Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Skytrax

2022-04-22T06:47:20Z

202.255.28.252: /* The World's 5-Star Airlines */

{{short description|UK-based consultancy, running an airline and airport review and ranking site}}
{{pp-pc1}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
[[File:Skytrak logo.png|right|thumb|200px|Former Skytrax logo]]

'''Skytrax''' (originally known as '''Inflight Research Services''') is a [[United Kingdom]]-based consultancy which runs an [[airline]] and [[airport]] review and ranking site.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/airlinequality.com|title=AirlineQuality.com WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info - DomainTools|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref> In 2012, the online investigations company KwikChex filed five complaints with the UK Advertising Standards Authority. The authority upheld all five complaints and Skytrax agreed to modify some promotional wording.<ref name="asa">{{cite web|url=http://www.asa.org.uk/Rulings/Adjudications/2012/11/Skytrax-Research/SHP_ADJ_196416.aspx|title=ASA Ruling on Skytrax Research|work=asa.org.uk}}</ref><ref name="SmartCompany">{{cite web|url=https://www.smartcompany.com.au/finance/economy/advertising-standards-authority-calls-out-tripadvisor-and-skytrax-for-fake-user-reviews/|title=Advertising Standards Authority calls out Tripadvisor and Skytrax for fake user reviews|author=Engel Schmidl|date=13 November 2012|work=SmartCompany.com.au|access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> Questions have also been raised about Skytrax's objectivity and methodology.

==Services==
Skytrax conducts research for commercial airlines, as well as taking [[Statistical survey|survey]]s from international travelers to rate [[cabin crew|cabin staff]], airports, airlines, airline lounges, [[in-flight entertainment]], on-board [[catering]], and several other elements of air travel.<ref>{{cite book | author = Mario Kossmann | title = Delivering Excellent Service Quality in Aviation | publisher = Ashgate Publishing | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-7546-4725-0 | pages = 67–71}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://airtravel.about.com/b/a/175032.htm |title=Skytrax rates the world's best}}</ref> Apart from these evaluations, Skytrax has an airline forum where passengers give potential passengers insights and opinions about an airline. The website also hosts flight reviews, flight checks, and satisfaction surveys. Skytrax holds an annual World Airline Awards<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/ World Airline Awards]</ref> and World Airport Awards,<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/ World Airport Awards]</ref> as well as the ranking for airlines and airports.

==Doubts about objectivity==
Skytrax claims on its website that it has no economic ties to the airlines and airports that are presented with Skytrax awards, which it says are based on votes by passengers. In fact any person may vote, one vote per IP address.<ref>[http://www.worldairlinesurvey.com/main/about-the-survey.html Survey information, Skytrax website]</ref> Skytrax provides remunerated consulting services to airlines and airports, and there are doubts as to whether this arrangement allows Skytrax to be objective in the awards that it issues, to wit:

In 2011, Skytrax's award of a 5-star rating to [[Hainan Airlines]] subsequent to a consulting project that it completed for the airline raised doubts about the objectivity of the award.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://simpliflying.com/2011/why-skytrax-is-dead-plus-7-insights-into-the-future-of-airline-brand-ratings/|title=Why Skytrax is dead [Plus: 7 insights into the future of airline brand ratings]|date=28 January 2011}}</ref>

In 2012, the online investigations company [[KwikChex]] filed five complaints with the UK [[Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)|Advertising Standards Authority]] related to statements on the Skytrax web site describing the volume and reliability of their reviews as well as the official status and update frequency of their ratings. The ASA ruled that there was no evidence that Skytrax had followed the robust procedures it claimed it had in place to check all reviews were genuine. Although Skytrax argued that every review underwent a four-stage authentication process, it said it was unable to provide proof it had followed its own procedures as customer emails were deleted 24 hours after a review was submitted.<ref>{{cite news |title=Skytrax airline quality claims under scrutiny |url=https://www.travelmole.com/news_feature.php?c=setreg&region=4&m_id=_rvnvns~&w_id=8418&news_id=2003855 |access-date=3 July 2019 |publisher=Travelmole |date=November 8, 2012}}</ref> The authority upheld all five complaints and Skytrax agreed to modify some promotional wording.<ref name="asa"/><ref name="SmartCompany"/>

In 2014, [[Etihad]] stopped participating in Skytrax ratings.<ref>[https://www.ausbt.com.au/etihad-airways-withdraws-from-skytrax Chris Chamberlin, "Etihad Airways withdraws from Skytrax", ''Australian Business Traveler'', June 8, 2014]</ref>

In 2015, news company [[Skift]] concluded that Skytrax had "wildly inflated" the number of persons participating in its annual survey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paddleyourownkanoo.com/2018/02/16/inside-strange-world-skytrax-aviation-rating-organization-probably-shouldnt-trust/#.XR0NlS2ZPUI|title = Inside the Strange World of Skytrax: The Aviation Rating Organization You Maybe Shouldn't Trust|date = 16 February 2018}}</ref> Skift reported:<ref>[https://skift.com/2015/03/13/understanding-the-players-during-airline-and-airport-awards-season/ "Understanding the players during airline and airport awards season", ''Skift'', March 2015]</ref>
<blockquote>The principal partner appears to be Skytrax’s founder Edward Plaisted, whose background in aviation, or outside of aviation, is unknown. Skift has tried on more than one occasion to get insights from the Skytrax on its methodology, metrics, and business organization with no success. Questions answered by its press representative were later claimed to be off the record, and statements given for previous stories were asked to be retracted.</blockquote>

Skytrax's 2019 downgrading of [[Turkish Airlines]] to a three-star carrier, subsequent to its 2018 pulling out of Skytrax, elicited much criticism and accusations of dishonesty in the awards and doubts as to whether Skytrax actually uses the methodology that it states that it uses.<ref>[https://onemileatatime.com/turkish-airlines-skytrax-3-star/"Outrageous: Turkish Airlines Downgraded To Skytrax 3-Star Airline", ''One Mile at a Time'', May 11, 2019]</ref> Similar criticism arose when Skytrax awarded [[Lufthansa]] an award for a future cabin interior in 2019, subsequent to a consulting project that it had completed for the airline.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onemileatatime.com/turkish-airlines-skytrax/|title=Turkish Airlines Pulls Out of Skytrax|date=9 June 2018}}</ref>

==Awards==
Skytrax presents awards annually to airports and airlines that it considers noteworthy in their performance.

===Airline of the year===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Year||1st||2nd||3rd
|-
|2001<ref name="worldairlineawards.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/main/history.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-07-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531074703/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/main/history.htm |archive-date=31 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]|| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore Airlines]]|| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Cathay Pacific]]
|-
|2002<ref name="worldairlineawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2003<ref>{{cite web|title=Cathay named Airline of the Year|url=http://www.travelweeklyweb.com/cathay-named-airline-of-the-year/2831|publisher=Contineo Media|access-date=3 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130205004235/http://www.travelweeklyweb.com/cathay-named-airline-of-the-year/2831|archive-date=5 February 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific<ref name=twe/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2004<ref name=twe>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/04/16/1082055633699.html|title=The winning edge|date=17 April 2004|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|-
|2005<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.airlinequality.com/2005/airline-05-ent.htm |title=Airline of the Year 2005 |access-date=23 April 2007 |archive-date=13 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613061609/http://www.airlinequality.com/2005/airline-05-ent.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Qantas]]|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates
|-
|2006<ref name="worldairlineawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Airways]]|| {{flagicon|AUS}} Qantas || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|-
|2007<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2007/AirlineYear-2007.htm Airline of the Year 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070724182952/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2007/AirlineYear-2007.htm |date=24 July 2007 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|THA}} [[Thai Airways]] || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|-
|2008<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2008/AirlineYear-2008.htm Airline of the Year 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811042148/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2008/AirlineYear-2008.htm |date=11 August 2008 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific || {{flagicon|AUS}} Qantas
|-
|2009<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2009/AirlineYear-2009.htm Airline of the Year 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609143132/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2009/AirlineYear-2009.htm |date=9 June 2009 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Asiana Airlines]]
|-
|2010<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards-2010/Airline2010.htm Airline of the Year 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005151/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards-2010/Airline2010.htm |date=4 June 2011 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|QAT}} [[Qatar Airways]]
|-
|2011<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2011/Airline2011.htm Airline of the Year 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626024628/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2011/Airline2011.htm |date=26 June 2011 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines
|-
|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar Airways is a repeat winner of World's Best Airline Award at Farnborough Air Show|url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2012/Airline2012.htm|publisher=Skytrax|access-date=3 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211085935/http://worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2012/Airline2012.htm|archive-date=11 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> || {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2013<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.airlinequality.com/news/awards2013.htm | title=Top 10 airlines | access-date=4 January 2014}}</ref> || {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates || {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2014<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2014/Airline2014.htm Airline of the Year 2014] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103522/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2014/Airline2014.htm |date=24 June 2015 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific || {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2015<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline.html | title=World's Best Airlines | access-date=16 June 2015}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|-
|2016<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline.html | title=World's Best Airlines | access-date=12 July 2016}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates || {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2017<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline.html | title=World's Best Airlines | access-date=20 June 2017}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[All Nippon Airways]]
|-
|2018<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline.html |title= World's Best Airlines | access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
|2019<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-top-10-airlines-2019/ |title= World's Best Airlines | access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
|2021<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-top-10-airlines-2021/ |title= World's Best Airlines | access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|}

===Airport of the year===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Year||1st||2nd||3rd
|-
|1999|| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol]]<ref name=paw>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/main/winner_history.htm Previous Winners : Airport Of The Year] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907102943/http://www.worldairportawards.com/main/winner_history.htm |date=7 September 2008 }}</ref>|| None || None
|-
|2000|| {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Singapore Changi Airport]]<ref name=paw/>|| None || None
|-
|2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.people.com.cn/english/200104/23/eng20010423_68327.html|title=Survey Lists HK Int'l Airport As World's Best Airport 2001|work=people.com.cn}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong International Airport]]|| {{flagicon|MYS}} [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]]|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport
|-
|2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiatraveltips.com/travelnews2002/6May2002Sydney.shtml|title=Sydney Airport wins another top ranking in world airport survey - Latest Travel News - ASIA Travel Tips.com|author=smh|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Sydney Kingsford Smith International Airport]]
|-
|2003<ref>{{cite press release|title=Hong Kong honoured as the world's Best Airport for the third straight year|url=http://www.hongkongairport.com/eng/media/press-releases/ex_425.html|publisher=Airport Authority Hong Kong.|access-date=3 December 2012}}</ref> || {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport<ref name=paw/>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Dubai International Airport]]
|-
|2004<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hktrader.net/200405/trade/product-bestairport200405.htm |title=HKIA wins top accolades |access-date=18 July 2008 |archive-date=14 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114010906/http://www.hktrader.net/200405/trade/product-bestairport200405.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|NLD}} Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
|-
|2005<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.airlinequality.com/2005/airport-05-ent.htm |title=Airport of the Year 2005 |access-date=23 April 2007 |archive-date=28 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062126/http://www.airlinequality.com/2005/airport-05-ent.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Incheon International Airport]]
|-
|2006<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards-2006/AirportYear-2006.htm Airport of the Year 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231160516/http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards-2006/AirportYear-2006.htm |date=31 December 2006 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport<ref name=paw/>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Munich Airport]]
|-
|2007<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2007/Airport2007.htm Airport of the Year 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829144235/http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2007/Airport2007.htm |date=29 August 2009 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport
|-
|2008<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2008/Airport2008.htm Airport of the Year 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212081658/http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2008/Airport2008.htm |date=12 February 2010 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport
|-
||2009<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2009/Airport2009.htm Airport of the Year 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805183929/http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2009/Airport2009.htm |date=5 August 2013 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport
|-
||2010<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/main/Press-APT2010.htm Airport of the Year 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129173104/http://www.worldairportawards.com/main/Press-APT2010.htm |date=29 November 2010 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport
|-
|2011<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2011/Airport2011.htm Airport of the Year 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730200254/http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2011/Airport2011.htm |date=30 July 2013 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport
|-
|2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards/world_airport_rating_2012.html|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2012}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport ||{{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport
|-
|2013<ref name="Airport of the Year 2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards/world_airport_rating_2013.html|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2013}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|NED}} Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
|-
|2014<ref name="Airport of the Year 2014">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards/world_airport_rating_2014.html|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2014}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|DEU}} Munich Airport
|-
|2015<ref name="Airport of the Year 2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards/world_airport_rating_2015.html|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2015}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|DEU}} Munich Airport
|-
|2016<ref name="Airport of the Year 2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/the-worlds-top-100-airports-2016/|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2016}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|DEU}} Munich Airport
|-
|2017<ref name="Airport of the Year 2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/the-worlds-top-100-airports-2017/|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2017}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport]] || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport
|-
|2018<ref name="Airport of the Year 2018">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-100-airports-2018/|title=World's Top 100 Airports 2018}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|JPN}} Tokyo International Airport
|-
|2019<ref name="Airport of the Year 2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-10-airports-2019/|title = The World's Top 10 Airports of 2021}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|JPN}} Tokyo International Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport
|-
|2020<ref name="Airport of the Year 2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-100-airports-2020/|title=The World's Top 100 Airports of 2020}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|JPN}} Tokyo International Airport || {{flagicon|QAT}} [[Hamad International Airport]]
|-
|2021<ref>{{cite web |title=The World's Top 10 Airports of 2021 |url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/the-worlds-top-10-airports-of-2021/ |website=SKYTRAX |language=en}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Hamad International Airport || {{flagicon|JPN}} Tokyo International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport
|}

==Airline rankings==
===The World's 5-star Airlines===
Skytrax currently certifies only its top-10-rated airlines with 5 stars.

'''Sources:'''<ref>{{cite web |title=The World's 5-Star Airlines |url=https://skytraxratings.com/the-worlds-5-star-airlines |website=Skytrax}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/opinion/news/article.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=10370050|title = Jim Eagles: Asian airlines flying high}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kaur |first=Karamjit |date= January 9, 2004 |title= Changi named world's best airport; It wins 18 top awards from industry organisations, magazines; SIA shares top honours as best airline |location= The Straits Times (Singapore) }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Williams|first=Geoffrey |date= March 23, 2002 |title= Airline of the Year; No. 1 in the skies
|location= The Advertiser }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/frequent-fliers-rate-the-airlines/article761851/|title = Frequent fliers rate the airlines}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171110061623/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-133226704.html HighBeam]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airlines Archive - Page 1|url=https://skytraxratings.com/airlines|access-date=2020-12-10|website=Skytrax|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=Korean Air achieves the prestigious 5-Star Airline recognition|url=https://skytraxratings.com/korean-air-achieves-the-prestigious-5-star-airline-recognition|access-date=2020-12-10|website=Skytrax|language=en-GB}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Airline !! Alliance !! Period
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[All Nippon Airways]]
| [[Star Alliance]]
| 2013–present
|-
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Asiana Airlines]]
| Star Alliance
| 2007–present
|-
| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Cathay Pacific]]
| [[Oneworld]]
| 2001–2002, 2004, 2006–present
|-
| {{flagicon|TWN}} [[EVA Air]]
| Star Alliance
| 2016–present
|-
| {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Garuda Indonesia]]
| [[SkyTeam]]
| 2014–present
|-
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hainan Airlines]]
| ''none''
| 2010–present
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Japan Airlines]]
| Oneworld
| 2018–present
|-
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Korean Air]]
|[[SkyTeam]]
|2020–present
|-
| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Lufthansa]]
| Star Alliance
| 2017–present
|-
| {{flagicon|QAT}} [[Qatar Airways]]
| Oneworld
| 2006–present
|-
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore Airlines]]
| Star Alliance
| 2001–2002, 2004, 2006–present
|}

==== Former 5-star Airlines ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Airline
!Alliance
!Period
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ansett Australia]]
|Star Alliance
|2001–2002
|-
|{{flagicon|UK}} [[British Airways]]
|Oneworld
|2001
|-
|{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]
|''none''
|2001
|-
|{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Etihad Airways]]
|''none''
|2016–2019
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher Airlines]]
|''none''
|2008–2010
|-
|{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Malaysia Airlines]]
|Oneworld
|2001, 2005–2013
|}

===Airline with the Best Airport Services===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd
|-
| 2013<ref name="worldairportawards.com">{{cite web| url = http://www.worldairportawards.com/| title = World Airport Awards {{!}} SKYTRAX}} </ref>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines || {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Korean Air]]
|-
| 2014<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thai Airways]]
|-
| 2015<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|IDN}} Garuda Indonesia
|-
| 2016<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|THA}} Thai Airways
|-
| 2017<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|THA}} Thai Airways
|-
| 2018<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air || {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways ||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|}

===Best Inflight Entertainment===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd
|-
| 2013<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|-
| 2014<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkish Airlines]]
|-
| 2015<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
| 2016<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways
|-
| 2017<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
| 2018<ref name ="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways
|-
| 2019<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|}

===Best Aircraft Cabin Cleanliness===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd
|-
| 2013<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines || {{flagicon|KOR}} Korean Air
|-
| 2014<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines || {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
| 2015<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
| 2016<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific ||{{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air || {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
| 2017<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|JPN}} Japan Airlines
|-
| 2018<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways ||{{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air || {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines
|-
| 2019<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|JPN}} Japan Airlines ||{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
| 2020<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines ||{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
|}

===World's Best Regional Airlines (Short haul flight)===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd
|-
| 2013<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Cathay Dragon]] (formerly Dragonair) ||{{flagicon|GRC}} [[Aegean Airlines]] || {{flagicon|THA}} [[Bangkok Airways]]
|-
| 2014<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>||{{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways ||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair) ||{{flagicon|GRC}} Aegean Airlines
|-
| 2015<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair) || {{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways ||{{flagicon|GRC}} Aegean Airlines
|-
| 2016<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>||{{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair) ||{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong Airlines]]
|-
| 2017<ref name="worldairlineawards.com"/>||{{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways||{{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong Airlines||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair)
|-
| 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-best-regional-airlines-2018/ |website=worldairlineawards.com |title=World's Best Regional Airlines 2018 |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref>||{{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair)||{{flagicon|US}} [[Alaska Airlines]]
|-
| 2019<ref
name="worldairlineawards.com"/>||{{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair)||{{flagicon|US}} [[jetBlue Airways]]
|}

===World's Best Airline Alliance===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd
|-
| 2013<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| [[Oneworld]] || [[Star Alliance]] || [[SkyTeam]]
|-
| 2014<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| Oneworld || Star Alliance || SkyTeam
|-
| 2015<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| Oneworld || Star Alliance || SkyTeam
|-
| 2016<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| Star Alliance || Oneworld || SkyTeam
|-
|2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline_alliance.html|title=The World's Best Airline Alliance in 2017|website=www.worldairlineawards.com|language=en}}</ref>
|Star Alliance
|Oneworld
|SkyTeam
|-
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline_alliance.html|title=The World's Best Airline Alliance in 2018|website=www.worldairlineawards.com|language=en}}</ref>
|Star Alliance
|Oneworld
|SkyTeam
|-
|2019<ref>{{cite web |title=World's Best Airline Alliance 2019 |url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-best-airline-alliance-2019/ |website=SKYTRAX |language=en}}</ref>
|Star Alliance
|Oneworld
|SkyTeam
|-
|2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=The World's Best Airline Alliance 2021|url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-best-airline-alliance-2021/|access-date=2021-11-11|website=SKYTRAX|language=en}}</ref>
| colspan="3" |''cancelled due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]]''
|-
|2021<ref>{{cite web |title=World's Best Airline Alliance 2021 |url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-best-airline-alliance-2021/ |website=SKYTRAX |language=en}}</ref>
|Oneworld
|Star Alliance
|SkyTeam
|}

==Airport rankings==
===The World's 5-Star Airports===
Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://skytraxratings.com/airports?stars=5|title=5-Star Airports|website=skytraxratings.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Airport
|-
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore Changi Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Chubu Centrair International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Haikou Meilan International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|QAT}} [[Hamad International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Haneda International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|AZE}} [[Heydar Aliyev International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Istanbul Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Munich Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Platov International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|ECU}} [[Quito International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|OMA}} [[Salalah Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Seoul Incheon International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[William P. Hobby Airport]]
|}

===World's Best Airports===

{| class="wikitable"
!Rank (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-100-airports-2020/|title=World's Top 100 Airports 2020}}</ref>
!Airport
! Rank (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-100-airports-2019/|title=World's Top 100 Airports 2019}}</ref>
! Rank (2018)
|-
|1
|{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore Changi Airport]]
|1
|1
|-
|2
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Haneda International Airport]]
|2
|3
|-
|3
|{{Flagicon|Qatar}} [[Hamad International Airport]]
|4
|5
|-
|4
|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon International Airport]]
|3
|2
|-
|5
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Munich Airport]]
|7
|6
|-
|6
|{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong International Airport]]
|5
|4
|-
|7
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Narita International Airport]]
|9
|11
|-
|8
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Chubu Centrair International Airport]]
|6
|7
|-
|9
|{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Amsterdam Schiphol Airport]]
|14
|12
|-
|10
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Kansai International Airport]]
|11
|13
|}

===World's Cleanest Airports===

{| class="wikitable"
!Rank (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-cleanest-airports-2020/|title=World's Cleanest Airports 2020}}</ref>
!Airport
! Rank (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-cleanest-airports-2019/|title=World's Cleanest Airports 2019}}</ref>
|-
|1
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Haneda International Airport]]
|1
|-
|2
|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon International Airport]]
|4
|-
|3
|{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore Changi Airport]]
|3
|-
|4
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Narita International Airport]]
|5
|-
|5
|{{Flagicon|Qatar}} [[Hamad International Airport]]
|6
|-
|6
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Chubu Centrair International Airport]]
|2
|-
|7
|{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong International Airport]]
|7
|-
|8
|{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Zurich Airport]]
|10
|-
|9
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Kansai International Airport]]
|9
|-
|10
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Munich Airport]]
|{{n/a}}
|}

SkyTrax added anti-[[COVID-19]] awards for airports in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marcus |first1=Lilit |title=Rome's Fiumicino Airport awarded world's first five-star anti-Covid award |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/rome-fiumicino-airport-anti-covid-skytrax/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the COVID-19 Airport Ratings |url=http://skytraxratings.com/about-covid-19-airport-ratings |website=Skytrax}}</ref>

===World's Best Airport Terminals===

{| class="wikitable"
!Rank (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-terminals-2020/|title=World's Best Airport Terminals 2020}}</ref>
!Airport terminal
! Rank (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-terminals-2019/|title=World's Best Airport Terminals 2019}}</ref>
|-
|1
|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon International Airport| Incheon International Airport – T2]]
|{{n/a}}
|-
|2
|{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore Changi Airport – T3]]
|2
|-
|3
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Heathrow Airport|Heathrow Airport – T2]]
|4
|-
|4
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport|Paris Charles de Gaulle – T2M]]
|{{n/a}}
|-
|5
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Heathrow Airport|Heathrow Airport – T5]]
|1
|-
|6
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Munich Airport|Munich Airport – T2]]
|3
|-
|7
|{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore Changi Airport – T4]]
|6
|-
|8
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Haneda International Airport|Haneda International Airport – International Terminal]]
|7
|-
|9
|{{Flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport – T2]]
|9
|-
|10
|{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid-Barajas Airport|Madrid-Barajas Airport – T4]]
|9
|}

===World's Best Transit Airports===

{| class="wikitable"
!Rank (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-transit-airports-2020/|title=World's Best Transit Airports 2020}}</ref>
!Airport
! Rank (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-transit-airports-2019/|title=World's Best Transit Airports 2019}}</ref>
|-
|1
|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon International Airport]]
|1
|-
|2
|{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore Changi Airport]]
|2
|-
|3
|{{Flagicon|Qatar}} [[Hamad International Airport]]
|5
|-
|4
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Haneda International Airport]]
|4
|-
|5
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Narita International Airport]]
|7
|-
|6
|{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong International Airport]]
|3
|-
|7
|{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Amsterdam Schiphol Airport]]
|10
|-
|8
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Munich Airport]]
|6
|-
|9
|{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Zurich Airport]]
|9
|-
|10
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Frankfurt Airport]]
|8
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.airlinequality.com}}
*{{Twitter|skytrax_uk|SKYTRAX}}
*{{Facebook|Skytrax.uk|Skytrax}}
*{{Instagram|skytrax_uk|Skytrax}}
*{{YouTube|channel=UCxnW-L6M9GZPeShvIq5x-Ug|Skytrax}}

[[Category:Business services companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Aviation in the United Kingdom]]

Skytrax

2022-04-22T06:47:02Z

202.255.28.252: /* Former 5-Star airlines */

{{short description|UK-based consultancy, running an airline and airport review and ranking site}}
{{pp-pc1}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
[[File:Skytrak logo.png|right|thumb|200px|Former Skytrax logo]]

'''Skytrax''' (originally known as '''Inflight Research Services''') is a [[United Kingdom]]-based consultancy which runs an [[airline]] and [[airport]] review and ranking site.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/airlinequality.com|title=AirlineQuality.com WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info - DomainTools|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref> In 2012, the online investigations company KwikChex filed five complaints with the UK Advertising Standards Authority. The authority upheld all five complaints and Skytrax agreed to modify some promotional wording.<ref name="asa">{{cite web|url=http://www.asa.org.uk/Rulings/Adjudications/2012/11/Skytrax-Research/SHP_ADJ_196416.aspx|title=ASA Ruling on Skytrax Research|work=asa.org.uk}}</ref><ref name="SmartCompany">{{cite web|url=https://www.smartcompany.com.au/finance/economy/advertising-standards-authority-calls-out-tripadvisor-and-skytrax-for-fake-user-reviews/|title=Advertising Standards Authority calls out Tripadvisor and Skytrax for fake user reviews|author=Engel Schmidl|date=13 November 2012|work=SmartCompany.com.au|access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> Questions have also been raised about Skytrax's objectivity and methodology.

==Services==
Skytrax conducts research for commercial airlines, as well as taking [[Statistical survey|survey]]s from international travelers to rate [[cabin crew|cabin staff]], airports, airlines, airline lounges, [[in-flight entertainment]], on-board [[catering]], and several other elements of air travel.<ref>{{cite book | author = Mario Kossmann | title = Delivering Excellent Service Quality in Aviation | publisher = Ashgate Publishing | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-7546-4725-0 | pages = 67–71}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://airtravel.about.com/b/a/175032.htm |title=Skytrax rates the world's best}}</ref> Apart from these evaluations, Skytrax has an airline forum where passengers give potential passengers insights and opinions about an airline. The website also hosts flight reviews, flight checks, and satisfaction surveys. Skytrax holds an annual World Airline Awards<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/ World Airline Awards]</ref> and World Airport Awards,<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/ World Airport Awards]</ref> as well as the ranking for airlines and airports.

==Doubts about objectivity==
Skytrax claims on its website that it has no economic ties to the airlines and airports that are presented with Skytrax awards, which it says are based on votes by passengers. In fact any person may vote, one vote per IP address.<ref>[http://www.worldairlinesurvey.com/main/about-the-survey.html Survey information, Skytrax website]</ref> Skytrax provides remunerated consulting services to airlines and airports, and there are doubts as to whether this arrangement allows Skytrax to be objective in the awards that it issues, to wit:

In 2011, Skytrax's award of a 5-star rating to [[Hainan Airlines]] subsequent to a consulting project that it completed for the airline raised doubts about the objectivity of the award.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://simpliflying.com/2011/why-skytrax-is-dead-plus-7-insights-into-the-future-of-airline-brand-ratings/|title=Why Skytrax is dead [Plus: 7 insights into the future of airline brand ratings]|date=28 January 2011}}</ref>

In 2012, the online investigations company [[KwikChex]] filed five complaints with the UK [[Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)|Advertising Standards Authority]] related to statements on the Skytrax web site describing the volume and reliability of their reviews as well as the official status and update frequency of their ratings. The ASA ruled that there was no evidence that Skytrax had followed the robust procedures it claimed it had in place to check all reviews were genuine. Although Skytrax argued that every review underwent a four-stage authentication process, it said it was unable to provide proof it had followed its own procedures as customer emails were deleted 24 hours after a review was submitted.<ref>{{cite news |title=Skytrax airline quality claims under scrutiny |url=https://www.travelmole.com/news_feature.php?c=setreg&region=4&m_id=_rvnvns~&w_id=8418&news_id=2003855 |access-date=3 July 2019 |publisher=Travelmole |date=November 8, 2012}}</ref> The authority upheld all five complaints and Skytrax agreed to modify some promotional wording.<ref name="asa"/><ref name="SmartCompany"/>

In 2014, [[Etihad]] stopped participating in Skytrax ratings.<ref>[https://www.ausbt.com.au/etihad-airways-withdraws-from-skytrax Chris Chamberlin, "Etihad Airways withdraws from Skytrax", ''Australian Business Traveler'', June 8, 2014]</ref>

In 2015, news company [[Skift]] concluded that Skytrax had "wildly inflated" the number of persons participating in its annual survey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paddleyourownkanoo.com/2018/02/16/inside-strange-world-skytrax-aviation-rating-organization-probably-shouldnt-trust/#.XR0NlS2ZPUI|title = Inside the Strange World of Skytrax: The Aviation Rating Organization You Maybe Shouldn't Trust|date = 16 February 2018}}</ref> Skift reported:<ref>[https://skift.com/2015/03/13/understanding-the-players-during-airline-and-airport-awards-season/ "Understanding the players during airline and airport awards season", ''Skift'', March 2015]</ref>
<blockquote>The principal partner appears to be Skytrax’s founder Edward Plaisted, whose background in aviation, or outside of aviation, is unknown. Skift has tried on more than one occasion to get insights from the Skytrax on its methodology, metrics, and business organization with no success. Questions answered by its press representative were later claimed to be off the record, and statements given for previous stories were asked to be retracted.</blockquote>

Skytrax's 2019 downgrading of [[Turkish Airlines]] to a three-star carrier, subsequent to its 2018 pulling out of Skytrax, elicited much criticism and accusations of dishonesty in the awards and doubts as to whether Skytrax actually uses the methodology that it states that it uses.<ref>[https://onemileatatime.com/turkish-airlines-skytrax-3-star/"Outrageous: Turkish Airlines Downgraded To Skytrax 3-Star Airline", ''One Mile at a Time'', May 11, 2019]</ref> Similar criticism arose when Skytrax awarded [[Lufthansa]] an award for a future cabin interior in 2019, subsequent to a consulting project that it had completed for the airline.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onemileatatime.com/turkish-airlines-skytrax/|title=Turkish Airlines Pulls Out of Skytrax|date=9 June 2018}}</ref>

==Awards==
Skytrax presents awards annually to airports and airlines that it considers noteworthy in their performance.

===Airline of the year===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Year||1st||2nd||3rd
|-
|2001<ref name="worldairlineawards.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/main/history.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-07-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531074703/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/main/history.htm |archive-date=31 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]|| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore Airlines]]|| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Cathay Pacific]]
|-
|2002<ref name="worldairlineawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2003<ref>{{cite web|title=Cathay named Airline of the Year|url=http://www.travelweeklyweb.com/cathay-named-airline-of-the-year/2831|publisher=Contineo Media|access-date=3 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130205004235/http://www.travelweeklyweb.com/cathay-named-airline-of-the-year/2831|archive-date=5 February 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific<ref name=twe/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2004<ref name=twe>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/04/16/1082055633699.html|title=The winning edge|date=17 April 2004|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|-
|2005<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.airlinequality.com/2005/airline-05-ent.htm |title=Airline of the Year 2005 |access-date=23 April 2007 |archive-date=13 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613061609/http://www.airlinequality.com/2005/airline-05-ent.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Qantas]]|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates
|-
|2006<ref name="worldairlineawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Airways]]|| {{flagicon|AUS}} Qantas || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|-
|2007<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2007/AirlineYear-2007.htm Airline of the Year 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070724182952/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2007/AirlineYear-2007.htm |date=24 July 2007 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|THA}} [[Thai Airways]] || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|-
|2008<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2008/AirlineYear-2008.htm Airline of the Year 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811042148/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2008/AirlineYear-2008.htm |date=11 August 2008 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific || {{flagicon|AUS}} Qantas
|-
|2009<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2009/AirlineYear-2009.htm Airline of the Year 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609143132/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2009/AirlineYear-2009.htm |date=9 June 2009 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Asiana Airlines]]
|-
|2010<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards-2010/Airline2010.htm Airline of the Year 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005151/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards-2010/Airline2010.htm |date=4 June 2011 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|QAT}} [[Qatar Airways]]
|-
|2011<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2011/Airline2011.htm Airline of the Year 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626024628/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2011/Airline2011.htm |date=26 June 2011 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines
|-
|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar Airways is a repeat winner of World's Best Airline Award at Farnborough Air Show|url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2012/Airline2012.htm|publisher=Skytrax|access-date=3 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211085935/http://worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2012/Airline2012.htm|archive-date=11 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> || {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2013<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.airlinequality.com/news/awards2013.htm | title=Top 10 airlines | access-date=4 January 2014}}</ref> || {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates || {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2014<ref>[http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2014/Airline2014.htm Airline of the Year 2014] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103522/http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards_2014/Airline2014.htm |date=24 June 2015 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific || {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2015<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline.html | title=World's Best Airlines | access-date=16 June 2015}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|-
|2016<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline.html | title=World's Best Airlines | access-date=12 July 2016}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates || {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
|2017<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline.html | title=World's Best Airlines | access-date=20 June 2017}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[All Nippon Airways]]
|-
|2018<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline.html |title= World's Best Airlines | access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
|2019<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-top-10-airlines-2019/ |title= World's Best Airlines | access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
|2021<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-top-10-airlines-2021/ |title= World's Best Airlines | access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways || {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|}

===Airport of the year===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Year||1st||2nd||3rd
|-
|1999|| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol]]<ref name=paw>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/main/winner_history.htm Previous Winners : Airport Of The Year] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907102943/http://www.worldairportawards.com/main/winner_history.htm |date=7 September 2008 }}</ref>|| None || None
|-
|2000|| {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Singapore Changi Airport]]<ref name=paw/>|| None || None
|-
|2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.people.com.cn/english/200104/23/eng20010423_68327.html|title=Survey Lists HK Int'l Airport As World's Best Airport 2001|work=people.com.cn}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong International Airport]]|| {{flagicon|MYS}} [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]]|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport
|-
|2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiatraveltips.com/travelnews2002/6May2002Sydney.shtml|title=Sydney Airport wins another top ranking in world airport survey - Latest Travel News - ASIA Travel Tips.com|author=smh|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Sydney Kingsford Smith International Airport]]
|-
|2003<ref>{{cite press release|title=Hong Kong honoured as the world's Best Airport for the third straight year|url=http://www.hongkongairport.com/eng/media/press-releases/ex_425.html|publisher=Airport Authority Hong Kong.|access-date=3 December 2012}}</ref> || {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport<ref name=paw/>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Dubai International Airport]]
|-
|2004<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hktrader.net/200405/trade/product-bestairport200405.htm |title=HKIA wins top accolades |access-date=18 July 2008 |archive-date=14 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114010906/http://www.hktrader.net/200405/trade/product-bestairport200405.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|NLD}} Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
|-
|2005<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.airlinequality.com/2005/airport-05-ent.htm |title=Airport of the Year 2005 |access-date=23 April 2007 |archive-date=28 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062126/http://www.airlinequality.com/2005/airport-05-ent.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Incheon International Airport]]
|-
|2006<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards-2006/AirportYear-2006.htm Airport of the Year 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231160516/http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards-2006/AirportYear-2006.htm |date=31 December 2006 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport<ref name=paw/>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Munich Airport]]
|-
|2007<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2007/Airport2007.htm Airport of the Year 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829144235/http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2007/Airport2007.htm |date=29 August 2009 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport
|-
|2008<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2008/Airport2008.htm Airport of the Year 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212081658/http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2008/Airport2008.htm |date=12 February 2010 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport
|-
||2009<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2009/Airport2009.htm Airport of the Year 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805183929/http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2009/Airport2009.htm |date=5 August 2013 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport
|-
||2010<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/main/Press-APT2010.htm Airport of the Year 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129173104/http://www.worldairportawards.com/main/Press-APT2010.htm |date=29 November 2010 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport
|-
|2011<ref>[http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2011/Airport2011.htm Airport of the Year 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730200254/http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2011/Airport2011.htm |date=30 July 2013 }}</ref>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport
|-
|2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards/world_airport_rating_2012.html|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2012}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport ||{{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong International Airport
|-
|2013<ref name="Airport of the Year 2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards/world_airport_rating_2013.html|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2013}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|NED}} Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
|-
|2014<ref name="Airport of the Year 2014">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards/world_airport_rating_2014.html|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2014}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|DEU}} Munich Airport
|-
|2015<ref name="Airport of the Year 2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards/world_airport_rating_2015.html|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2015}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|DEU}} Munich Airport
|-
|2016<ref name="Airport of the Year 2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/the-worlds-top-100-airports-2016/|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2016}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|DEU}} Munich Airport
|-
|2017<ref name="Airport of the Year 2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/the-worlds-top-100-airports-2017/|title = World's Top 100 Airports 2017}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport]] || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport
|-
|2018<ref name="Airport of the Year 2018">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-100-airports-2018/|title=World's Top 100 Airports 2018}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport || {{flagicon|JPN}} Tokyo International Airport
|-
|2019<ref name="Airport of the Year 2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-10-airports-2019/|title = The World's Top 10 Airports of 2021}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|JPN}} Tokyo International Airport || {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon International Airport
|-
|2020<ref name="Airport of the Year 2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-100-airports-2020/|title=The World's Top 100 Airports of 2020}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport || {{flagicon|JPN}} Tokyo International Airport || {{flagicon|QAT}} [[Hamad International Airport]]
|-
|2021<ref>{{cite web |title=The World's Top 10 Airports of 2021 |url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/the-worlds-top-10-airports-of-2021/ |website=SKYTRAX |language=en}}</ref>|| {{flagicon|QAT}} Hamad International Airport || {{flagicon|JPN}} Tokyo International Airport || {{flagicon|SGP}} Singapore Changi Airport
|}

==Airline rankings==
===The World's 5-Star Airlines===
Skytrax currently certifies only its top-10-rated airlines with 5 stars.

'''Sources:'''<ref>{{cite web |title=The World's 5-Star Airlines |url=https://skytraxratings.com/the-worlds-5-star-airlines |website=Skytrax}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/opinion/news/article.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=10370050|title = Jim Eagles: Asian airlines flying high}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kaur |first=Karamjit |date= January 9, 2004 |title= Changi named world's best airport; It wins 18 top awards from industry organisations, magazines; SIA shares top honours as best airline |location= The Straits Times (Singapore) }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Williams|first=Geoffrey |date= March 23, 2002 |title= Airline of the Year; No. 1 in the skies
|location= The Advertiser }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/frequent-fliers-rate-the-airlines/article761851/|title = Frequent fliers rate the airlines}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171110061623/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-133226704.html HighBeam]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Airlines Archive - Page 1|url=https://skytraxratings.com/airlines|access-date=2020-12-10|website=Skytrax|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=Korean Air achieves the prestigious 5-Star Airline recognition|url=https://skytraxratings.com/korean-air-achieves-the-prestigious-5-star-airline-recognition|access-date=2020-12-10|website=Skytrax|language=en-GB}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Airline !! Alliance !! Period
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[All Nippon Airways]]
| [[Star Alliance]]
| 2013–present
|-
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Asiana Airlines]]
| Star Alliance
| 2007–present
|-
| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Cathay Pacific]]
| [[Oneworld]]
| 2001–2002, 2004, 2006–present
|-
| {{flagicon|TWN}} [[EVA Air]]
| Star Alliance
| 2016–present
|-
| {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Garuda Indonesia]]
| [[SkyTeam]]
| 2014–present
|-
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hainan Airlines]]
| ''none''
| 2010–present
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Japan Airlines]]
| Oneworld
| 2018–present
|-
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Korean Air]]
|[[SkyTeam]]
|2020–present
|-
| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Lufthansa]]
| Star Alliance
| 2017–present
|-
| {{flagicon|QAT}} [[Qatar Airways]]
| Oneworld
| 2006–present
|-
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore Airlines]]
| Star Alliance
| 2001–2002, 2004, 2006–present
|}

==== Former 5-star Airlines ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Airline
!Alliance
!Period
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ansett Australia]]
|Star Alliance
|2001–2002
|-
|{{flagicon|UK}} [[British Airways]]
|Oneworld
|2001
|-
|{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]
|''none''
|2001
|-
|{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Etihad Airways]]
|''none''
|2016–2019
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher Airlines]]
|''none''
|2008–2010
|-
|{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Malaysia Airlines]]
|Oneworld
|2001, 2005–2013
|}

===Airline with the Best Airport Services===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd
|-
| 2013<ref name="worldairportawards.com">{{cite web| url = http://www.worldairportawards.com/| title = World Airport Awards {{!}} SKYTRAX}} </ref>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines || {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Korean Air]]
|-
| 2014<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thai Airways]]
|-
| 2015<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|IDN}} Garuda Indonesia
|-
| 2016<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|THA}} Thai Airways
|-
| 2017<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|THA}} Thai Airways
|-
| 2018<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air || {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways ||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|}

===Best Inflight Entertainment===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd
|-
| 2013<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific
|-
| 2014<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkish Airlines]]
|-
| 2015<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
| 2016<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways
|-
| 2017<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
| 2018<ref name ="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways
|-
| 2019<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|UAE}} Emirates ||{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|}

===Best Aircraft Cabin Cleanliness===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd
|-
| 2013<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines || {{flagicon|KOR}} Korean Air
|-
| 2014<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines || {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines
|-
| 2015<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines || {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
| 2016<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific ||{{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air || {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
| 2017<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways || {{flagicon|JPN}} Japan Airlines
|-
| 2018<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways ||{{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air || {{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines
|-
| 2019<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air ||{{flagicon|JPN}} Japan Airlines ||{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
| 2020<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines ||{{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines ||{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways
|-
|}

===World's Best Regional Airlines (Short haul flight)===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd
|-
| 2013<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Cathay Dragon]] (formerly Dragonair) ||{{flagicon|GRC}} [[Aegean Airlines]] || {{flagicon|THA}} [[Bangkok Airways]]
|-
| 2014<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>||{{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways ||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair) ||{{flagicon|GRC}} Aegean Airlines
|-
| 2015<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| {{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair) || {{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways ||{{flagicon|GRC}} Aegean Airlines
|-
| 2016<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>||{{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair) ||{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong Airlines]]
|-
| 2017<ref name="worldairlineawards.com"/>||{{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways||{{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong Airlines||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair)
|-
| 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-best-regional-airlines-2018/ |website=worldairlineawards.com |title=World's Best Regional Airlines 2018 |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref>||{{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair)||{{flagicon|US}} [[Alaska Airlines]]
|-
| 2019<ref
name="worldairlineawards.com"/>||{{flagicon|THA}} Bangkok Airways||{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Dragon (formerly Dragonair)||{{flagicon|US}} [[jetBlue Airways]]
|}

===World's Best Airline Alliance===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd
|-
| 2013<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| [[Oneworld]] || [[Star Alliance]] || [[SkyTeam]]
|-
| 2014<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| Oneworld || Star Alliance || SkyTeam
|-
| 2015<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| Oneworld || Star Alliance || SkyTeam
|-
| 2016<ref name="worldairportawards.com"/>|| Star Alliance || Oneworld || SkyTeam
|-
|2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline_alliance.html|title=The World's Best Airline Alliance in 2017|website=www.worldairlineawards.com|language=en}}</ref>
|Star Alliance
|Oneworld
|SkyTeam
|-
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldairlineawards.com/Awards/worlds_best_airline_alliance.html|title=The World's Best Airline Alliance in 2018|website=www.worldairlineawards.com|language=en}}</ref>
|Star Alliance
|Oneworld
|SkyTeam
|-
|2019<ref>{{cite web |title=World's Best Airline Alliance 2019 |url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-best-airline-alliance-2019/ |website=SKYTRAX |language=en}}</ref>
|Star Alliance
|Oneworld
|SkyTeam
|-
|2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=The World's Best Airline Alliance 2021|url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-best-airline-alliance-2021/|access-date=2021-11-11|website=SKYTRAX|language=en}}</ref>
| colspan="3" |''cancelled due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]]''
|-
|2021<ref>{{cite web |title=World's Best Airline Alliance 2021 |url=https://www.worldairlineawards.com/worlds-best-airline-alliance-2021/ |website=SKYTRAX |language=en}}</ref>
|Oneworld
|Star Alliance
|SkyTeam
|}

==Airport rankings==
===The World's 5-Star Airports===
Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://skytraxratings.com/airports?stars=5|title=5-Star Airports|website=skytraxratings.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Airport
|-
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore Changi Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Chubu Centrair International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Haikou Meilan International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|QAT}} [[Hamad International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Haneda International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|AZE}} [[Heydar Aliyev International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Istanbul Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Munich Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Platov International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|ECU}} [[Quito International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|OMA}} [[Salalah Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Seoul Incheon International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport]]
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[William P. Hobby Airport]]
|}

===World's Best Airports===

{| class="wikitable"
!Rank (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-100-airports-2020/|title=World's Top 100 Airports 2020}}</ref>
!Airport
! Rank (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-100-airports-2019/|title=World's Top 100 Airports 2019}}</ref>
! Rank (2018)
|-
|1
|{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore Changi Airport]]
|1
|1
|-
|2
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Haneda International Airport]]
|2
|3
|-
|3
|{{Flagicon|Qatar}} [[Hamad International Airport]]
|4
|5
|-
|4
|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon International Airport]]
|3
|2
|-
|5
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Munich Airport]]
|7
|6
|-
|6
|{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong International Airport]]
|5
|4
|-
|7
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Narita International Airport]]
|9
|11
|-
|8
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Chubu Centrair International Airport]]
|6
|7
|-
|9
|{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Amsterdam Schiphol Airport]]
|14
|12
|-
|10
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Kansai International Airport]]
|11
|13
|}

===World's Cleanest Airports===

{| class="wikitable"
!Rank (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-cleanest-airports-2020/|title=World's Cleanest Airports 2020}}</ref>
!Airport
! Rank (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-cleanest-airports-2019/|title=World's Cleanest Airports 2019}}</ref>
|-
|1
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Haneda International Airport]]
|1
|-
|2
|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon International Airport]]
|4
|-
|3
|{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore Changi Airport]]
|3
|-
|4
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Narita International Airport]]
|5
|-
|5
|{{Flagicon|Qatar}} [[Hamad International Airport]]
|6
|-
|6
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Chubu Centrair International Airport]]
|2
|-
|7
|{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong International Airport]]
|7
|-
|8
|{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Zurich Airport]]
|10
|-
|9
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Kansai International Airport]]
|9
|-
|10
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Munich Airport]]
|{{n/a}}
|}

SkyTrax added anti-[[COVID-19]] awards for airports in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marcus |first1=Lilit |title=Rome's Fiumicino Airport awarded world's first five-star anti-Covid award |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/rome-fiumicino-airport-anti-covid-skytrax/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the COVID-19 Airport Ratings |url=http://skytraxratings.com/about-covid-19-airport-ratings |website=Skytrax}}</ref>

===World's Best Airport Terminals===

{| class="wikitable"
!Rank (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-terminals-2020/|title=World's Best Airport Terminals 2020}}</ref>
!Airport terminal
! Rank (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-terminals-2019/|title=World's Best Airport Terminals 2019}}</ref>
|-
|1
|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon International Airport| Incheon International Airport – T2]]
|{{n/a}}
|-
|2
|{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore Changi Airport – T3]]
|2
|-
|3
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Heathrow Airport|Heathrow Airport – T2]]
|4
|-
|4
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport|Paris Charles de Gaulle – T2M]]
|{{n/a}}
|-
|5
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Heathrow Airport|Heathrow Airport – T5]]
|1
|-
|6
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Munich Airport|Munich Airport – T2]]
|3
|-
|7
|{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore Changi Airport – T4]]
|6
|-
|8
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Haneda International Airport|Haneda International Airport – International Terminal]]
|7
|-
|9
|{{Flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport – T2]]
|9
|-
|10
|{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid-Barajas Airport|Madrid-Barajas Airport – T4]]
|9
|}

===World's Best Transit Airports===

{| class="wikitable"
!Rank (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-transit-airports-2020/|title=World's Best Transit Airports 2020}}</ref>
!Airport
! Rank (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-transit-airports-2019/|title=World's Best Transit Airports 2019}}</ref>
|-
|1
|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon International Airport]]
|1
|-
|2
|{{Flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore Changi Airport]]
|2
|-
|3
|{{Flagicon|Qatar}} [[Hamad International Airport]]
|5
|-
|4
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Haneda International Airport]]
|4
|-
|5
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Narita International Airport]]
|7
|-
|6
|{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong International Airport]]
|3
|-
|7
|{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Amsterdam Schiphol Airport]]
|10
|-
|8
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Munich Airport]]
|6
|-
|9
|{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Zurich Airport]]
|9
|-
|10
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Frankfurt Airport]]
|8
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.airlinequality.com}}
*{{Twitter|skytrax_uk|SKYTRAX}}
*{{Facebook|Skytrax.uk|Skytrax}}
*{{Instagram|skytrax_uk|Skytrax}}
*{{YouTube|channel=UCxnW-L6M9GZPeShvIq5x-Ug|Skytrax}}

[[Category:Business services companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Aviation in the United Kingdom]]

Cần Thơ Bridge

2022-04-19T07:28:27Z

202.255.28.252:

{{Infobox Bridge
|bridge_name= Cần Thơ Bridge
|image= CanThoBridge.jpg
|caption=
|official_name=
|native_name= Cầu Cần Thơ
|carries=
|crosses= Sông Hậu Giang ([[Bassac River]])
|locale= [[Cần Thơ]], [[Vietnam]]
|maint=
|design= [[Cable-stayed bridge]]
|mainspan= {{convert|550|m|ft|0}}
|length= {{convert|2750|m|ft|0}}, {{convert|15850|m|ft|0}} include approach ramps
|width= {{convert|23.1|m|ft|0}}
|height = {{convert|175.3|m}}
|clearance= {{convert|39|m|ft|0}}
|begin = {{Start date|2004|09|25}}
|open= {{Start date|2010|04|24}}
|toll=
|map_cue=
|map_image=
|map_text=
|map_width=
|coordinates= {{coord|10|1|53.95|N|105|48|31.1|E|type:landmark_region:VN_dim:3000}}
}}

'''Cần Thơ Bridge''' ({{lang-vi|Cầu Cần Thơ}}), is a [[cable-stayed bridge]] over the Hậu ([[Bassac River|Bassac]]) River, the largest [[distributary]] of the [[Mekong River]], in the city of [[Cần Thơ]] in southern [[Vietnam]]. The bridge is 2.75 kilometres long (1.68 miles). It has a 6-lane [[dual carriageway|carriageway]] measuring 23 metres (76 feet) in width, with 4 lanes for automobile traffic and two lanes for bicycles and motorbikes. It has a [[air draft|clearance]] of 39 metres (128 feet), which allows large ships to pass underneath it.<ref name=VietnamBridge>{{cite web|title=SE Asia's longest cable-stayed bridge underway in Can Tho |url=http://vietnamnews.vnanet.vn/2004-09/27/Stories/02.htm |access-date=September 28, 2007 |date=September 28, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070901211543/http://vietnamnews.vnanet.vn/2004-09/27/Stories/02.htm |archive-date=September 1, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The bridge was inaugurated on April 24, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Inauguration of Can Tho Bridge, linking a range of transport |url=http://vnpress.org/detail_11556_Inauguration-of-Can-Tho-Bridge-linking-a-range-of-transport.html |access-date=June 2, 2010 |date=April 26, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307204557/http://vnpress.org/detail_11556_Inauguration-of-Can-Tho-Bridge-linking-a-range-of-transport.html |archive-date=March 7, 2012 }}</ref>

==Construction==
Prime Minister [[Phan Văn Khải]] launched construction of the bridge on September 25, 2004, which was scheduled to be completed in late 2008. The collapse of the partially built bridge in 2007 delayed its opening. The bridge is one of seventeen bridges planned to integrate the [[Mekong Delta]] into the road network of Vietnam by 2020. The bridge replaced the network of ferries on the [[National Route 1A (Vietnam)|National Route 1A]] linking [[Vĩnh Long Province]] on the east shore with Cần Thơ city on the westbank.<ref name=VietnamBridge />

The construction of the bridge was supervised by the consultant group Nippon Koei-Chodai and contracted to several Japanese [[general contractor|contractors]]: [[Taisei Corporation]], [[Kajima Construction]] and [[Nippon Steel]]. [[Capital (economics)|Capital]] for the project was funded by the [[Japan International Cooperation Agency]] with [[official development assistance]] loan from the [[Japan Bank of International Cooperation]] and the Vietnamese government.<ref name=VietnamBridge /> Cần Thơ Bridge is insured by the Petrolimex Joint Stock Insurance Company and PetroVietnam Insurance Company for 3.2 trillion Vietnamese đồng (200 million U.S. dollars).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bridge collapse kills at least 52 |url=http://www.saigontimes.com.vn/daily/detail.asp?muc=1&Sobao=3034&SoTT=1 |access-date=September 29, 2007 |date=2007-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122010521/http://www.saigontimes.com.vn/daily/detail.asp?muc=1&Sobao=3034&SoTT=1 |archive-date=January 22, 2019 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The construction of the Cần Thơ Bridge was subdivided into three contracts, with one contractor handling the first approach bridge, the second building the main bridge, and the third constructing the southern approach road into Cần Thơ.<ref>{{cite web |title=World price hike hits Mekong projects |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/biz/2005/10/496049/ |access-date=September 29, 2007 |date=2005-03-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080316053730/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/biz/2005/10/496049/ |archive-date = March 16, 2008}}</ref>

==Collapse==
[[Image:CanThoBridgeCollapse2.jpg|thumb|250px|Pieces of Cần Thơ Bridge remaining after its collapse on October 4, 2007, ten days after the accident.]]
{{main article|Collapse of Cần Thơ Bridge}}
A 90-meter approach ramp of the Cần Thơ Bridge collapsed during construction, on the morning of September 26, 2007, falling from 30 meters in the air.<ref>{{cite news |title=Can Tho bridge collapses, dozens of people die |date=2007-09-27 |work=[[Vietnam Net]] |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/social/2007/09/745061/ |access-date=2007-09-26 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023172314/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/social/2007/09/745061/ |archive-date = 2007-10-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The collapsed section was above a small island located on the [[Vĩnh Long]] side of the bridge.<ref name="taipaitimes">{{cite news |title=Vietnam bridge collapse kills 43 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2007/09/28/2003380771 |work=AP |publisher=Taipai Times |date=2007-09-28 |access-date=2007-09-30 }}</ref> There were 250 engineers and workers working on and under the span at the time;<ref>{{cite news|title=Fatalities In Vietnam's Can Tho Bridge Collapse Surge To 59 |url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/070927/3/14jcw.html |work=au.news.yahoo.com |access-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013194205/http://au.news.yahoo.com/070927/3/14jcw.html |archive-date=2007-10-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the official death toll is 54, with 80 severe injuries.<ref name=inquiry>{{cite news |url=http://www.khl.com/magazines/international-construction/detail/item26047/ |title=Inquiry reports on Vietnam's Can Tho Bridge collapse |last=High |first=Richard |work=International Construction |publisher=KHL Group |date=2008-07-07 |access-date=2016-09-16}}</ref> According to Dr. Trần Chủng, head of the national construction QA/QC authority under the Ministry of Construction, this is the most catastrophic disaster in the history of Vietnam's construction industry.<ref name="Sài Gòn Giải Phóng">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sggp.org.vn/xahoi/2007/9/122629/ |title=Collapse of Can Tho Bridge, the most serious disaster in the history of Vietnam's construction |work=Liberated Saigon News |date=2007-09-29 |access-date=2007-09-29 |language=Vietnamese |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030064328/http://www.sggp.org.vn/xahoi/2007/9/122629/ |archive-date=2007-10-30 }}</ref>

===Rescue efforts===
Immediately following the accident, many workers at the site joined the rescue forces to take the injured out of the debris,<ref>{{cite news |authors=MINH GIẢNG - QUANG VINH - PHƯƠNG NGUYÊN |title=10 giây kinh hoàng |date=27 September 2007 |url=http://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=221693&ChannelID=3 |work=Tuoi Tre |access-date=2007-09-27 |language=Vietnamese |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716213405/http://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=221693&ChannelID=3 |archive-date=16 July 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Cho Ray Hospital|Chợ Rẫy Hospital]] in [[Ho Chi Minh City|Hồ Chí Minh City]] sent two professional rescue teams to the site.<ref>{{cite news |title='Còn nhiều người chờ chúng tôi đến cứu' |date=27 September 2007 |url=http://vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Xa-hoi/2007/09/3B9FAA9B/ |work=VnExpress |access-date=2007-09-27 |language=Vietnamese |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025083520/http://www.vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Xa-hoi/2007/09/3B9FAA9B/ |archive-date=2007-10-25 }}</ref> Local people, students, and cadres joined the rescue teams. International agencies contributed rescue personnel and funding.<ref>{{cite news |title=International SOS Assists Victims of Can Tho Bridge Collapse |date=2007-09-27 |website=AmCham Vietnam |url=http://www.amchamvietnam.com/international-sos-assists-victims-of-can-tho-bridge-collapse/ |access-date=2016-09-20 }}</ref> Rescue efforts were carried out with cranes rather than by direct rescue personnel because of the risk of collapse of the remaining part of the bridge.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://anv.vn/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026143738/http://vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Xa-hoi/2007/09/3B9FAA05/ |archive-date=2007-10-26 |url-status=dead |title=Sập cầu Cần Thơ, hàng chục người thiệt mạng |trans-title=Collapse of Can Tho Bridge, dozens killed |language=Vietnamese}}</ref>

===Aftermath===
An inquiry into the cause of the collapse spent 8 months investigating. Initially, it was discovered that the temporary pillars that had given out had been under-specified, using narrower margins to save costs. Ultimately, the proximate cause was determined to be building the temporary pillars partially on soft sand, which settled unevenly and caused the pillar to tilt.<ref name=inquiry/> In 2009, the Vietnamese government banned the [[Taisei Corporation|Taisei]] and [[Kajima Construction]] companies from operating in Vietnam for one year, blaming the two Japanese companies for failing to secure the bridge support.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vietnam Bans Japan's Taisei, Kajima From Projects (Update1) |author=Nguyen Dieu Tu Uyen |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aVQG8dhhNGLU |newspaper=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |date= July 21, 2009 |access-date=August 8, 2012}}</ref>

==Opening==
The largest bridge in the region, was completed on April 12 and opened for traffic on April 24, 2010.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Can Tho Bridge}}
* {{Structurae|id=20011825}}

{{Cable-stayed bridges in Southeast Asia}}
{{coord|10|1|53.95|N|105|48|31.1|E|type:landmark_region:VN_dim:3000|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Can Tho Bridge}}
[[Category:Road bridges in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Cable-stayed bridges in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 2010]]
[[Category:Bassac River]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Cần Thơ]]
[[Category:Japan International Cooperation Agency]]
[[Category:Japan–Vietnam relations]]

Transport in Keihanshin

2022-04-12T23:03:40Z

202.255.28.252: /* Rail Ridership */

'''Transport in the [[Keihanshin]] metropolitan region''' is much like that of [[Tokyo]]: it includes public and private rail and highway networks; airports for international, domestic, and general aviation; buses; motorcycle delivery services, walking, bicycling, and commercial shipping. The nexus is in the central part of [[Osaka]], though [[Kobe]] and [[Kyoto]] are major centers in their own right. Every part of Keihanshin has rail or road transport services. The sea and air transport is available from a limited number of ports for the general public.

[[Public transport]] within Keihanshin is dominated by an extensive public system, beginning with an urban rail network second only to that of [[Transport in Greater Tokyo|Greater Tokyo]], consisting of over seventy railway lines of surface trains and subways run by numerous operators; buses, monorails, and trams support the primary rail network. Over 13 million people use the public transit system daily as their primary means of travel.<ref>http://www.mlit.go.jp/kisha/kisha07/01/010330_3/01.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Like Tokyo, walking and bicycling are much more common than in many cities around the globe. Trips by bicycle (including joint trips with railway) in Osaka is at 33.9% with railway trips alone having the highest share at 36.4%, the combined railway share (rail alone, rail and bus, rail and bicycle) is at 45.7%. Walking alone has a modal share of 8.5%. Private automobiles and motorcycles play a secondary role in urban transport with private automobiles only having a 9.9% [[modal share]] in Osaka.<ref>http://www.pref.osaka.lg.jp/attach/1891/00039840/kokucho%20juugyouchi%20tsuugakuchi.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

== Airports ==

===Primary===
[[File:Itami Airport terminal.jpg|thumb|right|[[Osaka International Airport]] (Itami)]]
Osaka Airport ([[Itami Airport]]) served 16 million domestic passengers in 2019, and [[Kansai International Airport]] served 29 million international and domestic passengers. [[Kobe Airport]] is the region's newest airport, and has mostly domestic services, with a few international charter flights, serving 3 million passengers.

===Secondary===
[[Yao Airport]] serves the area's general aviation needs. Still further across Osaka Bay into Shikoku lies [[Tokushima Airport]], also capable of handling large planes, and a possible alternative airport for the region (for evacuation, disaster relief, emergency landings, cargo, overload etc.).

There are also a number of [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force|JASDF]] military facilities.

== Rail ==
The rail network in [[Keihanshin]] is very dense, with the average number of daily passengers topping 13 million. Railway usage and density is similar to that of [[Greater Tokyo]], despite the smaller population base of Keihanshin. As in [[Tokyo]], few free maps exist of the entire network; instead, most show only the stations of a particular company, and whole network maps (see, for example, [https://www.flickr.com/photos/kzaral/3372201325/sizes/l/ this map] of Keihanshin's rail network) often are confusing simply because they are so large.

In addition to above-ground and below-ground rail lines, the [[San'yō Shinkansen|Sanyō]] and [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]] serve as the backbone of intercity rail transport.

===History===
Japan's first streetcar opened in 1895 in Kyoto.<ref name="Seeing Kyoto">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4JK8jH2uU4C&q=kyoto+streetcar | title=Seeing Kyoto | publisher=[[Kodansha International]] | author=Carpenter, Juliet Winters | author-link=Juliet Winters Carpenter | year=2005 | pages=95| isbn=9784770023384 }}</ref>

===List of operating passenger rail lines===
{{col-start}}
{{col-3}}
* '''[[West Japan Railway Company|West Japan Railway Company (JR West)]]'''
** ''[[High-speed rail]]''
*** [[San'yō Shinkansen]]
** ''[[Inter-city rail|Intercity]] of JR West''
*** [[Tōkaidō Main Line]]
**** ●[[Biwako Line]]
**** ●[[JR Kyoto Line]]
**** ●[[JR Kobe Line]]
*** [[San'yō Main Line]]
**** ●[[JR Kobe Line]]
*** [[Fukuchiyama Line]]
**** ●[[JR Takarazuka Line]]
***[[Hokuriku Main Line]]
**** ●''Biwako Line'' shared with Tokaido Main Line
*** [[Kansai Main Line]]
**** ●[[Yamatoji Line]]
*** [[Kakogawa Line]]
***[[Kisei Main Line]]
**** [[Kinokuni Line]]
*** [[Sanin Main Line]]
**** ●[[Sagano Line]]
** ''[[Urban rail|Urban Network]] of JR West''
***[[Ako Line|Akō Line]]
***[[Biwako Line]]
***●[[Hanwa Line]]
***[[Kansai Airport Line]]
***●[[Katamachi Line|Katamachi Line (Gakkentoshi Line)]]
***[[JR Kobe Line]]
***●[[Kosei Line]]
***[[JR Kyoto Line]]
***[[Nara Line]]
***●[[Osaka Loop Line]]
*** ●[[Osaka Higashi Line]]
***[[Sagano Line]]
***[[Sakurai Line|Sakurai Line (Man-yo Mahoroba Line)]]
***[[Sakurajima Line|Sakurajima Line (JR Yumesaki Line)]]
***[[JR Takarazuka Line]]
***●[[JR Tōzai Line]]
***[[Yamatoji Line]]
***[[Wakayama Line]]
* '''[[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Central]]'''
** ''[[High-speed rail]]''
*** [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]]
* '''[[Hanshin Electric Railway]]'''
** [[Hanshin Main Line|Main Line]]'''
** [[Hanshin Namba Line]]
** [[Hanshin Mukogawa Line|Mukogawa Line]]
* '''[[Hankai Tramway]]'''
** [[Hankai Line]]
** [[Hankai Uemachi Line|Uemachi Line]]
* '''[[Hankyu Railway]]'''
** ●[[Hankyu Kobe Line|Kobe Line]]
*** [[Hankyu Itami Line|Itami Line]]
*** [[Hankyu Imazu Line|Imazu Line]]
*** [[Hankyu Kōyō Line|Kōyō Line]]
*** [[Tozai Line (Kobe)|Kōbe Kōsoku Line]]
** ●[[Hankyu Takarazuka Line|Takarazuka Line]]
*** [[Hankyu Minoo Line|Minoo Line]]
** ●[[Hankyu Kyoto Line|Kyoto Line]]
*** [[Hankyu Senri Line|Senri Line]]
*** [[Hankyu Arashiyama Line|Arashiyama Line]]
* '''[[Keihan Electric Railway]]'''
** [[Keihan Main Line]]
*** [[Keihan Ōtō Line|Ōtō Line]]
*** [[Keihan Nakanoshima Line|Nakanoshima Line]]
*** [[Keihan Katano Line|Katano Line]]
*** [[Keihan Uji Line|Uji Line]]
** [[Keihan Keishin Line|Keishin Line]]
** [[Keihan Ishiyama Sakamoto Line|Ishiyama Sakamoto Line]]
{{col-3}}
* '''[[Kintetsu Railway|Kintetsu]]'''
** [[Nara Line (Kintetsu)|Nara Line]]
*** [[Kintetsu Namba Line|Namba Line]]
*** [[Ikoma Line]]
** [[Kyoto Line (Kintetsu)|Kyoto Line]]
** [[Kashihara Line]]
***[[Tenri Line]]
***[[Tawaramoto Line]]
** [[Keihanna Line]]
** [[Osaka Line]]
***[[Shigi Line]]
** [[Minami Osaka Line]]
*** [[Yoshino Line]]
***[[Domyoji Line]]
***[[Nagano Line (Kintetsu)|Nagano Line]]
***[[Gose Line]]
* ''Kintetsu owned, but different operator''
**[[Iga Railway Iga Line|Iga Line]]
* '''[[Nankai Electric Railway]]'''
** [[Nankai Main Line]]
***[[Takashinohama Line]]
***[[Nankai Airport Line|Airport Line]]
***[[Tanagawa Line]]
***[[Kada Line]]
**[[Wakayamako Line]]
** [[Koya Line]]
***[[Shiomibashi Line]]
* [[Kita-Osaka Kyuko Railway]]
* [[Osaka Metro]]
** ●[[Midōsuji Line]]
** ●[[Tanimachi Line]]
** ●[[Yotsubashi Line]]
** ●[[Chūō Line (Osaka)|Chūō Line]]
** ●[[Sennichimae Line]]
** ●[[Sakaisuji Line]]
** ●[[Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line]]
** ●[[Imazatosuji Line]]
** ●[[Nankō Port Town Line]]
* [[Kyoto Municipal Subway]]
** ●[[Karasuma Line]]
** ●[[Tōzai Line (Kyoto)|Tōzai Line]]
* [[Kobe Municipal Subway]]
** ●[[Seishin-Yamate Line]]
** ●[[Kaigan Line]]
* [[Osaka Monorail]]
* [[Kobe Electric Railway]]
** [[Shintetsu Arima Line|Arima Line]]
** [[Shintetsu Ao Line|Ao Line]]
** [[Shintetsu Sanda Line|Sanda Line]]
** [[Shintetsu Kōen-Toshi Line]]
* [[Sanyo Electric Railway]]
**[[Sanyo Electric Railway Main Line|Main Line]]
**[[Sanyo Electric Railway Aboshi Line|Aboshi Line]]
* [[Kobe Rapid Railway]]
**[[Tozai Line (Kobe)|Tozai Line]]
**[[Namboku Line (Kobe)|Namboku Line]]
**[[Hokushin Kyuko Electric Railway|Hokushin Line]]
* [[Keifuku Electric Railroad]]
**[[Arashiyama Main Line]]
** [[Kitano Line]]
* [[Eizan Electric Railway]]
** Eizan Main Line
** Kurama Line
* [[Nose Electric Railway]]
** [[Myōken Line]]
** [[Nissei Line]]
* [[Kobe New Transit]]
**[[Port Island Line]] (Port Liner)
**[[Rokkō Island Line]] (Rokko Liner)
{{col-3}}
[[File:021 新幹線 N700 Series Shinkansen high speed train arriving at Kyoto Station, Japan.jpg|thumb|[[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Central]] [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]] arriving at Kyoto Station]]
[[File:Kintetsu 80000 Series between Kasumigaura and Kintetsu-Tomida.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kintetsu Railway]] Hinotori Service]]
[[File:Shintetsu 6000 series set 6003 20130103.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kobe Electric Railway]]]]

{{col-end}}

===List of cable car/funicular lines===
* [[Keihan Electric Railway]] [[Keihan Cable Line|Cable Line]] (鋼索線), also called Otokoyama Cable (男山ケーブル)
* [[Kintetsu Railway|Kintetsu]]
** [[Ikoma Cable Line]] (Toriimae - Ikoma-Sanjo)
** [[Nishi-Shigi Cable Line]]
** [[Katsuragisan Ropeway]]
* [[Nankai Railway]] [[Nankai Cable Line|Cable Line]] (鋼索線)
* [[Sanyo Electric Railway]] [[Sumaura Ropeway]]
* [[Keifuku Electric Railroad]]
**[[Keifuku Cable Line|Eizan Cable]] (叡山鋼索線)
**[[Eizan Ropeway]] (叡山ロープウェイ)
* [[Nose Electric Railway]] [[Myōken Cable]]

===List of incomplete/abandoned lines===
{{col-start}}
{{col-3}}
*[[Japanese National Railways]]/[[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]]
**[[Osaka Minato Line]]
**[[Osaka Tōkō Line]]
*[[Hanshin Electric Railway]]
**[[Hanshin Kita-Osaka Line|Kita-Osaka Line]]
**[[Hanshin Kokudo Line|Kokudo Line]]
**[[Hanshin Koshien Line|Koshien Line]]
**[[Hanshin Amagasaki Kaigan Line|Amagasaki Kaigan Line]]
**[[Hanshin Mukogawa Line|Mukogawa Line]]
**[[Hanshin Imazu Deyashiki Line|Imazu Deyashiki Line]]
**[[Hanshin Amagasaki Takarazuka Line|Amagasaki Takarazuka Line]]
**[[Daini Hanshin Line]]
*[[Hankai Tramway]]
**[[Hirano Line]]
**[[Ohama Branch Line]]
* [[Hankyu Electric Railway]]
** [[Kitano Line]]
** [[Kamitsutsui Line]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Kintetsu Railway|Kintetsu]]
**Hase Line (長谷線)
**Sanjo Line (山上線)
**Horyuji Line (法隆寺線)
**Obusa Line (小房線)
**Higashi-Shigi Cable Line
**Hokusei Line (北勢線)
* [[Nankai Railway]]
**[[Nankai Tennoji Branch Line|Tennoji Branch Line]] (天王寺支線)
**[[Nankai Kitajima Branch Line|Kitajima Branch Line]] (北島支線)
**Wakayamako Line (和歌山港線)
**Osaka Tram Line (大阪軌道線)
**[[Nankai Hirano Line|Hirano Line]] (平野線)
**[[Nankai Ohama Branch Line|Ohama Branch Line]] (大浜支線)
**[[Wakayama Tram Line]] (和歌山軌道線)

{{col-end}}

===Rail Ridership===
Following table lists annual ridership in millions of passengers a year, average daily in parenthesis.
{|class="wikitable"
!Operator
!Annual (daily) 1993 (peak year)
!Annual (daily) 2007
|-
|[[West Japan Railway Company]] (Kansai Only) || 943 (2,584,000) <ref name="JRridership">[http://pamph.jr-odekake.net/view_pamph2.php?client_id=jr-west&book_id=jrdata2007 JR West 2007 Annual Report p. 76. Accessed March 28, 2009.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325062601/http://pamph.jr-odekake.net/view_pamph2.php?client_id=jr-west&book_id=jrdata2007 |date=March 25, 2010 }}</ref> || 961 (2,633,000) <ref name="JRridership"/>
|-
|[[Kintetsu Railway|Kintetsu]] (Kansai Only) || 806 <ref name="JRridership"/> || 611 <ref name="JRridership"/>
|-
|[[Nankai Railway]] || 310 <ref name="JRridership"/> || 231 <ref name="JRridership"/>
|-
|[[Keihan Railway]] || 419 <ref name="JRridership"/> || 291 <ref name="JRridership"/>
|-
|[[Hankyu Railway]] || 787 <ref name="JRridership"/> || 601 <ref name="JRridership"/>
|-
|[[Hanshin Railway]] || 221 <ref name="JRridership"/> || 162 <ref name="JRridership"/>
|-
!SubTotal !! 2,545 (6,972,000) !! 1,899 (5,202,000)
|-
|[[Osaka Municipal Subway]] || N/A || 2,234,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kotsu.city.osaka.jp/ct/other000012600/100722_no.1kotsu-gaiyou.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-08-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928184815/http://www.kotsu.city.osaka.jp/ct/other000012600/100722_no.1kotsu-gaiyou.pdf |archivedate=2011-09-28 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Semboku Rapid Railway]] || 58 (158,900) || 51.1 (140,100)
|-
|[[Kyoto Municipal Subway]] || || (344,000)
|-
|[[Osaka Monorail]] || || (100,600)
|-
!Totals !! - !! 3,037 (8,320,700)
|}
Note above table does not yet include figures for Kobe Municipal Subway, Kitakyu, Kobe New Transit, Kobe Rapid, Noseden, or Shintetsu.

== Buses ==
[[File:Kyoto City Bus 200 Ka 1519.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kyoto]] City Bus]]
There are numerous private and public bus companies with hundreds of routes throughout the region. Most bus routes complement existing rail service to form an effective intermodal transit network.

== Taxis ==
Taxis also serve a similar role to buses, supplementing the rail system, especially after midnight when most rail lines cease to operate. Persons moving around the city on business often chose taxis for convenience, as do people setting out in small groups.

== Roads ==
[[File:Route 1 Loop Route.JPG|thumb|[[Loop Route]] of the [[Hanshin Expressway]] at [[Shinanobashi]], [[Osaka]]]]
National, prefectural, and local roads crisscross the region.

=== Local and regional highways ===
*[[Japan National Route 1|National Route 1]]
*[[Japan National Route 2|National Route 2]]
*[[Japan National Route 8|National Route 8]]
*[[Japan National Route 9|National Route 9]]
*[[Japan National Route 24|National Route 24]] ([[Kyoto]] - [[Nara Prefecture]] - [[Wakayama Prefecture]])
*[[Japan National Route 25|National Route 25]] (Osaka - Nara - Nagoya)
*[[Japan National Route 26|National Route 26]] (Osaka - Wakayama)
*[[Japan National Route 28|National Route 28]] (Kobe - [[Awaji, Hyogo|Awaji]] - [[Tokushima, Tokushima]])
*[[Japan National Route 171|National Route 171]] (Kobe - Kyoto, [[San'yōdō]])
*[[Japan National Route 423|National Route 423]] (Osaka - Senri - [[Kameoka, Kyoto|Kameoka]], "New-[[Midōsuji]]")

=== Expressways ===
* [[Hanshin Expressway]]
* [[Meishin Expressway]] ([[AH1|Asian Highway 1]])
** [[Shin-Meishin Expressway]]
* [[Chūgoku Expressway]] ([[AH1|Asian Highway 1]])
* [[Sanyō Expressway]]
* [[Kinki Expressway]]
* [[Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway]] (to [[Maizuru, Kyoto|Maizuru]])
* [[Nishi-Meihan Expressway]] (to [[Nara Prefecture]], [[Nagoya]])
* [[Hanwa Expressway]] (to [[Wakayama Prefecture]])
* [[Keinawa Expressway]]
* [[Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway]] (to [[Tokushima Prefecture]])
* [[Kyoto Jūkan Expressway]] (to [[Miyazu, Kyoto|Miyazu]])

== Maritime transport==
[[File:Aska2 Kobe12s3200.jpg|thumb|[[Port of Kobe]]]]

=== Passenger ferries ===
[[Osaka]]'s international ferry connections are far greater than [[Tokyo]]'s, mostly due to geography. There are international ferries that leave Osaka for [[Shanghai]], [[Korea]], and until recently [[Taiwan]]. Osaka's domestic ferry services include regular service to ports such as [[Shimonoseki]], [[Kagoshima]], and [[Okinawa]].

=== Shipping ===
Shipping plays a crucial role for moving freight in and out of the Keihanshin area. Although in the 1970s the port of Kobe was the busiest in the world by containers handled, it no longer ranks among the top twenty worldwide. Kansai area is home to 5 existing [[List of LNG terminals|LNG terminals]].
* [[Port of Kobe]]
* [[Port of Osaka]]
* Port of [[Sakai, Osaka|Sakai]]-Senboku (In [[Osaka Prefecture]])
* Port of [[Himeji, Hyōgo|Himeji]]

==Other modes==
{{main|Two-wheeler usage in Japan|Walking in Japan}}
{{expand section|date=November 2014}}
Greater Osaka is little different from the rest of Japan in the other modes of transport.

The first automated bicycle system in the region was installed at the North Exit of [[Nishinomiya Station (Hanshin)]] in 2010, capable of handling 414 bicycles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jfe-eng.co.jp/en/products/machine/logistics/lo09.html|title = Multilevel bicycle parking system Cycle Tree | Industrial Machinery | Products & Services | JFE Engineering Corporation}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Transport in Greater Tokyo]]
* [[Transport in Greater Nagoya]]
* [[Transport in Fukuoka-Kitakyūshū]]
* [[List of urban rail systems in Japan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/kzaral/3372201325/sizes/l/in/set-72157615721350412/ Keihanshin Railway Network Map]
* [https://kansaionepass.com/en/railway_map.html Kansai Railway Network Map] - Kansai One Pass
* [https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/sign/numbering/en/map/kinki/index.html Expressway Numbering Route Map] - [[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]] (MLIT)
* [http://www.pa.kkr.mlit.go.jp/en/index.html Port and Airport Department] - Kinki Regional Development Bureau, MLIT

{{Osaka transit}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Keihanshin}}
[[Category:Transport in Japan]]
[[Category:Transport in Osaka Prefecture]]
[[Category:Transport in Hyōgo Prefecture]]
[[Category:Transport in Kyoto Prefecture]]
[[Category:Keihanshin]]

Itō Station

2022-04-07T23:31:48Z

202.255.28.252:

{{short description|Railway station in Itō, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{JRSN|JT|26|size=50}} {{IQSN|01|size=48}} Itō Station
| native_name = 伊東駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image =Ito station.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Itō Station in December 2016
| other_name =
| address = Yukawa 3-chome, Itō-shi, Shizuoka-ken
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|34.974789|N|139.092161|E|type:railwaystation_region:JP_source:jawiki|display=inline, title}}
| operator = {{Plainlist|
* [[File:JR logo (east).svg|20px]] [[JR East]]
* [[File:Izukyu logo.jpg|40px]] [[Izukyū Corporation]]
* [[File:JR logo (freight).svg|20px]] [[Japan Freight Railway Company|JR Freight]]
}}
| line = {{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JT|size=20}} [[Itō Line]]
* [[File:Izukyu logo.jpg|40px]] [[Izu Kyūkō Line]]
}}
| distance = 13.0 kilometers from {{STN|Atami}}
| platforms = 2 side platforms
| connections =
| structure =
| code = JT26, IZ01
| status = Staffed ("[[Midori no Madoguchi]]")
| website = {{Official|1=http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=143}}
| opened = December 15, 1938
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 7822 daily (JR); 5316 (Izukyu)
| pass_year = FY2017
| map_type = Japan Shizuoka Prefecture#Japan
| map_dot_label = Itō Station
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=JR East|line1=Saphir Odoriko|through-left1=Izukyū Corporation|right1=Atami|note-right1={{JRSN|JT|21|size=25}}
|line2=Odoriko|through-left2=Izukyū Corporation|right2=Ajiro|note-right2={{JRSN|JT|24|size=25}}
|line3=Ito|through-left3=Izukyū Corporation|right3=Usami|note-right3={{JRSN|JT|25|size=30}}
|system4=Izukyu|line4=Saphir Odoriko/Odoriko|left4=Izu-Kōgen|note-left4={{IQSN|06|size=23}}|through-right4=JR East
|line5=Izu Kyoko|left5=Minami-Itō|note-left5={{IQSN|02|size=28}}|through-right5=JR East
}}
}}
{{nihongo|'''Itō Station'''|伊東駅| Itō-eki}} is a railway station located in the city of [[Itō, Shizuoka]], [[Japan]] operated by the [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East), with the [[Izukyū Corporation]]'s [[Izu Kyūkō Line]] as a tenant running a through service. It also has a freight depot for the [[Japan Freight Railway Company]].

==Lines==
Itō Station is the terminal station of the [[Itō Line]], and is located 16.9 kilometers from the opposing terminus of the line at [[Atami Station]] and 121.5 kilometers from [[Tokyo Station]].

==Station layout==
Itō Station has a single [[island platform]] serving Track 1 and Track 2 and a single [[side platform]] serving Track 3. The platforms are connected by an [[underpass]]. The Izu Kyūkō trains use the outer Tracks 1 and 3, whereas the Itō Line pulls into Track 2, and reverses out in the opposite direction. The station building has automated [[ticket machine]]s and [[Suica]] and [[PASMO]] automated [[turnstile]]s as well as a "[[Midori no Madoguchi]]" staffed ticket office.

===Platforms===
{{jpf|first=2|pfn=1|name=Izu Kyūkō Line|col=deepskyblue|dir=for {{STN|Izu-Kōgen}}, {{STN|Izu-Atagawa}}, {{STN|Izu-Inatori}}, {{STN|Kawazu}} and {{STN|Izukyū Shimoda}}}}
{{jpfm|pfn=2|Lspan=2|name=Itō Line|imgfile={{JRLS|JT}}|dir=(Reversing and letting faster trains pass only)}}
{{jpfm|name=Itō Line|imgfile={{JRLS|JT}}|dir=for {{STN|Atami}} (Night time only)}}
{{jpfm|pfn=3|Lspan=2|name=Itō Line ([[Tōkaidō Line]]・[[Ueno-Tokyo Line]])|imgfile={{JRLS|JT}}|dir=for Atami, {{STN|Yokohama}}, {{STN|Tōkyō}}, {{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}}, {{STN|Utsunomiya}} (via {{JRLS|JU}} Utsunomiya Line), {{STN|Kagohara}} (via {{JRLS|JU}} Takasaki Line)}}
{{jpfm|first=3|name=Izu Kyūkō Line|col=deepskyblue|dir=for Izu-Kōgen, Izu-Atagawa, Izu-Inatori, Kawazu, Izukyū Shimoda}}

== History ==
Itō Station opened on December 15, 1938 when the section of the Itō Line linking {{STN|Ajiro}} with Itō was completed. On December 10, 1961, Izu Kyūkō began operations on a line linking Itō with [[Shimoda, Shizuoka|Shimoda]]. Freight services were discontinued from October 1, 1980, but were resumed on March 31, 1987. On April 1, 1987 along with division and [[privatization]] of the [[Japan National Railway]], East Japan Railway Company started operating this station.

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2017, the JR portion of station was used by an average of 7822 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="jreast2017stats">{{cite web |url= https://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2018_03.html|script-title=ja: 各駅の乗車人員 (2017年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2017)|year= 2018|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 5 July 2016}}</ref> The Izukyu portion of the station was used by 5316 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="shizuokastats">{{cite web |url= https://toukei.pref.shizuoka.jp/toukeikikakuhan/page/nenkan/documents/h29_11_06.pdf|script-title=ja:静岡県統計年鑑2017|year= 2017|publisher= Shizuoka Prefecture|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 5 July 2019}}</ref>

==Surrounding area==
* Itō Onsen

==See also==
* [[List of Railway Stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Itō Station}}
*{{in lang|ja}} [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=143 Official home page]

{{Ito Line}}
{{Izu Kyuko Line}}

{{ja-linecat|East Japan Railway Company|Izu Kyūkō}}
{{ja-linecat2|Itō Line|Izu Kyūkō Line|idx=Ito}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1938]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Shizuoka Prefecture]]
[[Category:Itō Line]]
[[Category:Izu Kyūkō Line]]
[[Category:Stations of East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Stations of Japan Freight Railway Company]]
[[Category:Itō, Shizuoka]]

Odoriko

2022-04-07T23:25:30Z

202.255.28.252: /* Resort Odoriko */

{{Short description|Japanese limited express train service}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = ''Odoriko''
| image = Series-E257-NA11 Odoriko.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = E257-2000 series ''Odoriko'', August 2021
| type = [[Limited express]]
| status =
| locale = [[Tokyo]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], and [[Shizuoka Prefecture]]
| predecessor =
| first = 1 October 1981 (''Odoriko'') 28 April 1990 (''Super View Odoriko'') 14 March 2020 (''Saphir Odoriko'')
| last = 13 March 2020 (''Super View Odoriko'') 12 March 2021 (''185 series'')<ref name="news web">[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/shutoken-news/20210312/1000061531.html 特急「踊り子」１８５系引退へ-首都圏 NEWS WEB]</ref>
| successor =
| operator = [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) [[Central Japan Railway Company]] (JR Central) [[Izukyu Corporation]] [[Izuhakone Railway]]
| formeroperator= [[JNR]]
| ridership =
| start = {{STN|Tokyo}} or {{STN|Ikebukuro}}
| stops =
| end = {{STN|Izukyu-Shimoda}} or {{STN|Shuzenji}}
| distance =
| journeytime =
| frequency =
| trainnumber =
| line_used = [[Tōkaidō Main Line]], [[Itō Line]], [[Izu Kyūkō Line]], [[Sunzu Line]]
| class = Standard + Green
| access =
| seating =
| catering =
| observation =
| entertainment=
| otherfacilities=
| stock = [[E257 series|E257-2000 series]] EMU (''Odoriko'') [[E261 series]] EMU (''Saphir Odoriko'') [[185 series]] EMU (''Odoriko'') isn't going to run as ''Odoriko'' on spring 2021<ref>[https://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2020/20201112_ho02.pdf announcement of discontinuing to use type 185 on 12 November 2020]</ref>
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm}}
| el = 1,500 V DC overhead
| speed = {{Convert|110|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}} (''Odoriko'')
{{Convert|120|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}} (''Saphir Odoriko'')
| owners =
| routenumber =
| map =
| map_state =
}}

'''Odoriko''' ({{lang-ja|踊り子}}) is a [[limited express]] train service in Japan operated by the [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East), [[Central Japan Railway Company]] (JR Central), [[Izukyū Corporation|Izukyu Corporation]], and [[Izuhakone Railway]], which runs between {{STN|Tokyo}} and {{STN|Izukyū-Shimoda}} or {{STN|Shuzenji}} in [[Shizuoka Prefecture]].

==Summary==
The ''Odoriko'' started service from October 1981, with the then-new [[185 series]] rolling stock, replacing the earlier ''Amagi'' limited express (run by the [[183 series]]) and the ''Izu'' express (run by the [[153 series]]). After that, the ''Super View Odoriko'' also operated from April 1990 to 13 March 2020, with the [[251 series]] rolling stock. On 14 March 2020, ''Saphir Odoriko'' started service using [[E261 series]] [[electric multiple unit|EMU]]s.

== Regular services ==

=== ''Odoriko'' ===
3 services operate back and forth every day between {{STN|Tokyo}} and [[Izukyū Shimoda Station|Izukyu-Shimoda]]. 2 of which are coupled with services that go to [[Shuzenji Station|Shuzenji]] (decoupled at Atami). Vending services are available between Tokyo and [[Itō Station|Ito]], but aren't available aboard temporary services. Aside from that, there are temporary services originating from [[Shinjuku Station|Shinjuku]] or [[Ikebukuro Station|Ikebukuro]]. Also, with the [[Ueno–Tokyo Line|Ueno-Tokyo Line]] opening in March 2015, there are temporary services originating at [[Abiko Station (Chiba)|Abiko]], via the [[Jōban Line|Joban Line]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2014/20150115.pdf|title=JR East Press Release "About spring extra services"|date=23 January 2015}}</ref> and also at [[Ōmiya Station (Saitama)|Omiya]], via the Ueno-Tokyo Line.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2015/20150516.pdf|title=JR East Press Release "About summer extra services"|date=22 May 2015}}</ref>

==== Stations served ====

; <nowiki>Tokyo ー Izukyu-Shimoda:</nowiki>
: [[Tokyo Station|Tokyo]] ー [[Shinagawa Station|Shinagawa]] ー [[Kawasaki Station|Kawasaki]] ー [[Yokohama Station|Yokohama]] ー [[Ōfuna Station|Ofuna]] ー [[Odawara Station|Odawara]] ー [[Yugawara Station|Yugawara]] ー [[Atami Station|Atami]] ー [[Ajiro Station|Ajiro]] ー [[Itō Station|Ito]] ー [[Izu-Kōgen Station|Izu-Kogen]] ー [[Izu-Atagawa Station|Izu-Atagawa]] ー [[Izu-Inatori Station|Izu-Inatori]] ー [[Kawazu Station|Kawazu]] ー [[Izukyū Shimoda Station|Izukyu-Shimoda]]
; <nowiki>Atami ー Shuzenji:</nowiki>
: (Coupled, and continue on towards Tokyo) ー Atami ー [[Mishima Station|Mishima]] ー [[Mishima-Tamachi Station|Mishima-Tamachi]] ー [[Daiba Station (Shizuoka)|Daiba]] ー [[Izu-Nagaoka Station|Izu-Nagaoka]] ー [[Ōhito Station|Ohito]] ー [[Shuzenji Station|Shuzenji]]

===== Temporary services =====

; <nowiki>Ikebukuro ー Yokohama:</nowiki>
: [[Ikebukuro Station|Ikebukuro]] ー [[Shinjuku Station|Shinjuku]] ー [[Musashi-Kosugi Station|Musashi-Kosugi]] ー Yokohama ー (Continue on towards Izukyu-Shimoda)
; <nowiki>Abiko ー Tokyo:</nowiki>
: [[Abiko Station (Chiba)|Abiko]] ー [[Kashiwa Station|Kashiwa]] ー [[Matsudo Station|Matsudo]] ー [[Kita-Senju Station|Kita-Senju]] ー [[Ueno Station|Ueno]] ー Tokyo ー (Continue on towards Izukyu-Shimoda)
; <nowiki>Omiya ー Tokyo:</nowiki>
:[[Ōmiya Station (Saitama)|Omiya]] ー [[Urawa Station|Urawa]] ー [[Akabane Station|Akabane]] ー Ueno ー Tokyo ー (Continue on towards Izukyu-Shimoda)
[[File:Series185-OM08 Tokaido-Line.jpg|thumb|JR East [[185 series]] ''Odoriko'' service on the Tōkaidō Main Line]]

==== Formation ====
Services are operated by 5, 7, 5+7, 10 and 10+5-car 185 series EMUs. The 15 car formation makes the ''Odoriko'' the longest Limited Express train running in Japan (excluding shinkansen trains).<ref name="kotsu2008">{{cite book | title = JR新幹線＆特急列車ファイル |trans-title= JR Shinkansen & Limited Express Train File| publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun | year = 2008 | location = Japan | isbn = 978-4-330-00608-6}}</ref> They are formed as follows, with car 1 at the Izukyū-Shimoda/Shuzenji end.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ 185 series (7+5 cars)
!Car No. !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 1 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 2 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 3 !! style="background: #E6FFE6"| 4 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 11 !! 12 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 13 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 14 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 15
|-
!Accommodation
| style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #F5FFF5"| Green || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || Non-reserved || Non-reserved || Non-reserved || Non-reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved
|-
! Set
| colspan="7" |Basic set
| colspan="5" |Additional set
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 185 series (10+5 cars)
!Car No. !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 1 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 2 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 3 !! style="background: #E6FFE6"| 4 !! style="background: #E6FFE6"| 5 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 6 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 7 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 13 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 14 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 15
|-
!Accommodation
| style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #F5FFF5"| Green || style="background: #F5FFF5"| Green || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || Non-reserved || Non-reserved || Non-reserved || Non-reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved
|-
! Set
| colspan="10" |Basic set
| colspan="5" |Additional set
|}

=== ''Saphir Odoriko'' ===
[[File:JRE-Series-E261_RS2.jpg|thumb|right|[[E261 series]] train set on the Izu Kyūkō Line]]
The '''''Saphir Odoriko''''' ({{lang-ja|サフィール踊り子|links=no}}) commenced operations on 14 March 2020 to replace the ''Super View Odoriko'' as an ultra-deluxe version of the regular ''Odoriko''. One ''Saphir Odoriko'' service runs to and from Tokyo station daily. During the peak travel season, an additional service runs from {{STN|Tokyo}} during weekdays, and runs from {{STN|Shinjuku}} during weekends.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stops and timetables｜SAPHIR ODORIKO｜JR-EAST|url=https://www.jreast.co.jp/saphir/en/cars/station/|access-date=2021-02-19|website=www.jreast.co.jp|language=en}}</ref>

'''Stations served'''

'''Tokyo - Izukyu-Shimoda'''

{{STN|Tokyo}} - {{STN|Shinagawa}} - {{STN|Yokohama}} - {{STN|Atami}} - {{STN|Ito}} - {{STN|Izu-Kogen}} - {{STN|Izu-Atagawa}} -{{STN|Izu-Inatori}} - {{STN|Kawazu}} - {{STN|Izukyu-Shimoda}}

'''Shinjuku > Izukyu-Shimoda (seasonal service)'''

{{STN|Shinjuku}} - {{STN|Shibuya}} - {{STN|Musashi-Kosugi}} - {{STN|Yokohama}} - {{STN|Atami}} - {{STN|Ito}} - {{STN|Izu-Kogen}} - {{STN|Izu-Atagawa}} - {{STN|Izu-Inatori}} - {{STN|Kawazu}} - {{STN|Izukyu-Shimoda}}

* Seasonal service from Shinjuku (''Saphir Odoriko 5'') does not have return service to Shinjuku, service will return towards Tokyo (''Saphir Odoriko 4'')

'''Formation'''

Trains are operated by [[E261 series]] trainsets. The trains feature all Green Cars, with Car 1 designated as a 'Premium Green Car' with 2 large reclining seats per row.<ref>[https://mainichi.jp/articles/20180509/k00/00m/040/043000c 新型の観光特急列車　初の全車両グリーン席] (New sightseeing limited express, first train ever with all green cars) Mainichi Shimbun, 8 May 2018</ref>

The ''Saphir Odoriko'' does not operate from {{STN|Ikebukuro}}, {{STN|Omiya|Saitama}} or {{STN|Abiko|Chiba}} as the former ''Super View Odoriko'' used to. These services were consolidated with the regular ''Odoriko'' services.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191213080612/https://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2019/20191213_ho01.pdf (About the March 2020 schedule revision) JR East, 13 December 2019]</ref><ref name="jreast.co.jp">[https://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2019/yokohama/20200228_y01.pdf (Superview Odoriko last run and photo opportunity) 28 February 2020]</ref>

==Temporary services==
[[File:Izukyu 2100-Resort-Odoriko.JPG|thumb|Izu Kyuko 2100 series EMU on a ''Resort Odoriko'' service at Yokohama Station]]

=== ''Resort Odoriko'' ===
The '''''Resort Odoriko''''' ({{lang-ja|リゾート踊り子|links=no}}) is a temporary service, which operates between Tokyo and Izukyū-Shimoda. The service normally consists of one outbound journey to Izukyu-Shimoda at special holidays only.<ref name="kotsu2008" />

==== Stations served ====

;<nowiki>Tokyo ー Izukyu-Shimoda:</nowiki>
:[[Tokyo Station|Tokyo]] ー [[Yokohama Station|Yokohama]] ー [[Ōfuna Station|Ofuna]] ー [[Odawara Station|Odawara]] ー [[Yugawara Station|Yugawara]] ー [[Atami Station|Atami]] ー [[Ajiro Station|Ajiro]] ー [[Itō Station|Ito]] ー [[Izu-Kōgen Station|Izu-Kogen]] ー [[Izu-Atagawa Station|Izu-Atagawa]] ー [[Izu-Inatori Station|Izu-Inatori]] ー [[Kawazu Station|Kawazu]] ー [[Izukyū Shimoda Station|Izukyu-Shimoda]]

==== Formation ====
''Resort Odoriko'' services operate using [[Izukyū Corporation|Izukyū]] 2100 series "Resort 21" 8-car EMUs, formed as shown below, where car 1 at the Izukyū-Shimoda end, and car 8 at the Tokyo end.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Izukyu 2100 series "Resort 21" (8 cars)
!Car No. !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 1 !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 2 !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 3 !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 4 !! style="background: #E6FFE6" | 5 !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 6 !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 7 !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 8
|-
!Accommodation
| style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved, Observation deck || style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved || style="background: #F5FFF5" | Green || style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved, Observation deck
|}

== Former services ==

=== ''Super View Odoriko'' ===
The '''''Super View Odoriko'''''({{lang-ja|スーパービュー踊り子|links=no}}) was the first deluxe version of the ''Odoriko'' operated from 28 April 1990 to 13 March 2020.<ref name="kousai1997">{{cite book|title=JR特急10年の歩み|date=May 1997|publisher=Kousai Shuppansha|isbn=4-330-45697-4|location=Japan|pages=49–50|language=ja|trans-title=10 Years of JR Limited Express Trains}}</ref><ref name="jreast.co.jp"/> It used [[251 series]] 10-car EMUs and runs between Tokyo or {{STN|Ikebukuro}} and Izukyū-Shimoda.<ref name="kotsu2008" /> The service was originally scheduled to commence from the start of the revised timetable on 10 March 1990, but rolling stock delivery delays meant that services were substituted by regular ''Odoriko'' services using 185 series EMUs.<ref name="kousai1997" />

On weekdays, one train operated from Shinjuku to Izukyu-Shimoda, 2 trains operated back and forth between Tokyo and Izukyu-Shimoda, and one train operated from Izukyu-Shimoda to Ikebukuro each day.

On weekends, the Shinjuku-originating train changed originating station to Ikebukuro. Aside from that, services from Shinjuku to Izukyu-Shimoda and from Izukyu-Shimoda to Tokyo operated once a day. Moreover, during busy seasons, there were numerous extra services, with one extended service between Omiya and Izukyu-Shimoda, which ran along the Shonan-Shinjuku Line from Omiya to Yokohama; 2 trains from Tokyo to Izukyu-Shimoda, with only 1 returning to Tokyo; and one train from Izukyu-Shimoda to Shinjuku.

==== Stations served ====
Stations in brackets meant that some services made stop there.

; <nowiki>Tokyo ー Izukyu-Shimoda:</nowiki>
: {{STN|Tokyo}} ー ({{STN|Shinagawa}}) ー [[Yokohama Station|Yokohama]] ー ([[Odawara Station|Odawara]]) ー ([[Yugawara Station|Yugawara]]) ー [[Atami Station|Atami]] ー ([[Ajiro Station|Ajiro]]) ー [[Itō Station|Ito]] ー [[Izu-Kōgen Station|Izu-Kogen]] ー [[Izu-Atagawa Station|Izu-Atagawa]] ー [[Izu-Inatori Station|Izu-Inatori]] ー [[Kawazu Station|Kawazu]] ー [[Izukyū Shimoda Station|Izukyu-Shimoda]]
:* Only ''Super View Odoriko'' No. 5 and No. 8 stopped at Shinagawa.
:* Only ''Super View Odoriko'' No. 2 and No. 11 stopped at Odawara, Yugawara and Ajiro.
; <nowiki>Ikebukuro ー Yokohama:</nowiki>
: [[Ikebukuro Station|Ikebukuro]] ー [[Shinjuku Station|Shinjuku]] ー [[Musashi-Kosugi Station|Musashi-Kosugi]] ー Yokohama ー (Continue on towards Izukyu-Shimoda)

===== Temporary services =====

; <nowiki>Omiya ー Ikebukuro:</nowiki>
: [[Ōmiya Station (Saitama)|Omiya]] ー [[Urawa Station|Urawa]] ー [[Akabane Station|Akabane]] ー Ikebukuro ー (Continue on towards Izukyu-Shimoda)

[[File:Series251.jpg|thumb|JR East 251 series EMU on a ''Super View Odoriko'' service between Totsuka and Ofuna stations]]

====Formation====
''Super View Odoriko'' trains were operated with 251 series trains, with cars 1, 2 and 10 being double decker cars. Trains were formed as follows, with car 1 at the Izukyū-Shimoda end, and car 10 at the Tokyo and Shinjuku end.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 251 series (10 cars)
! Car No. !! style="background: #E6FFE6" | 1 !! style="background: #E6FFE6" | 2 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 3 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 4 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 5 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 6 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 7 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 8 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 9 !! style="background: #FFF2E6"| 10
|-
! Numbering
| style="background: #F5FFF5" | KuRo 250 || style="background: #F5FFF5" | SaRo 251 || style="background: #FFFAF5"| MoHa 250 || style="background: #FFFAF5"| MoHa 251-100 || style="background: #FFFAF5"| MoHa 250-100 || style="background: #FFFAF5"| MoHa 251 || style="background: #FFFAF5"| MoHa 250 || style="background: #FFFAF5"| MoHa 251 || style="background: #FFFAF5"| SaHa 251 || style="background: #FFFAF5"| KuHa 251
|-
! rowspan="2" |Accommodation
| style="background: #F5FFF5" | Green, Observation deck
| style="background: #F5FFF5" | Green
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved　
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved
| style="background: #FFFAF5"| Reserved, Observation deck
|-
| style="background: #FFFAF5"| Green Car exclusive lounge
| style="background: #F5FFF5" | Compartments
| style="background: #ffe6ff" | Children's play area
|}{{-}}

===''Marine Express Odoriko''===
From 1 December 2012, seasonal '''''Marine Express Odoriko'''''({{lang-ja|マリンエクスプレス踊り子|links=no}}) services were introduced, running between Tokyo and Izukyū-Shimoda. The service normally consisted of one return journey at weekends only.<ref name="jreast20121019">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2012/20121010.pdf|script-title=ja:冬の増発列車のお知らせ|trans-title= Details of additional winter trains|date= 19 October 2012|work= News release|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 22 October 2012}}</ref> JR East announced that from the start of the revised timetable on 14 March 2020, ''Marine Express Odoriko'' services would be discontinued as they were surplus to requirements.<ref name="railf.jp">{{cite web |url= https://railf.jp/news/2020/03/09/171239.html|script-title=ja:マリンエクスプレス踊り子運転終了|trans-title= Marine Express Odoriko operation end|date= 9 March 2020|work= News release|publisher= Japan Railfan Magazine|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 14 March 2020}}</ref>
[[File:JR East E259 Series "Marine Express Odoriko".jpg|thumb|A JR East E259 series 6-car EMU on a special ''Marine Express Odoriko'' limited express service, passing Shin-koyasu Station on the Keihin-Tohoku Line]]

==== Stations served ====

;<nowiki>Tokyo ー Izukyu-Shimoda:</nowiki>
:[[Tokyo Station|Tokyo]] (Tokaido Line Platform) ー [[Yokohama Station|Yokohama]] ー [[Atami Station|Atami]] ー [[Itō Station|Ito]] ー [[Izu-Kōgen Station|Izu-Kogen]] ー [[Izu-Atagawa Station|Izu-Atagawa]] ー [[Izu-Inatori Station|Izu-Inatori]] ー [[Kawazu Station|Kawazu]] ー [[Izukyū Shimoda Station|Izukyu-Shimoda]]

==== Formation ====
''Marine Express Odoriko'' services operated using [[E259 series]] 6-car EMUs normally used on ''[[Narita Express]]'' services. The formation is shown below, where car 1 at the Izukyū-Shimoda end, and car 6 at the Tokyo end.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ E259 series (6 cars)
!Car No. !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 1 !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 2 !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 3 !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 4 !! style="background: #FFF2E6" | 5!! style="background: #E6FFE6" | 6
|-
!Accommodation
| style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved || style="background: #FFFAF5" | Reserved|| style="background: #F5FFF5" | Green
|}{{-}}

== History ==
The limited express service was inaugurated on 1 October 1981 following the introduction of the then-new [[185 series]] EMUs, replacing the earlier ''Amagi'' limited express and ''Izu'' express services from Tokyo to Izu.<ref name="dj332">{{cite magazine|last=Miyake|first=Toshihiko|date=December 2011|title=伊豆への優等列車のあゆみ|trans-title=History of premier trains to Izu|magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine|location=Japan|publisher=Kōtsū Shimbun|volume=40|issue=332|pages=24–31}}</ref><gallery>
File:183 Odoriko Izukyu-Shimoda 198203.jpg|An ''Odoriko'' service in 1982 formed of a 183 series EMU
File:EF5861 Odoriko.jpg|EF58 61 hauling the Limited Express ''Odoriko'' at Ofuna station
</gallery>
The ''Superview Odoriko'' operated from April 1990<ref name="neko2009">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR全車輌ハンドブック2009 |trans-title=JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2009| publisher = Neko Publishing| year = 2009| location = Japan| isbn = 978-4-7770-0836-0|title=Jēāru zensharyō handobukku: Rail Magazine 2009}}</ref> until 13 March 2020. The ''Saphir Odoriko'' has been operating since 14 March 2020.<ref name="railfan15032020">{{cite web |url=https://railf.jp/news/2020/03/15/201500.html |title=特急"サフィール踊り子"が運転を開始 |trans-title=Limited express "Saphir Odoriko" starts operation |date=15 March 2020 |work=Japan Railfan Magazine Online |publisher=Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location=Japan |language=ja |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315165510/https://railf.jp/news/2020/03/15/201500.html |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Future development ==
Since the current rolling stock, the 185 series, is aging, there are plans to replace it.

The 185 series are beginning to be replaced by new [[E257-2000]] series trains that used to operate ''[[Azusa (train)|Azusa]]'' and [[Kaiji (train)|''Kaiji'']] limited express services on the [[Chūō Main Line|Chuo Main Line]], and were themselves replaced by [[E353 series]] trains. JR East plans to have all 185 series trains operating on the ''Odoriko'' service replaced by March 12 2021.<ref name="news web" />

JR East has also announced changes to the reserved seating on ''Odoriko'' services coinciding with the full retirement of 185 series EMUs from the service. Trains will now use LED seat reservation status indicators, rather than having dedicated non-reserved seat cars. This is the same system used by limited express services on the [[Chūō Main Line|Chūō Line]] and [[Jōban Line]]. There will be two types of such supplementary tickets in the new system, namely the Reserved Seat Ticket ({{lang-ja|座席指定券|links=no}}, {{IPA-ja|''Zaseki shitei ken''}}), and the Unreserved Seat Ticket ({{lang-ja|座席未指定券|links=no}}, {{IPA-ja|''Zaseki mishitei ken''}}). The Unreserved Seat Ticket will replace Non-reserved Seat tickets ({{lang-ja|自由席券|links=no}}, {{IPA-ja|''Jiyūseki ken''}}), which currently allow use of non-reserved cars.<ref>[https://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2020/20201112_ho02.pdf 東海道線特急が新しく生まれ変わります]</ref>

The Reserved Seat Ticket enables '''a specified seat''' to be reserved for the holder. The reserved status for the seat is signified by a '''green''' overhead lamp on top of the corresponding seat.

The Unreserved Seat Ticket enables the holder to be seated on '''any unreserved seat'''. A '''red''' overhead lamp signifies that the seat is unreserved; while a '''yellow''' overhead lamp signifies that the seat is reserved for the later part of the journey, implying that one has to give up their seat to the passenger who has reserved the seat, when they board the train later.

Additionally, [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]] passengers currently receive a discount if they transfer to an ''Odoriko'' service. This will be discontinued in March 2021.

== Namesake ==
The word ''odoriko'' means ''dancing girl'' in Japanese. The train service was named after the title of novel ''[[The Dancing Girl of Izu|Izu no Odoriko]]'' (''The Dancing Girl of Izu'') by [[Yasunari Kawabata]]. The stage of the novel is the destination of the train, [[Izu Peninsula]].

There are numerous services operating between Tokyo and the Izu Peninsula, which had all been discontinued and became the ''Odoriko'' limited express today.

* ''Amagi''「あまぎ」, named after [[Mount Amagi]], the mountain at the center of the Izu Peninsula.
* ''Ikoi''「いこい」, derived from the Japanese verb "ikou" (憩う, いこう), which literally means to relax and rest (In this case, relax in the local [[onsen]]s at Izu).
* ''Izu''「伊豆」, named after the [[Izu Peninsula]], and also the former [[Izu Province]].
* ''Ideyu''「いでゆ」, meaning hot springs, which are prominent at Izu.
* ''Okuizu''「おくいず」, referring to the inner part (i.e. the southern part) of Izu.
* ''Olympia''「オリンピア」, referring to the [[Olympic Games]].
* ''Jukkoku''「十国」, named after the [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jukkoku+Pass/@35.1241483,139.0067724,13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x6019bd877220b557:0x5acc11b6ecd94d21!8m2!3d35.1296247!4d139.0422634 Jukkoku Pass], a ridge between [[Atami]] and [[Kannami]]. The pass is called "Jukkoku" (literally: 10 provinces), because from there, 10 provinces can actually be viewed, namely [[Sagami Province|Sagami]], [[Musashi Province|Musashi]], [[Awa Province (Chiba)|Awa]], [[Kazusa Province|Kazusa]], [[Shimōsa Province|Shimosa]], [[Suruga Province|Suruga]], [[Tōtōmi Province|Totomi]], [[Shinano Province|Shinano]], [[Kai Province|Kai]] and [[Izu Province|Izu]] Provinces.
* ''Shonan-Nikko''「湘南日光」, as this former service links the [[Shōnan|Shonan region]] to [[Nikkō, Tochigi|Nikko]].
* ''Joban-Izu''「常磐伊豆」, as this former service links Izu to the Joban region ({{lang-ja|常磐地域|links=no}}), which refers to the combined region of the former [[Hitachi Province]] ({{lang-ja|'''常'''陸国|links=no}}) and the [[Iwaki Province (1868)|Iwaki Province]] ({{lang-ja|'''磐'''城国|links=no}}), to Izu.
* ''Tachibana''「たちばな」, Japanese for mandarin oranges, which is a major agricultural product at Izu.
* ''Chiyoda''「ちよだ」, named after the [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda district]], where the Imperial Palace is located.
* ''Hatsushima''「はつしま」, named after [[Hatsushima]], an island 10 km east of Atami.

==See also==
* [[List of named passenger trains of Japan]]

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* JR Timetable, March 2008 issue
* {{cite magazine| last = Satō| first = Yoshihiko | title = スーパー・リゾートトレイン JR東日本251系 "スーパービュー踊り子"|trans-title= Super resort train: JR East 251 series ''Super View Odoriko''|magazine=[[Japan Railfan Magazine]] | volume = 30| page =13| publisher = Kōyūsha Co., Ltd.| location = Japan | date = June 1990}}
* {{cite magazine| last = Ōkuma| first = Takao | title = １８５系電車の登場の背景とそのメカニズム|trans-title= Background to the arrival of the 185 series EMU|magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine | volume = 37|pages=12–46| publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun | location = Japan | date = February 2008}}
{{refend}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Odoriko (train)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080119171029/http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/express/185odoriko.html JR East 185 series ''Odoriko''] {{in lang|ja}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090303092035/http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/express/251.html JR East 251 series ''Super View Odoriko''] {{in lang|ja}}

{{JR East trains}}

[[Category:Named passenger trains of Japan]]
[[Category:East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Tōkaidō Main Line]]
[[Category:Izu Kyūkō Line]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1981]]

ITX-Saemaeul

2022-04-01T07:40:54Z

202.255.28.252: /* Lines served */

{{short description|South Korean train}}
{{refimprove|date=June 2020}}
{{for|the former Express-class|Saemaeul-ho}}
{{Infobox rail service
| box_width = 300px
| name = ITX-Saemaeul
| color = 8B0000
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = File:ITX-Saemaeul train.jpg
| image_width = 330px
| caption =
| type = [[Inter-city rail]] ([[Higher-speed rail]])
| status = Operating
| locale = [[South Korea]]
| predecessor = [[Saemaeul-ho]]
| first = May 12, 2014
| last =
| successor =
| operator = [[Korail]]
| formeroperator =
| ridership =
| ridership2 =
| website =
| start =
| stops =
| end =
| distance =
| journeytime =
| frequency =
| trainnumber =
| line_used =
| class =
| access =
| seating =
| sleeping =
| autorack =
| catering =
| observation =
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| otherfacilities =
| stock = {{ubl|[[Korail Class 210000]]}}
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on|al=on}}
| el =
| speed = {{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}}
| owners =
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}}

The '''Intercity Train eXpress-Saemaeul''' abbreviated as '''ITX-Saemaeul''' ({{korean|hangul=ITX-새마을}}) is a class of train operated by [[Korail]], the national railroad of South Korea, it was introduced on May 12, 2014, to replace the [[Saemaeul-ho]]. The new ITX-Saemaeul trains have a faster average speed of 150 kilometers per hour. The name was taken from the [[Saemaul Undong]] after a public competition to determine the new train's name.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsis.com/ar_detail/view.html/?ar_id=NISX20130221_0011859199&cID=10201&pID=10200|title=신형 새마을호 이름 'ITX-새마을'로 불러주세요|date=February 21, 2013 |website=NewsIs |language=Korean |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922013245/https://newsis.com/ar_detail/view.html/?ar_id=NISX20130221_0011859199&cID=10201&pID=10200 |archivedate=September 22, 2013}}</ref>

==Lines served==
[[File:Korail ITX-Saemaul train at Susaek Yard.JPG|thumb|Korail Class 210000 EMU on a ''ITX-Saemaul'' service waiting at Susaek Yard]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!style="width: 5%;"|Route!!style="width: 5%;"|Section!!style="width: 8%;"|Round trip count!!style="width: 5%;"|Train number!!style="width: 5%;"|Estimated time
|-
|[[Gyeongbu Line]]||[[Seoul Station|Seoul]] - [[Busan station|Busan]]|| 7 times a day ||1001~1014||4 hours and 30 minutes
|-
|[[Gyeongbu Line]]
|[[Seoul Station|Seoul]] - [[Sinhaeundae station|Sinhaeundae]]||Monday through Friday: 1 times a day Saturday and Sunday: 2 times a day||1021~1024||4 hours 50 minutes
|-
|[[Gyeongjeon Line]]||[[Seoul Station|Seoul]] - [[Jinju station|Jinju]]||2 times a day||1031~1034||5 hours 20 minutes
|-
|[[Honam Line]]||[[Yongsan station|Yongsan]] - [[Mokpo station|Mokpo]]||2 times a day||1061~1064||4 hours 30 minutes
|-
|[[Honam Line]]||[[Yongsan station|Yongsan]] - [[Gwangju station|Gwangju]]||4 times a day||1071~1078||4 hours
|-
|[[Jeolla Line]]||[[Yongsan station|Yongsan]] - [[Yeosu Expo station|Yeosu Expo]]||2 times a day||1081~1084||4 hours and 30 minutes
|}

=== Stops ===
==== Stations served ====
* No brackets denote stations that most or all ''ITX-Saemaeul'' services stop.
* Round brackets () denote stations that some ''ITX-Saemaeul'' services stop.
;<nowiki>Gyeongbu Line(SeoulーBusan):</nowiki>
[[Seoul Station|Seoul]] - [[Yeongdeungpo station|Yeongdeungpo]] - [[Suwon station|Suwon]] - ([[Pyeongtaek station|Pyeongtaek]]) - [[Cheonan station|Cheonan]] - ([[Jochiwon station|Jochiwon]]) - [[Daejeon Station|Daejeon]] - ([[Yeongdong station|Yeongdong]]) - [[Gimcheon station|Gimcheon]] - [[Gumi station|Gumi]] - ([[Waegwan station|Waegwan]]) - [[Daegu station|Daegu]] - [[Dongdaegu Station|Dongdaegu]] - ([[Gyeongsan station|Gyeongsan]]) - ([[Miryang station|Miryang]]) - ([[Mulgeum station|Mulgeum]]) - [[Gupo station|Gupo]] - [[Busan station|Busan]]

;<nowiki>Gyeongbu Line(SeoulーSinhaeundae):</nowiki>
[[Seoul Station|Seoul]] - [[Yeongdeungpo station|Yeongdeungpo]] - [[Suwon station|Suwon]] - ([[Pyeongtaek station|Pyeongtaek]]) - [[Cheonan station|Cheonan]] - ([[Jochiwon station|Jochiwon]]) - [[Daejeon Station|Daejeon]] - ([[Yeongdong station|Yeongdong]]) - [[Gimcheon station|Gimcheon]] - [[Gumi station|Gumi]] - [[Daegu station|Daegu]] - [[Dongdaegu Station|Dongdaegu]] - ([[Gyeongsan station|Gyeongsan]]) - [[Miryang station|Miryang]] - [[Gupo station|Gupo]] - [[Bujeon station (Korail)|Bujeon]] - [[Sinhaeundae station|Sinhaeundae]]

;<nowiki>Gyeongjeon Line(SeoulーJinju):</nowiki>
[[Seoul Station|Seoul]] - [[Yeongdeungpo station|Yeongdeungpo]] - [[Suwon station|Suwon]] - ([[Pyeongtaek station|Pyeongtaek]]) - [[Cheonan station|Cheonan]] - [[Jochiwon station|Jochiwon]] - [[Daejeon Station|Daejeon]] - [[Gimcheon station|Gimcheon]] - [[Gumi station|Gumi]] - ([[Waegwan station|Waegwan]]) - [[Daegu station|Daegu]] - [[Dongdaegu Station|Dongdaegu]] - ([[Gyeongsan station|Gyeongsan]]) - [[Miryang station|Miryang]] - [[Jinyeong station|Jinyeong]] - [[Changwon Jungang station|Changwon Jungang]] - [[Changwon station|Changwon]] - Masan - [[Haman station|Haman]] - [[Jinju station|Jinju]]

;<nowiki>Honam Line(YongsanーGwangju):</nowiki>
[[Yongsan station|Yongsan]] - [[Yeongdeungpo station|Yeongdeungpo]] - [[Suwon station|Suwon]] - ([[Pyeongtaek station|Pyeongtaek]]) - [[Cheonan station|Cheonan]] - ([[Jochiwon station|Jochiwon]]) - [[Seodaejeon station|Seodaejeon]] - ([[Gyeryong station|Gyeryong]]) - [[Nonsan station|Nonsan]] - (Ganggyeong) - [[Iksan station|Iksan]] - [[Gimje station|Gimje]] - (Sintaein) - [[Jeongeup station|Jeongeup]] - [[Jangseong station|Jangseong]] - [[Gwangju station|Gwangju]]

;<nowiki>Honam Line(YongsanーMokpo):</nowiki>
[[Yongsan station|Yongsan]] - [[Yeongdeungpo station|Yeongdeungpo]] - [[Suwon station|Suwon]] - ([[Pyeongtaek station|Pyeongtaek]]) - [[Cheonan station|Cheonan]] - ([[Jochiwon station|Jochiwon]]) - [[Seodaejeon station|Seodaejeon]] - ([[Gyeryong station|Gyeryong]]) - [[Nonsan station|Nonsan]] - (Ganggyeong) - [[Iksan station|Iksan]] - [[Gimje station|Gimje]] - (Sintaein) - [[Jeongeup station|Jeongeup]] - [[Jangseong station|Jangseong]] - [[Gwangju Songjeong Station|Gwangju Songjeong]] - [[Naju station|Naju]] - Hampyeong - (Illo) - [[Mokpo station|Mokpo]]

;<nowiki>Jeolla Line(YongsanーYeosu Expo):</nowiki>
[[Yongsan station|Yongsan]] - [[Yeongdeungpo station|Yeongdeungpo]] - [[Suwon station|Suwon]] - ([[Pyeongtaek station|Pyeongtaek]]) - [[Cheonan station|Cheonan]] - [[Seodaejeon station|Seodaejeon]] - ([[Gyeryong station|Gyeryong]]) - [[Nonsan station|Nonsan]] - (Ganggyeong) - [[Iksan station|Iksan]] - [[Jeonju Station|Jeonju]] - [[Namwon station|Namwon]] - [[Gokseong station|Gokseong]] - [[Guryegu station|Guryegu]] - [[Suncheon station|Suncheon]] - [[Yeocheon station|Yeocheon]] - [[Yeosu Expo station|Yeosu Expo]]

==Rolling stock==
[[File:ITX-Saemaeul.jpg|thumb|A ''ITX-Saemaeul'' Korail Class 210000 train in October 2014]]
[[File:Gyeongbu Line ITX-Saemaeul.jpg|thumb|Korail Class 210000]]
* [[Korail Class 210000]] (since October 2014)
===Formations===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Car No.
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6
|-
! Numbering
| 21XX09 || 21XX55 || 21XX04 || 21XX53 || 21XX52 || 21XX01
|-
! Accommodation
| Reserved || Reserved || Reserved || Reserved || Reserved || Reserved
|}
The first rolling stock was manufactured by [[Hyundai Rotem]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Business_Record_View.asp?brid=22 |title=Project Record: ITX-Saemaeul Intercity EMU |publisher=Hyundai Rotem |date=2014 }}</ref> in 2018 [[Dawonsys]] received a contract to deliver additional rolling stock.

==Interior==
seats in 2+2 abreast configuration. Seat pitch is {{Convert|980|mm|in|abbr=on}}.

<gallery>
File:ITX-Saemaeul Interiror.jpg| interior
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{-}}
{{Korail passenger train services}}
{{Higher-speed rail}}

[[Category:Korail]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of South Korea]]

{{SouthKorea-rail-transport-stub}}

Shibayama Railway

2022-03-18T04:26:15Z

202.255.28.252: /* History */

{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Shibayama Railway Line
| color = 3CB371 
| logo = Shibayama Railway Logo.SVG
| logo_width = 150px
| image = Shibayama 3600 series 20070307.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = A Keisei 3600 series EMU in Shibayama Railway livery in March 2007
| type =
| system = Functionally part of [[Keisei Electric Railway]] network
| status =
| locale = [[Chiba Prefecture]], Japan
| start = [[Higashi-Narita Station|Higashi-Narita]]
| end = [[Shibayama-Chiyoda Station|Shibayama-Chiyoda]]
| stations = 2
| routes =
| daily_ridership = 2,458 (2008)<ref>[http://www.sibatetu.co.jp/number.html 乗降人員表], Shibayama Railway</ref>
| open = October 22, 2002
| close =
| owner = Shibayama Railway Co., Ltd.
| operator = Shibayama Railway, by [[Keisei Electric Railway]] crews
| character =
| depot =
| stock = Keisei 3600 series EMU
| linelength = 2.2 km
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1435mm}}
| electrification = 1,500 V DC
| speed =
| elevation =
| map = {{BS-map
|map =
{{BS|LSTR|||[[Keisei Higashi-Narita Line]]|}}
{{BS|tSTRa||||}}
{{BS3||tBHF|O2=GRZq||0.0|KS44 {{STN|Higashi-Narita}}||}}
{{BS|tSTR|||↓'''Shibayama Railway Line'''|}}
{{BS3|tKHSTaq|O1=HUBa|tKRZt||||[[Keisei Main Line]]/[[Keisei Narita Airport Line]]|}}
{{BS3|tKHSTaq|O1=HUBe|tKRZt||||[[Narita Line]]|}}
{{BS|tSTR|||KS42 {{STN|Narita Airport}}|}}
{{BS|htSTRe||||}}
{{BS|hKBHFe|2.2|SR01 {{STN|Shibayama-Chiyoda}}||}}
}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
'''{{nihongo|Shibayama Railway Co., Ltd.|芝山鉄道株式会社|Shibayama Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha}}''' is a [[Public-Private_Partnerships_In_Japan|third-sector]] railway company in [[Chiba Prefecture]], Japan. It operates Japan's shortest independent railway line,<ref name="syuhen">[http://www.naa.jp/jp/csr/syuhen_03.html 地域振興], Narita Airport Authority</ref> the 2.2 km '''Shibayama Railway Line''' between [[Higashi-Narita Station]] and [[Shibayama-Chiyoda Station]], largely underneath [[Narita International Airport]].

[[Narita International Airport Corporation]] owns a 68.39% majority stake in Shibayama Railway as of July 2009.<ref>[http://www.naa.jp/en/annual/2008_pdf/04.pdf NAA Annual Report] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613122008/http://www.naa.jp/en/annual/2008_pdf/04.pdf |date=2010-06-13 }}</ref> The remainder is owned by [[Keisei Electric Railway]], [[Japan Airlines]], the prefectural government, and others.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}

== Stations and operation ==
Although the Shibayama Railway is an independent operator, it functionally resembles an extension of the [[Keisei Electric Railway]]; the line is operated using equipment and crews leased from Keisei, and Shibayama-Chiyoda Station is designed to resemble a Keisei station.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}} Most Shibayama Railway trains provide local service to [[Keisei Narita Station]] past Higashi-Narita; a few local trains run through to [[Keisei Ueno Station]], and express trains operate during rush hours through the Keisei Line and [[Toei Asakusa Line]] to terminate at [[Nishi-Magome Station]], or at [[Haneda Airport Station]] on the [[Keikyū Airport Line]].<ref name="timetable">[http://www.sibatetu.co.jp/schedule.html Timetable]</ref> The 92.8 km Haneda run goes through tracks of 6 different rail lines and requires coordination among 4 operators, namely, Shibayama, Keisei Main, Keisei Oshiage, Toei Asakusa, Keikyū Main, and finally Keikyū Airport Line.

The adult fare between Higashi-Narita and Shibayama-Chiyoda is 190 [[Japanese yen|yen]].<ref name="timetable" />

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="2"|No.
!rowspan="2"|Station
!rowspan="2"|Japanese
!colspan="2"|Distance
!rowspan="2"|Transfers
!rowspan="2"|Location
|-
!Between stations
!Total
|-
|{{KSSN|KS|44|size=40}}
|{{STN|Higashi-Narita}}
|東成田
|style: align=right|-
|style: align=right|{{convert|0.0|km|abbr=on}}
|[[Keisei Higashi-Narita Line]]
|[[Narita, Chiba]]
|-
|{{KSSN|SR|01|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shibayama-Chiyoda}}
|芝山千代田
|style: align=right|{{convert|2.2|km|abbr=on}}
|style: align=right|{{convert|2.2|km|abbr=on}}
|
|[[Shibayama, Chiba]]
|}

==History==
Shibayama Railway was founded on May 5, 1981, and received an operating permit on June 24, 1988 to use dedicated small train sets between the current Shibayama-Chiyoda Station site and a temporary station adjacent to Higashi-Narita Station.<ref name="profile">[http://www.sibatetu.co.jp/company.html 会社概要], Shibayama Railway</ref> In 1990, the railway applied for a permit to operate through service with the Keisei Railway from [[Keisei Narita Station]]; construction of a through link was approved in 1996, and the line opened for operation on October 22, 2002.<ref name="profile" />

The construction of the railway was strongly demanded by [[Shibayama, Chiba|Shibayama]] residents,<ref name="syuhen"/> and was supported by the Transport Ministry and Narita Airport Authority in order to appease residents of the area immediately east of [[Narita International Airport]], as the airport property cut off Shibayaman's access to [[Narita, Chiba|Narita City]] and points west.<ref>[http://www.naa.jp/jp/csr/kyosei_taiko_4.html 地域と共生する空港づくり大綱], Narita Airport Authority, 1998.</ref>

There are some proposals to extend the line beyond Shibayama-Chiyoda in the future. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has recommended studying an extension into central Shibayama Town.<ref>[http://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/vision/s-plan/s-planhonbun.pdf 首都圏整備計画], MLIT, September 2006</ref>

== Location ==
[[File:Shibayama railway 2019-04-03.jpg|thumb|Railway line seen from airplane (2019)]]
[[File:Shibayama Railway Linemap.svg]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.sibatetu.co.jp/ Company website (in Japanese)]

{{Shibayama Railway Line}}
{{Keisei transit}}
{{Tokyo transit}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Railway lines in Japan]]
[[Category:Railway companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Airport rail links in Japan]]
[[Category:Standard gauge railways in Japan]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 2002]]
[[Category:Companies based in Chiba Prefecture]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Keisei Electric Railway]]
[[Category:Japanese third-sector railway lines]]

[[ko:시바야마 철도 시바야마 철도선]]

List of cities in Vietnam

2022-03-03T01:29:38Z

202.255.28.252: /* Municipalities */

{{short description|Wikimedia list article}}
{{Cities of Vietnam location map}}
Cities in [[Vietnam]] are identified by the [[Government of Vietnam|government]] as settlements with considerable area and population that play important roles vis-a-vis politics, economy and culture. Status of cities falls into four categories: special, first class (I), second class (II), and third class (III).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-biggest-cities-in-vietnam.html|title=Biggest Cities In Vietnam|website=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref>

==Municipalities==
{{main|Municipalities of Vietnam}}
Centrally controlled cities (''thành phố trực thuộc trung ương'') or municipalities are cities with significant importance in terms of politics, economy and culture of Vietnam that are under direct control of the Vietnamese government. There are currently five centrally controlled municipalities.<ref name=list>{{cite web|title=List of cities in Vietnam|url=http://www.vietnamtourism.org.vn/guide/list-of-cities-in-vietnam/|work=Vietnam Tourism|publisher=Vietnam Tourism Information|access-date=11 October 2012|year=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217035109/http://www.vietnamtourism.org.vn/guide/list-of-cities-in-vietnam/|archive-date=17 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-align=center bgcolor=#EFEFEF
! Name !! Area (km2) !! Population (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=714|title=Số liệu thống kê – Diện tích, dân số và mật độ|trans-title=Interractive statistics tables – Area, population and density|format=''To access, click the desired location in column 1 (''Địa phương''), click "2015" in column 2 (''Năm''), and click the desired field in column 3 (''Chỉ tiêu''): click ''Diện tích'' for Area, ''Dân số'' for Population, and ''Mật độ dân số'' for Population density''|language=vi|publisher=General Statistics Office of Vietnam|access-date=5 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716044821/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=714|archive-date=16 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>!! Population density !! Municipality since !! City status
|-
|[[Cần Thơ|Can Tho]]|| 1,439.2 || 1,569,301 || 890 || 2003-11-26 || 1
|-
|[[Da Nang]]|| 1,285.4 || 1,080,700 || 1,200 || 1996-11-06 || 1
|-
|[[Haiphong]]|| 1,527.4 || 2,013,800 || 1,500 || 1955-02-22 || 1
|-
|[[Hanoi]]|| 3,324.5 || 7,520,700 || 2,300 || 1945-09-02 || S
|-
|[[Ho Chi Minh City]]|| 2,095.5 || 8,598,700 || 4,100 || 1955-10-26 || S
|}

== Municipal cities ==
{{main|Municipal city (Vietnam)}}
Municipal cities (subcities) in Vietnam are placed under the municipality's government.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Province !! Area (km²) !! Population (person) !! Population density !! Year to become city !! Class
|-
| [[Thủ Đức]] || [[Hồ Chí Minh City]] || 211.56 || 1,013,795 || 4,800 || 2020-12-09 || 1
|}

== Provincial cities ==
{{main|Provincial city (Vietnam)}}
Provincial cities in Vietnam are placed under the province's government.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Province !! Area (km²) !! Population (person) !! Population density !! Year to become city !! Class
|-
| [[Bà Rịa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://baodientu.chinhphu.vn/Uploaded_VGP/hoangtrongdien/20120822/43-nq.pdf|title=Chính phủ|date=November 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103180227/http://baodientu.chinhphu.vn/Uploaded_VGP/hoangtrongdien/20120822/43-nq.pdf|archive-date=2013-11-03}}</ref> || [[Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province|Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu]] || 91.47 || 122,424 || 1,338 || 2012-08-22 || 2
|-
| [[Bạc Liêu]] || [[Bạc Liêu Province|Bạc Liêu]] || 175.38 || 188,863 || 1,077 || 2010-08-27 || 2
|-
| [[Bảo Lộc]] || [[Lâm Đồng Province|Lâm Đồng]] || 232.56 || 153,362 || 659 || 2010-04-08 || 2<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://baochinhphu.vn/Chi-dao-quyet-dinh-cua-Chinh-phu-Thu-tuong-Chinh-phu/Bao-Loc-thanh-pho-moi-tren-cao-nguyen/29545.vgp|title=Bảo Lộc- thành phố mới trên cao nguyên|website=baodientu.chinhphu.vn|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bắc Giang]] || [[Bắc Giang Province|Bắc Giang]] || 66.77 || 157,439 || 2,358 || 2005-06-07 || 2
|-
| [[Bắc Kạn]] || [[Bắc Kạn Province|Bắc Kạn]] || 137 || 56,800 || 415 || 2015-03-11 || 3
|-
| [[Bắc Ninh]] || [[Bắc Ninh Province|Bắc Ninh]] || 82.61 || 247,702 || 3,300 || 2006-01-26 || 1
|-
| [[Biên Hòa]] || [[Đồng Nai Province|Đồng Nai]] || 264.08 || 784,398 || 2,970 || 1976-02-01 || 1
|-
| [[Bến Tre]] || [[Bến Tre Province|Bến Tre]] || 71.12 || 150,530 || 2,117 || 2009-08-11 || 2<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bentre.gov.vn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4389&Itemid=40|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301192637/http://www.bentre.gov.vn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4389&Itemid=40|url-status=dead|title=Thành lập thành phố Bến Tre|archive-date=March 1, 2012|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Buôn Ma Thuột]] || [[Đắk Lắk Province|Đắk Lắk]] || 377.18 || 326,135 || 865 || 1995-01-21 || 1<ref>[http://ca.cand.com.vn/News/PrintView.aspx?ID=159527 TP Buôn Ma Thuột lên đô thị loại 1] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813005711/http://ca.cand.com.vn/News/PrintView.aspx?ID=159527 |date=2011-08-13 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Cẩm Phả]] || [[Quảng Ninh Province|Quảng Ninh]] || 486.45 || 195,800 || 403 || 2012-02-21 || 2<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.quangninh.gov.vn/vi-VN/Trang/tin%20chi%20tiet.aspx?newsid=10815&cid=13&dt=2012-02-21 |title=Thành lập Thành Phố Cẩm Phả |access-date=2013-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215042720/http://www.quangninh.gov.vn/vi-VN/Trang/tin%20chi%20tiet.aspx?newsid=10815&cid=13&dt=2012-02-21 |archive-date=2017-02-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Cà Mau]] || [[Cà Mau Province|Cà Mau]] || 250.30 || 204,895 || 819 || 1999-04-14 || 2
|-
| [[Cam Ranh]] || [[Khánh Hòa Province|Khánh Hòa]] || 325.01 || 128,358 || 395 || 2010-12-23 || 3
|-
| [[Cao Bằng]] || [[Cao Bằng Province|Cao Bằng]] || 107.63 || 84,421 || 784 || 2012-09-25<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=2&_page=1&mode=detail&document_id=163852|title=Hệ thống văn bản pháp quy Chính phủ}}</ref> || 3
|-
| [[Cao Lãnh (city)|Cao Lãnh]] || [[Đồng Tháp Province|Đồng Tháp]] || 107 || 161,292 || 1,507 || 2007-01-16 || 3
|-
| [[Châu Đốc]] || [[An Giang Province|An Giang]] || 105.29 || 157,298 || 1,494 || 2013-07-19 || 2<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=509&_page=1&mode=detail&document_id=168745|title=Hệ thống văn bản pháp quy Chính phủ}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chí Linh]] || [[Hải Dương Province|Hải Dương]] || 282.91 || 220,421 || 779 || 2019-01-10 || 3
|-
|[[Dĩ An]]||[[Bình Dương Province|Bình Dương]]|| 60 || 480,413 || 8,000 || 2020-01-10 || 3<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://quochoi.vn/tintuc/Pages/tin-hoat-dong-cua-quoc-hoi.aspx?ItemID=43781|title=Tin tức|website=quochoi.vn}}</ref>
|-
| [[Da Lat|Đà Lạt]] || [[Lâm Đồng Province|Lâm Đồng]] || 394.9 || 226,578 || 1,039 || 1893-06-21 || 1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qhkt.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/web/tintuc/default.aspx?cat_id=551&news_id=2088 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324003634/http://www.qhkt.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/web/tintuc/default.aspx?cat_id=551&news_id=2088 |archive-date=2009-03-24 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Điện Biên Phủ]] || [[Điện Biên Province|Điện Biên]] || 64.27 || 76,000 || 1,183 || 2003-09-26 || 3
|-
| [[Đông Hà]] || [[Quảng Trị Province|Quảng Trị]] || 73.06 || 93,756 || 1,281 || 2009-08-11 || 3<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dantri.com.vn/c20/s20-343507/thanh-lap-thanh-pho-dong-ha.htm |title=Thành lập thành phố Đông Hà |access-date=2010-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219132457/http://dantri.com.vn/c20/s20-343507/thanh-lap-thanh-pho-dong-ha.htm |archive-date=2012-02-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Đồng Hới]] || [[Quảng Bình Province|Quảng Bình]] || 155.54 || 160,325 || 1,031 || 2004-08-16 || 2<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.baoxaydung.com.vn/news/vn/thoi-su/de-nghi-cong-nhan-thanh-pho-dong-hoi-la-do-thi-loai-ii.html|title=Đề nghị công nhân thành phố Đồng Hới là đô thị loại II ||website=Báo Xây Dựng điện tử|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Đồng Xoài]] || [[Bình Phước Province|Bình Phước]] || 169.60 || 150,052 || 882 || 2018-10-16 || 3
|-
| [[Gia Nghĩa]] || [[Đắk Nông Province|Đắk Nông]] || 284.11 || 85,082 || 299 || 2019-12-17 || 3
|-
| [[Hà Giang]] || [[Hà Giang Province|Hà Giang]] || 135.32 || 71,689 || 530 ||2010-09-27 || 3
|-
| [[Hà Tiên]] || [[Kiên Giang Province|Kiên Giang]] || 100.49 || 81,576 || 812 || 2018-09-11 || 3
|-
| [[Hà Tĩnh]] || [[Hà Tĩnh Province|Hà Tĩnh]] || 56.19 || 88,957 || 1,583 || 2007-05-28 || 2
|-
| [[Hạ Long]] || [[Quảng Ninh Province|Quảng Ninh]] || 271.95 || 221,580 || 815|| 1993-12-27 || 1
|-
| [[Hải Dương]] || [[Hải Dương Province|Hải Dương]] || 13.07 || 293,016 || 4,563 || 1997-08-06 || 1<ref>[http://www.baoxaydung.com.vn/news/vn/quy-hoach-kien-truc/tp-hai-duong-dat-tieu-chi-do-thi-loai-i.html Thành phố Hải Dương chính thức đạt tiêu chí đô thị loại I]</ref>
|-
| [[Hòa Bình (city)|Hòa Bình]] || [[Hòa Bình Province|Hòa Bình]] || 148.2 || 93,409 || 630 || 2006-10-27 || 3
|-
| [[Hội An]] || [[Quảng Nam Province|Quảng Nam]]|| 61.47 || 89,716 || 1,460 || 2008-01-29 || 3
|-
| [[Huế]] || [[Thừa Thiên–Huế Province|Thừa Thiên–Huế]] || 70.99 || 351,456 || 4,787 || 1929-12-12 || 1<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://baochinhphu.vn/Chi-dao-quyet-dinh-cua-Chinh-phu-Thu-tuong-Chinh-phu/Thanh-pho-Hue-co-them-3-phuong-moi/28933.vgp|title=Thành phố Huế có thêm 3 phường mới|website=baodientu.chinhphu.vn|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hưng Yên]] || [[Hưng Yên Province|Hưng Yên]] || 73.42 || 147,275 || 2,006 || 2009-01-19 || 3
|-
| [[Kon Tum]] || [[Kon Tum Province|Kon Tum]] || 432.12 || 155,214 || 359 || 2009-09-13 || 3<ref>[http://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=292125&ChannelID=3 Thông qua đề án thành lập TP Kontum - Tuổi Trẻ Online]</ref>
|-
| [[Lai Châu]] || [[Lai Châu Province|Lai Châu]] || 70.77 || 52,557 || 750 || 2013-02-01 || 3
|-
| [[Lạng Sơn]] || [[Lạng Sơn Province|Lạng Sơn]] || 77.69 || 87,278 || 1,123 || 2002-10-17 || 2
|-
| [[Lào Cai]] || [[Lào Cai Province|Lào Cai]] || 229.67 || 98,363 || 428 || 2004-11-30 || 2<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://giadinh.net.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/hoan-thanh-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2009-20090508020916148.htm|title=Hoàn thành Tổng điều tra Dân số và nhà ở năm 2009|date=October 21, 2010|website=giadinh.net.vn|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Long Khánh]] || [[Đồng Nai Province|Đồng Nai]] || 195 || 181,242 || 929 || 2019-04-10 || 3
|-
| [[Long Xuyên]] || [[An Giang Province|An Giang]] || 106.87 || 272,658 || 2,607 || 1999-03-01 || 1<ref>[http://www.baoxaydung.com.vn/PrintPreview.aspx?ID=15368] {{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| [[Móng Cái]] || [[Quảng Ninh Province|Quảng Ninh]] || 516.6 || 80,000 || 155 || 2008-09-24 || 2
|-
| [[Mỹ Tho]] || [[Tiền Giang Province|Tiền Giang]] || 79.8 || 204,412 || 2,562 || 1967-08-24 || 1 <ref>[http://www.mythocity.gov.vn/tinchitiet.php?tt_id=4770 Ubnd Tp Mỹ Tho] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824124439/http://www.mythocity.gov.vn/tinchitiet.php?tt_id=4770 |date=2011-08-24 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Nam Định]] || [[Nam Định Province|Nam Định]] || 46.4 || 236,294 || 7,589 || 1921-10-17 || 1<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://baochinhphu.vn/Tin-noi-bat/Thanh-pho-Nam-Dinh-duoc-cong-nhan-la-do-thi-loai-I/103458.vgp|title=Thành phố Nam Định được công nhận là đô thị loại I|website=baodientu.chinhphu.vn|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ngã Bảy]] || [[Hậu Giang Province|Hậu Giang]] || 78.07 || 101,192 || 1,296 || 2020-01-10 || 3
|-
| [[Nha Trang]]||[[Khánh Hòa Province|Khánh Hòa]]|| 251 || 422,601 || 1,563 || 1977-03-30 || 1<ref>[http://iamvietnamese.net/journey/i/?Nha-Trang-len-do-thi-loai-Mot/2009/05/456876/ Nha Trang lên đô thị loại I]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| [[Ninh Bình]] || [[Ninh Bình Province|Ninh Bình]] || 48.36 || 110,541 || 2,286 || 2007-02-07 || 2<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ninhthuan.gov.vn/chinhquyen/prtc/Pages/Thanh-lap-ba-TP-Ninh-Binh,-Phan-Rang-Thap-Cham,-Soc-Trang.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128102922/http://www.ninhthuan.gov.vn/chinhquyen/prtc/Pages/Thanh-lap-ba-TP-Ninh-Binh,-Phan-Rang-Thap-Cham,-Soc-Trang.aspx |archive-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm]] || [[Ninh Thuận Province|Ninh Thuận]] || 78.9 || 161,370 || 2,045 || 2007-02-08 || 2<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|-
| [[Phan Thiết]] || [[Bình Thuận Province|Bình Thuận]] || 206 || 216,327 || 1,050 || 1999-08-25 || 2
|-
| [[Phủ Lý]] || [[Hà Nam Province|Hà Nam]] || 87.87 || 136,650 || 1,555 || 2008-06-09 || 3
|-
| [[Phúc Yên]] || [[Vĩnh Phúc Province|Vĩnh Phúc]] || 120.13 || 155,500 || 1,295 || 2018-02-07 || 3
|-
| [[Pleiku]] || [[Gia Lai Province|Gia Lai]] || 266.61 || 208,364 || 782 || 1999-04-24 || 2<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moc.gov.vn/site/moc/cms?cmd=4&portionId=47&portalSiteId=6&language=vi_VN&categoryId=63&articleId=31171|title=Cổng thông tin Bộ xây dựng - Quyết định công nhận thành phố Pleiku, tỉnh Gia Lai là đô thị loại II|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Quảng Ngãi]] || [[Quảng Ngãi Province|Quảng Ngãi]] || 160.15 || 260,252 || 1,625 || 2005-08-26 || 2
|-
| [[Qui Nhơn|Quy Nhơn]] || [[Bình Định Province|Bình Định]] || 284.28 || 290,053 || 1,095 || 1986-07-03 || 1<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vneconomy.vn/20100126101441405P0C17/quy-nhon-len-do-thi-loai-1.htm |title=VnEconomy - Quy Nhơn lên đô thị loại 1 - Bất động sản |access-date=2010-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227171019/http://vneconomy.vn/20100126101441405P0C17/quy-nhon-len-do-thi-loai-1.htm |archive-date=2014-02-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Rạch Giá]] || [[Kiên Giang Province|Kiên Giang]] || 105 || 250,660 || 2,387 || 2005-07-26 || 2
|-
| [[Sa Đéc]] || [[Đồng Tháp Province|Đồng Tháp]] || 59.81 || 152,237 || 2,545 || 2013-10-14 || 2 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.baodongthap.vn/xa-hoi/thanh-pho-sa-dec-chinh-thuc-len-do-thi-loai-ii-75186.aspx |title=Thành phố Sa Đéc chính thức lên đô thị loại II |date=February 15, 2018|website=www.baodongthap.vn|access-date=August 26, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sầm Sơn]] || [[Thanh Hóa Province|Thanh Hóa]] || 45.00 || 150,902 || 3,353 || 2017-04-19 || 2
|-
| [[Sóc Trăng]] || [[Sóc Trăng Province|Sóc Trăng]] || 76.15 || 136,018 || 1,786 || 2007-02-08 || 3<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|-
| [[Sơn La]] || [[Sơn La Province|Sơn La]] || 324.93 || 107,282 || 330 || 2008-09-03 || 2
|-
| [[Sông Công]] || [[Thái Nguyên Province|Thái Nguyên]] || 98.37 || 110,000 || 1,122 || 2015-07-01 || 3
|-
| [[Tam Điệp]] || [[Ninh Bình Province|Ninh Bình]] || 104.98 || 104,175 || 992 || 2015-04-10 || 3
|-
| [[Tam Kỳ]] || [[Quảng Nam Province|Quảng Nam]] || 92.02 || 107,924 || 1,173 || 2006-10-26 || 2
|-
| [[Tân An]] || [[Long An Province|Long An]] || 81.95 || 166,419 || 2,031 || 2009-08-24 || 2<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://giadinh.net.vn/xa-hoi/thanh-lap-thanh-pho-tan-an-va-thi-xa-tan-chau-2009082606594240.htm|title=Thành lập thành phố Tân An và thị xã Tân Châu|date=August 26, 2009|website=giadinh.net.vn|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tây Ninh]] || [[Tây Ninh Province|Tây Ninh]] || 140.00 || 153,537 || 1,096 || 2013-12-29 || 3
|-
| [[Thái Bình]] || [[Thái Bình Province|Thái Bình]] || 67.71 || 268,167 || 3,961 || 2004-04-29 || 2
|-
| [[Thái Nguyên]] || [[Thái Nguyên Province|Thái Nguyên]] || 189.71 || 320,000 || 1,687 || 1962-10-19 || 1<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kientruc.vn/quy_hoach_do_thi/tp-thai-nguyen-duoc-cong-nhan-la-do-thi-loai-i/19732.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024075909/http://kientruc.vn/quy_hoach_do_thi/tp-thai-nguyen-duoc-cong-nhan-la-do-thi-loai-i/19732.html|url-status=dead|title=TP. Thái Nguyên được công nhận là đô thị loại I|archive-date=October 24, 2013|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Thanh Hóa]] || [[Thanh Hóa Province|Thanh Hóa]] || 146.77 || 359,910 || 2,680 || 1994-05-01 || 1<ref>[http://sgddt.thanhhoa.gov.vn/Edu1/Home/Office.aspx?NewsID=526&p=226&c=292] {{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|[[Thủ Dầu Một]] || [[Bình Dương Province|Bình Dương]] || 118.87 || 244,277 || 2,055 || 2012-05-02<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://baochinhphu.vn/Chi-dao-quyet-dinh-cua-Chinh-phu-Thu-tuong-Chinh-phu/Thanh-lap-thanh-pho-Thu-Dau-Mot-thuoc-tinh-Binh-Duong/136806.vgp|title=Thành lập thành phố Thủ Dầu Một thuộc tỉnh Bình Dương|website=baodientu.chinhphu.vn|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref> || 1
|-
| [[Thuận An]] || [[Bình Dương Province|Bình Dương]] || 83.69 || 603,000 || 5,244 || 2020-01-10 || 3<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| [[Trà Vinh]] || [[Trà Vinh Province|Trà Vinh]] || 68.03 || 131,360 || 1,931 || 2010-03-04 || 2
|-
| [[Tuy Hòa]] || [[Phú Yên Province|Phú Yên]] || 106.82 || 177,944 || 1,666 || 2005-01-05 || 2
|-
| [[Tuyên Quang]] || [[Tuyên Quang Province|Tuyên Quang]] || 119.17 || 110,119 || 924 || 2010-07-02 || 3
|-
| [[Uông Bí]] || [[Quảng Ninh Province|Quảng Ninh]] || 256.31 || 157,779 || 616 || 2011-02-25 || 2
|-
| [[Vị Thanh]] || [[Hậu Giang Province|Hậu Giang]] || 118.65 || 72,328 || 610 || 2010-09-23 || 3
|-
| [[Việt Trì]] || [[Phú Thọ Province|Phú Thọ]] || 111.17 || 214,777 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vietnamplus.vn/phu-tho-dieu-chinh-quy-hoach-chung-thanh-pho-viet-tri/274016.vnp|title=Phú Thọ điều chỉnh quy hoạch chung thành phố Việt Trì | Xã hội | Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)|date=August 1, 2014|website=VietnamPlus|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref> || 2,541|| 1962-06-04 || 1
|-
| [[Vinh]] || [[Nghệ An Province|Nghệ An]] ||104.98||339,114 || 2,696 || 1927-12-10 || 1
|-
| [[Vĩnh Long]] || [[Vĩnh Long Province|Vĩnh Long]] || 48.01 || 147,039 || 3,063 || 2009-04-10 || 3<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vinhlong.gov.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=36&categoryid=39&itemid=7087|title=Cổng thông tin điện tử tỉnh Vĩnh Long|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Vĩnh Yên]] || [[Vĩnh Phúc Province|Vĩnh Phúc]] || 50.80 || 122,568 || 2,413 || 2006-12-01 || 2
|-
| [[Vũng Tàu]] || [[Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province|Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu]] || 140.65 || 310,188 || 1,859 || 1991-08-01 || 1<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nhandan.com.vn/chinhtri/tin-tuc-su-kien/item/20183002-.html|title=Vũng Tàu trở thành đô thị loại I trực thuộc tỉnh - Báo Nhân Dân điện tử|website=Vũng Tàu trở thành đô thị loại I trực thuộc tỉnh - Báo Nhân Dân điện tử|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Yên Bái]] || [[Yên Bái Province|Yên Bái]] || 108.155 || 95,892 || 887 || 2002-01-11 || 3
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" class="center">
File:Ho Chi Minh City Skyline (night).jpg|[[Ho Chi Minh City]]
File:Hải Phòng City.jpg|[[Haiphong]]
File:Bright Da Nang skyline (Unsplash).jpg|[[Da Nang|Danang]]
File:Can Tho City - Stadt aus Sicht vom Boot.jpg|[[Can Tho]]
File:Bien Hoa City 15.JPG|[[Biên Hòa]]
File:Nha trang.jpg|[[Nha Trang]]
File:Buôn Ma Thuột city square.jpg|[[Buôn Ma Thuột]]
File:Hue Vietnam Perfume-River-02.jpg|[[Huế]]
File:Thái Nguyên skyline.jpg|[[Thái Nguyên]]
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Provinces of Vietnam]]
*[[Provincial city (Vietnam)]]
*[[District-level town (Vietnam)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commonscat-inline}}

{{Asia topic|state=collapsed|List of cities in}}
{{Vietnam topics}}

[[Category:Cities in Vietnam| ]]
[[Category:Lists of cities by country|Vietnam, List of cities in]]
[[Category:Vietnam geography-related lists|Cities]]
[[Category:Lists of cities in Asia|Vietnam]]

Ōito Line

2022-02-20T00:19:39Z

202.255.28.252: /* Route data */

{{Short description|Railway line in Japan}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Ōito Line
| native_name = 大糸線
| native_name_lang = en
| color = 9370DB 
| color2 = 0073bc
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = E127-100 Oito Line 20170520.jpg
| caption = A JR East E127 series EMU on the Oito Line in Hakuba, Nagano Prefecture
| image_width = 300px
| system =
| type = [[Heavy rail]]
| status = In operation
| locale = [[Nagano Prefecture|Nagano]], [[Niigata Prefecture|Niigata]] Prefectures
| start = {{STN|Matsumoto}}
| end = {{STN|Itoigawa}}
| stations = 41
| routes =
| daily_ridership =
| open = 1915
| close =
| owner = [[JR East]], [[JR West]]
| operator = JR East, JR West
| character = Rural and scenic
| depot =
| stock = [[E127 series]] EMU, [[211 series]] EMU, [[E353 series]] EMU, [[KiHa 120 series]] DMU
| linelength = {{convert|105.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| tracks = Entire line single tracked
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm}}
| electrification = 1,500 V DC (Matsumoto - Minami-Otari) None (Minami-Otari - Itoigawa)
| speed = 95 km/h (59 mph)
| elevation =
| map = [[File:JR Ooito Line linemap.svg|200px]]
| map_state =
}}

The {{nihongo|'''Ōito Line'''|大糸線|Ōito-sen}} is a railway line in Japan which connects [[Matsumoto Station]] in [[Nagano Prefecture]] with [[Itoigawa Station]] in [[Niigata Prefecture]]. There are two operators on the line: [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) operates the section north of [[Minami-Otari Station]] in [[Otari, Nagano|Otari]], Nagano Prefecture, and [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR West) operates the remaining section. Minami-Otari is the boundary for the two companies. The section of the line, operated by JR East, between Minami-Otari and Matsumoto is electrified and trains are fairly regular along this section. The JR West section from Minami-Otari to Itoigawa, however, is not electrified and is used very little, compared to the electrified JR East section. Trains run far less regularly along this part.

==Route data==
*Operators, services:
**[[East Japan Railway Company]] (Services and tracks)
***Matsumoto — Minami-Otari: 70.1 km
**[[West Japan Railway Company]] (Services and tracks)
***Minami-Otari — Itoigawa: 35.3 km
*Stations:
**JR East: 34
**JR West: 8 including Itoigawa, excluding Minami-Otari
*Double-tracked section: None
*Electrification: Matsumoto — Minami-Otari (1,500 V DC) Minami-Otari — Itoigawa (None)
*[[Railway signalling]]:
**Matsumoto — Itoigawa: Automatic Train Stop, S-type

==Services==
===JR East section===
;Limited express, Rapid
{{As of|2017|03}}, the following services are operated.
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Through from/to
!Start
!End
!Service frequency (daily)
|- style="background:#fce;"
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" |Limited Express ''[[Azusa (train)|Azusa]]''
|{{STN|Chiba}}/{{STN|Shinjuku}}||rowspan="2"|Matsumoto||Minami-Otari
|1 return trip
|- style="background:#fce;"
|Shinjuku||Hakuba
|seasonal<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.eki-net.com/pc/jreast-shinkansen-reservation/english/wb/common/timetable/e_lex_chuo_d/03.html|title= Time Table - Limited Express trains on the Chuo Line|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|access-date=March 6, 2017}}</ref>
|- style="background:#ddf;"
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" |Rapid
|{{STN|Kami-Suwa}}||Matsumoto||{{STN|Shinano-Ōmachi}}
|1 up trip
|- style="background:#ddf;"
| - ||Shinano-Ōmachi||Minami-Otari
|1 up trip
|}

;Local
:Matsumoto – Shinano-Ōmachi: every 30-60 minutes
:Shinano-Ōmachi – Minami-Otari: every 60-180 minutes

===JR West section===
;Local
:Minami-Otari - Itoigawa: every 120-180 minutes

No limited-stop services like rapids operate on the JR West section. All trains are local services, which stop at every station.

==Rolling stock==
===JR East section===
*[[E127 series|E127-100 series]] EMU
*[[211 series]] EMU
*[[E353 series]] EMU - ''Azusa''

===JR West section===
*[[KiHa 120]] series DMU

==Stations==
==={{Colorbox|MediumPurple}} JR East section===
All stations are within [[Nagano Prefecture]].

:'''A''': Limited Express ''Azusa''
:'''R''': Rapid
:Trains stop at stations marked "O", skip at stations marked "<nowiki>|</nowiki>".
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="2"|No.
!rowspan="2"|Station
!rowspan="2"|Japanese
!colspan="2"|Distance(km)
!rowspan="2"|A
! rowspan="2" |R
!rowspan="2"|Transfers
!rowspan="2"|Location
|-
!Between stations
!Total
|-
| {{OSNS|42|size=40}}
|{{STN|Matsumoto}}
|松本
|style="text-align:center;"| -
|style="text-align:right;"|0.0
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|O
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
|{{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|#f15a22}} [[Shinonoi Line]]
* {{Colorbull|#465daa}} [[Alpico Kōtsū]] [[Kamikōchi Line]]
}}
|rowspan="4"|[[Matsumoto, Nagano|Matsumoto]]
|-
| {{OSNS|41|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kita-Matsumoto}}
|北松本
|style="text-align:right;"|0.7
|style="text-align:right;"|0.7
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|40|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shimauchi}}
|島内
|style="text-align:right;"|1.9
|style="text-align:right;"|2.6
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|39|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shimatakamatsu}}
|島高松
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|3.8
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|38|size=40}}
|{{STN|Azusabashi}}
|梓橋
|style="text-align:right;"|1.4
|style="text-align:right;"|5.2
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|rowspan="9"|[[Azumino, Nagano|Azumino]]
|-
| {{OSNS|37|size=40}}
|{{STN|Hitoichiba}}
|一日市場
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|6.8
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|36|size=40}}
|{{STN|Nakagaya}}
|中萱
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|8.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|35|size=40}}
|{{STN|Minami-Toyoshina}}
|南豊科
|style="text-align:right;"|2.0
|style="text-align:right;"|10.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|34|size=40}}
|{{STN|Toyoshina}}
|豊科
|style="text-align:right;"|1.0
|style="text-align:right;"|11.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|O
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|33|size=40}}
|{{STN|Hakuyachō}}
|柏矢町
|style="text-align:right;"|2.8
|style="text-align:right;"|14.2
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|32|size=40}}
|{{STN|Hotaka}}
|穂高
|style="text-align:right;"|2.0
|style="text-align:right;"|16.2
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|O
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|31|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ariake|Nagano}}
|有明
|style="text-align:right;"|2.2
|style="text-align:right;"|18.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|30|size=40}}
|{{STN|Azumi-Oiwake}}
|安曇追分
|style="text-align:right;"|1.5
|style="text-align:right;"|19.9
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|29|size=40}}
|{{STN|Hosono}}
|細野
|style="text-align:right;"|2.9
|style="text-align:right;"|22.8
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|↑
| 
|rowspan="3"|[[Matsukawa, Nagano (Kitaazumi)|Matsukawa]], [[Kitaazumi District, Nagano|Kitaazumi District]]
|-
| {{OSNS|28|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kita-Hosono}}
|北細野
|style="text-align:right;"|1.0
|style="text-align:right;"|23.8
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|↑
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|27|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shinano-Matsukawa}}
|信濃松川
|style="text-align:right;"|2.2
|style="text-align:right;"|26.0
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|26|size=40}}
|{{STN|Azumi-Kutsukake}}
|安曇沓掛
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|28.6
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|↑
| 
| rowspan="10" |[[Ōmachi, Nagano|Ōmachi]]
|-
| {{OSNS|25|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shinano-Tokiwa}}
|信濃常盤
|style="text-align:right;"|2.3
|style="text-align:right;"|30.9
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|24|size=40}}
|{{STN|Minami-Ōmachi}}
|南大町
|style="text-align:right;"|3.1
|style="text-align:right;"|34.0
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|↑
| 
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{OSNS|23|size=40}}
| rowspan="2" |{{STN|Shinano-Ōmachi}}
| rowspan="2" |信濃大町
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" |35.1
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#fce;" |O
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
|O
|Rapid terminus / transfer
|-
|{{OSNS|22|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kita-Ōmachi}}
|北大町
| style="text-align:right;" |2.1
| style="text-align:right;" |37.2
| style="text-align:center; background:#fce;" |<nowiki>|</nowiki>
| style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;" |↑
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|21|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shinano-Kizaki}}
|信濃木崎
|style="text-align:right;"|2.2
|style="text-align:right;"|39.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|20|size=40}}
|{{STN|Inao}}
|稲尾
|style="text-align:right;"|2.2
|style="text-align:right;"|41.6
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|↑
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|19|size=40}}
|{{STN|Uminokuchi}}
|海ノ口
|style="text-align:right;"|1.3
|style="text-align:right;"|42.9
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|↑
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|18|size=40}}
|{{STN|Yanaba}}
|簗場
|style="text-align:right;"|3.4
|style="text-align:right;"|46.3
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|16|size=40}}
|{{STN|Minami-Kamishiro}}
|南神城
|style="text-align:right;"|4.9
|style="text-align:right;"|52.8
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|↑
| 
|rowspan="5"|[[Hakuba, Nagano|Hakuba]], Kitaazumi District
|-
| {{OSNS|15|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kamishiro}}
|神城
|style="text-align:right;"|2.4
|style="text-align:right;"|55.2
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|14|size=40}}
|{{STN|Iimori}}
|飯森
|style="text-align:right;"|1.5
|style="text-align:right;"|56.7
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|↑
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|13|size=40}}
|{{STN|Hakuba}}
|白馬
|style="text-align:right;"|3.0
|style="text-align:right;"|59.7
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|O
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|12|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shinano-Moriue}}
|信濃森上
|style="text-align:right;"|1.9
|style="text-align:right;"|61.6
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|11|size=40}}
|{{STN|Hakuba-Ōike}}
|白馬大池
|style="text-align:right;"|3.8
|style="text-align:right;"|65.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|↑
| 
|rowspan="3"|[[Otari, Nagano|Otari]], Kitaazumi District
|-
| {{OSNS|10|size=40}}
|{{STN|Chikuni}}
|千国
|style="text-align:right;"|3.4
|style="text-align:right;"|68.7
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|↑
| 
|-
| {{OSNS|9|size=40}}
|{{STN|Minami-Otari}}
|南小谷
|style="text-align:right;"|1.4
|style="text-align:right;"|70.1
|style="text-align:center; background:#fce;"|O
|style="text-align:center; background:#ddf;"|O
|
|}
'''Closed Stations'''
[[Yanabaskijōmae Station]] closed on 16 March 2019

==={{Colorbox|#0073bc}} JR West section===
{| class="wikitable" rules="all"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Station
!rowspan="2"|Japanese
!colspan="2"|Distance(km)
!rowspan="2"|Transfers
!rowspan="2"|Location
|-
!Between stations
!Total
|-
|{{STN|Minami-Otari}}
|南小谷
|style="text-align:center;"| -
|style="text-align:right;"|70.1
|
|rowspan="3"|[[Otari, Nagano]]
|-
|{{STN|Nakatsuchi}}
|中土
|style="text-align:right;"|4.0
|style="text-align:right;"|74.1
| 
|-
|{{STN|Kita-Otari}}
|北小谷
|style="text-align:right;"|4.4
|style="text-align:right;"|78.5
| 
|-
|{{STN|Hiraiwa}}
|平岩
|style="text-align:right;"|5.5
|style="text-align:right;"|85.0
| 
|rowspan="6"|[[Itoigawa, Niigata]]
|-
|{{STN|Kotaki}}
|小滝
|style="text-align:right;"|6.8
|style="text-align:right;"|91.8
| 
|-
|{{STN|Nechi}}
|根知
|style="text-align:right;"|3.6
|style="text-align:right;"|95.4
| 
|-
|{{STN|Kubiki-Ōno}}
|頸城大野
|style="text-align:right;"|4.9
|style="text-align:right;"|100.3
| 
|-
|{{STN|Himekawa|Niigata}}
|姫川
|style="text-align:right;"|1.9
|style="text-align:right;"|102.2
| 
|-
|{{STN|Itoigawa}}
|糸魚川
|style="text-align:right;"|3.2
|style="text-align:right;"|105.4
|{{Plainlist|
* [[File:Shinkansen-W.png|16px]] [[Hokuriku Shinkansen]]
* [[File:Echigo-TOKImeki logomark.svg|25px]] [[Echigo Tokimeki Railway Nihonkai Hisui Line|ETR Nihonkai Hisui Line]]
}}
|}

==History==
The section between Matsumoto and {{STN|Shinano-Ōmachi}} was built between 1915 and 1916 by the {{nihongo|Shinano Railway|信濃鉄道|Shinano Tetsudō}}, which electrified the line in 1926. The company was nationalised in 1937 and was not the same entity as the present [[Shinano Railway]].{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

The rest of the line was built by the [[Japanese Government Railways]] (JGR) and the [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR) between 1929 and 1957. The Shinano-Ōmachi to Minami Otari section was electrified between 1959 and 1967. CTC signalling was commissioned in 1983, and freight services ceased in 1987.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

Following privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, the line was divided and assigned to JR East and JR West.

Station numbering was introduced on the line by JR East from 12 December 2016, with stations numbered in sequence from 9 (Minami-Otari) to 42 (Matsumoto).<ref name="jreast20161207">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/nagano/pdf/161207.pdf |script-title=ja: 大糸線に「駅ナンバー」を導入します |trans-title=Station numbering to be introduced on Oito Line|date= 7 December 2016|work= News release|publisher= East Japan Railway Company, Nagano Division|location= Japan |language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161208081159/http://www.jreast.co.jp/nagano/pdf/161207.pdf|archive-date= 8 December 2016|url-status=live |access-date= 8 December 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Japan|Trains}}
*[[List of railway lines in Japan]]

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Niigata transit}}
{{Nagano transit}}
{{East Japan Railway Company Lines}}
{{West Japan Railway Company Lines}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oito Line}}
[[Category:Ōito Line| ]]
[[Category:Lines of East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Lines of West Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Nagano Prefecture]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Niigata Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1915]]
[[Category:1067 mm gauge railways in Japan]]

Nonoichi Station (IR Ishikawa Railway)

2022-02-19T23:09:30Z

202.255.28.252: /* Surrounding area */

{{short description|Railway station in Nonoichi, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Nonoichi Station
| native_name = 野々市駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Nonoichi Station (JR, 2012).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Nonoichi Station in May 2012
| other_name =
| address = 1-1 Futsukaichi-machi, Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa-ken 921-0000
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|36|32|30|N|136|35|53|E|source:kolossus-jawiki|display=inline, title}}
| operator = [[File:JR logo (west).svg|20px]] [[JR West]]
| line = {{colorbull|DodgerBlue}} [[Hokuriku Main Line]]
| distance = 170.5 km from {{STN|Maibara}}
| platforms = 2 side platforms
| tracks = 2
| connections =
| structure =
| status = Staffed
| website = {{Official|1=http://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top.php?id=0541412}}
| opened = 23 March 1968
| rebuilt =
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 1758
| pass_year = FY2015
| map_type = Japan
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Nonoichi Station'''|野々市駅|Nonoichi-eki}} is a railway station on the [[Hokuriku Main Line]] in the city of [[Nonoichi, Ishikawa]], Japan, operated by [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR West).

==Lines==
Nonoichi Station is served by the [[Hokuriku Main Line]], and is 170.5 kilometers from the start of the line at {{STN|Maibara}}.

==Station layout==
The station consists of two opposed [[side platform]]s connected by a footbridge. The station is attended.

===Platforms===
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=1|first=2|name= Hokuriku Main Line|lwidth=150|linecol=DodgerBlue|dir= for {{STN|Komatsu}} and {{STN|Fukui|Fukui}}}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=2|first=3|nidx= Hokuriku Main Line|linecol= DodgerBlue|dir=for {{STN|Kanazawa}}}}

==Adjacent stations==
{{J-railservice start}}
{{J-route|route=Hokuriku Main Line|f=w|col=DodgerBlue}}
{{J-rserv|service=-|previous={{STN|Mattō}}|next={{STN|Nishi-Kanazawa}}|f=b}}
{{S-end}}

==History==
Nonoichi Station opened on 25 March 1968. With the privatization of [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR West.

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 1,758 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="ishikawa_stats">{{cite web |url= http://toukei.pref.ishikawa.jp/library/2015-data/27-10.pdf|script-title=ja: 駅別運輸実績|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2015)|year= 2016|publisher= Ishikawa Prefectural Government|location= Japan|language= Japanese|access-date= 2 January 2018}}</ref>

==Surrounding area==
*[[Okyōzuka_Site|Okyōzuka Site]]

==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official|1=http://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top.php?id=0541412}} {{in lang|ja}}

{{Hokuriku Main Line}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nonoichi Station (Jr West)}}
[[Category:Stations of West Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Ishikawa Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1968]]
[[Category:Hokuriku Main Line]]
[[Category:Nonoichi, Ishikawa]]

{{Ishikawa-railstation-stub}}

Nishi-Kanazawa Station

2022-02-19T01:06:08Z

202.255.28.252: /* History */

{{short description|Railway station in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Nishi-Kanazawa Station
| native_name = 西金沢駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Nishikanazawaeast.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Nishi-Kanazawa Station in April 2013
| other_name =
| address = 1-1 Nishi-Kanazawa, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa-ken 921-8054
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{Coord|36.5532064|136.6216367|format=dms|display=inline,title|type:railwaystation}}
| operator = [[File:JR logo (west).svg|20px]] [[JR West]]
| line = {{colorbull|DodgerBlue}} [[Hokuriku Main Line]]
| distance = 172.9 km from {{STN|Maibara}}
| platforms =1 island platform
| tracks = 2
| connections = {{Plainlist|
* [[Hokuriku Railroad Ishikawa Line]] ([[Shin-Nishi-Kanazawa Station]])
* Bus stop
}}
| structure =
| code =
| status = Staffed (''[[Midori no Madoguchi]]'')
| website = {{Official|1=http://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top.php?id=0541448}}
| opened = 1 August 1912
| rebuilt =
| closed =
| former = Nonoichi (to 1925)
| passengers = 2628
| pass_year = FY2015
| map_type = Japan
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Nishi-Kanazawa Station'''|西金沢駅|Nishi-Kanazawa-eki|}} is a [[railway station]] in the city of [[Kanazawa, Ishikawa|Kanazawa]], [[Ishikawa Prefecture]], [[Japan]].

==Lines==
Nishi-Kanazawa Station is served by the [[Hokuriku Main Line]], and is 172.9 kilometers from the start of the line at {{STN|Maibara}}.

==Station layout==
The station consists of one [[island platform]] connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station has a ''[[Midori no Madoguchi]]'' staffed ticket office.

===Platforms===
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=1|first=2|name= Hokuriku Main Line|lwidth=150|linecol=DodgerBlue|dir= for {{STN|Komatsu}} and {{STN|Fukui|Fukui}}}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=2|first=3|nidx= Hokuriku Main Line|linecol= DodgerBlue|dir=for {{STN|Kanazawa}}}}

==Adjacent stations==
{{J-railservice start}}
{{J-route|route=Hokuriku Main Line|f=w|col=DodgerBlue}}
{{J-rserv|service=-|previous={{STN|Nonoichi|JR West}}|next={{STN|Kanazawa}}|f=b}}
{{S-end}}

==History==
Nishi-Kanazawa Station opened on 1 August 1912 as {{nihongo|'''Nonoichi Station'''|野々市駅||}}. It was renamed to its present name on 1 October 1925. With the privatization of [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR West.

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 2,628 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="ishikawa_stats">{{cite web |url= http://toukei.pref.ishikawa.jp/library/2015-data/27-10.pdf|script-title=ja: 駅別運輸実績|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2015)|year= 2016|publisher= Ishikawa Prefectural Government|location= Japan|language= Japanese|access-date= 2 January 2018}}</ref>

==Surrounding area==
*The [[Hokuriku Railroad Ishikawa Line]] is also connected to the station with a separate building named [[Shin-Nishi-Kanazawa Station]] located on the east side of the JR station.

==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official|1=http://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top.php?id=0541448}} {{in lang|ja}}

{{Hokuriku Main Line}}

[[Category:Stations of West Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Ishikawa Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1912]]
[[Category:Hokuriku Main Line]]

{{Ishikawa-railstation-stub}}

Cross-platform interchange

2022-02-04T05:05:22Z

202.255.28.252: /* Tokyo */

{{More citations needed|date=July 2008}}
{{stack|float=right|[[File:InterchangeStation.png|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Diagram of a paired cross-platform interchange]]}}
A '''cross-platform interchange''' is a type of [[Interchange station|interchange]] between different lines at a [[rapid transit|metro]] (or other railway) station. The term originates with the [[London Underground]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=%22cross-platform+interchange%22#q=%22cross-platform+interchange%22&hl=en&tbs=nws:1,ar:1,sbd:1&ei=CmiBTf2VL5LksQOq6KCDAg&start=10&sa=N&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=a9fd55dcd046744b|title=Google News|access-date=2011-03-16}}</ref> such layouts exist in other networks but are not commonly so named. In the United States, it is often referred to as a "cross-platform transfer".

This configuration occurs at a station with [[island platform]]s, with a single platform in between the tracks allocated to two directions of travel, or two [[side platform]]s between the tracks, connected by level corridors. The benefit of this design is that passengers do not need to use stairs to another platform level for transfer. A cross-platform interchange arrangement may be costly due to the complexity of rail alignment, especially if the railway designers also arrange the track with flyovers (which is typically done to increase efficiency). A common two-directions cross-platform interchange configuration consists of two directions of two different lines sharing an island platform, and the respective return directions of both lines sharing a different island platform in the same station complex. Much rarer is a cross-platform interchange to transfer onto the same single line served by that station as in [[Kirkby railway station|Kirkby]] and [[Ormskirk railway station|Ormskirk]].

{{TOC limit|3}}

==Types==
[[File:Cross-platform transfer in Taipei metro.svg|thumb|right|The four cross-platform interchange stations in [[Taipei Metro]], showing the tripartite-interchange system on the right]]

===Two separate lines meeting end-on===
{{BS-map
|title = Ormskirk layout
|map =
{{BS2|CONTg|||[[Ormskirk branch line|to Preston]] }}
{{BS2|STR|O1=BSl|BSr||Platform 2}}
{{BS2|ENDEea|O1=BSl|BSr}}
{{BS2|STR|O1=BSl|BSr||Platform 1}}
{{BS2|CONTf|||[[Northern line (Merseyrail)|to Hunts Cross]] }}
}}
[[Kirkby railway station]] (until 1977) and [[Ormskirk railway station]] (until 1970) were [[double-track railway]], when they were converted into [[single-track railway]] with the track split in the centre by buffer stops placed back to back. The two ends of the single platform serve different routes, and interchange is by walking along the platform.

===Between different lines===
Common cross-platform interchanges allow passengers to change trains without changing to another platform. This applies at places where trains of different directions meet in minor and major hubs, but this arrangement is only found at some interchange stations in metro and other rail networks worldwide.

===Between different train categories===
Some railway lines, usually in more congested areas, also offer cross-platform interchanges between different categories of trains, for example between express and stopping ("local") trains. For instance, this kind of interchange is used at many European railway minor hubs to connect fast trains to local feeder services, as well as surface sections of suburban lines like the [[RER E]] in Paris or the [[Hudson Line (Metro-North)|Metro North Hudson Line]] in New York State. However, local–express interchanges are found in only a few metro networks, such as [[Chicago 'L'|Chicago]], [[Chengdu Metro|Chengdu]], [[London Underground|London]] (as in the case of Stratford [[#London|discussed below]]),<ref name=stratford>{{Cite web|url=https://anonw.com/2019/12/10/crossrail-and-stratford-station/dscn9932-11/|title = The Cross-Platform Interchange Between Crossrail and the Central Line at Stratford Station|date = 10 December 2019}}</ref> [[New York City Subway|New York City]], and [[Broad Street Line|Philadelphia]].{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} The New York City Subway system has numerous stations facilitating cross-platform transfers between local and express trains, typically using pairs of island platforms, each serving express trains on one side, and local trains on the other side, with both alternatives headed in the same direction.<ref name=MTA-HowtoRideSubway>{{cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/subway/howto_sub.htm |title=How to Ride the Subway |access-date=November 17, 2013}}</ref><ref name="IRT2007">{{cite book|author=[[Interborough Rapid Transit Company]]|title=IRT Interborough Rapid Transit / the New York City Subway: Its Design and Construction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZRiky7CzEkC&pg=PA30|access-date=February 27, 2016|date=June 2007|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-4303-2550-5}}{{self-published source|date=January 2021}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=February 2020}}

As express and stopping trains usually head for different directions, cross-platform interchange between different train categories (e.g. interchanges between metros and railways) is commonly combined with cross-platform interchanges between different lines.

==Service levels of connections==
[[File:Barking-London-Double-Cross-Platform-Interchange.jpg|thumb|right|Double cross platform interchange looking from one train through another train (which has its doors open on both sides) to reveal a third train at {{rws|Barking}} in [[London]]]]
In some, but not all, cases, the trains are coordinated in the timetable.

===Noncoordinated===
In the case, the cross-platform infrastructure offers the possibility of easily changing trains, independently from the waiting time for the second train. In metro systems with short headways, waiting time is small, but such an noncoordinated approach could reduce the advantages of stairless cross-platform interchange in railway networks with less dense train traffic.

===Coordinated===
A more advanced approach involves the coordination of the lines' [[Public transport timetable|timetables]] to reduce the scheduled changing time, either from one line to the other, or, ideally, bidirectionally, between both trains at the same time. This concept is widely used in [[Rail transport in the Netherlands|Dutch]], [[Rail transport in Germany|German]], and [[Rail transport in Switzerland|Swiss]] railway networks, where trains of different lines meet at the same platforms in numerous [[Clock-face scheduling#Hubs|hubs]] all over the country.

===Optimised, with connection guarantee===
Most advanced are coordinated cross-platform interchanges wherein interconnected trains also wait for each other to 'guarantee' scheduled interchanges, even in the event of modest delays. In order to still ensure on-time running across the network, additional waiting time for trains is usually limited to a certain period of time depending on general network performance, further connections to be guaranteed, train category, train line, and a balanced consideration of other factors.

In practice, most railways coordinating cross-platform interchanges define a certain waiting time window for each 'guaranteed' interchange. Some railway operators will briefly delay train departure signals to allow imminently arriving passengers time to interchange. For example, the [[Vienna U-Bahn]] metro signals train drivers to wait briefly, by operating a special white light signal triggered by the approach of an interchange train on another track.

==Example interchanges==
In most cases, only cross-platform interchanges used for both directions of travel are listed, with some exceptions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cartometro.com/|title=carto.metro.tramway.rer.funiculaire|publisher=Franklin Jarrier|access-date=2011-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gleisplanweb.bplaced.net/index.htm|title=Gleisplanweb|publisher=Christian Stade|access-date=2011-11-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130133506/http://gleisplanweb.bplaced.net/index.htm|archive-date=2011-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://maps.google.de/|title=Google Maps|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=2011-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/~yopopov/rrt/trackmaps/|title=Metro Track Maps|publisher=Yuri Popov|access-date=2011-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sporenplan.nl/html_nl/sporenplan/ns/ns_tram/start.html|title=Sporenplan.nl|publisher=Sven Zeegers|access-date=2011-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net|title=Urbanrail.net|publisher=Robert Schwandl|access-date=2011-11-19}}</ref>

===Asia===
====Beijing====
[[Guogongzhuang station]] offers cross-platform interchange between [[Line 9 (Beijing Subway)|Line 9]] and [[Fangshan line|Fangshan Line]]. [[National Library station]] offers cross-platform interchange between Lines 4 and 9. In addition [[Nanluoguxiang station]]<ref>(Chinese) [https://archive.today/20121127162723/http://www.baic.gov.cn/bj315/xfzbj/bjcx/201205/t20120517_742429.htm "南锣鼓巷地铁站可双向同台换乘" ''baic.gov.cn''] 2012-05-17</ref> (Lines 6 and 8), [[Zhuxinzhuang station]] ([[Changping line|Changping Line]] and Line 8), [[Beijing West railway station]] (Lines 7 and 9), [[Yancun East station]] (Fangshan Line and Yanfang Line) offer cross-platform interchange.

====Chengdu====
[[File:Xipu Metro Line.jpg|thumb|right|Cross-platform interchanges between different train categories in [[Xipu Railway Station]], Chengdu. The double track of [[Line 2 (Chengdu Metro)|Line 2 of Chengdu Metro]] is in the middle, while the double tracks of [[Rail transport in China|national rail transport system]] ([[Chengdu–Dujiangyan intercity railway]]) are on both sides.]]

[[Xipu Station]] in [[Chengdu]] provides cross-platform interchange between [[Line 2 (Chengdu Metro)|Line 2]] of [[Chengdu Metro]] and [[Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway]] of the [[Rail transport in China|national rail transport system]]. It is the first implementation of cross-platform interchanges between different train categories in China.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chengdu.gov.cn/special/yitihua/detail.jsp?id=277890 |title=成灌快铁犀浦站正式开建 |publisher=成都市官方网站 |date=2009-08-26 |access-date=2013-08-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424171235/http://www.chengdu.gov.cn/special/yitihua/detail.jsp?id=277890 |archive-date=April 24, 2014 }}</ref> Metro-only cross-platform interchanges exist between Lines [[Line 2 (Chengdu Metro)|2]], [[Line 4 (Chengdu Metro)|4]] and [[Line 5 (Chengdu Metro)|5]] at [[Chengdu University of TCM & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital station]] and outbound direction interchanges between [[Line 3 (Chengdu Metro)|Line 3]] and [[Line 10 (Chengdu Metro)|Line 10]] at Taipingyuan Station.

====Chongqing====
[[Line 5 (Chongqing Rail Transit)|Line 5]] and [[Line 6 (Chongqing Rail Transit)|Line 6]] of the [[Chongqing Rail Transit]] offer a paired cross-platform interchange for passengers transferring among 4 directions between the two lines at [[Ranjiaba Station|Ranjiaba]] and [[Dalongshan Station|Dalongshan]] stations.

====Dalian====
The [[Dalian Metro]] has a cross platform interchange between [[Line 1, Dalian Metro|Line 1]] and [[Line 12, Dalian Metro|Line 12]] at Hekou Station.

====Guangzhou====
[[Guangzhou Metro]] offers three two way cross-platform interchanges by 2016, between [[Line 2, Guangzhou Metro|Line 2]] and [[Line 3, Guangzhou Metro|Line 3]] at [[Jiahewanggang Station]], between [[Line 8, Guangzhou Metro|Line 8]] and the extended [[Guangfo Metro|Guangfo Line]] at [[Shayuan Station]] and one between both branches of Line 3 at [[Tiyu Xilu Station]]. At Tiyu Xilu Station the northern section of Line 3 terminates at the center track serving both island platforms connecting to the southern section of Line 3 stopping at the outer tracks. In 2016, a single direction cross platform interchange started operating between the westbound [[Line 7, Guangzhou Metro|Line 7]] and northbound [[Line 2, Guangzhou Metro|Line 2]] trains at [[Guangzhou South Railway Station]].

====Hangzhou====
[[Hangzhou Metro]]'s [[Hangzhou East Railway Station|East Railway Station]] and [[Pengbu station]] offer paired cross-platform interchange between [[Line 1, Hangzhou Metro|Line 1]] and [[Line 4, Hangzhou Metro|Line 4]]. [[Qianjiang Road station]] offers a single cross-platform interchange between [[Line 2, Hangzhou Metro|Line 2]] and [[Line 4, Hangzhou Metro|Line 4]]. There is a provision for another paired cross-platform interchange at [[West Lake Cultural Square station|West Lake Cultural Square]] and [[Wulin Square station|Wulin Square]] stations between Line 1 and the planned Line 3. Another provision for cross-platform interchange was also made at [[Coach Center station|Coach Center]] between Line 1 and Line 9. More cross-platform interchanges are operational including one at [[Zhejiang Chinese Medical University station]] between Lines 4 and 6.

====Hong Kong====
{{Tiu Keng Leng and Yau Tong stations|title=Cross-platform transfer system at [[Tiu Keng Leng station|Tiu Keng Leng]] and [[Yau Tong station|Yau Tong]]}}
[[File:Yau Tong Station.jpg|thumb|left|[[Yau Tong station]] cross-platform interchange]]
In the [[MTR|Mass Transit Railway]] (MTR) system, cross-platform interchange stations first appeared at [[Mong Kok station|Mong Kok]] and [[Prince Edward station|Prince Edward]] stations in [[Kowloon]] when [[Tsuen Wan line]] was opened and took over the southern half of the [[Modified Initial System]]. The interchange is two-station long, with '''inverse cross-platform''' interchange assigned to Prince Edward and '''same-directional''' interchange to Mong Kok as large volumes of traffic had been anticipated in both modes.

Popular with passengers, this design was repeated on [[Admiralty station (MTR)|Admiralty station]] when the [[Island line (MTR)|Island line]] in [[Victoria, Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] was opened to deal with the heavy opposite-directional interchange anticipated. Years later, another interchange spanning [[Tiu Keng Leng station]] (same directional) in the [[New Territories]] and [[Yau Tong station]] (opposite directional) in [[New Kowloon]] was built to the same configuration as [[Mong Kok station|Mong Kok]] and [[Prince Edward station|Prince Edward]].

The [[Ma On Shan line]] is specifically designed to follow [[Right- and left-hand traffic|right-hand traffic]] rules unlike other railway lines in Hong Kong to enable a single-direction cross-platform interchange at [[Tai Wai station]] to the [[East Rail line]] while keeping the two southbound platforms connected over ramps.

Another configuration found in [[Lai King station]] makes commute in both directions more convenient by aligning both tracks leading towards the city next to each other on one level, and both tracks leading away from city next to each other on the other level. The configuration for [[North Point station]] is similar to provide convenience for passengers travelling towards city, although the distance between the two platforms are longer compared to other stations.

Before the [[MTR–KCR merger]] in 2007, [[Nam Cheong station]] was served by [[MTR]]'s [[Tung Chung line]] and [[Kowloon–Canton Railway|KCR]]'s [[West Rail line|West Rail]] line. Due to the different fare system, platforms of southbound Tung Chung Line and northbound West Rail were separated by walls even though they were at the same elevation, with passageways between them and the two are connected with one instead of two sets of ticketing barriers. After the merger, some sections of the wall was demolished in order to provide cross-platform interchange between southbound Tung Chung Line and northbound [[West Rail line]]. However, this arrangement does not serve the dominant rush hour passenger flows, which are between [[New Territories]] and [[Hong Kong Island]], as well as between [[Lantau Island]] and [[Tsim Sha Tsui]].

By connecting East Rail and West Rail lines at [[Hung Hom station|Hung Hom]] without through-running, both lines were in the past terminated there alternating on both East/West Rail platforms to offer cross-platform interchanges.

At [[Sunny Bay station]], passengers on the Tung Chung Line from the city can make a cross-platform interchange to a [[Disneyland Resort line]] Train. However, the inverse is not the case, as passengers returning to the city from Hong Kong Disneyland need to use an overpass to catch a [[Hong Kong station|Hong Kong]]-bound train.

====Kuala Lumpur====
[[File:Putra_Heights_LRT_Terminal.jpg|thumb|left|Putra Heights is an interchange station between 2 LRT lines-[[Sri Petaling Line]] and [[Kelana Jaya Line]].]]
{{lrts|Putra Heights}} offers cross-platform interchange between [[Sri Petaling Line]] (Line 4) and [[Kelana Jaya Line]] (Line 5) while {{lrts|Chan Sow Lin}} offers cross-platform interchange between [[Ampang Line]] (Line 3) and [[Sri Petaling Line]] (Line 4). [[Tun Razak Exchange MRT station|Tun Razak Exchange]] also offers cross-platform interchange between MRT [[Kajang line|Kajang Line]] and the upcoming MRT [[Putrajaya line|Putrajaya Line]].

====Kyoto====
There is a cross-platform interchange between the [[Kyoto Municipal Subway Tozai Line]] and the [[Keihan Keishin Line]] at {{STN|Misasagi}}.

====Nanjing====
[[Nanjing Metro]]'s [[Nanjing South Railway Station]] offers cross-platform interchange between Lines 1 and 3 and single direction cross platform interchange between [[Line S1, Nanjing Metro|Line S1]] and [[Line S3, Nanjing Metro|Line S3]]. In addition, a cross platform interchange is available at [[Xiangyulunan Station]] between [[Line S1 (Nanjing Metro)|Line S1]] and [[Line S9 (Nanjing Metro)|Line S9]], and [[Konggangxinchengjiangning Station]] between Line S1 and [[Line S7 (Nanjing Metro)|Line S7]].<ref name=jschina1>{{Cite web|url=http://jsnews.jschina.com.cn/nj/a/201805/t20180506_1579931.shtml|title=江宁一波交通利好来袭宁句城际有望年底开工_中国江苏网|access-date=2018-05-06|last=韩震霞|work=jsnews.jschina.com.cn}}</ref>

====Nanning====
A paired cross platform interchange is available between [[Line 1, Nanning Rail Transit|Line 1]] and [[Line 2, Nanning Rail Transit|Line 2]] at [[Nanning railway station]] and Chaoyang Square station.

====Osaka====
The [[Osaka Metro]] has a cross-platform interchange between the [[Midosuji Line]] and the [[Yotsubashi Line]] at [[Daikokuchō Station|Daikokuchō]], where the platforms are at the same level.

[[Kintetsu Railway]] also has a cross-platform interchange between the [[Nara Line (Kintetsu)|Nara Line]] and the [[Osaka Line]] at [[Tsuruhashi Station|Tsuruhashi]], where the platforms are at the same level.

[[Hanshin Electric Railway|Hanshin Railway]] has a same direction cross-platform interchange between the [[Hanshin Namba Line|Namba Line]] and [[Hanshin Main Line]] at [[Amagasaki Station (Hanshin)|Amagasaki]].

====Qingdao====
Cross-platform interchange is available between [[Line 2, Qingdao Metro|Line 2]] and [[Line 3, Qingdao Metro|Line 3]] at Wusi Square Station. A provisions for cross platform interchange between Line 3 and the under construction Line 8 were made at [[Qingdao North Railway Station]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.qdxin.cn/qingdao/2017/131485.html|title=青岛迎来双地铁时代 2号线东段今开通试运行 - 信网{{!}}青岛财经生活服务门户|website=www.qdxin.cn|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref>

====Seoul====
[[Seoul Subway]] [[Geumjeong Station]] offers cross-platform transfer between [[Seoul Subway Line 1|Line 1]] local services and all [[Seoul Subway Line 4|4]] services. [[Gimpo Airport Station]] also offers cross-platform transfer between all [[Seoul Subway Line 9|Line 9]] services and [[AREX]] local service. Also several Line 1 stations offer cross-platform transfer between trains heading to [[Incheon Station|Incheon]] or [[Cheonan Station|Cheonan]]/[[Sinchang Station|Sinchang]].

====Shanghai====
[[Oriental Sports Center Station]] offers cross-platform interchange between Lines [[Line 6, Shanghai Metro|6]] and [[Line 11, Shanghai Metro|11]]. In addition, [[Hongqiao Railway Station (metro)|Hongqiao Railway Station]] provides cross platform interchange between Lines [[Line 2, Shanghai Metro|2]] and [[Line 17, Shanghai Metro|17]]. While [[Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 Station]] provides a single direction cross-platform interchange between the [[Line 2 (Shanghai Metro)|Line 2]] Pudong International Airport bound trains and [[Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)|Line 10]] Xinjiangwancheng bound trains.

====Shenzhen====
[[Shenzhen Metro|Shenzhen metro network]] includes cross-platform interchanges at [[Laojie Station|Laojie station]] (Lines 1 and 3) one direction on top of the other and at [[Huangbeiling Station|Huangbeiling station]] (LInes 2 and 5) with two parallel island platforms. Cross platform interchanges also have started operation in [[Chegongmiao Station|Chegongmiao]] (Lines 7 and 9), [[Hongshuwan South Station|Hongshuwan South]] (Lines 9 and 11) and constructed for future use at Huangmugang and Nanyou stations.

====Singapore====
[[File:Cross platform interchange of Bayfront station.jpg|right|thumb|[[Bayfront MRT station|Bayfront interchange]] in [[Singapore]]]]

The [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]] system in [[Singapore]] has a similar two-station transfer arrangement to allow quick transfers between [[North South MRT Line|North South]] and [[East West MRT Line|East West]] lines. Both [[City Hall MRT station]] and [[Raffles Place MRT station]] have double underground [[island platforms]] stacked on top the other, allowing commuters to switch trains to a different line by walking across the same platform at the appropriate station.

[[Jurong East MRT station]] has a less complicated arrangement, with the terminating rail for the [[North South MRT Line|North South Line]] aligned between that of the [[East West MRT Line|East West Line]], allowing commuters to alight and board simultaneously on either side, with an additional rail for the [[North South MRT Line|North South Line]] used during peak hours. [[Tanah Merah MRT station]] also has a similar arrangement, with the terminating rail for the East West line Changi Airport Extension aligned between the two the East West line platforms, allowing commuters to alight and board simultaneously on either side too.

The [[Bayfront MRT station]] is also a cross-platform interchange with double underground [[island platforms]] between the Marina Bay branch of the [[Circle MRT Line|Circle Line]] and [[Downtown MRT Line|Downtown Line]]; the original plans for [[Promenade MRT station]] contained a similar arrangement but the existing [[Circle MRT Line|Circle Line]] tracks to and from Dhoby Ghaut need to be crossed at the same levels by [[Downtown MRT Line|Downtown Line]] trains.

====Tehran====
[[Sadeghieh (Tehran) Metro Station|Sadeghieh metro station]] of [[Tehran Metro|Tehran metro]] offers cross-platform interchanges between both terminating metro lines 2 and 5; while suburban line 5 uses the outer tail tracks of each platform, metro line 2 uses one platform for alighting and the other for boarding. Line 2 uses platforms 2 and 3, and Line 5 uses platforms 1 and 4. [[Eram-e Sabz Metro Station|Eram-e Sabz metro station]] also has a cross-platform interchange. It has a cross platform interchange between Lines 4 and 5. Line 4 uses platforms 1 and 4, and Line 5 uses platforms 2 and 3.

====Taipei====
[[File:Cross-platform interchange on the B3 platform in Guting Station.jpg|thumb|right|[[Guting Station]], a main interchange station of [[Taipei Metro]], provides cross-platform interchange between the [[Xindian Line]] (Green Line) and [[Orange Line (Taipei Metro)|Zhonghe Xinlu Line]] (Orange Line) in [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]].]]

The [[Taipei Metro]] has four stations for cross-platform interchanges: [[Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall Station]] (between the [[Songshan-Xindian Line (Taipei Metro)|Songshan-Xindian Line]] and [[Tamsui-Xinyi Line (Taipei Metro)|Tamsui-Xinyi Line]]), [[Ximen Station]] (between the [[Songshan-Xindian Line (Taipei Metro)|Songshan-Xindian Line]] and [[Bannan Line (Taipei Metro)|Bannan Line]]), [[Guting Station]] (between the [[Songshan-Xindian Line (Taipei Metro)|Songshan-Xindian Line]] and the [[Zhonghe-Xinlu Line (Taipei Metro)|Zhonghe-Xinlu Line]]) and [[Dongmen Station]] (between [[Zhonghe-Xinlu Line (Taipei Metro)|Zhonghe-Xinlu Line]] and the [[Tamsui-Xinyi Line (Taipei Metro)|Tamsui-Xinyi Line]]). All these stations have two [[island platform]]s on different floors, most of them are same-direction cross-platform configuration except Dongmen Station which has an inverse cross-platform.

[[Beitou Station]] allows for cross-platform transfers for southbound trains only due to differing operating routes.

====Tokyo====
[[File:Rail Tracks map Tokyo Metro Akasaka-mitsuke Station.svg|thumb|right|Akasaka-mitsuke station track diagram, showing how cross-platform transfer works]]
In the [[Tokyo Metro]], [[Akasaka-mitsuke Station]] provides cross-platform transfer between [[Ginza Line]] and [[Marunouchi Line]].

At [[Omotesandō Station]], transfer between Ginza Line and [[Hanzōmon Line]] can be done on its two island platforms at the same level. [[Shirokane-takanawa Station]] uses the same way to offer cross-platform interchange between [[Tokyo Metro Namboku Line|Namboku Line]] and [[Toei Mita Line|Mita Line]].

At [[Kudanshita Station]], cross-platform interchange is possible between a Shinjuku bound [[Toei Shinjuku Line|Shinjuku Line]] train and an Oshiage bound [[Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line|Hanzōmon Line]] train.

In [[East Japan Railway Company|JR-East]] commuter network at [[Shinjuku Station]], transfers between [[Yamanote Line]] and [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]] use directional cross-platform interchange on two parallel island platforms.
Between {{STN|Tamachi|Tokyo}} and {{STN|Tabata|Tokyo}}, there are cross-platform interchanges between the Yamanote Line and the [[Keihin-Tohoku Line]]. At [[Ochanomizu Station]], cross-platform interchange is between [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]] and [[Chūō Rapid Line]].

In the [[Tokyu Corporation|Tokyu Railway]] network at [[Ōokayama Station]], cross platform interchange is provided between the [[Tōkyū Meguro Line|Meguro Line]] and the [[Tōkyū Ōimachi Line|Ōimachi Line]]. In addition [[Naka-Meguro Station]] provides cross platform interchange is available between the [[Tōkyū Tōyoko Line]] and [[Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line]], and [[Futako-Tamagawa Station]] provides a cross platform interchange between the [[Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line]] and [[Tōkyū Ōimachi Line]].

====Wuhan====
[[File:English zhongnan & hongguang.svg|thumb|Wuhan's paired cross-platform transfer]]
[[Line 2 (Wuhan Metro)|Line 2]] and [[Line 4 (Wuhan Metro)|Line 4]] of [[Wuhan Metro]]'s [[Hongshan Square station]] and [[Zhongnan Road station]] offer paired cross-platform interchange for passengers transferring among 4 directions of the two lines. The configuration for the two stations is similar to that of [[Mong Kok station|Mong Kok]] and [[Prince Edward station|Prince Edward]] stations in [[Hong Kong]]'s [[MTR|Mass Transit Railway]] (see above).<ref name="武汉地铁2号4号线将采取“连续同站台换乘”模式">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnhubei.com/news/ctdsb/ctdsbsgk/ctdsb25/200805/t325004.shtml |title=武汉地铁2号4号线将采取"连续同站台换乘"模式 |access-date=7 February 2012 }}{{dead link|date=December 2016}}</ref> Passengers riding on Line 2 from [[Hankou]] wishing to reach [[Wuchang railway station]], can transfer at [[Zhongnan Road station]] by crossing the platform. Those who going to [[Wuhan railway station]], can transfer at [[Hongshan Square station]] by crossing the platform, and vice versa.<ref name="同台换乘">{{cite web |publisher=长江日报 |script-title=zh:2号线最宽地铁站 4条隧道贯通一半 |url=http://cjmp.cnhan.com/cjrb/html/2011-12/17/content_4936326.htm |author=颜波 |date=2011-12-17 |access-date=2011-12-17 |language=zh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121206001321/http://cjmp.cnhan.com/cjrb/html/2011-12/17/content_4936326.htm |archive-date=2012-12-06 }}</ref> Two more cross platform interchanges opened in Wuhan at [[Zhongjiacun station]] between [[Line 4 (Wuhan Metro)|Line 4]] and [[Line 6 (Wuhan Metro)|Line 6]], and [[Hongtu Boulevard station]] between [[Line 2 (Wuhan Metro)|Line 2]] and [[Line 3 (Wuhan Metro)|Line 3]].

====Zhengzhou====
*[[Shibalihe station|Shibalihe Station]] offers cross-platform interchange between [[Line 2, Zhengzhou Metro|Line 2]] and [[Line 9, Zhengzhou Metro|Line 9]]. Line 2 uses platforms 2 and 3 while Line 9 uses platforms 1 and 4. It already serves the [[Chengjiao line]], which will be part of future line 9.
* Future interchanges:
** [[Zhengzhou East Railway Station]] will provide cross-platform interchange between [[Line 5, Zhengzhou Metro|Line 5]] and [[Line 8, Zhengzhou Metro|Line 8]]. Line 5 uses platforms 3 and 6 while Line 8 uses platforms 4 and 5. The station already serves [[Line 1, Zhengzhou Metro|Line 1]], using platform 1 and 2 which on floor -2.
** [[Zhangjiacun station|Zhangjiacun Station]], under construction, will provide interchange between [[Line 4, Zhengzhou Metro|Line 4]] and [[Line 7, Zhengzhou Metro|Line 7]]. Line 4 uses platforms 2 and 3 while Line 7 uses platforms 1 and 4. Line 4 will open in 2020.
** [[Dingruijie station|Dingruijie Station]], under construction, end of [[Line 16, Zhengzhou Metro|Line 16]], will provide interchange between [[Line 4, Zhengzhou Metro|Line 4]] and [[Line 16, Zhengzhou Metro|Line 16]]. Line 4 uses platforms 1 and 4 while Line 7 uses platforms 2 and 3. Line 4 will open in 2020.
* [[Shibalihe station|Shibalihe Station]] has already operated for [[Chengjiao Line, Zhengzhou Metro|Chengjiao Line]].

Note: Lines 4 and 5 are under construction while Lines 7 and 8 are preparing to start construction. Line 9 and 16 are still under planning.

===Europe===
====Amsterdam====
[[Amsterdam Metro|Amsterdam metro]] network includes cross-platform interchanges at [[Van der Madeweg metro station|Van der Madeweg station]] between metro lines 50 and 53 and at [[Amsterdam Zuid railway station|Amsterdam South station]] between metro lines 50 and 52. Further, cross-platform connections are offered at [[Amsterdam Amstel railway station|Amstel station]] between metro lines 51, 53, 54 and suburban and intercity services of [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen|Netherlands Railways]].

====Barcelona====
By 2011, [[Barcelona Metro|Barcelona metro]] only offers one cross-platform interchange between metro lines [[Barcelona Metro line 4|L4]] and [[Barcelona Metro line 11|L11]] at [[Trinitat Nova (Barcelona Metro)|Trinitat Nova station]] where both lines terminate on one track each side of the shared island platform.

====Berlin====
The [[Berlin S-Bahn|Berlin suburban rail]] network includes cross-platform transfers at [[Berlin Ostbahnhof|Berlin East]] and at [[Baumschulenweg railway station|Baumschulenweg]] / [[Berlin Schöneweide railway station|Schöneweide]], [[Berlin Bornholmer Straße railway station|Bornholmer Straße]], [[Berlin Gesundbrunnen railway station|Gesundbrunnen]], [[Berlin Treptower Park railway station|Treptower Park]] and [[Berlin Wannsee railway station|Wannsee]] suburban railway stations.

[[Berlin U-Bahn|Berlin metro]] services offer cross-platform connections at [[Mehringdamm (Berlin U-Bahn)|Mehringdamm]] (metro lines [[U6 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U6]]/[[U7 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U7]]), [[U Nollendorfplatz|Nollendorfplatz]] (metro line [[U4 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U4]] with outbound lines [[U1 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U1]]/[[U3 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U3]]) and [[Wittenbergplatz (Berlin U-Bahn)|Wittenbergplatz]] (metro lines [[U2 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U2]]/[[U3 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U3]], outbound also [[U1 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U1]]) metro stations.

Additionally, [[Berlin Wuhletal railway station|Wuhletal]] station offers cross-platform interchanges between lines S5 of [[Berlin S-Bahn|Berlin suburban rail]] and [[U5 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U5]] of [[Berlin U-Bahn|Berlin metro]].

[[Jungfernheide (Berlin U-Bahn)|Jungfernheide]] metro station was built for cross-platform interchanges between line U7 and an extended line U5 towards [[Tegel Airport]]; the extension plan was abandoned following the decision to replace Tegel Airport with [[Berlin Brandenburg Airport]]. A part of one of the U5 tunnels is used by Berlin [[firefighter]]s for fire and rescue training in a metro tunnel with an original train taken out-of-service. Similar provisions were also made at [[Schloßstraße (Berlin U-Bahn)|Schloßstraße]] metro station for cross-platform interchanges between line U9 and a never realised line U10.

====Bochum====
In [[Bochum]]'s light rail and tram network (operated by [[Bogestra]]), a cross-platform interchange is offered at [[Bochum Hauptbahnhof|Bochum Hauptbahnhof (Bochum Main Railway Station)]] between light rail line U35 and sub-surface tram lines 302 and 310 on the lower level of the underground light rail station complex. U35 and 302/310 services to the south and southeast, and to the north and north-east stop at the same platforms.

====Brussels====
[[Brussels South railway station]] offers an interesting example of double-level cross-platform interchange, where the goal is to make it easier for passengers to "double back". The metro and premetro lines interweave so that, for example, one can arrive on the metro 2 or 6 from the north-east, walk across the island platform, and catch a tram 3 or 4 going south-east. Passengers making this journey in the opposite direction use the level below. Similar cross-platform interchanges offers [[Beekkant metro station|Beekkant station]] between metro lines 1/5 and 2/6; in this area, lines 1/5 run on the right while lines 2/6 run on the left due to historical layout when formerly line 1B between Herrmann Debroux and Roi Baudoin stations branched off line 1B (running between Stockel and Erasme stations) and line 1A needed to change driving direction at Beekkant station. At Brussels North premetro station cross platform interchange is offered between tram lines 25 and 55 coming from Schaerbeek to the premetro lines 3 and 4 towards the city center.

==== Bucharest ====
[[Basarab metro station|Basarab station]] of metro lines [[Bucharest Metro Line M1|M1]] and [[Bucharest Metro Line M4|M4]] is the only cross-platform interchange in the [[Bucharest Metro|Bucharest metro]] network where lines cross each other.

==== Charleroi ====
[[Charleroi Pre-metro|Charleroi premetro]] includes two stations, Beaux-Arts and Waterloo, with possible cross-platform interchanges.

==== Cologne ====
The only cross-platform interchange of the [[Cologne Stadtbahn|Cologne premetro network]] is [[Ebertplatz (KVB)|Ebertplatz station]], where passengers can change easily between high and low floor lines sharing an island platform for each direction.

==== Copenhagen ====
The [[S-train|Copenhagen suburban network]] contains cross-platform interchanges between circle line F and lines B, C, E at [[Hellerup station]].

==== Duisburg ====
[[Rheinbahn|Duisburg premetro network]] includes two cross-platform interchange stations, [[Duisburg Hauptbahnhof|Duisburg Hauptbahnhof (Duisburg Main Railway Station)]] for same-direction interchange and König-Heinrich-Platz station for opposite-direction interchange.

==== Düsseldorf ====
[[Düsseldorf Stadtbahn|Düsseldorf premetro network]] contains a four-track route between [[Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof|Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof (Düsseldorf Main Railway Station)]] and [[Heinrich-Heine-Allee (VRR)|Heinrich-Heine-Allee station]] comprising two island platforms for same-direction cross-platform interchange at each station; while at both mentioned stations, the two platforms are located parallel, they are built one above the other at both intermediate stations.

==== Essen ====
[[Essen#Public transport|Essen premetro network]] includes two stations with cross-platform interchange on two parallel island platforms at [[Essen Hauptbahnhof|Essen Hauptbahnhof (Essen Main Railway Station)]] and Essen Rathaus station; cross-platform connections at Essen Hauptbahnhof are between standard-gauge premetro lines and metre-gauge sub-surface tram lines.

==== Frankfurt (Main) ====
At [[Frankfurt Konstablerwache station|Konstablerwache station]], Frankfurt's [[Rhine-Main S-Bahn|suburban train]] lines S1 to S6, S8 and S9 and [[Frankfurt U-Bahn|Frankfurt premetro]] lines U6 and U7 share one island platform for each direction, with the suburban railway (inner) side of the platforms being much longer than for the premetro. Also, the premetro station located at [[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof|Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof (Frankfurt Main Railway Station)]] was once designed for cross-platform transfers between different [[Frankfurt U-Bahn|Frankfurt premetro]] lines but is now only used by premetro lines U4/U5 running along the same corridor.

==== Hamburg ====
[[Hamburg U-Bahn|Hamburg metro]] offers cross-platform interchanges at [[Barmbek station|Barmbek]] (between circle and branch of metro line U3), [[Berliner Tor station|Berliner Tor]] (between metro lines U2/U4 and U3), [[Kellinghusenstraße station|Kellinghusenstraße]] (between metro lines U1 and U3) and Wandsbek-Gartenstadt (between metro lines U1 and U3) metro stations; all cross-platform interchanges are also timetable coordinated to make it as easy and convenient for the passengers as possible.

Another cross-platform interchange is used at the northwestern terminus of metro line U1 at [[Norderstedt Mitte (Hamburg U-Bahn station)|Norderstedt Mitte station]] where metros use the outer tracks and interconnect with the non-electrified suburban line A2 of AKN private railway company terminating on the center track in between the two island platforms.

[[Hamburg S-Bahn|Hamburg suburban railway]] offers cross-platform interchanges at [[Hamburg-Altona station|Altona station]] and [[Hamburg Hauptbahnhof|Hamburg Hauptbahnhof (Hamburg Main Railway Station)]] ensuring short connections for four of five branches to both inner city routes.

==== Hanover ====
[[Hanover Stadtbahn|Hanover premetro]] offers two cross-platform interchanges, one at [[Hannover Hauptbahnhof|Hannover Hauptbahnhof (Hanover Main Railway Station)]] and one at Aegidientorplatz station.

==== London ====
[[File:Finchley Road tube station - geograph.org.uk - 671881.jpg|thumb|left|Cross-platform transfer at [[Finchley Road tube station|Finchley Road]]]]
[[File:Cross-platform Oxford Circus.png|thumb|right|A simplified diagram of a Cross-platform interchange at [[Oxford Circus tube station]], between the [[Bakerloo line]] and the [[Victoria line]]]]

In [[London]]'s [[London Underground|deep-level tube network]], these usually occur in pairs for both directions of two lines. This allows for extremely quick and convenient interchange. The effect is that the two lines, despite having completely separate operation, can be treated by passengers as branches of a single network.

Examples include:
* Several slow and fast services have multiple cross-platform interchanges. [[Finchley Road tube station|Finchley Road]] offers cross platform transfers between the fast [[Metropolitan line]] and slow [[Jubilee line]] at surface level before diverging from [[Wembley Park tube station|Wembley Park]]. [[Acton Town tube station|Acton Town]], [[Barons Court tube station|Barons Court]], [[Turnham Green tube station|Turnham Green]] and [[Hammersmith tube station (Piccadilly and District lines)|Hammersmith]] all have cross platform transfers between the fast [[Piccadilly line]] and the slow [[District line]].
* [[Mile End tube station|Mile End]] has cross platform transfers between the [[District line|District]]/[[Hammersmith & City line|Hammersmith & City]] and [[Central line (London Underground)|Central]] lines at sub-surface level.
* [[Stratford station|Stratford]] has cross platform between the [[Central line (London Underground)|Central line]] and [[National Rail]] [[TfL Rail]] services.<ref name=stratford />
* For the deep-level interchanges the term "same level interchange" is sometimes preferred as there is invariably an intermediate circulating area between the platforms. Convenient same level interchanges feature at various [[Victoria line]] stations, including [[Stockwell tube station|Stockwell]] with the [[Northern line]] and [[Euston tube station|Euston]] with the Bank branch of the [[Northern line]]; [[Oxford Circus tube station|Oxford Circus]] with the [[Bakerloo line]]; [[Finsbury Park station|Finsbury Park]] with the [[Piccadilly line]]; and [[Highbury and Islington]] with the [[Northern City Line]]. There is also a cross platform interchange at [[Baker Street tube station|Baker Street]] between the Bakerloo and Jubilee lines.

==== Lisbon ====
The [[Lisbon Metro]] has two stations with an island platform and two side platforms (with the island platform being used for single-direction cross-platform interchanges between lines entering downtown Lisbon): [[Baixa-Chiado (Lisbon Metro)]] (which has an inbound cross-platform transfer between the Green Line and the Blue Line) and [[Campo Grande (Lisbon Metro)|Campo Grande]] (which has an inbound cross-platform transfer between the Green Line and the Yellow Line). Transfers between trains leaving downtown Lisbon require passengers to change platforms.

[[CP Urban Services|Lisbon regional rail]] has cross-platform interchanges on the belt line within [[Lisbon]] as well as on the [[Sintra]] line, where [[Sintra]] line trains connect with [[Azambuja]] line trains.

==== Liverpool ====
[[Kirkby railway station]] (until 1977) and [[Ormskirk railway station]] (until 1970) were [[double-track railway]], when they were converted into [[single-track railway]] with cross-platform interchange.
[[File:Kirkby Station - geograph.org.uk - 747868.jpg|thumb|[[Kirkby railway station]] [[single-track railway]] [[Interchange station|interchange]] (former [[double-track railway]]]]

==== Madrid ====
[[Madrid Metro]] uses cross-platform interchanges mainly for easy transfer between urban and suburban sections operated separately on metro lines 7 (Estadio Olimpico), 9 (Puerta de Arganda) and 10 (Tres Olivos). At Casa de Campo station, metro lines 5 and 10 are interconnected cross-platform with line 5 terminating on center track in between the island platforms shared with line 10. At Principe Pio station, metro lines 6 and 10 share an island platform for each direction. Further applications of cross-platform interchanges connect only one direction of each line, for example at Pinar de Chamartín station between metro lines 1 and 4.

==== Milan ====
[[Cadorna (Milan Metro)|Cadorna FN]] station on [[Milan Metro]] serves as interchange between [[Milan Metro Line 1|M1]] and [[Milan Metro Line 2|M2]] lines (the other one is [[Loreto (Milan Metro)|Loreto]]). Each line is served by a couple of [[side platform]]s located on the same level. This provides a direct link between M1 northbound platform (towards [[Sesto 1º Maggio (Milan Metro)|Sesto 1° Maggio]]) and M2 southbound platform (towards [[Abbiategrasso (Milan Metro)|Abbiategrasso]] or [[Assago Milanofiori Forum (Milan Metro)|Assago Milanofiori Forum]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.milanocittastato.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/mm1_cadorna_spaccato_3.jpg|title=Station cutaway highlighting M1 (red) and M2 (green) lines}}</ref> All the other connections have to be done through the upper level mezzanine.

==== Moscow ====
[[File:Китай-Город (станция метро), зал южного направления, указатели.JPG|thumbnail|Kitay-gorod station, interchange signs]]
The following stations have cross-platform interchanges in [[Moscow Metro]]:
* [[Kitay-gorod (Moscow Metro)|Kitay-gorod]] has the cross-platform interchanges between [[Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line|Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya]] and [[Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line|Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya]] lines.
* [[Tretyakovskaya (Moscow Metro)|Tretyakovskaya]] offers passengers to cross between [[Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line|Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya]] and [[Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya line|Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya]] lines.
* [[Kuntsevskaya]] has a cross-platform interchange between westbound [[Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line]] platform and termination platform of [[Filyovskaya line]].
* [[Kashirskaya]] – cross-platform interchange between [[Zamoskvoretskaya line|Zamoskvoretskaya]] and future [[Bolshaya Koltsevaya line|Bolshaya Koltsevaya]] lines.
* [[Park Pobedy (Moscow Metro)|Park Pobedy]], between [[Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line|Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya]] and [[Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya line|Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya]] lines
* [[Petrovsko-Razumovskaya]], between [[Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line|Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya]] and [[Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line|Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya]] lines.
* [[Nizhegorodskaya (Moscow Metro)|Nizhegorodskaya]], between [[Nekrasovskaya line|Nekrasovskaya]] and future [[Bolshaya Koltsevaya line|Bolshaya Koltsevaya]] lines.

==== Mülheim (Ruhr) ====
Mülheim located roughly in the centre of the [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr|Rhein-Ruhr premetro]] network offers selected cross-platform interchanges at [[Mülheim (Ruhr) Hauptbahnhof|Mülheim (Ruhr) Hauptbahnhof (Mülheim Main Railway Station)]].

==== Munich ====
[[Munich U-Bahn|Munich metro]] offers coordinated cross-platform connections at both ''[[Scheidplatz (Munich U-Bahn)|Scheidplatz]]'' (metro lines U2/U3) and ''[[Innsbrucker Ring (Munich U-Bahn)|Innsbrucker Ring]]'' (metro lines U2/U5) metro stations; all same-direction connections are optimised, so that usually U2 and U3 respectively U5 trains of the same direction arrive, stop and depart at the same time.

''[[München Neuperlach Süd station|Neuperlach Süd]]'' is a combined station for [[Munich U-Bahn|Munich metro]] and [[Munich S-Bahn|Munich suburban rail]]. Original plans intended cross-platform interchanges in both directions at parallel [[island platform]]s. However, [[Munich S-Bahn|Munich suburban rail]] is still single-track there and offers therefore only cross-platform interchange in the outbound direction and from outbound (terminating) [[Munich U-Bahn|Munich metro]] U5 services to inbound [[Munich S-Bahn|Munich suburban rail]] S7 services. Although possible, the arrival and departure times of both lines are not matched together.

Within the [[Munich S-Bahn|Munich S-Bahn (suburban rail)]] network, ''[[München-Westkreuz railway station|Westkreuz]]'', ''[[München-Giesing railway station|Giesing]]'', ''[[München Berg am Laim railway station|Berg am Laim]]'' and ''[[München Flughafen Besucherpark railway station|Besucherpark]]'' junction stations offer cross-platform interchanges for transfers between both branches. Under discussion are cross-platform interchanges in the same running direction for connecting the central bypass to the existing trunk route at least at ''[[München-Laim station|Laim]]'' and ''[[München-Leuchtenbergring station|Leuchtenbergring]]'' stations.

At ''[[München Donnersbergerbrücke station|Donnersbergerbrücke]]'' suburban station, cross-platform interchanges can be made in the same running direction between the [[Munich S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] lines along the trunk route and lines S7, S27, [[Bayerische Oberlandbahn|BOB]]; although not interconnected by timetables. However, the [[Munich S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] lines along the trunk route run frequently during most of the day: every 2 to 6 minutes on lines except S7, and every 2 to 4 minutes including the S7.

At ''[[München Ost station|Ostbahnhof]]'', cross-platform interchanges have been possible since 2004 between regional trains from [[Rosenheim]] and [[Mühldorf]] to [[Munich S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] lines towards [[Ebersberg]], [[Erding]] and [[Munich Airport]] (only in these directions).

Further cross-platform interchanges between [[Munich S-Bahn]] and regional trains can be made at ''[[Freising]]'', ''[[Petershausen]]'', ''[[Geltendorf]]'', ''[[Grafing]] Bahnhof'' and ''[[Markt Schwaben]]'' stations, as [[Munich S-Bahn]] partly runs on mainline tracks anyway.

==== Nuremberg ====
[[Nuremberg U-Bahn|Nuremberg metro]] includes one cross-platform interchange between metro lines U1/U11 and U2/U21/U3 at underground [[Plärrer (Nuremberg U-Bahn)|Plärrer metro station]] where the outbound metro platform is located above the inbound.

==== Nizhny Novgorod ====
[[Nizhny Novgorod Metro|Nizhny Novgorod metro's]] Moskovskaya station is prepared to offer cross-platform interchanges at a later point of time between both metro lines; before 2012, both lines terminate there and are connected to through running operation eliminating any needs to change trains. After an extension was completed for Line 1 beyond Moskovskaya station, cross-platform interchange was put in use to transfer between both lines.

==== Paris ====
[[Paris Métro]] has cross-platform interchange at [[La Motte-Picquet – Grenelle]] stations between [[Paris Métro line 8]] and [[Paris Métro line 10|line 10]], as well as [[Louis Blanc (Paris Metro)]] between [[Paris Metro Line 7]] and [[Paris Metro Line 7bis]].

[[Paris RER]] suburban network includes cross-platform interchanges between trains of different lines at several major hubs:
* [[Châtelet - Les Halles (Paris RER)|Châtelet - Les Halles]] between lines [[RER A]] and [[RER B]]
* [[Gare du Nord|Paris North station]] between lines [[RER B]] and [[RER D]]
It also includes cross-platform interchanges between express and local trains at several stations of the RER suburban network:
* [[RER B]] at [[Massy - Palaiseau (Paris RER)|Massy - Palaiseau]]
* [[RER E]] at [[Val de Fontenay (Paris RER)|Val de Fontenay]]. Its final station [[Chelles - Gournay (Paris RER)|Chelles - Gournay]] also offers cross-platform interchange between local RER E trains and express [[Transilien Paris - Est|Transilien P]] trains.

==== Rhine-Ruhr area ====
The [[S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr|suburban services]] in the German Rhine-Ruhr area include cross-platform interchanges at Dortmund-Dorstfeld station between lines S2 and S4 (including coordinated timetables), at [[Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof]] and at [[Essen Hauptbahnhof]].

For information about the [[Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn]] (premetro) network, see among the related cities (Bochum, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Essen, Mülheim).

==== St. Petersburg ====
[[Tekhnologichesky Institut]] offers cross-platform interchange between lines 1 and 2.

[[Sportivnaya (Saint Petersburg Metro)|Sportivnaya]] will have a cross-platform interchange between lines 5 and 8, but [[:ru:Кольцевая линия (Санкт-Петербург)|line 8]] is not built yet.

==== Stockholm ====
[[Stockholm Metro]] includes cross-platform interchanges at [[T-Centralen metro station|T-Centralen (Main Railway Station)]], [[Gamla stan metro station|Gamla stan]] and [[Slussen metro station|Slussen]] metro stations between red and green metro lines, where [[T-Centralen metro station|T-Centralen (Main Railway Station)]] offers opposite-direction connections while the latter two make cross-platform connections possible in the same direction. Additionally, passengers between [[Nockebybanan]] and green metro lines can change cross-platform at [[Alvik metro station|Alvik station]]. [[Södertälje Hamn railway station]] on the [[Stockholm commuter rail]] network provides optimised transfer between the J40, J41 and J48 lines.

==== Vienna ====
[[Vienna U-Bahn|Vienna metro]] optimised cross-platform connections at Längenfeldgasse station between lines U4 and U6 by demanding trains to wait as soon as the connecting train is approaching in case of delays or during different train intervals operated; this additional functionality is carried out by a special white light signal demanding the driver to wait. Before line U2 was extended from Schottenring further east, U2 trains terminated at (upper) U4 platform level on a center track sharing platforms with U4 trains on both sides; originally, this station level had been used for merging U2 and U4 lines and consisted of 4 tracks with 2 island platforms, but both platforms were merged to a single island platform after U2 extension opened.

===North America===

==== Boston ====
A southbound-only cross-platform transfer is provided between the [[MBTA]] [[Orange Line (MBTA)|Orange Line]] and [[Green Line (MBTA)|Green Line]] at [[North Station (subway)|North Station]], additionally there is another interchange at Kenmore so riders can take one of the many different branches.

==== Chicago ====
In the [[Chicago "L"]] metro network, [[Howard (CTA station)|Howard]], [[Wilson station (CTA)|Wilson]], [[Belmont (CTA North Side Main Line station)|Belmont]] and [[Fullerton (CTA station)|Fullerton]] stations offer cross-platform interchange in the same direction between different lines.

==== Jersey City and Newark ====
[[File:PATH PA-5.jpg|thumb|left|Sign for cross-platform transfer at Journal Square]]
The [[PATH (rail system)|PATH]] system, serving the [[New York metropolitan area]], contains two cross-platform interchanges in [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] and [[Newark, New Jersey]]. At [[Journal Square Transportation Center]] in Jersey City, there is a cross-platform transfer between terminating [[Journal Square–33rd Street]] and [[Journal Square–33rd Street (via Hoboken)]] trains, and through [[Newark–World Trade Center]] trains. At [[Pennsylvania Station (Newark)|Pennsylvania Station]] in Newark, there is a cross-platform interchange between Newark–World Trade Center and [[NJ Transit]] trains bound for [[New York City]]. Newark Penn Station also contains a cross-platform interchange for NJ Transit trains coming from New York City.

A paid cross-platform connection exists between the [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson]] rapid transit system and [[Amtrak]] and [[New Jersey Transit rail operations|NJT]] trains at [[Pennsylvania Station (Newark)|Newark Penn Station]], allowing passengers to switch to trains to the [[World Trade Center (PATH station)|World Trade Center]].

==== Montreal ====
[[File:Lionel-groulx-montreal-metro.jpg|right|thumb|[[Lionel-Groulx station]] in [[Montreal]]]]
Two transfer stations in Montreal feature cross-platform interchange. At the [[Lionel-Groulx station]], the upper platforms serve Henri-Bourassa or Montmorency ([[Line 2 Orange (Montreal Metro)|Orange Line 2]]) and Honoré-Beaugrand ([[Line 1 Green (Montreal Metro)|Green Line 1]]) trains, ''entering'' downtown; the lower platforms serve Côte-Vertu (Orange Line 2) and Angrignon (Green Line 1) trains, ''leaving'' downtown. Since most transferring passengers are either entering or leaving downtown, most transfers at this station are cross-platform.

At the [[Snowdon station]], however, the outbound Orange Line platforms are at the same level as the Blue Line terminal platform, with the inbound Orange Line platforms linked to the Blue Line departure platform, reducing efficiency. This is explained because the Blue Line was originally planned to be continued west of the station, in which case this arrangement would have provided the same benefit as the arrangement at Lionel-Groulx.

==== New York City ====
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2F~~ ! !uhCONTgq\uhSTRq+BSe\uhSTRq+BSe\uhSTRq+BSe\uhCONTgeq~~ ~~ ~~{{rint|newyork|N}}{{rint|newyork|W}}
uhCONTgq\uhSTRq+BSa\uhSTRq+BSa\uhSTRq+BSa\uhCONTgeq~~ ~~ ~~{{rint|newyork|7}}
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|bottom = Conceptual platform diagrams for {{nycs|Queensboro Plaza}} station (pictured at top)
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uextCONTgq\uextSTRq+BSe\uextSTRq+BSe\uextSTRq+BSe\uextCONTfq
utCONTgq\utSTRq+BSe!~exBSa\utSTRq+BSe!~exBSa\utSTRq+BSe!~exBSa\utCONTgeq~~ ~~ ~~{{NYCS Fulton|time=bullets}}
utCONTgq\utSTRq+BSa\utSTRq+BSa\utSTRq+BSa\utCONTgeq~~ ~~ ~~{{NYCS Crosstown|time=bullets}}
utCONTfaq\utSTRq+BSe\utSTRq+BSe\utSTRq+BSe\utCONTfq~~ ~~ ~~{{NYCS Crosstown|time=bullets}}
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|bottom = Platform diagram of [[Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets (New York City Subway)|Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets]] station, showing a cross-platform interchange between {{NYCS trains|Fulton}} and {{NYCS trains|Crosstown}}
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}}
The [[New York City Subway]] has many three- or [[Quadruple track|four-track lines]] with local and express service. Cross-platform interchanges are located in numerous locations throughout the system to allow for convenient transfers between [[express train|express]] and [[local train|local]] trains. In general, express trains run on the inner pair of tracks and bypass local-only stations, while local trains run on the outer pair of tracks and stop at every station. Express stations typically have island platforms between the express and local tracks, allowing passengers to quickly switch between trains heading in the same direction simply by crossing a platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world.nycsubway.org/|title=Nycsubway.org|publisher=Nycsubway.org|access-date=2011-11-19}}</ref>

In addition to the very common express-local interchanges, the New York City Subway also has several cross-platform interchanges between lines that do not share a three- or four-track right-of-way:
* The [[Queensboro Plaza (New York City Subway)|Queensboro Plaza]] station contains a same-directional cross-platform transfer between the [[IRT Flushing Line]] ({{NYCS trains|Flushing}}) and [[BMT Astoria Line]] ({{NYCS trains|Astoria}}). The Flushing Line's connection with the Astoria Line is the line's only connection with the rest of the system.
* The [[Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets (New York City Subway)|Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets]] and [[Jay Street–MetroTech (IND Lines)|Jay Street–MetroTech]] stations in Brooklyn allow cross-platform interchanges between the {{NYCS trains|Crosstown}} of the [[IND Crosstown Line]] with the {{NYCS trains|Fulton}} of the [[IND Fulton Street Line]], the {{NYCS trains|Sixth Rutgers}} of the [[IND Culver Line]], respectively. The Fulton Street Line does not have any track connections with the Crosstown Line, and the Fulton Street Line's track connection to the Culver Line is rarely used.
* At the [[Seventh Avenue (IND Queens Boulevard Line)|Seventh Avenue–53rd Street]] station on the {{NYCS trains|53rd Seventh}}, there are no track connections between the {{NYCS trains|Queens 53rd west}} on the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] and the {{NYCS trains|Sixth express}} on the [[IND Sixth Avenue Line]]. At Seventh Avenue, there is also a feature unique to the system, as anti-directional cross-platform interchanges can be made here (albeit between trains heading in the same general cardinal direction, due to the track layout near the station).
* The [[DeKalb Avenue (BMT Fourth Avenue Line)|DeKalb Avenue]] and [[Prospect Park (BMT Brighton Line)|Prospect Park]] stations on the [[BMT Brighton Line]] ({{NYCS trains|Brighton}}) in Brooklyn feature cross-platform interchanges to the [[BMT Fourth Avenue Line]] ({{NYCS trains|Fourth center local day}}) and the [[BMT Franklin Avenue Line]] ({{NYCS trains|Franklin}}), respectively.
* The [[Lexington Avenue–63rd Street (63rd Street Lines)|Lexington Avenue–63rd Street]] station in Manhattan has a cross-platform interchange between the two [[63rd Street Lines]] ({{NYCS trains|63rd Lexington header}}).

The [[Jamaica (LIRR station)|Jamaica]] hub station of the [[Long Island Rail Road]] features coordinated cross-platform interchanges among the many services that stop there. During peak periods, this is enhanced by having three trains arrive at the same time, and a cross-platform interchange can be done by walking across through the train on the center track, which is waiting with its doors open on both sides. In the absence of this middle train, interchanging passengers must walk to one end of the long platform, walk to another platform, and then walk back in order to move between trains on the outer two tracks.

==== Philadelphia ====
The [[Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority|SEPTA]] [[Broad Street Line]] has cross-platform interchanges between local and express trains at [[Olney Transportation Center]], [[Erie (SEPTA station)|Erie]], [[Girard (SEPTA Broad Street Line station)|Girard]], [[Spring Garden (SEPTA Broad Street Line station)|Spring Garden]], [[Race-Vine (SEPTA station)|Race-Vine]], [[City Hall (SEPTA station)|City Hall]], and [[Walnut-Locust (SEPTA station)|Walnut-Locust]].

==== San Francisco Bay Area ====
Three adjacent [[Bay Area Rapid Transit]] (BART) stations – {{bart|12th Street Oakland City Center}}, {{bart|19th Street Oakland}}, and {{bart|MacArthur}} – have cross-platform transfers between northbound {{lnl|BART|Yellow}} and {{lnl|BART|Orange}} trains, with 19th Street Oakland as the designated timed transfer point. MacArthur additionally has a southbound timed transfer for the same lines.

A cross-platform transfer also exists at {{bart|Millbrae}} between the northbound [[Caltrain]] platform and one of the BART platforms. East of {{bart|Pittsburg/Bay Point}}, there is a dedicated transfer platform between the main BART system and [[eBART]].

==== Vancouver ====
In December 2016, [[Lougheed Town Centre station]] on the [[Vancouver SkyTrain]] was expanded to a 3-track, 2-platform station in preparation for the beginning of service on the Evergreen Extension. For the first 18 months of service on the Evergreen Extension, the third platform served eastbound trains while the southern half of the island platform served westbound trains (with Millennium Line trains running left-handed through the station); this measure allowed a same-direction cross-platform transfer between Millennium Line trains headed to VCC–Clark and Expo Line trains headed to Waterfront (via [[Columbia station (SkyTrain)|Columbia]]). On June 25, 2018, normal right-hand running of Millennium Line trains through the station resumed, making it possible to do an anti-directional cross-platform transfer between Expo Line trains headed for Production Way–University and Millennium Line trains headed to Lafarge Lake–Douglas.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chan|first=Kenneth|date=June 11, 2018|title=Train directions at Lougheed Town Centre Station permanently change this month|url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/lougheed-town-centre-platforms-june-2018-changes|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615065232/http://dailyhive.com/vancouver/lougheed-town-centre-platforms-june-2018-changes|archive-date=June 15, 2018|access-date=July 8, 2019|work=Daily Hive}}</ref>

===Oceania===

==== Auckland ====
At [[Newmarket Railway Station, New Zealand|Newmarket Station]], there are three lines serving two island platforms. [[Western Line, Auckland|Western Line]] services use the centre line (which can serve both platforms) allowing cross-platform interchange with [[Southern Line, Auckland|Southern Line]] services which use the outer lines.

==== Adelaide ====
[[Adelaide Metro]] offers cross-platform interchanges between the [[Outer Harbor railway line|Outer Harbor line]] and [[Grange railway line]] at [[Woodville railway station, Adelaide|Woodville]] for outbound services only.

==== Brisbane ====
Cross-platform interchanges are offered between [[Ipswich railway station, Queensland|Ipswich]] and [[Rosewood railway station|Rosewood]] services at Ipswich, and between outbound express [[Gold Coast railway line|Gold Coast line]] and stopping [[Beenleigh railway line|Beenleigh line]] services at [[Altandi railway station|Altandi station]].

==== Melbourne ====
[[Railways in Melbourne|Melbourne's suburban railway]] offers cross-platform interchanges along the [[City Loop]] according to the operation concept depending on time and day. All three underground stations consist of four tracks and two island platforms one above each other.

Burnley Group passengers can change between Flinders Street direct and City Loop services at [[Richmond railway station, Melbourne|Richmond station]] on weekday mornings, and between stopping and limited express services at [[Burnley railway station|Burnley station]].

[[Camberwell railway station, Melbourne|Camberwell station]] operates as a partial cross-platform interchange off-peak, when Alamein services operate as shuttles from Camberwell. During the day, terminating trains from Alamein drop passengers off (before proceeding to a reversing track west of the station) on platform 2, which connects to a city-bound Belgrave/Lilydale line train on platform 1. At night, trains from Alamein terminate and reverse on platform 1, allowing cross-platform transfers for passengers from the city arriving on platform 2 on a Belgrave/Lilydale service.

==== Sydney ====
The [[Sydney Trains]] suburban railway system offers cross-platform interchange at [[Central railway station, Sydney|Central]] between express and local trains to/from Strathfield as well as on the four-track section from [[Westmead railway station|Westmead]] to [[St Marys railway station, Sydney|St Marys]] along the [[Main Western railway line|Western Line]], each in the same direction. Selected cross-platform interchanges can also be made at [[Glenfield railway station, Sydney|Glenfield]], [[Granville railway station|Granville]], [[Hornsby railway station|Hornsby]], [[Lidcombe railway station|Lidcombe]], [[Redfern railway station|Redfern]], [[Revesby railway station|Revesby]] and [[Town Hall railway station, Sydney|Town Hall]].

Cross-platform interchange is also available between [[Sydney Metro]] and [[Sydney Trains]] services at [[Chatswood railway station|Chatswood]].

===South America===

==== Buenos Aires ====
[[Plaza Miserere (Buenos Aires Metro)|Plaza Miserere]] provided cross transfer interchange between subway [[Line A (Buenos Aires Metro)|line A]] and suburban railroad line [[Sarmiento line#Sarmiento line|Sarmiento]]. There is a never used cross-platform interchange between lines A and D at Plaza de Mayo station and three abandoned cross-platform interchanges: at Primera Junta station between line A and the former tram service towards Lacarra avenue and at San José station on line E between the branch going to Bolívar station and the closed branch to Constitución station where another cross-platform interchange was provided between lines C and E.
Suburban lines Sarmiento, San Martín and Roca offers many cross-platform interchanges between express and local services on their 4 track stretches.

==== Santiago de Chile ====
[[Vicuña Mackenna metro station]] is the only in the metro network of [[Santiago Metro|Santiago de Chile]] offering cross-platform transfer; the through-running line 4 and its shuttle line 4A are interconnected cross-platform here. Line 4A uses the center track between both island platforms, with line 4 stopping on the outer tracks.

==== São Paulo ====
Four stations of [[São Paulo Metro|São Paulo metro]] and train network offer cross-platform interchange: [[Paraíso (São Paulo Metro)|Paraíso]], between lines 1 (towards [[Jabaquara (São Paulo Metro)|Jabaquara]]) and 2 (towards [[Vila Madalena (São Paulo Metro)|Vila Madalena]]), [[Brás (São Paulo Metro)|Brás]], between lines 10 (towards [[Rio_Grande_da_Serra_(CPTM)|Rio Grande da Serra]]) and 11 (towards [[Luz (CPTM)|Luz]]), [[Osasco (CPTM)|Osasco]], where line 9 terminates at a center track between two islands platforms serving line 8, and [[Presidente Altino (CPTM)|Presidente Altino]], also between lines 8 and 9 where the latter uses the inner tracks, the northernmost island platform serves westbound trains (to [[Itapevi (CPTM)|Itapevi]] and [[Osasco (CPTM)|Osasco]]), and the southernmost island platform serves eastbound trains (to [[Júlio Prestes (CPTM)|Júlio Prestes]] and [[Grajaú (CPTM)|Grajaú]]).

At Luz, when "Service 710" is running (single runnings between lines 7 and 10 with no train changing), cross-plataform interchange is also available between alighting-only line 11's trains (which terminates here before relaying) and southbound trains to [[Rio_Grande_da_Serra_(CPTM)|Rio Grande da Serra]]. When "Service 710" is not running, cross-platform interchange is done with line 7 southbound trains to [[Brás (São Paulo Metro)|Brás]], which is also served by line 11 eastbound trains to [[Estudantes (CPTM)|Estudantes]].

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Railway track layouts}}

[[Category:Rapid transit]]
[[Category:Railway platforms]]

Changzhou

2022-01-31T13:55:55Z

202.255.28.252: /* Elevated road */

{{distinguish|Cangzhou|Hangzhou}}
{{Other uses}}
{{stack begin}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Changzhou
| official_name =
| native_name = 常州市
| native_name_lang = zh
| other_name = Changchow
| settlement_type = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| image_skyline = Changzhoushi.png
| imagesize = 300px
| image_caption =
| image_seal =
| image_map1 = Changzhou locator map in Jiangsu.svg
| mapsize1 = 275px
| map_caption1 = Location of Changzhou City jurisdiction in Jiangsu
| pushpin_map = China Jiangsu#Eastern China#China
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_mapsize = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city center in China
| coor_pinpoint = Changzhou municipal government
| coordinates = {{coord|31.811|N|119.974|E|format=dms|type:adm2nd_region:CN-32_source:Gaode|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jiangsu]]
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| established_title1 = 
| established_date1 =
| established_title2 = 
| established_date2 =
| established_title3 =
| established_date3 =
| founder =
| named_for = 
| seat_type = Municipal seat
| seat = [[Xinbei District]]
| parts_type = Divisions
| parts = 5 districts, 1 city
| p1 =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_title = Party Secretary
| leader_name = WANG Quan
| leader_title1 = Mayor 
| leader_name1 = [[Ding Chun]] ({{lang|zh-hans|丁纯}})
| total_type = 
| unit_pref = 
| area_footnotes =
| area_magnitude = 
| area_total_km2 = 4384.58 
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 = 1872.1
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_min_ft = 
| population_total = 4,592,431
| population_as_of = 2010 census
| population_footnotes = <ref name="stat">{{cite web |url=http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Fast-Facts/Changzhou-Jiangsu-City-Information/ff/en/1/1X000000/1X07403X.htm |title=Changzhou ( Jiangsu ) City Information |access-date=2010-06-30 |date=2010-03-01 |publisher=Changzhou Municipal Statistic Bureau |language=zh-hans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530005731/http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Fast-Facts/Changzhou-Jiangsu-City-Information/ff/en/1/1X000000/1X07403X.htm |archive-date=2015-05-30 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto 
| population_urban = 3,601,079
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 12400000
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="oecd2015"/>
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title =
| population_blank1 =
| population_density_blank1_km2 = 
| population_note =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]] 
| postal_code = 213000, 213100 (Urban center) 213200, 213300
(Other areas)
| area_code = 0519
| website = [http://www.changzhou.gov.cn www.changzhou.gov.cn]
| footnotes = 
| image_dot_map =
| dot_mapsize =
| dot_map_caption =
| dot_x =
| dot_y =
| p2 = 
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_max_ft =
| timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset = +8
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-JS-04]]
| blank_name = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]
| blank_info = 2017<ref name="stat" />
| blank1_name =  - Total
| blank1_info = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 662.23 billion (US$103.47 billion)
| blank2_name =  - per capita
| blank2_info = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 140383 (U$21,934.84)
| blank3_name =  - Growth
| blank3_info = {{increase}} 8.1%
| blank4_name = '''[[Licence plates of the People's Republic of China|License Plate]] Prefix'''
| blank4_info = {{lang|zh-cn|苏D}}
| blank5_name = [[varieties of Chinese|Local dialect]]
| blank5_info = [[Wu Chinese|Wu]]: [[Changzhou dialect]]
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8|frame-lat=31.602|frame-long=119.77}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Changzhou name.svg
| piccap = "Changzhou" in Chinese
| picsize = 110px
| c = {{linktext|lang=zh|常州}}
| wuu = Zaontsei
| p = Chángzhōu
| w = Ch'ang2-chou1
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|ch|ang|2|zh|ou|1}}
| gr = Charngjou
| l =
| order = st
}}
{{stack end}}
'''Changzhou''' ([[Changzhou dialect|Changzhounese]]: ''Zaon Tsei'', {{zh|c=常州}}) is a [[prefecture-level city]] in southern [[Jiangsu]] [[province of China|province]], China. It was previously known as Yanling, Lanling and Jinling. Located on the southern bank of the [[Yangtze River]], Changzhou borders the provincial capital of [[Nanjing]] to the west, [[Zhenjiang]] to the northwest, [[Wuxi]] to the east, and the province of [[Zhejiang]] to the south. Changzhou is located in the highly developed [[Yangtze Delta]] region of China extending from Shanghai going northwest. The population of Changzhou city was 4,592,431 at the 2010 census.<ref name="oecd2015">{{cite book|url=http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39|title=OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015, OECD READ edition|date=18 April 2015|website=OECD iLibrary|series=OECD Urban Policy Reviews|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|isbn=9789264230033|page=37|language=en|doi=10.1787/9789264230040-en|issn=2306-9341|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327210032/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39|archive-date=27 March 2017|url-status=live}}Linked from the OECD [http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044027/http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm |date=2017-12-09 }}</ref><ref name="citypop"/>

==History==
[[File:景德镇窑影青观音坐像.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Misty Blue Sitting Statue of Guanyin, Jingde Kiln. Southern Song Dynasty. Collected in [[Changzhou Museum]].]]
"The Ruins of Yancheng" ({{lang|zh-hant|淹城遺址}}), comprise the remains of a walled city located in the [[Wujin district]] of Changzhou that was founded over 3000 years ago at the beginning of the [[Western Zhou dynasty]]. The earliest record of a settlement on the site of modern Changzhou is as a [[Commandery (China)|commandery]] founded in 221 BC at the beginning of the [[Qin Dynasty]]. During the interregnum between the [[Sui dynasty|Sui]] and [[Tang dynasty|Tang]], the city of '''Piling''' ({{lang|zh|毗陵}}) was the capital of [[Shen Faxing]]'s short-lived [[Liang (realm)#Sui Kingdom|Kingdom of Liang]] (AD 619 to 620). Changzhou got its present name meaning "ordinary prefecture" in 589. Following construction of the [[Grand Canal (China)|Grand Canal]] in 609, Changzhou became a canal port and transshipment point for locally-grown grain, and has maintained these roles ever since. The rural counties surrounding Changzhou are noted for the production of rice, fish, tea, silk, bamboo and fruit.

[[File:Du Halde - Description de la Chine - Villes de troisieme ordre dans la province ce Kiang nan.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Maps of "Tchang-chou-hien" and "[[Kia-ting-hien]]" from [[Du Halde]]'s 1735 ''[[Description of China]]'', based on accounts by [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuit missionaries]].]]
During the [[Taiping Rebellion]] of the 1850s, one of five palaces housing the leaders of the so-called "Kingdom of Celestial Peace" was constructed in Changzhou. Today the ruins of the "King's Palace" can be found near the People's No.1 Hospital.

In the 1920s, Changzhou started to attract cotton mills. The cotton industry got a boost in the late 1930s when businesses began relocating outside of [[Shanghai]] due to the Japanese occupation. Unlike many Chinese cities, Changzhou continued to prosper even during the upheavals of the [[Cultural Revolution]] of 1966–76. Today it is an important industrial center for textiles, food processing, engineering (diesel engines, generators, transformers and other machinery), and high technology.

===Historical changes===

On January 1, 1953, Changzhou was set as provincially administrated municipality.

In 1958, Zhenjiang Prefecture was renamed as Changzhou Prefecture, and the administration office was moved from Zhenjiang to Changzhou. Changzhou was incorporated by Changzhou Prefecture.

In 1959, Changzhou Prefecture was changed into Zhenjiang Prefecture, and the administration office was moved from Changzhou to Zhenjiang. Changzhou was incorporated by Zhenjiang Prefecture.

In 1960, Wujin County of Zhenjiang Prefecture was incorporated into Changzhou.

In 1962, Changzhou was changed into provincially administrated municipality and Wujin County was incorporated into Zhenjiang Prefecture.

In 1983, when the municipally affiliated county system was carried out, Wujin County, Jintan County and Liyang County of Zhenjiang were incorporated into Changzhou. The urban area was divided into five municipally administrated districts, Guanghua, Tianning, Zhonglou, Qishuyan and Jiaoqu. At that time, Changzhou administrated three counties and five districts.

From September 1986, as approved by State Council, Guanghua District was revoked and the previous administrative area was incorporated into Zhonglou District and Tianning Districrt. Liyang County was changed into Liyang City (county level). At that time, Changzhou administrated one city, two counties and four districts.

In 1993, Jintan County was changed into Jintan City.

In 1995, Longhutang Town, Xinqiao Town, Baizhang Town and Weitang Town of Wujin County were incorporated into Jiaoqu District. As approved by State Council on June 8 of 1995, Wujin County was promoted to Wujin City, with the government set in Hutang Town.

In 1999, as approved by the provincial government, Taixiang Town of Jiaoqu District was revoked and incorporated into Xueyan Town of Wujin City.
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/737119710551141 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225225001/http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/737119710551141 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Administration==
[[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nh50-4.jpg|thumb|Map including Changzhou (labeled as (walled) WU-CHIN (CHANGCHOW) {{lang|zh-hant|武進}}) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1952)]]
{{See also|List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu}}

The [[prefecture-level city]] of Changzhou administers seven [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#County level|county-level divisions]], including five [[District of China|districts]] and one [[county-level city]].

{|class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" | Map
|-
| colspan="6" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Changzhou.png|width={{{1|630}}}|link=}}
{{Image label|x=1130|y=830|scale={{{1|630}}}/1800|text=[[Ge Lake|''Ge Lake'']]}}
{{Image label|x=610|y=830|scale={{{1|630}}}/1800|text=[[Tiao Lake|''Tiao (Changdang) Lake'']]}}
{{Image label|x=1490|y=1270|scale={{{1|630}}}/1800|text=[[Lake Tai|''Lake Tai'']]}}
{{Image label|x=1500|y=510|scale={{{1|630}}}/1800|text=[[Tianning District|'''Tianning''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1160|y=550|scale={{{1|630}}}/1800|text=[[Zhonglou District|'''Zhonglou''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1230|y=290|scale={{{1|630}}}/1800|text=[[Xinbei District|'''Xinbei''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1320|y=810|scale={{{1|630}}}/1800|text=[[Wujin District|'''Wujin''']]}}
{{Image label|x=600|y=700|scale={{{1|630}}}/1800|text=[[Jintan District|'''Jintan''']]}}
{{Image label|x=370|y=1270|scale={{{1|630}}}/1800|text=[[Liyang|'''Liyang {{small|(city)}}''']]}}
</div>
|-
! align=left | Subdivision
! align=left | Simplified Chinese
! align=left | Hanyu Pinyin
! align=left | Population {{small|([[Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China|2010]])}}
! align=left | Area {{small|(km2)}}
! align=left | Density {{small|(/km2)}}
|-
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center; "| '''City Proper'''
|-
| align=left | [[Tianning District]]
| align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|天宁区}}
| align=right| Tiānníng Qū
| align=right| 513,682
| align=right| 154.84
| align=right| 3,317.50
|-
| align=left | [[Zhonglou District]]
| align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|钟楼区}}
| align=right| Zhōnglóu Qū
| align=right| 505,936
| align=right| 132.93
| align=right| 3,806.03
|-
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center; "| '''Suburban'''
|-
| align=left | [[Xinbei District]]
| align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|新北区}}
| align=right| Xīnběi Qū
| align=right| 596,807
| align=right| 508.91
| align=right| 1,172.72
|-
| align=left | [[Wujin District]]
| align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|武进区}}
| align=right| Wǔjìn Qū
| align=right| 1,674,123
| align=right| 1,065.26
| align=right| 1,571.56
|-
| align=left | [[Jintan District]]
| align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|金坛区}}
| align=right| Jīntán Qū
| align=right| 552,047
| align=right| 975.68
| align=right| 565.81
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center; "| '''Satellite cities ([[County-level city|County-level cities]])'''
|-
| align=left | [[Liyang|Liyang City]]
| align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|溧阳市}}
| align=right| Lìyáng Shì
| align=right| 749,377
| align=right| 1,534.52
| align=right| 488.35
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
| colspan=3 style="text-align:center; "|'''Total'''
| align=right|'''4,591,972'''
| align=right|'''4,372.15'''
| align=right|'''1,050.28'''
|-
| colspan=6 style="text-align:center; "| Dissolved district: [[Qishuyan District]]
|}

==Demographics==
Its total population was 4,592,431 inhabitants at the 2010 census, an average 2% per year increase since the previous census, and 3,290,918 lived in the built-up area made up of 5 urban districts.<ref name="citypop">{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-jiangsu-admin.php|title=China: Jiāngsū (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=www.citypopulation.de|access-date=2014-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002015624/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-jiangsu-admin.php|archive-date=2018-10-02|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Education==
Changzhou is an educational hub and is home to several universities, including Changzhou University, [[Hohai University]] (Changzhou campus), Jiangsu Teachers' University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Teachers' University of Technology, and Changzhou Institute of Technology. The city also has a number of prominent secondary schools, including the [[Changzhou Senior High School of Jiangsu Province]].

As the first education park taking higher vocational education as its distinguishing feature in China, Changzhou Higher Vocational Education Base was called the “cradle of silver-collar workers”. Every year, it cultivated 20,000 technological talents to the Yangtze River Delta area. 100% of the graduates signed employment contracts and the one-off employment rate was higher than 98%. There are 5 higher vocational colleges and an undergraduate college in the park, which have realized the cross-school study, common credit and resource sharing. A large number of highly qualified vocational talents were cultivated here. Based on this, Changzhou Scientific Education Town was founded. It cooperates with foreign universities in America, Canada, Britain and Germany, etc., domestic universities like Nanjing University, scientific institutes and hi-tech enterprises in constructing nearly 100 laboratory, practice, training, and technological R&D centers. Presently, it is marching towards the national sample vocational education area, experimental area of production, teaching and research, and the cluster area of scientific innovation. Many central leaders such as Hu Jintao, Jia Qinglin and Luo Gan have paid inspection visits here and spoke highly of it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/397397391556524 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175304/http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/397397391556524 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Economy==
Changzhou's traditional role has been that of a commercial center and in particular a distribution center for agricultural produce, which was shipped by canal to the north and later, to [[Shanghai]]. The city began to develop a [[cotton]] [[textile]] industry in the 1920s, and cotton mills were established in the late 1930s, when [[Japan]]ese [[Second Sino-Japanese War|attacks]] drove many Chinese businesses to invest outside Shanghai.

The city has remained a textile center and the most important location in Jiangsu Province for [[weaving]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}. It also has large [[food-processing]] plants as well as flour-milling, rice-polishing, and oil-pressing industries. After 1949 it also developed as a centre of the engineering industry. [[Qishuyan]], some {{Convert|10|km|abbr=on}} southeast of Changzhou, has one of the largest locomotive and [[rolling stock]] plants in China. Other engineering works in Changzhou produce [[diesel engine]]s, generators, transformers along with agricultural and textile machinery. At the time of the [[Great Leap Forward]] in 1958 a steel plant was also built to provide raw material for [[heavy industry]].

Since 1908, Changzhou has been linked by rail with [[Shanghai]] and [[Nanjing]] (see below for transportation).

Up until now, Changzhou has remained one of the most developed cities in Jiangsu, ranked third after Suzhou and Wuxi. The city's 2009 GDP per capita of ¥70,103 in 2009, less than that of Suzhou and Wuxi but more than the capital city Nanjing, ranked the city third in Jiangsu.

Changzhou is also one of the top business cities in China. According to [[Forbes Magazine|Forbes ranking]], Changzhou was the 9th best business city in mainland China in 2008. Changzhou data was reported at 662.228 RMB bn in Dec 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 577.386 RMB bn for Dec 2016. China's CN: GDP: Jiangsu: Changzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 130.818 RMB bn from Dec 1991 to 2017, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 662.228 RMB bn in 2017 and a record low of 10.545 RMB bn in 1991. China's CN: GDP: Jiangsu: Changzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database's National Accounts – Table CN.AE: Gross Domestic Product: Prefecture Level City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/gross-domestic-product-prefecture-level-city/cn-gdp-jiangsu-changzhou|title=China {{!}} CN: GDP: Jiangsu: Changzhou {{!}} Economic Indicators|website=www.ceicdata.com|access-date=2019-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044021/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/gross-domestic-product-prefecture-level-city/cn-gdp-jiangsu-changzhou|archive-date=2019-03-06|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Industrial zones===
* Changzhou Export Processing Zone
Approval for the establishment of Changzhou Export Processing Zone was given in June 2005 with a planned area of {{Convert|1.66|km2|abbr=on}}. Near to Shanghai and Nanjing via convenient transportation links, the zone began operation in October 2006. Investors enjoy a series of preferential policies whilst all handle export procedures are handled inside the export processing zone. The zone focuses on electronic information, electromechanical integration and new materials.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/changzhou-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/ |title=RightSite.asia {{!}} Changzhou Export Processing Zone |access-date=2010-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611142528/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/changzhou-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone |archive-date=2010-06-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>

* Changzhou National Hi-Tech District
Changzhou National Hi-Tech District (CND) is a state-level high-tech industrial development zone. It is located in the northern part of Changzhou city. With a population of 500,000 and an area of 439 square km, the district is {{Convert|160|km|abbr=on}} from Shanghai to the east and {{Convert|110|km|abbr=on}} from Nanjing to the west. The district represents the highest-level and most sophisticated industrial park in Changzhou. More than 1,300 foreign companies and over 5,000 local industrial enterprises have been registered within the district of which around 40% are from European and American countries. Industries encouraged include engineering machinery, transformer & transmission equipment, automotive, locomotive & locomotive components, parts, precision machinery, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, photo-voltaic (PV) and new materials, chemicals, garment and textiles production, computer software and research & development. Some major investors include Terex, Komatsu, Ashland Chemical, Johnson, Caltex Oil Corp., Disa, +GF+, Rieter and General Electronics.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/changzhou-export-processing-zone/ |title=RightSite.asia {{!}} Changzhou National Hi-Tech District |access-date=2010-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526100333/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/changzhou-export-processing-zone |archive-date=2010-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref>

　Changzhou used to be one of the birthplaces of the national modern industry in China. Sheng Xuanhuai, who was honored as the “Father of China's Industry”, bent all his efforts in the modern factory and mine communications. He created 11 “No.1” in China, including the first telecommunication enterprise. In the end of Qing Dynasty and the early days of the Republic of China, the textile, mechanical and food industries of Changzhou were rapidly developing. In 1906, the first capitalist manufacturing factory, Jinyu Textile Factory appeared. In 1932, the famous industrialist, Liu Guojun, founded the integration mode of spinning, weaving and dyeing. It had a pioneer meaning in the 1930s. During the 1980s, Changzhou became the star industrial city that was famous all over China, and created the “South Jiangsu Mode” with the characteristics of the times, the developed town industry. As the traditional and advantageous industry of Changzhou, the equipment manufacturing industry has been developing in recent years. Changzhou has formed 6 great national characterized industrial bases, that is, agricultural implement and machinery manufacturing, power transmission and transforming manufacturing, automobile and accessories manufacturing, new textile, track traffic and new coating. Presently, the power transmission and transforming manufacturing industry is the first in China, and the track traffic vehicle and accessories manufacturing base is famous in East China and all over the country. The engineering machinery and vehicle industry has shown its strong growth momentum. By the end of 2010, Changzhou has had 26 national famous brands, 175 provincial famous brands and 327 municipal brands. The number of national famous brands is the third in Jiangsu. The good pattern of multi-level development and echelon improvement, which takes the national brand as the orienting role, the provincial brand as the body and the municipal brand as the reserve, has been initially formed.
　　Changzhou is becoming a modern equipment manufacturing city with prominent domestic advantages and large potential.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/757971668276806 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175251/http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/757971668276806 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Climate==
The climate is [[Humid Subtropical]] ''Cfa'', with cool winters and hot and humid summers.
Changzhou has a wide range of temperature differences throughout the year.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|location = Changzhou (1971–2000)
|Jan high C = 7.1
|Feb high C = 8.6
|Mar high C = 12.9
|Apr high C = 19.6
|May high C = 25.1
|Jun high C = 28.3
|Jul high C = 31.8
|Aug high C = 31.6
|Sep high C = 27.1
|Oct high C = 22.2
|Nov high C = 16.0
|Dec high C = 10.0
|year high C= 20.0

|Jan mean C = 3.1
|Feb mean C = 4.5
|Mar mean C = 8.7
|Apr mean C = 14.9
|May mean C = 20.3
|Jun mean C = 24.3
|Jul mean C = 28.0
|Aug mean C = 27.6
|Sep mean C = 23.2
|Oct mean C = 17.8
|Nov mean C = 11.5
|Dec mean C = 5.5

|Jan low C = 0.0
|Feb low C = 1.4
|Mar low C = 5.2
|Apr low C = 10.9
|May low C = 16.3
|Jun low C = 20.9
|Jul low C = 25.0
|Aug low C = 24.7
|Sep low C = 20.1
|Oct low C = 14.3
|Nov low C = 7.9
|Dec low C = 2.0
|year low C= 12.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 44.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 53.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 89.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 81.2
|May precipitation mm = 102.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 189.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 171.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 116.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 92.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 68.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 52.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 29.6
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.7
|Feb precipitation days = 9.8
|Mar precipitation days = 13.0
|Apr precipitation days = 11.4
|May precipitation days = 11.7
|Jun precipitation days = 12.8
|Jul precipitation days = 12.8
|Aug precipitation days = 11.3
|Sep precipitation days = 9.5
|Oct precipitation days = 8.7
|Nov precipitation days = 7.0
|Dec precipitation days = 6.1
|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101191101.shtml?|script-title=zh:常州 - 气象数据 - 中国天气网|website=www.weather.com.cn|access-date=2011-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627113515/http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101191101.shtml|archive-date=2011-06-27|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

==Transportation==
===Metro===
{{main|Changzhou Metro}}
The first line of the [[Changzhou Metro]] opened on 21 September 2019.<ref name=cz0921>{{cite web|url=http://zt3.cz001.com.cn/2019-09/21/content_3671618.htm|script-title=zh:常州地铁1号线今日正式开通初期运营 |website=cz001.com.cn |language=zh-cn |date=2019-09-21|access-date=2019-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921021940/http://zt3.cz001.com.cn/2019-09/21/content_3671618.htm|archive-date=2019-09-21|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Railway===
Located just south of the Chang Jiang ([[Yangtze River]]), [[Changzhou railway station|Changzhou station]] is situated on the original [[Beijing–Shanghai railway]]. [[Changzhou North railway station|Changzhou North station]] was completed in 2011 and is located in the north of Changzhou in the Xinbei district on the [[Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway]]. Changzhou is also one of the main stops on the busy [[Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway]], with two stations located in Changzhou ([[Changzhou railway station|Changzhou station]] and [[Qishuyan railway station|Qishuyan station]]).

===Air travel===
[[Changzhou Benniu International Airport]] is approximately {{Convert|15|km|abbr=on}} from the city center. There are domestic flights to [[Beijing]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Chengdu]], [[Shenyang]], [[Kunming]], [[Harbin]] and [[Dalian]], and international flights to Macau, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and Japan.

===Roads===
*[[China National Highway 312]]
*Shanghai-Nanjing Highway
*Yanjiang Highway
*Changzhou-Nanjing Highway

===Bus rapid transport system===
Use of the Bus Rapid Transit System costs one [[Chinese yuan|yuan]] (or, if a Changzhou Bus Card is used, either three or six [[Jiao (currency)|jiao]] depending on the type of card) and provides access throughout Changzhou. The BRT has the following specifications: separate bus lanes or bus-only roadways, a vast network of routes and corridors, high capacity buses operating both outside and inside these corridors, greater passenger volume as compared to that in mixed traffic lanes (-3000 [[pphpd]]), enhanced station environments (not just simple bus shelters), automated pre-boarding fare collection and fare verification, street level boarding and alighting, low emission vehicle technology ([[Euro III]] or higher), weather protection on station platforms, centralized system controls, real-time next bus information display, a distinctive marketing identity, high-quality passenger service at bus stations, segregated bike lanes along main corridor(s) as well as station access for disabled persons. The BRT is also located in the following cities: [[Beijing]], [[Chongqing]], [[Dalian]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Jinan]], [[Hangzhou]], [[Hefei]], [[Kunming]], [[Xiamen]], [[Zhengzhou]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/changzhou.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122055730/http://chinabrt.org/en/cities/changzhou.aspx |archive-date=2009-01-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Ürümqi]].

===Elevated road===
Changzhou built its first elevated road, the "Outer Ring Elevated Road", consisting of "Longcheng Blvd. Elevated Road" and "Longjiang Rd. Elevated Road", in 2007 and it came into use in 2008. Now the elevated road has formed a ring surrounding the urban area of Changzhou, linking main highways.

==Culture and folklore==
The [[Changzhou dialect]] is a member of the [[Wu Chinese]] language family.

Other famous handicrafts of Changzhou are silk embroidery in a "crisscross" style and carvings made from green [[bamboo]].

Noted snacks made in Changzhou include pickled radish, sesame candy, sweet glutinous rice flour dumpling with fermented glutinous rice, and silver thread noodles (also known as dragon's beard noodles).

Since 2004, Changzhou has successfully hosted China (Changzhou) International Cartoon and Digital Art Festival (CICDAF) for three times successively. With the 3-year efforts, CICDAF has basically reached the level of an international cartoon and movie festival, having vast and active influence on both the foreign and domestic cartoon industry. It has become one of the most professional and authoritative international cartoon events at the highest level. It gives new connotation to the cultural development in Changzhou, and Changzhou has ranked as the only municipal city among the first 9 “national animation and cartoon industrial bases” in China. Up to now, there are 3 incubator parks in the base with nearly 60 enterprises registered and the registered capital of nearly RMB 3 million. This year, the number of cartoons produced in the base and set by the National Bureau of Broadcasting and Television has reached 70, that is, 4,500 volumes and 50,000 minutes. A group of distinguished works have been up and coming, including the Peach Blossom Fan, which has gained many rewards both oversea and domestically. On December 12, 2006, Changzhou National Cartoon Industrial Base was awarded as “Top Ten Innovative Base with the Largest Investment Value of 2006”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/692688798972247 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175539/http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/692688798972247 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Tourism==
[[Image:Comb lane.jpg|thumb|right|Comb Lane]]

Changzhou is the home of the [[China Dinosaurs Park]] located in the [[Xinbei District]] of the city. The 5A rated Dinosaur Park has a collection of dinosaur bones and fossils from all over China. The park has 50 various fossils and more than 30 amusement programs including the Brontosaurus Roller Coaster and the Whirling Dinosaur Carriage. The fossils are located in a museum housed in a single building and the amusement rides are spread throughout the park which is categorized into six themed areas. Besides fossils and family oriented rides, Dinosaur Park is home to a giant panda and sea lions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnkly.com/|script-title=zh:中华恐龙园官网|website=www.cnkly.com|access-date=2009-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090118015105/http://www.cnkly.com/|archive-date=2009-01-18|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, a new amusement park called CC Joyland ({{zh|s=环球动漫嬉戏谷|t=環球動漫嬉戲谷|p=Huánqiú dòngmàn xīxì gǔ}}) opened in Taihuwan near Taihu lake in Wujin District in the south of Changzhou.

The city is also home to the Tianning Temple—one of the largest [[Zen Buddhist]] temple and monasteries in China. The city recently rebuilt the Tianning [[pagoda]] in the temple grounds, which is adjacent to Hongmei Park. The pagoda, called the ''[[Pagoda of Tianning Temple (Changzhou)|Tianning Baota]]'', was first built during the [[Tang Dynasty]] (AD 618 - 907). Since that time it has been destroyed and rebuilt five times. The current reconstruction is built to the height specification of {{Convert|153.79|m|abbr=on}}. This makes it the tallest pagoda in China and perhaps also the world. Both the Hongmei Park and Tianning Temple are located just to the east of the city centre.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-04/30/content_864654.htm |title=Buddhists gather to inaugurate world's tallest pagoda |agency=[[Xinhua]] |work=[[China Daily]] |date=2007-04-30 |access-date=2007-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209150146/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-04/30/content_864654.htm |archive-date=2007-12-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>

As Changzhou is noted for its combs, the city has reconstructed its Fine Comb Lane area with contemporary architecture. [[Changzhou combs]] can be purchased in most places in the city.

There is the Hong Mei Park, which includes a small children's amusement park, a zoo, a rose garden and many scenic waterways. Of historical interest in the park is a historical pavilion with exhibits related to the Changzhou comb industry. In addition, there is another pavilion which displays locally produced root carvings. The park attracts large numbers of people during holidays and is often dotted with a variety of vendors.

Other sites include Changzhou's sunken city and area of archaeological ruins from the [[Spring and Autumn period]].

Dongpo Park is located in the east part of downtown of Changzhou city, and its original name is Dongjiao Park. It covers 2.667 hectares, and is a typical Jiangnan Garden composed of cultural sites and natural landscape. During the time of south Song dynasty, the civilians of Changzhou established Yizhou Pavilion to commemorate, Su Dongpo, who was the great literature master and used to come to Changzhou. During the time of Qing dynasty, Kangxi and Qianlong, two emperors southwardly visited, they ordered to build up the temporary palace here and reconstructed this pavilion.

Changzhou also has attractive gardens such as the [[Wei Yuan]].

[[The Old Museum of Wisteria]] is also located in the city.
　
As a National 4-A Tourist Resort of Changzhou, China Dinosaur Park is the sample base of the national science popularization education and the Chinese cultural industry. It is also a National 4-A Class Amusement Park that perfectly combines museum, hi-tech acoustic, optic and electric technology, special video effects and multimedia network and that integrates exhibition, science popularization, entertainment, leisure and participatory performances. Its central building and the core of the park is China Dinosaur Museum, which was the cooperative project of Changzhou Municipal government and the Ministry of Land and Resources (the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources). It presents to the society with the most precious geological minerals through the advanced supporting facilities. The park is Pided into several parts, including China Dinosaur Museum, On-lake lawn, biological performance of the dinosaur mountain, leisure area for foreign investors and aggressive project area, etc. These parts let people feel the mysterious atmosphere of the ancient years, to see the appearance of dinosaurs, and to enjoy the modern travel atmosphere full of surprise and risks. As one of the cards of Changzhou, China Dinosaur Park, together with other scenic spots, is featuring Changzhou into a new tourist landmark in east China.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/661524469470242 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175546/http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/661524469470242 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Sister cities==
* {{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Takatsuki]], [[Osaka Prefecture]], [[Japan]]
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} [[Hurstville]], [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[Torrington, Connecticut|Torrington]], [[Connecticut]], [[United States of America]]
* {{flagdeco|UK}} [[Solihull]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
* {{flagdeco|Tanzania}} [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]]
* {{flagdeco|Italy}} [[Prato]], [[Italy]]
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[United States of America]]
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[Rockford, Illinois|Rockford]], [[Illinois]], [[United States of America]]
* {{flagdeco|Romania}} [[Arad, Romania|Arad]], [[Romania]]
* {{flagdeco|Israel}} [[Netanya]], [[Israel]]
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} [[City of Wyndham|Wyndham]], [[Australia]]
* {{flagdeco|Brazil}} [[Curitiba]], [[Brazil]]
* {{flagdeco|Germany}} [[Minden]], [[Germany]]
* {{flagdeco|Germany}} [[Essen]], [[Germany]]
* {{flagdeco|Chile}} [[La Serena, Chile|La Serena]], [[Chile]]
* {{flagdeco|Canada}} [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]], [[Canada]]
* {{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Johor Bahru]], [[Malaysia]]
* {{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Tilburg]], [[Netherlands]]
* {{flagdeco|Finland}} [[Satakunta]], [[Finland]]
* {{flagdeco|Poland}} [[Jelenia Gora]], [[Poland]]
* {{flagdeco|Belgium}} [[Lommel]], [[Belgium]]
* {{flagdeco|Denmark}} [[Randers]], [[Denmark]]
* {{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Tomsk]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Stavropol]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Tokorozawa]], [[Japan]]
* {{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[Namyangju]], [[South Korea]]
* {{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[Chuncheon]], [[South Korea]]
* {{flagdeco|Turkey}} [[Eskisehir]], [[Turkey]]
* {{flagdeco|Mauritius}} [[Beau Bassin-Rose Hill]], [[Mauritius]]

==Notable people==
*[[Su Dongpo]] (Su Shi; 1036–1101), poet and essayist.
*[[Sheng Xuanhuai]] (1844–1916), late [[Qing Dynasty]] bureaucrat and reformer.
*[[Lü Simian]] (1884–1957), historian and member of the [[Doubting Antiquity School]]
*[[Zhao Yuanren]] (1892–1982), prominent [[linguistics|linguist]].
*Hong Shen (1894–1955), pioneering dramatist and filmmaker was born here.
*Yun Daiying (1895–1931), revolutionary and pioneer of early Communist Youth activities.
*[[Liu Haisu]] (1896–1994), prominent artist.
*[[Zhang Tailei]] (1898–1927), one of the founders of Chinese Communist Party, first Chinese ever working in Communist International.
*[[Qu Qiubai]] (1899–1935), former General Secretary of the [[Communist Party of China]] and prominent [[Marxism|Marxist]] thinker and writer. Named "Changzhou San Jie" together with Yun Daiying and Zhang Tailei.

Qu Qiubai, Zhang Tailei and Yun Daiying, who are called “three heroes of Changzhou”, were earlier Party leaders. They fought for the reform of China and sacrificed themselves. As one of the earlier leaders of the Party, Qu Qiubai was a Marxist, an excellent proletarian revolutionist, theorist and publicist as well as one of the founders of the revolutionary literature in China. Zhang Tailei is a name closely related to foundation of Socialist Youth League and Guangzhou Uprising. He was one of the earliest international activists in the Party as well as the link between the Party and Communist International, Youth League and Youth Communist International. He was called the “real internationalist”. Yun Daiying was one of the early Party leaders. He was also a political scientist, theorist, and leader of youth movements. He participated into and led the May Fourth Movement, the May 30th Movement, Nanchang Uprising, and Guangzhou Uprising, etc. Having been influenced by him, numerous young people stepped onto the road of reform. “Three heroes of Changzhou” are the representatives of the celebrities of Changzhou, and they will be the pride of Changzhou people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/688404021364627 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175530/http://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/688404021364627 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

*[[Zhou Youguang]] (1906–2017), linguist often credited as the "father of [[Hanyu Pinyin]]"
*[[Hua Luogeng]] (1910–1985), prominent [[mathematician]].
*[[Xie Zhiliu]] (1910–1997), prominent painter.
*[[Tang Jun (executive)|Tang Jun]] (1965–), former President of Microsoft in China.
*[[Lu Lan]] (1987–), [[Olympics|Olympic]] athlete and badminton player. Won the woman's championship at the [[2009 BWF World Championships]].

==See also==
* [[Changzhou sesame candy]]
* [[List of twin towns and sister cities in China]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Changzhou}}
{{wikivoyage|Changzhou}}
*[http://www.changzhou.gov.cn Government website of Changzhou] {{in lang|zh}}
*[http://changzhou.jiangsu.net Changzhou city guide with open directory] (Jiangsu.NET)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131102133053/http://www.mildchina.com/history-culture/changzhou-history.html The history and culture of Changzhou city] (Mildchina.com)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001728/http://www.zeelandstijl.nl/ Café Zeeland - The first European style café of Changzhou] {{in lang|zh}}
*[http://www.scholarshipchina.com/city/61-changzhou Universities available for international students in Changzhou]

{{Jiangsu topics}}
{{Jiangsu}}
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Major cities along the Yangtze River}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Changzhou| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Jiangsu]]

E231 series

2022-01-30T01:39:14Z

202.255.28.252: /* 8-car Musashino Line */

{{short description|Japanese train type}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox train
| name = E231 series
| image = JR East E231-0 Series Mitsu B11 Inage.Sta.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = A Chūō–Sōbu Line E231-0 series train in May 2019
| service =
| manufacturer = [[JR East]], [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]], [[Tokyu Car Corporation]]
| factory = Niitsu, Kobe, Yokohama
| family =
| replaced = [[103 series]], [[113 series]], [[115 series]], [[201 series]], [[205 series]], [[301 series]]
| successor = [[E235 series]] (Yamanote Line)
| yearconstruction = 1998–2006 2010–2011 (SaHa E231-600 & SaHa E231-4600 carriages)
| yearservice = March 2000
| refurbishment = 2014–
| yearscrapped = 2010–
| numberconstruction=
| numberbuilt = 2,736 vehicles
| numberservice = 2,476 vehicles (+48 vehicles converted to [[E235 series]])
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped = 212 vehicles
| formation = 4/5/8/10 cars per trainset (''Previously also 11'')
| fleetnumbers =
| capacity =
| operator = [[JR East]]
| depots = Kawagoe, Keiyō, Kōzu, Matsudo, Mitaka, Oyama
| lines = (See below)
| carbody = Stainless steel
| carlength = {{Convert|20,000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="neko2009">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR全車輌ハンドブック2009 |trans-title=JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2009 | publisher = Neko Publishing | year = 2009 | location = Japan | isbn = 978-4-7770-0836-0|title=Jēāru zensharyō handobukku: Rail Magazine 2009 }}</ref>
| width = {{Convert|2,950|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="neko2009"/>
| height =
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| doors = 4 pairs per side (''previously also 6 pairs per side'') 2 doors per side (Green cars)
| maxspeed = {{Convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref name="neko2009"/>
| weight =
| acceleration = 2.5 km/h/s, 3.0 km/h/s or 3.3 km/h/s
| deceleration = 4.0 km/h/s (4.5 km/h/s for emergency brake)
| traction = IGBT-VVVF
| poweroutput =
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac = AU725/AU726
| electricsystem = 1,500 V DC overhead
| collectionmethod = Overhead line
| bogies = DT61 (powered), TR246 (trailer)
| brakes = [[Regenerative brake]], [[electronically controlled pneumatic brakes]]
| safety = [[Automatic Train Stop|ATS]]-P, ATS-SN, D-ATC
| coupling = [[Railway_coupling#Shibata_coupler|Shibata type]]
| multipleworking = [[E233-3000 series]] (for [[E231 series#E231-1000 series|E231-1000 series]] only)
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}

The {{Nihongo|'''E231 series'''|E231系|E231-kei}} is an [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) train type used for commuter and outer-suburban services operated by [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) in Japan since 2000.

==Design==
Trains were manufactured by [[Tokyu Car Corporation]], [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]] and also at JR East's factory at [[Niitsu, Niigata|Niitsu]] in [[Niigata Prefecture]].

The type evolved from the earlier [[209 series]] and [[E217 series]] EMUs, with the main visible difference being wider bodies (2,950 mm compared to the 2,800 mm for earlier commuter trains), and the prototype train built in 1998 for trials on the [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]] was actually classified 209-950 series, later becoming E231-900 series. Full-production E231-0 series trains were subsequently introduced on the Chūō–Sōbu Line (10-car sets) and [[Jōban Line]] (10+5-car sets). Other variants include the 11-car E231-500 series for the [[Yamanote Line]], and the E231-800 series with 2,800 mm wide bodies and end doors for use on [[Tokyo Metro Tozai Line]] inter-running services.

From 2000 onward, the first E231-1000 series outer-suburban variant was delivered for use on [[Utsunomiya Line]] and [[Takasaki Line]] services north from [[Ueno Station]] in Tokyo. These trains included transverse seating in some cars and were also equipped with toilets. Production continued into 2006 with trains delivered for use on the [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] south from Tokyo. From 2004 onward, two bilevel Green cars were inserted into all E231-1000 series ten-car sets.

==Variants==
* [[File:LineColor_ChuoSobu.svg|10px]] / [[File:LineColor_JobanRapid.svg|10px]] / [[File:LineColor_Musashino.svg|10px]] '''E231-0 series''': 8-car, 10-car, and 10+5-car sets used on the [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]], [[Jōban Line]], [[Narita Line]], [[Musashino Line]], and [[Keiyō Line]]
* [[File:LineColor_ChuoSobu.svg|10px]] '''E231-500 series''': 10-car sets used on [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]]
* [[File:LineColor_ChuoSobuTozai.svg|10px]] '''E231-800 series''': 10-car sets used on [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]] and [[Tokyo Metro Tozai Line]] interrunning services
* [[File:LineColor_Musashino.svg|10px]] '''E231-900 series''': 8-car set used on the [[Musashino Line]] and [[Keiyō Line]]
* [[File:LineColor_TokaidoNew.svg|10px]] '''E231-1000 series''': 10+5-car suburban sets used on the [[Tōkaidō Main Line]], [[Utsunomiya Line]], and [[Takasaki Line]], and on [[Ueno–Tokyo Line]] and [[Shōnan–Shinjuku Line]] through services
* [[File:LineColor_Hachiko.svg|10px]] '''E231-3000 series''': 4-car sets converted from former E231-0 series sets for use on the [[Kawagoe Line]] and [[Hachikō Line]]

=== Former operations ===
*[[File:LineColor_Yamanote.svg|10px]] '''E231-500 series''': 11-car sets used on the [[Yamanote Line]] from 21 April 2002 until 20 January 2020
* [[File:LineColor_ChuoSobu.svg|10px]] '''E231-900 series''': 10-car set used on the [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]] from December 1998 until 25 February 2020 (designated as 209-950 series until June 2000)

{{Clear}}

==E231-0 series==
{{Infobox train
| name = E231-0 series
| image = Series-E231-103.jpg
| imagealt =
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = A Jōban Line 10+5 car set in March 2021
| service =
| manufacturer =
| factory =
| family =
| replaced = [[103 series]], [[103 series#103-1000 series|103-1000 series]], [[201 series]], [[205 series]], [[205 series#205-5000 series|205-5000 series]]
| yearconstruction = 2000–2006
| yearservice = 13 March 2000
| refurbishment = 2014–2020
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 725 vehicles
| numberservice = 599 vehicles (76 sets) (+24 vehicles converted to [[E231 series#E231-3000 series|E231-3000 series]])
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped = 102 vehicles
| formation = 5/8/10 cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers =
| capacity =
| operator = [[JR East]]
| depots = Keiyō, Matsudo, Mitaka ''Previously: Narashino''
| lines = [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]], [[Jōban Line]], [[Keiyō Line]], [[Musashino Line]], [[Narita Line]], [[Tōkaidō Main Line|Tōkaidō Line]], [[Ueno–Tokyo Line]]
| carbody = Stainless steel
| carlength =
| width = {{Convert|2,950|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height =
| floorheight =
| doors = 4 pairs per side (''previously also 6 pairs per side'')
| maxspeed =
| weight =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction = [[Variable-frequency drive|Variable frequency]] (Mitsubishi IGBT-VVVF)
| traction motors = MT73
| poweroutput = 95kW Per Motor
| transmission = Gear Ratio: 14:99=1:7.07
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
| collectionmethod = PS33B pantograph
| bogies =
| brakes =
| safety =
| coupling =
| multipleworking =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}

The first full-production E231-0 series trains were introduced on the [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]] between February 2000 and November 2001, with and 21 ten-car sets (101–121) based at Narashino Depot in Chiba<ref>{{cite web|url=https://4gousya.net/jr/4195.php|title=E231系習志野電車区編成表（2003年11月末時点）|trans-title=E231 series Narashino Depot formations (November 2003)}}</ref> and 21 ten-car sets (20–25, 28–42) based at Mitaka Depot in Tokyo. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://4gousya.net/jr/4186.php|title=E231系三鷹車両センター編成表（2009年11月末時点）|trans-title=E231 series Mitaka Depot formations (November 2009)}}</ref> They replaced older 103, 201, and 205 series trains. One more ten-car set (57) was delivered to Mitaka Depot in November 2002. In December 2003, all Narashino sets were transferred to Mitaka Depot and renumbered 1–19, 26, and 27. Between October and November 2006, three more sets (80–82) were built to replace three [[209 series#209-500 series|209-500 series]] sets transferred to the [[Keihin–Tōhoku Line|Keihin–Tōhoku]]—[[Negishi Line]], creating a total fleet of 46 trains. The Chūō–Sōbu Line sets each contained a six-door car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2019冬 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations - Winter 2019 |publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha |date = 14 November 2018 |location = Japan |pages =49, 62–63, 72, 74–77, 80–81, 96–99 |isbn = 978-4-330-93218-7}}</ref>

New built E231-0 series sets were also delivered to Matsudo Depot between November 2001 and February 2005 for use on [[Jōban Line]] services between [[Ueno Station|Ueno]] and [[Toride Station|Toride]], and also [[Narita Line]] services to [[Narita Station|Narita]], replacing the earlier 103 series fleet. A total of 17 ten-car sets (101–117) and 19 five-car sets (121–139) were built.<ref name="jrr2009">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2009夏 |trans-title=JR EMU Formations - Summer 2009 | publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha | date = June 2009 | location = Japan | isbn = 978-4-330-06909-8}}</ref>

From December 2009 to November 2011, set 27 was temporarily transferred to Tokyo General Rolling Stock Center and used to deliver new [[E231 series#E231-500 series|SaHa E231-600 and SaHa E231-4600]] trailer cars for the [[Yamanote Line]]. In 2012, a "B" suffix was added to all Chūō–Sōbu Line sets (B1–B42, B57, and B80–B82).

===Refurbishment===
Between 2015 and 2020, all E231-0 series sets underwent a mid-life refurbishment with new equipment. In addition, with the transfer of former Yamanote Line [[E231 series#E231-500 series|E231-500 series]] sets to the Chūō–Sōbu Line and to prepare for the installation of platform doors, 40 trains were transferred from the Chūō–Sōbu Line to other lines, while six trains were reformed and remain on the Chūō–Sōbu Line with all six-door cars replaced with excess four-door cars from the other 40 sets.<ref name="chuo_sobu_reform">{{cite web|url=https://tx-style.net/jr/4524.php|title=中央総武緩行線からの転出|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref>

In late 2014 and early 2015, two Chūō–Sōbu Line sets (B20 and B21, with six-door cars substituted by two trailer cars from B22) were transferred to the Jōban Line (and renumbered 118 and 119)<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/> for the extension of the Jōban Line services to [[Shinagawa Station]] with the opening of the [[Ueno–Tokyo Line]]. This brought the total number of Jōban Line sets to 38 (19 five-car and 19 ten-car sets), all of which were refurbished between 2015 and 2020.

From October 2017 to September 2020, 32 Chūō–Sōbu Line sets were refurbished, shortened to eight cars, and transferred to the Musashino Line (and renumbered MU2–MU21, MU31–MU39, and MU41–MU43) to replace older [[205 series]] and [[205 series#205-5000 series|205-5000 series]] sets; the first set (MU2) entered service in November 2017.<ref name="railfan681">{{cite magazine|script-title=ja: 武蔵野線にE231系が登場|trans-title= E231 series appears on the Musashino Line |magazine = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |volume = 58|issue = 681 |page = 52 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = ja |date = January 2018}}</ref>

From November 2017 to October 2019, six Chūō–Sōbu Line sets were refurbished, shortened to four cars, redesignated as [[E231 series#E231-3000 series|E231-3000 series]], and transferred to the [[Hachikō Line]] and [[Kawagoe Line]].

The first reformed E231-0 series Chūō–Sōbu Line train (with 6 motored cars and no six-door car), numbered set B11 and composed of 8 cars of former set B11 and 2 cars of former set B5, completed refurbishment on 24 April 2018 and reentered into service on 21 May 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2nd-train.net/topics/article/20557/|title=【JR東】E231系ミツB11編成営業運転開始|trans-title=JR East - E231 series set B11 entered into service|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> A total of six reformed ten-car trains remain on the Chūō–Sōbu Line. The last non-reformed trains (with 4 motored cars and a six-door car), sets B80 and B82, were removed from service after 13 March 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ameblo.jp/shonan-shinjukuline/entry-12581824539.html|title=E231系、八ミツB80・B82編成が運用離脱|trans-title=E231 series sets B80 and B82 removed from service|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>

Between 17 August<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2nd-train.net/topics/article/29105/|title=【JR東】E231系マト118編成長野総合車両センター入場回送|trans-title=[JR East] Matsudo Depot E231 series set 118 entered Nagano depot|date=17 August 2020}}</ref> and 7 October 2020,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2nd-train.net/topics/article/29813/|title=【JR東】E231系元マト118編成長野総合車両センター出場|trans-title=[JR East] Former Matsudo Depot E231 series set 118 exited Nagano depot|date=7 October 2020}}</ref> Jōban Line set 118 was shortened to 8 cars and modified for use on the Musashino Line at Nagano depot. It was renumbered MU22 and reentered service on 12 October.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2nd-train.net/topics/article/29865/|title=【JR東】E231系ケヨMU22編成　営業運転開始|trans-title=[JR East] Keiyo Depot E231 series set MU22 entered in service|date=10 October 2020}}</ref>

====Transfers from Chūō–Sōbu Line====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%;"
|-
!colspan="12"|Chūō–Sōbu Line transfers and reformations (standard pattern)
|-style="background-color: #FFEA80;"
! Old Chūō–Sōbu 4M6T sets !! x41
| Car 1 KuHa E231 || Car 2 SaHa E231 || Car 3 MoHa E231 || Car 4 MoHa E230 || Car 5 SaHa E230 || Car 6 SaHa E231 || Car 7 SaHa E231 || Car 8 MoHa E231 || Car 9 MoHa E230 || Car 10 KuHa E230
|-
! colspan=2| Type
| cab + trailer || trailer || colspan=2| motored pair || trailer 6-door || trailer || trailer || colspan=2| motored pair || trailer + cab
|-style="background-color: #FFEA80;"
! New Chūō–Sōbu 6M4T sets !! x5
| Car 1 || style="background-color: #ccc;"| X || Car 2 || Car 3 || style="background-color: #ccc;"| X || Car 4 || Car 7 || Car 8 || Car 9 || Car 10
|-style="background-color: #ccc;"
! Hachikō/Kawagoe [[E231 series#E231-3000 series|-3000 series]] sets !! x5
| style="background-color: #CDE699;"| Car 4 || X || style="background-color: #FFEA80;"| Chūō–Sōbu Car 5 || style="background-color: #FFEA80;"| Chūō–Sōbu Car 6 || X || X || X || style="background-color: #CDE699;"| Car 3 || style="background-color: #CDE699;"| Car 2 || style="background-color: #CDE699;"| Car 1
|-style="background-color: #F8AD91;"
! Musashino sets !! x31
| Car 1 || style="background-color: #ccc;"| X || Car 2 || Car 3 || style="background-color: #ccc;"| X || Car 4 || Car 5 || Car 6 || Car 7 || Car 8
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%;"
|-
!colspan="11"|Chūō–Sōbu Line transfers and reformations (non-standard pattern)
|-style="background-color: #FFEA80;"
! Old Chūō–Sōbu 4M6T sets
| Car 1 KuHa E231 || Car 2 SaHa E231 || Car 3 MoHa E231 || Car 4 MoHa E230 || Car 5 SaHa E230 || Car 6 SaHa E231 || Car 7 SaHa E231 || Car 8 MoHa E231 || Car 9 MoHa E230 || Car 10 KuHa E230
|-
! Type
| cab + trailer || trailer || colspan=2| motored pair || trailer 6-door || trailer || trailer || colspan=2| motored pair || trailer + cab
|-style="background-color: #ccc;"
! Former B5
| style="background-color: #CDE699;"| <abbr title="Kawagoe Depot, Hachikō/Kawagoe Line">Hae</abbr> 41 Car 4 || X || style="background-color: #FFEA80;"| <abbr title="Mitaka Depot, Chūō–Sōbu Line">Mitsu</abbr> B11 Car 5 || style="background-color: #FFEA80;"| Mitsu B11 Car 6 || X || style="background-color: #F8AD91;" | <abbr title="Keiyō Depot, Musashino Line">Keyo</abbr> MU2 Car 4 || X || style="background-color: #CDE699;"| Hae 41 Car 3 || style="background-color: #CDE699;"| Hae 41 Car 2 || style="background-color: #CDE699;"| Hae 41 Car 1
|-style="background-color: #FFEA80;"
! Former B11
| Mitsu B11 Car 1 || style="background-color: #ccc;"| X || Mitsu B11 Car 2 || Mitsu B11 Car 3 || style="background-color: #ccc;"| X || Mitsu B11 Car 4 || Mitsu B11 Car 7 || Mitsu B11 Car 8 || Mitsu B11 Car 9 || Mitsu B11 Car 10
|-style="background-color: #99CCCC;"
! rowspan=3| Former B20
| <abbr title="Matsudo Depot, Jōban Line">Mato</abbr> 118 Car 10 || Mato 118 Car 9 || Mato 118 Car 8 || Mato 118 Car 7 || style="background-color: #ccc;" rowspan=3| X || Mato 118 Car 5 || Mato 118 Car 4 || Mato 118 Car 3 || Mato 118 Car 2 || Mato 118 Car 1
|-
| ↓ || ↓ || ↓ || ↓ || ↓ || ↓ || ↓ || ↓ || ↓
|-style="background-color: #F8AD91;"
| Keyo MU22 Car 1 || style="background-color: #ccc;"| X || Keyo MU22 Car 2 || Keyo MU22 Car 3 || Keyo MU22 Car 5 || style="background-color: #ccc;"| X || Keyo MU22 Car 6 || Keyo MU22 Car 7 || Keyo MU22 Car 8
|-style="background-color: #99CCCC;"
! Former B21
| Mato 119 Car 10 || Mato 119 Car 9 || Mato 119 Car 8 || Mato 119 Car 7 || style="background-color: #ccc;"| X || Mato 119 Car 5 || Mato 119 Car 4 || Mato 119 Car 3 || Mato 119 Car 2 || Mato 119 Car 1
|-style="background-color: #F8AD91;"
! rowspan=3| Former B22
| rowspan=3| Keyo MU2 Car 1 || rowspan=3| Keyo MU2 Car 5 || rowspan=3| Keyo MU2 Car 2 || rowspan=3| Keyo MU2 Car 3 || style="background-color: #ccc;" rowspan=3| X || style="background-color: #99CCCC;"| Mato 118 Car 6 || style="background-color: #99CCCC;" rowspan=3| Mato 119 Car 6 || rowspan=3| Keyo MU2 Car 6 || rowspan=3| Keyo MU2 Car 7 || rowspan=3| Keyo MU2 Car 8
|-
| ↓
|-style="background-color: #F8AD91;"
| Keyo MU22 Car 4
|}

=== Lines served ===
* Chūō–Sōbu Line
* Jōban Line (Rapid) ([[Toride Station|Toride]] - [[Ueno Station|Ueno]]), Ueno–Tokyo Line, Tōkaidō Line ([[Tokyo Station|Tokyo]] - [[Shinagawa Station|Shinagawa]]) and Narita Line ([[Abiko Station (Chiba)|Abiko]] - [[Narita Line|Narita]])
* Musashino Line, [[Keiyō Line]] (also ''[[Musashino (train)|Musashino]]'' and '' [[Shimōsa (train)|Shimōsa]]'')

===Formations===

====10-car Chūō–Sōbu Line 6M4T sets (since 2018)====
{{As of|2020|03|19}}, six ten-car sets (B10–B12, B14, B26, B27) are based at Mitaka depot in Tokyo and formed as shown below with six motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="10"|<div style="float:left;">← Chiba, Tsudanuma</div><div style="float:right;">Nakano, Mitaka →</div>
|-style="line-height: 10px; background-color: #FFD400;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
! Designation
| Tc || M || M' || T || M || M' || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231 || MoHa E231 || MoHa E230 || SaHa E231 || MoHa E231 || MoHa E230 || SaHa E231 || MoHa E231 || MoHa E230 || KuHa E230
|}
* Cars 2, 5, and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.
* Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.
* Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.

====10-car Jōban Line sets====
{{As of|2020|08|17}}, 18 ten-car sets (101–117, 119) are based at Matsudo depot in Chiba Prefecture and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and six non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="e231-matsudo">{{cite web|url=https://4gousya.net/jr/4101.php|title=E231系松戸車両センター編成表（最新版）|trans-title=E231 Matsudo Depot formations (latest)|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="10"|<div style="float:left;">← Narita, Toride</div><div style="float:right;">Ueno, Shinagawa →</div>
|-style="line-height: 7px; background-color: #339999;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 3px; background-color: #33DD22;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 10 !! 9 !! 8 !! 7 !! 6 !! 5 !! 4 !! 3 !! 2 !! 1
|-
! Designation
| Tc || T || M || M' || T || T || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231 || SaHa E231 || MoHa E231 || MoHa E230 || SaHa E231 || SaHa E231 || SaHa E231 || MoHa E231 || MoHa E230 || KuHa E230
|}
* Cars 3 and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 8 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

====5-car Jōban Line sets====
{{As of|2018|10|01}}, 19 five-car sets (121–139) are based at Matsudo depot in Chiba Prefecture and formed as shown below with two motored ("M") cars and three non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="5"|<div style="float:left;">← Narita, Toride</div><div style="float:right;">Ueno, Shinagawa →</div>
|-style="line-height: 7px; background-color: #339999;"
|colspan="6" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 3px; background-color: #33DD22;"
|colspan="6" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 15 !! 14 !! 13 !! 12 !! 11
|-
! Designation
| Tc || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231 || SaHa E231 || MoHa E231 || MoHa E230 || KuHa E230
|}
* Car 13 has one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 11 and 15 have a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 14 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

====8-car Musashino Line sets====
{{As of|2020|10|12}}, 33 eight-car sets (MU2–MU22, MU31–MU39, MU41–MU43) are based at Keiyō Depot and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="e231-keiyo">{{cite web|url=https://tx-style.net/jr/4206.php|title=E231系京葉車両センター編成表（最新版）|trans-title=E231 Keiyō Depot formations (latest)|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="8"|<div style="float:left;">← Tokyo, Kaihinmakuhari, Nishi-Funabashi</div><div style="float:right;">Fuchūhommachi →</div>
|-style="line-height: 6px; background-color: #F15A22;"
|colspan="9" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 1px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"
|colspan="9" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 3px; background-color: #3C060F;"
|colspan="9" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8
|-
! Designation
| Tc || M || M' || T || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231 || MoHa E231 || MoHa E230 || SaHa E231 || SaHa E231 || MoHa E231 || MoHa E230 || KuHa E230
|}
* Cars 2 and 6 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1 and 8 have a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

===Previous formations===

====10-car Chūō–Sōbu Line 4M6T sets (2002 to 2020)====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="10"|<div style="float:left;">← Chiba, Tsudanuma</div><div style="float:right;">Nakano, Mitaka →</div>
|-style="line-height: 10px; background-color: #FFD400;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
! Designation
| Tc || T || M || M' || T' || T || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231 || SaHa E231 || MoHa E231 || MoHa E230 || SaHa E230 || SaHa E231 || SaHa E231 || MoHa E231 || MoHa E230 || KuHa E230
|}
* Cars 3 and 8 each had one PS33B single-arm [[Pantograph (rail)|pantograph]].<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 5 had six pairs of doors per side.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1 and 10 had a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 4 was designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

<gallery class=center>
File:SeriesE231-0 Sobu-Line.jpg|A Chūō–Sōbu Line 10-car E231-0 series set in May 2019
File:E231系0番台マト101編成.jpg|A Jōban Line 10+5-car E231-0 series formation in July 2008
File:JR East e231 series Musashino Line 20171127.jpg|Musashino Line 8-car E231-0 series set MU2 in November 2017
</gallery>

===Special liveries===

In April 2021, JR East celebrated the 120th anniversary of the Abiko Branch Line. To commemorate this, on 13 April the cab fronts of Jōban Line set 139 were repainted into [[Sōbu Line (Rapid)|Sōbu]]/[[Yokosuka Line]] blue and cream stripes, while the rest of the train retained its emerald/yellow-green livery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://train-fan.com/e231-mato139/|title=【E231系スカ色】成田線120周年記念！マト139編成が横須賀色に|access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref> Then, on 29 April, the rest of the train was also repainted in the same color scheme, resulting in the entire train re-liveried in the Sōbu/Yokosuka Line blue/cream-colored stripes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://train-fan.com/mato139-event/|title=【スカ色の帯】我孫子支線120周年！横須賀色のマト139編成が松戸でお披露目|access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref> The trainset was painted back into its original livery in late October.{{cn|date=October 2021}}

<gallery>
File:E231 series set Mato 139 20210413-1 (cropped).jpg|Set 139 with the cab front in Sōbu/Yokosuka Line color, April 2021
File:Series-E231-139 Yokosuka-Wrapping.jpg|Set 139 in complete Sōbu/Yokosuka Line livery in May 2021
</gallery>

{{Clear}}

==E231-500 series==
{{Infobox train
| name = E231-500 series
| image = Series-E231-A545.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = Chūō–Sōbu Line 10-car E231-500 series set A545 in March 2021
| service =
| manufacturer =
| factory =
| family =
| replaced = [[205 series]], [[209 series#209-500 series|209-500 series]], [[E231 series#E231-0 series|E231-0 series]]
| yearconstruction = 2002–2005, 2010–2011 (SaHa E231-600, SaHa E231-4600) 
| yearservice = 21 April 2002
| refurbishment = 2014–2020
| yearscrapped = 2010–2011 (SaHa E230-500 x104) 2020 (SaHa E231-4600 x4)
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 676 vehicles
| numberservice = 520 vehicles (52 sets) (+48 vehicles converted to [[E235 series]])
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped = 108 vehicles
| formation = 10 (''previously 11'') cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers = A501–A552 ''Previously: 501-552''
| capacity =
| operator = [[JR East]]
| depots = Mitaka
| lines = [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]] ''Previously: [[Yamanote Line]]''
| carbody = Stainless steel
| carlength =
| width = {{Convert|2,950|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height =
| floorheight =
| doors = 4 pairs per side (''previously also 6 pairs per side'')
| maxspeed =
| weight =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction =
| poweroutput =
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
| collectionmethod = PS33B pantograph
| bogies =
| brakes =
| safety =
| coupling =
| multipleworking =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}
A fleet of 52 11-car E231-500 series was delivered from January 2002 to April 2005 for use on [[Yamanote Line]] services, replacing the earlier [[205 series]] fleet. The first trains entered service on 21 April 2002. These trains include D-ATC digital automatic train control, and feature pairs of LCD passenger information screens above each door internally. These screens also show advertisements. Each 11-car set originally contained two six-door SaHa E230 trailer cars (cars 7 and 10)<ref name="jrr2009"/> with six pairs of doors per side and bench seats that were folded up until 10 a.m. on weekdays to provide standing room only during the morning peak. From 22 February 2010, the seats were able to be used during the morning peak.<ref name="hobidas20100217">{{Cite web | title = 山手線6扉車を順次4扉車に (Yamanote Line 6-door cars to be gradually replaced with 4-door cars) | work = Hobidas | publisher = Neko Publishing | date = 17 February 2010 | url = http://rail.hobidas.com/news/info/article/113572.html | language = ja | access-date = 17 February 2010}}</ref>

===SaHa E231-600/-4600 series cars===
To standardize door spacing ahead of the introduction of platform doors on all Yamanote Line stations by 2017, the two six-door cars in each set were subsequently replaced by a new build of four-door trailer cars between February 2010 and August 2011,<ref name="hobidas20100217"/> the first of which were delivered from JR East's Niitsu factory on 1 February 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://rail.hobidas.com/rmn/archives/2010/02/jre2314.html |script-title=ja: 山手線用E231系4ドア車配給輸送 |trans-title= Yamanote Line E231 series 4-door cars delivered |language= ja|date= 1 February 2010|access-date= 1 February 2010}}</ref>

The new SaHa E231-600 cars (new car 7) incorporated some elements from the newer [[E233 series]] (most notably seats and handrails).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nukezo.s601.xrea.com/train/shanai/jr/j-east/e231_500_1.html|title=E231系500番台「山手線」 - 600番台（7号車）|trans-title=E231-500 series [Yamanote Line] - 600 series (car 7)|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref>

The new SaHa E231-4600 cars (new car 10) were built almost fully to [[E233 series]] standards;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nukezo.s601.xrea.com/train/shanai/jr/j-east/e231_500_2.html|title=E231系500番台「山手線」 - 4600番台（10号車）|trans-title=E231-500 series [Yamanote Line] - 4600 series (car 10)|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref> they also have an irregular door spacing corresponding to the driving cars of [[Keihin–Tōhoku Line]] E233-1000 series sets, which occasionally have to share the same platforms during engineering work. This results in interior seating arranged 3-7-7-5-4, instead of the normal 3-7-7-7-3 arrangement.<ref name="railfan586">{{cite magazine| title =　山手線電車１００周年|trans-title= 100th anniversary of Yamanote Line trains |magazine=[[Japan Railfan Magazine]] | volume = 50| issue = 586|page=57| publisher = Koyusha| location = Japan | date = February 2010}}</ref>

[[File:JRE-SeriesE231-500.jpg|thumb|A Yamanote Line 11-car set in December 2019]]

===Refurbishment===
In October 2014, former Yamanote Line set 520 was released from overhaul as a ten-car set, numbered A520, allocated to Mitaka Depot, and finished in the yellow Chūō–Sōbu Line livery.<ref name="railfan20141029">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2014/10/29/173500.html|script-title=ja: E231系500番台が中央・総武緩行線仕様となって出場 |trans-title= E231-500 series outshopped in Chūō–Sōbu Line style|date= 29 October 2014|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 30 November 2014}}</ref> It entered revenue service on the Chūō–Sōbu Line from 1 December 2014.<ref name="railfan20141202">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2014/12/02/165000.html|script-title=ja:中央総武緩行線でE231系500番台が営業運転を開始 |trans-title= E231-500 series enters revenue service on Chūō–Sōbu Line|date= 2 December 2014|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 2 December 2014}}</ref> A second set, former Yamanote Line set 540 was converted to a ten-car set for use on the Chūō–Sōbu Line in May 2016, renumbered A540.<ref name="railfan20160520">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2016/05/20/120000.html|script-title=ja: E231系トウ540編成が三鷹車両センターに転属 |trans-title= E231 series set 540 transferred to Mitaka Depot|date= 20 May 2016|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160611073343/http://railf.jp/news/2016/05/20/120000.html|archive-date= 11 June 2016|url-status=live|access-date= 11 June 2016}}</ref> Between 2017 and 2020, the remaining sets were transferred to the Chūō–Sōbu Line as the E235 series replaced them on the Yamanote Line.<ref name="e231-500-status">{{cite web|url=https://tx-style.net/jr/4520.php|title=「山手線・中央総武緩行線の世代交代」について|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref> The SaHa E231-4600 cars were removed as the Chūō–Sōbu Line uses 10-car trains. As a result, 48 of the 52 surplus SaHa E231-4600 cars were updated to E235 series standards (and re-numbered [[E235 series#SaHa E235-500/-4600 series cars|SaHa E235-4600]]) and continue to be used on the Yamanote Line, while the remaining 4 cars were scrapped.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://4gousya.net/forums/post/%e5%bb%83%e8%bb%8a%e7%a2%ba%e8%aa%8d%e6%b8%88%e3%81%bf%e3%81%aee231%e7%b3%bb6%e4%b8%a1%e3%81%8c%e8%a7%a3%e4%bd%93%e5%ae%8c%e4%ba%86%ef%bc%88%e6%9d%b1%e4%ba%ac%e3%83%bb%e9%95%b7%e9%87%8e%ef%bc%89|title=廃車確認済みのE231系6両が解体完了（東京・長野）|trans-title=Scrapping of 6 decommissioned E231 series cars completed (Tokyo, Nagano depots)|date=20 December 2020}}</ref> The last set of E231-500 (Set 506) on the Yamanote Line finished service in January 2020 and was converted for service on the Chūō–Sōbu Line as set A506.<ref>{{Cite web|title=【JR東】E231系A506編成東京総合車両センター出場回送 {{!}}2nd-train鉄道ニュース|url=https://2nd-train.net/topics/article/26844/|access-date=2020-07-03|website=2nd-train|language=ja}}</ref>

===Lines served===
* Chūō–Sōbu Line
===Former operations===
* Yamanote Line

===Formations===

====10-car Chūō–Sōbu Line sets====
{{As of|2020|3|3}}, 52 ten-car sets (A501-A552) are based at Mitaka depot in Tokyo and formed as shown below with six motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="10"|<div style="float:left;">← Chiba, Tsudanuma</div><div style="float:right;">Nakano, Mitaka →</div>
|-style="line-height: 10px; background-color: #FFD400;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
! Designation
| Tc || M || M' || T || M || M' || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231-500 || MoHa E231-500 || MoHa E230-500 || SaHa E231-600 || MoHa E231-500 || MoHa E230-500 || SaHa E231-500 || MoHa E231-500 || MoHa E230-500 || KuHa E230-500
|}
* Cars 2, 5, and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

===Previous formations===

====11-car Yamanote Line sets (2010 to 2020)====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="11"|<div style="float:left;">← Counterclockwise (Inner)</div><div style="float:right;">Clockwise (Outer) →</div>
|-style="line-height: 10px; background-color: #9ACD32;"
|colspan="12" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 11 !! 10 !! 9 !! 8 !! 7 !! 6 !! 5 !! 4 !! 3 !! 2 !! 1
|-
! Designation
| Tc || T || M || M' || T || M || M' || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231-500 || SaHa E231-4600 || MoHa E231-500 || MoHa E230-500 || SaHa E231-600 || MoHa E231-500 || MoHa E230-500 || SaHa E231-500 || MoHa E231-500 || MoHa E230-500 || KuHa E230-500
|}
* Cars 3, 6, and 9 each had one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1 and 11 had a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 4 was designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

====11-car Yamanote Line sets (2002 to 2011)====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="11"|<div style="float:left;">← Counterclockwise (Inner)</div><div style="float:right;">Clockwise (Outer) →</div>
|-style="line-height: 10px; background-color: #9ACD32;"
|colspan="12" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 11 !! 10 !! 9 !! 8 !! 7 !! 6 !! 5 !! 4 !! 3 !! 2 !! 1
|-
! Designation
| Tc || T' || M || M' || T' || M || M' || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231-500 || SaHa E230-500 || MoHa E231-500 || MoHa E230-500 || SaHa E230-500 || MoHa E231-500 || MoHa E230-500 || SaHa E231-500 || MoHa E231-500 || MoHa E230-500 || KuHa E230-500
|}
* Cars 3, 6, and 9 each had one PS33B single-arm pantograph.
* Cars 7 and 10 had six pairs of doors per side.
* Cars 1 and 11 had a wheelchair space.
* Car 4 was designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.

<gallery class=center>
File:Yamanote SaHa E230-501 Ikebukuro 20100603.JPG|SaHa E230-500 6-door car as car No. 10 in June 2010
File:Yamanote SaHa E231-4645 Ikebukuro 20100603.JPG|Replacement SaHa E231-4600 4-door car as car No. 10 in June 2010
File:JReast SahaE231-651.jpg|Replacement SaHa E231-600 4-door car as car No. 7 in March 2010
</gallery>

===Interior===
<gallery class=center>
File:JR East E231 series EMU 501.JPG|Interior view of SaHa E231-500 car
File:JReast SahaE230-500.jpg|Interior view of SaHa E230-500 car with seats folded up for the rush hour
File:JReast SahaE231-4649-inside.jpg|Interior view of SaHa E231-4600 car, showing E233 series derived interior, April 2010
File:JR East information display 001.JPG|Passenger information screen
</gallery>

===Special liveries===
From 7 September to 4 December 2009, E231-500 series set 502 carried an all-over brown livery to mark the 100th anniversary of the naming of Yamanote Line in collaboration with the [[Meiji Seika]] confectionery company.

From 16 January to 28 December 2013, Yamanote Line E231-500 series set 545 operated in an all-over ''[[uguisu]]'' light green livery to mark the 50th anniversary of the first appearance of [[103 series]] EMUs in this colour scheme.<ref name="jreast20121219">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2012/20121214.pdf|script-title=ja:「みどりの山手線ラッピングトレイン」を運行します|trans-title= "Green Yamanote Line Train" to operate|date= 19 December 2012|work= News release|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 19 December 2012}}</ref>

From 11 October 2014 to 31 March 2015, Yamanote Line E231-500 series set 514 operated in an all-over "red brick" livery to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the opening of [[Tokyo Station]], which opened in 1914.<ref name="railfan2014101２">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2014/10/12/183500.html |title= E231系トウ514編成に東京駅開業100周年記念のラッピング |trans-title= E231 series set 514 in Tokyo Station 100th anniversary commemorative livery|date= 12 October 2014|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 13 October 2014}}</ref>

<gallery class=center>
File:JRE-KuhaE230-502.jpg|Set 502 in all-over brown livery in October 2009
File:JR East E231 Yamanote Line 50th 9330G 20130119.jpg|Set 545 in all-over light green livery in January 2013
File:East Japan Railway Company E231-500 Series Tou 514 set.jpg|Set 514 in "red brick" livery in October 2014
</gallery>

{{Clear}}

==E231-800 series==
{{Infobox train
| name = E231-800 series
| image = Series-E231-800-K5.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = A Chūō–Sōbu/Tozai Line 10-car set in March 2021
| service =
| manufacturer =
| factory =
| family =
| replaced = [[103 series#103-1200 series|103-1200 series]], [[301 series]]
| yearconstruction = 2003
| yearservice = 1 May 2003
| refurbishment =
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 70 vehicles
| numberservice = 70 vehicles (7 sets)
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped =
| formation = 10 cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers = K1-K7
| capacity =
| operator = [[JR East]]
| depots = Mitaka
| lines = [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]], [[Tokyo Metro Tozai Line]]
| carbody = Stainless steel
| carlength =
| width =
| height =
| floorheight =
| doors = 4 pairs per side
| maxspeed =
| weight =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction =
| poweroutput =
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
| collectionmethod = PS33B pantograph
| bogies =
| brakes =
| safety =
| coupling =
| multipleworking =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}

Seven ten-car sets (K1 to K7) based at Mitaka Depot for use on [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]] and [[Tokyo Metro Tozai Line]] interrunning services. These sets were delivered between January and May 2003, entering service on 1 May 2003.<ref name="jrr2009"/><ref name="dj231">{{cite journal | title = JR東日本　E231系800番代　5月1日に営業運転を開始|trans-title=JR East E231-800 series enters revenue service on 1 May | journal = Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō | volume = 32 | issue = 231 | page = 72 | date = July 2003 }}</ref>

=== Lines served ===
* Tokyo Metro Tozai Line
* Chūō–Sōbu Line (Mitaka - Nakano; Nishi-Funabashi - Tsudanuma)

===Formations===
{{As of|2018|10|01}}, seven ten-car sets (K1 to K7) are based at Mitaka depot in Tokyo and formed as shown below with six motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="10"|<div style="float:left;">← Tsudanuma, Nishi-Funabashi</div><div style="float:right;">Nakano, Mitaka →</div>
|-style="line-height: 3.3px; background-color: #2222DD;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 6.7px; background-color: #00A7DB;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
! Designation
| Tc || M || M' || T || M || M' || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231-800 || MoHa E231-800 || MoHa E230-800 || SaHa E231-800 || MoHa E231-800 || MoHa E230-800 || SaHa E231-800 || MoHa E231-800 || MoHa E230-800 || KuHa E230-800
|}
* Cars 2, 5, and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 2 and 9 have a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

{{Clear}}

==E231-900 series==
{{Infobox train
| name = E231-900 series
| image = File:JR East E231-900 Series Keyo MU1.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = Musashino Line E231-900 series in July 2020
| service =
| manufacturer =
| factory =
| family =
| replaced = [[201 series]], [[205 series]]
| yearconstruction = 1998 (as [[209 series#209-950 series|209-950 series]])
| yearservice = December 1998
| refurbishment = June 2000, March–July 2020
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 10 vehicles
| numberservice = 8 vehicles (1 set)
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped = 2 vehicles
| formation = 8 (''previously 10'') cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers = MU1 ''Previously: B901''
| capacity =
| operator = [[JR East]]
| depots = Keiyō ''Previously: Mitaka''
| lines = [[Keiyō Line]], [[Musashino Line]] ''Previously: [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]]''
| carbody = Stainless steel
| carlength =
| width = {{Convert|2,950|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height =
| floorheight =
| doors = 4 pairs per side (''previously also 6 pairs per side'')
| maxspeed =
| weight =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction =
| poweroutput =
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
| collectionmethod = PS33B pantograph
| bogies =
| brakes =
| safety =
| coupling =
| multipleworking =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}

This was the prototype E231 series set, built jointly by [[Tokyu Car]] and JR East's Niitsu factory, and delivered in October 1998 for the [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]], classified as [[209-950 series]]. It was reclassified as E231-900 series in June 2000.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

On 25 February 2020, it operated its last revenue service on the Chūō–Sōbu Line. The set was refurbished at Ōmiya Rolling Stock Center between 3 March<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tx-style.net/forums/post/e231%e7%b3%bb900%e7%95%aa%e4%bb%a3%e3%83%9f%e3%83%84b901%e7%b7%a8%e6%88%90%e5%a4%a7%e5%ae%ae%e5%85%a5%e5%a0%b4|title=E231系900番代ミツB901編成大宮入場|trans-title=E231-900 series set B901 entered Ōmiya Rolling Stock Center|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://japan-railway.com/entry/2020/03/03/135337|title=【ミツB901離脱】E231系900番台が総武線から引退 |trans-title=B901 withdrawn: E231-900 series removed from Chūō–Sōbu Line}}</ref> and 10 July<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2nd-train.net/topics/article/28580/|title=【JR東】E231系元ミツB901編成大宮総合車両センター出場回送|trans-title=[JR East]E231 series former set B901 exited Omiya Rolling Stock Center|date=10 July 2020}}</ref> for transfer to the [[Musashino Line]] and associated through services<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tx-style.net/forums/post/%e3%83%9f%e3%83%84b901%e7%b7%a8%e6%88%90%e3%81%af%e6%ad%a6%e8%94%b5%e9%87%8e%e7%b7%9a%e3%81%b8|title=ミツB901編成は武蔵野線へ|trans-title=Set B901 destined for Musashino Line|date=19 April 2020|access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref> and reentered service on 20 July.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://train-fan.com/e231-900-mu1/|title=【元209系】E231系900番台試作車・MU1編成として武蔵野線で"再出発"|trans-title=[Former 209 series] E231-900 series prototype train restarts on Musashino Line as MU1|date=20 July 2020}}</ref>

=== Lines served ===
* Musashino Line, [[Keiyō Line]] (also ''[[Musashino (train)|Musashino]]'' and '' [[Shimōsa (train)|Shimōsa]]'')
=== Former operations ===
* Chūō–Sōbu Line

===Formation===
====8-car Musashino Line====
{{As of|2020|07|20}}, one eight-car set (MU1) is based at Keiyō Depot and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="e231-keiyo"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="8"|<div style="float:left;">← Tokyo, Kaihimmakuhari, Nishi-Funabashi</div><div style="float:right;">Fuchūhommachi →</div>
|-style="line-height: 6px; background-color: #F15A22;"
|colspan="9" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 1px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"
|colspan="9" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 3px; background-color: #3C060F;"
|colspan="9" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8
|-
! Designation
| Tc || M || M' || T || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231-900 || MoHa E231-900 || MoHa E230-900 || SaHa E231-900 || SaHa E231-900 || MoHa E231-900 || MoHa E230-900 || KuHa E230-900
|}
* Cars 2 and 6 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.
* Cars 1 and 8 have a wheelchair space.
* Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.

===Previous formation===
====10-car Chūō–Sōbu Line (2000 to 2020)====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="10"|<div style="float:left;">← Chiba, Tsudanuma</div><div style="float:right;">Nakano, Mitaka →</div>
|-style="line-height: 10px; background-color: #FFD400;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
! Designation
| Tc || T || M || M' || T' || T || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231-900 || SaHa E231-900 || MoHa E231-900 || MoHa E230-900 || SaHa E230-900 || SaHa E231-900 || SaHa E231-900 || MoHa E231-900 || MoHa E230-900 || KuHa E230-900
|}
* Cars 3 and 8 each had one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 5 had six pairs of doors per side.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1 and 10 had a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 4 was designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

<gallery class=center>
File:JR East E231-900 series.jpg|E231-900 series on Chūō–Sōbu Line in March 2019
</gallery>

{{Clear}}

==E231-1000 series==
{{Infobox train
| name = E231-1000 series
| image =SeriesE231-S23.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = A E231-1000 series suburban set on a Tokaido main line service in February 2021
| service =
| manufacturer =
| factory =
| family =
| replaced = [[113 series]], [[115 series]]
| yearconstruction = 2000–2006
| yearservice = 21 June 2000
| refurbishment =
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 1255 vehicles
| numberservice = 1255 vehicles (160 sets)
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped =
| formation = 5/10 cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers =
| capacity =
| operator = [[JR East]]
| depots = Kōzu, Oyama
| lines = [[Ito Line]], [[Joetsu Line]], [[Ryōmō Line]], [[Shōnan–Shinjuku Line]], [[Takasaki Line]], [[Tōkaidō Main Line]], [[Utsunomiya Line]], [[Yokosuka Line]]
| carbody = Stainless steel
| carlength =
| width = {{Convert|2,950|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height =
| floorheight =
| doors = 4 pairs per side 2 doors per side (Green cars)
| maxspeed =
| weight =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction =
| poweroutput =
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
| collectionmethod = PS33B pantograph
| bogies =
| brakes =
| safety =
| coupling =
| multipleworking = [[E233 series#E233-3000 series|E233-3000 series]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}
These trains are designed for longer-distance suburban services, and include toilets, transverse seating bays (in some cars only), and bilevel Green cars (10-car sets only). The [[Ito Line]] and [[Joetsu Line]] mainly use 5-car sets, while the [[Shōnan–Shinjuku Line]], [[Ueno–Tokyo Line]], [[Takasaki Line]], [[Tōkaidō Main Line]], [[Utsunomiya Line]] use 10- or 10+5-car sets.

=== Lines served ===
[[File:JREast Saro E231-1045.jpg|thumb|SaRo E231-1000 bilevel Green car in a Tōkaidō Main Line set in April 2007]]

Ten- and five-car suburban sets based at Oyama and Kōzu depots for use on the following lines.
* [[Takasaki Line]] ({{STN|Ueno}} - {{STN|Takasaki}}) and [[Jōetsu Line|Joetsu Line]] (Takasaki - [[Shin-Maebashi Station|Shin-Maebashi]]) and [[Ryōmō Line]] (Shin-Maebashi - [[Maebashi Station|Maebashi]])
* [[Utsunomiya Line]] (Ueno - {{STN|Kuroiso}})
* Tōkaidō Main Line ({{STN|Tokyo}} - {{STN|Atami}} / {{STN|Numazu}})
** [[Itō Line]] (Atami - [[Itō Station|Itō]], through services from [[Tōkaidō Main Line]])
* [[Ueno–Tokyo Line]] (Ueno - Tokyo)
** Takasaki Line (Ueno - Takasaki), Joetsu Line (Takasaki - Shin-Maebashi) and Ryōmō Line (Shin-Maebashi - Maebashi)
** Utsunomiya Line (Ueno - Kuroiso)
** Tōkaidō Main Line (Tokyo - Atami / Numazu) and Itō Line (Atami to Itō)
* [[Shōnan–Shinjuku Line]] ({{STN|Ōfuna}} - {{STN|Ōmiya |Saitama}})
** [[Yokosuka Line]] ({{STN|Zushi}} - Ōfuna) and Utsunomiya Line (Ōmiya - {{STN|Utsunomiya}})
** Tōkaidō Main Line (Ōfuna - [[Odawara Station|Odawara]]), Takasaki Line (Ōmiya - Takasaki), Joetsu Line (Takasaki - Shin-Maebashi) and Ryōmō Line (Shin-Maebashi - Maebashi)
===Formations===

====10-car K sets====
{{As of|2018|10|01}}, 42 ten-car sets (K-01–K-42) are based at Kōzu depot in Kanagawa Prefecture and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and six non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="10"|<div style="float:left;">← Kuroiso, Maebashi</div><div style="float:right;">Zushi, Itō, Numazu →</div>
|-style="line-height: 3.3px; background-color: #F68B1E;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 6.7px; background-color: #22AA33;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 10 !! 9 !! 8 !! 7 !! 6 !! style="background: #E6FFE6"| 5 !! style="background: #E6FFE6"| 4 !! 3 !! 2 !! 1
|-
! Designation
| Tc || M || M' || T || T || style="background: #F5FFF5"| Tsd || style="background: #F5FFF5"| Tsd' || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231-8500 || MoHa E231-3500 || MoHa E230-1500 || SaHa E231-1000 || SaHa E231-1000 || style="background: #F5FFF5"| SaRo E231-1000 || style="background: #F5FFF5"| SaRo E230-1000 || MoHa E231-1500 || MoHa E230-3500 || KuHa E230-8000
|}
* Cars 3 and 9 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1, 5, and 10 each have a toilet ([[universal design]] in cars 1 and 10).<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 8 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 4 and 5 are bilevel Green Cars.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

====10-car U sets====
{{As of|2018|10|01}}, 49 ten-car sets (U501–U541, U584–U591) are based at Oyama depot in Tochigi Prefecture and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and six non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="10"|<div style="float:left;">← Kuroiso, Maebashi</div><div style="float:right;">Zushi, Itō, Numazu →</div>
|-style="line-height: 3.3px; background-color: #F68B1E;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 6.7px; background-color: #22AA33;"
|colspan="11" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 10 !! 9 !! 8 !! 7 !! 6 !! style="background: #E6FFE6"| 5 !! style="background: #E6FFE6"| 4 !! 3 !! 2 !! 1
|-
! Designation
| Tc || T || M || M' || T || style="background: #F5FFF5"| Tsd || style="background: #F5FFF5"| Tsd' || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231-6000 || SaHa E231-1000 || MoHa E231-1000 || MoHa E230-1000 || SaHa E231-6000 || style="background: #F5FFF5"| SaRo E231-1000 || style="background: #F5FFF5"| SaRo E230-1000 || MoHa E231-1500 || MoHa E230-3500 || KuHa E230-8000
|}
* Cars 3 and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1, 5, and 6<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tx-style.net/jr/4108.php|title=E231系小山車両センター編成表（最新版）|access-date=17 November 2018|language=ja|trans-title=E231 series Oyama Depot EMU formations (latest)}}</ref> each have a toilet ([[universal design]] in car 1, [[Toilets in Japan#Squat toilet|Japanese-style]] in car 6).<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 8 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 4 and 5 are bilevel Green Cars.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

====5-car sets====
{{As of|2018|10|01}}, 34 five-car sets (S-01–S-34) are based at Kōzu depot in Kanagawa Prefecture and 35 five-car sets (U2–U118) are based at Oyama depot in Tochigi Prefecture. They are formed as shown below with two motored ("M") cars and three non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="5"|<div style="float:left;">← Kuroiso, Kagohara</div><div style="float:right;">Zushi, Numazu →</div>
|-style="line-height: 3.3px; background-color: #F68B1E;"
|colspan="6" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 6.7px; background-color: #22AA33;"
|colspan="6" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 15 !! 14 !! 13 !! 12 !! 11
|-
! Designation
| Tc || T || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231-8000 || SaHa E231-3000 || MoHa E231-1000 || MoHa E230-1000 || KuHa E230-6000
|}
* Car 13 has one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 11 and 15 have a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Car 11 has a [[universal design]] toilet.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

===Interior===
<gallery class=center>
File:E231-8000 inside-long.jpg|Interior of car with longitudinal seating
File:E231-8000 inside-semicross.jpg|Interior of car with transverse seating bays
File:JR East E231 series EMU 1002.JPG|Toilet
File:JR East E231 series EMU 1001.JPG|Driver's cab end
File:E231kei green syanai NO3.JPG|Bilevel Green Car lower deck with 2+2 seating
File:E231kei green syanai NO2.JPG|Bilevel Green Car upper deck with 2+2 seating
</gallery>

{{Clear}}

==E231-3000 series==
{{Infobox train
| name = E231-3000 series
| image = JR East E231-3000 series Hachikō Line 20180302.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = A Hachikō/Kawagoe Line four-car set in March 2018
| service =
| manufacturer =
| factory =
| family =
| replaced = [[205 series|205-3000 series]], [[209 series#209-3000 series|209-3000 series]], [[209 series#209-3100 series|209-3100 series]]
| yearconstruction =
| yearservice = 19 February 2018
| refurbishment = 2017–2019 (converted from E231-0 series) 2020–2021 (modified for driver-only operation)
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 24 vehicles
| numberservice = 24 vehicles (6 sets)
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped =
| formation = 4 cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers = 41–46
| capacity =
| operator = [[JR East]]
| depots = Kawagoe
| lines = [[Hachikō Line]], [[Kawagoe Line]]
| carbody = Stainless steel
| carlength =
| width = {{Convert|2,950|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height =
| floorheight =
| doors = 4 pairs per side
| maxspeed =
| weight =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction =
| poweroutput =
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
| collectionmethod = PS33B pantograph
| bogies =
| brakes =
| safety =
| coupling =
| multipleworking =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}

From 2017, former E231-0 series ten-car sets based at Mitaka Depot for use on Chūō–Sōbu Line services were reformed and converted to become four-car E231-3000 series sets based at Kawagoe for use on [[Kawagoe Line]] and [[Hachikō Line]] services.<ref name="railfan20171129">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2017/11/29/110000.html |script-title=ja: E231系3000番台4両が配給輸送される |trans-title= E231-3000 series 4-car set transferred |date= 29 November 2017|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171129051531/http://railf.jp/news/2017/11/29/110000.html |archive-date= 29 November 2017|url-status=live |access-date= 29 November 2017}}</ref> The first set entered revenue service on the line on 19 February 2018.<ref name="railfan20180221">{{cite web |url= https://railf.jp/news/2018/02/21/174000.html |script-title=ja: 八高線用の209系3500番台が試運転 |trans-title= Hachikō Line 209-3500 series undergoes test-running |date= 21 February 2018|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221094812/https://railf.jp/news/2018/02/21/174000.html |archive-date= 21 February 2018|url-status=live |access-date= 21 February 2018}}</ref>

Between June 2020 and September 2021, the trains were modified for [[one-person operation|driver-only operation]] ({{nihongo||ワンマン|wanman|"one man"}}).

=== Lines served ===
* Hachikō Line (Hachiōji - Komagawa)
* Kawagoe Line (Komagawa - Kawagoe)

===Formation===

{{As of|2019|10|08}}, six four-car sets (41-46) are based at Kawagoe depot in Saitama and formed as shown below with two motored ("M") cars and two non-powered trailer ("T") cars.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background-color:#ccc;"| 
|colspan="4"|<div style="float:left;">← Kawagoe</div><div style="float:right;">Hachiōji →</div>
|-style="line-height: 6.7px; background-color: #F15A22;"
|colspan="5" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-style="line-height: 3.3px; background-color: #9ACD32;"
|colspan="5" style="padding:0; border:0;"| 
|-
! Car No. !! 4 !! 3 !! 2 !! 1
|-
! Designation
| Tc || M || M' || Tc'
|-
! Numbering
| KuHa E231-3000 || MoHa E231-3000 || MoHa E230-3000 || KuHa E230-3000
|}
* Car 3 has one PS33B single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>
* Cars 1 and 4 have a wheelchair space.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

===Former set/car identities===
The former identities of the E231-3000 series sets are as follows.<ref name="jrr2019_winter"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Set No. !! colspan=4|Car numbers !! Former set No. !! colspan=4|Former car numbers
|-
! 41
| KuHa E231-3001 || MoHa E231-3001 || MoHa E230-3001 || KuHa E230-3001 || B5 || KuHa E231-5 || MoHa E231-10 || MoHa E230-10 || KuHa E230-5
|-
! 42
| KuHa E231-3002 || MoHa E231-3002 || MoHa E230-3002 || KuHa E230-3002 || B6 || KuHa E231-6 || MoHa E231-12 || MoHa E230-12 || KuHa E230-6
|-
! 43
| KuHa E231-3003 || MoHa E231-3003 || MoHa E230-3003 || KuHa E230-3003 || B7 || KuHa E231-7 || MoHa E231-14 || MoHa E230-14 || KuHa E230-7
|-
! 44
| KuHa E231-3004 || MoHa E231-3004 || MoHa E230-3004 || KuHa E230-3004 || B8 || KuHa E231-8 || MoHa E231-16 || MoHa E230-16 || KuHa E230-8
|-
! 45
| KuHa E231-3005 || MoHa E231-3005 || MoHa E230-3005 || KuHa E230-3005 || B16 || KuHa E231-16 || MoHa E231-32 || MoHa E230-32 || KuHa E230-16
|-
! 46
| KuHa E231-3006 || MoHa E231-3006 || MoHa E230-3006 || KuHa E230-3006 || B17 || KuHa E231-17 || MoHa E231-34 || MoHa E230-34 || KuHa E230-17
|}

{{Clear}}

==See also==
* [[E233 series]], successor
* [[E331 series]], experimental articulated train
* [[E531 series]], dual-voltage derivative
* [[Sotetsu 10000 series]], an E231 series derivative
* [[Toei 10-300 series]], an E231 series derivative
* [[Tokyu 5000 series]], an E231 series derivative
* [[SP1900 EMU]], an MTR (ex-KCR) train type based on E231 series technology
* [[Nankai 8000 series]], partly using same parts as E231

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |script-title=ja: 首都圏新系列車両PROFILE |trans-title= Tokyo Area New-generation Rolling Stock Profile |publisher = Ikaros Publishing |date = 15 April 2011 |location = Japan |isbn = 978-4-86320-436-2|title = 首都圏新系列車両 Profile: 209/E231/E233系グループの全貌}}

==External links==
{{commons category|JR East E231|E231 series}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/local/e231.html JR E231 series] {{in lang|ja}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081208043715/http://www.khi.co.jp/sharyo/pro_final/pro_E231.html Kawasaki Heavy Industries product information] {{in lang|ja}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080619124138/http://www.tokyu-car.co.jp/rw/ejr231.html Tokyu Car product information] {{in lang|ja}}

{{JR East EMU}}

[[Category:Electric multiple units of Japan]]
[[Category:East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 2000]]
[[Category:Kawasaki rolling stock]]
[[Category:Tokyu Car rolling stock]]
[[Category:1500 V DC multiple units]]

Jūjō Station (Tokyo)

2022-01-30T01:29:35Z

202.255.28.252: /* Platforms */

{{short description|Railway station in Tokyo, Japan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox station
| name ={{JRSN|JA|14|size=50}} Jūjō Station
| native_name = 十条駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Jujo Station (Tokyo).JPG
| alt =
| caption = Station entrance, May 2010
| other_name =
| address = 1 Kamijūjō, [[Kita, Tokyo|Kita]], [[Tokyo]] {{Nihongo2|（東京都北区上十条1丁目）}}
| country = Japan
| coordinates =
| operator = [[JR East]]
| line = {{JRLS|JA}} [[Saikyō Line]]
| platforms =
| connections = {{Plainlist|
* Bus stop
}}
| structure =
| code =
| opened = 1910
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 34,044 daily
| pass_year = FY2011
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=JR East
|line=Saikyo|left=Itabashi|note-left={{JRSN|JA|13|size=30}}|note-mid={{Color box|Crimson}} Commuter Rapid {{Color box|DodgerBlue}} Rapid Local|right=Akabane|note-right={{JRSN|JA|15|tlc=ABN|size=25}}}}
}}

{{nihongo|'''Jūjō Station'''|十条駅|Jūjō-eki}} is a railway station on the [[Saikyō Line]] in [[Kita, Tokyo]], Japan, operated by [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East).<ref name="jreast">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=834|script-title=ja:各駅情報（十条駅） |trans-title=Station Information: Jūjō Station|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|format= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 6 November 2012}}</ref>

==Lines==
Jūjō Station is served by the [[Akabane Line]] between Ikebukuro and Akabane stations, which forms part of the [[Saikyō Line]] which runs between {{STN|Ōsaki}} in Tokyo and {{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}} in Saitama Prefecture. Some trains continue northward to {{STN|Kawagoe}} via the [[Kawagoe Line]] and southward to {{STN|Shin-Kiba}} via the TWR [[Rinkai Line]]. The station is located 3.5 km north of Ikebukuro Station.<ref name="kawashima2011_Vol.12"/>

==Station layout==
The station consists of two [[side platform]]s serving two tracks.<ref name="kawashima2011_Vol.12">{{cite book | last = Kawashima| first = Ryozo |title = 日本の鉄道　中部ライン　全線・全駅・全配線　第１２巻　東京都心北部 |trans-title=Railways of Japan - Chubu Line - Lines/Stations/Track plans - Vol 12 Northern Central Tokyo | publisher = Kodansha | date = March 2011 | location = Japan | pages = 18–51| isbn = 978-4-06-270072-6}}</ref>

===Platforms===
[[File:JREast-Jujo-station-platform.jpg|thumb|View of the platforms looking south, February 2008]]
{{jpf|pfn=1|first=2|name=Saikyō Line|symbol={{JRLS|JA}}|dir=for {{STN|Akabane}}, {{STN|Musashi-Urawa}}, {{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}} ■ [[Kawagoe Line]] through service to {{STN|Kawagoe}}}}
{{jpf|pfn=2|first=3|name=Saikyō Line|symbol={{JRLS|JA}}|dir=for {{STN|Ikebukuro}}, {{STN|Shinjuku}}, and {{STN|Ōsaki}} {{RKLS}} [[Rinkai Line]] through service to {{STN|Shin-Kiba}} [[File:Sotetsu line symbol.svg|18px]] [[Sōtetsu Main Line|Sotetsu Line]] through service to {{STN|Hazawa Yokohama-Kokudai}} and {{STN|Ebina}}}}

==History==
Jūjō Station opened on 1 November 1910.<ref name="kawashima2011_Vol.12"/>

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2011, the station was used by an average of 34,044 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="jreast2011stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2011_01.html|script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員 (2011年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2011)|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 6 November 2012}}</ref>

The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Fiscal year !! Daily average
|-
| 2000 || 30,764<ref name="jreast2000stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2000_01.html|script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員 (2000年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2000)|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 6 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || 30,517<ref name="jreast2005stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2005_01.html|script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員 (2005年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2005)|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 6 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || 34,134<ref name="jreast2010stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2010_01.html|script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員 (2010年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2010)|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 6 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || 34,044<ref name="jreast2011stats"/>
|}

==Surrounding area==
[[File:Akabanesen Juujo eki 2.jpg|thumb|South entrance, March 2004]]
* [[Higashi-Jūjō Station]] (on the [[Keihin-Tohoku Line]])<ref name="kawashima2011_Vol.12"/>
* [[Teikyo University]] Itabashi campus
* [[Tokyo Kasei University]]
* [[Tokyo Seitoku University]]
* [[Tokyo Seitoku College]]
* Teikyo University Hospital
* Teikyo Junior & Senior High School
* Tokyo Korean Junior & Senior High School
* Chuo Park
* [[JGSDF]] Camp Jujo

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Jūjō Station (Tokyo)}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=834 Jūjō Station information] (JR East) {{in lang|ja}}
{{Kita, Tokyo}}
{{Saikyo Line}}

{{coord|35.76025|N|139.7222|E|type:railwaystation_region:JP|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jujo Station (Tokyo)}}
[[Category:Railway stations in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1910]]
[[Category:Saikyō Line]]

Saikyō Line

2022-01-24T02:10:09Z

202.255.28.252:

{{short description|Railway line in Japan}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Saikyō Line
| native_name = 埼京線
| native_name_lang = ja
| color = 2e8b57 
| logo = {{JRLS|JA|size=25}}
| logo_width =
| image = Saikyo-Line E233-7000 127F.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = Saikyō Line [[E233 series]] EMU set 127 approaching [[Kita-Yono Station]] in June 2021
| type = [[Commuter rail]]
| system =
| status =
| locale = [[Tokyo]], [[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]] prefectures
| start = {{STN|Ōsaki}}
| end = {{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}}
| stations = 19
| routes =
| daily_ridership = 1,105,557 (daily 2015)<ref name =ridership>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001179760.pdf|title=平成27年大都市交通センサス首都圏報告書 |last=|first=|date=|website=P.92|publisher=国土交通省|access-date=}}</ref>
| open = 1985
| close =
| owner =[[File:JR logo (east).svg|25px]][[JR East]]
| operator =
| character =
| depot = Kawagoe (Minami-Furuya)
| stock = [[E233-7000 series]], [[TWR 70-000 series]] , [[Sotetsu 12000 series]] EMUs
| linelength = {{convert|36.9|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
| electrification = 1,500 V DC [[overhead catenary]]
| speed = {{convert|100|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}}
| elevation =
| map = [[File:JR Saikyo Line linemap.svg|250px]]
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''Saikyō Line''' ({{lang-ja|埼京線}}, {{IPA-ja|Saikyō-sen}}) is a Japanese railway line operated by the [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East). It connects [[Ōsaki Station]] in [[Shinagawa, Tokyo]], and [[Ōmiya Station (Saitama)|Ōmiya Station]] in [[Saitama Prefecture]]. The line's name is an abbreviation of the two areas the line connects: '''Sai'''tama ({{lang-ja|'''埼'''玉|links=no}}) and Tō'''kyō''' ({{lang-ja|東'''京'''|links=no}}).

At the northern end of the line, some trains continue beyond Ōmiya as far as {{STN|Kawagoe}} on the [[Kawagoe Line]]; at the southern end of the line, many Saikyō Line trains continue onward beyond Ōsaki to either {{STN|Shin-Kiba}} on the [[Rinkai Line]] (operated by [[Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit]]) or {{STN|Ebina}} on the [[Sotetsu Main Line]] (via the [[Sōtetsu Shin-Yokohama Line]]). Beside the link that connects the Saikyō and Rinkai lines is the JR East Tokyo General Rolling Stock Centre that stores the rolling stock for the [[Yamanote Line]] and other types of rolling stock; and the Hinkaku Line which links Saikyo Line to the [[Tokaido Freight Line]] and Sotetsu-JR Link Line.

==Basic data==
*Operator: [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) (Services and tracks)
**Ōsaki – Ikebukuro – Akabane – Musashi-Urawa – Ōmiya: {{convert|36.9|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}
***Ōsaki – Ikebukuro: {{convert|13.4|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} ([[Yamanote Line]] freight line)
***Ikebukuro – Akabane: {{convert|5.5|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} ([[Akabane Line]])
***Akabane – Musashi-Urawa – Ōmiya: {{convert|18.0|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} ([[Tōhoku Main Line]] branch)
*Double-tracking: Entire line
*[[Railway signalling]]:
**Ōsaki – Ikebukuro: [[Automatic block signaling|Automatic Block System]], [[Automatic train stop|ATS-P]]
**Ikebukuro – Ōmiya: [[ATACS]], Formerly ATC-6
*Maximum speed:
**Akabane – Ōmiya: {{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
**Itabashi – Akabane: {{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
**All other sections: {{convert|95|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}

[[File:SaikyoLineStations.png|thumb|Saikyo Line stations]]

==Route==
The line runs parallel to the [[Yamanote Line]] between [[Ōsaki Station|Ōsaki]] and [[Ikebukuro Station|Ikebukuro]], where it is formally called the Yamanote Freight Line({{lang-ja|山手貨物線|links=no}}), and as an alternate route to the [[Tōhoku Main Line]] between [[Akabane Station|Akabane]] and [[Ōmiya Station (Saitama)|Ōmiya]], where it is unofficially called the Tohoku Honsen Secondary Line({{lang-ja|東北本線支線|links=no}}). The portion between [[Ikebukuro Station|Ikebukuro]] and [[Akabane Station|Akabane]] is officially known as the Akabane Line({{lang-ja|赤羽線|links=no}}). For most purposes, JR refers to all of these as part of the "Saikyō Line" when being used for Saikyō Line services.<ref name="timetable2008">JR Timetable, December 2008 issue</ref>

==Service==
There are three types of trains on the Saikyō Line: "Local"({{lang-ja|各駅停車|links=no}}, {{IPA-ja|Kakueki-Teisha}}), "Rapid"({{lang-ja|快速|links=no}}, {{IPA-ja|kaisoku}}), and "Commuter Rapid"({{lang-ja|通勤快速|links=no}}, {{IPA-ja|tsūkin kaisoku}}). Between Akabane and Musashi-Urawa, Rapid trains stop only at Toda-Kōen, while Commuter Rapid trains, which run during rush hours, stop only at Musashi-Urawa between Akabane and Ōmiya. Between Akabane and Ikebukuro, as well as on the Kawagoe and Rinkai lines, all trains stop at all stations. Between Ikebukuro and Osaki on the Yamanote Freight Line, all trains run limited-stop in both directions, with the Yamanote Line providing all-stations service.<ref name="JRfutabasha2013">{{cite book |title = 首都圏鉄道完全ガイド主要JR路線編 |trans-title= Tokyo Area Complete Railway Guide - Major JR Lines |publisher = Futabasha |date = 6 December 2013 |location = Japan |pages = 75–86|isbn = 978-4-575-45414-7}}</ref>

==Station list==
* Local trains stop at all stations.
* Rapid and commuter rapid trains stop at stations marked "●" and pass those marked "｜".

{| class="wikitable" rules="all"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Line name
!rowspan="2"|No.
!rowspan="2"|Station
!rowspan="2"|Japanese
!colspan="3"|Distance (km)
!style="background:#9cf;" rowspan="2"|Rapid
!style="background:#fcc;" rowspan="2"|Comm. Rapid
!rowspan="2"|Transfers
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Location
|-
!Between stations
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
| 
!colspan="12"|Through service to {{STN|Shin-Kiba}} via the [[Rinkai Line]]
Through service to {{STN|Ebina}} via the [[Sōtetsu Shin-Yokohama Line]] and [[Shōnan-Shinjuku Line]]
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; width:1em;"|[[Yamanote Line]]
|{{JRSN|JA|08|tlc=OSK|size=40}}{{RKSN|08|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ōsaki}}
|大崎
|style="text-align:center;"| -
|style="text-align:right; width:2.5em;"|'''from {{STN|Shinagawa}}''' 2.0
|style="text-align:right; width:2.5em;"|'''from Ōsaki''' 0.0
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]] (through service)
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{RKLS}} [[Rinkai Line]] (through service)
}}
|[[Shinagawa, Tokyo|Shinagawa]]
|rowspan="13" |[[Tokyo]]
|-
|{{JRSN|JA|09|tlc=EBS|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ebisu|Tokyo}}
|恵比寿
|style="text-align:right;"|3.6
|style="text-align:right;"|5.6
|style="text-align:right;"|3.6
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{TSLS|H}} [[Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line]] (H-02)
}}
|rowspan="3"|[[Shibuya, Tokyo|Shibuya]]
|-
|{{JRSN|JA|10|tlc=SBY|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shibuya}}
|渋谷{{efn|The platform of the Saikyo Line and [[Shonan Shinjuku Line]] was quite far from the [[Yamanote Line]] platform and was ridiculed as {{Nihongo|"Minami Shibuya Station"|南渋谷駅|Minami-Shibuya-eki|lead=yes|extra=means South Shibuya Station}}.<ref name="ekimeihyo">{{Cite web|url=https://ekimeihyo.net/e/jre/saikyo.php|title = 埼京線の駅名標 - 駅名標あつめ。}}</ref>}}
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|7.2
|style="text-align:right;"|5.2
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{Colorbull|Blue}}[[Keio Inokashira Line]]
* {{TQLS|DT}} [[Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line]]
* {{TQLS|TY}} [[Tokyu Toyoko Line]]
* {{TSLS|G}} [[Tokyo Metro Ginza Line]] (G-01)
* {{TSLS|Z}} [[Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line]] (Z-01)
* {{TSLS|F}} [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] (F-16)
}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|{{JRSN|JA|11|tlc=SJK|size=40}}
|rowspan="2"|{{STN|Shinjuku}}
|rowspan="2"|新宿
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|3.4
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|10.6
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|8.6
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|rowspan="2"|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JC}} [[Chuo Line (Rapid)]]
* {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chuo-Sobu Line]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{Colorbull|HotPink}}[[Keio Line]]
* {{Colorbull|HotPink}}[[Keio New Line]]
* {{Colorbull|DeepSkyBlue}}[[Odakyu Odawara Line]]
* {{Colorbull|DarkTurquoise}}[[Seibu Shinjuku Line]] ({{STN|Seibu-Shinjuku}})
* {{TSLS|M}} [[Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line]] (M-08)
* {{TSLS|S}} [[Toei Shinjuku Line]] (S-01)
* {{TSLS|E}} [[Toei Ōedo Line]] (E-27, {{STN|Shinjuku-Nishiguchi}}: E-01)
}}
|-
|[[Shinjuku, Tokyo|Shinjuku]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|{{JRSN|JA|12|tlc=IKB|size=40}}
|rowspan="2"|{{STN|Ikebukuro}}
|rowspan="2"|池袋
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|4.8
|style="text-align:right;"|15.4
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|13.4
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|rowspan="2"|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{Colorbull|DarkOrange}}[[Seibu Ikebukuro Line]]
* {{TBLS|TJ}} [[Tobu Tojo Line]]
* {{TSLS|M}} [[Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line]] (M-25)
* {{TSLS|Y}} [[Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line]] (Y-09)
* {{TSLS|F}} [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] (F-09)
}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Toshima, Tokyo|Toshima]]
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; width:1em;"|Akabane Line
|style="text-align:right;"|'''from Ikebukuro''' 0.0
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|13|size=40}}
|{{STN|Itabashi}}
|板橋
|style="text-align:right;"|1.8
|style="text-align:right;"|1.8
|style="text-align:right;"|15.2
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{TSLS|I}} [[Toei Mita Line]] ({{STN|Shin-Itabashi}}: I-17) {{TBLS|TJ}} [[Tobu Tojo Line]] ({{STN|Shimo-Itabashi}})
|[[Itabashi, Tokyo|Itabashi]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|14|size=40}}
|{{STN|Jūjō|Tokyo}}
|十条
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|3.5
|style="text-align:right;"|16.9
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
| 
|rowspan="5"|[[Kita, Tokyo|Kita]]
|-
|rowspan="2" align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|15|tlc=ABN|size=40}}
|rowspan="2"|{{STN|Akabane}}
|rowspan="2"|赤羽
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|2.0
|style="text-align:right;"|5.5
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|18.9
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|rowspan="2"|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JK}} [[Keihin-Tohoku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JU}} [[Tohoku Main Line]] ([[Utsunomiya Line]])
* {{JRLS|JU}} [[Takasaki Line]]
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
}}
|-
|rowspan="12" style="text-align:center; width:1em;"|[[Tohoku Main Line]] (branch)
|style="text-align:right;"|'''from Akabane''' 0.0
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|16|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kita-Akabane}}
|北赤羽
|style="text-align:right;"|1.5
|style="text-align:right;"|1.5
|style="text-align:right;"|20.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|'''｜'''
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|17|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ukima-Funado}}
|浮間舟渡
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|3.1
|style="text-align:right;"|22.0
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|'''｜'''
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|18|size=40}}
|{{STN|Toda-Kōen}}
|戸田公園
|style="text-align:right;"|2.4
|style="text-align:right;"|5.5
|style="text-align:right;"|24.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
| 
|rowspan="3"|[[Toda, Saitama|Toda]]
|rowspan="9" |[[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|19|size=40}}
|{{STN|Toda|Saitama}}
|戸田
|style="text-align:right;"|1.3
|style="text-align:right;"|6.8
|style="text-align:right;"|25.7
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|'''｜'''
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|20|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kita-Toda}}
|北戸田
|style="text-align:right;"|1.4
|style="text-align:right;"|8.2
|style="text-align:right;"|27.1
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|'''｜'''
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
| 
|-
| align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|21|size=40}}
|{{STN|Musashi-Urawa}}
|武蔵浦和
|style="text-align:right;"|2.4
|style="text-align:right;"|10.6
|style="text-align:right;"|29.5
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{JRLS|JM}} [[Musashino Line]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Minami-ku, Saitama]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|22|size=40}}
|{{STN|Naka-Urawa}}
|中浦和
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|11.8
|style="text-align:right;"|30.7
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|23|size=40}}
|{{STN|Minami-Yono}}
|南与野
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|13.5
|style="text-align:right;"|32.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
| 
|rowspan="3"|[[Chūō-ku, Saitama]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|24|size=40}}
|{{STN|Yonohommachi}}
|与野本町
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|15.1
|style="text-align:right;"|34.0
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|25|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kita-Yono}}
|北与野
|style="text-align:right;"|1.1
|style="text-align:right;"|16.2
|style="text-align:right;"|35.1
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|26|tlc=OMY|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}}
|大宮{{efn|There are many trains that run directly from here to {{STN|Kawagoe}} on the [[Kawagoe Line]].<ref name="ekimeihyo" />}}
|style="text-align:right;"|1.8
|style="text-align:right;"|18.0
|style="text-align:right;"|36.9
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|Grey}}[[Kawagoe Line]] (some through services)
* {{Colorbull|Green}}[[Tohoku Shinkansen]]
* {{Colorbull|Green}}[[Yamagata Shinkansen]]
* {{Colorbull|Green}}[[Akita Shinkansen]]
* {{Colorbull|Green}}[[Joetsu Shinkansen]]
* {{Colorbull|Green}}[[Hokuriku Shinkansen]]
* {{JRLS|JK}} [[Keihin-Tohoku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JU}} [[Tohoku Main Line]] (Utsunomiya Line)
* {{JRLS|JU}} [[Takasaki Line]]
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{TBLS|TD}} [[Tobu Urban Park Line]]
* [[New Shuttle]]
}}
|[[Ōmiya-ku, Saitama]]
|-
| 
!colspan="12"|Through service to {{STN|Kawagoe}} on the [[Kawagoe Line]]
|}

==Rolling stock==
* JR East [[205 series]] (x1) 10-car EMU (July 1989-October 2016)
* JR East [[E233-7000 series]] 10-car EMUs (since June 2013)
* [[TWR 70-000 series]] 10-car EMUs (since 1996)
* [[Sotetsu 12000 series]] 10-car EMUs (since 11 November 2019)

<gallery class=center>
File:Saikyo-Line-Series205-28.jpg|A 205 Series series EMU
File:E233 kei 7000bandai 101F saikyo line.JPG|An E233-7000 series EMU
File:TWR_70-000_series_2015-06-26.jpg|A TWR 70-000 series EMU
File:Sagami_Railway_12000_series_Izumino_Line_Ryokuentoshi_Station_20190420.jpg|A Sotetsu 12000 series EMU
</gallery>

Per 1 December 2019 schedule change, services on the Saikyo Line, [[Kawagoe Line]], [[Rinkai Line]], and [[Sōtetsu Main Line]] are operated by a fleet of 38 10-car [[E233-7000 series]] [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) trains owned by JR East and based at Kawagoe Depot, 10-car [[TWR 70-000 series]] EMU trains owned by [[Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit]] and based at Yashio Depot; and 5 sets of [[Sotetsu 12000 series]] owned by [[Sagami Railway]] and based at Kashiwadai Vehicle Center.<ref name="dj378">{{cite magazine|last = Saka|first = Masahiro |script-title=ja: 埼京線・川越線・八高線・相模線車両の変遷|trans-title= Rolling stock transitions on the Saikyo/Kawagoe/Hachiko/Sagami Lines|magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine |volume = 44|issue = 378 |pages =18–27 |publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun |location = Japan |language= Japanese |date = October 2015}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=January 2020}} The first E233-7000 series trains were delivered in March 2013, entering revenue service from 1 June 2013, gradually displacing the [[205 series]] sets used since 1 July 1989.<ref name="dj378" /> {{As of|2016|10}}, all Saikyo Line 205 series sets have been removed from service.<ref name="railfan663">{{cite magazine|script-title=ja: JR車両ファイル2016|trans-title= JR Rolling Stock File 2016|magazine = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |volume = 56|issue = 663|page = 34 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = Japanese |date = July 2016}}</ref> With the opening of the Sotetsu-JR Link Line, Sotetsu 12000 series trains begin traveling through to Saikyo Line (via Shonan-Shinjuku Line).

Before the establishment of the Saikyo Line, rolling stock used on the [[Akabane Line]] included:
* [[72 series]] 8-car EMUs (1953–1967)
* [[101 series]] 8-car EMUs (1967–1978)
* [[103 series]] 8/10-car EMUs (1978–1985)

<gallery class=center>
File:L25 akabane Tc103-273 750.jpg|An Akabane Line [[103 series]] train in 1979
</gallery>

==History==
The Akabane Line opened on 1 March 1885 as a segment of the Nippon Railway Shinagawa Line. The company was [[Railway Nationalization Act|nationalized]] in 1906. Electric services on the line began in 1909. From 1972 to 1985, the line was the known as the Akabane Line after being a branch of [[Yamanote Line]].

Before the Saikyo Line, there were several attempts to improve commuter rail service between Saitama and Tokyo. One of the earliest, the Tokyo-Ōmiya Electric Railway({{lang-ja|東京大宮電気鉄道|links=no}}, {{IPA-ja|Tōkyō-Ōmiya Denki Tetsudō}}), was founded in 1928 but went bankrupt shortly thereafter due to rising land values in the area. Later, in 1968, the Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Transportation proposed to run the new [[Toei Mita Line]] to central [[Ōmiya-ku, Saitama|Ōmiya]].

Development of the Saikyo Line began as a [[Japanese National Railways]] effort to quell unrest in Saitama regarding the expansion of the [[Tōhoku Shinkansen|Tohoku]] and [[Joetsu Shinkansen]]. During the mid-1970s, local protesters staged sit-ins, demonstrations, and administrative actions to impede the building of the new high-speed lines north of Tokyo. JNR reached a settlement with the activists under which it would build a commuter line to serve these local communities, while being allowed to continue extending the Shinkansen.

The new line, tentatively called the "New Commuter Line"({{lang-ja|通勤新線|links=no}}, {{IPA-ja|Tsūkin Shinsen}}), was built between Ōmiya and Akabane. Through service to Ikebukuro via the existing [[Akabane Line]] began on 30 September 1985. The Akabane Line name disappeared from daily use from this time. The Saikyo Line was initially troubled by inadequate train control systems which could not keep pace with its frequency of service; however, these issues were worked out during the first month of service.

When the Tōhoku Main Line portion of the Saikyō Line was being built, the stations from Kita-Akabane to Kita-Yono were designated with numbers from 1 to 10; Kita-Akabane Station was known as "New Commuter Line Station No. 1". However, even after names were assigned, passengers complained that each station looked just like the next due to their identical construction. As a result, JNR, in an unusual move, assigned colors to those stations so that they could be told apart from one another.

[[File:Saikyo Line and Tohoku Shinkansen.jpg|thumb|Saikyo Line and Tohoku Shinkansen]]
On 3 March 1986, the Saikyo Line began through service to Shinjuku via the Yamanote Freight Line, which had seen less use by freight services since the opening of the [[Musashino Line]] in 1973.<ref name="JRfutabasha2013"/> Freight services on the former Akabane Line ended in 1999. Services southward to Shibuya and Ebisu did not begin until 16 March 1996, when new platforms were completed to accommodate passenger service.<ref name="JRfutabasha2013"/> Through services to Ōsaki and the Rinkai Line began on 1 December 2002.<ref name="JRfutabasha2013"/>

The Saikyo Line has had a particularly severe problem of overcrowding during peak periods, especially during weekday mornings. The opening of the [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]] in 2004 and the [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] in 2008, both of which parallel the Saikyō Line for part of its route, alleviated some of the worst crowding. Problems resulting from overcrowding have included a higher incidence of groping, as well as delays in train schedule caused by longer time taken at each station to pick up and drop off passengers. The Saikyō Line was notorious for having the highest reported number of groping-related incidents (known as ''[[chikan (body contact)|chikan]]'' incidents) in the Greater Tokyo area.<ref>[http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/komachi/news/20050208sw31.htm "Worst for Chikan in Tokyo is Saikyo Line"] ''Yomiuri Shimbun'', 2005-02-08, retrieved 2006-06-19</ref> This problem was directly addressed by introducing [[women-only passenger car]]s during rush hours, and indirectly addressed by reducing overcrowding problems as a whole.

Beginning 30 November 2019, some Saikyo Line trains travel through to {{STN|Ebina}} via the Shonan-Shinjuku Line and the Sotetsu JR-Link Line. In the westbound direction (Omiya to Shinjuku, Osaki, and Ebina), Saikyo Line trains enter the Hinkaku Line after Osaki, stopping at Nishi-Oi and Musashi-Kosugi. After Musashi-Kosugi, trains enter the Tokaido Freight Line track. Near {{STN|Hazawa Yokohama-Kokudai}}, the train enters the Sotetsu-JR Link Line.

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite magazine|last = Osano|first = Kagetoshi|script-title=ja: 埼京線その歴史とあらまし|trans-title= History and overview of the Saikyo Line|magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine |volume = 44|issue = 378 |pages =10–17 |publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun |location = Japan |language= Japanese |date = October 2015}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/result.aspx?mode=2&rosen=29=1=%E5%9F%BC%E4%BA%AC%E7%B7%9A Stations of the Saikyō Line] (JR East) {{in lang|ja}}

{{Tokyo transit}}
{{East Japan Railway Company Lines}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saikyo Line}}
[[Category:Saikyō Line| ]]
[[Category:Lines of East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Saitama Prefecture]]
[[Category:1067 mm gauge railways in Japan]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1985]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Japan]]

Public transport in Auckland

2022-01-08T09:54:17Z

202.255.28.252: /* Services */

{{Short description|Information about public transit in Auckland}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=November 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox Bus transit
| name = AT Metro
| logo = [[File:AT Metro logo.png|150px]]
| logo_size =
| image = AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = An Auckland Transport electric train ([[New Zealand AM class electric multiple unit|AM class]]) at Puhinui.
| company_slogan =
| parent = [[Auckland Transport]] (AT)
| founded = {{Start date and age|2010|11|01|df=y}}
| headquarters =
| locale = New Zealand
| service_area = [[Auckland Region]]
| service_type = [[Bus service|Bus]], [[Commuter rail|rail]], [[ferry]]
| alliance =
| routes =
| destinations =
| stops =
| hubs = [[Britomart Transport Centre]]
| stations =
| fleet =
| ridership =
| fuel_type =
| operator =
| ceo =Shane Ellison
| website = [http://at.govt.nz/ at.govt.nz]
}}

[[File:Auckland public transport animated map.ogv|thumb|A two-minute animation of a day's activity on Auckland's public transport network.]]

[[Public transport]] in [[Auckland]], the largest [[Ranked list of New Zealand urban areas|metropolitan area]] of New Zealand, consists of three [[transport mode|modes]]: [[bus]], [[heavy rail|train]] and [[ferry]]. Services are coordinated by [[Auckland Transport]] under the [[AT Metro]] brand. [[Britomart Transport Centre]] is the main [[transport hub]].

Until the 1950s Auckland was well served by public transport and had high levels of ridership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/articles/news/2017/10/public-transport-numbers-the-best-in-more-than-60-years/|title=Public transport patronage the highest in more than 60 years|website=OurAuckland|language=en|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> However, the dismantling of [[Trams in New Zealand|an extensive tram system]] in the 1950s, the decision by [[Stan Goosman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transportblog.co.nz/2016/05/18/sir-dove-myer-robinson-on-his-rapid-transit-scheme-part-4/|title=Sir Dove-Myer Robinson on his Rapid Transit Scheme – Part 4|date=2016-05-18|website=transportblog.co.nz|access-date=2016-05-19}}</ref> to not electrify Auckland's rail network, and a focus of transport investment into a [[Auckland Southern Motorway|motorway system]] led to the collapse in both [[Modal share|mode share]] and total trips.<ref name="SINS"/> By the 1990s Auckland had experienced one of the sharpest declines in public transport ridership in the world, with only 33 trips per capita per year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~cthombor/Pubs/AKtransportMees.rtf|title=The American Heresy: Half a century of transport planning in Auckland|last=Mees|first=Paul|date=February 2001}}</ref>

Since 2000, a greater focus has been placed on improving Auckland's public transport system through a series of projects and service improvements. Major improvements include the [[Britomart Transport Centre]], the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]], the upgrade and [[Auckland railway electrification|electrification]] of the rail network<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kiwirail.co.nz/projects/major-projects/dart.html |title=Developing Auckland's Rail Transport – DART |publisher=KiwiRail |access-date=29 April 2018}}</ref> and the introduction of integrated ticketing through the [[AT HOP card|AT HOP Card]]. These efforts have led to sustained growth in ridership, particularly on the rail network. Between June 2005 and November 2017 total ridership increased from 51.3 million boardings per annum to 90.9 million.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/reports-publications/at-metro-patronage-report/|title=Auckland Transport Patronage Report}}</ref>

Despite those strong gains, the overall share of travel in Auckland by public transport is still quite low. At the 2013 census around 8% of journeys to work were by public transport<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transport.govt.nz/news/multi/journey-to-work-patterns-in-the-auckland-region/|title=Journey to Work Patterns in the Auckland Region {{!}} Ministry of Transport|website=transport.govt.nz|language=en-NZ|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> and per capita ridership in 2017 of around 55 boardings is still well below that of Wellington, Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and most large Canadian cities.<ref name="CHALLENGES">[http://www.arta.co.nz/assets/arta%20publications/2009/8-0%20134040%20ART%20RTLP%20Draft%202009_hires.pdf Auckland's Transport Challenges] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525122705/http://www.arta.co.nz/assets/arta%20publications/2009/8-0%20134040%20ART%20RTLP%20Draft%202009_hires.pdf |date=25 May 2010 }} (from the Draft 2009/10-2011/12 Auckland Regional Land Transport Programme, Page 8), [[Auckland Regional Transport Authority|ARTA]], March 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009.</ref>

Auckland's rapid population growth means that improving the city's public transport system is a priority for Auckland Council<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/mayor-of-auckland/Pages/mayors-vision-for-auckland.aspx|title=Mayor Phil Goff's vision for Auckland|last=Council|first=Auckland|website=Auckland Council|language=en|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> and the New Zealand Government.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11899395|title=Jacinda Ardern outlines Labour's light rail plan for Auckland|last=@BernardOrsman|first=Bernard Orsman Super City reporter, NZ Herald bernard orsman@nzherald co nz|date=2017-08-06|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=2017-12-26|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref> Major improvements planned or underway include the [[City Rail Link]],<ref name=ARRIVESATBRITOMART>{{cite news|title=Nine millionth rail passenger arrives at Britomart|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10691825|access-date=7 February 2011|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=3 December 2010}}</ref> extending the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] to Albany,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nzta.govt.nz/projects/the-western-ring-route/auckland-northern-corridor/|title=Auckland Northern Corridor {{!}} NZ Transport Agency|last=Agency|first=NZ Transport|website=nzta.govt.nz|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> construction of the [[Eastern Busway, Auckland|Eastern Busway]] between [[Panmure, New Zealand|Panmure]] and [[Botany (New Zealand electorate)|Botany]], and the proposed [[Auckland Airport Line]], a light rail line between the city centre and [[Auckland Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/projects-roadworks/airport-and-mangere-rail/|title=Airport and Mangere Rail|last=Auckland Transport|date=24 March 2017}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Pre World War II growth ===
Horse-drawn trams operated in Auckland from 1884. The Auckland Electric Tram Company's system was officially opened on 17 November 1902.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motat.org.nz/collections/collection-themes/tramways/tramway/|title=Tramway |website=Motat Museum of Transport and Technology |access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> The Electric Tram Company started as a private company before being acquired by Auckland City Council.

The [https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2015/06/01/aucklands-old-tram-maps-modernised/ tram network] enabled and shaped much of Auckland's growth throughout the early 20th century. Auckland's public transport system was very well utilised, with usage peaking at over 120 million boardings during the Second World War, when Auckland's population was less than 500,000.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2017/10/19/pt-ridership-milestones/|title=More PT ridership milestones – Greater Auckland|date=2017-10-19|work=Greater Auckland|access-date=2017-12-26|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Early Public Transport Bus Auckland.jpg|thumb|right|An Auckland bus in the 1920s]]

=== Post World War II decline ===
Auckland's extensive tram network was removed in the 1950s, with the last line closing in late 1956.<ref>[http://www.motat.org.nz/artefacts/December06.htm Auckland Tram – Number 11] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817144503/http://www.motat.org.nz/artefacts/December06.htm |date=17 August 2007 }} (from the [[Museum of Transport and Technology|MOTAT]] website)</ref><ref name="IPENZTG">''A Wheel on Each Corner'', The History of the IPENZ Transportation Group 1956–2006 – Douglass, Malcolm; [[IPENZ]] Transportation Group, 2006, Page 12</ref> Although a series of ambitious rail schemes were proposed between the 1940s and 1970s,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11648325|title=Rail Link 100 years in the making|last=@AmeliaJWade|first=Amelia Wade Reporter, NZ Herald amelia wade@nzherald co nz|date=2016-05-31|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=2017-12-26|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref> the focus of transport improvements in Auckland shifted to developing an extensive motorway system. Passionate advocacy from long-time Mayor of [[Auckland City Council]] [[Dove-Myer Robinson]] for a "rapid rail" scheme was ultimately unsuccessful.<ref name="CHAP4">[http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/Introduction/bush/chap4.asp History of Auckland City – Chapter 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513080938/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/introduction/bush/chap4.asp |date=13 May 2008 }} (from the [[Auckland City Council]] website. Retrieved 7 June 2008.)</ref>

Removal of the tram system, little investment in Auckland's rail network and growing car ownership in the second half of the 20th century led to a collapse in ridership across all modes of public transport.<ref name="SINS" /> From a 1954 average level of 290 public transport trips per person per year (a share of 58% of all motorised trips), patronage decreased rapidly.<ref name="CHALLENGES" /><ref name="MEES2009">{{cite book|last=Mees|first=Paul|title=Transport for Suburbia: Beyond the Automobile Age|publisher=Earthscan Ltd.|date=December 2009|isbn=978-1-84407-740-3}}</ref> 1950s ridership levels were only reached again in the 2010s, despite Auckland's population growing four-fold over the same time period.<ref name="SINS">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/transport/news/article.cfm?c_id=97&objectid=10575671 |title=Michael Lee: Sins of the fathers – legacy of harbour bridge |date=1 June 2009 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref>

These decisions also shaped Auckland's growth patterns in the late 20th century, with the city becoming a relatively low-density dispersed urban area with a population highly dependent on private vehicles for their travel needs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.transport.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Land/Documents/Auckland-Transport-Alignment-Project-Foundation-Report.pdf|title=Auckland Transport Alignment Project – Foundation Report|last=Ministry of Transport}}</ref> By the late 1990s ongoing population growth and high levels of car use were leading to the recognition that traffic congestion was one of Auckland's biggest problems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/transport/ctc/theproject.asp|title=Central Transit Corridor Project|author=Auckland City Council|author-link=Auckland City Council|access-date=28 June 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070522061224/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/transport/ctc/theproject.asp  |archive-date = 22 May 2007}}</ref>

==== Privatisation ====
It has been claimed that the city's public transport decline resulted from, "privatisation, a poor regulatory environment and a funding system that favours roads".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0407/S00102/why-is-aucklands-public-transport-system-so-poor.htm|title=Why Is Auckland's Public Transport System So Poor? {{!}} Scoop News|website=scoop.co.nz|access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref> On the other hand, NZ Bus claim that increasing passengers and cost control began with privatisation in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://infratil.com/assets/Uploads/PDF/nzbus_overview_feb2008.pdf|title=NZ Bus|date=2008}}</ref>

=== 21st century revival ===
As concerns over [[urban sprawl]] and [[traffic congestion]] grew in the 1990s and early 2000s, public transport returned to the spotlight, with growing agreement of the "need for a substantial shift to public transport".<ref name="HERALDPT">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/public-transport/news/article.cfm?c_id=536&objectid=10435641|title=Force people out of cars, says Treasury|author=Dearnaley, Mathew|date=23 April 2007|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> Growing recognition that Auckland could no longer "build its way out of congestion" through more roads alone led to the first major improvements to Auckland's public transport system in half a century:
* The [[Britomart Transport Centre]] was opened in 2003, the first major upgrade of Auckland's rail network since World War II. This project allowed trains to reach into the heart of Auckland's city centre and acted as a catalyst for the regeneration of this part of downtown Auckland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/towns-and-cities/urban-design-case-studies/britomart-auckland|title=Britomart – Auckland {{!}} Ministry for the Environment|website=mfe.govt.nz|language=en|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref>
* The [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] was opened in 2008, providing Auckland's [[North Shore, New Zealand|North Shore]] with [[rapid transit]] that enabled bus riders to avoid congestion on the [[Auckland Northern Motorway|Northern Motorway]] and [[Auckland Harbour Bridge]].<ref name="NSCC">[http://www.nscc.govt.nz/transport_and_roads/Public-transport/NB-faq.html Busway FAQ] on [[North Shore City Council]] website. Retrieved 11 January 2008</ref>
* A core upgrade of Auckland's rail network between 2006 and 2011, known as [http://www.kiwirail.co.nz/projects/major-projects/dart.html Project DART], which included double-tracking of the [[Western Line, Auckland|Western Line]], the reopening of the [[Onehunga Branch]] line to Onehunga, a [[Manukau Branch|rail spur to Manukau City]] and a series of station upgrades.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kiwirail.co.nz/projects/major-projects/dart.html|title=DART – KiwiRail|last=KiwiRail|website=kiwirail.co.nz |language=en|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref>
* [[Auckland railway electrification|Electrification of the Auckland rail network]] (except for the section of track between [[Papakura]] and [[Pukekohe]]) and the purchase of new electric trains from Spanish manufacturer [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]]. Electric train services commenced in 2014.
* Implementation of an integrated ticketing and fares system, through the [[AT HOP card]], enabling consistent fares and easy transfers between different bus, train and ferry operators.

Despite these improvements, the lack of investment in Auckland's public transport system throughout the latter part of the 20th century means the city still has much lower levels of ridership than other major cities in Canada and Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/media/imported/3890/AT-Agenda-Item-10ii-Passenger-Transport-Benchmark-Study-attachment-1-26-october-2011.pdf |title=Auckland Passenger Transport Performance Benchmark Study|last=Wallis|first=Ian|date=15 August 2011}}</ref> Auckland's ongoing strong population growth and constrained geography means that Auckland's transport plans now have a strong focus on further improving the quality and attractiveness of public transport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transport.govt.nz/land/auckland/atap/|title=Auckland Transport Alignment Project {{!}} Ministry of Transport|website=transport.govt.nz|language=en-NZ|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> Further improvements are to be realised in the years to 2028 under the Auckland Transport Alignment Project (ATAP), valued at NZ$28 billion<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/103402210/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-28b-auckland-transport-alignment-project|title=What you need to know about the $28b Auckland Transport Alignment Project |work=Stuff.co.nz |date=26 April 2018|access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref> ($4.6 billion more than previously planned), of which $9.1 billion is for additional public transport projects, including: the completion of the [[City Rail Link]]; the construction of the [[Eastern Busway, Auckland|Eastern Busway]], which will run from [[Panmure railway station, Auckland|Panmure]] to [[Botany Downs|Botany]]; Northern Busway extension to [[Albany, New Zealand|Albany]]; the extension of the railway electrification to Pukekohe; a [[Southern Line, Auckland#Third Main Line|third line to Auckland]] between [[Westfield railway station|Westfield]] and [[Wiri railway station|Wiri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kiwirail.co.nz/uploads/Publications/ThirdMainBusinessCase.pdf|access-date=28 December 2018|title=Wiri to Westfield – The Case for Investment|date=December 2016|publisher=KiwiRail}}</ref> or Wiri and Papakura, to allow freight trains to bypass stationary passenger trains;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11899395|access-date=28 December 2018|title=Jacinda Ardern outlines Labour's light rail plan for Auckland|date=6 August 2017|publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]}}</ref> further new electric trains and the construction of a light rail network to the northwest (to be designed) and [[Auckland Airport Line|to the airport]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/media/18658/atap-20-final-24042018-1500.pdf|title=Auckland Transport Alignment Project|date=April 2018|website=Auckland Council}}</ref>

== Buses ==
=== Urban services ===
[[File:Auckland bus (48780611041).jpg|thumb|An [[Alexander Dennis Enviro500]] [[double-decker bus]] in the Auckland CBD]]
Buses provide for around 70% of public transport trips in Auckland.<ref name=":1" /> Bus services generally run from around 6am to midnight, with a limited number of buses linking Auckland's suburbs and city centre after midnight on Friday and Saturday nights only, with Northern Express services on the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] on the [[North Shore, Auckland|North Shore]] running half-hourly until 3:00 a.m.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1973898/n08_nex_june-2016-web-v3.pdf|access-date=29 July 2017|title=Northern Express|work=Auckland Transport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730142233/https://at.govt.nz/media/1973898/n08_nex_june-2016-web-v3.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Apologetic Bus.jpg|thumb|Single decker bus]]
Services are contracted by [[Auckland Transport]] and operated by a number of private companies, including:
*Bayes Coachlines
*[[Birkenhead Transport, New Zealand|Birkenhead Transport]]
*[[Go Bus Transport|Go Bus]]
*[[Transdev Australasia#Howick & Eastern Buses|Howick and Eastern Buses]]
*[[NZ Bus]]
*Pavlovich Coachlines
*[[Ritchies Transport]]
* Tranzurban Auckland ([[Tranzit Group]]) – contracted operator of NX2 services on the Northern Busway<ref>{{cite web|url= http://auckland.tranzurban.co.nz/about-us|title=About Us {{!}} Tranzurban|year=2018|publisher=Tranzurban|access-date=2 October 2018 |quote=Tranzurban is the newest addition to Tranzit Group and will operate a part of the new North Shore bus network from September 2018 in collaboration with Auckland Transport.}}</ref>
*Waiheke bus company (by [[Fullers Group|Fullers]], 5 routes)
[[File:Auckland bus (48780607881).jpg|thumb|The Auckland Transport livery]]
Auckland Transport began rebranding bus services to [[AT Metro]] in 2014–2015 to create a single identity for all bus services, with some exceptions like the Link buses which retained their red, green and orange colours.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/at-metro-brand-makes-its-debut|title=AT Metro brand makes its debut|date=16 December 2014|work=Auckland Transport|access-date=11 June 2016}}</ref>

There are five Link services; all accept fare payment by AT HOP card or cash and all run from early morning to late evening, 7 days of the week.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/bus-services/link-bus-service/|access-date=8 July 2018|title=Link bus service|publisher=Auckland Transport}}</ref>
*CityLink – red electric buses; [[Wynyard Quarter]] – [[Queen Street, Auckland|Queen Street]] – [[Karangahape Road]]
*InnerLink – green buses – both way loop; Britomart – [[Parnell, Auckland|Parnell]] – Newmarket – Karangahape Road – [[Ponsonby Road]] – [[Victoria Park, Auckland|Victoria Park]] – Britomart.
*OuterLink – amber buses – both way loop; Wellesley Street – Parnell – Newmarket – Mount Eden – Mount Albert – Westmere – Herne Bay – Wellesley Street.
*TāmakiLink – blue buses; Britomart – [[Spark Arena]] – [[Kelly Tarlton's Sea Life Aquarium]] – [[Mission Bay, New Zealand|Mission Bay]] – [[Kohimarama|Kohimarama Beach]] – [[Saint Heliers|St Heliers Bay]] – [[Glen Innes, New Zealand|Glen Innes]].
*AirportLink – orange electric buses; [[Manukau]] - Puhinui - [[Auckland Airport]]
[[Skybus Super Shuttle|SkyBus]] provides services between [[Auckland Airport]] and [[Auckland CBD]].

=== Bus priority facilities ===
[[File:Aklbusway06.jpg|thumb|[[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] looking north along the Tristram Avenue viaduct]]
Auckland has a growing number of [[bus lane]]s, some of which operate at peak times only and others 24 hours a day. These lanes are for buses and two-wheeled vehicles only and are intended to reduce congestion and shorten travel times. All are sign-posted and marked on the road surface.

The [[Central Connector, Auckland|Central Connector]] bus lane project improved links between [[Newmarket, Auckland|Newmarket]] and the inner city, while bus lanes are also planned on Remuera Road and St Johns Road to connect the city with the Eastern Bays suburbs.

The [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] provides complete separation for buses from general traffic between [[Akoranga Busway Station|Akoranga]] (near Takapuna) and Constellation Drive. This busway is to be extended further north to [[Albany Busway Station]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nzta.govt.nz/assets/projects/auckland-northern-corridor/14262-NZTA-Northern-Corridor-Newsletter-web-F.pdf |access-date=23 July 2017|title=Northern Corridor Newsletter – August 2015 21 August 2015|date=21 August 2015|publisher=New Zealand Transport Agency}}</ref> including building a new station at Rosedale. In the long-term plans remain to extend the busway to [[Hibiscus Coast Busway Station]], and [[Orewa]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://at.govt.nz/projects-roadworks/supporting-growth-delivering-transport-networks/supporting-growth-in-the-north/ |title=Supporting growth in the north|last=Transport|first=Auckland|website=Auckland Transport|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref>

The [[Eastern Busway, Auckland|Eastern Busway]] (AMETI) is currently being constructed to connect Botany and Panmure with a separated busway along Ti Rakau Drive, onto Pakuranga Road and Lagoon Drive. Pre-construction began in late 2018, with the removal of houses along Pakuranga Road due to be complete by April 2019. Stage one connecting Panmure and Pakuranga should be completed by 2020, with the Reeves Road flyover (2022) and continued construction of the busway from Pakuranga to Botany being completed by 2025. A new Botany station is due to be completed by 2026. Further extensions to Auckland Airport via Manukau City are being explored, although no decisions on this extension have been made public.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

Other planned busways include the Northwestern Busway<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11710461|title=Northwestern busway to get green light|last=@BernardOrsman|first=Bernard Orsman Super City reporter, NZ Herald bernard orsman@nzherald co nz|date=2016-09-15|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=2017-12-26|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref> between [[Westgate, New Zealand|Westgate]] and the city centre (possibly to be built as light-rail instead of a busway<ref name=":0" />) and a bus connection between [[Auckland Airport]], [[Manukau City]] and [[Botany (New Zealand electorate)|Botany]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Commuter services ===
At peak hours express buses serve commuters from the outlying towns north and south of Auckland.

Express bus 125X takes up to 2 hours<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 Feb 2019|title=Western Bus Timetable|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1979443/wn01_westgate_feb-2019-web.pdf|url-status=live|website=AT}}</ref> to cover the {{Convert|43|km|abbr=on}} from [[Helensville]] to Auckland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Helensville to Hobson Street|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Helensville,+Auckland/Hobson+Street,+Auckland+CBD,+Auckland+1010/@-36.747507,174.4638284,11z/am=t/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x6d0d106886a29e8b:0x500ef6143a2cb40!2m2!1d174.452261!2d-36.6740836!1m5!1m1!1s0x6d0d47f0292c10d5:0x4089549fa17dea9c!2m2!1d174.7610998!2d-36.8493157!3e0|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Google maps|language=en}}</ref>

Mahu City Express has run a commuter bus from [[Snells Beach]] to Parnell<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Luxury Commuting On eCoaches. Round-Trip Bus From Auckland to Warkworth|url=https://www.mahucityexpress.co.nz/luxury-commuting/|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Mahu City Express|language=en-NZ}}</ref> since October 2015. It runs twice a day, Monday to Friday, taking about an hour<ref name=":3" /> for the {{Convert|57|km|abbr=on}} from [[Warkworth, New Zealand|Warkworth]] to Victoria Park,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victoria Park to Warkworth|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Victoria+Park+Victoria+Street+West,+Auckland+CBD,+Auckland/Warkworth/@-36.621648,174.4236851,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x6d0d47f31feff2f1:0xf00ef62249cbf80!2m2!1d174.754178!2d-36.8469198!1m5!1m1!1s0x6d0cdef4c6be300b:0x500ef6143a31830!2m2!1d174.6605976!2d-36.3970407!3e0|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Google maps|language=en}}</ref> with stops at [[Smales Farm Busway Station|Smales Farm]] and Akoranga.<ref name=":3" /> Since 1 March 2021 the first electric luxury coach in the country has been on the route.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-22|title=Mahu City Express launches electric coach service|url=https://www.localmatters.co.nz/mahurangi-news/mahu-city-express-launches-electric-coach-service/|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Local Matters|language=en-US}}</ref> It uses a 40-seat [[Yutong#Products|Yutong TCe12]], bought with the aid of a $352,500 [[Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority|EECA]] grant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 Apr 2021|title=HERALD OF THE FUTURE - Mahu City Express, NZ|url=https://www.busnews.com.au/industry-news/2104/herald-of-the-future-mahu-city-express-nz|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-02|website=BusNews.com.au|language=en}}</ref>

Bus 995 runs hourly, linking Warkworth to Hibiscus Coast Busway Station,<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 October 2019|title=Warkworth Kowhai Coast Wellsford Northern Bus Timetable|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1985069/nn10_warkworth_oct-2019-web-v2.pdf|url-status=live|website=AT}}</ref> with connection to the Northern Express, taking a bit over an hour to Auckland.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Journey planner|url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/journey-planner/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Auckland Transport|language=en-nz}}</ref>

[[Waiuku]]'s bus 395 links it to Papakura railway station twice a day.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 Jul 2021|title=Southern Bus Timetable|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1986258/j004667_sno2_pukekohe-waiuku-timetable_web_jul21-v2.pdf|url-status=live|website=AT}}</ref>
[[File:InterCity_Volvo_B11R,_(ex_Manabus)_at_Skycity_in_2021.jpg|thumb|InterCity [[Volvo B11R]], (ex [[ManaBus.com|ManaBus]]) at Skycity in 2021, going to [[Tauranga]]]]

=== Long-distance services ===
Long-distance bus operator [[Intercity (New Zealand)|Intercity]] links Auckland with all the main centres in the [[North Island]],<ref>[http://www.intercity.co.nz/bookings/ Bookings] (from the [[Intercity (New Zealand)|Intercity]] website. Retrieved 16 February 2008.)</ref> also operating the budget-orientated SKIP Bus services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=12163946|access-date=15 January 2019|title=New budget coach service, Skip, hits North Island roads|date=21 November 2018|work=The New Zealand Herald}}</ref> Skip buses were suspended from 25 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Updates|url=https://entradatravelgroup.com/entrada-travel-group-covid-19-updates/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-29|website=Entrada Travel Group|language=en-NZ}}</ref> Until 18 August 1996 InterCity services operated from Auckland railway station. Since then they have run from [[Skycity Auckland|Skycity]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=InterCity NZ|url=https://www.facebook.com/InterCityNZ/photos/a.285413063184/10159616629428185/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-17|website=facebook.com|language=en}}</ref> Skycity wants the bus station to move and it has been criticised for diesel fumes and poor toilets.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-24|title=Auckland’s Wonderful Long-Distance Bus Terminal|url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2020/02/25/aucklands-wonderful-long-distance-bus-terminal/|access-date=2021-08-17|website=Greater Auckland|language=en-NZ}}</ref> However, InterCity rejected a move to Manukau and, in 2020, plans to move back to the old railway station were dropped.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-03|title=Contested plan for bus terminal on Auckland Māori land dropped|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/local-government/120800342/contested-plan-for-bus-terminal-on-auckland-mori-land-dropped|access-date=2021-08-17|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref>

== Trains ==
[[File:AucklandRailMap.png|right|400px|thumb|Lines and active projects on the Auckland rail network as of {{currentmonth}} {{currentyear}}]]
[[File:Auckland Rail Network.png|right|400px|thumb|Auckland rail network map as of {{currentmonth}} {{currentyear}}. A bus shuttle service operates between Waitakere station and Swanson station because that section of track is not electrified]]

{{Main|List of Auckland railway stations|Auckland railway electrification|City Rail Link}}

=== Urban services ===
Auckland's urban [[train]] services are operated under the AT brand by [[Transdev Auckland]]. Trains and stations are owned by [[Auckland Transport]], while tracks and other rail infrastructure are owned by [[KiwiRail]].

Since the opening of [[Britomart Transport Centre]], significant improvements have been made to urban rail services. These include:
* Sunday services were reintroduced in October 2005 for the first time in over 40 years, together with a general 25% service frequency increase.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunday trains come back to Auckland|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10349645|access-date=12 January 2011|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=11 October 2005|first=Mathew|last=Dearnaley}}</ref>
* Project DART upgraded the core rail network between 2006 and 2012, including double-tracking the Western Line, completed in 2010,<ref name="LastRegionWideP3">{{cite news|title=Auckland's rail renaissance|date=July 2010|work=Region Wide|agency=Auckland Regional Council|pages=3}}</ref> constructing the [[Manukau Branch]] line from [[Wiri]] to [[Manukau]] City Centre, completed in 2012, rebuilding and reconfiguring [[Newmarket railway station, Auckland|Newmarket railway station]], completed in 2010, and reopening the disused [[Onehunga Branch]] line for passengers<ref name="ONE">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10428642|title=Delight at Government's decision to reopen Onehunga line|author=Dearnaley, Mathew|date=14 March 2007|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> in September 2010.
* [[Auckland railway electrification|Electrification]] of the rail network from [[Swanson, New Zealand|Swanson]] station on the [[Western Line, Auckland|Western Line]] and [[Papakura railway station|Papakura]] station on the [[Southern Line, Auckland|Southern Line]] and the purchase of 57 electric trains. The first passenger services operated in April 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11245293|title='Stunning' electric trains launched – but soon face delays|date=2014-04-27|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=2017-12-26|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref>
* [[Otahuhu railway station]] was extensively rebuilt to connect with a new bus interchange being built alongside. In October 2016, the interchange was opened to coincide with the launching of a new bus network timetable in South Auckland, Pukekohe and Waiuku.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/316829/otahuhu%27s-new-transport-hub-the-%27way-to-go%27-goff|title=Otahuhu's new transport hub the 'way to go' – Goff|date=29 October 2016|access-date=26 March 2017}}</ref>
* The new Manukau bus station (next to [[Manukau railway station]]) was officially opened in April 2018 and bus services from the new facility began, serving South and East Auckland.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/354373/49m-bus-station-opens-in-manukau |title=$49m bus station opens in Manukau |work=RNZ News |date=7 April 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Manukau's new bus station opens|url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/manukau-s-new-bus-station-opens/|publisher=Auckland Transport|access-date=5 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414014821/https://at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/manukau-s-new-bus-station-opens/|archive-date=14 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* A bus and rail interchange at [[Puhinui railway station|Puhinui]] connecting [[Auckland Airport]] to and from [[Manukau]] bus station, expected to begin its construction of the first stage in October 2019 and completed by early 2021, later expected to open on 26 July.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airport to Botany Rapid Transit |url=https://at.govt.nz/projects-roadworks/airport-to-botany-rapid-transit/ |publisher=Auckland Transport |access-date=23 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/puhinui-station-set-for-reopening-with-stunning-new-design/ |title=Puhinui Station set for reopening with stunning design|publisher=[[Auckland Transport]] |date=1 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/service-announcements/puhinui-station-reopens-monday-26-july-2021/ |title=Puhinui Station reopens Monday 26th July 2021 |publisher=Auckland Transport |date=27 July 2021}}</ref>

These improvements have led to rapid growth in rail ridership, from a low of 1 million annual boardings in 1994 to over 20 million in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/auckland-city-harbour-news/96353487/auckland-train-patronage-anticipated-to-hit-60-million|title=Auckland train patronage anticipated to hit 60 million|website=Stuff|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> Increasing train frequencies to meet further growth is not possible because of the "dead end" at [[Britomart Transport Centre|Britomart]] train station which means all trains entering and exiting the station need to use the same two tracks. The [[City Rail Link]] project, due to be opened in 2024 is a tunnel between Britomart to [[Mount Eden Railway Station|Mount Eden station]] designed to address these constraints, provide greater route flexibility across the entire network, and create a more direct route for Western Line services.<ref name="NZ Herald">{{cite web|url=http://m.nzherald.co.nz/transport/news/article.cfm?c_id=97&objectid=11808581|title=Pukekohe to Huapai rail line suggested|date=27 February 2017|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=17 March 2017}}</ref> This project will convert the system from a [[commuter rail]] network to an [[S-Train]] network, providing metro-like frequencies during peak.

====Services====
There are four commuter rail lines:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2018/07/31/august-18-train-timetable-change/|title=August-18 train timetable change|date=2018-07-31|website=Greater Auckland|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! Line
! Frequency (off-peak)
! Calling at
! Notes
|-
| style="background:#ffbb05;" |
| [[Eastern Line, Auckland|Eastern Line]]
| 3 tph
| [[Britomart Transport Centre|Britomart]], [[Orakei railway station|Orakei]], [[Meadowbank railway station, Auckland|Meadowbank]], [[Glen Innes railway station|Glen Innes]], [[Panmure railway station, Auckland|Panmure]], [[Sylvia Park railway station|Sylvia Park]], [[Otahuhu railway station|Otahuhu]], [[Middlemore railway station|Middlemore]], [[Papatoetoe railway station|Papatoetoe]], [[Puhinui railway station|Puhinui]], [[Manukau railway station|Manukau]]
|
|-
| style="background:#ce0808;" |
| [[Southern Line, Auckland|Southern Line]]
| 3 tph
| [[Britomart Transport Centre|Britomart]], [[Parnell railway station|Parnell]], [[Newmarket railway station, Auckland|Newmarket]], [[Remuera railway station|Remuera]], [[Greenlane railway station|Greenlane]], [[Ellerslie railway station|Ellerslie]], [[Penrose railway station, Auckland|Penrose]], [[Otahuhu railway station|Otahuhu]], [[Middlemore railway station|Middlemore]], [[Papatoetoe railway station|Papatoetoe]], [[Puhinui railway station|Puhinui]], [[Homai railway station|Homai]], [[Manurewa railway station|Manurewa]], [[Te Mahia railway station|Te Mahia]], [[Takanini railway station|Takanini]], [[Papakura railway station|Papakura]]
|
|-
| style="background:#ce0808;" |
| [[Southern Line, Auckland|Southern Line]] (Papakura–Puhekohe shuttle)
| 2 tph
| [[Papakura railway station|Papakura]], [[Pukekohe railway station|Pukekohe]]
| Diesel shuttle connecting with service to/from Britomart
|-
| style="background:#33cc00;" |
| [[Western Line, Auckland|Western Line]]
| 3 tph
| [[Britomart Transport Centre|Britomart]], [[Parnell railway station|Parnell]], [[Newmarket railway station, Auckland|Newmarket]], [[Grafton railway station, Auckland|Grafton]], [[Mount Eden railway station|<s>Mount Eden</s>]], [[Kingsland railway station, Auckland|Kingsland]], [[Morningside railway station, Auckland|Morningside]], [[Baldwin Avenue railway station|Baldwin Avenue]], [[Mount Albert railway station|Mount Albert]], [[Avondale railway station, Auckland|Avondale]], [[New Lynn railway station|New Lynn]], [[Fruitvale Road railway station|Fruitvale Road]], [[Glen Eden railway station|Glen Eden]], [[Sunnyvale railway station|Sunnyvale]], [[Henderson railway station|Henderson]], [[Sturges Road railway station|Sturges Road]], [[Ranui railway station|Ranui]], [[Swanson railway station|Swanson]]
| Trains reverse at Newmarket.
|-
| style="background:#00BFFF;" |
| [[Onehunga Line]]
| 2 tph
| [[Britomart Transport Centre|Britomart]], [[Newmarket railway station, Auckland|Newmarket]], [[Remuera railway station|Remuera]]†, [[Greenlane railway station|Greenlane]]†, [[Ellerslie railway station|Ellerslie]], [[Penrose railway station, Auckland|Penrose]], [[Te Papapa railway station|Te Papapa]], [[Onehunga railway station|Onehunga]]
|
|-
| colspan=5| tph = trains per hour''
Mount Eden station is closed until 2024 for City Rail Link construction. 
† station served at evenings only.
|}

====Rolling stock====
{|class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
!rowspan="2"|Class
!rowspan="2"|Image
!rowspan="2"|Type
!colspan="2"|Top speed
!rowspan="2"|Number
!rowspan="2"|Carriages
!rowspan="2"|Routes operated
!rowspan="2"|Built
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
!km/h
!mph
|-
| [[New Zealand AM class electric multiple unit|AM class]]
| [[File:AMA 103 at Puhinui.jpg|150px]]
| [[Electric multiple unit|EMU]]
| 110
| 68
| 57
| 3
| [[Eastern Line, Auckland|Eastern Line]] [[Onehunga Line]] [[Southern Line, Auckland|Southern Line]] (Britomart–Papakura) [[Western Line, Auckland|Western Line]]
| 2013–15
|-
| [[ADL/ADC class diesel multiple unit|ADL/ADC class]]
| [[File:Waitakere Train.jpg|150x150px]]
| [[Diesel multiple unit|DMU]]
| 90
| 56
| 10
| 2
| [[Southern Line, Auckland|Southern Line]] (Papakura–Pukekohe)
| 1982–85
|}

=== Long-distance services ===
Auckland has two long-distance passenger train services. The first is the [[Northern Explorer]] to Wellington, operated by [[KiwiRail Scenic Journeys]], which runs southbound on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays and northbound Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays. The service is mainly tourist-oriented. The second is the [[Te Huia]] regional service, which runs two morning services northbound from Hamilton to Papakura via The Base and Huntly, and two return evening services. This service is expected to be extended to [[Puhinui railway station]] in the near future.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tehuiatrain.co.nz/travel-with-us/future-of-the-service/|title=Future of the service|website=Te Huia|access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

=== Future upgrades ===
A number of upgrades and extensions to the rail network have been proposed, some for several decades:
* The [[Auckland Airport Line]], an extension of the [[Onehunga Branch]] line to [[Auckland International Airport]] over the [[Mangere Bridge (bridges)|Mangere Bridge]]
* An airport link from the North Island Main Trunk line at [[Manukau City]], in addition to or instead of a link via Mangere Bridge
* Extension of electrification to [[Pukekohe]] (including new stations at Drury, Drury West and Paerata;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/projects-roadworks/supporting-growth-delivering-transport-networks/supporting-growth-in-the-south/|title=Supporting growth in the south|last=Transport|first=Auckland|website=Auckland Transport|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> and eventually to [[Hamilton railway station, New Zealand|Hamilton]], although the [[Waikato Connection]] commuter train to be introduced from 2020 will be diesel-hauled.<ref>''[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/metro/story.cfm?l_id=149&objectid=10495008 Electric train lines may reach Hamilton]'' – ''[[The New Zealand Herald]]'', Thursday 28 February 2008</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2017/08/17/introducing-regional-rapid-rail/|title=Introducing Regional Rapid Rail – Greater Auckland|date=2017-08-17|work=Greater Auckland|access-date=2017-12-26|language=en-US}}</ref>
* The [[Avondale-Southdown Line]], a line between Avondale in west Auckland and the Southdown Freight Terminal, to allow freight trains to avoid Newmarket and reduce delays for both freight and passenger trains<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/86866416/auckland-council-threaten-kiwirail-with-environment-court-action|access-date=29 July 2017|title=Auckland Council threaten KiwiRail with Environment Court action|date=28 November 2016|publisher=Stuff.co.nz}}</ref>
* A ''[[Southern Line, Auckland#Third Main Line|Third Main Line]]'' between [[Wiri railway station|Wiri]] and Westfield to allow freight trains to bypass stationary passenger trains on that section<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/333106/rail-proposal-that-minister-s-office-tried-to-block-released|title=Rail proposal that Minister's office tried to block released|date=2017-06-15|work=Radio New Zealand|access-date=2017-07-04|language=en-nz}}</ref>
* Extension of rail across Waitematā Harbour to the [[North Shore Line, New Zealand|North Shore]]<ref name="HALLE">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/opinion/news/article.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=10450782 |title=Brian Rudman: Hallelujah, talk before bulldozers |author=Rudman, Brian |author-link=Brian Rudman |date=11 July 2007 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> and possible conversion of the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] to [[light rail]]<ref name=":0" />
In 2020, the government announced funding for electrification of the railway line from Papakura to Pukekohe, new railway stations at Drury, a third main line and improvements to the Wiri - Quay Park corridor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/408385/govt-s-12b-infrastructure-spend-rail-roads-and-dhbs-the-big-winners|title=Govt's $12b infrastructure spend: Rail, roads and DHBs the big winners|author=Jane Paterson|date=29 January 2020|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>

== Ferries ==
[[File:AucklandFerry.jpg|thumb|MV ''SuperFlyte'', mainly used on the [[Waiheke Island]] service]]

=== History ===
The first official ferry started in 1854, the first steam ferry in 1860,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timespanner.blogspot.co.nz/2010/10/waitemata-ferries-remembered-at.html|title=Waitemata ferries remembered at Devonport Library|website=timespanner.blogspot.co.nz|access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref> the first scheduled ferry in 1865, Auckland & North Shore Steam Ferry Co in 1869, Devonport Steam Ferry Company in 1885, a vehicle ferry in 1911 and North Shore Ferries in 1959.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/council/documents/districtplannorthshore/changes/pc38northshorethermaticreviewvol2.pdf|title=North Shore Heritage – Thematic Review Report|date=July 2011|website=Auckland Council|isbn=978-1-927169-23-0}}</ref>

In 1981 George and Douglas Hudson bought North Shore Ferries and Waiheke Shipping Co. In 1984 they founded Gulf Ferries, and their first [[Catamaran#Passenger transport|catamaran]], the $3m Quickcat, cut the Waiheke ferry time from 75 minutes to 40,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/fullersferries/docs/hq__less__fullers_captain_mag_52pp_|title=Captain magazine, summer 2015|work=Issuu|access-date=2018-02-25|language=en}}</ref> with Fullers putting Kea on the Devonport route from 1988.<ref name=":2" /> [[Fullers Bay of Islands|Fullers Corporation]] was mainly operating cruises and, in 1987, when they introduced Supercat III,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzmaritimeindex.org.nz/izvessel.php?ID=49020204&name=SUPERCAT&db=&dm=&ds=&dh=&gsn=&owner=&num=&sh=&st=&sd=&svv=&typ=&tid=0&tix=0&tot=6&wds=&pix=0&sourceid=&refid=&hit=6|title=New Zealand Maritime Index from NZNMM|website=nzmaritimeindex.org.nz|access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref> they were refused a licence to compete on Waiheke commuter trips.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://atrf.info/papers/1988/1988_Baxter_Gammie.pdf|title=REVIEW OF NZ PASSENGER LICENSING SYSTEM|last=Brlan Baxter|first=Fergus Gammie|date=1988}}</ref> The Hudsons bought Fullers from its 1988 receivership<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K6-8BQAAQBAJ&q=%22Fullers+Corporation%22+Ltd&pg=PT90|title=Who Pays the Ferryman?|last=Pedersen|first=Roy|date=2013-09-01|publisher=Birlinn|isbn=9780857906038|language=en}}</ref> and formed [[Fullers Group]] Ltd in 1994 and Stagecoach took a majority holding in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omnibus.org.nz/buslocation/hino/rb145.html|title=Omnibus Society - Hino RB145 buses|last=Butler|first=Michael|website=omnibus.org.nz|access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref> In 2009, [[Brian Souter#Souter Holdings|Souter Holdings]] purchased Fullers Group and also 360 Discovery Cruises.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fullers.co.nz/about-us/our-history/|title=Our History|website=FullersFerries|language=en|access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref>[[File:AucklandFerryRoutes.png|thumb|right|Ferry routes in 2007]]
[[File:Auckland Ferry Terminal.jpg|thumb|[[Auckland Ferry Terminal]], 2007]]

=== Services ===
Around 7 million ferry trips per year<ref name=":1" /> are made in Auckland, on a variety of routes radiating from downtown Auckland. Ferry service operators are:
* [[Fullers Group|Fullers360 Group]]
* [[SeaLink New Zealand|SeaLink]]
* Belaire (West Harbour and Rakino Island)

=== Terminals ===
{{Main|Auckland Ferry Terminal}}
The Auckland Ferry Terminal is in downtown Auckland on [[Quay Street, Auckland|Quay Street]], between Princes Wharf and the container port, directly opposite [[Britomart Transport Centre]].
* [[North Shore, New Zealand|North Shore]] terminals: [[Devonport, New Zealand|Devonport]], Bayswater, [[Northcote Point]], Birkenhead, Beach Haven, [[Gulf Harbour]]
* [[East Auckland]] terminals: [[Half Moon Bay, Auckland|Half Moon Bay]], [[Pine Harbour]]
* Waitematā Harbour's western terminals: [[West Harbour, Auckland|West Harbour]], [[Hobsonville]]

Ferries also connect the city with islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Regular sailings serve [[Waiheke Island]], with less frequent services to [[Great Barrier Island]], [[Rangitoto Island]], [[Motutapu Island]] and other inner-gulf islands, primarily for tourism.

There are no ferry services on the west coast of Auckland, although there were some historical services from [[Onehunga]]. None are planned, as the city's waterfront orientation is much stronger towards the (eastern) [[Waitematā Harbour]] than to the (western) [[Manukau Harbour]].

== Ticketing and fares ==
{{main|AT HOP card}}
An integrated ticketing / [[smart card|smartcard]] system, known as the [[AT HOP card|AT HOP Card]], was developed for Auckland by [[Thales Group|Thales]], similar to systems like [[Octopus card]] in Hong Kong.<ref name="LastRegionWideP3A">{{cite news|title=Integrated ticketing|date=July 2010|work=Region Wide|agency=Auckland Regional Council|pages=3}}</ref><ref name="HOPPUBLICISE">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/local-government/news/article.cfm?c_id=250&objectid=10696356|title=$1m budget to help publicise Hop Card|last=Dearnaley|first=Mathew|date=24 December 2010|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=30 January 2011}}</ref>

The first stage of integrated ticketing came online in time for the Rugby World Cup 2011, with construction works for the 'tag on' / 'tag off' infrastructure having begun in January 2011.<ref name="STARTOF">{{cite news|url=http://www.aucklandtransport.govt.nz/about-us/News/LatestNews/Pages/Media-Release-Integrated-Ticketing-Construction.aspx|title=Start of Construction For Integrated Ticketing|date=24 January 2011|work=Press Release, Auckland Transport|access-date=30 January 2011}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The 'HOP Card' was publicised with a $1 million publicity campaign that started in early 2011.<ref name="HOPPUBLICISE" />

The AT HOP card system went live in October 2012 for trains, November 2012 for ferries and between June 2013 and March 2014 for buses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athop.co.nz/what-is-AT-HOP/bus-rollout-schedule/Pages/default.aspx|title=Planned bus roll-out schedule|publisher=Auckland Transport|access-date=30 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210040904/http://www.athop.co.nz/what-is-AT-HOP/bus-rollout-schedule/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=10 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2016, Auckland Transport simplified fares by changing to a system based on 13 fare zones. The fare is no longer based on the distance travelled (number of stages), but on the number of zones passed through, so that a journey in a zone that involves multiple rides or even a mode mix (bus or train) will be charged only one fare.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/fares-discounts/fare-zones-calculating-how-much-you-pay/|title=Fare zones & calculating how much you pay|publisher=Auckland Transport|access-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Ferries are not included in the simplified fares system and are charged per ride.

== Public advocacy ==
A number of groups advocate for improving public transport in Auckland. Some groups operate prominent blogs, participate in public discussions on social media and prepare plans advocating for particular improvements. These groups include:
* Greater Auckland<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz |title=Greater Auckland |access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
* Campaign for Better Transport<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bettertransport.org.nz |title=The Campaign For Better Transport |access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
* Public Transport Users Association<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ptua.org.nz |title=Public Transport Users Association of New Zealand |access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
* [[Generation Zero (organisation)|Generation Zero]]

== See also ==
* [[Public transport in New Zealand]]
* [[Transport in Auckland]]
* [[List of Auckland railway stations]]
* [[Rail transport in New Zealand]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://at.govt.nz/ Auckland Transport] (website of the region's local government transport body)
* [http://www.ontrack.govt.nz/ ONTRACK] New Zealand Railways Corporation (Rere Totika), the government rail owner
* [http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz//tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc02Cycl-t1-body1-d1-d58.html ''Wheel Traffic'' (Tramways etc) in Cyclopaedia of New Zealand Volume II (Auckland) of 1902]
* [http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=PREV_BLOCK&XC=/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll&BU=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandcity.govt.nz%2Fdbtw-wpd%2FHeritageImages%2Findex.htm&TN=heritageimages&SN=AUTO17937&SE=1784&RN=20&MR=20&TR=0&TX=1000&ES=0&CS=1&XP=&RF=HIOReport&EF=&DF=HIORecord&RL=0&EL=0&DL=0&NP=2&ID=&MF=WPEngMsg.ini&MQ=&TI=0&DT=&ST=0&IR=311573&NR=0&NB=1&SV=0&SS=1&BG=&FG=&QS=index&OEX=ISO-8859-1&OEH=ISO-8859-1 Photos of Downtown Municipal Transport Centre (now Britomart) in 1940s to 1970s]

{{Bus transport in New Zealand}}{{Public transport in Auckland}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Public Transport in Auckland}}
[[Category:Public transport in Auckland| ]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line

2022-01-08T04:44:45Z

202.255.28.252: /* Opening and start-up */

{{Short description|bubba}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed railway
| native_name = Neubaustrecke Köln-Rhein/Main
| native_name_lang = de
| image = SFS Koeln-Frankfurt.png
| image_width = 201px
| locale = [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] and [[Hesse]], Germany
| routenumber = 472
| linenumber = *2651 {{small|Köln-Deutz (h)–Köln Steinstr}}
*2660 {{small|Köln-Deutz (t)–Köln Gummersbacher Str}}
*2690 {{small|Köln Steinstr–Frankfurt (Main) Stadion}}
*3509 {{small|Breckenheim–Wiesbaden-Kinzenberg}}
*3656 {{small|Frankfurt (Main) Flughfn–Zeppelinheim}}
| linelength_km = 180
| gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| electrification = [[15 kV AC railway electrification|15 kV/16.7 Hz]] [[Alternating Current|AC]] [[Overhead catenary]]
| maxincline = 4%
| minradius = {{Convert|3320|m|yd|abbr=on}}
| speed = {{convert|300|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} (maximum)
| tracks = 2
| map = {{Cologne–Frankfurt HSR}}
| map_state =
}}
The '''Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed railway''' ({{lang-de|Schnellfahrstrecke Köln–Rhein/Main}}) is a {{convert|180|km|mi|adj=mid|-long|sigfig=2}} railway line in [[Germany]], connecting the cities of [[Cologne]] and [[Frankfurt]]. Its route follows the [[Bundesautobahn 3]] for the greater part, and currently the travel time is about 62 minutes. The line's [[Grade (slope)|grades]] of up to four percent require trains with a high [[power-to-weight ratio]] which is currently only met by [[Siemens Velaro|third-generation]] [[Intercity-Express]] trains. It was constructed between 1995 and 2002 at a total cost of six billion [[Euro]] according to [[Deutsche Bahn]].

== Operational use ==
The line starts in [[Cologne]] at the ''Abzweig Köln-Steinstrasse'' in the Cologne borough of [[Köln-Porz|Porz]]. Whilst the connection loop to [[Cologne-Bonn Airport]], the [[Cologne Airport loop]], is technically not a part of the [[High-speed rail|high-speed line]], it was built as a part of the general refurbishments in the Cologne area due to the line, and hence is generally regarded as part of the project. The line has four stations, [[Siegburg/Bonn station|Siegburg/Bonn]], [[Montabaur station|Montabaur]], [[Limburg Süd station|Limburg Süd]] and [[Frankfurt Airport Long-distance Train Station|Frankfurt Airport]].
The line is equipped for speeds up to {{convert|300|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} between Siegburg and Frankfurt, closely following the [[Bundesautobahn 3|A3 autobahn]].

== History ==
[[File:Kölner Hauptbahnhof - Hohenzollernbrücke - Musical Dome.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Köln Hauptbahnhof]]]]
[[File:Sechsgleisig bei Porz mit ICE.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Six track section near [[Porz]]]]
[[File:Wiedtalbrücke.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Wied viaduct]]
[[File:Hauptbahnhof Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof]]]]

The former [[Deutsche Bundesbahn]] (DB) began planning for a network of high-speed lines for both passenger and freight trains in the 1960s. The 1973 federal transport plan included a high-speed line between Cologne and [[Groß-Gerau]] (near Frankfurt), as well as between [[Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line|Hanover and Würzburg]] and between [[Mannheim-Stuttgart high-speed rail line|Mannheim and Stuttgart]]. This plan envisaged that mixed traffic would require:
*maximum grade of 1.25% (occasionally 2.0%)
*curves with small [[Cant (road/rail)|superelevation]] and minimum radii of {{convert|4.8|to|7.0|km}}
*maximum line speed of {{convert|250|to|300|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}
These specifications would be difficult to achieve either near the traditional [[West Rhine Railway|Rhine valley route]], which follows an entrenched [[meander]], or along DB's preferred route next to the A3, which has long and steep climbs and descents. The second federal transport plan in 1985 (which was drawn up when the [[LGV Sud-Est|first TGV line]] had been operating for four years) included a passenger train-only railway, which meant that much steeper grades would be acceptable. The technical standards adopted were:
*maximum grade : 4.0%
*minimum radius : {{convert|3.35|km}}
*maximum speed : {{convert|300|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}

DB negotiated with the [[States of Germany|states]] of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] and [[Hesse]] over the route. Each state had objections to the bypassing of the cities on the Rhine, particularly [[Bonn]], [[Andernach]], [[Koblenz]], [[Mainz]] and [[Wiesbaden]] and four other routes were examined that passed through some of these. No agreement was reached and the [[Cabinet of Germany|Federal Cabinet]] agreed on 20 December 1989 to a recommendation of the Transport Minister to adopt the A3 route and, among other things, to include a station at [[Limburg an der Lahn|Limburg]].<ref name=mr>{{cite journal |last=Gough |first=John |title=Neubaustrecke Köln–Rhein/Main |journal=[[Modern Railways]] |volume=60 |issue=653 |pages=33–47 |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] |date=February 2003}}</ref>

DB then consulted with the states and community groups over the details of the route. In North Rhine-Westphalia there was considerable debate over the location of the station to serve the Bonn area and on how to serve the [[Cologne/Bonn Airport station|Cologne-Bonn Airport]]. DB decided that the station would be built at [[Siegburg]] and that a separate, double line would connect Cologne and the high-speed line to the south with Cologne-Bonn airport for the [[Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] and ICE traffic. In Rhineland-Palatinate, DB decided that a station would be built north of [[Montabaur]] only {{convert|21|km}} north of Limburg Sud, partly to serve Koblenz via the [[Bundesautobahn 48|A48]], and to reroute a local railway through it.

In Hesse, DB decided to build the Limburg station south of the town at its current location on cost grounds, even though this prevented a connection to the [[Lahntalbahn|Lahn valley line]], which would have provided a connection to Koblenz and [[Gießen]]. Options for connections to [[Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof|Wiesbaden]] were examined in detail, including routing the line through its eastern outskirts. DB eventually agreed to a double-line spur to Wiesbaden along the [[Bundesautobahn 66|A66]]. Options for connections to Frankfurt Airport, the line to [[Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof]] and to the [[Mannheim–Frankfurt railway|Riedbahn]] (the line to [[Mannheim Hauptbahnhof|Mannheim]]). It was decided that routing the line into the existing Frankfurt Airport station (now known as the [[Frankfurt Airport Regional Train Station|regional train station]]) with two {{convert|400|m|yd|adj=mid|-long}} tracks and a {{convert|200|m|yd|adj=mid|-long}} track would not be adequate, even if expanded to four or five tracks. DB decided that a separate station across the A3 from the old station would be required and that the line would go on to connect to the Riedbahn both northbound (towards Frankfurt) and southbound (towards Mannheim). 

=== Planning ===

Although the route as set out above was adopted under the federal railway development law on 15 November 1993, the last legal challenge to the project was not resolved until September 1998.<ref>''Ein Jahrzehnt für 58 Minuten'' in ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' of 12 July 2001 {{in lang|de}}</ref> In the meantime DB decided to reduce the minimum radius of curves to {{convert|3.320|km|sigfig=3}} and increased the maximum super-elevation of the track to {{convert|180|mm|frac=16}} (to follow the A3 more closely), reduced the spacing between tracks from {{convert|4.70|to|4.50|m|ftin}} (to save space) and increased the area of tunnel cross-sections from {{convert|82|to|92|m2}} (to allow higher speeds for converging trains). The route as finally designed was intended to allow trains to cover the distance between Cologne and Frankfurt in 58 minutes,<ref>''Letzte Gleise der neuen ICE-Strecke verlegt'' in ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' of 11 July 2001 {{in lang|de}}</ref> although the current{{When|date=August 2011}} fastest time is 70 minutes, due to uncompleted work at rail junctions in Cologne and Frankfurt.<ref>Based on winter timetable 2006/2007</ref>

=== Construction ===

The construction of the route began on 13 December 1995 with the turning of the first sod at the [[Frankfurter Kreuz]] autobahn junction and the last dispute over the route was settled in May 1997. On 13 May Federal Minister of Transport Matthias Wissmann in Siegburg turned the first sod in North Rhine-Westphalia.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Realisierung der Neubaustrecke kommt voran |journal=Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau |issue=46 |pages=313 |date=June 1997 |language=de}}</ref> The last section to commence construction was the Schloss-Röttgen tunnel on the Cologne-Bonn airport loop, which was required in the settlement of a law case: work on it commenced in December 2000. The first section completed was the new Frankfurt airport station, which went into operation on 30 May 1999.

The opening of the whole route, which had originally been planned for 1999, took place after numerous court challenges and geological problems, at the end of July 2002.<ref name="2001-07-12">{{cite news |title=Ein Jahrzehnt für 58 Minuten |language=de |publisher=Frankfurter lgemeine Zeitung |date=12 July 2001}}</ref> The last tracks of the route in the Schulwald tunnel were installed on 10 July 2001.<ref name="2001-07-12"/> In the same month the first trips with diesel locomotives were run to adjust the height of the overhead electric lines on the southern section. On 22 October 2001 for the first time an ICE 3 ran on the line, on a {{convert|37|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} section between Frankfurt airport and [[Idstein]].<ref>{{cite news |title=ICE startet zur Jungfernfahrt Richtung Köln |language=de |publisher =Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |date=23 October 2001}}</ref>

During construction, traffic on the neighbouring A3 was significantly affected and up to 48 building sites with a reduced maximum speed of {{convert|100|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} were operating simultaneously on the autobahn. Up to 15,000 people were employed on the construction of the railway line. {{convert|7.5|e6m3|e6yd3|abbr=unit}} of earth was removed during the tunnel construction and approximately {{convert|3|e6m3|e6yd3|abbr=unit}} of concrete were poured. 1,400 miners were hired and 13 people died in accidents during construction of the tunnels.<ref name="2001-07-12"/>

=== Opening and start-up ===

The symbolic opening of the line took place on 25 July 2002 with a special train carrying approximately 700 honoured guests. On 1 August 2002, the first passenger services commenced, originally with a two-hourly service and later with an hourly service. In December 2002, the full service commenced, integration into the European timetable,<ref name=mr/> although there were many disruptions to services in the first few months due to technical failures.

On 13 June 2004 the [[Cologne Bonn Airport]] loop was put into service. At the end of September 2004 the [[Siegburg/Bonn station]] was finally completed.

==Route==

In Cologne ICE trains follow three paths to reach the high-speed line:
*from the north ([[Düsseldorf]] or [[Wuppertal]]), running via the low level of [[Köln Messe/Deutz station|Cologne Messe/Deutz railway station]] (tracks 11 and 12)
*from the west ([[Aachen]]) through Cologne main station and over the [[Hohenzollern Bridge]] or from the north to the main station and then reversing to re-cross the Hohenzollern Bridge
*from the north over the Hohenzollern Bridge to the main station and continuing around the [[Cologne freight bypass railway|western bypass]] of central Cologne and over the [[South Bridge (Cologne)|Cologne south bridge]]
The first two routes allow trains to run via Cologne–Bonn airport loop line, rejoining the main route at [[Porz-Wahn station|Cologne-Porz-Wahn]].

The high-speed line's dedicated track begins in [[Porz-Wahn station|Cologne-Porz]] and are located between the [[Sieg Railway]] and the line from Gremberg yard and the Cologne south bridge, which, in effect, becomes the [[East Rhine Railway|Right Rhine line]] when it separates at Troisdorf. Between Porz and Troisdorf there are six parallel lines and the speed limit on the HSL is {{convert|200|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}. At Troisdorf the HSL runs through a {{convert|627|m|yd|adj=on}} tunnel under connecting lines that allow passenger trains running on the Sieg line to transfer to the Right Rhine line and freight trains on the freight lines to transfer to the Sieg line (and vice versa for northbound trains).

In Troisdorf the Right Rhine line leaves the high-speed line and runs through [[Bonn-Beuel station|Bonn-Beuel]] towards Koblenz. The HSL follows the Siegstrecke to the rebuilt Siegburg/Bonn station and then heads south to run through the Siegauen Tunnel under the [[Sieg]]. At that very point it joins the A3, which it parallels south bound towards [[Frankfurt Airport]]. Between the Siegauen Tunnel and the [[Mainbrücke Eddersheim|Main Bridge]] (near Frankfurt) the speed limit is {{convert|300|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} and from there to the airport station trains run at {{convert|160|to|220|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}.

In the Wiesbaden suburb of Breckenheim [[Breckenheim–Wiesbaden railway|a double line]] connects to [[Wiesbaden]], partly next to the [[Bundesautobahn 66|A66]] and then next to the [[Ländches Railway]]. Trains run into the Wiesbaden terminal station and can then reverse out to go to Mainz and Mannheim. The {{convert|13.2|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} Wiesbaden branch has a maximum speed of about {{convert|160|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}.

===Construction on the approach to Cologne===
{{update|2008 is over|date=December 2015}}

Work is being carried out to create separate tracks for the high-speed line through the heavily used [[Cologne]] rail junction from its provisional connection to the conventional line at Köln Steinstraße, where trains are limited to {{convert|130|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} through the [[railroad switch|points]]. The line is being extended to Cologne-Mülheim station through Cologne Messe/Deutz railway station (low level). This work was intended to be part of the original high-speed line project, but was dropped to reduce costs. When completed in 2008 this work will reduce the time between Frankfurt and Düsseldorf by 10 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |last=Siedenbiedel |first=Christian |title=Mehr ICE-Züge nach Köln |publisher=FAZ.net |date=31 August 2006 |url=https://www.faz.net/s/Rub8D05117E1AC946F5BB438374CCC294CC/Doc~EF9877139968042E381CD7AF378487908~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html |access-date=2007-06-09 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[High-speed rail in Germany]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Frankfurt–Cologne high-speed rail line|Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line}}
* [http://atkon.vo.llnwd.net/o10/btvo/podcast/20070611_FrankfurtMainKoeln.m4v Official Video]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} – showing an entire journey from Frankfurt to Cologne in one continuous shot from the rear of the train, 388 MiB)

{{NBS K-F}}
{{High-speed railway lines}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koln-Frankfurt high-speed rail line}}
[[Category:High-speed railway lines in Germany]]
[[Category:Railway lines in North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Hesse]]
[[Category:Transport in Cologne]]
[[Category:Transport in Frankfurt]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Groß-Gerau (district)]]

Ōtsuki Station

2022-01-07T02:19:49Z

202.255.28.252: /* Passenger statistics */

{{short description|Railway station in Ōtsuki, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{JRSN|JC|32|size=50}} Ōtsuki Station
| native_name = 大月駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Otsuki Station 20060813.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Ōtsuki Station, August 2006
| other_name =
| address = 1-1-1 Ōtsuki, Ōtsuki-shi Yamanashi-ken
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|35.6132|138.9427|format=dms|display=inline,title|type:railwaystation_region:JP}}
| operator = {{Plainlist|
* [[File:JR logo (east).svg|20px]] [[JR East]]
* [[File:Fuji Kyuko Q Logo.svg|20px]] [[Fuji Kyuko]]
}}
| line = {{Plainlist|
* {{colorbull|Blue}} [[Chūō Main Line]]
* {{colorbull|Blue}} [[Fujikyuko Line]]
}}
| elevation = 358 meters
| distance = 87.8 km from {{STN|Tokyo}}
| platforms = 1 side + 2 island platforms
| tracks = 5
| connections = {{Plainlist|
* Bus stop
}}
| status = Staffed (''[[Midori no Madoguchi]]'')
| structure =
| website = {{Official|1=http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=331}}
| code = JC32 (JR), FJ01 (Fuji Kyuko)
| opened = October 1, 1902
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 5,153 daily
| pass_year = FY2011, JR East
| services ={{Adjacent stations|system=JR East
|line2=Azusa|left2=Enzan|note-left2={{JRSN|CO|37|size=25}}|right2=Hachiōji|note-right2={{JRSN|JC|22|size=25}}
|line3=Kaiji|left3=Enzan|note-left3={{JRSN|CO|37|size=25}}|right3=Hachiōji|note-right3={{JRSN|JC|22|size=25}}
|line4=Fuji Excursion|through-left4=Fuji Kyuko|right4=Hachiōji|note-right4={{JRSN|JC|22|size=25}}
|line7=Chuo|note-mid7={{Color box|deeppink}} Commuter Special Rapid {{Color box|blue}} Chūō Special Rapid|right7=Saruhashi|note-right7={{JRSN|JC|31|size=25}}
|line10=Chuo|note-mid10={{Color box|purple}} Commuter Rapid|right10=Saruhashi|oneway-right10=yes
|line11=Chuo|right11=Saruhashi|note-right11={{JRSN|JC|31|size=25}}|note-mid11=Rapid
|line12=Chuo Main|left12=Hatsukari|note-left12={{JRSN|CO|33|size=30}}|right12=Saruhashi|note-right12={{JRSN|JC|31|size=30}}
|system13=Fuji Kyuko|line13=Fuji Excursion|left13=Tsurubunkadaigakumae|through-right13=JR East|note-left13=(FJ08)
|line14=Fujisan/Mt. Fuji View|left14=Tsurubunkadaigakumae|note-left14=(FJ08)
|line15=Fujikyuko|left15=Kamiōtsuki|note-left15=(FJ02)}}
| map_type = Japan Yamanashi Prefecture#Japan
| map_dot_label = Ōtsuki Station
}}
{{nihongo|'''Ōtsuki Station'''|大月駅|Ōtsuki-eki }} is a [[railway station]] on the [[Chūō Main Line]] in the city of [[Ōtsuki, Yamanashi]], Japan, jointly operated by the [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) and [[Fuji Kyuko]].<ref name="jreast">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=331|script-title=ja:各駅情報（大月駅）|trans-title=Station Information (Ōtsuki Station) |publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 2 March 2012}}</ref>

==Lines==
Ōtsuki Station is served by the [[Chūō Main Line]] (including [[Chūō Line (Rapid)]] services) from Tokyo, and is 87.8 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at [[Tokyo Station]] on the [[Chūō Main Line]]. It is also the terminus of the privately operated {{Convert|26.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[Fujikyuko Line]] to {{STN|Kawaguchiko}}.

''[[Kaiji (train)|Kaiji]]'' limited express services and some ''[[Azusa (train)|Azusa]]'' and ''[[Super Azusa]]'' limited express services stop at this station.<ref name=tt201210>JR Timetable, October 2012 issue, p.112-113</ref> A limited amount of ''[[Narita Express]]'' trains also stop at this station, with some of them continuing on to {{STN|Kawaguchiko}} on the Fujikyuko Line.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.eki-net.com/pc/jreast-shinkansen-reservation/english/wb/common/timetable/byline.html#lex | title=JR-EAST Train Reservation}}</ref>

==Station layout==
[[File:Fuji-Kyuko-Otsuki-Station-01.jpg|thumb|Fujikyuko Line platforms 1 & 2, January 2011]]
[[File:Otsuki Station platforms 4-5 20060813.jpg|thumb|View of JR East platforms 4 & 5, August 2006]]
The JR East section of the station consists of one [[side platform]] and one [[island platform]] serving three tracks, connected by a footbridge. The station has a ''[[Midori no Madoguchi]]'' staffed ticket office.<ref name="jreast"/>

The Fujikyuko section of the station consists of a single island platform serving two terminating tracks, and also shares Platform 3, the side platform, with JR East.

===Platforms===
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=1, 2|first=2|name=Fujikyuko Line|col=Blue|dir=for {{STN|Fujisan}} and {{STN|Kawaguchiko}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=3|span=3|linename=Chūō Main Line|linecol=Blue|dir=for {{STN|Kōfu}}, {{STN|Kobuchizawa}}, {{STN|Kami-Suwa}}, and {{STN|Matsumoto}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Chūō Main Line|linecol=Blue|dir=for {{STN|Hachiōji}}, {{STN|Shinjuku}}, and {{STN|Tokyo}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|linename=Chūō Line (Rapid)|linecol=orangered|dir=for {{STN|Takao|Tokyo}}, {{STN|Hachiōji}}, {{STN|Tachikawa}}, {{STN|Shinjuku}}, and {{STN|Tokyo}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=4|span=2|linename=Chūō Line (Rapid)|linecol=orangered|dir=for {{STN|Takao|Tokyo}}, {{STN|Hachiōji}}, {{STN|Tachikawa}}, {{STN|Shinjuku}}, and {{STN|Tokyo}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|linename=Fujikyuko Line|linecol=Blue|dir=for {{STN|Fujisan}} and {{STN|Kawaguchiko}} (through services)}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=5|span=2|linename=Chūō Main Line|linecol=Blue|dir=for {{STN|Hachiōji}}, {{STN|Shinjuku}}, and {{STN|Tokyo}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|first=3|linename=Chūō Line (Rapid)|linecol=orangered|dir=for {{STN|Takao|Tokyo}},{{STN|Hachiōji}}, {{STN|Tachikawa}}, {{STN|Shinjuku}}, and {{STN|Tokyo}}}}

==Station history==
Ōtsuki Station opened on October 1, 1902.<ref name="jreast"/> The Fujikyuko station opened on 19 June 1929.<ref name="terada2002">{{cite book | last = Terada | first = Hirokazu |title = データブック日本の私鉄 |trans-title=Databook: Japan's Private Railways | publisher = Neko Publishing | date = July 2002 | location = Japan | page = 220 | isbn = 4-87366-874-3}}</ref>

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2017, the JR East station was used by an average of 5,377 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="jreast2017stats">{{cite web |url= https://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2017_03.html|script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2011年度）|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2017)|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 30 September 2018}}</ref> The Fujiyuko portion of the station was used by an average of 3417 passengers daily (boarding passengers only) in 2016<ref name="tokei/files/h29toukeisyo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.city.otsuki.yamanashi.jp/shisei/tokei/files/h29toukeisyo.pdf|title=大月市統計書平成29年版|page=74|publisher=Otsuki City|date=March 2019|accessdate=April 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420163450/http://www.city.otsuki.yamanashi.jp/shisei/tokei/files/h29toukeisyo.pdf|archivedate=April 20, 2019}}</ref>。

The passenger figures for JR East in previous years are as shown below.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Fiscal year !! Daily average
|-
| 2000|| 5,825<ref name="jreast2000stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2000_02.html|script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2000年度）|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2000)|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 30 September 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2005|| 5,378<ref name="jreast2005stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2005_02.html|script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2005年度）|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2005)|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 30 September 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || 5,241<ref name="jreast2010stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2010_02.html|script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2010年度）|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2010)|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 30 September 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || 5,528<ref name="jreast2015stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2015_03.html|script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2015年度）|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2015)|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 30 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Surrounding area==
* Ōtsuki City Office
* [[Ohtsuki City College]]
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|20}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* Miyoshi Kozo. ''Chuo-sen Machi to eki Hyaku-niju nen''. JT Publishing (2009) {{ISBN|453307698X}} {{in lang|ja}}
* {{JapanTrainCite1988|145}}
{{refend}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=331 Ōtsuki Station information] (JR East) {{in lang|ja}}
* [http://www.fujikyu-railway.jp/station/timetable.php?no=01 Fujikyuko station information Ōtsuki Station information] (Fujikyuko ) {{in lang|ja}}

{{ja-linecat|East Japan Railway Company}}
{{Chuo Line (Rapid)}}
{{Chūō East Line}}
{{Fujikyuko Line}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Otsuki Station}}
[[Category:Railway stations in Yamanashi Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1902]]
[[Category:Chūō Main Line]]
[[Category:Stations of Fuji Kyuko]]
[[Category:Ōtsuki, Yamanashi]]

SCMaglev

2022-01-05T06:42:11Z

202.255.28.252: /* Vehicles */

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Short description|Japanese maglev system}}
[[File:Series L0.JPG|thumb|[[L0 Series]] maglev train at [[Yamanashi Prefecture|Yamanashi]] test track]]
The '''SCMaglev''' (superconducting maglev, formerly called the '''MLU''') is a magnetic levitation ([[maglev]]) [[railway]] system developed by [[Central Japan Railway Company]] (JR Central) and the [[Railway Technical Research Institute]].<ref name="jrc-hsr">{{Cite book| url = http://english.jr-central.co.jp/company/company/others/high-speed-rail/high-speed-rail.html | title = Test Ride of Superconducting Maglev by the US Secretary of Transportation, Mr. Ray LaHood | author = Central Japan Railway Company | date = 11 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://english.jr-central.co.jp/company/ir/annualreport/_pdf/annualreport2012.pdf | title = Central Japan Railway Company Annual Report 2012 | pages = 23–25 | author = Central Japan Railway Company | date = 2012 | access-date = 23 July 2013}}</ref><ref name='osti'>{{cite journal | url = http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/10150166| osti=10150166 | title=Study of Japanese Electrodynamic-Suspension Maglev Systems | journal=NASA Sti/Recon Technical Report N | volume=94 | pages=37515 | publisher=[[Argonne National Laboratory]]| date= 1994|doi=10.2172/10150166| first1=J.L. |last1=He |first2=D.M. |last2=Rote |first3=H.T. |last3=Coffey| bibcode=1994STIN...9437515H }}</ref>

On 21 April 2015, a manned seven-car [[L0 Series]] SCMaglev train reached a speed of {{Convert|603|km/h|abbr=on}}, less than a week after the same train clocked {{Convert|590|km/h|abbr=on}}, breaking the previous [[land speed record for rail vehicles]] of {{Convert|581|km/h|abbr=on}} set by a JR Central MLX01 maglev train in December 2003.<ref name="guardian20150421">{{cite news| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/21/japans-maglev-train-notches-up-new-world-speed-record-in-test-run| title = Japan's Maglev Train Breaks World Speed Record with 600 km/h Test Run| first = Justin | last = McCurry| date = 21 April 2015 | work = The Guardian
| location = New York | edition=U.S.}}</ref>

==Technology==
{{multiple image|perrow = 2/1|total_width=300|align=left
| image1 =JR Maglev-Lev.png
| caption1=Levitation system
| image2 =JR Maglev-Guide.png
| caption2=Guidance system
| image3 =JR Maglev-Drive.png
| caption3=Propulsion system
| footer = An illustration of the SCMaglev levitation and propulsion system
}}
[[File:JR Maglev-Model-truck.JPG|thumb|MLX01 maglev train [[Superconducting magnet]] [[bogie]]]]
[[File:JR Maglev-Levitation and Guide Coils.JPG|thumb|Levitation and guidance coils]]
{{See also|Maglev#Technology}}

The SCMaglev system uses an [[electrodynamic suspension]] (EDS) system. The trains' [[bogie]]s have [[superconductivity|superconducting]] magnets installed, and the guideways contain two sets of metal coils.
The current levitation system utilizes a series of coils wound into a "figure 8" along both walls of the guideway. These coils are also cross-connected underneath the track.<ref name="osti" />

As the train accelerates, the magnetic fields of its superconducting magnets induce a current into these coils due to the [[Electromagnetic induction|magnetic field induction effect]]. If the train were centered with the coils, the electrical potential would be balanced and no currents would be induced. However, as the train runs on rubber wheels at relatively low speeds, the magnetic fields are positioned below the center of the coils, causing the electrical potential to no longer be balanced. This creates a reactive magnetic field opposing the superconducting magnet's pole (in accordance with [[Lenz's law]]), and a pole above that attracts it. Once the train reaches {{Convert|150|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, there is sufficient current flowing to lift the train {{Convert|100|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} above the guideway.<ref name="osti" />

These coils also generate guiding and stabilizing forces. Because they are cross-connected underneath the guideway, if the train moves off-center, currents are induced into the connections that correct its positioning.<ref name="osti" />
SCMaglev also utilizes a [[Linear motor|linear synchronous motor]] (LSM) propulsion system, which powers a second set of coils in the guideway.

==History==
[[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR) began research on a linear propulsion railway system in 1962 with the goal of developing a train that could travel between [[Tokyo]] and [[Osaka]] in one hour.<ref>The airline distance between Tokyo and Osaka is 397 kilometres (247 mi). To achieve an ''average'' speed of 397 km/h, such a train would need to be capable of speeds in excess of 500 km/h to allow for acceleration and deceleration times, intermediate stops, and additional distance incurred by a land route.</ref> Shortly after [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] patented superconducting magnetic levitation technology in the United States in 1969, JNR announced development of its own superconducting maglev (SCMaglev) system. The railway made its first successful SCMaglev run on a short track at its Railway Technical Research Institute in 1972.<ref name="usjmaglev">{{cite web | url= http://usjmaglev.com/usjmaglev/History.html | title=History| work=USJMAGLEV| author=U.S.-Japan Maglev| date=2012|access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref>
JR Central plans on exporting the technology, pitching it to potential buyers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Japanese-rail-company-eyes-exports-to-cover-maglev-costs|title=Japanese rail company eyes exports to cover maglev costs|website=Nikkei Asian Review}}</ref>

===Miyazaki test track===
In 1977, SCMaglev testing moved to a new 7 km test track in [[Hyūga, Miyazaki]]. By 1980, the track was modified from a "reverse-T" shape to the "U" shape used today. In April 1987, JNR was privatized, and [[Central Japan Railway Company]] (JR Central) took over SCMaglev development.

In 1989, JR Central decided to build a better testing facility with tunnels, steeper gradients, and curves.<ref name="usjmaglev" /> After the company moved maglev tests to the new facility, the company's Railway Technical Research Institute began to allow testing of [[ground effect train]]s, an alternate technology based on [[aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] interaction between the train and the ground, at the Miyazaki Test Track in 1999.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}

===Yamanashi maglev test line===
{{See also|Chūō Shinkansen#Miyazaki and Yamanashi Test Tracks}}
Construction of the Yamanashi maglev test line began in 1990. The {{Convert|18.4|km|mi|abbr=on}} "priority section" of the line in [[Tsuru, Yamanashi]], opened in 1997. MLX01 trains were tested there from 1997 to fall 2011, when the facility was closed to extend the line to {{Convert|42.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} and to upgrade it to commercial specifications.<ref name="jrc-data2012">{{cite book| chapter-url=http://english.jr-central.co.jp/company/company/others/data-book/_pdf/2012.pdf| author=Central Japan Railway Company | title=Data Book 2012| chapter=The Chuo Shinkansen Using the Superconducting Maglev System| pages=24–25| date=2012}}</ref>

==Commercial use==

=== Japan ===
In 2009, Japan's [[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]] decided that the SCMaglev system was ready for commercial operation. In 2011, the ministry gave JR Central permission to operate the SCMaglev system on their planned [[Chūō Shinkansen]] linking Tokyo and [[Nagoya]] by 2027, and to Osaka by 2037. Construction is currently underway.

=== United States ===
Since 2010, JR Central has promoted the SCMaglev system in international markets, particularly the [[Northeast Corridor]] of the United States, as the [[Northeast Maglev]].<ref name="jrc-hsr" /> In 2013, [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] [[Shinzō Abe]] met with the 44th U.S. President [[Barack Obama]] and offered to provide the first portion of the SC Maglev track free, a distance of approximately 40 miles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Japan Pitches Its High-Speed Train With an Offer to Finance|first=Eric |last=Pfanner|date=19 November 2013|page=B8 |edition=New York|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/19/business/international/japan-pitches-americans-on-its-maglev-train.html}}</ref> In 2016, the Federal Railroad Administration awarded $27.8 million to the Maryland Department of Transportation to prepare preliminary engineering and NEPA analysis for an SCMaglev train between Baltimore, MD, and Washington, DC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bwmaglev.info/index.php/overview/background|title=Baltimore-Washington Superconducting Maglev Project - Background}}</ref>

=== Australia ===
In late 2015, JR Central partnered with [[Mitsui]] and [[General Electric]] in Australia to form a joint venture named [[Consolidated Land and Rail Australia]] to provide a commercial funding model using private investors that could build the SC Maglev (linking Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne), create 8 new self-sustaining inland cities linked to the high speed connection, and contribute to the community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afr.com/brand/rear-window/general-electric-japan-rail-and-mitsui-all-aboard-highspeed-rail-proposal-20160512-gotq5d|title=General Electric, Japan Rail and Mitsui all aboard high-speed rail proposal|date=2016-05-12|website=Financial Review|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clara.com.au|title=Consolidated Land and Rail Australia Pty Ltd|website=www.clara.com.au|access-date=2016-06-22}}</ref>

== Vehicles ==
[[File:ML100 RTRI 20151010.JPG|thumb|ML100 preserved at the RTRI facility in Kokubunji, Tokyo, October 2015]]
[[File:ML500 RTRI 20151010.JPG|thumb|ML500 1979 world speed record holder of {{Convert|517|km/h|abbr=on}} preserved at the RTRI facility in Kokubunji, Tokyo, October 2015. Similar model burned after a fire at Kyushu Test Track in 1979, leading to redesign as MLU series vehicles]]
[[File:MLU 001 dendoujisyaku.JPG|thumb|MLU001's [[superconducting magnet]] and a liquid helium tank on top of it]]
[[File:JR MLX01-1 001.jpg|thumb|JR–Maglev MLX01-1 at [[SCMaglev and Railway Park]], Nagoya, April 2013]]
[[File:MLX01-3 RTRI 20151010.JPG|thumb|MLX01-3 preserved at the RTRI facility in Kokubunji, Tokyo, October 2015]]
* 1972 – LSM200
* 1972 – ML100
* 1975 – ML100A
* 1977 – ML500
* 1979 – ML500R (remodeled ML500)
* 1980 – MLU001
* 1987 – MLU002
* 1993 – MLU002N
* 1995 – MLX01 (MLX01-1, 11, 2)
* 1997 – MLX01 (MLX01-3, 21, 12, 4)
* 2002 – MLX01 (MLX01-901, 22)
* 2009 – MLX01 (MLX01-901A, 22A: remodeled 901 and 22)
* 2013 – [[L0 Series Shinkansen]]
* 2020 – Revised [[L0 Series Shinkansen]]

{| class="wikitable"
!No.!!Type!!Note!!Built
|-
|MLX01-1||Kōfu-end car with double-cusp head||Displayed at the [[SCMaglev and Railway Park]]||rowspan="3"|1995
|-
|MLX01-11||Standard intermediate car||
|-
|MLX01-2||Tokyo-end car with aero-wedge head||
|-
|MLX01-3||Kōfu-end car with aero-wedge head||Displayed at the [[Railway Technical Research Institute]]||rowspan="4"|1997
|-
|MLX01-21||Long intermediate car||
|-
|MLX01-12||Standard intermediate car||
|-
|MLX01-4||Tokyo-end car with double-cusp head||
|-
|MLX01-901A||Kōfu-end car with long head||Remodeled and renamed from MLX01-901 in 2009||rowspan="2"|2002
|-
|MLX01-22A||Long intermediate car||Remodeled and renamed from MLX01-22 in 2009
|}

==Records==

===Manned records===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Speed [km/h (mph)] !! Train !! Type!! Location !! Date !! Comments
|-
|| {{Convert|60|km/h|0|abbr=values}} || ML100 || Maglev || RTRI of JNR || 1972 ||
|-
|| {{Convert|400.8|km/h|abbr=values}} || MLU001 || Maglev || [[Miyazaki Prefecture|Miyazaki]] Maglev Test Track || February 1987 || Two-car train set. Former [[Land speed record for rail vehicles|world speed record for maglev trains]].
|-
|| {{Convert|394.3|km/h|abbr=values}} || MLU002 || Maglev || Miyazaki Maglev Test Track || November 1989 || Single-car
|-
|| {{Convert|411|km/h|0|abbr=values}} || MLU002N || Maglev || Miyazaki Maglev Test Track || February 1995 || Single-car
|-
|| {{Convert|531|km/h|0|abbr=values}} || MLX01 || Maglev || [[Yamanashi Prefecture|Yamanashi]] Maglev Test Line, Japan || 12 December 1997 || Three-car train set. Former world speed record for maglev trains.
|-
|| {{Convert|552|km/h|0|abbr=values}} || MLX01 || Maglev || Yamanashi Maglev Test Line || 14 April 1999 || Five-car train set. Former world speed record for maglev trains.
|-
|| {{Convert|581|km/h|0|abbr=values}} || MLX01 || Maglev || Yamanashi Maglev Test Line || 2 December 2003 || Three-car train set. Former world speed record for all trains.
|-
|| {{Convert|590|km/h|0|abbr=values}} || [[L0 series]] || Maglev || Yamanashi Maglev Test Line || 16 April 2015 || Seven-car train set.<ref name="sankei20150416">{{cite web|url= http://www.sankei.com/economy/news/150416/ecn1504160038-n1.html|script-title= ja: リニアが世界最速５９０キロ　長距離走行記録も更新|trans-title= Maglev sets new world record of 590 km/h - Also sets new distance record|date= 16 April 2015|work= Sankei News|publisher= The Sankei Shimbun & Sankei Digital|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150416093721/http://www.sankei.com/economy/news/150416/ecn1504160038-n1.html|archive-date= 16 April 2015|access-date= 16 April 2015|url-status= dead}}</ref> Former world speed record for all trains.
|-
|| {{Convert|603|km/h|0|abbr=values}} || L0 series || Maglev || Yamanashi Maglev Test Line || 21 April 2015 || Seven-car train set. Current world speed record for all trains.<ref name="guardian20150421"/>
|}

===Unmanned records===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Speed [km/h (mph)] !! Train !! Type!! Location !! Date !! Comments
|-
|| {{Convert|504|km/h|1|abbr=values}} || ML-500 || Maglev || Miyazaki Maglev Test Track || 12 December 1979 ||
|-
|| {{Convert|517|km/h|1|abbr=values}} || ML-500 || Maglev || Miyazaki Maglev Test Track || 21 December 1979 ||
|-
|| {{Convert|352.4|km/h|abbr=values}} || MLU001 || Maglev || Miyazaki Maglev Test Track || January 1986 || Three-car train set
|-
|| {{Convert|405.3|km/h|abbr=values}} || MLU001 || Maglev || Miyazaki Maglev Test Track || January 1987 || Two-car train set
|-
|| {{Convert|431|km/h|1|abbr=values}} || MLU002N || Maglev || Miyazaki Maglev Test Track || February 1994 || Single-car
|-
|| {{Convert|550|km/h|1|abbr=values}} || MLX01 || Maglev || Yamanashi Maglev Test Line || 24 December 1997 || Three-car train set
|-
|| {{Convert|548|km/h|1|abbr=values}} || MLX01 || Maglev || Yamanashi Maglev Test Line || 18 March 1999 || Five-car train set
|}

===Relative passing speed records===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Speed [km/h (mph)]!! Train !! Type!! Location !! Date !! Comments
|-
|| {{Convert|966|km/h|mph|abbr=values}} || MLX01 || Maglev || Yamanashi Maglev Test Line || December 1998 || Former [[Land speed record for rail vehicles|world relative passing speed record]]
|-
|| {{Convert|1003|km/h|mph|abbr=values}} || MLX01 || Maglev || Yamanashi Maglev Test Line || November 1999 || Former world relative passing speed record
|-
|| {{Convert|1026|km/h|mph|abbr=values}} || MLX01 || Maglev || Yamanashi Maglev Test Line || 16 November 2004 || Current world relative passing speed record
|}

== See also ==
* [[MAGLEV 2000]]
* [[Transrapid]]
* [[Krauss-Maffei Transurban]] - [[Electromagnetic suspension]] technology had been transferred from [[Krauss-Maffei]].
* [[ROMAG]]
* [[Inductrack]]

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book | first=Christopher P. | last=Hood | year=2006 | title=Shinkansen – From Bullet Train to Symbol of Modern Japan | publisher= Routledge | isbn=0-415-32052-6 }}
{{Refend}}
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin|}}
* {{cite news | last=Heller | first=Arnie | title=A New Approach for Magnetically Levitating Trains—and Rockets | publisher=Science & Technology Review |date = June 1998| url=http://www.llnl.gov/str/Post.html }}
* {{Cite journal |author=Henry H. Kolm |author2=Richard D. Thornton |date=October 1973 |title=Electromagnetic Flight |journal=[[Scientific American]] |publisher=Springer Nature |volume=229 |issue=4 |pages=17–25 |author-link=Henry Kolm |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1073-17 |bibcode=1973SciAm.229d..17K }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|JR-Maglev}}
*[http://scmaglev.com/ SCMAGLEV Website]
*[http://scmaglev.jr-central-global.com/ Central Japan Railway Company SCMAGLEV Official Website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051102050249/http://www.rtri.or.jp/index.html Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI)]
*[http://www.rtri.or.jp/rd/division/rd79/yamanashi/english/maglev_frame_E.html RTRI Maglev website]
*[http://www.northeastmaglev.com The Northeast Maglev]
*[https://www.maglev.net/japanese-maglev-evolution SCMaglev trains]
*[http://www.usjmaglev.com U.S.-Japan MAGLEV]
*[https://www.maglevboard.net/en/pics/jr-maglev Project information by The International Maglev Board]

{{Shinkansen}}
{{High-speed rail experimental}}
{{Maglev}}

{{coord|35|35|N|138|56|E|region:JP_type:landmark|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:JR-Maglev}}
[[Category:Electric railways in Japan]]
[[Category:Experimental and prototype high-speed trains]]
[[Category:Land speed record rail vehicles]]
[[Category:Magnetic levitation]]
[[Category:Magnetic propulsion devices]]
[[Category:Monorails]]

Fujiyoshida

2021-12-28T22:58:12Z

202.255.28.252: /* Prefactual Public High Schools */

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Fujiyoshida
| official_name =
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|富士吉田市}}}}
| native_name_lang = ja
| settlement_type = [[Cities of Japan|City]]

| image_skyline = Fujiyoshida montage.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Fujiyoshida montage, '''Top''': [[Fuji-Q Highland]] amusement park, '''Middle above left''': Mount Fuji Radar Dome, '''Middle raw left''': Gold Torii Gate, '''Middle right''': [[Mount Fuji]] and a pagota in [[Arakurayama Sengen Park]], '''Bottom left''': Fujiyoshida Firework Festival, '''Bottom middle''': a Tree-lined road in {{ill|Kitaguchi Hongū Fuji Sengen Shrine|lt=Fuji Sengen Shrine|ja|北口本宮冨士浅間神社}}, '''Bottom right''': Yoshida Udon Noodle
| image_flag = Flag of Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi.svg
| flag_alt =
| image_seal = 山梨県富士吉田市市章.svg
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| image_blank_emblem =
| nickname =
| motto =

| image_map = Fujiyoshida in Yamanashi Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Fujiyoshida in Yamanashi Prefecture
| pushpin_map = Japan
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =  
| coordinates = {{coord|35|29|15.1|N|138|48|27.9|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 

| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = Japan
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chūbu region|Chūbu]] ([[Tōkai region|Tōkai]])
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yamanashi Prefecture]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =

| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =

| seat_type = 
| seat =

| government_footnotes = 
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Shigeru Horiuchi
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 = 

| total_type = 
| unit_pref = 

| area_magnitude = 
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = 121.74
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =

| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m =

| population_footnotes = 
| population_total = 48782
| population_as_of = May 1, 2019
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_demonym = 
| population_note =

| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +9
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =

| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =

| blank_name_sec1 = City symbols
| blank_info_sec1 =  
| blank1_name_sec1 = • Tree
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[White birch]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = • Flower
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Cherry blossom|Fujizakura]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = • Bird
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Great spotted woodpecker]]
| blank4_name_sec1 =
| blank4_info_sec1 =
| blank5_name_sec1 =
| blank5_info_sec1 =
| blank6_name_sec1 =
| blank6_info_sec1 =
| blank7_name_sec1 =
| blank7_info_sec1 =

| blank_name_sec2 = Phone number
| blank_info_sec2 = 0555-22-1111
| blank1_name_sec2 = Address
| blank1_info_sec2 = 6-1-1 Shimoyoshida, Fujiyoshida-shi, Yamanashi-ken 403-8601

| website = {{Official|1=http://www.city.fujiyoshida.yamanashi.jp/}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Fujiyoshida City hall.jpg|thumb|Fujiyoshida City Hall]]
[[File:Fujiyoshida city looking south 640.jpg|thumb|Fujiyoshida city looking south]]
{{Nihongo|'''Fujiyoshida'''|富士吉田市|Fujiyoshida-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Yamanashi Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2019|05|01}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 48,782 in 19,806 households<ref>[https://www.city.fujiyoshida.yamanashi.jp Fujiyoshida City official statistics]{{in lang|ja}}</ref> and a [[population density]] of 400 persons per km2. The total area of the city is {{convert|121.74|sqkm|sqmi}}.

==Geography==
Fujiyoshida lies at the northern base of [[Mount Fuji]], and is built upon old lava flows. It is considered a high-elevation city in Japan, at 650 to 850 metres (2,140 to 2,800 feet) above sea level. The city is also located between two of the [[Fuji Five Lakes]]. The [[Sagami River|Katsura River]] flows through the eastern part of the city.

==Neighboring municipalities==
*Yamanashi Prefecture
**[[Tsuru, Yamanashi|Tsuru]]
**[[Minamitsuru District, Yamanashi|Minamitsuru District]]: [[Nishikatsura, Yamanashi|Nishikatsura]], [[Oshino, Yamanashi|Oshino]], [[Yamanakako, Yamanashi|Yamanakako]], [[Narusawa, Yamanashi|Narusawa]], [[Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi|Fujikawaguchiko]]
*[[Shizuoka Prefecture]]
**[[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]]
**[[Suntō District, Shizuoka|Suntō District]]: [[Oyama, Shizuoka|Oyama]]

==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-yamanashi.php Fujiyoshida population statistics]</ref> the population of Fujiyoshida peaked around the year 1990 and has been in slow decline since.

{{Historical populations
| 1940 | 49,960
| 1950 | 61,882
| 1960 | 42,607
| 1970 | 50,046
| 1980 | 53,569
| 1990 | 54,804
| 2000 | 54,090
| 2010 | 50,612
|align = none
| footnote =
}}

===Climate===
The city has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa''). The average annual temperature in Fujiyoshida is {{convert|9.1|C|}}. The average annual rainfall is {{convert|1845|mm|}} with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{convert|21|C|}}, and lowest in January, at around {{convert|-2.3|C|}}.<ref>[https://en.climate-data.org/asia/japan/yamanashi/fujiyoshida-6354/ Fujiyoshida climate data]</ref>

==History==
Following the [[Meiji restoration]], the area around Fujiyoshida was organized into [[Minamitsuru District, Yamanashi]] per the cadastral reforms of July 22, 1878. With the establishment of the modern municipalities system on July 1, 1889, the villages of Mizuho, Akemi and Fukuchi were established. In 1939, Mizuho was raised to town status and renamed Shimoyoshida. Likewise, in 1947, Fukuchi was raised to town status and renamed Fujikamiyoshida and Akemi was raised to town status in 1948, retaining its original name. These three towns merged on March 20, 1951, to form the city of Fujiyoshida.

==Government==
Fujiyoshida has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city legislature of 20 members.

==Economy==
For several centuries, artisans around the Fujiyoshida area have produced high quality [[textile]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.fujiyoshida.yamanashi.jp/div/english/html/index.html|title=Fujiyoshida Welcomes You|work=Fujiyoshida City International Affairs Desk|language=en|access-date=17 January 2016}}</ref> and now the city is the center of commerce and high technology in southern Yamanashi Prefecture.

==Education==
*[[Showa University]]
*Fujiyoshida has seven public elementary schools and four public middle schools operated by the city government, and three public private high schools operated by the Yamanashi Prefectural Board of Education. The city also has one private middle school and one private high school.

=== Senior high schools ===
In Japan the public Senior High Schools are operated by the prefecture, which in this case in the Yamanashi prefecture. While not compulsory, 94% of all junior high school graduates entered high schools.<ref>http://www.mext.go.jp/english/statist/index.htm</ref> These high schools are the equivalent of grades 10 – 12 in the United States or the Fifth and Sixth form in the English system.

==== Prefectural Public High Schools ====
* Yoshida High School
* Fuji Hokuryo High School
* Hibarigaoka High School

==== Private High Schools ====
* Fuji Gakuen High School

=== Junior High Schools ===
The public Junior High Schools are operated by the City of Fujiyoshida. These schools are the equivalent of grades 6 – 9 in the United States or the First to Forth form in the English system.

==== Municipal Junior High Schools ====
* Shimoyoshida Junior High School
* Akemi Junior High School
* Yoshida Junior High School
* Fujimidai Junior High School

==== Private Junior High Schools ====
* Fuji Gakuen Junior High School

=== Primary Schools ===
The public Primary Schools are operated by the City of Fujiyoshida.
Municipal Primary Schools
* Shimoyoshida Daiichi Elementary School
* Shimoyoshida 2nd Elementary School
* Shimoyoshida Higashi Elementary School
* Akemi Elementary School
* Yoshida Elementary School
* Yoshida Nishi Elementary School
* Fuji Elementary School

==Transportation==
===Railway===
*[[File:Fuji Kyuko Q Logo.svg|20px]] [[Fuji Kyuko]] - [[Fujikyuko Line]]
** {{STN|Kotobuki}} - {{STN|Yoshiikeonsenmae}} - {{STN|Shimoyoshida}} - {{STN|Gekkōji}} - {{STN|Fujisan}}

===Highway===
*[[Image:E19 Expressway (Japan).png|24px|link=|alt=E19]] [[Chūō Expressway]]
*[[Image:E68-JP.png|24px]] [[Higashifuji-goko Road]]
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|137}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|138}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|139}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|300}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|413}}

==Sister cities==
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]], United States, since 1962
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Chamonix]]-[[Mont Blanc]], France,<ref name=International>{{cite web|url=http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=19&n=Yamanashi%20Prefecture|title=International Exchange|work=List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures|publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR)|access-date=21 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205180944/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=19&n=Yamanashi%20Prefecture|archive-date=5 February 2016}}</ref> since 1978

==Local attractions==
[[File:12-Chureito-pagoda-and-Mount-Fuji-Japan (29677439878).jpg|thumb|Iconic view of ''Chūrei-tō'' with Mt. Fuji in the background.]]
*[[Kitaguchi Hongū Fuji Sengen Jinja]], a [[Shinto shrine]] dedicated to the ''[[kami]]'' of Mount Fuji, the Kitaguchi Hongū Fuji Sengen Jinja is the historical starting point for pilgrims climbing the mountain. The main structure was originally built in 788 and underwent reconstruction in the 17th century. Additional buildings include a shrine dedicated to [[Takeda Shingen]] (1521–1573), and a red ''[[torii]]'' which is taken down and rebuilt every "Fuji Year" (60 years). The shrine has a local history museum which displays items from Fujiyoshida's past including household items, farm implements, clothing and samples of the cities' famous textiles.
*[[Fuji-Q Highland]] an [[amusement park]] with a variety of attractions suitable for adults and children.
*Mt. Fuji Visitors Center. It is home to interactive displays, videos, books and guides about Mount Fuji.
*Mt. Fuji Radar Dome Museum. A tribute to the meteorologists who built a radar research facility at the summit of Mt. Fuji, which features a room which simulates the conditions at the summit of the mountain.
*[[Arakurayama Sengen Park]] and the ''Chūrei-tō'' pagoda, built on a hilltop facing Mt. Fuji.

==Notable people from Fujiyoshida==
*[[Keiji Mutoh]], professional wrestler<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w-1.co.jp/player/mutou.php|title=Player - Keiji Muto|year=2013|work=Wrestle-1 Official Web Site|language=ja|access-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6TlAgsfqa?url=http://www.w-1.co.jp/player/mutou.php|archive-date=1 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Shun Sugata]], actor<ref>{{cite book |title=日本映画人名事典』男優編 |date=1996 |publisher=Kinema-Junpo |isbn=978-4873761886 |page=832}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Fuji Yoshida}}
*[http://www.city.fujiyoshida.yamanashi.jp/ Official Website] {{in lang|ja}}

{{Yamanashi}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Fujiyoshida| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Yamanashi Prefecture]]

Shinjuku Highway Bus Terminal

2021-12-28T05:04:25Z

202.255.28.252:

[[File:Shinjuku-Highway-Bus-Terminal.jpg|thumb|Shinjuku Highway Bus Terminal, June 2006]]
[[File:JR Shinjuku Miraina Tower-1b.JPG|thumb|JR Shinjuku Miraina Tower]]
[[File:JR Shinjuku Miraina TowerB.JPG|thumb|New Bus terminal established together with JR Shinjuku Miraina Tower, March 2016]]
{{nihongo|'''Shinjuku Highway Bus Terminal'''|新宿高速バスターミナル|Shinjuku Kōsoku-basu Tāminaru}} was a bus terminal once operated by [[Keio Bus]], in Nishishinjuku, [[Shinjuku, Tokyo]], Japan. This bus terminal has been closed and replaced with the much larger South exit dedicated Bus Terminal housing all companies under one roof, unifying ticketing systems and signage, whereas previously each company had their own terminal serving the station.<ref>[http://4travel.jp/travelogue/11133362 The west side bus terminal closed.] 4Travel</ref> The new terminal ([[Shinjuku Expressway Bus Terminal|Busta]] for short, Shinjuku Bus Terminal) is the nation's largest bus terminal.

==Outline==

The bus terminal is located on the first (ground) floor of MY Shinjuku No. 2 Building of [[Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company]], near the west exit of [[Shinjuku Station]] and in front of [[Yodobashi Camera]] Shinjuku West shop.

The bus terminal serves mainly [[Keio Corporation|Keio]] Group bus routes, such as [[Chuo Kosoku Bus|Chūō Kōsoku Bus]], including those operated jointly with other companies. The terminal facilities include ticket windows to sell bus tickets.

The bus terminal was opened in 1971.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

On April 4, 2016, the new bus terminal and commercial facilities nearby south exit has opened.<ref>[http://shinjuku-busterminal.co.jp/ Buster Shinjuku] Shinjuku-busterminal.co.jp</ref> The coaches and the airport buses started to depart from the new terminal.

==Routes==

===[[Keio Dentetsu Bus|Keio Bus]]===
*[[Chuo Kosoku Bus]]
**Fuji-Goko Line; For [[Fuji-Q Highland]], [[Kawaguchiko Station]], [[Yamanakako, Yamanashi|Yamanakako]], and Motosuko / with [[Fuji Kyuko|Fujikyu]]
**The 5th uphill{{clarify|date=January 2016}} of Mt. Fuji Line; For [[Mount Fuji]]/5th with [[Fuji Kyuko|Fujikyu]]
**Kofu Line; For [[Kōfu Station]], [[Ryūō Station]] / with [[Fujikyu|Fujikyu Yamanashi Bus]] and [[Yamanashi Kotsu]]
**[[Minami-Alps, Yamanashi|Minami-ALPS City]] /Minobu Line; For [[Minobu, Yamanashi|Minobu]], [[Kuon-ji]] / with [[Yamanashi Kotsu]]
**Chuo / Minami-ALPS Line (Minami-ALPS Eco Park Liner) For [[Tatomi, Yamanashi|Tatomi]], [[Hatta, Yamanashi|Hatta]] / with [[Yamanashi Kōtsū]]
**[[Suwa, Nagano|Suwa]] / [[Okaya, Nagano|Okaya]] Line; For Suwa, Okaya, [[Chino, Nagano|Chino]] / with [[Suwa Bus]], [[Fuji Kyuko|Fuji Express]], [[Yamanashi Kotsu]] and [[JR Bus Kanto]]
**Ina Line; For [[Ina, Nagano|Ina]], [[Komagane, Nagano|Komagane]] /with [[Fuji Kyuko|Fuji Express]], [[Ina Bus]], [[Yamanashi Kotsu]] and [[Shinnan Kotsu]]
**Iida Line; For Komagane, [[Matsukawa, Nagano (Shimoina)|Matsukawa]], [[Iida Station|Iida]]/ with [[Suwa Bus]], [[Ina Bus]] and [[Shinnan Kotsu]]
**Kisofukushima Line; For [[Kiso-Fukushima Station]] / with [[Ontake Kotsu]]
**Matsumoto Line; For [[Matsumoto Bus Terminal]] / with [[Matsumoto Electric Railway]]
**Hakuba Line; For [[Shinano-Ōmachi Station]], [[Hakuba Station]], [[Hakuba Happoone Winter Resort|Hakuba Happo]] / with [[Kawanakajima Bus]]
**HidaTakayama Line; For Hirayu, [[Takayama Station]] / with [[Nohi Bus]]
**Nagoya Line; For [[Nakatsugawa, Gifu|Nakatsugawa]], [[Sakae Station (Nagoya)|Sakae]], [[Nagoya Station]] / with [[Meitetsu Bus]]
*Nagano Line; For [[Nagano Station]], [[Zenkō-ji]] / with [[Kawanakajima Bus]]
*Osaka (Hankyu Umeda) Line; For [[Nagaokakyō, Kyoto|Nagaokakyō]], [[Senri-Chūō Station]], [[Shin-Osaka Station]], and [[Umeda Station]] / with [[Hankyu Bus]]
*Kobe/Himeji Line (Princess Road); For [[Sannomiya Station|Sannomiya]], [[Kakogawa Station|Kakogawa]], [[Himeji Station|Himeji]] / with [[Shinki Bus]]
*Sendai/Ishinomaki Line (Hirose Liner); For [[Sendai Station (Miyagi)|Sendai]], [[Ishinomaki Station]] / with [[Miyagi Transportation]]
*Mishima/Numazu Line; For [[Susono, Shizuoka|Susono]], [[Mishima Station|Mishima]], [[Numazu Station|Numazu]] / with [[Fujikyu City Bus]]
*Shizuoka Line (Shibuya/Shinjuku Liner Shizuoka); For [[Shimizu Station (Shizuoka)|Shimizu]], [[Kusanagi Station (Shizuoka Railway)|Kusanagi]], [[Shizuoka Station]] / with JR Tokai Bus
*Hamamatsu Line (Shibuya/Shinjuku Liner Hamamatsu); For [[Hamamatsu Station]] / with [[JR Tokai Bus]], [[Enshū Railway Line|Enshū Railway]]
*Toke Line; For [[Tokyo Skytree]], [[Chiba Station|Chiba]], [[Kamatori Station]], [[Honda Station]], and [[Toke Station]] / with Chiba Chuo Bus

=== Fujikyu ===
* Koshu/Enzan Line (Koshu Wine Liner) For [[Katsunuma, Yamanashi|Katsunuma]], [[Enzan, Yamanashi|Enzan]], [[Yamanashi, Yamanashi|Yamanashi]]
* Sanagmiko Line; For [[Sagamiko, Kanagawa|Sagamiko]]

=== [[Alpico Kōtsū]] ===
* Kamikochi Line (Sawayaka Shinshu); For Shi-Shimashima Station, [[Kamikōchi]]

===[[Nishi Tokyo Bus]]===
*Osaka (Abenobashi) Line (Twinkle); For [[Ibaraki Station]], [[Osaka Station]], [[Namba Station]], [[Ōsaka Abenobashi Station]] / with [[Kintetsu Bus]]
*[[Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu]]/[[Marugame]] Line (Hello Bridge); For [[Takamatsu Station (Kagawa)|Takamatsu]], [[Sakaide Station]], [[Zentsūji, Kagawa|Zentsūji]]. [[Marugame Station]] / with [[Shikoku Kousoku Bus]]
*Matsuyama Line (Orange Liner Ehime); For [[Dōgo Onsen]], [[Matsuyama City Station]], [[Iyoshi Station]], [[Yawatahama Station]] / with [[Iyo Railway]]
*Summer Land Line; For Tokyo Summer Land

===Kanto Bus===
*Tenri/Nara Line (Yamato); For [[Tenri Station]], [[Nara Station]], [[Kintetsu Nara Station]]/ with [[Nara Kotsu]]
*Tenri/Takada/Gojo Line (Yamato); For [[Tenri Station]], [[Yamato-Yagi Station]], [[Yamato-Takada Station]], [[Gose Station]], [[Oshimi Station]], [[Gojō Station (Nara)|Gojō]] / with [[Nara Kotsu]]
*Kyoto/Hirakata Line (Tokyo Midnight Express Kyoto); For [[Yamashina Station]], [[Sanjō Station (Kyoto)|Sanjō]], [[Kyoto Station]], [[Hirakatashi Station]] / with [[Keihan Bus]]
*Okayama/Kurashiki Line (Muscat); For [[Tsuyama Station|Tsuyama]], [[Okayama Station]], [[Kurashiki Station|Kurashiki]] / with [[Ryobi Bus]]
*Toyohashi Line (Shinjuku/Toyohashi Express Honokuni); For [[Toyokawa Station (Aichi)|Toyokawa]], [[Toyohashi Station|Toyohashi]], [[Mikawa Tahara Station]] / with [[Toyotetsu Bus]]

===Kintetsu Bus===
*Osaka(Abenobashi) Line (Casual Twinkle); For Ibaraki, Osaka Station, Namba, Abenobashi

===[[Nishi-Nippon Railroad|Nishitetsu]]===
*Fukuoka Line (Hakata) For [[Kokura Station]], [[Nishitetsu Fukuoka (Tenjin) Station]], [[Hakata Station]]

=== [[Kōnan Bus Company|Konan Bus]] ===
* Hirosaki/Goshogawara Line (Panda); For [[Hirosaki, Aomori|Hirosaki]], [[Goshogawara Station]]
* Hachinohe/Aomori Line (Emburi); For [[Hachinohe Station]], [[Towada, Aomori|Towada]], [[Shichinohe-Towada Station|Shichinohe-Towada]], [[Noheji Station]], [[Kominato Station]], and [[Aomori Station]]
* Aomori Line (Tsugaru); For [[Aomori Station]]

=== Kokusai Kogyo Bus ===
* Sakata Line (Yuuhi); For [[Shōnai, Yamagata|Shōnai]], [[Tsuruoka Station]], [[Amarume Station]], [[Sakata Station (Yamagata)|Sakata]] / with Shonai Kotsu
* Mutsu Line (Shimokita); For [[Hachinohe Station]], [[Misawa Station]], [[Noheji, Aomori|Noheji]], [[Yokohama, Aomori|Yokohama]], [[Shimokita Station]], [[Mutsu, Aomori|Mutsu City Office]]

=== Kaifu Kanko ===
* Tokushima Line (My Repeat, My Flora); For [[Matsushige, Tokushima|Matsushige]], [[Tokushima Station]], [[Komatsushima, Tokushima|Komatsushima]], [[Anan, Tokushima|Anan]]

==Other cities==
Bus Terminals bearing designation "Highway" are few in Japan, they are: [[:ja:福島高速バスターミナル]] (Fukushima City), [[:ja:阪急三番街高速バスターミナル]] (Hankyu Sanban), [[:ja:京王八王子高速バスターミナル]] (Keio Hachioji), [[:ja:西鉄天神高速バスターミナル]] (Nishitetsu Tenjin), [[:ja:なんば高速バスターミナル]] (Namba Osaka). Needless to say, long distance buses serve hundreds of stations without such designation.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.highwaybus.com/ highwaybus.com] {{in lang|ja}} (for expressway bus information)
* [http://highway-buses.jp/ highway-buses.jp] {{in lang|en}} (for expressway bus information)

{{coord|35|41|23.5|N|139|41|54|E|region:JP-13_type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Bus stations in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Bus stations in Japan]]

Mt. Fuji Station

2021-12-27T02:52:36Z

202.255.28.252: /* Lines */

{{short description|Railway station in Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Mt. Fuji Station
| native_name = 富士山駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| other_name =
| type =
| image = Fujisan sta.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Mt. Fuji Station in July 2011
| address = 2-5-1 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida-shi, Yamanashi-ken 403–0005
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|35|29|01|N|138|47|45|E|region:JP_type:railwaystation_source:kolossus-kowiki|display=inline, title}}
| elevation = 809 meters
| operator = [[File:Fuji Kyuko Q Logo.svg|20px]] [[Fuji Kyuko]]
| line = {{colorbull|Blue}} [[Fujikyuko Line]]
| platforms = 3 bay platforms
| tracks = 3
| distance = 23.6 km from {{STN|Ōtsuki}}
| structure =
| status = Staffed
| website = {{Official|1=http://www.fujikyu-railway.jp/station/timetable.php?no=16}}
| code = FJ16
| opened = 19 June 1929
| closed =
| former = Fuji-Yoshida (until 2011)
| passengers = 1,406 daily
| pass_year = FY2011
| map_type = Japan Yamanashi Prefecture#Japan
| map_dot_label = Fujisan Station
}}

{{nihongo|'''Mt. Fuji Station'''|富士山駅|Fujisan-eki}} is a railway station on the [[Fujikyuko Line]] in the city of [[Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi]], Japan, operated by the [[private railway]] operator [[Fuji Kyuko]] (Fujikyu).<ref name="fujikyu">{{cite web |url= http://www.fujikyu-railway.jp/forms/info/info.aspx?info_id=22393|script-title=ja:各駅のご案内|trans-title=Station information|date=30 June 2011|publisher= Fujikyuko|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 2 March 2012}}</ref> The station is located at an altitude of {{Convert|809|m|ft}}.<ref name="fujikyu" /> This is one of the gateway stations to [[Mount Fuji]] and [[Fuji Five Lakes]], including [[Lake Kawaguchi]] and [[Lake Yamanaka]].

==Lines==
Mt. Fuji Station is served by the {{convert|26.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} privately operated [[Fujikyuko Line]] from {{STN|Ōtsuki}} to {{STN|Kawaguchiko}}, and lies {{convert|23.6|km|mi}} from the [[terminal station|terminus]] of the line at Ōtsuki Station.<ref name="terada2013"/>

==Station layout==
[[File:Fujiyoshida Station-Platform-20101024.jpg|thumb|View of the platforms, with platform 1 on the left, October 2010]]
The station is a [[terminal station|terminus station]] where trains reverse en route between Ōtsuki and Kawaguchiko, this means for through trains heading towards either destinations, the driver is required to change ends to head back out before diverging onto the appropriate route. It consists of three [[bay platform]]s.<ref name="fujikyu"/> It has waiting rooms and toilet facilities.<ref name="fujikyu"/> The station is staffed.

===Platforms===
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=1|first=2|name=Fujikyuko Line|col=Blue|dir= (not used)}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=2|nidx=Fujikyuko Line|col=Blue|dir=for {{STN|Kawaguchiko}}}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=3|first=3|nidx=Fujikyuko Line|col=Blue|dir=for {{STN|Ōtsuki}}}}

==Adjacent stations==
{{j-railservice start}}
{{j-route|route=Fujikyuko Line|col=Blue|f=w}}
{{j-rserv|service=''[[Fuji Excursion]]''|col=blue|previous={{STN|Shimoyoshida}}|next={{STN|Fujikyu-Highland}}}}
{{j-rserv|service=''Fujisan Tokkyū''|previous=Shimoyoshida|next=Fujikyu-Highland}}
{{j-rserv|service=''Fuji Tozan Densha''|previous=Shimoyoshida|next=Fujikyu-Highland}}
{{j-rserv|service=Local|previous={{STN|Gekkōji}}|next=Fujikyu-Highland}}
{{s-end}}

==History==
The station opened on 19 June 1929 as {{Nihongo|'''Fuji-Yoshida Station'''|富士吉田駅}}.<ref name="terada2013">{{cite book | last = Terada | first = Hirokazu |script-title=ja: データブック日本の私鉄 |trans-title=Databook: Japan's Private Railways | publisher = Neko Publishing | date = 19 January 2013 | location = Japan |language= ja | page = 239 | isbn = 978-4-7770-1336-4}}</ref> It was renamed on 1 July 2011, following renovations overseen by industrial designer [[Eiji Mitooka]].<ref name="fujikyu"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2011/07/02/006/index.html|script-title=ja:水戸岡鋭治氏、次は富士吉田の市街地をリニューアル!? – 富士山駅誕生式典|trans-title=Fujisan Station Opening Ceremony – Eiji Mitooka: Next plan is to renovate the town of Fujiyoshida? |date= 2 July 2011|work= Mynavi News|publisher= Mynavi Corporation|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 22 August 2012}}</ref>

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2011, the station was used by an average of 1,406 passengers daily.<ref name="terada2013"/>

==Surrounding area==
* Hibarigaoka High School
* Yoshida Junior High School
* Yoshida Elementary School
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|137}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|139}}

==Bus services==

=== Long-distance services ===
* [[Chūō Kōsoku Bus]]; For [[Shinjuku Station]]<ref name="HighwayBuses">{{cite web |url= http://bus.fujikyu.co.jp/highway/fujisan|script-title=ja:富士山を発着する高速バス – 富士急行バス|trans-title=Highwaybuses from Fujisan – Fuji Kyuko Bus |location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 15 January 2016}}</ref>
* For [[Tokyo Station]]<ref name="HighwayBuses"/>
* For [[Shibuya Station]] ([[Shibuya Mark City]])<ref name="HighwayBuses"/>
* [[Chūō Kōsoku Bus]]; For [[Seiseki-sakuragaoka Station]], [[Tama-Center Station]], and [[Minami-ōsawa Station]]<ref name="HighwayBuses"/>
* For [[Ikebukuro Station]], [[Kawagoe Station]], and [[Ōmiya Station (Saitama)|Ōmiya Station]]<ref name="HighwayBuses"/>
* Airport Limousine; For [[Shinagawa Station]] and [[Haneda Airport]]<ref name="HighwayBuses"/>
* Airport Limousine; For [[Akihabara Station]] and [[Narita International Airport]]<ref name="HighwayBuses" />
* Resort Express; For [[Nagoya Station]]<ref name="HighwayBuses"/>
* For [[Nyūkawa, Gifu|Nyūkawa]] and [[Takayama Station]]<ref name="HighwayBuses" />
* For [[Fukui Station (Fukui)]], [[Komatsu Station]] and [[Kanazawa Station]]<ref name="HighwayBuses" />
* Fujiyama Liner; For [[Kyoto Station]], [[Osaka Station]], [[Namba Station]] ([[Osaka City Air Terminal|OCAT]]), and [[Ōsaka Abenobashi Station]]<ref name="HighwayBuses"/>
* Hakata-Fujiyama Express; For [[Kokura Station]], [[Nishitetsu Fukuoka (Tenjin) Station|Nishitetsu Fukuoka Station]] (Tenjin), and [[Hakata Station]]<ref name="HighwayBuses"/>

=== Local routes ===
* For [[Mount Fuji]] 5th stage<ref>[http://bus-en.fujikyu.co.jp/route/detail/id/14/ Fujikyuko Bus "M" Line]</ref>
* For [[Gotemba Station]] and [[Gotemba Premium Outlets]] via Oshino and [[Lake Yamanaka]]<ref>[http://bus-en.fujikyu.co.jp/route/detail/id/1/ Fujikyuko Bus "A","C" Line]</ref>
* For [[Shin-Fuji Station (Shizuoka)|Shin-Fuji Station]] ([[Tokaido Shinkansen]]) via [[Lake Motosu]] and [[Fujinomiya Station]]<ref>[http://bus-en.fujikyu.co.jp/route/detail/id/7/ Fujikyuko Bus "S" Line]</ref>
* For [[Kofu Station]] via [[Isawa-onsen Station]]<ref>[http://bus-en.fujikyu.co.jp/route/detail/id/8/ Fujikyuko Bus "K" Line]</ref>
* For [[Kawaguchiko Station]] via [[Fuji-Q Highland]]<ref>[http://bus-en.fujikyu.co.jp/ Fujikyuko Bus Website]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.fujikyu-railway.jp/station/timetable.php?no=12 Fujikyu station information]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130406115536/http://transportation.fujikyu.co.jp/english/gettingaround/28.html Mt. Fuji Bus Access (Fujikyu Bus)]

{{Fujikyuko Line}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Yamanashi Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1929]]
[[Category:Stations of Fuji Kyuko]]
[[Category:Fujiyoshida]]

Keiyō Line

2021-12-22T07:49:55Z

202.255.28.252: /* History */

{{short description|Railway line in Japan}}
{{distinguish|text=the [[Keiō Line]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Keiyō Line
| native_name = 京葉線
| native_name_lang = ja
| color = DC143C 
| logo = {{JRLS|JE|size=25}}
| logo_width =
| image = Series-E233-5000-502F.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = A Keiyō Line [[E233 series#E233-5000 series|E233-5000 series]] EMU in May 2018
| type = [[Commuter rail]]
| system =
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Tokyo]], [[Chiba Prefecture]]
| start = {{STN|Tokyo}}
| end = {{STN|Soga}}
| stations = 18
| routes =
| daily_ridership = 714,053 (Daily 2015)<ref name =ridership>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001179760.pdf|title=平成27年大都市交通センサス首都圏報告書 |website=P.92|publisher=国土交通省}}</ref>
| open = 1975
| close =
| owner = [[JR East]]
| operator = [[File:JR logo (east).svg|23px]] [[JR East]]
| character = Underground, at-grade, elevated
| depot = Narashino
| stock = [[E233-5000 series]], [[209-500 series]]
| linelength = {{convert|43|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
| electrification = 1,500 V DC [[overhead catenary]]
| speed = 100 km/h (62 mph)
| elevation =
| map = [[File:JR Keiyo Line linemap.svg|250px]]
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The {{nihongo|'''Keiyō Line'''|京葉線|Keiyō-sen}} is a railway line connecting [[Tokyo]] and [[Chiba (city)|Chiba]] in Japan, paralleling the edge of [[Tokyo Bay]]. It is operated by the [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East). The line forms part of what JR East refers to as the {{Nihongo|"Tokyo Mega Loop"|東京メガループ}} around Tokyo, consisting of the Keiyō Line, [[Musashino Line]], [[Nambu Line]], and [[Yokohama Line]].<ref name="dj364">{{cite magazine|last =Saka |first = Masayuki |script-title=ja:東京メガループ車両・路線の沿革と現況 |trans-title=Tokyo Megaloop: History and current situation of trains and line |magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine |volume = 43|issue = 364 |pages=28–39 |publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun |location = Japan |language= ja |date = August 2014}}</ref> It provides the main rail access to the [[Tokyo Disney Resort]] and the [[Makuhari Messe]] [[Exhibition hall|exhibition center]]. The terminus at [[Tokyo Station]] is located underground, some distance to the south of the main station complex approximately halfway to [[Yūrakuchō Station]]. This means transferring between other lines at Tokyo Station can take between 15 and 20 minutes. The name "Keiyō" is derived from the second character of the names of the locations linked by the line, {{nihongo|Tokyo|東'''京'''}} and {{nihongo|Chiba|千'''葉'''}}. It should not be confused with the [[Keiō Line]], a privately operated commuter line in western Tokyo.

==Services==
[[File:KeiyoLineStations.png|thumb|Map of the Keiyō Line and surrounding JR lines]]
*{{Color box|DodgerBlue}} Keiyō Line "Local" (各駅停車 ''kakueki-teisha'')trains stop at all stations between Tokyo and Soga except Nishi-Funabashi.
*{{Color box|OrangeRed}} [[Musashino Line]] <nowiki>''</nowiki>Local<nowiki>''</nowiki> through trains stop at all stations between Tokyo and Nishi-Funabashi before continuing to the Musashino Line. Some trains stop at Nishi-Funabashi, Minami-Funabashi, Shin-Narashino, and Kaihimmakuhari.
*{{Color box|MediumSeaGreen}} Keiyō Line "Rapid" (快速 ''kaisoku'') trains stop at Tokyo, Hatchōbori, Shin-Kiba, Maihama, Shin-Urayasu, Minami-Funabashi, Kaihimmakuhari, and all stops to Soga.
*{{Color box|Crimson}} {{nihongo|Commuter rapid service|通勤快速|tsūkin-kaisoku}} trains stop at Tokyo, Hatchōbori, Shin-Kiba, and Soga.

== Station list ==
* All trains (except limited express services) stop at stations marked "●" and pass those marked "｜". Trains do not travel past those stations marked "∥".
* For the ''[[Wakashio]]'' and ''[[Sazanami (train)|Sazanami]]'' limited express services, see their respective articles.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="2" |No.
!rowspan="2" |Station
!rowspan="2" |Japanese
!colspan="2" |Distance (km)
!colspan="3" |Keiyō Line
!colspan="2" |Musashino Line (thru)
!rowspan="2" |Transfers
!rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Location
|-
!Between stations
!Total
!style="background:DodgerBlue;"|Local
!style="background:MediumSeaGreen;"|Rapid
!style="background:Crimson;"|Comm. Rapid
!style="background:#fd9;"|Musashino-Chiba
!style="background:#fd9;"|Musashino-Tokyo
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|01|tlc=TYO|size=40}}
|{{STN|Tokyo}}
|東京
|style="text-align:right;"| -
|style="text-align:right;"|0.0
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|●
|rowspan="9"| 
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|{{Plainlist|
* [[Tohoku Shinkansen]]
* [[Joetsu Shinkansen]]
* [[Hokuriku Shinkansen]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]] (JY01, {{STN|Yūrakuchō}}: JY30)
* {{JRLS|JK}} [[Keihin-Tōhoku Line]] (JK26, Yūrakuchō: JK25)
* {{JRLS|JC}} [[Chūō Line (Rapid)|Chūō Line]] (JC01)
* {{JRLS|JT}} [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] (JT01)
* {{JRLS|JU}} [[Ueno–Tokyo Line]] (JU01)
* {{JRLS|JO}} [[Sōbu Line (Rapid)]] (JO19)
* {{JRLS|JO}} [[Yokosuka Line]] (JO19)
* [[Tokaido Shinkansen]]
* {{TSLS|M}} [[Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line]] (M-17)
* {{TSLS|C}} [[Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line]] ({{STN|Nijubashimae}}: C-10)
* {{TSLS|I}} [[Toei Mita Line]] ({{STN|Hibiya}}: I-08)
}}
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|[[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]]
|rowspan="6" |[[Tokyo]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|02|size=40}}
|{{STN|Hatchōbori|Tokyo}}
|八丁堀
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
|{{TSLS|H}} [[Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line]] (H-12)
|[[Chūō, Tokyo|Chūō]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|03|size=40}}
|{{STN|Etchūjima}}
|越中島
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|2.8
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|rowspan="3"|[[Kōtō]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|04|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shiomi|Tokyo}}
|潮見
|style="text-align:right;"|2.6
|style="text-align:right;"|5.4
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|05|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shin-Kiba}}
|新木場
|style="text-align:right;"|2.0
|style="text-align:right;"|7.4
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{RKLS}} [[Rinkai Line]] (R 01)
* {{TSLS|Y}} [[Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line]] (Y-24)
}}
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|06|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kasai-Rinkai Park}}
|葛西臨海公園
|style="text-align:right;"|3.2
|style="text-align:right;"|10.6
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|[[Edogawa, Tokyo|Edogawa]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|07|size=40}}
|{{STN|Maihama}}
|舞浜
|style="text-align:right;"|2.1
|style="text-align:right;"|12.7
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
|[[Disney Resort Line]] ({{STN|Resort Gateway}})
|rowspan="2"|[[Urayasu]]
|rowspan="13"|[[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|08|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shin-Urayasu}}
|新浦安
|style="text-align:right;"|3.4
|style="text-align:right;"|16.1
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|09|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ichikawashiohama}}
|市川塩浜
|style="text-align:right;"|2.1
|style="text-align:right;"|18.2
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|[[Ichikawa, Chiba|Ichikawa]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JM|10|size=40}}
|style="border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|{{STN|Nishi-Funabashi}}
|style="border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|西船橋
|style="text-align:right; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|5.9
|style="text-align:right; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|24.1
|style="text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|∥ <ref group="*">Keiyō trains between Tokyo and Soga do not pass through Nishi-Funabashi.</ref>
|style="text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|∥
|style="text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|∥
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|●
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|●
|style="border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JM}} [[Musashino Line]] (through service)
* {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]] (JB30)
* {{TSLS|T}} [[Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line]] (T-23)
* {{TRR}} [[Tōyō Rapid Railway Line]] (TR01)
}}
|style="border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|[[Funabashi, Chiba|Funabashi]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|10|size=40}}
|{{STN|Futamatashimmachi}}
|二俣新町
|style="text-align:right;"|4.4
|style="text-align:right;"|22.6
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="text-align:center;"|∥ <ref group="*">Musashino Line trains do not pass through Futamatashimmachi.</ref>
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="9"|
|''Distance is from Ichikawashiohama''
|Ichikawa
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|11|size=40}}
|{{STN|Minami-Funabashi}}
|南船橋
|style="text-align:right;"|3.4
|style="text-align:right;"|26.0
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
|''Distance between Nishi-Funabashi and Minami-Funabashi is 5.4 km''
|Funabashi
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|12|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shin-Narashino}}
|新習志野
|style="text-align:right;"|2.3
|style="text-align:right;"|28.3
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|[[Narashino]]
|-
|align="center"|
|''{{STN|Makuharitoyosuna}}
|''幕張豊砂''
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|30.0
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|
|''New station scheduled to open in spring 2023.<ref name="new_station_plan">{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.chiba.lg.jp/kigyou/kensetsu/shin-eki/h28/kihontyousakekka.html|script-title=ja:幕張新都心拡大地区新駅設置に係る基本調査結果の概要について|publisher=Chiba Prefectural Government|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="new_station_jr_pr1">{{cite web|url=https://www.jreast.co.jp/chiba/news/pdf/pre2010_makusin.pdf|script-title=ja:幕張新都心拡大地区新駅の事業進捗について|date=30 October 2020}}</ref>''
|rowspan="4"|[[Mihama-ku]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|13|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kaihimmakuhari}}
|海浜幕張
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|31.7
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|14|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kemigawahama}}
|検見川浜
|style="text-align:right;"|2.0
|style="text-align:right;"|33.7
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|rowspan="4"| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|15|size=40}}
|{{STN|Inagekaigan}}
|稲毛海岸
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|35.3
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|16|size=40}}
|{{STN|Chibaminato}}
|千葉みなと
|style="text-align:right;"|3.7
|style="text-align:right;"|39.0
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|[[Chiba Urban Monorail]]: Line 1
|rowspan="2"|[[Chūō-ku, Chiba]]
|-
|
|{{STN|Soga}}
|蘇我
|style="text-align:right;"|4.0
|style="text-align:right;"|43.0
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|DeepSkyBlue}} [[Uchibō Line]]
* {{Colorbull|OrangeRed}} [[Sotobō Line]] (some through services to each)<ref group="*">Some local and rapid, and all Commuter Rapid trains, run through to the Uchibō Line (mainly to {{STN|Kimitsu}} or {{STN|Kazusa-Minato}}) or the Sotobō Line (mainly {{STN|Kazusa-Ichinomiya}}, {{STN|Katsuura}}, and via the [[Tōgane Line]] to {{STN|Narutō}}).</ref>
}}
|}
{{reflist|group=*}}

===New station development plan===
A new station between [[Shin-Narashino Station]] and [[Kaihimmakuhari Station]] is under construction and scheduled to open in [[Spring (season)|spring]] of 2023.<ref name="new_station_plan"/><ref name="new_station_jr_pr1"/>

==Rolling stock==
All Keiyō Line and Musashino Line rolling stock is based at the Keiyō Rolling Stock Center near [[Shin-Narashino Station]].

=== Keiyō Line ===
*'''[[209 series#209-500 series|209-500 series]]''' 10-car EMUs (magenta stripe) (since October 2008)
*'''[[E233 series#E233-5000 series|E233-5000 series]]''' 10-car EMUs (magenta stripe) (since 1 July 2010)<ref name="hobidas20100701">{{Cite web| title = E233系5000番代営業運転開始 (E233-5000 series enters revenue service)| work = Hobidas| publisher = Neko Publishing| date = 1 July 2010| url = http://rail.hobidas.com/rmn/archives/2010/07/jre2335000_3.html| language = ja| access-date = 24 March 2014}}</ref>

=== Musashino Line through services ===
{{Main|Musashino Line#Rolling stock}}
*'''209-500 series''' 8-car EMUs (orange/brown stripe) (since 4 December 2010)<ref name="jrr2013_summer">{{cite book |title = JR電車編成表 2013夏 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations - Summer 2013| publisher = JRR| date = May 2013| location = Japan| page = 47| isbn = 978-4-330-37313-3}}</ref>
*'''[[E231 series#E231-0 series|E231-0 series]]''' 8-car EMUs (orange/brown stripe) (since November 2017)
*'''[[E231 series#E231-900 series|E231-900 series]]''' 8-car EMU (orange/brown stripe) (since 20 July 2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://train-fan.com/e231-900-mu1/|title=【元209系】E231系900番台試作車・MU1編成として武蔵野線で"再出発"|trans-title=[Former 209 series] E231-900 series prototype train restarts on Musashino Line as MU1|date=20 July 2020}}</ref>

<gallery class=center>
File:Series209-500-Keiyo-Line.jpg|A Keiyo Line 209-500 series 10-car EMU
File:Series-E233-5000 520F.jpg|A Keiyo Line E233-5000 series 10-car EMU
File:Series 209-500-M71.jpg|A Musashino Line 209-500 series 8-car EMU
File:Series-E231-0-MU4F.jpg|A Musashino Line E231-0 series 8-car EMU
File:JR East E231-900 Series Keyo MU1.jpg|A Musashino Line E231-900 series 8-car EMU
</gallery>

==Former rolling stock==
=== Keiyō Line ===
*'''[[103 series]]''' 4/6/10-car EMUs (sky blue livery) (from 1986 until November 2005)
*'''[[165 series]]''' 3-car EMU (x1) ''Shuttle Maihama'' (from 1990 until 1995)
*'''[[201 series]]''' 10-car EMUs (sky blue livery) (from August 2000 until 20 June 2011)<ref name="railfan20110621">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2011/06/21/090000.html|script-title=ja:京葉線の201系が定期運用を終える|trans-title= Keiyō Line 201 series withdrawn from regular service|date= 21 June 2011|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 21 June 2011}}</ref>
*'''[[205 series#205-0 series|205-0 series]]''' 10-car EMUs (magenta stripe) (from March 1990 until 2011)
*'''[[E331 series]]''' 14-car EMU (x1) (magenta stripe) (from March 2007 until 2011)<ref name="rmnews20140327">{{cite web |url= http://rail.hobidas.com/rmn/archives/2014/03/jre331ak1.html|title= E331系AK1編成長野へ配給|trans-title= E331 series set AK1 moved to Nagano|date= 27 March 2014|work= RM News|publisher= Neko Publishing Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140327073919/http://rail.hobidas.com/rmn/archives/2014/03/jre331ak1.html|archive-date= 27 March 2014|access-date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>

=== Musashino Line through services ===
Inter-running from the Musashino Line to the Keiyō Line commenced on 1 December 1988.<ref name="JRfutabasha2013">{{cite book |script-title=ja: 首都圏鉄道完全ガイド主要JR路線編 |trans-title=Tokyo Area Complete Railway Guide - Major JR Lines |publisher = Futabasha |date = 6 December 2013 |location = Japan |pages = 87–97 |isbn = 978-4-575-45414-7}}</ref>

*'''103 series''' 6-car (later 8-car) EMUs (orange livery) (from 1 December 1988 - 8 December 2005)
*'''201 series''' 6-car EMUs (orange livery) (from 1 December 1988 - November 1996)
*'''205-0 series''' 8-car EMUs (orange/brown stripe) (from December 1991 - October 2019)
*'''[[205 series#205-5000 series|205-5000 series]]''' 8-car EMUs (orange/brown stripe) (from 2002 - 19 October 2020)

<gallery class=center>
File:L25 Tc103-574 640.jpg|A Keiyo Line 103 series EMU
File:JRE-EC165-Shuttle-Maihama.jpg| A 165 series ''Shuttle Maihama'' EMU set, March 1990
File:201kei keiyou line.JPG|A Keiyo Line 201 series EMU, July 2010
File:Keiyo-205.jpg|A Keiyo Line 205 series EMU, April 2004
File:JREast-E331.jpg|The Keiyo Line E331 series EMU, July 2006
File:103 set E34 Musashino Line Nishi-Kokubunji 20010808.jpg|A Musashino Line 103 series EMU, August 2001
File:Series205-0-M64.jpg|A Musashino Line 205-0 series EMU
File:Series 205-5000-M16.jpg|A Musashino Line 205-5000 series EMU
</gallery>

===Timeline===
{{Keiyō Line graphical template}}

==History==
The Keiyo Line was initially planned as a freight-only line. Its first section opened on 10 May 1975 as a 6.5 km link between the Chiba Freight Terminal (now the Mihama New Port Resort between Inagekaigan and Chibaminato Stations) and the freight yard next to [[Soga Station]].<ref name="teishajo1998">{{cite book |title = 停車場変遷大辞典国鉄・JR編 |trans-title= Station Transition Directory - JNR/JR|publisher = JTB| editor1-last = Ishino| editor1-first = Tetsu| year = 1998 |location = Japan| volume = I|page = 211 |isbn = 4-533-02980-9}}</ref> Passenger service began on 3 March 1986 between {{STN|Minami-Funabashi}} and {{STN|Chibaminato}}, and was extended eastward to Soga and westward to Shin-Kiba on 1 December 1988.<ref name="teishajo1998"/>

The final section of the Keiyo Line between Tokyo and Shin-Kiba opened on 10 March 1990.<ref name="teishajo1998"/> The platforms at Tokyo Station were originally built to accommodate the [[Narita Shinkansen]], a planned (but never built) high-speed rail line between central Tokyo and [[Narita International Airport]].<ref>{{cite news|title=東京駅の京葉線、なぜ遠い？近道は有楽町成田新幹線構想を再利用|trans-title=Why is Keiyo Line so far away at Tokyo Station? |url=http://www.nikkei.com/paper/article/?ng=DGKDZO66297530T00C14A2L83000|access-date=4 February 2014|newspaper=Nikkei Shimbun|date=4 February 2014}} {{registration required}}</ref>

Planners originally envisioned the Keiyo Line interfacing with the [[Rinkai Line]] at Shin-Kiba, thus providing a through rail connection between Chiba and the [[Tokyo Freight Terminal]] in eastern [[Shinagawa]], and also completing the outer loop for freight trains around Tokyo formed by the [[Musashino Line]]. This original plan would also allow through service with the [[Tokaido Main Line]], allowing freight trains from central and western Japan to reach Chiba and points east.

However, in the 1990s, as the artificial island of [[Odaiba]] began developing as a commercial and tourist area in the middle of the Rinkai Line route, the Rinkai Line was re-purposed for use as a passenger line. While there is a through connection between the Rinkai Line and the Keiyo Line, it is only used by passenger trains in charter service, usually carrying groups to the [[Tokyo Disney Resort]].

===Timeline===

* 3 March 1986: First stage opened between {{STN|Minami-Funabashi}} and {{STN|Chibaminato}}.<ref name="railfan652">{{cite magazine|last = Kubo |first =Satoshi |script-title=ja: 東京駅開業100周年-5 京葉線ターミナル|trans-title= Tokyo Station 100th Anniversary (5) Keiyo Line Terminal|magazine=[[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |volume = 55|issue = 652 |page =105 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = ja |date = August 2015}}</ref>
* 1 December 1988: Second stage opened between {{STN|Shin-Kiba}} and Minami-Funabashi, and between {{STN|Ichikawa-Shiohama||Ichikawashiohama}} and {{STN|Nishi-Funabashi}}.<ref name="railfan652"/>
* 10 March 1990: Third stage opened between {{STN|Tokyo}} & Shin-Kiba;<ref name="railfan652"/> and the new Keiyo Line train, the [[205 series]], was also introduced to the public.
* 16 March 1991: ''[[Sazanami (train)|Sazanami]]'' and ''[[Wakashio]]'' limited express services are rerouted via the Keiyo Line.<ref name="railfan652"/>
* 2 July 1993: [[255 series]] EMUs are introduced on ''View Sazanami'' and ''View Wakashio'' limited express services.<ref name="railfan652"/>
* 16 October 2004: [[E257-500 series]] EMUs are introduced on ''Sazanami'' and ''Wakashio'' limited express services.<ref name="railfan652"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/result.aspx?mode=2&rosen=25=1=%E4%BA%AC%E8%91%89%E7%B7%9A Stations of the Keiyō Line] (JR East) {{in lang|ja}}

{{Tokyo transit}}
{{East Japan Railway Company Lines}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keiyo Line}}
[[Category:Keiyō Line| ]]
[[Category:Lines of East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Chiba Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Tokyo]]
[[Category:1067 mm gauge railways in Japan]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1975]]

Keiyō Line

2021-12-22T07:36:48Z

202.255.28.252:

{{short description|Railway line in Japan}}
{{distinguish|text=the [[Keiō Line]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Keiyō Line
| native_name = 京葉線
| native_name_lang = ja
| color = DC143C 
| logo = {{JRLS|JE|size=25}}
| logo_width =
| image = Series-E233-5000-502F.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = A Keiyō Line [[E233 series#E233-5000 series|E233-5000 series]] EMU in May 2018
| type = [[Commuter rail]]
| system =
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Tokyo]], [[Chiba Prefecture]]
| start = {{STN|Tokyo}}
| end = {{STN|Soga}}
| stations = 18
| routes =
| daily_ridership = 714,053 (Daily 2015)<ref name =ridership>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001179760.pdf|title=平成27年大都市交通センサス首都圏報告書 |website=P.92|publisher=国土交通省}}</ref>
| open = 1975
| close =
| owner = [[JR East]]
| operator = [[File:JR logo (east).svg|23px]] [[JR East]]
| character = Underground, at-grade, elevated
| depot = Narashino
| stock = [[E233-5000 series]], [[209-500 series]]
| linelength = {{convert|43|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
| electrification = 1,500 V DC [[overhead catenary]]
| speed = 100 km/h (62 mph)
| elevation =
| map = [[File:JR Keiyo Line linemap.svg|250px]]
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The {{nihongo|'''Keiyō Line'''|京葉線|Keiyō-sen}} is a railway line connecting [[Tokyo]] and [[Chiba (city)|Chiba]] in Japan, paralleling the edge of [[Tokyo Bay]]. It is operated by the [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East). The line forms part of what JR East refers to as the {{Nihongo|"Tokyo Mega Loop"|東京メガループ}} around Tokyo, consisting of the Keiyō Line, [[Musashino Line]], [[Nambu Line]], and [[Yokohama Line]].<ref name="dj364">{{cite magazine|last =Saka |first = Masayuki |script-title=ja:東京メガループ車両・路線の沿革と現況 |trans-title=Tokyo Megaloop: History and current situation of trains and line |magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine |volume = 43|issue = 364 |pages=28–39 |publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun |location = Japan |language= ja |date = August 2014}}</ref> It provides the main rail access to the [[Tokyo Disney Resort]] and the [[Makuhari Messe]] [[Exhibition hall|exhibition center]]. The terminus at [[Tokyo Station]] is located underground, some distance to the south of the main station complex approximately halfway to [[Yūrakuchō Station]]. This means transferring between other lines at Tokyo Station can take between 15 and 20 minutes. The name "Keiyō" is derived from the second character of the names of the locations linked by the line, {{nihongo|Tokyo|東'''京'''}} and {{nihongo|Chiba|千'''葉'''}}. It should not be confused with the [[Keiō Line]], a privately operated commuter line in western Tokyo.

==Services==
[[File:KeiyoLineStations.png|thumb|Map of the Keiyō Line and surrounding JR lines]]
*{{Color box|DodgerBlue}} Keiyō Line "Local" (各駅停車 ''kakueki-teisha'')trains stop at all stations between Tokyo and Soga except Nishi-Funabashi.
*{{Color box|OrangeRed}} [[Musashino Line]] <nowiki>''</nowiki>Local<nowiki>''</nowiki> through trains stop at all stations between Tokyo and Nishi-Funabashi before continuing to the Musashino Line. Some trains stop at Nishi-Funabashi, Minami-Funabashi, Shin-Narashino, and Kaihimmakuhari.
*{{Color box|MediumSeaGreen}} Keiyō Line "Rapid" (快速 ''kaisoku'') trains stop at Tokyo, Hatchōbori, Shin-Kiba, Maihama, Shin-Urayasu, Minami-Funabashi, Kaihimmakuhari, and all stops to Soga.
*{{Color box|Crimson}} {{nihongo|Commuter rapid service|通勤快速|tsūkin-kaisoku}} trains stop at Tokyo, Hatchōbori, Shin-Kiba, and Soga.

== Station list ==
* All trains (except limited express services) stop at stations marked "●" and pass those marked "｜". Trains do not travel past those stations marked "∥".
* For the ''[[Wakashio]]'' and ''[[Sazanami (train)|Sazanami]]'' limited express services, see their respective articles.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="2" |No.
!rowspan="2" |Station
!rowspan="2" |Japanese
!colspan="2" |Distance (km)
!colspan="3" |Keiyō Line
!colspan="2" |Musashino Line (thru)
!rowspan="2" |Transfers
!rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Location
|-
!Between stations
!Total
!style="background:DodgerBlue;"|Local
!style="background:MediumSeaGreen;"|Rapid
!style="background:Crimson;"|Comm. Rapid
!style="background:#fd9;"|Musashino-Chiba
!style="background:#fd9;"|Musashino-Tokyo
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|01|tlc=TYO|size=40}}
|{{STN|Tokyo}}
|東京
|style="text-align:right;"| -
|style="text-align:right;"|0.0
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|●
|rowspan="9"| 
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|{{Plainlist|
* [[Tohoku Shinkansen]]
* [[Joetsu Shinkansen]]
* [[Hokuriku Shinkansen]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]] (JY01, {{STN|Yūrakuchō}}: JY30)
* {{JRLS|JK}} [[Keihin-Tōhoku Line]] (JK26, Yūrakuchō: JK25)
* {{JRLS|JC}} [[Chūō Line (Rapid)|Chūō Line]] (JC01)
* {{JRLS|JT}} [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] (JT01)
* {{JRLS|JU}} [[Ueno–Tokyo Line]] (JU01)
* {{JRLS|JO}} [[Sōbu Line (Rapid)]] (JO19)
* {{JRLS|JO}} [[Yokosuka Line]] (JO19)
* [[Tokaido Shinkansen]]
* {{TSLS|M}} [[Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line]] (M-17)
* {{TSLS|C}} [[Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line]] ({{STN|Nijubashimae}}: C-10)
* {{TSLS|I}} [[Toei Mita Line]] ({{STN|Hibiya}}: I-08)
}}
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|[[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]]
|rowspan="6" |[[Tokyo]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|02|size=40}}
|{{STN|Hatchōbori|Tokyo}}
|八丁堀
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
|{{TSLS|H}} [[Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line]] (H-12)
|[[Chūō, Tokyo|Chūō]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|03|size=40}}
|{{STN|Etchūjima}}
|越中島
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|2.8
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|rowspan="3"|[[Kōtō]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|04|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shiomi|Tokyo}}
|潮見
|style="text-align:right;"|2.6
|style="text-align:right;"|5.4
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|05|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shin-Kiba}}
|新木場
|style="text-align:right;"|2.0
|style="text-align:right;"|7.4
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{RKLS}} [[Rinkai Line]] (R 01)
* {{TSLS|Y}} [[Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line]] (Y-24)
}}
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|06|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kasai-Rinkai Park}}
|葛西臨海公園
|style="text-align:right;"|3.2
|style="text-align:right;"|10.6
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|[[Edogawa, Tokyo|Edogawa]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|07|size=40}}
|{{STN|Maihama}}
|舞浜
|style="text-align:right;"|2.1
|style="text-align:right;"|12.7
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
|[[Disney Resort Line]] ({{STN|Resort Gateway}})
|rowspan="2"|[[Urayasu]]
|rowspan="13"|[[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|08|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shin-Urayasu}}
|新浦安
|style="text-align:right;"|3.4
|style="text-align:right;"|16.1
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|09|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ichikawashiohama}}
|市川塩浜
|style="text-align:right;"|2.1
|style="text-align:right;"|18.2
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|[[Ichikawa, Chiba|Ichikawa]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JM|10|size=40}}
|style="border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|{{STN|Nishi-Funabashi}}
|style="border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|西船橋
|style="text-align:right; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|5.9
|style="text-align:right; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|24.1
|style="text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|∥ <ref group="*">Keiyō trains between Tokyo and Soga do not pass through Nishi-Funabashi.</ref>
|style="text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|∥
|style="text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|∥
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|●
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|●
|style="border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JM}} [[Musashino Line]] (through service)
* {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]] (JB30)
* {{TSLS|T}} [[Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line]] (T-23)
* {{TRR}} [[Tōyō Rapid Railway Line]] (TR01)
}}
|style="border-bottom:2px solid #999;"|[[Funabashi, Chiba|Funabashi]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|10|size=40}}
|{{STN|Futamatashimmachi}}
|二俣新町
|style="text-align:right;"|4.4
|style="text-align:right;"|22.6
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="text-align:center;"|∥ <ref group="*">Musashino Line trains do not pass through Futamatashimmachi.</ref>
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="9"|
|''Distance is from Ichikawashiohama''
|Ichikawa
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|11|size=40}}
|{{STN|Minami-Funabashi}}
|南船橋
|style="text-align:right;"|3.4
|style="text-align:right;"|26.0
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
|''Distance between Nishi-Funabashi and Minami-Funabashi is 5.4 km''
|Funabashi
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|12|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shin-Narashino}}
|新習志野
|style="text-align:right;"|2.3
|style="text-align:right;"|28.3
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|[[Narashino]]
|-
|align="center"|
|''{{STN|Makuharitoyosuna}}
|''幕張豊砂''
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|30.0
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|
|''New station scheduled to open in spring 2023.<ref name="new_station_plan">{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.chiba.lg.jp/kigyou/kensetsu/shin-eki/h28/kihontyousakekka.html|script-title=ja:幕張新都心拡大地区新駅設置に係る基本調査結果の概要について|publisher=Chiba Prefectural Government|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="new_station_jr_pr1">{{cite web|url=https://www.jreast.co.jp/chiba/news/pdf/pre2010_makusin.pdf|script-title=ja:幕張新都心拡大地区新駅の事業進捗について|date=30 October 2020}}</ref>''
|rowspan="4"|[[Mihama-ku]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|13|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kaihimmakuhari}}
|海浜幕張
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|31.7
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|style="background:#fd9; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|14|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kemigawahama}}
|検見川浜
|style="text-align:right;"|2.0
|style="text-align:right;"|33.7
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|rowspan="4"| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|15|size=40}}
|{{STN|Inagekaigan}}
|稲毛海岸
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|35.3
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
| 
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JE|16|size=40}}
|{{STN|Chibaminato}}
|千葉みなと
|style="text-align:right;"|3.7
|style="text-align:right;"|39.0
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|｜
|[[Chiba Urban Monorail]]: Line 1
|rowspan="2"|[[Chūō-ku, Chiba]]
|-
|
|{{STN|Soga}}
|蘇我
|style="text-align:right;"|4.0
|style="text-align:right;"|43.0
|style="background:DodgerBlue; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:MediumSeaGreen; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background:Crimson; text-align:center;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|DeepSkyBlue}} [[Uchibō Line]]
* {{Colorbull|OrangeRed}} [[Sotobō Line]] (some through services to each)<ref group="*">Some local and rapid, and all Commuter Rapid trains, run through to the Uchibō Line (mainly to {{STN|Kimitsu}} or {{STN|Kazusa-Minato}}) or the Sotobō Line (mainly {{STN|Kazusa-Ichinomiya}}, {{STN|Katsuura}}, and via the [[Tōgane Line]] to {{STN|Narutō}}).</ref>
}}
|}
{{reflist|group=*}}

===New station development plan===
A new station between [[Shin-Narashino Station]] and [[Kaihimmakuhari Station]] is under construction and scheduled to open in [[Spring (season)|spring]] of 2023.<ref name="new_station_plan"/><ref name="new_station_jr_pr1"/>

==Rolling stock==
All Keiyō Line and Musashino Line rolling stock is based at the Keiyō Rolling Stock Center near [[Shin-Narashino Station]].

=== Keiyō Line ===
*'''[[209 series#209-500 series|209-500 series]]''' 10-car EMUs (magenta stripe) (since October 2008)
*'''[[E233 series#E233-5000 series|E233-5000 series]]''' 10-car EMUs (magenta stripe) (since 1 July 2010)<ref name="hobidas20100701">{{Cite web| title = E233系5000番代営業運転開始 (E233-5000 series enters revenue service)| work = Hobidas| publisher = Neko Publishing| date = 1 July 2010| url = http://rail.hobidas.com/rmn/archives/2010/07/jre2335000_3.html| language = ja| access-date = 24 March 2014}}</ref>

=== Musashino Line through services ===
{{Main|Musashino Line#Rolling stock}}
*'''209-500 series''' 8-car EMUs (orange/brown stripe) (since 4 December 2010)<ref name="jrr2013_summer">{{cite book |title = JR電車編成表 2013夏 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations - Summer 2013| publisher = JRR| date = May 2013| location = Japan| page = 47| isbn = 978-4-330-37313-3}}</ref>
*'''[[E231 series#E231-0 series|E231-0 series]]''' 8-car EMUs (orange/brown stripe) (since November 2017)
*'''[[E231 series#E231-900 series|E231-900 series]]''' 8-car EMU (orange/brown stripe) (since 20 July 2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://train-fan.com/e231-900-mu1/|title=【元209系】E231系900番台試作車・MU1編成として武蔵野線で"再出発"|trans-title=[Former 209 series] E231-900 series prototype train restarts on Musashino Line as MU1|date=20 July 2020}}</ref>

<gallery class=center>
File:Series209-500-Keiyo-Line.jpg|A Keiyo Line 209-500 series 10-car EMU
File:Series-E233-5000 520F.jpg|A Keiyo Line E233-5000 series 10-car EMU
File:Series 209-500-M71.jpg|A Musashino Line 209-500 series 8-car EMU
File:Series-E231-0-MU4F.jpg|A Musashino Line E231-0 series 8-car EMU
File:JR East E231-900 Series Keyo MU1.jpg|A Musashino Line E231-900 series 8-car EMU
</gallery>

==Former rolling stock==
=== Keiyō Line ===
*'''[[103 series]]''' 4/6/10-car EMUs (sky blue livery) (from 1986 until November 2005)
*'''[[165 series]]''' 3-car EMU (x1) ''Shuttle Maihama'' (from 1990 until 1995)
*'''[[201 series]]''' 10-car EMUs (sky blue livery) (from August 2000 until 20 June 2011)<ref name="railfan20110621">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2011/06/21/090000.html|script-title=ja:京葉線の201系が定期運用を終える|trans-title= Keiyō Line 201 series withdrawn from regular service|date= 21 June 2011|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 21 June 2011}}</ref>
*'''[[205 series#205-0 series|205-0 series]]''' 10-car EMUs (magenta stripe) (from March 1990 until 2011)
*'''[[E331 series]]''' 14-car EMU (x1) (magenta stripe) (from March 2007 until 2011)<ref name="rmnews20140327">{{cite web |url= http://rail.hobidas.com/rmn/archives/2014/03/jre331ak1.html|title= E331系AK1編成長野へ配給|trans-title= E331 series set AK1 moved to Nagano|date= 27 March 2014|work= RM News|publisher= Neko Publishing Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140327073919/http://rail.hobidas.com/rmn/archives/2014/03/jre331ak1.html|archive-date= 27 March 2014|access-date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>

=== Musashino Line through services ===
Inter-running from the Musashino Line to the Keiyō Line commenced on 1 December 1988.<ref name="JRfutabasha2013">{{cite book |script-title=ja: 首都圏鉄道完全ガイド主要JR路線編 |trans-title=Tokyo Area Complete Railway Guide - Major JR Lines |publisher = Futabasha |date = 6 December 2013 |location = Japan |pages = 87–97 |isbn = 978-4-575-45414-7}}</ref>

*'''103 series''' 6-car (later 8-car) EMUs (orange livery) (from 1 December 1988 - 8 December 2005)
*'''201 series''' 6-car EMUs (orange livery) (from 1 December 1988 - November 1996)
*'''205-0 series''' 8-car EMUs (orange/brown stripe) (from December 1991 - October 2019)
*'''[[205 series#205-5000 series|205-5000 series]]''' 8-car EMUs (orange/brown stripe) (from 2002 - 19 October 2020)

<gallery class=center>
File:L25 Tc103-574 640.jpg|A Keiyo Line 103 series EMU
File:JRE-EC165-Shuttle-Maihama.jpg| A 165 series ''Shuttle Maihama'' EMU set, March 1990
File:201kei keiyou line.JPG|A Keiyo Line 201 series EMU, July 2010
File:Keiyo-205.jpg|A Keiyo Line 205 series EMU, April 2004
File:JREast-E331.jpg|The Keiyo Line E331 series EMU, July 2006
File:103 set E34 Musashino Line Nishi-Kokubunji 20010808.jpg|A Musashino Line 103 series EMU, August 2001
File:Series205-0-M64.jpg|A Musashino Line 205-0 series EMU
File:Series 205-5000-M16.jpg|A Musashino Line 205-5000 series EMU
</gallery>

===Timeline===
{{Keiyō Line graphical template}}

==History==
The Keiyo Line was initially planned as a freight-only line. Its first section opened on 10 May 1975 as a 6.5 km link between the Chiba Freight Terminal (now the Mihama New Port Resort between Inagekaigan and Chibaminato Stations) and the freight yard next to [[Soga Station]].<ref name="teishajo1998">{{cite book |title = 停車場変遷大辞典国鉄・JR編 |trans-title= Station Transition Directory - JNR/JR|publisher = JTB| editor1-last = Ishino| editor1-first = Tetsu| year = 1998 |location = Japan| volume = I|page = 211 |isbn = 4-533-02980-9}}</ref> Passenger service began on 3 March 1986 between {{STN|Minami-Funabashi}} and {{STN|Chibaminato}}, and was extended eastward to Soga and westward to Shin-Kiba on 1 December 1988.<ref name="teishajo1998"/>

The final section of the Keiyo Line between Tokyo and Shin-Kiba opened on 10 March 1990.<ref name="teishajo1998"/> The platforms at Tokyo Station were originally built to accommodate the [[Narita Shinkansen]], a planned (but never built) high-speed rail line between central Tokyo and [[Narita International Airport]].<ref>{{cite news|title=東京駅の京葉線、なぜ遠い？近道は有楽町成田新幹線構想を再利用|trans-title=Why is Keiyo Line so far away at Tokyo Station? |url=http://www.nikkei.com/paper/article/?ng=DGKDZO66297530T00C14A2L83000|access-date=4 February 2014|newspaper=Nikkei Shimbun|date=4 February 2014}} {{registration required}}</ref>

Planners originally envisioned the Keiyo Line interfacing with the [[Rinkai Line]] at Shin-Kiba, thus providing a through rail connection between Chiba and the [[Tokyo Freight Terminal]] in eastern [[Shinagawa]], and also completing the outer loop for freight trains around Tokyo formed by the [[Musashino Line]]. This original plan would also allow through service with the [[Tokaido Main Line]], allowing freight trains from central and western Japan to reach Chiba and points east.

However, in the 1990s, as the artificial island of [[Odaiba]] began developing as a commercial and tourist area in the middle of the Rinkai Line route, the Rinkai Line was re-purposed for use as a passenger line. While there is a thorough connection between the Rinkai Line and the Keiyo Line, it is only used by passenger trains in charter service, usually carrying groups to the [[Tokyo Disney Resort]].

===Timeline===

* 3 March 1986: First stage opened between {{STN|Minami-Funabashi}} and {{STN|Chibaminato}}.<ref name="railfan652">{{cite magazine|last = Kubo |first =Satoshi |script-title=ja: 東京駅開業100周年-5 京葉線ターミナル|trans-title= Tokyo Station 100th Anniversary (5) Keiyo Line Terminal|magazine=[[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |volume = 55|issue = 652 |page =105 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = ja |date = August 2015}}</ref>
* 1 December 1988: Second stage opened between {{STN|Shin-Kiba}} and Minami-Funabashi, and between {{STN|Ichikawa-Shiohama||Ichikawashiohama}} and {{STN|Nishi-Funabashi}}.<ref name="railfan652"/>
* 10 March 1990: Third stage opened between {{STN|Tokyo}} & Shin-Kiba;<ref name="railfan652"/> and the new Keiyo Line train, the [[205 series]], was also introduced to the public.
* 16 March 1991: ''[[Sazanami (train)|Sazanami]]'' and ''[[Wakashio]]'' limited express services are rerouted via the Keiyo Line.<ref name="railfan652"/>
* 2 July 1993: [[255 series]] EMUs are introduced on ''View Sazanami'' and ''View Wakashio'' limited express services.<ref name="railfan652"/>
* 16 October 2004: [[E257-500 series]] EMUs are introduced on ''Sazanami'' and ''Wakashio'' limited express services.<ref name="railfan652"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/result.aspx?mode=2&rosen=25=1=%E4%BA%AC%E8%91%89%E7%B7%9A Stations of the Keiyō Line] (JR East) {{in lang|ja}}

{{Tokyo transit}}
{{East Japan Railway Company Lines}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keiyo Line}}
[[Category:Keiyō Line| ]]
[[Category:Lines of East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Chiba Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Tokyo]]
[[Category:1067 mm gauge railways in Japan]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1975]]

Tsukiji Hongan-ji

2021-12-20T22:43:09Z

202.255.28.252:

{{Infobox religious building
| name = Tsukiji Hongan-ji 築地本願寺
| native_name =
| image = 2019 Tsukiji Honganji.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Main hall
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location = 3-15-1 [[Tsukiji]], [[Chūō, Tokyo|Chūō-ku]], [[Tokyo Prefecture]]
| coordinates = {{coord|35|39|59.3|N|139|46|20.3|E|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP|display=title,inline}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Jōdo Shinshū]] [[Honganji-ha]]
| deity = [[Amitābha|Amida Nyorai]] (Amitābha)
| country = Japan
| functional_status =
| website = https://tsukijihongwanji.jp/global/guide/
| founded_by = [[Jun'nyo]]
| year_completed = 1617
}}

[[File:Tsukiji Hongan-ji Information Centre 2018.jpg|thumb|Goudoubo and information centre (2018)]]
[[File:Tsukiji Hongan-ji goudoubo interior 2018.jpg|thumb|Goudoubo interior (2018)]]
[[File:Tsukiji Hongan-ji memorial space 2018.jpg|thumb|Memorial plaque (2018)]]
{{nihongo|'''Tsukiji Hongan-ji'''|築地本願寺}}, sometimes archaically romanized ''Hongwan-ji'', is a [[Jodo Shinshu]] [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple located in the [[Tsukiji]] district of [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]].

The temple is adjacent to [[Tsukiji Station]] on the [[Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line]].

== History ==
[[File:100 views edo 078.jpg|thumb|upright|left|View of the Tsukiji Hongan-ji out the series ''[[One Hundred Famous Views of Edo]]'' by Hiroshige, 1858]]
Tsukiji Hongan-ji's predecessor was the temple of Edo-Asakusa Gobo (江戸浅草御坊), built in [[Asakusa]] in 1617 at the behest of the 12th [[monshu]], Junnyo Shōnin.<ref name="pamphlet">English-language pamphlet from Tsukiji Hongan-ji</ref>

The temple burned during a citywide fire in 1657, and the [[shogunate]] refused to allow it to be rebuilt in Asakusa due to a prior project there.<ref name="pamphlet"/> Instead, the temple was moved to a new parcel of land being reclaimed by the [[Sumida River]]—today's Tsukiji. This land was said to have been reclaimed by [[Jodo Shinshu]] followers themselves who lived at nearby Tsukudajima. The name ''Tsukiji'' comes from the [[kanji]] characters meaning "reclaimed land". This new temple, named Tsukiji Gobo (築地御坊), stood until it was leveled by the [[Great Kantō earthquake]] of 1923.

The present Tsukiji Hongan-ji was designed by [[Itō Chūta]] of the [[University of Tokyo]] and built between 1931 and 1934. It is noted for its unique architecture, influenced by temples in [[India]].
[[File:Tsukiji Hongan-ji Innen 4.jpg|thumb|The main hall, or [[Hondō]], inside of Tsukiji Hongan-ji]]
Hongan-ji is a [[pilgrimage]] destination due to its artifacts of [[Prince Shotoku]], [[Shinran Shonin]], and Shonyō Shōnin. Shonyō Shōnin (1911-2002), the 23rd [[monshu]] is enshrined to the left of the main altar in honor of his contributions to the spreading the [[Jodo Shinshu]] teachings abroad so that followers would not be in "name only".<ref name="pamphlet"/>

The wake of [[Hiroaki Shukuzawa]] was held there on June 22, 2006, and a memorial to popular rock musician [[hide (musician)|Hideto Matsumoto]], better known as ''hide'', can be found in the main hall itself, as the temple was the site of the musician's funerary ceremony in 1998.

== See also ==
* [[Hongan-ji Nagoya Betsuin]], which has architectural resemblance
* [[Glossary of Japanese Buddhism]] for an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, its art, and temple architecture.
* [[Statue of Shinran, Tokyo]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://tsukijihongwanji.jp/ Official website]

{{Buddhist temples in Japan}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Chūō, Tokyo]]
[[Category:Shinshū Honganji-ha temples]]
[[Category:Tsukiji]]

Hamamatsuchō Station

2021-12-20T10:14:28Z

202.255.28.252: /* Surrounding area */

{{short description|Railway and monorail station in Tokyo, Japan}}
{{Coord|35.655230|N|139.757627|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox station
| name ={{JRSNH|span=2|tlc=HMC|size=40}}{{JRSN|JK|23|seq=1|size=40}}{{JRSN|JY|28|seq=2|size=40}}{{JRSNF}} {{JRSN|MO|01|size=50}} Hamamatsuchō Station
| native_name = 浜松町駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = MonoHama.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Hamamatsucho Station
| other_name =
| address = 1-3-1 Kaigan, [[Minato, Tokyo]]
| country = Japan
| coordinates =
| map_type = Tokyo city#Japan Tokyo#Japan
| map_dot_label = Hamamatsuchō Station
| operator = {{Plainlist|
* [[File:JR logo (east).svg|25px]] [[JR East]]
* [[Tokyo Monorail]]
}}
| line = {{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JK}} [[Keihin-Tōhoku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{JRLS|MO}} Tokyo Monorail Haneda Airport Line
}}
| platforms =
| tracks =
| connections =
| structure =
| code =
| opened = 16 December 1909
| rebuilt =
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 155,784 daily
| pass_year = JR East, FY2013
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system1=JR East
|line1=Yamanote|left1=Tamachi|note-left1={{JRSN|JY|27|size=30}}|right1=Shimbashi|note-right1={{JRSN|JY|29|tlc=SMB|size=25}}|to-left1=Next clockwise|to-right1=Next counter-clockwise
|line2=Keihin-Tohoku|left2=Tamachi|note-left2={{JRSN|JK|22|size=30}}|note-mid2={{Color box|deeppink}} Rapid|right2=Tokyo|note-right2={{JRSN|JK|26|tlc=TYO|size=20}}
|line3=Keihin-Tohoku|left3=Tamachi|note-left3={{JRSN|JK|22|size=30}}|note-mid3=Local|right3=Shimbashi|note-right3={{JRSN|JK|24|tlc=SMB|size=25}}
|system4=Tokyo Monorail|line4=Haneda Airport|left4=Haneda Airport Terminal 3|note-left4={{JRSN|MO|08|size=25}}|note-mid4={{SLL|Haneda Express|c=red|t=#FFF}}
|line5=Haneda Airport|left5=Tennōzu Isle|note-left5={{JRSN|MO|02|size=30}}|note-mid5={{SLL|Rapid|c=orange|t=#000}}{{SLL|Local|c=darkgreen|t=#FFF}}}}
}}

{{nihongo|'''Hamamatsuchō Station'''|浜松町駅|Hamamatsuchō-eki}} is a railway station in [[Hamamatsuchō]], [[Minato, Tokyo]], Japan, operated by [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) and also by [[Tokyo Monorail]].

==Lines==
Hamamatsuchō Station is served by two JR East lines: the circular [[Yamanote Line]] and [[Keihin-Tōhoku Line]]. All trains on these lines stop at Hamamatsuchō.

It is also the terminus of the [[Tokyo Monorail]] line to [[Haneda Airport]]. The official name of the monorail station is {{nihongo|'''Monorail Hamamatsuchō Station'''|モノレール浜松町駅|Monorēru-Hamamatsuchō-eki}}.

==Station layout==
===JR East===
[[File:Hamamatsucho 20030913.JPG|right|thumb|A Japanese variant of [[Manneken Pis]] on the station platform]]
The JR East station consists of two platforms serving four tracks, with [[cross-platform interchange]] in the direction of travel between the Yamanote line (tracks 2 and 3) and the Keihin-Tōhoku line (tracks 1 and 4).

{{jpf|pfn=1|first=2|name=Keihin-Tōhoku Line|symbol={{JRLS|JK}}|dir=for {{STN|Tokyo}}, {{STN|Ueno}}, and {{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}}}}
{{jpf|pfn=2|name=Yamanote Line|symbol={{JRLS|JY}}|dir=for {{STN|Tokyo}} and {{STN|Ueno}}}}
{{jpf|pfn=3|name=Yamanote Line|symbol={{JRLS|JY}}|dir=for {{STN|Shinagawa}} and {{STN|Shibuya}}}}
{{jpf|pfn=4|first=3|name=Keihin-Tōhoku Line|symbol={{JRLS|JK}}|dir=for {{STN|Shinagawa}}, {{STN|Yokohama}}, and {{STN|Ōfuna}}}}

===Tokyo Monorail===
[[File:HamamatsuchoMonoApr05.jpg|right|thumb|The Tokyo Monorail platforms, April 2005]]
The Tokyo Monorail platforms are located to the west of the JR station in a separate elevated structure. Two side platforms serve a single track, with one platform used for boarding passengers, and the other platform used for alighting passengers.

Japan's domestic airlines ([[Japan Airlines|JAL]], [[All Nippon Airways|ANA]], [[Skymark Airlines]], and [[Air Do]]) operate check in services for domestic flights from Haneda airport along with ticketing facilities just outside the main Monorail entrances.

==Facilities==
* [[Japan Airlines]] at one time operated a domestic flights only ticketing facility on the third floor of the station.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20090328233738/http://www.jal.co.jp/en/information/dom/branch/ JAL Group Offices Information]." Japan Airlines. March 28, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2011. "3rd floor,Tokyo mono-rail Hamamatsu-cho Station,2-4-12 Hamamatsu-Cho Minato-ku,105-0013"</ref>

==History==
The JR station opened on December 16, 1909, as an intermediate station on the newly opened [[Shinagawa Station|Shinagawa]] to [[Shimbashi Station|Karasumori]] section of the [[Japanese National Railways]].

The Tokyo Monorail station opened on September 17, 1964.<ref name="terada2013">{{cite book | last = Terada | first = Hirokazu |title = データブック日本の私鉄 |trans-title=Databook: Japan's Private Railways | publisher = Neko Publishing | date = January 19, 2013 | location = Japan | page = 213| isbn = 978-4-7770-1336-4}}</ref>

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2013, the JR East station was used by an average of 155,784 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), making it the sixteenth-busiest station operated by JR East.<ref name="jreast2013stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/index.html |script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2013年度） |trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2013) |publisher=East Japan Railway Company |location=Japan |language=ja |access-date=September 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010506032321/http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/index.html |archive-date=May 6, 2001 }}</ref> Over the same fiscal year, the Tokyo Monorail station was used by an average of 108,080 passengers daily (exiting and entering passengers), making it the busiest station operated by Tokyo Monorail.<ref name="tokyomonorailstats">{{cite web |url=http://www.tokyo-monorail.co.jp/company/profile.html|script-title=ja:会社概要|trans-title=Summary of Company|publisher= Tokyo Monorail|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= September 2, 2014}}</ref>

The passenger figures for the JR East station (boarding passengers only) for previous years are as shown below.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Fiscal year !! Daily average
|-
| 2000|| 152,620<ref name="jreast2000stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2000.html |script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2000年度） |trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2000) |publisher=East Japan Railway Company |location=Japan |language=ja |access-date=September 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009023233/http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2000.html |archive-date=October 9, 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| 2005|| 144,085<ref name="jreast2005stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2005.html |script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2005年度） |trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2005) |publisher=East Japan Railway Company |location=Japan |language=ja |access-date=September 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009222358/http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2005.html |archive-date=October 9, 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || 153,594<ref name="jreast2010stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2010.html |script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2010年度） |trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2010) |publisher=East Japan Railway Company |location=Japan |language=ja |access-date=September 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006175258/http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2010.html |archive-date=October 6, 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || 151,480<ref name="jreast2011stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2011.html |script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2011年度） |trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2011) |publisher=East Japan Railway Company |location=Japan |language=ja |access-date=September 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008165126/http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2011.html |archive-date=October 8, 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| 2012 || 153,104<ref name="jreast2012stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2012.html |script-title=ja:各駅の乗車人員　（2012年度） |trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2012) |publisher=East Japan Railway Company |location=Japan |language=ja |access-date=September 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220750/http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2012.html |archive-date=October 7, 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || 155,784<ref name="jreast2013stats"/>
|}

==Surrounding area==
*[[Daimon Station (Tokyo)|Daimon Station]], served by the [[Toei Ōedo Line]] and the [[Toei Asakusa Line]], is within easy walking distance, although some route maps do not mark them as an interchange. The 1-minute walk is fully signed and easy to locate. When arriving on a train from south, train cars at the front of the train are closest to the exit to Daimon station.<ref>Go! Tokyo Plus App</ref>
*The station is partially under and directly connected to the [[World Trade Center (Tokyo)]].
*[[Acty Shiodome]], the fourth tallest residential building in Japan is a 3-minute walk to the north.<ref name=la>{{cite journal | title =La Tour Shiodome | journal =Brochure | volume =D(2)0409-3000 | publisher =Sumitomo Realty and Development Co., Ltd.}}</ref>
*[[Hamarikyu Gardens]] - 1/2 mile north-east
*[[Kyu Shiba Rikyu Garden]] - 1/8 mile east
*[[Shiodome City Center]] Shopping Mall - 10-minute walk<ref>{{cite web|title=Shiodome Center (English)|url=http://www.shiodome-cc.com/english/index.html|access-date=November 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312063715/http://shiodome-cc.com/english/index.html|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Tsukiji Fish Market]] - 15-minute walk
* Hato Bus Tour terminal<ref>[http://www.hatobus.com/en/ Hato Bus Tours] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210152428/http://www.hatobus.com/en/ |date=2012-02-10 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Tokyo|Trains}}
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]
* [[Transport in Greater Tokyo]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hamamatsuchō Station}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=1248 JR East station information] {{in lang|ja}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/e/stations/e1248.html JR East station diagram] {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.tokyo-monorail.co.jp/guidance/hamamatucho/ Tokyo Monorail station information] {{in lang|ja}}

{{Yamanote Line}}
{{Keihin-Tōhoku Line Negishi Line}}
{{Tokyo Monorail}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamamatsucho Station}}
[[Category:Yamanote Line]]
[[Category:Keihin-Tōhoku Line]]
[[Category:Tokyo Monorail Haneda Line]]
[[Category:Stations of East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Stations of Tokyo Monorail]]
[[Category:Tōkaidō Main Line]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1909]]

Tabata Station (Tokyo)

2021-12-14T02:50:51Z

202.255.28.252:

{{short description|Railway station in Tokyo, Japan}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{JRSN|JY|09|size=50}} {{JRSN|JK|34|size=50}} Tabata Station
| native_name = 田端駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Tabataeki-2010-north-long.jpg
| alt =
| caption = The north entrance in June 2010 after rebuilding
| other_name =
| address = 1 Tabata, Kita-ku, Tokyo
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|35.737909|N|139.761254|E|display=title, inline}}
| operator = [[File:JR logo (east).svg|20px]] [[JR East]]
| line = {{Plainlist|
* [[Tōhoku Main Line]]
* [[Yamanote Line]]
}}
| distance =
| platforms = 2 island platforms
| tracks = 4
| connections = Bus terminal
| structure =
| code =
| website =
| opened = 1 April 1896
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 45,116 daily
| pass_year = FY2013
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system1=JR East
|line1=Yamanote|left1=Komagome|note-left1={{JRSN|JY|10|size=30}}|right1=Nishi-Nippori|note-right1={{JRSN|JY|08|size=30}}
|line2=Keihin-Tohoku|left2=Kami-Nakazato|note-left2={{JRSN|JK|35|size=30}}|note-mid2={{Color box|deeppink}} Rapid|right2=Ueno|note-right2={{JRSN|JK|30|tlc=UEN|size=20}}|to-left2=Ōmiya|to-right2=Yokohama
|line3=Keihin-Tohoku|left3=Kami-Nakazato|note-left3={{JRSN|JK|35|size=30}}|note-mid3=Local|right3=Nishi-Nippori|note-right3={{JRSN|JK|33|size=30}}|to-left3=Ōmiya|to-right3=Yokohama}}
| map_type = Tokyo city#Japan Tokyo#Japan
| map_dot_label = Tabata Station
}}

{{nihongo|'''Tabata Station'''|田端駅|Tabata-eki}} is a railway station in [[Kita, Tokyo]], Japan, operated by [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East). Tabata Station is on the [[Tōhoku Main Line]] and [[Yamanote Line]] and is served by the circular [[Yamanote Line]] trains and the local and express trains of [[Keihin-Tohoku Line]].

==Station layout==
The station consists of two [[island platform]]s serving four tracks, with the Yamanote Line tracks on the inside, and Keihin-Tōhoku Line tracks on the outside, enabling cross-platform interchange between the two lines. There is a south and a north exit from the station.

===Platforms===
[[File:TabataStation-platforms-gates-April21-2015.jpg|thumb|View of the platforms looking northward in 2015]]

{{jpf|first=2|pfn=1|symbol={{JRLS|JK}}|name=[[Keihin-Tōhoku Line]]|dir=for {{STN|Akabane}}, {{STN|Urawa}}, and {{STN|Omiya|Saitama}}}}
{{jpf|pfn=2|symbol={{JRLS|JY}}|name=[[Yamanote Line]]|dir= for {{STN|Ikebukuro}} and {{STN|Shinjuku}} (Anti-clockwise)}}
{{jpf|pfn=3|symbol={{JRLS|JY}}|name=Yamanote Line|dir= for {{STN|Ueno}}, {{STN|Tokyo}}, and {{STN|Shinagawa}} (Clockwise)}}
{{jpf|first=3|pfn=4|symbol={{JRLS|JK}}|name=Keihin-Tōhoku Line|dir=for {{STN|Ueno}}, {{STN|Tokyo}}, and {{STN|Yokohama}}}}

Chest-high [[platform edge doors]] were installed on the Yamanote Line platforms in January 2015, with operation commencing in February.<ref name="railfan20150121">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2015/01/21/175000.html|script-title=ja: 山手線田端駅に可動式ホーム柵が設置される|trans-title=Platform edge doors installed at Yamanote Line Tabata Station|date= 21 January 2015|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 21 January 2015}}</ref>

==History==
Tabata Station opened on 1 April 1896.<ref name="teishajo1998">{{cite book |script-title=ja: 停車場変遷大辞典国鉄・JR編|trans-title=Station Transition Directory - JNR/JR| publisher = JTB | editor1-last = Ishino| editor1-first = Tetsu| year = 1998 | location = Japan | volume = II| page = 389| isbn = 4-533-02980-9}}</ref> With the [[privatization]] of [[JNR]] on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.<ref name="teishajo1998"/> The station was rebuilt between 2005 and August 2008.

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2013, the station was used by an average of 45,116 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), making it the 98th busiest station on the JR East network.<ref name="jreast2013stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/index.html|script-title=ja: 各駅の乗車人員 (2013年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2013)|year= 2014|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 21 January 2015}}</ref> The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Fiscal year !! Daily average
|-
| 2000 || 36,555<ref name="jreast2000stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2000_01.html|script-title=ja: 各駅の乗車人員 (2000年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2000)|year= 2001|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 21 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || 41,400<ref name="jreast2005stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2005.html|script-title=ja: 各駅の乗車人員 (2005年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2005)|year= 2006|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 21 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || 43,208<ref name="jreast2010stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2010.html|script-title=ja: 各駅の乗車人員 (2010年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2010)|year= 2011|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 21 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || 45,116<ref name="jreast2013stats"/>
|}

==Surrounding area==
* {{Interlanguage link multi|Tabata Memorial Museum of Writers and Artists|ja|3=田端文士村記念館}}
* [[Tokyo Women's Medical University]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Tokyo}}
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Tabata Station (Tokyo)}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=972 JR East station information] {{in lang|ja}}
{{Kita, Tokyo}}
{{Yamanote Line}}
{{Keihin-Tōhoku Line Negishi Line}}

[[Category:Yamanote Line]]
[[Category:Keihin-Tōhoku Line]]
[[Category:Stations of East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1896]]

Shin-maruko Station

2021-11-24T05:42:44Z

202.255.28.252: /* Lines */

{{short description|Railway station in Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Infobox station
| name =[[File:TY-10 station number.png|50px]] [[File:MG-10 station number.png|50px]] Shin-Maruko Station
| native_name = 新丸子駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Shinmaruko-Sta-W.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Shin-Maruko Station, west exit
| other_name =
| address = Maruko 766, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa-ken 211-0005
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{Coord|35.580621|N|139.661918|E|format=dms|region:JP_type:railwaystation|display=inline, title}}
| operator = [[File:TokyuLogotype.svg|18px]] [[Tokyu Corporation]]
| line = {{Plainlist|
* {{TQLS|TY|size=18}} [[Tōkyū Tōyoko Line]]
* {{TQLS|MG|size=18}} [[Tōkyū Meguro Line]]
}}
| distance = 10.3 km from {{STN|Shibuya}}
| platforms = 2 island platforms
| connections = {{Plainlist|
* Bus stop
}}
| structure =
| code = TY10, MG10
| website = {{Official|1=https://www.tokyu.co.jp/railway/station/info/Pid=10.html}}
| opened = February 14, 1926
| closed =
| former =
| passengers =27,539
| pass_year = FY2019
| map_type = Japan Kanagawa Prefecture#Japan
| map_dot_label = Shin-Maruko Station
| services =
}}
[[file:Shin-maruko-Sta-Platform.JPG|thumb|right|260px|Platforms]]
{{nihongo|'''Shin-Maruko Station'''|新丸子駅|Shin-Maruko-eki}} is a junction passenger [[train station|railway station]] located in [[Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki|Nakahara Ward]], [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], [[Japan]] and operated by the private railway company [[Tokyu Corporation]].

==Lines==
Shin-Maruko Station is served by the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line and is 10.3 kilometers (6.4 mi) from the starting point of the line at Shibuya. It is also served by the Tōkyū Meguro Line and is 8.6 kilometers (5.3 mi) from the terminus of that line at Meguro Station.

==Station layout==
The station consists of two [[island platform]]s serving four tracks with an elevated station building. The Meguro Line trains uses the inner platforms 2 and 3, which are equipped with [[Platform screen door]]s. The Tōyoko Line uses the outer platforms 1 and 4.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tokyu.co.jp/global/english/station/shin-maruko.html|title=Shin-maruko｜Toyoko Line｜Route｜Tokyu Corporation|website=Tokyu Corporation|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref>

===Platforms===
{{Ja-Stalayout}}
{{Ja-rail-line|pfn=1|first=1|name=Tōkyū Tōyoko Line|idx=Tōyoko Line|linecol=#FF0033|dir={{STN|Musashi-Kosugi}}, {{STN|Hiyoshi|Kanagawa}}, {{STN|Kikuna}}, {{STN|Yokohama}}, {{STN|Minatomirai}}, {{STN|Motomachi-Chūkagai}}}}
{{Ja-rail-line|pfn=2|name=Tōkyū Meguro Line|idx=Meguro Line|linecol=#2C94B6|dir={{STN|Musashi-Kosugi}} ・ {{STN|Hiyoshi|Kanagawa}}}}
{{Ja-rail-line|pfn=3|name=Tōkyū Meguro Line|idx=Meguro Line|linecol=#2C94B6|dir={{STN|Ōokayama}} ・ {{STN|Meguro}} ([[Tokyo Metro Namboku Line]]) {{STN|Akabane-Iwabuchi}}, ([[Saitama Rapid Railway Line]]) {{STN|Urawa-Misono}} ([[Toei Mita Line]]) {{STN|Nishi-Takashimadaira}}}}
{{Ja-rail-line|pfn=4|first=3|name=Tōkyū Tōyoko Line|idx=Tōyoko Line|linecol=#FF0033|dir={{STN|Jiyūgaoka|Tokyo}} ・ {{STN|Nakameguro}} ・ {{STN|Shibuya}}, [[File:Subway TokyoFukutoshin.png|18px]] [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] for {{STN|Kotake-Mukaihara}} and {{STN|Wakōshi}}}}

==Adjacent stations==
{{J-railservice start}}
{{J-route|route=Tokyu Tōyoko Line|f=w|col=#FF0033}}
{{J-rserv|service=Local|previous={{STN|Tamagawa|Tokyo|Tamagawa}}|next={{STN|Musashi-Kosugi}}|col=blue}}
{{J-rserv|service=Express|p}}
{{J-rserv|service=Commuter Ltd. Exp.|p}}
{{J-rserv|service=Ltd. Exp.|p}}
{{J-route|route=Tokyu Meguro Line (MG10)|f=w|col=#2c94b6}}
{{J-rserv|service=Local|next=Tamagawa (MG09)|previous=Musashi-Kosugi (MG11)|col=blue}}
{{J-rserv|service=Express|p}}
{{End box}}

==History==
Shin-Maruko Station opened as one of the original Tōyoko Line stations on February 14, 1926.

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 27,539 passengers daily.<ref name="tokyu2019stats">{{cite web|url=https://www.tokyu.co.jp/railway/data/passengers/|title= 2020年度乗降人員|year= 2020|publisher= Tokyu Corporation |location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 11 August 2020}}</ref>

The daily average passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Fiscal year !! Tōyoko Line !! Meguro Line !!
|-
| 2005|| 20,750 || 4,671 ||<ref name="stats2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/uploaded/attachment/369528.pdf|script-title=ja:神奈川県県勢要覧（平成18年度）|trans-title=Kanagawa Prefecture official statistics (fiscal 2005)|language=Japanese|location=Japan|publisher=Kanagawa Metropolitan Government|accessdate=26 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || 19,785 || 5,738 ||<ref name="stats2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/uploaded/attachment/427362.pdf|script-title=ja:神奈川県県勢要覧（平成23年度）|trans-title=Kanagawa Prefecture official statistics (fiscal 2010)|language=Japanese|location=Japan|publisher=Kanagawa Prefecture|accessdate=26 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || 20,131 || 6,171 ||<ref name="stats2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/uploaded/attachment/877254.pdf|script-title=ja:神奈川県県勢要覧（平成28年度|trans-title=Kanagawa Prefecture official statistics (fiscal 2010)|language=Japanese|location=Japan|publisher=Kanagawa Prefecture|accessdate=26 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Surrounding area==
*Sumiyoshi Shrine
*Kanto Workers' Health and Safety Hospital
*Tokyu Corporation Former Sumiyoshi Depot
*Tokyu Driving School / Train Driver Training Center
*Kanagawa Prefectural Sumiyoshi High School
*Hosei University Second Junior and Senior High School

==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Shin-Maruko Station}}
*{{Official|1=https://www.tokyu.co.jp/railway/station/info/Pid=10.html}} {{in lang|ja}}

{{Tokyu Toyoko Line}}
{{Tokyu Meguro Line}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Kanagawa Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1926]]
[[Category:Tokyu Toyoko Line]]
[[Category:Tokyu Meguro Line]]
[[Category:Stations of Tokyu Corporation]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Kawasaki, Kanagawa]]

{{Kanagawa-railstation-stub}}

Motosumiyoshi Station

2021-11-24T05:40:06Z

202.255.28.252: /* Lines */

{{short description|Railway station in Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Infobox station
| name =[[File:TY-12 station number.png|50px]] [[File:MG-12 station number.png|50px]] Motosumiyoshi Station
| native_name = 元住吉駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Motosumiyoshi-Sta-Platform.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Motosumiyoshi Station Platform
| other_name =
| address = Kizuki 1-36-1, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa-ken 211-0025
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{Coord|35.564315|N|139.654046|E|format=dms|region:JP_type:railwaystation|display=inline, title}}
| operator = [[File:TokyuLogotype.svg|18px]] [[Tokyu Corporation]]
| line = {{Plainlist|
* {{TQLS|TY|size=18}} [[Tōkyū Tōyoko Line]]
* {{TQLS|MG|size=18}} [[Tōkyū Meguro Line]]
}}
| distance = 10.7 km from {{STN|Shibuya}}
| platforms = 2 island platforms
| connections = {{Plainlist|
* Bus stop
}}
| structure =
| code = TY12
| website = {{Official|1=https://www.tokyu.co.jp/railway/station/info/Pid=12.html}}
| opened = February 14, 1926
| closed =
| former =
| passengers =67,853
| pass_year = FY2019
| map_type = Japan Kanagawa Prefecture#Japan
| map_dot_label = Motosumiyoshi Station
| services =
}}
{{Routemap
|title=Motosumiyoshi Station Track Layout
|title-bg=#ee0011
|legend=track
|map=
-colspan-start
↑[[Musashi-Kosugi Station]]
-colspan-end
*(6)\*5\*4\*3\*2\*(1)~~ ~~
STRg\\STRg\STRf\\STRf~~ ~~
KRWgl\KRW+r\STR\STR\KRW+l\KRWgr~~ ~~
STR\STR+BSl\STR+BSr\STR+BSl\STR+BSr\STR~~ ~~
STR\STR+BSl\STR+BSr\STR+BSl\STR+BSr\STR~~ ~~
KRWg+l\KRWr\STR\STR\KRWl\KRWg+r~~ ~~
STRg\\STRg\STRf\\STRf~~ ~~
-colspan-start
↓[[Hiyoshi Station (Kanagawa)|Hiyoshi Station]]
-colspan-end
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Motosumiyoshi Station'''|元住吉駅|Motosumiyoshi-eki}} is a junction passenger [[railway station]] located in [[Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], [[Japan]], operated by the private railway company [[Tokyu Corporation]].

==Lines==
Motosumiyoshi Station is served by the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line and is 12.1 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Shibuya. It is also served by the Tōkyū Meguro Line and is 10.4 kilometers from the terminus of that line at Meguro Station.

==Station layout==
The station consists of two [[island platform]]s with six tracks. The outermost tracks 1 and 6 are for through passage of express traffic.

===Platforms===
{{Ja-Stalayout}}
{{Ja-rail-line|pfn=For Passing|pwidth=70|first=1|nolinkindex=Tōyoko Line|linecol=#FF0033|dir=Used for express services or faster}}
{{Ja-rail-line|pfn=2|linename=Tokyu Toyoko Line|lineindex=Toyoko Line|linecol=#FF0033|dir={{STN|Hiyoshi|Kanagawa}}・{{STN|Kikuna}}・{{STN|Yokohama}} ・{{STN|Minatomirai}} ・ {{STN|Motomachi-Chūkagai}}}}
{{Ja-rail-line|pfn=3|linename=Tōkyū Meguro Line|lineindex=Meguro Line|linecol=#2C94B6|dir=Hiyoshi}}
{{Ja-rail-line|pfn=4|linename=Tōkyū Meguro Line|lineindex=Meguro Line|linecol=#2C94B6|dir={{STN|Musashi-Kosugi}} ・ {{STN|Ōokayama}} ・ {{STN|Meguro}} ([[Tokyo Metro Namboku Line]]) {{STN|Akabane-Iwabuchi}}, ([[Saitama Rapid Railway Line]]) {{STN|Urawa-Misono}} ([[Toei Mita Line]]) {{STN|Nishi-Takashimadaira}}}}
{{Ja-rail-line|pfn=5|linename=Tōkyū Tōyoko Line|lineindex=Tōyoko Line|linecol=#FF0033|dir={{STN|Musashi-Kosugi}} ・ {{STN|Jiyūgaoka|Tokyo}} ・{{STN|Shibuya}}・ [[File:Subway TokyoFukutoshin.png|18px]] [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] for {{STN|Kotake-Mukaihara}} and {{STN|Wakōshi}}}}
{{Ja-rail-line|first=3|pfn=For Passing|nolinkindex=Toyoko Line|linecol=#FF0033|dir=Used for express services or faster}}

==Adjacent stations==
{{J-railservice start}}
{{J-route|route=Tōkyū Tōyoko Line|col=#FF0033|f=w}}
{{J-rserv|service=Local|previous={{STN|Musashi-Kosugi}}|next={{STN|Hiyoshi|Kanagawa|Hiyoshi}}|col=blue}}
{{J-rserv|service=Express|p}}
{{J-rserv|service=Commuter Ltd. Exp.|p}}
{{J-rserv|service=Ltd. Exp.|p}}
{{J-route|route=Tōkyū Meguro Line (MG12)|col=#2C94B6|f=w}}
{{J-rserv|service=Local|next=Musashi-Kosugi (MG11)|previous=Hiyoshi (MG13)|col=blue}}
{{J-rserv|service=Express|p}}
{{End box}}

==History==
Motosumiyoshi Station opened as one of the original Tōyoko Line stations on February 14, 1926. The station was rebuilt as an underground station (ticket gates were underground and platforms were on the ground) in 1963, but was totally reconstructed in 2006 as an elevated above-ground station.

On February 15, 2014, at around 12:30 a.m., two Tōyoko Line trains collided on the Yokohama-bound track at the station. 19 passengers were lightly injured in the accident. The cause of the accident was supposedly the heavy snow that resulted in lack of braking force.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/02/15/national/kawasaki-train-crash-probe-starts/|title=Railway operator Tokyu blames snow for train collision in Kawasaki|newspaper=The Japan Times|agency=Kyodo|date=February 15, 2014|accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref>

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 67,853 passengers daily.<ref name="tokyu2019stats">{{cite web|url=https://www.tokyu.co.jp/railway/data/passengers/|title= 2020年度乗降人員|year= 2020|publisher= Tokyu Corporation |location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 11 August 2020}}</ref>

The daily average passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Fiscal year !! Tōyoko Line !! Meguro Line !!
|-
| 2005|| 58,147 || NA ||<ref name="stats2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/uploaded/attachment/369528.pdf|script-title=ja:神奈川県県勢要覧（平成18年度）|trans-title=Kanagawa Prefecture official statistics (fiscal 2005)|language=Japanese|location=Japan|publisher=Kanagawa Metropolitan Government|accessdate=26 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || 45,859 || 14,661 ||<ref name="stats2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/uploaded/attachment/427362.pdf|script-title=ja:神奈川県県勢要覧（平成23年度）|trans-title=Kanagawa Prefecture official statistics (fiscal 2010)|language=Japanese|location=Japan|publisher=Kanagawa Prefecture|accessdate=26 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || 46,595 || 17,651 ||<ref name="stats2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/uploaded/attachment/877254.pdf|script-title=ja:神奈川県県勢要覧（平成28年度|trans-title=Kanagawa Prefecture official statistics (fiscal 2010)|language=Japanese|location=Japan|publisher=Kanagawa Prefecture|accessdate=26 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Surrounding area==
*Sumiyoshi Shrine
*Kanto Workers' Health and Safety Hospital
*Tokyu Corporation Former Sumiyoshi Depot
*Tokyu Driving School / Train Driver Training Center
*Kanagawa Prefectural Sumiyoshi High School
*Hosei University Second Junior and Senior High School

==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Motosumiyoshi Station}}
*{{Official|1=https://www.tokyu.co.jp/railway/station/info/Pid=12.html}} {{in lang|ja}}

{{Tokyu Toyoko Line}}
{{Tokyu Meguro Line}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Kanagawa Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1926]]
[[Category:Tokyu Toyoko Line]]
[[Category:Tokyu Meguro Line]]
[[Category:Stations of Tokyu Corporation]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Kawasaki, Kanagawa]]

{{Kanagawa-railstation-stub}}

Hakata Station

2021-11-24T05:11:38Z

202.255.28.252: /* History */

{{Short description|Major railway and metro station in Fukuoka, Japan}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2007}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{JRK Station Numbering|JA|00}} {{JRK Station Numbering|JC|00}} {{TSSN|K|11|size=30}} Hakata Station
| native_name = 博多駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = JR Hakata City 2011 Jan.jpg
| alt =
| caption = The JR Hakata City building
| other_name =
| address = Hakata-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken
| country = Japan
| coordinates =
| operator = {{Plainlist|
* [[File:JR logo (kyushu).svg|20px]] [[JR Kyushu]]
* [[File:JR logo (west).svg|20px]] [[JR West]]
* [[File:Fukuoka City Subway Logo.svg|20px]] [[Fukuoka City Subway]]
}}
| line = {{Plainlist|
* [[File:Shinkansen-K.png|20px]] [[Kyushu Shinkansen]]
* [[Kagoshima Main Line]]
* [[Fukuhoku Yutaka Line]]
* [[File:Shinkansen jrw.svg|20px]] [[San'yō Shinkansen]]
* {{colorbull|mediumblue}} [[Hakata Minami Line]]
* [[File:Subway FukuokaKuko.svg|20px]] [[Kūkō Line (Fukuoka City Subway)|Kūkō Line]]
}}
| platforms =
| connections =
| structure =
| code =
| opened = 1889
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 121,370 daily
| pass_year = FY 2016
| pass_rank =1st (among JR Kyushu stations)
| map_type = Japan Fukuoka city#Japan
}}
[[File:Fukuoka-hakata-station-winter-illumination-2018.jpg|alt=Hakata Station Winter Illumination 2018.|thumb|Christmas and Winter Illumination decorations in 2018.]]
{{Nihongo|'''Hakata Station'''|博多駅|Hakata-eki}} is a major railway station in [[Hakata-ku, Fukuoka]], Japan. It is the largest and busiest station in [[Kyushu]], and is a gateway to other cities in Kyushu for travellers from [[Honshu]]. The [[San'yō Shinkansen]] from [[Osaka]] ends at this station.

The station was rebuilt in 2011. The main building was torn down and a new, larger station building—as well as office buildings and new platforms—was constructed. The station reconstruction project was initiated specifically for the [[Kyushu Shinkansen]] extension from Hakata to [[Shin-Yatsushiro Station]] which continues southward through its existing route to [[Kagoshima-Chūō Station]]. The new station building has a [[Hankyu Department Store]], its first branch store in Kyushu, as a tenant, as well as other first-in-Kyushu branch retailers including [[Tokyu Hands]].

==Lines==
[[File:JR Hakata City station view.jpg|thumb|Hakata Station overview, March 2011]]
[[File:Hakata Station illuminations.JPG|thumb|Hakata Station and JR Hakata City]]
[[File:Electronic Signage of Hakata Station.JPG|thumb|[[Liquid-crystal display|LCD]] departure board of Hakata Station]]
*[[Kyushu Railway Company]] (JR Kyushu)
**[[Fukuhoku-Yutaka Line]]
**[[Kagoshima Main Line]]
**[[Kyushu Shinkansen]]
*[[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR West)
**[[San'yō Shinkansen]]
**[[Hakata-Minami Line]]
*[[Fukuoka City Subway]]
**[[Kuko Line (Fukuoka)|Kūkō Line]]

==Platforms==

===JR===
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=1|first=2|span=3|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''Kirameki''|linecol=red|dir=for {{STN|Kokura}} and {{STN|Mojikō}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''[[Ariake (train)|Ariake]]''|linecol=red|dir=for {{STN|Yoshizuka}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Kagoshima Main Line|linecol=red|dir=for {{STN|Kashii}}, {{STN|Orio}}, Kokura, and Mojikō}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=2|span=3|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''[[Sonic (train)|Sonic]]'', ''[[Nichirin]]''|linecol=red|dir=for Kokura, {{STN|Yanagigaura}}, {{STN|Ōita}}, {{STN|Saiki}}, and {{STN|Miyazaki}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''Kirameki''|linecol=red|dir=for Kokura and Mojikō}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Kagoshima Main Line|linecol=red|dir=for Kashii, Orio, Kokura, and Mojikō}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=3|span=3|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''[[Kamome]]'', ''[[Midori (train)|Midori]]'', ''[[Huis Ten Bosch (train)|Huis Ten Bosch]]''|linecol=red|dir=for {{STN|Saga}}, [[Nagasaki Station (Nagasaki)|Nagasaki]], {{STN|Sasebo}}, {{STN|Huis Ten Bosch}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''Kirameki''|linecol=red|dir=for Kokura, and Mojikō}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Kagoshima Main Line|linecol=red|dir=for Kashii, Orio, Kokura, and Mojikō}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=4|span=2|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''Kamome'', ''Midori''|linecol=red|dir=for Saga, Nagasaki, and Sasebo}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Kagoshima Main Line|linecol=red|dir=for Kashii, Orio, Kokura, and Mojikō}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=5|span=4|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''Ariake''|linecol=red|dir=for {{STN|Nagasu}}, and {{STN|Kumamoto}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''[[Yufuin-no-mori]]''|linecol=red|dir=for {{STN|Hita}}, {{STN|Yufuin}}, and Ōita}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Kagoshima Main Line|linecol=red|dir=for {{STN|Futsukaichi}}, {{STN|Tosu}}, {{STN|Kurume}}, and {{STN|Ōmuta}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Kagoshima Main Line|linecol=red|dir=for Kashii, Orio, Kokura, and Mojikō}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=6|span=2|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''Ariake''|linecol=red|dir=for Nagasu, and Kumamoto}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Kagoshima Main Line|linecol=red|dir=for Futsukaichi, Tosu, Kurume, and Ōmuta}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=7|span=3|nolinkindex=Kagoshima Main Line|linecol=red|dir=for Futsukaichi, Tosu, Kurume, and Ōmuta}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Fukuhoku Yutaka Line|linecol=red|dir=for {{STN|Shin-Iizuka}}, {{STN|Nōgata}}, and Orio}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Limited Express ''Kaiō''|linecol=red|dir=for Shin-Iizuka and Nōgata}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=8|nolinkindex=Fukuhoku Yutaka Line|linecol=red|dir=for Shin-Iizuka, Nōgata, and Orio}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=11|nolinkindex=Kyushu Shinkansen|linecol=red|dir=for Kumamoto and {{STN|Kagoshima-Chūō}} (Used for first departures)}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=12-14|nolinkindex=San'yō Shinkansen|linecol=mediumblue|dir=for {{STN|Hiroshima}}, {{STN|Okayama}}, {{STN|Shin-Ōsaka}}, and {{STN|Tokyo}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=15-16|span=2|nolinkindex=Kyushu Shinkansen|linecol=red|dir=for Kumamoto and Kagoshima-Chūō}}
{{ja-rail-linem|first=3|nolinkindex=Hakata Minami Line|linecol=mediumblue|dir=for {{STN|Hakata-Minami}}}}

===Subway Station===
<gallery>
File:Hakata Subway Entrance 201103.jpg|Entrance of the Fukuoka City Subway Airport Line
File:Hakata Station Sign (Fukuoka Municipal Subway) 2.jpg|[[Running in board]] of the Hakata subway station for [[Gion Station (Fukuoka)|Gion]]
</gallery>
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=1|first=2|nolinkindex=Kūkō Line|linecol=orangered|dir=for {{STN|Fukuokakūkō}}}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=2|first=3|nolinkindex=Kūkō Line|linecol=orangered|dir=for {{STN|Tenjin}}, {{STN|Meinohama}}, {{STN|Chikuzen-Maebaru}} and {{STN|Karatsu}}}}

The subway station's symbol mark is a [[Bolt (fabric)|bolt]] of cloth with the traditional [[hakata-ori]] ([[:ja:博多織]]) pattern "Kenjō Hakata"({{lang|ja|献上博多}}). Hakata-ori is a traditional [[weaving|woven]] [[silk]] textile of Hakata.

==Adjacent stations==
{{service rail start}}
{{j-route|route=San'yō Shinkansen|col=mediumblue|f=w}}
{{j-route|route=Hakata Minami Line|col=mediumblue|f=w}}
{{j-rserv|service=''[[Nozomi (train)|Nozomi]]''|col=Yellow|previous={{STN|Kokura}}|next=}}
{{j-rserv|service=''[[Hikari (train)|Hikari]]''
(early mornings and late nights only)|col=Red|previous=Kokura|next=}}
{{j-rserv|service=''[[Kodama (train)|Kodama]]''|col=Blue|previous=Kokura|next={{STN|Hakata-Minami}}}}

{{j-route|route=Kyushu Shinkansen|col=Red|f=w}}
{{j-rserv|service=''[[Mizuho (train)|Mizuho]]''|col=DarkOrange|previous={{STN|Kokura}} (San'yō Shinkansen)|next={{STN|Kumamoto}}}}
{{j-rserv|service=''[[Sakura (train)|Sakura]]''|col=LightPink|previous=Kokura (San'yō Shinkansen)|next={{STN|Shin-Tosu}}}}
{{j-rserv|service=''[[Tsubame (train)|Tsubame]]''|col=SkyBlue|previous=|next=Shin-Tosu}}
{{j-route|route=Kagoshima Main Line|col=Red|f=w}}
{{j-rserv|previous={{JRK Station Numbering|JA|19}} {{STN|Orio}}, {{JRK Station Numbering|JA|14}} {{STN|Akama}}, {{JRK Station Numbering|JA|04}} {{STN|Kashii}}, or {{JRK Station Numbering|JA|01}} {{STN|Yoshizuka}}|next={{JRK Station Numbering|JB|08}} {{STN|Futsukaichi}} or {{JRK Station Numbering|JB|15}} {{STN|Tosu}}|service=Limited Express}}
{{j-rserv|previous={{JRK Station Numbering|JA|01}} Yoshizuka|next={{JRK Station Numbering|JB|03}} {{STN|Minami-Fukuoka}}|service=Rapid/Semi-Rapid}}
{{j-rserv|previous={{JRK Station Numbering|JA|01}} Yoshizuka|next={{JRK Station Numbering|JB|01}} {{STN|Takeshita}}|service=Local}}
{{j-route|route=Sasaguri Line (Fukuhoku Yutaka Line)|col=#faaf18}}
{{j-rserv|previous={{JRK Station Numbering|JC|01}} {{STN|Yoshizuka}}|next=|service=Limited Express Rapid Local}}
{{j-route|route=Kūkō (Airport) Line|col=orangered|f=w}}
{{j-rserv|previous={{STN|Higashi-Hie}}|next={{STN|Gion|Fukuoka}}|service=Local}}
{{s-end}}

==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2014}}
{{expand Japanese|博多駅#年表|topic=transport|date=November 2019}}
[[File:Hakata station main building Meiji era.jpg|thumb|Hakata Station building circa 1909]]
* December 11, 1889: Opened. The original station building was about 600 m north of the current position.
* December 1, 1963: Station reconstructed in present form raised above street level.
* March 10, 1975: San'yō Shinkansen services began.
* March 22, 1983: Temporary Fukuoka City Subway station opened.
* March 3, 1985: Current Fukuoka City Subway station opened.
* March 3, 2011: JR Hakata City opened.
* March 12, 2011: Kyushu Shinkansen services begin.

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 121,370 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), and it ranked 1st among the busiest stations of JR Kyushu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=駅別乗車人員上位300駅（平成28年度）|trans-title=Passengers embarking by station - Top 300 stations (Fiscal 2016)|url=http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/company/info/data/pdf/2016jousya.pdf|publisher=JR Kyushu|date=31 July 2017|access-date=25 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801162701/http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/company/info/data/pdf/2016jousya.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hakata Station}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110817122833/http://www.urbanrail.net/as/fuku/fukuoka.htm Fukuoka subway] at urbanrail.net
* [http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/EkiApp?LISTID=502&EKI=91101270 Hataka Station (JR Kyushu)] {{in lang|ja}}
* [http://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top.php?id=0910127 Hataka Station (JR West)] {{in lang|ja}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090302010704/http://subway.city.fukuoka.jp/eki/stations/hakata.html Hakata Station (Fukuoka Subway)] {{in lang|ja}}

{{Navboxes|list1=
{{Sanyo Shinkansen}}
{{Hakata-Minami Line}}
{{Kyūshū Shinkansen}}
{{Kagoshima Main Line (Mojikō-Arao)}}
{{Fukuhoku Yutaka Line}}
{{Fukuoka City Subway Kūkō Line}}
{{Fukuoka transit}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|33.589803|130.420681|format=dms|display=title|type:railwaystation_region:JP_scale:10000}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Fukuoka, Fukuoka]]
[[Category:Sanyō Shinkansen]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1889]]

Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line

2021-10-05T22:49:37Z

202.255.28.252: /* Overview */

{{short description|Tokyo Metro line}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line
| color = 9370DB 
| logo = Logo of Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line.svg
| logo_width = 40px
| image = 東京メトロ半蔵門線08系電車.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = Tokyo Metro 08 series on the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line in November 2019
| native_name = 東京メトロ半蔵門線
| type = Heavy rail [[rapid transit]]
| system =
| status =
| locale = [[Tokyo]]
| start = {{STN|Shibuya}}
| end = {{STN|Oshiage}}
| stations = 14
| routes =
| daily_ridership = 1,006,682 (2017)<ref name="train media">[http://www.train-media.net/report/1110/metro.pdf Tokyo Metro station ridership in 2017] ''Train Media (sourced from Tokyo Metro)'' Retrieved July 23, 2018.</ref>
| open = August 1, 1978
| close =
| owner = [[Tokyo Metro]]
| operator =
| character =
| depot = Saginuma
| stock = [[Tokyo Metro 8000 series]] [[Tokyo Metro 08 series]] [[Tokyo Metro 18000 series]] [[Tokyu 2020 series]] [[Tokyu 5000 series]] [[Tokyu 8500 series]] [[Tobu 50000 series]] [[Tobu 50000 series|Tobu 50050 series]] 
| linelength = {{convert|16.8|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{track gauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
| electrification = 1,500 V DC [[overhead catenary]]
| speed = {{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| elevation =
| map = [[File:Hanzomon.png|240px]]
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The {{Nihongo|'''Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line'''|東京メトロ半蔵門線|Tōkyō-metoro-hanzōmon-sen}} is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, owned and operated by [[Tokyo Metro]].

==Overview==
The 16.8 km line serves the wards of [[Shibuya, Tokyo|Shibuya]], [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]], [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]], [[Chūō, Tokyo|Chūō]], [[Kōtō, Tokyo|Kōtō]], and [[Sumida, Tokyo|Sumida]]. Despite being shorter in length than nearly all other Tokyo subway lines, the Hanzōmon Line operates some of the longest [[through train|through services]] with [[private railway]]s – namely [[Tōkyū Corporation]] and [[Tobu Railway]]. The line is connected to [[Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line]] at [[Shibuya Station]] to the south, and to the [[Tobu Skytree Line]] at {{STN|Oshiage}} to the north. Through trains operate between {{STN|Chūō-Rinkan}} on the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line and {{STN|Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen}} on the [[Tobu Skytree Line]], onward to {{STN|Kuki|Saitama}} on the [[Tobu Isesaki Line]] and {{STN|Minami-Kurihashi}} on the [[Tobu Nikko Line]].<ref name="timetable20130316">Tobu Timetable, 16 March 2013, p.168-176</ref> Through-service trains between Chūō-Rinkan and Minami-Kurihashi cover a total distance of 98.5 km in a single run – nearly six times the length of the Hanzōmon Line alone.

The Hanzōmon Line has direct interchanges with all other Tokyo Metro and Toei lines. It connects with the [[Tokyo Metro Ginza Line]] at five stations (the four stations between [[Shibuya Station|Shibuya]] and [[Nagatachō Station|Nagatachō]], as well as at [[Mitsukoshimae Station]].

The line is named after the west gate of the [[Tokyo Imperial Palace|Imperial Palace]] (''Hanzōmon''), which in turn is named after 16th century samurai [[Hattori Hanzō]], who was important to the founding of the shogunate which built the palace. The Hanzōmon Line's color on maps and station guides is purple, and stations carry the prefix "Z" followed by a number.

According to the [[Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation]], as of June 2009 the Hanzōmon Line is the sixth most crowded subway line in Tokyo, at its peak running at 173%{{Ref label|notes1|a|}} capacity between [[Shibuya Station|Shibuya]] and [[Omotesandō Station|Omotesandō]] stations.<ref>''[[Metropolis (free magazine)|Metropolis]]'', [http://archive.metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/794/page2.asp "Commute", June 12, 2009, p. 07.] Capacity is defined as all passengers having a seat or a strap or door railing to hold on to.</ref>

==Station list==
[[File:Tokyo Metro information board 001.JPG|thumb|Station line diagram]]
* All stations are located in Tokyo.
* All services stop at every station.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="2"|No.
!rowspan="2"|Station
!rowspan="2"|Japanese
!colspan="2"|Distance (km)
!rowspan="2"|Transfers
!rowspan="2"|Location
|-
!Between stations
!From Shibuya
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|01|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shibuya}}
|渋谷<ref group="*">Shibuya is shared by both Tokyu Corporation and Tokyo Metro; Tokyu Corporation manages the station.</ref>
|style="text-align:right;"|-
|style="text-align:right;"|0.0
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TQLS|DT}} [[Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line]] (through service to {{STN|Nagatsuta}} and {{STN|Chūō-Rinkan}})
* {{TQLS|TY}} [[Tōkyū Tōyoko Line]]
* {{TSLS|F}} [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] (F-16)
* {{TSLS|G}} [[Tokyo Metro Ginza Line]] (G-01)
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{JRLS|JA}} [[Saikyō Line]]
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shōnan-Shinjuku Line]]
* [[Keiō Inokashira Line]]
}}
|[[Shibuya, Tokyo|Shibuya]]
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|02|size=40}}
|{{STN|Omote-sando}}
|表参道
|style="text-align:right;"|1.3
|style="text-align:right;"|1.3
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|C}} [[Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line]] (C-04)
* {{TSLS|G}} [[Tokyo Metro Ginza Line]] (G-02)<ref group="*">Due to the distance between the Ginza and Hanzomon/Den-en-toshi lines at Shibuya, transfers between the two lines are announced at Omote-sando.</ref>
}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|03|size=40}}
|{{STN|Aoyama-itchome}}
|青山一丁目
|style="text-align:right;"|1.4
|style="text-align:right;"|2.7
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|G}} Tokyo Metro Ginza Line (G-04)
* {{TSLS|E}} [[Toei Oedo Line]] (E-24)
}}
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|04|size=40}}
|{{STN|Nagatacho}}
|永田町
|style="text-align:right;"|1.4
|style="text-align:right;"|4.1
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|Y}} [[Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line]] (Y-16)
* {{TSLS|N}} [[Tokyo Metro Namboku Line]] (N-07)
* {{TSLS|M}} [[Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line]] ({{STN|Akasaka-mitsuke}}: M-13)
* {{TSLS|G}} Tokyo Metro Ginza Line (Akasaka-mitsuke: G-05)
}}
|rowspan="5"|[[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]]
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|05|size=40}}
|{{STN|Hanzomon}}
|半蔵門
|style="text-align:right;"|1.0
|style="text-align:right;"|5.1
| 
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|06|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kudanshita}}
|九段下
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|6.7
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|T}} [[Tokyo Metro Tozai Line]] (T-07)
* {{TSLS|S}} [[Toei Shinjuku Line]] (S-05)
}}
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|07|size=40}}
|{{STN|Jimbocho}}
|神保町
|style="text-align:right;"|0.4
|style="text-align:right;"|7.1
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|I}} [[Toei Mita Line]] (I-10)
* {{TSLS|S}} Toei Shinjuku Line (S-06)
}}
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|08|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ōtemachi|Tokyo}}
|大手町
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|8.8
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|M}} Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (M-18)
* {{TSLS|C}} Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line (C-11)
* {{TSLS|T}} Tokyo Metro Tozai Line (T-09)
* {{TSLS|I}} Toei Mita Line (I-09)
* {{JRLS|JY}} Yamanote Line (Tokyo: JY-01)
* {{JRLS|JC}} Chuo Rapid Line (Tokyo: JC-01)
* {{JRLS|JK}} Keihin-Tohoku Line (Tokyo:JK-26)
* {{JRLS|JU}} Ueno-Tokyo Line (Tokyo: JU-01)
* {{JRLS|JT}} Tokaido Line (Tokyo: JT-01)
* {{JRLS|JO}} Sobu Line (Rapid) (Tokyo: JO-19)
* {{JRLS|JO}} Yokosuka Line (Tokyo: JO-19)
* {{JRLS|JE}} Keiyo Line (Tokyo: JE-01)}}
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|09|size=40}}
|{{STN|Mitsukoshimae}}
|三越前
|style="text-align:right;"|0.7
|style="text-align:right;"|9.5
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|G}} Tokyo Metro Ginza Line (G-12)
* {{JRLS|JO}} [[Sōbu Line (Rapid)]] ({{STN|Shin-Nihombashi}})
}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Chūō, Tokyo|Chūō]]
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|10|size=40}}
|{{STN|Suitengumae}}
|水天宮前
|style="text-align:right;"|1.3
|style="text-align:right;"|10.8
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|H}} [[Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line]] ({{STN|Ningyocho}}: H-14)
* {{TSLS|A}} [[Toei Asakusa Line]] (Ningyocho: A-14)
}}
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|11|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kiyosumi-shirakawa}}
|清澄白河
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|12.5
|{{TSLS|E}} [[Toei Oedo Line]] (E-14)
|rowspan="2"|[[Kōtō, Tokyo|Kōtō]]
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|12|size=40}}
|{{STN|Sumiyoshi|Tokyo}}
|住吉
|style="text-align:right;"|1.9
|style="text-align:right;"|14.4
|{{TSLS|S}} [[Toei Shinjuku Line]] (S-13)
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|13|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kinshicho}}
|錦糸町
|style="text-align:right;"|1.0
|style="text-align:right;"|15.4
|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JO}} Sōbu Line (Rapid)
* {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]]
}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Sumida, Tokyo|Sumida]]
|-
|{{TSSN|Z|14|size=40}}
|{{STN|Oshiage}}
|押上<ref group="*">Oshiage is shared by both Tobu Railway and Tokyo Metro; Tokyo Metro manages the station.</ref>
|style="text-align:right;"|1.4
|style="text-align:right;"|16.8
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TBLS|TS}} [[Tobu Skytree Line]] (for {{STN|Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen}}, {{STN|Kuki|Saitama}} on {{TBLS|TI}} [[Tobu Isesaki Line]], and {{STN|Minami-Kurihashi}} on {{TBLS|TN}} [[Tōbu Nikkō Line]])
* {{TSLS|A}} [[Toei Asakusa Line]] (A-20)
* {{KSLS|KS}} [[Keisei Oshiage Line]]
}}
|}
{{Reflist|group="*"}}

==Rolling stock==
===Current===
* [[Tokyo Metro 18000 series]]
* [[Tokyo Metro 8000 series]]
* [[Tokyo Metro 08 series]]
* [[Tokyu 2020 series]]
* [[Tokyu 5000 series]]
* [[Tokyu 8500 series]]
* [[Tobu 50000 series]]
* [[Tobu 50000 series|Tobu 50050 series]]

<gallery>
File:Tokyo Metro 8000 series Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line 20170721.jpg|Tokyo Metro 8000 series
File:Tokyo-Metro-Series08-103F.jpg|Tokyo Metro 08 series
File:Tokyu 2020 series Den-en-toshi Line Tana Station 20190530.jpg|Tokyu 2020 series
File:Tokyu 5000 Series 5113F DT Line 20180203.jpg|Tokyu 5000 series
File:Tobu 30000 series Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line 20170721.jpg|Tobu 30000 series
File:Tobu 50050 Series 51067F 20181111.jpg|Tobu 50050 series
</gallery>

===Former===
* [[Tobu 30000 series]]
* [[Tokyu 2000 series]]
* Tokyu 8590 series

==History==
The Hanzōmon Line was first planned in 1971, along with the [[Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line|Chiyoda Line]] and [[Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line|Yūrakuchō Line]], as a reliever line for the heavily congested [[Tokyo Metro Ginza Line|Ginza Line]]. Its initial routing was from [[Futako-Tamagawa Station]] on the [[Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line]] to a new station in the Fukagawa district of [[Kōtō]]. In 1985, a second draft plan from the Ministry of Transportation moved the Hanzōmon Line's final terminus to [[Matsudo]]. During the planning stage, it was known as '''Line 11'''.

Construction began in 1972 and the majority of the line was expected to open in 1975. However, the [[Teito Rapid Transit Authority]] did not have enough funds to build the line, which delayed its construction. On August 1, 1978, the first section of the Hanzōmon Line finally opened from Shibuya to Aoyama-itchōme, including through services with the Den-en-toshi Line. It was then extended to Nagatachō Station in September 1979.

However, the next extension posed political problems, as the original plan had the line run directly under the [[Tokyo Imperial Palace|Imperial Palace]] to [[Ōtemachi Station (Tokyo)|Ōtemachi Station]]. TRTA decided to divert the route around the north side of the Imperial Palace, which required the construction of three new stations. An [[eminent domain]] battle erupted with landowners along the proposed route, which delayed the completion of the next stage of the line. [[Hanzomon Station]] opened in December 1982, and the full extension around the Imperial Palace, terminating at Mitsukoshi-mae, was not completed until January 1989. The line was then extended to Suitengu-mae in November 1990 and finally Oshiage in March 2003, the latter also enabling through service with the Tobu Skytree Line.<ref name="thesubway2004">{{cite book | title = The 地下鉄 |trans-title=The Subway| publisher = Sansuisha | year = 2004 | location = Japan| page = 28| isbn = 4-06-366218-7}}</ref>

The Ministry of Transportation recommended in 2000 that the line be extended to Matsudo by 2015. However, Tokyo Metro stated in its [[initial public offering]] that its construction operations would cease once the [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line|Fukutoshin Line]] is completed, which casts some doubt as to whether the Matsudo extension will actually be built.

== Notes ==
{{refbegin|}}
a. {{note|notes1}}Crowding levels defined by the [[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]]:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlit.go.jp/tetudo/toshitetu/03_04.html|title = 混雑率の推移}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/07/06/national/tokyo-plans-new-effort-ease-crowding-rush-hour-trains/ |title=Tokyo plans new effort to ease commuter hell on rush-hour trains |first=Daisuke |last=Kikuchi |date=6 July 2017 |work=[[The Japan Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706120354/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/07/06/national/tokyo-plans-new-effort-ease-crowding-rush-hour-trains/ |archive-date=6 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

:100% — Commuters have enough personal space and are able to take a seat or stand while holding onto the straps or hand rails.
:150% — Commuters have enough personal space to read a newspaper.
:180% — Commuters must fold newspapers to read.
:200% — Commuters are pressed against each other in each compartment but can still read small magazines.
:250% — Commuters are pressed against each other, unable to move.
{{refend}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1 = Shaw| first1 = Dennis|last2 = Morokawa| first2 = Hisashi|title = Tokyo Subways | publisher = Hoikusha Publishing Co., Ltd. | year = 1992 | location = Osaka, Japan | isbn = 4-586-54045-1}}
{{refend}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tokyometro.jp/global/en/index.html Tokyo Metro website] {{in lang|en}}

{{Tokyo transit}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hanzomon Line}}
[[Category:Lines of Tokyo Metro]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Tokyo]]
[[Category:1067 mm gauge railways in Japan]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1978]]

San'in Main Line

2021-09-08T08:15:29Z

202.255.28.252:

{{short description|Railway line in western Japan}}
{{nofootnotes|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox rail line
|name = Sanin Main Line
| other_name = [[Sagano Line]] (Kyoto - Sonobe)
| native_name = 山陰本線
| native_name_lang = ja
|color = 0073bc
|image = Amarube bridge-Kiha189.jpg
|image_width = 300px
| logo = [[File:JRW kinki-E.svg|25px]] [[File:JRW san-A.svg|25px]] [[File:JRW san-D.svg|25px]]
|caption = [[Amarube Viaduct]] in [[Kami, Hyōgo (Mikata)|Kami, Hyōgo]]
|type = [[Regional rail]]
|system =
|status =
|locale = [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]], [[Hyōgo Prefecture|Hyōgo]], [[Tottori Prefecture|Tottori]], [[Shimane Prefecture|Shimane]] and [[Yamaguchi Prefecture]]s
|start = [[Kyoto Station]]
|end = [[Shimonoseki Station]]
|stations = 159
|routes =

|open = 1897
|close =
|owner = [[JR West]]
|operator = JR West [[JR Freight]]
|character =
|stock =
|linelength_km = 676.0
|tracklength =

|gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm}}

|speed = 85 km/h (53 mph) - 130 km/h (81 mph)
|elevation =
|map = {{San'in Main Line map}}
|map_state = collapsed
}}

The {{Nihongo|'''Sanin Main Line'''|山陰本線|San'in-honsen}} is a railway line in western Japan, which connects [[Kyoto]] and [[Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi]], operated by [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR West). It is the major railway line of the [[San'in region]], approximately paralleling the [[Japan Sea]], crossing [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]], [[Hyōgo Prefecture|Hyōgo]], [[Tottori Prefecture|Tottori]], [[Shimane Prefecture|Shimane]], and [[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]] prefectures. The main portion from [[Kyoto Station|Kyoto]] to [[Hatabu Station|Hatabu]] is the longest single continuous railway line in Japan at 673.8 km, although no regularly scheduled train operates over the entire line.

The section between Kyoto and [[Sonobe Station|Sonobe]], connecting Kyoto and its northern suburbs, is a part of JR West's [[West Japan Railway Company#Urban Network|Urban Network]] and is nicknamed the '''[[Sagano Line]]'''.

==Basic data==
*Distances: 676.0 km
*Operators
**[[West Japan Railway Company]] ([[Rail transport in Japan#Three categories of railway|Category 1]])
***Kyoto - Hatabu: 673.8 km
***Nagatoshi - Senzaki: 2.2 km
**[[Japan Freight Railway Company]] ([[Rail transport in Japan#Three categories of railway|Category 2]])
***Hōki-Daisen - Higashi-Matsue: 27.1 km
***:Yonago - Higashi-Matsue temporary closed
***Okami - Masuda: 16.9 km
*Track:
**Double: Kyoto – Sonobe, Ayabe – Fukuchiyama, Hōki-Daisen – Yasugi, Higashi-Matsue – Matsue, Tamatsukuri-Onsen – Kimachi
**Single: the rest
*Electric supply:
**Kyoto – Kinosaki-Onsen, Hōki-Daisen – Nishi-Izumo: 1,500 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]]
*[[Railway signalling]]:
**Kyoto – Nishi-Izumo: Automatic
**Nishi-Izumo – Hatabu, including "Senzaki branch line": [[:ja:閉塞方式#特殊自動閉塞式|Special Automatic]]; a simplified automatic system
*Maximum speed in service (km/h):
**Kyoto – Saga-Arashiyama: 120
**Saga-Arashiyama – Umahori: 130
**Umahori – Ayabe: 120
**Ayabe – Fukuchiyama: 130
**Fukuchiyama – Tottori: 95
**Tottori – Izumoshi: 120
**Izumoshi – Masuda: 110
**Masuda – Hatabu: 95
**Nagatoshi – Senzaki: 85

==Stations==

===From Kyoto to Sonobe (Sagano Line)===
{{hatnote|See the [[Sagano Line#Stations|Sagano Line]] for stopping patterns.}}

;Stations on this segment
:{{STN|Kyoto}} - [[Umekōji-Kyōtonishi Station|Umekōji-Kyōtonishi]] - {{STN|Tambaguchi}} - {{STN|Nijo|Kyoto|Nijo}} - {{STN|Emmachi}} - {{STN|Hanazono|Kyoto|Hanazono}} - {{STN|Uzumasa}} - {{STN|Saga-Arashiyama}} - {{STN|Hozukyo}} - {{STN|Umahori}} - {{STN|Kameoka}} - {{STN|Namikawa}} - {{STN|Chiyokawa}} - {{STN|Yagi}} - {{STN|Yoshitomi|Kyoto}} - {{STN|Sonobe}}

===From Sonobe to Tottori===
Rapid trains are operated as local trains and stop at every station between Sonobe and Fukuchiyama.

{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="2" | Station
!Distance (km)
!Transfers
!colspan=2 | Location
|-
| [[Sonobe Station|Sonobe]] || 園部 || align=right | 34.2 || ({{RouteBox|E16||#9370db}} [[Sagano Line]]) || rowspan=5 | [[Nantan, Kyoto|Nantan]] || rowspan=17 | Kyoto
|-
| [[Funaoka Station (Kyoto)|Funaoka]] || 船岡 || align=right | 38.2 ||  
|-
| [[Hiyoshi Station (Kyoto)|Hiyoshi]] || 日吉 || align=right | 41.9 ||  
|-
| [[Shinkyūdaigakumae Station|Shinkyūdaigakumae]] || 鍼灸大学前 || align=right | 44.3 ||  
|-
| [[Goma Station|Goma]] || 胡麻 || align=right | 47.1 ||  
|-
| [[Shimoyama Station (Kyoto)|Shimoyama]] || 下山 || align=right | 51.9 ||   || rowspan=4 | [[Kyotamba, Kyoto|Kyōtamba]], [[Funai District, Kyoto|Funai]]
|-
| [[Wachi Station|Wachi]] || 和知 || align=right | 58.6 ||  
|-
| [[Aseri Station|Aseri]] || 安栖里 || align=right | 60.7 ||  
|-
| [[Tachiki Station|Tachiki]] || 立木 || align=right | 65.5 ||  
|-
| [[Yamaga Station|Yamaga]] || 山家 || align=right | 69.0 ||   || rowspan=3 | [[Ayabe, Kyoto|Ayabe]]
|-
| [[Ayabe Station|Ayabe]] || 綾部 || align=right | 76.2 || [[File:JRW kinki-L.svg|20px]] [[Maizuru Line]]
|-
| [[Takatsu Station (Kyoto)|Takatsu]] || 高津 || align=right | 80.3 ||  
|-
| [[Isa Station|Isa]] || 石原 || align=right | 82.8 ||   || rowspan=5 | [[Fukuchiyama, Kyoto|Fukuchiyama]]
|-
| [[Fukuchiyama Station|Fukuchiyama]] || 福知山 || align=right | 88.5 ||{{Plainlist|
*[[File:JRW kinki-G.svg|20px]] [[Fukuchiyama Line]]
*[[Kyoto Tango Railway]] (Willer Trains): [[Miyafuku Line]]
}}
|-
| [[Kamikawaguchi Station|Kamikawaguchi]] || 上川口 || align=right | 95.2 ||  
|-
| [[Shimo-Yakuno Station|Shimo-Yakuno]] || 下夜久野 || align=right | 102.4 ||  
|-
| [[Kami-Yakuno Station|Kami-Yakuno]] || 上夜久野 || align=right | 109.8 ||  
|-
| [[Yanase Station|Yanase]] || 梁瀬 || align=right | 115.6 ||   || rowspan=2 | [[Asago, Hyōgo|Asago]] || rowspan=19 | [[Hyōgo Prefecture|Hyōgo]]
|-
| [[Wadayama Station|Wadayama]] || 和田山 || align=right | 119.0 || [[File:JRW kinki-J.svg|20px]] [[Bantan Line]]
|-
| [[Yabu Station|Yabu]] || 養父 || align=right | 124.2 ||   || rowspan=2 | [[Yabu, Hyōgo|Yabu]]
|-
| [[Yōka Station|Yōka]] || 八鹿 || align=right | 131.2 ||  
|-
| [[Ebara Station|Ebara]] || 江原 || align=right | 138.7 ||   || rowspan=6 | [[Toyooka, Hyōgo|Toyooka]]
|-
| [[Kokufu Station|Kokufu]] || 国府 || align=right | 142.4 ||  
|-
| [[Toyooka Station (Hyōgo)|Toyooka]] || 豊岡 || align=right | 148.4 || Willer Trains [[Miyazu Line|Miyatoyo Line]]
|-
| [[Gembudō Station|Gembudō]] || 玄武洞 || align=right | 153.7 ||  
|-
| [[Kinosaki-Onsen Station|Kinosaki-Onsen]] || 城崎温泉 || align=right | 158.0 ||  
|-
| [[Takeno Station|Takeno]] || 竹野 || align=right | 166.0 ||  
|-
| [[Satsu Station|Satsu]] || 佐津 || align=right | 173.4 ||   || rowspan=5 | [[Kami, Hyōgo (Mikata)|Kami]], [[Mikata District, Hyōgo|Mikata]]
|-
| [[Shibayama Station|Shibayama]] || 柴山 || align=right | 175.7 ||  
|-
| [[Kasumi Station|Kasumi]] || 香住 || align=right | 180.0 ||  
|-
| [[Yoroi Station|Yoroi]] || 鎧 || align=right | 185.4 ||  
|-
| [[Amarube Station|Amarube]] || 餘部 || align=right | 187.2 ||  
|-
| [[Kutani Station|Kutani]] || 久谷 || align=right | 191.8 ||   || rowspan=4 | [[Shin'onsen, Hyōgo|Shin'onsen]], [[Mikata District, Hyōgo|Mikata]]
|-
| [[Hamasaka Station|Hamasaka]] || 浜坂 || align=right | 197.9 ||  
|-
| [[Moroyose Station|Moroyose]] || 諸寄 || align=right | 199.8 ||  
|-
| [[Igumi Station|Igumi]] || 居組 || align=right | 204.2 ||  
|-
| [[Higashihama Station|Higashihama]] || 東浜 || align=right | 207.5 ||   || rowspan=3 | [[Iwami, Tottori|Iwami]], [[Iwami District, Tottori|Iwami]] || rowspan=5 | [[Tottori Prefecture|Tottori]]
|-
| [[Iwami Station (Tottori)|Iwami]] || 岩美 || align=right | 211.9 ||  
|-
| [[Ōiwa Station|Ōiwa]] || 大岩 || align=right | 214.8 ||  
|-
| [[Fukube Station|Fukube]] || 福部 || align=right | 219.1 ||   || rowspan=2 | [[Tottori, Tottori|Tottori]]
|-
| [[Tottori Station|Tottori]] || 鳥取 || align=right | 230.3 || [[File:JRW san-B.svg|20px]] [[Imbi Line]]
|-
|}

===From Tottori to Masuda===
* '''TL''': {{nihongo|Rapid Tottori Liner|快速とっとりライナー}}
* '''AL''': {{nihongo|Rapid Aqua Liner|快速アクアライナー}}
* '''CL''': {{nihongo|Rapid Commuter Liner|快速通勤ライナー}}
*All the trains stop at stations signed "+". Most trains stop at "‡". Most trains do not stop at "*". No trains (other than local) stop at "-".
*''Rapid Commuter Liner'' runs from Nishi-Izumo to Yonago, one direction alone

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="2" | Station
!Distance (km)
!TL
!AL
!CL
!Transfers
!colspan="2" | Location
|-
| [[Tottori Station|Tottori]] || 鳥取 || align=right | 230.3 || align=center | + ||   ||   || [[File:JRW san-B.svg|20px]] [[Imbi Line]] || rowspan=7 | Tottori || rowspan=24 | Tottori
|-
| [[Koyama Station (Tottori)|Koyama]] || 湖山 || align=right | 234.5 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Tottoridaigakumae Station|Tottoridaigakumae]] || 鳥取大学前 || align=right | 235.8 || align=center | ‡ ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Suetsune Station|Suetsune]] || 末恒 || align=right | 239.6 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Hōgi Station|Hōgi]] || 宝木 || align=right | 244.7 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Hamamura Station|Hamamura]] || 浜村 || align=right | 247.6 || align=center | + ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Aoya Station|Aoya]] || 青谷 || align=right | 252.8 || align=center | + ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Tomari Station (Tottori)|Tomari]] || 泊 || align=right | 258.9 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||   || rowspan=2 | [[Yurihama, Tottori|Yurihama]], [[Tohaku District, Tottori|Tōhaku]]
|-
| [[Matsuzaki Station (Tottori)|Matsuzaki]] || 松崎 || align=right | 264.6 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Kurayoshi Station|Kurayoshi]] || 倉吉 || align=right | 270.1 || align=center | + ||   ||   ||   || [[Kurayoshi, Tottori|Kurayoshi]]
|-
| [[Shimohōjō Station|Shimohōjō]] || 下北条 || align=right | 275.2 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||   || rowspan=2 | [[Hokuei, Tottori|Hokuei]], Tōhaku
|-
| [[Yura Station|Yura]] ([[Jimmy Kudo|Conan]] Station) || 由良 （コナン駅） || align=right | 280.1 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Urayasu Station (Tottori)|Urayasu]] || 浦安 || align=right | 285.8 || align=center | + ||   ||   ||   || rowspan=3 | [[Kotoura, Tottori|Kotoura]], Tōhaku
|-
| [[Yabase Station|Yabase]] || 八橋 || align=right | 287.6 || align=center | - ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Akasaki Station (Tottori)|Akasaki]] || 赤碕 || align=right | 291.3 || align=center | + ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Nakayamaguchi Station|Nakayamaguchi]] || 中山口 || align=right | 295.5 || align=center | - ||   ||   ||   || rowspan=5 | [[Daisen, Tottori|Daisen]], [[Saihaku District, Tottori|Saihaku]]
|-
| [[Shimoichi Station|Shimoichi]] || 下市 || align=right | 297.7 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Mikuriya Station (Tottori)|Mikuriya]] || 御来屋 || align=right | 303.6 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Nawa Station (Tottori)|Nawa]] || 名和 || align=right | 304.7 || align=center | - ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Daisenguchi Station|Daisenguchi]] || 大山口 || align=right | 308.8 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Yodoe Station|Yodoe]] || 淀江 || align=right | 312.7 || align=center | * ||   ||   ||   || rowspan=4 | [[Yonago, Tottori|Yonago]]
|-
| [[Hōki-Daisen Station|Hōki-Daisen]] || 伯耆大山 || align=right | 318.2 || align=center | + ||   ||   || [[File:JRW san-V.svg|20px]] [[Hakubi Line]]
|-
| [[Higashiyamakōen Station (Tottori)|Higashiyama-kōen]] || 東山公園 || align=right | 321.2 || align=center | - ||   ||   ||  
|-
| [[Yonago Station|Yonago]] || 米子 || align=right | 323.0 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | + || [[File:JRW san-C.svg|20px]] [[Sakai Line]]
|-
| [[Yasugi Station|Yasugi]] || 安来 || align=right | 331.8 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | + ||   || rowspan=2 | [[Yasugi, Shimane|Yasugi]] || rowspan=44 | [[Shimane Prefecture|Shimane]]
|-
| [[Arashima Station|Arashima]] || 荒島 || align=right | 336.6 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | + ||  
|-
| [[Iya Station|Iya]] || 揖屋 || align=right | 342.2 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | + ||   || rowspan=7 | [[Matsue, Shimane|Matsue]]
|-
| [[Higashi-Matsue Station (Shimane)|Higashi-Matsue]] || 東松江 || align=right | 345.3 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | + ||  
|-
| [[Matsue Station|Matsue]] || 松江 || align=right | 351.9 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | + ||  
|-
| [[Nogi Station (Shimane)|Nogi]] || 乃木 || align=right | 354.6 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | - ||  
|-
| [[Tamatsukuri-Onsen Station|Tamatsukuri-Onsen]] || 玉造温泉 || align=right | 358.5 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | - ||  
|-
| [[Kimachi Station|Kimachi]] || 来待 || align=right | 364.5 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | - ||  
|-
| [[Shinji Station|Shinji]] || 宍道 || align=right | 368.9 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | + || [[File:JRW san-E.svg|20px]] [[Kisuki Line]]
|-
| [[Shōbara Station|Shōbara]] || 荘原 || align=right | 373.0 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | + || || rowspan=8 | [[Izumo, Shimane|Izumo]]
|-
| [[Naoe Station|Naoe]] || 直江 || align=right | 379.1 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | + ||  
|-
| [[Izumoshi Station|Izumoshi]] || 出雲市 || align=right | 384.6 || align=center | + || align=center | + || align=center | + || [[Kita-Matsue Line]] ([[Dentetsu-Izumoshi Station|Dentetsu-Izumoshi]])
|-
| [[Nishi-Izumo Station|Nishi-Izumo]] || 西出雲 || align=right | 389.4 || align=center |   || align=center | ‡ || align=center |   ||  
|-
| [[Izumo-Jinzai Station|Izumo-Jinzai]] || 出雲神西 || align=right | 391.4 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Kōnan Station (Shimane)|Kōnan]] || 江南 || align=right | 393.5 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Oda Station (Shimane)|Oda]] || 小田 || align=right | 400.1 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Tagi Station|Tagi]] || 田儀 || align=right | 404.0 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Hane Station|Hane]] || 波根 || align=right | 411.5 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||   || rowspan=10 | [[Ōda, Shimane|Ōda]]
|-
| [[Kute Station|Kute]] || 久手 || align=right | 413.7 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Ōdashi Station|Ōdashi]] || 大田市 || align=right | 417.2 ||   || align=center | + ||   ||  
|-
| [[Shizuma Station|Shizuma]] || 静間 || align=right | 420.2 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Isotake Station|Isotake]] || 五十猛 || align=right | 422.8 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Nima Station|Nima]] || 仁万 || align=right | 428.9 ||   || align=center | + ||   ||  
|-
| [[Maji Station|Maji]] || 馬路 || align=right | 431.9 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Yusato Station|Yusato]] || 湯里 || align=right | 434.8 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Yunotsu Station|Yunotsu]] || 温泉津 || align=right | 437.9 ||   || align=center | + ||   ||  
|-
| [[Iwami-Fukumitsu Station|Iwami-Fukumitsu]] || 石見福光 || align=right | 440.8 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Kuromatsu Station (Shimane)|Kuromatsu]] || 黒松 || align=right | 443.6 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||   || rowspan=6 | [[Gotsu, Shimane|Gōtsu]]
|-
| [[Asari Station (Shimane)|Asari]] || 浅利 || align=right | 448.0 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Gōtsu Station|Gōtsu]] || 江津 || align=right | 454.3 ||   || align=center | + ||   || [[Sankō Line]] (closed 1 April 2018)
|-
| [[Tsunozu Station|Tsunozu]] || 都野津 || align=right | 458.7 ||   || align=center | + ||   ||  
|-
| [[Uyagawa Station|Uyagawa]] || 敬川 || align=right | 460.5 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Hashi Station|Hashi]] || 波子 || align=right | 463.3 ||   || align=center | + ||   ||  
|-
| [[Kushiro Station (Shimane)|Kushiro]] || 久代 || align=right | 465.6 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||   || rowspan=8 | [[Hamada, Shimane|Hamada]]
|-
| [[Shimokō Station|Shimokō]] || 下府 || align=right | 469.7 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Hamada Station|Hamada]] || 浜田 || align=right | 473.3 ||   || align=center | + ||   ||  
|-
| [[Nishi-Hamada Station|Nishi-Hamada]] || 西浜田 || align=right | 478.7 ||   || align=center | + ||   ||  
|-
| [[Sufu Station|Sufu]] || 周布 || align=right | 482.8 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Orii Station|Orii]] || 折居 || align=right | 487.6 ||   || align=center | + ||   ||  
|-
| [[Miho-Misumi Station|Miho-Misumi]] || 三保三隅 || align=right | 492.6 ||   || align=center | + ||   ||  
|-
| [[Okami Station|Okami]] || 岡見 || align=right | 497.6 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Kamate Station|Kamate]] || 鎌手 || align=right | 502.7 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||   || rowspan=3 | [[Masuda, Shimane|Masuda]]
|-
| [[Iwami-Tsuda Station|Iwami-Tsuda]] || 石見津田 || align=right | 507.2 ||   || align=center | * ||   ||  
|-
| [[Masuda Station|Masuda]] || 益田 || align=right | 514.5 ||   || align=center | + ||  || [[Yamaguchi Line]]
|-
|}

=== From Masuda to Shimonoseki ===
{|class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Station
! Distance (km)
! Transfers
! colspan="2" | Location
|-
! colspan=6 | Sanin Main Line
|-
| [[Masuda Station|Masuda]] || 益田 || align=right | 514.5 || [[Yamaguchi Line]] || rowspan=3 | Masuda || rowspan=3 | Shimane
|-
| [[Todakohama Station|Todakohama]] || 戸田小浜 || align=right | 524.3 ||  
|-
| [[Iinoura Station|Iinoura]] || 飯浦 || align=right | 528.0 ||  
|-
| [[Esaki Station|Esaki]] || 江崎 || align=right | 533.8 ||   || rowspan=2 | [[Hagi, Yamaguchi|Hagi]] || rowspan=36 | [[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]]
|-
| [[Susa Station|Susa]] || 須佐 || align=right | 540.4 ||  
|-
| [[Utagō Station|Utagō]] || 宇田郷 || align=right | 549.2 ||   || rowspan=3 | [[Abu, Yamaguchi|Abu]], [[Abu District, Yamaguchi|Abu]]
|-
| [[Kiyo Station|Kiyo]] || 木与 || align=right | 555.6 ||  
|-
| [[Nago Station|Nago]] || 奈古 || align=right | 560.2 ||  
|-
| [[Nagato-Ōi Station|Nagato-Ōi]] || 長門大井 || align=right | 564.5 ||   || rowspan=7 | [[Hagi, Yamaguchi|Hagi]]
|-
| [[Koshigahama Station|Koshigahama]] || 越ヶ浜 || align=right | 569.1 ||  
|-
| [[Higashi-Hagi Station|Higashi-Hagi]] || 東萩 || align=right | 572.0 ||  
|-
| [[Hagi Station|Hagi]] || 萩 || align=right | 575.8 ||  
|-
| [[Tamae Station|Tamae]] || 玉江 || align=right | 578.2 ||  
|-
| [[Sammi Station|Sammi]] || 三見 || align=right | 583.9 ||  
|-
| [[Ii Station|Ii]] || 飯井 || align=right | 588.1 ||  
|-
| [[Nagato-Misumi Station|Nagato-Misumi]] || |長門三隅 || align=right | 594.5 || || rowspan=6 | [[Nagato, Yamaguchi|Nagato]]
|-
| [[Nagatoshi Station|Nagatoshi]] || 長門市 || align=right | 599.6 || [[Mine Line]], Sanin Main Line "Senzaki branch line"
|-
| [[Kiwado Station|Kiwado]] || 黄波戸 || align=right | 604.9 ||  
|-
| [[Nagato-Furuichi Station|Nagato-Furuichi]] || 長門古市 || align=right | 609.0 ||  
|-
| [[Hitomaru Station|Hitomaru]] || 人丸 || align=right | 613.5 ||  
|-
| [[Igami Station|Igami]] || 伊上 || align=right | 617.9 ||  
|-
| [[Nagato-Awano Station|Nagato-Awano]] || 長門粟野 || align=right | 622.1 ||   || rowspan=18 | [[Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi|Shimonoseki]]
|-
| [[Agawa Station|Agawa]] || 阿川 || align=right | 627.4 ||  
|-
| [[Kottoi Station|Kottoi]] || 特牛 || align=right | 631.1 ||  
|-
| [[Takibe Station|Takibe]] || 滝部 || align=right | 635.1 ||  
|-
| [[Nagato-Futami Station|Nagato-Futami]] || 長門二見 || align=right | 639.9 ||  
|-
| [[Ukahongō Station|Ukahongō]] || 宇賀本郷 || align=right | 643.5 ||  
|-
| [[Yutama Station|Yutama]] || 湯玉 || align=right | 645.7 ||  
|-
| [[Kogushi Station|Kogushi]] || 小串 || align=right | 650.2 ||  
|-
| [[Kawatana-Onsen Station|Kawatana-Onsen]] || 川棚温泉 || align=right | 652.9 ||  
|-
| [[Kuroimura Station|Kuroimura]] || 黒井村 || align=right | 655.4 ||  
|-
| [[Umegatō Station|Umegatō]] || 梅ヶ峠 || align=right | 658.8 ||  
|-
| [[Yoshimi Station|Yoshimi]] || 吉見 || align=right | 662.7 ||  
|-
| [[Fukue Station|Fukue]] || 福江 || align=right | 665.6 ||  
|-
| [[Yasuoka Station|Yasuoka]] || 安岡 || align=right | 668.2 ||  
|-
| [[Kajikuri-Gōdaichi Station|Kajikuri-Gōdaichi]] || 梶栗郷台地 || align=right | 679.6 ||  
|-
| [[Ayaragi Station|Ayaragi]] || 綾羅木 || align=right | 670.7 ||  
|-
| [[Hatabu Station|Hatabu]] || 幡生 || align=right | 673.8 || [[Sanyō Main Line]]
|-
| [[Shimonoseki Station|Shimonoseki]] || 下関 || align=right | 677.3 ||  
|-
|}

===Senzaki Branch Line===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Station
! Distance (km)
! Transfers
! colspan="2" | Location
|-
|Nagatoshi || 長門市 || align=right | 0.0 || [[Mine Line]], Sanin Main Line || rowspan=2 | Nagato || rowspan=2 | Yamaguchi
|-
| [[Senzaki Station|Senzaki]] || 仙崎 || align=right | 2.2 ||  
|-
|}

==History==
The line was built by three different private companies, which were subsequently nationalised and connected by the Japanese Government Railway (JGR). The Kyoto Railway opened the section to Sonobe between 1897 and 1899. The Bantsuru Railway opened the Ayabe to Fukuchiyama section (as part of the current [[Maizuru Line]]) in 1904. Both companies were nationalised in 1907.

The first section opened by the JGR was between Yonago and Mikuriya in 1902, and the line was then progressively extended eastward, reaching Tottori in 1907 and Iwami in 1908, the same year the current [[Bantan Line]] opened to Wadayama and Yoka. Construction of that line continued westward, and the two lines were connected in 1912. In the meantime, the Sonobe to Ayabe section was opened in 1910, and the Fukuchiyama to Wadayama section the following year. In addition, construction from Yonago progressed westward, opening to Matsue in 1908 and Izumoshi in 1910, resulting in the 385 km continuous line upon the 1912 connection mentioned above. At the western end, the Choshu Railway opened the Hatabu to Kogushi section in 1914.

From Izumoshi, construction continued progressively westward, opening to Masuda in 1923, and to Todakobama in 1925, the year that the Choshu Railway was nationalised and the Kogushi to Takibe section opened, with construction then continuing from both directions until the two sections were connected in 1933, completing the current line.

===Double-tracking===
The Yonago to Hoki-Daisen section was double-tracked between 1962 and 1966, with the Ayabe to Fukuchiyama section double-tracked in between 1968 and 1969, and the Tamatsukuri-Onsen to Kimachi section in 1970. The Matsue to Higashi-Matsue section was double-tracked in 1979, and the Yonago to Yasugi section in 1980. The original Saga-Arashiyama to Umahori section was built on the banks of the Hozugawa in a narrow gorge. A new double-track alignment was opened in 1989, and the original alignment became the [[Sagano Scenic Railway]]. Further double-tracking occurred in stages, with the entire Kyoto to Sonobe section double-tracked by 2010.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

===Electrification===
The Hoki-Daisen to Izumoshi section was electrified in 1982 in conjunction with the electrification of the [[Hakubi Line]]. The Fukuchiyama to Kinosaki section was electrified in 1986 in conjunction with the electrification of the [[Fukuchiyama Line]]. The Sonobe to Fukuchiyama section was electrified between 1985 and 1986, and the Kyoto to Sonobe section in 1990.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

===Former connecting lines===
[[File:Izushi Railway train.jpg|thumb|An Izushi Railway train]]
[[File:JNR Kurayoshi Line Yamamori Sta.jpg|thumb|Yamamori Station circa 1981]]
* Fukuchiyama Station: The Hokutan Railway operated a 12 km line to Koumori between 1923 and 1971.
* Ebara Station: The Izushi Railway operated an 11 km line to Izushi between 1929 and 1970.
* Iwami Station: The Iwai Prefectural Government opened a 3 km {{RailGauge|762mm}} gauge line to Iwai Onsen in 1925. In June 1934, 149 of the 216 buildings at Iwai Onsen burnt down, and then in September that year [[1934 Muroto typhoon|Typhoon Muroto]] caused such extensive damage to the line that it was out of service until February 1936. In 1944, the line was closed and materials recycled for the Japanese war effort.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
* Kurayoshi Station: In 1912, a 4 km line to Kamii opened, and was extended 11 km to Sekigane in 1941 and a further 5 km (as a passenger-only section) to Yamamori in 1958. Freight services ceased in 1974 and the line closed in 1985.
* Yonago Station: The Hakuhi Electric Railway operated a 12 km line, electrified at 600 V DC, to Hosshoji between 1924 and 1967. A 6 km electrified branch from Aga to Mori operated between 1930 and 1944.
* Arashima Station: The Hirose Railway opened an 8 km line, electrified at 600 V DC to Izumo Hirose in 1928. In 1954, the company merged with the Ichibata Electric Railway, and the line closed in 1960.
* Izumoshi Station: On the northern side of the station, the 8 km [[Taisha Line (JR West)|Taisha Line]] opened in 1912, on the opposite bank of the Ogamogawa to the Izumo-Taisha Station on the [[Ichibata Electric Railway]] line. Freight services ceased in 1974, and the line closed in 1990.
* Gotsu Station: The [[Sanko Line]] operated 1930 - 2018.
* Nishi-Hamada Station: A 2 km freight-only line to Hamada Minato to service the port operated between 1955 and 1982.
* Hatabu Station: The Choshu Railway opened a 27 km line from Higashi-Mozeki to Kogushi in 1914. A proposed extension to Nagato was not built due to funding constraints, but the line was electrified at 600 V DC in 1926. The company merged with the Sanyo Electric Railway in 1928, and the line closed in 1971.

==References==
This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia.

{{West Japan Railway Company Lines}}

[[Category:Sanin Main Line| ]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1897]]
[[Category:1067 mm gauge railways in Japan]]

Tokyo Metro Tozai Line

2021-09-06T07:51:52Z

202.255.28.252:

{{short description|Rapid transit line in Tokyo}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2010}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Tokyo Metro Tozai Line
| native_name = 東京メトロ東西線
| native_name_lang = ja
| color = 00a7db
| logo = Logo of Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line.svg
| logo_width = 40px
| image = Tokyo Metro 05 series 05-142f 20200623.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Tokyo Metro 05 series EMU at Minami-Gyotoku
| system =
| status =
| locale = [[Tokyo]], [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]] prefectures
| start = {{STN|Nakano|Tokyo}} or {{STN|Mitaka}}
| end = {{STN|Nishi-Funabashi}} or {{STN|Tsudanuma}} or {{STN|Toyo-Katsutadai}}
| stations = 23
| routes =
| daily_ridership = 1,642,378 (2017)<ref name="train media">[http://www.train-media.net/report/1110/metro.pdf Tokyo Metro station ridership in 2017] ''Train Media (sourced from Tokyo Metro)'' Retrieved July 23, 2018.</ref>
| open = December 23, 1964
| close =
| owner = [[Tokyo Metro]]
| operator =
| character =
| depot = Fukagawa, Gyōtoku
| stock = [[Tokyo Metro 05 series|Tokyo Metro 05/05N series]] [[Tokyo Metro 07 series]] [[Tokyo Metro 15000 series]] [[Tōyō Rapid 2000 series]] [[E231 series|JR East E231-800 series]] 
| linelength = {{convert|30.8|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
| electrification = 1,500 V DC [[overhead catenary]]
| speed = {{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| elevation =
| map =
| map_state =
}}

{| {{Railway line header|collapse=yes}}
{{BS-header|||#00a7db||}}
{{BS-table}}
{{BS|SPLa|||[[Chūō Line (Rapid)]]|}}
{{BS|vBHF|||[[Mitaka Station|Mitaka]]|}}
{{BS2|uSHI1+l|O1=v-SHI2gr|SHI1+r|||JR East: [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]]|}}
{{BS2|vBHF|O1=utBHFa@f|O12=HUBaq|BHF|O2=HUBeq|0.0|T-01 [[Nakano Station (Tokyo)|Nakano]]||}}
{{BS4|STRc2|utSTR|O2=SPLg+3|O22=STRc2|STR3||||Chūō-Sōbu Line|}}
{{BS6|STRc2|STR3+1|O2=STRc2|utSTR|O3=STRc4|O32=STR3+1|STRc4|||||Chūō Line (Rapid)}}
{{BS6|vSTR+1-|O1=STRc2|STRc4|O2=STR3+1|utSTR|O3=STRc4||||}}
{{BS6|vSTR-|O1=v-STR+1|STRc4|utSTR||||}}
{{BS6|vLSTR||utKRZt|utSTRq|||||{{rint|Tokyo|Oedo}} [[Toei Oedo Line]]|}}
{{BS2|utBHF||2.0|T-02 [[Ochiai Station (Tokyo)|Ochiai]]||}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||[[Kanda River]]|}}
{{BS4|BHFq|O1=HUBa|umtKRZ|STRq||||[[Yamanote Line]]|}}
{{BS4|BHFq|O1=HUB|umtKRZ|STRq||||[[Seibu Shinjuku Line]]|}}
{{BS4|HUBlf|utBHF|O2=HUBeq|||3.9|T-03 [[Takadanobaba Station|Takadanobaba]]||}}
{{BS4|utSTRq|utKRZt|utSTRq||||{{rint|Tokyo|Fukutoshin}} [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line|Fukutoshin Line]]|}}
{{BS2|utBHF||5.6|T-04 [[Waseda Station (Tokyo Metro)|Waseda]]||}}
{{BS2|utBHF||6.8|T-05 [[Kagurazaka Station|Kagurazaka]]||}}
{{BS4||utSTR|utSTR+l|utSTRq|||{{rint|Tokyo|Yurakucho}} [[Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line|Yūrakuchō Line]]|}}
{{BS4|utSTRq|utKRZt|utKRZt|utSTR+r|||{{rint|Tokyo|Oedo}} Toei Oedo Line|}}
{{BS4|HUBrg|utSTR|O2=HUBq|utSTR|O3=HUBq|utBHF|O4=HUBlg||||}}
{{BS4|utBHFq|O1=HUB|utKRZt|utSTRr|utSTRl|O4=HUB||||}}
{{BS4|utBHFq|O1=HUB|utKRZt|utSTRq|utSTRq|O4=HUB|||{{rint|Tokyo|Namboku}} [[Tokyo Metro Namboku Line|Namboku Line]]|}}
{{BS6|vLSTR|WASSERq|O2=HUB|utKRZW|WASSERq|WASSERq|O5=HUB||||[[Tokyo Imperial Palace|Imperial Palace]] [[moat]]|}}
{{BS6|vSTR-STRl|BHFq|O2=HUB|umtKRZ|STRq|STRq|O5=HUB|v-STR+r|||Chūō-Sōbu Line|}}
{{BS6|vSTRl-|STRq|O2=HUB|umtKRZ|STRq|STRq|O5=HUB|vSTR+r-STR|||Chūō Line (Rapid)|}}
{{BS6||HUBlf|utBHF|O3=HUBq|HUBq|HUBrf|vLSTR|8.0|T-06 [[Iidabashi Station|Iidabashi]]||}}
{{BS4|HUBrg|utBHF|O2=HUBeq|||8.7|T-07 [[Kudanshita Station|Kudanshita]]||}}
{{BS4|utBHFq|O1=HUB|utKRZt|utSTRq||||{{rint|Tokyo|Shinjuku}} [[Toei Shinjuku Line]]|}}
{{BS4|utBHFq|O1=HUBe|utKRZt|utSTRq||||{{rint|Tokyo|Hanzomon}} [[Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line|Hanzōmon Line]]|}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||Imperial Palace moat|}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||Imperial Palace moat|}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||Imperial Palace moat|}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||Imperial Palace moat|}}
{{BS2|utBHF||9.7|T-08 [[Takebashi Station|Takebashi]]||}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||{{rint|Tokyo|Hanzomon}} Hanzōmon Line|}}
{{BS4|d|utKRZW|d|utSTR+l|||Imperial Palace moat|}}
{{BS5|utBHFq|O1=HUBa|utKRZt|utdSTRq|utKRZt|d|||{{rint|Tokyo|Mita}} [[Toei Mita Line]]|}}
{{BS5|utSTRq|O1=HUB|cd|O2=utKRZt|cd|O3=ulBHF|O32=HUBa|utKRZt|d|||{{rint|Tokyo|Chiyoda}} [[Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line|Chiyoda Line]]|}}
{{BS8|c|HUBlf|dHUBq|O3=utBHF|cHUBq|cd|O5=HUBtg|c|O6=utBHF|dHUBq|HUBlg|10.7|T-09 [[Ōtemachi Station (Tokyo)|Ōtemachi]]||}}
{{BS7|d|utSTRq|utKRZt|utdSTRq|cd|O5=utKRZt|cd|O6=ulBHF|O62=HUBe|utdSTRq||{{rint|Tokyo|Marunouchi}} [[Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line|Marunouchi Line]]|}}
{{BS6||tSTRq|umtKRZt|tSTRq|O4=utSTR~L|tSTR+r|O5=utSTR~R|vLSTR|||[[Sōbu Line (Rapid)]]|}}
{{BS8||hSTRq|umtKRZh|cd|O4=hSTRq|d|O5=dMASK|O52=umtdKRZh|tdKRZh|STRr|O7=lhSTRe@gq|O72=STR~L|cSTR~R|||Chūō Line (Rapid)|}}
{{BS8||hSTRq|umtKRZh|cd|O4=hSTRq|d|O5=dMASK|O52=umtdKRZh|tdKRZh|hdSTRq|cd|O8=STR|||Yamanote Line|}}
{{BS8||hSTRq|umtKRZh|cd|O4=hSTRq|d|O5=dMASK|O52=umtdKRZh|tdKRZh|hdSTRq|cd|O8=STR|||[[Tōhoku Shinkansen]]|}}
{{BS8|||utSTR|cd|utdSTR|tdLSTR|cd|dLSTR|||}}
{{BS7||utBHFq|O2=HUBa|utKRZt|utdSTRq|d|tSTR2u|v-STR3|||{{rint|Tokyo|Ginza}} [[Tokyo Metro Ginza Line|Ginza Line]]|}}
{{BS6||HUBtl|utBHF|O3=HUBeq||v-STR+1|vSTR+4-|O6=ÜWu4|11.5|T-10 [[Nihombashi Station|Nihombashi]]||}}
{{BS7||utBHFq|O2=HUBe|utKRZt|utdSTRq||vSTR|d||{{rint|Tokyo|Asakusa}} [[Toei Asakusa Line]]|}}
{{BS6||d|utSTR|d||vLSTR||||}}
{{BS4|HUBrg|utBHF|O2=HUBeq|||12.0|T-11 [[Kayabachō Station|Kayabachō]]||}}
{{BS4|utBHFq|O1=HUBe|utKRZt|utSTRq||||{{rint|Tokyo|Hibiya}} [[Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line|Hibiya Line]]|}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||Kamejima River|}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||[[Sumida River]]|}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||Ōshima River Kawanishi tributary|}}
{{BS2|utKRZt|utBHFq|O2=HUBa|||{{rint|Tokyo|Oedo}} Toei Oedo Line|}}
{{BS2|utBHF|O1=HUBaq|HUBrf|13.8|T-12 [[Monzen-Nakachō Station|Monzen-Nakachō]]||}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||Heikyū River|}}
{{BS2|utBHF||14.9|T-13 [[Kiba Station|Kiba]]||}}
{{BS2|utKRZW||||Dai-Yoko River|}}
{{BS2|utSTR|||Fukagawa Depot and workshop||}}
{{BS6|STR+r|uKDSTa|utBHF||||15.8|T-14 [[Tōyōchō Station|Tōyōchō]]||}}
{{BS6|hKRZWae|uhKRZWae|utSTR||||||Shiohama Canal|}}
{{BS6|STR|utSTRa|utSTR|||||||}}
{{BS6|kSTR2|utSTRl|utABZgr|||||||}}
{{BS6|kSTRc1|kSTRl+4|umtKRZ||||||{{BSto|[[JR Freight]] [[Sōbu Main Line]]|Etchūjima Freight Branch|it=off}}}}
{{BS2|utBHF||17.0|T-15 [[Minami-Sunamachi Station|Minami-Sunamachi]]||}}
{{BS2|utSTRe|||||}}
{{BS2|uhSTRa|||||}}
{{BS2|uhKRZW|||{{BSto|Arakawa-Nakagawa Bridge|[[Arakawa River (Kanto)|Arakawa River]]|it=off}}}}
{{BS2|uhKRZW|||{{BSto|Arakawa-Nakagawa Bridge|[[Naka River (Saitama Tokyo)|Naka River]]|it=off}}}}
{{BS2|uhBHF||19.7|T-16 [[Nishi-Kasai Station|Nishi-Kasai]]||}}
{{BS2|uhBHF||20.9|T-17 [[Kasai Station|Kasai]]||}}
{{BS2|uhKRZW|O1=GRZq||||Old Edo River|{{BSsplit|[[Tokyo]]|[[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]]|line=1|align=right}}}}
{{BS2|uhBHF||22.8|T-18 [[Urayasu Station (Chiba)|Urayasu]]||}}
{{BS2|uhBHF||24.0|T-19 [[Minami-Gyōtoku Station|Minami-Gyōtoku]]||}}
{{BS2|uhBHF||25.5|T-20 [[Gyōtoku Station|Gyōtoku]]||}}
{{BS2|uhBHF||26.8|T-21 [[Myōden Station|Myōden]]||}}
{{BS4|uKDSTaq|O1=lhSTRa@fq|uhABZgr||||Gyōtoku Depot||}}
{{BS2|uhKRZW||||[[Edo River]]|}}
{{BS2|uhBHF||28.9|T-22 [[Baraki-Nakayama Station|Baraki-Nakayama]]||}}
{{BS6||d|uhKRZW|d||vLSTR|||Shinma River|}}
{{BS6|||uhSTR|STRc2|v-STR3|O5=STRc2|vSTR3-|||Chūō-Sōbu Line|}}
{{BS6|||uhSTRe|STR+1|STR+1+c4|STRc4|||[[Sōbu Line (Rapid)]]|}}
{{BS4|HUBrg|vKBHFa|O2=uKBHFe|O22=HUBq|BHF|O3=HUBeq|STR|30.8|T-23 [[Nishi-Funabashi Station|Nishi-Funabashi]]||}}
{{BS4|hBHFq|O1=HUBe|SPLe|O2=lhMSTRq|O22=STRq|KRZh|KRZh||[[Musashino Line]]||}}
{{BS4||KRWgl|O2=PORTALf|KRWg+r|STR|||[[Keiyō Line]]|}}
{{BS6|kSTRc2|kSTR3+l|tKRZ|STRr|kSTR3|||||}}
{{BS6|kSTR+1|STR+l|tKRZ|kSTRr+1|kSTRc4|||||}}
{{BS6|STR|STR|tSTRe||||||[[Tōyō Rapid Railway Line]]|}}
{{BS6|HST|HST|LSTR||||||[[Tsudanuma Station|Tsudanuma]]|}}
{{BS2|KHSTe||||[[Tōyō-Katsutadai Station|Tōyō-Katsutadai]]|}}
|}
|}

[[File:Tokyo Metro Tozai Line train pulling into Waseda Station 2015 3 25.webm|thumb|Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line train pulling into [[Waseda Station (Tokyo Metro)|Waseda Station]] in 2015]]
The {{Nihongo|'''Tokyo Metro Tozai Line'''|東京メトロ東西線|Tōkyō Metoro Tōzai-sen}} is a [[rapid transit]] line in [[Tokyo]] and [[Chiba Prefecture]], Japan, owned and operated by [[Tokyo Metro]]. Its name literally means ''East-West Line''. The line runs between [[Nakano Station (Tokyo)|Nakano Station]] in [[Nakano, Tokyo]] and [[Nishi-Funabashi Station]] in [[Funabashi, Chiba]]. The Tōzai Line was referred to as Line 5 during the planning stages, thus the seldom-used official name is {{Nihongo|Line 5 Tōzai Line|5号線東西線|Go-gō-sen Tōzai-sen}}. On average, the line carries 1,642,378 passengers daily (2017), the highest of all lines in the Tokyo Metro network.<ref name="train media" /> On maps, diagrams and signboards, the Tōzai Line is shown using the color "sky blue" ({{TSLS2|T}}), and its stations are given numbers using the letter "T".

==Overview==
The Tōzai Line features [[through train|through services]] on both ends. Trains run through onto the [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East)'s [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]] for {{STN|Mitaka}} at the western end, and onto either the Chūō-Sōbu Line for {{STN|Tsudanuma}} or the [[Tōyō Rapid Railway Line]] for {{STN|Tōyō-Katsutadai}} at the eastern end, making the line an alternative route to the Chūō-Sōbu between {{STN|Nakano|Tokyo}} and {{STN|Nishi-Funabashi}}.

According to the [[Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation]], in the 2018 the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line continues to be most crowded subway line in Tokyo, and the most crowded train line in all of Japan, at its peak running at 199% capacity{{Ref label|notes1|a|}} between {{STN|Kiba}} and {{STN|Monzen-Nakachō}} stations.<ref>''[[Metropolis (free magazine)|Metropolis]]'', [http://archive.metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/794/page2.asp "Commute", June 12, 2009, p. 07.] Capacity is defined as all passengers having a seat or a strap or door railing to hold on to.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001299797.pdf|title=Amount and a congestion rate of passengers who got on|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920002726/https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001299797.pdf|archive-date=2019-09-20}}</ref> [[Women-only passenger car|Women-only cars]] were introduced on the line during morning rush hours starting on November 20, 2006.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, peak ridership dropped from a rate of 199% in 2019 to 123% in 2020.

==Services==
The Tōzai Line was the first Tokyo Metro line on which express services run: two types of rapid trains skip some stations east of Toyocho. The [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] began services on June 14, 2008 and also features express services.

Through services to {{STN|Mitaka}} via the JR East Chūō Line and {{STN|Tōyō-Katsutadai}} via the Tōyō Rapid Railway run all day. During the morning and evening peak periods, through services run to {{STN|Tsudanuma}} via the JR East Sōbu Line.

== Station list ==
*Local trains stop at every station. Rapid trains stop at stations marked "●" and do not stop at those marked "｜". Some weekday westbound trains do not stop at stations marked "↑".

{| class="wikitable" rules="all"
|-
!rowspan="2"|No.
!rowspan="2"|Station
!rowspan="2"|Japanese
!colspan="2"|Distance (km)
!rowspan="2"|Comm. Rapid
!rowspan="2"|Rapid
!rowspan="2"|Transfers
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Location
|-
!Between stations
!From Nakano
|-
| colspan="10" align="center"|'''↑ [[Through train|Through-services]] to/from {{STN|Mitaka}} via the {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]] ↑'''
|-
|{{TSSN|T|01|size=40}}
|{{STN|Nakano|Tokyo}}
|中野<ref group="*">Nakano is shared by Tokyo Metro and JR East; JR East manages the station.</ref>
| style="text-align:right;"| –
| style="text-align:right;" |0.0
| style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;" |●
| style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;" |●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]]
* {{JRLS|JC}} [[Chūō Line (Rapid)]]
}}
|[[Nakano, Tokyo|Nakano]]
| rowspan="17" style="text-align:center; width:1em; line-height:3;" |[[Tokyo]]
|-
| {{TSSN|T|02|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ochiai|Tokyo}}
|落合
|style="text-align:right;"|2.0
|style="text-align:right;"|2.0
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|rowspan="4"|[[Shinjuku, Tokyo|Shinjuku]]
|-
| {{TSSN|T|03|size=40}}
|{{STN|Takadanobaba}}
|高田馬場
|style="text-align:right;"|1.9
|style="text-align:right;"|3.9
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* [[File:SeibuShinjuku.svg|18px]] [[Seibu Shinjuku Line]]
}}
|-
| {{TSSN|T|04|size=40}}
|{{STN|Waseda|Tokyo Metro}}
|早稲田
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|5.6
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
|[[Tokyo Sakura Tram]] ({{STN|Waseda|Toden}})<ref group="*">Both the Tokyo Metro and Toei stations are displayed on station maps as being distant from one another, and they are not announced as transfer points for one another.</ref>
|-
| {{TSSN|T|05|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kagurazaka}}
|神楽坂
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|6.8
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|-
| {{TSSN|T|06|size=40}}
|{{STN|Iidabashi}}
|飯田橋
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|8.0
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|N}} [[Tokyo Metro Namboku Line]] (N-10)
* {{TSLS|Y}} [[Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line]] (Y-13)
* {{TSLS|E}} [[Toei Oedo Line]] (E-06)
* {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]]
}}
|rowspan="4"|[[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]]
|-
| {{TSSN|T|07|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kudanshita}}
|九段下
|style="text-align:right;"|0.7
|style="text-align:right;"|8.7
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|Z}} [[Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line]] (Z-06)
* {{TSLS|S}} [[Toei Shinjuku Line]] (S-05)
}}
|-
| {{TSSN|T|08|size=40}}
|{{STN|Takebashi}}
|竹橋
|style="text-align:right;"|1.0
|style="text-align:right;"|9.7
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|-
| {{TSSN|T|09|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ōtemachi|Tokyo}}
|大手町
|style="text-align:right;"|1.0
|style="text-align:right;"|10.7
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
|{{Plainlist|* {{TSLS|M}} [[Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line]] (M-18)
* {{TSLS|C}} [[Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line]] (C-11)
* {{TSLS|Z}} [[Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line]] (Z-08)
* {{TSLS|I}} [[Toei Mita Line]] (I-09)}}
|-
| {{TSSN|T|10|size=40}}
|{{STN|Nihombashi}}
|日本橋
|style="text-align:right;"|0.8
|style="text-align:right;"|11.5
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{TSLS|G}} [[Tokyo Metro Ginza Line]] (G-11)
* {{TSLS|A}} [[Toei Asakusa Line]] (A-13)
}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Chūō, Tokyo|Chūō]]
|-
|{{TSSN|T|11|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kayabachō}}
|茅場町
|style="text-align:right;"|0.5
|style="text-align:right;"|12.0
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
|{{TSLS|H}} [[Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line]] (H-13)
|-
|{{TSSN|T|12|size=40}}
|{{STN|Monzen-Nakachō}}
|門前仲町
|style="text-align:right;"|1.8
|style="text-align:right;"|13.8
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
|{{TSLS|E}} Toei Oedo Line (E-15)
|rowspan="4"|[[Kōtō, Tokyo|Kōtō]]
|-
| {{TSSN|T|13|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kiba}}
|木場
|style="text-align:right;"|1.1
|style="text-align:right;"|14.9
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|-
| {{TSSN|T|14|size=40}}
|{{STN|Tōyōchō}}
|東陽町
|style="text-align:right;"|0.9
|style="text-align:right;"|15.8
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|-
| {{TSSN|T|15|size=40}}
|{{STN|Minami-Sunamachi}}
|南砂町
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|17.0
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
| 
|-
| {{TSSN|T|16|size=40}}
|{{STN|Nishi-Kasai}}
|西葛西
|style="text-align:right;"|2.7
|style="text-align:right;"|19.7
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
| 
|rowspan="2"|[[Edogawa, Tokyo|Edogawa]]
|-
| {{TSSN|T|17|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kasai}}<ref name="passtrains">The local train stops to let the Rapid pass at this station.</ref>
|葛西
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|20.9
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
| 
|-
| {{TSSN|T|18|size=40}}
|{{STN|Urayasu|Chiba}}
|浦安
|style="text-align:right;"|1.9
|style="text-align:right;"|22.8
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
| 
|[[Urayasu, Chiba|Urayasu]]
|style="text-align:center; width:1em;" rowspan="6"|[[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]]
|-
| {{TSSN|T|19|size=40}}
|{{STN|Minami-Gyōtoku}}
|南行徳
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|24.0
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|↑
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
| 
|rowspan="3"|[[Ichikawa, Chiba|Ichikawa]]
|-
|{{TSSN|T|20|size=40}}
|{{STN|Gyōtoku}}
|行徳
|style="text-align:right;"|1.5
|style="text-align:right;"|25.5
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|↑
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
| 
|-
| {{TSSN|T|21|size=40}}
|{{STN|Myōden}}<ref name="passtrains"/>
|妙典
|style="text-align:right;"|1.3
|style="text-align:right;"|26.8
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|↑
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
| 
|-
| {{TSSN|T|22|size=40}}
|{{STN|Baraki-Nakayama}}<ref name="passtrains"/>
|原木中山
|style="text-align:right;"|2.1
|style="text-align:right;"|28.9
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|↑
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
| 
|rowspan="2"|[[Funabashi, Chiba|Funabashi]]
|-
| {{TSSN|T|23|size=40}}
|{{STN|Nishi-Funabashi}}
|西船橋<ref group="*">Nishi-Funabashi is shared by Tokyo Metro, Tōyō Rapid Railway, and JR East; JR East manages the station.</ref>
|style="text-align:right;"|1.9
|style="text-align:right;"|30.8
|style="background-color:#afb; text-align:center;"|●
|style="background-color:#fab; text-align:center;"|●
|{{Plainlist|* {{TRR}} [[Tōyō Rapid Railway Line]]
* {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]]
* {{JRLS|JM}} [[Musashino Line]]
* {{JRLS|JE}} [[Keiyō Line]]}}
|-
| colspan="10" align="center"|↓ '''[[Through train|Through-services]] to/from {{STN|Tōyō-Katsutadai}}''' '''via the {{TRR}} [[Tōyō Rapid Railway Line]] ↓'''
'''or'''

↓ '''[[Through train|Through-services]] to/from {{STN|Tsudanuma}}''' '''via the''' {{JRLS|JB}} '''[[Chūō-Sōbu Line]]''' '''↓'''
|}
{{Reflist|group="*"}}

==Rolling stock==

===Present===
Tōzai Line trains are 10-car formations of 20-meter-long cars, with four doors per side and longitudinal seating. The maximum operating speed is 100 km/h. Newer trains feature wide doors to allow for faster boarding times.
*Tokyo Metro
**[[Tokyo Metro 05 series|05/05N series]] (since 1988)
**[[Tokyo Metro 07 series|07 series]] (since 2006) (transferred from [[Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line|Yūrakuchō Line]])
**[[Tokyo Metro 15000 series|15000 series]] (since 2010)
*[[Tōyō Rapid Railway]]
**[[Tōyō Rapid 2000 series|2000 series]] (since 2004)
*[[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East)
**[[E231 series|E231-800 series]] (since 2003)
<gallery>
File:Tokyo-Metro-Series05-120.jpg|Tokyo Metro 05 series
File:Tokyo-Metro-Series05 140.jpg|Tokyo Metro 05N series
File:Tokyo-Metro-Series07.jpg|Tokyo Metro 07 series
File:Tokyo-Metro-Series15000 15109.jpg|Tokyo Metro 15000 Series
File:Toyo-Kosoku-Series2000-2101.jpg|Toyo Rapid 2000 series
File:Series-E231-800-K5.jpg|JR East E231-800 series
</gallery>

===Past===
*Tokyo Metro
**[[Tokyo Metro 5000 series|5000 series]] (from 1964 until 2007)
**[[Tokyo Metro 8000 series|8000 series]] (from 1987 until 1988, temporary, built for [[Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line|Hanzōmon Line]])
*JR East
**[[301 series]] (from 1966 until 2003)
**[[103 series#103-1000 series|103-1000 series]] (from 1989 until 2003)
**[[103 series#103-1200 series|103-1200 series]] (from 1971 until 2003)
*Tōyō Rapid
**[[Tōyō Rapid 1000 series|1000 series]] (from 1996 until 2006)

<gallery>
File:Model 5000-Stainless Steel of Teito Rapid Transit Authority.JPG|5000 series with stainless steel body
File:Model 5000-Aluminum of Teito Rapid Transit Authority.JPG|5000 series with aluminium body
File:301 K5 Mitaka 20030222.JPG|JR East 301 series in February 2003
File:Jnr 103-1200.jpg|JR East 103-1200 series
File:Tōyō Rapid 1008F.JPG|Tōyō Rapid 1000 series in September 2006
</gallery>

==Depots==
*Fukagawa Depot (深川検車区)
*Gyōtoku Depot (深川検車区行徳分室)
*Fukagawa Workshop (深川工場)
<gallery>
File:Fukagawakojyou.JPG|05N series EMU at Fukagawa Workshop
File:Tokyo-Metro-Fukagawa-Depot.jpg|Fukagawa Depot, April 2021
</gallery>

==History==
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2014}}
The Tōzai Line was planned by a review committee of the then Ministry of Transportation in 1962 and numbered '''Line 5'''. Its name literally means "East-West Line", and it was primarily planned to relieve traffic on the busy [[Sōbu Main Line]] as well as provide a straight crosstown connection through north-central Tokyo. Although this corridor is also served by the [[Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation]] (Toei) [[Toei Shinjuku Line|Shinjuku Line]] and JR [[Keiyō Line]], the Tōzai Line continues to operate beyond capacity due to its accessibility to other lines, as well as to growing [[condominium]] developments in eastern Tokyo.

The {{STN|Takadanobaba}} to {{STN|Kudanshita}} section opened in 1964, and the remainder opened in stages until its completion in 1969. Through service with the then [[Japanese National Railways]] (today part of the [[JR Group]]) – a first for a Tokyo subway line – began in 1969 connecting the Chūō and Sōbu lines. This is a rare situation in Tokyo, as the only other subway line with through services onto JR lines is the [[Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line|Chiyoda Line]].

The [[Tōyō Rapid Railway Line]], effectively an eastward extension of the line, opened in 1996. It nevertheless remains a private entity to which the Tōzai lines offers through services with.
===Chronology===
*March 16, 1966: The line is extended at both ends. It now runs between Nakano and Takebashi.
*April 28, 1966: Through service to the Chūō Line of JNR commences as far as Ogikubo.
*October 1, 1966: Takebashi to Ōtemachi section opens.
*September 14, 1967: Ōtemachi to Tōyōchō section opens.
*March 29, 1969: Tōyōchō to Nishi-Funabashi section opens and Rapid service begins (non-stop between Tōyōchō and Nishi-Funabashi).
*April 8, 1969: Through service on the Chūō Line is extended to Mitaka, and through service begins on the Sōbu line to Tsudanuma.
*April 8, 1972: Through service on the Sōbu Line is withdrawn except during rush hours.
*1975: Another type of Rapid service is introduced, calling at Urayasu between Tōyōchō and Nishi-Funabashi.
*October 1, 1979: Nishi-Kasai station opens.
*March 27, 1981: Minami-Gyōtoku station opens.
*1986: Commuter Rapid service is introduced, running non-stop between Urayasu and Nishi-Funabashi.
*(April 1, 1987: JNR is privatised. The Chūō and Sōbu lines become the property of JR East.)
*1996: The Rapid service that runs non-stop between Tōyōchō and Nishi-Funabashi ceases.
*April 27, 1996: [[Toyo Rapid Railway Line|Tōyō Rapid Line]] opens between Nishi-Funabashi and Tōyō-Katsutadai. Through service begins.
*January 22, 2000: Myōden station opens.
*April 1, 2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA or Eidan) becomes Tokyo Metro.
*November 20, 2006: [[Women-only passenger car|Women-only cars]] are introduced during morning rush hours.

==Notes==

{{refbegin|}}
a. {{note|notes1}}Crowding levels defined by the [[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]]:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlit.go.jp/tetudo/toshitetu/03_04.html|title = 混雑率の推移}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/07/06/national/tokyo-plans-new-effort-ease-crowding-rush-hour-trains/ |title=Tokyo plans new effort to ease commuter hell on rush-hour trains |first=Daisuke |last=Kikuchi |date=6 July 2017 |work=[[The Japan Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706120354/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/07/06/national/tokyo-plans-new-effort-ease-crowding-rush-hour-trains/ |archive-date=6 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

:100% — Commuters have enough personal space and are able to take a seat or stand while holding onto the straps or hand rails.
:150% — Commuters have enough personal space to read a newspaper.
:180% — Commuters must fold newspapers to read.
:200% — Commuters are pressed against each other in each compartment but can still read small magazines.
:250% — Commuters are pressed against each other, unable to move.
{{refend}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* Shaw, Dennis and Morioka, Hisashi, "Tokyo Subways", published 1992 by Hoikusha Publishing
{{refend}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tokyometro.jp/global/en/index.html Tokyo Metro website] {{in lang|en}}

{{Tokyo transit}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tokyo Metro Tozai Line}}
[[Category:Lines of Tokyo Metro]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Chiba Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1964]]
[[Category:1067 mm gauge railways in Japan]]

Baraki-nakayama Station

2021-09-02T08:29:15Z

202.255.28.252:

{{short description|Metro station in Funabashi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox station
| name ={{TSSN|T|22|size=50}} Baraki-nakayama Station
| native_name = 原木中山駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Tokyo Metro Baraki-Nakayama sta 001.jpg
| alt =
| caption = [[Turnstile|Ticket barriers]] at Baraki-nakayama Station.
| other_name =
| address = 7-7-1 Moto-Nakayama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba-ken
| country = Japan
| coordinates =
| operator = [[File:Tokyo Metro logo.svg|18px]] [[Tokyo Metro]]
| line = {{TSLS|T}} [[Tokyo Metro Tozai Line]]
| platforms =
| connections =
| structure =
| code = T-22
| opened = 1969
| closed =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Tokyo Metro
|line=Tozai|left=Myōden|note-left={{TSSN|T|21|size=30}}|right=Nishi-Funabashi|note-right={{TSSN|T|23|size=30}}|note-mid='''Local'''}}
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Baraki-nakayama Station'''|原木中山駅|Baraki-Nakayama-eki}} is a railway station on the [[Tokyo Metro Tozai Line]] in [[Funabashi, Chiba]], Japan, operated by the Tokyo subway operator [[Tokyo Metro]]. Its station number is T-22. The station opened on 29 March 1969.

==Lines==
* [[Tokyo Metro Tozai Line]]

==Station layout==
This elevated station consists of two elevated [[side platform]]s. There are also two center express tracks used for rapid trains that skip this station.
{{jpf|pfn=1|first=2|symbol={{TSLS|T}}|name=[[Tokyo Metro Tozai Line]]|dir= for {{STN|Nishi-Funabashi}} {{TRLS}} [[Tōyō Rapid Railway Line]] for {{STN|Tōyō-Katsutadai}} {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chūō-Sōbu Line|Sōbu Line (Local)]] for {{STN|Tsudanuma}}}}
{{jpf|pfn=2|first=3|symbol={{TSLS|T}}|name=Tokyo Metro Tozai Line|dir=for {{STN|Otemachi|Tokyo}} and {{STN|Nakano|Tokyo}} {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chūō-Sōbu Line|Chūō Line (Local)]] for {{STN|Mitaka}}}}
<gallery>
File:Tokyo Metro Baraki-Nakayama sta 002.jpg|Platforms
</gallery>

==Bus services==
<table border="1">
<tr bgcolor="#dddddd">
<td>No.</td>
<td>Via</td>
<td>Destination</td>
<td>Company</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">二俣01</td>
<td></td>
<td>[[Futamata-Shinmachi Station]]</td>
<td rowspan="4">[[Keisei Transit Bus]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ōwadakabuto bashi<ref name="KEISEITRANSIT2021">Passengers are able to transfer onto 市川02 which is bound for [[Ichikawa Station]]</ref></td>
<td>[[Motoyawata Station]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">妙典05</td>
<td></td>
<td>[[Myoden Station]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ōwadakabuto bashi<ref name="KEISEITRANSIT2021"/></td>
<td>[[Motoyawata Station]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.tokyometro.jp/lang_en/station/baraki-nakayama/index.html Tokyo Metro station information] {{in lang|en}}

{{Tokyo Metro Tozai Line}}

{{coord|35.703202|139.941879|type:railwaystation_region:JP|display=title}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Chiba Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1969]]
[[Category:Stations of Tokyo Metro]]
[[Category:Tokyo Metro Tozai Line]]

{{Chiba-railstation-stub}}

Shimanto, Kōchi (city)

2021-08-24T02:23:41Z

202.255.28.252:

{{Redirect|Shimanto}}
{{about|the city in Takaoka District in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan|the town in the same prefecture with the same name|Shimanto, Kōchi (town)}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = {{raise|0.2em|Shimanto}}
| official_name =
| native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{nobold|{{lang|ja|四万十市}}}}}}}}
| native_name_lang = ja
| settlement_type = [[Cities of Japan|City]]
| other_name =
| image_skyline = SHIMANTO CITY.jpg
| image_caption = View of Shimanto City
| image_flag = Flag of Shimanto, Kōchi.svg
| image_map = Shimanto in Kochi Prefecture Ja.svg
| image_blank_emblem = Emblem of Shimanto, Kōchi.svg
| blank_emblem_type = Emblem
| map_caption = Location of Shimanto in [[Kōchi Prefecture]]
| image_map1 = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=260|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=09}}
| map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = Japan
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|33|0|N|132|56|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Japan
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Shikoku]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kōchi Prefecture]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Japan|District]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Masahiro Nakahira
| leader_title1 = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 632.42
| population_total = 34,433
| population_as_of = 1 February 2021
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset1 = +09:00
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = City hall address
| blank_info_sec1 = 4-10 Nakamura Ōhashi-dōri, Shimanto-shi, Kōchi-ken 783-8501
| website = {{URL|http://www.city.shimanto.lg.jp}}
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = [[Willow]]
| flower = [[Wisteria]]
| bird = [[Common kingfisher]]
| butterfly =
| fish = [[Ayu]]
}}
}}

{{nihongo|'''Shimanto'''|四万十市|Shimanto-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] in southwestern [[Kōchi Prefecture]], Japan. The modern city of Shimanto was established on April 10, 2005, from the merger of the city of [[Nakamura, Kōchi|Nakamura]], and the village of [[Nishitosa, Kōchi|Nishitosa]] (from [[Hata District, Kōchi|Hata District]]). It is located on the [[Shimanto River]]. {{As of|2021|02|01}}, the city has an estimated [[population]] of 34,433<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.city.shimanto.lg.jp|title= Official website of Shimanto City|publisher= Shimanto City|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 1 May 2017}}</ref> and a [[population density]] of 54 persons per km2. The total area is 632.42 km2.

==Districts==
Shimanto city is divided into thirteen districts.<ref name="shimanto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.city.shimanto.lg.jp/life/toukei/shimanto/gyousei/h25/11-01/index.html|title = 人口統計月報（行政地区分別）}}</ref>
* {{Nihongo|Ekawasaki|江川崎地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Gudō|具同地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Higashi-nakasuji|東中筋地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Higashiyama|東山地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Nakamura|中村地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Nakasuji|中筋地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Okawasuji|大川筋地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Shimoda|下田地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Toyama|富山地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Tsuō|津大地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Ushirogawa|後ろ川地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Warabioka|蕨岡地区}}
* {{Nihongo|Yatsuka|八束地区}}

The largest district is Nakamura, with a population of 9,352 residents as of November 2013. The smallest is Toyama, with 882 residents.<ref name="shimanto"/>

==Geography and climate==
Shimanto's population is spread across a large area, broken up by rivers, mountains and uninhabited or sparsely inhabited areas. Both the Shimanto River and the Ushirogawa River run through the city. River levels often rise in summer and autumn due to the rainy season and seasonal typhoons.

Shimanto has a wet subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot humid summers and cool to cold winters. Humidity levels are high during the hot summer months. Snow is rare and occurs only once or twice in a year. Rainfall is significant throughout the year, but heavier during the rainy season in June and July, and also in September, when a large number of typhoons hit Japan.

On August 12, 2013, Shimanto recorded a temperature of 41.0 degrees Celsius, the highest ever recorded in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201308120105|title= Japan's highest temperature--41 degrees--marked in Kochi Prefecture|date= 12 August 2013|work= The Asahi Shimbun|publisher= The Asahi Shimbun Company|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130813031959/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201308120105|archive-date= 2013-08-13|access-date= 13 August 2013|url-status= dead}}</ref>

{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Shimanto (city) (1981–2010)
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|Jan high C = 11.4
|Feb high C = 12.8
|Mar high C = 15.9
|Apr high C = 20.9
|May high C = 24.6
|Jun high C = 27.1
|Jul high C = 31.2
|Aug high C = 32.1
|Sep high C = 29.2
|Oct high C = 24.4
|Nov high C = 19.1
|Dec high C = 14.0
|Jan mean C = 5.8
|Feb mean C = 7.0
|Mar mean C = 10.2
|Apr mean C = 15.1
|May mean C = 19.1
|Jun mean C = 22.4
|Jul mean C = 26.4
|Aug mean C = 26.9
|Sep mean C = 23.9
|Oct mean C = 18.3
|Nov mean C = 12.9
|Dec mean C = 7.7
|Jan low C = 0.6
|Feb low C = 1.6
|Mar low C = 4.7
|Apr low C = 9.4
|May low C = 14.1
|Jun low C = 18.4
|Jul low C = 22.6
|Aug low C = 23.1
|Sep low C = 19.9
|Oct low C = 13.5
|Nov low C = 7.7
|Dec low C = 2.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 86.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 114.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 196.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 220.9
|May precipitation mm = 260.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 352.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 284.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 329.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 417.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 203.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 131.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 72.7
|Jan sun = 158.1
|Feb sun = 160.2
|Mar sun = 175.5
|Apr sun = 186.1
|May sun = 178.6
|Jun sun = 135.4
|Jul sun = 185.9
|Aug sun = 199.2
|Sep sun = 159.3
|Oct sun = 174.1
|Nov sun = 160.3
|Dec sun = 166.3
|source 1 = [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=74&block_no=0763&year=&month=&day=&view= Japan Meteorological Agency ]
}}

==History==
In 1468, Norifusa Ichijo, an aristocrat, fled [[Kyoto]] with his family to escape the chaos of the [[Onin War]], which devastated the city.<ref name="history03">{{cite web |url= http://www.city.shimanto.lg.jp/history/doc/pdf/03.pdf |script-title=ja:小京都中村の歴史（その３）|trans-title=The history of Little Kyoto Nakamura (Part 3)|publisher= City of Shimanto |location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 7 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="jnto">{{cite web |url= http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/spot/castles/nakamura.html|title= Nakamura Castle|work= Japan: the Official Guide|publisher= Japan National Tourist Organization|location= Japan|access-date= 7 December 2013 }}</ref> He settled in Nakamura, in what is now part of Shimanto.<ref name="history03"/> The Ichijo family established a stronghold there, and they modelled Nakamura on Kyoto, giving rise to the nickname of "the little Kyoto of Tosa",<ref name="history01">{{cite web |url= http://www.city.shimanto.lg.jp/history/doc/pdf/01.pdf|script-title=ja:小京都中村の歴史（その１）|trans-title=The history of Little Kyoto Nakamura (Part 1)|publisher= City of Shimanto |location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 7 December 2013}}</ref> Tosa being the former name of [[Kōchi Prefecture]].

Nakamura maintained itself as a small castle town until 1689.<ref name="Notehelfer">{{cite book| last = Notehelfer| first = Frederick George| year = 1971| title = Kōtoku Shūsui: Portrait of a Japanese Radical| publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]| location = Cambridge|chapter = Chapter 4: Pacifist opposition to the Russo-Japanese War, 1903–5| page = 4| isbn = 978-0-521-07989-1| oclc = 142930| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qa88AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA106| lccn = 76134620}}</ref> In this year, the head of the Nakamura fief was punished for the offence of turning down a post on the Tokugawa Junior Council.<ref name="Notehelfer"/> The local castle was destroyed, the fief's finances were confiscated, retainers were stripped of their incomes, and the samurai dwellings were destroyed, forcing them to scatter and become farmers or merchants.<ref name="Notehelfer"/> The Nakamura area lost a great deal of wealth and independence, and became a minor rural region.<ref name="Notehelfer"/>

Shimanto was almost entirely destroyed by the [[1946 Nankai earthquake]].<ref name="travel-around-japan">{{cite web |url= http://www.travel-around-japan.com/k83-05-shimanto.html|title= Shimanto city|year= 2013|work= Let's travel around Japan!|publisher= travel-around-japan.com|location= Japan|access-date= 7 December 2013}}</ref> Photographs of the area after the earthquake can be seen in the city museum. The city has since been rebuilt, but very few historical buildings remain.<ref name="travel-around-japan"/>

==Transportation==
===Railway===
[[Tosa Kuroshio Railway]] [[Nakamura Line]]
* {{STN|Nakamura}}
[[Tosa Kuroshio Railway]] [[Sukumo Line]]
* {{STN|Gudō}}
* {{STN|Kunimi}}
* {{STN|Arioka}}
===Highway===
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|56}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|439}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|441}}
* [[Nakamura Sukumo Road]]

==Tourist spots==
* Nakamura Castle<ref name="jnto"/>
* Taiheiji Temple<ref name="travel-around-japan"/>
* Fuba-Hachimanguu Shrine<ref name="travel-around-japan"/>
* Ichijo Shrine<ref name="travel-around-japan"/>
* Dragonfly Natural Park<ref name="travel-around-japan"/>

==Notable people==
*[[Shūsui Kōtoku]] (1871-1911), radical journalist who played a key role in introducing anarchism to Japan in the early 20th century, executed for treason<ref name="Notehelfer"/>
*[[Torahiko Miyahata]] (1903-1988), freestyle swimmer who represented Japan in the [[1924 Summer Olympics]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200417212613/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mi/torahiko-miyahata-1.html Torahiko Miyahata at Sports Reference]</ref>
*[[Mayo Okamoto]] (1974-), pop singer-songwriter, whose 1995 debut single "Tomorrow" reached number 1 on the [[Oricon]] weekly single charts<ref>http://www.mayo-okamoto.com/profile/om/profile/</ref> {{failed verification|date=December 2013}}

==Sister cities==
The following cities were twinned with Nakamura before it became part of Shimanto.{{Citation needed|date=December 2013}}

===Domestic===
* {{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Betsukai, Hokkaido]]
* {{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Shionoe, Kagawa]]

===International===
* {{Flagicon|China}} [[Bozhou, Anhui]], China

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Shimanto, Kochi (city)}}
*{{Official website}} {{in lang|ja}}
*{{osmrelation-inline|4033444}}

{{Kōchi Prefecture}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shimanto, Kochi (City)}}
[[Category:Cities in Kōchi Prefecture]]

Kōchi Expressway

2021-08-24T01:48:58Z

202.255.28.252:

{{Infobox road
|country=JPN
|type=Expressway
|route=Kochi
|alternate_name=高知自動車道 [[File:E32 Expressway (Japan).png|48px|link=|alt=]] [[File:E56 Expressway (Japan).png|48px|link=|alt=]]
|map={{Highway system OSM map
| highway_system_qid = Q5228578
| frame-lat = 33.8
| frame-long = 133.7
| frame-width = 300
| frame-height = 300
| zoom = 7
| plain = yes
}}
|map_custom=yes
|length_km= 206.5
|length_round=1
|length_ref=
|established= 1987
|terminus_a= [[Shikokuchūō]]
|cities=
|terminus_b= [[Kuroshio, Kōchi]]
}}
The {{nihongo|'''Kōchi Expressway'''|高知自動車道|Kōchi Jidōsha-dō}} is a national [[Expressways of Japan|expressway]] in the [[Shikoku region]] of [[Japan]]. The expressway is numbered '''E32''' between Kawanoe Junction and Kōchi Interchange and '''E56''' between Kōchi and Kuroshio-Ōgata Interchanges under the MLIT's "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/sign/numbering/en/list/index.html|title=Japan’s Expressway Numbering System|website=www.mlit.go.jp}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The first section of the expressway was opened to traffic in 1992. As of March 2008 the expressway incomplete in many areas. The next section is scheduled to open in 2009 (Susaki-Higashi Interchange to Shinshōgawa-bashi East Interchange). After this, all future sections will be built according to the New Direct Control System, whereby the burden for construction costs will be shared by the national and local governments and no tolls will be collected. Currently the section between Susaki-Higashi Interchange and Kuroshio-Ōgata Interchange operates according to this principle.

The expressway is 4 lanes from Kawanoe Junction to Kōchi Interchange, and 2 lanes for all remaining sections.

==List of interchanges and features==

* IC - [[Interchange (road)|interchange]], SIC - [[smart interchange]], JCT - [[Interchange (road)#Between two highways|junction]], SA - [[Rest area|service area]], PA - [[parking area]], BS - [[bus stop]], TN - [[tunnel]], TB - [[toll gate]]

The expressway is a direct extension of the Takamatsu Expressway. Therefore, the distance and exit numbers continue from the sequence of the Takamatsu Expressway, starting at {{convert|56.8|km|mi}}.
{|table class="wikitable"
|-
!style="border-bottom:3px solid green;"|No.
!style="border-bottom:3px solid green;"|Name
!style="border-bottom:3px solid green;"|Connections
!style="border-bottom:3px solid green;"|Dist. from Origin
!style="border-bottom:3px solid green;"|Bus Stop
!style="border-bottom:3px solid green;"|Notes
!colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid green;"|Location
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|6
|[[Kawanoe Junction|Kawanoe JCT]]
|[[File:E11 Expressway (Japan).png|25px]] [[Takamatsu Expressway]] [[File:E11 Expressway (Japan).png|25px]] [[Matsuyama Expressway]]
|style="text-align:right;"|56.8
|style="text-align:center;"|
|
|rowspan="4"|[[Shikokuchūō]]
|rowspan="4" style="width:1em;"|[[Ehime Prefecture|Ehime]]
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|7
|[[Kawanoe-Higashi Junction|Kawanoe-Higashi JCT]]
|[[File:E32 Expressway (Japan).png|25px]] [[Tokushima Expressway]]
|style="text-align:right;"|59.2
|style="text-align:center;"|
|
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|8
|[[Shingū Interchange|Shingū IC]]
|Pref. Route 5 (Kawanoe Ōtoyo Route)
|style="text-align:right;"|67.8
|style="text-align:center;"|
|
|-
!style="background:#bfb;"|PA
|[[Umatate Parking Area|Umatate PA]]
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:right;"|69.5
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:center;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|Kawanoe-bound only
|-
!style="background:#bfb;"|PA
|[[Tachikawa Parking Area|Tachikawa PA]]
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:right;"|80.5
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:center;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|Kōchi-bound only
|rowspan="2"|[[Ōtoyo, Kōchi|Ōtoyo]]
|rowspan="17" style="width:1em;"|[[Kōchi Prefecture|Kōchi]]
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|9
|[[Ōtoyo Interchange|Ōtoyo IC/BS]]
|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0439.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 439|National Route 439]]
|style="text-align:right;"|86.0
|style="text-align:center;"|○
|
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|10
|[[Nankoku Interchange|Nankoku IC]]
|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0032.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 32|National Route 32]]
|style="text-align:right;"|107.0
|style="text-align:center;"|
|
|rowspan="2"|[[Nankoku, Kōchi|Nankoku]]
|-
!style="background-color:#BFB;"|SA
|[[Nankoku Service Area|Nankoku SA]]
|
|style="text-align:right;"|109.7
|style="text-align:center;"|
|
|-
!rowspan="2" style="background-color: #BFB;"|11
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|[[Kōchi Junction|Kōchi JCT]]
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|[[File:E55 Expressway (Japan).png|25px]] [[Kōchi-Tōbu Expressway]]
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; "|114.7
|style=style="background-color:#ffdead; text-align:center;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|Expected to open in 2020
|rowspan="2"|[[Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi]]
|-
|[[Kōchi Interchange|Kōchi IC]]
|Pref. Route 44 (Kōchi Kita Kanjō Route)
|
|
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|12
|[[Ino Interchange|Ino IC]]
|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0033.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 33|National Route 33]] ([[Kōchi-Nishi Bypass]])
|style="text-align:right;"|125.0
|style="text-align:center;"|
|
|[[Ino, Kōchi|Ino]]
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|13
|[[Tosa Interchange|Tosa IC]]
|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]] ([[Tosa-shi Bypass]])
|style="text-align:right;"|134.0
|style="text-align:center;"|
|
|rowspan="2"|[[Tosa, Kōchi|Tosa]]
|-
!style="background-color:#BFB;"|13-1
|[[Tosa Parking Area|Tosa PA/SIC]]
|
|style="text-align:right;"|139.5
|style="text-align:center;"|
|SIC: Kōchi-bound Open 06:00-22:00
|-
!style="background-color: #BFB;"|TB
|[[Susaki-Higashi Toll Gate|Susaki-Higashi TB]]
|style="background-color:#dcdcfe;"|
|style="background-color:#dcdcfe; text-align:right; "|148.5
|style="background-color:#dcdcfe;"|
|style="background-color:#dcdcfe;"|
|rowspan="5"|[[Susaki, Kōchi|Susaki]]
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|14
|[[Susaki-Higashi Interchange|Susaki-Higashi IC]]
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]]
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:right;"|148.9
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:center;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|Kuroshio-bound exit, Kōchi-bound entrance only
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|15
|[[Susaki-Chūō Interchange|Susaki-Chūō IC]]
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]] Pref. Route 310 (Susaki Teishajō Route)
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:right;"|152.2
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:center;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|Kuroshio-bound exit, Kōchi-bound entrance only
|-
!style="background-color: #BFB;"|
|style="background-color:#CCC;"|[[Shinshōgawa-bashi East Temporary Interchange]]
|style="background-color:#CCC;"|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]]
|style="background-color:#CCC; text-align:right; "|153.4
|style="background-color:#CCC; text-align:center; "|
|style="background-color:#CCC;"|abandoned on March 5, 2011
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|16
|[[Susaki-Nishi Interchange|Susaki-Nishi IC]]
|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]]
|style="text-align:right;"|153.8
|style="text-align:center;"|
|
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|17
|[[Nakatosa Interchange|Nakatosa IC]]
|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]]
|style="text-align:right;"|160.6
|style="text-align:center;"|
|
|[[Nakatosa, Kōchi|Nakatosa]]
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|18
|[[Shimantochō-Higashi Interchange|Shimantochō-Higashi IC]]
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|Pref. Route 387 (Shimantochō-Higashi Inter Route)
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:right;"|169.2
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:center;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|Kuroshio-bound exit, Kōchi-bound entrance only
|rowspan="2"|[[Shimanto, Kōchi (town)|Shimanto]]
|-
!style="background-color:#BFB;"|19
|[[Shimantochō-Chūō Interchange|Shimantochō-Chūō IC]]
|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]]
|style="text-align:right;"|175.3
|style="text-align:center;"|
|
|-
|-
|colspan="8" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffdead;"|'''Planned route''' Through to [[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]]
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|20
|[[Shimantochō-Nishi Interchange|Shimantochō-Nishi IC]]
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]]
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:right;"|180.7
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:center;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|Shimanto-bound exit, Kuroshio-bound entrance only
|[[Shimanto, Kōchi (town)|Shimanto]]
|rowspan="5" style="width:1em;"|[[Kōchi Prefecture|Kōchi]]
|-
! style="background:#bfb;"|21
|[[Kuroshio-Okobushinokawa Interchange|Kuroshio-Okobushinokawa IC]]
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]]
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:right;"|186.3
|style="background-color:#ffdddd; text-align:center;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdddd;"|Shimanto-bound entrance only
|rowspan="5"|[[Kuroshio, Kōchi|Kuroshio]]
|-
!style="background-color: #BFB;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|[[Kuroshio-Saga Interchange|Kuroshio-Saga IC]]
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]]
|style="background-color:#ffdead; text-align:right; "|192.5
|style="background-color:#ffdead; text-align:center; "|
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|Planned
|-
!style="background-color: #BFB;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|[[Kuroshio-Kamikawaguchi Interchange|Kuroshio-Kamikawaguchi IC]]
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|Pref. Route 55 (Ōgata Taishō Route)
|style="background-color:#ffdead; text-align:right; "|200.3
|style="background-color:#ffdead; text-align:center; "|
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|Planned
|-
!style="background-color: #BFB;"|
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|[[Kuroshio-Ōgata Interchange|Kuroshio-Ōgata IC]]
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|[[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[Japan National Route 56|National Route 56]]
|style="background-color:#ffdead; text-align:right; "|206.5
|style="background-color:#ffdead; text-align:center; "|
|style="background-color:#ffdead;"|Planned
|-
|colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|Through to [[Image:Japanese National Route Sign 0056.svg|20px]] [[File:E56 Expressway (Japan).png|25px]] [[Nakamura Sukumo Road]]
{{jctbtm|col=8|keys=closed,incomplete,toll,unbuilt}}

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
*{{in lang|ja}} [http://www.w-nexco.co.jp/ West Nippon Expressway Company]

{{West Nippon Expressway Company}}
{{Expressways of Japan}}

[[Category:Expressways in Japan]]
[[Category:Roads in Ehime Prefecture]]
[[Category:Roads in Kōchi Prefecture]]

Tazawako Line

2021-08-11T23:00:07Z

202.255.28.252: /* History */

{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Tazawako Line
| native_name = 田沢湖線
| native_name_lang = ja
| color = DA70D6 
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Tazawako 701-5000 Morioka 20070310.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = [[701 series|701-5000 series]] EMU at [[Morioka Station]]
| type = Heavy rail
| system =
| status =
| locale = [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]], [[Akita Prefecture|Akita]] prefectures
| start = {{STN|Morioka}}
| end = {{STN|Ōmagari|Akita}}
| stations = 19
| routes =
| daily_ridership =
| open = {{Start date|1921|06|25|df=y}}
| close =
| owner =
| operator = [[JR East]]
| character =
| depot =
| stock = [[701 series]]
| linelength = {{convert|75.6|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1435mm}}
| electrification = 20,000 V AC, 50 Hz [[overhead catenary]]
| speed = {{Convert|130|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}}
| elevation =
| map = [[File:JR Tazawako Line linemap.svg|200px]]
| map_state =
}}
{| {{Railway line header|collapse=yes}}
{{BS-header|Route map}}
{{BS-table}}
{{BS4|STR||||||[[Tōhoku Shinkansen]] |}}
{{BS4|STR||STR||||↑[[Tōhoku Main Line]]|}}
{{BS4|BHF|KBHFa|BHF|KBHFa|0.0|{{rint|ja|shinkansen|akita}} {{STN|Morioka}}||}}
{{BS4|STR|KRWg+l|KRWgr|STR||||}}
{{BS4|KRZo|STRr|O2=KRWl|KRWg+r|STR|||[[Yamada Line (JR East)|Yamada Line]]|}}
{{BS4|ABZgl|STRq|KRZu|ABZg+r||||}}
{{BS4|STRr||STR|STR|||Tōhoku Shinkansen |}}
{{BS4|STRq|STRq|STRr|O3=STRc2|STR3|||[[Iwate Galaxy Railway Line]]|}}
{{BS4|||STR+1|STRc4||||}}
{{BS2||BHF|6.0|{{STN|Ōkama}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|10.5|{{STN|Koiwai}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|16.0|{{rint|ja|shinkansen|akita}} {{STN|Shizukuishi}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|18.7|{{STN|Harukiba}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|22.0|{{STN|Akabuchi}}||}}
{{BS2|exKBHFaq|eABZgr|''Hashiba''|closed 1944|}}
{{BS2||DST|28.6|Ochizawa Signal||}}
{{BS2||tSTRa||Sengan Tunnel||3915m}}
{{BS2||tSTR+GRZq|||[[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]]／[[Akita Prefecture|Akita]] border|}}
{{BS2||tSTRe||||}}
{{BS2||DST|34.4|Shiodonai Signal||}}
{{BS2||BHF|40.1|{{rint|ja|shinkansen|akita}}{{STN|Tazawako}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|44.4|{{STN|Sashimaki}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|52.8|{{STN|Jindai}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|55.3|{{STN|Shōden}}||}}
{{BS2|STR+r|STR|||[[Akita Nairiku Jūkan Railway Akita Nairiku Line]]|}}
{{BS2|KBHFe|BHF|58.8|{{rint|ja|shinkansen|akita}} {{STN|Kakunodate}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|61.6|{{STN|Uguisuno}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|64.6|{{STN|Ugo-Nagano}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|67.9|{{STN|Yariminai}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|70.2|{{STN|Ugo-Yotsuya}}||}}
{{BS2||BHF|72.0|{{STN|Kita-Ōmagari}}||}}
{{BS4|||ABZql|KBHFeq|75.6|{{rint|ja|shinkansen|akita}} {{STN|Ōmagari|Akita}}||}}
{{BS4|||STRq|BHFq|||[[Ōu Main Line]]|}}
|}
|}

The {{Nihongo|'''Tazawako Line'''|田沢湖線|Tazawako-sen}} is a railway line operated by [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) connecting [[Morioka Station]] in [[Morioka, Iwate]] and [[Ōmagari Station (Akita)|Ōmagari Station]] in [[Daisen, Akita]], Japan.

[[Akita Shinkansen]] ''[[Komachi　(train)|Komachi]]'' trains travel over the line, which was regauged in 1997 from {{RailGauge|1067mm}} to {{RailGauge|1435mm}}.

==Station list==
[[Akita Shinkansen]] ''[[Komachi　(train)|Komachi]]'' trains stop at stations marked "●".

{| class="wikitable" rules="all"
!Station
!Japanese
!style="width: 2.5em"|Distance (km) from Morioka
!style="width: 2.5em"|''[[Komachi　(train)|Komachi]]''
!Transfers
!rowspan="1"| 
!colspan="2"|Location
|-
|{{STN|Morioka}}
|盛岡
|style="text-align: right"|0.0
|style="text-align: center"|●
|[[Akita Shinkansen]], [[Tohoku Shinkansen]], [[Tohoku Main Line]], [[Yamada Line (JR East)|Yamada Line]] [[Iwate Galaxy Railway Line]]
|v
|[[Morioka, Iwate|Morioka]]
|rowspan=6|[[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]]
|-
|{{STN|Ōkama}}
|大釜
|style="text-align: right"|6.0
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|◇
|rowspan=2|[[Takizawa, Iwate|Takizawa]]
|-
|{{STN|Koiwai}}
|小岩井
|style="text-align: right"|10.5
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|◇
|-
|{{STN|Shizukuishi}}
|雫石
|style="text-align: right"|16.0
|style="text-align: center"|●
| 
|◇
|rowspan=3|[[Shizukuishi, Iwate|Shizukuishi]]
|-
|{{STN|Harukiba}}
|春木場
|style="text-align: right"|18.7
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|｜
|-
|{{STN|Akabuchi}}
|赤渕
|style="text-align: right"|22.0
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|◇
|-
|{{STN|Tazawako}}
|田沢湖
|style="text-align: right"|40.1
|style="text-align: center"|●
| 
|◇
|rowspan=5|[[Senboku, Akita|Senboku]]
|rowspan=11|[[Akita Prefecture|Akita]]
|-
|{{STN|Sashimaki}}
|刺巻
|style="text-align: right"|44.4
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|◇
|-
|{{STN|Jindai}}
|神代
|style="text-align: right"|52.8
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|◇
|-
|{{STN|Shōden}}
|生田
|style="text-align: right"|55.3
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|｜
|-
|{{STN|Kakunodate}}
|角館
|style="text-align: right"|58.8
|style="text-align: center"|●
|[[Akita Nairiku Jūkan Railway Akita Nairiku Line]]
|◇
|-
|{{STN|Uguisuno}}
|鶯野
|style="text-align: right"|61.6
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|｜
|rowspan=6|[[Daisen, Akita|Daisen]]
|-
|{{STN|Ugo-Nagano}}
|羽後長野
|style="text-align: right"|64.6
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|◇
|-
|{{STN|Yariminai}}
|鑓見内
|style="text-align: right"|67.9
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|｜
|-
|{{STN|Ugo-Yotsuya}}
|羽後四ツ屋
|style="text-align: right"|70.2
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|◇
|-
|{{STN|Kita-Ōmagari}}
|北大曲
|style="text-align: right"|72.0
|style="text-align: center"|｜
| 
|｜
|-
|{{STN|Ōmagari|Akita}}
|大曲
|style="text-align: right"|75.6
|style="text-align: center"|●
|[[Ōu Main Line]], [[Akita Shinkansen]] (for {{STN|Akita}})
|^
|}

;Passing loops
* {{Nihongo|Ōchizawa passing loop|[[:ja:大地沢信号場|大地沢信号場]]|Ōchizawa-shingōjō}} is a passing loop located in [[Shizukuishi, Iwate]]. ({{Coord|39.674763|140.842074|format=dms|display=inline|type:landmark_region:JP}})
* {{Nihongo|Shidonai passing loop|[[:ja:志度内信号場|志度内信号場]]|Shidonai-shingōjō}} is a passing loop located in [[Senboku, Akita]].({{Coord|39.690316|140.780134|format=dms|display=inline|type:landmark_region:JP}})

==History==
The section from Morioka to Shizukuishi opened on 25 June 1921, as the {{Nihongo|Hashiba Light Railway|橋場軽便}}, and was extended to Hashiba on 2 September 1922.<ref name="teishajo1998">{{cite book |script-title=ja: 停車場変遷大辞典国鉄・JR編 |trans-title= Station Transition Directory - JNR/JR|publisher = JTB | editor1-last = Ishino| editor1-first = Tetsu| year = 1998 |location = Japan |language = Japanese | volume = I|page = 75|isbn = 4-533-02980-9}}</ref> Services to [[Hashiba Station]] ended in the 1940s.

In 1964, the Shizukuishi to Akabuchi section opened, and upon completion of the 3,915 m Sengan Tunnel, the Akabuchi to Tazawako section opened on 20 October 1966, completing the line.<ref name="teishajo1998"/>

Freight services ceased in 1982, the year the entire line was electrified.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

In 1997, the line was converted to 1,435 mm gauge, and became part of the [[Akita Shinkansen]], with standard-gauge [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) trains providing local services on the line.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/result.aspx?mode=2&rosen=44=1=%93c%91%F2%8C%CE%90%FC Stations of the Tazawako Line] (JR East) {{in lang|ja}}

{{East Japan Railway Company Lines}}
{{Akita transit}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tazawako Line| ]]
[[Category:Lines of East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Iwate Prefecture]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Akita Prefecture]]
[[Category:Standard gauge railways in Japan]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1921]]
[[Category:1921 establishments in Japan]]

Mobara

2021-08-04T04:55:53Z

202.255.28.252:

{{Infobox settlement

| name = {{raise|0.2em|Mobara}}
| native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|ja|茂原市}}}}}}
| official_name =
| native_name_lang = ja
| settlement_type = [[Cities of Japan|City]]

| image_skyline = MobaraCityOffice20120819.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mobara City Hall
| image_flag = Flag of Mobara, Chiba.svg
| flag_alt =
| image_blank_emblem = Emblem of Mobara, Chiba.svg
| blank_emblem_type = Emblem
| nickname =
| motto =

| image_map = Mobara in Chiba Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Mobara in Chiba Prefecture
| pushpin_map = Japan
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =  
| coordinates = {{coord|35|25|42.7|N|140|17|17|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 

| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[Japan]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kantō region|Kantō]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =

| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =

| seat_type = 
| seat =

| government_footnotes = 
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 = 

| total_type = 
| unit_pref = 

| area_magnitude = 
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = 99.92
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =

| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m =

| population_footnotes = 
| population_total = 88330
| population_as_of = December 1, 2020
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_demonym = 
| population_note =

| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +9
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =

| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =

| blank_name_sec1 = City Symbols
| blank1_name_sec1 = - Tree
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Azalea]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = - Flower
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Cosmos (plant)|Cosmos]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = - Bird
| blank3_info_sec1 =
| blank4_name_sec1 =
| blank4_info_sec1 =
| blank5_name_sec1 =
| blank5_info_sec1 =
| blank6_name_sec1 =
| blank6_info_sec1 =
| blank7_name_sec1 =
| blank7_info_sec1 =

| blank_name_sec2 = Phone number
| blank_info_sec2 = 0475-33-2111
| blank1_name_sec2 = Address
| blank1_info_sec2 = 1 Dōbyō, Mobara-shi, Chiba-ken 297-8511

| website = {{Official|1=http://www.city.mobara.chiba.jp/}}
| footnotes =
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Mobara'''|茂原市|Mobara-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Chiba Prefecture]]. {{As of|2020|12|01}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 88,330 in 40,869 households and a [[population density]] of 880 persons per km².<ref name="Mobara-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.mobara.chiba.jp |title= Mobara city official statistics|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate=}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|99.92|sqkm|sqmi}}

==Geography==
Mobara is located in an inland area of north-central [[Bōsō Peninsula]], about 25 kilometers from the prefectural capital at [[Chiba (city)|Chiba]] and 50 to 60 kilometers from the center of Tokyo. Most of the city is the Kujukuri Plain, and the mountains in the western part of the city are formed by the [[Bōsō Hill Range]]. The elevation of the city is about 8 to 9 meters above sea level in the lowlands of the southeast, about 11 meters in the city, and 20 to 100 meters in the west, with a maximum of 117.7 meters. In some areas, [[land subsidence]] due to human factors such as pumping of surface groundwater and natural gas brackish water has become a problem, and subsidence of up to about 10 cm has been observed.

===Surrounding municipalities===
Chiba Prefecture
*[[Midori-ku, Chiba]]
*[[Ichihara, Chiba|Ichihara]]
*[[Nagara, Chiba|Nagara]]
*[[Chōnan, Chiba|Chōnan]]
*[[Shirako, Chiba|Shirako]]
*[[Ōamishirasato, Chiba|Ōamishirasato]]

==Climate==
Mobara has a [[Humid subtropical climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Mobara is 15.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1640 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.5 °C, and lowest in January, at around 6.1 °C.<ref>[https://en.climate-data.org/asia/japan/chiba/mobara-764726/ Mobara climate data]</ref>

==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-chiba.php Mobara population statistics]</ref> the population of Mobara has been gradually steadily over the past 100 years, but has now leveled off.

{{Historical populations
| 1920 | 29,397
| 1930 | 31,014
| 1940 | 33,110
| 1950 | 45,753
| 1960 | 50,471
| 1970 | 58,203
| 1980 | 71,521
| 1990 | 83,437
| 2000 | 93,779
| 2010 | 90,012
|align = none
| footnote =
}}
[[file:茂原公園桜風景.JPG|thumb|right|260px|Mobara Park]]
==History==
===Early history===
Mobara was settled from the earliest times, as evidenced by archaeological sites and [[midden|shell mounds]] dating from the [[Jōmon period]] and [[Yayoi period]]s. The city also has examples of ''[[kofun]],'' or burial mounds, from the [[Kofun period]]. The area was the location of at least two ''[[shōen]]'' estates, the Mobara-sō and the Tachibana-sō, in the [[Heian period]]. At the beginning of the [[Edo period]], in 1591, an extensive land survey was carried out by the [[Tokugawa clan]].

===Modern history===
The town of Mobara was created during the early [[Meiji period]] establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889 in [[Chōsei District, Chiba|Chōsei District]]. The Bōsō Tetsudo, now the JR [[Sotobō Line]], was established in 1897 between [[Ichinomiya, Chiba|Ichinomiya]] and [[Ōami Station]] in present-day [[Ōamishirasato, Chiba|Ōamishirasato]]. [[Mobara Station]] was one station established on the line, thus connecting Mobara to the wider rail network. In 1909 a [[handcar]] system ran from Mobara Station and Chōnan. The handcar railroad was constructed and operated by the prefecture.

===World War II===
A base for the [[252 Air Group]] of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] (IJN), a [[fighter aircraft]] unit, was established in Mobara.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201908300004.html|title=Man searches in Chiba for crash sites of Japanese warplanes|last=INADA|first=HIROKAZU|date=30 August 2019|work=The Asahi Shimbun|access-date=20 September 2019}}</ref> In 1941, by order of the IJN, 100 residences and their associated farmland, schools, town halls, police substations, temples, and shrines were forcibly confiscated without warning to build the base. [[Mobara Airfield]] was completed using a ''kinrō dōin'' group that consisted of the forced labor of [[Koreans in Japan|Korean residents]] in Japan and students from Chōsei Middle School students in 1943. The airfield was located on the east banks of the small Aku River, directly to the east of [[Mobara Station]] along the present-day [[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]] [[Sotobō Line]], and consisted of a runway and 20 structures, some of them concealed underground. ''Tokubetsu kōgekitai'', or [[kamikaze]] units, were sent from Mobara Airfield to the IJN Kokubu Air Corps in present-day [[Kirishima, Kagoshima|Kirishima]], [[Kagoshima Prefecture]] to attack American forces off [[Okinawa]]. The United States confiscated the airfield shortly after the [[surrender of Japan]] in 1945. Remains of the [[runway]], approximately ten airfield structures, and a tunnel are now on the property of the [[Mitsui Chemicals]].<ref name="imao">{{cite book | last = Imao | first = Keisuke | title = Chizu de yomu sensō no jidai: egakareta Nihon, egakarenakatta Nihon | year = 2011 | publisher = Hakusuisha | location = Tokyo | language = Japanese | isbn = 9784560081181 | oclc = 709666060 | page = 240}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.warbirds.jp/ansq/6/F2000414.html | title= 414: Sensō no hi no 1945-nen 8-gatsu 15-nichi gozen [...] | accessdate = 2012-05-22}}</ref>

===Post-war history===
At the end of World War II, the [[113th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|113th Cavalry Regiment]] of the [[United States Army]] occupied the Mobara Airfield. The [[Japan Self-Defense Forces]] attempted to reoccupy the base in 1954, but after organized efforts by residents, agricultural organizations, the town and prefectural governments, the plans were abandoned the following year. The site was used to build Mobara Middle School for the rapidly expanding population of the town.<ref name="imao"/>

On April 1, 1952, Mobara Town expanded by annexation of neighboring villages of Tōgō, Toyoda, Ninomiya-Hongō, Tsurue, and Gogō and was elevated to city status. On April 1, 1955, Mobara annexed the town of Chōnan. On May 1, 1972, Mobara merged with the neighboring town of Honnō. On December 11, 1990, the city was hit by an [[Fujita scale|F-3]] [[tornado]], which killed one person, injured 78, and damaged or destroyed 1,747 homes in the city.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/data/bosai/tornado/1990121104/list.html | title= 1990/12/11 19:13 千葉県茂原市で発生した竜巻 | publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency | location = Tokyo | language = Japanese | accessdate = 2012-05-21}}</ref>

==Government==
Mobara has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 22 members. Mobara contributes two members to the Chiba Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of [[Chiba 11th district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].

==Economy==
Mobara serves as a regional commerce center for surrounding [[Chōsei District, Chiba|Chōsei District]]. The economy of Mobara is dominated by electronics manufacturing. [[Futaba Corporation]], a major manufacturer of [[radio control]] models and toys, is headquartered in Mobara.<ref>"[http://www.futaba.co.jp/en/corporate/Network.html Network]." [[Futaba Corporation]]. Retrieved on 2015-03-29.</ref> Natural gas production is also important to the city; Kanto Natural Gas Development Co., Ltd. and Otaki Gas Co., Ltd. have headquarters here. Chemical production, centered on [[Mitsui Chemicals]], is the largest producer of [[iodine]] in Japan. 40% of the total world production of [[iodine]] is produced in Mobara. Much land in Mobara is still used for rice production. Additionally, ''negi'', or the ubiquitous [[Welsh onion]] of [[Japanese cuisine]], is an important agricultural product.

==Education==
Mobara has 14 public elementary schools and six public middle schools operated by the city government, and three public high schools operated by the Chiba Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one private high school.

==Transportation==
===Railway===
[[File:JR logo (east).svg|20px]] [[JR East]] – [[Sotobō Line]]
* {{STN|Honnō}} - {{STN|Shin-Mobara}} - {{STN|Mobara}}
===Highway===
* {{jct|country=JPN|Exp|C4}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|128}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|409}}

==Local attractions==
*Tachibana Jinja - a [[Shintō shrine]] connected with the [[Yamatotakeru]] mythology, the ''[[Ninomiya (shrine)|ninomiya]]'' of [[Kazusa Province]]
*[[Nyoirin-ji]] - a [[Nichiren Buddhism|Nichiren Buddhist]] temple

===Tanabata festival===
A popular annual event in Mobara is the ''[[Tanabata]]'' festival, during which a wide array of stalls and parades dominate much of the city's central shopping district. While the rest of Japan usually celebrates ''Tanabata'' on July 7, the Mobara festival is held in late July so as to coincide with school holidays.

==Sister city relations==
*{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Salisbury, South Australia]], Australia<ref name=International>{{cite web|url=http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=12&n=Chiba%20Prefecture|title=International Exchange|work=List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures|publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR)|language=English|accessdate=21 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204202/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=12&n=Chiba%20Prefecture|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}}</ref> (since May 25, 2002)

==Notable people from Mobara==
*[[Naoki Kawano]], actor and musician
*[[Ishii Kikujirō]], prewar diplomat and cabinet minister
*[[Michitaka Kobayashi]], voice actor
*[[Yuko Ogura]], gravure idol
*[[Yōko Shōji]], manga artist

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite encyclopedia| encyclopedia = Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (日本歴史地名大系 “Compendium of Japanese Historical Place Names”)| title = Mobara-shi| url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/| accessdate = 2011-10-19| year = 2011| publisher = Netto Adobansusha| location = Tokyo| date = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/| archivedate = 2007-08-25| url-status = dead}}
{{refend}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Mobara, Chiba}}
*[http://www.city.mobara.chiba.jp/ Official Website] {{in lang|ja}}

{{Chiba}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mobara| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Chiba Prefecture]]

Naoetsu Station

2021-08-02T07:25:56Z

202.255.28.252: /* Passenger statistics */

{{short description|Railway station in Jōetsu, Niigata Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Naoetsu Station
| native_name = 直江津駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Naoetsu-station.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Naoetsu Station in March 2010
| other_name =
| address = 1-1 Azuma-cho, Jōetsu-shi, Niigata-ken 942-0003
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|37.171021|138.243113|display=inline, title|type:railwaystation}}
| operator = {{Plainlist|
* [[File:JR logo (east).svg|20px]] [[JR East]]
* [[File:Echigo-TOKImeki logomark.svg|25px]] [[Echigo Tokimeki Railway]]
}}
| line = {{Plainlist|
* {{colorbull|DeepSkyBlue}} [[Shinetsu Main Line]]
* {{colorbull|MediumSpringGreen}} [[Myōkō Haneuma Line]]
* {{Colorbull|DodgerBlue}} [[Nihonkai Hisui Line]]
*{{colorbull|MediumVioletRed}} [[Hokuhoku Line]]
}}
| platforms = 3 island platforms
| connections =
| structure =
| code =
| status = Staffed (''[[Midori no Madoguchi]]'')
| opened = {{Start date|1886|08|15|df=y}}
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 2,203 daily (JR) 1,514 daily (Echigo)
| pass_year = FY2017
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=JR East
|line1=Shirayuki|right1=Kakizaki|through-left1=Echigo TOKImeki
|line2=Shin'etsu Main|note-mid2=Rapid|right2=Saigata
|line3=Shin'etsu Main|note-mid3=Local|right3=Kuroi
|system4=Echigo|line4=Shirayuki|left4=Kasugayama|through-right4=JR East|note-left4=(limited service)
|line5=Myoko Haneuma|left5=Kasugayama
|line6=Nihonkai Hisui|left6=Tanihama
|system7=Hokuhoku|line7=Hokuhoku|right7=Mushigawa-Ōsugi|note-mid7=Chō-Rapid|note-right7=(limited service)
|line8=Hokuhoku|right8=Kuroi|note-mid8=Rapid Local|note-right8=(limited service)}}
| map_type = Myoko Haneuma Line#Nihonkai Hisui Line#JR Shin'etsu Main Line#Hokuhoku Line#Japan
}}

{{nihongo|'''Naoetsu Station'''|直江津駅|Naoetsu-eki}} is a railway station in the city of [[Joetsu, Niigata|Jōetsu, Niigata]], Japan, jointly operated by [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) and the [[Public–private partnership#Japan|third-sector]] railway operator [[Echigo Tokimeki Railway]].

==Lines==
Naoetsu Station is served by the JR East [[Shinetsu Main Line]], and is a [[terminal station|terminus]] for the line, whose tracks are shared by the [[Hokuetsu Express]] [[Hokuhoku Line]]. The station also is served by the [[Echigo Tokimeki Railway Myōkō Haneuma Line]] and is located 37.7 kilometers from the starting point of the line at {{STN|Myōkō-Kōgen}} and 75.0 kilometers from {{STN|Nagano}}. On the [[Nihonkai Hisui Line]], it is located 59.3 kilometers from the starting point of the line at {{STN|Ichiburi}} and 353.8 kilometers from {{STN|Maibara}}.

==Station layout==
[[File:JR-East 485 Series Limited Express "Hokuetsu" at Naoetsu Station.jpg|thumb|Limited express ''[[Hokuetsu]]'' and platforms in July 2010]]
[[File:Naoetsu_Station_Kaisatsu_Guchi.jpg|thumb|Ticket barriers]]
The station has three [[island platform]]s with an elevated station building. The station has a ''[[Midori no Madoguchi]]'' staffed ticket office.

===Platforms===
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=1|first=2|name=Nihonkai Hisui Line|col= DodgerBlue|lwidth=250 |dir=for {{STN|Itoigawa}} and {{STN|Tomari|Toyama}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=2-4|span=3|linename= Myōkō Haneuma Line|linecol= MediumSpringGreen |dir= for {{STN|Arai|Niigata}} and {{STN|Myōkō-Kōgen}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex= Nihonkai Hisui Line|linecol= DodgerBlue |dir= for Itoigawa and Tomari}}
{{ja-rail-linem|linename=Shinetsu Main Line|linecol= DeepSkyBlue |dir= for {{STN|Nagaoka}} and {{STN|Niigata}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=5-6|span=4|nolinkindex=Myōkō Haneuma Line|linecol= MediumSpringGreen |dir= for Arai, Myōkō-Kōgen}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex= Nihonkai Hisui Line|linecol= DodgerBlue |dir= for Itoigawa and Tomari}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Shin'etsu Main Line|linecol= DeepSkyBlue |dir= for Nagaoka and Niigata}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=|first=3|linename=Hokuetsu Express Hokuhoku Line|linecol= MediumVioletRed |dir= for {{STN|Muikamachi}} and {{STN|Echigo-Yuzawa}}}}

==History==
[[File:旧直江津駅舎.jpg|thumb|Former building, September 1997]]
Naoetsu Station opened on 15 August 1886.<ref name="teishajo1998">{{cite book |title = 停車場変遷大辞典国鉄・JR編|trans-title=Station Transition Directory - JNR/JR| publisher = JTB | editor1-last = Ishino| editor1-first = Tetsu| year = 1998 | location = Japan | volume = II| page = 582| isbn = 4-533-02980-9}}</ref> With the [[privatization]] of [[JNR]] on 1 April 1987, the station came under the joint control of JR East and JR West.<ref name="teishajo1998"/>

From 14 March 2015, with the opening of the [[Hokuriku Shinkansen]] extension from {{STN|Nagano}} to {{STN|Kanazawa}}, local passenger operations over sections of the Shinetsu Main Line and Hokuriku Main Line running roughly parallel to the new shinkansen line were reassigned to [[Public–private partnership#Japan|third-sector]] railway operating companies.<ref name="mlit20140226">{{cite web |url= http://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/tetsudo03_hh_000054.html|script-title=ja:しなの鉄道（株）、えちごトキめき鉄道（株）、あいの風とやま鉄道（株）及びＩＲいしかわ鉄道（株）申請の第一種鉄道事業許可について
|trans-title=Details of railway business approval for Shinano Railway, Echigo Tokimeki Railway Company, Ainokaze Toyama Railway, and IR Ishikawa Railway|date= 26 February 2014|work= News release |publisher= Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 22 March 2014}}</ref> From this date, Naoetsu Station became a boundary station between the Myōkō Haneuma Line (former JR East Shinetsu Main Line) and the Nihonkai Hisui Line (former JR West Hokuriku Main Line) of the Niigata-owned [[Echigo Tokimeki Railway Company]].<ref name="mlit20140226"/>

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2017, the Myōkō Haneuma Line portion of the station was used by an average of 1,516 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="ETR2016stats">{{cite web |url= https://www.echigo-tokimeki.co.jp/company/conditions/|script-title=ja:平成29年度の乗車状況（平成29年4月1日～平成30年3月31日）［各駅の１日平均乗車人員|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2016)|year= 2017|publisher= Echigo Tokimeki Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 1 October 2018}}</ref>In fiscal 2017, the JR portion of the station was used by an average of 2,203 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="jreast2017stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/passenger/2017_04.html|script-title=ja: 各駅の乗車人員 (2017年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2017)|year= 2018|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 11 September 2018}}</ref>

==Surrounding area==
[[File:Naoetsu_Sta_Hotels_April2020.jpg|thumb|Hotels in front of the station, April 2020]]
** [[Sado Steam Ship]] Ferry Terminal

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.echigo-tokimeki.co.jp/guide/haneuma-line/#naoetsu Naoetsu Station (ETR Official Website)] {{in lang|ja}})
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=1081 Naoetsu Station (JR East Official Website)] {{in lang|ja}}

{{Shin'etsu Main Line (undivided)|s=true|e=true}}
{{Nihonkai Hisui Line}}
{{Hokuetsu Express Hokuhoku Line}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1986]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Niigata Prefecture]]
[[Category:Shin'etsu Main Line]]
[[Category:Stations of East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Stations of Hokuetsu Express]]
[[Category:Stations of Echigo Tokimeki Railway]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1886]]
[[Category:Jōetsu, Niigata]]

Tsuruga Station

2021-07-28T04:55:52Z

202.255.28.252: /* Future plans */

{{short description|Railway station in Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Tsuruga Station
| native_name = 敦賀駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = File:Turuga Station 2018.09.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Tsuruga Station in September 2018
| other_name =
| address = 1-1-24 Kanawa-cho, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui-ken 914-0026
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{Coord|35|38|41|N|136|4|36|E|type:railwaystation|display=inline, title}}
| operator = {{Plainlist|
* [[File:JR logo (west).svg|20px]] [[JR West]]
* [[File:JR logo (freight).svg|20px]] [[JR Freight]]
}}
| line = {{Plainlist|
* {{RouteBox|A|Hokuriku Main Line|#0072bc}} {{RouteBox|B|Hokuriku Main Line|#00bfff}} [[Hokuriku Main Line]]
* {{Colorbull|SteelBlue}} [[Obama Line]]
}}
| platforms = 3 [[island platform]]s
| tracks = 7
| connections =
| structure =
| code = JR-A01 (Hokuriku Main Line) JR-B08 (Kosei Line)
| status = Staffed ("[[Midori no Madoguchi]]")
| website = {{official|1=http://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top.php?id=0541413}}
| opened = 10 March 1882
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 3,610 daily
| pass_year = FY2016
| services =
| map_type = Japan
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Tsuruga Station'''|敦賀駅|Tsuruga-eki}} is a railway station in the city of [[Tsuruga, Fukui]], Japan, operated by [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR West). It is served by the [[Hokuriku Main Line]] and the [[Obama Line]]. A freight-only branch Line known as the Tsuruga Port Line operated by [[JR Freight]] also runs from this station.

==Lines==
Tsuruga Station is served by the [[Hokuriku Main Line]] and is located 45.9 kilometers from the terminus of the line at {{STN|Maibara}}. Trains of the [[Kosei Line]] also continue past their nominal terminus at {{STN|Ōmi-Shiotsu}} to terminate at this station. The station is also a terminus of the 84.3 kilometer [[Obama Line]] to {{STN|Higashi-Maizuru}}.

Tsuruga is scheduled to become a station on the high-speed [[Hokuriku Shinkansen]] line when the extension west of {{STN|Kanazawa}} opens around 2025.<ref name="Fukui route">{{cite web | url=http://info.pref.fukui.jp/sokou/s-hinkansen/2-2.html | title=Hokuriku Shinkansen route | publisher=Fukui Prefecture | access-date=20 July 2014 |language = ja}}</ref>

==Station layout==
[[File:JRW-tsuruga-platform-hokuriku-main-line.jpg|thumb|The platforms in March 2007]]
The station has three [[island platform]]s serving seven tracks. It has a "[[Midori no Madoguchi]]" staffed ticket office. The station platforms were rebuilt in December 2012, while a new station building was completed at the end of 2013. The overhead line power supply changes between 1,500 V DC and 20 kV AC (60 Hz) at this station (Hokuriku Main Line only).

===Platforms===
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=1-2|first=2|name=Obama Line|col=DarkBlue|dir=for {{STN|Obama}} and {{STN|Higashi-Maizuru}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=3|span=3|linename=Hokuriku Main Line|linecol=DodgerBlue |dir=Limited Express ''[[Raichō|Thunderbird]]'' and ''[[Shirasagi (train)|Shirasagi]]'' for {{STN|Kanazawa}}, {{STN|Toyama}}, and {{STN|Wakuraonsen}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Hokuriku Main Line|linecol=DodgerBlue|dir=Limited Express ''[[Shirasagi (train)|Shirasagi]]'' for {{STN|Awaraonsen}}, {{STN|Kanazawa}}, {{STN|Toyama}}, and {{STN|Wakuraonsen}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Hokuriku Main Line|linecol=DodgerBlue|dir=Local services for {{STN|Fukui|Fukui}} and {{STN|Kanazawa}}}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=4|nidx=Hokuriku Main Line|linecol=DodgerBlue|dir=[[Kosei Line]] Special Rapid / Local services for {{STN|Maibara}} and {{STN|Osaka}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=5|span=2|nolinkindex=Hokuriku Main Line|linecol=DodgerBlue |dir=Kosei Line Special Rapid / Local services for Maibara and Osaka}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Hokuriku Main Line|linecol=DodgerBlue|dir=Local services for Fukui and Kanazawa}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=6|span=2|nolinkindex=Hokuriku Main Line|linecol=DodgerBlue |dir=Limited Express ''[[Thunderbird (train)|Thunderbird]]'' for Osaka}}
{{ja-rail-linem|nolinkindex=Hokuriku Main Line|linecol=DodgerBlue|dir=Limited Express ''[[Shirasagi (train)|Shirasagi]]'' for {{STN|Maibara}} and {{STN|Nagoya}}}}
{{ja-rail-linem|pfn=7|span=2|nolinkindex=Hokuriku Main Line|linecol=DodgerBlue |dir=Kosei Line Special Rapid / Local services for Maibara and Osaka}}
{{ja-rail-linem|first=3|nolinkindex=Hokuriku Main Line|linecol=DodgerBlue|dir=Local services for Fukui and Kanazawa}}

<gallery>
File:敦賀駅 - panoramio (6).jpg|Tsuruga Station in September 2012
File:JR北陸本線敦賀駅 Tsuruga sta. 2014.8.25 - panoramio (1).jpg|New station building in August 2014
File:Turuga Station Midorino Madoguchi.jpg|Midori no Madoguchi ticket office in September 2018
File:TsurugaStationWheelMonument.JPG|Driving wheel monument in August 2006
</gallery>

==Adjacent stations==
{{J-railservice start}}
{{J-route|route=Hokuriku Main Line (Maibara - Tsuruga)|col=DodgerBlue|f=w}}
{{J-rserv|service=Special Rapid|col=darkblue|previous={{STN|Shin-Hikida}}|next=}}
{{J-rserv|service=Rapid|col=orangered|previous={{STN|Shin-Hikida}}|}}
{{J-rserv|service=Local|col=grey|previous={{STN|Shin-Hikida}}}}
{{J-route|route=Hokuriku Main Line (Tsuruga - Kanazawa)|col=DodgerBlue|f=w}}
{{J-rserv|service=Rapid|col=orangered|next={{STN|Imajo}}}}
{{J-rserv|service=Local|col=grey|next={{STN|Minami-Imajo}}}}
{{J-route|route=Obama Line|col=DarkBlue|f=w}}
{{J-rserv|service=Rapid|col=blue|next={{STN|Awano}}}}
{{J-rserv|service=Local|col=green|next={{STN|Nishi-Tsuruga}}}}
{{end box}}

==History==
Tsuruga Station opened on 10 March 1882.<ref name="jnr1985">{{cite book |title = 日本国有鉄道停車場一覧 |trans-title=JNR Station Directory | publisher = Japanese National Railways | year = 1985 | location = Japan | page = 43| isbn = 4-533-00503-9}}</ref> With the [[privatization]] of [[JNR]] on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR West.<ref name="teishajo1998">{{cite book |title = 停車場変遷大辞典国鉄・JR編|trans-title=Station Transition Directory - JNR/JR| publisher = JTB | editor1-last = Ishino| editor1-first = Tetsu| year = 1998 | location = Japan | volume = II| page = 132| isbn = 4-533-02980-9}}</ref>

===Future plans===
From October 2014, a gauge-changing test track was scheduled to be built next to the station on the site of the former motive power depot. The 180 m long test track will be used to test an experimental variable-gauge [[bogie]], which can be changed from {{Railgauge|1435mm}} to {{Railgauge|1067mm}} and vice versa. The aim is to prove durability in cold and snowy conditions with a view to using the variable-gauge [[Gauge Change Train]] on through services between the standard-gauge [[Hokuriku Shinkansen]] and narrow-gauge [[Hokuriku Main Line]] in the future.<ref name="tetsudo20140918">{{cite web |url= http://www.tetsudo.com/news/1154/|title=フリーゲージトレイン実験線を開設、JR西 |trans-title=JR West to build a Gauge Change Train test track |date=18 September 2014 |work=Tetsudo.com |publisher= Asahi Interactive Inc. |location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 19 September 2014}}</ref>

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 3,610 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="fukui_stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.pref.fukui.jp/doc/toukei-jouhou/nenkan_d/fil/12pdf.pdf|script-title=ja: 駅別JR貨客輸送状況(1日平均)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2016)|year= 2017|publisher= Fukui Prefectural Government|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 2 May 2018}}</ref>

==Surrounding area==
*Tsuruga Public Library
*[[Fukui University]], Tsuruga campus

==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top.php?id=0541413 JR West station information] {{in lang|ja}}

{{Hokuriku Main Line}}
{{Obama Line}}
{{Hokuriku Shinkansen}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Fukui Prefecture]]
[[Category:Stations of West Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1882]]
[[Category:Hokuriku Main Line]]
[[Category:Obama Line]]
[[Category:Stations of Japan Freight Railway Company]]
[[Category:Tsuruga, Fukui]]

Shin-Hikida Station

2021-07-28T04:51:42Z

202.255.28.252: /* Platforms */

{{short description|Railway station in Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Shin-Hikida Station
| native_name = 新疋田駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Shinhikida st.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Shin-Hikida Station in March 2007
| other_name =
| address = 70-8 Hikida, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui-ken 914-0302
| country = Japan
| coordinates ={{coord|35.5943|N|136.1006|E|type:railwaystation_region:JP|display=inline, title}}
| operator = [[File:JR logo (west).svg|20px]] [[JR West]]
| line = {{RouteBox|A|Hokuriku Main Line|#0072bc}} {{RouteBox|B|Hokuriku Main Line|#00bfff}} [[Hokuriku Main Line]]
| platforms = 2 side platforms
| tracks = 2
| distance = 39.2 km from {{STN|Maibara}}
| connections =
| structure =
| code = JR-A02 (Hokuriku Main Line) JR-B09 (Kosei Line)
| status = Unstaffed
| website = {{official|1=http://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top.php?id=0541411}}
| opened = 1 October 1957
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 23 daily
| pass_year = FY2016
| services =
| map_type = Japan
}}
{{nihongo|'''Shin-Hikida Station'''|新疋田駅|Shinhikida-eki}} is a [[railway station]] on the [[Hokuriku Main Line]] in the city of [[Tsuruga, Fukui|Tsuruga]], [[Fukui Prefecture]], [[Japan]], operated by the [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR West).

==Lines==
Shin-Hikida Station is served by the [[Hokuriku Main Line]] and is located 39.2 kilometers from the terminus of the line at {{STN|Maibara}}. Trains of the [[Kosei Line]] also continue past their nominal terminus at {{STN|Ōmi-Shiotsu}} to {{STN|Tsuruga}} and stop at this station.

==Station layout==
The station consists of two opposed unnumbered [[side platform]]s connected by a level crossing. The station is unattended.

===Platforms===
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=Station building side|first=2|name= Hokuriku Main Line|linecol= DodgerBlue |pwidth=150|dir= for {{STN|Tsuruga}} and {{STN|Fukui|Fukui}}}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=opposite side|first=3|nidx= Hokuriku Main Line|linecol= DodgerBlue |dir=for {{STN|Osaka}} and {{STN|Maibara}}}}

== Adjacent stations ==
{{J-railservice start}}
{{J-route|route=Hokuriku Main Line|col=DodgerBlue|f=w}}
{{J-rserv|service=Special Rapid|col=darkblue|previous=Tsuruga|next=Omi-Shiotsu}}
{{J-rserv|service=Rapid|col=orangered|previous=Tsuruga|next=Omi-Shiotsu}}
{{J-rserv|service=Local|col=grey|next={{STN|Omi-Shiotsu}}|previous={{STN|Tsuruga}}}}
{{S-end}}

==History==
Shin-Hikida Station opened on 1 October 1957. With the privatization of [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR West. A new station building was completed in October 2006.

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 23 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="fukui_stats">{{cite web |url= http://www.pref.fukui.jp/doc/toukei-jouhou/nenkan_d/fil/12pdf.pdf|script-title=ja: 駅別JR貨客輸送状況(1日平均)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2016)|year= 2017|publisher= Fukui Prefectural Government|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 2 May 2018}}</ref>

==Surrounding area==
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|161}}

==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
* {{official|1=http://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top.php?id=0541411}} {{in lang|ja}}

{{Hokuriku Main Line}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Fukui Prefecture]]
[[Category:Stations of West Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1957]]
[[Category:Hokuriku Main Line]]
[[Category:Tsuruga, Fukui]]

Yamaman Yūkarigaoka Line

2021-07-27T01:32:02Z

202.255.28.252: /* Buses */

{{infobox rail line
|name = Yūkarigaoka Line
|native_name = 山万ユーカリが丘線
|native_name_lang = ja
|color = mediumseagreen
|image = Yukarigaoka_Line.jpg
|image_width = 180px
|caption = Yūkarigaoka Line carriages at Yūkarigaoka Station
|type = [[People mover]]
|locale = [[Yūkarigaoka]] [[Sakura, Chiba]] [[Japan]]
|stations = 6
|open = {{Start date|1982|11|02|df=y}}
|yearcompleted = {{Start date|1983|09|22|df=y}}
|linelength = {{convert|4.1|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}
|electrification = 750 [[Direct current|DC]]
|speed_km/h = 50
|map={{BS-map|inline=1|map=
{{BS|BHFq|||[[File:Arrow Blue Left 001.jpeg|10px|Left]][[Keisei Electric Railway|Keisei]]: [[Keisei Main Line|Main Line]][[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.jpeg|10px|Right]]|}}
{{BS|uKBHFa||{{STN|Yūkarigaoka}}||}}
{{BS|uBHF||{{STN|Chiku Center}}||}}
{{BS|uBHF||{{STN|Kōen}}||}}
{{BS3|uSTR+l|uABZlr|uSTR+r||||}}
{{BS3|uSTRf||uBHF||{{STN|Ino|Chiba}}||}}
{{BS3|uBHF||uSTRg||{{STN|Joshidai}}||}}
{{BS3|uSTRl|uBHFq|uSTRr||{{STN|Chūgakkō}}||}}
}}}}
[[File:Yukargaokalinetrain-inside-video-nov6-2014.ogv|thumb|Inside one of the trains in motion, 2014]]
The {{Nihongo|'''Yūkarigaoka Line'''|ユーカリが丘線|Yūkarigaoka Sen}} is a [[Japan]]ese [[people mover]] of [[Yamaman]] Co., Ltd., the developer of [[Yūkarigaoka]] town. The line, which opened in two stages between November 2, 1982 and September 22, 1983, runs from [[Yūkarigaoka Station]] and the entire route is in [[Sakura, Chiba|Sakura]], [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]]. The line takes a racket-shaped route as shown in the route diagram.

==Description==
*Length: 4.1 km
*Stations: 6
*Track: single
*Traction: electric 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]]

==Stations list==
All stations are located in [[Sakura, Chiba]]. Trains run in the order listed.<ref>{{cite web |title=ユーカリが丘線路線図 |url=http://town.yukarigaoka.jp/yukariline/timetable/ |website=Yūkarigaoka |publisher=Yamayan |access-date=3 May 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" rules="all"
|-
!colspan="2"|Name
!style="width:3em;"|Distance (km)
!Connections
|-
|style="border-left:2px solid mediumseagreen;"|{{STN|Yūkarigaoka}}
|[[:ja:ユーカリが丘駅|ユーカリが丘]]
|style="text-align:right;"|0.0
|[[Keisei Main Line|{{KSLS|KS}} Keisei Main Line]]
|-
|style="border-left:2px solid mediumseagreen;"|{{STN|Chiku Center}}
|[[:ja:地区センター駅|地区センター]]
|style="text-align:right;"|0.6
| 
|-
|style="border-left:2px solid mediumseagreen;"|{{STN|Kōen}}
|[[:ja:公園駅|公園]]
|style="text-align:right;"|1.1
| 
|-
|style="border-left:2px solid mediumseagreen;"|{{STN|Joshidai}}
|[[:ja:女子大駅|女子大]]
|style="text-align:right;"|2.0
| 
|-
|style="border-left:2px solid mediumseagreen;"|{{STN|Chūgakkō}}
|[[:ja:中学校駅|中学校]]
|style="text-align:right;"|2.8
| 
|-
|style="border-left:2px solid mediumseagreen;"|{{STN|Ino|Chiba}}
|[[:ja:井野駅 (千葉県)|井野]]
|style="text-align:right;"|3.6
| 
|-
|style="border-left:2px solid mediumseagreen;"|Kōen
|公園
|style="text-align:right;"|4.1
| 
|-
|style="border-left:2px solid mediumseagreen;"|Chiku Center
|地区センター
|style="text-align:right;"|4.6
| 
|-
|style="border-left:2px solid mediumseagreen;"|Yūkarigaoka
|ユーカリが丘
|style="text-align:right;"|5.2
|{{KSLS|KS}} Keisei Main Line
|}

==Buses==
Since November 2020, ''Yamaman'' has established a bus department because the Yamaman Yukarigaoka Line has been difficult to use for elderly people who live in Yūkari-ga-Oka when moving around the vicinity and going shopping and so on. At first, ''Yamaman'' operated [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112232007/https://town.yukarigaoka.jp/yukariline/files/2020/07/2f429bf4513fc79ecda81343548f952c.pdf ''ここらら号 - Kokoara Gō''] as socialization experiment from 2013 to October 2020 for transportation poor people. So, now [https://town.yukarigaoka.jp/yukariline/bus/ Yamaman Yūkari-ga-Oka Community Bus ''こあら号 - Koara Gō'']<ref>[https://tetsudo-ch.com/10869677.html Establish Yamaman Bus]</ref> runs around Yamaman Yukarigaoka Line. And, the bus department of Yamaman has five routes, which you are able to ride on at flat rate of 200 yen (adult), 100 yen (child). The way of paying the fares is a face authentication. Vehicles are [[Hino Rainbow]] and [[Hino Poncho]].

==See also==
*[[List of rapid transit systems]]
==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Yamaman Yukarigaoka Line}}
{{Tokyo transit}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yamaman Yukarigaoka Line}}
[[Category:People mover systems in Japan]]

{{Japan-rail-line-stub}}

==External links==
*{{in lang|ja}} [http://town.yukarigaoka.jp/yukariline/ Official website]

Shin-Fuji Station (Shizuoka)

2021-07-21T02:49:14Z

202.255.28.252: /* History */

{{more footnotes|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Shin-Fuji Station
| native_name = 新富士駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = Shinfuji-Sta-N 20140806.jpg
| alt =
| caption = The north side of the station in August 2014
| other_name =
| address = 640 Narishima, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka-ken
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|35.142365|138.663199|type:railwaystation_scale:3000|display=inline, title}}
| operator = [[File:JR logo (central).svg|20px]] [[JR Central]]
| line = [[File:Shinkansen jrc.svg|20px]] [[Tokaido Shinkansen]]
| distance = 146.2 kilometers from {{STN|Tokyo}}
| platforms = 2 side platform
| connections =
| structure =
| code =
| status = Staffed ("[[Midori no Madoguchi]]" )
| opened = March 13, 1988
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 4818 daily
| pass_year = FY2017
| map_type = Japan Shizuoka Prefecture#Japan
| map_dot_label = Shin-Fuji Station
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=JR Central|line=Tokaido Shinkansen|type=Kodama|left=Shizuoka|right=Mishima}}
}}
{{nihongo|'''Shin-Fuji Station'''|新富士駅|Shin-Fuji-eki}} is a railway station on the [[Tokaido Shinkansen]] in the city of [[Fuji, Shizuoka]], Japan, operated by [[Central Japan Railway Company]] (JR Central).

==Lines==
Shin-Fuji Station is served by the [[Tokaido Shinkansen]], and is located {{convert|146.2|km|abbr=on}} from the eastern terminus of the line at [[Tokyo Station]]. There are no connecting rail lines to Shin-Fuji, with the nearest connecting being located at [[Fuji Station]] {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} away. A connecting bus service runs several times an hour taking approximately 7 minutes.

==Station layout==
Shin-Fuji Station is an elevated station with two opposed [[side platforms]], connected to one another and to the station building by an underpass. The station building has automated [[ticket machine]]s, automated [[turnstile]]s, and a "[[Midori no Madoguchi]]" staffed ticket office.

===Platforms===
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=1|first=2|name=Tokaido Shinkansen|linecol=mediumblue|dir=for {{STN|Shin-Yokohama}} and {{STN|Tokyo}}}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=2|first=3|nidx=Tokaido Shinkansen|linecol=mediumblue|dir=for {{STN|Nagoya}} and {{STN|Shin-Ōsaka}}}}

==History==
Shin-Fuji Station opened on March 13, 1988, and is one of the Shinkansen stations which was opened due to [[List of stations opened by petition in Japan|petition by local municipalities]]. The city of Fuji paid for half of the construction costs, with surrounding municipalities, local industries, Shizuoka Prefecture, and the [[Sōka Gakkai]] religious organization paying for the remaining costs.

==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 4818 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).<ref name="shizuokastats">{{cite web |url= http://toukei.pref.shizuoka.jp/toukeikikakuhan/page/nenkan/2017_h29.html|script-title=ja:静岡県統計年鑑2017(平成29年))|year= 2018|publisher= Shizuoka Prefecture|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 5 July 2019}}</ref>

==Surrounding area==
The station is located in an industrial area, initially with few residences, stores, or connecting lines. There are buses from Shin-Fuji Station directly to the fifth Station on [[Mount Fuji]]. The trip is 2 hours and 40 minutes.

==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
*Yoshikawa, Fumio. ''Tokaido-sen 130-nen no ayumi''. Grand-Prix Publishing (2002) {{ISBN|4-87687-234-1}}.{{in lang|ja}}
{{Refend}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Shin-Fuji Station (Shizuoka)}}
* {{Official website|http://railway.jr-central.co.jp/station-guide/shinkansen/shin-fuji}} {{in lang|ja}}
*[https://global.jr-central.co.jp/en/ Official website] (in English)

{{Tōkaidō Shinkansen}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Shizuoka Prefecture]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1988]]
[[Category:Stations of Central Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Fuji, Shizuoka]]

Gotemba Line

2021-07-20T23:58:05Z

202.255.28.252:

{{short description|Railway line in Japan}}
{{infobox rail line
|name=Gotemba Line
|color=326E3C
|logo=[[File:JR Central Gotemba Line.svg|50px]]
|image = Limited Express Asagiri.jpg
|image_width = 300px
|caption = ''Asagiri'' (now ''Mt. Fuji'') limited express trains pass at Yaga Station, April 2008
|type=Passenger/freight
|start={{STN|Kōzu|Kanagawa}}
|end={{STN|Numazu}}
|stations=19
|owner=[[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Central]]
|operator=
|open=1889
|stock=[[313 series]] [[211 series]] [[Odakyu 60000 series MSE]]
|linelength= {{Convert|60.2|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|gauge= {{track gauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
|electrification= 1,500V DC
| map = [[File:Route Map of Gotemba Line.svg|250px]]
}}

{{BS-map
|collapse = yes
|title = Gotemba Line
|title-bg = #ff7000
|map =
{{BS|leer|||[[Tōkaidō Main Line]]|}}
{{BS3|BHFq|ABZq+r||0.0|[[Kōzu Station (Kanagawa)|Kōzu Station]]||}}
{{BS3||ABZgl|STR+r||||}}
{{BS3||STR|KDSTe||| Kōzu Yard|}}
{{BS|STR+GRZq|||↑[[JR East]] /↓[[JR Central]]|}}
{{BS|KRZh|||[[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]]||}}
{{BS|SKRZ-Au|||[[Odawara-Atsugi Road]]|}}
{{BS|BHF|3.8|[[Shimo-Soga Station]]||}}
{{BS|BHF|6.5|[[Kami-Ōi Station]]||}}
{{BS|BHF|8.3|[[Sagami-Kaneko Station]]||}}
{{BS|hKRZWae|||Kawaotogawa|}}
{{BS3|ABZq+r|KRZo|STR+r|||[[Odakyū Odawara Line]]|}}
{{BS3|STRl|ABZg+r|STR|||[[Shin-Matsuda Station]]|}}
{{BS3||BHF|O2=HUBaq|BHF|O3=HUBeq|10.2|[[Matsuda Station]]||}}
{{BS3||STR|STRl||||}}
{{BS|BHF|13.1|[[Higashi-Yamakita Station]]||}}
{{BS|BHF|15.9|[[Yamakita Station]]||}}
{{BS|TUNNEL1||||}}
{{BS|TUNNEL1||||}}
{{BS|hKRZWae||Sakawa River Bridge No.1|}}
{{BS|hKRZWae||Sakawa River Bridge No.2|}}
{{BS|hKRZWae||Sakawa River Bridge No.3|}}
{{BS|TUNNEL1|O1=RMq|||[[Tōmei Expressway]] |}}
{{BS|BHF|20.0|[[Yaga Station (Kanagawa)|Yaga Station]]||}}
{{BS|TUNNEL1|O1=RMq||| Tōmei Expressway |}}
{{BS|TUNNEL1||||}}
{{BS|TUNNEL1||||}}
{{BS|hKRZWae|||Sakawagawa|}}
{{BS|hKRZWae||||}}
{{BS|STR+GRZq|||[[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]]/[[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]] border|}}
{{BS|TUNNEL1||||}}
{{BS|BHF|24.6|[[Suruga-Oyama Station]]||}}
{{BS|hKRZWae||||}}
{{BS|SKRZ-Au|||Tōmei Expressway |}}
{{BS|hKRZWae||||}}
{{BS|hKRZWae||||}}
{{BS|BHF|28.9|[[Ashigara Station (Shizuoka)|Ashigara]]||}}
{{BS|SKRZ-Au|||Tōmei Expressway |}}
{{BS|hKRZWae||||}}
{{BS3|uexSTR+r|STR||||''Gotemba Yard''|}}
{{BS3|uexKBHFe|BHF||35.5|[[Gotemba Station]]||}}
{{BS|STR|||''Shinbashi Signal Station''|}}
{{BS|SKRZ-Au||| Tōmei Expressway |}}
{{BS|BHF|38.2|[[Minami-Gotemba Station]]||}}
{{BS|BHF|40.6|[[Fujioka Station (Shizuoka)|Fujioka Station]]||}}
{{BS|hKRZWae|||Kisegawa|}}
{{BS|hKRZWae||||}}
{{BS|BHF|45.3|[[Iwanami Station]]||}}
{{BS|BHF|50.7|[[Susono Station]]||}}
{{BS|BHF|53.5|[[Nagaizumi-Nameri Station]]||}}
{{BS3||BHF|O2=HUBaq|exKBHFa|O3=HUBeq|55.6|[[Shimo-Togari Station]]||}}
{{BS3||STR|exSTRl|||''[[Sunzu Line]]''|}}
{{BS|KRZh|||[[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]]||}}
{{BS|hKRZWae|||Kisegawa|}}
{{BS|BHF|57.8|[[Ōoka Station (Shizuoka)|Ōoka Station]]||}}
{{BS|STR||||}}
{{BS3||ABZgl|STR+r||||}}
{{BS3||STR|KDSTe|||Numazu yard|}}
{{BS3|BHFq|ABZqr||60.2|[[Numazu Station]]||}}
{{BS|leer|||[[Tōkaidō Main Line]]|}}
}}

The {{nihongo|'''Gotemba Line'''|御殿場線|Gotemba-sen}} is a railway line in Japan operated by the [[Central Japan Railway Company]] (JR Central). It connects [[Kōzu Station (Kanagawa)|Kōzu Station]] in [[Odawara, Kanagawa|Odawara]] to [[Numazu Station|Numazu]] via [[Gotemba Station|Gotemba]].

The ''[[Mt. Fuji (train)|Mt. Fuji]]'' limited express service runs between [[Tokyo]]'s [[Shinjuku Station]] and Gotemba via [[Matsuda Station|Matsuda]].

== Station list ==
{|class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Station name
!rowspan=2|Japanese
!rowspan=2|Distance from Kōzu (km)
!rowspan=2|Transfers
!colspan=2|Location
|-
!Town/city
!Prefecture
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|00}}
|{{STN|Kōzu|Kanagawa}}
|国府津
|0.0
|[[Tōkaidō Main Line]]
|rowspan=2|[[Odawara, Kanagawa|Odawara]]
|rowspan=8|[[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]]
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|01}}
|{{STN|Shimo-Soga}}
|下曽我
|3.8
|
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|02}}
|{{STN|Kami-Ōi}}
|上大井
|6.5
|
|rowspan=2|[[Ashigarakami District, Kanagawa|Ashigarakami District]], [[Oi, Kanagawa|Ōi]]
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|03}}
|{{STN|Sagami-Kaneko}}
|相模金子
|8.3
|
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|04}}
|{{STN|Matsuda}}
|松田
|10.2
|[[Odakyu Odawara Line]]
|Ashigarakami District, [[Matsuda, Kanagawa|Matsuda]]
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|05}}
|{{STN|Higashi-Yamakita}}
|東山北
|13.1
|
|rowspan=3|Ashigarakami District, [[Yamakita, Kanagawa|Yamakita]]
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|06}}
|{{STN|Yamakita}}
|山北
|15.9
|
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|07}}
|{{STN|Yaga|Kanagawa}}
|谷峨
|20.0
|
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|08}}
|{{STN|Suruga-Oyama}}
|駿河小山
|24.6
|
|rowspan=2|[[Sunto District, Shizuoka|Suntō District]], [[Oyama, Shizuoka|Oyama]]
|rowspan=11|[[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]]
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|09}}
|{{STN|Ashigara|Shizuoka}}
|足柄
|28.9
|
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|10}}
|{{STN|Gotemba}}
|御殿場
|35.5
|
|rowspan=3|[[Gotenba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]]
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|11}}
|{{STN|Minami-Gotemba}}
|南御殿場
|38.2
|
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|12}}
|{{STN|Fujioka|Shizuoka}}
|富士岡
|40.6
|
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|13}}
|{{STN|Iwanami}}
|岩波
|45.3
|
|rowspan=2|[[Susono, Shizuoka|Susono]]
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|14}}
|{{STN|Susono}}
|裾野
|50.7
|
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|15}}
|{{STN|Nagaizumi-Nameri}}
|長泉なめり
|53.5
|
|rowspan=2|Suntō District, [[Nagaizumi, Shizuoka|Nagaizumi]]
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|16}}
|{{STN|Shimo-Togari}}
|下土狩
|55.6
|
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|17}}
|{{STN|Ōoka|Shizuoka}}
|大岡
|57.8
|
|rowspan=2|[[Numazu, Shizuoka|Numazu]]
|-
|{{JRCSN|CB|18}}
|{{STN|Numazu}}
|沼津
|60.2
|[[Tōkaidō Main Line]]
|}

== Rolling stock==

=== Local services ===
* [[211 series]]
* [[313 series]]

===Limited express ''Mt. Fuji'' (formerly named ''Asagiri'') services ===
* [[Odakyu 60000 series MSE]] (from March 2012)<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.odakyu.jp/program/info/data.info/6813_2421858_.pdf|script-title=ja:２０１２年３月１７日（土）ダイヤ改正を実施します。|trans-title=Saturday 17 March 2012 Timetable Revision|date= 16 December 2011| author= Odakyu Electric Railway|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 13 April 2012}}</ref>

==== Past ====
* [[113 series]]
* [[Odakyu 3000 series SE]] (until 1991)
* [[115 series]] (until 2007)
* [[E231 series]] (until March 2012)
* [[371 series]] (''Asagiri'' services, until March 2012)
* [[Odakyu 20000 series RSE]] (''Asagiri'' services, until March 2012)

==History==
The present-day Gotemba Line was built as part of the original route of the [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] connecting [[Tokyo]] with [[Osaka]]. The portion between Kōzu and Numazu was opened on February 1, 1889, although it was not officially named the "Tokaido Line" until 1896. Portions were double tracked from 1891 and the double tracking was completed by 1901.

The line took an indirect route between Kōzu and Numazu in order to avoid the Hakone Mountains, which affected the potential journey time between Tokyo and Osaka. A more direct route had been planned as early as 1909, but technical difficulties delayed the completion of the [[Tanna Tunnel]] until December 1, 1934. With the opening of the tunnel, the route of the Tōkaidō Main Line became via [[Atami Station]], leaving the section between Kōzu Station and Numazu Station as a [[spur line]] renamed as the Gotemba Line.

In 1943, due to the reduced traffic on the Gotemba line, and the urgent requirement for steel in [[World War II]], the line was returned to a single track railway. [[Diesel multiple units]] replaced [[Steam locomotive]] hauled passenger trains in 1955, and a cooperative agreement was reached with the privately owned [[Odakyu Electric Railway]] to operate [[express train]]s directly from [[Shinjuku Station]] in Tokyo in the same year. The line was [[Railway electrification system|electrified]] from 1968, and regularly scheduled freight services were discontinued at most stations by 1982.

A new [[Centralized traffic control]] system was installed in December 1989, with a programmed route control system implemented from March 1990. Installation for the [[TOICA]] automated [[turnstile]] system was completed at all stations in 2010.{{Citation needed|date=April 2012}}

===Former connecting lines===
* Gotemba station - A 19 km 762mm gauge horse tramway opened to Kawaguchiko in 1898, closed in 1905 but was reopened in 1909. It connected to the [[Fujikyuko Line|Tsuru horse tramway]], providing a connection to Otsuki station on the [[Chuo Main Line]] until 1919, when it was truncated by 9 km, completely closing 10 years later.
* Shimo-Togari station - The [[Izuhakone Railway Sunzu Line|Izu Railway Co.]] opened a line to Shuzenji in 1898, electrifying the line at 1500V DC in 1918. In 1934 following the opening of the [[Tanna Tunnel]] and associated realignment, the line was truncated to Mishima-Hirokoji station on the [[Tokaido Main Line]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book| last=Yoshikawa| first=Fumio| title=Tokaido-sen 130-nen no ayumi| publisher=Grand-Prix Publishing| year=2002| isbn=4-87687-234-1| language=ja}}
{{Refend}}

{{commons category}}

{{Gotemba Line}}
{{HakoneFujiIzuTransit}}{{Tokyo transit}}{{Central Japan Railway Company Lines}}

[[Category:Gotemba Line| ]]
[[Category:Lines of Central Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Kanagawa Prefecture]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Shizuoka Prefecture]]
[[Category:1067 mm gauge railways in Japan]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1889]]

Yokohama Air Cabin

2021-06-29T10:42:47Z

202.255.28.252: /* Gallery */

{{Infobox aerial lift line

| line_color = #868F98
| name = Yokohama Air Cabin
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Yokohama．Air．cabin.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| image_map =
| image_map_size =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_relief = 
| pushpin_map_size = 
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| mapframe = 

| alt_name =
| status = Operational
| character = Urban<ref name="info">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-22 |url= https://yokohama-air-cabin.jp/en/about/ |title= Information About YOKOHAMA AIR CABIN |publisher=Senyo Kogyo |accessdate=2021-05-03 }}</ref>
| system = Transport system
| line_no =
| location = [[Yokohama]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]]
| country = [[Japan]]
| coordinates = {{coord|35.451389|N|139.631472|E}}
| start = [[Sakuragichō Station]]
| end = Unga Park Station
| elev_low = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| elev_high = {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| cont_from = 
| cont_as = 
| connect_lines = 
| no_stations = 
| services = 
| built_by = 
| constr_cost = 
| begin = {{start date and age|2020|1|}}
| open = {{start date and age|2021|4|22}}
| last_ext =
| close =
| reopen =
| website = {{URL|https://yokohama-air-cabin.jp/en/|yokohama-air-cabin.jp/}}

| owner =
| operator = [[Senyo Kogyo]]
| no_carriers = 36<ref name="info"/>
| carrier_cap = 8<ref name="info"/>
| ridership = 
| operating_times = 
| trips_daily = 
| headway = few seconds
| trip_duration = 5 min
| fare = ¥ 1,000
| operating_time = 10:00 — 22:00

| lift_type = MGD
| manufactured_by = [[Nippon Cable]], Japan
| line_length = {{convert|630|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| no_towers = 5
| no_cables = 1
| cable_diameter = 
| inst_power = 
| speed = {{convert|2.5|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}
| notes = 
| vertical =
| max_gradient =
| map =
| map_state =
| map_name =
}}

'''Yokohama Air Cabin''' (ヨコハマ・エア・キャビン) is an Gondola lift that was opened in 2021 in [[Yokohama]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], [[Japan]].<ref name="senyo20201119">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-19 |url= http://www.senyo.co.jp/newbiz/2646/ |title= Japan's first and world's newest urban-type circular ropeway |publisher=Senyo Kogyo |accessdate=2021-01-19 }}</ref> It connects to [[Sakuragichō Station]] and [[Yokohama Cosmo World]]. The system is {{convert|630|m|abbr=on}} long and has an elevation of {{convert|40|m|abbr=on}}.

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="210px" heights="160px">
Sakuragicho station (YOKOHAMA AIR CABIN) 20210421a.jpg|Sakuragichō Station (2021)
YOKOHAMA AIR CABIN 20210421a.jpg|Yokohama Air Cabin above the road
YOKOHAMA AIR CABIN 20210421c.jpg|Prop cable installed along Kishamichi Promenade
Unga-park station (YOKOHAMA AIR CABIN) 20210421c.jpg|Unga Park Station building connects to Yokohama World Partners (2021)
Unga-park station (YOKOHAMA AIR CABIN) 20210421d.jpg|Near Unga Park Station (2021)
Unga-park station (YOKOHAMA AIR CABIN) 20210421a.jpg|Unga Park Station building (2021)
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Yokohama Cosmo World]]
*[[Senyo Kogyo]]
*[[Nippon Cable]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|https://yokohama-air-cabin.jp/en/}}

[[Category:Minato Mirai 21]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Yokohama]]
[[Category:Aerial tramways in Japan]]
[[Category:Gondola lifts in Japan]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 2021]]

Warabi, Saitama

2021-06-21T06:08:05Z

202.255.28.252: /* Economy */

{{Infobox settlement

| name = {{raise|0.2em|Warabi}}
| official_name =
| native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|ja|蕨市}}}}}}
| native_name_lang = ja
| settlement_type = [[Cities of Japan|City]]

| image_skyline = Japanese,Saitama prefecture, warabi city office..JPG
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Warabi City Hall
| image_flag = Flag of Warabi, Saitama.svg
| flag_alt =
| image_seal = 埼玉県蕨市市章.svg
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| image_blank_emblem =
| nickname =
| motto =

| image_map = Warabi in Saitama Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Warabi in Saitama Prefecture
| pushpin_map = Japan
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|35|49|32.1|N|139|40|47|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 

| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[Japan]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kantō region|Kantō]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =

| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =

| seat_type = 
| seat =

| government_footnotes = 
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = [[Hideo Yoritaka]]
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 = 

| total_type = 
| unit_pref = 

| area_magnitude = 
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = 5.11
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =

| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m =

| population_footnotes = 
| population_total = 75679
| population_as_of = January 2021
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_demonym = 
| population_note =

| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +9
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =

| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =

| blank_name_sec1 = City Symbols
| blank1_name_sec1 = - Tree
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Zelkova serrata]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = - Flower
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Rhododendron indicum]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = - Bird
| blank3_info_sec1 =
| blank4_name_sec1 =
| blank4_info_sec1 =
| blank5_name_sec1 =
| blank5_info_sec1 =
| blank6_name_sec1 =
| blank6_info_sec1 =
| blank7_name_sec1 =
| blank7_info_sec1 =

| blank_name_sec2 = Phone number
| blank_info_sec2 = 048-432-3200
| blank1_name_sec2 = Address
| blank1_info_sec2 =5-14-15 Chuo, Warabi-shi, Saitama-ken 335-8501

| website = {{Official|1=http://www.city.warabi.saitama.jp/ }}
| footnotes =
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Warabi'''|蕨市|Warabi-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Saitama Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2021|01|01}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 75,697 in 39,563 households and a [[population density]] of 15,000 persons per km².<ref name="Warabi-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.warabi.saitama.jp/shisei/youkoso/toukei/nenji/1007070.html |title= Warabi city official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|5.11|sqkm|sqmi}}. Warabi has the smallest area of any municipality in Japan, and highest population density outside of the special wards of Tokyo.

==Geography==
Warabi is located southeastern part of Saitama Prefecture, bordering Saitama City in the north, Toda in the west, and Kawaguchi in the east. The city area is in the Arakawa lowland and averages 4.8 meters above sea level. Land use mainly consists of residential areas.

==Surrounding municipalities==
[[Saitama Prefecture]]
* [[Kawaguchi, Saitama|Kawaguchi]]
* [[Toda, Saitama|Toda]]
* [[Saitama, Saitama|Saitama]]

==Climate==
Warabi has a [[Humid subtropical climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Warabi is 14.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1482 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.6 °C, and lowest in January, at around 3.2 °C.<ref>[https://en.climate-data.org/asia/japan/saitama/warabi-5660/ Warabi climate data]</ref>

==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-saitama.php Warabi population statistics]</ref> the population of Warabi has remained relatively constant over the past 50 years.

{{Historical populations
| 1920 | 6,204
| 1930 | 7,804
| 1940 | 14,178
| 1950 | 29,846
| 1960 | 50,952
| 1970 | 77,225
| 1980 | 70,876
| 1990 | 73,620
| 2000 | 71,063
| 2010 | 71,495
|align = none
| footnote =
}}

==History==
Warabi developed from the [[Muromachi period]] as [[Warabi-shuku]], a [[shukuba|post town]] on the [[Nakasendō]] highway. It was created as a town with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on 1 April 1889 and was elevated to city status on 1 April 1959.

==Government==
Warabi has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 18 members. Warabi contributes one member to the Saitama Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of [[Saitama 15th district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]]. The directly-elected executive mayor is [[Hideo Yoritaka]], a member of the [[Japanese Communist Party]].

=== Elections ===
* [[2007 Warabi mayoral election]]
* [[2007 Warabi city assembly election]]

==Economy==
Warabi has many small and medium-sized factories, which have employed many foreign workers. In particular, many Iranians and Kurds fled the ethnic problems and wars in the Middle East, and have settled in Warabi. Recently, the ratio of Chinese residents is the highest in Saitama Prefecture. The bulk of the working population commutes to Saitama City or [[Tokyo Metropolis]], making Warabi largely a [[commuter town]].

==Education==
Warabi has seven public elementary schools and three public middle schools operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Saitama Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one combined private middle/high school.
===High schools===
* [[Saitama Prefectural Warabi High School]]
* Bunan High School

===Middle schools===
* Warabi Municipal No. 1 Junior High School
* Warabi Municipal No. 2 Junior High School
* Warabi Municipal Higashi Junior High School

===Elementary schools===
* Warabi Municipal Chūō Elementary School
* Warabi Municipal Chūō-Higashi Elementary School
* Warabi Municipal Nishi Elementary School
* Warabi Municipal Higashi Elementary School
* Warabi Municipal Tsukagoshi Elementary School
* Warabi Municipal Kita Elementary School
* Warabi Municipal Minami Elementary School

==Transportation==
===Railway===
[[File:JR logo (east).svg|20px]] [[JR East]] – [[Keihin-Tohoku line]]
*{{STN|Warabi}}

===Highway===
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|17}}

==Sister city relations==
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[El Dorado County]], [[California]], USA is a sister municipality to Warabi city in 26 March 1975.<ref>https://www.sf.us.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_en/e_m07_06_01.html</ref>

==Noted people from Warabi==
*[[Hidetaka Yoshioka]], actor
*[[Yasuhiro Suzuki]], professional wrestler
*[[Yana Toboso]], manga artist
*[[Haruna Kojima]], actress and model, former member of [[AKB48]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Warabi, Saitama}}
*[http://www.city.warabi.saitama.jp/ Official Website] {{in lang|ja}}

{{Saitama}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Warabi, Saitama| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Saitama Prefecture]]

G69 Yinchuan–Baise Expressway

2021-06-19T07:38:41Z

202.255.28.252:

{{Infobox road
|country=CHN
|type=Expwy
|route=69
|alternate_name=银百高速公路 Yinbai Expressway
|spur_type=
|spur_of=
|length_mi=
|length_km=
|length_round=
|length_notes=
|photo=
|length_ref=
|established=
|direction_a=North
|terminus_a=[[Yinchuan]], [[Ningxia]]
|junction=
|direction_b=South
|terminus_b=[[Baise]], [[Guangxi]]
|previous_type=Expwy
|previous_route=6521
|previous_dab=
|next_type=Expwy
|next_route=6911
|next_dab=
}}

The '''Yinchuan–Baise Expressway''' ({{zh|s=银川–百色高速公路}}), commonly referred to as the ''Yinbai Expressway'' ({{zh|s=银百高速公路}}), is a partially completed expressway in the [[People's Republic of China]]. It is a major north-south expressway that when complete, will connect the cities of [[Yinchuan]], the capital of [[Ningxia]], with [[Longbang]] town in [[Baise]], in the autonomous region of [[Guangxi]]. The expressway was announced as one of the eleven primary north-south expressways in [[Expressways of China|China's expressway]] network on 24 May 2013.<ref name="ndrc">{{cite web |title=National Expressway Network Plan (2013 - 2030). 国家公路网规划(2013年-2030年) |url=http://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/PublicItemView.aspx?ItemID={93c7d13b-aa0d-4beb-955e-268adade8a8f} |author=National Development and Reform Commission |date=24 May 2013 |access-date=27 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024061911/http://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/PublicItemView.aspx?ItemID=%7B93c7d13b-aa0d-4beb-955e-268adade8a8f%7D |archive-date=24 October 2013 |df= }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{NTHS Expressways}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:G69 Yinchuan-Baise Expressway}}
[[Category:Chinese national-level expressways]]
[[Category:Expressways in Ningxia]]
[[Category:Expressways in Gansu]]
[[Category:Expressways in Shaanxi]]
[[Category:Expressways in Chongqing]]
[[Category:Expressways in Guizhou]]
[[Category:Expressways in Guangxi]]

Hachijō-jima

2021-06-07T02:57:36Z

202.255.28.252: /* Gallery */

{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox Islands
| name = Hachijō-jima
| image_name = Hachijojimaview-fromosakahill-2018-5-7.jpg
| image_caption = Hachijō-fuji and the smaller island of [[Hachijō-kojima]] (left) as seen from Osaka Tunnel, 2018
| image_size =
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Japan complete
| native_name = 八丈島
| native_name_link =
| location = Izu Islands
| coordinates = {{Coord|33|06|34|N|139|47|29|E}}
| archipelago = Izu Islands
| total_islands =
| major_islands =
| area_km2 = 62.52
| length_km = 14
| width_km = 7.5
| coastline_km = 58.91
| highest_mount =
| elevation_m = 854.3
| country = Japan
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[Tokyo]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Subprefectures of Japan|Subprefecture]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Hachijō Subprefecture]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = [[Towns of Japan|Town]]
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]]
| population = 7522
| population_as_of = March 2018
| density_km2 =
| ethnic_groups =
| additional_info =
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Hachijō-jima'''|八丈島}} is a [[volcano|volcanic]] [[Islands of Japan|Japanese island]] in the [[Philippine Sea]]. It is about {{convert|287|km|mi}} south of the [[special wards of Tokyo]], to which it belongs. It is part of the [[Izu Islands|Izu archipelago]] and within the [[Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park]]. Its only municipality is [[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]]. On 1 March 2018, its [[population]] was 7,522 people living on 63 km2. The [[Hachijō language]] is spoken by some inhabitants, but it is considered an endangered language and the number of speakers is unknown. The island has been inhabited since the Jōmon period, and was used as a place of exile during the [[Edo period]]. In modern times, it has been used for farming sugarcane and housing a secret submarine base during [[World War II]]; it is now a tourist destination within Japan.

Hachijō-jima receives about {{convert|3000|mm|in}} of precipitation annually. With a [[humid subtropical climate]], and an average high temperature of {{convert|21|C|F}}, the island and the surrounding oceans support a wide variety of sea life, birds, mammals, plants, and other life. The tallest peak within the [[Izu Islands]], a Class-C active volcano, is found there. Transportation to the island is either by air or ferry. There are many [[Ryokan (Japanese inn)|Japanese-style inns]], [[onsen|hot spring resorts]], and hotels to accommodate tourists and visitors. The island is a popular destination for surfers, divers and hikers. It has several local variations on Japanese foods, including shimazushi and [[kusaya]], as well as many dishes that include the local plant [[ashitaba]].

==Geography==
===Location===
Hachijō-jima is about {{convert|200|km|mi}} south of the [[Izu Peninsula]]<ref name="japan encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Frédéric |first=Louis |author-link=Louis Frédéric |encyclopedia=Japan Encyclopedia |title= Hachijō-shima |year=2002 |place=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |series=Harvard University Press Reference Library |isbn=0-674-00770-0 |lccn=2001052570 |page=273}} Translated by Käthe Roth.</ref>—or about {{convert|287|km|mi}} south of [[Tokyo]]<ref name="hiragana times 2010"/>—in the [[Philippine Sea]].<ref name="ponsonby 1962">{{cite book|title=Sovereign and Subject|first=Richard|last=Ponsonby-Fane|author-link=Richard Ponsonby-Fane|page=332|publisher=Ponsonby Memorial Society|year=1962}}</ref> The smaller island of [[Hachijō-kojima]] is {{convert|7.5|km|mi}} northwest of Hachijō-jima,<ref name="hachijo overview"/> and can be seen from the top of Nishiyama.<ref name="hiragana times 2010"/> The [[Pacific Ocean]] is to the east of the island, with [[Mikura-jima]] about {{convert|79|km|mi}} to the north and [[Aogashima]] about {{convert|64|km|mi}} to the south. The island is within the boundaries of [[Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park]].<ref name="encyclopedia of japan 2012">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Japan |title=Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park |url=http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |access-date=2012-08-13 |year=2012 |publisher=Shogakukan |location=Tokyo |oclc=56431036 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |archive-date=2007-08-25 }}</ref>

===Municipalities===
The only municipality on the island is the town of [[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]],<ref name="hachijo overview"/> which encompasses both Hachijō-jima and the neighbouring [[Hachijō-kojima]], though no one lives on the latter.<ref name="hachijo overview">{{cite web |url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/gaiyo/gaiyou.html |script-title=ja:八丈町の概要 |trans-title=Overview of Hachijō |language=ja |publisher=[[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]] |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xuyc3J9X?url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/gaiyo/gaiyou.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The town is divided into five areas: Mitsune (三根), Nakanogo (中之郷), Kashitate (樫立), Sueyoshi (末吉), and Ōkago (大賀郷).<ref name="hachijo overview"/>

===Population===
The population of Hachijō-jima on 1 March 2018 was 7,522.<ref name="hachijo_population_2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/toukei-siryou/pdf/01_jinko.pdf|script-title=ja:人口八丈町|trans-title=Population of Hachijō|language=ja|year=2018|publisher=[[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]]|access-date=18 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708202250/http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/toukei-siryou/pdf/01_jinko.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2017}}</ref>
{{Population/Japan/Prefectures|code=13401|name=Hachijō-jima}}

===Language===
The [[Hachijō language]] is the most divergent form of [[Japanese language|Japanese]]; it is the only surviving descendant of [[Japanese dialects#Eastern and Western Japanese|Eastern Old Japanese]].<ref name="shibatani 1990">{{cite book|last=Shibatani|first=Masayoshi|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1990|title=The Languages of Japan|page=207|isbn=978-0-521-36918-3}}</ref> The number of speakers is not certain; it is on UNESCO's list of [[Lists of endangered languages|endangered languages]],<ref name="unesco hachijo">{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-1980.html|title=UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger - Hachijō|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=8 March 2018|archive-date=8 March 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xm7NVhcg?url=http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-1980.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and is likely to be extinct by 2050 if counter-measures are not taken.<ref name="heinrich 2012">{{cite book|last=Heinrich|first=Patrick|place=Bristol|publisher=Multilingual Matters|year=2012|title=The Making of Monolingual Japan: Language Ideology and Japanese Modernity|page=139|isbn=978-1-84769-659-5}}</ref>

===Flora and fauna===
[[File:Mycena chlorophos.jpg|thumb|upright|Bioluminescent ''M. chlorophos'' mushrooms in Hachijō-jima botanical park]]
The island is home to [[bioluminescent]] mushrooms, including ''[[Mycena lux-coeli]]''—meaning "heavenly light mushrooms"—and ''[[Mycena chlorophos]]''. ''M. lux-coeli'' are widely found and for decades were believed only to exist on the island.<ref name="japan times 20080611"/> The local name for the mushrooms is ''hato-no-hi'', literally "pigeon fire".<ref name="japan times 20080611">{{cite news|last=Bird|first=Winifred|date=11 June 2008|title=Luminescent mushrooms cast light on Japan's forest crisis|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2008/06/11/environment/luminescent-mushrooms-cast-light-on-japans-forest-crisis/|work=[[The Japan Times]]|access-date=13 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414002508/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2008/06/11/environment/luminescent-mushrooms-cast-light-on-japans-forest-crisis/|archive-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> Many different plants are native to the island, including the [[Phoenix roebelenii|pygmy date palm]], [[aloe]], [[freesia]], [[Hydrangea macrophylla|hydrangea]], [[hibiscus]], [[Prunus speciosa|Oshima]] and [[Prunus serrulata|Japanese cherry]], and [[Strelitzia|bird of paradise]].<ref name="hachijo overview"/><ref name="hachijo scenery">{{cite web |url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/syasin_kan/syashin_kan.html |script-title=ja:風景 |trans-title=Scenery |language=ja |publisher=[[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]] |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xv6KpaG1?url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/syasin_kan/syashin_kan.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Since November 2015, [[humpback whale]]s have been observed gathering around the island, far north from their known breeding areas in the [[Bonin Islands]]. All breeding activities except for giving births have been confirmed, and research is underway by the town of Hachijō and the [[Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology]] to determine whether Hachijō-jima may become the northernmost breeding ground in the world, and possible expectations for opening a future [[whale watching|tourism attraction]].<ref name="humpback whale survey 2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/info/?p=3072|script-title=ja:八丈島ザトウクジラ調査について|trans-title=Regarding the Hachijō-jima Humpback Whale Survey|date=6 March 2018|publisher=Town of Hachijō|access-date=8 March 2018|archive-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xmJKp1qp?url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/info/?p=3072|language=ja|url-status=dead}}</ref> Whales can be viewed even from hot springs.<ref name="diver online 20050323">{{cite web |url=https://www.diver-online.com/news/detail/id/3144/ |script-title=ja:八丈島に今年もザトウクジラがやってきた！ |date=23 March 2005 |access-date=8 March 2018 |language=ja |trans-title=This year too the whales came to Hachijō-jima! |archive-date=9 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xmJmXNbH?url=https://www.diver-online.com/news/detail/id/3144/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin]]s, likely (re)colonised from [[Mikura-jima]], also live around the island,<ref name="bottlenose dolphin visitor center">{{cite web |url=http://www.hachijo-vc.com/creature/archives/2013/04/post_925.php |script-title=ja:ミナミハンドウイルカ |language=ja |publisher=Hachijō-jima |date=2 April 2001 |trans-title=Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin |access-date=8 March 2018 |archive-date=9 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xmK3ymX2?url=http://www.hachijo-vc.com/creature/archives/2013/04/post_925.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> among other cetaceans such as [[false killer whale]]s,<ref name="boogen 20050831">{{cite web |url=http://shoden.ddo.jp/~boogen-event/?p=218 |script-title=ja:オキゴンドウと接近遭遇 |date=31 August 2005 |language=ja |publisher=八丈島情報サイト Boogen |access-date=8 March 2018 |archive-date=9 March 2018 |trans-title=Close encounters with false killer whales |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xmKOtTAU?url=http://shoden.ddo.jp/~boogen-event/?p=218 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[sperm whale]]s,<ref name="naturing news">{{cite web |url=https://www.naturingnews.jp/?p=3451 |script-title=ja:【ツアー報告】アホウドリに会いたい！東京～八丈島航路 2016年3月26日～27日 |date=26 March 2016 |trans-title=Tour Report: I want to meet an albatross! Cruise from Tokyo to Hachijō-jima 26–27 March 2016 |language=ja |publisher=ネイチャリングニュース (Naturing News) |access-date=8 March 2018 |archive-date=9 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xmKlGz7t?url=https://www.naturingnews.jp/?p=3451 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[orca]]s (being sighted during humpback whale research in 2017).<ref name="killer whale attack youtube">{{cite AV media |people=八丈島観光協会 |date=28 May 2015 |script-title=ja:クジラ襲うシャチを撮影知床・羅臼沖、観光船長も興奮 |trans-title=Recording of a killer whale attack in the open sea while sightseeing near Shiretoko: The ship's captain too is excited |language=ja |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHWOA_gfacE |access-date=8 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xmLNW20O?url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DkMDLCNk8Q |archive-date=9 March 2018 |publisher=YouTube |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The waters around the island are important for the nourishment of [[green sea turtle]]s,<ref>島田貴裕. 「八丈島周辺に生息するアオウミガメ」、亀田和成編、『日本のアオウミガメ』 (日本ウミガメ協議会, 2013), pp. 93–98. As cited in [http://www.env.go.jp/nature/biodic/kaiyo-hozen/kaiiki/engan/12401.html Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas Identified by Japan: 沿岸域　12401　八丈島周辺] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221214757/http://www.env.go.jp/nature/biodic/kaiyo-hozen/kaiiki/engan/12401.html |date=2017-02-21 }}, Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Retrieved 16 March 2018.</ref> as well as [[Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus|Hamatobiuo]] (a type of flying fish).<ref name="hachijo overview"/><ref name="worms hamatobiuo">{{cite web |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=293564 |title=Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus (Franz, 1910) |editor-first=R. |editor-last=Froese |editor2-first=D. |editor2-last=Pauly |access-date=14 March 2018 |publisher=[[World Register of Marine Species]] at [[Flanders Marine Institute]] |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xv0w2ujE?url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=293564 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Izu thrush]] makes its home on the island, as does the [[Japanese white-eye]].<ref name="hachijo overview"/><ref name="hachijo scenery"/> The island has been recognised as an [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) by [[BirdLife International]] because it also supports populations of [[Japanese wood pigeon]]s, [[Japanese murrelet]]s, [[Pleske's grasshopper-warbler]]s and [[Ijima's leaf-warbler]]s.<ref name=bli> {{cite web |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/hachijojima-island-iba-japan|title= Hachijojima island|author= |date=2021|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 26 January 2021}}</ref>

===Climate===
Hachijō-jima has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'') with very warm summers and mild winters. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year, but is somewhat lower in winter.<ref name="NOAA 2013">{{cite web
|url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/JP/47678.TXT
|title = Hachijojima Climate Normals 1961–1990
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|access-date = 5 January 2013
|url-status = live
|archive-url = http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130106095749/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/JP/47678.TXT
|archive-date = 6 January 2013
}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Hachijō-jima
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|Jan record high C = 20.7
|Feb record high C = 21.9
|Mar record high C = 22.4
|Apr record high C = 26.3
|May record high C = 27.4
|Jun record high C = 30.4
|Jul record high C = 31.9
|Aug record high C = 33.5
|Sep record high C = 33.2
|Oct record high C = 29.8
|Nov record high C = 26.3
|Dec record high C = 22.8
|Jan high C = 12.7
|Feb high C = 13.3
|Mar high C = 15.5
|Apr high C = 18.7
|May high C = 21.2
|Jun high C = 23.4
|Jul high C = 27.2
|Aug high C = 29.3
|Sep high C = 27.5
|Oct high C = 23.6
|Nov high C = 19.7
|Dec high C = 15.7
|Jan mean C = 10.1
|Feb mean C = 10.2
|Mar mean C = 12.2
|Apr mean C = 15.6
|May mean C = 18.3
|Jun mean C = 20.9
|Jul mean C = 24.9
|Aug mean C = 26.3
|Sep mean C = 24.5
|Oct mean C = 20.7
|Nov mean C = 16.7
|Dec mean C = 12.7
|Jan low C = 7.5
|Feb low C = 7.5
|Mar low C = 9.0
|Apr low C = 12.9
|May low C = 16.0
|Jun low C = 19.0
|Jul low C = 22.9
|Aug low C = 23.9
|Sep low C = 22.2
|Oct low C = 18.3
|Nov low C = 13.9
|Dec low C = 9.7
|Jan record low C = -1.8
|Feb record low C = -2.0
|Mar record low C = 1.5
|Apr record low C = 4.5
|May record low C = 8.7
|Jun record low C = 14.1
|Jul record low C = 16.6
|Aug record low C = 19.8
|Sep record low C = 15.1
|Oct record low C = 12.0
|Nov record low C = 7.0
|Dec record low C = 1.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 190.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 202.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 308.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 226.8
|May precipitation mm = 251.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 380.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 224.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 179.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 338.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 465.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 250.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 182.9
|unit precipitation days = 0.5 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 15.8
|Feb precipitation days = 15.0
|Mar precipitation days = 18.3
|Apr precipitation days = 13.8
|May precipitation days = 14.5
|Jun precipitation days = 15.6
|Jul precipitation days = 12.5
|Aug precipitation days = 12.4
|Sep precipitation days = 15.6
|Oct precipitation days = 17.4
|Nov precipitation days = 14.3
|Dec precipitation days = 14.8
|Jan humidity = 71
|Feb humidity = 68
|Mar humidity = 69
|Apr humidity = 80
|May humidity = 86
|Jun humidity = 96
|Jul humidity = 92
|Aug humidity = 86
|Sep humidity = 86
|Oct humidity = 82
|Nov humidity = 73
|Dec humidity = 70
|Jan sun = 85.7
|Feb sun = 83.8
|Mar sun = 122.3
|Apr sun = 133.5
|May sun = 135.6
|Jun sun = 91.8
|Jul sun = 118.5
|Aug sun = 170.0
|Sep sun = 134.2
|Oct sun = 106.8
|Nov sun = 108.1
|Dec sun = 108.2
|source 1 = JMA (1981–2010)<ref name="気象庁">{{cite web
|url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=44&prec_ch=%93%8C%8B%9E%93s&block_no=47678&block_ch=%94%AA%8F%E4%93%87&year=&month=&day=&elm=normal&view=
|title = Hachijojima Climate Normals 1981–2010
|publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]
|access-date = 5 January 2013
}}</ref>
|date=January 2013}}

==Geology==
[[File:Landsat Hachijojima Island.jpg|thumb|Hachijō-jima (right) and [[Hachijō-kojima]] (left)]]
[[File:Hachijojima & Hachijokojima Relief Map, SRTM-1.jpg|thumb|Relief map]]
Hachijō-jima is a compound volcanic island that is {{convert|14.5|km|abbr=off|0}} in length with a maximum width of {{convert|8|km|abbr=off|0}}. The island is formed from two [[stratovolcano]]es.<ref name="volcanodiscovery">{{cite web|url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/hachijo-jima.html|title=Hachijo-jima volcano|publisher=VolcanoDiscovery.com|access-date=8 March 2018|archive-date=8 March 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xm6t9FL1?url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/hachijo-jima.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{nihongo|Higashi-yama|東山||}}—also called {{nihongo| Mihara-yama|三原山||}}—has a height of {{convert|701|m}} and was active from 100,000 BC to around 1700 BC.<ref name="jma hachijo-jima"/> It has eroded flanks and retains a distinctive [[caldera]].<ref name="jma hachijo-jima">{{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/321_Hachijojima/321_index.html |title=八丈島 Hachijojima |language=ja |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xv3ZzVK8?url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/321_Hachijojima/321_index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="nakanogo 18">{{cite web |url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/kankou_spot/nakanogo.html#18 |script-title=ja:中之郷 - 18 三原山 |trans-title=Nakanogō: 18 Mihara-yama |language=ja |publisher=[[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]] |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xv2fyVHb?url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/kankou_spot/nakanogo.html#18 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{nihongo|Nishi-yama|西山||}}—also called {{nihongo|Hachijō-fuji|八丈富士||}}—has a height of {{convert|854.3|m}}. It is the highest point on the island and the tallest peak in the Izu island chain.<ref name="jma hachijo-jima"/><ref name="otake nakamura 2015">{{cite book|last1=Ōtake|first1=Mioko|last2=Nakamura|first2=Mitsuo|title=Yama no Namaette Omoshiroi!|script-title=ja:山の名前っておもしろい！|language=ja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FghADQAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Jitsugyō no Nihonsha|page=109|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327183312/https://books.google.com/books?id=FghADQAAQBAJ|archive-date=2018-03-27}}</ref><ref name="hachijo fuji tallest">{{cite web |url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/kankou_spot/mitsune.html#01 |script-title=ja:三根 3 八丈富士 |trans-title=Mitsune: 3 Hachijō-fuji |language=ja |publisher=[[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]] |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xv5YzyXX?url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/kankou_spot/mitsune.html#01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The summit is occupied by a shallow caldera with a diameter of {{convert|400|m|abbr=off}} and a depth of around {{convert|50|m|abbr=off}}. It is rated as a Class-C active volcano<ref name="volcano class ranking">{{cite web |url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/kishou/books/kenshin/vol71p043.pdf |page=51 |author1=林豊 |author2=宇平幸一 |script-title=ja:活火山カタログの改訂と火山活動度による活火山の分類（ランク分け）について |trans-title=The Revised List of Active Volcanoes in Japan and Classification (Ranking) of the Volcanoes Based on their Past 10,000 years of Activity |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |date=17 April 2007 |language=ja |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xv4XYGdZ?url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/kishou/books/kenshin/vol71p043.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> by the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] with recent eruptions recorded in 1487, 1518–1523, and 1605, with seismic activity as recently as 2002.<ref name="jma hachijo-jima history">{{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/321_Hachijojima/321_history.html |script-title=ja:八丈島有史以降の火山活動 |trans-title=Hachijō-jima Historically Recorded Volcanic Activity |language=ja |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xv47XWw2?url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/321_Hachijojima/321_history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Between these two peaks are over 20 flank volcanoes and [[pyroclastic cone]]s.<ref name="jma hachijo-jima"/>

==History==
Hachijō-jima has been inhabited since at least the [[Jōmon period]], and archaeologists have found ''[[magatama]]'' and other remains.<ref name="Naumann 2000">{{cite book|last=Naumann|first=Nelly|place=Wiesbaden|publisher=Harrassowitz|year=2000|title=Japanese Prehistory: The Material and Spiritual Culture of the Jōmon Period|page=54|isbn=978-3-447-04329-8}}</ref> Under the [[Ritsuryō]] system of the early [[Nara period]], the island was part of [[Suruga Province]]. It was transferred to [[Izu Province]] when Izu separated from Suruga in 680. During the [[Heian period]], [[Minamoto no Tametomo]] was banished to [[Izu Ōshima]] after a failed rebellion, but per a semi-legendary story, escaped to Hachijō-jima, where he attempted to establish an independent kingdom.<ref name="onuma 1993">{{cite book|last1=Onuma|first1=Hideharu|last2=DeProspero|first2=Dan|last3=DeProspero|first3=Jackie|place=Tokyo|publisher=Kodansha International|year=1993|title=Kyudo: The Essence and Practice of Japanese Archery|page=[https://archive.org/details/kyudoessenceprac00onum_0/page/14 14]|isbn=978-4-7700-1734-5|url=https://archive.org/details/kyudoessenceprac00onum_0/page/14}}</ref>

During the [[Edo period]], the island became known as a place of [[Criminal punishment in Edo-period Japan|exile for convicts]],<ref name="japan encyclopedia"/> most notably [[Ukita Hideie]],<ref name="murdoch 1903">{{cite book|last1=Murdoch|last2=Yamagata|first1=James|first2=Isoh|title=A History of Japan|page=432|place=London | publisher=Routledge | orig-year=first pub. 1903 | date=1996|isbn=978-0-415-15076-7}}</ref> a ''[[daimyō]]'' who was defeated at the [[Battle of Sekigahara]]. Originally the island was a place of exile mainly for political figures, but beginning in 1704 the criteria for banishment were broadened. Crimes punishable by banishment included murder, theft, arson, brawling, gambling, fraud, jailbreak, rape, and membership of an outlawed religious group. Criminals exiled to the island were never told the length of their sentences, and the history of the island is filled with foiled escape attempts. Its use as a prison island ended during the [[Meiji Restoration]]: after a general amnesty in 1868 most of the island's residents chose to move to the mainland; however, the policy of banishment was not officially abolished until 1881.<ref name="japanzine 20070605">{{cite magazine|date=5 June 2007|title=Getting to Know Hachijo|url=http://www.japanzine.jp/article/jz/1109/getting-to-know-hachijo|magazine=[[Japanzine]]|location=Japan|publisher=Carter Witt Media|access-date=13 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413235608/http://www.japanzine.jp/article/jz/1109/getting-to-know-hachijo|archive-date=13 April 2017}}</ref>

Former U.S. president [[Ulysses S. Grant]] visited the island during his [[Post-presidency of Ulysses S. Grant|1877 world tour]]. The island's residents were aware of his exploits in the [[American Civil War]] and gave him a jubilant welcome. He was ceremonially adopted by the village chief, being given the name ''Yūtarotaishō''; meaning "courageous general" in the local dialect, and was presented with prayer beads made with pearls and gemstones. He declared that the island's residents were the "friendliest people in the Pacific".<ref name="smith 2001">{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Jean Edward|title=Grant|place=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|date=2001|page=[https://archive.org/details/grant00smit/page/588 588]|isbn=0-684-84926-7|url=https://archive.org/details/grant00smit/page/588}}</ref>

In 1900, pioneers from Hachijō became the first inhabitants of the [[Daitō Islands]], where they established a sugarcane farming industry. The Hachijō language is still spoken on the islands to this day.<ref name="hayward 2013">{{cite journal|last1=Hayward|first1=Philip|last2=Long|first2=Daniel|date=2013|url=https://www.academia.edu/12497909|title=Language, music and cultural consolidation on Minami Daito|journal=Perfect Beat|volume=14|doi=10.1558/prbt.v14i1.7|issn=1836-0343|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327183314/http://www.academia.edu/12497909/Language_music_and_cultural_consolidation_on_Minami_Daito|archive-date=2018-03-27}}</ref>

[[File:Kaiten Type 1 on display at the Yūshūkan in October 2008.JPG|right|thumb|''Kaiten'' Type 1 suicide submarine used during [[World War II]]]]
During [[World War II]], the island was regarded as a strategic point in the defense of the ocean approaches to Tokyo; and in the final stages of the war, a base of operations for the ''[[Kaiten]]'' suicide submarines was founded on the southern coast.<ref name="hastings 2008">{{cite book|last=Hastings|first=Max|place=New York| publisher=Knopf | year=2008|title=Retribution: The Battle for Japan, 1944–45|url=https://archive.org/details/retributionbattl00hast|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/retributionbattl00hast/page/441 441]|isbn=978-0-307-27536-3}}</ref> From the end of the war through the 1960s, the government made attempts to promote Hachijō-jima as the "[[Hawaii]] of Japan" to encourage tourist development,<ref name="ridgeline">"[http://ridgelineimages.com/haikyo/unravelling-of-the-hachijo-royal-hotel/ The Rise and Unravelling of the Hachijo Royal Hotel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152533/http://ridgelineimages.com/haikyo/unravelling-of-the-hachijo-royal-hotel/ |date=2018-03-16 }}", Ridgeline Images, 17 April 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2018.</ref> and tourism remains a large component of the island's economy.<ref name="hachijo overview"/>

===A historical mystery===
There is a small mystery regarding the history of Hachijō-jima, of potential significance to the history of "women's rights". [[Etsu Inagaki Sugimoto]], a well known autobiographer from the early 20th Century states in ''A [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/395534.A_Daughter_of_the_Samurai Daughter Of The Samurai]'' that the island was commonly known in Japan during her childhood for being a place where standard gender roles were reversed; women did heavy field work and "made laws", and men tended the home and children. The mystery comes from the fact that no other current source mentions this today. A brief quote to illustrate the significance of the information:

" ''<nowiki/>'We have a whole island where women do men's work from planting rice to making laws.'''

''<nowiki/>'What do the men do?'''

''<nowiki/>'Cook, keep house, take care of the children, and do the family washing.'''

''<nowiki/>'You don't mean it!' exclaimed Miss Helen, and she sat down again.''

''But I did mean it, and I told her of Hachijo, a little island about a hundred miles off the coast of Japan, where the women, tall, handsome, and straight, with their splendid hair coiled in an odd knot on the top of the head, and wearing long, loose gowns bound by a narrow sash tied in front, work in the rice fields, make oil from camellia seeds, spin and weave a peculiar yellow silk, which they carry in bundles on their heads over the mountains, at the same time driving tiny oxen, not much larger than dogs, also laden with rolls of silk to be sent to the mainland to be sold. And in addition to all this, they make some of the best laws we have, and see that they are properly carried out. In the meantime, the older men of the community, with babies strapped to their backs, go on errands or stand on the street gossiping and swaying to a sing-song lullaby; and the younger ones wash sweet potatoes, cut vegetables, and cook dinner; or, in big aprons, and with sleeves looped back, splash, rub, and wring out clothes at the edge of a stream.''"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/best_book/385036-a-daughter-of-the-samurai|title=A Daughter of the Samurai|last=Inagaki Sugimoto|first=Etsu|website=www.goodreads.com|access-date=2019-03-09}}</ref> LCC Card No 66-15849, pp 202–203

== Transportation ==
Hachijō-jima is accessible both by aircraft and by ferry. In 2010 a pedestrian ferry would leave Tōkyō once every day at 10:30 pm, and arrive at Hachijō-jima at 8:50 am the following day. Air travel to [[Hachijojima Airport]] takes 45 minutes from [[Haneda Airport|Tōkyō International Airport]] (Haneda).<ref name="hiragana times 2010">{{cite magazine|date=Feb 2010|title=Hachijo-jima – Floral Paradise|url=http://www.hiraganatimes.com/past-articles/travel/702/|magazine=[[Hiragana Times]]|location=Japan|access-date=13 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414001346/http://www.hiraganatimes.com/past-articles/travel/702/|archive-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> In 2000, there were three metropolitan roads on Hachijō-jima: 215 (formally, 東京都道215号八丈循環線),<ref name="road_census">[http://www.ktr.mlit.go.jp/honkyoku/road/census/h17/PDF/KY_13000.pdf 平成17年度道路交通センサス一般交通量調査休日調査表] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124014211/http://www.ktr.mlit.go.jp/honkyoku/road/census/h17/PDF/KY_13000.pdf |date=2013-01-24 }} (PDF), 2000; page 6. Retrieved 16 March 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www1.gsi.go.jp/geowww/Volcano/download/vbm39/vbm39-02a-2018.pdf 八丈島 II] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152318/http://www1.gsi.go.jp/geowww/Volcano/download/vbm39/vbm39-02a-2018.pdf |date=2018-03-16 }}, Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. Retrieved 16 March 2018.</ref> 216 (都道216号神湊八重根港線, 8.3 km),<ref name="road_census" /><ref>[http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/ir/ir-hyouka/17sai/ht06k.pdf 再評価結果（平成１８年度事業継続箇所一般都道神湊八重根港線（大] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202143932/http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/ir/ir-hyouka/17sai/ht06k.pdf |date=2013-02-02 }} (PDF), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Retrieved 16 March 2018.</ref> and 217 (東京都道217号汐間洞輪沢港線).<ref name="road_census" />

==Tourism==
===Notable landmarks===
The island is home to the Hachijo Royal Resort, a now-abandoned French baroque-style luxury hotel that was built during the tourism boom of the 1960s. When the hotel was built in 1963 it was one of the largest in Japan, and attracted visitors from all over the country. The hotel was finally closed in 2006 due to declining tourism to the island. As of April 2016, the grounds were overgrown and the building severely dilapidated.<ref name="ridgeline" /><ref>Anika Burgess, "[https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/abandoned-hotels-japan Japan’s Abandoned Hotels Are Being Reclaimed by Nature] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128120240/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/abandoned-hotels-japan |date=2018-01-28 }}", Atlas Obscura, 6 September 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2018.</ref>

The {{nihongo|Hachijō-jima History and Folk Museum|八丈島歴史民俗資料館|Hachijō-jima Rekishi Minzoku Shiryōkan}} contains displays covering the history of the island, local industries, as well as the animals and plants found on and around the island.<ref name="hachijo okago">{{cite web |url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/kankou_spot/okago.html#09 |script-title=ja:大賀郷 9 八丈島歴史民俗資料館 |trans-title=Okago: 9 Hachijō-jima History and Folk Museum |language=ja |publisher=[[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]] |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xvHiFcGf?url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/kankou_spot/okago.html#09 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="japan visitor" /> The {{nihongo|Hachijō Botanical Park|八丈植物公園|Hachijō Shokubutsu Kōen}} is a botanical and animal park next to the Hachijojima Visitors Center.<ref name="hachijo okago"/><ref name="japan visitor" />

===Activities and accommodation===
In 2005, accommodation on Hachijō-jima was plentiful, with many [[Ryokan (Japanese inn)|Japanese-style inns]], [[onsen|hot spring resorts]], campsites, and several larger hotels.<ref name="tokyo weekender 2005">{{cite magazine|date=17 June 2005|title=Hachijojima: Island bliss not far from home|url=http://www.tokyoweekender.com/2005/06/hachijojima-island-bliss-not-far-from-home/|magazine=[[Tokyo Weekender]]|access-date=13 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413235122/http://www.tokyoweekender.com/2005/06/hachijojima-island-bliss-not-far-from-home/|archive-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> Hachijō-jima is popular with surfers, with three reef breaks and consistently warmer water than mainland Japan because of the [[Kuroshio Current]].<ref name="japanzine 20070605" /> Because Hachijō-jima is a volcanic island, there are several black sandy beaches, including one next to the main harbour of Sokodo.

Hachijō-jima's scuba diving points were regarded in 2008 as many and varied, and as including one of the top five diving spots in Japan.<ref name="noorbakhsh 2008">{{cite magazine|last=Noorbakhsh|first=Sarah|date=3 July 2008|url=http://www.japaninc.com/mgz_july_2008_scuba-diving-hachijo-jima|title=Tokyo's Secret Scuba|magazine=Japan Inc.|access-date=13 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414083158/http://www.japaninc.com/mgz_july_2008_scuba-diving-hachijo-jima|archive-date=14 April 2017}}</ref>

Hachijō-jima is known for its hiking trails, waterfalls, and natural environment. Other activities for visitors include visiting the Botanical Park, exploring wartime tunnels, and hiking to the top of Hachijō-fuji.<ref name="japan visitor">{{cite web|url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/tokyo/hachijo|title=Hachijo Island|publisher=JapanVisitor.com|access-date=8 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516155015/http://www.japanvisitor.com/tokyo/hachijo|archive-date=16 May 2017}}</ref>

''Kihachijō'', a naturally yellow silk fabric, is woven on the island.<ref name="japan encyclopedia"/> One of the workshops is open to tourists.<ref name="japan visitor" /> The Tokyo Electric Power Company operates a free museum at its geothermal power plant.<ref name="geothermal energy museum pdf pamphlet">{{cite web|url=http://www.geothermal-hachijo.com/brochure_e.pdf|title=Hachijo-town|access-date=8 March 2018|publisher=Hachijo Island Geothermal Energy Museum|date=30 July 2016|archive-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xmJ2kUIL?url=http://www.geothermal-hachijo.com/brochure_e.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Food===
[[File:HachijyoCity ShimaZushi.JPG|thumb|upright|Shimazushi, a local specialty]]
Hachijō-jima is famous both for its [[sushi]]—known locally as ''shimazushi''—and for its ''[[kusaya]]'' (a dried and fermented version of [[Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus|''hamatobiuo'']]).<ref name="japan today 20120917">{{cite news|last=Kendall|first=Philip|date=17 September 2012|title=Just 45 minutes from Haneda Airport: 6 things that make Hachijo-jima a hidden gem|url=https://www.japantoday.com/category/travel/view/just-45-minutes-from-haneda-airport-6-things-that-make-hachijo-jima-a-hidden-gem|work=[[Japan Today]]|access-date=13 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413235241/https://www.japantoday.com/category/travel/view/just-45-minutes-from-haneda-airport-6-things-that-make-hachijo-jima-a-hidden-gem|archive-date=13 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="hachijo 2015 pamphlet">{{cite web |url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/toukei-siryou/pdf/hachijo2015.pdf |script-title=ja:はちじょう 2015 |trans-title=Hachijō 2015 |language=ja |date=2015 |page=4 |publisher=[[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]] |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xv7SjyQN?url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/toukei-siryou/pdf/hachijo2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> As well as being served with sake, the latter is used in many different recipes.<ref name="ashitaba">{{cite web |url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/tokusyuu/kyoudo_ryouri/html/ashitaba1/ahitaba.html |script-title=ja:あしたば |trans-title=Ashitaba |access-date=14 March 2018 |language=ja |publisher=[[Hachijō, Tokyo|Hachijō]] |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6xv7pWz3N?url=http://www.town.hachijo.tokyo.jp/tokusyuu/kyoudo_ryouri/html/ashitaba1/ahitaba.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Local cuisine also makes use of the [[ashitaba]] plant in dishes such as ashitaba [[soba]] and [[tempura]].<ref name="hiragana times 2010" /><ref name="ashitaba"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Noboryou pass Hachijojima 2007-03-16.jpg|Mt Hachijō-Fuji and Hachijō-Kojima island seen from the Noboryō Pass
File:Hachijojima tamaishigaki 2007-03-20.jpg|Tamaishigaki: walls built by convicts exiled on Hachijō-jima in the Edo Period
File:Hachijojima karadaki 2007-03-16.jpg|The Karataki waterfall, in the hills around Mt. Mihara
File:Hachijo taiko 2007-03-21.jpg|[[Taiko]] drummers wearing [[kimono]]s made from kihachijō cloth
File:Hachijojima freesia festival 2007-03-21.jpg|Freesia Festival
File:Hachijojima aloe 2007-03-20.jpg|[[Aloe]] growing on Mt. Hachijō-Fuji
File:Hachijojima.JPG|Hachijō-jima view
File:Hachijojima Kurosuna.JPG|View from the top of the rock at Kurosuna, Hachijō
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Tokyo}}
* ''[[Runin: Banished]]'', a 2004 film about convicts exiled to Hachijō-jima and their attempts to escape
* ''[[Battle Royale (film)|Battle Royale]]'', a 2000 film filmed on the neighbouring, uninhabited, ''Hachijō Kojima'', although not set on the island
* [[List of islands of Japan]]

==References==
{{Reflist|22em}}

==Further reading==
* Tsune Sugimura; Shigeo Kasai. ''Hachijo: Isle of Exile''. New York: Weatherhill, 1973. {{ISBN|978-0-8348-0081-6}}
* ''Teikoku's Complete Atlas of Japan''. Tokyo: Teikoku-Shoin, 1990. {{ISBN|4-8071-0004-1}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hachijojima}}
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/321_Hachijojima/321_index.html Hachijojima] – Japan Meteorological Agency {{in lang|ja}}
* {{cite web|url= http://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/STOCK/souran_eng/volcanoes/064_hachijojima.pdf |title=Hachijojima: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan|publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]]}}
* [https://gbank.gsj.jp/volcano/Quat_Vol/volcano_data/G11.html Hachijo Jima Volcano Group] – Geological Survey of Japan
* [http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=284050 Hachijojima: Global Volcanism Program] – Smithsonian Institution

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hachijojima}}
[[Category:Izu Islands]]
[[Category:Active volcanoes]]
[[Category:Islands of Tokyo]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of the Nanpo Islands]]
[[Category:Seabird colonies]]