Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Anthony Olubunmi Okogie

2013-02-18T02:16:49Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Anthony Olubunmi Okogie
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[cardinalate|Cardinal]]-[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lagos|Archbishop Emeritus of Lagos]]
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| church =
| archdiocese = Lagos
| province = Lagos
| metropolis = Lagos
| diocese =
| see = Lagos
| elected =
| appointed = 13 April 1973
| term =
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end = 25 May 2012
| predecessor = [[John Kwao Amuzu Aggey]]
| opposed =
| successor = [[Alfred Adewale Martins]]
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo a Mostacciano

| ordination = 11 December 1966
| ordinated_by = [[John Kwao Amuzu Aggey]]
| consecration = 29 August 1971
| consecrated_by = [[Owen McCoy]]
| cardinal = 21 October 2003
| rank = Cardinal-Priest

| birth_name = Anthony Olubunmi Okogie
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1936|06|16|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = Nigerian
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Oyo|Auxiliary Bishop of Oyo]] (1971 - 1972)|Titular Bishop of Mascula (1971 - 1973)|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lagos|Auxiliary Bishop of Lagos]] (1972 - 1973)}}
| alma_mater =
| motto =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Anthony Olubunmi Okogie.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
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| saint_title =
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| other =
}}
{{infobox cardinalstyles|
cardinal name=Anthony Olubumni Okogie|
dipstyle=His Eminence|
offstyle=Your Eminence|
See=Lagos|
image=Coat of arms of Anthony Olubunmi Okogie.svg|
image_size=200px|}}
'''Anthony Olubunmi Okogie''' (born 16 June 1936) is a [[Nigeria]]n [[Cardinal Priest]] and formerly [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lagos|Archbishop of Lagos]] in the [[Roman Catholic Church]].

Born in Lagos, [[Nigeria]], Okogie was born to a royal family of Uromi in [[Edo State]]. His father was [[Esan]] and his mother was [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]]. Okogie was ordained as a priest on 11 December 1966. He holds a licentiate in sacred theology, and had planned to study in Rome, but was called to Nigeria where he was a pastoral assistant at the Holy Cross Cathedral. He was drafted into the Nigerian army, and served there as a [[chaplain]]. After another period of service at Holy Cross Cathedral, he was an instructor at [[King's College, Lagos|King's College]].

In 1971, he was ordained titular Bishop of Mascula and Auxiliary of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Oyo|Oyo]], and in 1973 named Archbishop. As Archbishop, Okogie was the President of the [[Christian Association of Nigeria]], and, from 1994 to 2000, headed the Bishops’ Conference of Nigeria.

Cardinal Okogie volunteered to die in place of a Muslim woman who had been condemned to death by stoning by an Islamic court for adultery.[http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2002/februaryweb-only/2-25-13.0.html]</ref>

He was proclaimed Cardinal by [[Pope John Paul II]] in the [[consistory]] of 21 October 2003, and holds the title of Cardinal Priest of ''Santa Maria del Monte Carmelo a Mostacciano'' (or in English Blessed Virgin Mary of Mt. Carmel of Mostacciano). During his cardinalate, Okogie was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]].

His resignation from the pastoral governance of the see of Lagos because of having reached the age limit of 75 years was accepted on 25 May 2012.

==Views==

===Condoms===
In 2007, he condemned the government approval of a condom factory.<ref>[http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0700071.htm Nigerian cardinal condemns government approval of condom factory]</ref>

===Celibacy===
Cardinal Okogie has defended the Catholic Church's laws on celibacy for Catholic priests.<ref>[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/07/24/i-had-three-girlfriends-i-still-have-sexual-urge/comment-page-1/ Vanguardngr.com]</ref>

===American culture===
Okogie has been critical of American culture, especially as it relates to priestly vocations. He said “those people there, in the US, they don’t value anything any more. And how do you want priests to come from a place like that?” <ref>[http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=3613 Nigerian cardinal blasts laxity of American culture, priesthood]</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=210 Biography at catholic-pages.com]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Francis Anani Kofi Lodonu]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Titular Bishop]] of [[Khenchela|Mascula]]|years=1971 – 1973}}
{{s-aft|after=Jan Bernard Szlaga}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=John Kwao Amuzu Aggey}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lagos|Metropolitan Archbishop of Lagos]]|years=1973 – Present}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alfred Adewale Martins]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Gabriel Gonsum Ganaka]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Episcopal Conference|President of Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Nigeria]]|years=1988 – 1994}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Albert Kanene Obiefuna]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[John Wu|John Baptist Wu Cheng-chung]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Cardinal-Priest|Cardinal-Priest of Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo a Mostacciano]]|years=2003 – Present}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Incumbent]]}}
{{s-end}}

===References===
<references/>

{{Authority control|VIAF=31325990}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Okogie, Anthony Olubumni
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 16 June 1936
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Okogie, Anthony Olubumni}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nigerian cardinals]]
[[Category:Nigerian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Lagos]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:People from Lagos]]
[[Category:Yoruba people]]

[[cs:Anthony Okogie]]
[[de:Anthony Olubunmi Okogie]]
[[fr:Anthony Olubunmi Okogie]]
[[it:Anthony Olubunmi Okogie]]
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[[nl:Anthony Olubumni Okogie]]
[[no:Anthony Olubunmi Okogie]]
[[pl:Anthony Okogie]]
[[pt:Anthony Olubunmi Okogie]]
[[ru:Окоги, Энтони Олубунми]]
[[sl:Anthony Olubunmi Okogie]]
[[fi:Anthony Olubunmi Okogie]]

Seán Patrick O'Malley

2013-02-17T07:45:39Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
|type= cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Seán Patrick O'Malley
| honorific-suffix = [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|O.F.M. Cap.]]
| title =[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Cardinal-Archbishop of Boston]]
| image = ArchbishopO'MalleyProcession.jpg
| caption =
| province =
| diocese =
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Boston]]
| appointed = July 1, 2003
| enthroned = July 30, 2003
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Bernard Francis Law]]
| successor =
| other_post = [[Santa Maria della Vittoria|Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria della Vittoria]]
| ordination = August 29, 1970
| ordinated_by = [[John Bernard McDowell]]
| consecration = August 2, 1984
| consecrated_by = [[Edward John Harper]]
| cardinal = March 24, 2006
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Thomas|Coadjutor Bishop of Saint Thomas, American Virgin Islands]] (1984–1985)|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Thomas|Bishop of Saint Thomas, American Virgin Islands]] (1985–1992)|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Fall River|Bishop of Fall River]] (1992–2002)|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Palm Beach|Bishop of Palm Beach]] (2002–2003)}}
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Sean Patrick O'Malley.svg
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1944|6|29}}
| birth_place = [[Lakewood, Ohio]], [[USA]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = American
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| alma_mater = Catholic University of America
| signature =
| motto = quodcumque dixerit facite
}}
{{Ordination
| date of diaconal ordination =
| place of diaconal ordination =
| ordained deacon by =
| date of priestly ordination =29 August 1970
| place of priestly ordination =
| ordained priest by = [[John Bernard McDowell ]]
| date of consecration=August 2, 1984
| consecrated by=[[Edward John Harper|Edward John Harper, C.SS.R]]
| co-consecrator1= [[James Aloysius Hickey|James Aloysius Cardinal Hickey]]
| co-consecrator2 = [[Eugene Antonio Marino]]
| bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1
| bishop 1=[[John Anthony Dooher]]
| consecration date 1=December 12, 2006
| bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2
| bishop 2=[[Robert Francis Hennessey]]
| consecration date 2=December 12, 2006
| bishopconsecrated3 = bishopconsecrated3
| bishop 3= [[Arthur Kennedy (bishop)|Arthur Leo Kennedy]]
| consecration date 3=September 14, 2010
| bishopconsecrated4 = bishopconsecrated4
| bishop 4=Peter John Uglietto
| consecration date 4=September 14, 2010
| bishopconsecrated5 = bishopconsecrated5
| bishop 5=Donald Lippert, OFM Cap
| consecration date 5=February 4, 2012
| bishopconsecrated6 = bishopconsecrated6
| bishop 6=[[Robert Deeley]]
| consecration date 6=January 4, 2013
}}
'''Seán Patrick O'Malley''', [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|OFM Cap]] (born June 29, 1944), is an [[United States|American]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He currently serves as the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Archbishop of Boston]], and was elevated to the cardinalate in 2006. O'Malley is a member of the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin]], commonly known as the Capuchins.

==Early life and ordination==
Seán Patrick O'Malley was born as '''Patrick O'Malley''' in [[Lakewood, Ohio]], the son of Theodore and Mary Louise (née Reidy) O'Malley. O'Malley, his sister, and his older brother grew up in South Hills of Pittsburgh, and Reading, Pennsylvania. At age 12, he entered St. Fidelis [[Minor seminary|Minor Seminary]] in Herman, a [[boarding school]] for students considering joining the [[Franciscan|Franciscan order]]. While there, in addition to studying the normal high school subjects, he also studied [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[German language|German]], and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], and he was active in [[Theatre|theater]].

On July 14, 1965, at the age of 21, O'Malley professed his vows in the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin]] and took the name '''Seán''' in honor of [[John the Apostle|St. John the Apostle]]. After he was ordained a [[deacon]], he spent a brief period in [[Easter Island]], [[Chile]]. He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] on August 29, 1970, at age 26, by Bishop [[John Bernard McDowell]], an [[Auxiliary bishop|auxiliary]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh]].

After graduating from St. Fidelis, he attended [[Capuchin College]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] and [[The Catholic University of America]], where he is now a member of the [[Board of Trustees of The Catholic University of America|Board of Trustees]].

==Professor and pastor==
He graduated from CUA with a [[master's degree]] in religious education and a [[Ph.D.]] in [[Spanish literature|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese literature]]. He once said of his ''[[alma mater]]'', "I have a great affection for Catholic University. I studied there, received my doctorate there and even taught there for a couple of years. It’s always a joy to go back to see the progress that they have made."<ref>[http://www.cardinalseansblog.org/?p=1122 Erin Go Bragh], Cardinal Sean's Blog</ref> O'Malley served as a [[professor]] at The Catholic University from 1969 to 1973.

In 1973, he was asked to minister to [[Latino]]s living in the [[Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area|D.C. area]] at the Centro Católico Hispano ([[Hispanic]] Catholic Center). The Centro was founded in 1967 by the Archdiocese of Washington, and it was originally headed by the Spanish missionaries, Fr. Rutílio and Sister Ana María; it is an organization which provided educational, medical and legal help to immigrants. He opened a [[Spanish language|Spanish]] bookstore and founded ''[[El Pregonero]]'', the first Spanish [[newspaper]] in the D.C. area. In 1978, Cardinal [[William Wakefield Baum]] appointed him [[Vicar general|episcopal vicar]] for the [[Luso American|Portuguese]], Hispanic, and [[Haiti]]an communities, and he became the executive director of the archdiocesan Office of Social Ministry. He was also named knight commander of the [[Order of Infante D. Henrique]] by [[Portugal]] in 1974 for his service to its people.

==Bishop==

O'Malley was appointed [[coadjutor bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Thomas|Diocese of Saint Thomas]] on May 30, 1984 by [[Pope John Paul II]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following August 2 by [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Thomas|Bishop Edward John Harper]], [[Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer|CSSR]], with Archbishop [[James Aloysius Hickey|James Hickey]] and Bishop [[Eugene Marino]], [[Josephites|SSJ]], serving as co-consecrators.

He served as coadjutor for one year and then succeeded Bishop Harper as Bishop of Saint Thomas on October 16, 1985, upon Harper's resignation. While in the [[Virgin Islands]], he worked with the [[Homelessness|homeless]], and opened a home for people with [[AIDS]]. He was made an honorary [[chaplain]] of the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] in 1991.

As a bishop in New England, O'Malley first attempted to settle the [[sexual abuse scandal in Fall River diocese]]. In Palm Beach, he tried to overcome the [[Sexual abuse scandal in Palm Beach diocese|abuse scandal]] there too. He also worked closely with the Portuguese and Hispanic population, which make up a large percentage of the Catholics in the United States.

In 1998 John Paul II appointed O'Malley to the Special Assembly for [[Oceania]] of the [[Synod|Synod of Bishops]]. In 2003, he became the archbishop of Boston, succeeding Cardinal [[Bernard Law]], who had resigned as a consequence of the [[sexual abuse scandal in Boston archdiocese|scandal]] there.

===Cardinal===
[[Image:Cardinal Sean Harvard.jpg|thumb|left|Cardinal O'Malley speaks to students at St. Paul's Catholic Church, home to the Catholic community at [[Harvard University]], April 30, 2006]]
[[Pope Benedict XVI]] elevated O'Malley and 14 others to the rank of [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] in the [[consistory]] on March 24, 2006, as announced on the Feast of the [[Chair of Saint Peter]], February 22, 2006. O'Malley, who was assigned the titular church of ''[[Santa Maria della Vittoria]]'', was one of two Americans to be elevated on that day (the other was [[William Joseph Levada]], who succeeded Pope Benedict as the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] in 2005). In the following May, O'Malley was named as a member of both the [[Congregation for the Clergy]] and the [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]] in the [[Roman Curia]]. In late September 2009, he became a member of the Presidential Council of the [[Pontifical Council for the Family]], on the same day as an American couple and a professor of law at the University of St. Thomas in Minneapolis were named as consultors.

On September 19, 2006, O'Malley became the first cardinal with a personal [[blog]], [http://www.cardinalseansblog.org www.CardinalSeansBlog.org]. As of [[Christmas]] 2006 he began offering a regular [[podcast]] as well.<ref name="podcast">{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/12/21/cardinal_omalley_to_launch_podcasts/|title=Cardinal O'Malley to launch podcasts|accessdate=December 21, 2006|publisher=Boston Globe|author=Michael Paulson| date=December 21, 2006}}</ref> He views the podcasts "as yet another tool [he] can use to reach the young people in our Church who more and more are turning to the Internet for their information."<ref name="christmas">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardinalseansblog.org/?p=607|title=Leading up to Christmas|accessdate=December 23, 2006|publisher=CardinalSeansBlog.com|year=2006|author=Sean Patrick Cardinal O'Malley}}</ref>

O'Malley will be able to participate in any future [[papal conclave]]s held as the result of a ''sede vacante'' beginning prior to his 80th birthday on June 29, 2024.

O'Malley, as of September 2011, is the only Capuchin member of the College of Cardinals.<ref>January 18, 2007; [http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_statistiche/cardinali_statistiche_istituti_it.html ''Cardinali appartenenti ad Istituti di vita consacrata o Società di vita apostolica'' (Italian)]; Holy See Press Office; url accessed February 3, 2007</ref>

{{Infobox cardinalstyles |
cardinal name=Seán Patrick O'Malley, OFM Cap |
dipstyle=[[His Eminence]] |
offstyle=Your Eminence |
relstyle=[[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] |
image=Coat of arms of Sean Patrick O'Malley.svg|
image_size=200px|
See=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Boston]]|}}

==Views==

===Politics===
Cardinal O'Malley has said that the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] has been persistently hostile to pro-life groups, adding that the support of many Catholics for Democratic candidates "borders on scandal."<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_196__article_6302.htm U.S. cardinal draws line with Democratic party]</ref> In spite of intense pressure not to speak publicly at Senator [[Ted Kennedy]]'s funeral, due to the latter's long-standing support for abortion rights, O'Malley agreed to assist at the funeral Mass and led a prayer, because, he said, "as Archbishop of Boston, I considered it appropriate to represent the Church at this liturgy out of respect for the Senator, his family, those who attended the Mass and all those who were praying for the Senator and his family at this difficult time". He appreciated the Senator's work for social justice, but said "there is a tragic sense of lost opportunity in his lack of support for the unborn".<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_196__article_9108.htm Cardinal O'Malley's Largehearted Gesture: Mercy]</ref><ref>[http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2009/sep/09090302.html Cardinal lashes out at pro-lifers, soft-pedals criticism of Kennedy abortion support]</ref> In an interview published on the Boston Globe of November 11, 2008, he said that, unless the church formally excommunicated them, he would not deny Communion to Catholic politicians in his diocese who support abortion rights.<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_196__article_7874.htm Boston's Cardinal O'Malley seems ignorant of the fact that Rome has said pro-abortion politicians 'must' be denied communion]</ref>

At the time of his elevation into the [[College of Cardinals]], he joked that the scarlet robes that are customary for the "red hat" ceremony would be useful in the case he was invited to go [[Dick Cheney hunting incident|quail hunting with Vice President Dick Cheney]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1934924-2,00.html |title= Priests Spar Over What It Means to Be Catholic|author= Amy Sullivan |date=November 2009 |publisher=Time Magazine|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref>

===Leadership Conference of Women Religious===
In a letter to the [[Leadership Conference of Women Religious]], which had been under investigation by the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], O'Malley said that "the Church is grateful for all that your communities have done and continue to do to advance the mission of the Church, especially in the areas of health care, education, social services and pastoral ministry, as are highlighted in the exhibit".<ref>[http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2009/oct/09100604.html Nun group under investigation by Vatican praised by U.S. Cardinal]</ref>

===Sexual and other abuse politics===
He has settled 101 [[abuse]] claims and claims to have initiated a [[zero-tolerance]] policy against [[sexual abuse]]. He also instituted one of the first comprehensive sexual abuse policies in the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>[http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/stories3/090402_bishop.htm Fall River bishop to head Fla. diocese]</ref>

===Pro-Life Views and Policies – Caritas Christi Healthcare Controversy===
In 2009, the Caritas Christi healthcare network was proposed to contract out certain healthcare provisions to other providers. Controversially some of these services would have included abortion and pregnancy termination services. The contract with Celticcare, set up by the Caritas board as an outside way to avoid Catholic prohibitions on material cooperation with abortion, was seen by some pro-life groups as a disingenuous way to perform abortions and procure more government funds.<ref>[http://www.lifenews.com/2009/06/08/state-4213/]</ref><ref>[http://www.all.org/article/index/id/ODQ2]</ref> O'Malley took the proposed contract and sent it for review as to its theological implications to the National Catholic Bioethical Center, where O'Malley sits as a board member, presenting an apparent conflict of interest.<ref>[http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2009/may/09052712]</ref><ref>[http://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/otr.cfm?id=4959]</ref> Ultimately, under pressure, the diocese withdrew<ref>[http://www.bostoncatholic.org/Utility/News-And-Press/Content.aspx?id=15046]</ref> the Caritas contract with Celticcare and no longer pursued abortion referrals at Catholic healthcare facilities.<ref>[http://www.lifenews.com/2009/06/29/state-4263/]</ref><ref>[http://www.thebostonpilot.com/article.asp?ID=12838]</ref>

==Apostolic Visitor to Dublin==
In June 2010, after the [[Ryan Report]] and [[Murphy Report]] on the abuses by the Church in Ireland, Cardinal O'Malley was named along with others to oversee the [[apostolic visitation]] of certain dioceses and [[seminaries]] in [[Ireland]]. Cardinal O'Malley was named as the Visitor to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin|Archdiocese of Dublin]] and its suffragan sees, [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ferns|Ferns]] and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ossory|Ossory]] and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin|Kildare and Leighlin]]. He will report back to the Holy See on what steps have been taken since the reports were issued, and what else needs to happen.<ref>Cullen, Kevin, [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2010/0604/1224271809261.html "US visitor well versed in church abuse issue"], ''[[The Irish Times]]'', Friday, June 4, 2010</ref>

==External links==
{{commons category|Sean Cardinal O'Malley}}
*[http://www.cardinalseansblog.org/ Cardinal Seán's blog]
*[http://www.rcab.org/People/cardinalOMalley.html Boston Archdiocese page for Archbishop Seán O'Malley]
*[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/ericbborgman/CatholicConference.html&date=2009-10-25+21:52:55 Photographs of Archbishop O'Malley at March 19, 2005 Boston Men's Conference]
*{{catholic-hierarchy|bishop|bomalley|Archbishop Seán Patrick O'Malley|April 4, 2010}}
*[http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=240 Catholic Pages]
*[http://www.hwwilson.com/Currentbio/cover_bios/cover_bio_1_04.htm Biography of Archbishop O'Malley]
*[http://www.boston.com/news/globe/city_region/paulson/blog/2006/03/25/index.html Examination of the ring of O'Malley with pictures]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box |
title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Thomas|Bishop of St. Thomas]] |
before=[[Edward John Harper]] |
after=[[Elliot Griffin Thomas]] |
years=1985–1992 }}
{{succession box |
title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Fall River|Bishop of Fall River]] |
before=[[Daniel Anthony Cronin]] |
after=[[George William Coleman]] |
years=1992–2002 }}
{{succession box |
title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Palm Beach|Bishop of Palm Beach]] |
before=[[Anthony Joseph O'Connell]] |
after=[[Gerald Michael Barbarito]] |
years=2002–2003 }}
{{succession box |
title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Archbishop of Boston]] |
before=[[Bernard Francis Law]] |
after=[[Incumbent]] |
years=2003–{{As of|2005|alt=present}} }}
{{succession box |
title=[[Order of the Holy Sepulchre|Grand prior of the Northeastern Lieutenancy of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre]] |
before=... |
after=[[Incumbent]] |
years=2003–{{As of|2005|alt=present}} }}
{{succession box |
title=[[Santa Maria della Vittoria|Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Vittoria]] |
before=[[Giuseppe Caprio]] |
after=[[Incumbent]] |
years=2003–{{As of|2012|alt=present}} }}
{{s-end}}

==References==
<references/>

{{Authority control|VIAF=49031658}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Omalley, Sean Patrick
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Omalley, Patrick (birth name)
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American Roman Catholic prelate
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 29, 1944
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Lakewood, Ohio]], U.S.
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Omalley, Sean Patrick}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:American bloggers]]
[[Category:American cardinals]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Capuchins]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Clergy]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:The Catholic University of America alumni]]
[[Category:People from Lakewood, Ohio]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Order of the Holy Sepulchre]]

[[cs:Seán Patrick O'Malley]]
[[de:Sean Patrick O’Malley]]
[[es:Seán Patrick O'Malley]]
[[fr:Sean Patrick O'Malley]]
[[it:Sean Patrick O'Malley]]
[[la:Ioannes Patricius O'Malley]]
[[nl:Sean Patrick O’Malley]]
[[no:Sean Patrick O'Malley]]
[[pl:Sean Patrick O'Malley]]
[[pt:Sean Patrick O'Malley]]
[[ru:О’Мелли, Шон Патрик]]
[[fi:Sean Patrick O'Malley]]
[[sv:Seán Patrick O'Malley]]

Antonio María Rouco Varela

2013-02-16T18:17:06Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Spanish name|Rouco|Varela}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Antonio Rouco Varela
| honorific-suffix =
| title = Cardinal-Archbishop of Madrid
| image = Antonio María Rouco Varela.JPG
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| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid|Madrid]]
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| ordination = 28 March 1959
| consecration = 31 October 1976
| cardinal = 21 February 1998
| rank = [[Cardinal Priest]]

| birth_name = Antonio María Rouco Varela
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1936|08|24}}
| birth_place = [[Vilalba]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republic]]
| death_date =
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| nationality = [[Spain|Spanish]]
| religion = [[Roman Catholicism]]
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{{Infobox cardinal styles
|cardinal name=Antonio Rouco Varela
|dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]
|offstyle=Your Eminence
|relstyle=Cardinal
|See=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid|Madrid]]
|image = Coat of arms of Antonio Maria Rouco Varela.svg
|image_size = 200px
}}
'''Antonio María Rouco Varela''' (born 24 August 1936) is a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[prelate]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He currently serves as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid|Archbishop of Madrid]], and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1998.

==Biography==
Antonio Rouco Varela was born in [[Vilalba]] to Vicente Rouco and María Eugenia Varela, the latter of whom hailed from [[Bahía Blanca]], [[Argentina]]. He has four siblings: Visitación, Jose, Manuel, and Eugenia. He studied at the [[seminary]] in [[Mondoñedo]] and at the [[Pontifical University of Salamanca]] (1954–1958), from where he obtained his [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology|licentiate in theology]]. Rouco was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Bishop Francisco Barbado y Viejo, [[Dominican Order|OP]], on 28 March 1959.

He then furthered his studies at the [[University of Munich]], earning a [[Doctor of Canon Law|doctorate in canon law]] in 1964 with a [[Thesis|dissertation]] on [[Separation of church and state|church-state relations]] in [[Habsburg Spain|16th century Spain]]. He held a series of academic posts, teaching fundamental theology, canon law, and ecclesiastical law at the seminary of Mondoñedo, and the University of Munich. In 1976 he was appointed [[titular bishop|titular]] [[Bishop]] of Gergi and [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Santiago de Compostela]]. Named [[Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela]] in 1984, he played a key role in the hosting of the 4th [[World Youth Day]] in 1989. Five years later, in 1994, he was named Archbishop of Madrid.

[[Pope John Paul II]] created him [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[S. Lorenzo in Damaso]]'' in the [[consistory]] of 21 February 1998. He was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. In 2011 was Cardinal of Madrid, when the Pope arrive to the World Youth Day 2011. That year war founded in Madrid the [[:es:Universidad eclesiástica san Dámaso|University of "San Dámaso"]].

==Views==

===Church architecture===
When he was Bishop in Madrid, there was the [[Almudena Cathedral]] renewed with paints of [[Kiko Argüello]] and the mosaics of Father Marko Ivan Rupnik.<ref>[http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/2005/11/05/040.html Article of ABC journal]</ref>

===Abortion===
He has opposed plans by the Spanish left-wing government to remove remaining restrictions to abortion procedures.<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_90__article_8861.htm Cardinalrating.com]</ref>

===Neocatechumenal Way===
Cardinal Rouco Varela is also a known supporter of the [[Neocatechumenal Way]] and has co-ordinated massive rallies on 31 December 2007 and 2008 along with its founder, [[Kiko Arguello]] in events known as "family days" promoting the Christian model of the family.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=128 Biography at catholic-pages.com]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before=[[Angel Suquía Goicoechea]]
|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid|Archbishop of Madrid]]
|after=[[incumbent]]
|years=28 July 1994–[[incumbent]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Rouco Varela, Antonio
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 24 August 1936
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Vilalba]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republic]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rouco Varela, Antonio}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Vilalba]]
[[Category:Spanish cardinals]]
[[Category:Spanish archbishops]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George]]
[[Category:Members of the Apostolic Signatura]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]

[[bar:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]
[[ca:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]
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[[fr:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]
[[gl:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]
[[ko:안토니오 마리아 로우코 발레라]]
[[it:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]
[[la:Antonius María Rouco Varela]]
[[nl:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]
[[no:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]
[[pl:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]
[[pt:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]
[[ru:Роуко Варела, Антонио Мария]]
[[sl:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]
[[fi:Antonio María Rouco Varela]]

Donald Wuerl

2013-02-14T01:26:19Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Donald William Wuerl
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington|Cardinal-Archbishop of Washington]]
| image = Archbishopwuerl.JPG
| caption = Wuerl (right) celebrating Mass
| province =
| diocese =
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington|Washington]]
| enthroned = June 22, 2006
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Theodore Edgar McCarrick]]
| successor = ''incumbent''
| ordination = December 17, 1966
| consecration = January 6, 1986
| cardinal = November 20, 2010
| rank = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of [[San Pietro in Vincoli]]
| other_post = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle|Auxiliary Bishop of Seattle]] (1986–1987) [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh|Diocese of Pittsburgh]] (1988–2006) Chancellor of [[The Catholic University of America]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|11|12|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
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| residence =
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| alma_mater =
| signature =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Donald Wuerl.svg
}}
{{Infobox cardinal styles
| cardinal name = Donald William Wuerl
| dipstyle = [[His Eminence]]
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| relstyle =
| See = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington|Washington]]
| image = Coat of arms of Donald Wuerl.svg
| image_size = 220px
}}

'''Donald William Wuerl''' (born November 12, 1940) is an [[United States|American]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He is the sixth and current [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington|Archbishop of Washington]], serving since 2006. He previously served as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle|Auxiliary Bishop of Seattle]] (1986–87) and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh|Bishop of Pittsburgh]] (1988–2006). He was created a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2010.

==Early life and education==
Donald Wuerl was born in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]], the second of four children of Francis and Mary Anna (née Schiffauer) Wuerl.<ref name=cardinals>{{cite news|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|title=WUERL, Donald William (1940– )|url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios2010.htm#Wuerl|last=Miranda|first=Salvador}}</ref> He has two brothers, Wayne and Dennis, and a sister, Carol.<ref name=melnick>{{cite news|date=May 14, 1994|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|title=Francis J. Wuerl, Whose 4 Children Included A Bishop|last=Rodgers-Melnick|first=Ann}}</ref> His father worked nights weighing freight cars for the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]], and served in the [[United States Navy|Navy]] during World War II.<ref name=melnick/> His mother died in 1944, and his father married Kathryn Cavanaugh in 1946.<ref name=melnick/>

Wuerl received his early education at the [[parochial school]] of St. Mary of the Mount Church in the [[Mount Washington (Pittsburgh)|Mount Washington]] neighborhood of Pittsburgh, graduating in 1958.<ref name=designate>{{cite news|date=May 17, 2006|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|title=Washington, D.C., Archbishop-Designate Donald Wuerl}}</ref> He then attended the [[The Catholic University of America|Catholic University of America]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where he was a Basselin Scholar at [[Theological College (Catholic University of America)|Theological College]].<ref name=cua>{{cite news|work=[[The Catholic University of America]]|title=News & Events|url=http://theologicalcollege.org/published/news_and_events/index.html}}</ref> He there earned a Bachelor's degree (1962) and Master's degree (1963) in philosophy.<ref name=duin>{{cite news|date=June 12, 2006|work=[[The Washington Times]]|title=Wuerl a 'teaching bishop' – McCarrick's successor prepares to lead Diocese of Washington|last=Duin|first=Julia}}</ref>

He continued his studies at the [[Pontifical North American College]] in [[Rome]].<ref name=cardinals/> He earned a master's degree in theology from the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] in 1967. After ordination, he studied at the [[Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas|Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum'']] in Rome, obtaining his [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|doctorate in theology]] in 1974.

=== Early career ===
He was ordained a priest on December 17, 1966.<ref name="Diopitt">[http://www.diopitt.org/wel_former_bishops.php Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh – History of Bishops Webpage – Retrieved on 2008-10-18]</ref> His first assignment was as assistant pastor at [[Santa Rosalia|St. Rosalia]] parish in Pittsburgh's [[Greenfield (Pittsburgh)|Greenfield]] neighborhood and as secretary to then-Pittsburgh bishop [[John Joseph Wright|John Wright]], who was elevated to cardinal in 1969; Wuerl was his full-time secretary in [[Vatican City]] from 1969 until Wright's death in 1979.

Because Cardinal Wright had to use a wheelchair due to his severe [[arthritis]] in 1978, Wuerl, as Wright's secretary, was one of three non-cardinals permitted inside the [[Papal conclave|conclave]], which selected Karol Wojtyla as [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref name="Donald Wuerl">{{cite web|url=http://www.pittsburghcatholic.org/newsarticles_more.phtml?id=2301|title=1978: With John Paul II, a new era began for the church|last=Almade|first=Frank D.|date=September 29, 2008|work=Pittsburgh Catholic Newspaper|publisher=Pittsburgh Catholic Publishing Associates|accessdate=November 10, 2008}}</ref>

Wuerl was [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] at [[Saint Paul Seminary (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)|St. Paul Seminary]] in Pittsburgh from 1981 to 1985. In 1982, he was made executive secretary to Bishop [[John Aloysius Marshall|John Marshall]] for a [[Pope|papally]] mandated study of U.S. [[seminary|seminaries]].

== Episcopal career ==

=== Auxiliary Bishop of Seattle ===

Wuerl was appointed titular bishop of Rosemarkie and auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Seattle on December 3, 1985,<ref name="Diopitt"/> which was controversial, in that he was to take over much of Archbishop [[Raymond Hunthausen]]'s authority by being given "complete and final decision-making power" in several key areas.<ref>http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2003-0206-111237/inhoud.htm Conflict in the Catholic Hierarchy: a study of coping strategies in the Hunthausen affair, with preferential attention to discursive strategies – Schilling, Timothy Peter – From 2003 – Retrieved on October 22, 2008</ref> He was given complete authority over liturgy, the archdiocesan tribunal, seminarians and priestly formation, laicized priests, and issues of health care and ministry to homosexuals.

Wuerl was ordained bishop on January 6, 1986,<ref name="Diopitt"/> at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, Italy by Pope John Paul II.

=== Bishop of Pittsburgh ===

Wuerl was appointed as the eleventh bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh|Diocese of Pittsburgh]] on February 12, 1988<ref name="Diopitt"/> and installed on March 25, 1988.<ref name="Diopitt"/>

In 1989, Wuerl merged Sacred Heart and St. Paul Cathedral high schools to establish [[Oakland Catholic High School]] (all female-only schools) in the [[Oakland (Pittsburgh)|Oakland]] neighborhood of Pittsburgh, using the buildings at St. Paul Cathedral High School.<ref>[http://www.oaklandcatholic.org/about/history/ "History" section – Oakland Catholic High School website]</ref>

Wuerl launched and hosted a television program, ''The Teaching of Christ'', in 1990 and wrote an adult [[catechism]] with the same name. He taught at [[Duquesne University]] in Pittsburgh as a distinguished service professor. Wuerl has served as a [[chaplain]] since 1999 for the Order of Malta, Federal Association, U.S.A., a division of the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]], commonly referred to as the Knights of Malta.<ref>http://www.orderofmalta-federal.org/chaplains Order Of Malta Federal Association, USA official website – The Chaplains of the Order of Malta, Federal Association webpage – Retrieved on November 10, 2008</ref> Wuerl has also written regular columns in ''Columbia'', the major publication of the [[Knights of Columbus]] in the United States.<ref>Knights of Columbus. http://www.kofc.org/un/eb/en/publications/columbia/archive/bishop_wuerl.html</ref>

Wuerl closed 73 church buildings, which included 37 churches, and reduced 331 parishes by 117 through merging while bishop of Pittsburgh; he was managing the remaining 214 parishes when he left in June 2006.<ref>http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/multimedia/s_518443.html ''Pittsburgh Tribune-Review'' Newspaper Article – Bishop Zubik will face many obstacles – From July 22, 2007 – Retrieved on October 23, 2008</ref> Wuerl's plan, ''The Parish Reorganization and Revitalization Project'',<ref>http://www.diopitt.org/news_051606.php Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh official website news release – Bishop Wuerl Appointed Archbishop Of Washington – May 16, 2006 – Retrieved on October 23, 2008</ref> is now used as a model for other dioceses seeking parish suppression. The [[mansion]] that housed Wuerl for over two decades, as well as his four predecessors, in the Diocese of Pittsburgh was sold since the new bishop, [[David Zubik]], decided to live at St. Paul's Seminary. The [[Jacobethan]] Revival house along Fifth Avenue, at {{convert|9842|sqft|m2}} with 39 rooms, which include 11 bedrooms, six full baths, and a half-bath, had an appraised value of $1.5 million and is one of the largest homes in the [[Shadyside (Pittsburgh)|Shadyside]] neighborhood of Pittsburgh.<ref name="Mansion">{{Citation|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_597476.html|title=Diocese to sell roomy Shadyside mansion|last=Smith|first=Craig|date=November 8, 2008|work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|publisher=Tribune-Review Publishing Company|accessdate=November 10, 2008}}</ref> As of March 2009, the property was listed for sale at $2.5 million; it formerly enclosed an extensive collection of [[antique]]s, [[Oriental rug]]s, and [[art]] during Wuerl's residency.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09073/955422-30.stm|title=Bishops' mansion was home for precious antiques, paintings|last=Pitz|first=Marylynne|date=March 14, 2009|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|publisher=PG Publishing Co., Inc.|accessdate=March 18, 2009}}</ref> The property was sold to an anonymous private trust for over $2 million.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_641321.html|title=Shadyside mansion sold by Pittsburgh Catholic Diocese|last=LaRussa|first=Tony|date=September 3, 2009|work=Tribune-Review|publisher=Trib Total Media|accessdate=November 18, 2010}}</ref>

=== Archbishop of Washington ===

Wuerl was installed as Archbishop of Washington on June 22, 2006,<ref name="Diopitt"/> at the [[Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception]] and received the [[pallium]] from Pope Benedict XVI on June 29, 2006.

In April 2008, Wuerl, as Archbishop of Washington, hosted the apostolic visit of Pope Benedict XVI to the District of Columbia, which included a visit to the [[White House]], the celebration of Vespers at the [[Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception]], Mass at the new [[Nationals Park]], and an address at [[The Catholic University of America]].

Wuerl has been chairman of the board of directors at the [[National Catholic Educational Association]] since December 12, 2005.<ref>[http://www.ncea.org/news/pressrelease/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=15 National Catholic Educational Association – Press Release Webpage] – From 2006-01-04 – Retrieved on May 18, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.ncea.org/about/boardofdirectors.asp National Catholic Educational Association – Board of Directors Webpage] Retrieved on October 17, 2008</ref> He is also [[chancellor]] at the Catholic University of America. In September 2010, Wuerl was appointed by the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] delegate in the United States to facilitate the implementation of the [[Apostolic Constitution]] ''[[Anglicanorum Coetibus]]'' issued Pope Benedict XIV in November 2009 to provide for those Anglican faithful who desire to enter into the full communion of the Catholic Church in a corporate manner. He also heads the U.S. bishops’ ''ad hoc'' committee created for such implementation. Other members of the ''ad hoc'' committee are Bishop [[Kevin William Vann]] of Fort Worth, Texas, and Bishop [[Robert Joseph McManus]] of Worcester, Massachusetts. The committee will be assisted by Father Scott Hurd.<ref>[http://www.usccb.org/comm/archives/2010/10-166.shtml United States Conference of Catholic Bishops Press Release]</ref>

=== Commitment to priestly formation ===

From 1994 until 2003, as Bishop of Pittsburgh, Wuerl served as a member of the board of governors of the [[Pontifical North American College]] in Rome (Chairman, 1998–1999), representing the Pennsylvania-New Jersey Region (Region III) of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. In 2008, as Archbishop of Washington he was again elected to the college's board of governors, this time representing the Washington DC-Delaware-Maryland-Virginia-West Virginia region of the conference (Region IV).

===Elevation to College of Cardinals===

On November 20, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI elevated Wuerl to the College of Cardinals in a public consistory held at Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Rome. He was created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[S. Pietro in Vincoli]]'', (Saint Peter in Chains), in Rome. In December 2010, Wuerl was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Clergy]] and the [[Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

On October 24, 2011, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] named Wuerl to be the [[Relator-General]] of the 2012 [[World Synod of Bishops]] meeting on the New Evangelization.<ref>http://www.zenit.org/article-33719?l=english</ref>

On December 10, 2011, he was appointed a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Culture]] for a five year renewable term.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28516.php?index=28516&lang=en NOMINA DI MEMBRI DEL PONTIFICIO CONSIGLIO DELLA CULTURA]</ref>

On April 21, 2012 Cardinal Wuerl was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]].

== Public positions on moral and political issues ==

[[File:President George W. Bush and Archbishop of Washington.jpg|thumb|250px|President [[George W. Bush]] and Laura Bush welcome outgoing Archbishop of Washington [[Theodore Edgar McCarrick]], left, the incoming Archbishop of Washington, Donald W. Wuerl, far right, and papal nuncio [[Pietro Sambi]] to the White House]]

===Clergy Abuse===

According to the [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]], Wuerl has "a national reputation for zero tolerance of priests who molest minors." <ref name="post-gazette.com">[http://www.post-gazette.com/localnews/20030615wuerl0615p2.asp Wuerl's tough record on sex abuse spurs speculation of move to Boston, Post, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 15, 2003]</ref>

Wuerl has been a strong advocate within the Catholic hierarchy for confronting [[Catholic sex abuse cases|sexual abuse]] more directly. In September 1988 when he was serving as Bishop of Pittsburgh, he accepted a dinner invitation from a family suing the diocese for sexual abuse by a priest. Although the diocese's lawyers had discouraged Wuerl from attending the dinner, Wuerl became convinced that sexual abuse was a problem in his diocese. Wuerl settled the lawsuit with the family, and the priest involved was [[defrocking|laicized]] and sent to prison. Wuerl told his staff that in cases of alleged sexual abuse, the first concern should be for the victim, the second concern should be for the victim's family, and only third should clergy consider the reputation of the Church.<ref name="post-gazette.com"/>

In the years that followed, Wuerl investigated every priest in his diocese accused of sexual misconduct, and removed several. On one occasion, Wuerl successfully fought to laicize a priest who the Vatican initially had protected.<ref name="post-gazette.com"/>

In 2010, Wuerl argued that the Church has made progress in confronting abusers. He told [[Fox News Sunday]] that "we have succeeded in guaranteeing that if a priest is accused, and there is a credible allegation, he is simply removed from the ministry. That is reported to the authorities, and we begin to try to heal whatever was damaged in that abuse." <ref>[http://www.wltx.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=114329&catid=142 Archbishop of Washington Talks Sexual Abuse, Don't Ask Don't Tell]</ref>

===Religion and Politics===

In cases where Church doctrine clashes with government policies, Wuerl has a reputation as a theological conservative, but not an authoritarian. Wuerl supports serving [[pro-choice]] Catholic [[politicians]] [[Eucharist (Catholic Church)|communion]] in most cases, once saying, "Our primary job is to teach and try to convince people. The tradition in our country has not been in the direction of refusing Communion, and I think it's served us well."<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/17/us/17archbishop.html Pope Names Pittsburgh Bishop to Washington, D.C., Post, New York Times, May 17, 2006]</ref>

In 2009, the [[Council of the District of Columbia|D.C. City Council]] proposed and ultimately passed a [[same-sex marriage]] bill. In November 2009, Wuerl signed an ecumenical statement, known as the ''[[Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience|Manhattan Declaration]]'', calling on evangelicals, Catholics and Orthodox not to comply with rules and laws permitting abortion, same-sex marriage and other matters that go against their religious consciences.<ref>[http://demossnews.com/manhattandeclaration/press_kit/manhattan_declaration_signers Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience]</ref> The Catholic Church teaches that marriage is between a man and a woman and that the extension of the civil definition of marriage to same-sex couples undermines the common good of society as a whole.<ref>[http://www.usccb.org/defenseofmarriage/faqs.shtml U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops Website – Defense of Marriage]</ref> In the debate on the D.C. same-sex marriage bill, the Archdiocese of Washington advocated for religious liberty provisions that would protect the Church's ability to provide social services (i.e. adoption) in accordance with Catholic teaching on marriage.<ref>[http://www.adw.org/family/marriage_ssm.asp Archdiocese of Washington website – Same Sex Marriage ]</ref> After the ''[[Washington Post]]'' characterized the archdiocese as giving an "ultimatum" to the city,<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/11/AR2009111116943.html Catholic Church gives D.C. ultimatum]</ref> Wuerl clarified the Church's position in a letter to the Post, stating there was "no threat or ultimatum to end services, just a simple recognition that the new requirements by the city for religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages in their policies could restrict our ability to provide the same level of services as we do now."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/21/AR2009112101818.html D.C.'s same-sex marriage bill: Finding the right balance]</ref> In December 2009, on the day of the bill's passage, same-sex marriage advocates still claimed that Wuerl had "refused to alter his official position" to reduce social services in the archdiocese.<ref>Solmonese, J. : ''Unbelievable (mass email)'', Washington, December 15, 2009.</ref> On the same day the archdiocese, though expressing its view that the bill did not adequately protect religious liberty, nonetheless affirmed its commitment to serving the needs of the poor and its hope for "working in partnership with the District of Columbia consistent with the mission of the Catholic Church."<ref>[http://www.adw.org/news/news.asp?ID=714&Year=2009 Archdiocese of Washington Website – News Release]</ref> However, reflecting the requirements of the newly-enacted law upon adoption services in the District of Columbia, Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Washington was forced to end its foster care and public adoption program because it could not license same-sex couples for the program.<ref>[http://cathstan.org/main.asp?Search=1&ArticleID=3551&SectionID=2&SubSectionID=27&S=1 Catholic Standard – Online Edition]</ref>

== Criticism with Regard to the Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite ==

Some traditionalist Catholics criticized a letter that Wuerl issued in response to ''[[Summorum Pontificum]]''. The letter stated that "his permission must be received prior to making any ''permanent'' commitments by a parish for the public celebration, on a regular basis, of the 1962 form of the Roman liturgy as an [[extraordinary form of the Roman Rite]]." Wuerl argued in his letter that this restriction is in accord with Article 5 of ''Summorum Pontificum'', which states that "public or regularly scheduled Masses be offered under the guidance of the bishop in accordance with canon 392, avoiding discord and favoring the unity of the whole Church."<ref>[http://wdtprs.com/blog/2008/01/archd-of-washington-dc-over-complicating-summorum-pontificum/ Letter to priests] (emphasis added)</ref>

The full text of Article 5, Section 1 of ''Summorum Pontificum'' is as follows. It contains both the admonition to pastors to establish an extraordinary form when there is a stable group of faithful, and the provision that the pastor act under the guidance of his bishop in the manner Wuerl attempts to establish in the letter mentioned above:

:Art. 5. § 1 : ''In parishes, where there is a stable group of faithful who adhere to the earlier liturgical tradition, the pastor should willingly accept their requests to celebrate the Mass according to the rite of the Roman Missal published in 1962, and ensure that the welfare of these faithful harmonises with the ordinary pastoral care of the parish, under the guidance of the bishop in accordance with canon 392, avoiding discord and favouring the unity of the whole Church.''

In part to further clarify the interaction of Can. 392 and Article 5 of Summorum Pontificum, the Holy See issued [http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_commissions/ecclsdei/documents/rc_com_ecclsdei_doc_20110430_istr-universae-ecclesiae_en.html#_ftnref6 "Universae Ecclesiae"] on April 30, 2011. The relevant paragraphs of that document say:

:''13. Diocesan Bishops, according to Canon Law, are to monitor liturgical matters in order to guarantee the common good and to ensure that everything is proceeding in peace and serenity in their Dioceses, always in agreement with the mens of the Holy Father clearly expressed by the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum. In cases of controversy or well-founded doubt about the celebration in the forma extraordinaria, the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei will adjudicate.

:
:''14. It is the task of the Diocesan Bishop to undertake all necessary measures to ensure respect for the forma extraordinaria of the Roman Rite, according to the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum.''''

A footnote (#6) in paragraph 13 seeks to clarify what "the mens of the Holy Father" refers to in this case. It directs the reader to the [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/letters/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_let_20070707_lettera-vescovi_en.html letter to bishops which accompanies Summorum Pontificum]. The part of that letter which is germane to Can. 392 is the following:

:''In conclusion, dear Brothers, I very much wish to stress that these new norms do not in any way lessen your own authority and responsibility, either for the liturgy or for the pastoral care of your faithful. Each Bishop, in fact, is the moderator of the liturgy in his own Diocese (cf. Sacrosanctum Concilium, 22: “Sacrae Liturgiae moderatio ab Ecclesiae auctoritate unice pendet quae quidem est apud Apostolicam Sedem et, ad normam iuris, apud Episcopum”).

:
:''Nothing is taken away, then, from the authority of the Bishop, whose role remains that of being watchful that all is done in peace and serenity. Should some problem arise which the parish priest cannot resolve, the local Ordinary will always be able to intervene, in full harmony, however, with all that has been laid down by the new norms of the Motu Proprio.''''

== Bibliography ==

* ''The Forty Martyrs: New Saints of England and Wales'', (Huntington: Our Sunday Visitor, 1971)
* ''Fathers of the Church'', (Huntington: Our Sunday Visitor, 1975)
* ''The Catholic Priesthood Today'', (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1976)
* ''The Teaching of Christ: A Catholic Catechism for Adults'', (Huntington: Our Sunday Visitor, 1976)
* ''A Visit to the Vatican: For Young People'', (Boston: St. Paul Editions, 1981)
* ''The Gift of Faith: A Question and Answer Version of The Teaching of Christ'', (Huntington: Our Sunday Visitor, 2001)
* ''The Catholic Way: Faith for Living Today'', (New York: Doubleday, 2001)
* ''The Sacraments: A Continuing Encounter with Christ'', (Our Sunday Visitor, 2010)
* ''The Mass: The Glory, The Mystery, The Tradition'', (New York: Doubleday, 2011)
* ''The Gift of Blessed John Paul II'', (Frederick, MD: The Word Among Us Press, 2011)
* ''Seek First the Kingdom: Challenging the Culture by Living Our Faith'', (Huntington: Our Sunday Visitor, 2011)

===Pastoral letters as Archbishop of Washington===
* [http://www.adw.org/pastoral/pdf/ADW_PastoralNewE_Eng.pdf "Disciples of the Lord: Sharing the Vision"], August 23, 2010
* [http://site.adw.org/pdfs/wuerl_pastoral_en.pdf "God's Mercy and Loving Presence"], January 3, 2010
* [http://site.adw.org/pdfs/09Lent_pastoral.pdf "Belonging to God's Family"], January 25, 2009
* [http://site.adw.org/pdfs/08EdPastoral.pdf "Catholic Education: Looking to the Future with Confidence"], September 14, 2008
* [http://site.adw.org/pdfs/08tlio_pastoral.pdf "Reflections on God's Mercy And Our Forgiveness"], January 1, 2008
* [http://site.adw.org/pdfs/07tlioPastoral.pdf "God's Mercy and the Sacrament of Penance"], January 8, 2007

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

=== Sources ===
* {{Citation | author=Glenn, Francis A. | title=Shepherds of the Faith 1843–1993: A Brief History of the Bishops of the Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh | publisher=Pittsburgh: Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh | year=1993 | id=ISBN none}}

== External links ==
* [http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bwuerl.html Catholic Hierarchy website]
* [http://www.diopitt.org/wel_former_bishops.php Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh History of Bishops webpage]
* [http://www.renewamerica.us/columns/abbott/060518 Criticism of Archbishop Donald Wuerl]
* [http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS139901+18-Apr-2008+PRN20080418 Schools Controversy in Archdiocese of Washington]

== Episcopal succession ==

{{Episcopal succession
| date of consecration = January 6, 1986
| consecrated by = [[Pope John Paul II]]
| bishop 1 = [[William J. Winter|William Joseph Winter]]
| consecration date 1 = February 13, 1989
| bishop 2 = [[Thomas Joseph Tobin]]
| consecration date 2 = December 27, 1992
| bishop 3 = [[David Zubik]]
| consecration date 3 = April 6, 1997
| bishop 4 = [[Paul J. Bradley|Paul Joseph Bradley]]
| consecration date 4 = February 2, 2005
| bishop 5 = [[Herbert Bevard|Herbert Armstrong Bevard]]
| consecration date 5 = September 3, 2008
| bishop 6 = [[Barry Christopher Knestout]]
| consecration date 6 = December 29, 2008
}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box
| title = Titular Bishop of Rossmarkaeum
| before = Marcel André J. Gervais
| after = [[William G. Curlin]]
| years = 1985–1988}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh|Bishop of Pittsburgh]]
| before = [[Anthony Bevilacqua]]
| after = [[David Zubik]]
| years = 1988–2006 }}
{{succession box
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington|Archbishop of Washington]]
| before = [[Theodore McCarrick]]
| after = [[Incumbent]]
| years = 2006–present }}
{{succession box
| title = [[San Pietro in Vincoli|Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Vincoli]]
| before = [[Pio Laghi]]
| after = [[Incumbent]]
| years = 2010–present }}
{{s-end}}

{{RC Archdiocese of Washington}}

{{commons category|Donald Wuerl}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=11088272}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Wuerl, Donald W.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American cardinal
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| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wuerl, Donald W.}}
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[[it:Donald William Wuerl]]
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[[pt:Donald William Wuerl]]
[[ru:Вюрл, Дональд Уильям]]

User talk:86.40.21.172

2013-02-13T19:53:40Z

190.29.71.51: message

I'm SajoR. I'm making the coats of arms of cardinals who are living. Do you have knowledge about heraldry?. do not understand why you reject the new coat of arms, and prefers previous versions in some cases have serious errors or aesthetic defects. If new shields have errors, please let me know.

The message was translated by an online translator, sorry for the mistakes. [[commons:User:SajoR|SajoR]] --[[Special:Contributions/190.29.71.51|190.29.71.51]] ([[User talk:190.29.71.51|talk]]) 19:53, 13 February 2013 (UTC)

Giovanni Cheli

2013-02-13T16:26:37Z

190.29.71.51:

{{Infobox cardinalstyles
| image = Coat of arms of Giovanni Cheli.svg
| image_size=200px
| cardinal name=Giovanni Cheli
| dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]
| offstyle=Your Eminence
| relstyle=[[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]]
| deathstyle=not applicable
| see= Santa Giusta ([[titular see]]) |
}}
'''Giovanni Cheli''' (4 October 1918 – 8 February 2013) was a [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]<ref name=Death>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzettadelsud.it/news/english/33794/Cardinal-Giovanni-Cheli-dies--94-years-old.html |title=Cardinal Giovanni Cheli dies, 94 years old - GazzettaDelSud |publisher=Gazzettadelsud.it |date= |accessdate=2013-02-08}}</ref> and was, along with [[Achille Silvestrini]] and [[Pio Laghi]], one of the most prominent [[Holy See|Vatican]] [[diplomat]]s under [[Pope John Paul II]].

==Early life and ordination==
Cheli was born in [[Turin]], [[Italy]]. He was educated at the seminary of Asti and soon developed his skills in [[canon law]]. At the [[Pontifical Lateran University]] in Rome he obtained his doctorate in that subject in 1942 and was ordained on 21 April of that year. Cheli returned to the parish of Asti and became diocesan vice-counselor of the ''Young Men of [[Catholic Action]]'', and after pastoral work in Rome, he entered the Vatican diplomatic service in 1952. At first, Cheli had the minor role of [[attaché]] of the nunciature in [[Guatemala]], but rose to more important roles in [[Spain]] and Italy itself. During this period Cheli continued to do pastoral work in [[Madrid]] and later he worked for the Pontifical Council for Public Affairs from 1967 to 1973.

==Church diplomat==
Cheli's place as a major Vatican diplomat, however, was secured only when he became a permanent representative of the Holy See to the [[United Nations]] in 1973 and again in 1976. By this time Cheli was known for his knowledge of the problems the Vatican encountered relating to the [[Communist]] nations of Eastern Europe, and it was natural that he would soon become a bishop - which he did in 1978, unusually being consecrated during the short reign of [[Pope John Paul I]]. His combination of knowledge of the Curia and pastoral-mindedness fitted Cheli perfectly for the role of President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, which he held continuously for two decades following the start of John Paul II's reign as Pope.

==Cardinal==
John Paul II created Cheli [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[Ss. Cosma e Damiano]]'' in the [[consistory]] of February 24, 1998. This was seen as a reward for his service as a Vatican diplomat, but his elevation was almost an anticlimax because within a year he had passed the age limit for voting in a conclave.

He had been decorated among others with the [[Order of Isabel the Catholic]], and named commendatore of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]; and of the Verdienstkreuz of the Federal Republic of Germany.

==Views==
===Invasion of Iraq===
In other respects, too, Cheli has become strangely outspoken for a cardinal appointed by John Paul II. He has been the most vehement critic in the Church of the US invasion of [[Iraq]] since 2001.

===Age limit for Cardinals===
After turning eighty, Cardinals Cheli and Silvestrini came to be seen as the bluntest critics of the rule on over-age cardinals, with Cheli on Silvestrini's eightieth birthday (five years after himself turning eighty) saying to ''[[The Observer]]'' in December 2003: ''"It is a great deprivation for cardinals. Perhaps different limits can be used in future. Perhaps those whose minds have gone should not vote. We all know who they are. And some of them are in their seventies."''

===Curial appointments===
More recently, he had voiced his criticism of some of [[Pope Benedict XVI]]'s appointments within the Roman Curia:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/67801?eng=y |title=A Change of Tune in the Vatican – And Not Only in the Secretariat of State |publisher=Chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it |date= |accessdate=2013-02-08}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2009|Cheli doesn't seem to be mentioned in the article}} Cheli believes Benedict is failing to take [[diplomat]]ic experience adequately into account when choosing prelates for the Secretariat of State. On 1 March 2008 he was elevated to [[Cardinal Priest]]. His titular deaconry was elevated [[pro hac vice]] to title after 10 years as a cardinal deacon.

==Death==
Cardinal Cheli died on 8 February 2013 of natural causes at the age of 94. His funeral will be held on 9 February at [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in [[Vatican City]] with Cardinal [[Angelo Sodano]] giving the [[Mass (Catholic Church)|Mass]].<ref name=Death/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-c.htm#Cheli Biography]

{{start box}}
{{succession box |
title=[[Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations]] |
before=Alberto Giovannetti |
after=[[Renato Raffaele Martino]] |
years=25 July 1973–18 September 1986 }}
{{end box}}

{{Persondata 
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
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| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 7 February 2013
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
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[[Category:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni]]
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[[ru:Кели, Джованни]]
[[sl:Giovanni Cheli]]
[[fi:Giovanni Cheli]]

João Braz de Aviz

2013-02-13T16:24:57Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = João Braz de Aviz
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]
| image = Joao braz de aviz.jpg
| image_size =
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| caption =
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| province =
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| elected =
| appointed = 4 January 2011
| term =
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Franc Rode]], CM
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Deacon of Sant’Elena fuori Porta Prenestina

| ordination = 26 November 1972
| ordinated_by = [[Romeu Alberti]]
| consecration = 31 May 1994
| consecrated_by = [[Domingos Gabriel Wisniewski]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Deacon

| birth_name = João Braz de Aviz
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|04|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Mafra, Brazil
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
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| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Auxiliary Bishop of Vitória, Espirito Santo (1994–1998)|Titular Bishop of Flenucleta (1994–1998)|Bishop of Ponta Grossa, Parana (1998–2002)|Archbishop of Maringá, Parana (2002–2004)|Archbishop of Brasília, Distrito Federal (2004–2011)}}
| alma_mater =
| motto = Omnes Unum Sint (All May Be One)
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of João Braz de Aviz.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
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{{Infobox cardinal styles |
name=João Braz de Aviz|
image=Coat of arms of João Braz de Aviz.svg|
image_size =200px|
dipstyle=[[His Eminence]] |
offstyle=[[Your Eminence]] |
relstyle=[[Cardinal]] |
deathstyle=not applicable |}}
'''João Braz de Aviz''' ({{IPA-pt|ʒu'ɐ̃w 'bɾas dʒi a'vis|br}}, born 24 April 1947) is the current [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]] since his appointment by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 4 January 2011.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26651.php?index=26651&lang=en RINUNCIA E SUCCESSIONE DEL PREFETTO DELLA CONGREGAZIONE PER GLI ISTITUTI DI VITA CONSACRATA E LE SOCIETÀ DI VITA APOSTOLICA]</ref>

==Early life and education==
Braz de Aviz was born in [[Mafra, Santa Catarina|Mafra]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Joinville|Diocese of Joinville]], [[Santa Catarina State|Santa Catarina]] in 1947. He has four brothers and three sisters – the youngest sister has Down’s syndrome. After attending his philosophical studies at the Major Seminary "Rainha dos Apostolos" in Curitiba and the Faculty of [[Palmas, Paraná|Palmas]], has completed his theological studies in Rome at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], obtaining a license, and at the [[Pontifical Lateran University]], where he graduated in 1992 in [[dogmatic theology]].

==Career==
Braz de Aviz was ordained priest 26 November 1972 and the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Apucarana|diocese of Apucarana]], played his ministry as a parish priest in several parishes, as Rector of the Major Seminary Apucarana and Londrina, and as professor of dogmatic theology at the Theological Institute [[Paul VI]] in Londrina. He was also member of the [[Presbyteral Council|Council of Priests]] and the College of Consultors and General Coordinator of the Diocesan Pastoral Apucarana. As a young priest Braz de Aviz was once on his way to a village to say Mass when he stumbled upon an armored car robbery. He was shot during the crossfire, with bullets perforating his lungs and intestines and one eye. Although he survived and surgeons were able to save his eye, he still carries fragments of those bullets in his body.<ref>[http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/vaticans-point-man-religious-life-weve-started-listen-again Vatican's point man for religious life: 'We've started to listen again']</ref>

On 6 April 1994, he was appointed to the [[Titular see|titular bishop]] of ''Flenucleta'' as auxiliary of the [[Archdiocese of Vitória]], and received episcopal ordination on 31 May of that year. He was transferred as [[Ordinary (officer)|ordinary]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ponta Grossa]] on 12 August 1998 by [[Pope John Paul II]]. He was promoted to [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maringá|archbishop of Maringá]] on 17 July 2002 where he served until he was appointed [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brasilia|archbishop of Brasília]] on 28 January 2004. In May 2010 he organised the XVI National Eucharistic Congress, to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the city.

On 4 January 2011, Archbishop Braz de Aviz, who is not a member of a religious order, was appointed to his current post. Since 1973, prelates ordained for religious orders and for dioceses have alternated in holding the post of prefect of the congregation overseeing religious in the Catholic Church. In the past 100 years, 11 of the 18 prefects did not belong to a religious order.

Archbishop Braz de Aviz becomes the fourth Brazilian to head a Vatican department, after Cardinal [[Agnelo Rossi]], who led the [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] from 1970 to 1984, Cardinal [[Lucas Moreira Neves]], who headed the [[Congregation for Bishops]] from 1998 to 2000; and Cardinal [[Cláudio Hummes]], who was once the Archbishop of São Paulo and who headed the [[Congregation for Clergy]] from 2006 to 2010.<ref>[http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/new-vatican-head-religious-life-comes-without-agenda New Vatican head of religious life comes without agenda]</ref>

In February 2011, Archbishop Braz de Aviz said he almost abandoned the seminary and the Catholic Church because of the ideological excesses that emerged in the early years of [[liberation theology]]. He said in an interview with the Vatican newspaper, ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]'' that "''Personally, I lived with a lot of anguish during the years of the birth of liberation theology,''" Archbishop Braz de Aviz said he appreciated that liberation theology promoted the preferential option for the poor, which represents "the church's sincere and responsible concern for the vast phenomenon of social exclusion." He said consecrated men and women need to explore more deeply the mystery of God to strengthen their relationships with others.<ref>[http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1100427.htm Liberation theology nearly drove Brazilian archbishop from church]</ref>

In July 2011, he referred to a breakdown in trust between the Vatican and many religious orders because of "some positions taken previously." The reference is to his predecessor, Slovenian [[Franc Rode]], who repeatedly decried a “crisis” in religious life following the Second Vatican Council (1962–65), related in part to what Rode regarded as excessively liberalizing currents in some communities.
Without denying that there are problems, Braz said, his main aim is to “rebuild trust” by approaching issues in a new way – “without preemptive condemnations,” he said, “and by listening to people’s concerns.”<ref>[http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/vaticans-point-man-religious-life-weve-started-listen-again Vatican's point man for religious life: 'We've started to listen again']</ref>

It was announced on 6 January 2012 that Archbishop Braz de Aviz would be created a cardinal along with 21 others on 18 February. He was created [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[List of titular churches in Rome|Sant’Elena fuori Porta Prenestina]]''. On 21 April 2012 Cardinal Braz de Aviz was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Clergy]] and the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29094.php?index=29094&po_date=21.04.2012&lang=en]</ref>

===Papabile===
On 11 February 2013, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] announced that he will resign on 28 February 2013. Braz de Aviz is cited as one of the Papabili or potential popes.<ref>{{cite news|last=Heneghan|first=Tom|title=With Benedict resigning, can Latin American claim papacy?| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/11/us-pope-succession-candidates-idUSBRE91A0FL20130211|accessdate=11 February 2013|newspaper=Reuters|date=11 February 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Murilo Ramos Krieger]], SCI}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ponta Grossa|Bishop of Ponta Grossa]]|years=12 August 1998 – 17 July 2002}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sérgio Arthur Braschi]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=Murilo Ramos Krieger, SCI}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maringá|Archbishop of Maringá]]|years=17 July 2002 – 28 January 2004}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Anuar Battisti]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[José Freire Falcão]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brasília|Archbishop of Brasília]]|years=28 January 2004 – 4 January 2011}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sérgio da Rocha]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Franc Rode]], C.M.}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]|years=4 January 2011 – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

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| NAME = Braz De Aviz, Joao
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| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Braz De Aviz, Joao}}
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[[pt:João Braz de Aviz]]
[[ru:Брас ди Авис, Жуан]]
[[uk:Жуан Брас де Авіс]]

Fernando Filoni

2013-02-13T16:24:01Z

190.29.71.51: correct new coat of arms

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian Leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Fernando Filoni
| honorific-suffix = [[J.C.D.]], [[Ph.D.]]
| archbishop_of = Volturnum
| title = [[Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]]
| image = 114 News Cittadinanzaonoraria020.jpg
| caption = Delivery of the honorary citizenship of the town of [[Galatone]] to Archbishop Fernando Filoni (2007)
| province =
| diocese =
| see = [[Volturnum]] (titular see)
| appointed = 10 May 2011
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Ivan Dias]]
| title= Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
| publisher=
| successor =
| ordination = 3 July 1979
| ordinated_by=[[Antonio Rosario Mennonna]]
| consecration = 19 March 2001
| consecrated_by=[[John Paul II]] assisted by [[Angelo Sodano]] and [[Giovanni Battista Re]]
| other_post = {{unbulleted list|President of the Interdicasterial Commission for Consecrated Religious|Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Urbaniana University|Cardinal-Deacon of Nostra Signora di Coromoto in San Giovanni di Dio}}
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Deacon
| birth_name = Fernando Filoni
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|4|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manduria]], [[Italy]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = Italian
| religion = Roman Catholic
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Apostolic Nuncio to Iraq (2001–2006)|Apostolic Nuncio to Jordan (2001–2006)|Apostolic Nuncio to Philippines (2006–2007)|Substitute of the Secretariat of State (2007–2011)}}
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| alma_mater = [[Pontifical Lateran University]]
| signature =
| motto = {{unbulleted list|Lumen Gentium Christus|(Christ, Light of the nations)}}
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Fernando Filoni.svg
}}
{{Infobox cardinal styles
| cardinal name =Fernando Filoni
| dipstyle = His Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| relstyle =
| See =
| image = Coat of arms of Fernando Filoni.svg
| image_size = 200px
}}
'''Fernando Filoni''' (15 April 1946) is a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Cardinal and current [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples|Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] with the [[Roman Curia]] since his appointment by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 10 May 2011. Cardinal Filoni is an expert in Chinese affairs and on the [[Middle East]].<ref>[http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/20370.php?index=20370&lang=it RINUNCE E NOMINE 09.06.2007]</ref>

==Education and early diplomatic work==

He was born near [[Taranto]], [[Italy]]. He entered the seminary and earned [[doctorate]]s in [[Philosophy]] and in [[Canon Law]] from the [[Pontifical Lateran University]] where then-Father [[Tarcisio Bertone]], [[S.D.B.]], later the Vatican Secretary of State, served as a Guest Professor in 1978. He was ordained as a Priest on 3 July 1970. He served in the Nunciatures of [[Sri Lanka]] from 1982 until 1983, [[Iran]] from 1983–1985, [[Brasil]] from 1989–1992 and finally the [[Philippines]] from 1992 until 2001. Although formally assigned to the [[Apostolic Nunciature to the Philippines]] he was based in Hong Kong. During these years he spent his most intense and important period of work, on the [[Holy See]]’s so-called “Study Mission”, linked to the Manila Nunciature. During this time Archbishop Filoni was [[Blessed Pope John Paul II]]’s bridge, reaching out to China’s bishops, official and [[Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association|non-official]] Churches and bishops, reconciling the vast majority to the Holy See.

==Apostolic Nuncio==

Pope John Paul II appointed Father Filoni as the [[Apostolic Nuncio]] to [[Iraq]] and [[Jordan]] on 17 January 2001, becoming [[Titular see|Titular]] [[Archbishop]] of ''Volturnum''. He received Episcopal Ordination from Pope John Paul on 19 March 2001.

Archbishop Filoni defended the freedom of the [[Catholic Church]] in Iraq under the regime of [[Saddam Hussein]] and – in line with the Pope’s position – opposed the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|US invasion of the country]]. He remained in [[Baghdad]] as American bombs fell, the only ambassador to do so, refusing to leave the capital, to which he says that "''It was nothing exceptional''". After the fall of Saddam he did not fail to notice some new aspects of peoples new found freedom. Yet he also warned against the [[Reconstruction of Iraq|lack of security and the slow development of the economy]], while supporting the new [[Constitution of Iraq|constitution]] and supporting the peaceful coexistence between Christians and [[Islam|Muslims]].

He came close to being killed in Baghdad on 1 February 2006, when a car bomb exploded next to the nunciature. "''Thank God we survived''" he stated afterward. He served in Iraq and Jordan until 25 February 2006 when he returned to the Philippines as the Nuncio.

==Roman Curia==
Pope Benedict appointed Archbishop Filoni [[Secretariat of State (Vatican)|Substitute for General Affairs]] on 9 June 2007, formally taking office on 1 July.

It was Filoni's job to organise the activities of the [[Roman Curia|Curia]] and the care of official translations of papal documents and correspondence; encryption dispatches messengers to be sent to the Registry of the papal letters, the resolution of legal issues, personnel management in the Curia and nunciatures (promotions and advances), the protocol and etiquette for visiting heads of state, information and media management Vatican archive management to shipping the blessings of the Pope. He is also responsible for organizing the activities of nuncios around the world in their activities concerning the local churches. As well as speaking his native Italian he also speaks English, Spanish, French and Portuguese.

Commenting on his appointment he said: “''It is an act of paternal benevolence on the part of the [[Pope|Pontiff]], to which I respond without the slightest trepidation, but with the same willingness and profound gratitude I have had in the past. The wonderful words of [[Jesus Christ|Our Lord]] aid me at this time, those found in [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] (17, 10), on the attitude of those called into the Christ’s service: ‘When you have done all you have been commanded, say, 'We are unprofitable servants; we have done what we were obliged to do'.''”.

In 2008 Archbishop Filoni was awarded the Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]].<ref>[http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=305903]</ref>

On 10 May 2011, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Filoni Prefect of the [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] in succession to Cardinal [[Ivan Dias]], who had reached retirement age and had worsening [[diabetes]]. The Prefect oversees the Catholic mission territories and is traditionally dubbed the "Red Pope" as a reflection of both the power of his congregation and the red vestments of the Cardinal Prefect. The office's sizable resources (furnished by income from its long-maintained Roman real-estate holdings) provide a significant amount of funding to the efforts of the developing church, and the congregation's cardinals are responsible for recommending [[Appointment of Catholic bishops|appointees to the episcopacy]] in mission areas, mainly African and Asian countries, a task that falls to the [[Congregation for Bishops]] in more established locales. Archbishop [[Savio Hon Tai-Fai]] is Secretary (Filoni's deputy) of the Congregation. Their knowledge of China and the government-controlled Chinese church will be crucial in resolving the long standing issue [[People's Republic of China – Holy See relations|between the two entities]].

It was announced on 6 January that he would be created a cardinal on 18 February. He was created [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[Nostra Signora di Coromoto in San Giovanni di Dio]]''. On 24 April 2012 Cardinal Filoni was made a member of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]], and the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29094.php?index=29094&po_date=21.04.2012&lang=en]</ref> On 24 November 2012 he was appointed a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/30094.php?index=30094&po_date=24.11.2012&lang=en]</ref> He will hold these memberships until his 80th birthday.

==References==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo.asp?id=3652 30 Days interview]
* [http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=9507&size=A Asia News reporting his appointment]
* [http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_78473_l3.htm 2012 30 Days interview]

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Giuseppe Lazzarotto]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Iraq]]|years=17 January 2001 – 25 February 2006}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Francis Chullikatt]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Jordan]]|years=17 January 2001 – 25 February 2006}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Antonio Franco]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to the Philippines|Apostolic Nuncio to the Philippines]]|years=25 February 2006 – 9 June 2007}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Edward Joseph Adams]]}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Leonardo Sandri]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Substitute for General Affairs]]|years=1 July 2007 – 10 May 2011}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Giovanni Angelo Becciu]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[Ivan Dias]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples|Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]]|years=10 May 2011–present}}
{{s-inc|rows=3}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Interdicasterial Commission for Consecrated Religious|President of the Interdicasterial Commission for Consecrated Religious]]|years=10 May 2011–present}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Pontifical Urbaniana University|Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Urbaniana University]]|years=10 May 2011–present}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=78798798}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Filoni, Fernando
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 15 April 1946
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Manduria]], [[Italy]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Filoni, Fernando}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
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[[Category:Expatriates in Iraq]]
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[[Category:Pontifical Lateran University alumni]]
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[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
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[[cs:Fernando Filoni]]
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[[pt:Fernando Filoni]]
[[ru:Филони, Фернандо]]

Giuseppe Bertello

2013-02-13T16:22:59Z

190.29.71.51: correct new coat of arms

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Giuseppe Bertello
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[President of the Governatorate of Vatican City State]] & [[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]]
| image =
| image_size = 210px
| alt =
| caption =
| church =
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 1 October 2011
| term =
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Giovanni Lajolo]]
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = {{unbulleted list|Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia|President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State}}

| ordination = 29 June 1966
| ordinated_by = [[Albino Mensa]]
| consecration = 28 November 1987
| consecrated_by = [[Agostino Casaroli]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Deacon

| birth_name = Giuseppe Bertello
| birth_date = {{birthdateandage|1942|10|01|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Foglizzo]], Italy
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = Italian
| religion = [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Benin (1987–1991)|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Ghana (1987–1991)|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Togo (1987–1991)|Apostolic Nuncio to Rwanda (1991–1995)|Apostolic Nuncio to the United Nations in Geneva (1995–2000)|Apostolic Nuncio to México (2000–2007)|Apostolic Nuncio to Italy (2007–2011)|Apostolic Nuncio to San Marino (2007–2011)}}
| alma_mater =
| motto = Narrabo Nomen Tuum
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Giuseppe Bertello.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
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| canonized_date =
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| other =
}}

{{Infobox cardinal styles
|name = Giuseppe Bertello
|image = Coat of arms of Giuseppe Bertello.svg
|image_size = 200px
|dipstyle = [[His Eminence]]
|offstyle = [[Eminence|Your Eminence]]
|relstyle = [[Cardinal (Catholic)|Cardinal]]
|deathstyle =
}}
'''Giuseppe Bertello''' (born 1 October 1942) is a Catholic [[prelate]] and [[Cardinal (Catholic)|Cardinal]] currently serving as the [[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]] and President of the Governorate of [[Vatican City State]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/27976.php?index=27976&lang=en|title=Rinuncia del Presidente della Pontificia Commissione per lö Stato della Città del Vaticano e Presidente del Governatorato del Medesimo Stato e Nomina del Successore|publisher=[[Holy See Press Office]]|language=Italian|accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref>

==Early life==

Bertello was ordained a priest on 29 June 1966 by then-Bishop Albino Mensa. He earned a [[licence]] in pastoral [[theology]] and a [[doctorate]] in [[canon law]]. He went on to attend the [[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]] where he studied [[diplomacy]].

==Diplomatic service==
He entered the diplomatic service of the [[Holy See]] in 1971, and worked until 1973 in the nunciature to the [[Sudan]], which was also the apostolic delegation for the Red Sea region. From 1973 to 1976, he was secretary at the nunciature to [[Turkey]], becoming a [[Chaplain of His Holiness]] on 9 February 1976. He was secretary in the nunciature to [[Venezuela]] from 1976 to 1981, and served with the rank of auditor in the Office of the Organization of the United Nations in Geneva from 1981 to 1987. In 1987, he headed the delegation of observers of the Holy See to the Conference of Foreign Ministers of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries in [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]] where he was the first Catholic priest to be able to visit the small Catholic community of that country, isolated since the Korean War.

On 17 October 1987, [[Pope John Paul II]] named him [[Titular Archbishop]] of ''[[Archaeological Park of Urbs Salvia|Urbs Salvia]]'' and appointed him [[Apostolic Nuncio]] to [[Ghana]], [[Togo]] and [[Benin]]. He was [[consecrated]] on 28 November by [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] [[Agostino Casaroli]], with Bishops Albino Mensa and Luigi Bettazzi as the principal co-consecrators. On 12 January 1991, he was transferred to [[Rwanda]], where 1994 saw the most dramatic phase of the war between the [[Hutus]] and [[Tutsis]].

In March 1995, John Paul II appointed him to the [[United Nations]] in [[Geneva]]. He held the post of [[Permanent Observer of Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva]] from 1997, with the same role at the [[World Trade Organization]]. Upon his appointment Bertello negotiated the ingress of the Holy See as permanent observer, in the World Trade Organization, becoming its first representative.

On 27 December 2000, the [[Pope]] entrusted him with another task, that of [[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico]]. On 30 July 2002, he received the Pope arriving on an apostolic visit in the country for the [[canonisation]] of [[Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin]]. In 2007, Bertello was appointed to the prestigious post of apostolic nuncio to Italy and the [[Republic of San Marino]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].

In 2008 Archbishop Bertello was awarded the Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]].<ref>[http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=305897]</ref>

==Curial work==

On 3 September 2011, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Archbishop Bertello [[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]] and President of the Governorate of [[Vatican City State]], offices assumed on 1 October 2011, his 69th birthday.
On 6 January 2012, Pope Benedict announced that Archbishop Bertello and 21 others would be created cardinals in a consistory on 18 February. He was created [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia]]'' on 18 February. On 21 April Cardinal Bertello was appointed, for the usual five-year period,<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19880628_pastor-bonus_en.html ''Pastor Bonus'', article 5 §1]</ref> a member of the [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]], the [[Congregation for Bishops]] and the [[Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace]].

Cardinal Bertello's 80th birthday, when he will cease to have the right to enter a conclave called for a vacancy caused by the death of a pope before that date, will be in 2022.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[José Roberto López Londoño]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Titular Archbishop of Urbs Salvia ''[[pro hac vice]]''|years=17 October 1987 – 18 February 2012}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Georg Gänswein]]}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Giovanni Lajolo]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President of the Governorate of the Vatican]]|years=1 October 2011–present}}
{{s-inc|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President of the Pontifical Commission of the Vatican]]|years=1 October 2011–present}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Umberto Betti]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia]]|years=18 February 2012–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Paul Fouad Tabet]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Permanent Observer of Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva|Apostolic Nuncio to the United Nations in Geneva]]|years=March 1995 – 27 December 2000}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Diarmuid Martin]]}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico]]|years=27 December 2000 – 11 January 2007}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Christophe Pierre]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Paolo Romeo]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Holy See – Italy relations|Apostolic Nuncio to Italy and San Marino]]|years=11 January 2007 – 1 October 2011}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Adriano Bernardini]]}}
{{end box}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Bertelo, Giuseppe
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1 October 1942
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Foglizzo]], [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Italy]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bertelo, Giuseppe}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholics]]
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[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Ghana]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Italy]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Mexico]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Rwanda]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Togo]]
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[[Category:Roman Catholic titular archbishops]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]

[[ar:جيوسيبي برتلو]]
[[cs:Giuseppe Bertello]]
[[de:Giuseppe Bertello]]
[[fr:Giuseppe Bertello]]
[[it:Giuseppe Bertello]]
[[la:Iosephus Bertello]]
[[nl:Giuseppe Bertello]]
[[pl:Giuseppe Bertello]]
[[pt:Giuseppe Bertello]]
[[ru:Бертелло, Джузеппе]]
[[tr:Giuseppe Bertello]]

Marc Ouellet

2013-02-13T16:21:56Z

190.29.71.51: correct new coat of arms

{{More footnotes|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Marc Ouellet
| honorific-suffix =[[Society of St. Sulpice|P.S.S.]]
| title = [[Congregation for Bishops|Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops]]
| image = Cardinalouellet.jpg
| caption =
| province =
| diocese =
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|Quebec (Emeritus)]]
| appointed = 30 June 2010
| enthroned =
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Giovanni Battista Re]]
| successor =
| other_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Santa Maria in Traspontina|Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Traspontina]]|[[Pontifical Commission for Latin America|President of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America]]}}
| ordination = 25 May 1968
| ordinated_by = [[Gaston Hains]]
| consecration = 19 March 2001
| consecrated_by = [[Pope John Paul II]]
| cardinal = 21 October 2003
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| birth_name =Marc Armand Ouellet
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1944|6|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[La Motte, Quebec]], [[Canada]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Canadian
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| parents = Pierre Ouellet (Father) and Graziella Michaud (Mother)
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Titular Archbishop of Acropolis (2001–2002)|[[Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity|Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity]] (2001–2003)|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|Archbishop of Quebec]] (2003–2010)}}
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Marc Ouellet.svg
| motto = {{unbulleted list|Ut Unum Sint|(May They be One)}}
}}

'''Marc Ouellet''', [[Society of St. Sulpice|PSS]] (born June 8, 1944 in [[La Motte, Quebec]]) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He is the present prefect of the [[Congregation for Bishops]] and concurrently president of the [[Pontifical Commission for Latin America]] since his appointment by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 30 June 2010. Previously, he was [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|archbishop of Quebec]] and [[Primate (religion)|primate]] of [[Canada]]. He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] by [[Pope John Paul II]], on 21 October 2003.

==Biography==
{{expand section|date=February 2013}}

==Professor and theologian==
Ouellet spent most of his priestly career as a professor and rector in seminaries. He also received a license in [[philosophy]] from the [[Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum)]] (1976), and a [[doctorate]] in [[dogmatic theology]] from the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] (1982).

==Bishop==
Ouellet was named [[titular bishop|titular archbishop]] of ''Agropoli'' and secretary of the [[Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity]] on 3 March 2001. [[Pope John Paul II]] consecrated him as an [[archbishop]], with Cardinals [[Angelo Sodano]] and [[Giovanni Battista Re]] as co-consecrators, on 19 March of the same year in [[St. Peter's Basilica]].

==Archbishop==
On 15 November 2002 he became [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|archbishop of Quebec]] and [[Primate (religion)|Primate]] of [[Canada]]. Installed on 26 January 2003), he has been one of the most staunch defenders of the Catholic faith in the Canadian hierarchy.

Ouellet is fluent in [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[German language|German]]. He is known for his [[missionary]] work in [[South America]].<ref>[http://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/three-possible-popes National Catholic Reporter: "Three Possible Popes" by John L Allen], 4 May 2011</ref>

==Cardinal==
{{Infobox cardinal styles|
cardinal name=Marc Ouellet|
dipstyle=His Eminence|
offstyle=Your Eminence|image=Coat of arms of Marc Ouellet.svg|
image_size=200px|
See=Quebec|}}
He was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Santa Maria in Traspontina]] by John Paul II in the [[consistory]] of 21 October 2003.

He was a [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal elector]] in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]], and numerous observers believed that Ouellet was ''[[papabile]]'' himself. A report said that Ouellet had supported Cardinal Ratzinger, who became [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. Cardinal Ouellet remains eligible to vote future [[Papal Conclave|papal conclaves]] that begin before his 80th birthday on 8 June 2024.

The 2008 [[International Eucharistic Congress]] took place in Québec City, coinciding with the 400th anniversary of the foundation of [[Quebec City]]. Cardinal Ouellet was elected the recorder, or relator-general, of the 12th Ordinary [[Assembly of the Synod of Bishops]] in Rome in early October 2008.

In June 2011 Cardinal Ouellet addressed speculation about his odds in a potential conclave, saying that, for him, being Pope ''"would be a nightmare"''. Ouellet said that while "you can't keep the world from dreaming things up," seeing Pope Benedict's workload at close range makes the prospect of the papacy "not very enviable". He added: "It is a crushing responsibility. It's the kind of thing you don't campaign for."<ref>[http://www.cyberpresse.ca/le-soleil/dossiers/labeaume-a-rome/201106/29/01-4413760-devenir-pape-serait-un-cauchemar-dit-marc-ouellet.php]</ref>

==Roman Curia==

He is the present prefect of the [[Congregation for Bishops]] and president of the [[Pontifical Commission for Latin America]] since his appointment by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 30 June 2010. He succeeded [[Giovanni Battista Re]], who had reached the age limit.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/25814.php?index=25814&lang=en Press Office of the Holy See]</ref>

He is also a member of the [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]], the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]], the [[Congregation for the Clergy]], the [[Pontifical Council for Culture]], the [[Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses]] and the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]]<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26213.php?index=26213&po_date=16.10.2010&lang=en#NOMINA DI MEMBRI DELLA CONGREGAZIONE PER LA DOTTRINA DELLA FEDE NOMINA DI MEMBRI DELLA CONGREGAZIONE PER LA DOTTRINA DELLA FEDE]</ref> These memberships are for five years and are renewable. Being resident in Rome, he is invited to attend not only the plenary meetings of those departments, which in principle are held every year, but also the ordinary meetings. He takes part in the (generally annual) meetings of these bodies, held in Rome. He is also a member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organizational and Economic Affairs of the Holy See. On 5 January 2011 he was appointed among the first members of the newly created [[Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26652.php?index=26652&lang=en#NOMINA DI MEMBRI DEL PONTIFICIO CONSIGLIO PER LA PROMOZIONE DELLA NUOVA EVANGELIZZAZIONE]</ref> On 29 January 2011, Cardinal Ouellet was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as a member of [[Secretariat of State]] (second section)<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26775.php?index=26775&lang=en NOMINA DI MEMBRI DEL CONSIGLIO DI CARDINALI E VESCOVI DELLA SEZIONE PER I RAPPORTI CON GLI STATI DELLA SEGRETERIA DI STATO]</ref> On 6 April 2011, Cardinal Ouellet was named a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts]] by Pope Benedict. On 7 March 2012 he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28883.php?index=28883&lang=en]</ref>

==Views==

===Theology===
Ouellet is associated with ''[[Communio]]'', a journal of theology established by Catholics after the [[Second Vatican Council]], and with [[Hans Urs von Balthasar]], a renowned twentieth-century [[Switzerland|Swiss]] theologian.

===Christian roots of Europe===
In February 2011 Cardinal Ouellet said that the relativisation of the Bible, which denies the value of the Word of God, constitutes a genuine crisis that is both external and internal to the Church. He said "In the last decades, a profound crisis is shaking the foundations of European culture. A new raison d'etat imposes its law and tries to relegate the Christian roots of Europe to a secondary plane. It would seem that, in the name of secularism, the Bible must be relativised, to be dissolved in a religious pluralism and disappear as a normative cultural reference."<ref>[http://www.zenit.org/e-31692 Cardinal Ouellet Warns Against Bible Crisis]</ref>

===Interpretations of the Second Vatican Council===
Ouellet believes that many Catholics interpreted the teachings of the [[Second Vatican Council]] in far too liberal a way and by doing so disconnected from the core of their faith. Relativism led to priests abandoning celibacy, a drop in proper religious education, and a general infusion of leftist politics — all of which was not the intention of the council. Ouellet stated: “After the council, the sense of mission was replaced by the idea of dialogue. That we should dialogue with other faiths and not attempt to bring them the Gospels, to convert. Since then, relativism has been developing more broadly.”<ref>[http://life.nationalpost.com/2010/08/19/canadian-cardinal-to-set-tone-for-church ''National Post'': "Canadian cardinal to set tone for Church"] August 19, 2010</ref>

===Pastoral approach===
A report by the ''[[National Catholic Reporter]]'' anticipating the 2005 papal election placed Ouellet among twenty papal possibilities. ''"[P]eople who have worked with Ouellet," said the report, "describe him as friendly, humble and flexible, and a man not so captive to his own intellectual system as to make him incapable of listening to others."'' {{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

===Catholic education===
Ouellet was sharply critical of the ''Ethics and religious culture'' course of the Quebec education ministry, saying that it relativized the role of faith within the realm of religion and culture.<ref>[http://www.zenit.org/article-19949?l=french ZENIT article]</ref>

===Church persecutions===
Ouellet has stated the Catholic Church is persecuted in contemporary secular Quebec for telling the truth.<ref>[http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=1304093_card_ouellet Ouellet claims Church "persecuted" in Quebec]</ref>

===Public apology===
In a letter published in Quebec [[French-language]] newspapers on November 21, 2007, Cardinal Ouellet publicly apologized for what he described as past "errors" of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Quebec]]. Among the errors he wrote about were attitudes, prior to 1960, which promoted "[[Antisemitism|anti-Semitism]], [[racism]], indifference to [[First Nations]] and [[discrimination]] against [[woman|women]] and [[Homosexuality|homosexual]]s."<ref>[http://www.diocesequebec.qc.ca/babillard/documents/alarecherchedelafiertequebecoise.pdf Lettre ouverte du Cardinal Marc Ouellet – À la recherche de la fierté québécoise (PDF)] – text of the letter in French</ref><ref>[http://www.catholicregister.org/content/view/1302/849/ Cardinal Ouellet's issues mea culpa to Quebec] – English translation of the letter</ref><ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/montreal/story/2007/11/21/archbishop-quebec.html?ref=rss Quebecers reluctantly accept archbishop's apology]</ref><ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/ottawa/story/2007/11/22/qc-cardinal1122.html Surprised by reactions, cardinal insists apology was an 'act of peace']</ref>

Ouellet stated that his letter was written in response to the public reaction to the statement he submitted to the [[Bouchard-Taylor Commission]], and that it was inspired by a similar letter issued in 2000 by [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>John-Henry Westen, [http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2007/nov/07112106.html Reading Quebec Cardinal's Apology to Homosexuals and Women in Context], ''LifeSiteNews.com'', November 21, 2007</ref>

===Abortion===
In May 2010 Ouellet stood by his comments that [[Catholicism and abortion|abortion]] is unjustifiable, even in the case of rape, and urged the [[Government of Canada|federal government]] to help pregnant women keep their child. He said that "''Governments are funding clinics for abortion. I would like equity for organizations that are defending also life. If we have equity in funding those instances to help women I think we would make lots of progress in Canada.''" {{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

Having earlier applauded Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]]'s government for its stance against funding abortions in the developing world, he added: "''If they do not want to fund abortion abroad and they do not bring at home more help to women to keep their child, I think they are incoherent''.<ref>[http://montreal.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100527/quebec-archbishop-abortion-100527/20100527/?hub=MontrealHome Quebec archbishop defends comments on abortion]</ref>

===Bishop selection methodology===
As prefect for the Congregation of Bishops, Ouellet plays a primary role in the selection of new archbishops and bishops around the world. Bishops appointed during his term have generally been seen as theologians and defenders of the faith. Bishops appointed during his term include: [[Angelo Scola]], [[Charles J. Chaput]], [[Luis Antonio Tagle]], and [[Charles Morerod]].

Ouellet states: “Today, especially in the context of our secularized societies, we need bishops who are the first evangelizers, and not mere administrators of dioceses, who are capable of proclaiming the Gospel, who are not only theologically faithful to the magisterium and the pope but are also capable of expounding and, if need be, of defending the faith publicly.” He also cautioned that if a priest or a bishop aspires and maneuvers to be promoted to a prominent diocese, “it is better for him to stay where he is.”<ref>[http://www.catholic-sf.org/news_select.php?newsid=2&id=59407 Catholic San Francisco: "Theologians, defenders of faith, prominent among recently named bishops worldwide"] January 17th, 2012</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.diocesequebec.qc.ca/histoire/eveques/mgr_marc_ouellet.htm Mgr Marc Ouellet at Archdiocese of Quebec web site] (French)
*[http://www.michaeljournal.org/ouellet.htm English translation of Ouellet's first homily as Archbishop of Quebec]
*[http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=227 Biography at www.catholic-pages.com]
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios2003.htm#Ouellet Biography at ''The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church'' site]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bouelletm.html Entry at www.catholic-hierarchy.org]
*[http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/desouza200310210928.asp Cardinals to Watch: Will a Canadian be the next pope?] (''[[National Review Online]]'', October 21, 2003)
*[http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/update/conclave/top_candidates.htm Who Will Be the Next Pope? These 20 candidates have possibilties] ''[sic]'' (''[[National Catholic Reporter]]'' update, retrieved April 3, 2005, and notable for having omitted the obvious candidate, [[Cardinal Ratzinger]])
*[http://lcn.canoe.com/lcn/infos/lemonde/archives/2005/04/20050402-153018.html Qui succédera à Jean-Paul II?] ([[Le Canal Nouvelles]], April 2, 2005; in French)
* "Montreal cardinal 'long shot'" (''[[Toronto Star]]'', April 4, 2005, page A7)

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Maurice Couture]]}}
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{{s-break}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|Archbishop of Quebec]]|years=15 November 2002 – 30 June 2010}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Giovanni Battista Re]]}}
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| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ouellet, Marc}}
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[[ru:Уэлле, Марк]]

Stanisław Ryłko

2013-02-13T16:20:35Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{ref improve|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix =[[His Eminence]]
| name = Stanisław Cardinal Ryłko
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Pontifical Council for the Laity|President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity]]
| image = AbpRylko.jpg
| caption =
| province =
| diocese =
| see = [[Novica]] (titular)
| enthroned = 4 October 2003
| ended =
| predecessor = [[James Francis Cardinal Stafford]]
| successor =
| ordination = 30 March 1969
| consecration = 6 January 1996
| cardinal = 24 November 2007
| rank =
| other_post = [[Pontifical Council for the Laity|Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Laity]] (1995-2003)
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|7|4|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Andrychów|Andrychów, Poland]]
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| motto = {{unbulleted list|Lux Mea Christus|(Christ, My Light)}}
| coat_of_arms =Coat of arms of Stanisław Ryłko.svg
}}
{{Infobox cardinal styles|
image=Coat of arms of Stanisław Ryłko.svg|
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cardinal name=Stanisław Cardinal Ryłko|
dipstyle=His Eminence|
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'''Stanisław Ryłko''' (born 4 July 1945) is a [[Poland|Polish]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He currently serves as [[Pontifical Council for the Laity|president of the Pontifical Council for the Laity]], and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 2007.

==Biography==

===Early life and ordination===
Stanisław Ryłko was born in [[Andrychów]] to Władysław and Aurelia Ryłko. He has two siblings: a brother, Władysław (d. 2007), and a sister, Jadwiga. He graduated from the [[Lyceum]] of ''Maria Skłodowska-Curie'' in Andrychów in 1963 before entering the [[seminary]] in [[Kraków]], later obtaining his [[licentiate]] in [[Ethics in religion|moral theology]]. Ryłko then traveled to [[Rome]] to study at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], from where he earned his [[doctorate]] in [[social sciences]]. He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Cardinal [[Pope John Paul II|Karol Wojtyła]] on 30 March 1969, in [[Wawel Cathedral]], and then did [[Parish (Catholic Church)|pastoral]] work in [[Poronin]] until 1971.

===Pastoral work===
Ryłko served as vice-[[Rector (academia)|rector]] of the Kraków seminary before teaching [[practical theology]] at the [[The Pontifical Academy of Theology|Pontifical Theological Academy of Kraków]]. He was [[secretary]] of the [[Laity|lay apostolate]] commission of the [[Poland|Polish]] [[Episcopal Conference]] as well. In 1987, he returned to Rome and was charged with the section for the [[Catholic Youth Work|youth]] of the [[Pontifical Council for the Laity]]; during this time, he organized of the [[World Youth Day]] of 1989 and of 1991. He was then transferred to the Polish section of the [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Vatican Secretariat of State]] in 1992.

===Bishop===
On 20 December 1995, Ryłko was appointed secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Laity and [[Titular bishop|Titular Bishop]] of ''Novica'' by [[Pope John Paul II]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on 6 January 1996 from John Paul II, with [[Giovanni Battista Re|Archbishops Giovanni Re]] and [[Jorge María Mejía|Jorge Mejía]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], in [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. As Secretary, Ryłko served as the second-highest official of that [[dicastery]], successively under [[Eduardo Francisco Pironio]] and [[James Cardinal Stafford]].

He was later named [[President]] of the Pontifical Council for the Laity on 4 October 2003. Upon the death of John Paul II on 2 April 2005, Ryłko and all major [[Roman Curia|Vatican]] officials, in accord with custom, automatically lost their positions during the ''[[sede vacante]]''. He was then confirmed as President of the Laity by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on the following 21 April.

===Cardinal===

Pope Benedict created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re]]'' in the [[consistory]] of November 24, 2007. Ryłko remains eligible to participate in any future [[papal conclave]]s until his eightieth birthday on 4 July 2025.

On 12 June 2008 in addition to his main duties he was appointed by Benedict as a member of congregations in the [[Roman Curia]] [http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/22278.php?index=22278&lang=en]. These are: the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]], [[Congregation for Bishops]] and the [[Pontifical Commission for Latin America]]. On 5 January 2011 he was appointed among the first members of the newly created [[Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26652.php?index=26652&lang=en#NOMINA DI MEMBRI DEL PONTIFICIO CONSIGLIO PER LA PROMOZIONE DELLA NUOVA EVANGELIZZAZIONE]</ref>

Besides his native [[Polish language|Polish]], the Cardinal also speaks [[Italian language|Italian]], [[English language|English]], and [[German language|German]].

==Views==

===Relations with the secular world===
Cardinal Ryłko has said that the time has come for Christians to free themselves from their false inferiority complex against the so-called secular world, to be courageous disciples of Christ.<ref>[http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardinalrating.com%2Fcardinal_224__article_7916.htm&langpair=it|en&hl=en&prev=%2Flanguage_tools Cardinal Rylko: Christians would be freed from inferiority complex]</ref>

===World Youth Day===
Cardinal Ryłko has praised the work of [[World Youth Day]] during the meeting in Rome with leaders of this ecclesial event.<ref>[http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardinalrating.com%2Fcardinal_224__article_8661.htm&langpair=it|en&hl=en&prev=%2Flanguage_tools Cardinal Ryłko praises the work of World Youth Day]</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=262 Catholic-Pages]
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios2007.htm#Rylko Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/brylko.html Catholic-Hierarchy]

==References==
<references/>

{{s-start}}
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{{Authority control|VIAF=162249278}}

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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
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| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
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Giuseppe Betori

2013-02-13T16:19:25Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Giuseppe Betori
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence|Cardinal-Archbishop of Florence]]
| image = Betori.JPG
| image_size =
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| archdiocese = Florence
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| diocese = Florence
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| appointed = 8 September 2008
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| predecessor = [[Ennio Antonelli]]
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| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello

| ordination = 26 September 1970
| ordinated_by = [[Siro Silvestri]]
| consecration = 6 May 2001
| consecrated_by = [[Camillo Ruini]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Priest

| birth_name = Giuseppe Betori
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|02|25|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Foligno, Italy
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| nationality = [[Italy|Italian]]
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
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| motto = Deo et Verbo Gratiae
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| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Giuseppe Betori.svg
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| feast_day =
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{{Infobox cardinal styles
| name=Giuseppe Betori
| dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]
| offstyle=Your Eminence
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| image=Coat of arms of Giuseppe Betori.svg
| image_size = 100px}}
'''Giuseppe Betori''' (born 25 February 1947 in [[Foligno]], [[Italy]]) is an Italian [[Cardinal (Catholic)|Cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He is the current [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence|archbishop of Florence]] and the former [[Secretary General]] of the [[Conferenza Episcopale Italiana|Italian Episcopal Conference]].

==Early life==

Ordained [[priest]] in 1970. He received a licentiate in theology at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] and a [[doctorate]] in [[Sacred Scripture]] at the [[Pontifical Biblical Institute]]. He was Professor of anthropology [[biblical exegesis]]; Dean of the Theological Institute of Assisi. He also served as [[undersecretary]] of Italian Episcopal Conference.

==Bishop==
[[File:CoA Giuseppe Betori archbishop Florence.jpg|thumb|left|The coat of arms of H.E. Mgr Giuseppe Betori, as archbishop of Florence before his elevation to Cardinal, as seen on the façade of the ''Palazzo arcivescovile'']]
He was nominated by Pope [[John Paul II]] as [[Secretary General]] of the [[Conferenza Episcopale Italiana|Italian Episcopal Conference]] and was simultaneously appointed [[Titular Bishop]] of ''[[Falerone]]''. He received episcopal consecration on 6 May 2001. He was confirmed as Secretary General of the Italian Episcopal Conference, for a further five-year term, on 6 April 2006.

===Archbishop of Florence===

Betori was appointed to replace [[Ennio Antonelli]], who had been appointed as [[Pontifical Council for the Family|president of the Pontifical Council for the Family]], as archbishop of Florence by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 8 September 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/22550.php?index=22550&lang=en|title=Nomina dell’Arcivescovo di Firenze (Italia)|publisher=Press Office of the Holy See|language=Italian|date=8 September 2008|accessdate=8 September 2008}}</ref> He received the [[pallium]] from Pope Benedict on 29 June 2009, the [[Feast of Saints Peter and Paul]] in Rome. [http://212.77.1.245/news_services/press/vis/dinamiche/b0_en.htm]

On 5 November 2011 Archbishop Betori survived an apparent assassination attempt. An unidentified man confronted the archbishop outside his office, shot and wounded the prelate’s secretary, and waved a gun at the archbishop before escaping. Fr Paolo Brogi, the archbishop's secretary, was reportedly in satisfactory condition after surgery to repair an abdominal wound. Archbishop Betori and witnesses that the gunman said something as he gestured toward the prelate with his firearm, but they could not understand his intent.<ref>[http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=12285 Italian archbishop survives shooting attempt]</ref>

On 10 December 2011 he was appointed a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Culture]] for a five-year renewable term.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28516.php?index=28516&lang=en NOMINA DI MEMBRI DEL PONTIFICIO CONSIGLIO DELLA CULTURA]</ref>

On 6 January 2012 it was announced that Betori would become a cardinal on 18 February. He was created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Marcello al Corso|San Marcello]]'' and will having voting rights in a possible conclave until his 80th birthday. In addition to his duties at Culture, Cardinal Betori was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].

==Views==

===Life and family issues===
In a 2007 speech, he identified as the new enemies of Christianity: abortion, euthanasia, the negation of sexual duality and of a family based on marriage.<ref>[http://wdtprs.com/blog/2007/05/bp-betori-on-the-new-enemies-of-christianity/ Bp. Betori on the new enemies of Christianity]</ref>

===Ordination of homosexuals===
Betori has favored a ban on the [[ordination of homosexuals]], saying the word discrimination can be used where there is a right, but that a vocation is not a right but a gift.<ref>[http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/update/bn112305.htm Vatican document bans most gays from priesthood]</ref>

===Relationship with Benedict XVI===
According to Abbé Claude Barthe, Betori is a member of the [[paleoliberal]] wing of the [[Roman Curia]], who along with [[Giovanni Battista Re]], has constituted a kind of internal curial opposition to the decisions and policies of Pope [[Benedict XVI]].<ref>[http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=0402092_curie http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=0402092_curie L’opposition au Pape Benoît XVI dans les allées du pouvoir]</ref>

== External links ==
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bbetori.html Profile of Giuseppe Betori on ''Catholic Hierarchy'']

== Sources ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Ennio Antonelli]]|
title=[[Conferenza Episcopale Italiana|Secretary-General of the Italian Episcopal Conference]]|
after=[[Mariano Crociata]] |
years=5 April 2001 – 8 September 2008}}

{{s-bef|before=[[Ennio Antonelli]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence|Archbishop of Florence]]|years=2008–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Betori, Giuseppe
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 25 February 1947
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Foligno, Italy
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Betori, Giuseppe}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Italian archbishops]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of Florence]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Perugia]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Culture]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]
[[Category:People from Foligno]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:Pontifical Biblical Institute alumni]]

[[cs:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[de:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[fr:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[it:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[la:Iosephus Betori]]
[[nl:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[pl:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[pt:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[ru:Бетори, Джузеппе]]
[[fi:Giuseppe Betori]]

Joachim Meisner

2013-02-13T16:18:48Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Joachim Meisner
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Cardinal-Archbishop of Cologne]]
| image = Joachim Kardinal Meisner 2010.JPG
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = Oil on canvas by Gerd Mosbach
| church = [[Cologne Cathedral]]
| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Cologne]]
| province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Cologne]]
| metropolis = Cologne
| diocese =
| see = Cologne
| appointed = 20 December 1988
| enthroned = 12 February 1989
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Joseph Höffner]]
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = [[Santa Pudenziana|Cardinal-Priest of S. Pudenziana]]
| ordination = 22 December 1962
| ordinated_by = [[Josef Freusberg]]
| consecration = 17 May 1975
| consecrated_by = [[Hugo Aufderbeck]]
| cardinal = 2 February 1983
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt|Auxiliary Bishop of Erfurt-Meiningen]] (1975–1980)|Titular Bishop of Vina (1975–1980)|[[Bishop of Berlin]] (1980–1988)}}

| birth_name = Joachim Meisner
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1933|12|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Wrocław|Breslau]], [[Free State of Prussia (1933–1935)|Prussia]] [[Nazi Germany|German Reich]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = German
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
| coat_of_arms =Coat of arms of Joachim Meisner.svg
| motto = {{unbulleted list|Spes Nostra Firma Est Pro Vobis|(That our hope for you may be steadfast)}}

| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes =
| patronage =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date =

| other =
}}
{{infobox cardinal styles|
cardinal name=Joachim Meisner|
dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]|
offstyle=Your Eminence|
relstyle=[[Monsignor]]|
See=Cologne|
image=Coat of arms of Joachim Meisner.svg|
image_size=200px|
deathstyle=|}}

'''Joachim Meisner''' (born 25 December 1933) is a [[Germany|German]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He is the current [[List of bishops and archbishops of Cologne|Archbishop of Cologne]], serving since 1989.<ref name=cathedral>{{cite news|work=[[Cologne Cathedral]]|title=Archbishop Joachim Meisner|url=http://www.koelner-dom.de/joachimmeisner.html?&L=1}}</ref> He previously served as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin|Bishop of Berlin]] from 1980 to 1989, and was created a cardinal in 1983.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Joachim Cardinal Meisner|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmeisner.html}}</ref> He is widely considered to be Germany's leading conservative Catholic figure.<ref name=fracas>{{cite news|date=16 September 2007|work=Whispers in the Loggia|title=Cardinal Says "Degenerate"; Fracas Ensues|url=http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2007/09/cardinal-says-degenerate-fracas-ensues.html|last=Palmo|first=Rocco}}</ref><ref name=isolated>{{cite news|date=11 September 2005|work=Catholic New Times|title=The isolated Cologne archbishop, Cardinal Joachim Meisner|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0MKY/is_13_29/ai_n15627705}}</ref><ref name=reuters>{{cite news|date=5 July 2011|work=Reuters|title=Daniel-in-lion’s-den moment for new Catholic archbishop of free-wheeling Berlin|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2011/07/05/daniel-in-lions-den-moment-for-new-catholic-archbishop-of-free-wheeling-berlin}}</ref>

==Early life and ordination==
Meisner was born in [[Wrocław|Breslau]], which was then part of Germany, but is now known as Wrocław in southwestern [[Poland]].<ref name=vatican>{{cite news|work=[[Holy See]]|title=MEISNER Card. Joachim|url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_meisner_j_en.html}}</ref> He studied at the seminary of [[Erfurt]] from 1959 to 1962,<ref name=vatican/> and was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a [[deacon]] on 8 April 1962.<ref name=cardinals>{{cite news|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|title=MEISNER, Joachim (1933– )|url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-m.htm#Meisner}}</ref> On 22 December 1962, he was ordained to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Bishop [[Josef Freusberg]], an [[auxiliary bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda|Diocese of Fulda]].<ref name=hierarchy/>

Between 1963 and 1975, Meisner served as chaplain at St. Giles Parish in [[Heilbad Heiligenstadt|Heiligenstadt]] and Holy Cross Parish in Erfurt.<ref name=vatican/> He also served as diocesan director of [[Caritas (charity)|Caritas]].<ref name=cardinals/> During his pastoral ministry, he furthered his studies at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] in [[Rome]], where he received his doctorate of theology in 1969.<ref name=cathedral/>

==Bishop==
In 1975, he was elected [[titular Bishop of Vina]] and auxiliary bishop to the Apostolic Administrator Erfurt-Meiningen. He was elected as a delegate to the Fourth Synod of Bishops at the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] in 1977, where he renewed a friendship with [[Pope John Paul II|Karol Wojtyła]]. After Cardinal Wojtyła was elected [[Pope John Paul II]], he appointed Meisner [[Archdiocese of Berlin|Bishop of Berlin]] in 1980, and proclaimed him [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[S. Pudenziana]]'' in the consistory of 2 February 1983.

In 1988 after the death of [[Joseph Höffner]], Meisner was promoted to the position of Archbishop of Cologne, a post he continues to hold. He was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected Pope Benedict XVI.
Cardinal Meisner was the bishop in charge for the [[World Youth Day 2005|XX. World Youth Day in August 2005]] in the archdiocese in Cologne that attracted more than one million people. As the leader of Germany's biggest and wealthiest archdiocese, the Cardinal holds a very significant moral and social position, too.

Meisner regularly travels to the Vatican to meet Pope Benedict in private.

On Tuesday, 18 September 2012, Cardinal Meisner was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as a Synod Father for the upcoming October 2012 Ordinary General Assembly of the [[Synod of Bishops (Catholic)|Synod of Bishops]].<ref>http://www.microsofttranslator.com/BV.aspx?ref=IE8Activity&a=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.catholica.va%2Fnews_services%2Fbulletin%2Fnews%2F29673.php%3Findex%3D29673%26lang%3Den</ref>

In February 2013 Cardinal Meisner has approved the use of some morning-after pills for rape victims after he announced they did not induce abortions and could be used in Catholic hospitals. He altered his policy after two Catholic hospitals refused to treat a rape victim because they could not prescribe the pill. The Catholic Church firmly opposes abortion and artificial birth control. Many Catholics see all emergency contraceptives as abortion-inducing drugs banned by this policy, but Meisner said some prevent fertilization and could be used in rape cases. "The German Bishops' Conference is holding a regular meeting in two weeks and the issue will certainly be on the agenda," Cologne archdiocese spokeswoman Nele Harbeke said.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/04/us-germany-catholic-rape-idUSBRE9130MP20130204]</ref> <ref>http://www.ourdailythread.org/content/german-bishops-approve-plan-b-emergency-contraception-us-catholic-bishops-remain-silent</ref>

==Views==

===Papacy and Magisterium===
Meisner is known for his support to the Pope and the Church's teachings. Pope John Paul asked for Cardinal Meisner to see him when he was in the Gemelli Hospital in Rome. Meisner had a very close relationship to Pope John Paul II and is a long time friend of Joseph Ratzinger, now [[Pope Benedict XVI]].

He said of Pope Benedict "He [Pope Benedict] has the intelligence of 12 professors and is as pious as a child on the day of his first communion."<ref>Tara Holmes: [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/pope/benedictxvi_2.shtml Benedict XVI], [[BBC]], 6 August 2009</ref>

===Culture and liturgy===
"Wherever [[culture]] is separated from the [[worship]] of God, cult atrophies in ritualism and culture becomes degenerate", said Meisner at the blessing of his own archdiocese's new art museum, the [[Kolumba]], on 14 September 2007. His choice of words recalled the phrase "''entartete Kunst''" ("[[degenerate art]]") used as the title of the exhibition opened by Adolf Hitler in Munich on 19 July 1937 and provoked strong negative reaction.<ref>Although the Cardinal said his meaning was "that when art and religion are separated, both are damaged", and a spokesman for him said he had not intended to pay tribute to "old ideologies", a writer for an Internet site that describes itself as "the Internet platform against extremism of the right" accused him of using [[Joseph Goebbels|Goebbels]]-like incendiary language against artists, in a cowardly attack by one who "has control over a huge and wealthy empire that includes property, church media and the allegiance of millions of believers" against those who "are vulnerable within society: generally isolated, badly paid and rarely organized into trade unions or powerful professional bodies".[http://www.mut-gegen-rechte-gewalt.de/artikel.php?id=91&kat=91&artikelid=3891 Karen Margolis: ''Watch their words. Meisner & Herman, the German backwards crusaders'']</ref>

It was widely recognized that Meisner was venting his anger about the [[stained-glass window]] in [[Cologne Cathedral]] by [[Gerhard Richter]], which was revealed just weeks before and of which he disapproved.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/magazine/09pixelated.html?_r=1&ref=magazine&oref=slogin New York Times: "Pixelated Stained Glass"] 9 December 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.welt.de/politik/article1148224/Gerhard_Richter_weist_Meisner-Kritik__zurueck_.html Die Welt: "Gerhard Richter weist Meisners Kritik zurück"] 31 August 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2754061,00.html Deutsche Welle: "Window by Artist Gerhard Richter Unveiled at Cologne Cathedral"] 27 August 2007</ref>

==Quotation==
* "We as Catholic Christians do always have a reason for hope. We shall march with a straight back and head held high, self-confident and sure of victory in our modern times. For we have one God without rival, who revealed himself in Jesus Christ …" (Radio Horeb, 12 December 2004)

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=51 Biography at catholic-pages.com]

{{S-start}}
{{S-rel|ca}}
|-
{{S-bef|rows=1|before=[[Alfred Bengsch]] until 1979}}
{{S-ttl|rows=1|title=[[File:WappenEB-Berlin.jpg|50px]] [[Archbishop of Berlin|Bishop of Berlin]]|years=1980–1988}}
{{S-aft|rows=1|after=[[Georg Sterzinsky]] in 1989}}
{{Succession box|
before=[[Joseph Höffner]]|
title=[[File:Wappen Erzbistum Köln.png|50px]] [[Archbishopric of Cologne|Archbishop of Cologne]] |
years=1989–present|
after=incumbent|
}}
{{Succession box| before=[[Gerhard Schaffran]]| title=[[Conference of the German Bishops|Chairman of the Berlin Conference of Catholic Bishops]] | years=1982–1988| after=[[Joachim Wanke]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=49269588}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Meisner, Joachim
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 25 December 1933
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Wrocław|Breslau]], [[Free State of Prussia (1933–1935)|Prussia]] [[Nazi Germany|German Reich]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Meisner, Joachim}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Wrocław]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Lower Silesia]]
[[Category:German cardinals]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Members of the Zentrale Dombauverein zu Köln von 1842]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Cologne]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Lion]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts]]

[[bar:Joachim Meisner]]
[[cs:Joachim Meisner]]
[[de:Joachim Meisner]]
[[es:Joachim Meisner]]
[[fr:Joachim Meisner]]
[[ko:요아힘 마이스너]]
[[it:Joachim Meisner]]
[[la:Ioachimus Meisner]]
[[nl:Joachim Meisner]]
[[ja:ヨアヒム・マイスナー]]
[[no:Joachim Meisner]]
[[pl:Joachim Meisner]]
[[pt:Joachim Meisner]]
[[ru:Майснер, Иоахим]]
[[sl:Joachim Meisner]]
[[fi:Joachim Meisner]]

Christoph Schönborn

2013-02-13T16:17:52Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]] Cardinal
| name = Christoph Schönborn,
| honorific-suffix = [[Ordo Praedicatorum|O.P.]]
| title = [[Archbishop of Vienna]]
| image = Schoenborn-Altoetting1.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = Cardinal Schönborn in [[Altötting]] on the day [[Pope Benedict XVI]] visited the town.
| church =
| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna|Vienna]]
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see =
| enthroned = 14 September 1995
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Hans Hermann Groër]]
| opposed =
| successor =
| ordination = 27 December 1970 ([[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|Priest]])
| consecration = 29 September 1991 ([[Bishop (Catholic Church)|Bishop]])
| cardinal = 21 February 1998
| rank = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)#Cardinal priest|Cardinal-Priest]] of Gesù Divin Lavoratore
| other_post = [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of Vienna and [[Titular Bishop]] of ''[[Sutrium]]'' (1991–1995); [[Coadjutor bishop|Coadjutor Archbishop]] of Vienna (April–September 1995)

| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|1|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = Skalken Castle, [[Bohemia]] (now [[Czech Republic]])
| death_date =
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| buried =
| nationality = [[Austria]]n
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
| residence =
| parents = Count Hugo-Damian von Schönborn and Baroness Eleonore von Doblhoff
| alma_mater =
| signature =
| motto = {{unbulleted list|Vos Autem Dixi Amicos|(I have called you friends)}}
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Christoph Schönborn.svg

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{{Infobox cardinal styles
|cardinal name= Christoph Schönborn
|dipstyle= His Eminence
|offstyle= Your Eminence
|relstyle= His Eminence
|image= Coat of arms of Christoph Schönborn.svg
|image_size = 200px
|deathstyle= Not Applicable
|see= [[Vienna]]
}}
'''Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert (Graf von) Schönborn''', [[Ordo Praedicatorum|OP]] (born 22 January 1945) is an [[Austria]]n [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]] and [[theology|theologian]]. He currently serves as the [[Archbishop of Vienna]] and President of the Austrian [[Bishops Conference]]. He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1998. He is also the chaplain of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]], of which he has been a member since 1961. He is a member of the formerly [[sovereign]] [[princely]] [[House of Schönborn]]. He is seen as a leading candidate for the [[papacy]] because he is conservative, albeit a "balanced reformer".<ref name="kurier1">[http://kurier.at/politik/weltchronik/vatikan-kenner-schoenborn-als-neuer-papst-in-poleposition/3.419.331 Schönborn als neuer Papst in "Poleposition"], Kurier</ref> He is a former student of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] and a close confidant of him.<ref name="kurier1"/>

==Early life==
Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert Graf von Schönborn was born at [[Vlastislav (Litoměřice District)|Skalka]] Castle, west of [[Litoměřice]], [[Bohemia]] (now [[Czech Republic]]), the second son of the Count Maria Hugo Damian Adalbert Josef Hubertus von Schönborn and Baroness Eleonore Ottilie Hilda Maria von Doblhoff. He is a member of the [[House of Schönborn]] and descends from some of the leading aristostratic families of the [[Habsburg Monarchy]], including [[House of Lobkowicz|Lobkowicz]], [[Chotek family|Chotek]] and [[Wurmbrand-Stuppach]]. He also descends from the astronomers [[Joseph Johann Littrow]] and [[Karl L. Littrow]], and the feminist pioneer [[Auguste von Littrow]]. His parents divorced in 1959. He has two brothers and one sister. Several members of the Schönborn family held high offices in the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]] from the [[17th century]], including several [[prince-bishop]]s, [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]] and ecclesiastical [[prince-elector]]s.<ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/schonborn.html Graf/Gräfin von Schöborn]. ''An Online Gotha''. Retrieved 22 March 2010.</ref>

==Early church career==
In September 1945, his family was forced to flee from Bohemia. Schönborn took his [[Matura]] examination in 1963, and entered the [[Dominican Order|Order of Preachers]]. He studied [[theology]] in [[Paris]]; and [[philosophy]] and [[psychology]] in [[Bornheim (Rheinland)|Bornheim-Walberberg]] and [[Vienna]]. Schönborn also attended the [[Institut Catholique de Paris|Catholic Institute of Paris]] for further theological work, before studying [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] and [[Byzantine]] Christianity at the [[Sorbonne]].

He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Cardinal [[Franz König]] on 27 December 1970 in Vienna. Schönborn obtained a [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology]] in 1971, and later studied in [[Regensburg]] under [[Pope Benedict XVI|Fr. Joseph Ratzinger]] (later Pope Benedict XVI). He subsequently completed a [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|doctorate in Sacred Theology]] in Paris. From 1975 he was [[Professor]] of [[dogmatic theology|Dogmatics]] at the [[University of Fribourg]], [[Switzerland]]. In 1980, he became a member of the [[International Theological Commission]] of the [[Holy See]], and in 1987 he became editorial secretary for the ''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]''. In 1991 he was chosen to become an [[auxiliary bishop]] of Vienna.

==Archbishop of Vienna==
He was appointed [[Coadjutor Bishop|Coadjutor]] Archbishop of Vienna on 11 April 1995 and succeeded as [[Archbishop of Vienna]] on 14 September 1995. He was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[List of Titular Churches in Rome|Gesù Divin Lavoratore]]'' by [[Pope John Paul II]] in the [[consistory]] of 21 February 1998. Considered among the ''[[List of papabili in the 2005 papal conclave|papabili]]'' following John Paul's death, Cardinal Schönborn was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. Cardinal Schönborn remains eligible to vote in any future [[papal conclave]]s that begin before his 80th birthday on 22 January 2025.

He serves as a member of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches|that for the Oriental Churches]], and [[Congregation for Catholic Education|that for Catholic Education]], and of the [[Pontifical Council for Culture]] and the [[Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church]]. On 5 January 2011 he was appointed among the first members of the newly created [[Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26652.php?index=26652&lang=en#NOMINA DI MEMBRI DEL PONTIFICIO CONSIGLIO PER LA PROMOZIONE DELLA NUOVA EVANGELIZZAZIONE]</ref>

[[File:Kondukt in Wien (215).jpg|thumb|left|Cardinal Schörnborn (with [[crosier]]) walking in the [[Death and funeral of Otto von Habsburg|Otto von Habsburg funeral procession]]]]
Cardinal Schönborn also serves as the [[chaplain]] to the Austrian [[Order of the Golden Fleece]]. In addition to his native [[German language|German]], he is fluent in [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Latin language|Latin]]. Schönborn's [[motto|episcopal motto]] is ''Vos autem dixi amicos'' (I have called you friends) from {{bibleverse||John|15:15}}.

Cardinal Schönborn presided over the [[Funeral of Otto von Habsburg|requiem for Otto of Habsburg]], former Crown Prince of [[Austria-Hungary]], in [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna|St. Stephen's Cathedral]] on 16 July 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wien.orf.at/stories/524598/ |title=Otto Habsburg: Beisetzung am 16. Juli in Wien |publisher=Wien.orf.at |date= |accessdate=6 July 2011}}</ref>

On Tuesday, 18 September 2012, Cardinal Schönborn was named by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] as a Synod Father for the upcoming October 2012 13th Ordinary General Assembly of the [[Synod of Bishops (Catholic)|Synod of Bishops]] on the New Evangelization.<ref>http://www.microsofttranslator.com/BV.aspx?ref=IE8Activity&a=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.catholica.va%2Fnews_services%2Fbulletin%2Fnews%2F29673.php%3Findex%3D29673%26lang%3Den</ref>

===Response to sex abuse===

In March 2010 he called for [[priestly celibacy]] in the [[Latin Rite]] to be re-examined in the light of [[Roman Catholic sex abuse cases by country|sex scandals]]. Cardinal Schönborn suggested that the Church should carry out an "unflinching examination" of causes of the scandal, including "the issue of priests' training". He wrote in his archdiocesan magazine, "...the question of priest celibacy and the question of personality development...requires a great deal of honesty, both on the part of the church and of society as a whole". Cardinal Schönborn's spokesman, Erich Leitenberger, issued a clarification later stating that the cardinal was not "in any way seeking to question the Catholic Church's celibacy rule".

In May 2010 Schönborn told Austrian Catholic news agency Kathpress: "The days of cover-up are over. For a long while the Church's principle of forgiveness was falsely interpreted and was in favour of those responsible and not the victims." He added that during the 1990s, when [[Hans Hermann Groër|Cardinal Groër]], the then leader of Austria's Catholics, was accused of sex abuse, a "track of Vatican diplomacy" had muddied the investigation and led to a cover-up. Cardinal Schönborn said that the then [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] [[Angelo Sodano]] indirectly blocked the attempts and Cardinal Groër had simply faded into the background.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/7703232/Vatican-cardinal-attacks-fellow-cardinal-for-covering-up-abuse-case.html Vatican cardinal attacks fellow cardinal for 'covering up' abuse case]</ref>

==Views==

===Catholic-Orthodox dialogue===
Schönborn has said that theological differences between the [[Catholic Church]] and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox churches]] can be resolved, if the two faiths can overcome the burden of history.<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_97__article_5413.htm Austrian cardinal optimistic on Catholic-Orthodox accord]</ref>

===HIV/AIDS and condoms===
In 1996, Schönborn told an Austrian television audience that someone suffering from [[AIDS]] might use a condom as a "lesser evil", but he quickly cautioned, "no one could affirm that the use of a condom is the ideal in sexual relations."<ref>[http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=281 Condom use as lesser evil, but still an evil]</ref>

===Mozart, Catholicism and Freemasonry===
According to Eric Leitenberger, Schönborn's spokesman, the cardinal's position is that [[Mozart and Freemasonry|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] was a [[Freemasonry|Freemason]], but that he was also fully Catholic.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1141/is_38_42/ai_n26705248/ Mozart: Catholic, Master Mason, favorite of the pope]</ref>

===Evolution and the Catholic Church===
In an editorial in the New York Times on 7 July 2005<ref>"[http://www.millerandlevine.com/km/evol/catholic/schonborn-NYTimes.html Finding Design in Nature]", ''The New York Times'', 7 July 2005.</ref> Schönborn accepted the possibility of [[evolution]] but criticised certain [[Neo-Darwinism|"neo-Darwinian"]] theories as incompatible with Catholic teaching:

{{quote|Evolution in the sense of common ancestry might be true, but evolution in the neo-Darwinian sense – an unguided, unplanned process of [[random variation]] and [[natural selection]] – is not. Any system of thought that denies or seeks to explain away the overwhelming evidence for design in biology is ideology, not science.}}

This statement created considerable controversy, including public criticism of Schönborn's views by the director of the [[Vatican Observatory]], [[George Coyne]], SJ, who pointed out that Pope [[John Paul II]]’s declaration that “evolution is no longer a mere hypothesis” is now “a fundamental church teaching”<ref>"Intelligent Design belittles God, Vatican director says", [http://www.catholic.org/national/national_story.php?id=18503 Catholic Online, 30 Jan 2006]</ref> and a response by Catholic physicist [[Stephen Barr]] in the Catholic periodical ''[[First Things]]'',<ref>S. Barr, "The Design of Evolution", [http://www.firstthings.com/article/2007/01/the-design-of-evolution-22 First Things, Oct 2005]</ref> to which Schönborn in turn replied.<ref>C. Schönborn, "The designs of science", [http://www.firstthings.com/article/2007/01/defining-davidson-down-31 First Things, January 2006]</ref>

==Ancestry==
<center>{{Ahnentafel top|Ancestors of Christoph Schönborn|width=100%}} <ref>http://www.genealogics.org/pedigree.php?personID=I00206032&tree=LEO&parentset=0&display=standard&generations=5</ref><ref>http://www.biographien.ac.at/oebl/oebl_S/Skutetzky_Wilhelm_1828_1889.xml</ref>
{{Ahnentafel-compact5
|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
|border=1
|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Christoph Schönborn'''
|2= 2. Count Hugo Damian von Schönborn
|3= 3. Baroness Eleonore von Doblhoff
|4= 4. Count Karl Johann von Schönborn
|5= 5. Countess Elisabeth von Nostitz-Rieneck
|6= 6. Baron Herbert von Doblhoff
|7= 7. Gertud von Skutetzky
|8= 8. Count Johann von Schönborn
|9= 9. Countess Anna von Wurmbrand-Stuppach
|10= 10. Count Heinrich von Nostitz-Rieneck
|11= 11. Countess Marie Chotková z Chotkova a Vojnína
|12= 12. Baron Rudolf von Doblhoff
|13= 13. Dorothea Edle von Littrow
|14= 14. Hubert von Skutetzky
|15= 15. Anna Amalia Berwer
|16= 16. Count Karl von [[List of rulers of Schönborn|Schönborn]]
|17= 17. Princess Johanna [[House of Lobkowicz|Lobkowicz]]
|18= 18. Count Heinrich von [[Wurmbrand-Stuppach]]
|19= 19. Countess Eugenie von [[List of rulers of Schönborn|Schönborn-Buchheim]]
|20= 20. Count Hugo von [[Nostitz (family)|Nostitz-Rieneck]]
|21= 21. Countess Maria Clam-Martinic
|22= 22. Count Antonín [[Chotek family|Chotek z Chotkova a Vojnína]]
|23= 23. Olga von Moltke
|24= 24. Baron Joseph von Doblhoff-Dierr
|25= 25. Ida Lenkey de Lenke
|26= 26. [[Karl L. Littrow|Karl Ludwig Edler von Littrow]]
|27= 27. [[Auguste von Littrow|Auguste von Bischoff-Altenstern]]
|28= 28. Wilhelm Skutetzky
}}
{{Ahnentafel bottom}}</center>

==See also==
*[[House of Schönborn]]
*[[Community of the Lamb]]
*Austrian [[Order of the Golden Fleece]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.cardinalschonborn.com/ The Schonborn Site – Following the Life and Work of Christoph Cardinal Schönborn]
* [http://www.evolutionpages.com/Schoenborn_critique.htm A critique of Schönborn on evolution] by Alec MacAndrew
* [http://ncronline.org/mainpage/specialdocuments/intervieww-peterschuster.htm Interview] with [[Peter Schuster]] regarding Cardinal Schönborn's statement on evolution
* [http://www.gloria.tv/?video=pwxa9jff7gs5kldzpiu7 catholic-pages bio]
* [http://www.popes-and-papacy.com/popes_and_the_papacy/2008/12/next-pope-my-papabili-list-for-2009.html Christoph Schoenborn as a papabili to be the next pope after Pope Benedict XVI]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box |
title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna|Archbishop of Vienna]] |
before=[[Hans Hermann Groër]] |
after=[[incumbent]] |
years=14 September 1995–[[incumbent]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=113232459}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Schoenborn, Christoph
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH =22 January 1945
| PLACE OF BIRTH =Skalken Castle, [[Bohemia]] (now [[Czech Republic]])
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schoenborn, Christoph}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Dominican Order]]
[[Category:Archbishops and bishops of Vienna]]
[[Category:Austrian cardinals]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece]]
[[Category:Schönborn family|Christoph]]
[[Category:People from Litoměřice District]]
[[Category:Austrian people of Bohemian German descent]]
[[Category:International Theological Commission]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Culture]]
[[Category:Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts]]

[[bar:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[cs:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[de:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[es:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[fr:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[ko:크리스토프 쇤보른]]
[[hr:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[it:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[la:Christophorus Schönborn]]
[[nl:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[no:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[pl:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[pt:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[ro:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[ru:Шёнборн, Кристоф]]
[[sk:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[sl:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[fi:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[sv:Christoph Schönborn]]
[[uk:Хрістоф Шенборн]]

André Vingt-Trois

2013-02-13T16:16:37Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{refimprove|article|date=September 2008}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = André Vingt-Trois
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris|Cardinal-Archbishop of Paris]]
| image = Ile-de-France students mass 2012-11-08 n07.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| church = [[Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris]]
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 11 February 2005
| term = 5 March 2005
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Jean-Marie Lustiger]]
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = 2005

| ordination = 28 June 1969
| ordinated_by = [[François Marty]]
| consecration = 14 October 1988
| consecrated_by = [[Jean-Marie Lustiger]]
| cardinal = 24 November 2007
| rank = [[Cardinal_(Catholicism)#Cardinal_priest|Cardinal-Priest]] of [[San Luigi dei Francesi]]

| birth_name = André Armand Vingt-Trois
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1942|11|07}}
| birth_place = [[Paris, France|Paris]], [[France]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
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| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
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| previous_post = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tours|Archbishop of Tours]] (1999-2005) [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris|Paris]] (1988-1999) [[Titular see|Titular]] Bishop of Thibilis (1988-1999)
| education =
| alma_mater =
| motto = Sic enim Deus Dilexit Mundum (For God so Loved the World)
| signature =
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| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Andre Vingt-Trois.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

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}}
[[File:PR-2012-05-15 IMG 1483.jpg|thumb|André Vingt-Trois at the 2012 inauguration ceremony of the President of France, Élysée Palace, Paris.]]
{{infobox cardinalstyles
| cardinal name = André Vingt-Trois
| image=Coat of arms of Andre Vingt-Trois.svg
| image_size =200px
| dipstyle = His Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| See = Paris
}}
'''André Armand Vingt-Trois''' ({{IPA-fr|andʁe aʁmɑ̃ vɛ̃‿tʁwa|pron}}) (born 7 November 1942) is a [[France|French]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He currently serves as [[Archbishop of Paris]], having previously served as [[List of Archbishops of Tours|Archbishop of Tours]] from 1999 to 2005. He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 2007.

==Biography==

===Early life and ordination===
André Vingt-Trois was born in [[Paris]] to Armand and Paulette (née Vuillamy) Vingt-Trois. His surname, which translates to "twenty-three" in English, would seem to be explained, according to Vingt-Trois, by an ancestor who, as a child or baby, was abandoned and found on the 23rd day of the month. Vingt-Trois completed his [[Secondary education|secondary studies]] at the [[Lycée Henri IV]] and entered the [[Seminary]] of [[Sulpitius the Pious|Saint-Sulpice]] at [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]] in 1962. He then attended the [[Institut Catholique de Paris]], from where he obtained his [[licentiate]] in [[Ethics in religion|moral theology]]. From 1964 to 1965, Vingt-Trois performed his [[military service]] in [[Germany]]. He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Deacon|diaconate]] by Bishop [[Daniel Pezeril]] in October 1968 and to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Cardinal [[François Marty]] on 28 June 1969.

===Pastoral work===
During his priestly ministry, he worked especially in [[Parish (Catholic Church)|parochial]] [[Catechism|catechetics]] and the formation of the [[laity]]. From 1974 to 1981, Vingt-Trois was [[vicar]] at the Parisian parish of Sainte-Jeanne de Chantal. He then served as [[Director (education)|director]] of his ''[[alma mater]]'' of the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice until 1988, also teaching moral and [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church|sacramental]] [[theology]] there. Vingt-Trois participated in different pastoral movements, including the [[Catholic marriage|Centre de préparation au mariage]] and the sessions of permanent formation of the [[clergy]]. He was later named [[vicar general]] of Paris, and was charged with the [[Diocese|diocesan]] formation (the [[cathedral school]] and diocesan seminary), of the means of communications (Radio Notre-Dame, Paris Notre-Dame, Centre d'Information), of the familial pastoral, of the [[chaplain]]s of public [[education]], and of catechetics.

===Bishop===
On 25 June 1988, Vingt-Trois was appointed [[Auxiliary bishop|Auxiliary Bishop]] of Paris and [[Titular bishop|Titular Bishop]] of ''Thibilis'' by [[Pope John Paul II]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 14 October from [[Jean-Marie Lustiger]], with Bishops Pézeril and Gabriel Vanel serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], in [[Notre Dame de Paris|Notre-Dame Cathedral]]. Vingt-Trois was later named [[List of Archbishops of Tours|Archbishop of Tours]] on 21 April 1999, and [[Archbishop of Paris]] on 11 February 2005. He was installed in Paris on 5 March, and appointed [[Ordinary (officer)|Ordinary]] of French [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Catholics of the Eastern Rites]] as well on 14 March. On 5 November 2007, he was elected [[President]] of the [[Conférence des évêques de France|French Episcopal Conference]] for a term of three years.

===Cardinal===
[[Pope Benedict XVI]] created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Luigi dei Francesi|S. Luigi dei Francesi]]'' in the [[consistory]] of 24 November 2007. Vingt-Trois will be eligible to participate in any future [[papal conclave]]s until he reaches the age of eighty on 7 November 2022.

As a member of the [[Congregation for Bishops]] and the [[Pontifical Council for the Family]] since 12 June 2008<ref>[http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/22278.php?index=22278&lang=en Holy See Press Office bulletin of 12 June 2008]</ref> and of the [[Congregation for the Clergy]] since 2 February 2010,.<ref>[http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/25081.php?index=25081&lang=en Holy See Press Office bulletin of 2 February 2010]</ref> he participates in the plenary meetings of those departments of the [[Roman Curia]], held as far as possible once a year.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19880628_pastor-bonus-general-norms_en.html ''Pastor Bonus'', 11 §2]</ref> On 7 March 2012 he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28883.php?index=28883&lang=en]</ref>

On Tuesday 18 September 2012, Cardinal Vingt-Trois was appointed by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] to serve as one of the papally-appointed Synod Fathers for the upcoming 13 October Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on the New Evangelization.<ref>http://www.microsofttranslator.com/BV.aspx?ref=IE8Activity&a=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.catholica.va%2Fnews_services%2Fbulletin%2Fnews%2F29673.php%3Findex%3D29673%26lang%3Den</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|André Vingt-Trois}}
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios2007.htm#Vingt Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bving.html Catholic-Hierarchy]
*[http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=267 Catholic-pages]
{{s-start}}
{{s-rel| ca}}
{{s-bef| before=Michel Moutel, [[Society of Saint-Sulpice|PSS]]}}
{{s-ttl| title=[[List of Archbishops of Tours|Archbishop of Tours]] | years= 1999–2005}}
{{s-aft| after=Bernard-Nicolas Aubertin, [[Cistercians|OCist]]}}
{{s-bef| before=[[Jean-Marie Lustiger]]}}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Archbishop of Paris]] | years=2005–present}}
{{s-aft| after=incumbent}}
{{end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=32004208}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Vingt-Trois, Andre
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 7 November 1942
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Paris, France|Paris]], [[France]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vingt-Trois, Andre}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:French cardinals]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Paris]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Tours]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Clergy]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
[[Category:Lycée Henri-IV alumni]]
[[Category:Catholic Institute of Paris alumni]]

[[bar:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[cs:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[de:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[es:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[fr:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[ko:앙드레 뱅 트루아]]
[[it:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[la:Andreas Vingt-Trois]]
[[lb:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[nl:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[no:André Armand Vingt-Trois]]
[[pl:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[pt:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[ru:Вен-Труа, Андре]]
[[fi:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[uk:Андре Вен-Труа]]

Rainer Woelki

2013-02-13T16:15:41Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence Cardinal
| name = Rainer Woelki
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin|Archbishop of Berlin]]
| image = Rainer woelki erzbischof von berlin.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| alt =
| caption =
| church =
| archdiocese = Berlin
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese = Berlin
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 2 July 2011
| term =
| term_start = 27 August 2011
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Georg Maximilian Sterzinsky]]
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of San Giovanni Maria Vianney

| ordination = 14 June 1985
| ordinated_by = [[Joseph Höffner]]
| consecration = 30 March 2003
| consecrated_by = [[Joachim Meisner]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Priest

| birth_name = Rainer Maria Woelki
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|08|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Köln-Mühlheim, Germany
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = German
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Titular Bishop of Scampa (2003–2011)|Auxiliary Bishop of Cologne (2003–2011)}}
| alma_mater =
| motto = {{unbulleted list|Nos Sumus Testes|(We are Witnesses)}}
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Rainer Woelki.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
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{{Infobox cardinal styles |
name=Rainer Woelki |
dipstyle=[[His Eminence]] |
image=Coat of arms of Rainer Woelki.svg|
image_size = 200px|
offstyle=[[Your Eminence]] |
relstyle=[[Cardinal]] |
deathstyle=not applicable |}}
'''Rainer Maria Woelki''' (born 18 August 1956) is a [[Germans|German]] [[Cardinalate|Cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. Appointed by [[Pope Benedict XVI]], he has been the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin|Archbishop of Berlin]] since 2 July 2011.<ref>[http://www.news.va/en/news/other-pontifical-acts-32 Other Pontifical Acts, 2 July 2011]</ref>

==Earlier career==

Woelki was born on 18 August 1956 in [[Cologne]] as one of three children of parents who had been expelled from East Prussia at the end of the [[Second World War]]. He studied philosophy and theology at the Theological Faculties of the [[University of Bonn|universities of Bonn]] and [[Freiburg im Breisgau]].<ref name=ZENIT>[http://www.zenit.org/article-23380?l=german&utm_campaign=germanweb&utm_medium=article&utm_source=zenit.org/g-23380 ZENIT (in German)]</ref> On 14 June 1985 [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Joseph Höffner]] ordained him a priest for the [[Archdiocese]] of [[Cologne]].<ref name="Catholic Hierarchy">{{cite web
|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bwoel.html
|title=Archbishop Rainer Maria Woelki
|date=2 July 2011
|publisher=David M. Cheney (Catholic-Hierarchy.org)
|accessdate=4 July 2011}}</ref>

From 1985 to 1989 he was assistant priest at St Mary's Parish in [[Neuss]]. In 1989, he served for a short time as [[military chaplain]] in Münster.<ref name="DieWelt"/> In 1990, he became private secretary to the Archbishop of Cologne.<ref name=ZENIT/>

From 1997 to 2011, he was Director of the "Collegium Albertinum", a residence for major seminarians of the archdiocese studying at the [[University of Bonn]].<ref>[http://incaelo.wordpress.com/2011/07/03/from-cologne-with-love-woelki-to-berlin/ In Caelo et in Terra: "From Cologne with love – Woelki to Berlin"] 3 July 2011</ref> In 1999, [[Pope John Paul II]] granted him the rank of [[Chaplain of His Holiness]], with the title of [[Monsignor]]. In 2000, he obtained a [[doctorate]] in theology, with a thesis on the ecclesiological place of the parish from the [[Pontifical University of the Holy Cross]].<ref name=ZENIT/>

On 24 February 2003, he was appointed [[Titular Bishop]] of Scampa and [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Archdiocese of Cologne]] by Pope John Paul II. He was ordained a bishop on 30 March 2003 by Cardinal [[Joachim Meisner]]. He chose as his episcopal motto "Nos sumus testes" (We are witnesses), from {{bibleverse||Acts|5:32}}.<ref name=ZENIT/>

As auxiliary bishop, he was given responsibility for the north of the archdiocese, with the cities of [[Düsseldorf]] and [[Wuppertal]],<ref name="DieWelt"/> and was [[episcopal vicar]] for the doctrine of the faith and ecumenism, as well as being in charge of the permanent diaconate.<ref name=ZENIT/>

Within the [[German Bishops' Conference]], he became a member of the Commission for Vocations and Ministries of the Church and for Science and Culture. He was also appointed a consultor of the [[Holy See]]'s [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].

== Archbishop of Berlin ==
On 2 July 2011 Pope Benedict XVI ratified Woelki's election by the [[cathedral chapter]] of Berlin and appointed him [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin|Archbishop of Berlin]].<ref name=ZENIT/> The announcement came just two days after the death of Cardinal [[Georg Sterzinsky]], whose resignation from the governance of the see had been accepted in February 2011.<ref name="DieWelt">{{cite web|url=http://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article13463515/Rainer-Woelki-ist-der-neue-Hauptstadt-Bischof.html |title=Rainer Woelki ist der neue Hauptstadt-Bischof |last=Facius |first=Gernot |date=2 July 2011 |publisher=WELT ONLINE |language=German |accessdate=2 July 2011}}</ref>

Woelki has been criticised by some German politicians for his language on [[homosexuality]], and his suitability for the post of archbishop in a city with a significant gay population. In an interview with the Catholic journalist George Schwikart he described homosexuality as an offence against the "order of creation."<ref>''[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/27780.php?index=27780&lang=ge#NOMINA%20DELL%E2%80%99ARCIVESCOVO%20METROPOLITA%20DI%20BERLIN%20%28GERMANIA%29 ''Nomina dell'Arcivescovo Metropolita di Berlin (Germania)]''; in: Presseamt des Heiligen Stuhls: Tägliches Bulletin vom 2. Juli 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.zeit.de/politik/2011-07/bischof-woelki-kritik Neuer Erzbischof wegen Schwulen-Äußerung in der Kritik] in [[Die Zeit]], 04. Juli 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.rp-online.de/panorama/deutschland/Woelki-will-mit-Schwulen-und-Lesben-reden_aid_1012911.html RP-online, 5.7.2011]</ref>

After his appointment he said, "We will meet with each other" when asked about the city's active gay community. "I have respect and esteem for all people independent of heritage, skin colour and individual nature. I am open to all without reservations."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2011/07/05/daniel-in-lions-den-moment-for-new-catholic-archbishop-of-free-wheeling-berlin/ | work=Reuters | date=5 July 2011}}</ref> "The Church is not a moral institution that goes around pointing its finger at people," Woelki said. "The Church is for me a community of seekers and believers and the Church would like to help people find their happiness in life."

He was installed as archbishop of Berlin and took formal possession of his see on 27 August 2011.

One of Archbishop Woelki's first tasks was to prepare for the arrival of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] to Berlin in September 2011 on [[List of journeys of Pope Benedict XVI|his state visit to Germany]], his third visit to his home country since he was elected as Pope in 2005, the first as a state visit.

Having been appointed on 2 July, he waited almost a whole year, until the 2012 [[Feast of Saints Peter and Paul]] (29 June), to receive his [[pallium]] as metropolitan archbishop.

A mere 132 days after his installation in Berlin it was announced on 6 January 2012 that Archbishop Woelki would be created a cardinal on 18 February along with 21 others in Rome,.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28629.php?index=28629&lang=ge Annuncio di Concistorio per la creazione di nuovi Cardinali]'' 6 January 2012</ref> He was duly created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Giovanni Maria Vianney]]'', becoming the youngest member of the [[College of Cardinals]], in succession to [[Reinhard Marx]] of Munich. However, within the same year the creation of [[Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal]] and [[Luis Antonio Tagle]] as cardinals in November 2012 made Woelki the third youngest cardinal.

With his elevation Cardinal Woelki became eligible to vote in future [[papal conclave]]s, and will remain eligible to participate in any that begin before his 80th birthday on 18 August 2036. He was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]] in addition to his duties in Berlin.

In a speech in June 2012 Cardinal Woelki said “''I believe we should agree and indeed we do agree on the fact that in judging this type of relation or relationship there is a big difference in judgement when people take responsibility for one another, when engaged in a long-term relationship as couples do in heterosexual relationships.''” <ref>[http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/homepage/world-news/detail/articolo/berlino-berlin-woelki-15776/]</ref><ref>[http://www.kath.net/detail.php?id=36623&print=yes German text]</ref>

In October 2012 Cardinal Woelki was nominated for a Respect Award by the Alliance Against Homophobia. He was praised by the group for speaking out in favour of a 'new cooperation with homosexuals in society' and officially meeting the Association for Gays and Lesbians for talks. This, the alliance said, had 'broken the tension between his Church and gays and lesbians and had laid the foundations for further exchange and for a constructive dialogue'. However Cardinal Woelki declined the nomination.<ref>[http://www.thetablet.co.uk/blogs/388/17]</ref> In December 2012 Cardinal Woelki unveiled a reorganisation in a 2 Dec pastoral letter to 105 local parishes. Cardinal Woelki said the archdiocese’s finances had “stabilized and improved” thanks to “courageous and responsible decisions” and “great sacrifices” by church institutions. He added that the archdiocese was forecast to lose a further third of its membership by 2030, and he said Catholic schools, nurseries, hospitals, elderly homes and information centers would also be reorganised to reflect this shift.<ref>[http://catholicphilly.com/2012/12/us-world-news/world-catholic-news/berlin-archdiocese-to-restructure-for-administrative-spiritual-reasons/]</ref>

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Georg Sterzinsky]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin|Archbishop of Berlin]]| years=2 July 2011 – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Woelki, Rainer
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Archbishop of Berlin
| DATE OF BIRTH = 18 August 1956
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cologne]], [[Germany]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Woelki, Rainer}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:People from Cologne]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:German cardinals]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Religion in Berlin]]
[[Category:Pontifical University of the Holy Cross alumni]]
[[Category:German military chaplains]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]

[[bar:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[cs:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[de:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[es:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[fr:Rainer Woelki]]
[[it:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[la:Rainerius Maria Woelki]]
[[nl:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[pl:Rainer Woelki]]
[[pt:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[ru:Вельки, Райнер Мария]]
[[uk:Райнер Марія Велькі]]

Thomas Collins (cardinal)

2013-02-13T16:15:07Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Thomas Christopher Collins
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto|Cardinal-Archbishop of Toronto]]
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Thomas Christopher Collins.svg
| caption =
| province = [[Ontario]]
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto]]
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto|Toronto]]
| term_start= 30 January 2007
| ended =
| appointed = 16 December 2006
| predecessor = [[Aloysius Ambrozic]]
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of San Patrizio
| ordination = 5 May 1973
| ordinated_by = [[Paul Francis Reding]]
| consecration = 14 May 1997
| consecrated_by = [[Anthony Frederick Tonnos]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Coadjutor Bishop of Saint Paul in Alberta (1997)|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta|Bishop of Saint Paul in Alberta]] (1997–1999)|Coadjutor Archbishop of Edmonton (1999)|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton|Archbishop of Edmonton]] (1999–2006)|Apostolic Administrator of Saint Paul in Alberta (2001)}}
| birth_name = Thomas Christopher Collins
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|1|16|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Guelph]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = Canadian
| religion =[[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
}}

{{Infobox cardinal styles
|cardinal name= Thomas Christopher Collins
|dipstyle= His Eminence
|offstyle= Your Eminence
|relstyle= His Eminence
|image= Coat of arms of Thomas Christopher Collins.svg
|image_size=200px
|deathstyle= Not Applicable
|see= [[Toronto]]
}}

'''Thomas Christopher Collins''' (born 16 January 1947) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[prelate]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He is the tenth and current [[Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto|Archbishop of Toronto]], having previously served as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta|Bishop of Saint Paul in Alberta]] (1997–1999) and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton|Archbishop of Edmonton]] (1999–2006). On 6 January 2012, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] appointed him a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] at the 18 February 2012 [[Consistory#Roman_Catholic_Church|consistory]].

==Early life and education==
Collins was born in [[Guelph]], [[Ontario]], the son of the circulation manager of ''[[Guelph Mercury|The Guelph Mercury]]'' and a [[legal secretary]]; he has two older sisters.<ref name=arch>{{cite news|work=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto]]|title=His Grace, Archbishop Thomas Collins|url=http://www.archtoronto.org/about_us/archbishop_collins.html}}</ref> As a child he attended and was an [[altar server]] at the [http://www.churchofourlady.com/ Church of Our Lady].<ref name=arch/> He attended [[Bishop Macdonell Catholic High School|Bishop Macdonell High School]], where he was inspired by one of his [[English language|English]] teachers to join the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]].<ref name=arch/>

Earning a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in English from [[St. Jerome's University|St. Jerome College]], [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]] in 1969, Collins was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Deacon|diaconate]] on 14 May 1972.<ref name=arch/> In 1973, he received a [[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|Master of Arts]] in English from the [[The University of Western Ontario|University of Western Ontario]] and a [[Bachelor of Theology]] from [[St. Peter's Seminary (Diocese of London, Ontario)|St. Peter's Seminary]], [[London, Ontario|London]].<ref name=arch/>

==Priesthood==
Collins was ordained a priest for the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton, Ontario|Diocese of Hamilton]] by Bishop [[Paul Francis Reding|Paul Reding]] on 5 May, 1973.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Thomas Christopher Collins|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bcollins.html}}</ref> He then served as [[Curate|associate pastor]] at Holy Rosary Parish in [[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]] and at [[Christ the King Cathedral (Hamilton)|Christ the King Cathedral]], as well as teacher and [[chaplain]] at [[Cathedral High School (Hamilton, Ontario)|Cathedral Boys' High School]].<ref name=arch/> He furthered his studies in [[Rome]] at the [[Pontifical Biblical Institute]], from which he obtained a [[Licentiate]] in [[Bible|Sacred Scripture]] in 1978.<ref name=archives>{{cite news|work=Archives of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto|title=Archbishop Thomas Christopher Collins|url=http://www.archtoronto.org/archives/bishops/collins.htm}}</ref>

Upon his return to Ontario in 1978, Collins served as a [[lecturer]] in English at [[King's University College (University of Western Ontario)|King’s College]] and in Scripture at [[St. Peter's Seminary (Diocese of London, Ontario)|St. Peter's Seminary]], where he later became [[Spiritual direction|spiritual director]] (1981) and [[Professor|associate professor]] of Scripture (1985).<ref name=arch/> Returning to Rome, he completed a [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|Doctorate in Sacred Theology]] from the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] in 1986.<ref name=archives/> His doctoral [[Thesis|dissertation]] was entitled: ''"[http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Revelation&verse=22:6-21&src=! Apocalypse 22:6–21] as the Focal Point of Moral Teaching and Exhortation in the [[Book of Revelation|Apocalypse]]."''<ref name=arch/>

After becoming [[editing|associate editor]] of ''Discover the Bible'' in 1989, Collins returned to [[St. Peter's Seminary (Diocese of London, Ontario)|St. Peter's Seminary]] as [[Dean (education)|Dean]] of [[Theology]] and vice-[[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] in 1992.<ref name=arch/> He later served as rector of St. Peter's from 1995 to 1997.<ref name=archives/>

==Episcopal ministry==
On 25 March, 1997, Collins was appointed [[Coadjutor Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta|Saint Paul in Alberta]] by [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref name=hierarchy/> He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 14 May from Bishop [[Anthony Tonnos]], with Bishops [[Raymond Roy]] and [[John Michael Sherlock|John Sherlock]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], at the Cathedral of Christ the King.<ref name=hierarchy/> He selected as his episcopal [[motto]]: ''"Deum Adora"'', meaning, ''"Worship God"'' ({{Bibleverse||Revelation|22:9}}).<ref name=arch/>

Collins succeeded Bishop Roy as the fifth [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta|Bishop of Saint Paul in Alberta]] upon the latter's retirement on 30 June, 1997.<ref name=hierarchy/> He became a member of the [http://www.cccb.ca/site/content/view/2047/1139/lang,eng/ National Commission of Theology] in [[Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops]] (CCCB) that same year.<ref name=arch/> He was promoted to Coadjutor Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton|Edmonton]] on 18 February, 1999, and later succeeded Archbishop [[Joseph Neil MacNeil|Joseph MacNeil]] as the sixth [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton|Archbishop of Edmonton]] on the following 7 June.<ref name=hierarchy/> Within the CCCB, he served as [[Chair (official)|Chairman]] of the National Commission of Theology (1999–2001), member of the [http://www.cccb.ca/site/content/view/1896/986/1/2/lang,eng/ Permanent Council] (1999–2003), and Chairman of the [http://www.cccb.ca/site/content/view/2049/1146/lang,eng/ National Commission on Christian Unity] (2001–2003).<ref name=arch/> He was also a member of the organizing committee for [[World Youth Day 2002]], which was held in [[Toronto]]. From 1999 to 2007, he was [[President]] of the Alberta Conference of Catholic Bishops. In addition to his duties as [[Ordinary (officer)|ordinary]] of the Edmonton Archdiocese, he was [[Apostolic Administrator]] of Saint Paul in Alberta from 16 March to 8 September 2001.<ref name=hierarchy/>

After serving in Edmonton for nearly eight years, Collins was named the tenth [[Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto|Archbishop of Toronto]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 16 December, 2006.<ref name=hierarchy/> He succeeded [[Aloysius Ambrozic]], and was formally [[Enthronement|installed]] at [[St. Michael's Cathedral (Toronto)|St. Michael's Cathedral]] on 30 January, 2007.<ref name=arch/> He is heavily involved in the [[pro-life movement]]. Archbishop Collins is a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Social Communications]] since his appointment by Pope Benedict XVI on 5 January, 2010. [http://www.queenofpeace.ca/Archbishop%20Thomas%20Collins.php#] [http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2008/jul/08070207.html] [http://catholicexchange.com/2008/10/12/114137/] [http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/24912.php?index=24912&lang=en#NOMINA%20DI%20MEMBRI%20DEL%20PONTIFICIO%20CONSIGLIO%20DELLE%20COMUNICAZIONI%20SOCIALI]

Archbishop Collins was the apostolic visitor to the [[Archdiocese of Cashel]] in Ireland following the publication of the Ryan and [[Murphy Report]]s in 2009. He was part of a team that included [[Cormac Murphy-O'Connor]], Cardinal Archbishop Emeritus of Westminster, who inspected Cardinal Brady's [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Armagh|Archdiocese of Armagh]], [[Sean O'Malley]] of Boston, who inspected the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin|Archdiocese of Dublin]], and Ottawa's Archbishop [[Terrence Prendergast]], who looked at the west of Ireland ([[Archdiocese of Tuam]]), while Archbishop of New York Timothy Dolan was apostolic visitor to the Irish seminaries.<ref>[http://www.independent.ie/national-news/bishops-summoned-to-rome-for-abuse-crisis-talks-2357103.html Bishops summoned to Rome for abuse crisis talks]</ref>

On 18 February, 2012 he was created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Patrizio]]''. He will retain voting rights in a potential [[conclave]] until his 80th birthday. In addition to his other duties in the [[Roman Curia]] Cardinal Collins was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].

==See also==
*[[Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto|Archbishop of Toronto]]
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto]]
*[[Apostolic visitation to Ireland]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-rel}}
{{Succession box |
before=[[Raymond Roy]] |
title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta|Bishop of Saint Paul in Alberta]]|
after= [[Joseph Luc André Bouchard]] |
years=1997–1999}}

{{Succession box |
before=[[Joseph Neil MacNeil]] |
title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton|Archbishop of Edmonton]]|
after= [[Richard William Smith]] |
years=1999–2006}}
{{Succession box |
before=[[Aloysius Ambrozic]] |
title=[[Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto|Archbishop of Toronto]]|
after= Incumbent |
years=2007–present}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=160175641}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Collins, Thomas
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH =16 January 1947
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Guelph]], [[Ontario]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Collins, Thomas}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Toronto]]
[[Category:Canadian pro-life activists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Guelph]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Archbishops of Edmonton]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:University of Western Ontario alumni]]
[[Category:University of Waterloo alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Canadian cardinals]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Canadian Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Pontifical Biblical Institute alumni]]

[[cs:Thomas Christopher Collins]]
[[de:Thomas Collins (Kardinal)]]
[[es:Thomas Christopher Collins]]
[[fr:Thomas Christopher Collins]]
[[it:Thomas Christopher Collins]]
[[la:Thomas Christopher Collins]]
[[nl:Thomas Christopher Collins]]
[[pl:Thomas Christopher Collins]]
[[pt:Thomas Christopher Collins]]
[[ru:Коллинз, Томас Кристофер]]
[[fi:Thomas Christopher Collins]]

Timothy M. Dolan

2013-02-13T16:13:53Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian Leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Timothy Michael Dolan
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Cardinal-Archbishop of New York]]
| other_post = {{unbulleted list|Cardinal-Priest of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario|[[United States Conference of Bishops|President of the U.S. Conference of Bishops]]}}
| image = Archbishop Timothy Dolan 20090519.jpg
| caption =
| province = New York
| diocese = New York
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|New York]]
| appointed = February 23, 2009
| term_start = April 15, 2009
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Edward Egan]]
| successor =
| ordination = June 19, 1976
| ordinated_by = [[Edward Thomas O'Meara]]
| consecration = August 15, 2001
| consecrated_by = [[Justin Francis Rigali]]
| cardinal = February 18, 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis|Auxiliary Bishop of St. Louis]] (2001–2002)|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee|Archbishop of Milwaukee]] (2002–2009)|}}
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|2|6}}
| birth_place = [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], United States
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = American
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| motto = Ad Quem Ibimus ([[English language|English]]: ''To Whom Shall We Go?'',({{bibleverse||John|6:68}})<ref name="archny.org">http://www.archny.org/about-us/timothy-cardinal-dolan/the-coat-of-arms/ Accessed October 13, 2012</ref>
| signature =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Timothy Michael Dolan.svg
}}
{{infobox cardinal styles
| cardinal name = Timothy Dolan
| dipstyle = His Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| relstyle =
| deathstyle =
| image = Coat of arms of Timothy Michael Dolan.svg
| image_size = 100px
| See = New York
}}

{{Ordination
| date of diaconal ordination =
| place of diaconal ordination =
| ordained deacon by =
| date of priestly ordination = 19 June 1976
| place of priestly ordination =
| ordained priest by = [[Edward Thomas O'Meara]]
| date of consecration = 15 August 2001
| place of consecration = [[Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis]], [[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]]
| consecrated by = [[Justin F. Rigali]]
| co-consecrator1 = [[Joseph Fred Naumann]]
| co-consecrator2 = [[Michael John Sheridan]]
| bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1
| bishop 1 = [[William P. Callahan|William P. Callahan, O.F.M. Conv.]]
| consecration date 1 = 21 December 2007
| bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2
| bishop 2 = [[Terry R. LaValley]]
| consecration date 2 = 30 April 2010
|
}}

'''Timothy Michael Dolan''' (born February 6, 1950) is an [[United States|American]] [[Cardinalate|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Appointed by [[Pope Benedict XVI]], Dolan is the tenth and current [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]]. Dolan also currently serves as the [[President]] of the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]] and was granted the titular position as [[Archpriest]] of [[List of titular churches in Rome|Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario]] (''[[English language|English]]: Our Lady of Guadalupe of Mount Mario'') in [[Rome]].

Dolan is widely known for his [[conservative]] values and [[charismatic]] media personality. He previously served as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee|Archbishop of Milwaukee]] from 2002 to 2009, preceded by service as an [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis|Auxiliary Bishop of St. Louis]] from 2001 to 2002. ''Time Magazine'' named Dolan one of the "100 Most Influential People in the World" for 2012.

Cardinal Dolan has been named in the press as a likely preferiti (a likely successor) for election to the Papacy after [[Pope Benedict XVI]] announced his resignation. <ref>The Washington Post: An American Pope? Eyes turn to New York's Cardinal Timothy Dolan http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/an-american-pope-eyes-turn-to-new-yorks-cardinal-timothy-dolan/2013/02/12/bce5e846-755c-11e2-9889-60bfcbb02149_story.html</ref> <ref>St. Louisan Cardinal Timothy Dolan - a papal prospect - startled by pope's resignation http://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/faith-and-values/st-louisan-cardinal-timothy-dolan---a-papal-prospect/article_7de58a7a-3da0-52fd-b43c-d38f0c9a1293.html</ref> <ref>Irish Central, The Irish Times. New Yorkers back Cardinal Timothy Dolan as replacement for Pope Benedict in Rome http://www.irishcentral.com/news/New-Yorkers-back-Cardinal-Timothy-Dolan-as-replacement-for-Pope-Benedict-in-Rome---VIDEO-190995941.html#ixzz2KnDQHvGl</ref>

==Early life==
The eldest of five children, Timothy Dolan was born in [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], to Robert (d. 1977) and Shirley (''née'' Radcliffe) Dolan.<ref name=milwaukee>{{cite news|work=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee]]|title=Archbishop Dolan|url=http://www.archmil.org/bishops/ArchbishopDolan.asp}}</ref> His father was an [[aircraft]] [[Aerospace engineering|engineer]], working as a floor supervisor at [[McDonnell Douglas]].<ref name=powell>{{cite news|date=February 23, 2009|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=A Genial Conservative for New York's Archdiocese|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/nyregion/24dolan.html|last=Powell|first= Michael}}</ref><ref name=interview>{{cite news|date=April 9, 2009|work=Catholic New York|title=As installation nears, Archbishop Dolan reflects on becoming Archbishop of New York|url=http://www.cny.org/archive/int/int040909.htm}}</ref> He has two brothers, one of whom is a former [[radio]] [[Radio personality|talk-show host]],<ref name=archdiocese>{{cite news |date=June 25, 2002 |work=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee]] |title=St. Louis Auxiliary Bishop Timothy M. Dolan Named Archbishop of Milwaukee |url=http://www.archmil.org/news/ShowArchivedNews.asp?ID=1058}}</ref> and two sisters. The family later moved to [[Ballwin, Missouri|Ballwin]], a suburb of St. Louis, where they attended [http://www.holyinfantballwin.org Holy Infant Roman Catholic Church].<ref name=herald>{{cite news |date=June 25, 2002 |work=Madison Catholic Herald |title=Biography of Bishop Timothy M. Dolan |url=http://www.madisoncatholicherald.org/2002-06-20/local-state.html}}</ref> He exhibited a strong interest in the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|Roman Catholic priesthood]] from an early age, once saying, "I can never remember a time I didn't want to be a priest."<ref name=beacon>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2009 |work=St. Louis Becaon |title=Dolan to shepherd New York Catholics |url=http://www.stlbeacon.org/nation/dolan_to_shepherd_new_york_catholics |last=Rice |first=Patricia}}</ref> He would also pretend to celebrate [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] as a child.<ref name=family>{{cite news|date=April 9, 2009|work=Catholic New York|title=Close-Knit Family|url=http://www.cny.org/archive/ld/ld7040909.htm|last=McDonnell|first=Claudia}}</ref>

==Formation and Priesthood==
Dolan entered ''Saint Louis Preparatory Seminary'' in [[Shrewsbury, Missouri]] in 1964, and later obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[philosophy]] from [[Kenrick-Glennon Seminary|Cardinal Glennon College]]. He was sent by Cardinal [[John Carberry]] to further his studies in [[Rome]], where he attended the [[Pontifical North American College]], and the [[Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas|Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum'']] from which he earned the degree of [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology]] in 1976.

Dolan was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a priest by [[Edward Thomas O'Meara|Edward O'Meara (Archbishop of Indianapolis, then Auxiliary Bishop of St. Louis)]] on June 19, 1976. He then served as an [[Curate|associate pastor]] at Cure' of Ars in Shrewsbury and Immacolata Roman Catholic Parish in [[Richmond Heights, Missouri|Richmond Heights]] until 1979. From there he began his [[Doctorate|doctoral]] studies at [[The Catholic University of America]] under [[John Tracy Ellis]] with a concentration on the history of the [[Roman Catholicism in the United States|Church in America]]; his [[thesis]] centered on [[Edwin Vincent O'Hara| Edwin Vincent O'Hara (Archbishop)]].<ref name=milwaukee/> Dolan performed [[Parish (Catholic Church)|pastoral]] work upon his return to Missouri from 1983 to 1987. During this time he collaborated with [[John L. May|Archbishop John May]] in reforming the [[Diocese|archdiocesan]] [[seminary]].

He was then named [[secretary]] of the [[Nunciature of the Holy See in Washington DC|Apostolic Nunciature]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], serving as a liaison between [[List of the Roman Catholic dioceses of the United States|American dioceses]] and the nunciature.<ref name=beacon/> In 1992, Dolan was appointed Vice-[[Rector (ecclesiastical)|Rector]] of his ''[[alma mater]]'' Kenrick-Glennon Seminary, where he also served as [[Spiritual direction|spiritual director]] and taught [[History of Christianity|Church history]]. He was also an [[adjunct professor]] of [[theology]] at [[Saint Louis University|St. Louis University]].

From 1994 until June 2001, Dolan held the office of [[Pontifical North American College#Rectors|Rector of the Pontifical North American College]] in Rome.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/extras/book_reviews/103197_ribad.htm| title=The secret lives of seminarians | accessdate=February 24, 2009|date=October 31, 1197 | last=Ribadeneira | first=Diego |publisher=The Boston Globe}}</ref> During his tenure he published ''Priests for the Third Millennium'', and taught at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] and the [[Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas|''Angelicum'']].<ref name=beacon/> He also was granted the title of [[Monsignor]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in 1994.<ref name=usccb>{{cite news |date=June 25, 2002 |work=[[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]] |title=St. Louis Auxiliary Bishop Timothy M. Dolan Named Archbishop of Milwaukee |url=http://www.usccb.org/comm/archives/2002/02-121.shtml}}</ref>

==Episcopal career==

===Auxiliary Bishop of St. Louis===
On June 19, 2001, Dolan was appointed [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis|St. Louis]] and [[Titular Bishop]] of ''[[Natchesium]]'' by [[Pope John Paul II]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following August 15 from [[Justin Francis Rigali|Archbishop Justin Rigali]], with [[Joseph Fred Naumann|Bishops Joseph Naumann]] and [[Michael John Sheridan|Michael Sheridan]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. He chose as his episcopal [[motto]]: ''Ad Quem Ibimus'', meaning, "Lord, To Whom Shall We Go?" ({{bibleverse||John|6:68}})<ref name=milwaukee/> taken from St. John’s Gospel. 6:68.<ref name="archny.org"/>

===Archbishop of Milwaukee===
On June 25, 2002, Dolan was named the tenth [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee|Archbishop of Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]]. He was formally [[Enthronement|installed]] at the [[Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Milwaukee, Wisconsin)|Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist]] on August 28, 2002. Dolan said he was challenged and haunted by the [[Sexual abuse scandal in Catholic archdiocese of Milwaukee|sexual abuse scandal in that diocese]], which broke during his tenure<ref name=shares>{{cite news |date=February 24, 2009 |work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] |title=Back in Milwaukee, Dolan shares joy, sentiments |url=http://www.jsonline.com/features/religion/40248052.html |last=Johnson |first=Annysa}}</ref> There were over 8,000 reports of abuse by in excess of 100 staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wtaq.com/news/articles/2012/feb/10/lawyer-more-than-8000-children-abused-by-milwaukee-archdiocese-priests/|title=Lawyer: More than 8,000 children abused by Milwaukee archdiocese priests – WTAQ News Talk 97.5FM and 1360AM|date=February 10, 2012|publisher=[[WTAQ]]|accessdate=February 15, 2012|quote=An attorney says at least 8,000 kids were sexually abused by over 100 priests and other offenders in the Milwaukee Catholic Diocese. Jeffrey Anderson made the assertion yesterday at a court hearing on the first compensation claims filed by abuse victims as part of church's bankruptcy proceedings. Anderson told Judge Susan Kelley that sealed bankruptcy documents outlined the extent of the abuse. He said the offenders include 75 priests who have not been previously named by the archdiocese. Anderson represents over half of the 570 victims who filed for compensation.}}</ref>

He took a special interest in priests and [[Vocational discernment in the Catholic Church|vocations]],<ref name=vitello>{{cite news|date=February 24, 2009|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=A Guy's Guy: Dolan's Personality May Help Archdiocese Recruit More Priests|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/25/nyregion/25priests.html?_r=1&ref=nyregion|last=Vitello|first=Paul}}</ref><ref name=joy>{{cite news|date=April 9, 2009|work=Catholic New York|title='Joy Attracts Joy'|url=http://www.cny.org/archive/ld/ld11040909.htm|last=Dos Santos|first=Juliann}}</ref> and the number of [[seminary]] enrollments also rose during his tenure. In an outdoor Mass in September 2002, Dolan wore a "[[cheesehead]]" hat in tribute to the [[Green Bay Packers]] during his [[homily]].<ref name=kandra>{{cite news |date=February 13, 2009 |work=The Deacon's Bench|title=Dolin' the dish on Dolan|url=http://deacbench.blogspot.com/2009/02/dolin-dish-on-dolan.html|last=Kandra|first=Greg}}</ref> He also wrote ''Called to Be Holy'' (2005) and ''To Whom Shall We Go? Lessons from the Apostle Peter'' (2008), and co-hosted a television program with his brother called ''Living Our Faith''.<ref name=family/>

In June 2012 it was revealed that Dolan "authorized payments of as much as $20,000 to sexually abusive priests as an incentive for them to agree to dismissal from the priesthood when he was the archbishop of Milwaukee" and that " a document unearthed during bankruptcy proceedings for the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and made public by victims’ advocates reveals that the archdiocese did make such payments to multiple accused priests to encourage them to seek dismissal, thereby allowing the church to remove them from the payroll".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/31/us/cardinal-authorized-payments-to-abusers.html?src=recg | work=The New York Times | first=Laurie | last=Goodstein | title=In Milwaukee Post, Cardinal Authorized Paying Abusers | date=May 30, 2012}}</ref>

===Archbishop of New York===
[[File:Coat of arms of Timothy Michael Dolan.svg|thumb|left|250px|Coat of Arms of Cardinal Dolan]]
On February 23, 2009, Dolan was appointed the tenth [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref name=newyork>{{cite news|date=February 23, 2009|work=[[Holy See]]|title=Rinuncia Dell'Arcivescovo Metropolita di New York (U.S.A.) e Nomina Del Successore|url=http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/23453.php?index=23453&lang=en}}</ref> The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, the nation's second-largest after the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles]], serves over 2.5 million Roman Catholics.<ref name=newyork/> He succeeded Cardinal [[Edward Egan]], who reached the mandatory retirement age of 75 in 2007. According to Dolan, he was informed of his appointment "nine, ten days" prior to the official announcement.<ref name=interview>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2009 |work=Whispers in the Loggia |title=Interview #1 |url=http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2009/02/interview-1.html |last= Palmo |first= Rocco}}</ref> Recalling the phone call he received from [[Nunciature of the Holy See in Washington DC|Apostolic Nuncio]] [[Pietro Sambi]], as opposed to his appointments as Auxiliary Roman Catholic Bishop of St. Louis and Archbishop of Milwaukee when Dolan was told that the Pope "would like [him] to" take the posts, he said that Sambi "was quite factual" in that he told him that "the Pope had appointed [him]" to New York, giving Dolan little choice other than to accept.<ref name=interview/>

The last time an Archbishop of New York was named without previously holding an office in the archdiocese's ranks came in 1939, when [[Pope Pius XII]] tapped close friend and then-Auxiliary Bishop [[Francis Spellman]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Archdiocese of Boston]]; however, Cardinal [[John Joseph O'Connor]] had served as an auxiliary to Cardinal [[Terence Cooke]] in the latter's capacity as head of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA|military ordinariate]], not as Archbishop of New York.

Before Dolan's appointment, his name had been repeatedly mentioned as a possible successor to Cardinal Egan.,<ref name=times>{{cite news |date=April 21, 2008 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Egan May Be Leaving the Archdiocese Soon, Now That a Historic Visit Has Ended |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/21/us/nationalspecial2/21egan.html |last= Newman |first= Andy}}</ref><ref name=nytimes>{{cite news |date=February 4, 2009 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Choice of a New Archbishop in New York Is Near, Speculation Suggests |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/05/nyregion/05bishop.html?_r=1 |last= Goodstein |first= Laurie}}</ref><ref name=newsmax>{{cite news |date=January 29, 2009 |work=Newsmax |title=Pope to Announce New Archbishop of New York |url=http://www.newsmax.com/us/pope_archbishop_NY/2009/01/29/176473.html |last=Pentin |first=Edward}}</ref> but he downplayed such speculation, saying, "Anytime there's kind of a major [[Episcopal see|see]] that [[Sede vacante|opens]], what have we seen with [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington|Washington]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore|Baltimore]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Detroit]], now [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|New York]], my name for some reason comes up. I'm flattered."<ref name=wisn>{{cite news |date=February 8, 2009 |work=WISN Milwaukee |title=Archbishop Dolan Comments On Possible NYC Future |url=http://www.wisn.com/news/18668691/detail.html}}</ref> [[John L. Allen, Jr.|John Allen, Jr.]], Vatican correspondent for the [[National Catholic Reporter]], has noted that Pope Benedict's appointment of Dolan, like those of [[Donald Wuerl]], [[Edwin Frederick O'Brien|Edwin O'Brien]], and [[Dennis Marion Schnurr|Dennis Schnurr]], follows a pattern of choosing prelates "who are basically conservative in both their politics and their theology, but also upbeat, pastoral figures given to dialogue."<ref name=pattern>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2009 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |title=Benedict's U.S. appointments follow a pattern |url=http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/benedicts-us-appointments-follow-pattern|last=Allen, Jr.|first=John}}</ref>

Dolan was formally installed as Archbishop of New York at [[St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York|St. Patrick's Cathedral]] on [[Easter Wednesday]], April 15, 2009. He wore the [[pectoral cross]] used by his earlier predecessor [[John Hughes (archbishop)|John Hughes]].<ref name=homily>{{cite news|date=April 15, 2009|work=Whispers in the Loggia|title=The Church Herself Begins|url=http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2009/04/church-herself-begins.html}}</ref> In attendance were eleven cardinals and several New York elected officials.<ref name=installation>{{cite news|date=April 15, 2009|work=City Room|title=The Installation of Archbishop Dolan|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/15/the-installation-of-archbishop-dolan/?apage=1|last=Chan|first=Sewell and Cara Buckley}}</ref>

Dolan received the [[pallium]], a [[vestment]] worn by [[metropolitan bishop]]s, from Pope Benedict XVI on June 29, 2009, in a ceremony at [[St. Peter's Basilica]].<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20100219190650/http://212.77.1.245/news_services/press/vis/dinamiche/b0_en.htm LENT: PATH OF CONVERSION AND OPENNESS TO DIVINE LOVE] (February 17, 2010)</ref>

He served as [[Chair (official)|chairman]] of the board of directors of [[Catholic Relief Services]] (in which capacity he visited [[Ethiopia]] and [[India]]<ref name=impression>{{cite news|date=April 9, 2009|work=Catholic New York|title=He's made a Positive Impression|url=http://www.cny.org/archive/ld/ld9040909.htm|last=Lajoie|first=Ron}}</ref>) until his election as president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, and he remains a member of the [[Board of Trustees of The Catholic University of America]]. Within the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]], he chairs the Priestly Life and Ministry Committee and sits on the Subcommittee on the Church in Africa. In November 2007, he lost the election for [[Vice President]] of the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]], being defeated by Bishop [[Gerald Frederick Kicanas|Gerald Kicanas]] by a margin of twenty-two votes.

Dolan is also the apostolic visitor to Irish seminaries as part of the [[Apostolic visitation to Ireland]] following the publication of the Ryan and [[Murphy Report]]s in 2009. Dolan will form part of a team that will include Cardinal [[Cormac Murphy-O'Connor]], the cardinal-archbishop emeritus of Westminster, who will inspect Cardinal Brady's [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Armagh|archdiocese of Armagh]], and Cardinal O'Malley of Boston who is to inspect [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin|Dublin]]. Toronto's Archbishop [[Thomas Christopher Collins]] will investigate [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel|Cashel]], while Ottawa's Archbishop [[Terrence Prendergast]] will look at the archdiocese of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuam|Tuam]]. Following the conclusion, he will report their findings directly to [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref>[http://www.independent.ie/national-news/bishops-summoned-to-rome-for-abuse-crisis-talks-2357103.html Bishops summoned to Rome for abuse crisis talks]. Independent.ie. September 29, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

On January 5, 2011, he was appointed among the first members of the newly created [[Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26652.php?index=26652&lang=en#NOMINA Di Membri Del Pontificio Consiglio Per La Promozione Della Nuova Evangelizzazione]. Press.catholica.va. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

In December 2011 Dolan was awarded the rank of Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus by HRH Prince Victor Emmanuel.<ref>[http://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/events.asp?id=785]</ref>

In 2011 he led a root and branch review of all structures and processes at the [[Pontifical Irish College]] in Rome. The report was highly critical of the college, as a result of which three Irish members of the staff were sent home and a fourth resigned. Four Irish archbishops, Cardinal Seán Brady, Archbishop of Armagh; the Archbishop of Dublin, Dr Diarmuid Martin; the Archbishop of Tuam, Dr Michael Neary, and the Archbishop of Cashel, Dr Dermot Clifford, were sent a copy of the visitation report by the Vatican. A response prepared for them said "a deep prejudice appears to have coloured the visitation and from the outset and it led to the hostile tone and content of the report".<ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2012/0615/1224317977635.html Irish College staff in Rome given no right of reply</ref><ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/frontpage/2012/0615/1224317985472.html Vatican report critical of culture and ethos of Irish College in Rome</ref> The visitation report said “a disturbingly significant number of seminarians gave a negative assessment of the atmosphere of the house”. Staff, it added, were “critical about any emphasis on Rome, tradition, the magisterium, piety or assertive orthodoxy, while the students are enthusiastic about these features”. A change in the staff was recommended. Elsewhere the report said: “The apostolic visitor noted, and heard from students, an ‘anti-ecclesial bias’ in theological formation.”<ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/frontpage/2012/0615/1224317985472.html Vatican report critical of culture and ethos of Irish College in Rome</ref>

On December 29, 2011 he was appointed a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Social Communications]] for a five-year renewable term.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28604.php?index=28604&lang=en Nomina Di Membri Del Pontificio Consiglio Delle Comunicazioni Sociali]. Press.catholica.va (2011-12-29). Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref> On April 21, 2011 he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29094.php?index=29094&po_date=21.04.2012&lang=en]</ref>

In 2012, Dolan expressed his public disappointment in the ''HHS Mandate'' promulgated by American President [[Barack Obama]]. In a televised [[CBS]] interview, Dolan condemned the interference of the government in, what he viewed, as dismissal of right to religious conscience and religious freedom regarding the mandatory compulsion of religious groups and organizations to provide [[abortifacient]] drugs and [[contraception]] insurance coverage to its hired employees, while at the same time against the moral tenets of the [[Roman Catholic]] faith<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7398092n Archbishop Dolan on contraception controversy – CBS News Video]. Cbsnews.com (2012-02-09). Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref> After [[Barack Obama]] revised the rule, Dolan said the "first decision was a terribly misguided judgment" and said the new rule was "a first step".<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57374852-503544/timothy-dolan-birth-control-tweak-a-first-step/ Timothy Dolan: Birth control tweak a "first step" – Political Hotsheet]. CBS News. February 10, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

On January 24, 2012, Dolan went on a religious pilgrimage to the [[Israel|Holy Land]], where he met [[Latin]] [[Patriarch]] of [[Jerusalem]] [[Fouad Twal]].<ref>[http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/local/new_york&id=8510904]</ref><ref>Chabin, Michele. (2012-02-02) [http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/cardinal-designate-dolan-and-fellow-priests-on-pilgrimage-boost-holy-land-c/ Cardinal-Designate Dolan and Fellow Priests on Pilgrimage Boost Holy Land Christians | Daily News]. NCRegister.com. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

===President of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops===
Dolan was elected on November 16, 2010, to the presidency of the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]], becoming the first New York bishop to attain the post. Dolan replaced Cardinal Francis George, who did not run for re-election. In a vote of 128–111, Dolan beat out nine others, including [[Gerald Frederick Kicanas|Bishop Gerald F. Kicanas]] of Tucson, Arizona, to win the three-year term.<ref>{{cite news|date=November 16, 2010|work=CNN|title=Dolan Elected President of US Catholic Bishops Conference|url=http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/11/16/dolan-elected-president-of-u-s-catholic-bishops-conference/?hpt=T2}}</ref> Dolan took office two days later.

===Elevation into the College of Cardinals===
On January 6, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI announced that Dolan would be created a [[cardinal (catholicism)|cardinal]] at the [[consistory]] of the Church held on February 18, 2012.<ref name=timesblog>{{cite news | date=January 6, 2012 |work=[[The New York Times]] | title=Archbishop Dolan to Become Cardinal |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/06/archbishop-dolan-to-become-cardinal/ | last=Goodman |first=J. Goodman}}</ref> Archbishop Dolan was formally elevated to the cardinalate by Pope Benedict XVI on February 18, 2012, receiving the traditional red biretta and gold ring during a ceremony in [[Saint Peter's Basilica]].<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46438235/ns/world_news-europe/#.Tz_X6FHOqWE Pope makes NY's Timothy Dolan a cardinal ]</ref> The day prior, he addressed the pope and the College of Cardinals on spreading the faith in a secularized world.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/archbishop-timothy-dolan-vatican-city-cardinal-article-1.1024837 Timothy Dolan receives red hat from Pope Benedict in Vatican City]</ref> He was created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[List of titular churches in Rome|Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario]]''. He was the first archbishop of New York not to receive the [[titular church]] of [[Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Rome|Santi Giovanni e Paolo]] since 1946, with that title still being held by Cardinal Egan, who is now [[archbishop emeritus]] of New York.

==Views==

===Conscience rights===
In November 2009, Dolan signed an ecumenical statement known as the ''[[Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience|Manhattan Declaration]]'' calling on evangelicals, Roman Catholics and Orthodox not to comply with rules and laws permitting abortion, same-sex marriage and other matters that go against their religious consciences.<ref>[http://demossnews.com/manhattandeclaration/press_kit/manhattan_declaration_signers Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience]. Demossnews.com. November 20, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

===Iraq war===
While noting that the "Church has weighed in" against the [[Iraq War|war in Iraq]] and [[capital punishment]], Dolan defended not publicly opposing President [[George W. Bush]]'s earlier appearance at Notre Dame by saying, "Where President Bush would have taken positions on those two hot-button issues that I'd be uncomfortable with, namely the war and capital punishment, I would have to give him the benefit of the doubt to say that those two issues are open to some discussion and are not intrinsically evil...In the Catholic mindset, that would not apply to abortion."<ref name=ball>{{cite news|date=April 23, 2009|work=Whispers in the Loggia|title=Play Ball|url=http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2009/04/play-ball.html|last=Palmo|first=Rocco}}</ref> He later said he will challenge any suggestion that Roman Catholics are unenlightened because they oppose [[Same-sex marriage|gay marriage]] and abortion.<ref name=zoll>{{cite news|date=April 13, 2009|agency=Associated Press|title=Dolan to fight anti-Catholic bias|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/national/1110ap_rel_archbishop_dolan.html|last=Zoll|first=Rachel|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref>

===Sexual abuse scandal===
As an auxiliary Roman Catholic bishop, Dolan was criticized for his handling of [[Catholic sex abuse cases|Roman Catholic priests accused of sexual misconduct]], accused of being on a "[[Witch-hunt|witch hunt]]" to dismiss [[abusive]] priests.<ref name=beacon/> He spoke with parishes, victims, and the media about the scandals, and invited victims of clerical abuse to come forward.<ref name=beacon/> Commenting on his meetings with them, Dolan said, "...[i]t is impossible to exaggerate the gravity of the situation, and the suffering that victims feel, because I've spent the last four months being with them, crying with them, having them express their anger to me."<ref name=successor>{{cite news |date=June 26, 2002 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Pope Chooses A Successor To Prelate In Milwaukee |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C03EFD8173EF935A15755C0A9649C8B63 |last= Goodstein |first= Laurie}}</ref> In 2011, Dolan thanked [[Bill Donohue]] for a press release, reproduced on the Archdiocese of New York website, in which Donahue referred to the non-profit support group [[Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests]] as a "phony victims' group".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.archny.org/?p=1556 |title=Gratitude to the Catholic League « The Gospel in the Digital Age |publisher=Blog.archny.org |date=August 11, 2011 |accessdate=February 10, 2012}}</ref> In May 2012, the New York Times revealed that he had also paid some individual abusive priests upward of $20,000 to leave the priesthood rather than reporting them to the proper authorities. Dolan had previously called the accusation that he made these payments "false, preposterous, and unjust".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/31/us/cardinal-authorized-payments-to-abusers.html?_r=2&ref=us |title=In Milwaukee Post, Cardinal Authorized Paying Abusers |deadurl=no |accessdate=February 7, 2013}}</ref>

===World trade center attacks aftermath===
Dolan visited [[World Trade Center site|Ground Zero]], the site of the [[September 11 attacks]], on the following April 24.<ref name=visit>{{cite news|date=April 24, 2009|work=NY1 News|title=New Archbishop Visits World Trade Center Site|url=http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/97924/new-archbishop-visits-world-trade-center-site/Default.aspx}}</ref> After reciting the same prayer used by Benedict XVI during his visit to the United States, Dolan remarked, "We will never stop crying. But it's also about [[Aftermath of the September 11 attacks|September 12]] and all the renewal, the rebuilding, hope, solidarity and compassion that symbolized this great community and still does."<ref name=visit/> Dolan condemned as a miscarriage of justice the release of the convicted Lockerbie bomber al-Megrahi and his reception in Libya.

==Published books==
*Dolan, Timothy M. (1992). ''Some Seed Fell on Good Ground{{spaced ndash}}The Life of Edwin V. O'Hara''. Washington, D.C.: [[Catholic University of America Press]]. ISBN 978-0-8132-0748-3.
*Dolan, Timothy Michael (''circa'' 1993). ''A Century of Papal Representation in the United States''. South Orange, New Jersey: [[Immaculate Conception Seminary School of Theology]] of [[Seton Hall University]]. {{OCLC|3822-1938}}.
*Dolan, Monsignor Timothy M. (2000). ''Priests For The Third Millennium''. Huntington, Indiana: [[Our Sunday Visitor]]. ISBN 978-0-87973-319-3. (A collection of talks given to the seminarians and priests at the [[Pontifical North American College]], a school in [[Rome]], [[Italy]], for [[Roman Catholic]] seminarians and priests.)
*Dolan, Timothy M.; [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis]] (2001). ''Archdiocese of St. Louis{{spaced ndash}}Three Centuries of Catholicism, 1700–2000''. Strasbourg, France: [[Editions du Signe]]. ISBN 978-2-7468-0353-4.
*Dolan, Archbishop Timothy M. (2005). ''Called to Be Holy''. Huntington, Indiana: [[Our Sunday Visitor]]. ISBN 978-1-59276-072-5.
*Dolan, Archbishop Timothy M. (2007). ''Advent Reflections{{spaced ndash}}Come, Lord Jesus!''. Huntington, Indiana: [[Our Sunday Visitor]]. ISBN 978-1-59276-393-1.
*Dolan, Archbishop Timothy M. (2009). ''Doers of the Word{{spaced ndash}}Putting Your Faith into Practice''. Huntington, Indiana: [[Our Sunday Visitor]]. ISBN 978-1-59276-639-0.
*Dolan, Archbishop Timothy M. (2009). ''To Whom Shall We Go?{{spaced ndash}}Lessons from the Apostle Peter''. Huntington, Indiana: [[Our Sunday Visitor]]. ISBN 978-1-59276-050-3.

==See also==
{{portal|Biography|Catholicism}}
*[[List of the Catholic bishops of the United States]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Barelinks|date=February 2013}}
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.archny.org/about-us/timothy-cardinal-dolan] at the Archdiocese of New York website
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdolan.html Timothy Dolan, Catholic Hierarchy]
*[http://www.jsonline.com/news/metro/aug02/69818.asp?format=print Article on Dolan's installation as archbishop] from the ''[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]''
*[http://www.usccb.org/plm/ Priestly Life and Ministry Committee], at the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops website
*[http://www.usccb.org/churchinafrica/subcommittee.shtml Subcommittee on the Church in Africa], at the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops website

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Pontifical North American College#Rectors|Rector of the Pontifical North American College]]
| before = [[John Gavin Nolan]]
| after = [[Kevin McCoy (rector)|Kevin P. McCoy]]
| years = 1994–2001}}
{{succession box
| title = Titular Bishop of Natchesium
| before = [[Edwin Frederick O'Brien]]
| after = [[Salvatore J. Cordileone]]
| years = 2001–2002}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee|Archbishop of Milwaukee]]
| before = [[Rembert Weakland]], OSB
| after = [[Jerome Edward Listecki]]
| years = 2002–2009}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]]
| before = [[Edward Egan]]
| after = incumbent
| years = 2009–present}}
{{succession box
| title = [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|President of the USCCB]]
| before = [[Francis George]], OMI
| after = incumbent
| years = 2010–present}}
{{succession box
| title = Cardinal-Priest of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario
| before = [[Adolfo Suárez Rivera]]
| after = incumbent
| years = 2012–present}}
{{s-end}}
{{ArchbishopsofNY}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=75457317}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Dolan, Timothy
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Archbishop
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1950-02-06
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], United States
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dolan, Timothy}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:American cardinals]]
[[Category:The Catholic University of America alumni]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Kenrick–Glennon Seminary alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical North American College]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
[[Category:People from Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:People from St. Louis County, Missouri]]
[[Category:People from St. Louis, Missouri]]
[[Category:Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical North American College alumni]]
[[Category:Religious leaders from Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Archbishops of New York]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]]
[[Category:Writers from Missouri]]
[[Category:Writers from New York City]]
[[Category:Writers from Wisconsin]]

[[cs:Timothy Dolan]]
[[de:Timothy Dolan]]
[[es:Timothy Michael Dolan]]
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[[ru:Долан, Тимоти Майкл]]

Dominik Duka

2013-02-13T16:12:15Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Dominik Duka O.P.
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]]-[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague|Archbishop of Prague]]
| image = Dominik duka vyska.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| archdiocese = Prague
| diocese =
| see = Prague
| appointed = 13 February 2010
| term_start = 10 April 2010
| predecessor = [[Miloslav Vlk]]
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of Santi Marcellino e Pietro

| ordination = 22 June 1970
| ordinated_by = [[Štěpán Trochta]], S.D.B
| consecration = 26 September 1998
| consecrated_by = [[Karel Otčenášek]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Priest

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1943|4|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hradec Králové]], Czech Republic
| death_date =
| death_place =
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic]]
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Bishop of Hradec Králové (1998–2010)|Apostolic Administrator of Litoměřice (2004–2008)}}
| motto = {{unbulleted list|In Spiritu Veritatis|(In the Spirit of Truth)}}
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Dominik Duka.svg
}}
{{Infobox cardinal styles
| cardinal name =Dominik Duka
| dipstyle = His Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| relstyle =
| See =
| image = Coat of arms of Dominik Duka.svg
| image_size = 200px
}}
'''Dominik Jaroslav Duka''' [[Order of Preachers|O.P.]] (born 26 April 1943, [[Hradec Králové]], [[Bohemia]] (now [[Czech Republic]]) is the 36th [[Archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague|Prague]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zpravy.idnes.cz/ceske-katoliky-povede-duka-papez-mu-sveril-urad-arcibiskupa-pqr-/domaci.asp?c=A100213_104937_domaci_jan|title=České katolíky povede Duka, papež mu svěřil úřad arcibiskupa|publisher=[[Mladá fronta DNES|iDnes]]|language=Czech|accessdate=13 February 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/25133.php?index=25133&lang=en#RINUNCIA%20DELL’ARCIVESCOVO%20DI%20PRAHA%20(REPUBBLICA%20CECA)%20E%20NOMINA%20DEL%20SUCCESSORE Press Office of the Holy See]</ref> and a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zpravy.ihned.cz/cesko/c1-54361850-z-dominika-duky-je-kardinal-jmenoval-ho-papez-benedikt-xvi|title=Z Dominika Duky je kardinál. Jmenoval ho papež Benedikt XVI|language=Czech|accessdate=6 January 2012}}</ref> He previously served as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Hradec Králové|Bishop of Hradec Králové]].

Duka was born in 1943 in [[Hradec Králové]]. On 6 January 1969 he made temporary profession in the [[Dominican Order]] and on 22 June 1970 he was ordained a priest. For five years he worked in various parishes of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague|archdiocese of Prague]] and, on 7 January 1972, he made his solemn profession in the Dominican Order.

In 1975, the Communist government deprived him of the authorisation for the sacred ministry. For almost fifteen years – until the regime collapsed in 1989 – Duka worked as a designer at the factories of Škoda at [[Plzeň]]. In the meantime, he worked in secret in the Order as a novice master and teacher of theology. He studied at the Theological Faculty of [[Litoměřice]]. In 1979, he obtained a [[licentiate]] in theology at the Theological Faculty of St. John the Baptist in [[Warsaw, Poland]]. In 1981/82, he was jailed in Plzeň. From 1986 to 1998 he was Provincial of the Dominicans in [[Bohemia]] and [[Moravia]]. {{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}

After the fall of communism, Duka was elected Federal President of the Conference of Major Superiors and in the years 1992–1996, Vice-President of the Union of European Conferences of Major Superiors. From 1990–99, he was a lecturer in the Faculty of Theology at the [[Palacký University]] in [[Olomouc]], teaching Introduction to Sacred Scripture and biblical anthropology.
{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}

On 6 June 1998 he was appointed bishop of Hradec Králové and received episcopal ordination on 26 September 1998. On 13 February 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed him archbishop of Prague. Duka was formally installed in Prague's [[St. Vitus Cathedral]]. On his appointment, Duka said that:<blockquote>"''The Church must engage in a dialogue with society and must seek reconciliation with it. Twenty years ago, we were euphoric about freedom; today we live in an economic and financial crisis, and also to a certain extent in a crisis of values. So the tasks are going to be a little more difficult. But thanks to everything that’s been done, it will not be a journey into the unknown.''"<ref name="radio">[http://www.radio.cz/en/article/125063 The Vatican appoints Dominik Duka new archbishop of Prague]</ref></blockquote>

One of Archbishop Duka's chief concerns was the long-standing issue of the restitution of church property, which had been confiscated by the [[communist Czechoslovakia|communist regime]], and which were either never fully returned or for which the church was never compensated. The Czech Republic is one of the last countries in Europe not to have ratified a treaty with the Holy See.<ref name="radio"/> After previous attempts at an agreement had failed – most notably in 2008 under [[Miloslav Vlk|Cardinal Vlk]] – the Czech government in mid-January 2012 agreed to a compensation plan, under which the country's seventeen churches, including Catholic and Protestant, would get 56% of their former property now held by the state — estimated at 75 billion koruna ($3.7 billion) — and 59 billion koruna ($2.9 billion) in financial compensation paid to them over the next thirty years. The state will also gradually stop covering their expenses over the next seventeen years.<ref>http://old.news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120111/ap_on_re_eu/eu_czech_religious_restitution</ref>

On 18 February Archbishop Duka was made [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano|Santi Marcellino e Pietro]]''. On 21 April, he was appointed to the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life and [[Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace]].<ref>http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29094.php?index=29094&po_date=21.04.2012&lang=en</ref>

He is [[chaplain general]] and [[grand cross]] of [[Order of Saint Lazarus]].<ref>[http://www.apha.cz/kardinal-duka-slouzil-msi-svatou-pro-lazariany/ Kardinál Duka sloužil mši svatou pro lazariány]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bduka.html Dominik Duka profile at Catholic Hierarchy website]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Karel Otcenášek]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Hradec Králové|Bishop of Hradec Kralove]]| years=6 June 1998,– 13 February 2010}}
{{s-aft|after= [[Jan Vokál]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Miloslav Vlk]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of Prague]]|years=26 April 2010– present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=80406185}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Duka, Dominik
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Czech Catholic cleric; Archbishop of Prague
| DATE OF BIRTH = 26 April 1943
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Hradec Králové]] (now Czech Republic)
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Duka, Dominik}}
[[Category:Czech cardinals]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Prague]]
[[Category:People from Hradec Králové]]
[[Category:Recipients of Medal of Merit (Czech Republic)]]

[[bar:Dominik Duka]]
[[cs:Dominik Duka]]
[[de:Dominik Duka]]
[[es:Dominik Duka]]
[[fr:Dominik Duka]]
[[id:Dominik Duka]]
[[it:Dominik Duka]]
[[la:Dominicus Duka]]
[[nl:Dominik Duka]]
[[pl:Dominik Duka]]
[[pt:Dominik Duka]]
[[ru:Дука, Доминик]]
[[sk:Dominik Duka]]

Giuseppe Versaldi

2013-02-13T16:10:52Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Giuseppe Versaldi
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]]
| image = Giuseppe Cardinal Versaldi.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| church =
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 21 September 2011
| term =
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Velasio de Paolis]], CS
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Deacon of Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio

| ordination = 29 June 1967
| ordinated_by = [[Albino Mensa]]
| consecration = 26 May 2007
| consecrated_by = [[Enrico Masseroni]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Deacon

| birth_name = Giuseppe Versaldi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|07|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Vercelli, Italy
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Bishop of Alessandria (della Paglia) (2007–2011)}}
| alma_mater =
| motto = Christi Minister
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Giuseppe Versaldi.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
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| saint_title =
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| other =
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{{Infobox cardinal styles
|image=Coat of arms of Giuseppe Versaldi.svg|image_size=150
| name=Giuseppe Versaldi
| dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]
| offstyle=[[Your Eminence]]
| relstyle=[[Cardinal]]
| deathstyle=none }}
'''Giuseppe Versaldi''' (born 30 July 1943) is president of the [[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]], since his appointment by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 21 September 2011. He previously served as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Alessandria della Paglia|Bishop of Alessandria]]. He was elevated to the cardinalate on 18 February 2012.

Versaldi was born in Villarboit in 1943 and was ordained a priest on 29 June 1967. In 1972 he was sent to Rome to study [[psychology]] and then [[canon law]] at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], where he earned a degree in psychology and a [[doctorate]] in [[canon law]]. Versaldi returned to Vercelli in 1976, was instructed to start the diocesan Family Counseling centre in the same diocese. At the same time he attended courses at the [[Roman Rota]]. He received his law degree in 1980.

In 1977 he was entrusted with the care of the parish of Larizza in the diocese. In 1980 he was called to teach canon law and psychology at the Pontifical Gregorian University. In 1985 he was appointed by the Holy See and in 1990 voter referendum at the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura.

On 25 March 1994 he was appointed [[Vicar General]] of Vercelli, by the then [[Archbishop]] [[Tarcisio Bertone]], who since 2006 has served as [[Cardinal Secretary of State]].

Pope Benedict XVI named him Bishop of Alessandria on 4 April 2007. He was ordained a bishop on 26 May 2007, by [[Enrico Masseroni]], Archbishop of Vercelli, as principal consecrator, and Bishops [[Fernando Charrier]] and [[Natalino Pescarolo]] as co-consecrators. He was installed on 10 June.<ref>http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bversg.html</ref>

After four years as bishop of Alessandria, Versaldi was named President of the [[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]] and archbishop on 21 September 2011 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].

On 18 February 2012 he was created and proclaimed by Benedict XVI as [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio]]''. On 21 April 2012 Cardinal Versaldi was appointed a member of the [[Apostolic Signatura]], the [[Congregation for Bishops]] and the [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29094.php?index=29094&po_date=21.04.2012&lang=en]</ref> Cardinal Versaldi will hold these memberships until his 80th birthday.

Cardinal Versaldi will be one of the 117 cardinal electors to take part in the [[Papal conclave, 2013|2013 conclave]].

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Fernando Charrier]] |
title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Alessandria della Paglia|Bishop of Alessandria]]|
after= [[Guido Gallese]] |
years=4 April 2007 – 21 September 2011}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Velasio de Paolis]], CS
| after=[[incumbent]]
| title=[[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See|President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]]
| years=21 September 2011 – present}}
{{s-end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Versaldi, Giuseppe
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 30 July 1943
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Vercelli, Italy
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Versaldi, Giuseppe}}
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Apostolic Signatura]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]

[[cs:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[de:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[fr:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[it:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[la:Iosephus Versaldi]]
[[nl:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[pl:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[pt:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[ru:Версальди, Джузеппе]]

Angelo Scola

2013-02-13T16:08:10Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Angelo Scola
| honorific-suffix =
| title = Cardinal-Archbishop of Milan
| image = AngeloScola.22-03-2009.jpg
| caption = Cardinal Scola in 2009
| church =[[Catholic Church]]
| archdiocese =[[Milan]]
| appointed = 28 June 2011
| enthroned = 9 September 2011
| predecessor = [[Dionigi Tettamanzi]]
| successor = Incumbent
| ordination = 18 July 1970
| consecration = 21 September 1991
| consecrated_by=[[Bernardin Gantin]]
| cardinal = 21 October 2003
| rank = Cardinal-Priest of Ss. XII Apostoli
| previous_post = [[Patriarch of Venice]] (2002–2011) Rector of the [[Pontifical Lateran University|Lateran University]] (1995–2002) Bishop of [[Grosseto]] (1991–1995)

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|11|7|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Malgrate, Lombardy, Italy
| coat_of_arms=Coat of arms of Angelo Scola.svg
}}

'''Angelo Scola''' ({{IPA-it|ˌandʒelo ˈskɔːla}}) (born 7 November 1941) is an [[Italy|Italian]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]], [[philosopher]] and [[theologian]]. He was appointed [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan|Archbishop of Milan]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 28 June 2011.<ref>{{Cite press release | title = Rinuncia dell'Arcivescovo Mentropolita di Milano (Italia) e nomina del successore | publisher = Holy See Press Office | date = 28 June 2011 | url = http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/27756.php?index=27756 | language = Italian | accessdate = 28 June 2011}}</ref> He had previously served as [[Patriarch of Venice]] since 2002. He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 2003. He is currently considered a [[Papabile|contender to succeed]] Pope [[Benedict XVI]], who has announced his resignation effective 28 February 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pope Rnounces Papal Throne|url=http://visnews-en.blogspot.ca/2013/02/pope-renounces-papal-throne.html|newspaper=Vatican Information Service, 02/11/2013 Bulletin - English Edition}}</ref>

==Biography==

===Early life===
Scola was born in [[Malgrate]], [[Lombardy]], to Carlo Scola, a truck driver,<ref name="cns2005">{{cite news | url = http://www.catholicnews.com/jpii/cardinals/0501853.htm | title = Scholarly Venice cardinal intent on raising church's profile | date = 1 April 2005 | newspaper = Catholic News Service | accessdate = 28 June 2011| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110629151833/http://www.catholicnews.com/jpii/cardinals/0501853.htm| archivedate= 29 June 2011 | deadurl= no}}</ref> and Regina Colombo. He was the younger of two sons; Pietro, his elder brother, died in 1983. He attended high school at the Manzoni Lyceum in [[Lecco]],<ref name="cns2005"/> where he participated in the youth movement ''Gioventù Studentesca'' (Student Youth).

He studied [[philosophy]] at the [[Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore|Catholic University of the Sacred Heart]] from 1964 to 1967, obtaining his [[doctorate]] with a [[Thesis|dissertation]] on Christian philosophy. During this time served as Vice-President and thereafter President of the Milanese diocesan chapter of the ''Federazione Universitaria Cattolica Italiana'', the university student wing of [[Catholic Action]].

At the university Scola met [[Luigi Giussani]], the founder of the [[Roman Catholic lay ecclesial movement|Catholic movement]] [[Communion and Liberation]]. After earning his decree in philosophy and have taught in high schools, Scola decided to became a priest and entered in the [[Archiepiscopal seminary of Milan]], studying one year in [[Saronno]] and the others in [[Venegono Inferiore|Venegono]]. In 1969 Scola asked to the Seminary of Venegono to be ordained [[Subdeacon]] ahead of time but he was not allowed to. Following the advice of Luigi Giussani, in summer 1969 Scola moved to the seminary of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Teramo-Atri|Diocese of Teramo-Atri]] where he studied one year.<ref name="Tornelli">{{cite news | last= Tornielli| first=Andrea |url = http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/news/dettaglio-articolo/articolo/scola-seminario-chiesa-chruch-iglesia-milan-milano-7757//pag/1/ | title =Scola, ecco perchè lasciò il seminario di Milano | date = 6 Nov 2011 | newspaper = La Stampa | accessdate = 12 Febr 2013 }}</ref> On 18 July 1970 Scola was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] in [[Teramo]] by Bishop Abele Conigli.

He then attained a second [[doctorate]] in theology from the [[University of Fribourg]] in [[Switzerland]]. He wrote his dissertation on the works of [[Thomas Aquinas|St. Thomas Aquinas]]. An active collaborator in the [[Communion and Liberation]] movement from the early 1970s, Scola was the Italian editor of the journal ''[[Communio]]'' founded by [[Henri de Lubac]], [[Hans Urs von Balthasar]], and [[Pope Benedict XVI|Joseph Ratzinger]] (later to become Pope Benedict XVI).<ref name="cns2005"/> He conducted book-length interviews with de Lubac and von Balthasar.<ref name="cns2005"/>

After periods of study in [[Munich]] and [[Paris]] and time spent in pastoral work, Scola returned to Fribourg to work as research assistant to the chair of political philosophy at Friburg from 1979 and thereafter Assistant Professor of Fundamental Moral Theology, a position he held until 1982 when he was appointed Professor of Theological Anthropology at the [[Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family]] in [[Rome]] and Professor of Contemporary Christology at the [[Pontifical Lateran University]].

He founded the ''Studium Generale Marcianum'', an academic institute, and the journal ''Oasis'', published in [[Italian language|Italian]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Urdu language|Urdu]] as an outreach to Christians in the [[Islam|Muslim]] world.<ref name="cns2005"/>

From 1986 to 1991 Scola served the [[Roman Curia]] as consultor to the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]]. At the various institutes where he taught he promoted the establishment of bursaries to enable foreign students, particularly those from poorer countries, to study in Italy.

===Bishop of Grosseto===
Scola was named [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grosseto|Bishop of Grosseto]] on 18 July 1991, and was consecrated by Cardinal [[Bernardin Gantin]] (with Bishops Abele Conigli and Adelmo Tacconi serving as co-consecrators) on the following 21 September. As Bishop of Grosseto he promoted a renewal of catechesis in the diocese. Scola chose as his episcopal [[motto]] ''Sufficit gratia tua'' ("Your grace suffices", [[Second Epistle to the Corinthians|2 Corinthians]] 12:9).

Among Scola's chief pastoral concerns in Grosseto were the education of children and youths, vocations and clergy formation (he reopened the diocesan seminary), new approaches to parish life, the pastoral care of labourers (particularly during the difficult period of the dismantling of mines in Grosseto), culture and the family, and the opening of a diocesan mission in [[Santa Cruz, Bolivia]]. During this period he wrote and published a book aimed at young people on the subject of the educative mission of the Church. In his pastoral capacity as bishop, Scola paid particular attention to the issues of education, youth, clergy formation, renewal of parish life, pastoral care of workers, culture and the family.

===Rector of Lateran University and offices in Roman Curia===
[[File:Coat of arms of Angelo Scola (Venice).svg|thumb|left|150px|Arms of Cardinal Scola of Venice]]
Scola in 1995 resigned as bishop of Grosseto to serve as rector of the [[Pontifical Lateran University]] in [[Rome]] and President of the [[Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family]] in Rome, with a term spent as visiting professor at the [[Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family at The Catholic University of America|counterpart Institute]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], during which time he wrote a monograph on the theology of von Balthasar.

In 1995 he became a member of the [[Congregation for the Clergy]]. He also served as member of the Episcopal Commission for Catholic Education of the Italian Bishops' Conference and, from 1996, as president of the Committee for Institutes of Religious Studies which addresses questions of the theological formation of the laity in Italy.

From 1996 to 2001 Scola was a member of the Pontifical Council for Health Workers and wrote several texts on issues around health care. In 1996 he was named a member to the [[Pontifical Council for the Family]].

On 17 January 2009 he was appointed a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Culture]] by Pope Benedict.<ref>{{Cite press release | title =Nomina di membri e di consultori del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura | publisher = Holy See Press Office | date = 17 January 2009 | url = http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/23180.php?index=23180 | language = Italian | accessdate = 28 June 2011}}</ref> On 5 January 2011 he was appointed among the first members of the newly created [[Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]].<ref>{{Cite press release | title = Nomina di membri del Pontificio Consiglio per la Promozione della Nuova Evangelizzazione | publisher = Holy See Press Office | date = 5 January 2011 | url = http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26652.php?index=26652 | language = Italian | accessdate = 28 June 2011}}</ref> He is also a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship.

===Patriarch of Venice===
[[Image:Angelo scola 07 2005.jpg|right|thumb|240px|Cardinal Scola blessing the faithful with the [[Blessed Sacrament]] in Venice, 2005.]]
Scola was appointed [[Patriarch of Venice]] on 5 January 2002, elected President of the Bishops' Conference of the Triveneta region on 9 April 2002 and created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Santi XII Apostoli]] on 21 October 2003. As patriarch Scola developed a reputation of openness and pastoral concern. In Venice, for instance, he set aside Wednesday mornings to meet anyone who wanted to see him, whether or not they had an appointment.<ref>[http://ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/meet-new-crown-prince-catholicism Meet the new Crown Prince of Catholicism]</ref>

After the death of Pope John Paul II in 2005, Scola was considered to be among the ''[[papabile|papabili]]'' in the [[2005 papal conclave]].<ref name="cns2005"/> [[Srđa Trifković]] supported him vigorously in ''[[Chronicles (magazine)|Chronicles]]'' because he saw him as the only man who might reverse what Vatican insiders see as the decay of European culture. The conclave elected Joseph Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI.

===Archbishop of Milan===
On 28 June 2011 he was appointed to replace Cardinal [[Dionigi Tettamanzi]] as Archbishop of Milan, and he left the office of Patriarch of Venice. On 9 September 2011 he took possession of the Archdiocese of Milan by proxy, becoming the Archbishop of Milan to all intents and purposes.<ref>{{Cite press release | title = La ''presa di possesso'' del nuovo Arcivescovo | publisher = Chiesa di Milano | date = 9 September 2011 | url = http://www.incrocinews.it/chiesa-diocesi/la-presa-di-possesso-del-nuovo-arcivescovo-1.45494 | language = Italian | accessdate = 18 September 2011}}</ref> Cardinal Scola received from Pope Benedict XVI the pallium of Metropolitan Archbishop of Milan on 21 September 2011 at Castel Gandolfo. The new Archbishop entered the city of Milan on 25 September 2011 and on that date he was enthroned in his Cathedral with a solemn mass for the beginning of his pastoral ministry in the See of Milan.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Angelo Cardinal Scola | publisher = Catholic Hierarchy | url = http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bscola.html | accessdate = 30 September 2011}}</ref>

[[Image:CARDINAL angelo scola milan italy.jpg|Right|thumb|150px|Cardinal Scola during a Liturgy in [[Cassano Magnago]], 2012.]]

On Monday, 24 October 2011, Pope Benedict XVI named Cardinal Scola to be a member of the [[Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See]].<ref>http://www.zenit.org/article-33719?l=english</ref>
On 7 March 2012 he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28883.php?index=28883&lang=en]</ref> On the 21 April he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]].

==Works==
Scola is the author of numerous [[Theology|theological]] and [[Pedagogy|pedagogical]] works on topics such as [[Medical ethics|bio-medical ethics]], [[theological anthropology]], [[human sexuality]] and marriage and the family, which have been translated into several languages. In addition, he is the author of more than 120 articles published in scholarly journals of philosophy and theology.

;Published works
*{{cite book | title = Hans Urs Von Balthasar: A Theological Style | publisher = Eerdmans Publishing Company | date = 1 September 1995 | ISBN = 0-8028-0894-8}}
*{{cite book | title = The Nuptial Mystery | publisher = Eerdmans Publishing Company | date = 15 February 2005 | ISBN = 0-8028-2831-0}}

;Online texts
*[http://www.secondspring.co.uk/worldreligions/scola1.htm Which Foundation?]
*[http://communio-icr.com/articles/PDF/scola30-2.pdf The Nuptial Mystery: A Perspective for Systematic Theology?] (PDF file)
*[http://www.ewtn.com/library/THEOLOGY/EXTHEO.htm Christian Experience and Theology]
*[http://www.cin.org/lor/satan5.html Satanic Rites in the Church's Judgement]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.angeloscola.it Official website]
* [http://www.cisro.org/ International Journal ''Oasis'']

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=Adelmo Tacconi}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grosseto|Bishop of Grosseto]]|years=20 July 1991 – 14 September 1995}}
{{s-aft|after=Giacomo Babini}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Marco Cé]]}}
{{s-ttl||title=[[Patriarch of Venice]]|years=5 January 2002 – 28 June 2011}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Francesco Moraglia]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef |before=[[Giovanni Battista Re]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Santi XII Apostoli]]|years=21 October 2003 – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef| before=[[Dionigi Tettamanzi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of Milan]] | years= 9 September 2011 – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Bishops and Archbishops of Milan}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=22157098}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Scola, Angelo
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Cardinal of the Catholic Church and Archbishop of Milan
| DATE OF BIRTH = 7 November 1941
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Malgrate, Italy
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scola, Angelo}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore alumni]]
[[Category:University of Fribourg alumni]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Lecco]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Venice]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Clergy]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Culture]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Milan]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]]
[[Category: Communion and Liberation]]

[[ca:Angelo Scola]]
[[cs:Angelo Scola]]
[[de:Angelo Scola]]
[[es:Angelo Scola]]
[[fr:Angelo Scola]]
[[hy:Անջելո Սկոլա]]
[[hr:Angelo Scola]]
[[it:Angelo Scola]]
[[la:Angelus Scola]]
[[lmo:Àngiul Scola]]
[[nl:Angelo Scola]]
[[no:Angelo Scola]]
[[pl:Angelo Scola]]
[[pt:Angelo Scola]]
[[ru:Скола, Анджело]]
[[sl:Angelo Scola]]
[[fi:Angelo Scola]]
[[sv:Angelo Scola]]
[[uk:Анджело Скола]]

Adam Maida

2013-02-13T02:38:59Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Adam Joseph Maida
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Archbishop Emeritus of Detroit]]
| image = CardinalAdamMaida.jpg
| caption = Cardinal Maida (left) outside the [[Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament]]
| province =
| diocese =
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Detroit]] ([[emeritus]])
| enthroned = June 12, 1990
| ended = January 5, 2009
| predecessor = [[Edmund Szoka]]
| successor = [[Allen Henry Vigneron]]
| ordination = May 26, 1956
| ordinated_by=[[John Francis Dearden]]
| consecration = January 25, 1984
| consecrated_by=[[Pio Laghi]]
| cardinal = November 26, 1994
| rank =
| other_post =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1930|3|18|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania|East Vandergrift]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
|previous_post=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay|Bishop of Green Bay]] (1984-90) [[Roman Catholic Mission Sui Iuris of Cayman Islands|Superior of Cayman Islands]] (2000-09)
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
| motto = {{unbulleted list|Facere Omnia Nova|(To Make All Things New)}}
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Adam Maida.svg
}}
{{Infobox cardinalstyles
| image=Coat of arms of Adam Maida.svg
| image_size = 200px
| cardinal name = Adam Maida
| dipstyle = His Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| relstyle =
| deathstyle =
| See = Detroit (emeritus)
}}
'''Adam Joseph Maida''' (born March 18, 1930) is an [[United States|American]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He was [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Archbishop of Detroit]] from 1990 to 2009, and was elevated to [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] in 1994.<ref name=aod>{{cite news|work=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit]]|title=Biography of Adam Cardinal Maida|url=http://www.aodonline.org/AODOnline/Meet+the+Bishops+12188/Adam+Cardinal+Maida+2244/Adam+Cardinal+Maida+-+Biography.htm}}</ref> He previously served as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay|Bishop of Green Bay]] from 1984 to 1990.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Adam Joseph Cardinal Maida|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmaida.html|last=Cheney|first=David M.}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Adam Maida was born in [[East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania|East Vandergrift]], [[Pennsylvania]], to Adam and Sophie (née Cieslak) Maida.<ref name=cardinals>{{cite news|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|title=MAIDA, Adam Joseph (1930- )|url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-m.htm#Maida|last=Miranda|first=Salvador}}</ref> The oldest of three children, he has two brothers, Thaddeus (who also became a [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]]) and Daniel.<ref name=obituary>{{cite news|date=2008-01-31|work=The Michigan Catholic|title=Mrs. Sophie Maida|url=http://www.aodonline.org/NR/exeres/EFD7010A-7A36-471A-B796-0630353A4E75.htm|last=Lukowski|first=Kristin}}</ref> His father immigrated from [[Poland]] at age 16, while his mother was the daughter of Polish immigrants.<ref name=obituary/> He and his brothers attended [[Public school (government funded)|public school]]s in East Vandergrift since there was no local [[Catholic school]]s.<ref name=ordination>{{cite news|work=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit]]|title=50th Anniversary of Ordination|url=http://detroityoungadults.com/AODOnline/Meet+the+Bishops+12188/Adam+Cardinal+Maida+2244/50th+Anniversary+of+Ordination+14354/50th+Anniversary+of+Ordination+-+Chapter+1.htm}}</ref>

Maida attended each Vandergrift High School and Scott Township High School for one year.<ref name=aod/> During his sophomore year of high school, he decided to enter the priesthood and was sent to [[St. Mary's Preparatory]] in [[Orchard Lake Village, Michigan|Orchard Lake Village]], [[Michigan]].<ref name=ordination/> He graduated from St. Mary's Preparatory in 1948, and then entered [[Saint Mary's College (Michigan)|St. Mary's College]], also in Orchard Lake Village.<ref name=vatican>{{cite news|work=[[Holy See]]|title=MAIDA Card. Adam Joseph|url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_maida_aj_en.html}}</ref> In 1950, he transferred to [[Saint Vincent College|St. Vincent's College]] in [[Latrobe, Pennsylvania|Latrobe]], Pennsylvania, where he earned a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in philosophy in 1952.<ref name=cardinals/> He received a [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology]] from [[St. Mary's Seminary and University|St. Mary's University]] in [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], in 1956.<ref name=vatican/>

==Priesthood==
On May 26, 1956, Maida was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a priest by Bishop [[John Francis Dearden|John Dearden]] at the [[Cathedral of Saint Paul in Pittsburgh|Cathedral of St. Paul]] in [[Pittsburgh]].<ref name=hierarchy/> His first assignment was as assistant [[pastor]] of [http://www.stelizparish.org/ St. Elizabeth of Hungary Church] in [[Pleasant Hills, Pennsylvania|Pleasant Hills]].<ref name=sharpe>{{cite news|date=1983-11-08|work=[[Pittsburgh Press]]|title=Priest here named Green Bay bishop|last=Sharpe|first=Jerry}}</ref> He later served at [http://www.parishesonline.com/scripts/hostedsites/Org.asp?ID=11875 Holy Innocents Church] in [[Sheraden (Pittsburgh)|Sheraden]].<ref name=sharpe/> In 1958, he was sent by Bishop Dearden to study at the [[Pontifical Lateran University]] in [[Rome]], where he earned a [[Licentiate of Canon Law]] in 1960.<ref name=cardinals/> He received his [[Juris Doctor]] from [[Duquesne University School of Law]] in 1964; he was admitted to practice law before the [[Bar (law)|bar]] for the [[Pennsylvania|Commonwealth of Pennsylvania]], the [[United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania|Federal Bar in Western Pennsylvania]], and the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]].<ref name=aod/>

Maida served as vice-[[Chancellor (ecclesiastical)|chancellor]] and general counsel (1965–83) of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh|Diocese of Pittsburgh]].<ref name=ordination/> In 1968, he was elected president of the [[Canon Law Society of America]].<ref name=sharpe/> He served on a papal commission to draft a due process procedure giving the laity legal recourse within the Church, and participated in the revision of the [[1983 Code of Canon Law|Code of Canon Law]]; for the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|National Conference of Catholic Bishops]], he worked on the adoption of a due process procedure and chaired the bishops' Canonical Affairs Committee.<ref name=ordination/>

He served as a member of the diocesan tribunal, assistant professor of theology at [[La Roche College]], and adjunct professor of law at Duquesne University Law School (1971–83).<ref name=vatican/> He was also [[chaplain]] of the St. Thomas More Society.<ref name=cardinals/>

==Episcopacy==

===Bishop of Green Bay===
On November 8, 1983, Maida was appointed the ninth [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay|Bishop of Green Bay]], [[Wisconsin]], by [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref name=hierarchy/> He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal]] [[consecration]] on January 25, 1984 from Archbishop [[Pio Laghi]], with Bishops [[Aloysius John Wycislo|Aloysius Wycislo]] and [[Vincent Leonard]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], at the [[Cathedral of Saint Francis Xavier in Green Bay|Cathedral of St. Francis Xavier]].<ref name=hierarchy/>

During his tenure in Green Bay, Maida appointed the diocese's first female chancellor and first female parish director.<ref name=gbdioc>{{cite news|work=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay]]|title=Bishops of the Diocese of Green Bay|url=http://www.gbdioc.org/what-the-church-can-do-for-you/archives/bishops-of-the-diocese.html}}</ref> He also established a diocesan planning council and ministry formation program, initiated a diocesan census, implemented the [[Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults|RCIA]] process, and raised $9 million through Lumen Christi education endowment campaign.<ref name=gbdioc/>

===Archbishop of Detroit===
[[File:Cardinal Adam Maida.png|200px|thumb|left|The coat of arms of Cardinal Maida, as Archbishop of Detroit]]
In 1990, the Pope named Cardinal [[Edmund Szoka]], [[Archbishop of Detroit]], to serve as a [[Roman Curia|Vatican]] official, and subsequently chose Bishop Maida as his successor in Detroit as on April 28 of that year.<ref name="TheCompass01092009" /> Maida was installed as the fourth Archbishop of Detroit on June 12.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://multimedia.detnews.com/pix/photogalleries/newsgallery/maida_01052009/index4.htm |title=Photo Gallery, Adam Maida, shepherd of the Archdiocese of Detroit |publisher=[[Detroit News]] |date=2009-01-22 |accessdate=2009-01-22 |quote=Picture 4 caption: Cardinal Edmund Szoka and Archbishop Adam Maida face the congregation at Maida's installation as Archbishop of Detroit, June 12, 1990.}}</ref>

On November 26, 1994, [[Pope]] [[John Paul II]] elevated Maida to the [[Sacred College of Cardinals]] as [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Vitale, Rome|Ss. Vitale, Valeria, Gervasio e Protasio]]''.<ref name="TheCompass01092009" /> In 2000, Maida was appointed the first superior of the [[Roman Catholic Mission Sui Iuris of Cayman Islands|Mission ''Sui Iuris'' of Cayman Islands]]. In April 2005, following the Pope's death, he traveled to the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] as a [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal elector]] to participate in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. Maida is no longer eligible to vote in any future conclaves as he reached his 80th birthday on March 18, 2010.

Maida is the ecclesiastic advisor to the Catholic Advisory Board for the [[Ave Maria Mutual Funds]] and is a member of the [[Board of Trustees of The Catholic University of America|Board of Trustees]] of the [[Catholic University of America]]. In 2002, St. Gertrude School, part of the [[Diocese of Greensburg]] in [[Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania]], was renamed Cardinal Maida Academy in Maida's honor. The school, which offers instruction from grades kindergarten through six, is near his hometown of [[East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania]].

On March 18, 2005, Maida followed church law and submitted his retirement request to the Vatican (age 75).<ref name="TheCompass01092009" /> The Vatican asked Maida to remain archbishop until further notice.<ref name="TheCompass01092009">{{cite news|title=Cardinal Maida retires; successor named|date=January 9, 2009|publisher=The Compass (official publication of the Catholic Diocese of Green Bay, Wisconsin)|accessdate=2009-01-13}}</ref> On June 8, 2006 Maida celebrated the 50th anniversary of his ordination to the priesthood. {{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}

On January 5, 2009, the Holy See announced acceptance of Maida's resignation and appointed of [[Allen Henry Vigneron]], then [[Bishop of Oakland]], as his successor as Archbishop of Detroit. Vigneron was installed on January 28, 2009 at the [[Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament]] in Detroit<ref>{{cite news|first=Mike |last=Wilkinson|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Maida's successor will be first native son to lead Archdiocese of Detroit|url=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090105/LIFESTYLE04/901050390|work=|publisher=''Detroit News''|date=|accessdate=5 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/18411549/detail.html#-|title=Detroit Gets New Archbishop|accessdate=2009-01-06|date=2009-01-05|publisher=WDIV|quote=Maida, selected to lead the Archdiocese of Detroit in 1990, submitted his resignation in 2005 when he turned 75 as required by church law, but the pope had invited him to continue. Maida's resignation now has been accepted.}}</ref> Cardinal Maida became [[apostolic administrator]] of the Archdiocese of Detroit and assisted incoming Archbishop Vigneron with the transition.<ref>{{Cite news| last=Yonke | first=David | title=Archbishop appointed to Detroit diocese | newspaper=Toledo Blade | date=January 6, 2009 | url=http://www.toledoblade.com/Religion/2009/01/06/Archbishop-appointed-to-Detroit-diocese.html | accessdate=December 20, 2012}}</ref>

Maida celebrated his final mass at the cathedral on January 25, 2009. This was also held in celebration of the 25th anniversary of his consecration as a bishop.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090126/LIFESTYLE04/901260373 |title=More than 1,000 attend final Mass for archbishop Maida |publisher=[[Detroit News]] |author=Jim Lynch |date=2009-01-26 |accessdate=2009-01-26 |quote=On Sunday (January 25, 2009), with Maida celebrating his final regular Mass as the archbishop of Detroit, Butkunas and Giedraitis traveled to Detroit for a special 3 p.m. service at the Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament. ... More than 1,000 people crammed Blessed Sacrament Sunday for a service that marked the 25-year anniversary of Maida's ordination.}}</ref>

== Episcopal succession ==

{{Episcopal succession
| date of consecration = January 25, 1984
| consecrated by = [[Pio Cardinal Laghi]]
| bishop 1 = [[Bernard Joseph Harrington]]
| consecration date 1 = January 6, 1994
| bishop 2 = [[Kevin Michael Britt]]
| consecration date 2 = January 6, 1994
| bishop 3 = [[Carl Frederick Mengeling]]
| consecration date 3 = January 25, 1996
| bishop 4 = [[John Clayton Nienstedt]]
| consecration date 4 = July 9, 1996
| bishop 5 = [[Allen Henry Vigneron]]
| consecration date 5 = July 9, 1996
| bishop 6 = [[James Albert Murray]]
| consecration date 6 = January 27, 1998
| bishop 7 = [[Leonard Paul Blair]]
| consecration date 7 = August 24, 1999
| bishop 8 = [[Earl Alfred Boyea, Jr.]]
| consecration date 8 = September 13, 2002
| bishop 9 = [[Walter Allison Hurley]]
| consecration date 9 = August 12, 2003
| bishop 10 = [[Francis Ronald Reiss]]
| consecration date 10 = August 12, 2003
| bishop 11 = [[John Michael Quinn]]
| consecration date 11 = August 12, 2003
| bishop 12 = [[Alexander King Sample]]
| consecration date 12 = January 25, 2006
| bishop 13 = Daniel Ernest Flores
| consecration date 13 = November 29, 2006
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.aodonline.org/aodonline-sqlimages/AuxillaryBishops/Maida/MaidaBio.pdf Biography from the Archdiocese of Detroit (in PDF format)]
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-m.htm#Maida Cardinal Adam Maida, The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmaida.html Cardinal Adam Maida, Catholic Hierarchy]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay|Bishop of Green Bay]]
| before = [[Aloysius John Wycislo]]
| after = [[Robert Joseph Banks (Catholic Bishop)|Robert Banks]]
| years = January 25, 1984 – April 28, 1990 }}
{{succession box | before=[[Edmund Szoka]] | title=[[Archbishop of Detroit]] | years=June 12, 1990– January 5, 2009 | after=[[Allen Henry Vigneron]]}}
{{succession box
| before = ''Mission sui iuris Erected''
| title = [[Roman Catholic Mission Sui Iuris of Cayman Islands|Ecclesiastical Superior of the Cayman Islands]]
| years = July 14, 2000 – January 5, 2009
| after = [[Allen Henry Vigneron]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=162563888}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Maida, Adam
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 18, 1930
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maida, Adam}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American cardinals]]
[[Category:American theologians]]
[[Category:Duquesne University alumni]]
[[Category:Saint Vincent College alumni]]
[[Category:Religious leaders from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:American people of Polish descent]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Archbishops of Detroit]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:The Catholic University of America trustees]]
[[Category:Duquesne University faculty]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Religious leaders from Wisconsin]]

[[cs:Adam Joseph Maida]]
[[de:Adam Joseph Maida]]
[[fr:Adam Joseph Maida]]
[[it:Adam Joseph Maida]]
[[la:Adam Iosephus Maida]]
[[nl:Adam Joseph Maida]]
[[no:Adam Joseph Maida]]
[[pl:Adam Joseph Maida]]
[[pt:Adam Joseph Maida]]
[[ru:Мэйда, Адам Джозеф]]
[[sl:Adam Joseph Maida]]
[[fi:Adam Joseph Maida]]

Fernando Filoni

2013-02-13T02:35:44Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

Dominik Duka

2013-02-13T02:33:11Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

Thomas Collins (cardinal)

2013-02-13T02:30:17Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Thomas Christopher Collins
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto|Cardinal-Archbishop of Toronto]]
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Thomas Christopher Collins.svg
| caption =
| province = [[Ontario]]
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto]]
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto|Toronto]]
| term_start= 30 January 2007
| ended =
| appointed = 16 December 2006
| predecessor = [[Aloysius Ambrozic]]
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of San Patrizio
| ordination = 5 May 1973
| ordinated_by = [[Paul Francis Reding]]
| consecration = 14 May 1997
| consecrated_by = [[Anthony Frederick Tonnos]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Coadjutor Bishop of Saint Paul in Alberta (1997)|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta|Bishop of Saint Paul in Alberta]] (1997–1999)|Coadjutor Archbishop of Edmonton (1999)|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton|Archbishop of Edmonton]] (1999–2006)|Apostolic Administrator of Saint Paul in Alberta (2001)}}
| birth_name = Thomas Christopher Collins
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|1|16|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Guelph]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = Canadian
| religion =[[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
}}

{{Infobox cardinal styles
|cardinal name= Thomas Christopher Collins
|dipstyle= His Eminence
|offstyle= Your Eminence
|relstyle= His Eminence
|image= Coat of arms of Thomas Christopher Collins.svg
|image_size=200px
|deathstyle= Not Applicable
|see= [[Toronto]]
}}

'''Thomas Christopher Collins''' (born 16 January 1947) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[prelate]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He is the tenth and current [[Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto|Archbishop of Toronto]], having previously served as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta|Bishop of Saint Paul in Alberta]] (1997–1999) and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton|Archbishop of Edmonton]] (1999–2006). On 6 January 2012, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] appointed him a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] at the 18 February 2012 [[Consistory#Roman_Catholic_Church|consistory]].

==Early life and education==
Collins was born in [[Guelph]], [[Ontario]], the son of the circulation manager of ''[[Guelph Mercury|The Guelph Mercury]]'' and a [[legal secretary]]; he has two older sisters.<ref name=arch>{{cite news|work=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto]]|title=His Grace, Archbishop Thomas Collins|url=http://www.archtoronto.org/about_us/archbishop_collins.html}}</ref> As a child he attended and was an [[altar server]] at the [http://www.churchofourlady.com/ Church of Our Lady].<ref name=arch/> He attended [[Bishop Macdonell Catholic High School|Bishop Macdonell High School]], where he was inspired by one of his [[English language|English]] teachers to join the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]].<ref name=arch/>

Earning a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in English from [[St. Jerome's University|St. Jerome College]], [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]] in 1969, Collins was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Deacon|diaconate]] on 14 May 1972.<ref name=arch/> In 1973, he received a [[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|Master of Arts]] in English from the [[The University of Western Ontario|University of Western Ontario]] and a [[Bachelor of Theology]] from [[St. Peter's Seminary (Diocese of London, Ontario)|St. Peter's Seminary]], [[London, Ontario|London]].<ref name=arch/>

==Priesthood==
Collins was ordained a priest for the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton, Ontario|Diocese of Hamilton]] by Bishop [[Paul Francis Reding|Paul Reding]] on 5 May, 1973.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Thomas Christopher Collins|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bcollins.html}}</ref> He then served as [[Curate|associate pastor]] at Holy Rosary Parish in [[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]] and at [[Christ the King Cathedral (Hamilton)|Christ the King Cathedral]], as well as teacher and [[chaplain]] at [[Cathedral High School (Hamilton, Ontario)|Cathedral Boys' High School]].<ref name=arch/> He furthered his studies in [[Rome]] at the [[Pontifical Biblical Institute]], from which he obtained a [[Licentiate]] in [[Bible|Sacred Scripture]] in 1978.<ref name=archives>{{cite news|work=Archives of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto|title=Archbishop Thomas Christopher Collins|url=http://www.archtoronto.org/archives/bishops/collins.htm}}</ref>

Upon his return to Ontario in 1978, Collins served as a [[lecturer]] in English at [[King's University College (University of Western Ontario)|King’s College]] and in Scripture at [[St. Peter's Seminary (Diocese of London, Ontario)|St. Peter's Seminary]], where he later became [[Spiritual direction|spiritual director]] (1981) and [[Professor|associate professor]] of Scripture (1985).<ref name=arch/> Returning to Rome, he completed a [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|Doctorate in Sacred Theology]] from the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] in 1986.<ref name=archives/> His doctoral [[Thesis|dissertation]] was entitled: ''"[http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Revelation&verse=22:6-21&src=! Apocalypse 22:6–21] as the Focal Point of Moral Teaching and Exhortation in the [[Book of Revelation|Apocalypse]]."''<ref name=arch/>

After becoming [[editing|associate editor]] of ''Discover the Bible'' in 1989, Collins returned to [[St. Peter's Seminary (Diocese of London, Ontario)|St. Peter's Seminary]] as [[Dean (education)|Dean]] of [[Theology]] and vice-[[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] in 1992.<ref name=arch/> He later served as rector of St. Peter's from 1995 to 1997.<ref name=archives/>

==Episcopal ministry==
On 25 March, 1997, Collins was appointed [[Coadjutor Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta|Saint Paul in Alberta]] by [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref name=hierarchy/> He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 14 May from Bishop [[Anthony Tonnos]], with Bishops [[Raymond Roy]] and [[John Michael Sherlock|John Sherlock]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], at the Cathedral of Christ the King.<ref name=hierarchy/> He selected as his episcopal [[motto]]: ''"Deum Adora"'', meaning, ''"Worship God"'' ({{Bibleverse||Revelation|22:9}}).<ref name=arch/>

Collins succeeded Bishop Roy as the fifth [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta|Bishop of Saint Paul in Alberta]] upon the latter's retirement on 30 June, 1997.<ref name=hierarchy/> He became a member of the [http://www.cccb.ca/site/content/view/2047/1139/lang,eng/ National Commission of Theology] in [[Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops]] (CCCB) that same year.<ref name=arch/> He was promoted to Coadjutor Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton|Edmonton]] on 18 February, 1999, and later succeeded Archbishop [[Joseph Neil MacNeil|Joseph MacNeil]] as the sixth [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton|Archbishop of Edmonton]] on the following 7 June.<ref name=hierarchy/> Within the CCCB, he served as [[Chair (official)|Chairman]] of the National Commission of Theology (1999–2001), member of the [http://www.cccb.ca/site/content/view/1896/986/1/2/lang,eng/ Permanent Council] (1999–2003), and Chairman of the [http://www.cccb.ca/site/content/view/2049/1146/lang,eng/ National Commission on Christian Unity] (2001–2003).<ref name=arch/> He was also a member of the organizing committee for [[World Youth Day 2002]], which was held in [[Toronto]]. From 1999 to 2007, he was [[President]] of the Alberta Conference of Catholic Bishops. In addition to his duties as [[Ordinary (officer)|ordinary]] of the Edmonton Archdiocese, he was [[Apostolic Administrator]] of Saint Paul in Alberta from 16 March to 8 September 2001.<ref name=hierarchy/>

After serving in Edmonton for nearly eight years, Collins was named the tenth [[Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto|Archbishop of Toronto]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 16 December, 2006.<ref name=hierarchy/> He succeeded [[Aloysius Ambrozic]], and was formally [[Enthronement|installed]] at [[St. Michael's Cathedral (Toronto)|St. Michael's Cathedral]] on 30 January, 2007.<ref name=arch/> He is heavily involved in the [[pro-life movement]]. Archbishop Collins is a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Social Communications]] since his appointment by Pope Benedict XVI on 5 January, 2010. [http://www.queenofpeace.ca/Archbishop%20Thomas%20Collins.php#] [http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2008/jul/08070207.html] [http://catholicexchange.com/2008/10/12/114137/] [http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/24912.php?index=24912&lang=en#NOMINA%20DI%20MEMBRI%20DEL%20PONTIFICIO%20CONSIGLIO%20DELLE%20COMUNICAZIONI%20SOCIALI]

Archbishop Collins was the apostolic visitor to the [[Archdiocese of Cashel]] in Ireland following the publication of the Ryan and [[Murphy Report]]s in 2009. He was part of a team that included [[Cormac Murphy-O'Connor]], Cardinal Archbishop Emeritus of Westminster, who inspected Cardinal Brady's [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Armagh|Archdiocese of Armagh]], [[Sean O'Malley]] of Boston, who inspected the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin|Archdiocese of Dublin]], and Ottawa's Archbishop [[Terrence Prendergast]], who looked at the west of Ireland ([[Archdiocese of Tuam]]), while Archbishop of New York Timothy Dolan was apostolic visitor to the Irish seminaries.<ref>[http://www.independent.ie/national-news/bishops-summoned-to-rome-for-abuse-crisis-talks-2357103.html Bishops summoned to Rome for abuse crisis talks]</ref>

On 18 February, 2012 he was created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Patrizio]]''. He will retain voting rights in a potential [[conclave]] until his 80th birthday. In addition to his other duties in the [[Roman Curia]] Cardinal Collins was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].

==See also==
*[[Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto|Archbishop of Toronto]]
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto]]
*[[Apostolic visitation to Ireland]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-rel}}
{{Succession box |
before=[[Raymond Roy]] |
title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta|Bishop of Saint Paul in Alberta]]|
after= [[Joseph Luc André Bouchard]] |
years=1997–1999}}

{{Succession box |
before=[[Joseph Neil MacNeil]] |
title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton|Archbishop of Edmonton]]|
after= [[Richard William Smith]] |
years=1999–2006}}
{{Succession box |
before=[[Aloysius Ambrozic]] |
title=[[Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto|Archbishop of Toronto]]|
after= Incumbent |
years=2007–present}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=160175641}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Collins, Thomas
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH =16 January 1947
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Guelph]], [[Ontario]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Collins, Thomas}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Toronto]]
[[Category:Canadian pro-life activists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Guelph]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Archbishops of Edmonton]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:University of Western Ontario alumni]]
[[Category:University of Waterloo alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Canadian cardinals]]
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[[Category:Pontifical Biblical Institute alumni]]

[[cs:Thomas Christopher Collins]]
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[[ru:Коллинз, Томас Кристофер]]
[[fi:Thomas Christopher Collins]]

Giuseppe Betori

2013-02-13T02:13:53Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Giuseppe Betori
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence|Cardinal-Archbishop of Florence]]
| image = Betori.JPG
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| church =
| archdiocese = Florence
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese = Florence
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 8 September 2008
| term =
| term_start = 26 October 2008
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Ennio Antonelli]]
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello

| ordination = 26 September 1970
| ordinated_by = [[Siro Silvestri]]
| consecration = 6 May 2001
| consecrated_by = [[Camillo Ruini]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Priest

| birth_name = Giuseppe Betori
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|02|25|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Foligno, Italy
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = [[Italy|Italian]]
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Titular Bishop of Falerone (2001–2008)}}
| alma_mater =
| motto = Deo et Verbo Gratiae
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Giuseppe Betori.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
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| attributes =
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| other =
}}
{{Infobox cardinal styles
| name=Giuseppe Betori
| dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]
| offstyle=Your Eminence
| relstyle=[[Cardinal]]
| See=Florence
| deathstyle=not applicable
| image=Coat of arms of Giuseppe Betori.svg
| image_size = 100px}}
'''Giuseppe Betori''' (born 25 February 1947 in [[Foligno]], [[Italy]]) is an Italian [[Cardinal (Catholic)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He is the current [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence|archbishop of Florence]] and the former [[Secretary General]] of the [[Conferenza Episcopale Italiana|Italian Episcopal Conference]].

==Early life==

Ordained [[priest]] in 1970. He received a licentiate in theology at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] and a [[doctorate]] in [[Sacred Scripture]] at the [[Pontifical Biblical Institute]]. He was Professor of anthropology [[biblical exegesis]]; Dean of the Theological Institute of Assisi. He also served as [[undersecretary]] of Italian Episcopal Conference.

==Bishop==
[[File:CoA Giuseppe Betori archbishop Florence.jpg|thumb|left|The coat of arms of H.E. Mgr Giuseppe Betori, as archbishop of Florence before his elevation to Cardinal, as seen on the façade of the ''Palazzo arcivescovile'']]
He was nominated by Pope [[John Paul II]] as [[Secretary General]] of the [[Conferenza Episcopale Italiana|Italian Episcopal Conference]] and was simultaneously appointed [[Titular Bishop]] of ''[[Falerone]]''. He received episcopal consecration on 6 May 2001. He was confirmed as Secretary General of the Italian Episcopal Conference, for a further five-year term, on 6 April 2006.

===Archbishop of Florence===

Betori was appointed to replace [[Ennio Antonelli]], who had been appointed as [[Pontifical Council for the Family|president of the Pontifical Council for the Family]], as archbishop of Florence by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 8 September 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/22550.php?index=22550&lang=en|title=Nomina dell’Arcivescovo di Firenze (Italia)|publisher=Press Office of the Holy See|language=Italian|date=8 September 2008|accessdate=8 September 2008}}</ref> He received the [[pallium]] from Pope Benedict on 29 June 2009, the [[Feast of Saints Peter and Paul]] in Rome. [http://212.77.1.245/news_services/press/vis/dinamiche/b0_en.htm]

On 5 November 2011 Archbishop Betori survived an apparent assassination attempt. An unidentified man confronted the archbishop outside his office, shot and wounded the prelate’s secretary, and waved a gun at the archbishop before escaping. Fr Paolo Brogi, the archbishop's secretary, was reportedly in satisfactory condition after surgery to repair an abdominal wound. Archbishop Betori and witnesses that the gunman said something as he gestured toward the prelate with his firearm, but they could not understand his intent.<ref>[http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=12285 Italian archbishop survives shooting attempt]</ref>

On 10 December 2011 he was appointed a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Culture]] for a five-year renewable term.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28516.php?index=28516&lang=en NOMINA DI MEMBRI DEL PONTIFICIO CONSIGLIO DELLA CULTURA]</ref>

On 6 January 2012 it was announced that Betori would become a cardinal on 18 February. He was created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Marcello al Corso|San Marcello]]'' and will having voting rights in a possible conclave until his 80th birthday. In addition to his duties at Culture, Cardinal Betori was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].

==Views==

===Life and family issues===
In a 2007 speech, he identified as the new enemies of Christianity: abortion, euthanasia, the negation of sexual duality and of a family based on marriage.<ref>[http://wdtprs.com/blog/2007/05/bp-betori-on-the-new-enemies-of-christianity/ Bp. Betori on the new enemies of Christianity]</ref>

===Ordination of homosexuals===
Betori has favored a ban on the [[ordination of homosexuals]], saying the word discrimination can be used where there is a right, but that a vocation is not a right but a gift.<ref>[http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/update/bn112305.htm Vatican document bans most gays from priesthood]</ref>

===Relationship with Benedict XVI===
According to Abbé Claude Barthe, Betori is a member of the [[paleoliberal]] wing of the [[Roman Curia]], who along with [[Giovanni Battista Re]], has constituted a kind of internal curial opposition to the decisions and policies of Pope [[Benedict XVI]].<ref>[http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=0402092_curie http://eucharistiemisericor.free.fr/index.php?page=0402092_curie L’opposition au Pape Benoît XVI dans les allées du pouvoir]</ref>

== External links ==
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bbetori.html Profile of Giuseppe Betori on ''Catholic Hierarchy'']

== Sources ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Ennio Antonelli]]|
title=[[Conferenza Episcopale Italiana|Secretary-General of the Italian Episcopal Conference]]|
after=[[Mariano Crociata]] |
years=5 April 2001 – 8 September 2008}}

{{s-bef|before=[[Ennio Antonelli]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence|Archbishop of Florence]]|years=2008–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Betori, Giuseppe
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 25 February 1947
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Foligno, Italy
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Betori, Giuseppe}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Italian archbishops]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of Florence]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Perugia]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Culture]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]
[[Category:People from Foligno]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:Pontifical Biblical Institute alumni]]

[[cs:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[de:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[fr:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[it:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[la:Iosephus Betori]]
[[nl:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[pl:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[pt:Giuseppe Betori]]
[[ru:Бетори, Джузеппе]]
[[fi:Giuseppe Betori]]

Giuseppe Bertello

2013-02-13T02:08:16Z

190.29.71.51:

Rainer Woelki

2013-02-13T02:05:49Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence Cardinal
| name = Rainer Woelki
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin|Archbishop of Berlin]]
| image = Rainer woelki erzbischof von berlin.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| alt =
| caption =
| church =
| archdiocese = Berlin
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese = Berlin
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 2 July 2011
| term =
| term_start = 27 August 2011
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Georg Maximilian Sterzinsky]]
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of San Giovanni Maria Vianney

| ordination = 14 June 1985
| ordinated_by = [[Joseph Höffner]]
| consecration = 30 March 2003
| consecrated_by = [[Joachim Meisner]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Priest

| birth_name = Rainer Maria Woelki
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|08|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Köln-Mühlheim, Germany
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = German
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Titular Bishop of Scampa (2003–2011)|Auxiliary Bishop of Cologne (2003–2011)}}
| alma_mater =
| motto = {{unbulleted list|Nos Sumus Testes|(We are Witnesses)}}
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Rainer Woelki.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes =
| patronage =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date =

| other =
}}
{{Infobox cardinal styles |
name=Rainer Woelki |
dipstyle=[[His Eminence]] |
image=Coat of arms of Rainer Woelki.svg |
image_size = 200px|
offstyle=[[Your Eminence]] |
relstyle=[[Cardinal]] |
deathstyle=not applicable |}}
'''Rainer Maria Woelki''' (born 18 August 1956) is a [[Germans|German]] [[Cardinalate|Cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. Appointed by [[Pope Benedict XVI]], he has been the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin|Archbishop of Berlin]] since 2 July 2011.<ref>[http://www.news.va/en/news/other-pontifical-acts-32 Other Pontifical Acts, 2 July 2011]</ref>

==Earlier career==

Woelki was born on 18 August 1956 in [[Cologne]] as one of three children of parents who had been expelled from East Prussia at the end of the [[Second World War]]. He studied philosophy and theology at the Theological Faculties of the [[University of Bonn|universities of Bonn]] and [[Freiburg im Breisgau]].<ref name=ZENIT>[http://www.zenit.org/article-23380?l=german&utm_campaign=germanweb&utm_medium=article&utm_source=zenit.org/g-23380 ZENIT (in German)]</ref> On 14 June 1985 [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Joseph Höffner]] ordained him a priest for the [[Archdiocese]] of [[Cologne]].<ref name="Catholic Hierarchy">{{cite web
|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bwoel.html
|title=Archbishop Rainer Maria Woelki
|date=2 July 2011
|publisher=David M. Cheney (Catholic-Hierarchy.org)
|accessdate=4 July 2011}}</ref>

From 1985 to 1989 he was assistant priest at St Mary's Parish in [[Neuss]]. In 1989, he served for a short time as [[military chaplain]] in Münster.<ref name="DieWelt"/> In 1990, he became private secretary to the Archbishop of Cologne.<ref name=ZENIT/>

From 1997 to 2011, he was Director of the "Collegium Albertinum", a residence for major seminarians of the archdiocese studying at the [[University of Bonn]].<ref>[http://incaelo.wordpress.com/2011/07/03/from-cologne-with-love-woelki-to-berlin/ In Caelo et in Terra: "From Cologne with love – Woelki to Berlin"] 3 July 2011</ref> In 1999, [[Pope John Paul II]] granted him the rank of [[Chaplain of His Holiness]], with the title of [[Monsignor]]. In 2000, he obtained a [[doctorate]] in theology, with a thesis on the ecclesiological place of the parish from the [[Pontifical University of the Holy Cross]].<ref name=ZENIT/>

On 24 February 2003, he was appointed [[Titular Bishop]] of Scampa and [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Archdiocese of Cologne]] by Pope John Paul II. He was ordained a bishop on 30 March 2003 by Cardinal [[Joachim Meisner]]. He chose as his episcopal motto "Nos sumus testes" (We are witnesses), from {{bibleverse||Acts|5:32}}.<ref name=ZENIT/>

As auxiliary bishop, he was given responsibility for the north of the archdiocese, with the cities of [[Düsseldorf]] and [[Wuppertal]],<ref name="DieWelt"/> and was [[episcopal vicar]] for the doctrine of the faith and ecumenism, as well as being in charge of the permanent diaconate.<ref name=ZENIT/>

Within the [[German Bishops' Conference]], he became a member of the Commission for Vocations and Ministries of the Church and for Science and Culture. He was also appointed a consultor of the [[Holy See]]'s [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].

== Archbishop of Berlin ==
On 2 July 2011 Pope Benedict XVI ratified Woelki's election by the [[cathedral chapter]] of Berlin and appointed him [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin|Archbishop of Berlin]].<ref name=ZENIT/> The announcement came just two days after the death of Cardinal [[Georg Sterzinsky]], whose resignation from the governance of the see had been accepted in February 2011.<ref name="DieWelt">{{cite web|url=http://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article13463515/Rainer-Woelki-ist-der-neue-Hauptstadt-Bischof.html |title=Rainer Woelki ist der neue Hauptstadt-Bischof |last=Facius |first=Gernot |date=2 July 2011 |publisher=WELT ONLINE |language=German |accessdate=2 July 2011}}</ref>

Woelki has been criticised by some German politicians for his language on [[homosexuality]], and his suitability for the post of archbishop in a city with a significant gay population. In an interview with the Catholic journalist George Schwikart he described homosexuality as an offence against the "order of creation."<ref>''[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/27780.php?index=27780&lang=ge#NOMINA%20DELL%E2%80%99ARCIVESCOVO%20METROPOLITA%20DI%20BERLIN%20%28GERMANIA%29 ''Nomina dell'Arcivescovo Metropolita di Berlin (Germania)]''; in: Presseamt des Heiligen Stuhls: Tägliches Bulletin vom 2. Juli 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.zeit.de/politik/2011-07/bischof-woelki-kritik Neuer Erzbischof wegen Schwulen-Äußerung in der Kritik] in [[Die Zeit]], 04. Juli 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.rp-online.de/panorama/deutschland/Woelki-will-mit-Schwulen-und-Lesben-reden_aid_1012911.html RP-online, 5.7.2011]</ref>

After his appointment he said, "We will meet with each other" when asked about the city's active gay community. "I have respect and esteem for all people independent of heritage, skin colour and individual nature. I am open to all without reservations."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2011/07/05/daniel-in-lions-den-moment-for-new-catholic-archbishop-of-free-wheeling-berlin/ | work=Reuters | date=5 July 2011}}</ref> "The Church is not a moral institution that goes around pointing its finger at people," Woelki said. "The Church is for me a community of seekers and believers and the Church would like to help people find their happiness in life."

He was installed as archbishop of Berlin and took formal possession of his see on 27 August 2011.

One of Archbishop Woelki's first tasks was to prepare for the arrival of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] to Berlin in September 2011 on [[List of journeys of Pope Benedict XVI|his state visit to Germany]], his third visit to his home country since he was elected as Pope in 2005, the first as a state visit.

Having been appointed on 2 July, he waited almost a whole year, until the 2012 [[Feast of Saints Peter and Paul]] (29 June), to receive his [[pallium]] as metropolitan archbishop.

A mere 132 days after his installation in Berlin it was announced on 6 January 2012 that Archbishop Woelki would be created a cardinal on 18 February along with 21 others in Rome,.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28629.php?index=28629&lang=ge Annuncio di Concistorio per la creazione di nuovi Cardinali]'' 6 January 2012</ref> He was duly created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Giovanni Maria Vianney]]'', becoming the youngest member of the [[College of Cardinals]], in succession to [[Reinhard Marx]] of Munich. However, within the same year the creation of [[Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal]] and [[Luis Antonio Tagle]] as cardinals in November 2012 made Woelki the third youngest cardinal.

With his elevation Cardinal Woelki became eligible to vote in future [[papal conclave]]s, and will remain eligible to participate in any that begin before his 80th birthday on 18 August 2036. He was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]] in addition to his duties in Berlin.

In a speech in June 2012 Cardinal Woelki said “''I believe we should agree and indeed we do agree on the fact that in judging this type of relation or relationship there is a big difference in judgement when people take responsibility for one another, when engaged in a long-term relationship as couples do in heterosexual relationships.''” <ref>[http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/homepage/world-news/detail/articolo/berlino-berlin-woelki-15776/]</ref><ref>[http://www.kath.net/detail.php?id=36623&print=yes German text]</ref>

In October 2012 Cardinal Woelki was nominated for a Respect Award by the Alliance Against Homophobia. He was praised by the group for speaking out in favour of a 'new cooperation with homosexuals in society' and officially meeting the Association for Gays and Lesbians for talks. This, the alliance said, had 'broken the tension between his Church and gays and lesbians and had laid the foundations for further exchange and for a constructive dialogue'. However Cardinal Woelki declined the nomination.<ref>[http://www.thetablet.co.uk/blogs/388/17]</ref> In December 2012 Cardinal Woelki unveiled a reorganisation in a 2 Dec pastoral letter to 105 local parishes. Cardinal Woelki said the archdiocese’s finances had “stabilized and improved” thanks to “courageous and responsible decisions” and “great sacrifices” by church institutions. He added that the archdiocese was forecast to lose a further third of its membership by 2030, and he said Catholic schools, nurseries, hospitals, elderly homes and information centers would also be reorganised to reflect this shift.<ref>[http://catholicphilly.com/2012/12/us-world-news/world-catholic-news/berlin-archdiocese-to-restructure-for-administrative-spiritual-reasons/]</ref>

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Georg Sterzinsky]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin|Archbishop of Berlin]]| years=2 July 2011 – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Woelki, Rainer
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Archbishop of Berlin
| DATE OF BIRTH = 18 August 1956
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cologne]], [[Germany]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Woelki, Rainer}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:People from Cologne]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:German cardinals]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Religion in Berlin]]
[[Category:Pontifical University of the Holy Cross alumni]]
[[Category:German military chaplains]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]

[[bar:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[cs:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[de:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[es:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[fr:Rainer Woelki]]
[[it:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[la:Rainerius Maria Woelki]]
[[nl:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[pl:Rainer Woelki]]
[[pt:Rainer Maria Woelki]]
[[ru:Вельки, Райнер Мария]]
[[uk:Райнер Марія Велькі]]

André Vingt-Trois

2013-02-13T02:02:13Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{refimprove|article|date=September 2008}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = André Vingt-Trois
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris|Cardinal-Archbishop of Paris]]
| image = Ile-de-France students mass 2012-11-08 n07.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| church = [[Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris]]
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 11 February 2005
| term = 5 March 2005
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Jean-Marie Lustiger]]
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = 2005

| ordination = 28 June 1969
| ordinated_by = [[François Marty]]
| consecration = 14 October 1988
| consecrated_by = [[Jean-Marie Lustiger]]
| cardinal = 24 November 2007
| rank = [[Cardinal_(Catholicism)#Cardinal_priest|Cardinal-Priest]] of [[San Luigi dei Francesi]]

| birth_name = André Armand Vingt-Trois
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1942|11|07}}
| birth_place = [[Paris, France|Paris]], [[France]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| previous_post = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tours|Archbishop of Tours]] (1999-2005) [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris|Paris]] (1988-1999) [[Titular see|Titular]] Bishop of Thibilis (1988-1999)
| education =
| alma_mater =
| motto = Sic enim Deus Dilexit Mundum (For God so Loved the World)
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Andre Vingt-Trois.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
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| attributes =
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| other =
}}
[[File:PR-2012-05-15 IMG 1483.jpg|thumb|André Vingt-Trois at the 2012 inauguration ceremony of the President of France, Élysée Palace, Paris.]]
{{infobox cardinalstyles
| cardinal name = André Vingt-Trois
| image=Coat of arms of Andre Vingt-Trois.svg
| image_size =200px
| dipstyle = His Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| See = Paris
}}
'''André Armand Vingt-Trois''' ({{IPA-fr|andʁe aʁmɑ̃ vɛ̃‿tʁwa|pron}}) (born 7 November 1942) is a [[France|French]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He currently serves as [[Archbishop of Paris]], having previously served as [[List of Archbishops of Tours|Archbishop of Tours]] from 1999 to 2005. He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 2007.

==Biography==

===Early life and ordination===
André Vingt-Trois was born in [[Paris]] to Armand and Paulette (née Vuillamy) Vingt-Trois. His surname, which translates to "twenty-three" in English, would seem to be explained, according to Vingt-Trois, by an ancestor who, as a child or baby, was abandoned and found on the 23rd day of the month. Vingt-Trois completed his [[Secondary education|secondary studies]] at the [[Lycée Henri IV]] and entered the [[Seminary]] of [[Sulpitius the Pious|Saint-Sulpice]] at [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]] in 1962. He then attended the [[Institut Catholique de Paris]], from where he obtained his [[licentiate]] in [[Ethics in religion|moral theology]]. From 1964 to 1965, Vingt-Trois performed his [[military service]] in [[Germany]]. He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Deacon|diaconate]] by Bishop [[Daniel Pezeril]] in October 1968 and to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Cardinal [[François Marty]] on 28 June 1969.

===Pastoral work===
During his priestly ministry, he worked especially in [[Parish (Catholic Church)|parochial]] [[Catechism|catechetics]] and the formation of the [[laity]]. From 1974 to 1981, Vingt-Trois was [[vicar]] at the Parisian parish of Sainte-Jeanne de Chantal. He then served as [[Director (education)|director]] of his ''[[alma mater]]'' of the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice until 1988, also teaching moral and [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church|sacramental]] [[theology]] there. Vingt-Trois participated in different pastoral movements, including the [[Catholic marriage|Centre de préparation au mariage]] and the sessions of permanent formation of the [[clergy]]. He was later named [[vicar general]] of Paris, and was charged with the [[Diocese|diocesan]] formation (the [[cathedral school]] and diocesan seminary), of the means of communications (Radio Notre-Dame, Paris Notre-Dame, Centre d'Information), of the familial pastoral, of the [[chaplain]]s of public [[education]], and of catechetics.

===Bishop===
On 25 June 1988, Vingt-Trois was appointed [[Auxiliary bishop|Auxiliary Bishop]] of Paris and [[Titular bishop|Titular Bishop]] of ''Thibilis'' by [[Pope John Paul II]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 14 October from [[Jean-Marie Lustiger]], with Bishops Pézeril and Gabriel Vanel serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], in [[Notre Dame de Paris|Notre-Dame Cathedral]]. Vingt-Trois was later named [[List of Archbishops of Tours|Archbishop of Tours]] on 21 April 1999, and [[Archbishop of Paris]] on 11 February 2005. He was installed in Paris on 5 March, and appointed [[Ordinary (officer)|Ordinary]] of French [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Catholics of the Eastern Rites]] as well on 14 March. On 5 November 2007, he was elected [[President]] of the [[Conférence des évêques de France|French Episcopal Conference]] for a term of three years.

===Cardinal===
[[Pope Benedict XVI]] created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Luigi dei Francesi|S. Luigi dei Francesi]]'' in the [[consistory]] of 24 November 2007. Vingt-Trois will be eligible to participate in any future [[papal conclave]]s until he reaches the age of eighty on 7 November 2022.

As a member of the [[Congregation for Bishops]] and the [[Pontifical Council for the Family]] since 12 June 2008<ref>[http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/22278.php?index=22278&lang=en Holy See Press Office bulletin of 12 June 2008]</ref> and of the [[Congregation for the Clergy]] since 2 February 2010,.<ref>[http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/25081.php?index=25081&lang=en Holy See Press Office bulletin of 2 February 2010]</ref> he participates in the plenary meetings of those departments of the [[Roman Curia]], held as far as possible once a year.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19880628_pastor-bonus-general-norms_en.html ''Pastor Bonus'', 11 §2]</ref> On 7 March 2012 he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28883.php?index=28883&lang=en]</ref>

On Tuesday 18 September 2012, Cardinal Vingt-Trois was appointed by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] to serve as one of the papally-appointed Synod Fathers for the upcoming 13 October Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on the New Evangelization.<ref>http://www.microsofttranslator.com/BV.aspx?ref=IE8Activity&a=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.catholica.va%2Fnews_services%2Fbulletin%2Fnews%2F29673.php%3Findex%3D29673%26lang%3Den</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|André Vingt-Trois}}
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios2007.htm#Vingt Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bving.html Catholic-Hierarchy]
*[http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=267 Catholic-pages]
{{s-start}}
{{s-rel| ca}}
{{s-bef| before=Michel Moutel, [[Society of Saint-Sulpice|PSS]]}}
{{s-ttl| title=[[List of Archbishops of Tours|Archbishop of Tours]] | years= 1999–2005}}
{{s-aft| after=Bernard-Nicolas Aubertin, [[Cistercians|OCist]]}}
{{s-bef| before=[[Jean-Marie Lustiger]]}}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Archbishop of Paris]] | years=2005–present}}
{{s-aft| after=incumbent}}
{{end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=32004208}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Vingt-Trois, Andre
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 7 November 1942
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Paris, France|Paris]], [[France]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vingt-Trois, Andre}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
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[[Category:Archbishops of Paris]]
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[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Clergy]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
[[Category:Lycée Henri-IV alumni]]
[[Category:Catholic Institute of Paris alumni]]

[[bar:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[cs:André Vingt-Trois]]
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[[ko:앙드레 뱅 트루아]]
[[it:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[la:Andreas Vingt-Trois]]
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[[nl:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[no:André Armand Vingt-Trois]]
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[[ru:Вен-Труа, Андре]]
[[fi:André Vingt-Trois]]
[[uk:Андре Вен-Труа]]

Giuseppe Versaldi

2013-02-13T02:00:12Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Giuseppe Versaldi
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]]
| image = Giuseppe Cardinal Versaldi.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| church =
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
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| elected =
| appointed = 21 September 2011
| term =
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Velasio de Paolis]], CS
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Deacon of Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio

| ordination = 29 June 1967
| ordinated_by = [[Albino Mensa]]
| consecration = 26 May 2007
| consecrated_by = [[Enrico Masseroni]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Deacon

| birth_name = Giuseppe Versaldi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|07|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Vercelli, Italy
| death_date =
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| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
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| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Bishop of Alessandria (della Paglia) (2007–2011)}}
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| motto = Christi Minister
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{{Infobox cardinal styles
|image=Coat of arms of Giuseppe Versaldi.svg|image_size=150
| name=Giuseppe Versaldi
| dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]
| offstyle=[[Your Eminence]]
| relstyle=[[Cardinal]]
| deathstyle=none }}
'''Giuseppe Versaldi''' (born 30 July 1943) is president of the [[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]], since his appointment by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 21 September 2011. He previously served as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Alessandria della Paglia|Bishop of Alessandria]]. He was elevated to the cardinalate on 18 February 2012.

Versaldi was born in Villarboit in 1943 and was ordained a priest on 29 June 1967. In 1972 he was sent to Rome to study [[psychology]] and then [[canon law]] at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], where he earned a degree in psychology and a [[doctorate]] in [[canon law]]. Versaldi returned to Vercelli in 1976, was instructed to start the diocesan Family Counseling centre in the same diocese. At the same time he attended courses at the [[Roman Rota]]. He received his law degree in 1980.

In 1977 he was entrusted with the care of the parish of Larizza in the diocese. In 1980 he was called to teach canon law and psychology at the Pontifical Gregorian University. In 1985 he was appointed by the Holy See and in 1990 voter referendum at the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura.

On 25 March 1994 he was appointed [[Vicar General]] of Vercelli, by the then [[Archbishop]] [[Tarcisio Bertone]], who since 2006 has served as [[Cardinal Secretary of State]].

Pope Benedict XVI named him Bishop of Alessandria on 4 April 2007. He was ordained a bishop on 26 May 2007, by [[Enrico Masseroni]], Archbishop of Vercelli, as principal consecrator, and Bishops [[Fernando Charrier]] and [[Natalino Pescarolo]] as co-consecrators. He was installed on 10 June.<ref>http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bversg.html</ref>

After four years as bishop of Alessandria, Versaldi was named President of the [[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]] and archbishop on 21 September 2011 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].

On 18 February 2012 he was created and proclaimed by Benedict XVI as [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio]]''. On 21 April 2012 Cardinal Versaldi was appointed a member of the [[Apostolic Signatura]], the [[Congregation for Bishops]] and the [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29094.php?index=29094&po_date=21.04.2012&lang=en]</ref> Cardinal Versaldi will hold these memberships until his 80th birthday.

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Fernando Charrier]] |
title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Alessandria della Paglia|Bishop of Alessandria]]|
after= [[Guido Gallese]] |
years=4 April 2007 – 21 September 2011}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Velasio de Paolis]], CS
| after=[[incumbent]]
| title=[[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See|President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]]
| years=21 September 2011 – present}}
{{s-end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Versaldi, Giuseppe
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 30 July 1943
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Vercelli, Italy
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Versaldi, Giuseppe}}
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Apostolic Signatura]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]

[[cs:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[de:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[fr:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[it:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[la:Iosephus Versaldi]]
[[nl:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[pl:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[pt:Giuseppe Versaldi]]
[[ru:Версальди, Джузеппе]]

Jean-Claude Turcotte

2013-02-13T01:56:30Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Jean-Claude Turcotte
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montreal|Cardinal-Archbishop Emeritus of Montreal]]
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| church =
| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montreal|Montreal]]
| province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montreal|Montreal]]
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montreal|Montreal]]
| elected =
| appointed = March 17, 1990
| term =
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end = March 20, 2012
| predecessor = [[Paul Grégoire]]
| opposed =
| successor = [[Christian Lépine]]
| other_post =

| ordination = May 24, 1959
| ordinated_by =[[Laurent Morin]]
| consecration = June 9, 1982
| consecrated_by = [[Paul Grégoire|Cardinal Grégoire]]
| cardinal = November 26, 1994
| rank =

| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|06|26}}
| birth_place = [[Montréal]], [[Québec]], [[Canada]]
| death_date = 
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| nationality = [[Canada|Canadian]]
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| motto = {{unbulleted list|Servir le Seigneur dans la Joie|(Serve the Lord in Joy)}}
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| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Jean-Claude Turcotte.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

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{{Infobox cardinal styles
| image= Coat of arms of Jean-Claude Turcotte.svg
| image_size = 200px
| cardinal name = Jean-Claude Turcotte
| dipstyle = His Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| See = Montreal
}}
'''Jean-Claude Turcotte''' (born June 26, 1936) is a [[Roman Catholic]] [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] and [[Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal|Archbishop emeritus of Montreal]]. His full title is "Cardinal Priest of Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament and the Holy [[Canadian Martyrs]]".

==Biography==
Born in [[Montreal]], Turcotte attended Collège André-Grasset from 1947 to 1955 and then studied at the Grand Seminaire. He was ordained a [[priest]] on May 24, 1959. In 1965 he earned a diploma in social ministry in [[Lille]], [[France]]. On April 14, 1982, his appointment as the [[titular bishop]] of Suas (a [[titular see]] in what is today [[Tunisia]]) and [[auxiliary bishop]] of Montreal was announced. He was consecrated on June 29 that year. When [[Pope John Paul II]] visited [[Canada]] in 1984, Turcotte organized his visit to Montreal.

He was appointed Archbishop of Montreal on March 17, 1990. John Paul II appointed him a [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[Nostra Signora del SS. Sacramento e Santi Martiri Canadesi]]'' on February 28, 1994. From 1997 to 2000 he was president of the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. Turcotte has participated in the 1993, 1997, 2000, and 2002 [[World Youth Day]]s.

Turcotte is known for his work with the [[poverty|poor]] and writes a weekly religion column in the Sunday edition of the ''[[Journal de Montréal]]''. In 1997, he gave his opinion about Quebec being a [[distinct society]].<ref>[http://www.articlearchives.com/government-public-administration/government-bodies-offices/1519066-1.html Cardinal Turcotte on Quebec independence]</ref>

He was a voting member ([[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal elector]]) of the [[College of Cardinals]] in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]]. [[Margaret Hebblethwaite]], co-author of the book ''The Next Pope'', identified him as ''[[papabile]]''. Other books and the [[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]] also identified him as a long-shot possibility for Pope.

[[Daniel Cere]], head of the Newman Centre at [[McGill University]], told ''[[The Toronto Star]]'' that Turcotte "is very much a pastoral figure, much like [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]."{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} A Toronto priest told the newspaper he was "your man if you want a pastoral ''bon vivant'' [[Pope John XXIII]] figure."{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} [[John L. Allen, Jr.|John Allen]] wrote in the 2002 book ''Conclave'' that Turcotte was seen as a "diamond in the rough, a potentially magnificent leader who is still finding his way."{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} His lack of proficiency in the [[Italian language]], as well as his lack of international experience, were seen as shortcomings. Turcotte is eligible to participate and vote in any future conclaves before his 80th birthday on 26 June 2016.

==Views==

===Abortion===
In 2007, Turcotte presided over the funeral of Supreme Court judge [[Antonio Lamer]], who controversially decided to remove all restrictions to [[abortion]] in [[Tremblay v. Daigle]] in 1989. At the funeral, Turcotte praised Lamer as “a giant of the law” and a man “who worked a great deal for justice”.<ref>[http://catholicinsight.com/online/church/biographies/article_776.shtml Antonio Lamer 'liberated' Canada for abortion]</ref> He was not, however, directly addressing the subject of abortion when he spoke those words.

On September 11, 2008, Turcotte returned his [[Order of Canada]] (appointed in 1996) insignia in protest of the induction of pro-choice activist [[Henry Morgentaler]] on July 1, 2008. The return of his insignia happened later than that of others who had protested against Morgentaler's entry because Turcotte had hoped that the Consultative Council for the Order of Canada would revise its decision. Eventually, fearing that his silence on the matter might be misinterpreted, Turcotte renounced his title Officer of the Order of Canada and returned his insignia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/montreal/story/2008/09/11/mtl-turcotte0911.html|title=Cardinal Turcotte gives back Order of Canada|date=September 11, 2008 | work=CBC News}}</ref> This became effective on June 1, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=5761|title=Resignations from the Order of Canada}}</ref>

In 2009, Turcotte said in an interview that "I can understand that in certain cases, there is almost no other choice than to practice (abortion)", which was seen as controversial in light of his previous condemnation of Morgentaler.<ref>[http://www.cathnews.com/article.aspx?aeid=12980 "I can understand abortion": Montreal cardinal]</ref>

===Political ties===
In 2004, he criticized statements by former minister [[Sheila Copps]] about Turcotte's relationship with [[Pierre Trudeau]].<ref>[http://www.wcr.ab.ca/news/2004/1101/copps110104.shtml Copps 'facts' denied]</ref> He had been present at the [[death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau|state funeral]] of the former PM.

===Women's ordination===
Turcotte refused to accept the ordination of women after a local [[synod]] proposed the idea.<ref>¨[http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/1998d/121198/121198i.htm Montreal Catholics vote for women, married men as priests]</ref>

==Episcopal succession==
{{Episcopal succession
| date of consecration = June 29, 1982
| consecrated by = [[Paul Grégoire]]
| bishop 1 = [[Vital Massé]] ([[Titular Bishop|Titular]] Giru Marcelli, Auxiliary [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jérôme|Saint-Jérôme]])
| consecration date 1 = December 8, 1993
| bishop 2 = [[Neil E. Willard]] (Titular Tisedi, Auxiliary [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montreal|Montreal]])
| consecration date 2 = August 15, 1995
| bishop 3 = [[André Rivest]] (Titular Thubursicum, Auxiliary Montreal)
| consecration date 3 = August 15, 1995
| bishop 4 = [[Anthony Mancini]] (Titular Natchitoches, Auxiliary Montreal)
| consecration date 4 = March 25, 1999
| bishop 5 = [[Louis Dicaire]] (Titular Thizica, Auxiliary Montreal)
| consecration date 5 = March 25, 1999
| bishop 6 = [[Luc Cyr]] ([[Roman Catholic Diocese of Valleyfield|Valleyfield]])
| consecration date 6 = June 17, 2001
| bishop 7 = [[Émilius Goulet]] ([[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint-Boniface|Saint-Boniface]])
| consecration date 7 = September 16, 2001
| bishop 8 = [[André Gazaille]] (Titular Vaga, Auxiliary Montreal)
| consecration date 8 = March 25, 2006
| bishop 9 = [[Lionel Gendron]] (Titular Tagase, Auxiliary Montreal)
| consecration date 9 = March 25, 2006
}}

==References==
<references/>
* [http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=116 Cardinal Turcotte] on [http://www.catholic-pages.com/ catholic-pages.com]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bturcotte.html Cardinal Turcotte] on [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/ catholic-hierarchy.org]
* [http://diocesemontreal.org/archeveque/biographie_arc/english.htm Cardinal Turcotte] at [http://diocesemontreal.org/ Diocese of Montreal]
* [http://diocesemontreal.org/archeveque/chronique_arc/index.htm Cardinal Turcotte's column] in the Journal de Montréal (in French)
* [http://lcn.canoe.com/lcn/infos/lemonde/archives/2005/04/20050402-153018.html Qui succédera à Jean-Paul II?] ([[Le Canal Nouvelles]], April 2, 2005; in French)
* [[John L. Allen, Jr.]], ''Conclave: The Politics, Personalities, and Process of the Next Papal Election'' ISBN 0-385-50453-5
* "Montreal cardinal 'long shot'" (''[[Toronto Star]]'', April 4, 2005, page A7)
* "Declaration by Cardinal Jean-Claude Turcotte, Archbishop of Montreal"[http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2008/11/c3640.html], [http://www.cbc.ca/canada/montreal/story/2008/09/11/mtl-turcotte0911.html?ref=rss]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Paul Grégoire]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montreal|Archbishop of Montreal]]| years = 1990 – 2012}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Christian Lépine]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=106065978}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Turcotte, Jean-Claude
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 26, 1936
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Montreal]], [[Canada]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Turcotte, Jean-Claude}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Montreal]]
[[Category:Canadian cardinals]]
[[Category:Canadian columnists]]
[[Category:People from Montreal]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints]]

[[cs:Jean-Claude Turcotte]]
[[de:Jean-Claude Turcotte]]
[[fr:Jean-Claude Turcotte]]
[[it:Jean-Claude Turcotte]]
[[la:Ioannes Claudius Turcotte]]
[[nl:Jean-Claude Turcotte]]
[[no:Jean-Claude Turcotte]]
[[pl:Jean-Claude Turcotte]]
[[pt:Jean-Claude Turcotte]]
[[ru:Тюркотт, Жан-Клод]]
[[sl:Jean-Claude Turcotte]]
[[fi:Jean-Claude Turcotte]]

Edmund Szoka

2013-02-13T01:51:43Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Edmund Casimir Szoka
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = [[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President Emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]]
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| church =
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Detroit]] ([[emeritus]])
| elected =
| appointed =
| term =
| term_start = October 15, 1997
| quashed =
| term_end = September 15, 2006
| predecessor =
| opposed =
| successor = [[Giovanni Lajolo]]
| other_post =

| ordination = June 5, 1954
| ordinated_by = [[Thomas Lawrence Noa]]
| consecration = July 20, 1971
| consecrated_by = [[John Francis Dearden]]
| cardinal = June 28, 1988
| rank =

| birth_name =
| birth_date ={{Birth date|1927|09|14|}} 
| birth_place = [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]], [[United States of America|U.S.A]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
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| previous_post = [[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See|President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]] (1990-97) [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Archbishop of Detroit]] (1981-90) [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaylord|Diocese of Gaylord]] (1971-1981)
| education =
| alma_mater =
| motto = To Live in Faith
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Edmund Szoka.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
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| other =
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{{Infobox cardinal styles
|image= Coat of arms of Edmund Szoka.svg
|image_size=200px
| dipstyle = His Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| See=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Detroit]] ([[Emeritus]])}}

'''Edmund [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] Szoka''' (born September 14, 1927) is an [[United States|American]] [[prelate]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He is currently [[Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President Emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]] and [[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President Emeritus of the Governatorate of Vatican City State]], having previously served as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaylord|Bishop of Gaylord]] from 1971 to 1981 and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Archbishop of Detroit]] from 1981 to 1990. Szoka was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1988.

Edmund Casimir Szoka was born in [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]], to Casimir and Mary (née Wolgat) Szoka, [[Poland|Polish]] [[Immigration|immigrants]]. He has an older sister, Irene, and moved with his family in the early 1930s to [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]], where he did his [[Primary school|primary studies]] at St. Michael School. Attracted to life as a [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] at an early age, Szoka attended St. Joseph's Seminary in Grand Rapids, [[Sacred Heart Major Seminary]] in [[Detroit]] for his junior and senior years, and then St. John's Provincial Seminary in [[Plymouth, Michigan]] to study [[theology]]. {{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}

==Priesthood==
On June 5, 1954, he was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette|Bishop Thomas Noa]] in [[St. Peter Cathedral, Marquette|St. Peter's Cathedral in Michigan's Upper Peninsula]]. He did [[Parish (Catholic Church)|pastoral]] work in [[Manistique, Michigan|Manistique]] but soon thereafter became [[Personal assistant|secretary]] to Bishop Noa of Marquette, whom he accompanied to the first session of the [[Second Vatican Council]] in 1962. During this period he also served as [[chaplain]] at St. Mary’s Hospital and [[K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base]]. From 1957 to 1959, he studied [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|canon law]] at the [[Pontifical Urbaniana University]] or the [[Pontifical Lateran University]] in [[Rome]]. Upon returning to the [[United States]], Szoka did pastoral and [[Curia (religion)|curial]] work, including serving as an official of the matrimonial tribunal, in Marquette until 1971. He was raised to the rank of [[Monsignor|Honorary Prelate of His Holiness]] on November 14, 1963, by Pope Paul VI. {{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}

==Episcopal ministry==
Szoka was appointed the first [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaylord|Bishop of Gaylord]] on June 11, 1971. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following July 20 from Cardinal [[John Francis Dearden]], with Bishops [[Charles Salatka]] and Joseph McKinney serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. A year later, the Bishops of the 4th pastoral region of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops (NCCB) elected him president for the period of 1972-77. At the same time, he was treasurer and secretary of the Episcopal Conference of Michigan. As Bishop of Gaylord, Szoka improved the annulment consideration process, drawing from his experience in the matrimonial tribunal in Marquette. {{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}

On March 21, 1981, he was promoted to the third [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Metropolitan Archbishop of Detroit]] (eighth bishop) by [[Pope John Paul II]]. Since 1981, he also served as president of the Administration Council of the provincial seminary of St. John in [[Plymouth, Michigan]] and [[SS. Cyril and Methodius Seminary]] near [[Orchard Lake Village, Michigan]]. He was also a president of the board of directors of the Episcopal Conference of Michigan, member of the executive committee of [[The Catholic University of America]], president of the Committee for University Relations, Administrator of the National Sanctuary of the [[Immaculate Conception]], treasurer of the NCCB, and served on committees within the Conference for: human values, bishops, dioceses and provinces, and economic affairs. He faced challenges of finance and enforcing Church discipline, and welcomed John Paul II to Detroit in 1987 during his tenure as Archbishop.

In 1983, he dealt with the case of [[Agnes Mary Mansour]], a nun and the director of the [[Michigan Department of Community Health]] who worked to continue abortion services in Michigan. Szoka had given his permission for Mansour to serve the state but said she must oppose publicly funded abortion. Mansour believed abortion was tragic but should be legal, and she continued disbursing [[Medicaid]] abortion funds. Szoka appealed to Mansour's superiors in the [[Sisters of Mercy]] but the order supported her stance.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,923370,00.html "The Nun vs. the Archbishop"], ''Time'', March 21, 1983.</ref> Szoka referred the case to the Vatican, and Bishop [[Anthony Bevilacqua]] resolved it by ordering Mansour to resign either her government post or her orders. Mansour left the sisterhood.<ref name=obey>{{cite news|date=1983-05-23|work=[[TIME Magazine]]|title=Obey or Leave|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953911,00.html}}</ref>

He was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Gregorio Magno|Ss. Andrea e Gregorio al Monte Celio]]'' by John Paul II in the [[consistory]] of June 28, 1988.

==Roman Curia==
Resigning as Archbishop of Detroit on April 28, 1990, Szoka was named President of the [[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]] on January 22, 1990 to October 14, 1997. In this position, he helped managed the Vatican's financial affairs

On October 14, 1997, Cardinal Szoka was named President of the Governorate of Vatican City State, and on February 22, 2001, President of the [[Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]]. Within the [[Roman Curia]] his membership includes: [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Secretariat of State]] (second section), and [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints|Causes of Saints]], [[Congregation for Bishops|Bishops]], [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples|Evangelization of Peoples]] (''Congregatio de Propaganda Fide''), [[Congregation for the Clergy|Clergy]], [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]] (congregations). He submitted his resignation to John Paul II in 2002, at the Church's mandatory retirement age of 75, but was requested to continue working. During his rare spare time, Szoka enjoyed walking through the Vatican Gardens.<ref>''The Michigan Catholic''. [http://www.aodonline.org/AODOnline/Meet+the+Bishops+12188/Edmund+C+Szoka+14493/Cardinal+Szoka%27s+Golden+Jubilee+-+Szoka+Still+Misses+Home.htm "After 14 years away, Cd. Szoka still misses home"] June 4, 2004</ref>

Szoka was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. As Governor of the Vatican, it fell to Szoka, along with [[Cardinal Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Angelo Sodano]] and [[Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church|Camerlengo]] [[Eduardo Martínez Somalo]], to prepare for the cardinal electors' housing at the ''[[Domus Sanctae Marthae]]''.

==Retirement==
It was announced on June 22, 2006, that his resignation had been accepted by Pope Benedict and that he would officially step down on September 15, 2006; he maintained all [[Roman Curia|curial]] memberships until age 80. On what he would do after retirement, Szoka said he was interested in [[travel]], [[writing]], studying the [[Church Fathers]], and continuing to provide priestly assistance to Detroit.<ref>{{cite web|first=Robert|last=Delaney|title=Cd. Szoka looks to help local priests|publisher=The Michigan Catholic|date=June 30, 2006|quote=Cardinal Szoka said he would like to spend half of each year back in Detroit, where he was archbishop from 1981 to 1990, and half of it at the new apartment he will have within the 109-acre city state.|url=http://www.aodonline.org/AODOnline/News+++Publications+2203/Michigan+Catholic+News+12203/2006+The+Michigan+Catholic+News+13857/060630+-+Cd+Szoka+looks+to+help+local+priests.htm|accessdate=2010-12-07}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Metro Detroit|Catholicism|Biography}}
*[[List of the Catholic bishops of the United States#American bishops serving outside the United States]]

==References==
<references />

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box
| before=none
| title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaylord|Bishop of Gaylord]]
| years=1971–1981
| after=[[Robert John Rose]] }}
{{succession box
| before=[[John Francis Dearden]]
| title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Archbishop of Detroit]]
| years=1981–1990
| after=[[Adam Maida|Adam Cardinal Maida]]}}
{{succession box
| title=[[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See|President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]]
| before=[[Giuseppe Caprio]]
| after=[[Sergio Sebastiani]]
| years=1990–1997}}
{{succession box
| before=none
| after=[[Giovanni Lajolo]]
| title=[[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President of the Governorate of Vatican City State]]
| years=1997–2006}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Rosalio José Castillo Lara]]
| after=[[Giovanni Lajolo]]
| title=[[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]]
| years=2001–2006}}
{{s-end}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Szoka, Edmund
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = September 14, 1927
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]], U.S.
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Szoka, Edmund}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pontifical Urbaniana University alumni]]
[[Category:American cardinals]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Archbishops of Detroit]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Economic history of the Holy See]]
[[Category:People from Grand Rapids, Michigan]]
[[Category:People from Muskegon, Michigan]]
[[Category:People from Schoolcraft County, Michigan]]
[[Category:American people of Polish descent]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Gaylord, Michigan]]
[[Category:The Catholic University of America people]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Clergy]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]

[[cs:Edmund Casimir Szoka]]
[[de:Edmund Casimir Szoka]]
[[fr:Edmund Casimir Szoka]]
[[it:Edmund Casimir Szoka]]
[[la:Edmundus Casimirus Szoka]]
[[nl:Edmund Casimir Szoka]]
[[no:Edmund Casimir Szoka]]
[[pl:Edmund Casimir Szoka]]
[[pt:Edmund Casimir Szoka]]
[[ru:Шока, Эдмунд Казимир]]
[[sl:Edmund Casimir Szoka]]
[[fi:Edmund Casimir Szoka]]

Joachim Meisner

2013-02-13T01:40:44Z

190.29.71.51:

Camillo Ruini

2013-02-12T19:28:36Z

190.29.71.51: correct new coat of arms

{{Cardinal of Catholic Church
|name=Camillo Ruini
|image=[[Image:Pope Benedictus XVI january,20 2006 (19).JPG|250px]]
|explanation=Cardinal Ruini with Pope Benedict
|title=[[title]] [[Cardinal Priest]] of [[Sant'Agnese fuori le mura]]
|roll=
|born=19 February 1931, Sassuolo
|ordinaited=8 December 1954 by Mons. Luigi Traglia
|consecrated=29 June 1983 by Mons. Gilberto Baroni
|proclamated=28 June 1991 by pope [[John Paul II]]
|coat of arms=Coat of arms of Camillo Ruini.svg
|motto='''''Veritas liberabit nos'''''
}}

'''Camillo Ruini''' ({{IPA-it|kaˈmillo ruˈini}}; born 19 February 1931) is an [[Italy|Italian]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He served as [[Cardinal Vicar|Vicar General of the Diocese of Rome]] from 1991 to 2008 [http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/22350.php?index=22350&po_date=27.06.2008&lang=en]. He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1991.

He was very active in the [[mass media]] and was one of the cardinals who most often appeared on [[Italy|Italian]] [[television]], [[newspaper]]s and [[magazine]]s. On 14 February 2006, he was confirmed as president of the [[Conferenza Episcopale Italiana|Italian Episcopal Conference]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] a post at which he served until March 2007.

==Biography==
Ruini was born in [[Sassuolo]], [[Emilia-Romagna]]. Having studied at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] in [[Rome]], he obtained a [[Licentiate|licentiate in philosophy]] and a [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology|licentiate in sacred theology]].

He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 8 December 1954, by Archbishop [[Luigi Traglia]]. In 1957 he returned to [[Reggio Emilia]] and taught philosophy at the diocesan [[seminary]] until 1968. From 1958 to 1966 he served as [[chaplain]] to university graduates and from 1966 to 1970 he served as a delegate for [[Azione Cattolica]].

Among his teaching posts, from 1968 until 1986 he taught [[dogmatic]] [[theology]] at the Studio Teologico Interdiocesano of [[Modena]]-Reggio Emilia-[[Carpi (MO)|Carpi]]-[[Guastalla]], where he was also headmaster from 1968 to 1977.

On 16 May 1983, he was named [[auxiliary bishop]] of Reggio Emilia and [[titular bishop]] of ''Nepte'', and was consecrated a [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] by Bishop Gilberto Baroni the following 29 June. As vice president of the Preparatory Committee, he contributed to the realization of the Ecclesial Convention of Loreto (1985), which has become a reference point in the dialogue between the Church and [[Italy|Italian]] society following the wounds of the 1960s and 1970s.

In June 1986 the [[Pope John Paul II]] named him [[secretary-general]] of the [[Italian people|Italian]] [[bishops' conference]]. From 1988 to 2011 he was a consultor of the [[Congregation for Bishops]].

In January 1991 he was named auxiliary bishop and [[promagistrate|pro]]-[[vicar general]] for the Diocese of Rome. In March 1991 he became president of the Italian bishops' conference. He was elevated to [[Cardinal-Priest]] of the ''Title of [[Sant'Agnese fuori le mura]]'' in June 1991, and was named vicar general of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome and [[archpriest]] of the [[Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano]] in July 1991. He was also grand chancellor of the [[Lateran University]] and [[Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family]].
[[File:Coat of arms of Camillo Ruini.svg|thumb|left|260px|Coat of Arms of Cardinal Ruini.]]

In addition to serving as the Cardinal Vicar, Cardinal Ruini served in the [[Roman Curia]] as a member of the [[Congregation for Bishops]], the [[Pontifical Council for the Laity]], the [[Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See]], and the Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organizational and Economic Affairs of the Holy See. He held these memberships until the 80th birthday in 2011.

Ruini was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that elected [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. Ruini is no longer eligible to participate in any future papal conclaves following a pope's death. He celebrated his 80th birthday on 19 February 2011.

On 17 March 2010 the Vatican announced that it has formed a commission to look into the phenomenon of [[Medjugorje]], in Bosnia-Herzegovina, where six young people have said they have had visions of Mary since the early 80s. The international investigative commission on Medjugorje has been constituted, under the presidency of Cardinal Ruini and dependent upon the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

Ruini received accolades for his tireless efforts and unitary vision in the making of the documentary of Pope John Paul II.

==Politics==
Ruini was seen as a [[Conservatism|conservative]], close to the positions of Popes [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] and Benedict XVI. He was very active in the [[mass media]], and was the strongest voice of the Church against the spring 2005 [[referendum]] for the abolition of parts of Italy's laws on [[artificial insemination]]. He commented, like Pope Benedict XVI, upon the issue of the 1999 French [[Pacte civil de solidarité]] for unmarried couples of the same or opposite sex. In 2007 a bill was proposed in the Italian Senate for a law on [[Diritti e doveri delle persone stabilmente conviventi|civil unions]]. The bishops conference opposed this proposal.<ref>"riteniamo la legalizzazione delle unioni di fatto inaccettabile sul piano di principio, pericolosa sul piano sociale ed educativo" (we consider legalisation of de facto unions unacceptable on the level of principle and dangerous on the social and educational level).{{cite web |url=http://www.forumfamiglie.org/manifestazione/allegati/NotaCei.pdf |title=Nota del Consiglio Episcopale Permanente a riguardo della famiglia fondata sul matrimonio e di iniziative legislative in materia di unioni di fatto |accessdate=2007-07-20 |date=2007-03-28}} [italian]</ref>

==Retirement==
On 7 March 2007 [[Pope Benedict XVI]] named [[Archbishop]] [[Angelo Bagnasco]] to succeed Cardinal Ruini as President of the [[Conferenza Episcopale Italiana|Italian Episcopal Conference]].

Ruini remained vicar for the [[diocese of Rome]] until 27 June 2008, when his resignation, for reasons of age, from that post and from that of Archpriest of the [[Basilica of St. John Lateran]] was accepted and Cardinal [[Agostino Vallini]] was appointed as his successor.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Egidio Caporello]]|
title=[[Conferenza Episcopale Italiana|Secretary-General of the Italian Episcopal Conference]]|
after=[[Dionigi Tettamanzi]] |
years=28 June 1986–7 March 1991}}

{{succession box |
before=[[Ugo Poletti]]|
title=[[Basilica of St. John Lateran|Archpriest of the Basilica of St. John Lateran]]|
after=[[Agostino Vallini]] |
years=1 July 1991–27 June 2008}}

{{succession box |
before=[[Ugo Poletti]]|
title=[[Conferenza Episcopale Italiana|President of the Italian Episcopal Conference]]|
after=[[Angelo Bagnasco]] |
years=March 1991–7 March 2007}}

{{succession box |
before=[[Ugo Poletti]]|
title=[[Cardinal Vicar|Vicar General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome]]|
after=[[Agostino Vallini]] |
years=1 July 1991–27 June 2008}}

{{succession box |
before=[[Louis-Jean Guyot]]|
title=[[Cardinal Priest]] of [[Sant'Agnese fuori le mura]]''|
after=incumbent |
years=28 June 1991–}}

{{s-end}}

{{Medjugorje}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Ruini
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 19 February 1931
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruini}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Sassuolo]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:Cardinal Vicars]]
[[Category:Vatican City people]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Almo Collegio Capranica alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]

[[cs:Camillo Ruini]]
[[de:Camillo Ruini]]
[[es:Camillo Ruini]]
[[fr:Camillo Ruini]]
[[it:Camillo Ruini]]
[[la:Camillus Ruini]]
[[nl:Camillo Ruini]]
[[no:Camillo Ruini]]
[[pl:Camillo Ruini]]
[[pt:Camillo Ruini]]
[[ru:Руини, Камилло]]
[[sl:Camillo Ruini]]
[[fi:Camillo Ruini]]
[[sv:Camillo Ruini]]

Lorenzo Antonetti

2013-02-12T19:27:18Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

[[File:Coat of arms of Lorenzo Antonetti.svg|thumb|right|260px|Coat of Arms of Cardinal Antonetti]]
'''Lorenzo Antonetti''' (born 31 July 1922) is a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] in the [[Catholic Church]]. He was born in [[Romagnano Sesia]], [[Italy]].

==Early life and ordination==
On 26 May 1945, at the age of 22, he was [[ordained]] [[priest]] in [[Novara]], [[Italy]]. He did pastoral ministry in [[diocese of Novara]] in 1946. He was sent to Rome for further studies from 1947-1951 at the [[Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas]], where he obtained a [[doctorate]] in [[theology]] and later at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] also in [[Rome]] where he was awarded a [[doctorate]] in [[canon law]].

He was admitted to the elite [[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]] to study diplomacy. He joined the Vatican Secretariat of State in 1951 and served as an [[attaché]] and later secretary in [[nunciature]] in Lebanon from 1952-1955. He was the secretary in nunciature in Venezuela from 1956-1959. He worked in the section of Extraordinary Affairs, Secretariat of State, from 1959-1963. He was appointed counselor in nunciature in France where he served from 1963-67. He was appointed [[Monsignor|Domestic Prelate of His Holiness]] on 18 August 1964. He was counselor in apostolic delegation in the United States in 1968. He was appointed [[Titular Archbishop]] of [[Rusellae]] on 23 February 1968, aged 45.

==Apostolic nuncio==
During his life he has served as [[Apostolic Nuncio]] to [[Honduras]] (appointed 23 February 1968) and [[Nicaragua]] (appointed 24 February 1968) which he remained for five years. He was then appointed as [[Apostolic Pro-Nuncio]] to the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] (then Zaire) on 29 June 1973 where he remained until he became the Official of State, Roman Curia (appointed 15 June 1977).

Finally, he served as the [[Apostolic Nuncio to France]] to which he was appointed on 23 September 1988 and where he remained until 1995. In 1995 [[Pope John Paul II]] gave him the position of Pro-President of Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, Roman Curia, losing the "[[promagistrate|pro-]]" upon elevation to cardinal.

==Curia==
{{Infobox cardinalstyles|
cardinal name=Lorenzo Cardinal Antonetti|
dipstyle=His Eminence|
offstyle=Your Eminence|
See=Rusellae (titular)|}}

[[Pope John Paul II]] created him [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[Sant'Agnese in Agone|Saint Agnes in Agone]]'' on the 21 February 1998. He retired as president of he Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See in November 1998 becoming President Emeritus of [[Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See]].

On 1 March 2008 Antonetti was elevated to Cardinal-Priest. His titular deaconry Sant'Agnese in Agone was elevated [[pro hac vice]] to title.

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Angelo Felici]] |
title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to France]]|
after=Mario Tagliaferri |
years=23 September 1988–24 June 1995}}

{{succession box |
before=[[Rosalio Lara]] |
title=President of the [[Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See]]|
after=[[Agostino Cacciavillan]] |
years=24 June 1995–5 November 1998}}
{{s-end}}

==External links==
*[http://www.dailycatholic.org/issue/archives/1999Jan/6jan11,vol.10,no.6txt/jan11col.htm Daily Catholic article]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bantonetti.html List of positions held]
*[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_antonetti_l_en.html Holy See Press Office. College of Cardinals]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Antonetti
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 31 July 1922
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Antonetti}}
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[[Category:Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni]]

[[cs:Lorenzo Antonetti]]
[[de:Lorenzo Antonetti]]
[[fr:Lorenzo Antonetti]]
[[it:Lorenzo Antonetti]]
[[nl:Lorenzo Antonetti]]
[[no:Lorenzo Antonetti]]
[[pl:Lorenzo Antonetti]]
[[pt:Lorenzo Antonetti]]
[[ru:Антонетти, Лоренцо]]
[[fi:Lorenzo Antonetti]]

Angelo Scola

2013-02-12T19:24:12Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Angelo Scola
| honorific-suffix =
| title = Cardinal-Archbishop of Milan
| image = AngeloScola.22-03-2009.jpg
| caption = Cardinal Scola in 2009
| church =[[Catholic Church]]
| archdiocese =[[Milan]]
| appointed = 28 June 2011
| enthroned = 9 September 2011
| predecessor = [[Dionigi Tettamanzi]]
| successor = Incumbent
| ordination = 18 July 1970
| consecration = 21 September 1991
| consecrated_by=[[Bernardin Gantin]]
| cardinal = 21 October 2003
| rank = Cardinal-Priest of Ss. XII Apostoli
| previous_post = [[Patriarch of Venice]] (2002–2011) Rector of the [[Pontifical Lateran University|Lateran University]] (1995–2002) Bishop of [[Grosseto]] (1991–1995)

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|11|7|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Malgrate, Lombardy, Italy
| coat_of_arms=Coat of arms of Angelo Scola.svg
}}

'''Angelo Scola''' ({{IPA-it|ˌandʒelo ˈskɔːla}}) (born 7 November 1941) is an [[Italy|Italian]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]], [[philosopher]] and [[theologian]]. He was appointed [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan|Archbishop of Milan]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 28 June 2011.<ref>{{Cite press release | title = Rinuncia dell'Arcivescovo Mentropolita di Milano (Italia) e nomina del successore | publisher = Holy See Press Office | date = 28 June 2011 | url = http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/27756.php?index=27756 | language = Italian | accessdate = 28 June 2011}}</ref> He had previously served as [[Patriarch of Venice]] since 2002. He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 2003. He is currently considered a contender to succeed Benedict XVI, who has announced his resignation effective 28 February 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last=Povoledo|first=Elisabetta|title=Pope Benedict XVI Says He Will Resign|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/12/world/europe/pope-benedict-xvi-says-he-will-retire.html?hp&_r=0|accessdate=11 February 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=11 February 2013}}</ref>

==Biography==

===Early life===
Scola was born in [[Malgrate]], [[Lombardy]], to Carlo Scola, a truck driver,<ref name="cns2005">{{cite news | url = http://www.catholicnews.com/jpii/cardinals/0501853.htm | title = Scholarly Venice cardinal intent on raising church's profile | date = 1 April 2005 | newspaper = Catholic News Service | accessdate = 28 June 2011| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110629151833/http://www.catholicnews.com/jpii/cardinals/0501853.htm| archivedate= 29 June 2011 | deadurl= no}}</ref> and Regina Colombo. He was the younger of two sons; Pietro, his elder brother, died in 1983. He attended high school at the Manzoni Lyceum in [[Lecco]],<ref name="cns2005"/> where he participated in the youth movement ''Gioventù Studentesca'' (Student Youth).

He studied [[philosophy]] at the [[Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore|Catholic University of the Sacred Heart]] from 1964 to 1967, obtaining his [[doctorate]] with a [[Thesis|dissertation]] on Christian philosophy. During this time served as Vice-President and thereafter President of the Milanese diocesan chapter of the ''Federazione Universitaria Cattolica Italiana'', the university student wing of [[Catholic Action]].

Following study at the Saronno and Venegono [[Seminary|seminaries]] in Milan, Scola was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 18 July 1970 in [[Teramo]] by Bishop Abele Conigli of Teramo-Atri.

He then attained a second [[doctorate]] in theology from the [[University of Fribourg]] in [[Switzerland]]. He wrote his dissertation on the works of [[Thomas Aquinas|St. Thomas Aquinas]]. An active collaborator in the [[Communion and Liberation]] movement from the early 1970s, Scola was the Italian editor of the journal ''[[Communio]]'' founded by [[Henri de Lubac]], [[Hans Urs von Balthasar]], and [[Pope Benedict XVI|Joseph Ratzinger]] (later to become Pope Benedict XVI).<ref name="cns2005"/> He conducted book-length interviews with de Lubac and von Balthasar.<ref name="cns2005"/>

After periods of study in [[Munich]] and [[Paris]] and time spent in pastoral work, Scola returned to Fribourg to work as research assistant to the chair of political philosophy at Friburg from 1979 and thereafter Assistant Professor of Fundamental Moral Theology, a position he held until 1982 when he was appointed Professor of Theological Anthropology at the [[Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family]] in [[Rome]] and Professor of Contemporary Christology at the [[Pontifical Lateran University]].

He founded the ''Studium Generale Marcianum'', an academic institute, and the journal ''Oasis'', published in [[Italian language|Italian]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Urdu language|Urdu]] as an outreach to Christians in the [[Islam|Muslim]] world.<ref name="cns2005"/>

From 1986 to 1991 Scola served the [[Roman Curia]] as consultor to the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]]. At the various institutes where he taught he promoted the establishment of bursaries to enable foreign students, particularly those from poorer countries, to study in Italy.

===Bishop of Grosseto===
Scola was named [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grosseto|Bishop of Grosseto]] on 18 July 1991, and was consecrated by Cardinal [[Bernardin Gantin]] (with Bishops Abele Conigli and Adelmo Tacconi serving as co-consecrators) on the following 21 September. As Bishop of Grosseto he promoted a renewal of catechesis in the diocese. Scola chose as his episcopal [[motto]] ''Sufficit gratia tua'' ("Your grace suffices", [[Second Epistle to the Corinthians|2 Corinthians]] 12:9).

Among Scola's chief pastoral concerns in Grosseto were the education of children and youths, vocations and clergy formation (he reopened the diocesan seminary), new approaches to parish life, the pastoral care of labourers (particularly during the difficult period of the dismantling of mines in Grosseto), culture and the family, and the opening of a diocesan mission in [[Santa Cruz, Bolivia]]. During this period he wrote and published a book aimed at young people on the subject of the educative mission of the Church. In his pastoral capacity as bishop, Scola paid particular attention to the issues of education, youth, clergy formation, renewal of parish life, pastoral care of workers, culture and the family.

===Rector of Lateran University and offices in Roman Curia===
[[File:Coat of arms of Angelo Scola (Venice).svg|thumb|left|150px|Arms of Cardinal Scola of Venice]]
Scola in 1995 resigned as bishop of Grosseto to serve as rector of the [[Pontifical Lateran University]] in [[Rome]] and President of the [[Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family]] in Rome, with a term spent as visiting professor at the [[Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family at The Catholic University of America|counterpart Institute]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], during which time he wrote a monograph on the theology of von Balthasar.

In 1995 he became a member of the [[Congregation for the Clergy]]. He also served as member of the Episcopal Commission for Catholic Education of the Italian Bishops' Conference and, from 1996, as president of the Committee for Institutes of Religious Studies which addresses questions of the theological formation of the laity in Italy.

From 1996 to 2001 Scola was a member of the Pontifical Council for Health Workers and wrote several texts on issues around health care. In 1996 he was named a member to the [[Pontifical Council for the Family]].

On 17 January 2009 he was appointed a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Culture]] by Pope Benedict.<ref>{{Cite press release | title =Nomina di membri e di consultori del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura | publisher = Holy See Press Office | date = 17 January 2009 | url = http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/23180.php?index=23180 | language = Italian | accessdate = 28 June 2011}}</ref> On 5 January 2011 he was appointed among the first members of the newly created [[Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]].<ref>{{Cite press release | title = Nomina di membri del Pontificio Consiglio per la Promozione della Nuova Evangelizzazione | publisher = Holy See Press Office | date = 5 January 2011 | url = http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26652.php?index=26652 | language = Italian | accessdate = 28 June 2011}}</ref> He is also a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship.

===Patriarch of Venice===
[[Image:Angelo scola 07 2005.jpg|right|thumb|240px|Cardinal Scola blessing the faithful with the [[Blessed Sacrament]] in Venice, 2005.]]
Scola was appointed [[Patriarch of Venice]] on 5 January 2002, elected President of the Bishops' Conference of the Triveneta region on 9 April 2002 and created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Santi XII Apostoli]] on 21 October 2003. As patriarch Scola developed a reputation of openness and pastoral concern. In Venice, for instance, he set aside Wednesday mornings to meet anyone who wanted to see him, whether or not they had an appointment.<ref>[http://ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/meet-new-crown-prince-catholicism Meet the new Crown Prince of Catholicism]</ref>

After the death of Pope John Paul II in 2005, Scola was considered to be among the ''[[papabile|papabili]]'' in the [[2005 papal conclave]].<ref name="cns2005"/> [[Srđa Trifković]] supported him vigorously in ''[[Chronicles (magazine)|Chronicles]]'' because he saw him as the only man who might reverse what Vatican insiders see as the decay of European culture. The conclave elected Joseph Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI.

===Archbishop of Milan===
On 28 June 2011 he was appointed to replace Cardinal [[Dionigi Tettamanzi]] as Archbishop of Milan, and he left the office of Patriarch of Venice. On 9 September 2011 he took possession of the Archdiocese of Milan by proxy, becoming the Archbishop of Milan to all intents and purposes.<ref>{{Cite press release | title = La ''presa di possesso'' del nuovo Arcivescovo | publisher = Chiesa di Milano | date = 9 September 2011 | url = http://www.incrocinews.it/chiesa-diocesi/la-presa-di-possesso-del-nuovo-arcivescovo-1.45494 | language = Italian | accessdate = 18 September 2011}}</ref> Cardinal Scola received from Pope Benedict XVI the pallium of Metropolitan Archbishop of Milan on 21 September 2011 at Castel Gandolfo. The new Archbishop entered the city of Milan on 25 September 2011 and on that date he was enthroned in his Cathedral with a solemn mass for the beginning of his pastoral ministry in the See of Milan.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Angelo Cardinal Scola | publisher = Catholic Hierarchy | url = http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bscola.html | accessdate = 30 September 2011}}</ref>

[[Image:CARDINAL angelo scola milan italy.jpg|Right|thumb|150px|Cardinal Scola during a Liturgy in [[Cassano Magnago]], 2012.]]

On Monday, 24 October 2011, Pope Benedict XVI named Cardinal Scola to be a member of the [[Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See]].<ref>http://www.zenit.org/article-33719?l=english</ref>
On 7 March 2012 he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28883.php?index=28883&lang=en]</ref> On the 21 April he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]].

==Works==
Scola is the author of numerous [[Theology|theological]] and [[Pedagogy|pedagogical]] works on topics such as [[Medical ethics|bio-medical ethics]], [[theological anthropology]], [[human sexuality]] and marriage and the family, which have been translated into several languages. In addition, he is the author of more than 120 articles published in scholarly journals of philosophy and theology.

;Published works
*{{cite book | title = Hans Urs Von Balthasar: A Theological Style | publisher = Eerdmans Publishing Company | date = 1 September 1995 | ISBN = 0-8028-0894-8}}
*{{cite book | title = The Nuptial Mystery | publisher = Eerdmans Publishing Company | date = 15 February 2005 | ISBN = 0-8028-2831-0}}

;Online texts
*[http://www.secondspring.co.uk/worldreligions/scola1.htm Which Foundation?]
*[http://communio-icr.com/articles/PDF/scola30-2.pdf The Nuptial Mystery: A Perspective for Systematic Theology?] (PDF file)
*[http://www.ewtn.com/library/THEOLOGY/EXTHEO.htm Christian Experience and Theology]
*[http://www.cin.org/lor/satan5.html Satanic Rites in the Church's Judgement]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.angeloscola.it Official website]
* [http://www.cisro.org/ International Journal ''Oasis'']

{{s-start}}
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{{s-bef|before=Adelmo Tacconi}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grosseto|Bishop of Grosseto]]|years=20 July 1991 – 14 September 1995}}
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{{s-break}}
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{{s-inc}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef| before=[[Dionigi Tettamanzi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of Milan]] | years= 9 September 2011 – present}}
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{{Bishops and Archbishops of Milan}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=22157098}}

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Marco Cé

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190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{no footnotes|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox cardinalstyles|
cardinal name=Marco Cé|
dipstyle=His Eminence|
offstyle=Your Eminence|
image=Coat of arms of Marco Ce.svg|
image_size=200px|
See=[[Patriarch of Venice|Venice]] ([[Emeritus]]) |}}'''Marco Cé''' (born 8 July 1925) is an [[Italy|Italian]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He served as [[Patriarch of Venice]] from 1978 to 2002, and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1979.

==Biography==
Born in [[Izano]], Cé studied at the [[seminary]] in [[Crema, Lombardy|Crema]], at the [[Lodi, Lombardy|Lodi]] [[lyceum]], and at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] and the [[Pontifical Biblical Institute]] in [[Rome]]. From the Gregorian he obtained a [[doctorate]] in [[dogmatic theology]] and a [[licentiate]] in [[Bible|Sacred Scripture]]. Cé was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Archbishop [[Luigi Traglia]] on 27 March 1948 in the [[Basilica of St. John Lateran|Lateran Basilica]]. He then returned to Crema, where he served as [[Professor]] of Scripture and vice-[[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] of the seminary from 1948 to 1957, being named rector in 1950.

On 22 April 1970, Cé was appointed [[Auxiliary bishop|Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Archdiocese of Bologna|Bologna]] and [[Titular bishop|Titular Bishop]] of ''Vulturia''. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 17 May from Bishop Carlo Manziana, with Archbishop Franco Costa and [[Diocese of Novara|Bishop Placido Cambiaghi]], [[Barnabites|CRSP]], serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. On 21 May 1976, he was made a [[chaplain]] to [[Azione Cattolica]].

After the ascension of [[Pope John Paul I]] to the [[Pope|papacy]] and his death thirty-three days later, Cé was named his successor as [[Patriarch of Venice]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] on 7 December 1978. He was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Marco (Rome)|S. Marco]]'' by John Paul II in the [[consistory]] of 30 June 1979. Cé resigned as Patriarch on 5 January 2002, and was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]], which selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. In 2006, he was invited by Pope Benedict to preach the [[Lent]]en [[Spiritual practice|spiritual exercises]] to him and the [[Roman Curia]].

==External links==
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-c.htm#Ce Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]
*[http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=33 Catholic-Pages]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bce.html Catholic-Hierarchy]

{{start box}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box | before=[[Pope John Paul I|Albino Luciani]] | title=[[Patriarch of Venice]] | years=1978–2002| after=[[Angelo Scola]] }}
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Stanisław Ryłko

2013-02-12T19:13:04Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

João Braz de Aviz

2013-02-12T19:10:52Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = João Braz de Aviz
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]
| image = Joao braz de aviz.jpg
| image_size =
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| elected =
| appointed = 4 January 2011
| term =
| term_start =
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| predecessor = [[Franc Rode]], CM
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Deacon of Sant’Elena fuori Porta Prenestina

| ordination = 26 November 1972
| ordinated_by = [[Romeu Alberti]]
| consecration = 31 May 1994
| consecrated_by = [[Domingos Gabriel Wisniewski]]
| cardinal = 18 February 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Deacon

| birth_name = João Braz de Aviz
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|04|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Matra, Brazil
| death_date =
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| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
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| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Auxiliary Bishop of Vitória, Espirito Santo (1994–1998)|Titular Bishop of Flenucleta (1994–1998)|Bishop of Ponta Grossa, Parana (1998–2002)|Archbishop of Maringá, Parana (2002–2004)|Archbishop of Brasília, Distrito Federal (2004–2011)}}
| alma_mater =
| motto = Omnes Unum Sint (All May Be One)
| signature =
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| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of João Braz de Aviz.svg
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{{Infobox cardinal styles |
name=João Braz de Aviz|
image=Coat of arms of João Braz de Aviz.svg|
image_size =200px|
dipstyle=[[His Eminence]] |
offstyle=[[Your Eminence]] |
relstyle=[[Cardinal]] |
deathstyle=not applicable |}}
'''João Braz de Aviz''' ({{IPA-pt|ʒu'ɐ̃w 'bɾas dʒi a'vis|br}} , born 24 April 1947) is the current [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]] since his appointment by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 4 January 2011.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26651.php?index=26651&lang=en RINUNCIA E SUCCESSIONE DEL PREFETTO DELLA CONGREGAZIONE PER GLI ISTITUTI DI VITA CONSACRATA E LE SOCIETÀ DI VITA APOSTOLICA]</ref>

==Early life and education==
Braz de Aviz was born in [[Mafra, Santa Catarina|Mafra]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Joinville|Diocese of Joinville]], [[Santa Catarina State|Santa Catarina]] in 1947. He has four brothers and three sisters – the youngest sister has Down’s syndrome. After attending his philosophical studies at the Major Seminary "Rainha dos Apostolos" in Curitiba and the Faculty of [[Palmas, Paraná|Palmas]], has completed his theological studies in Rome at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], obtaining a license, and at the [[Pontifical Lateran University]], where he graduated in 1992 in [[dogmatic theology]].

==Career==
Braz de Aviz was ordained priest 26 November 1972 and the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Apucarana|diocese of Apucarana]], played his ministry as a parish priest in several parishes, as Rector of the Major Seminary Apucarana and Londrina, and as professor of dogmatic theology at the Theological Institute [[Paul VI]] in Londrina. He was also member of the [[Presbyteral Council|Council of Priests]] and the College of Consultors and General Coordinator of the Diocesan Pastoral Apucarana. As a young priest Braz de Aviz was once on his way to a village to say Mass when he stumbled upon an armored car robbery. He was shot during the crossfire, with bullets perforating his lungs and intestines and one eye. Although he survived and surgeons were able to save his eye, he still carries fragments of those bullets in his body.<ref>[http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/vaticans-point-man-religious-life-weve-started-listen-again Vatican's point man for religious life: 'We've started to listen again']</ref>

On 6 April 1994, he was appointed to the [[Titular see|titular bishop]] of ''Flenucleta'' as auxiliary of the [[Archdiocese of Vitória]], and received episcopal ordination on 31 May of that year. He was transferred as [[Ordinary (officer)|ordinary]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ponta Grossa]] on 12 August 1998 by [[Pope John Paul II]]. He was promoted to [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maringá|archbishop of Maringá]] on 17 July 2002 where he served until he was appointed [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brasilia|archbishop of Brasília]] on 28 January 2004. In May 2010 he organised the XVI National Eucharistic Congress, to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the city.

On 4 January 2011, Archbishop Braz de Aviz, who is not a member of a religious order, was appointed to his current post. Since 1973, prelates ordained for religious orders and for dioceses have alternated in holding the post of prefect of the congregation overseeing religious in the Catholic Church. In the past 100 years, 11 of the 18 prefects did not belong to a religious order.

Archbishop Braz de Aviz becomes the fourth Brazilian to head a Vatican department, after Cardinal [[Agnelo Rossi]], who led the [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] from 1970 to 1984, Cardinal [[Lucas Moreira Neves]], who headed the [[Congregation for Bishops]] from 1998 to 2000; and Cardinal [[Cláudio Hummes]], who was once the Archbishop of São Paulo and who headed the [[Congregation for Clergy]] from 2006 to 2010.<ref>[http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/new-vatican-head-religious-life-comes-without-agenda New Vatican head of religious life comes without agenda]</ref>

In February 2011, Archbishop Braz de Aviz said he almost abandoned the seminary and the Catholic Church because of the ideological excesses that emerged in the early years of [[liberation theology]]. He said in an interview with the Vatican newspaper, ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]'' that "''Personally, I lived with a lot of anguish during the years of the birth of liberation theology,''" Archbishop Braz de Aviz said he appreciated that liberation theology promoted the preferential option for the poor, which represents "the church's sincere and responsible concern for the vast phenomenon of social exclusion." He said consecrated men and women need to explore more deeply the mystery of God to strengthen their relationships with others.<ref>[http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1100427.htm Liberation theology nearly drove Brazilian archbishop from church]</ref>

In July 2011, he referred to a breakdown in trust between the Vatican and many religious orders because of "some positions taken previously." The reference is to his predecessor, Slovenian [[Franc Rode]], who repeatedly decried a “crisis” in religious life following the Second Vatican Council (1962–65), related in part to what Rode regarded as excessively liberalizing currents in some communities.
Without denying that there are problems, Braz said, his main aim is to “rebuild trust” by approaching issues in a new way – “without preemptive condemnations,” he said, “and by listening to people’s concerns.”<ref>[http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/vaticans-point-man-religious-life-weve-started-listen-again Vatican's point man for religious life: 'We've started to listen again']</ref>

It was announced on 6 January 2012 that Archbishop Braz de Aviz would be created a cardinal along with 21 others on 18 February. He was created [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[List of titular churches in Rome|Sant’Elena fuori Porta Prenestina]]''. On 21 April 2012 Cardinal Braz de Aviz was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Clergy]] and the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29094.php?index=29094&po_date=21.04.2012&lang=en]</ref>

===Papabile===
On 11 February 2013, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] announced that he will resign on 28 February 2013. Braz de Aviz is cited as one of the Papabili or potential popes.<ref>{{cite news|last=Heneghan|first=Tom|title=With Benedict resigning, can Latin American claim papacy?| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/11/us-pope-succession-candidates-idUSBRE91A0FL20130211|accessdate=11 February 2013|newspaper=Reuters|date=11 February 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Murilo Ramos Krieger]], SCI}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ponta Grossa|Bishop of Ponta Grossa]]|years=12 August 1998 – 17 July 2002}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sérgio Arthur Braschi]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=Murilo Ramos Krieger, SCI}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maringá|Archbishop of Maringá]]|years=17 July 2002 – 28 January 2004}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Anuar Battisti]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[José Freire Falcão]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brasília|Archbishop of Brasília]]|years=28 January 2004 – 4 January 2011}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sérgio da Rocha]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Franc Rode]], C.M.}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]|years=4 January 2011 – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Braz De Aviz, Joao
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 24 April 1947
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Matra, Brazil
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Braz De Aviz, Joao}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Brazilian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Brazilian cardinals]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical Lateran University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Brazilian Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Clergy]]

[[cs:João Braz de Aviz]]
[[de:João Braz de Aviz]]
[[es:João Braz de Aviz]]
[[fr:João Braz de Aviz]]
[[it:João Braz de Aviz]]
[[la:Iohannes Blasius de Avicis]]
[[nl:João Braz de Aviz]]
[[pl:João Braz de Aviz]]
[[pt:João Braz de Aviz]]
[[ru:Брас ди Авис, Жуан]]
[[uk:Жуан Брас де Авіс]]

Timothy M. Dolan

2013-02-12T19:08:47Z

190.29.71.51: new Coat of arms SVG

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian Leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Timothy Michael Dolan
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Cardinal-Archbishop of New York]]
| other_post = {{unbulleted list|Cardinal-Priest of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario|[[United States Conference of Bishops|President of the U.S. Conference of Bishops]]}}
| image = Archbishop Timothy Dolan 20090519.jpg
| caption =
| province = New York
| diocese = New York
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|New York]]
| appointed = February 23, 2009
| term_start = April 15, 2009
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Edward Egan]]
| successor =
| ordination = June 19, 1976
| ordinated_by = [[Edward Thomas O'Meara]]
| consecration = August 15, 2001
| consecrated_by = [[Justin Francis Rigali]]
| cardinal = February 18, 2012
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis|Auxiliary Bishop of St. Louis]] (2001–2002)|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee|Archbishop of Milwaukee]] (2002–2009)|}}
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|2|6}}
| birth_place = [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], United States
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = American
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| motto = Ad Quem Ibimus ([[English language|English]]: ''To Whom Shall We Go?'',({{bibleverse||John|6:68}})<ref name="archny.org">http://www.archny.org/about-us/timothy-cardinal-dolan/the-coat-of-arms/ Accessed October 13, 2012</ref>
| signature =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Timothy Michael Dolan.svg
}}
{{infobox cardinal styles
| cardinal name = Timothy Dolan
| dipstyle = His Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| relstyle =
| deathstyle =
| image = Coat of arms of Timothy Michael Dolan.svg
| image_size = 100px
| See = New York
}}

{{Ordination
| date of diaconal ordination =
| place of diaconal ordination =
| ordained deacon by =
| date of priestly ordination = 19 June 1976
| place of priestly ordination =
| ordained priest by = [[Edward Thomas O'Meara]]
| date of consecration = 15 August 2001
| place of consecration = [[Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis]], [[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]]
| consecrated by = [[Justin F. Rigali]]
| co-consecrator1 = [[Joseph Fred Naumann]]
| co-consecrator2 = [[Michael John Sheridan]]
| bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1
| bishop 1 = [[William P. Callahan|William P. Callahan, O.F.M. Conv.]]
| consecration date 1 = 21 December 2007
| bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2
| bishop 2 = [[Terry R. LaValley]]
| consecration date 2 = 30 April 2010
|
}}

'''Timothy Michael Dolan''' (born February 6, 1950) is an [[United States|American]] [[Cardinalate|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Appointed by [[Pope Benedict XVI]], Dolan is the tenth and current [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]]. Dolan also currently serves as the [[President]] of the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]] and was granted the titular position as [[Archpriest]] of [[List of titular churches in Rome|Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario]] (''[[English language|English]]: Our Lady of Guadalupe of Mount Mario'') in [[Rome]].

Dolan is widely known for his [[conservative]] values and [[charismatic]] media personality. He previously served as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee|Archbishop of Milwaukee]] from 2002 to 2009, preceded by service as an [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis|Auxiliary Bishop of St. Louis]] from 2001 to 2002. ''Time Magazine'' named Dolan one of the "100 Most Influential People in the World" for 2012.

==Early life==
The eldest of five children, Timothy Dolan was born in [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], to Robert (d. 1977) and Shirley (''née'' Radcliffe) Dolan.<ref name=milwaukee>{{cite news|work=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee]]|title=Archbishop Dolan|url=http://www.archmil.org/bishops/ArchbishopDolan.asp}}</ref> His father was an [[aircraft]] [[Aerospace engineering|engineer]], working as a floor supervisor at [[McDonnell Douglas]].<ref name=powell/><ref name=interview>{{cite news|date=April 9, 2009|work=Catholic New York|title=As installation nears, Archbishop Dolan reflects on becoming Archbishop of New York|url=http://www.cny.org/archive/int/int040909.htm}}</ref> He has two brothers, one of whom is a former [[radio]] [[Radio personality|talk-show host]],<ref name=archdiocese>{{cite news |date=June 25, 2002 |work=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee]] |title=St. Louis Auxiliary Bishop Timothy M. Dolan Named Archbishop of Milwaukee |url=http://www.archmil.org/news/ShowArchivedNews.asp?ID=1058}}</ref> and two sisters. The family later moved to [[Ballwin, Missouri|Ballwin]], a suburb of St. Louis, where they attended [http://www.holyinfantballwin.org Holy Infant Roman Catholic Church].<ref name=herald>{{cite news |date=June 25, 2002 |work=Madison Catholic Herald |title=Biography of Bishop Timothy M. Dolan |url=http://www.madisoncatholicherald.org/2002-06-20/local-state.html}}</ref> He exhibited a strong interest in the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|Roman Catholic priesthood]] from an early age, once saying, "I can never remember a time I didn't want to be a priest."<ref name=beacon>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2009 |work=St. Louis Becaon |title=Dolan to shepherd New York Catholics |url=http://www.stlbeacon.org/nation/dolan_to_shepherd_new_york_catholics |last=Rice |first=Patricia}}</ref> He would also pretend to celebrate [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] as a child.<ref name=family>{{cite news|date=April 9, 2009|work=Catholic New York|title=Close-Knit Family|url=http://www.cny.org/archive/ld/ld7040909.htm|last=McDonnell|first=Claudia}}</ref>

==Formation and Priesthood==
Dolan entered ''Saint Louis Preparatory Seminary'' in [[Shrewsbury, Missouri]] in 1964, and later obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[philosophy]] from [[Kenrick-Glennon Seminary|Cardinal Glennon College]]. He was sent by Cardinal [[John Carberry]] to further his studies in [[Rome]], where he attended the [[Pontifical North American College]], and the [[Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas|Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum'']] from which he earned the degree of [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology]] in 1976.

Dolan was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a priest by [[Edward Thomas O'Meara|Edward O'Meara (Archbishop of Indianapolis, then Auxiliary Bishop of St. Louis)]] on June 19, 1976. He then served as an [[Curate|associate pastor]] at Cure' of Ars in Shrewsbury and Immacolata Roman Catholic Parish in [[Richmond Heights, Missouri|Richmond Heights]] until 1979. From there he began his [[Doctorate|doctoral]] studies at [[The Catholic University of America]] under [[John Tracy Ellis]] with a concentration on the history of the [[Roman Catholicism in the United States|Church in America]]; his [[thesis]] centered on [[Edwin Vincent O'Hara| Edwin Vincent O'Hara (Archbishop)]].<ref name=milwaukee/> Dolan performed [[Parish (Catholic Church)|pastoral]] work upon his return to Missouri from 1983 to 1987. During this time he collaborated with [[John L. May|Archbishop John May]] in reforming the [[Diocese|archdiocesan]] [[seminary]].

He was then named [[secretary]] of the [[Nunciature of the Holy See in Washington DC|Apostolic Nunciature]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], serving as a liaison between [[List of the Roman Catholic dioceses of the United States|American dioceses]] and the nunciature.<ref name=beacon/> In 1992, Dolan was appointed Vice-[[Rector (ecclesiastical)|Rector]] of his ''[[alma mater]]'' Kenrick-Glennon Seminary, where he also served as [[Spiritual direction|spiritual director]] and taught [[History of Christianity|Church history]]. He was also an [[adjunct professor]] of [[theology]] at [[Saint Louis University|St. Louis University]].

From 1994 until June 2001, Dolan held the office of [[Pontifical North American College#Rectors|Rector of the Pontifical North American College]] in Rome.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/extras/book_reviews/103197_ribad.htm| title=The secret lives of seminarians | accessdate=February 24, 2009|date=October 31, 1197 | last=Ribadeneira | first=Diego |publisher=The Boston Globe}}</ref> During his tenure he published ''Priests for the Third Millennium'', and taught at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] and the [[Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas|''Angelicum'']].<ref name=beacon/> He also was granted the title of [[Monsignor]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in 1994.<ref name=usccb>{{cite news |date=June 25, 2002 |work=[[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]] |title=St. Louis Auxiliary Bishop Timothy M. Dolan Named Archbishop of Milwaukee |url=http://www.usccb.org/comm/archives/2002/02-121.shtml}}</ref>

==Episcopal career==

===Auxiliary Bishop of St. Louis===
On June 19, 2001, Dolan was appointed [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis|St. Louis]] and [[Titular Bishop]] of ''[[Natchesium]]'' by [[Pope John Paul II]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following August 15 from [[Justin Francis Rigali|Archbishop Justin Rigali]], with [[Joseph Fred Naumann|Bishops Joseph Naumann]] and [[Michael John Sheridan|Michael Sheridan]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. He chose as his episcopal [[motto]]: ''Ad Quem Ibimus'', meaning, "Lord, To Whom Shall We Go?" ({{bibleverse||John|6:68}})<ref name=milwaukee/> taken from St. John’s Gospel. 6:68.<ref name="archny.org"/>

===Archbishop of Milwaukee===
On June 25, 2002, Dolan was named the tenth [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee|Archbishop of Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]]. He was formally [[Enthronement|installed]] at the [[Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Milwaukee, Wisconsin)|Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist]] on August 28, 2002. Dolan said he was challenged and haunted by the [[Sexual abuse scandal in Catholic archdiocese of Milwaukee|sexual abuse scandal in that diocese]], which broke during his tenure<ref name=shares>{{cite news |date=February 24, 2009 |work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] |title=Back in Milwaukee, Dolan shares joy, sentiments |url=http://www.jsonline.com/features/religion/40248052.html |last=Johnson |first=Annysa}}</ref> There were over 8,000 reports of abuse by in excess of 100 staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wtaq.com/news/articles/2012/feb/10/lawyer-more-than-8000-children-abused-by-milwaukee-archdiocese-priests/|title=Lawyer: More than 8,000 children abused by Milwaukee archdiocese priests – WTAQ News Talk 97.5FM and 1360AM|date=February 10, 2012|publisher=[[WTAQ]]|accessdate=February 15, 2012|quote=An attorney says at least 8,000 kids were sexually abused by over 100 priests and other offenders in the Milwaukee Catholic Diocese. Jeffrey Anderson made the assertion yesterday at a court hearing on the first compensation claims filed by abuse victims as part of church's bankruptcy proceedings. Anderson told Judge Susan Kelley that sealed bankruptcy documents outlined the extent of the abuse. He said the offenders include 75 priests who have not been previously named by the archdiocese. Anderson represents over half of the 570 victims who filed for compensation.}}</ref>

He took a special interest in priests and [[Vocational discernment in the Catholic Church|vocations]],<ref name=vitello>{{cite news|date=February 24, 2009|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=A Guy's Guy: Dolan's Personality May Help Archdiocese Recruit More Priests|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/25/nyregion/25priests.html?_r=1&ref=nyregion|last=Vitello|first=Paul}}</ref><ref name=joy>{{cite news|date=April 9, 2009|work=Catholic New York|title='Joy Attracts Joy'|url=http://www.cny.org/archive/ld/ld11040909.htm|last=Dos Santos|first=Juliann}}</ref> and the number of [[seminary]] enrollments also rose during his tenure. In an outdoor Mass in September 2002, Dolan wore a "[[cheesehead]]" hat in tribute to the [[Green Bay Packers]] during his [[homily]].<ref name=kandra>{{cite news |date=February 13, 2009 |work=The Deacon's Bench|title=Dolin' the dish on Dolan|url=http://deacbench.blogspot.com/2009/02/dolin-dish-on-dolan.html|last=Kandra|first=Greg}}</ref> He also wrote ''Called to Be Holy'' (2005) and ''To Whom Shall We Go? Lessons from the Apostle Peter'' (2008), and co-hosted a television program with his brother called ''Living Our Faith''.<ref name=family/>

In June 2012 it was revealed that Dolan "authorized payments of as much as $20,000 to sexually abusive priests as an incentive for them to agree to dismissal from the priesthood when he was the archbishop of Milwaukee" and that " a document unearthed during bankruptcy proceedings for the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and made public by victims’ advocates reveals that the archdiocese did make such payments to multiple accused priests to encourage them to seek dismissal, thereby allowing the church to remove them from the payroll".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/31/us/cardinal-authorized-payments-to-abusers.html?src=recg | work=The New York Times | first=Laurie | last=Goodstein | title=In Milwaukee Post, Cardinal Authorized Paying Abusers | date=May 30, 2012}}</ref>

===Archbishop of New York===
[[File:Coat of arms of Timothy Michael Dolan.svg|thumb|left|250px|Coat of Arms of Cardinal Dolan]]
On February 23, 2009, Dolan was appointed the tenth [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref name=newyork>{{cite news|date=February 23, 2009|work=[[Holy See]]|title=Rinuncia Dell'Arcivescovo Metropolita di New York (U.S.A.) e Nomina Del Successore|url=http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/23453.php?index=23453&lang=en}}</ref> The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, the nation's second-largest after the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles]], serves over 2.5 million Roman Catholics.<ref name=newyork/> He succeeded Cardinal [[Edward Egan]], who reached the mandatory retirement age of 75 in 2007. According to Dolan, he was informed of his appointment "nine, ten days" prior to the official announcement.<ref name=interview>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2009 |work=Whispers in the Loggia |title=Interview #1 |url=http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2009/02/interview-1.html |last= Palmo |first= Rocco}}</ref> Recalling the phone call he received from [[Nunciature of the Holy See in Washington DC|Apostolic Nuncio]] [[Pietro Sambi]], as opposed to his appointments as Auxiliary Roman Catholic Bishop of St. Louis and Archbishop of Milwaukee when Dolan was told that the Pope "would like [him] to" take the posts, he said that Sambi "was quite factual" in that he told him that "the Pope had appointed [him]" to New York, giving Dolan little choice other than to accept.<ref name=interview/>

The last time an Archbishop of New York was named without previously holding an office in the archdiocese's ranks came in 1939, when [[Pope Pius XII]] tapped close friend and then-Auxiliary Bishop [[Francis Spellman]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Archdiocese of Boston]]; however, Cardinal [[John Joseph O'Connor]] had served as an auxiliary to Cardinal [[Terence Cooke]] in the latter's capacity as head of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA|military ordinariate]], not as Archbishop of New York.

Before Dolan's appointment, his name had been repeatedly mentioned as a possible successor to Cardinal Egan.,<ref name=times>{{cite news |date=April 21, 2008 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Egan May Be Leaving the Archdiocese Soon, Now That a Historic Visit Has Ended |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/21/us/nationalspecial2/21egan.html |last= Newman |first= Andy}}</ref><ref name=nytimes>{{cite news |date=February 4, 2009 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Choice of a New Archbishop in New York Is Near, Speculation Suggests |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/05/nyregion/05bishop.html?_r=1 |last= Goodstein |first= Laurie}}</ref><ref name=newsmax>{{cite news |date=January 29, 2009 |work=Newsmax |title=Pope to Announce New Archbishop of New York |url=http://www.newsmax.com/us/pope_archbishop_NY/2009/01/29/176473.html |last=Pentin |first=Edward}}</ref> but he downplayed such speculation, saying, "Anytime there's kind of a major [[Episcopal see|see]] that [[Sede vacante|opens]], what have we seen with [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington|Washington]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore|Baltimore]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit|Detroit]], now [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|New York]], my name for some reason comes up. I'm flattered."<ref name=wisn>{{cite news |date=February 8, 2009 |work=WISN Milwaukee |title=Archbishop Dolan Comments On Possible NYC Future |url=http://www.wisn.com/news/18668691/detail.html}}</ref> [[John L. Allen, Jr.|John Allen, Jr.]], Vatican correspondent for the [[National Catholic Reporter]], has noted that Pope Benedict's appointment of Dolan, like those of [[Donald Wuerl]], [[Edwin Frederick O'Brien|Edwin O'Brien]], and [[Dennis Marion Schnurr|Dennis Schnurr]], follows a pattern of choosing prelates "who are basically conservative in both their politics and their theology, but also upbeat, pastoral figures given to dialogue."<ref name=pattern>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2009 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |title=Benedict's U.S. appointments follow a pattern |url=http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/benedicts-us-appointments-follow-pattern|last=Allen, Jr.|first=John}}</ref>

Dolan was formally installed as Archbishop of New York at [[St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York|St. Patrick's Cathedral]] on [[Easter Wednesday]], April 15, 2009. He wore the [[pectoral cross]] used by his earlier predecessor [[John Hughes (archbishop)|John Hughes]].<ref name=homily>{{cite news|date=April 15, 2009|work=Whispers in the Loggia|title=The Church Herself Begins|url=http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2009/04/church-herself-begins.html}}</ref> In attendance were eleven cardinals and several New York elected officials.<ref name=installation/>

Dolan received the [[pallium]], a [[vestment]] worn by [[metropolitan bishop]]s, from Pope Benedict XVI on June 29, 2009, in a ceremony at [[St. Peter's Basilica]].<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20100219190650/http://212.77.1.245/news_services/press/vis/dinamiche/b0_en.htm LENT: PATH OF CONVERSION AND OPENNESS TO DIVINE LOVE] (February 17, 2010)</ref>

He served as [[Chair (official)|chairman]] of the board of directors of [[Catholic Relief Services]] (in which capacity he visited [[Ethiopia]] and [[India]]<ref name=impression>{{cite news|date=April 9, 2009|work=Catholic New York|title=He's made a Positive Impression|url=http://www.cny.org/archive/ld/ld9040909.htm|last=Lajoie|first=Ron}}</ref>) until his election as president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, and he remains a member of the [[Board of Trustees of The Catholic University of America]]. Within the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]], he chairs the Priestly Life and Ministry Committee and sits on the Subcommittee on the Church in Africa. In November 2007, he lost the election for [[Vice President]] of the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]], being defeated by Bishop [[Gerald Frederick Kicanas|Gerald Kicanas]] by a margin of twenty-two votes.

Dolan is also the apostolic visitor to Irish seminaries as part of the [[Apostolic visitation to Ireland]] following the publication of the Ryan and [[Murphy Report]]s in 2009. Dolan will form part of a team that will include Cardinal [[Cormac Murphy-O'Connor]], the cardinal-archbishop emeritus of Westminster, who will inspect Cardinal Brady's [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Armagh|archdiocese of Armagh]], and Cardinal O'Malley of Boston who is to inspect [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin|Dublin]]. Toronto's Archbishop [[Thomas Christopher Collins]] will investigate [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel|Cashel]], while Ottawa's Archbishop [[Terrence Prendergast]] will look at the archdiocese of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuam|Tuam]]. Following the conclusion, he will report their findings directly to [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref>[http://www.independent.ie/national-news/bishops-summoned-to-rome-for-abuse-crisis-talks-2357103.html Bishops summoned to Rome for abuse crisis talks]. Independent.ie. September 29, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

On January 5, 2011, he was appointed among the first members of the newly created [[Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26652.php?index=26652&lang=en#NOMINA Di Membri Del Pontificio Consiglio Per La Promozione Della Nuova Evangelizzazione]. Press.catholica.va. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

In December 2011 Dolan was awarded the rank of Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus by HRH Prince Victor Emmanuel.<ref>[http://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/events.asp?id=785]</ref>

In 2011 he led a root and branch review of all structures and processes at the [[Pontifical Irish College]] in Rome. The report was highly critical of the college, as a result of which three Irish members of the staff were sent home and a fourth resigned. Four Irish archbishops, Cardinal Seán Brady, Archbishop of Armagh; the Archbishop of Dublin, Dr Diarmuid Martin; the Archbishop of Tuam, Dr Michael Neary, and the Archbishop of Cashel, Dr Dermot Clifford, were sent a copy of the visitation report by the Vatican. A response prepared for them said "a deep prejudice appears to have coloured the visitation and from the outset and it led to the hostile tone and content of the report".<ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2012/0615/1224317977635.html Irish College staff in Rome given no right of reply</ref><ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/frontpage/2012/0615/1224317985472.html Vatican report critical of culture and ethos of Irish College in Rome</ref> The visitation report said “a disturbingly significant number of seminarians gave a negative assessment of the atmosphere of the house”. Staff, it added, were “critical about any emphasis on Rome, tradition, the magisterium, piety or assertive orthodoxy, while the students are enthusiastic about these features”. A change in the staff was recommended. Elsewhere the report said: “The apostolic visitor noted, and heard from students, an ‘anti-ecclesial bias’ in theological formation.”<ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/frontpage/2012/0615/1224317985472.html Vatican report critical of culture and ethos of Irish College in Rome</ref>

On December 29, 2011 he was appointed a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Social Communications]] for a five-year renewable term.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28604.php?index=28604&lang=en Nomina Di Membri Del Pontificio Consiglio Delle Comunicazioni Sociali]. Press.catholica.va (2011-12-29). Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref> On April 21, 2011 he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29094.php?index=29094&po_date=21.04.2012&lang=en]</ref>

In 2012, Dolan expressed his public disappointment in the ''HHS Mandate'' promulgated by American President [[Barack Obama]]. In a televised [[CBS]] interview, Dolan condemned the interference of the government in, what he viewed, as dismissal of right to religious conscience and religious freedom regarding the mandatory compulsion of religious groups and organizations to provide [[abortifacient]] drugs and [[contraception]] insurance coverage to its hired employees, while at the same time against the moral tenets of the [[Roman Catholic]] faith<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7398092n Archbishop Dolan on contraception controversy – CBS News Video]. Cbsnews.com (2012-02-09). Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref> After [[Barack Obama]] revised the rule, Dolan said the "first decision was a terribly misguided judgment" and said the new rule was "a first step".<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57374852-503544/timothy-dolan-birth-control-tweak-a-first-step/ Timothy Dolan: Birth control tweak a "first step" – Political Hotsheet]. CBS News. February 10, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

On January 24, 2012, Dolan went on a religious pilgrimage to the [[Israel|Holy Land]], where he met [[Latin]] [[Patriarch]] of [[Jerusalem]] [[Fouad Twal]].<ref>[http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/local/new_york&id=8510904]</ref><ref>Chabin, Michele. (2012-02-02) [http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/cardinal-designate-dolan-and-fellow-priests-on-pilgrimage-boost-holy-land-c/ Cardinal-Designate Dolan and Fellow Priests on Pilgrimage Boost Holy Land Christians | Daily News]. NCRegister.com. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

===President of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops===
Dolan was elected on November 16, 2010, to the presidency of the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]], becoming the first New York bishop to attain the post. Dolan replaced Cardinal Francis George, who did not run for re-election. In a vote of 128–111, Dolan beat out nine others, including [[Gerald Frederick Kicanas|Bishop Gerald F. Kicanas]] of Tucson, Arizona, to win the three-year term.<ref>{{cite news|date=November 16, 2010|work=CNN|title=Dolan Elected President of US Catholic Bishops Conference|url=http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/11/16/dolan-elected-president-of-u-s-catholic-bishops-conference/?hpt=T2}}</ref> Dolan took office two days later.

===Elevation into the College of Cardinals===
On January 6, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI announced that Dolan would be created a [[cardinal (catholicism)|cardinal]] at the [[consistory]] of the Church held on February 18, 2012.<ref name=timesblog>{{cite news | date=January 6, 2012 |work=[[The New York Times]] | title=Archbishop Dolan to Become Cardinal |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/06/archbishop-dolan-to-become-cardinal/ | last=Goodman |first=J. Goodman}}</ref> Archbishop Dolan was formally elevated to the cardinalate by Pope Benedict XVI on February 18, 2012, receiving the traditional red biretta and gold ring during a ceremony in [[Saint Peter's Basilica]].<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46438235/ns/world_news-europe/#.Tz_X6FHOqWE Pope makes NY's Timothy Dolan a cardinal ]</ref> The day prior, he addressed the pope and the College of Cardinals on spreading the faith in a secularized world.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/archbishop-timothy-dolan-vatican-city-cardinal-article-1.1024837 Timothy Dolan receives red hat from Pope Benedict in Vatican City]</ref> He was created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[List of titular churches in Rome|Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario]]''. He was the first archbishop of New York not to receive the [[titular church]] of [[Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Rome|Santi Giovanni e Paolo]] since 1946, with that title still being held by Cardinal Egan, who is now [[archbishop emeritus]] of New York.

==Views==

===Abortion===
He has expressed his full intentions of using his prominent new post as a pulpit to advocate doctrinal views on such national social issues as abortion.<ref name=nypost>{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |work=[[The New York Post]]|title=He's In A NY State of Grace|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/regional/item_4LNP6VKTxqJC0VPxtRb0jN |first1=Austin |last1=Fenner |first2=Dan |last2=Mangan}}</ref> During his installation homily, he received a standing ovation after speaking of the Church's mission "to embrace and protect the dignity of every human person, the sanctity of human life, from the tiny baby in the womb to the last moment of natural passing into eternal life."<ref name=homily/><ref name=installation>{{cite news|date=April 15, 2009|work=City Room|title=The Installation of Archbishop Dolan|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/15/the-installation-of-archbishop-dolan/?apage=1|last=Chan|first=Sewell and Cara Buckley}}</ref>

During the [[United States presidential election, 2008|2008 presidential election]], Dolan rebuked [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[Vice President of the United States|vice-presidential]] candidate then-[[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] [[Joe Biden]] and [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Nancy Pelosi]] for "misrepresenting timeless Church doctrine" on [[abortion]], which Dolan called the "premier civil rights issue of our day."<ref name=times>{{cite news |date=September 28, 2008 |work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] |title=How can anyone be silent on this key civil rights question? |url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/opinion/32482989.html |last=Dolan |first=Timothy}}</ref> However, he does not favor denying [[Eucharist (Catholic Church)|Communion]] to [[pro-choice]] elected officials.<ref>{{cite web|title=Archbishops Dolan, Listecki reluctant to deny Communion to pro-abortion politicians|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=5681|work=article|publisher=catholic culture.org|accessdate=April 21, 2012}}</ref>

In March 2009, Dolan noted that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Barack Obama]] has "taken a position very much at odds with the Church" regarding abortion, said the [[University of Notre Dame]] made a "big mistake" in selecting Obama to deliver its graduation ceremony's commencement speech.<ref name=mistake>{{cite news |date=March 30, 2009|work=TMJ4|title=Archbishop Dolan: Notre Dame Made a "Big Mistake"|url=http://www.todaystmj4.com/news/local/42081287.html|last=Lethlean|first=Time}}</ref>

===Clerical celibacy===
In 2003, after a group of Milwaukee priests petitioned to make [[Clerical celibacy (Catholic Church)|clerical celibacy]] optional,<ref name=priests>{{cite news |date=August 20, 2003 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Milwaukee Priests Seek Marriages in Clergy |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9501EED71130F933A1575BC0A9659C8B63 |last=Davey |first=Monica}}</ref> Dolan expressed his belief in celibacy "not just because I'm 'supposed to,' or reluctantly 'have to,' but because I want to."<ref name=celibacy>{{cite news |date=September 5, 2003 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Celibacy Issue Flares Again Within Ranks Of Priesthood |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E04E2D81138F936A3575AC0A9659C8B63 |last=Goodstein |first=Laurie}}</ref> He further defended celibacy against its critics, saying, "The recent sad scandal of clerical sexual abuse of minors, as the professionals have documented, has nothing to do with our celibate commitment."<ref name=celibacy/>

===Conscience rights===
In November 2009, Dolan signed an ecumenical statement known as the ''[[Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience|Manhattan Declaration]]'' calling on evangelicals, Roman Catholics and Orthodox not to comply with rules and laws permitting abortion, same-sex marriage and other matters that go against their religious consciences.<ref>[http://demossnews.com/manhattandeclaration/press_kit/manhattan_declaration_signers Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience]. Demossnews.com. November 20, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

===Homosexuals and the priesthood===
In 2005, the [[Holy See|Vatican]] issued an [[Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders|Instruction that deals with admitting same-sex attracted men to seminaries or Holy Orders]] which says men who "practice homosexuality, present deep-seated homosexual tendencies or support the so-called 'gay culture'" are incompatible with Holy Orders and cannot be admitted to the seminary or to Holy Orders.<ref name="Holy See Instruction">{{cite news |date=November 4, 2005 |work=[[Congregation for Catholic Education]] |title=Instruction |url=http://www.usccb.org/instruction.pdf |last=[[Holy See]] }}</ref> Commenting on that document, Dolan has been quoted as saying that a homosexual who exhibits none of those criteria and feels he may have a vocation "shouldn't be discouraged" from becoming a seminarian.<ref name=CNS>{{cite news |date=November 29, 2005 |work=[[Catholic News Service]] |title=Bishops, Seminary Officials React to Document on Gays and Priesthood |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0506798.htm |last=Bono |first=Agostino}}</ref>

In a 2001 interview on the subject, while rector of the [[Pontifical North American College]] in Rome, he is quoted as saying that Seminary formators owe it to the Church to be vigilant, never allowing a man to be ordained who gives any evidence of tendencies to sexual immorality and being very blunt in holding up to their men the clear expectations of Jesus and his Church.<ref name=Zenit>{{cite news |date=June 25, 2001 |work=[[Zenit News Agency|Zenit]] |title=Countering the Myth of the "Gay Priesthood" |url=http://zenit.org/article-1790?l=english}}</ref> He said formators must present the beauty of celibacy but at the same time be candid about the dangers to celibate commitment, including a homosexual inclination.<ref name="Zenit"/> He further said that formators must be sure that candidates accept that they are both embracing a life of generous love in selfless service to the Church and that they are leaving behind all genital expression, alone or with others, male or female, in thought, word and deed.<ref name="Zenit"/>

===Iraq war===
While noting that the "Church has weighed in" against the [[Iraq War|war in Iraq]] and [[capital punishment]], Dolan defended not publicly opposing President [[George W. Bush]]'s earlier appearance at Notre Dame by saying, "Where President Bush would have taken positions on those two hot-button issues that I'd be uncomfortable with, namely the war and capital punishment, I would have to give him the benefit of the doubt to say that those two issues are open to some discussion and are not intrinsically evil...In the Catholic mindset, that would not apply to abortion."<ref name=ball>{{cite news|date=April 23, 2009|work=Whispers in the Loggia|title=Play Ball|url=http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2009/04/play-ball.html|last=Palmo|first=Rocco}}</ref> He later said he will challenge any suggestion that Roman Catholics are unenlightened because they oppose [[Same-sex marriage|gay marriage]] and abortion.<ref name=zoll>{{cite news|date=April 13, 2009|agency=Associated Press|title=Dolan to fight anti-Catholic bias|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/national/1110ap_rel_archbishop_dolan.html|last=Zoll|first=Rachel|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref>

===Marriage===
In an interview with the ''[[New York Post]]'' on April 22, 2009, Dolan reasserted the Catholic Church's opposition to legalizing [[same-sex marriage in the United States|same-sex marriage]]. Dolan said, "There is an in-built code of [[Conscience|right and wrong]] that is imbedded in the human [[DNA]]...Hard-wired into us is a dictionary, and the dictionary defines marriage as between one man, one woman for life, please God, leading to the procreation of human life. And if we begin to tamper with the very definition of marriage, then we're going to be in big trouble."<ref name=ball/><ref name=gothamist>{{cite news|date=April 23, 2009|work=[[Gothamist]]|url=http://gothamist.com/2009/04/23/dolan_promoting_open_dialogue_on_co.php|last=Parker|first=Billy}}</ref> Describing the Church's position as not "anti-gay," he said, "We're pro-the most basic definition of marriage."

In a blog post in June 2011, Dolan compared a same-sex marriage proposal in the State of New York to life in China or North Korea, where "government presumes daily to 'redefine' rights, relationships, values and natural law." "Please, not here!" Dolan continued. "We cherish true freedom, not as the license to do whatever we want, but the liberty to do what we ought."<ref>[http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-06-14/news/29678213_1_gay-marriage-marriage-activists-ross-levi NY's top Catholic officials seek to halt Senate vote on legalizing gay marriage]. NYDaily News (June 14, 2011)</ref>

In July 2011 the [[United States Department of Justice]] filed a brief in court arguing that the [[Defense of Marriage Act]] "should be struck down as a form of sexual orientation discrimination." On September 20, 2011, Dolan cited this brief in a letter along with an analysis by the [[U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops]] as evidence that the Justice Department "has shifted...to actively attacking DOMA's constitutionality." Dolan predicted current federal actions would "precipitate a national conflict between church and state of enormous proportions and to the detriment of both institutions."<ref>[http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1103759.htm Catholic News Services: Fight against federal law will undermine marriage, says archbishop. Dated Sep-22-2011]. Catholicnews.com. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref> ''[[USA Today]]'' said this "appears to signal an escalation in their battle against gay marriage."<ref>Gibson, David (September 23, 2011). [http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/story/2011-09-23/gay-marriage-bishop/50528104/1 "Catholics Warn of 'National Conflict' over Gay Marriage"]. [[Religion News Service]] (via ''[[USA Today]]''). Retrieved January 6, 2011.</ref>

===Contraception===
Dolan, as president of the [[USCCB]], sharply criticized the decision by the Obama administration in which it "ordered almost every employer and insurer in the country to provide sterilization and contraceptives, including some abortion-inducing drugs, in their health plans....Never before has the federal government forced individuals and organizations to go out into the marketplace and buy a product that violates their conscience. This shouldn't happen in a land where free exercise of religion ranks first in the Bill of Rights." He urged Catholics and the public at large to speak out in protest. He went on to say “Let your elected leaders know that you want religious liberty and rights of conscience restored and that you want the administration’s contraceptive mandate rescinded,”.<ref name="Cardinal-Designate Dolan Speaks Out Against HHS Rule, Calls For Action In New Web Video">[http://www.usccb.org/news/2012/12-013.cfm Cardinal-Designate Dolan Speaks Out Against HHS Rule, Calls For Action In New Web Video]. Usccb.org (2012-01-20). Retrieved February 18, 2012.</ref>

Largely because of his work as USCCB President on this issue, he was named to the 2012 [[Time 100]]'s list of leaders.

===Sexual abuse scandal===
As an auxiliary Roman Catholic bishop, Dolan was criticized for his handling of [[Catholic sex abuse cases|Roman Catholic priests accused of sexual misconduct]], accused of being on a "[[Witch-hunt|witch hunt]]" to dismiss [[abusive]] priests.<ref name=beacon/> He spoke with parishes, victims, and the media about the scandals, and invited victims of clerical abuse to come forward.<ref name=beacon/> Commenting on his meetings with them, Dolan said, "...[i]t is impossible to exaggerate the gravity of the situation, and the suffering that victims feel, because I've spent the last four months being with them, crying with them, having them express their anger to me."<ref name=successor/> In 2011, Dolan thanked [[Bill Donohue]] for a press release, reproduced on the Archdiocese of New York website, in which Donahue referred to the non-profit support group [[Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests]] as a "phony victims' group".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.archny.org/?p=1556 |title=Gratitude to the Catholic League « The Gospel in the Digital Age |publisher=Blog.archny.org |date=August 11, 2011 |accessdate=February 10, 2012}}</ref> In May 2012, the New York Times revealed that he had also paid some individual abusive priests upward of $20,000 to leave the priesthood rather than reporting them to the proper authorities. Dolan had previously called the accusation that he made these payments "false, preposterous, and unjust".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/31/us/cardinal-authorized-payments-to-abusers.html?_r=2&ref=us |title=In Milwaukee Post, Cardinal Authorized Paying Abusers |deadurl=no |accessdate=February 7, 2013}}</ref>

===Theology===
Dolan is considered to be theologically [[Conservatism|conservative]],<ref name=powell>{{cite news|date=February 23, 2009|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=A Genial Conservative for New York's Archdiocese|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/nyregion/24dolan.html|last=Powell|first= Michael}}</ref><ref name=pattern/><ref name=successor>{{cite news |date=June 26, 2002 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Pope Chooses A Successor To Prelate In Milwaukee |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C03EFD8173EF935A15755C0A9649C8B63 |last= Goodstein |first= Laurie}}</ref><ref name=pentin>{{cite news|date=January 29, 2009|work=[[Newsmax Media|Newsmax]]|title=Pope to Announce New Archbishop of New York|url=http://www.newsmax.com/us/pope_archbishop_NY/2009/01/29/176473.html|last=Pentin|first=Edward}}</ref> but once stated, "Titles of [[Liberal Christianity|liberal]] and conservative don't cut much mustard with me."<ref name=successor/> He is also seen as energetic and media-savvy,<ref name=takeover>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2009 |work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] |title=Milwaukee Takes Manhattan: Dolan Gets New York |url=http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2009/02/milwaukee-takes-manhattan-dolan-named.html |last= Palmo |first= Rocco}}</ref> with a "gregarious pastoral style."<ref name=traits>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2009 |work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] |title=Dolan to take over as archbishop of New York |url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/40067412.html |last= Johnson |first= Annysa}}</ref> As one [[Marquette University]] professor said, he "is with Rome on the big issues and on the little ones, but he does not do it in a dictatorial fashion."<ref name=powell/>

===World trade center attacks aftermath===
Dolan visited [[World Trade Center site|Ground Zero]], the site of the [[September 11 attacks]], on the following April 24.<ref name=visit>{{cite news|date=April 24, 2009|work=NY1 News|title=New Archbishop Visits World Trade Center Site|url=http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/97924/new-archbishop-visits-world-trade-center-site/Default.aspx}}</ref> After reciting the same prayer used by Benedict XVI during his visit to the United States, Dolan remarked, "We will never stop crying. But it's also about [[Aftermath of the September 11 attacks|September 12]] and all the renewal, the rebuilding, hope, solidarity and compassion that symbolized this great community and still does."<ref name=visit/> Dolan condemned as a miscarriage of justice the release of the convicted Lockerbie bomber al-Megrahi and his reception in Libya.

==Published books==
*Dolan, Timothy M. (1992). ''Some Seed Fell on Good Ground{{spaced ndash}}The Life of Edwin V. O'Hara''. Washington, D.C.: [[Catholic University of America Press]]. ISBN 978-0-8132-0748-3.
*Dolan, Timothy Michael (''circa'' 1993). ''A Century of Papal Representation in the United States''. South Orange, New Jersey: [[Immaculate Conception Seminary School of Theology]] of [[Seton Hall University]]. {{OCLC|3822-1938}}.
*Dolan, Monsignor Timothy M. (2000). ''Priests For The Third Millennium''. Huntington, Indiana: [[Our Sunday Visitor]]. ISBN 978-0-87973-319-3. (A collection of talks given to the seminarians and priests at the [[Pontifical North American College]], a school in [[Rome]], [[Italy]], for [[Roman Catholic]] seminarians and priests.)
*Dolan, Timothy M.; [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis]] (2001). ''Archdiocese of St. Louis{{spaced ndash}}Three Centuries of Catholicism, 1700–2000''. Strasbourg, France: [[Editions du Signe]]. ISBN 978-2-7468-0353-4.
*Dolan, Archbishop Timothy M. (2005). ''Called to Be Holy''. Huntington, Indiana: [[Our Sunday Visitor]]. ISBN 978-1-59276-072-5.
*Dolan, Archbishop Timothy M. (2007). ''Advent Reflections{{spaced ndash}}Come, Lord Jesus!''. Huntington, Indiana: [[Our Sunday Visitor]]. ISBN 978-1-59276-393-1.
*Dolan, Archbishop Timothy M. (2009). ''Doers of the Word{{spaced ndash}}Putting Your Faith into Practice''. Huntington, Indiana: [[Our Sunday Visitor]]. ISBN 978-1-59276-639-0.
*Dolan, Archbishop Timothy M. (2009). ''To Whom Shall We Go?{{spaced ndash}}Lessons from the Apostle Peter''. Huntington, Indiana: [[Our Sunday Visitor]]. ISBN 978-1-59276-050-3.

==See also==
{{portal|Biography|Catholicism}}
*[[List of the Catholic bishops of the United States]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Barelinks|date=February 2013}}
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.archny.org/about-us/timothy-cardinal-dolan] at the Archdiocese of New York website
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdolan.html Timothy Dolan, Catholic Hierarchy]
*[http://www.jsonline.com/news/metro/aug02/69818.asp?format=print Article on Dolan's installation as archbishop] from the ''[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]''
*[http://www.usccb.org/plm/ Priestly Life and Ministry Committee], at the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops website
*[http://www.usccb.org/churchinafrica/subcommittee.shtml Subcommittee on the Church in Africa], at the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops website

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Pontifical North American College#Rectors|Rector of the Pontifical North American College]]
| before = [[John Gavin Nolan]]
| after = [[Kevin McCoy (rector)|Kevin P. McCoy]]
| years = 1994–2001}}
{{succession box
| title = Titular Bishop of Natchesium
| before = [[Edwin Frederick O'Brien]]
| after = [[Salvatore J. Cordileone]]
| years = 2001–2002}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee|Archbishop of Milwaukee]]
| before = [[Rembert Weakland]], OSB
| after = [[Jerome Edward Listecki]]
| years = 2002–2009}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]]
| before = [[Edward Egan]]
| after = incumbent
| years = 2009–present}}
{{succession box
| title = [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|President of the USCCB]]
| before = [[Francis George]], OMI
| after = incumbent
| years = 2010–present}}
{{succession box
| title = Cardinal-Priest of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario
| before = [[Adolfo Suárez Rivera]]
| after = incumbent
| years = 2012–present}}
{{s-end}}
{{ArchbishopsofNY}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=75457317}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Dolan, Timothy
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Archbishop
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1950-02-06
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], United States
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dolan, Timothy}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:American cardinals]]
[[Category:The Catholic University of America alumni]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Kenrick–Glennon Seminary alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical North American College]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
[[Category:People from Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:People from St. Louis County, Missouri]]
[[Category:People from St. Louis, Missouri]]
[[Category:Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical North American College alumni]]
[[Category:Religious leaders from Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Archbishops of New York]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]]
[[Category:Writers from Missouri]]
[[Category:Writers from New York City]]
[[Category:Writers from Wisconsin]]

[[cs:Timothy Dolan]]
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[[es:Timothy Michael Dolan]]
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[[ru:Долан, Тимоти Майкл]]

Gianfranco Ravasi

2013-02-12T02:16:03Z

190.29.71.51:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Gianfranco Ravasi
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Pontifical Council for Culture|President of the Pontifical Council for Culture]] Cardinal-Deacon of [[San Giorgio in Velabro]]
| image = Gianfranco Ravasi.jpg
| caption =
| province =
| diocese =
| see =
| enthroned = 3 September 2007
| ended = ''incumbent''
| predecessor = [[Paul Poupard]]
| successor =
| ordination = 28 June 1966
| consecration = 29 September 2007
| cardinal = 20 November 2010
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Gianfranco Ravasi.svg
| rank =
| other_post = Prefect of the Ambrosian Library (1989–2007)
| birth_name = Gianfranco Ravasi
| birth_date = 18 October 1942
| birth_place = [[Merate]], [[Province of Lecco]], [[Italy]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = Italian
| religion = Roman Catholic
| residence =
| parents =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
}}
'''Gianfranco Ravasi''' (born 18 October 1942) is an [[Italy|Italian]] [[prelate]], a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He currently serves in the Roman Curia as President of the [[Pontifical Council for Culture]]. On 20 November 2010 Ravasi was created cardinal by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].

==Biography==

===Early life===
The eldest of three children, Ravasi was born in [[Merate]], [[Province of Lecco]]. His father was an [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascist]] tax official who served in [[Sicily]] during [[World War II]], but later deserted the [[Italian Army|army]]; it took him 18 months to return to his family.<ref name=maven>{{cite news|date=16 May 2008|work=[[National Catholic Reporter]]|title=The Vatican's culture maven|url=http://ncronline.org/node/1016|last=O'Grady|first=Desmond}}</ref> Ravasi would later say, "My search has always been for something permanent, for what is behind the transitory, the contingent. I'm fighting loss and death, which probably relates to the absence of my father in my first years."<ref name=maven/> His mother was a [[Teacher|schoolteacher]].

===Ordination===
Ravasi decided to join the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] instead of teaching [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Latin]] [[classics]], as had been his original desire.<ref name=maven/> He attended the [[seminary]] of Milan, and was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] by Cardinal [[Giovanni Colombo]] on 28 June 1966.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Gianfranco Ravasi|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bravg.html}}</ref> He then furthered his studies in [[Rome]] at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] and the [[Pontifical Biblical Institute]]. He spent summers in [[Syria]], [[Jordan]], [[Iraq]], and [[Turkey]], working as an [[Archaeology|archaeologist]] with such figures as [[Kathleen Kenyon]] and [[Roland de Vaux]].<ref name=maven/>

===Professor===
He later served as a [[professor]] of [[exegesis]] of the [[Old Testament]] at the Theological Faculty of Northern Italy in Milan. From 1989 to 2007, he was [[prefect]] of the [[Ambrosian Library]]. He also collaborated with Cardinal [[Carlo Maria Martini]], [[Society of Jesus|S.J.]], but was sometimes seen as more [[Conservatism|conservative]] than the Cardinal on matters of faith and morals.<ref name=papabile>{{cite news|date=2 May 2008|work=[[National Catholic Reporter]]|title=Interview with Ambassador Glendon; A possible papabile|url=http://ncronline.org/node/11781|last=Allen, Jr.|first=John}}</ref>

===Candidate for bishop===
In 2005, according to Sandro Magister, Ravasi was a leading candidate to become [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Assisi-Nocera Umbra-Gualdo Tadino|bishop of Assisi]] but the [[Congregation for Bishops]] withdrew his candidacy after Ravasi wrote an article about [[Easter]] in the [[newspaper]] ''Il Sole 24 Ore'', in which his statement, "He was not raised; he arose," was seen as potentially heterodox.<ref name=magister>{{cite news|date=8 September 2008|work=Chiesa|title=An Air of Appointments in the Curia–With a Gust of New Culture|url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/160541?&eng=y|last=Magister|first=Sandro}}</ref> Yet in 2007, at the invitation of [[Pope Benedict XVI]], he composed the [[Good Friday]] meditations for the public procession of [[Stations of the Cross]] led by the Pope at the [[Colosseum]].<ref name=magister/><ref name=palmo>{{cite news|date=6 April 2008|work=Whispers in the Loggia|url=http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2007/04/blog-post.html|last=Palmo|first=Rocco}}</ref>

===Roman Curia===
On 3 September 2007, Ravasi was appointed [[President]] of the [[Pontifical Council for Culture]] and [[Titular bishop|Titular Archbishop]] of ''Villamagna in Proconsulari''. He was also named President of the [[Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church]] and of the [[Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archeology]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] as an archbishop on the following 29 September from Benedict XVI himself, with [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinals]] [[Tarcisio Bertone]], [[Salesians of Don Bosco|S.D.B.]], and [[Marian Jaworski]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], at [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. On 20 November 2010, he was created and proclaimed [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[San Giorgio in Velabro]]''.
{{Infobox cardinal styles
| cardinal name = Gianfranco Ravasi
| image = Coat of arms of Gianfranco Ravasi.svg
| image_size = 200px
| dipstyle = [[His Eminence]]
| offstyle = [[Eminence|Your Eminence]]
| relstyle = [[Cardinal]]
| See =
| deathstyle =
}}

On 11 December 2010, Ravasi was named a member of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]] for a five-year renewable term.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26550.php?index=26550&po_date=11.12.2010&lang=en NOMINA DI MEMBRI DELLA CONGREGAZIONE PER L’EDUCAZIONE CATTOLICA]</ref> On 29 December 2010, he was appointed the first member of the new [[Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation]] and also a member of the Pontifical Council for Interreligous Dialogue.<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26626.phpindex=26626&po_date=29.12.2010&lang=en NOMINA DI CARDINALI MEMBRI DEI DICASTERI DELLA CURIA ROMANA]</ref>

====Court of the Gentiles====

In February 2011 Cardinal Ravasi said that the dialogue between believers and nonbelievers should not limit itself to finding a least common denominator of agreement, but rather should seek to confront the fundamental questions of life. Cardinal Ravasi spoke of the need for more profound dialogue with nonbelievers which took place in an interview, which took place ahead of the presentation at the University of Bologna of the "Court of the Gentiles." The new Vatican structure – overseen by the culture council – was created to foster dialogue between believers and nonbelievers. The idea for this initiative was proposed in a 21 December 2009, address by Pope Benedict to the Roman Curia, in which he spoke about the "Court of the Gentiles," a space in the ancient Temple of Jerusalem that was not reserved for the Jews, but rather was open to any person independent of his culture or religion. Cardinal Ravasi, "wanted to reintroduce the ancient tradition of the 'disputed questions' – as they were called then – while at that time they had to do with different opinions and theses, in this case they will be between believers and nonbelievers." He added "I am trying to see to it that this danger is avoided,". He stated that "I want really fundamental questions to be asked – questions of anthropology, then good and evil, life and afterlife, love suffering, the meaning of evil – questions that are substantially at the basis of human existence."<ref>[http://www.zenit.org/rssenglish-31737 CARDINAL RAVASI URGES DIALOGUE WITH NONBELIEVERS]</ref>

The programme visited Stockholm, Sweden from 13–14 September 2012. It will put Cardinal Ravasi and other Catholic thinkers into dialogue with a cross-section of Sweden’s leading intellectual lights on these questions: “Can one choose a ‘World without God?’ How far can the human person go in the field of creation? Are there limits, and if so, what are they?”<ref>[http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/ravasi-most-interesting-man-church]</ref>

====Preaching====

In November 2011 Cardinal Ravasi said preaching in churches had become formulaic and boring that it risked becoming "irrelevant". He said that "The advent of televised and computerised information requires us to be compelling and trenchant, to cut to the heart of the matter, resort to narratives and colour," He added that "We need to remember that communicating faith doesn't just take place through sermons. It can be achieved through the 140 characters of a Twitter message."<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/8872795/Catholic-priests-urged-to-liven-up-sermons.html Catholic priests urged to liven up sermons]</ref>

===Views on evolution===
In 2008, he said, "I want to affirm, as an ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'', the compatibility of the theory of evolution with the message of the Bible and the Church's theology."<ref name=allen>{{cite news|date=18 September 2008|work=[[National Catholic Reporter]]|title=Genesis isn't a science book: Vatican to study evolution; Benedict's trip to France; and Pius XII|url=http://ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/genesis-isnt-science-book-vatican-study-evolution-benedicts-trip-france-an|last=Allen, Jr.|first=John}}</ref> He also noted that neither [[Charles Darwin]] nor his work ''[[On the Origin of Species]]'' had ever been condemned by the Church.<ref name=allen/>

===Other===
Some commentators thought that Ravasi would be the next Archbishop of Milan, replacing [[Dionigi Tettamanzi]], but [[Angelo Scola]] was instead appointed to that see. However, the same writers would consider him ''[[papabile]]'' in either position.<ref>[http://ncrcafe.org/node/1781 NCR cafe]</ref> Cardinal Ravasi was admitted to the [[Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George]] by [[Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria]] in 2006 and promoted to Bailiff Grand Cross of Justice following his elevation to the College of Cardinals, in 2010.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Episcopal succession
| date of consecration = 29 September 2007
| consecrated by = [[Pope Benedict XVI]]
}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Paul Poupard]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Pontifical Council for Culture|President of the Pontifical Council for Culture]]|years=2007 – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mauro Piacenza]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church|President of the Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church]]|years=2007 – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mauro Piacenza]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archeology|President of the Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archeology]]|years=2007 – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=49261977}}

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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 18 October 1942
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Merate]], [[Province of Lecco]], [[Italy]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravasi, Gianfranco}}
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Raymundo Damasceno Assis

2013-02-11T20:39:13Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{citation style|date=June 2011}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Raymundo Damasceno Assis
| honorific-suffix =
| title =[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Aparecida|Cardinal-Archbishop of Aparecida]]
| image = Raymundo damasceno.jpg
| caption =
| province =
| archdiocese = [[Aparecida]]
| see = Aparecida
| appointed = 28 January 2004
| enthroned = 25 March 2004
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Aloísio Lorscheider]]
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of Immacolata al Tiburtino
| ordination = 19 March 1968
| ordinated_by = [[Jose Newton de Almeida Baptista]]
| consecration = 15 September 1986
| consecrated_by = [[José Freire Falcão]]
| cardinal = 20 November 2010
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Auxiliary Bishop of Brasília (1986-2004)|Titular Bishop of Nova Petra (1986 - 2004)}}
| birth_name = Raymundo Damasceno Assis
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1937|2|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Capela Nova]], [[Brazil]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = Brazilian
| religion =[[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Raymundo Damasceno Assis.svg
}}

'''Raymundo Damasceno Assis'''({{IPA-pt|ʁaj'mũdu dama'senu a'sis|br}}, born 15 February 1937) is an [[Brazil]]an [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He was auxiliary bishop of Brasilla. He is current archbishop of Aparecida.<ref>[http://www.arquidioceseaparecida.org.br/arquidiocese/governo/dom-damasceno Archbishop of Aparecida in Brazil.] (in Portuguese)</ref>

==Biography==

===Early life and ordination===
Damasceno Assis was born 15 February 1937 in Capela Nova. In 1948, he entered the Juvenato São José of the Marist Brothers, in the city of [[Mendes]] where he completed his basic elementary education; then he discerned that his vocation was for the priesthood and returned home to Conselheiro Lafaiete, archdiocese of Mariana, where the family had moved. In 1955, he entered the Minor Seminary of the archdiocese of Mariana, where he did his secondary studies; and then the Major Seminary, where he studied philosophy. In 1960, Archbishop Oscar de Oliveira, of Mariana, sent him to the newly established archdiocese of Brasília, as a help to that new local church, inaugurated on 21 April of that same year. In 1961, Brasília's archbishop, sent him to Rome to study theology at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], where he obtained a licentiate; he resided at Colegio Pío Brasileño during those years, the Second Vatican Council was occurring. In 1965, he was sent to Germany, where he concluded his formation at the Superior Institute of Catechesis in Münich. He returned to Brazil in 1968. He did post graduate studies in the philosophy of science at the University of Brasília and at the Pontifical Catholic University of Mina Gerais.

He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a priest on 19 March 1968, in Conselheiro Lafaiete, by José Newton de Almeida Baptista, archbishop of Brasília. In the archdiocese of Brasília, he served as coordinator of catechesis; pastor of the parish of Santíssimo Sacramento. He also served as [[chancellor]] and was co-founder and professor of the Major Seminary Nossa Senhora de Fatima and at the sane tine professor in the Department of Philosophy of the University of Brasília.

===Bishop===
Was appointed [[Titular Bishop]] of ''[[Nova Petra]]'' and auxiliary bishop of Brasília on 18 June 1986. Promoted metropolitan archbishop of Aparecida 28 January 2004. In 2007 elected president of the [[Latin American Episcopal Conference|Episcopal Council of Latin America]] (CELAM), his presidency ended in 2011.

{{Infobox cardinal styles|
cardinal name=Raymundo Damasceno Assis|
dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]|
offstyle=Your Eminence|
relstyle=[[Monsignor]]|
See=Aparecida |image=Coat of arms of Raymundo Damasceno Assis.svg|
image_size=200px|
deathstyle=|}}

===Cardinal===
[[Benedict XVI]] created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[List of titular churches in Rome|Immacolata al Tiburtino]]'' in the [[consistory]] of 20 November 2010.

In 2011 was elected president of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (Confêrencia Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil) for a [[quadrennium]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios2010.htm#Assis Biography at Salvador Miranda's site]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdamass.html Short biography]
* [http://www.gcatholic.com/dioceses/diocese/apar0.htm#5677 Biography at GCatholic.com]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Damasceno Asis, Raymundo
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 15 February 1937
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Capela Nova]], [[Brazil]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Damasceno Asis, Raymundo}}
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[[pl:Raymundo Damasceno Assis]]
[[pt:Raymundo Damasceno Assis]]
[[ru:Дамасену Ассис, Раймунду]]

Emmanuel Wamala

2013-02-06T05:52:29Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Infobox person
| image =|
| image_size = 150px|
| name = Emmanuel Wamala
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1926|12|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Uganda]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = '''[[Bachelor of Theology]]''' (B.Th)
[[Pontifical Urban University]]
| Consecration = 21 December 1957
|
| nationality = [[Uganda]]n
| ethnicity = [[Ganda|Muganda]]
| citizenship = [[Uganda]]
| residence = Nsambya, [[Uganda]]
| known_for = Pastoral service
| networth =
| home_town = [[Kampala]]
| title = Cardinal
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Emmanuel Wamala.svg
}}

'''Emmanuel Wamala''' was born December 15, 1926 in Kamaggwa parish of Lwaggulwe Masaka district, [[Uganda]] was [[archbishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kampala|Archdiocese of Kampala]], Uganda, who was created a [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''S. Ugo'' in 1994. He served as archbishop of Kampala until he resigned on 30 September 2006.

==Priesthood==
He was ordained, on 21 December 1957, chapel of the Pontifical Collegio Urbaniano, Rome, by Pietro Sigismondi. In the same ceremony was also ordained [[Stephen Fumio Hamao]], future cardinal. Further studies, Rome, 1957-1960. From 1960 to 1981, further studies in Uganda and United States as well as pastoral ministry in diocese of Masaka. During this time he also served as inspector of diocesan schools and faculty member of the Minor Seminary of Bukalasa; chaplain and faculty member and rector of University of Makerere. He served as [[vicar general]] of diocese of Masaka from 1974-1981. He was created [[Monsignor|Chaplain of His Holiness]] on 25 May 1977.

==Cardinal==
{{Infobox cardinalstyles
| dipstyle = His Eminence
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| See=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kampala|Kampala]] ([[Emeritus]])
| image =Coat of arms of Emmanuel Wamala.svg
| image_size = 200px}}
He was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]], but has lost the right to participate in any future conclave as a result of passing his eightieth birthday. He has been succeeded in Kampala by Archbishop Cyprian Kizito Lwanga, who is himself likely to be named a Cardinal in the next consistory given that his predecessors as Archbishop were.

==Views==
{{Empty section|date=April 2012}}

==African Prisons Project==

Cardinal Wamala is a Patron of the African Prisons Project, an international non-governmental organisation with a mission to bring dignity and hope to men women and children in African prisons through health, education, justice and reintegration

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Emmanuel Nsubuga]]
| title = Archbishop of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kampala|Archdiocese of Kampala]]
| years = 1990–2006
| after = Cyprian Kizito Lwanga
}}
{{end}}

==External links==
* [http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=113 Emmanuel Cardinal Wamala's catholic-pages bio]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Wamala, Emmanuel
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Uganda]]
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| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
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[[ru:Вамала, Эммануил]]
[[sl:Emmanuel Wamala]]
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Michael Michai Kitbunchu

2013-02-04T21:40:07Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Michael Michai Kitbunchu
| honorific-suffix =
| title = Cardinal Archbishop Emeritus of Bangkok
| image =
| caption = Cardinal Kitbunchu with Princess [[Galyani Vadhana]] and [[S.P. Somtow]] at [[Bangkok Opera]]
| province =
| diocese =
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangkok|Bangkok]]
| enthroned = 3 June 1973
| ended = 14 May 2009
| predecessor = Joseph Khiamsun Nittayo
| successor = [[Kriengsak Kovitvanit|Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovithavanij]]
| ordination = 20 December 1959
| consecration = 3 June 1973
| cardinal = 2 February 1983
| rank =
| other_post =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 25 January 1929
| birth_place = [[Amphoe Sam Phran|Samphran]], [[Nakhon Pathom Province]], [[Thailand]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents = Joseph-Yuhong Kitbunchu Maria-Klueab Kitbunchu
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Michael Michai Kitbunchu.svg
}}

'''Michael Michai Kitbunchu''' ({{lang-th|ไมเกิ้ล มีชัย กิจบุญชู}}, born 25 January 1929) is a [[Thailand|Thai]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He served as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangkok|Archbishop of Bangkok]] from 1973 to 2009, and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1983.

==Early life and ministry==
Michael Kitbunchu was born in [[Amphoe Sam Phran|Samphran]], a district of the [[Nakhon Pathom Province]], and studied at the [[minor seminary]] of [[Amphoe Si Racha|Siracha]].<ref name=miranda>{{cite news|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|title=KITBUNCHU, Michael Michai|url=http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-k.htm#Kitbunchu|last=Miranda|first=Salvador}}</ref> He then furthered his studies at the [[Pontifical Urbaniana University|Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum ''De Propaganda Fide'']] in [[Rome]], from where he obtained a [[licentiate]] in both [[philosophy]] and [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology|theology]].<ref name=vatican>{{cite news|work=[[Holy See]]|title=KITBUNCHU Card. Michael Michai|url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_kitbunchu_mm_en.html}}</ref> While in Rome, he was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Cardinal [[Grégoire-Pierre Agagianian]] on December 20, 1959.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Michael Michai Cardinal Kitbunchu|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkitb.html}}</ref>

Upon his return to [[Thailand]], Kitbunchu served as [[Curate|assistant pastor]] and then [[pastor]] in Bangham, and later became pastor of Calvary Parish in [[Bangkok]].<ref name=vatican/> He was also an [[Archdiocese|archdiocesan]] [[consultor]], and served as [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] of the [[Metropolitan bishop|metropolitan]] [[seminary]] of Bangkok from 1965 to 1972.<ref name=miranda/>

==Episcopal career==
On December 18, 1972, Kitbunchu was appointed the second [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangkok|Archbishop of Bangkok]] by [[Pope Paul VI]].<ref name=hierarchy/> He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on June 3, 1973 from Archbishop Joseph Khiamsun Nittayo, with Bishops Lawrence Thienchai Samanchit and Michel-Auguste-Marie Langer, [[Paris Foreign Missions Society|MEP]], serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]].<ref name=hierarchy/> He served as [[President]] of the Thai [[Episcopal Conference]] from 1979 to 1982, and again from 2000 to 2006.<ref name=miranda/><ref name=vatican/>

[[Pope John Paul II]] created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Lorenzo in Panisperna|S. Lorenzo in Panisperna]]'' in the [[consistory]] of 2 February 1983; he is the first cardinal from Thailand.<ref name=miranda/> Kitbunchu was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref name=hierarchy/> He refused [[funeral Masses]] for [[Drug trafficking|drug traffickers]], saying that such people "destroy society" and engage in "acts of indirect murder."<ref name=drug>{{cite news|date=2005-04-17|work=Cardinal Rating|title=Thai Cardinal refusing funeral mass for drug traffickers|url=http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_47__article_1351.htm}}</ref> He once expressed his [[Pro-life|opposition to]] [[abortion]] by saying, "Abortion is a great crime, because the one who should protect the child in her womb becomes the one who destroys the child."<ref name=conclave>{{cite news|date=2005-04-14|work=AsiaNews.it|title=Michai Kitbunchu, first cardinal from Thailand|url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=3038&dos=50&size=A}}</ref>

During the [[2005–2006 Thai political crisis|2006 political crisis]] in his country, Kitbunchu called for unity, saying, "All Thai people are patriotic and want the country to progress and develop on all fields, but now the political crisis has disturbed and worried the people."<ref name=chaos>{{cite news|date=2006-05-17|work=Cardinal Rating|title=Thai religious leaders call for unity in time of political chaos|url=http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_47__article_3938.htm}}</ref> He also asked Thais to "correct what is wrong and forgive each other."<ref name=chaos/>

Kitbunchu resigned from his position as Archbishop of Bangkok on May 14, 2009. At the time of his retirement, he was the oldest active head of an [[archdiocese]] in the [[Latin Rite]].

In addition to his native [[Thai language|Thai]], he can also speak [[Latin]], [[English language|English]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[French language|French]], and [[Chinese language|Chinese]].<ref name=vatican/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangkok|Archbishop of Bangkok]] |
before=Joseph Khiamsun Nittayo |
after=[[Kriengsak Kovitvanit|Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovithavanij]] |
years=1972–2009 }}
{{s-end}}



{{Persondata 
| NAME = Kitbunchu, Michael Michai
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 25 January 1929
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Amphoe Sam Phran|Samphran]], [[Nakhon Pathom Province]], [[Thailand]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kitbunchu, Michael Michai}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Thai cardinals]]
[[Category:Thai people of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:Thai Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Thai Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Pontifical Urbaniana University alumni]]

[[cs:Michael Michai Kitbunchu]]
[[de:Michael Michai Kitbunchu]]
[[fr:Michael Michai Kitbunchu]]
[[it:Michael Michai Kitbunchu]]
[[la:Michael Michai Kitbunchu]]
[[nl:Michael Kitbunchu]]
[[ja:マイケル・ミーチャイ・キットブンチュー]]
[[no:Michael Michai Kitbunchu]]
[[pl:Michael Michai Kitbunchu]]
[[pt:Michael Michai Kitbunchu]]
[[ru:Китбунчу, Михаил Мичаи]]
[[fi:Michael Michai Kitbunchu]]
[[sv:Michael Michai Kitbunchu]]
[[th:มีชัย กิจบุญชู]]

Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales

2013-02-02T04:35:05Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

[[File:Coat of arms of the CBCEW.svg|thumbnail|Coat of arms of the CBCEW]]
'''The Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales''' (CBCEW) is the [[episcopal conference]] of the [[Roman Catholicism in England and Wales|Roman Catholic Church in England and Wales]].

==About==
The Bishops' Conference of England and Wales is the permanent assembly of [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishops]] in these two countries. It is an expression of the [[collegiality]] of the bishops. Through it they proclaim the [[Gospel]] to the people of [[England]] and [[Wales]].

All the bishops of England and Wales meet together twice a year to decide policies for the Church at a national level. These week-long gatherings occur soon after [[Easter]] (Low Week) and in November.

Each bishop chairs a committee of experts dealing with a specific area of concern for the Church. Committees are grouped into departments for practical purposes.

The administration of the Bishops' Conference is funded by a levy on each [[diocese]], varying according to its size. A General Secretariat in [[London]] co-ordinates and supervises the Bishops' Conference administration activities. Attached to the General Secretariat is the [[Catholic Communications Network]], which deals with media relations.

==Structure==
;President: [[Vincent Nichols]], [[Archbishop of Westminster]]

;Vice-President: [[Peter Smith (bishop)|Peter Smith]], [[Archbishop of Southwark]]

;Membership:
*[[Diocesan bishop|Diocesan]], [[auxiliary bishop|auxiliary]] and [[Bishop (Catholic Church)#Retired bishops|emeritus (retired)]] bishops of England and Wales
*[[Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain|Apostolic Exarch for the Ukrainians]]
*[[Ordinary (officer)|Ordinary]] of the [[Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham]]

===Departments===
The conference is divided into departments each dealing with specific topic matters. There are seven departments, these being:

*Catholic Communications Network
*Catholic Education and Formation
*Christian Life and Worship
*Christian Responsibility and Citizenship
*Dialogue and Unity
*Evangelisation and Catecehis
*International Affairs

Each department consists of bishops and staff, and is chaired by one bishop. Other bishops contribute as episcopal staff, and there are a few other members serving as staff. Each department is further subdivided into committees; a separate member of the episcopal staff of that department oversees the reports and work of their committee.

===Other agencies===
Other agencies of the Bishops' Conference include:
*[[CAFOD]], the [[international development]] and [[Humanitarian aid|humanitarian]] agency
* CSAN, the domestic social action agency
* [[Catholic Education Service]]

==See also==
*[[Bishops' Conference of Scotland]]

==External links==
*[http://www.catholic-ew.org.uk/Catholic-Church/Catholic-Bishops-Conference-of-England-and-Wales Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales] official website
*[http://www.gcatholic.com/dioceses/conference/040.htm Bishops’ Conference of England and Wales webpage]. GCatholic website
* [http://www.cafod.org.uk CAFOD]
* [http://www.caritas-socialaction.org.uk/index.asp Caritas - Social Action]
* [http://www.catholicassociation.co.uk Catholic Association]
* [http://www.cesew.org.uk Catholic Education Service]

[[Category:Bishops conferences|Engl]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church in England and Wales|Bishops' Conference]]

[[de:Bischofskonferenz von England und Wales]]
[[fr:Conférence des évêques catholiques d'Angleterre et du pays de Galles]]
[[pl:Konferencja Biskupów Katolickich Anglii i Walii]]
[[ru:Конференция католических епископов Англии и Уэльса]]

Geraldo Majella Agnelo

2013-02-02T02:18:29Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Geraldo Majella Agnelo
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia|Archbishop Emeritus of São Salvador da Bahia]]
| image = Geraldomajella2006.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Cardinal Agnelo in 2006
| church =
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 13 January 1999
| term =
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end = 12 January 2011
| predecessor = [[Lucas Moreira Neves]]
| opposed =
| successor = [[Murilo Sebastião Ramos Krieger]]
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of S. Gregorio Magno alla Magliana Nuova

| ordination = 29 June 1957
| ordinated_by = [[Antônio Maria Alves de Siqueira]]
| consecration = 6 August 1978
| consecrated_by = [[Paulo Evaristo Arns]]
| cardinal = 21 February 2001
| rank = Cardinal-Priest

| birth_name = Geraldo Majella Agnelo
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1933|10|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Juiz de Fora]], [[Brazil]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = Brazilian
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| previous_post =
| alma_mater =
| motto = Caritas cum Fide
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Geraldo Majella Agnelo.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes =
| patronage =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date =

| other =
}}
'''Geraldo Majella Agnelo''' (born October 19, 1933), is a [[Brazil]]ian [[Roman Catholic]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]]. He is Archbishop Emeritus of [[São Salvador da Bahia]] and [[Primate (religion)|Primate]] Emeritus of Brazil.

==Early life and ordination==
Agnelo was born in [[Juiz de Fora]]. He was ordained for the Archdiocese of [[São Paulo]] on June 29, 1957, and holds a [[doctorate]] in liturgy from the Pontifical Athenaeum of [[St Anselm]], [[Rome]].

Agnelo was director of the philosophical seminary, [[Aparecida]]. He was spiritual director and professor at Immaculate Conception Seminary, [[Ipiranga]]. He was professor of liturgical and sacramental theology at [[Pius XI]] Theological Institute, and [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] of Our Lady of the Assumption Seminary.

==Bishop==
On May 5, 1978, Agnelo was appointed the second [[Bishop]] of [[Toledo, Brazil|Toledo]], [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]], and received episcopal ordination on August 6. On October 4, 1982, he was promoted to [[Archbishop]] of [[Londrina]]. Agnelo was President of the Brazilian Bishops' Liturgical Commission. On September 16, 1991, he was appointed Secretary of the [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]]. Agnelo was named Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia on January 13, 1999.

==Cardinal==
{{Infobox cardinalstyles|
cardinal name=Geraldo Majella Agnelo|
dipstyle=His Eminence|
offstyle=Your Eminence|image=Coat Cardinal Agnello.svg|
See=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia|São Salvador da Bahia]]|
image=Coat of arms of Geraldo Majella Agnelo.svg|
image_size=200px}}

In May 1999 Agnelo was nominated Vice President of the General Conference of Latin American Bishops (CELAM). He was Elected president of the National Conference of Brazilian Bishops in May 2003, and was made [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''San Gregorio Magno alla Magliana Nuova'' (St. Gregory the Great at Magliana Nuova) by [[Pope John Paul II]] in the [[consistory]] of February 21, 2001.

Agnelo was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]], and was considered ''[[papabile]]'' himself at the time.

Agnelo resigned as Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia on January 12, 2011, and was succeeded by [[Murilo Sebastião Ramos Krieger]].

[[Roman Curia|Curial]] Membership:

*[[Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants]]
*[[Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church]]

==Views==

===2005 conclave===
On April 2005, he said that he was very happy at the selection of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as the new Pope of the Catholic Church.<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_1__article_1455.htm Je me suis incliné avec joie devant la volonté de Dieu]</ref>

===Catholic-Lutheran dialogue===
Agnelo has supported efforts to improve dialogue between Lutherans and Catholics.<ref>[http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardinalrating.com%2Fcardinal_1__article_354.htm&langpair=it%7Cen&hl=en&prev=%2Flanguage_tools Joint declaration with the Lutherans in Brazil]</ref>

===Abortion===
Cardinal Agnelo expressed concern with Brazilian politicians over a plan to legalize abortion in the country.<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_1__article_2433.htm Obispos de Brasil: Es contradictorio promover el aborto y los derechos humanos]</ref>

==External links==
* [http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=171 Cardinal Agnelo bio]

===References===
<references/>

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Lucas Moreira Neves]] |
title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia|Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia]]|
after=[[Murilo Sebastião Ramos Krieger]] |
years=13 January 1999–12 January 2011}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=89728841}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Agnelo, Geraldo Majella
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Brazilian Cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1933-10-19
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Agnelo, Geraldo Majella}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Brazilian cardinals]]
[[Category:Brazilian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Brazilian people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Archbishops of São Salvador da Bahia]]
[[Category:People from Minas Gerais]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]

[[cs:Geraldo Majella Agnelo]]
[[de:Geraldo Majella Agnelo]]
[[fr:Geraldo Majella Agnelo]]
[[it:Geraldo Majella Agnelo]]
[[la:Geraldus Majella Agnelo]]
[[nl:Geraldo Majella Agnelo]]
[[no:Geraldo Majella Agnelo]]
[[pl:Geraldo Majella Agnelo]]
[[pt:Geraldo Majella Agnelo]]
[[ru:Агнелу, Жералду Мажелла]]
[[sl:Geraldo Majella Agnelo]]
[[fi:Geraldo Majella Agnelo]]

User talk:190.29.71.51

2013-01-31T08:53:06Z

190.29.71.51:

Greetings,
You have updated the coat of arms of serveral clergymen in the past month from [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:SajoR User SajoR]. While I do not have concerns with you adding the coat of arms of [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:SajoR User SajoR] to Wikipedia pages which do not already display them, what are your reasons for changing pages that have a PNG of SVG version of the coat of arms? Thank you for addressing my questions. Jonathan Ng 吳家明 21:50, 30 January 2013 (UTC)

Hello!
I'm Sajor. Do you speak Spanish?

I am also interested in heraldry, has long had in mind to do the shields of living cardinals, but postponed that idea for a while because the tassels and galero in commons I did not like. Finally I decided to make the shields, I started from scratch, I made my own tassels, galero, tape and various processional crosses. I also made several types of croziers. I try to keep my shields are faithful to the original without being an exact copy. Use the colors set by the Heraldry and Vexillology Workshop of the Spanish Wikipedia. About your question, I had not really thought about doing the shields that were already made in SVG, but seeing that most of these shields have inaccuracies, I decided to make new versions. What are those inaccuracies? are the following:

# confusing colors. For example the red used in some shields, is gules or sanguine?
# Motto lowercase and italics. The motto is usually written in capital letters and type print. The Latin motto should not be written in lower case, much less in italics.
# misunderstood elements, for example confuse the different styles of crosses, or confuse the different styles of eagles.
# Furniture badly drawn, and disproportionate or misplaced pieces. For example a lion that does not resemble a lion, or a very exaggerated waveband.

If you want I can point out the inaccuracies of each shield. if you want we can continue this conversation in our discussions of commons. For this mesaje use google translator, sorry for the mistakes. [[commons:User:SajoR|SajoR]] --[[Special:Contributions/190.29.71.51|190.29.71.51]] ([[User talk:190.29.71.51#top|talk]]) 08:53, 31 January 2013 (UTC)

Józef Glemp

2013-01-30T22:57:38Z

190.29.71.51: Coat of arms SVG

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| name = Józef Glemp
| honorific-suffix =
| title = Cardinal-Archbishop Emeritus of Warsaw Cardinal-Primate Emeritus of Poland
| image = Kard. Józef Glemp.jpg
| imagesize = 160px
| alt = Cardinal Józef Glemp
| caption =
| church = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]
| archdiocese = [[Archbishop of Warsaw|Warsaw]]
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese = Warsaw
| see =
| enthroned =
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Stefan Wyszyński]]
| opposed =
| successor = [[Stanisław Wielgus]]
| ordination = 25 May 1956
| consecration = 21 April 1979
| cardinal = 2 February 1983
| rank =
| other_post =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Józef Glemp.svg
| motto = ''Caritati in iustitia'' (Love in justice)


| birth_name =
| birth_date = 18 December 1929
| birth_place = [[Inowrocław]], [[Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)|Poznań Voivodeship]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|1|23|1929|12|18|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Warsaw]], [[Masovian Voivodeship]], [[Poland]]
| buried =
| nationality = Polish
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| signature =


| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes =
| patronage =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date =


| other =
}}
'''Józef Glemp''' (18 December 1929{{spaced ndash}}23 January 2013) was a [[Polish people|Polish]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He was [[List of bishops and archbishops of Warsaw|Archbishop of Warsaw]] from 1981 to 2006, and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1983.

==Biography==

===Early life and ordination===
Józef Glemp was born in [[Inowrocław]] (Hohensalza) on 18 December 1929 as a son of Kazimierz Glemp and Salomea Kośmicka, and was [[Baptism|baptized]] the same day.<ref name="CA1">{{cite book|last=Brunson|first=Matthew|title=2009 Catholic Almanac|publisher=Our Sunday Visitor|date=15 October 2008|pages=283|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Nq9Dfmjgh-UC&pg=PA283&lpg=PA283&dq=glemp+1972+chaplain&source=bl&ots=sDQvL-w_L3&sig=wj3_fCYm2qy-XNM4a64fe67QVt8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZcUBUePXHIjL2QX0sIDwBA&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=glemp%201972%20chaplain&f=false}}</ref> His father had participated in the insurrection of [[Greater Poland]] from 1918 to 1919. Józef studied at the [[Seminary|seminaries]] of [[Gniezno]] and [[Poznań]], but his education was interrupted by the [[World War II]]; he and his siblings were [[Unfree labour|slave laborers]] during the [[History of Poland (1939–1945)|Nazi occupation of Poland]].<ref name="NYT1"/> Glemp was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 25 May 1956 by Bishop Franciszek Jedwabski. In a visit to Scotland, Cardinal Glemp claimed [http://archive.catholicherald.co.uk/article/22nd-february-1985/1/glemp-welcomed-in-scotland Scottish descent] on his mother's side.

===Canon law===
After two years of [[Parish (Catholic Church)|pastoral]] service in Poznań, Glemp was sent to Rome in 1958 to study [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|canon law]] at the [[Pontifical Lateran University]], earning his [[doctorate]] ''in utroque iure'' in 1964,<ref name="NYT1"/> with a thesis on: ''De evolutione conceptus fictionis iuris''. After his practicum he was given the title of Advocate of the Roman Rota. He attended a course in stylistic Latin at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] and also finished his studies in ecclesial administration.

===Chaplain===
In 1964, Glemp completed all of his studies in Rome and returned to Gniezno in Poland.<ref name="NYT1"/> He became chaplain of the Dominican and Franciscan Sisters and teacher of religion in the house for delinquent minors. He worked as Secretary of the Seminary of Gniezno and as notary for the Curia and the metropolitan tribunal and also as defender of the bond.

===Secretariat of the Primate===
In December 1967, he worked in the Secretariat of the Primate, and for 15 years was one of Cardinal [[Stefan Wyszyński]]'s close collaborators. As the personal chaplain of the Cardinal, he accompanied him on his journeys within Poland and to Rome. He exercised varied responsibilities in the Commissions of the Polish Episcopate and taught Canon Law at the Academy of the Catholic Theology in [[Warsaw]]. He participated in several congresses on this topic in Poland and abroad. In 1972 he was named a [[Chaplain of His Holiness]], and in March 1976 be became Canon of the Metropolitan Chapter at Gniezno.

===Bishop===
{{infobox cardinalstyles|
cardinal name=Józef Glemp|
dipstyle=His Eminence|
offstyle=Your Eminence|
See=Warsaw ([[emeritus]])|
image=Coat of arms of Józef Glemp.svg|
image_size=200px}}

On 4 March 1979, [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] named Glemp [[Bishop of Warmia]], in the northeast part of Poland and was consecrated on the feast of St. Adalberto, on 21 April, in Gniezno.<ref name="CA1"/>
After the death of Cardinal Wyszyński on 18 May 1981, he was named Archbishop of Gniezno on 7 July 1981, in union "pro hac vice, ad personam" with the [[Archdiocese of Warsaw]]. As Bishop of Gniezno he became also the Primate of Poland.<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/24/world/europe/cardinal-jozef-glemp-of-poland-is-dead-at-83.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all|title=Cardinal Jozef Glemp of Poland Is Dead at 83|last=McFadden|first=Robert|date=23 January 2013|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=24 January 2013}}</ref> (The title of Primate of Poland was conferred on the Archbishop of Gniezno by Pope [[Martin V]] in 1418 and confirmed by [[Leo X]] in 1515, every Primate of Poland to the time of his election, even if he is not a cardinal, has the right to wear the red "zucchetto" of a cardinal, a privilege already accorded in 1600 and confirmed by [[Benedict XIV]] in 1749.)

===Cardinal===
Glemp was created and proclaimed Cardinal-Priest by John Paul II in the Consistory of 2 February 1983.<ref name="NYT1"/> Titular ''[[Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere|Church of St. Mary in Trastevere]]''. On 25 March 1992, with the restructuring of the Church dioceses in Poland, John Paul II dissolved the union "ad personam" of Gniezno-Warsaw, naming as Metropolitan Archbishop of Gniezno Bishop [[Henryk Muszynski]]. The Holy Father decided that the title of Primate of Poland should remain linked to the historical heritage of S. Adalberto in the Archdiocese of Gniezno and confirmed that Cardinal Józef Glemp, Archbishop of Warsaw, who had custody of the relics of S. Adalberto, which were venerated in the Cathedral of Gniezno, should continue to bear the title of Primate of Poland. Later, Pope Benedict XVI stipulated that Cardinal Glemp, despite his retirement, would remain primate until 18 December 2009, his 80th birthday.<ref name="ABC1"/>

===Episcopal conference===
Cardinal Glemp acted as President of the Episcopal Conference of Poland for 23 years, from 1981 until March 2004.<ref name="ABC1">{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/polish-church-head-cardinal-glemp-dies-18296628?singlePage=true|title=Ex-Polish Church Head, Cardinal Glemp, Dies at 83|last=Scislowska|first=Monika|date=24 January 2013|publisher=ABC News|accessdate=24 January 2013}}</ref>

He was president delegate to the 1st Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops (1991).

Glemp was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]].

===Apostolic administrator===
On 7 January 2007, it was announced that Cardinal Glemp would be acting as the Apostolic Administrator of the Archdiocese of Warsaw due to the resignation of [[Stanisław Wielgus]].<ref>[http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/19534.php?index=19534&lang=en|COMUNICATO DELLA NUNZIATURA APOSTOLICA IN POLONIA] accessed 7 January 2007</ref> On 3 March 2007, [[Kazimierz Nycz]] was appointed to the Warsaw see.

=== Death ===
Glemp died from lung cancer on 23 January 2013 in Warsaw at the age of 83.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/01/23/cardinal-jozef-glemp-longtime-leader-poland-roman-catholic-church-dies-at-83/ Cardinal Jozef Glemp, longtime leader of Poland's Roman Catholic church, dies at 83]. Fox News</ref> Funeral celebrations lasted three days, from 26 to 28 January 2013, and took place in three major churches of Warsaw. On Saturday, 26 January, the cardinal's body was [[lying in state]] in the [[Visitationist Church]]. On Sunday, the coffin was be moved to the [[Holy Cross Church, Warsaw|Church of the Holy Cross]], where a was be celebrated by Archbishop [[Celestino Migliore]], the [[apostolic nuncio]] to Poland, with the sermon preached by Archbishop [[Józef Michalik]], the head of the [[Polish Conference of Bishops]]. After the mass, a funeral procession took the coffin to [[St. John's Archcathedral (Warsaw)|St. John's Cathedral]]. The Monday, January 28, 2013 Funeral Mass was attended by President [[Bronisław Komorowski]] and his wife Anna, former President [[Lech Walesa]], former Prime Minister [[Tadeusz Mazowiecki]], representatives from the judiciary, the Senate, and the Sejm, and other high-ranking officials from various institutions. Over a hundred prelates from Poland and abroad (among them, Prague's Cardinal [[Dominik Duka]], Budapest's Cardinal [[Peter Erdo]], Barcelona's Cardinal [[Lluis Martinez Sistach]], Cologne's Cardinal [[Joachim Meisner]], and Zagreb's Cardinal [[Josip Bozanić]]) concelebrated, with Cardinal [[Stanisław Dziwisz]], the Archbishop of [[Kraków]], presiding. The homily was given by the Archbishop of Gniezno, [[Józef Kowalczyk]], the incumbent Primate of Poland. Afterwards, the late primate was entombed in a crypt of the Cathedral.<ref>[http://www.polskatimes.pl/artykul/748285,pogrzeb-kard-jozefa-glempa-msza-zalobna-w-bazylice-sw-krzyza,id,t.html?cookie=1 Pogrzeb kard. Józefa Glempa: Msza żałobna w bazylice Św. Krzyża]. Polska The Times</ref><ref>http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114871,13307693,Dzis_ostatnie_pozegnanie_prymasa_Glempa__Msze_poprowadzi.html Dziś ostatnie pożegnanie prymasa Józefa Glempa]. Gazeta.pl</ref><ref>http://ekai.pl/wydarzenia/polska/x62897/uroczystosci-pogrzebowe-sp-kard-jozefa-glempa/ Uroczystości pogrzebowe śp. Kard. Józefa Glempa] Ekai.pl</ref>

At his Funeral Mass, Cardinal Nycz, who expressed his own gratitude to his deceased predecessor, read a testament from the will of the late Cardinal Primate, of which the following are parts,:

"I give my thanks to God for the grace of faith and the consequences flowing from it." ... "Despite the weakness and sinfulness, I had no breaks in the faith." ... "I am impressed by the zeal of many priests, whose dedication to Christ through Mary is quiet and without fanfare." ... (Regarding [[Czestochowa]]): "... Poland learned to love and understand the history of the gracious providence of God." ... "I am strongly sorry for all the Brothers and Sisters in Christ, for the distress caused by the lack of proper love. I could not always appreciate the efforts and dedication of many."

At the beginning of the Funeral Mass, the principal celebrant, Cardinal Dziwisz, said that,:

"Today the Church in Poland and all of our homeland pays tribute to the late Cardinal Joseph Glemp. In the difficult times of Communism, he became boldly and wisely on the side of the people, striving for freedom and complete independence from the totalitarian system. The Primate showed great composure and wisdom of life in the face of extreme political divisions, relieving internal tensions with great prudence, and in tough times of transformation he remained faithful to God and to the Church." Cardinal Dziwisz noted that Cardinal Glemp continued the tradition of the Cardinal Primate of the Millennium, [[Cardinal Wyszynski]], strengthening the faith and spirit of the nation, supported by [[Blessed Pope John Paul II]].<ref>http://www.archidiecezja.warszawa.pl/homepage/?a=6464</ref>

Polish President [[Bronislaw Komorowski]] praised the Cardinal for his later role in "building a free and democratic Poland" and said his own family had benefited from the cardinal's aid committee for imprisoned opposition members. "He was a good son of the homeland and profound patriot, able to act in the name not only of patriotic emotions, but also of a rational view of each situation, quietly evaluating the interests of state and nation," Komorowski said in a funeral oration.

Archbishop Kowalczyk noted the Primate had headed the Polish Church in "hard and uncertain" times. "His life was not easy and his service (was) demanding."<ref>http://www.catholicnews.com/data/briefs/cns/20130128.htm#head10</ref>

===Curial membership===

*Oriental Churches (congregation)<ref name="CA1"/>
*Culture (council)<ref name="CA1"/>
*[[Apostolic Signatura]] (tribunal)<ref name="CA1"/>

==Views==

===Radio Maryja===
Primate Jozef Glemp said in 2005 that the Catholic [[Radio Maryja]] was causing a rift in the Church.<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_36__article_2734.htm Poland's Primate lambasts Radio Maryja]</ref>

===Wielgus affair===
During the controversy surrounding the alleged collaboration of bishop [[Stanislaw Wielgus]] with the communist secret services, Cardinal Glemp said that the prelate was a true servant of God and that media accusations against him were unfounded or exaggerated.<ref>[http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardinalrating.com%2Fcardinal_36__article_5124.htm&langpair=es%7Cen&hl=en&prev=%2Flanguage_tools Archbishop Wielgus is a servant of God]</ref>

===Statements on Jews===
Glemp's controversial remarks about Jews have caused some Jewish leaders to call him an [[antisemite]],<ref name="nytimes.com">[New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/07/nyregion/glemp-pledges-better-interreligious-ties.html</ref> including Harvard law professor [[Alan Dershowitz]], for statements he has made, including that Jews were "plying [Polish] peasants with alcohol" and "spreading [[communism]]" and that they "control the mass-media in many countries." <ref>''Chutzpah'' Alan Dershowitz p. 151]</ref> According to Dershowitz, Glemp "was forced to apologize" as the result of Dershowitz's lawsuit against him.<ref>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467709340&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Jerusalem Post]</ref> [[Joanna B. Michlic|Professor Joanna B. Michlic]] makes reference to Glemp, among others, "utter[ing] many overt and covert references to Jews as the harmful other in Poland." <ref>''Poland's threatening other'', [[Joanna B. Michlic|Professor Joanna B. Michlic]] [[University of Nebraska Press]], 2006 p. 270</ref>

[[Adam Michnik]] and David Ost assert that:

<blockquote> By 1984, when Primate Glemp wrote and signed a new edition of Roman Dmowski’s 1927 pamphlet, ''Church, Nation, and State,'' one could no longer have any doubts regarding Glemp’s political sympathies: they lay with Dmowski’s ''Endecja'' political tendency, the major nationalist party in the interwar period known for its illiberal and authoritarian politics, support for a strong leader, advocacy of Catholicism as the state religion, and violent anti-Semitism.<ref>''The Church and the left'' [[Adam Michnik]], David Ost [[University of Chicago Press]], 1993 p. 20</ref> </blockquote>

[[Robert S. Wistrich|Historian Robert S. Wistrich]] also discusses Glemp's relationship to Dmowski and attitudes towards Jews.

<blockquote> [Glemp]... warned Jews not to 'talk to us from the position of a people raised above all'. The Cardinal, Poland's leading Churchman, seemed to be presenting anti-Semitism as a legitimate self-defence against Jewish 'anti-polonism'. Deploring the attacks of 'world Jewry' on the poor nuns at Auschwitz, he admonished Jewish leaders in terms that seemed to echo the words of the pre-war National Democracy (Endecja) movement leader Roman Dmowski (one of Glemp's heroes): 'Your power lies in the mass media that are easily at your disposal in many countries. Let them not serve to spread anti-Polish feeling'.<ref>''Terms of Survival'', [[Robert S. Wistrich]] [[Routledge]], 2004 p. 273</ref> </blockquote>

Glemp "said he recognized that his widely publicized homily might have caused pain among Jews, and he expressed regret." <ref name="nytimes.com"/>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat-inline}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box|title=[[Bishop of Warmia]]|before=[[Józef Drzazga]]|
after=[[Jan Władysław Obłąk]]|years=1979–1981}}

{{succession box|title=[[Archbishop of Gniezno]]|before=[[Stefan Wyszyński]]|after=[[Henryk Muszyński]]|years=1981–1992}}

{{succession box|title=[[Archbishop of Warsaw]]|before=[[Stefan Wyszyński]]|after=[[Stanisław Wielgus]]|years=1981–2006}}

{{succession box|title=[[Archbishop of Warsaw|Archbishop of Warsaw (apostolic administrator)]]|before=---|after=[[Kazimierz Nycz]]|years=7 January 2007 – 3 March 2007}}

{{succession box|title=[[Primate of Poland]]|before=[[Stefan Wyszyński]]|after=[[Henryk Muszyński]]|years=1981–2009}}

{{succession box|title=Great Prior [[Order of the Holy Sepulchre]] in Poland|before=--|
after=''vacant''|years=1996–2013}}

{{s-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=57424514}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Glemp, Jozef
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = 18 December 1929
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Inowrocław]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 23 January 2013
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Warszawa]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Glemp, Jozef}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Warsaw]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Gniezno]]
[[Category:Bishops of Warmia]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George]]
[[Category:Members of the Apostolic Signatura]]
[[Category:Order of the Holy Sepulchre]]
[[Category:People from Inowrocław]]
[[Category:Polish bishops]]
[[Category:Polish cardinals]]
[[Category:Polish Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Polish Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical Lateran University alumni]]

[[cs:Józef Glemp]]
[[da:Józef Glemp]]
[[de:Józef Glemp]]
[[es:Józef Glemp]]
[[fr:Józef Glemp]]
[[ko:유제프 글렘프]]
[[it:Józef Glemp]]
[[la:Iosephus Glemp]]
[[nl:Józef Glemp]]
[[no:Józef Glemp]]
[[pl:Józef Glemp]]
[[pt:Józef Glemp]]
[[ru:Глемп, Юзеф]]
[[sl:Józef Glemp]]
[[fi:Józef Glemp]]
[[sv:Józef Glemp]]
[[uk:Юзеф Глемп]]

Norberto Rivera Carrera

2013-01-29T21:45:19Z

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{{BLP sources|date=August 2011}}

[[File:Norberto Rivera Carrera.jpg|right|thumb|Norberto Rivera Carrera]]
{{infobox cardinal styles
| cardinal name = Norberto Rivera Carrera
| dipstyle = [[His Eminence]]
| offstyle = Your Eminence
| relstyle =
| deathstyle =
| See = Mexico
| image = Coat of arms of Norberto Rivera Carrera.svg
| image_size = 200px
}}
'''Norberto Rivera Carrera''' (born on June 6, 1942 in La Purísima, Durango) is a [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He is the current Archbishop of Mexico City and the current Primate [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico|Archbishop of Mexico]], and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1998.

==Early life and ministry==
Norberto Rivera Carrera was born in La Purísima, a small town outside [[Tepehuanes]], to Ramón Rivera Cháidez and Soledad Carrera; he has a sister who is a [[nun]]. His father [[Immigration to the United States|immigrated]] to and worked in the [[United States]] in order to support the family. Rivera entered the [[seminary]] of [[Durango, Durango|Durango]] in 1955. He later went to [[Rome]] to study at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], from where he obtained his [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology|licentiate in theology]]. He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by [[Pope Paul VI]] on July 3, 1966.

From 1967 to 1985, Rivera did [[Parish (Catholic Church)|pastoral]] work in Durango and [[Zacatecas]], as well as serving as a [[professor]] of [[dogmatic theology]] and the [[prefect]] of [[Church discipline|discipline]] at the Durango seminary. He also directed [[Social Communication]]s for the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Durango|Archdiocese of Durango]], was the [[Diocese|diocesan]] advisor to the [[Christian Family Movement]], and taught [[ecclesiology]] at the [[Pontifical University of Mexico]] from 1982 to 1985. While at the Pontifical University, he founded the Movement for the Days of Christian Life.

==Episcopal career and cardinalate==
On November 5, 1985, Rivera was appointed [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tehuacán|Bishop of Tehuacán]] by [[Pope John Paul II]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following December 21 from Archbishop Antonio López Aviña, with Archbishops [[Adolfo Suárez Rivera]] and Rosendo Huesca Pacheco serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. During his tenure, he headed the [[Mexican Episcopal Conference]]'s Commission for the Family (1989–1995) and the Family Section of the [[Latin American Episcopal Conference]] (1993–1995).

Rivera was later promoted to [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico|Archbishop of Mexico]] City, and thus de facto [[Primate (religion)|Primate]] Archbishop [[Roman Catholicism in Mexico|of Mexico]], on June 13, 1995. John Paul II created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Francesco a Ripa|S. Francesco d'Assisi a Ripa Grande]]'' in the [[consistory]] of February 21, 1998. During his tenure, [[Juan Diego]], to whom the iconic [[Our Lady of Guadalupe]] reportedly [[Marian apparition|appeared]], was [[Canonization|canonized]]. Rivera was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]], which elected [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. He was suggested as a possible choice as pope.<ref>[http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/update/conclave/top_candidates.htm#Carrera National Catholic Reporter: "Who Will Be the Next Pope?"] 2005</ref>

Within the Latin American Episcopal Conference, Rivera served as [[President]] of the Episcopal Committee of Culture from 2004 to 2006. He also holds membership in the [[Pontifical Council for the Family]], [[Congregation for the Clergy]], and [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]] in the [[Roman Curia]].

Rivera Carrera is seen as a strong advocate of social justice: his criticism of [[globalization]] and political [[corruption]] so annoyed Mexico's [[Carlos Salinas de Gortari|Salinas]] government that it threatened to adopt a law forbidding priests from commenting on politics.

Rivera Carrera is seen as a conservative on virtually all church matters: in 1990, as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tehuacán|Bishop of Tehuacán]], he closed a seminary that he charged was teaching "Marxist" theology; in 1996, he won a showdown by forcing the abbot of the basilica of [[Our Lady of Guadalupe]] to resign who had publicly questioned the historical truth of Mary's appearance to [[Juan Diego]].<ref>[http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/update/conclave/top_candidates.htm#Carrera National Catholic Reporter: "Who Will Be the Next Pope?"] 2005</ref> Seen as an affable, friendly man, Rivera is best known for his opposition to abortion and artificial birth control and for his insistence on strict church discipline<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1141/is_n35_v31/ai_17365700/ National Catholic Reporter: "Conservative bishop to head Mexico City see"] July 28, 1995</ref>

During the [[Supreme Court of Mexico]]'s debate on legalizing [[abortion]], [[His Eminence]], The Lord Cardinal Rivera Carrera (this is the formal and proper honorific title given to Cardinals in many Hispanic-speaking formerly Spanish countries, which emphasizes their status as Princes of the Church), Metropolitan Archbishop of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico City]] and as such, the Roman Catholic [[Primate of Mexico]], had this to say in a [[Catholic News Agency]] online article featured on Tuesday, September 27, 2011 article:

"Cardinal Norberto Rivera Carrera of Mexico City underscored that "abortion is never a solution" for anything.

The cardinal's comments came as the Supreme Court prepared to hold deliberations on a ruling proposed by Justice [[Fernando Franco]] that would overturn pro-life constitutional amendments enacted in numerous Mexican states and would effectively legalize abortion throughout the country.

The Church always reaches out to pregnant women who are being pressured at work, by family members or friends to remind each one of them of the great value of motherhood, the cardinal said on Sept. 25.

"We want to help women who are facing a difficult pregnancy to embrace the gift of motherhood, and the Church is set up to reach out to these women who are truly experiencing such difficulties," he said.

He also noted that at their meeting last month in [[Monterrey]], the Mexican bishops emphacized that the “taking of human life through the various abortifacient techniques must not be tolerated, and the taking of the life a human being, even in its initial phases, is not licit.”

Human life must never be considered “a commercial product,” the cardinal added. A “child is always a gift and never a right of anyone.”

“He has unique dignity that is personal and unrepeatable, and therefore the technological means for assisting in procreation must always respect this truth and avoid replacing the logic of love with the logic of reproduction as if the human being were the product of the market,” Cardinal Rivera said.<ref>http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/abortion-solves-nothing-mexican-cardinal-tells-court/</ref>

== Episcopal Succession ==

{{Episcopal_Succession
| date of consecration = December 21, 1985
| consecrated by = Antonio López Aviña
| bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1
| bishop 1 = José de Jesús Martínez Zepeda
| consecration date 1 = April 12, 1997
| bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2
| bishop 2 = Marcelino Hernández Rodríguez
| consecration date 2 = February 5, 1998
| bishopconsecrated3 = bishopconsecrated3
| bishop 3 = Felipe Tejeda García
| consecration date 3 = March 4, 2000
| bishopconsecrated4 = bishopconsecrated4
| bishop 4 = José Luis Fletes Santana
| consecration date 4 = March 4, 2000
| bishopconsecrated5 = bishopconsecrated5
| bishop 5 = Guillermo Rodrigo Teodoro Ortiz Mondragón
| consecration date 5 = March 4, 2000
| bishopconsecrated6 = bishopconsecrated6
| bishop 6 = Francisco Clavel Gil
| consecration date 6 = June 27, 2001
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rivera-carrera_n_en.html Holy See Press Office: Norberto Rivera Carrera]

{{S-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico|Archbishop of Mexico]]
| before = [[Ernesto Corripio Ahumada]]
| after = [[Incumbent]]
| years = 1995–present}}
{{s-rel}}
{{succession box
| title = Bishop of [[Tehuacan]]
| before = Rafael Ayala y Ayala
| after = Mario Espinosa Contreras
| years = 1985–1995}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=36601240}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Rivera Carrera, Norberto
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 6, 1942
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rivera Carrera, Norberto}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Mexico]]
[[Category:Mexican cardinals]]
[[Category:Mexican Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Mexican people of Basque descent]]
[[Category:People from Durango]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]

[[cs:Norberto Rivera Carrera]]
[[de:Norberto Rivera Carrera]]
[[es:Norberto Rivera Carrera]]
[[fr:Norberto Rivera Carrera]]
[[it:Norberto Rivera Carrera]]
[[la:Norbertus Rivera Carrera]]
[[nl:Norberto Rivera]]
[[no:Norberto Rivera Carrera]]
[[pl:Norberto Rivera Carrera]]
[[pt:Norberto Rivera Carrera]]
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[[sv:Norberto Rivera Carrera]]

Leonardo Sandri

2013-01-29T03:16:20Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Leonardo Sandri
| honorific-suffix =
| title =[[Congregation for the Oriental Churches|Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
| image = Leonardo Sandri.jpg
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Leonardo Sandri.svg
| caption =
| province =
| diocese =
| see =
| enthroned = 9 June 2007
| ended =
| predecessor = [[Ignatius I Daoud|Ignatius Daoud]]
| successor = ''incumbent''
| ordination = 2 December 1967
| consecration = 11 October 1997
| cardinal = 24 November 2007
| rank = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[San Carlo ai Catinari|S. Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari]]''
| other_post =[[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela]] (1997–2000) [[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico]] (2000) [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Substitute for General Affairs]] (2000–2007)
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1943|11|18}}
| birth_place = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
}}
'''Leonardo Sandri''' (born 18 November 1943) is an Argentinean [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He is the current [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches|Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]] in the [[Roman Curia]], having previously served as [[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela]] (1997–2000), [[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico]] (2000) and [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Substitute for General Affairs]] (2000–2007). He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 2007.

==Biography==

===Early life and ordination===
Sandri was born in [[Buenos Aires]] to Antonio Enrico Sandri and Nella Righi, who had emigrated to [[Argentina]] from [[Ala, Trentino|Ala]], a village in [[Trentino]] in [[Italy]].<ref name=vatican>{{cite news|work=[[Holy See]]|title=SANDRI Card. Leonardo|url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sandri_l_it.html}}</ref> He studied [[humanities]], [[philosophy]] and [[theology]] at the [[Seminary|Metropolitan Seminary]] of Buenos Aires, and earned a [[Licentiate in Theology]] from the [[Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina]]. On 2 December 1967, he was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Archbishop [[Juan Carlos Aramburu]].<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Leonardo Cardinal Sandri|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bsandri.html}}</ref>

===Pastoral work===
He then served as [[Curate|parochial vicar]] of ''Nuestra Señora del Carmen'' in [[Villa Urquiza]] and [[Personal assistant|secretary]] to Archbishop Aramburu until 1970, when he was sent to further his studies in [[Rome]]. He there attended the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], from where he obtained a [[Doctor of Canon Law|doctorate in canon law]], and the [[South American College in Rome|Pontifical Latin American College]].<ref name=miranda>{{cite news|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|title=SANDRI, Leonardo|url=http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios2007.htm#Sandri}}</ref> In 1971, he entered the [[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]], which trains [[Nuncio|papal diplomats]].<ref name=vatican/>

===Diplomatic work===
In 1974, Sandri became an official of the [[Apostolic Nunciature]] in [[Madagascar]] and [[Mauritius]], which also serves as the [[Nuncio|Apostolic Delegation]] in the islands of [[Comoros]] and [[Réunion]] in the [[Indian Ocean]].<ref name=vatican/>

He then served in the [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Vatican Secretariat of State]], as secretary of the [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Substitute for General Affairs]], from 1977 to 1989; and in the [[Nunciature of the Holy See in Washington, D.C.|Apostolic Nunciature in the United States]], as [[Observer status|permanent observer]] of the [[Holy See]] before the [[Organization of American States]], from 1989 to 1991.

He became regent of the [[Prefecture of the Pontifical Household]] on 22 August 1991, and assessor of the Section for General Affairs in the Secretariat of State on 2 April 1992.<ref name=miranda/> On 22 July 1997, Sandri was appointed [[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela]] and [[Titular bishop|Titular Archbishop]] of ''[[Aemona (Titular See)|Aemona]]'' by [[Pope John Paul II]].

===Bishop===
He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 11 October from Cardinal [[Angelo Sodano]], with Cardinal Aramburu and Archbishop [[Giovanni Battista Re]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], at [[St. Peter's Basilica]].<ref name=hierarchy/> He selected as his episcopal [[motto]]: ''"Ille Fidelis"'', meaning, "He (Christ) remains faithful" ({{bibleverse|2|Timothy|2:13}}). After two years in [[Venezuela]], he briefly served as [[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico]] from 1 March to 16 September 2000, when he was named Substitute for General Affairs.<ref name=hierarchy/>

===Secretariat of State===
[[File:Coat of arms of Leonardo Sandri.svg|thumb|left|180px|Coat of arms of Cardinal Sandri]]

As Substitute, Sandri held the third most important position within the [[Holy See|Vatican]] (after the [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] and the [[Pope]] himself), serving essentially as the [[chief of staff]] of the Secretariat of State.<ref name=uca>{{cite news|date=11 June 2007|work=UCA News|title=Key Vatican appointment signals that Benedict’s chosen team fully in place|url=http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=24348|last=O'Connell|first=Gerard}}</ref>

During the time of John Paul II's declining health, he would read the texts that the Pope could not personally deliver; he later announced the Pope's death to the world from [[Saint Peter's Square|St. Peter's Square]] on the evening of 2 April 2005, saying, "Our Holy Father John Paul has returned to the house of the Father...We all feel like orphans this evening."<ref name=bbc>{{cite news|date=3 April 2005|work=[[BBC]]|title=Pope John Paul II dies in Vatican|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4399715.stm}}</ref><ref name=fox>{{cite news|date=3 April 2005|work=[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]]|title=World Mourns Passing of Pope John Paul II|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,152272,00.html}}</ref>

In April 2005 Archbishop Sandri was awarded Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]].<ref>[http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=161542]</ref>

===Congregation for the Oriental Churches===
On 9 June 2007, Sandri was appointed [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref name=prefect>{{cite news|date=9 June 2007|work=[[Holy See]]|title=RINUNCIA DEL PREFETTO DELLA CONGREGAZIONE PER LE CHIESE ORIENTALI E NOMINA DEL SUCCESSORE|url=http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/20370.php?index=20370&lang=it#RINUNCIA%20DEL%20PREFETTO%20DELLA%20CONGREGAZIONE%20PER%20LE%20CHIESE%20ORIENTALI%20E%20NOMINA%20DEL%20SUCCESSORE}}</ref> Succeeding [[Ignatius I Daoud]], he heads the [[Congregation (Roman Curia)|curial congregation]] that handles matters regarding the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] and is the ''ex officio'' [[Chancellor (education)|Grand Chancellor]] of the [[Pontifical Oriental Institute]].

Sandri, who visited the [[Holy Land]] in February 2008,<ref name=visit>{{cite news|date=27 February 2008|work=[[Catholic World News]]|title=Vatican Prelate Visiting Eastern Catholics in Holy Land|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=56889}}</ref> has lamented the emigration of Christians from that region, saying, "This [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|lack of peace]] makes Christians emigrate and leave their land behind. So we're left with a purely geological, physical presence of [[Jesus]], and not with the presence of those that grew with him and lived his faith, and that continue to follow him today like disciples of his very homeland."<ref name=exodus>{{cite news|date=8 April 2009|work=Rome Reports|title=Vatican asks for help in stopping exodus of Christians from Holy Land|url=http://www.romereports.com/palio/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=480&newlang=english}}</ref> Some have attributed the delay in the [[Beatification and Canonisation of Pope John Paul II|canonization process]] for John Paul II to Sandri's apparent reluctance to testify in the effort.<ref name=ncr>{{cite news|date=3 June 2009|work=[[National Catholic Reporter]]|title=What's behind delay in JPII canonization?|url=http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/whats-behind-delay-jpii-canonization|last=Roberts|first=Tom}}</ref>

===Cardinal===
{{Infobox cardinal styles|
cardinal name=Leonardo Sandri|
dipstyle=His Eminence|
offstyle=Your Eminence|
image=Brasão Card. Sandri.jpg|
See=|}}
Benedict XVI created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[San Carlo ai Catinari|S. Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari]]'' in the [[consistory]] of 24 November 2007.<ref name=miranda/> He delivered the message of thanksgiving to the Pope on behalf of the new cardinals.<ref name=address>{{cite news|date=24 November 2007|work=[[Holy See]]|title=INDIRIZZO DI OMAGGIO DEL CARD. LEONARDO SANDRI|url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2007/documents/ns_lit_doc_20071124_saluto-sandri.html}}</ref>

In addition to his duties as Cardinal Prefect, Cardinal Sandri is a member of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]], [[Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity]], [[Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue]], [[Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts]], [[Pontifical Commission for Latin America]] and [[Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]].<ref name=vatican/> On 2 March 2010 he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Bishops]], and gets to assist in the appointment of Latin Rite bishops in non-missionary dioceses.<ref>[http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/25192.php?index=25192&lang=en Press Office of the Holy See]</ref> On 31 May 2011 he was appointed a member of the [[Apostolic Signatura]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/27575.php?index=27575&lang=en NOMINA DI MEMBRI DEL SUPREMO TRIBUNALE DELLA SEGNATURA APOSTOLICA]</ref> He is eligible to participate in a [[papal conclave]] until he reaches the age of 80 on 18 November 2023.

Cardinal Sandri, in his role as Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, was named by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] be one of two co-presidents of the special Synod of Bishops for the Middle East, to be held at the Vatican in October 2010.

He speaks [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]].<ref name=miranda/> On 12 June 2012 Cardinal Sandri was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].<ref>[http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29334.php?index=29334&lang=en]</ref>

==Views==

===Jewish-Christian relations===
Cardinal Sandri was present at Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the [[Yad Vashem]] memorial and commented that his speech was a source of joy for both Christians and Jews.<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_219__article_8843.htm ZENIT article]</ref>

===Iraqi Christians===
Sandri has said that although the regime of Saddam Hussein was dictatorial, it is undeniable that Iraqi clergy and laity felt more secure under his regime and that their liturgical life went on undisturbed.<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_219__article_7237.htm ESM]</ref>

===Religious illiteracy===
Cardinal Sandri has praised the work of [[L'Osservatore Romano]] and the [[Vatican Publishing House]] for their work in combatting religious, biblical and ecclesial illiteracy.<ref>[http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_219__article_8868.htm ZENIT]</ref>

==Notes==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_bio.asp?ref=257 Catholic-pages]

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=Oriano Quilici}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunico to Venezuela]]|years=22 July 1997,– 1 March 2000}}
{{s-aft|after=André Pierre Louis Dupuy}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=Justo Mullor García}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico]]|years=1 March 2000,– 16 September 2000}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Giuseppe Bertello]]}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Giovanni Battista Re]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Secretariat of State (Vatican)|Substitute for General Affairs]]|years=16 September 2000,– 1 July 2007}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Fernando Filoni]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ignatius I Daoud|Ignatius Daoud]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Congregation for the Oriental Churches|Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]|years=1 July 2007–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=165727275}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Sandri, Leonardo
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic bishop
| DATE OF BIRTH = 18 November 1943
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandri, Leonardo}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Argentine Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic titular archbishops]]
[[Category:Diplomats of the Holy See]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Mexico]]
[[Category:Argentine cardinals]]
[[Category:Argentine Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:People from Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]]
[[Category:Members of the Apostolic Signatura]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Argentine people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Venezuela]]

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[[ko:레오나르도 산드리]]
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[[ru:Сандри, Леонардо]]
[[uk:Леонардо Сандрі]]