible effect of vestibular dysfunction includes responses in the form of the modulation of noradrenergic and serotonergic activity due to a misattribution of vestibular symptoms to the presence of imminent physical danger resulting in the experience of anxiety or panic, which subsequently generate feelings of derealization.<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Simon
| first = NM
| coauthors = Pollack MH, Tuby KS, and Stern TA.
| title = Dizziness and panic disorder: a review of the association between vestibular dysfunction and anxiety
| journal = Ann Clin Psychiatry
| volume = 10
| issue = 2
| pages = 75–80
| date = June 1998
| doi = 10.3109/10401239809147746
| pmid = 9669539}}</ref>

[[Cannabis]],<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=2178712 | volume=43 | issue=2 | title=Psychopharmacological effects of cannabis | year=1990 | month=February | author=Johnson BA | journal=Br J Hosp Med | pages=114–6, 118–20, 122}}</ref> [[psychedelics]], [[dissociatives]], [[antidepressant]]s, [[caffeine]], [[nitrous oxide]], and [[nicotine]] can all produce feelings resembling derealization, particularly when taken in excess. It can also result from [[alcohol withdrawal]] or [[benzodiazepine withdrawal]].<ref>{{cite journal | journal = Psychopharmacology (Berl) | year = 1999 | month = November | volume = 147 | issue = 2 | pages = 200–9 | title = A controlled study of flumazenil-precipitated withdrawal in chronic low-dose benzodiazepine users | author = Mintzer MZ | coauthors = Stoller KB, Griffiths RR | pmid = 10591888 | doi = 10.1007/s002130051161 }}</ref>

Derealization can also be a symptom of severe [[sleep disorder]]s, and [[mental disorder]]s like [[depersonalization disorder]], [[borderline personality disorder]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[schizophrenia]], and [[anxiety disorder]]s.<ref name= "Simeon 03">{{cite journal | pmid = 14628973 | volume=64 | issue=9 | title=Feeling unreal: a depersonalization disorder update of 117 cases | year=2003 | month=September | author=Simeon D, Knutelska M, Nelson D, Guralnik O | journal=J Clin Psychiatry | pages=990–7 | doi=10.4088/JCP.v64n0903}}</ref>

[[Interoceptive exposure]] can be used as a means to induce derealization, as well as the related phenomenon depersonalization.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lickel J, Nelson E, Lickel AH, Deacon B |title=Interoceptive Exposure Exercises for Evoking Depersonalization and Derealization: A Pilot Study |journal=Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=321–330 |year=2008 |doi=10.1891/0889-8391.22.4.321 |url=http://www.uw-anxietylab.com/uploads/7/6/0/4/7604142/ie_for_derealization.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref>

==See also==
{|
|-
|
*[[Depersonalization]]
*[[Śūnyatā]]
*[[Ego death]]
*[[Temporal lobe epilepsy]]
*[[Post-traumatic stress disorder]]
|
*[[Dissociative disorders]]
*[[Existential crisis]]
*[[Mystical psychosis]]
|
*[[Fugue state]]
*[[Reality]]
*[[Falling (sensation)]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Abnormal psychology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Dissociative disorders]]

TPK algorithm

2012-11-20T23:45:37Z

148.87.13.6:

{{refimprove|date=November 2011}}
{{in-text citations|date=November 2011}}
The '''Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm''' is a [[computer program|program]] introduced by [[Donald Knuth]] and [[Luis Trabb Pardo]] to illustrate the evolution of computer [[programming language]]s.

In their 1977 work "The Early Development of Programming Languages", Trabb Pardo and Knuth introduced a trivial program which involved [[Array data structure|arrays]], indexing, mathematical [[Function (mathematics)|function]]s, [[subroutine]]s, [[I/O]], [[conditional (programming)|conditional]]s and [[iteration]]. They then wrote implementations of the algorithm in several early programming languages to show how such concepts were expressed.

The simpler [[Hello world program]] has been used for much the same purpose.

==The algorithm==
<code lang="pseudocode">
'''ask''' for 11 numbers to be read into a sequence ''S''
'''reverse''' sequence ''S''
'''for each''' ''item'' '''in''' sequence ''S''
'''call''' a function to do an operation
'''if''' ''result'' overflows
'''alert''' user
'''else'''
'''print''' ''result''
</code>

The algorithm reads eleven numbers from an input device, stores them in an array, and then processes them in reverse order, applying a user-defined function to each value and reporting either the value of the function or a message to the effect that the value has exceeded some threshold.

==Implementations==
{{examplefarm|date=November 2011}}

===[[ALGOL 60]]===

<code lang="algol60">
'''begin integer''' i; '''real''' y; '''real array''' a[0:10];
'''real procedure''' f(t); '''real''' t; '''value''' t;
f := sqrt(abs(t)) + 5*t^3;
'''for''' i := 0 '''step''' 1 '''until''' 10 '''do''' read(a[i]);
'''for''' i := 10 '''step''' -1 '''until''' 0 '''do'''
'''begin''' y := f(a[i]);
'''if''' y > 400 '''then''' write(i, "TOO LARGE")
'''else''' write(i,y);
'''end'''
'''end'''
</code>

The problem with the usually specified function is that the term <code>5*t^3</code> gives overflows in almost all languages for very large negative values.

===[[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]]===

The following works with and outputs (rounded-off) integers only:

<source lang="bash">
f() {
echo "sqrt(${1#-}) + 5 * $1 ^ 3" | bc
}

array=()
for i in {0..10}; do
read array[n]
done

for ((i=${#array[@]}-1; i>=0; --i)); do
let x=$(f ${array[$i]})
(( x > 400 )) && echo 'TOO LARGE' || echo $x
done
</source>

Although external programs can be used for unavailable (complex) functions, Bash is inherently incapable of floating-point arithmetic comparison.

===[[C (programming language) | C]]===
<source lang="c">
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

#define N 11

double vals[N];

double f(double x) {
return sqrt(fabs(x)) + 5*x*x*x;
}

int main() {
int i;

for(i = 0; i < N; ++i)
scanf("%lf", &vals[i]);

for(i = N-1; i >= 0; --i) {
double x = f(vals[i]);
if(x > 400)
printf("TOO LARGE\n");
else
printf("%.3f\n", x);
}

return 0;
}
</source>

===[[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]]===
<source lang="haskell">
import Control.Monad

main :: IO ()
main = mapM_ (maybe (putStrLn "TOO LARGE") print.f.read) . reverse =<< replicateM 11 getLine

f :: Double -> Maybe Double
f x = mfilter (<=400) $ Just $ sqrt (abs x) + 5*x^3
</source>
Haskell uses monads for input/output and the Maybe data type to signal overflow.

===[[Java_(programming_language)|Java 5]]===
<source lang="java">
import static java.util.Collections.reverse;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class TrabbPardoKnuth {
private static double f(double x) {
return Math.sqrt(Math.abs(x)) + 5 * Math.pow(x, 3);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList<Double> numbers = new LinkedList<Double>();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 11; ++i) {
numbers.add(scanner.nextDouble());
}
} finally {
scanner.close();
}
assert (numbers.size() == 11) : "input should be eleven numbers";
reverse(numbers);
for (double number : numbers) {
Double fx = f(number);
if (fx.isInfinite()) {
System.out.println("TOO LARGE");
} else {
System.out.println(fx);
}
}
}
}
</source>

===[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]===
A [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] variant might look like this. [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] is compiled with [[Double precision]] numbers by default, but any other format is possible.


<source lang="lua">
function f(x)
return math.abs(x)^0.5 + 5*x^3
end

t = {}

for i=1,11 do
table.insert(t, io.read())
end

for i=#t,1,-1 do
local r = f(t[i])
if r > 400
then print("TOO LARGE")
else print(r)
end
end
</source>

===[[OCaml]]===
The [[OCaml]] version using imperative features such as for loops:

<source lang="ocaml">
let () =
let f x = sqrt x +. 5.0 *. (x ** 3.0) in
let pr v = print_endline (if v > 400.0 then "overflow" else string_of_float v) in
let a = Array.init 11 (fun _ -> read_float ()) in
for i = 10 downto 0 do
pr (f a.(i))
done
</source>

A [[functional programming|functional]] version can also be written in OCaml:

<source lang="ocaml">
let tpk l =
let f x = sqrt x +. 5.0 *. (x ** 3.0) in
let p x = x < 400.0 in
List.filter p (List.rev_map f l)
</source>

===[[Pascal_(programming_language)| Pascal]]===
<source lang="pascal">
program TrabbPardoKnuth(input, output);

const
N = 11;

var
Vals: array[1..N] of real;
I, X: integer;

function F(X: real): real;
begin
F := Sqrt(Abs(X)) + 5 * X * X * X
end;

begin
for I := 1 to N do
ReadLn(Vals[I]);

for I := N downto 1 do
begin
X := F(Vals[I]);
if X > 400 then
WriteLn('Too large!')
else
WriteLn(X)
end
end.
</source>

===[[Perl]]===
A [[Perl]] version using exceptions might look like this:

<source lang="perl">
use feature 'say';

sub f {
sqrt(abs($_[0])) + 5*$_[0]**3
}

for (1..11) {
push @inputs, scalar <>
}

for (reverse @inputs) {
eval { say f($_) } or say "Problem with entry $_: $@"
}
</source>

===[[Groovy (programming language)|Groovy]]===
<source lang="Groovy">
int groovN = 11;
double[] grooVals = new double[groovN];

// declare function fanAND - fan-out function which has an AND to ensure positive value prior to taking square root
double fanAND(double x) {
if( (x >= -1) && ((Math.abs(x) + 5 * Math.pow(x,3)) > 0))
return(Math.sqrt( Math.abs(x) + 5 * Math.pow(x,3) ) );
else
return 0;
}

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String userInput = br.readLine();

Scanner s = new Scanner(userInput);
for(int ii = 0; ii < groovN; ii++) {
grooVals[groovN - ii - 1] = s.nextDouble();
}

s.close();

for(int ii = 0; ii < groovN; ii++) {
Double calcVal = fanAND(grooVals[ii]);
if(calcVal.isInfinite())
println("TOO LARGE");
else
println(calcVal);
}

</source>

===[[Python (programming language)|Python]]===
<source lang="python">
import math

def f(x):
return math.sqrt(abs(x)) + 5 * x**3

vals = [float(raw_input()) for i in range(11)]
for i, x in enumerate(reversed(vals)):
y = f(x)
print('{0}: {1}'.format(i, y if y <= 400 else 'TOO LARGE'))
</source>

Floating point in Python on most platforms is [[IEEE-754]], which can return "nan" and "inf" values, or raise an appropriate Python exception.

===[[R (programming language)|R]]/[[S-PLUS]]===
In R/Splus the user is alerted of an overflow by NaN value. Three of many possible implementations are
<source lang="javascript">
# without an assignment
(function(t) sqrt(abs(t))+5*t^3)(rev(scan(nmax=11)))

# with an assignment
sqrt(abs(S <- rev(scan(nmax=11))))+5*S^3

# as a routine
tpk <- function(S = scan(nmax=11), t=rev(S)) sqrt(abs(t))+5*t^3
</source>
The last implementation makes use of the lazy evaluation mechanism of R for default values of parameters: <code>t</code> is evaluated only the first time it is used in a computation, after which <code>t</code> is well defined.

===[[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]===
The [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] version takes advantage of some of its distinctive features:


<source lang="ruby">
def f(x)
Math.sqrt(x.abs) + 5*x ** 3
end

11.times.collect{ gets.to_i }.reverse.each do |x|
y = f(x)
puts "#{x} #{y.infinite? ? 'TOO LARGE' : y}"
end
</source>

===[[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]===

The following is tested with [[Chicken Scheme]].

<source lang="scheme">
(define (read-values n)
(if (zero? n)
'()
(cons (string->number (read-line))
(read-values (- n 1)))))

(define (f x)
(+ (sqrt (abs x)) (* 5 x x x)))

(for-each
(lambda (val)
(let ((result (f val)))
(print
(if (> result 400)
"TOO LARGE"
result))))
(reverse (read-values 11)))
</source>

==References==
* "The Early Development of Programming Languages" in ''A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century'', New York, Academic Press, 1980. ISBN 0-12-491650-3 (Reprinted in Knuth, Donald E., ''et al.'', ''Selected Papers on Computer Languages'', Stanford, CA, CSLI, 2003. ISBN 1-57586-382-0)

==External links==
* [http://cs.fit.edu/~ryan/compare Implementations in several languages]

{{Standard test item}}
{{Donald Knuth navbox}}

[[Category:Programming language topics]]
[[Category:Donald Knuth]]
[[Category:Articles with example ALGOL 60 code]]
[[Category:Articles with example Ruby code]]

[[pt:Algoritmo de Trabb Pardo-Knuth]]

SPARC64 VI

2012-05-03T22:50:02Z

148.87.13.6: /* Specifications */

The '''SPARC64 VI''', code-named Olympus-C, is a microprocessor, developed by [[Fujitsu]]. It implements the [[SPARC|SPARC V9]] [[instruction set architecture]] (ISA) and is compliant with the Joint Programming Specification (JSP1) developed by Fujitsu and Sun. It is used by Fujitsu and [[Sun Microsystems]] in their [[SPARC Enterprise]] M-class servers. The SPARC64 VI was succeeded by the SPARC64 VII (previously called the SPARC64 VI+)<ref>"SPARC's Still Going Strong", p. 1.</ref> in July 2008.

== Description ==

The microprocessor has two [[Multi-core|cores]]. Each core is a modified [[SPARC64 V#SPARC64 V+|SPARC64 V+]] microprocessor. The process shrink enabled both cores and a secondary cache to be contained on a die.

The SPARC64 VI implements multithreading using two techniques, chip multiprocessing (CMP) and coarse-grained multi-threading which Fujitsu calls vertical multi-threading (VMT). The two cores both execute one thread each simultaneously, implementing CMP. Each core executes two threads, but only one of the two concurrent threads is executed at any given time. Which thread is executed is determined by time sharing or if the thread is executing a long latency operation, prompting the pipeline switches to another thread.<ref>Fujitsu Limited (27 March 2007). "''SPARC64 VI Extensions'', Release 1.3". pp. 45–46.</ref> Multithreading required duplication of the integer registers, floating-point registers, control registers and program counters so there is one set of each for every thread.

As the SPARC64 VI is a dual-core microprocessor, bandwidth had to be increased if the extra core is to contribute to performance significantly. The cores share a 6 MB on-die unified L2 cache. The L2 cache is 12-way set associative and has a 256-byte line size. The cache is accessed by two unidirectional buses. The read bus, which delivers data to the cores, is 256 bits wide; and the write bus is 128-bit wide. It also uses a new system bus, the Jupiter Bus.

The SPARC64 VI is the first SPARC microprocessor implementing a [[fused multiply–add]] (FMA), while the corresponding instructions performed separate multiplication and addition operations in previous versions.<ref>[http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/SPARCE/others/sparc64vi-extensions.pdf "SPARC64 VI Extensions"] page 56, Fujitsu Limited, Release 1.3, 27 March 2007</ref>

=== Physical ===

The SPARC64 VI consisted of 540 million transistors. The die measures 20.38 mm by 20.67 mm for an area of 421.25 mm2. It is fabricated by Fujitsu in a 90 nm, 10-layer copper, [[complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor]] (CMOS) [[silicon on insulator]] (SOI) process.

== SPARC64 VII ==

The '''SPARC64 VII''', code-named ''Jupiter'', is a further development of the SPARC64 VI. It is a quad-core microprocessor. Each core is capable of two-way [[simultaneous multithreading]] (SMT), which replaces two-way [[Multithreading (computer architecture)|coarse-grained multithreading]], termed vertical multithreading (VMT) by Fujitsu. Thus, it can execute eight threads simultaneously.<ref>"Hot Chips: Fujitsu shows off SPARC64 VII"</ref>

Other changes include more [[Reliability, Availability and Serviceability|RAS]] features. The integer register file is now protected by ECC, and the number of error checkers has been increased to around 3,400.

It consists of 600 million transistors and is fabricated by Fujitsu in a 65 nm CMOS process.

The SPARC64 VII is socket compatible with its predecessor, the SPARC64 VI. Existing M-class servers are able to upgrade to the SPARC64 VII processors in the field.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.sun.com/servers/sparcenterprise/SPARCEnt-Arch-Final.pdf
| title = Sun SPARC Enterprise Server Family Architecture: Flexible, Mainframe-Class Compute Power for the Datacenter
| accessdate = 2008-04-21
| publisher = Sun Microsystems
}}</ref>

== SPARC64 VII+ ==

The '''SPARC64 VII+''', code-named ''Jupiter-E'', is a further development of the SPARC64 VII. The VII+ holds the following features in common with the VII include: both are quad-core microprocessors where each core is capable of two-way simultaneous multithreading (SMT); a single socket can execute eight threads simultaneously; each core gets 128 KB Level 1 cache.

Changes includes running at 3 GHz and containing 12 MB of Level 2 cache. The 50% increase in cache and 4% increase in clock speed results in approximately a 20% increase in overall performance.

The SPARC64 VII+ is socket compatible with its predecessor, the SPARC64 VII. Existing high-end M-class servers are able to upgrade to the SPARC64 VII+ processors in the field.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2010/12/03/oracle_sparct4_fujitsu_sparc64/
| title = Ellison: Sparc T4 due next year: Sparc64-VII+ clock and cache bumps now
| accessdate = 2010-12-03
| publisher = The Register
}}</ref>

== SPARC64 VIIIfx ==
The '''SPARC64 VIIIfx''', code-named ''Venus'', is an eight-core version of the SPARC64 VII. It includes a memory controller and 760 million transistors. The processor is capable of 128 G[[FLOPS]] and is fabricated using Fujitsu's 45 nm process technology.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1137342/fujitsu-unveils-world-s-fastest-cpu
| title = Fujitsu unveils world’s fastest CPU
| accessdate = 2009-05-14
| publisher = The Inquirer
}}</ref>

===Specifications===
*Registers: 192 integer, 256 floating point; 8 FP ops, or 4 FMA ops, per cycle; 3 interrupt.
*Address range: 41-bit (up to 1FFFFF00000h).
*Cache:
:*L1: 32KiB 2-way data, 32KiB 2-way instruction (128 byte line), sectored
:*L2: 5MiB 10-way (128 byte line), index hash sectored
*[[Translation lookaside buffer]]: 16 fetch + 256 4-way store instruction, 512 4-way store data, no victim cache
*Page sizes: 8KiB, 64KiB, 512KiB, 4MiB, 32MiB, 256MiB, 2GiB
*Translation storage buffer: Not supported in hardware
*SIMD: Max 2 parallel calculations, supports max 8 floating point values per cycle. Double precision floating point register can be used for single point calculations. Operands can be single or double precision floating point values.
More on specifications and architecture is in this [http://hotchips.org/uploads/hc21/3_tues/HC21.25.500.ComputingAccelerators-Epub/HC21.25.51A.Maruyama-Fujitsu-Octo-Core-VIIIfx.pdf Fujitsu presentation].

=== K supercomputer ===
The [[K computer]] is a [[supercomputer]] being produced by [[Fujitsu]] and located at the [[RIKEN|RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science]] campus in [[Kobe]], [[Japan]].<ref name=tele20611>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/8586655/Japanese-supercomputer-K-is-worlds-fastest.html|title=Japanese supercomputer 'K' is world's fastest|accessdate=20 June 2011|publisher=The Telegraph|date=20 June 2011}}</ref><ref name=nyt20611>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/technology/20computer.html|title=Japanese ‘K’ Computer Is Ranked Most Powerful|accessdate=20 June 2011|publisher=The New York Times|date=20 June 2011}}</ref><ref name=fujnr>{{cite web|url=http://www.fujitsu.com/global/news/pr/archives/month/2011/20110620-02.html|title=Supercomputer "K computer" Takes First Place in World|accessdate=20 June 2011|publisher=Fujitsu}}</ref> It uses 8-core SPARC64 VIIIfx [[central processing unit|processor]]s.<ref>{{Cite conference
|author=Takumi Maruyama
|year=2009
|title=SPARC64 VIIIfx: Fujitsu's New Generation Octo Core Processor for PETA Scale computing
|conference=Proceedings of Hot Chips 21
|url=http://img.jp.fujitsu.com/downloads/jp/jhpc/090825HotChips21.pdf
|format=PDF
|publisher=IEEE Computer Society
}}</ref> In June 2011, [[TOP500]] Project Committee announced that the K Computer topped the [[LINPACK]] benchmark with the performance of 8.162 [[petaflops]] with a computing efficiency ratio of 93.0%, making it the fastest supercomputer in the world.<ref name=nyt20611/><ref name="top500">{{Citation |url=http://www.top500.org/lists/2011/06/press-release |title=Japan Reclaims Top Ranking on Latest TOP500 List of World’s Supercomputers
|work=top500.org |accessdate=June 20, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.top500.org/system/10810 |title=K computer, SPARC64 VIIIfx 2.0GHz, Tofu interconnect|work=top500.org |accessdate=June 20, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=fujnr>{{cite web|url=http://www.riken.go.jp/engn/r-world/info/release/press/2011/110620/index.html|title=Supercomputer "K computer" Takes First Place in World|accessdate=20 June 2011|publisher=RIKEN}}</ref>

== SPARC64 IXfx ==
Fujitsu introduced the '''SPARC64 IXfx''' processor in November 2011 when they revealed the [[PRIMEHPC FX10]] supercomputer architecture.<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/11/07/fujitsu_sparc64_ixfx_fx10_supercomputer/ Fujitsu readies 23 petaflops Sparc FX10 super beast]</ref> The IXfx processor has 16 cores, 12 MB shared L2 cache, runs at 1.85 GHz, will reach a peak performance of 236,5 GFLOPS and will have a power efficiency of more than 2 GFLOPS per watt, i.e. 115 W per chip. It uses a SPARC v9 ISA, extended for high performance computing, with increased amounts of registers for integer and floating point computing.<ref>[http://img.jp.fujitsu.com/downloads/jp/jhpc/primehpc/primehpc-fx10-catalog-en.pdf Fujitsu PRIMEHPC FX10 Supercomputer]</ref>

Fujitsu claims to be able to ship PRIMEHPC FX10 systems in January 2012.<ref>[http://www.Fujitsu.com/global/news/pr/archives/month/2011/20111107-01.html Fujitsu Launches PRIMEHPC FX10 Supercomputer]</ref>

==See also==
* [[SPARC Enterprise]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* "Hot Chips: Fujitsu shows off SPARC64 VII". (27 August 2008). ''The H''.
* Krewell, Kevin (24 November 2003). "Fujitsu Makes SPARC See Double". ''[[Microprocessor Report]]''.

==External links==
*[http://www.fujitsu.com/global/services/computing/server/sparcenterprise/technology/performance/processor.html Multi-core multi-thread processor SPARC64 VII and VI]
*[http://jp.fujitsu.com/solutions/hpc/brochures/ Fujitsu HPC catalog] contains SPARC64 VI, VII, VIIIfx
* [http://primeserver.fujitsu.com/primepower/event/report/pf-2005/pdf/mpf2005scr.pdf ''SPARC64 VI/VI+ Next Generation Processor'', presentation from Microprocessor Forum 2005]
* [http://www.hotchips.org/archives/hc21/3_tues/HC21.25.500.ComputingAccelerators-Epub/HC21.25.51A.Maruyama-Fujitsu-Octo-Core-VIIIfx.pdf SPARC64 VIIIfx: Fujitsu’s New Generation Octo Core Processor for PETA Scale computing.] of August 25, 2009

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sparc64 Vi}}
[[Category:Fujitsu microprocessors]]
[[Category:SPARC microprocessors]]

[[de:Sparc64 VI]]
[[no:SPARC64 VI]]
[[ru:SPARC64 VI]]

Blunt trauma

2009-11-04T23:57:06Z

148.87.13.6: /* Diagnosis */

{{Medical_conditionbox
|image_example=Black eye 2.jpg
|classification_type=Blunt Force Trauma, Blunt Trauma, Non-Penetrating trauma
|causes=Vehicular Accidents, Sporting accidents, Assault, Falls
|affected_regions=[[Head]], [[Neck]], [[Thorax]], [[Chest]], [[Abdomen]], others
|treatments=Hospitalisation, Intraveinous procedures, [[Surgery]]
|developments=Internal haemorrhaging, Internal organ damage, Cardiac arrest
|prevention=Safety equipment, seat belts}}
In [[medicine|medical]] terminology, '''blunt trauma''', '''blunt injury''', '''non-penetrating trauma''' or '''blunt force trauma''' refers to a type of [[physical trauma]] caused to a body part, either by impact, injury or physical attack; the latter usually being referred to as blunt force trauma. The term itself is used to refer to the precursory trauma, from which there is further development of more specific types of trauma, such as [[concussion]]s, [[Abrasion (medical)|abrasions]], [[laceration]]s, and/or [[bone fracture|bone fracturing]]. Blunt trauma is contrasted with [[penetrating trauma]], in which an object such as a bullet enters the body.

== Variations ==
=== Abdominal Trauma (BAT) ===
Blunt abdominal trauma is often referred to as the most common type of trauma, representing around 50 to 75 percent of blunt trauma. The majority of BAT is often attributed to car-to-car collisions, in which rapid deceleration often propels the driver forwards into the [[steering wheel]] or [[dashboard]], causing [[Bruise|contusions]] in less serious cases or rupturing of internal organs due to briefly increased intraluminal pressure in more serious cases where speed or forward force is greater.{{ref|PathoBAT}} A growing trend reflects inexperienced BMX enthusiasts attempting turbo-level tricks such as 360 degree handlebar rotations. An incomplete handlebar rotation (such as one that is 270 degrees, and not a full rotation) may result in BAT, most commonly to the splenic flexure of the large intestine.{{ref|PathoBAT}}

Abdominal trauma caused by deceleration and impact shows a similar effect to trauma to any other part of the body; namely the rupturing or damage of free and relatively fixed objects, a classic example of such an injury would be a [[hepatic]] tear along the [[ligamentum teres]] followed with injuries to the [[renal artery|renal arteries]].

As with most trauma, blunt abdominal trauma is often the cause of further injury, depending upon the severity of the accident. In the majority of cases, the [[liver]] and [[spleen]] (see [[Blunt splenic trauma]]) are most severely affected, followed by damage to the [[intestine|small intestine]]. Recent studies utilizing [[CT scanning]] have suggested that [[hepatic]] and other [[concomitant injury|concomitant injuries]] may develop from blunt abdominal trauma.{{ref|MainDamages}}

In rare cases, BAT has been attributed to several medical techniques such as the [[Heimlich Maneuver]], attempts at cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and manual thrusts to clear an airway. Although these are rare causes of blunt abdominal trauma, it is often thought that they are caused by applying unnecessary pressure when administering such techniques.{{ref|HeimlichComplica}}

Among [[equestrianism|equestrians]] with BAT, common causes include kicks from the horse and the horse falling on top of its rider.

== Diagnosis ==
Although blunt trauma is a condition in itself, the main emphasis on the diagnosis of blunt trauma is to ascertain the cause of the accident, any further injury and its correlation with the medical, dietary, and physiological history of the patient gathered from various sources, such as family and friends, or previous physicians, in order to establish the most swift path to recovery. This method is given the mnemonic "SAMPLE"; {{ref|PathoBAT}}

* '''S'''IGNS AND SYMPTOMS
* '''A'''LLERGIES
* '''M'''EDICATIONS
* '''P'''AST MEDICAL HISTORY
* '''L'''AST ORAL INTAKE
* '''E'''VENTS LEADING UP TO

Usually, in the case of examination, areas such as the head or those linked with the [[respiratory system]] have a higher priority, and are examined before the abdomen, so as to administer, if necessary, medical treatments which will immediately limit the amount of progressive damage which could be caused from such injuries. The amount of time spent on diagnosing abdominal injury should be minimal, and expedited by using relatively quick methods of determining the extent of such injury, such as by identifying free intra-abdominal fluid through [[diagnostic peritoneal lavage|diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL)]] before recommending a [[laparotomy]] if the situation requires one. {{ref|Examination}}

== Treatment ==
Whenever any blunt trauma is sustained to the body, it is normal to ensure first that there is no bleeding, internal or back injury, or breathing problems before administering any type of rehabilitative care to the patient. In cases of car accidents, or where a patient has had some form of accelerated impact, the likelihood is that there will be progressive damage to internal organs, as well as the fracturing of bones, both of which are dealt with by splinting fractures and controlling external [[Bleeding|hemorrhaging]]. Most cases require [[intravenous therapy|IV therapy]] along with other methods of stabilisation such as securing the airway or providing a [[medical ventilator|respirator]]. {{ref|TreatmentPrere}}

==See also==
*[[Penetrating trauma]]
* [[Blunt splenic trauma]]
* [[Blunt trauma personal protective equipment]]

== Notes ==
# {{note|PathoBAT}} ''Abdominal Trauma, Blunt'' States that 50-75% of trauma is blunt abdominal trauma which is caused mostly in car accidents; referred to as auto-to-auto accidents.
# {{note|HeimlichComplica}} ''Abdominal Trauma, Blunt'' States that rarely, blunt abdominal trauma is caused by medical techniques such as [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation]] (chest-pumping), the [[heimlich maneuver]], and manual thrusts to clear the airway.
# {{note|TreatmentPrere}} ''Abdominal Trauma, Blunt'' lists procedures used in Abdominal injuries in car accidents.
# {{note|MainDamages}} ''Abdominal Trauma, Blunt'' lists the most damaged internal areas with respect to BAT. Also lists that there has been some body of research that suggests CT scanning of such injuries can lead to development of further concomitant injury.
# {{note|Examination}} ''Abdominal Trauma, Blunt'' describes methods used for identifying further abdominal injury, and the priorities in the examination of patients, particularly those in CTCC.

==References==
# Udeani, J., Ocampo, H. P., Dunn, E., Talavera, F., Sheridan, R. L., Zamboni, P., Geibel, J. (2005) Abdominal Trauma, Blunt [http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2804.htm eMedicine]
# Corey, T. S., Payne-James, J., Byard, R. W., Henderson, C. (2005) ''Blunt Injury'' in ''Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine'' Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, ISBN
# Spitz, W. U, Thomas, C. C, (1993) ''Blunt Force Injury'' in ''Spitz and Fisher's Medicolegal Investigation of Death'' ISBN .

[[Category:Injuries]]
[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[Category:Causes of death]]

Blunt trauma

2009-11-04T23:56:39Z

148.87.13.6: /* Diagnosis */

{{Medical_conditionbox
|image_example=Black eye 2.jpg
|classification_type=Blunt Force Trauma, Blunt Trauma, Non-Penetrating trauma
|causes=Vehicular Accidents, Sporting accidents, Assault, Falls
|affected_regions=[[Head]], [[Neck]], [[Thorax]], [[Chest]], [[Abdomen]], others
|treatments=Hospitalisation, Intraveinous procedures, [[Surgery]]
|developments=Internal haemorrhaging, Internal organ damage, Cardiac arrest
|prevention=Safety equipment, seat belts}}
In [[medicine|medical]] terminology, '''blunt trauma''', '''blunt injury''', '''non-penetrating trauma''' or '''blunt force trauma''' refers to a type of [[physical trauma]] caused to a body part, either by impact, injury or physical attack; the latter usually being referred to as blunt force trauma. The term itself is used to refer to the precursory trauma, from which there is further development of more specific types of trauma, such as [[concussion]]s, [[Abrasion (medical)|abrasions]], [[laceration]]s, and/or [[bone fracture|bone fracturing]]. Blunt trauma is contrasted with [[penetrating trauma]], in which an object such as a bullet enters the body.

== Variations ==
=== Abdominal Trauma (BAT) ===
Blunt abdominal trauma is often referred to as the most common type of trauma, representing around 50 to 75 percent of blunt trauma. The majority of BAT is often attributed to car-to-car collisions, in which rapid deceleration often propels the driver forwards into the [[steering wheel]] or [[dashboard]], causing [[Bruise|contusions]] in less serious cases or rupturing of internal organs due to briefly increased intraluminal pressure in more serious cases where speed or forward force is greater.{{ref|PathoBAT}} A growing trend reflects inexperienced BMX enthusiasts attempting turbo-level tricks such as 360 degree handlebar rotations. An incomplete handlebar rotation (such as one that is 270 degrees, and not a full rotation) may result in BAT, most commonly to the splenic flexure of the large intestine.{{ref|PathoBAT}}

Abdominal trauma caused by deceleration and impact shows a similar effect to trauma to any other part of the body; namely the rupturing or damage of free and relatively fixed objects, a classic example of such an injury would be a [[hepatic]] tear along the [[ligamentum teres]] followed with injuries to the [[renal artery|renal arteries]].

As with most trauma, blunt abdominal trauma is often the cause of further injury, depending upon the severity of the accident. In the majority of cases, the [[liver]] and [[spleen]] (see [[Blunt splenic trauma]]) are most severely affected, followed by damage to the [[intestine|small intestine]]. Recent studies utilizing [[CT scanning]] have suggested that [[hepatic]] and other [[concomitant injury|concomitant injuries]] may develop from blunt abdominal trauma.{{ref|MainDamages}}

In rare cases, BAT has been attributed to several medical techniques such as the [[Heimlich Maneuver]], attempts at cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and manual thrusts to clear an airway. Although these are rare causes of blunt abdominal trauma, it is often thought that they are caused by applying unnecessary pressure when administering such techniques.{{ref|HeimlichComplica}}

Among [[equestrianism|equestrians]] with BAT, common causes include kicks from the horse and the horse falling on top of its rider.

== Diagnosis ==
Although blunt trauma is a condition in itself, the main emphasis on the diagnosis of blunt trauma is to ascertain the cause of the accident, any further injury and its correlation with the medical, dietary, and physiological history of the patient gathered from various sources, such as family and friends, or previous physicians, in order to establish the most swift path to recovery. This method is given the mnemonic "SAMPLE"; {{ref|PathoBAT}}

* '''S'''IGNS AND SYMPTOMS
* '''A'''LLERGIES
* '''M'''EDICATIONS
* '''P'''AST MEDICAL HISTORY
* '''L'''AST ORAL INTAKE
* '''E'''VENTS LEADING UP TO

Usually, in the case of examination, areas such as the head or those linked with the [[respiratory system]] have a higher priority, and are examined before the abdomen, so as to administer, if necessary, medical treatments which will immediately limit the amount of progressive damage which could be caused from such injuries. The amount of time spent on diagnosing abdominal injury should be minimal, and expedited by using relatively quick methods of determining the extent of such injury, such as by identifying free intra-abdominal fluid through [[diagnostic peritoneal lavage|diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL)]] before recommending a [[laparotomy]] if the situations requires one. {{ref|Examination}}

== Treatment ==
Whenever any blunt trauma is sustained to the body, it is normal to ensure first that there is no bleeding, internal or back injury, or breathing problems before administering any type of rehabilitative care to the patient. In cases of car accidents, or where a patient has had some form of accelerated impact, the likelihood is that there will be progressive damage to internal organs, as well as the fracturing of bones, both of which are dealt with by splinting fractures and controlling external [[Bleeding|hemorrhaging]]. Most cases require [[intravenous therapy|IV therapy]] along with other methods of stabilisation such as securing the airway or providing a [[medical ventilator|respirator]]. {{ref|TreatmentPrere}}

==See also==
*[[Penetrating trauma]]
* [[Blunt splenic trauma]]
* [[Blunt trauma personal protective equipment]]

== Notes ==
# {{note|PathoBAT}} ''Abdominal Trauma, Blunt'' States that 50-75% of trauma is blunt abdominal trauma which is caused mostly in car accidents; referred to as auto-to-auto accidents.
# {{note|HeimlichComplica}} ''Abdominal Trauma, Blunt'' States that rarely, blunt abdominal trauma is caused by medical techniques such as [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation]] (chest-pumping), the [[heimlich maneuver]], and manual thrusts to clear the airway.
# {{note|TreatmentPrere}} ''Abdominal Trauma, Blunt'' lists procedures used in Abdominal injuries in car accidents.
# {{note|MainDamages}} ''Abdominal Trauma, Blunt'' lists the most damaged internal areas with respect to BAT. Also lists that there has been some body of research that suggests CT scanning of such injuries can lead to development of further concomitant injury.
# {{note|Examination}} ''Abdominal Trauma, Blunt'' describes methods used for identifying further abdominal injury, and the priorities in the examination of patients, particularly those in CTCC.

==References==
# Udeani, J., Ocampo, H. P., Dunn, E., Talavera, F., Sheridan, R. L., Zamboni, P., Geibel, J. (2005) Abdominal Trauma, Blunt [http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2804.htm eMedicine]
# Corey, T. S., Payne-James, J., Byard, R. W., Henderson, C. (2005) ''Blunt Injury'' in ''Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine'' Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, ISBN
# Spitz, W. U, Thomas, C. C, (1993) ''Blunt Force Injury'' in ''Spitz and Fisher's Medicolegal Investigation of Death'' ISBN .

[[Category:Injuries]]
[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[Category:Causes of death]]