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Gameloft

2021-11-05T02:05:55Z

186.12.80.67:

{{short description|French video game publisher}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Gameloft SE
| logo = Gameloft.png
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1999|12|14}}
| founder = Michel Guillemot
| hq_location_city = [[Paris]]
| hq_location_country = France
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Stéphane Roussel ([[chairman]], [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])|Alexandre de Rochefort ([[Chief financial officer|CFO]])}}
| parent = [[Vivendi]] (2016–present)
| num_employees = 4,600<ref name="corporate">{{cite web |url=http://www.gameloft.com/corporate/en/ |title=Corporate |website=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217122746/https://www.gameloft.com/corporate/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| num_employees_year = 2019
| website = {{URL|http://www.gameloft.com/en/|gameloft.com}}
}}

'''Gameloft SE''' is a French [[video game publisher]] based in [[Paris]], founded in December 1999 by [[Ubisoft]] co-founder Michel Guillemot. The company operates 19 development studios worldwide, and publishes games with a special focus on the [[mobile game]]s market. Formerly a [[public company]] traded at the [[Paris Bourse]], Gameloft was acquired by media conglomerate [[Vivendi]] in 2016.

== History ==
=== Game development strategy ===
Gameloft was founded by Michel Guillemot, one of the five founders of [[Ubisoft]], on 14 December 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/09/19/mobile-luminaries-michel-guillemot |title=Mobile Luminaries: Michel Guillemot |first=Levi |last=Buchanan |date=19 September 2005 |website=ign.com |access-date=20 July 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720170202/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/09/19/mobile-luminaries-michel-guillemot |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.ubisoft.com/usa/corp/press/pr_gameloft.html |title=GAMELOFT.COM: THE GLOBAL ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT PLATFORM |date=14 December 1999 |website=[[Ubisoft]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000302181200/http://www.ubisoft.com/usa/corp/press/pr_gameloft.html |archive-date=2 March 2000 |url-status=dead |access-date=5 November 2018 }}</ref> By February 2009, Gameloft had shipped over 200 million copies of its games since its IPO,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5154566/gameloft-moves-200-million-mobile-games |title=Gameloft Moves 200 Million Mobile Games |first=Mike |last=Fahey |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071522/https://kotaku.com/5154566/gameloft-moves-200-million-mobile-games |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as 2 million daily downloads of its games via the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]] for [[iOS]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5176723/gameloft-sells-2m-iphone-games |title=Gameloft Sells 2M iPhone Games |first=Brian |last=Crecente |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071558/https://kotaku.com/5176723/gameloft-sells-2m-iphone-games |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5642953/gameloft-sells-more-than-20-million-games-on-app-store |title=Gameloft Sells More than 20 Million Games on App Store |first=Brian |last=Crecente |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071519/https://kotaku.com/5642953/gameloft-sells-more-than-20-million-games-on-app-store |url-status=live }}</ref> Gameloft's [[chief financial officer]] (CFO), Alexandre de Rochefort, noted that the company's games generated about 400 times more revenue on iOS than on [[Android (operating system)|Android]], partially because [[Google]] did not develop its [[Google Play]] storefront to "entice customers to actually buy products"; as a result of which Gameloft heavily cut its investments in Android games development in November 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/gameloft-slashes-android-investment |title=Gameloft slashes Android investment |first=Ellie |last=Gibson |date=23 November 2009 |website=eurogamer.net |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071331/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/gameloft-slashes-android-investment |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/gameloft-cuts-android-investment-claims-others-will-follow |title=Gameloft cuts Android investment, claims others will follow |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000002/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/gameloft-cuts-android-investment-claims-others-will-follow |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2010, Gameloft instead attempted to sell Android games directly through its website, avoiding the use of Google Play.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2010/05/gameloft-android/ |title=Gameloft Sidesteps Android Market for Mobile Assassin's Creed, HAWX |magazine=Wired |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000019/https://www.wired.com/2010/05/gameloft-android/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In a May 2011 keynote, de Rochefort stated that he wanted to avoid moving the company to the [[NASDAQ]] stock exchange, as the U.S. games market appeared to be nothing more than a large [[economic bubble]], especially when seeing [[Zynga]]'s then {{US$|10 billion|link=yes}} total stock value.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/124992/Gameloft_CFO_Warns_Of_Social_Gaming_Bubble.php |title=Gameloft CFO Warns Of Social Gaming 'Bubble' |first=Kyle |last=Orland |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071337/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/124992/Gameloft_CFO_Warns_Of_Social_Gaming_Bubble.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gameloft's games have often been accused of being [[Video game clone|clones of other properties]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5731973/so-is-this-your-legend-of-zelda-rip-off-gameloft |title=So, Is This Your Legend of Zelda Rip-off, Gameloft? |first=Michael |last=McWhertor |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071526/https://kotaku.com/5731973/so-is-this-your-legend-of-zelda-rip-off-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5979849/is-this-gamelofts-team-fortress-2-or-battlefield-heroes |title=Is This Gameloft's Team Fortress 2 or Battlefield Heroes? |first=Mike |last=Fahey |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071555/https://kotaku.com/5979849/is-this-gamelofts-team-fortress-2-or-battlefield-heroes |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://toucharcade.com/2013/06/07/gamelofts-gta-like-gangstar-vegas-hits-the-app-store/ |title=Gameloft's 'GTA'-like 'Gangstar Vegas' Hits the App Store – TouchArcade |website=toucharcade.com |date=7 June 2013 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071235/http://toucharcade.com/2013/06/07/gamelofts-gta-like-gangstar-vegas-hits-the-app-store/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5639832/gameloft-shows-off-impressive-new-grand-theft-auto-and-diablo-clones/ |title=Gameloft Shows Off Impressive New Grand Theft Auto And Diablo Clones |first=Mike |last=Fahey |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071600/https://kotaku.com/5639832/gameloft-shows-off-impressive-new-grand-theft-auto-and-diablo-clones/ |url-status=live }}</ref> when asked about it at the November 2011 [[Consumer Electronics Show]], chief executive officer (CEO) Michel Guillemot stated "The videogame industry has always played around a limited number of themes. There is maybe one new idea a year."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-01-11-gameloft-answers-game-cloning-charge |title=Gameloft answers game cloning charge |first=Fred |last=Dutton |date=11 January 2011 |website=eurogamer.net |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071516/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-01-11-gameloft-answers-game-cloning-charge |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/01/10/guillemots-goal-gameloft-on-every-screen |title=Guillemot's Goal: Gameloft on Every Screen |first=Levi |last=Buchanan |date=10 January 2011 |website=ign.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121092847/http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/01/10/guillemots-goal-gameloft-on-every-screen |url-status=live }}</ref> In response to many users commenting on Guillemot's remarks, Levi Buchanan of [[IGN]] defended Gameloft, stating that its games were usually well-polished, in contrary to the original concepts' games.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/03/editorial-in-defense-of-gameloft |title=Editorial: In Defense of Gameloft |first=Levi |last=Buchanan |date=3 December 2010 |website=ign.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121023012/http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/03/editorial-in-defense-of-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref>

By July 2014, Gameloft announced that they would focus more strongly on quality than on quantity, as was stated to have previously been the case.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-07-10-gameloft-pushing-quality-over-quantity |title=Gameloft pushing quality over quantity |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000010/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-07-10-gameloft-pushing-quality-over-quantity |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2013, Texan company [[Lodsys]] filed a lawsuit against Gameloft, among other mobile game developers, for infringing its patent on [[in-app purchases]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/04/patent-troll-lodsys-sues-10-mobile-game-makers-despite-apples-intervention/ |title=Patent troll Lodsys sues mobile game makers, despite Apple's intervention |website=arstechnica.com |date=8 April 2013 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071530/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/04/patent-troll-lodsys-sues-10-mobile-game-makers-despite-apples-intervention/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Similar lawsuits were previously intervened by [[Apple Inc.]], who claim to have licensed the technology from Lodsys for usage in its App Store.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2013/4/9/4204352/patent-troll-lodsys-sues-gameloft-and-disney-for-use-of-in-app |title=Patent troll Lodsys sues Gameloft and Disney for use of in-app purchases |last=emilygera |date=9 April 2013 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720165749/https://www.polygon.com/2013/4/9/4204352/patent-troll-lodsys-sues-gameloft-and-disney-for-use-of-in-app |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2012 and February 2016, Gameloft penned publishing contracts with [[GREE, Inc.]] and [[GungHo Online Entertainment]], respectively, to facilitate its presence in the Asian market.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-02-21-gree-announces-publishing-deals-with-gameloft-and-ubisoft |title=Gree secures publishing deals with Gameloft and Ubisoft |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071754/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-02-21-gree-announces-publishing-deals-with-gameloft-and-ubisoft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/265077/Gameloft_and_GungHo_strike_up_new_mobile_partnership.php |title=Gameloft and GungHo strike up new mobile partnership |first=Chris |last=Kerr |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071814/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/265077/Gameloft_and_GungHo_strike_up_new_mobile_partnership.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Vivendi subsidiary ===
In October 2015, French media conglomerate Vivendi announced that they had acquired a 6.2% stake in Gameloft's stock,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/256280/Former_Activision_owner_Vivendi_takes_stakes_in_Ubisoft_Gameloft.php |title=Former Activision owner Vivendi takes stakes in Ubisoft, Gameloft |first=Christian |last=Nutt |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121072000/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/256280/Former_Activision_owner_Vivendi_takes_stakes_in_Ubisoft_Gameloft.php |url-status=live }}</ref> which was quickly raised to 10.2% a few days later.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/257127/Vivendi_ups_its_stakes_in_Ubisoft_and_Gameloft_may_buy_more_stock.php |title=Vivendi ups its stakes in Ubisoft and Gameloft, may buy more stock |first=Christian |last=Nutt |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071812/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/257127/Vivendi_ups_its_stakes_in_Ubisoft_and_Gameloft_may_buy_more_stock.php |url-status=live }}</ref> By February 2016, Vivendi had acquired 30% in the company, and launched a [[hostile takeover]] bid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-02-19-vivendi-in-process-of-mandatory-takeover-bid-for-gameloft |title=Vivendi in process of mandatory takeover bid for Gameloft |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108124653/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-02-19-vivendi-in-process-of-mandatory-takeover-bid-for-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/2/25/11117916/report-ubisoft-seeking-investors-to-defend-against-vivendi-takeover |title=Report: Ubisoft seeking investors to defend against Vivendi takeover |first=Charlie |last=Hall |date=25 February 2016 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125732/https://www.polygon.com/2016/2/25/11117916/report-ubisoft-seeking-investors-to-defend-against-vivendi-takeover |url-status=live }}</ref> In accordance with French law, Vivendi started a [[tender offer]] to acquire further shares.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/266243/Vivendi_ups_stakes_in_Gameloft_begins_mandatory_takeover.php |title=Vivendi ups stakes in Gameloft, begins mandatory takeover |first=Chris |last=Kerr |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125816/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/266243/Vivendi_ups_stakes_in_Gameloft_begins_mandatory_takeover.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following the announcement, Gameloft's board of directors strongly advised shareholders against selling stock to Vivendi to avoid the hostile takeover.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-02-29-gameloft-board-advises-against-selling-stock-to-vivendi |title=Gameloft board advises against selling stock to Vivendi |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071752/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-02-29-gameloft-board-advises-against-selling-stock-to-vivendi |url-status=live }}</ref> By May 2016, Vivendi had won over the majority of shareholders, enabling them to move forward in the takeover.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/5/27/11798268/vivendi-gameloft-ubisoft-takeover |title=Report: Vivendi moving ahead with 'hostile takeover' of Gameloft (update) |first=Allegra |last=Frank |date=27 May 2016 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071908/https://www.polygon.com/2016/5/27/11798268/vivendi-gameloft-ubisoft-takeover |url-status=live }}</ref>

The acquisition was completed on 1 June 2016, with Vivendi having acquired 56%, an [[absolute majority]] over Gameloft's ownership.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/vivendi-edges-closer-to-ubisoft-with-hostile-gameloft-takeover/ |title=Vivendi edges closer to Ubisoft with hostile Gameloft takeover |website=pcgamer.com |date=June 2016 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603175610/http://www.pcgamer.com/vivendi-edges-closer-to-ubisoft-with-hostile-gameloft-takeover/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/vivendi-takes-over-gameloft-eyes-ubisoft-next-1779897240 |title=Vivendi Takes Over Gameloft, Eyes Ubisoft Next |first=Jason |last=Schreier |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071937/https://kotaku.com/vivendi-takes-over-gameloft-eyes-ubisoft-next-1779897240 |url-status=live }}</ref> Employees of Gameloft were presented with an [[open letter]] welcoming them to the new parent company's family.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/274002/Vivendi_succeeds_in_hostile_Gameloft_takeover.php |title=Vivendi succeeds in hostile Gameloft takeover |first=Chris |last=Kerr |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=18 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918020759/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/274002/Vivendi_succeeds_in_hostile_Gameloft_takeover.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.destructoid.com/vivendi-sends-letter-to-welcome-gameloft-employees-to-their-new-job-365239.phtml |title=Vivendi sends letter to welcome Gameloft employees to their new job |website=destructoid.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=5 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705152049/https://www.destructoid.com/vivendi-sends-letter-to-welcome-gameloft-employees-to-their-new-job-365239.phtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

Analysts believed that the takeover was just the first step towards also purchasing [[Ubisoft]], another video game venture founded by Guillemot and his brothers, although Vivendi only held a 17.7% minority in that company at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/06/02/vivendi-could-take-over-ubisoft-after-acquiring-gameloft |title=Vivendi Could Take Over Ubisoft After Acquiring Gameloft |first=Matt |last=Porter |date=2 June 2016 |website=ign.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121095450/http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/06/02/vivendi-could-take-over-ubisoft-after-acquiring-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-06-01-vivendi-has-seized-control-of-guillemot-brothers-mobile-publisher-gameloft |title=Vivendi has seized control of Guillemot brothers' mobile publisher Gameloft |first=Jeffrey |last=Matulef |date=2 June 2016 |website=eurogamer.net |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071831/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-06-01-vivendi-has-seized-control-of-guillemot-brothers-mobile-publisher-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/as-ubisoft-worries-about-a-takeover-gameloft-ceo-a/1100-6440462/ |title=As Ubisoft Worries About a Takeover, Gameloft CEO Addresses His Company's Future |first=Chris |last=Pereira |date=3 June 2016 |website=gamespot.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125755/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/as-ubisoft-worries-about-a-takeover-gameloft-ceo-a/1100-6440462/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In response to Vivendi's actions, Guillemot announced that he would step down from his company and join his brother Yves Guillemot at Ubisoft to prevent it from also being taken over.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/274047/Report_Gameloft_CEO_stepping_down_after_Vivendi_takeover.php |title=Report: Gameloft CEO stepping down after Vivendi takeover |first=Bryant |last=Francis |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071748/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/274047/Report_Gameloft_CEO_stepping_down_after_Vivendi_takeover.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/06/vivendi-hostile-takeover-gameloft-ubisoft-guillemot-resignation/ |title=Vivendi's Gameloft takeover may spark resignation of Ubisoft co-founder |website=arstechnica.com |date=2 June 2016 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121072329/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/06/vivendi-hostile-takeover-gameloft-ubisoft-guillemot-resignation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Guillemot later clarified that his stepping-down would take effect on 29 June.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2016/06/03/gameloft-ceo-michel-guillemot-defiant-in-email-to-staff-will-step-down-june-29.aspx |title=Gameloft CEO Michel Guillemot Defiant In Email To Staff, Will Step Down June 29 |website=Game Informer |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121151443/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2016/06/03/gameloft-ceo-michel-guillemot-defiant-in-email-to-staff-will-step-down-june-29.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/6/1/11834256/gameloft-vivendi-takeover-ceo-resign-report |title=Report: Gameloft CEO to step down following Vivendi takeover (update) |first=Allegra |last=Frank |date=1 June 2016 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125830/https://www.polygon.com/2016/6/1/11834256/gameloft-vivendi-takeover-ceo-resign-report |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 8 June, the Guillemot brothers announced that they were regretfully selling their ownership in Gameloft to Vivendi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/6/8/11890102/vivendi-takeover-gameloft-ubisoft-guillemot |title=Vivendi completes takeover of Gameloft as Guillemots sell stake |first=Owen S. |last=Good |date=8 June 2016 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071711/https://www.polygon.com/2016/6/8/11890102/vivendi-takeover-gameloft-ubisoft-guillemot |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.destructoid.com/ubisoft-founders-to-sell-all-remaining-control-in-gameloft-to-vivendi-367069.phtml |title=Ubisoft founders to sell all remaining control in Gameloft to Vivendi |website=destructoid.com |date=9 June 2016 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108133200/https://www.destructoid.com/ubisoft-founders-to-sell-all-remaining-control-in-gameloft-to-vivendi-367069.phtml |url-status=live }}</ref> The transaction awarded Vivendi another 21.7% in Gameloft's capital.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-06-02-gameloft-ceo-to-step-down-vivendi-issues-letter-to-employees |title=Gameloft CEO to step down, Vivendi issues letter to employees |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125807/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-06-02-gameloft-ceo-to-step-down-vivendi-issues-letter-to-employees |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/vivendi-to-buy-remaining-control-of-gameloft-as-gu/1100-6440596/ |title=Vivendi to Buy Remaining Control of Gameloft as Guillemots Agree to Sell |first=Mat |last=Paget |date=8 June 2016 |website=gamespot.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094618/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/vivendi-to-buy-remaining-control-of-gameloft-as-gu/1100-6440596/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After Guillemot departed from Gameloft on 29 June, Vivendi set up a new board of directors for the company, with Vivendi's present chief operating officer (COO), Stéphane Roussel, appointed Gameloft's chairman and CEO, and Gameloft's previous CFO, de Rochefort, additionally taking over the management of the company's 39 subsidiaries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-06-29-vivendi-coo-stephane-roussel-named-gameloft-ceo |title=Vivendi COO Stephane Roussel named Gameloft CEO |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071726/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-06-29-vivendi-coo-stephane-roussel-named-gameloft-ceo |url-status=live }}</ref> At that point, Vivendi owned 95.94% of Gameloft's [[share capital]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gameloft-m-a-vivendi/gamelofts-board-resigns-names-new-boss-idUSKCN0ZF0GA |title=Gameloft's board resigns, names new boss |date=29 June 2016 |access-date=20 January 2018 |newspaper=Reuters |archive-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906152624/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gameloft-m-a-vivendi/gamelofts-board-resigns-names-new-boss-idUSKCN0ZF0GA |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Corporate affairs ==
Gameloft is headquartered at 14 rue Auber, [[9th arrondissement of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/en/privacy-notice |title=Privacy Notice |website=Gameloft |access-date=27 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327210330/https://www.gameloft.com/en/privacy-notice/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gameloft.com/corporate/en/company/world-presence/ |title=World Presence |website=Gameloft |access-date=27 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091435/http://www.gameloft.com/corporate/en/company/world-presence/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Studios ===
Gameloft operates 17 video game development studios worldwide.<ref name="corporate" /> In July 2011, Glenn Watson, [[Video game programmer|lead programmer]] of Gameloft's [[Auckland]] offshoot, stated that the company's management created a "constant sense of urgency" at its studio, having employees regularly work 12- to 14-hour days.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/07/19/former-gameloft-auckland-head-studio-programmer-calls-working-co/ |title=Former Gameloft Auckland head studio programmer calls working conditions 'dangerous' |website=engadget.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071608/https://www.engadget.com/2011/07/19/former-gameloft-auckland-head-studio-programmer-calls-working-co/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A new studio in [[New Orleans]] was opened in August 2011, taking advantage of [[tax breaks]] granted by the government of [[Louisiana]] in July 2009 to establish 150 new jobs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2011-08-15-gameloft-creates-150-jobs-with-new-orleans-studio |title=Gameloft creates 150 jobs with New Orleans studio |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120235956/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2011-08-15-gameloft-creates-150-jobs-with-new-orleans-studio |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 January 2013, Gameloft's India studio in [[Hyderabad]] was closed midway through the workday, leaving 250 people unemployed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/185669/250_out_of_work_as_Gameloft_suddenly_shuts_down_its_India_studio_Updated.php |title=250 out of work as Gameloft suddenly shuts down its India studio [Updated] |first=Frank |last=Cifaldi |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071339/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/185669/250_out_of_work_as_Gameloft_suddenly_shuts_down_its_India_studio_Updated.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2013/1/30/3931970/gameloft-shuts-down-india-based-studio-at-a-loss-of-200-jobs |title=Gameloft shuts down India-based studio at a loss of 200 jobs |last=emilygera |date=30 January 2013 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=28 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828102352/https://www.polygon.com/2013/1/30/3931970/gameloft-shuts-down-india-based-studio-at-a-loss-of-200-jobs |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/articles/development/200-jobs-lost-as-gameloft-closes-indian-studio |title=200 jobs lost as Gameloft closes Indian studio – MCV UK |date=30 January 2013 |website=mcvuk.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094625/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/200-jobs-lost-as-gameloft-closes-indian-studio/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Between June and August 2015, Gameloft's [[Tokyo]] location made roughly 80 people, effectively being closed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/252956/Report_Gameloft_lays_off_Tokyo_devs_weeks_after_debut_game_launch.php |title=Report: Gameloft lays off Tokyo devs weeks after debut game launch |first=Alex |last=Wawro |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071259/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/252956/Report_Gameloft_lays_off_Tokyo_devs_weeks_after_debut_game_launch.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, on 8 July 2015, all operations at the company's [[New York City]] office were halted, and as many as 100 employees were laid off.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/248096/Report_Gameloft_lays_off_staff_shutters_New_York_studio.php |title=Report: Gameloft lays off staff, shutters New York studio |first=Alex |last=Wawro |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071303/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/248096/Report_Gameloft_lays_off_staff_shutters_New_York_studio.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://toucharcade.com/2015/07/09/gameloft-closes-nyc-studio/ |title=Gameloft Closes Their NYC Studio, Lays Off All Development Staff – TouchArcade |website=toucharcade.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000032/http://toucharcade.com/2015/07/09/gameloft-closes-nyc-studio/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Shortly after, in September 2015, Gameloft's [[Seattle]] studio was closed down and its 15 employees were let go.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/report-gameloft-closes-seattle-studio/0211618 |title=Report: Gameloft closes Seattle studio |website=develop-online.net |date=24 September 2015 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127113414/http://www.develop-online.net/news/report-gameloft-closes-seattle-studio/0211618 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/254438/Gameloft_shutters_another_studio_this_time_in_Seattle.php |title=Gameloft shutters another studio, this time in Seattle |first=Alex |last=Wawro |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071225/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/254438/Gameloft_shutters_another_studio_this_time_in_Seattle.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2015-09-24-gameloft-shutters-seattle-studio-report |title=Gameloft shutters Seattle studio |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120235945/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2015-09-24-gameloft-shutters-seattle-studio-report |url-status=live }}</ref> The studio was opened just a year prior to its closure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-11-17-new-seattle-studio-for-gameloft |title=New Seattle studio for Gameloft |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071229/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-11-17-new-seattle-studio-for-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-opens-new-seattle-studio/0200154 |title=Gameloft opens new Seattle studio |website=develop-online.net |date=18 November 2014 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104224029/http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-opens-new-seattle-studio/0200154 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/articles/development/another-gameloft-studio-shuts-down-report |title=Another Gameloft studio shuts down - report - MCV UK |date=24 September 2015 |website=mcvuk.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094604/https://www.mcvuk.com/development-news/another-gameloft-studio-shuts-down-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Seven studios were closed in total in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/articles/retail/gameloft-has-closed-seven-unprofitable-studios-in-2015 |title=Gameloft has closed seven unprofitable studios in 2015 - MCV UK |date=11 September 2015 |website=mcvuk.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094604/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/gameloft-has-closed-seven-unprofitable-studios-in-2015/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-has-closed-seven-studios-so-far-in-2015/0211160 |title=Gameloft has closed seven studios so far in 2015 |website=develop-online.net |date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=23 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423205810/http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-has-closed-seven-studios-so-far-in-2015/0211160 |url-status=live }}</ref> Guillemot stated that these actions were taken to accommodate its "ambitious cost reduction program", instantiated after the company saw a [[Net income|net loss]] of {{€|16.6 million|link=yes}} in the [[fiscal year]] that ended on 30 June 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/253366/Disappointing_revenues_account_for_Gameloft_shuttering_7_studios.php |title='Disappointing' revenues account for Gameloft shuttering 7 studios |first=Alex |last=Wawro |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071301/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/253366/Disappointing_revenues_account_for_Gameloft_shuttering_7_studios.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2015-09-10-gameloft-has-closed-seven-studios-in-2015 |title=Gameloft has closed seven studios in 2015 |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000022/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2015-09-10-gameloft-has-closed-seven-studios-in-2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2016, Gameloft opened a Nigerian marketing office for regional expansions,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/264149/Gameloft_opens_Nigerian_office_for_regional_expansion.php |title=Gameloft opens Nigerian office for regional expansion |first=Chris |last=Kerr |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071222/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/264149/Gameloft_opens_Nigerian_office_for_regional_expansion.php |url-status=live }}</ref> and shut down its Auckland studio, firing roughly 160 employees.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/264520/Gameloft_shuts_down_New_Zealand_studio.php |title=Gameloft shuts down New Zealand studio |first=Christian |last=Nutt |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071305/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/264520/Gameloft_shuts_down_New_Zealand_studio.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-01-28-160-jobs-cut-as-gameloft-closes-new-zealand-studio |title=160 jobs cut as Gameloft closes New Zealand studio |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000014/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-01-28-160-jobs-cut-as-gameloft-closes-new-zealand-studio |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time, Gameloft Auckland was New Zealand's largest video game studio.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-closure-see-new-zealand-lose-its-largest-studio/0215957 |title=Gameloft closure see New Zealand lose its largest studio |website=develop-online.net |date=28 January 2016 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=30 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330030535/http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-closure-see-new-zealand-lose-its-largest-studio/0215957 |url-status=live }}</ref> Gameloft's [[Valencia]], Spain, location was shuttered in April 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/271173/Report_Gameloft_shuts_down_another_studio_this_time_in_Spain.php |title=Report: Gameloft shuts down another studio, this time in Spain |first=Alex |last=Wawro |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071229/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/271173/Report_Gameloft_shuts_down_another_studio_this_time_in_Spain.php |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2017, Gameloft appointed John-Paul Burke as [[General manager|country manager]] for its subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and Ireland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-07-12-gameloft-appoints-new-uk-and-ireland-country-manager |title=Gameloft appoints new UK and Ireland country manager |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120182243/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-07-12-gameloft-appoints-new-uk-and-ireland-country-manager |url-status=live }}</ref> Gameloft UK later closed in December 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-12-05-gameloft-uk-shuts-down |title=Gameloft UK shuts down |first=James |last=Batchelor |date=5 December 2019 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]] |access-date=5 December 2019 |archive-date=5 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205171947/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-12-05-gameloft-uk-shuts-down |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class=wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ List of studios
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" | Founded
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref(s).|Reference(s)}}
|-
| Gameloft Barcelona
| [[Barcelona]], Spain
| 2006
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/barcelona |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Barcelona |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090157/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/barcelona |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Bucharest
| [[Bucharest]], Romania
| 2000
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/bucharest |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Bucharest |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090214/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/bucharest |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Budapest
| [[Budapest]], Hungary
| 2012
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/budapest |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Budapest |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090223/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/budapest |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Kharkiv / Gameloft Kharkov
| [[Kharkiv]], Ukraine
| 2007
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/kharkiv |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Kharkov |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090328/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/kharkiv |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Montreal / Gameloft Montréal
| [[Montreal]], Canada
| 2000
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/montreal |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Montreal |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090314/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/montreal |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Brisbane
| [[Brisbane]], Australia
| 2014
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/brisbane |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Brisbane |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217122844/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/brisbane |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Cluj
| [[Cluj-Napoca]], Romania
| 2010
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/cluj |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Cluj |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090338/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/cluj |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft South-East Asia
| {{Unbulleted list|[[Ho Chi Minh City]], Vietnam|[[Hanoi]], Vietnam|[[Yogyakarta]], Indonesia}}
| 2004
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/southeastasia |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} South East Asia |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090322/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/southeastasia |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Lviv
| [[Lviv]], Ukraine
| 2014
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/lviv |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Lviv |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090324/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/lviv |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Sofia
| [[Sofia]], Bulgaria
| 2005
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/sofia |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Sofia |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090234/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/sofia |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Toronto
| [[Toronto]], Canada
| 2011
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/toronto |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Toronto |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090259/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/toronto |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Services ===
In October 2019, Gameloft announced a partnership with mobile operator [[Telecom Italia]] to open TIM I Love Games, a games subscription service for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[iOS]], exclusive to Italy and TIM Italy customers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-10-24-gameloft-partners-with-tim-italy-for-new-mobile-subscription-service |title=Gameloft partners with TIM Italy for new mobile subscription service |first=Rebekah |last=Valentine |date=24 October 2019 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]] |access-date=30 October 2019 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030104758/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-10-24-gameloft-partners-with-tim-italy-for-new-mobile-subscription-service |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Games ==
{{Main|List of Gameloft games}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}

{{Gameloft}}
{{Vivendi}}

[[Category:French companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:2016 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Companies based in Paris]]
[[Category:Mobile game companies]]
[[Category:Societates Europaeae]]
[[Category:Video game companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:Video game companies of France]]
[[Category:Video game development companies]]
[[Category:Video game publishers]]
[[Category:Vivendi subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Paris Bourse]]

Gameloft

2021-11-05T01:59:14Z

186.12.80.67:

{{short description|French video game publisher}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Gameloft SE
| logo = Gameloft.svg
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1999|12|14}}
| founder = Michel Guillemot
| hq_location_city = [[Paris]]
| hq_location_country = France
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Stéphane Roussel ([[chairman]], [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])|Alexandre de Rochefort ([[Chief financial officer|CFO]])}}
| parent = [[Vivendi]] (2016–present)
| num_employees = 4,600<ref name="corporate">{{cite web |url=http://www.gameloft.com/corporate/en/ |title=Corporate |website=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217122746/https://www.gameloft.com/corporate/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| num_employees_year = 2019
| website = {{URL|http://www.gameloft.com/en/|gameloft.com}}
}}

'''Gameloft SE''' is a French [[video game publisher]] based in [[Paris]], founded in December 1999 by [[Ubisoft]] co-founder Michel Guillemot. The company operates 19 development studios worldwide, and publishes games with a special focus on the [[mobile game]]s market. Formerly a [[public company]] traded at the [[Paris Bourse]], Gameloft was acquired by media conglomerate [[Vivendi]] in 2016.

== History ==
=== Game development strategy ===
Gameloft was founded by Michel Guillemot, one of the five founders of [[Ubisoft]], on 14 December 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/09/19/mobile-luminaries-michel-guillemot |title=Mobile Luminaries: Michel Guillemot |first=Levi |last=Buchanan |date=19 September 2005 |website=ign.com |access-date=20 July 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720170202/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/09/19/mobile-luminaries-michel-guillemot |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.ubisoft.com/usa/corp/press/pr_gameloft.html |title=GAMELOFT.COM: THE GLOBAL ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT PLATFORM |date=14 December 1999 |website=[[Ubisoft]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000302181200/http://www.ubisoft.com/usa/corp/press/pr_gameloft.html |archive-date=2 March 2000 |url-status=dead |access-date=5 November 2018 }}</ref> By February 2009, Gameloft had shipped over 200 million copies of its games since its IPO,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5154566/gameloft-moves-200-million-mobile-games |title=Gameloft Moves 200 Million Mobile Games |first=Mike |last=Fahey |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071522/https://kotaku.com/5154566/gameloft-moves-200-million-mobile-games |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as 2 million daily downloads of its games via the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]] for [[iOS]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5176723/gameloft-sells-2m-iphone-games |title=Gameloft Sells 2M iPhone Games |first=Brian |last=Crecente |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071558/https://kotaku.com/5176723/gameloft-sells-2m-iphone-games |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5642953/gameloft-sells-more-than-20-million-games-on-app-store |title=Gameloft Sells More than 20 Million Games on App Store |first=Brian |last=Crecente |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071519/https://kotaku.com/5642953/gameloft-sells-more-than-20-million-games-on-app-store |url-status=live }}</ref> Gameloft's [[chief financial officer]] (CFO), Alexandre de Rochefort, noted that the company's games generated about 400 times more revenue on iOS than on [[Android (operating system)|Android]], partially because [[Google]] did not develop its [[Google Play]] storefront to "entice customers to actually buy products"; as a result of which Gameloft heavily cut its investments in Android games development in November 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/gameloft-slashes-android-investment |title=Gameloft slashes Android investment |first=Ellie |last=Gibson |date=23 November 2009 |website=eurogamer.net |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071331/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/gameloft-slashes-android-investment |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/gameloft-cuts-android-investment-claims-others-will-follow |title=Gameloft cuts Android investment, claims others will follow |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000002/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/gameloft-cuts-android-investment-claims-others-will-follow |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2010, Gameloft instead attempted to sell Android games directly through its website, avoiding the use of Google Play.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2010/05/gameloft-android/ |title=Gameloft Sidesteps Android Market for Mobile Assassin's Creed, HAWX |magazine=Wired |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000019/https://www.wired.com/2010/05/gameloft-android/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In a May 2011 keynote, de Rochefort stated that he wanted to avoid moving the company to the [[NASDAQ]] stock exchange, as the U.S. games market appeared to be nothing more than a large [[economic bubble]], especially when seeing [[Zynga]]'s then {{US$|10 billion|link=yes}} total stock value.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/124992/Gameloft_CFO_Warns_Of_Social_Gaming_Bubble.php |title=Gameloft CFO Warns Of Social Gaming 'Bubble' |first=Kyle |last=Orland |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071337/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/124992/Gameloft_CFO_Warns_Of_Social_Gaming_Bubble.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gameloft's games have often been accused of being [[Video game clone|clones of other properties]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5731973/so-is-this-your-legend-of-zelda-rip-off-gameloft |title=So, Is This Your Legend of Zelda Rip-off, Gameloft? |first=Michael |last=McWhertor |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071526/https://kotaku.com/5731973/so-is-this-your-legend-of-zelda-rip-off-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5979849/is-this-gamelofts-team-fortress-2-or-battlefield-heroes |title=Is This Gameloft's Team Fortress 2 or Battlefield Heroes? |first=Mike |last=Fahey |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071555/https://kotaku.com/5979849/is-this-gamelofts-team-fortress-2-or-battlefield-heroes |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://toucharcade.com/2013/06/07/gamelofts-gta-like-gangstar-vegas-hits-the-app-store/ |title=Gameloft's 'GTA'-like 'Gangstar Vegas' Hits the App Store – TouchArcade |website=toucharcade.com |date=7 June 2013 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071235/http://toucharcade.com/2013/06/07/gamelofts-gta-like-gangstar-vegas-hits-the-app-store/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/5639832/gameloft-shows-off-impressive-new-grand-theft-auto-and-diablo-clones/ |title=Gameloft Shows Off Impressive New Grand Theft Auto And Diablo Clones |first=Mike |last=Fahey |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071600/https://kotaku.com/5639832/gameloft-shows-off-impressive-new-grand-theft-auto-and-diablo-clones/ |url-status=live }}</ref> when asked about it at the November 2011 [[Consumer Electronics Show]], chief executive officer (CEO) Michel Guillemot stated "The videogame industry has always played around a limited number of themes. There is maybe one new idea a year."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-01-11-gameloft-answers-game-cloning-charge |title=Gameloft answers game cloning charge |first=Fred |last=Dutton |date=11 January 2011 |website=eurogamer.net |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071516/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-01-11-gameloft-answers-game-cloning-charge |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/01/10/guillemots-goal-gameloft-on-every-screen |title=Guillemot's Goal: Gameloft on Every Screen |first=Levi |last=Buchanan |date=10 January 2011 |website=ign.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121092847/http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/01/10/guillemots-goal-gameloft-on-every-screen |url-status=live }}</ref> In response to many users commenting on Guillemot's remarks, Levi Buchanan of [[IGN]] defended Gameloft, stating that its games were usually well-polished, in contrary to the original concepts' games.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/03/editorial-in-defense-of-gameloft |title=Editorial: In Defense of Gameloft |first=Levi |last=Buchanan |date=3 December 2010 |website=ign.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121023012/http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/03/editorial-in-defense-of-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref>

By July 2014, Gameloft announced that they would focus more strongly on quality than on quantity, as was stated to have previously been the case.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-07-10-gameloft-pushing-quality-over-quantity |title=Gameloft pushing quality over quantity |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000010/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-07-10-gameloft-pushing-quality-over-quantity |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2013, Texan company [[Lodsys]] filed a lawsuit against Gameloft, among other mobile game developers, for infringing its patent on [[in-app purchases]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/04/patent-troll-lodsys-sues-10-mobile-game-makers-despite-apples-intervention/ |title=Patent troll Lodsys sues mobile game makers, despite Apple's intervention |website=arstechnica.com |date=8 April 2013 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071530/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/04/patent-troll-lodsys-sues-10-mobile-game-makers-despite-apples-intervention/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Similar lawsuits were previously intervened by [[Apple Inc.]], who claim to have licensed the technology from Lodsys for usage in its App Store.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2013/4/9/4204352/patent-troll-lodsys-sues-gameloft-and-disney-for-use-of-in-app |title=Patent troll Lodsys sues Gameloft and Disney for use of in-app purchases |last=emilygera |date=9 April 2013 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720165749/https://www.polygon.com/2013/4/9/4204352/patent-troll-lodsys-sues-gameloft-and-disney-for-use-of-in-app |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2012 and February 2016, Gameloft penned publishing contracts with [[GREE, Inc.]] and [[GungHo Online Entertainment]], respectively, to facilitate its presence in the Asian market.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-02-21-gree-announces-publishing-deals-with-gameloft-and-ubisoft |title=Gree secures publishing deals with Gameloft and Ubisoft |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071754/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-02-21-gree-announces-publishing-deals-with-gameloft-and-ubisoft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/265077/Gameloft_and_GungHo_strike_up_new_mobile_partnership.php |title=Gameloft and GungHo strike up new mobile partnership |first=Chris |last=Kerr |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071814/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/265077/Gameloft_and_GungHo_strike_up_new_mobile_partnership.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Vivendi subsidiary ===
In October 2015, French media conglomerate Vivendi announced that they had acquired a 6.2% stake in Gameloft's stock,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/256280/Former_Activision_owner_Vivendi_takes_stakes_in_Ubisoft_Gameloft.php |title=Former Activision owner Vivendi takes stakes in Ubisoft, Gameloft |first=Christian |last=Nutt |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121072000/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/256280/Former_Activision_owner_Vivendi_takes_stakes_in_Ubisoft_Gameloft.php |url-status=live }}</ref> which was quickly raised to 10.2% a few days later.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/257127/Vivendi_ups_its_stakes_in_Ubisoft_and_Gameloft_may_buy_more_stock.php |title=Vivendi ups its stakes in Ubisoft and Gameloft, may buy more stock |first=Christian |last=Nutt |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071812/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/257127/Vivendi_ups_its_stakes_in_Ubisoft_and_Gameloft_may_buy_more_stock.php |url-status=live }}</ref> By February 2016, Vivendi had acquired 30% in the company, and launched a [[hostile takeover]] bid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-02-19-vivendi-in-process-of-mandatory-takeover-bid-for-gameloft |title=Vivendi in process of mandatory takeover bid for Gameloft |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108124653/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-02-19-vivendi-in-process-of-mandatory-takeover-bid-for-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/2/25/11117916/report-ubisoft-seeking-investors-to-defend-against-vivendi-takeover |title=Report: Ubisoft seeking investors to defend against Vivendi takeover |first=Charlie |last=Hall |date=25 February 2016 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125732/https://www.polygon.com/2016/2/25/11117916/report-ubisoft-seeking-investors-to-defend-against-vivendi-takeover |url-status=live }}</ref> In accordance with French law, Vivendi started a [[tender offer]] to acquire further shares.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/266243/Vivendi_ups_stakes_in_Gameloft_begins_mandatory_takeover.php |title=Vivendi ups stakes in Gameloft, begins mandatory takeover |first=Chris |last=Kerr |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125816/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/266243/Vivendi_ups_stakes_in_Gameloft_begins_mandatory_takeover.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following the announcement, Gameloft's board of directors strongly advised shareholders against selling stock to Vivendi to avoid the hostile takeover.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-02-29-gameloft-board-advises-against-selling-stock-to-vivendi |title=Gameloft board advises against selling stock to Vivendi |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071752/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-02-29-gameloft-board-advises-against-selling-stock-to-vivendi |url-status=live }}</ref> By May 2016, Vivendi had won over the majority of shareholders, enabling them to move forward in the takeover.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/5/27/11798268/vivendi-gameloft-ubisoft-takeover |title=Report: Vivendi moving ahead with 'hostile takeover' of Gameloft (update) |first=Allegra |last=Frank |date=27 May 2016 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071908/https://www.polygon.com/2016/5/27/11798268/vivendi-gameloft-ubisoft-takeover |url-status=live }}</ref>

The acquisition was completed on 1 June 2016, with Vivendi having acquired 56%, an [[absolute majority]] over Gameloft's ownership.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/vivendi-edges-closer-to-ubisoft-with-hostile-gameloft-takeover/ |title=Vivendi edges closer to Ubisoft with hostile Gameloft takeover |website=pcgamer.com |date=June 2016 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603175610/http://www.pcgamer.com/vivendi-edges-closer-to-ubisoft-with-hostile-gameloft-takeover/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/vivendi-takes-over-gameloft-eyes-ubisoft-next-1779897240 |title=Vivendi Takes Over Gameloft, Eyes Ubisoft Next |first=Jason |last=Schreier |website=kotaku.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071937/https://kotaku.com/vivendi-takes-over-gameloft-eyes-ubisoft-next-1779897240 |url-status=live }}</ref> Employees of Gameloft were presented with an [[open letter]] welcoming them to the new parent company's family.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/274002/Vivendi_succeeds_in_hostile_Gameloft_takeover.php |title=Vivendi succeeds in hostile Gameloft takeover |first=Chris |last=Kerr |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=18 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918020759/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/274002/Vivendi_succeeds_in_hostile_Gameloft_takeover.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.destructoid.com/vivendi-sends-letter-to-welcome-gameloft-employees-to-their-new-job-365239.phtml |title=Vivendi sends letter to welcome Gameloft employees to their new job |website=destructoid.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=5 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705152049/https://www.destructoid.com/vivendi-sends-letter-to-welcome-gameloft-employees-to-their-new-job-365239.phtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

Analysts believed that the takeover was just the first step towards also purchasing [[Ubisoft]], another video game venture founded by Guillemot and his brothers, although Vivendi only held a 17.7% minority in that company at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/06/02/vivendi-could-take-over-ubisoft-after-acquiring-gameloft |title=Vivendi Could Take Over Ubisoft After Acquiring Gameloft |first=Matt |last=Porter |date=2 June 2016 |website=ign.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121095450/http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/06/02/vivendi-could-take-over-ubisoft-after-acquiring-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-06-01-vivendi-has-seized-control-of-guillemot-brothers-mobile-publisher-gameloft |title=Vivendi has seized control of Guillemot brothers' mobile publisher Gameloft |first=Jeffrey |last=Matulef |date=2 June 2016 |website=eurogamer.net |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071831/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-06-01-vivendi-has-seized-control-of-guillemot-brothers-mobile-publisher-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/as-ubisoft-worries-about-a-takeover-gameloft-ceo-a/1100-6440462/ |title=As Ubisoft Worries About a Takeover, Gameloft CEO Addresses His Company's Future |first=Chris |last=Pereira |date=3 June 2016 |website=gamespot.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125755/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/as-ubisoft-worries-about-a-takeover-gameloft-ceo-a/1100-6440462/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In response to Vivendi's actions, Guillemot announced that he would step down from his company and join his brother Yves Guillemot at Ubisoft to prevent it from also being taken over.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/274047/Report_Gameloft_CEO_stepping_down_after_Vivendi_takeover.php |title=Report: Gameloft CEO stepping down after Vivendi takeover |first=Bryant |last=Francis |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071748/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/274047/Report_Gameloft_CEO_stepping_down_after_Vivendi_takeover.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/06/vivendi-hostile-takeover-gameloft-ubisoft-guillemot-resignation/ |title=Vivendi's Gameloft takeover may spark resignation of Ubisoft co-founder |website=arstechnica.com |date=2 June 2016 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121072329/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/06/vivendi-hostile-takeover-gameloft-ubisoft-guillemot-resignation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Guillemot later clarified that his stepping-down would take effect on 29 June.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2016/06/03/gameloft-ceo-michel-guillemot-defiant-in-email-to-staff-will-step-down-june-29.aspx |title=Gameloft CEO Michel Guillemot Defiant In Email To Staff, Will Step Down June 29 |website=Game Informer |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121151443/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2016/06/03/gameloft-ceo-michel-guillemot-defiant-in-email-to-staff-will-step-down-june-29.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/6/1/11834256/gameloft-vivendi-takeover-ceo-resign-report |title=Report: Gameloft CEO to step down following Vivendi takeover (update) |first=Allegra |last=Frank |date=1 June 2016 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125830/https://www.polygon.com/2016/6/1/11834256/gameloft-vivendi-takeover-ceo-resign-report |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 8 June, the Guillemot brothers announced that they were regretfully selling their ownership in Gameloft to Vivendi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/6/8/11890102/vivendi-takeover-gameloft-ubisoft-guillemot |title=Vivendi completes takeover of Gameloft as Guillemots sell stake |first=Owen S. |last=Good |date=8 June 2016 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071711/https://www.polygon.com/2016/6/8/11890102/vivendi-takeover-gameloft-ubisoft-guillemot |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.destructoid.com/ubisoft-founders-to-sell-all-remaining-control-in-gameloft-to-vivendi-367069.phtml |title=Ubisoft founders to sell all remaining control in Gameloft to Vivendi |website=destructoid.com |date=9 June 2016 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108133200/https://www.destructoid.com/ubisoft-founders-to-sell-all-remaining-control-in-gameloft-to-vivendi-367069.phtml |url-status=live }}</ref> The transaction awarded Vivendi another 21.7% in Gameloft's capital.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-06-02-gameloft-ceo-to-step-down-vivendi-issues-letter-to-employees |title=Gameloft CEO to step down, Vivendi issues letter to employees |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125807/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-06-02-gameloft-ceo-to-step-down-vivendi-issues-letter-to-employees |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/vivendi-to-buy-remaining-control-of-gameloft-as-gu/1100-6440596/ |title=Vivendi to Buy Remaining Control of Gameloft as Guillemots Agree to Sell |first=Mat |last=Paget |date=8 June 2016 |website=gamespot.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094618/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/vivendi-to-buy-remaining-control-of-gameloft-as-gu/1100-6440596/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After Guillemot departed from Gameloft on 29 June, Vivendi set up a new board of directors for the company, with Vivendi's present chief operating officer (COO), Stéphane Roussel, appointed Gameloft's chairman and CEO, and Gameloft's previous CFO, de Rochefort, additionally taking over the management of the company's 39 subsidiaries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-06-29-vivendi-coo-stephane-roussel-named-gameloft-ceo |title=Vivendi COO Stephane Roussel named Gameloft CEO |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071726/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-06-29-vivendi-coo-stephane-roussel-named-gameloft-ceo |url-status=live }}</ref> At that point, Vivendi owned 95.94% of Gameloft's [[share capital]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gameloft-m-a-vivendi/gamelofts-board-resigns-names-new-boss-idUSKCN0ZF0GA |title=Gameloft's board resigns, names new boss |date=29 June 2016 |access-date=20 January 2018 |newspaper=Reuters |archive-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906152624/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gameloft-m-a-vivendi/gamelofts-board-resigns-names-new-boss-idUSKCN0ZF0GA |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Corporate affairs ==
Gameloft is headquartered at 14 rue Auber, [[9th arrondissement of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/en/privacy-notice |title=Privacy Notice |website=Gameloft |access-date=27 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327210330/https://www.gameloft.com/en/privacy-notice/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gameloft.com/corporate/en/company/world-presence/ |title=World Presence |website=Gameloft |access-date=27 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091435/http://www.gameloft.com/corporate/en/company/world-presence/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Studios ===
Gameloft operates 17 video game development studios worldwide.<ref name="corporate" /> In July 2011, Glenn Watson, [[Video game programmer|lead programmer]] of Gameloft's [[Auckland]] offshoot, stated that the company's management created a "constant sense of urgency" at its studio, having employees regularly work 12- to 14-hour days.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/07/19/former-gameloft-auckland-head-studio-programmer-calls-working-co/ |title=Former Gameloft Auckland head studio programmer calls working conditions 'dangerous' |website=engadget.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071608/https://www.engadget.com/2011/07/19/former-gameloft-auckland-head-studio-programmer-calls-working-co/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A new studio in [[New Orleans]] was opened in August 2011, taking advantage of [[tax breaks]] granted by the government of [[Louisiana]] in July 2009 to establish 150 new jobs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2011-08-15-gameloft-creates-150-jobs-with-new-orleans-studio |title=Gameloft creates 150 jobs with New Orleans studio |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120235956/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2011-08-15-gameloft-creates-150-jobs-with-new-orleans-studio |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 January 2013, Gameloft's India studio in [[Hyderabad]] was closed midway through the workday, leaving 250 people unemployed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/185669/250_out_of_work_as_Gameloft_suddenly_shuts_down_its_India_studio_Updated.php |title=250 out of work as Gameloft suddenly shuts down its India studio [Updated] |first=Frank |last=Cifaldi |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071339/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/185669/250_out_of_work_as_Gameloft_suddenly_shuts_down_its_India_studio_Updated.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2013/1/30/3931970/gameloft-shuts-down-india-based-studio-at-a-loss-of-200-jobs |title=Gameloft shuts down India-based studio at a loss of 200 jobs |last=emilygera |date=30 January 2013 |website=Polygon |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=28 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828102352/https://www.polygon.com/2013/1/30/3931970/gameloft-shuts-down-india-based-studio-at-a-loss-of-200-jobs |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/articles/development/200-jobs-lost-as-gameloft-closes-indian-studio |title=200 jobs lost as Gameloft closes Indian studio – MCV UK |date=30 January 2013 |website=mcvuk.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094625/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/200-jobs-lost-as-gameloft-closes-indian-studio/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Between June and August 2015, Gameloft's [[Tokyo]] location made roughly 80 people, effectively being closed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/252956/Report_Gameloft_lays_off_Tokyo_devs_weeks_after_debut_game_launch.php |title=Report: Gameloft lays off Tokyo devs weeks after debut game launch |first=Alex |last=Wawro |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071259/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/252956/Report_Gameloft_lays_off_Tokyo_devs_weeks_after_debut_game_launch.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, on 8 July 2015, all operations at the company's [[New York City]] office were halted, and as many as 100 employees were laid off.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/248096/Report_Gameloft_lays_off_staff_shutters_New_York_studio.php |title=Report: Gameloft lays off staff, shutters New York studio |first=Alex |last=Wawro |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071303/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/248096/Report_Gameloft_lays_off_staff_shutters_New_York_studio.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://toucharcade.com/2015/07/09/gameloft-closes-nyc-studio/ |title=Gameloft Closes Their NYC Studio, Lays Off All Development Staff – TouchArcade |website=toucharcade.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000032/http://toucharcade.com/2015/07/09/gameloft-closes-nyc-studio/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Shortly after, in September 2015, Gameloft's [[Seattle]] studio was closed down and its 15 employees were let go.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/report-gameloft-closes-seattle-studio/0211618 |title=Report: Gameloft closes Seattle studio |website=develop-online.net |date=24 September 2015 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127113414/http://www.develop-online.net/news/report-gameloft-closes-seattle-studio/0211618 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/254438/Gameloft_shutters_another_studio_this_time_in_Seattle.php |title=Gameloft shutters another studio, this time in Seattle |first=Alex |last=Wawro |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071225/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/254438/Gameloft_shutters_another_studio_this_time_in_Seattle.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2015-09-24-gameloft-shutters-seattle-studio-report |title=Gameloft shutters Seattle studio |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120235945/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2015-09-24-gameloft-shutters-seattle-studio-report |url-status=live }}</ref> The studio was opened just a year prior to its closure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-11-17-new-seattle-studio-for-gameloft |title=New Seattle studio for Gameloft |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071229/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-11-17-new-seattle-studio-for-gameloft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-opens-new-seattle-studio/0200154 |title=Gameloft opens new Seattle studio |website=develop-online.net |date=18 November 2014 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104224029/http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-opens-new-seattle-studio/0200154 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/articles/development/another-gameloft-studio-shuts-down-report |title=Another Gameloft studio shuts down - report - MCV UK |date=24 September 2015 |website=mcvuk.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094604/https://www.mcvuk.com/development-news/another-gameloft-studio-shuts-down-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Seven studios were closed in total in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/articles/retail/gameloft-has-closed-seven-unprofitable-studios-in-2015 |title=Gameloft has closed seven unprofitable studios in 2015 - MCV UK |date=11 September 2015 |website=mcvuk.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094604/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/gameloft-has-closed-seven-unprofitable-studios-in-2015/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-has-closed-seven-studios-so-far-in-2015/0211160 |title=Gameloft has closed seven studios so far in 2015 |website=develop-online.net |date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=23 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423205810/http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-has-closed-seven-studios-so-far-in-2015/0211160 |url-status=live }}</ref> Guillemot stated that these actions were taken to accommodate its "ambitious cost reduction program", instantiated after the company saw a [[Net income|net loss]] of {{€|16.6 million|link=yes}} in the [[fiscal year]] that ended on 30 June 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/253366/Disappointing_revenues_account_for_Gameloft_shuttering_7_studios.php |title='Disappointing' revenues account for Gameloft shuttering 7 studios |first=Alex |last=Wawro |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071301/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/253366/Disappointing_revenues_account_for_Gameloft_shuttering_7_studios.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2015-09-10-gameloft-has-closed-seven-studios-in-2015 |title=Gameloft has closed seven studios in 2015 |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000022/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2015-09-10-gameloft-has-closed-seven-studios-in-2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2016, Gameloft opened a Nigerian marketing office for regional expansions,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/264149/Gameloft_opens_Nigerian_office_for_regional_expansion.php |title=Gameloft opens Nigerian office for regional expansion |first=Chris |last=Kerr |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071222/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/264149/Gameloft_opens_Nigerian_office_for_regional_expansion.php |url-status=live }}</ref> and shut down its Auckland studio, firing roughly 160 employees.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/264520/Gameloft_shuts_down_New_Zealand_studio.php |title=Gameloft shuts down New Zealand studio |first=Christian |last=Nutt |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071305/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/264520/Gameloft_shuts_down_New_Zealand_studio.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-01-28-160-jobs-cut-as-gameloft-closes-new-zealand-studio |title=160 jobs cut as Gameloft closes New Zealand studio |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000014/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-01-28-160-jobs-cut-as-gameloft-closes-new-zealand-studio |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time, Gameloft Auckland was New Zealand's largest video game studio.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-closure-see-new-zealand-lose-its-largest-studio/0215957 |title=Gameloft closure see New Zealand lose its largest studio |website=develop-online.net |date=28 January 2016 |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=30 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330030535/http://www.develop-online.net/news/gameloft-closure-see-new-zealand-lose-its-largest-studio/0215957 |url-status=live }}</ref> Gameloft's [[Valencia]], Spain, location was shuttered in April 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/271173/Report_Gameloft_shuts_down_another_studio_this_time_in_Spain.php |title=Report: Gameloft shuts down another studio, this time in Spain |first=Alex |last=Wawro |website=gamasutra.com |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071229/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/271173/Report_Gameloft_shuts_down_another_studio_this_time_in_Spain.php |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2017, Gameloft appointed John-Paul Burke as [[General manager|country manager]] for its subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and Ireland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-07-12-gameloft-appoints-new-uk-and-ireland-country-manager |title=Gameloft appoints new UK and Ireland country manager |website=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120182243/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-07-12-gameloft-appoints-new-uk-and-ireland-country-manager |url-status=live }}</ref> Gameloft UK later closed in December 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-12-05-gameloft-uk-shuts-down |title=Gameloft UK shuts down |first=James |last=Batchelor |date=5 December 2019 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]] |access-date=5 December 2019 |archive-date=5 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205171947/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-12-05-gameloft-uk-shuts-down |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class=wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ List of studios
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" | Founded
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref(s).|Reference(s)}}
|-
| Gameloft Barcelona
| [[Barcelona]], Spain
| 2006
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/barcelona |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Barcelona |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090157/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/barcelona |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Bucharest
| [[Bucharest]], Romania
| 2000
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/bucharest |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Bucharest |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090214/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/bucharest |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Budapest
| [[Budapest]], Hungary
| 2012
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/budapest |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Budapest |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090223/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/budapest |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Kharkiv / Gameloft Kharkov
| [[Kharkiv]], Ukraine
| 2007
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/kharkiv |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Kharkov |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090328/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/kharkiv |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Montreal / Gameloft Montréal
| [[Montreal]], Canada
| 2000
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/montreal |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Montreal |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090314/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/montreal |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Brisbane
| [[Brisbane]], Australia
| 2014
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/brisbane |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Brisbane |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217122844/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/brisbane |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Cluj
| [[Cluj-Napoca]], Romania
| 2010
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/cluj |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Cluj |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090338/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/cluj |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft South-East Asia
| {{Unbulleted list|[[Ho Chi Minh City]], Vietnam|[[Hanoi]], Vietnam|[[Yogyakarta]], Indonesia}}
| 2004
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/southeastasia |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} South East Asia |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090322/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/southeastasia |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Lviv
| [[Lviv]], Ukraine
| 2014
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/lviv |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Lviv |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090324/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/lviv |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Sofia
| [[Sofia]], Bulgaria
| 2005
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/sofia |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Sofia |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090234/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/sofia |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Gameloft Toronto
| [[Toronto]], Canada
| 2011
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/toronto |title=Gameloft Studios {{!}} Toronto |publisher=Gameloft |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212090259/https://www.gameloft.com/gameloft-studios/toronto |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Services ===
In October 2019, Gameloft announced a partnership with mobile operator [[Telecom Italia]] to open TIM I Love Games, a games subscription service for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[iOS]], exclusive to Italy and TIM Italy customers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-10-24-gameloft-partners-with-tim-italy-for-new-mobile-subscription-service |title=Gameloft partners with TIM Italy for new mobile subscription service |first=Rebekah |last=Valentine |date=24 October 2019 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]] |access-date=30 October 2019 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030104758/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-10-24-gameloft-partners-with-tim-italy-for-new-mobile-subscription-service |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Games ==
{{Main|List of Gameloft games}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}

{{Gameloft}}
{{Vivendi}}

[[Category:French companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:2016 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Companies based in Paris]]
[[Category:Mobile game companies]]
[[Category:Societates Europaeae]]
[[Category:Video game companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:Video game companies of France]]
[[Category:Video game development companies]]
[[Category:Video game publishers]]
[[Category:Vivendi subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Paris Bourse]]

Editis

2021-11-05T01:53:48Z

186.12.80.67:

{{Infobox publisher
| image = Editis-logo-vector.svg
| parent = [[Vivendi]]
| status =
| founded = 2004
| founder =
| successor =
| country = [[France]]
| headquarters = [[Paris]]
| distribution =
| keypeople = '''José Manuel Lara''' ([[Chairman]]) '''Alain Kouck''' ([[CEO]])
| publications = [[Book]]s
| topics =
| genre =
| imprints =
| revenue = {{profit}}€760 [[1,000,000 (number)|million]] [[Euro]]s (2007){{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}
| numemployees = 2600 (as of 2010)
| nasdaq =
| url = {{URL|http://www.editis.com}}
}}

'''Editis''' is a French [[corporate group|group]] of [[publishing]] companies, subsidiary of French group [[Vivendi]]. It is the second-largest [[Media of France|French publishing]] group, after [[Hachette Livre]].

==History==
Editis was created in January 2004 by the regrouping of approximately 60% of the publishing assets of [[Vivendi]], the other part remaining with [[Lagardère Group]].<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.editis.com/content.php?lg=en&id=51 |title=Corporate Information |access-date=2010-02-15}}</ref>

Editis was, for 4 years (until May 2008), part of [[Wendel (group)|Wendel]], a financial investment group which had acquired it from Investima10 (a financial ''ad hoc'' structure holding Vivendi Universal Publishing assets after Lagardère's purchase in 2003). Wendel purchased this group of publishers for about €400 million plus debt, and sold it to Planeta for about €960 million, realizing a profit.

In May 2008, Editis integrated with the [[Planeta Group]], the main Spanish-speaking publisher. In January 2019, Vivendi reacquired Editis from Planeta for €900m.<ref>https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/universal-parent-vivendi-buys-book-publishing-company-editis-in-1bn-plus-deal</ref>

==Group members==

{{As of|2009}} the main subsidiaries were:
* [[Bordas]]
* CLE International
* [[Comptoir du Livre]]
* DNL
* [[Éditions First]]
* [[First Interactive]]
* [[Interforum]]
* [[La Découverte]], formerly Éditions [[François Maspero|Maspero]]
* [[Le Cherche Midi éditeur]]
* [[Dictionnaires Le Robert]]
* Éditions Nathan
* Éditions Syros
* Éditions Perrin
* [[Place des éditeurs]]
* [[Acropole]]
* Éditions Belfond
* [[En Voyage Editions]]
* [[Hors Collection]]
* [[Le pré aux clercs]]
* [[Lonely Planet]] France
* [[Omnibus (éditions)|Omnibus]]
* [[Presses de la Cité]]
* Solar
* [[Plon (publisher)|Plon]]
* [[Presses de la Renaissance]]
* [[Retz]]
* [[Robert Laffont]] - [[NiL Éditions]] - [[Éditions Julliard]] - [[Seghers]]
* [[SEJER]]
* [[SOGEDIF]]
* [[10/18]], [[Fleuve noir]], [[Langues Pour Tous]], [[Pocket editions|Pocket]], [[Pocket Jeunesse]]
* [[XO éditions]]
* [[Oh! Editions]]
* [[Editions Gründ]]
* [[Paraschool]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.editis.com}}

{{Vivendi}}

[[Category:Book publishing companies of France]]
[[Category:Companies based in Paris]]
[[Category:French companies established in 2004]]
[[Category:Publishing companies established in 2004]]
[[Category:Vivendi subsidiaries]]

Canal+ (French TV channel)

2021-11-05T01:16:55Z

186.12.80.67:

{{Short description|French television channel}}
{{about|the French channel|the Spanish version of this channel|Canal+ (Spanish TV channel)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Canal+
| logo = Canal+.svg
| logo_size = 225px
| launch_date = {{Start date|1984|11|4|df=yes}}
| closed_date =
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] {{small|(downscaled to [[16:9]] [[576i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)}}
| network = [[Groupe Canal+|Canal+ Group]]
| owner = [[Vivendi]]
| key_people =
| motto =
| country = [[France]]
| language = [[French language|French]]
| affiliates =
| headquarters = [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]], [[Paris]], [[France]]
| former_names =
| replaced =
| replaced_by =
| timeshift_service =
| website = {{URL|http://www.canalplus.com/}}
| terr_serv_1 = [[Digital terrestrial television]]
| terr_chan_1 = Channel 4 (HD)
| sat_serv_1 = [[Canal+ (TV provider)|Canal+]]
| sat_chan_1 = Channels 4 & 9 (SD/HD) Channel 503 (HD) Channels 703 & 710 (SD)
| iptv_serv_1 = [[Canal+ (TV provider)|Canal+]]
| iptv_chan_1 = Channel 4 & 9 (SD/HD) Channel 503 (HD)
}}

'''Canal+''' ('''Canal Plus''', {{IPA-fr|kanal plus}}, meaning 'Channel Plus'; sometimes abbreviated '''C+''' or '''Canal''') is a French premium television channel launched in 1984. It is 100% owned by the [[Groupe Canal+]], which in turn is owned by [[Vivendi]]. The channel broadcasts several kinds of programming, mostly encrypted. Unencrypted programming can be viewed free of charge on Canal+ and on satellite on Canal+ Clair (Clear). The channel does not broadcast advertising, except when broadcasting on free-to-air slots. Almost all foreign films and series are broadcast in their original language with French subtitles on a secondary audio channel and dubbed in French or in French. All the programs of the group's channels are subtitled in French for the deaf and hard of hearing and the visually impaired also have access audio description for some programs.

Canal+ is a supporter of the [[Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV]] (HbbTV) initiative, which promotes and establishes an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.
Since November 2017, Canal+ began to expand their catalogue internationally through the international feed, Canal+ International.

==History==
[[File:Logo-Canal%2B-Ellipse-Etienne-Robial-1984.png|thumb|200px|The original Canal+ logo, used from its launch in 1984 up to 1995]]
After the announcement about the launch of the fourth French television channel, Canal+ started broadcasting on 4 November 1984. In 1986, the channel had one million subscribers. It has produced numerous films of [[Auteur theory|auteurs]], including [[David Lynch]]'s ''[[The Straight Story]]'', ''[[Mulholland Drive (film)|Mulholland Dr.]]'', and ''[[Inland Empire (film)|Inland Empire]]''.

Originally, subscribers would be mailed a code to punch in on their decoder's control panel to view the encrypted service (using the [[Television encryption|RITC Discret 1]] system); the code would be based upon the decoder's serial number (stored in the box's ROM). To avoid problems with customer's codes being not delivered on time by the postal system, Canal+ would switch to encryption based on a generic key, between the last day of the month (beginning at midnight) and the first Monday of the next month (until 9 AM). During this time, all decoders—even those with lapsed subscriptions—would be able to view the channel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.journaldulapin.com/2019/04/10/canal-decodeur/|title=Faire fonctionner un décodeur Canal+ des années 80|last1=D|first1=Pierre|last2=umont|date=2019-04-10|website=Le journal du lapin|language=fr|access-date=2020-03-26}}</ref> However, signal piracy was rampant, after the magazine ''Radio Plans'' printed decoder plans in their December 1984 issue. As a result of this, Canal+ switched to the much stronger [[Nagravision]] encryption system beginning in 1992; the Discret system was fully phased out by 1995. The new decoders now utilized smart cards, cut into the shape of a key and inserted into the front of the decoder. Different decoders using the [[D2-MAC]] standard were also deployed during this time, mostly for cable subscribers. With the launch of CanalSatellite, the [[Mediaguard]] encryption system was instituted, created by [[Nagra France|SECA]] (Société Européenne de Contrôle d'Accès), a firm owned by Canal+ and [[Bertelsmann]]; Canal+ eventually bought out Bertelsmann's stake and rebranded SECA as Canal+ Technologies. This firm was sold by 2003 to [[Technicolor SA|Thomson SA]]. The MediaGuard system's use in Britain (by the now defunct [[ITV Digital|OnDigital/ITV Digital]]) led to hackers in the employ of [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s rival encryption company NDS breaking into the MediaGuard system, resulting in new cards being issued to Canal+ subscribers in 2002 and Canal+ starting legal action against Murdoch. The Nagravision system continued in use until 30 November 2011, when all analog television broadcasting in France ceased.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bfmbusiness.bfmtv.com/diaporama/30-ans-de-decodeurs-canal+-2515.html|title=30 ans de décodeurs Canal+|last=BUSINESS|first=BFM|website=BFM BUSINESS|language=fr|access-date=2020-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Cassy|first1=John|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2002/mar/13/media.citynews|title=How smart card secrets were cracked|date=2002-03-13|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-26|last2=Murphy|first2=Paul|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-17494723|title=Murdoch firm accused of hacking|date=2012-03-27|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-03-26|language=en-GB}}</ref>

From 2000 to 2002, [[Virginie Calmels]] successively held two positions, that of financial director and then CEO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=9512771&privcapId=5398383|title=Virginie Calmels: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2017-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assystem.com/ContentFiles/GalleryCMS/2499/Assystem_VCalmels_VA_2248.pdf|title=Virginie Calmels joins the Assystem Board of Directors|date=2016|website=Assystem.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920043847/http://www.assystem.com/ContentFiles/GalleryCMS/2499/Assystem_VCalmels_VA_2248.pdf|archive-date=20 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

With the launch of the digital satellite provider [[CanalSat]]ellite on 27 April 1996, Canal+ received two new sister channels: Canal+ Jaune and Canal+ Bleu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canalplusgroup.com/pid163.htm#anch_26|title=L'histoire du Groupe Canal+ de 1983 à nos jours|access-date=3 April 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205011344/http://www.canalplusgroup.com/pid163.htm|archive-date=5 February 2012}}</ref> A fourth channel, called Canal+ Vert came along on 31 August 1998. The channels changed their names to Canal+ Confort (now known as Canal+ Décalé since 2005), Canal+ Cinéma and Canal+ Sport on 1 November 2003.

In September 2005, Canal+, Canal+ Cinéma and Canal+ Sport started broadcasting in the French digital terrestrial television network. The free-to-air parts of Canal+ had already been broadcasting for a few months by then. In August 2008, Canal+ started broadcasting the encrypted parts of its main channel in high-definition in the terrestrial network. Canal+ announced plans to turn off the analogue terrestrial signals by 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/?p=16260|title=Canal plans analogue switch-off|date=3 April 2009|website=Broadbandtvnews.com}}</ref>

An account of the rise of Canal+ and CanalSatellite, and the establishment of the Canal+ Group as a major satellite broadcaster in Europe is given in the book, ''[[High Above (book)|High Above]]'', which tells the story of the foundation and development of the leading European satellite operator, [[SES Astra|Astra]].

In February 2013, for €29 million per year, Canal+ bought the TV rights for the [[Formula One|FIA Formula One World Championship]]. The same year, the group bought the rights to the [[Premier League|English Premier League]], the most watched football league in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/sport/football/ligue-1-nets-nearly-1-billion-for-tv-rights|title=Ligue 1 nets nearly $1 billion for TV rights|website=Thenational.ae|date=5 April 2014|access-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

In July 2014, the launch of a new pan-African TV channel - A+ - was announced. Based in [[Abidjan]] ([[Ivory Coast]]), it aims to become the leading television company in French-speaking Africa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2014/07/09/canal-lance-a-pour-le-public-familial-africain_4453892_3234.html|title=Canal+ lance A+ pour le " public familial africain "|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|date=9 July 2014|access-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

In September 2015, [[Vincent Bolloré]] -Chairman of Vivendi- was appointed as chairman of Canal Plus. He changed several former executives and aligned Canal +'s operations with Vivendi's.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2015/biz/global/vincent-bollore-canal-plus-management-vivendi-1201589195/|title=Vincent Bollore Shakes Up Canal Plus Management|last=Keslassy|first=Elsa|date=2015-09-10|work=Variety|access-date=2017-09-20|language=en-US}}</ref>

On 15 November 2017, [[Quebec]] cable system [[Videotron]] began carrying Canal+ International, marking it the first provider to carry the channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lesoleil.com/arts/canal-chez-videotron-a-la-mi-novembre-a52d3adb66a302888ca9445e3677e133|title=Canal+ chez Vidéotron à la mi-novembre|date=30 October 2017|website=Lesoliel.com|access-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> It is also the second attempt at making Canal+ available in Canada since the former paid Canal+ Canada channel on Dailymotion, launched in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/medias/201310/16/01-4700274-canal-au-canada-sur-internet-via-dailymotion.php|title=Canal+ au Canada sur internet via DailyMotion|date=16 October 2013}}</ref>

As of August 2018, Canal+ International is on U.S. satellite provider [[DirecTV]] in HD on channel 2010.

==Programmes==
* '''Original French TV Shows''' : ''[[Les Guignols de l'info]]''; ''Groland''; ''[[H (French TV series)|H]]''; ''[[Jamel Comedy Club]]''; ''[[Spiral (TV series)|Spiral]]'' ''(Engrenages)'' ; ''[[Mafiosa]]''; ''Le Journal du Hard''; ''Pigalle la Nuit''; ''La Commune''; ''Braquo''; ''Reporters''; ''Scalp''; ''[[Le Grand Journal (Canal+)|Le Grand Journal]]''; ''La Matinale''; ''Le petit journal''; ''La Nouvelle Edition''; ''Lundi Investigation''; ''Canal Football Club''; ''Dimanche+''; ''[[Maison Close]]''; ''[[Les Revenants (TV series)|Les Revenants]]''; ''[[The Spy (TV series)|The Spy]]''; ''[[Savages (TV series)|Savages]] (Les Sauvages)''
* '''Original French/British TV Show''' : ''[[Marie Antoinette (TV series)|Marie Antoinette]]''; ''[[Versailles (TV series)|Versailles]]''; ''[[The Tunnel (TV series)|The Tunnel]]''
* '''Original French/German/Italian TV Show''' : ''[[Borgia (2011 TV Series)|Borgia]]''
* '''French TV Shows: ''[[Mad Pigeon]]''
* '''Kids Shows''' : ''[[Rugrats]]'' ''(Les Razmokets)'' ; ''[[Teletubbies]]''; ''[[Kaeloo]]''; ''[[Mia and Me]]'' and ''[[The Cramp Twins]]''.
* '''American TV Shows''' : ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'' ''(24 heures chrono)'' ; ''[[30 Rock]]''; ''[[Big Love]]''; ''[[Cold Case (TV series)|Cold Case]]''; ''[[Damages (TV series)|Damages]]''; ''[[Desperate Housewives]]''; ''[[Dexter (TV series)|Dexter]]''; ''[[Fallen Angels (American TV series)|Fallen Angels]]''; ''[[FlashForward]]''; ''[[How I Met Your Mother]]''; ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]'' ''(Philadelphia)'' ; ''[[Mad Men]]''; ''[[Nurse Jackie]]''; ''[[Pushing Daisies]]''; ''[[Royal Pains]]''; ''[[The Daily Show]]''; ''[[The L Word]]''; ''[[The New Adventures of Old Christine]]'' ''(Old Christine)'' ; ''[[The Office (U.S. TV series)|The Office]]''; ''[[The Pacific (miniseries)|The Pacific]]''; ''[[The Secret Life of the American Teenager]]'' (''La Vie Secrète d'une Ado Ordinaire'') ; ''[[The Shield]]''; ''[[Two and a Half Men]]'' (''Mon Oncle Charlie'') ; ''[[The Vampire Diaries|Vampire Diaries]]''; ''[[Weeds (TV series)|Weeds]]'' and ''[[United States of Tara]]''; also ''[[Boomtown (2002 TV series)|Boomtown]]''; ''[[Rome (TV series)|Rome]]''; ''[[Six Feet Under (TV series)|Six Feet Under]]''; ''[[Spin City]]''; ''[[Surface (TV series)|Surface]]'' and ''[[Will & Grace]]'', [[Game of Thrones]].
* '''American animated TV Shows''' : ''[[American Dad!]]''; ''[[Drawn Together]]''; ''[[Family Guy]]'' ''(Les Griffin)''; ''[[South Park]]'' and ''[[The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV series)|The Tom and Jerry Show]]''.
* '''American reality TV Shows''' : ''[[The Simple Life]]''.
* '''Japanese animated TV Shows''' : ''[[Fullmetal Alchemist]]''; ''[[Monster (manga)|Monster]]''; ''[[Noir (TV series)|Noir]]'' and ''[[Samurai Champloo]]''.
* '''British TV Shows''' : ''[[Skins (TV series)|Skins]]''; ''[[Merlin (TV series)|Merlin]]''; ''[[Wire in the Blood]]''; ''[[The Office (UK TV series)|The Office]]'' and ''[[Spooks (TV series)|Spooks]]'' ''(MI-5)''.
* '''Irish/Canadian TV Shows''' : ''[[The Tudors]]'' ''(Les Tudors)''.
* '''Canadian TV shows''' : ''[[Flashpoint (TV series)|Flashpoint]]''; ''[[Little Mosque on the Prairie]]'', ''[[Life with Derek]]'', ''[[Naturally Sadie]]'', ''[[Total Drama: Revenge of the Island]]''.
{{wikinewspar|Canadian television show to debut in French speaking countries}}
* '''Canadian/French TV Shows''' : ''[[Donkey Kong Country (TV series)|Donkey Kong Country]]'' ''(Donkey Kong)''
* '''French erotic TV series''' : ''[[X Femmes]]'' (2008–2009)
* '''Italian TV Show''' : ''[[The Name of the Rose (miniseries)|The Name of the Rose]]'' (2019)

== Sister channels ==
''Les Chaînes Canal+''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vivendi.com/vivendi/Canal-EN|title=Les Chaînes Canal+ : Programs for all tastes|access-date=25 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207205520/http://www.vivendi.com/vivendi/Canal-EN|archive-date=7 February 2009}}</ref> is the brand name used for all the Canal+-branded channels in France. Prior to 2008 it was called ''Canal+ Le Bouquet''.

{| class="toccolours unsortable" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size: 90%; text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2"|channel
! rowspan="2"|launched
! rowspan="2"|Notes
! colspan="4"| Availability
! rowspan="2"|Format
! rowspan="2"|Broadcast hours
|-
| ''' [[Digital terrestrial television|DTT]]'''
| '''Satellite'''
| '''[[IPTV]]'''
| '''Cable'''
|-
| Canal+
| 4 November 1984
|
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[Aspect ratio (image)#16:9 standard|16:9]] [[standard-definition television|SDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| Canal+ HD
| 2006
| previously known as Canal+ 16/9 then as Canal+ Hi-Tech
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[Aspect ratio (image)#16:9 standard|16:9]] [[high-definition television|HDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| [[Canal+ Cinéma]]
| 27 April 1996
| A dedicated [[movie channel]], previously known as Canal+ Jaune
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[Aspect ratio (image)#16:9 standard|16:9]] [[standard-definition television|SDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| Canal+ Cinéma HD
| 2010
|
| {{No}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| [[Canal+ Sport (France)|Canal+ Sport]]
| 31 August 1998
| A [[sports channel]], previously known as Canal+ Vert
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[Aspect ratio (image)#16:9 standard|16:9]] [[standard-definition television|SDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| Canal+ Sport HD
| 2010
|
| {{No}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| [[Canal+ Family]]
| 2007
| A channel broadcasting familial programmes, series and cartoons
| {{No}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[Aspect ratio (image)#16:9 standard|16:9]] [[standard-definition television|SDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| Canal+ Family HD
| 2010
|
| {{No}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| [[Canal+ Séries]]
| 2013
| A channel broadcasting series
| {{No}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[Aspect ratio (image)#16:9 standard|16:9]] [[standard-definition television|SDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| Canal+ Séries HD
| 2013
|
| {{No}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| [[Canal+ Décalé]]
| 27 April 1996
| Shows repeats of programs shown on Canal+, previously known as Canal+ Bleu
| {{No}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[Aspect ratio (image)#16:9 standard|16:9]] [[standard-definition television|SDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| Canal+ Décalé HD
| 2010
|
| {{No}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| [[C8 (French TV channel)|C8]]
| 2013
| A channel broadcasting entertainment programmes and films, previously known as D8. It is free-to-air.
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| [[CStar]]
| 2016
| A channel broadcasting music videos and reality shows and documentaries, previously known as D17. It is free-to-air.
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| 24 hours
|-
| [[CNews]]
| 2016
| A 24-hour News channel, previously known as i>Télé. It is free-to-air
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| 24 hours
|}

== See also ==
*[[Canal+ Group]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website}} {{in lang|fr}}

{{Vivendi}}
{{French television stations}}
{{European Broadcasting Union Members}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vivendi subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Television stations in France]]
[[Category:French-language television stations]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1984]]
[[Category:European Broadcasting Union members]]
[[Category:Pay television]]
[[Category:Groupe Canal+]]

Vivendi

2021-11-05T01:15:43Z

186.12.80.67:

{{Short description|French media conglomerate}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Vivendi SE
| logo = Vivendi logo.svg
| image = Vivendi headquarters.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Vivendi's headquarters in [[Paris]]
| former_name = {{Unbulleted list|Compagnie Générale des Eaux {{small|(1853–1997)}}|Vivendi SARL {{small|(1997–2001)}}|Vivendi Universal SA {{small|(2001–2006)}}|Vivendi SA {{small|(2006–2021)}}}}
| type = ''[[Societas Europaea]]''
| traded_as = {{Euronext|VIV|FR0000127771}} [[CAC 40]] component
| industry = [[Mass media]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1853|12|14}}
| founder = [[Napoleon III]]<ref name="vivendiabout">{{cite web |url=http://www.vivendi.com/en/vivendi-en/our-history/the-groups-origins/ |title=The group's origins |publisher=Vivendi |access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>
| hq_location_city = Paris
| hq_location_country = France
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|[[Arnaud de Puyfontaine]] (CEO)|Stéphane Roussel (COO)|Hervé Philippe (CFO)| Yannick Bolloré (Chairman)}}
| owner = [[Bolloré]] (27% equity, 30% voting power)
| revenue = {{Increase}} {{Euro|16.02 billion|link=yes}}<ref name="FR-2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.vivendi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/20210303_VIV_CP_Resultats-annuels-2020.pdf |title=Financial Report and Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 |date=3 March 2021 |website=Vivendi |access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2020
| operating_income = {{Increase}} {{Euro|1.815 billion}}<ref name="FR-2020" />
| income_year = 2020
| net_income = {{Decrease}} {{Euro|1.228 billion}}<ref name="FR-2020" />
| net_income_year = 2020
| assets = {{Increase}} {{Euro|38.122 billion}}<ref name="FR-2020" />
| assets_year = 2020
| equity = {{Increase}} {{Euro|16.431 billion}}<ref name="FR-2020" />
| equity_year = 2020
| num_employees = {{Increase}} 44,641<ref name="FR-2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.vivendi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/20200213_VIV_Financial-Report-and-Consolidated-Financial-Statements-FY-2019.pdf20200330_VIV_Vivendi-URD-2019-VA.pdf |title=Financial Report and Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 |date=13 February 2020 |website=Vivendi |access-date=31 March 2020}}</ref>
| num_employees_year = 2019
| subsid = {{Unbulleted list|[[Groupe Canal+]]|Vivendi Village|[[Gameloft]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/vivendi-names-stephane-roussel-ceo-of-gameloft-2016-06-29-154855359 |title=Vivendi names Stephane Roussel CEO of Gameloft |first=Nick |last=Kostov |publisher=[[MarketWatch]] |access-date=2 July 2016}}</ref>|[[Dailymotion]]|[[Editis]]|[[Havas]]|Prisma Media }}
| website = {{URL|https://www.vivendi.com}}
}}

'''Vivendi SE'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vivendi.com/en/footer/terms-of-use|title=Terms of Use|publisher=Vivendi}}</ref> is a French [[media conglomerate]] headquartered in [[Paris]]. Widely known as the owner of [[Gameloft]], [[Groupe Canal+]], [[Havas]], [[Editis]], Vivendi Village and [[Dailymotion]], the company has activities in [[television]], [[film]], [[video game]], [[book publishing]], [[communication]], [[Ticket (admission)|tickets]] and [[video hosting service]]s.

It is majority controlled by [[Bolloré]], which controls 30% of the company. Vivendi's chairman [[Yannick Bolloré]] is also CEO of [[Havas]], which was spun-off from Vivendi in 2000 but has since became a subsidiary.<ref name="FR-2020"/>

== History ==
=== Origins ===
[[File:Vivendi old logo.gif|thumb|right|Original Vivendi logo]]
On 14 December 1853, a water company named '''Compagnie Générale des Eaux''' ('''CGE''') was created by an imperial decree of [[Napoleon III]].<ref name="vivendiabout" /> In 1854, CGE obtained a concession in order to supply water to the public in [[Lyon]], serving in that capacity for over a hundred years. In 1861, it obtained a 50-year concession with the [[Paris|City of Paris]].<ref>[http://www.veolia.com/en/group/history/1853-1900/ History CGE-Vivendi-Veolia Environment 1853-1900] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505230541/http://www.veolia.com/en/group/history/1853-1900/ |date=5 May 2013}}</ref> CGE also supplied water to [[Nantes]], [[Venice]] (from 1880), [[Istanbul|Constantinople]] (from 1882) and [[Porto]] (from 1883).<ref name="vivendiabout" /> For more than a century, Compagnie Générale des Eaux remained largely focused on the water sector.

Following the appointment of [[Guy Dejouany]] as CEO in 1976, CGE extended its activities into other sectors with a series of takeovers.<ref name="vivendiabout" /> Beginning in 1980, CGE began diversifying its operations from water into waste management, energy, transport services, and [[construction]] and property. It acquired the ''Compagnie Générale d'Entreprises Automobiles'' (CGEA), specialized in industrial vehicles, which was later divided into two branches: [[Veolia Transport|Connex]] (later Veolia Transport) in 1999 and [[Veolia Environmental Services|Onyx Environnement]] (later Veolia Environmental Services) in 1989.<ref name="history1950">{{cite web |url=https://www.veolia.com/en/veolia-group/profile/history/1950-2000 |title=The history of Veolia : 1950 - 2000 |publisher=Veolia |access-date=29 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129081710/https://www.veolia.com/en/veolia-group/profile/history/1950-2000 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> CGE then acquired the ''Compagnie Générale de Chauffe'', and later the Montenay group, with these companies later becoming the Energy Services division of CGE, and later renamed "[[Dalkia]]" in 1998.<ref name="history1950" />

In 1983, CGE helped to found [[Canal+]], the first [[Pay television|pay-TV]] channel in France, and in the 1990s, they began expanding into telecommunications and [[mass media]], especially after [[Jean-Marie Messier]] succeeded [[Guy Dejouany]] on 27 June 1996, acquiring companies such as the [[Babelsberg Studio]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} In 1996, CGE created [[Neuf Cegetel]] to take advantage of the 1998 deregulation of the French telecommunications market, accelerating the move into the media sector which would culminate in the 2000 demerger into Vivendi Universal and Vivendi Environnement ([[Veolia]]).<ref>[http://www.veolia.com/en/group/history/1950-2000/ History CGE-Vivendi-Veolia Environment 1950-2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505230552/http://www.veolia.com/en/group/history/1950-2000/ |date=5 May 2013}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=January 2020}}

=== Creation of "Vivendi" ===
[[File:Vivendi Universal Logo.svg|thumb|right|Vivendi Universal logo from 2001 to 2006]]
In 1997, Compagnie Générale des Eaux changed its name to ''Vivendi'', and sold off its property and construction divisions the following year to what would become [[Vinci SA]]. Vivendi went on to acquire stakes in or merge with [[Maroc Telecom]], [[Havas]], [[Cendant Software]], Grupo Anaya, and NetHold, a large Continental European pay-TV operator. Beginning in 1998, Vivendi launched digital channels in Italy, Spain, Poland, Scandinavia, Belgium, and the Netherlands.

In June 1999, Vivendi merged with [[Pathé]], the exchange ratio for the merger fixed at three Vivendi shares for every two Pathé shares. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' estimated the value of the deal at US$2.59 billion. Following the completion of the merger, Vivendi retained Pathé's interests in [[British Sky Broadcasting Group PLC]] and CanalSatellite, a French broadcasting corporation, then sold all remaining assets to Jérôme Seydoux's family-owned holding company, ''Fornier SA'', who changed its name to Pathé.

'''Vivendi Universal SA''' was created on 8 January 2001 with the merger of the Vivendi media empire with [[Canal Plus|Canal+]] television networks and the acquisition of media assets of Canadian company [[Seagram|Seagram Company Ltd]], owner of [[Universal Pictures|Universal Studios]].

Vivendi Universal acquired [[MP3.com]] and a leading American publisher, [[Houghton Mifflin]] in year 2001. To raise the funds, Vivendi Universal sold its trade and medical publishing businesses to a group led by [[Cinven]].<ref>{{Cite news |issn=0362-4331 |last=Cowell |first=Alan |title=Vivendi Sells Trade Show And Journal Businesses |work=The New York Times |access-date=28 April 2018 |date=29 August 2001 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/29/business/vivendi-sells-trade-show-and-journal-businesses.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chinwala |first=Yasmine |title=Cinven closes Vivendi business publishing deal for €1.2bn |access-date=28 April 2018 |url=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/cinven-closes-vivendi-business-publishing-deal-for-20020418}}</ref>

====Vivendi Environnement====
{{main|Veolia}}
[[Veolia|Vivendi Environnement]] was formed in 1999 by Vivendi to consolidate its environmental divisions, which were [[Veolia Transport|CGEA Transport]], [[Veolia Environmental Services|Onyx Environnement]] (now Veolia Environmental Services), [[Dalkia]] and CGE water division. As a result, CGEA Transport was renamed Connex (later Veolia Transport), and CGE's water division was renamed Vivendi Water (now [[Veolia Water]]).<ref name="history1950" /> In July 2000, Vivendi Environnement was divested through [[Initial public offering|IPOs]] in Paris and later New York in October 2001. Initially, Vivendi Universal retained a 70% stake in Vivendi Environnement in 2000, but by December 2002, it was reduced to 20.4%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.veolia.com/en/veolia-group/profile/history/2000-2010 |title=The history of Veolia : 2000 - 2010 |publisher=Veolia |access-date=29 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129080552/https://www.veolia.com/en/veolia-group/profile/history/2000-2010 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2003, Vivendi Environnement was renamed to Veolia Environnement.

=== Corporate loss ===
Vivendi Universal disclosed a corporate loss of €23.3 billion in its 2002 annual report. It responded with financial reshuffling, trying to shore up media holdings while selling off shares in its [[Corporate spin-off|spin-off]] companies. Amid intense media scrutiny, its chairman and CEO, [[Jean-Marie Messier]] (who had overseen the most dramatic phase of the company's diversification), was subsequently replaced by Jean-René Fourtou. Messier was found guilty of embezzlement in 2011, but not before he was paid over US$20 million as part of his severance package. The company reduced its stake in [[Vivendi Environnement]] to 40% and sold its stake in [[Vinci SA]]. The company then began reorganizing to stave off [[bankruptcy]], announcing a strategy to sell non-strategic assets. Its largest single shareholder was the family of [[Edgar Bronfman Jr.]], who was head of Seagram at the time of the merger. Vivendi sold its stake in [[Vizzavi]] to [[Vodafone]], with the exception of Vizzavi France. It also sold 20.4% of Vivendi Environnement's capital to a group of investors, and its stake in North American satellite operator [[EchoStar Communications Corporation]]. It also sold its European book publishing to [[Lagardère Group|Lagardère]].<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0099-9660| pages = –4| last1 = Carreyrou| first1 = John| last2 = Frank| first2 = Robert| title = Vivendi Universal Reaches Pact To Sell Part of Publishing Unit --- France's Lagardere Is Set To Buy Non-U.S. Portion; Criticism of Deal Is Likely| work = Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.| location = New York, N.Y., United States, New York, N.Y.| date = 2002-10-23| id = {{ProQuest|398881177}}}}</ref> It also sold Houghton Mifflin to Thomas H Lee, [[Blackstone Group|Blackstone]] and [[Bain Capital|Bain]] consortium for US$1.66 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sa2.info/ARCHIVE/2002/10octB.html |title=Society of Academic Authors: Late October 2002 News |access-date=12 July 2015 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030714160845/http://sa2.info/ARCHIVE/2002/10octB.html |archive-date=14 July 2003}}</ref> Also, in 2002, Vivendi Universal sold the Belgian and Dutch activities of its subsidiary Scoot Europe to Kapitol, the parent company of online directory [[Infobel]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kapitol acquires Scoot's Belgian and Dutch units |date=5 December 2002 |publisher=Europemedia}}</ref>

In 2003, Vivendi Universal sold Canal+ Technologies to [[Thomson SA]]; Tele+ to [[News Corporation (1980–2013)|News Corporation]] and [[Telecom Italia]]. It also sold its 26.3% interest in [[Xfera]]. Also in 2003, it sold its consumer magazines to [[Socpresse]] and its free newspapers to [[Philippe Hersant (newspaper publisher)|France Antilles]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivendi Completes Sale of Press Unit |work=Midland Daily News |access-date=28 April 2018 |date=4 February 2003 |url=https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/Vivendi-Completes-Sale-of-Press-Unit-7086328.php}}</ref> On 1 December, Vivendi Universal closed a deal to sell [[MP3.com]] to [[CNET]]. Despite predictions that it would be unable to raise the cash needed, Vivendi Universal bought out one of the two minority shareholders in Cegetel, taking its holding to 60 percent, with Vodafone holding the remaining 40 percent. Management viewed the mobile communications firm as a core asset once the bulk of media assets had been sold off.

=== Further acquisitions, mergers and divestments ===
In 2004, 80% of the Vivendi Universal subsidiary was sold to [[General Electric|GE]], to form [[NBCUniversal|NBC Universal]], with Vivendi retaining a 20 percent stake. At the same time, it sold a 50% stake in [[Canal+]] and [[StudioCanal]] to the new company. Vivendi also sold its interests in Kencell (re-branded Celtel, Kenya), [[Monaco Telecom]] and [[Sportfive]] (which it held through Canal+ Group), and sold [[Newsworld International]] to the business partnership of [[Joel Hyatt]] and former [[Vice-President of the United States]] [[Al Gore]]. Vivendi also sold [[Babelsberg Studio]].

On 16 December 2005, it was announced that Canal Plus would merge with [[Télévision Par Satellite|TPS]], France's second largest Pay-TV provider. Vivendi owned 85% of the combined entity.{{update_inline |date=July 2013}}

On 17 January 2006, Vivendi Universal announced it would end its [[American Depositary Receipt]] program and its listing on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] by the end of the second quarter of 2006, due to lowered trading volume on its shares and high costs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vivendi.com/corp/en/press_2006/20060803_Vivendi_Voluntarily_Delists_from_NYSE_and_Terminates_ADR_Program.php |title=Vivendi Voluntarily Delists from NYSE and Terminates ADR Program |publisher=Vivendi.com |access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref>

On 20 April 2006, Vivendi in its current form came into existence, following the sale of an 80% stake in the Vivendi Universal unit to [[General Electric]] to form [[NBC Universal]] (merging GE's NBC unit and Vivendi's Vivendi Universal unit) and the gradual recovery of the company from its disastrous over-expansion in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. The company announced that shareholders had approved the name change to "Vivendi".

In August 2006, Vivendi signed a deal with [[Spiralfrog]] to distribute Vivendi's songs online in the United States and Canada. On 8 September, the company announced that [[Sierra Entertainment]] would be publishing the new game for [[Double Fine Productions]], later revealed to be ''[[Brütal Legend]]''.

On 2 December 2007, Vivendi announced that it would be merging its game publishing unit with [[Activision]] in a [[US dollar|$]]18.8 billion deal.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7123582.stm Video game giants in $18bn merger] - BBC</ref><ref name="Merger Reuters">[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-activision-vivendi-idUSN0236714920071202 Guitar Hero meets Warcraft in Vivendi-Activision deal] - Reuters</ref> This will allow the merged company, [[Activision Blizzard]], to rival [[Electronic Arts]], the world's biggest video games publisher.<ref name="Merger Reuters" /> The merger closed on 9 July 2008, for $9.8 billion. Vivendi held a 52% majority stake in the new business.

On 8 September 2009, Vivendi announced negotiations to buy the Brazilian phone operator [[Global Village Telecom]] (GVT).<ref>{{cite news |last=Livesey |first=Ben |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=aNNP9dPMePVk |title=Vivendi to Make Offer to buy GVT (Holding) at BRL42 a share |publisher=Bloomberg.com |date=8 September 2009 |access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref> Vivendi took control of GVT at a cost of 56 reais per share, on 13 November, trumping [[Telefónica]]'s bid.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jN3E6Qz1wZ_CoDKOpigKq-glplvw |title=AFP: France's Vivendi takes control of Brazil's GVT |date=13 November 2009 |access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref>

On 3 December 2009, GE announced it would purchase Vivendi's stake in NBC Universal, which would become a joint venture between GE and [[Comcast]].<ref>{{cite news |author=David Goldman and Julianne Pepitone, CNNMoney.com staff writers |url=https://money.cnn.com/2009/12/03/news/companies/comcast_nbc/index.htm |title="GE, Comcast announce NBC Universal joint venture deal" David Goldman and Julianne Pepitone, CNNMoney.com (December 3, 2009) |publisher=Money.cnn.com |date=3 December 2009 |access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref> Vivendi sold its stake in NBC Universal on 25 January 2011.

On 4 April 2011, Vodafone sold its 44% stake in mobile service provider SFR to Vivendi for about $11 billion<ref>{{cite web |url=http://frenchtribune.com/teneur/114278-vivendi-sa-chief-executive-officer-gains-ownership-biggest-cash-cow |title=Vivendi SA Chief Executive Officer Gains Ownership of the Biggest Cash Cow - French Tribune |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref> and giving Vivendi full control of its largest unit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-04-03/vivendi-to-purchase-vodafone-stake-in-sfr-for-7-95-billion-euros.html |title=Vivendi to Purchase Vodafone Stake in SFR for 7.95 Billion Euros |access-date=12 July 2015 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407153808/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-04-03/vivendi-to-purchase-vodafone-stake-in-sfr-for-7-95-billion-euros.html |archive-date=7 April 2011}}</ref>

In 2012, Vivendi announced having entered a strategic review of its assets and decided to refocus its activities on media and content activities while maximizing its telecoms assets.

On 25 July 2013, Vivendi asset [[Activision Blizzard]] announced the purchase of 429 million shares from Vivendi for $5.83 billion, dropping the shareholder from a 63% stake to 11.8% by the end of the deal in September, ending Vivendi's majority ownership of Activision Blizzard.

In November 2013, Vivendi also sold its 53% stake in [[Maroc Telecom]] to [[Dubai]]-based [[Etisalat]] for around $4.2 billion.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vivendi-maroctelecom-idUSBRE96L0PZ20130722 |title=Vivendi to announce Maroc Telecom sale to Etisalat - sources |author=Sophie Sassard |publisher=Reuters |date=22 July 2013}}</ref>

Vivendi also confirmed in November 2013 its intention to launch a demerger plan which would result in Vivendi becoming an international media group consisting primarily of Canal+, Universal Music Group and GVT, while SFR would be listed separately on the stock market. As a result of the foregoing, Vivendi group results for the first semester 2014 are in a strong growth, witnessing the success of its repositioning strategy. Net income was up 84,8% to €1.9 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/2014/08/28/97002-20140828FILWWW00225-vivendi-resultats-en-tres-forte-hausse.php |title=Vivendi: résultats en très forte hausse |website=Le Figaro |date=28 August 2014 |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref> In August 2014 Vivendi sells GVT to [[Telefônica Vivo]], a subsidiary of [[Telefónica]] in Brazil.

The moves have allowed Vivendi to rapidly pay down debt and increase cash returns to shareholders while leaving it with ammunition to do acquisitions of its own. Indeed, once the SFR deal closes, Vivendi will have a cash pile of around €5 billion, leaving it with some room to maneuver even after it pays down debt and returns nearly €5 billion in dividends and share buybacks to shareholders.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/vivendi-boss-vows-to-complete-media-makeover-1403608085 |title=Vivendi Boss Vows to Complete Media Makeover |author=Ruth Bender And Marion Halftermeyer |date=24 June 2014 |website=WSJ |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref>

Vivendi's priority is now content. The French group is expected to expand its assets in the content industries in the coming year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.completemusicupdate.com/article/new-vivendi-chair-confirms-content-acquisition-strategy/#sthash.jENxFXGo.dpuf |title=New Vivendi chair confirms content acquisition strategy |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref>

In 2014, Vivendi decided to sell mobile companies [[SFR]] (France) to [[Patrick Drahi]]'s company, [[Altice (company)|Altice]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-numericable-vivendi-idUKBREA340CY20140405 |title=Numericable wins battle for Vivendi's SFR |website=Reuters UK |access-date=12 July 2015 |date=5 April 2014}}</ref> and [[Global Village Telecom|GVT]] (Brazil) to the Brazilian company [[Telefônica Vivo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/medias/0203793547689-vivendi-cede-gvt-mais-ne-sort-pas-des-telecoms-1044957.php |title=Vivendi cède GVT mais ne sort pas des télécoms |date=21 September 2014 |website=lesechos.fr |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref>

On 28 May 2014, Vivendi sold half of its remaining shares (nearly 41.5 million shares) in Activision Blizzard for $850 million, reducing its stake to 6%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/trina-solar-jumps-23-on-better-than-expected-earnings-2014-05-21?siteid=yhoof2 |title=Vivendi to sell half of remaining Activision stake |author=MarketWatch |website=MarketWatch |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref>

In April 2015, it was announced that a shareholder in the company [[Bolloré]] raised its stake from 10.2 percent to 12.01 percent for a total fee of €568 million.<ref>{{cite press release |publisher=Reuters |date=2 April 2015 |title=Bollore raises Vivendi stake again as AGM battle looms |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bollore-vivendi-idUSKBN0MT0OO20150402}}</ref>

In 2015, Vivendi bought 80% share in [[Dailymotion]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/30/vivendi-buys-80-of-frances-dailymotion-valuing-the-youtube-rival-at-295m/ |title=Vivendi Buys 80% Of France's Dailymotion, Valuing The YouTube Rival At $295M |author=Ingrid Lunden |publisher=AOL |website=TechCrunch |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref> According to the Wall Street Journal, the "French media group offered around $273 million for streaming service".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/vivendi-confirms-interest-in-buying-dailymotion-1428388890 |title=Vivendi Confirms Interest in Buying DailyMotion |author=Inti Landauro |date=7 April 2015 |website=WSJ |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref> Vivendi was in talks with Orange, to Buy 80% stake in Dailymotion. Also, Vivendi announced extra payouts in compromise with P. Schoenfeld Asset Management shareholder.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-08/vivendi-plans-extra-payout-in-compromise-with-activist-investor |title=Vivendi Plans Extra Payout in Compromise With Shareholder |author=Rudy Ruitenberg |date=8 April 2015 |website=Bloomberg.com |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref>

It was revealed in October 2015 that Vivendi would increase its stake in [[Telecom Italia]] to around 19% of the ordinary share capital as part of its aims to increase its influence in the group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Exclusive: Vivendi moves to raise Telecom Italia stake to around 19 percent - sources |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-telecomitalia-vivendi-exclusive-idUSKCN0RV5Q020151001 |website=Reuters |date=1 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-09/vivendi-ceo-tops-company-s-list-to-lead-telecom-italia-board |title=Vivendi CEO Tops Company's List to Lead Telecom Italia Board |date=9 April 2017 |work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> As of May 2017, Vivendi owns 24.6% of the company with Vivendi's CEO Arnaud de Puyfontaine becoming Executive Chairman of Telecom Italia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-telecomitalia-vivendi-chairman/telecom-italia-names-vivendi-ceo-de-puyfontaine-as-chairman-source-idUSKBN18S5LC|title=Telecom Italia appoints Vivendi's CEO as chairman|date=1 June 2017|via=Reuters}}</ref>

In October 2015, Vivendi bought minority stakes in the French video game studios [[Gameloft]] and [[Ubisoft]].<ref>{{cite web |website=GameSpot |title=Former Activision Owner Vivendi Buys Stakes in Ubisoft and Gameloft |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/former-activision-owner-vivendi-buys-stakes-in-ubi/1100-6431427 |date=15 October 2015}}</ref> On 17 December 2015, Vivendi acquired a 64.4% majority stake in Belgian online radio aggregator [[Radionomy]] (including its media player platform [[Winamp]] and internet radio streaming software [[Shoutcast]]). Its shareholders, including its employees and U.S.-based investment firm [[Union Square Ventures]], however, retained their stakes in the company.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vivendi Buys Majority Stake In Winamp, Shoutcast Owner Radionomy |url=https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/vivendi-buys-majority-stake-in-winamp-shoutcast-owner-radionomy-1201664170/ |website=Variety |date=17 December 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015}}</ref>

In June 2016, after having triggered a mandatory [[tender offer]] in February 2016 by reaching 30% ownership, and then becoming its largest shareholder, Vivendi completed a [[hostile takeover]] of Gameloft with the acquisition of its founders' stake. At the same time, Vivendi also further increased its stake in Ubisoft, which had led to concern from the company's management that Vivendi was also planning a hostile takeover of Ubisoft, however as of 2018 Vivendi is no longer in the position to do so.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vivendi to Buy Remaining Control of Gameloft as Guillemots Agree to Sell |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/vivendi-to-buy-remaining-control-of-gameloft-as-gu/1100-6440596/ |website=GameSpot |access-date=22 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vivendi in process of mandatory takeover bid for Gameloft |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-02-19-vivendi-in-process-of-mandatory-takeover-bid-for-gameloft |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=22 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vivendi Wins Majority Backing for Gameloft Takeover as Content Strategy Becomes Clearer |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/vivendi-wins-majority-backing-gameloft-898618 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=22 June 2016}}</ref>

Vivendi (once the owner of [[Blizzard Entertainment|Blizzard]], later Activision Blizzard),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-15/vivendi-sells-activision-blizzard-shares-netting-1-1-billion |title=Vivendi Sells Its Activision Stake, Netting $1.1 Billion |last=Serafino |first=Phil |website=Bloomberg.com |access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref> searching for a new games publisher property has started investing in both [[Ubisoft]] and [[Gameloft]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-14/vivendi-buys-stakes-in-french-gamemakers-ubisoft-and-gameloft |title=Ubisoft, Gameloft Shares Surge After Vivendi Acquires Stakes |last=Mawad |first=Marie |website=Bloomberg.com |access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref> The brothers in charge of Ubisoft and Gameloft, Yves Guillemot and Michel Guillemot<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gameloft.com/corporate/?lang=en&ref=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F |title=Gameloft {{!}} Corporate |website=www.gameloft.com |access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref> respectively, view the investments as a hostile takeover attempt,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://seekingalpha.com/article/4073294-vivendi-one-step-closer-acquire-ubisoft |title=VIvendi acquires Ubisoft |website=seekingalpha.com|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170609200630/https://seekingalpha.com/article/4073294-vivendi-one-step-closer-acquire-ubisoft|archive-date=9 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-19/gameloft-shares-jump-after-vivendi-makes-hostile-takeover-offer |title=Gameloft Shares Surge on Vivendi's Hostile Takeover Offer |last=Mawad |first=Marie |website=Bloomberg.com |access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref> and are raising capital from within the family<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/r-guillemot-family-ups-stake-in-gameloft-to-fend-off-takeover-2016-2 |title=Guillemot family ups stake in Gameloft to fend off 'takeover' |website=Business Insider |access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref> and from Canadian investors<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2016/02/26/ubisoft-hunts-for-canadian-investors-to-fight-off-vivendi/ |title=Ubisoft Hunts For Canadian Investors To Fight Off Vivendi |website=Fortune |access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref> to maintain control of the companies. As of 8 June 2016, Vivendi has acquired a controlling stake in Gameloft. In news from 11 September 2016 Yves Guillemot is set to buy an additional 3.5% of Ubisoft shares to raise his stake to 12.5% to attempt to block a takeover from Vivendi. Yves has been attempting to lobby other shareholders to prevent them selling their shares to Vivendi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.overclock3d.net/news/gpu_displays/ubisoft_s_founder_buys_another_3_5_of_the_company/2 |title=OC3D :: News :: Ubisoft's founder buys another 3.5% of the company :: The Guillemont family is attempting to prevent a takeover attempt from Vivendi |website=www.overclock3d.net|access-date=11 September 2016}}</ref> As of 20 March 2018, Vivendi has sold all its shares in Ubisoft and [[Tencent]] has bought in in their place.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/vivendi-sells-off-ubisoft-holdings-tencent-buys-in/ |title=Vivendi sells off Ubisoft holdings, Tencent buys in |work=pcgamer|access-date=20 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

In an auction on 6 June, Vivendi won a bid to acquire Flavorus from [[SFX Entertainment]] for $4 million.<ref name="See Tickets">{{cite web |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/vivendi-unit-wins-auction-for-sfxs-flavorus-2016-06-06 |title=Vivendi unit wins auction for SFX's Flavorus |first=Stephanie |last=Gleason |publisher=[[MarketWatch]] |access-date=2 July 2016}}</ref> Also that month, it acquired Paddington and Company Limited-owner of [[Paddington Bear]] and other properties, and The Copyrights Group.

Vivendi declared that it owned 12.3% of [[Mediaset]] in December 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/132e73ee-c13f-11e6-9bca-2b93a6856354 |title=Bolloré and Berlusconi play cat and mouse over Mediaset |work=ft.com |access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref> In September 2020, Vivendi owns 28.8% of Mediaset.<ref>https://www.capital.fr/entreprises-marches/vivendi-vincent-bollore-gagne-son-bras-de-fer-avec-mediaset-1379490</ref> In January 2019, Vivendi completed its €900 million acquisition of [[Editis]], one of France's major book publishers.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190131005562/en/Vivendi-Completes-Acquisition-Editis-French-Language-Publishing-Powerhouse |title = Vivendi Completes the Acquisition of Editis, a French-Language Publishing Powerhouse|date = 31 January 2019}}</ref>

In 2019, Vivendi acquired Nigeria's film studio ROK Studios which included it's linear channels and VOD service, IROKO+.<ref>http://www.3pointplus.com.ng/gist/rok-studios</ref>

At the end of the first quarter of 2020, Vivendi completed a partial sale of [[Universal Music Group]] (UMG) to a consortium led by [[Tencent]], a Chinese media conglomerate. The amount of stake of the world's largest [[record label]] group that has been sold to the consortium is 10% and the valuation of which was $3.3 billion. The Tencent-led consortium retained an option to purchase another 10% at the same valuation until January 2021, which they opted to exercise in December 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-12-18|title=Tencent Group Buys Further 10% of Vivendi's Universal Music|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-18/tencent-group-buys-further-10-of-vivendi-s-universal-music|access-date=2021-01-01}}</ref> Vivendi is also said to be eyeing an [[Initial public offering|IPO]] of the music group by 2023 at the latest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vivendi Closes $3.3B Sale Of Universal Music Group Stake To China's Tencent|url=https://deadline.com/2020/03/vivendi-closes-tencent-universal-music-sale-1202896380/|last=Kanter|first=Jake|date=2020-03-31|website=Deadline|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref>

In April 2020, Vivendi bought a 10.6% stake in [[Lagardère Group]], another French media group. The investment was made at the time when Lagardère, the assets of which include the world's third-largest book publisher [[Hachette (publisher)|Hachette]], is faced with attacks from a group of fierce and well-funded activist investors, and a year after Vivendi completed its takeover of Editis, the smaller domestic book publisher.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vivendi buys stake in Lagardère ahead of activist showdown|url=https://www.ft.com/content/c6a9b19b-fbc6-472c-b4eb-58ceb5f54022|website=Financial Times|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> By August, Vivendi has doubled its stake in Lagardère to 23.5%, becoming the largest shareholder of the rival group.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kar-Gupta|first=Mathieu Rosemain, Sudip|date=2020-08-11|title=Bollore opens rift with France's richest man over Lagardere|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-lagardere-vivendi-idUKKCN2570M0|access-date=2020-09-15}}</ref>

In October 2020, Vivendi acquired a 12% stake in South Africa's media company, [[MultiChoice]].<ref>https://ayo.news/2020/11/24/multichoice-betking/</ref>

In December 2020, Vivendi announced a deal to buy the French media conglomerate [[Prisma Media]] from [[Bertelsmann]].<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2020/12/23/vivendi-annonce-avoir-signe-une-promesse-d-achat-pour-acquerir-100-de-prisma-media_6064367_3234.html</ref> In January 2021, Vivendi bought a 9,9% stake in the Spanish media conglomerate [[Prisa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.challenges.fr/media/medias-apres-prisma-vivendi-lorgne-l-espagnol-prisa_747272|title=Médias: Après Prisma, Vivendi entre au capital de l'espagnol Prisa}}</ref><ref>https://www.vivendi.com/en/press-release/vivendi-raises-its-stake-in-prisa-to-9-9/</ref>

In September 2021, Vivendi distributed 60% of its UMG shares to shareholders and retaining 10% shares in an IPO at [[Euronext Amsterdam]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-21|title=Universal hits massive valuation of $54bn as it lists on Amsterdam Stock Exchange|url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/universal-hits-massive-valuation-of-54bn-as-it-lists-on-amsterdam-stock-exchange/|access-date=2021-09-22|website=Music Business Worldwide|language=en-US}}</ref>

In September 2021, Amber Capital has informed Vivendi of its intention to sell all its shares in Lagardère (17.93 of the share capital) and has invited Vivendi to make an acquisition offer. Vivendi has acquired Amber Capital's shares for 24.1 euros per share. The transaction will be completed by December 15, 2022, after gaining the approvals required by the current regulations in light of the takeover that could result from the mandatory public offer following this acquisition.<ref>https://www.vivendi.com/en/press-release/amber-capital-proposes-that-vivendi-acquire-its-stake-in-lagardere-which-vivendi-has-accepted/</ref>

== Corporate governance ==
As of 31 December 2019, Vivendi ownership is as follows:<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.vivendi.com/actionnaires-investisseurs/l-action-vivendi/ |title = Structure actionnariale - Vivendi}}</ref>
* [[Bolloré]] (27.06%)
* [[Société Générale]] (5.29%)
* [[Caisse des dépôts et consignations]] (3.23%)
* Vivendi Employees (2.95%)
* DNCA Finance (0,31%)
* Self Control (1,18%)
* Other Shareholders (59.99%)

===Supervisory board===
As of 16 May 2020, the board is comprised as follows:<ref>https://www.vivendi.com/en/vivendi-en/governance/supervisory-board/ Vivendi Board</ref>
* [[Yannick Bolloré]] (chairman), CEO of [[Havas]]
* Philippe Bénacin, chairman and CEO of [[Interparfums]]
* Cyrille Bolloré, former chairman and CEO of [[Bolloré]]
* Paulo Cardoso, treasurer of [[Canal+]]
* [[Laurent Dassault]], co-managing director of [[Dassault Group]]
* [[Dominique Delport]], former executive at [[M6 (TV channel)|M6]], [[Canal+]], and [[Havas]]
* Véronique Driot-Argentin, Vivendi HR executive
* Aliza Jabès, chairwoman of NUXE
* Cathia Lawson-Hall, executive at [[Société Générale]]
* Sandrine Le Bihan, Vivendi legal executive
* Michèle Reiser, filmmaker and culture commissioner
* Katie Stanton, general partner of [[Moxxie Ventures]]
* Athina Vasilogiannaki, legal and business affairs director of [[Minos EMI]]

== Business units ==
{{Main list|List of assets owned by Vivendi}}
Vivendi is a company primarily focused on digital entertainment. It owns the French TV channel and movie producer [[Canal+ Group]], book publisher [[Editis]], communication company [[Havas Group]], video games company [[Gameloft]], and video hosting service [[Dailymotion]].

Vivendi's president [[Vincent Bolloré]], appointed in June 2014, aims at developing synergies between the company's subsidiaries now refocused on media: Canal+ Group, Vivendi Village, Dailymotion and Gameloft.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.latribune.fr/technos-medias/20140624trib000836742/la-strategie-de-bollore-creer-des-synergies-au-sein-du-nouveau-vivendi.html |title=La stratégie de Bolloré : créer des synergies au sein du nouveau Vivendi |website=La Tribune |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref>

=== Canal+ Group ===
[[Canal+ Group]] is the leading pay television group in France. It is also an international movie and television series producer and distributor with [[StudioCanal]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vivendi-lagardere-idUSBRE91C0FN20130213 |title=Vivendi, Lagardere in legal spat over Canal+ |website=Reuters |access-date=12 July 2015 |first=James |last=Regan |date=13 February 2013}}</ref> In November 2013, Vivendi became the exclusive owner of France's biggest pay-TV company.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-28/lagardere-in-talks-with-vivendi-to-resolve-canal-france-dispute.html |title=Vivendi Buys Out TV Division From Lagardere for $1.4 Billion |author=Marie Mawad |date=29 October 2013 |website=Bloomberg.com |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref>

=== Havas Group ===
[[Havas Group]] is one of the largest global advertising and communications groups in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adbrands.net/agencies-index.htm|title=Top Advertising Agencies worldwide on Adbrands.net|website=www.adbrands.net}}</ref> Since October 2017, Vivendi owns 94.75% of Havas's Share Capital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/vivendi-holds-94-75-of-havas-s-share-capital-1003064853|title=Vivendi Holds 94.75% of Havas's Share Capital - Markets Insider|first=finanzen.net|last=GmbH}}</ref>

=== Gameloft ===
In July 2016, Vivendi completed its takeover of [[Gameloft]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/vivendi-succeeds-in-gameloft-takeover-1465303696|title=Vivendi Buys Founders Out of Mobile-Gaming Company|first=Nick|last=Kostov|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=7 June 2016|via=www.wsj.com}}</ref> the world's largest mobile-games publisher in terms of downloads. Gameloft reported that their games had amassed over 1 billion downloads in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gameloft.com/corporate/press-room/press-details/?id=4213|title=Gameloft - Corporate|website=www.gameloft.com}}</ref>

=== Editis ===
Vivendi owns the French publisher [[Editis]], which it acquired in January 2019 for €900 million.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/universal-parent-vivendi-buys-book-publishing-company-editis-in-1bn-plus-deal |title = Universal parent Vivendi buys book publishing company Editis in $1bn deal|date = 31 January 2019}}</ref> Editis is one of France's largest publishers.

=== Vivendi Village ===
Vivendi Village comprises a group of small companies active in digital and in live entertainment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6812976/lucien-boyer-chief-marketing-officer-vivendi-village |title=Lucien Boyer Appointed Chief Marketing Officer at Vivendi Village |date=17 December 2015 |access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>

Vivendi Ticketing comprises the ticketing businesses [[See Tickets]] in the UK and the US, as well as Digitick Group in France. Both businesses specialize in the retail and distribution of tickets for live entertainment, sport and cultural events, in addition to providing operating platforms for venues to run their own ticketing services. Vivendi Ticketing processes annually over 40 million tickets. The business also operates as an internal service provider to other Vivendi businesses notably Universal Music Group where tickets are sold for and on behalf of the group's artists.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}

MyBestPro provides experts counseling in different fields (Wengo, RDVmedicaux, Juritravail, Bordas, Devispresto).

Watchever is a subscription video-on-demand service available in Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vivendi.com/press/news/watchever-subscription-video-on-demand-in-germany/ |title=WATCHEVER: Subscription Video-on-Demand in Germany {{!}} Vivendi|website=www.vivendi.com|language=en-US|access-date=20 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2015/09/30/vivendi-relaunches-german-svod-service-watchever/ |title=Vivendi relaunches German SVOD service Watchever |last=Dziadul |first=Chris |date=30 September 2015 |website=Broadband TV News|access-date=20 June 2017}}</ref>

Vivendi Village also owns the Paris-based concert venue L'Olympia.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2017/07/03/1037340/0/en/BOLLORE-Vivendi-acquires-the-Bollore-Group-s-majority-stake-in-Havas.html |title=BOLLORE : Vivendi acquires the Bollore Group's majority stake in Havas |last=Bollore |work=GlobeNewswire News Room|access-date=15 December 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2015, Vivendi announced that it will open ten live-performance venues in central and west Africa. These venues will be named CanalOlympia, they will serve as concert halls, theaters and screening rooms.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vivendi.com/press/press-releases/vivendi-to-open-canalolympia-venues-in-africa/ |title=Vivendi to open CanalOlympia venues in Africa {{!}} Vivendi|website=www.vivendi.com|language=en-US|access-date=20 June 2017}}</ref>

=== Prisma Media ===
In 2021, Vivendi purchased Prisma Media from [[Gruner + Jahr]] for an estimated 100 to 150 millions euros.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://atlantico.fr/article/atlantico-light/vivendi-va-pouvoir-racheter-prisma-media-et-ses-magazines-voici-tele-loisirs-gala-ou-femme-actuelle|title=Vivendi va pouvoir racheter Prisma Media et ses magazines Voici, Télé-Loisirs, Gala ou Femme Actuelle}}</ref>

Prisma Media is number one magazine publishing group in France.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210531005127/en/Vivendi-Completes-the-Acquisition-of-Prisma-Media-France%E2%80%99s-First-Magazine-Publishing-Group|title = Vivendi Completes the Acquisition of Prisma Media, France's First Magazine Publishing Group|date = 31 May 2021}}</ref>

=== Dailymotion ===
In 2015, Vivendi purchased an 80% stake in [[Dailymotion]] from its previous owner, [[Orange S.A.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/30/vivendi-buys-80-of-frances-dailymotion-valuing-the-youtube-rival-at-295m/ |title=Vivendi Buys 80% Of France's Dailymotion, Valuing The YouTube Rival At $295M |first=Ingrid |last=Lunden |access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>

Vivendi announced that it increased this stake to 90% in September 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rttnews.com/2547600/vivendi-reportedly-raises-stake-in-dailymotion-to-90.aspx |title=Vivendi Reportedly Raises Stake In Dailymotion To 90% |access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>

===Equity Investments===
{{bulleted list|[[Gruppo TIM|TIM]] (23.94%)|[[Banijay]] (32.9%)|[[Lagardère Group|Lagardère]] (23.5%)|[[Mediaset]] (28.8%)|[[Universal Music Group]] (10.1%)}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Companies}}
* [[List of French companies]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://www.vivendi.com}}

{{Vivendi}}
{{CAC 40 companies}}
{{Euro Stoxx 50 Companies}}
{{CAC 40 companies}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vivendi| ]]
[[Category:CAC 40]]
[[Category:Companies based in Paris]]
[[Category:French companies established in 1853]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies in the Euro Stoxx 50]]
[[Category:Companies listed on Euronext Paris]]
[[Category:Conglomerate companies of France]]
[[Category:French brands]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of France]]
[[Category:Mass media in Paris]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in France]]
[[Category:French companies established in 1998]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1853]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1998]]
[[Category:Societates Europaeae]]