Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Abdul Karim Parekh

2016-12-01T21:05:40Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abdul Karim Parekh
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|04|15}}
| birth_place = Kanseoni, [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2007|09|11|1928|04|15}}
| death_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Scholar Translator Social worker
| yearsactive =
| known for = Social work Translation of [[Quran]]
| spouse = Zubeda Amina
| domesticpartner =
| children = 4 sons and 5 daughters
| parents = Abdul Latif Hanifa
| website = {{Url|http://www.abdulkarimparekh.com|Website}}
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}
'''Abdul Karim Parekh''' (1928–2007), popularly known as '''Maulana''', was an Indian social worker and scholar, known for his translation of [[Quran]] into [[Urdu language]]<ref name="Padma Bhushan Maulana Abdul Karim Parekh">{{cite web | url=http://www.getlisteduae.com/listings/padma-bhushan-maulana-abdul-karim-parekh/ | title=Padma Bhushan Maulana Abdul Karim Parekh | publisher=Getlisted UAE | date=2016 | accessdate=May 28, 2016}}</ref> and his discourses on the Islamic religious text.<ref name="On Peace TV">{{cite web | url=http://www.peacetvurdu.org/sp_abdul_karim_parekh.html | title=On Peace TV | publisher=Peace TV | date=2016 | accessdate=May 28, 2016}}</ref> Born on 15 April 1928 at Kanseoni village in the western Indian state of [[Maharashtra]] to Abdul Latif and Hanifa as the third of the 13 children born to them, his schooling was only up to primary classes after which he worked as a labour to earn a living.<ref name="Family Background ">{{cite web | url=http://www.abdulkarimparekh.com//Maulana%20Abdul%20Karim%20Parekh%20Biography%20&%20thoughts.pdf | title=Family Background | publisher=Biography | date=2016 | accessdate=May 28, 2016}}</ref> He was known to have been self-taught and translated [[Quran]] into [[Urdu language]] which reportedly had 40 re-prints.<ref name="Maulana Abdul Karim Parekh passes away">{{cite web | url=http://twocircles.net/2007sep11/maulana_abdul_karim_parekh_passes_away.html#.V0qJEZF97IV | title=Maulana Abdul Karim Parekh passes away | publisher=Two Circles | date=11 September 2007 | accessdate=May 29, 2016}}</ref> He was the founder treasurer of the [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]] (AIMPLB) and is a recipient of the ''Pride of India'' honour from American Federation of Muslims from India (AFMI).<ref name="On Peace TV" /> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 2001, for his contributions to society.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | accessdate=January 3, 2016}}</ref> He died on 11 September 2007, at the age of 79, survived by four sons and five daughters; his wife had predeceased him.<ref name="Maulana Abdul Karim Parekh passes away" />

== See also ==
* [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]]
{{portal|India}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvVMqfviINE | title=Tauba Kyya Hai? | publisher=Zoha Parekh | work=Discourse by Maulana Abdul Karim Parekh - [[YouTube]] video | date=10 March 2011 | accessdate=May 29, 2016}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.explore-quran.com/messages/LastSupplication.html | title=The Last Day Of Maulana Abdul Karim Parekh | publisher=Explore Al Quran | work=Web article | date=2016 | accessdate=May 29, 2016}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.abdulkarimparekh.com//Maulana%20Abdul%20Karim%20Parekh%20Biography%20&%20thoughts.pdf | title=Padma Bhushan Maulana Abdul Karim Parekh — Biography | publisher=AbdulKarimParekh.com | work=Life sketch — web article | date=2016 | accessdate=May 29, 2016}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parekh, Abdul Karim}}
{{India-bio-stub}}

[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in social work]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian male social workers]]
[[Category:Indian translators]]

Masood Salahuddin

2016-12-01T20:45:50Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Masood Salahuddin
| image =
| country = Pakistan
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1915|12|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Meerut|Merath]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India ]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2006|3|21|1915|12|24|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Lahore]], Pakistan
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm medium-fast
| role = Captain
| club1 = [[United Provinces cricket team|United Provinces]]
| year1 = 1934-35 to 1940-41
| club2 = [[Pakistan Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| year2 = 1953-54 to 1958-59
| umpire = true
| testsumpired = 1
| umptestdebutyr = 1955
| umptestlastyr =
| deliveries = balls
| columns = 1
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches1 = 24
| runs1 = 528
| bat avg1 = 14.66
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 42
| deliveries1 = 1750
| wickets1 = 39
| bowl avg1 = 23.23
| fivefor1 = 1
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 6/62
| catches/stumpings1 = 9/-
| date = 18 December 2013
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/41638.html Cricinfo
}}
'''Masood Salahuddin''' (24 December 1915 – 21 March 2006) was a Pakistani [[umpire (cricket)|cricket umpire]]. He stood in one [[Test cricket|Test match]], Pakistan vs. India in Karachi in 1955.<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/41638.html |title= Masood Salahuddin |accessdate=2013-07-12 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

He had a long playing career in [[first-class cricket]] as a pace bowler, beginning in the [[Ranji Trophy]] in 1934-35 for [[United Provinces cricket team|United Provinces]], and continuing after [[Pakistan Movement|independence]] of [[Pakistan]] as captain of [[Pakistan Railways cricket team|Railways]] until 1958-59. He took 21 wickets at an average of 18.80 for United Provinces, including 6 for 62 against [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] in 1939-40.<ref>[http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17255.html Bengal v United Provinces 1939-40]</ref> He played two matches for India against the visiting Australian team in 1935-36. For Railways his captaincy was more important: beginning his career there at the age of 37, in 10 matches he bowled only 102 overs and took 12 wickets at 24.41,<ref>[http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/42/42660/f_Bowling_by_Team.html Masood Salahuddin bowling by team]</ref> and sometimes made useful runs in the lower order, 275 at 17.18.

Although he had never umpired in first-class cricket, had just captained North Zone against the Indians a few days previously,<ref>[http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/21/21442.html North Zone v Indians 1954-55]</ref> and was one of the Test selectors, he was called upon to umpire the Fifth Test in the 1954-55 series, with the approval of the Indian team. He explained: "The umpire got ill and we had no reserve ... I was an official with the railways and had played cricket. But with no umpiring experience I was asked to stand in a Test."<ref>Omar Noman, ''Pride and Passion: An Exhilarating Half Century of Cricket in Pakistan'', OUP, Karachi, 1998, p. 99.</ref> He may have been being diplomatic: his obituary in ''[[Wisden]]'' gives the reason for the emergency as "a row over the appointed officials", and adds that he "showed his mettle" when he gave [[Abdul Hafeez Kardar|Abdul Kardar]], the Pakistani captain, out stumped for 93.<ref>''[[Wisden]]'' 2007, p. 1562.</ref>

He was assistant manager of the Pakistan team in England in 1954, and managed the tour of England in 1971.

He studied architecture at [[University College London]].<ref>[http://www.cricketviewer.com/pakistani-player-masood-salahuddin-dies-at-age-90.html Pakistani player Masood Salahuddin dies at age 90]</ref> He died after a road accident in Lahore.<ref name="Cricinfo" />

==See also==
* [[List of Test cricket umpires]]
* [[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1954–55]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/42/42660/42660.html Masood Salahuddin at Cricket Archive]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salahuddin, Masood}}
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:People from Meerut]]
[[Category:Pakistani Test cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Pakistan Railways cricketers]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani cricketers]]

Mohammad Gulzar Saifi

2016-12-01T20:45:17Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Notability|date=January 2010}}

'''Mohammad Gulzar Saifi''' (born 16 February 1983) is an [[India]]n [[educator]], [[community organizer]] and [[polio]] survivor in the north [[India]]n city of [[Meerut]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He was the featured protagonist in the 2009 [[Academy Award]]-nominated documentary film, ''[[The Final Inch]].'' <ref>Pandey, Geeta. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7898858.stm "Final Inch towards the Oscars,"] [[BBC News]]. 19 February 2009.</ref> The short film profiles one of those stricken by polio; and in this way, the documentary establishes a context for global efforts to eradicate the paralysing illness.<ref>[http://www.france24.com/en/20090204-india-polio-survivor-stars-oscar-nominated-film "India polio survivor stars in Oscar-nominated film,"] [[France24]]. 4 February 2009.</ref>

Gulzar is a graduate in English from Meerut's Chowdhary Charan Singh University. In part, because of the celebrity status which attended the film, this teacher with a disability has come to earn a living by giving English lessons to about 60 children daily.<ref name="kumar2009">Kumar, Lalit. [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Delhi/Crippled_hes_walked_an_extra_mile_to_Oscars/articleshow/4057993.cms "Crippled, he's walked an extra mile to Oscars,"] ''The Times of India.'' 1 February 2009; [http://www.dawn.com/2009/02/05/top14.htm "Adversity turns into success – a film about a polio victim,"] ''Dawn'' (Karachi, Pakistan). 5 February 2009.</ref> Gulzar has [[lessons learned the hard way|learned the hard way]] that "polio is not a disease, it’s a disaster for many ... I was lucky, I had a good family who looked after me but what about those who don’t, those who are abandoned? I appeal to everyone to get their child vaccinated against polio."<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2009/02/05/top14.htm "Adversity,"] ''Dawn''.</ref> The title ''The Final Inch'' refers to the fact that health officials say polio, which can paralyse a child for life within hours, is on the brink of being controlled.

==Documentary==
[[File:The Final Inch poster.jpg|thumb|right|The promotional poster for the Academy Award-nominated film, ''The Final Inch,'' which features Mohammad Gulzar Saifi]]
The title of the documentary film ''The Final Inch'' refers to the fact that polio, which can paralyse a child for life within hours, is on the brink of being eliminated—thanks to mass immunisation, the world is mere "inches" from achieving that ultimate achievable goal.<ref>[http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=271346&version=1&template_id=40&parent_id=22 "India polio survivor stars in Oscar-nominated film,"] ''Gulf Times'' (Doha, Qatar). 6 February 2009.</ref> Eradication of worldwide polio has attracted attention, but "getting rid of the last 1 percent has been like trying to squeeze Jell-O to death."<ref>McNeil, Donald. [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/01/health/01polio.html?ref=science In Battle Against Polio, a Call for a Final Salvo."] ''New York Times.'' February 1, 2011; excerpt, "... getting rid of the last 1 percent has been like trying to squeeze Jell-O to death. As the vaccination fist closes in one country, the virus bursts out in another .... The [eradication] effort has now cost $9 billion, and each year consumes another $1 billion."</ref>

There was comparatively little media coverage about ''The Final Inch'' in India, even as its people seemed obsessed with [[Academy Award|Oscar]]-front-runner ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''.<ref>Tharakan, Tony. [http://in.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idINIndia-37790220090202?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 "Two documentaries set in India eye Oscar glory,"] Reuters. 2 February 2009.</ref> However, articles in ''[[The Times of India]],'' ''[[Daily India]]'' and word-of-mouth in Meerut's Dibai Nagar area confirm that Saifi is the star of the documentary.<ref>Kumar, [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Delhi/Crippled_hes_walked_an_extra_mile_to_Oscars/articleshow/4057993.cms "Crippled,"] ''The Times of India;'' Singh, Vijay Pratap. [http://www.dailyindia.com/show/295017.php "Polio-crippled Indian joins the race for Oscars,"] ''Daily India.'' 3 February 2009.</ref> Saifi's prominent role in the film has caused a dramatic change in his life; and when the film was included in the Oscar race, people were congratulating him with flowers and garlands.<ref>Singh, [http://www.dailyindia.com/show/295017.php "Polio-crippled,"] ''Daily India.''</ref>

Assessing on the film's potential impact, Meerut District's chief medical officer observed, "The sensitivity with which the film has been made is a sign of the earnestness of those involved in the polio eradication program. Gulzar's story is bound to be a lesson for many families ignoring polio vaccination. We really hope it works towards motivating that section of the society."<ref name="kumar2009"/>

==See also==
* [[Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject)]], 2009.

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* Abidi, Adnan. [http://in.reuters.com/news/pictures/articleslideshow?articleId=INIndia-37790220090202&channelName=entertainmentNews#a=1 "Two documentaries set in India eye Oscar glory,"] Reuters. 28 January 2009.
* [http://www.dawn.com/2009/02/05/top14.htm "Adversity turns into success – a film about a polio victim,"] ''Dawn'' (Karachi, Pakistan). 5 February 2009.
* [[Agence France Press]] (AGF): [http://www.france24.com/en/20090204-india-polio-survivor-stars-oscar-nominated-film "India polio survivor stars in Oscar-nominated film,"] [[France24]]. 4 February 2009; [http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=271346&version=1&template_id=40&parent_id=22 ] ''Gulf Times'' (Doha, Qatar). 6 February 2009.
* Kumar, Lalit. [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Delhi/Crippled_hes_walked_an_extra_mile_to_Oscars/articleshow/4057993.cms "Crippled, he's walked an extra mile to Oscars,"] ''The Times of India.'' 1 February 2009.
* Singh, Vijay Pratap. [http://www.dailyindia.com/show/295017.php "Polio-crippled Indian joins the race for Oscars,"] ''Daily India.'' 3 February 2009.
* Tharakan, Tony. [http://in.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idINIndia-37790220090202?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 "Two documentaries set in India eye Oscar glory,"] Reuters. 2 February 2009.

==External links ==
* [http://www.unicef.org/media/media_48106.html "Academy Award recognition for India’s fight to eradicate polio,"] [[UNICEF]]. 18 February 2009.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saifi, Mohammad Gulzar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Chaudhary Charan Singh University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Meerut]]

Salma Arastu

2016-12-01T20:40:26Z

202.5.145.75:

'''Salma Arastu''' (born 1950, Rajasthan, India) is an [[India]]n [[artist]], living in [[North America]].<ref name=toi>{{cite news|url=http://www.salmaarastu.com/bio.php |title=welcome to salma arustu |publisher=Salma Arustu |accessdate=2014-05-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523230220/http://www.salmaarastu.com/bio.php |archivedate=May 23, 2014 }}</ref><ref name=hersite>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.salmaarastu.com/about.htm
|title=Bio: Salma Arastu
|publisher=
|accessdate=2007-04-23
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061231172218/http://www.salmaarastu.com/about.htm  |archivedate = 2006-12-31}}</ref><ref name=a-i-site>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.iaac.us/art_exhibition/salma_arastu/bio.htm
|title=Indo-American Arts Council
|publisher=[[Indo-American Arts Council]]
|accessdate=2007-04-23
}}</ref><ref name=sawcc>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.sawcc.org/emergency_artists.html
|title=SAWCC: Shaken and Stirred Visual Arts
|publisher=SAWCC.org
|accessdate=2007-04-23
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070428175007/http://www.sawcc.org/emergency_artists.html  |archivedate = 2007-04-28}}</ref><ref name=skidmore>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/arthistory/ah369/contemporarysite.ht
|title=South Asian Women's Creative Collection
|publisher=skidmore.edu
|accessdate=2007-04-23
}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Arastu is a native of [[Rajasthan]] and had a masters in fine arts from MS University in Baroda.<ref name=toi/> Arastu's main mediums include clay sculpture, paper mache, and print work. She has also worked extensively with calligraphy and produces greeting cards for the American Muslim community.<ref>Moore, Haddad, Smith (2006) p. 139</ref> Arastu has been exhibiting her paintings for over last thirty years in [[India]], [[Iran]], [[Kuwait]], [[Germany]] and the [[United States]], having more than thirty solo and group exhibitions.<ref name=a-i-site/><ref name=skidmore/><ref name=ncwca>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.ncwca.org/newsletter.php
|title=Women's Caucus for Art: Northern California Chapter
|publisher=ncwca.org
|accessdate=2007-04-23
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061214075043/http://www.ncwca.org/newsletter.php  |archivedate = 2006-12-14}}</ref> Furthermore, her work has been placed in many museums around world for example, "State Museum of Art, Harrisburg, PA" and "Museum Of Modern Art, Hyderabad, India".<ref name=hersite/><ref name=mesart.com>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mesart.com/biography.jsp.que.artist.eq.3256.shtml
|title=Biography: Salma Arastu
|publisher=mesart.com
|accessdate=2007-04-23
}}</ref>
Her exhibitions have been held in notable places e.g. "Stanford Art Spaces", [[Stanford University]], "art Museum", [[Radford University]],<ref name=radford>
{{cite web
|url=http://rumuseum.asp.radford.edu/past_years/04_05_season/04_05_season.htm
|title=RU Museum Current Exhibitions
|publisher=radford.edu
|accessdate=2007-04-23
}}</ref><ref name=starford>
{{cite web
|url=http://cis.stanford.edu/~marigros/show56.html
|title=SAS Exhibition
|publisher=stanford.edu
|accessdate=2007-04-23
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070609151708/http://cis.stanford.edu/~marigros/show56.html  |archivedate = 2007-06-09}}</ref><ref name=mercury>
{{cite web
|url=http://events.mercurynews.com/events/show/1117111-Illustrations-Paintings-
|title=illustration & Paintings, Stanford Galleries, San Jose Mercury News
|publisher=[[San Jose Mercury News]]
|accessdate=2007-04-02
}}</ref> and she has earned several awards for her work.<ref name=hersite/>

== Selected solo exhibition ==


Salma Arastu has had more than thirty solo exhibitions and even many more group exhibitions.<ref name=hersite/><ref name=a-i-site/><ref name=mesart.com/><ref name=dailytargum>
{{cite web
|url=http://media.www.dailytargum.com/media/storage/paper168/news/2004/12/13/University/Event.Showcases.Islam.Artists.Poets.Musicians-828394.shtml
|title=Event showcases Islam artists, poets, musicians
|publisher=[[Daily Targum]]
|accessdate=2007-04-24
}}</ref> Some of her selected solo exhibitions are following.

* 2006 September: Artjaz Gallery in Philadelphia, [[Pennsylvania|PA]]<ref name=hersite/><ref name=jaz>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.artjaz.com/artists/arastu/index.html
|title= Art Jaz Gallery - Salma Arastu
|publisher=artjaz
|accessdate=2007-04-24
}}</ref>
* 2005 September: The Hope Horn Gallery Scranton University, [[Scranton]] [[Pennsylvania|PA]]<ref name=hersite/><ref name=hope>
{{cite web
|url=http://matrix.scranton.edu/Resources/re_art_gallery.shtml
|title=The University of Scranton- The hope Horn Gallery
|publisher=scranton.edu
|accessdate=2007-04-24
}}</ref>
* 2005 April: Penn State University gallery at Berks campus Reading PA
* 2005 February: [[Radford University]] Art Museum, [[Radford University]], Radford,VA<ref name=radford/>
* 2004 May: The Art Alliance, Cornwell, Upstate New York
* 2004 April: Gelabert Studios Gallery, [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|NY]]<ref name=toi/><ref name=hersite/>
* 2003 April: Artjaz Gallery, [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]]<ref name=hersite/><ref name=jaz/>
* 2003 April: Black Cultural Center, Lafayette College, and Easton, PA<ref name=black>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.lafayette.edu/news.php/view/5486/
|title=Work by Five Women Artists on Display at Black Cultural center
|publisher=lafayette.edu
|accessdate=2007-04-24
}}</ref>
* 2002 May: Barns and Noble, Broadway, [[New York City|New York]]
* 2002 April: Open Space Gallery, [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]]
* 2000 September: ArtJaz Gallery, [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]]
* 2000 June: Sweet cream cafe gallery, Strousburg, [[Pennsylvania|PA]]
* 2000 An Invitational exhibition of paintings and six-week residency program in Schwabisch Gmund, Germany. 15 March 2000 to the end of April 2000.
* 1999 Reading Art Museum. [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]]<ref name=reading>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.readingpublicmuseum.org/exhibits/past/2001/070101_082601.html
|title=Reading Public Museum: Discovery Through Art, Science and Civilization
|publisher=[[Reading Public Museum]]
|accessdate=2007-04-24
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070927022452/http://www.readingpublicmuseum.org/exhibits/past/2001/070101_082601.html  |archivedate = 2007-09-27}}</ref>
* 1998 Art Gallery De Art Magic, Easton, PA
* 1998 Art Heritage, [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
* 1998 A Gallery, [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|NY]]
* 1997 The Gallery at Northampton Community College, [[Bethlehem]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]]
* 1997 Hub Gallery, Moravian College, [[Bethlehem]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]]
* 1993 Design Accent, [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]].
* 1992 Cedar Crest College, [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]].
* 1992 Powers Art Gallery, East Strousburg University, [[Pennsylvania|PA]].
* 1991 Fine Arts Commission, Rotunda Gallery, [[Bethlehem]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]].
* 1989 Springer Gallery, Allentown, PA.
* 1989 DuBois Gallery & Display Cases Maginnes Hall, [[Lehigh University]],
* 1989 John's United Church of Christ, Kutztown, PA. East Penn Emerging Art 1986 Boushari Gallery, [[Kuwait City]], [[Kuwait]].
* 1984 British Council Gallery, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
* 1981 Kala Bhavan Gallery, Hyderabad, [[India]].
* 1979 Shridharani Gallery, New Delhi, [[India]].
* 1978 Azad Gallery, Tehran, [[Iran]].
* 1977 Art Gallery, Hotel Intercontinental, [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].
* 1976 Kala Bhavan Gallery, [[Hyderabad district (India)|Hyderabad]], [[India]].
* 1975 Kala Bhavan, Hyderabad, India.
* 1973 Academy of Fine Arts Gallery, [[Calcutta]], [[India]].

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
*{{cite book
| last=Moore | first=Kathleen M
|author2=Haddad, Y |author3=Smith, J
| title=Muslim Women in America: The Challenge of Islamic Identity Today
| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]
| year=2006
| isbn=0-19-517783-5
}}
*{{cite book
| last=O'Brien | first=Jodi A.
| title=The Production Of Reality: the Production of (p 4/ed) Reality: Essays and Readings on Social Interaction
| publisher=[[Pine Forge Press]]
| year=2006
| isbn=1-4129-1519-8
}}
*{{cite journal
|author=Lee Klein
|year=2003
|title=Art on the Eve of Destruction
|journal=[[PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art]]
|volume=25
|issue=3 |pages=20
|doi=10.1162/152028103322491656
}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.salmaarastu.com/ Salma Arastu's Art Collection] (official website).
* Salma Arastu's Official [http://www.yourtruegreetings.com Islamic Greeting Cards and Arabic Calligraphy] collection.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arusta, Salma}}
[[Category:Modern painters]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:American Muslims]]
[[Category:Calligraphers of Arabic script]]
[[Category:American calligraphers]]
[[Category:Indian calligraphers]]
[[Category:American women artists of Indian descent]]
[[Category:20th-century women artists]]

Faizan Mustafa

2016-12-01T20:38:39Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Prof. Faizan Mustafa
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| alma_mater = [[Aligarh Muslim University]], [[International Institute of Human Rights]]
| occupation = [[Academician]], [[Author]], [[Lawyer]]
| years_active = since 1990
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| title = [[Vice-Chancellor]] of [[Nalsar University of Law|NALSAR University, Hyderabad]]
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'''Dr. Faizan Mustafa''' is the Vice-Chancellor of [[NALSAR University of Law]], Hyderabad. He had graduated from Aligarh Muslim University in History and Law and later [[LL.M]] also with distinction from Aligarh Muslim University.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prof. Faizan Mustafa on challenges of being a VC — A Law University, Government of India|url=http://superlawyer.in/prof-faizan-mustafa-challenges-being-vc-authoring-scholarly-books-legal-education/|website=Prof. Faizan Mustafa on challenges of being a VC|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> He has his doctorate in [[Copyright Law]] and a diploma from [[International Institute of Human Rights]] on International and Comparative Human Rights Law. Before taking charge as [[Vice-chancellor|VC]] of NALSAR, he was the founder Vice-Chancellor of National Law University, Odisha. Besides teaching and research works in the field of law, he has also authored several books and plenty of papers in national and international journals. He has been credited to explore new areas such as HIV Law, etc.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vice-Chancellor's Profile: NALSAR University — A Law University, Government of India|url=http://www.nalsar.ac.in/faculty/Faizan%20Mustafa%20profile.html/|website=Vice-Chancellor's Profile: NALSAR University|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mustafa, Faizan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University faculty]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian legal scholars]]

Anam Hashim

2016-12-01T20:37:14Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Orphan|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| nationality = Indian
| birth_name = Anam Hashim
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|21 May 1995}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| occupation = Professional bike stunter
}}

'''Anam Hashim''' is an [[India|Indian]] female professional bike [[stunt performer]] and rider.<ref>{{cite web|title=Girl Power Comes To Stunt Biking|url=http://www.redbull.com/in/en/motorsports/stories/1331628095573/girl-power-comes-to-stunt-biking}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Anam Hashim – The Lady Who Mastered Stunt Riding|url=http://www.motorbeam.com/2013/08/general/anam-hashim-the-lady-who-mastered-stunt-riding/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NEXT MOTO CHAMPIONS FROM AROUND THE WORLD: Anam Hashim, 16 yr old Stunt Girl from India|url=http://www.nextmotochampion.com/nmc-news/next-moto-champions-from-around-the-world-anam-hashim-16-yr-old-stunt-girl-from-india}}</ref> She is known as the first woman who had ridden to [[Khardung La]] on a [[TVS Scooty]].<ref>{{cite web|last=BHANJ|first=Jaideep|title=Driving up Khardung La on a scooty|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/travel-driving-up-khardung-la-on-a-scooty/article7696382.ece|publisher=The Hindu|accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=At the Beginning: Anam Hashim takes the TVS Scooty Zest to Ladakh|url=http://bikeindia.in/at-the-beginning-anam-hashim-takes-the-tvs-scooty-zest-to-ladakh}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Anam Hashim rides to Pangong and Khardung on a TVS Scooty|url=http://www.rushlane.com/anam-hashim-tvs-scooty-ride-khardung-pangong-12165831.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Adventure: A young lass on the TVS Scooty Zest 110 VS the mighty Himalayas|url=http://www.motoroids.com/features/adventure-a-young-lass-on-the-tvs-scooty-zest-110-vs-the-mighty-himalayas}}</ref>She is also works on some ecommerce projects deals with bike alteration and stunt parts along with her publicity.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hashim, Anam}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Indian stunt performers]]

{{India-bio-stub}}

Zahida Zaidi

2016-12-01T20:34:51Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Infobox person
|name = Zahida Zaidi
|image =Zahida_zaidi.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Prof. Zahida Zaidi
|birth_name =
|birth_date = 4 January 1930
|birth_place = [[Meerut]], India
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|1|11|1930|1|4|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Aligarh]], India
|nationality = Indian
|occupation = Writer and poet
|known_for = Poetry in Urdu and English
|notable_works = More than 30 books, and translations of [[Chekhov]], [[Pirandello]], [[Beckett]], [[Sartre]], and [[Ionesco]]
}}
'''Zahida Zaidi''' (4 January 1930 – 11 January 2011) was am Indian scholar, professor of English literature, poet, dramatist, playwright, and literary critic. Her literary contributions include more than 30 books in [[Urdu language|Urdu]] and [[English language|English]] related to social, psychological, and philosophical aspects, and the translation of the literary works of [[Chekhov]], [[Pirandello]], [[Beckett]], [[Sartre]], and [[Ionesco]]. She produced and directed several plays of Indian and Western authors in Urdu and English.<ref name=Lead>{{Cite web|url=https://rekhta.org/poets/zahida-zaidi/profile|title=Zahida Zaidi 1930–2011|accessdate=5 April 2016|publisher= rekhta.org}}</ref><ref name="TharuLalita1993">{{cite book|author1=Susie J. Tharu|author2=Ke Lalita|title=Women Writing in India: The twentieth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjZYf9Xf9bcC&pg=PA322|year=1993|publisher=Feminist Press at CUNY|isbn=978-1-55861-029-3|pages=322–}}</ref><ref name= Service>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sajida-zaidi-celebrated-urdu-writer-passes-away-at-84/760896/|title=Sajida Zaidi, celebrated Urdu writer, passes away at 84|date=11 March 2011|accessdate=5 April 2016|newspaper=Indian Express}}</ref> She received the Hum Sab Ghalib Award for Urdu drama awarded by the Ghalib Institute, Delhi, and the Kul Hind Bahadur Shah Zafar Award.<ref name=Main/>

==Biography==
Zahida Zaidi was born on 4 January 1930 in [[Meerut]], India. She was the youngest of five daughters. Her father, S.M. Mustehsin Zaidi, taught mathematics at the [[University of Cambridge]] and was a well-known advocate in Meerut. He died when Zaidi was very young. Her paternal grandfather, K.G. Saqulain, was a noted social reformer, while her maternal grandfather, Maulana Khwaja [[Altaf Husain Hali]], was an Urdu poet.<ref name=Main/> An older sister, [[Sajida Zaidi]], who died two months after her, was also a well-known poet and a professor of education at the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU); the two were famously known as the "Zaidi Sisters" in the literary community.<ref name= Service/> Though from a conservative [[Muslim society]], she and Sajida stopped wearing the [[burqa]] as students at the AMU and rode their bicycles to class.<ref name=Lead/><ref name= Service/><ref name=Main>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article2611.html|title=Remembering Zahida Zaidi|journal=Mainstream Weekly|volume=XLIX|issue=12|date=15 March 2011|accessdate=3 May 2016}}</ref>

Her widowed mother moved the family from Meerut to Panipat and sent her girls to study at the AMU, as it was a premier educational institution.<ref name=Lead/><ref name= Service/><ref name=Five>{{Cite web|url=http://www.readperiodicals.com/201102/2278430671.html|title=India: Remembering Zahida Zaidi, Poetry's Child|accessdate=6 March 2016|publisher= Women's Feature Service: Readperiodicals.com}}</ref> At AMU, Zaidi obtained the degrees of Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Master of Arts (MA) in English language. She continued her academic career in England, studying with a Modified Overseas Merit Scholarship at the [[University of Cambridge]], where she obtained BA Honours and MA degrees in English. On her return to India, she taught English at the [[Lady Irwin College]] and [[Miranda House]] of the [[University of Delhi]], and also at Women's College, AMU, from 1952 to 1964. She was appointed Reader in the AMU Department of English in 1964. In 1983 she became a Professor of English, and retired in 1988. Earlier, during 1971–72, she worked as a fellow at the [[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]] in [[Shimla]].<ref name="TharuLalita1993"/><ref name=Main/>

Zaidi was a poet and dramatist of distinction in English and Urdu. Her translations into Urdu include the plays of [[Anton Chekov]], [[Luigi Pirandello]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], and [[Samuel Beckett]], as well as [[Pablo Neruda]]'s poetry; these works were translated from the original versions in French, Italian, and English. She proficiently staged many of these plays. Besides drama, her interests included philosophy and religion, and Western, Indian, and Persian literature. Through her writings, she was fond of expressing an "existential and mystical strain" and had a knack for word-play. Her debut collection of poetry, ''Zahr-e-Hyat'' (Life's Poison) (1970), earned her the Urdu Academy Award in 1971. Her second poetry collection was titled ''Dharti ka Lams'' (Touch of Earth) (1975). Her poems titled ''Beyond Words'' and ''Broken Pieces'' were published in 1979.<ref name="TharuLalita1993"/> Her last book was ''Glimpses of Urdu Literature'', which included a section on ''Nature in Iqbal's poetry''.<ref name=Five/>

Zaidi died in Aligarh on 11 January 2011.<ref name=Lead/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zaidi, Zahida}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian women poets]]
[[Category:People from Meerut]]
[[Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Urdu women writers]]
[[Category:Indian translators]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian women educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Women writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scientists from Uttar Pradesh]]

Nabila Jamshed

2016-12-01T20:34:15Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Infobox writer
| name = Nabila Jamshed
| image =
| imagesize = 150px
| alt =
| caption = Nabila Jamshed in 2012
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Novelist
| nationality = {{flagcountry|India|name = Indian}}
| ethnicity = Asian
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| education =
| alma_mater = [[University of Oxford]]
| period = Contemporary
| genre = [[Fantasy]]
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = Wish upon a Time
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature =
| website = {{URL|http://www.nabilajamshed.net}}
| portaldisp =
}}
'''Nabila Jamshed''' is the author of the [[fantasy]] novel ''Wish Upon A Time - The Legendary Scimitar''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekContent.do?BV_ID=@@@&contentType=EDITORIAL&sectionName=TheWeek%20COVER%20STORY&programId=1073755753&contentId=2709931 |title=On a flight of fantasy |first=N |last=Doval |date=2007-07-29 |accessdate=2008-07-03 |publisher=[[Theweek]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010144028/http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekContent.do?BV_ID=@@@&contentType=EDITORIAL&sectionName=TheWeek%20COVER%20STORY&programId=1073755753&contentId=2709931 |archivedate=October 10, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first = Vandana | last = Kalra | title = The Write Beginning. | url = http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=249163 | publisher = Kolkatta Newsline | date = 2007-08-06 | accessdate = 2008-07-03 }} {{dead link|date=May 2012}}</ref> her [[debut novel]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070016882 | title = LSR student publishes first novel | last = Khanna | first = Neha |author2=Bakshi, Sonika | date = 2007-06-27 | accessdate = 2008-07-03 | publisher = [[NDTV]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Aps |last=Malhotra |authorlink= |title= To wish upon a star |url=http://www.hindu.com/yw/2007/07/06/stories/2007070650680600.htm |work=The Hindu |publisher= |date=2007-07-06 |accessdate=2008-07-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first = Pramita | last = Bose | title = A blend of myth and fantasy | date = 2010-07-21 | url = http://www.asianage.com/books/blend-myth-and-fantasy-331 | work = [[Asian Age]] | accessdate = 2010-10-18}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | isbn = 81-7202-663-3 | title = Wish Upon A Time - The Legendary Scimitar | last = Jamshed | first = N | year = 2007 }}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.blogger.com/profile/16905608875740312802 Blog profile]
* [http://www.nabilajamshed.net Official Website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jamshed, Nabila}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian translators]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Writers of young adult literature]]
[[Category:University of Delhi alumni]]

{{india-writer-stub}}

Rakhshanda Jalil

2016-12-01T20:33:27Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Orphan|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name =Rakhshanda Jalil
| image =
| imagesize = 200px
| education = Post graduation from [[Miranda House|Miranda house]] [[Delhi University and doctorate from Jamia Millia Islamia]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 21 July 1963
| birth_place =[[Delhi]]
| occupation = Indian writer, critic and literary historian
}}
'''Dr Rakhshanda Jalil''' (born 21 July 1963) ) is a well known Indian writer, critic and literary historian. She is best known for much-acclaimed book on Delhi's lesser-known monuments called ''Invisible City: The hidden Monuments of India''<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=8189738771 |title=Invisible City: The Hidden Monument of Delhi (9788189738778): Rakhshanda Jalil, Khushwant Singh: Books |publisher=Amazon.com |date=2013-02-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebookreviewindia.org/articles/archives-697/2012/january/1/delhis-hidden-riches.html |title=Delhi's Hidden Riches |publisher=Thebookreviewindia.org |date=2012-01-01 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> and a well-received collection of short stories, called ''Release & Other Stories''<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=9350290693 |title=Release and Other Stories: Rakhshanda Jalil: 9789350290699: Amazon.com: Books |publisher=Amazon.com |date=2011-11-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/cm-releases-short-story-collection/ |title=CM releases short story collection |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2011-09-18 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Harper Collins, 2011). Her PhD. on the Progressive Writers' Movement as Reflected in Urdu Literature has been published by Oxford University Press as ''Liking Progress, Loving Change''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780198096733.do |title=Liking Progress, Loving Change: Rakhshanda Jalil - Oxford University Press |publisher=Ukcatalogue.oup.com |date=2014-03-06 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jalil |first=Rakhshanda |url=http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/liking-progress-loving-change-a/9780198096733-item.html |title=Liking Progress, Loving Change: A Literary History of the Progressive Writers Movement in Urdu Book by Rakhshanda Jalil | Hardcover |publisher=chapters.indigo.ca |date=2013-12-15 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (2014).Rakhshanda Jalil runs an organization called Hindustani Awaaz, devoted to the popularization of Hindi-Urdu literature and culture.

== Career ==

Rakhshanda Jalil graduated from [[Miranda House|Miranda house]], Delhi University in 1986. She started her career as a lecturer in [[SGTB Khalsa College|Khalsa College]].<ref name="ignca1">{{cite web|author=CIL |url=http://ignca.nic.in/aqeedat_2007_009.htm |title=The Tradition of Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi in North India - Rakshanda Jalil |publisher=Ignca.nic.in |date=2007-03-23 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref>
After that she worked at [[Aligarh Muslim University]] as Lecturer(1987), Editorial Assistant at [[Tata McGraw-Hill]] Book Publishing Company<ref name="ignca1"/> (1987–89),
Sub-Editor in the Publications Division of the [[India International Centre]] (1989–90), Assistant Editor in the Publications Division of the India International Center (1990 - March 1995). She later joined [[Jamia Millia Islamia]]<ref name="ignca1"/> and worked there as Director of the Outreach Programme.
She Co-Edited a quarterly journal called Third Frame: Literature, Culture and Society, published and distributed by Cambridge University Press from 2007-2009. She was Senior Associate Fellow at the Council of Social Development, New Delhi and Associate Editor of Social Change, the journal brought out by CSD (Jan 2011-Jan 2012).

== Contribution to Urdu Literature ==

She has edited three collections of short stories: ''Urdu Stories''<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=8187075910 |title=Urdu Stories (Great Writers): Rakhshanda Jalil, etc., et al, Asif Aslam Farrukhi: 9788187075912: Amazon.com: Books |publisher=Amazon.com |date=2002-01-01 }}</ref> (Srishti, 2002), a selection by Pakistani women writers called ''Neither Night Nor Day''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=1763 |title=HarperCollins Publishers India Ltd |publisher=Harpercollins.co.in |date= |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Harper Collins, 2007) and New Urdu Writings: ''From India & Pakistan'' <ref>{{cite web|last=Events |first=Delhi |url=http://www.delhievents.com/2014/02/writings-from-india-and-pakistan-by.html |title=Writings: From India and Pakistan by Rakhshanda Jalil - Book Discussion at Conference Room - 1, Main Building, India International Centre (IIC), Lodhi Estate > 6:30pm on 10th February 2014 |publisher=Delhi Events |date=2014-02-10 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Westland, 2013); a collection of essays on the little known monuments of Delhi, called Invisible City (Niyogi, 2008, revised third edition 2011); two co-authored books, ''Partners in Freedom: Jamia Millia Islamia''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/jamia-as-a-partner-in-freedom/article3048965.ece |title=Jamia as a partner in freedom |publisher=The Hindu |date=2006-11-17 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Niyogi, 2006) and ''Journey to a Holy Land: A Pilgrim’s Diary'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/a-journey-of-faith/article662018.ece |title=A journey of faith |publisher=The Hindu |date=2009-11-15 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/journey-to-the-holy-land-9780198063469;jsessionid=EEEF50584921FC4AB9C1A8947E8D190B?cc=in&lang=en& |title=Journey to the Holy Land - Amir Ahmad Alawi; Mushirul Hasan; Rakhshanda Jalil - Oxford University Press |publisher=Global.oup.com |date=2009-11-30 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (OUP, 2009). She was co-editor of ''Third Frame'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cambridgeindia.org/news30.asp |title=Cambridge University Press India |publisher=Cambridgeindia.org |date=2008-04-24 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> a journal devoted to literature, culture and society brought out by the Cambridge University Press. She has edited and introduced a volume of essays entitled ''Qurratulain Hyder and the River of Fire: The Meaning, Scope and Significance of her Legacy''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/154349093?versionId=168265219 |title=Qurratulain Hyder and the river of fire : the meaning, scope and significance of her legacy / edited by Rakhshanda Jalil. - Version details - Trove |publisher=Trove.nla.gov.au |date= |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Aakar, 2010; and Oxford University Press, Karachi, 2010). 
She has published eight works of translations: Premchand’s short stories entitled ''The Temple and the Mosque''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebookreviewindia.org/articles/archives-855/2012/april/4/inequality-injustice-and-impunity-premchands-worlds.html |title=Inequality, Injustice and Impunity: Premchand's Worlds |publisher=Thebookreviewindia.org |date=2012-04-04 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Harper Collins, 1992; revised and enlarged 2011); a collection of satirical writing in Hindi by Asghar Wajahat entitled Lies: Half Told<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abebooks.com/Lies-Half-Told-Asghar-Wajahat-Rakhshanda/10071036655/bd |title=Lies by Asghar Wajahat Rakhshanda Jalil: Srishti Publishers & Distributors 9788187075929 - Alden Books |publisher=Abebooks.com |date=2013-03-26 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Srishti, 2002); 32 satirical cameos by Saadat Hasan Manto entitled Black Borders<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=8129102420 |title=Black Borders Collectin of 32 Cameos. pa.: Saadat Hasan., Rakhshanda Jalil Manto: 9788129102423: Amazon.com: Books |publisher=Amazon.com |date=2003-02-02 }}</ref> (Rupa & Co., 2003); Through the Closed Doorway,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Buy Through the Closed Doorway Book Online at Low Prices in India | Through the Closed Doorway Reviews & Ratings |publisher=Amazon.in |date=2004-01-01 |isbn=812910458X }}</ref> nazms by Urdu poet Shahryar (Rupa & Co. 2004); short stories by Intizar Husain entitled Circle and Other Stories<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/dec122004/br4.asp |title=A book that you will read till the last page - Deccan Herald |publisher=Archive.deccanherald.com |date=2004-12-12 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Rupa & Co. 2004; Sang-e-Meel, Lahore, 2012); a collection of Premchand’s short stories for children called A Winter’s Tale and Other Stories (Puffin, 2007); Naked Voices and other Stories<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7700096-naked-voices |title=Naked Voices: Stories And Sketches by Saadat Hasan Manto — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists |publisher=Goodreads.com |date= |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> – a collection of stories and sketches by Saadat Hasan Manto translated by her from Urdu (Roli, 2008); and Panchlight and Other Stories by Hindi writer Phanishwarnath Renu (Orient Blackswan, 2010).

The biography of Urdu feminist writer Dr Rashid Jahan by Rakhshanda Jalil has been published by Women Unlimited under the title ''A Rebel and her Cause'' (2014).<ref>{{cite web | title = A Rebel And Her Cause: Life and Work of Rashid Jahan released by Rakhshanda Jalil | url = http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/a-rebel-and-her-cause-life-and-work-of-rashid-jahan-released-by-rakhshanda-jalil-1399458730-1 |date=26 April 2014| accessdate = 2014-08-18 }}</ref> With over 15 books behind her and over 50 academic papers at seminars and conferences, at present she contributes regularly to national and international newspapers and magazines, writes book reviews, opinion pieces and travelogues, and appears on television to talk about issues of culture, literature and society. She also contributes regularly to ''Himal'' (Kathmandu), ''The Herald'' (Karachi) and ''The Friday Times'' (Lahore), apart from ''The Hindu'', ''Biblio'', ''The Literary Review'', etc. in India.

Her debut collection of fiction, ''Release & Other Stories'', was published by Harper Collins in 2011, and received critical acclaim. At present, she is engaged in a study of Indian secularism.

== Bibliography ==

* Invisible City: The Hidden Monument of Delhi
* Lies: Half Told; translated by Rakshanda Jalil; 2002, Srishti Publishers. ISBN 81-87075-92-9.
* A Winter's Night And Other Stories
* Release & Other Stories
* A Rebel and Her Cause: The Life and Work of Rashid Jahan published by Women Unlimited
* Qurratulain Hyder and the River of Fire: The Meaning, Scope and Significance of Her Legacy
* Naked Voices: Stories And Sketches
* Through The Closed Doorway: A Collection Of Nazms
* New Urdu Writings: From India and Pakistan

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalil, R}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian literary historians]]
[[Category:University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]
[[Category:Literary scholars]]
[[Category:University of Delhi faculty]]
[[Category:Book editors]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia faculty]]
[[Category:English-language writers from India]]
[[Category:Indian translators]]
[[Category:Urdu writers from India]]
[[Category:20th-century translators]]
[[Category:Urdu–English translators]]
[[Category:Hindi–English translators]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University faculty]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian women historians]]
[[Category:Indian women editors]]
[[Category:Women writers from Delhi]]

Kaleem Ullah Khan

2016-12-01T20:29:50Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Infobox person
| name = Kaleem Ullah Khan
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Malihabad]], [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername = Mango man
| occupation = Horticulturist
| yearsactive =
| known for = Mango grafting
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website = {{Url|http://hajikaleemullahkhan.in/|Website}}
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}
'''Haji Kaleem Ullah Khan''', popularly known as '''Mango man''', is an Indian horticulturist and fruit breeder, known for his accomplishments in breeding mangoes and other fruits.<ref name="A 'cipher' drove Haji to mangoes">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/A-cipher-drove-Haji-to-mangoes/articleshow/3045017.cms | title=A 'cipher' drove Haji to mangoes | publisher=Times of India | date=16 May 2008 | accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref> He is known to have grown over 300 different varieties of mangoes on a single tree, using grafting techniques.<ref name="A 'cipher' drove Haji to mangoes" /> Born in [[Malihabad]], near [[Lucknow]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], Khan dropped out of school at 7th standard and took to the family business of farming.<ref name="'Aishwarya', a sweeter variety, to adorn your basket">{{cite web | url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/aishwarya-a-sweeter-variety-to-adorn-your-basket-617947 | title='Aishwarya', a sweeter variety, to adorn your basket | publisher=ND TV | date=5 January 2011 | accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref> Using the asexual propagation technique of [[grafting]], he has developed several new varieties of mangoes, some of which has been named after celebrities such as [[Akhilesh Yadav]], [[Sachin Tendulkar]], [[Sonia Gandhi]] and [[Aishwarya Rai]].<ref name="UP’s new offering this summer: ‘Akhilesh aam’">{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/latest-news/ups-new-offering-this-summer-akhilesh-aam/ | title=UP’s new offering this summer: ‘Akhilesh aam’ | publisher=Indian Express | date=30 April 2012 | accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref> ''Anarkali'', a variety of mango developed by him is reported to have two different skins and two different layers of pulp, each having a different taste.<ref name="'Aishwarya', a sweeter variety, to adorn your basket" /> The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]], in 2008, for his contributions to horticulture.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | accessdate=January 3, 2016}}</ref>

{{portal|India|Agriculture}}
== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIpGNCfTOUc | title=Mango farmer gets Padma Shri | publisher=ND TV | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=29 January 2008 | accessdate=February 2, 2016}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC1m0k1mA9A | title=Mango Malihabadi TVC 1 | publisher=Aanchal Kanal | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=13 July 2011 | accessdate=February 2, 2016}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Kaleem Ullah}}
{{India-bio-stub}}

[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Malihabad]]

[[Category:People from Lucknow district]]
[[Category:Indian horticulturists]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian planters]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Sibte Hasan Zaidi

2016-12-01T20:26:05Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
'''Sibte Hasan Zaidi''' (15 April 1918 – 5 April 2008) was an Indian [[pathology|pathologist]] and [[toxicology|toxicologist]]. After his training in pathology at the Hammersmith Hospital in London, United Kingdom, he returned to India to continue experimental toxicology research initially at the Central Drug Research Institute, and then as Founding Director at Industrial Toxicology Research Center (ITRC) in Lucknow (1965-1978) (now renamed as Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, IITR).<ref>[[Indian Institute of Toxicology Research]]</ref> During his later years, he served on national and international (mainly World Health Organization) committees to increase awareness and set policy to prevent the harmful effects of industrial toxins in people.

== Early life and career ==

Sibte Hasan Zaidi was born in [[Barabanki city|Barabanki]], India and grew up in the village town of Jarwal with his maternal uncle because of the early death of his mother, Zakia Begum. Thereafter, he studied at Barabanki High School and lived initially with his father, Syed Hasan Zaidi, a barrister-at-law from the [[Inner Temple]], London, who practised civil law. Upon the death of his father in 1931, Sibte Zaidi moved in with his uncle, Sardar Husain, also a barrister from Lincoln's Inn in London. Educated thereafter in Christian College and [[Lucknow University]], Sibte Zaidi entered King George’s Medical College (KGMC, now [[King George's Medical University]], Lucknow, in 1940, and graduated with a medical degree (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) in 1945. In 1948, he married Qamar Ara Shanshah Husain granddaughter of the Rajah of Bhatwamau, who was a clinical child psychologist (and founded the School for Mentally Disabled Children, Chetna, in Lucknow, India). After his clinical training and a brief academic appointment in Pathology at KGMC, Sibte Zaidi left for the United Kingdom to work under the tutelage of Professor Earl J. King, the discoverer of the alkaline phosphatase unitage, the King-Armstrong Units, at the Postgraduate Medical School (later to be named the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, now [[Imperial College, London]]) and the [[Hammersmith Hospital]] in London. During his tenure at the Hammersmith, Zaidi also trained in Clinical Pathology and was awarded a PhD (1954) and a Diploma in Clinical Pathology (1952), both from the University of London.

== Research ==

Around ca 1950, King had developed an interest in the health of coal miners in the [[Sheffield]] area. Zaidi, as King’s PhD student, provided a description of the pathology and pathophysiology of coal miner’s lung. According to J.S. Faulds, Zaidi and coworkers "produced the nearest approach to massive fibrosis by injecting into sensitized animals dust plus tubercle bacilli",<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Faulds|first1=JS|title=Haematite pneumoconiosis in Cumberland miners|journal=Journal of Clinical Pathology|date=1957|volume=10|pages=192–193|pmid=13463104|doi=10.1136/jcp.10.3.187}}</ref> importantly, as [[tuberculosis]] was prevalent at the time.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zaidi|first1=SH|title=Experimental infective pneumoconiosis. IV. Massive pulmonary fibrosis produced by coal-mine dust and isoniazid-resistant tubercle bacilli of low virulence.|journal=British Journal of Experimental Pathology|date=1955|volume=36|pages=553–559|pmid=13276571|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

In 1955, Zaidi travelled back to India to be named Head the Division of Experimental Medicine and then Deputy Director at Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, where his research focused on mechanisms that underlie [[peptic ulcer]], atherosclerosis, vasospasm, and eosinophilia. Through a complement of pharmacologic and animal studies, Zaidi and his colleagues demonstrated the requirement of a mucus barrier in the prevention of peptic ulcer disease.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zaidi|first1=SH|title=Experimental peptic ulceration.I. The significance of mucous barrier|journal=Indian Journal of Medical Research|date=1957|volume=46|pages=27–37|pmid=13501871|display-authors=etal}}</ref> For this, as noted on the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research website, he received the Sir Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Award for the scientific excellence (1963).<ref>{{cite journal|title=Prof. S.H. Zaidi Former Director, Passes Away|journal=Toxicology Research Bulletin|date=May 2008|volume=28, 1|page=2|url=http://www.iitrindia.org/pdf/iitr_toxresbulletin28%281%29.pdf|accessdate=23 June 2015|publisher=CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research|location=Lucknow, India|language=English|format=PDF}}</ref> He also made contributions to understanding the process of atherosclerosis, where he not only examined the mechanisms of hypercoaguabilty and thrombosis, but also developed rodent models of atherosclerotic heart disease and experimental myocardial infarction.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nityanand|first1=S|last2=Zaidi|first2=SH|title=Experimental pulmonary embolism and arteriosclerosis. Effect of vasospasm 67: 529-538|journal=American Heart Journal|date=1963|volume=67|pages=529–537|pmid=14138816|doi=10.1016/0002-8703(64)90101-2}}</ref>

Between 1964 and 1965, Dr. Zaidi served as the third Director of the newly founded Indian Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine in Calcutta (renamed Indian Institute of Chemical Biology),<ref>{{cite web|last1=CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology|first1=Annual Report 2013-2014|title=Former Directors|url=http://www.iicb.res.in/ar_iicb1314.pdf}}</ref> where he established the institute's research infrastructure, and initiated research on industrial toxins to dissect and clarify, at a more fundamental level, the mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis following exposure to a wide range of toxins, including asbestos, silica, mica, wood dust, and bagasse.

== Industrial Toxicology Research Center (ITRC) ==

This work provided the stimulus for the emergence of a new discipline of Industrial Toxicology in India, where toxic exposure had remained an unrecognised health hazard. Dr. Zaidi became the Founding Director of the first institute in South East Asia – Industrial Toxicology Research Center (ITRC) in Lucknow (now renamed as Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, IITR).<ref>[[Indian Institute of Toxicology Research]]</ref> It moved from its temporary CDRI quarters to the current building, as of 2015. The premises were visited by the then [[President of India]], [[V. V. Giri]], and the new buildings dedicated on 27 July 1976 by President [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], per a "News Item" published in Clinical Toxicology, which also comments on the role of Dr. Zaidi in nurturing many areas of industrial toxicology.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Clinical Toxicology|first1=News Item|title=Dedication of the New Buildings of Industrial Toxicology Research Center by Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, President of India on July 27, 1976|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563657708992440?journalCode=ictx18}}</ref> Beginning as a modest sized set of laboratories with few interested scientists, ITRC witnessed growth during the late 1960s and 1970s. There were only few other centres of excellence that were involved in research in Industrial Toxicology worldwide, including those headed by Professor Schilipkoter in [[Düsseldorf]], Germany, and Dr. Erwing Selikoff at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. During his tenure at ITRC, Zaidi continued to work on cellular mechanisms through which asbestos, silica and other dusts as well as other industrial toxins affected human health (for example <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rahman|first1=Q|last2=Vishwanathan|first2=PN|last3=Zaidi|first3=SH|title=Some new perspectives on the biological effects of asbestos|journal=Environmental Research|date=1977|volume=14|pages=487–498|pmid=145364|doi=10.1016/0013-9351(77)90056-1}}</ref>). His research was funded continuously by the Public Health Service of the United States through their PL480 scheme.

== Publications ==

Dr. Zaidi's monograph "Experimental Pneumoconiosis" was published by Johns Hopkins Press in 1969.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zaidi|first1=Sibte|title=Experimental Pneumoconiosis|date=1969|publisher=The Johns Hopkins Press|location=Baltimore|page=326|edition=First}}</ref> In addition, over 140 publications resulted from this work.

== Recognition ==

Dr Zaidi was awarded the William P. Yant Award for lifetime achievements and contributions to industrial toxicology by the American Industrial Hygiene Association in 1977.<ref>{{cite web|last1=American Industrial Hygiene Association|title=The Yant Award|url=https://www.aiha.org/get-involved/outreach/Pages/Yant-Award.aspx}}</ref><ref>http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0002889778507611?journalCode=aiha20</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zaidi|first1=SH|title=Yant Memorial Lecture...1977. Some aspects of experimental infective pneumoconiosis|journal=Journal of the American Industrial Hygiene Association|date=1977|volume=38|pages=239–245|pmid=406771|doi=10.1080/0002889778507611}}</ref> He also served on the Editorial Board of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (1977-1993). The Venezuelan Society also gave him the highest honour for his contributions to industrial medicine (1978). For his work in India, he was awarded the Sir Ardeshirlal Dalal Gold Medal for his contributions to occupational health (1975), and a national honour the Padam Shree (1977) by the Government of India.<ref>{{cite web|last1=India Government Archives|title=Archives, India.Gov.In|url=http://archive.india.gov.in/myindia/padmashri_awards_list1.php?start=1540}}</ref> Dr. Zaidi was inducted as the Founding Member of the [[Royal College of Pathologists]], and thereafter was conferred a Fellowship. On the national front, he as inducted as a Fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of India (1976), the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] (1972) and the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1974).<ref>{{cite web | last1=Indian National Science Academy | url=http://insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N74-089 | title=Deceased Fellows}}</ref> These honors are listed in his official obituary published by the Indian Institute of Toxicology Research.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Toxicology Research Bulletin|first1=Indian Institute of Toxicology Research|title=Dr. S.H. Zaidi, Former Director, Passes Away|url=http://www.iitrindia.org/pdf/iitr_toxresbulletin28(1).pdf}}</ref> In recognition of his contributions to ITRC, an endowed annual lectureship, Professor SH Zaidi Memorial Oration, was established in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sibte Zaidi Oration|title=Indian institute of Toxicology Research|url=http://www.iitrindia.org/annual_events.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=The Times of India|title=The Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR) is celebrating its 46th foundation day tomorrow|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/IITR/speednewsbytopic/keyid-99759.cms}}</ref> The 12th oration was given by his son, Professor Mone Zaidi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Professor SH Zaidi Oration|title=Previous Orators|url=http://www.iitrindia.org/archive_sibte_hasan_zaidi_oration.htm}}</ref>

== Policy ==

During his tenure as Director of ITRC, Dr. Zaidi served on multiple national, governmental and international committees, and was an Indian delegate to various parts of the world including Germany, France, United Kingdom, United States, Egypt, and USSR, with a brief to promote industrial toxicology and initiate research collaborations. In 1975, he hosted "The International Symposium on Industrial Toxicology" in Lucknow,<ref>{{cite web|last1=OCLC WorldCat|title=Environmental pollution and human health : proceedings of the (first) International Symposium on Industrial Toxicology, Lucknow, November 4-7, 1975|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/environmental-pollution-and-human-health-proceedings-of-the-first-international-symposium-on-industrial-toxicology-lucknow-november-4-7-1975/oclc/636880625?referer=di&ht=edition}}</ref> which showcased the then cutting-edge science in the field of industrial medicine. He was thereafter inducted as President of the Asian Society of Environmental Industrial Toxicology (1975). He was also Professor at the Azad University in Kanpur, and Visiting Professor to the University of Düsseldorf on two occasions, where he participated in further studies on the action of toxic metals.

Dr. Zaidi served on multiple international and national policy committees, including those of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), World Health Organization (WHO),<ref>{{cite web|last1=Word Health Organization|first1=Regional Office for South East Asia|title=Chemical Safety in South East Asia Region|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/searo/1985-93/SEA_EH_333.pdf|publisher=WHO}}</ref> and the International Labor Organization (ILO).<ref>{{cite book|last1=International Labor Office, Geneva|title=Occupational exposure to airborne substances harmful to health|date=1980|isbn=92-2-102442-3|page=28|url=http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_107851.pdf}}</ref> His work on the World Health Organization's Expert Committees became the basis of two key technical reports (Technical Report Series).<ref>{{cite book|last1=WHO Technical Report.|first1=Report of a WHO Study Group|title=Early detection of health impairment in occupational exposure to health hazards|date=1975|edition=571}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=WHO Technical Report Series|first1=Report of a WHO Scientific Group|title=Chemical and biochemical methodology for assessment of hazards of pesticides for man|date=1975|page=26|edition=560}}</ref> He was also Advisor to the Occupational Health Committee of the WHO, Member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the UN International Registry on Potentially Toxic Chemicals in Geneva (1977-1979), Senior Consultant to the United Nations Environmental Program (1982), and WHO Consultant in Bangladesh<ref>{{cite web|last1=World health Organization|first1=WHO Project BAN OCH 001|title=Industrial Health in Bangladesh}}</ref> and Burma.<ref>{{cite web|last1=WHO Assignment Report|title=Occupational Toxicology, Burma|url=http://repository.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/13309|publisher=World health Organization}}</ref> He also established international courses on preventive toxicology under the United Nations in Switzerland, USSR, Czechoslavakia and Germany. To promote the cause of industrial medicine, he founded two further institutes for outreach research in Rangoon (1982-1984) and Sri Lanka (1979), under the aegis of the United Nations.

In India, he served as Honorary Advisor to the Ministry of Railways, a position that he retained between 1978 and 1989. His Editorial "Bhopal and After," <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zaidi|first1=SH|title=Bhopal and After|journal=American Journal of Industrial Medicine|volume=9|pages=215–216|pmid=3963002|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%3Cref%3EZaidi+SH+(1986).+Bhopal+and+After+American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine.+9%3A+215-216.%3C%2Fref|doi=10.1002/ajim.4700090302}}</ref> published in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine, and later quoted in several articles,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fielder|first1=MP|title=Methodological Issues in|date=2002|publisher=Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.|isbn=978-1-4613-5163-4|page=185|display-authors=etal}}</ref> highlighted gaps in policy that could lead to spillage of chemicals of such magnitude, even in the 1980s. He subsequently chaired the Environmental Research Committee of the Ministry of Environment of the Government of India between 1990 and 1993.

== Later life ==

During the late 1990s and thereafter, Dr. Zaidi lived intermittently in India, the United Kingdom and the United States with his son, Mone Zaidi, who is currently physician and Professor of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. Dr. Zaidi died peacefully at his home in [[Riverdale, New York]], on 5 April 2008 (obituary in <ref>{{cite web|last1=Biospectrum|first1=The business of Bioscience|title=Dr Zaidi passes away|url=http://www.biospectrumindia.com/biospecindia/news/157405/biopeople}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Toxicology Research Bullettin|first1=Industrial Toxicology Research Center|title=Prof. S.H. Zaidi, Former Director Passes Away}}</ref>). He is survived by his son, his daughter-in-law, Meenakshi Zaidi, a physician at the Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center in New York and Assistant Professor at Columbia University, and his two grandchildren, Neeha Zaidi, MD, currently a clinical fellow in Hematology/Oncology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and Samir Zaidi, MD, PhD, currently resident physician in Internal Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Awards}}

[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian pathologists]]
[[Category:Toxicologists]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Barabanki district]]
[[Category:Scientists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Imperial College London]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of The National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]

Zeyaur Khan

2016-12-01T20:13:10Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=February 2013}}
{{BLP primary sources|date=March 2012}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2012}}
}}

Professor '''Zeyaur R. Khan''' is a Principal Scientist at [[International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology]] (icipe).<ref>[http://www.icipe.org ]</ref> He has dedicated his 30-year career as an international agricultural scientist to advancing the science and practice of agriculture by studying and applying chemical ecology, behavior, plant-plant and insect-plant interactions to improve farm productivity to combat poverty and food insecurity in Africa. He is responsible for the discovery and wide scale implementation of a pro-poor scientific innovation for enhancing food security and environmental sustainability in Africa]. This was achieved through the biologically-based IPM technology called "Push-Pull",<ref>[http://www.push-pull.net]</ref> developed for small-holder cereal-livestock African farmers. Prof. Khan’s work is an example demonstrating that creativity and innovation in science can provide practical solutions for the real problems of thousands of small-holder poor farmers and promote their food security and sustainable livelihoods.

== Career ==
* M.S. (1977) Entomology, [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute|Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India]]
* Ph.D.(1980) Entomology, [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]], New Delhi, India, Research on insect-plant interactions in cotton
* Post-Doctoral Fellow (1983-1985). [[International Rice Research Institute]], Philippines, Research on chemical ecology of rice leafhoppers and planthoppers
* Research Associate (1985-1986) [[University of Wisconsin]], Madison, WI, USA, Research on mechanism of resistance in soybean to lepidopteran insects

== Appointments ==
* 1993–present. Principal Scientist and Leader of Habitat Management Program, [[International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology]] (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
* 2009–present. [[Cornell University|Visiting Professor, Entomology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY]]
* 1991-1993. [[Kansas State University|Visiting Scientist, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS]]
* 1986-1991. [[International Rice Research Institute|Entomologist, International Rice Research Institute, Philippines]]
* 1985-1986. [[University of Wisconsin|Research Associate (1985-1986) University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI]]
* 1983-1985. [[International Rice Research Institute|Post-Doctoral Fellow, International Rice Research Institute, Philippines]]
* 1980-1983. [[Rajendra Agricultural University|Assistant Professor of Entomology, Rajendra Agricultural University, India]]

== Recent Awards and Recognitions ==
* 2010, [[Entomological Society of America|Fellow, Entomological Society of America]]
* 2010, [[Royal Entomological Society|Fellow, Royal Entomological Society, London, UK]]
* 2010, [http://www.push-pull.net/nanyao.shtml Nan-Yao Su Award for Innovation and Creativity in Entomology]
* 2010, [http://entsoc.org/PDF/P-IE/Archives/ESA_2010_P-IE_Special_Recog_Final_BIZmtg.pdf Distinguished Scientist, International Branch of Entomological Society of America]
* 2010, Elected on the Council of International Congress of Entomology
* 2009, International Integrated Pest Management Excellence Award
* 2009, [http://Cornell%20University Visiting Professor, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York]
* 2008, Plenary speaker, International Congress of Entomology, July 2008

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Zeyaur}}
[[Category:Indian agronomists]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Living people]]

S. M. Razaullah Ansari

2016-12-01T20:08:07Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Razaullah Ansari
| image = SMR Ansari.jpg
| imagesize = 140px
| caption = S. M. Razaullah Ansari
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1932|04|8}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]]
| residence = [[Aligarh]]
| Mother =
| Father =
| Grand father =
| wife = [[First wife: Dr. Annemarie Ansari, second wife: Dr. Shaukat Nehal Ansari]]
| Children = Son:Zia Nishat alias Nisha, daughters: Meh Jabin, Shamim alias Shimmi, and Nusrat alias Nushi.
| grandchildren = [[Kevin Behrens]]
| awards =
| occupation = [[Teaching, and research]]
| known_for = [[scholar]]
}}

'''Shaikh Mohammad Razaullah Ansari''' is a historian of science, physicist, astronomer and author from [[India]].

==Biography==
Shaikh Mohammad Razaullah Ansari (born 8 April 1932 in [[Delhi]])) was born to a family of scholars. He got his B.Sc.(Honours) and M.Sc. in Physics from [[Delhi University]] in 1953 and 1955 respectively. In 1956 he joined as a lecturer in Physics in [[Zakir Husain College|Delhi College]], Delhi (now renamed as [[Zakir Hussain College]]). He secured a research fellowship of [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation]] (Bonn, Germany) in 1959.

He worked there first at the Institute of Theoretical Physics and later shifted to [[Eberhard Karl University]] at [[Tuebingen]] (Germany), where he completed his D.Sc. ([[Dr. rer. nat.]]) in 1966 in [[Mathematical Physics]]. During his sojourn in Germany, he specialized also in the history of exact science in India and Islamic countries. He researched during 1966-1969 as a research scholar/associate of German Council of Research in various capacities.

In 1969, he was invited by the [[Aligarh Muslim University]] to join the Physics Department as a Reader in theoretical physics. There he established a research group of astrophysics. His astrophysical work in Solar physics and Interstellar Matter was recognized both nationally and internationally by his election as a Fellow of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]] (UK) in 1972 and as a Member of [[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) in 1973. Besides joining IAU Commissions of his specialty, Ansari joined also IAU Commission 41(History of Astronomy)in which he became so active that he was elected as its Vice-president for 1991–1994, and President for 1994-1997. Ansari was the first Indian/Asian President of Commission 41 since its inception.

In 1997 he organized a symposium on History of Oriental Astronomy at the General Assembly of IAU, held in Kyoto, the proceedings of which was edited by him and published. Thereafter, Ansari shifted his research field to history of astronomy and mathematics, particularly of Medieval India, which, after his retirement in 1994 from Aligarh Muslim University, has become his passion for researching primary sources of history of science.

==Works and achievements==
His works are extant in the field of [[Planet]], [[Venus]], [[Transit of Venus]], [[Sun]], [[Astronomy in medieval Islam]] and [[Indian astronomy]] where he is well cited<ref>Astronomical Archives in India http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/iaucomm41/meetings/ga2000/as_ansari.html</ref>

He was awarded Humboldt Fellowship, [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation]] to work in [[Germany]]

==Books==
He contributed many chapters on history of science in many books, but here are some of his books based on [[Zij]], [[Avempace]], [[Qotb al-Din Shirazi]] that he edited:
# ''History of oriental astronomy: proceedings of the joint discussion-17 at the 23rd General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, organised by the Commission 41 (History of Astronomy), held in Kyoto, August 25–26, 1997'', Springer, ISBN 1-4020-0657-8
# ''History of oriental astronomy'', Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 1-4020-0657-8, Netherlands
# ''Quasi-binomial Representations of Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients'', Fortschritte der Physik 1967; Volume 14, Issue 12, pages 729-751<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prop.19670151203/abstract</ref>
# ''History of Science in Medieval India'', Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli - Jayyad Press, India<ref>http://www.pharosmedia.com/india-books-bookstore/Idarah_i_Adabiyat_i_Delli_Jayyad_Press_books_india.htm</ref>
# ''Science and technology in the Islamic world with a proceedings, 2002'' by Brepols in Turnhout, Belgium<ref>https://openlibrary.org/books/OL3356637M/Science_and_technology_in_the_Islamic_world</ref>

==Association with learned bodies==
# Fellow, [[Royal Astronomical Society]] (London), 1972
# Founder Secretary-general, [[Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences]]
# Founder Editor (1985–2000), ‘Studies in History of Medicine and Science’ (ISSN 0970-5562), [[Jamia Hamdard]], New Delhi
# Founder Editor, 'Newsletter of Ibn Sina Academy' (NISA), Aligarh (ISSN 0972-6411)
# Member secretary, Indian Committee of International Union for History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS)
# President, International Union for History and Philosophy (IUHPS) Commission for Science and Technology in Islamic Civilization, 1993–97
# President, [[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) Commission for History of Astronomy, 1994–97
# President, IUHPS-IAU Joint Inter-Union Commission for History of Astronomy, 1997–2001
# President, IUHPS Commission for History of Ancient and Medieval Astronomy, 2001–2005; re-elected from 2005–2009
# Elected Assessor, IUHPS Council for 1989-93; re-elected for 1994-97
# First Vice-President, Council of the International Union for History and Philosophy of Science
# Board Members Affiliates, The Islamic Scientific Manuscripts Initiative (ISMI)<ref>http://ismi.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/islamicMS/database/partners.html</ref>
# Executive Member, Indian National Commission for History of Science
# President, International Commission for Astronomy
# Elected President, Commission for History of Ancient and Medieval Astronomy (CHAMA)
# Member, International Congress of History of Science
# Member, Indian National Commission for History of Science
# Member, [[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU), 1973 <ref>http://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/2552/</ref>
# Member, International Academy of the History of Science, 1986<ref>http://www.aihs-iahs.org/en/node/411</ref>
# Member, Indian National Science Academy<ref>http://www.insaindia.org/comijhs3.htm</ref>
# Member, Commission of Islamic Sciences<ref>http://www.islamsci.org/membership/member-listA-E.htm</ref>
# Member, Indian Delegation to the 500th Anniversary Celebration of Nicolaus Copernicus, Torun, Poland, 1973

== See also ==
*[[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], scholar of history of medicine

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ansari, S. M. Razaullah}}
[[Category:People from Aligarh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:History of science and technology in India]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University faculty]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Scientists from Delhi]]
[[Category:University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alexander von Humboldt Fellows]]
[[Category:Philosophers of science]]
[[Category:Indian theoretical physicists]]

Rahimuddin Khan

2016-12-01T18:14:07Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Infobox Officeholder
|name = Rahimuddin Khan {{Nastaliq|رحیم الدین خان}}
|image = Rahimuddin.jpg
|imagesize = 200px
|order1 =[[Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan#List of Governors of Balochistan|7th]] [[Governor of Balochistan]]
|term_start1 = 18 September 1978
|term_end1 =22 March 1984
|predecessor1 =Khuda Buksh Marri
|successor1 =Sardar F. S. Khan Lodi
|order2 =[[Governor of Sindh#List of Governors of Sindh|16th]] [[Governor of Sindh]]
|term_start2 = 24 June 1988
|term_end2 = 11 September 1988
|predecessor2 = [[Ashraf W. Tabani]]
|successor2 = [[Qadeeruddin Ahmed]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1926|7|21|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Qaimganj]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]] (now [[India]])<ref>[http://www.modernghana.com/blogs/268394/31/hindus-contribution-towards-making-of-pakistan.html Hindus Contribution Towards Making Of Pakistan] 22 May 2010 Retrieved 28 January 2011</ref>
|alma_mater = [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] [[Command and General Staff College]]
|religion = [[Islam]]
|allegiance= {{flagicon|PAK}} Pakistan
|branch= {{Army|Pakistan}}
|serviceyears= 1950 – 1988
|rank= [[File:OF-9 Pakistan Army.svg|32px]] [[General]]
|current position=
|commands= [[Structure of the Pakistan Army#Independent brigades|111 Brigade, Rawalpindi]] [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps, Multan]] [[Ras Koh Hills|Ras Koh nuclear test sites]] 8th Army Infantry Division [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
|unit = [[Baloch Regiment]]
|battles=[[Lahore riots of 1953]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]] [[Balochistan conflict]] [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]]
|awards =[[File:Star of Good Conduct Sitara-e-Basalat.png|30px]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat]] [[File:Crescent of Excellence Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|30px]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-i-Imtiaz (military)]] [[File:Order of Excellence Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|20px]] [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|Nishan-e-Imtiaz (military)]]}}

'''Rahimuddin Khan''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|رحیم الدین خان}}}}; born 21 July 1926) is a retired [[four-star general]] of the [[Pakistan Army]] who served as [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman]] of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan|Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] from 1984 to 1987, after serving as the [[Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan#List of Governors of Balochistan|7th]] [[Governor of Balochistan|Governor]] of [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] from 1978 to 1984. He also served as the [[Governor of Sindh#List of Governors of Sindh|16th]] [[Governor of Sindh|Governor]] of [[Sindh]] in 1988.

As Balochistan's longest-serving governor, Rahimuddin ended the [[1970s operation in Balochistan|1973 operation in Balochistan]], declaring a [[general amnesty]] and [[military withdrawal]] in 1978.<ref name=amnesty>{{cite news|title=Historical sequence in Balochistan|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/771719/historical-sequence|accessdate=28 August 2015|work=DAWN|agency=Inpaper|date=16 December 2012}}</ref> His tenure saw widespread [[economic development]] and the halting of the [[Baloch insurgency]],<ref name="BOP">{{Cite book
| authorlink = [[Foreign Policy Centre]]
| year = 2006
| title = Balochis of Pakistan: On the Margins of History
| publisher = [[Foreign Policy Centre]]
| location = United Kingdom
| isbn = 978-1-905833-08-5
| page = 75
}}</ref><ref>"Tribal Politics in Balochistan 1947-1990" Conclusion (1990) p.6</ref> but was controversial for suppressing the [[Afghan mujahideen]] entering the province during the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]].

==Military service==
Rahimuddin Khan was born in [[Qaimganj]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[India]], in the majority [[Afridi]] [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] community that migrated from [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]. He was the nephew of educationist [[Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]], later the [[President of India]], and the son-in-law of educationist [[Mahmud Hussain]]. He attended [[Jamia Millia Islamia University]] in [[Delhi]], founded by Zakir Hussain. He opted for Pakistan during [[Pakistan Movement|independence]] in 1947, enrolled as Gentleman Cadet-1 of the [[Pakistan Military Academy]].<ref name="USCS">{{cite web
|url= http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2521/stories/20081024252109100.htm
|title= Brothers in arms
|accessdate= 2009-05-27
|author= Bavadam, Lyla Bavadam
|year= 2008
|quote=The cadets who left for Pakistan formed the First Course of the PMA. Gentleman Cadet No. 391 at the IMA, who became Cadet No. 1 at the PMA, and also honer of P.A(Pakistan Army) No 1, Rahim Uddin Khan, rose to the rank of General and became Joint Chief of Staff in Pakistan and, later, Governor of one of the provinces.
}}</ref> As captain, he helped enforce [[martial law]] in [[Lahore]] during the [[Lahore riots of 1953|1953 Lahore riots]].

He attended [[Command and General Staff College]] at [[Fort Leavenworth, Kansas]], and [[Command and Staff College]] in [[Quetta]]. He was hospitalized months before the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]] with a broken ankle. In 1969, he was appointed sub-martial law administrator to [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]. He was Chief Instructor at the Armed Forces War College at the then [[National Defence University, Islamabad|National Defence College]], [[Rawalpindi]] until 1975. According to Bhutto aide [[Maulana Kausar Niazi]], [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] wanted Rahimuddin to head the new [[Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission|Atomic Energy Commission]] and [[Project-706|nuclear programme]], but was declined.<ref>[[Maulana Kausar Niazi]] [http://bhutto.org/Acrobat/Last%20Dayf%20of%20Premier%20Bhutto.pdf ''The Last Days of Premier Bhutto'' p.60]</ref><ref>[[Maulana Kausar Niazi]] [http://bhutto.org/Acrobat/Last%20Dayf%20of%20Premier%20Bhutto.pdf ''The Last Days of Premier Bhutto'' p.61]</ref> As Lieutenant-General, he became [[II Corps (Pakistan)#List of commanders|Commander]] [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]] in [[Multan]] in 1976.<ref>Arif, ''Working with Zia'', (1995), p.311</ref> He was made [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] by General [[Zia-ul-Haq]] in 1984. He retired in 1987.

===Judge of Mujibur Rahman's trial===
In February 1971, [[Yahya Khan]] took Brigadier Rahimuddin off his [[Structure of the Pakistan Army#Independent brigades|111 Brigade]] charge in [[Rawalpindi]] to preside over the [[military tribunal]] of [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] in [[Faisalabad]]. According to Shuja Nawaz, Rahimuddin was reportedly uncomfortable conducting the trial.<ref>Shuja Nawaz (2007) "''Crossed Swords: Pakistan, its Army and the Wars Within''"</ref> He left mid-proceedings to command the brigade during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]], but was recalled again by Yahya to award a verdict. Major General [[Iftikhar Janjua]] instead charged [[Naseerullah Babar]] with 111 Brigade. Following appeals from several officials in the [[United States Senate]] and [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], Yahya put Rahimuddin's unconfirmed sentence in abeyance.<ref name="BB">Matinuddin, Kamal Matinuddin (1994) "''Tragedy of Errors: East Pakistan Crisis 1968-1971''"</ref> Yahya's successor Bhutto rescinded the verdict. The court proceedings were never made public.

==Governor of Balochistan==
A [[1970s operation in Balochistan|military operation]] against separatists was commenced in Balochistan by Prime Minister Bhutto in 1973, claiming thousands of lives.<ref name="BLC">{{cite web
|url= http://www.balochvoice.com/SBF/Speech_by_Balach_Marri_SBF_14-8-02.html
|title= A History of Oppression
|accessdate= 2002-08-14
|author= Marri, Balach Marri
|year= 2002
|quote= Mr Bhutto didn’t wait long and ordered the army to move in to the interior of Balochistan and then dismissed the Governments both in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan...thousands of people were killed in those army operations, which continued for 5 years. Thousands were rendered homeless...
}}</ref> Rahimuddin was appointed [[Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan|Governor of Balochistan]] on September 16, 1978. He declared an end to the operation, and announced a [[amnesty|general amnesty]] for fighters willing to give up arms. [[withdrawal (military)|Army withdrawal]] was completed by 1979. The Baloch [[Baloch nationalism|separatist movement]] came to a standstill.<ref>[[Foreign Policy Centre]], "On the Margins of History", (2008), p.36</ref><ref name="iaoj.wordpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://iaoj.wordpress.com/2009/06/17/balochistan-separate-ways/ |title=Newsline: A History of the Baloch Separatist Movement |publisher=Iaoj.wordpress.com |date=2009-06-17 |accessdate=2011-03-27}}</ref> Under Rahimuddin, [[Foreign Policy Centre]] held that "the province's tribal sardars were taken out of the pale of politics for the first time."<ref>Foreign Policy Centre "On the Margins of History" p. 30</ref> He was known for clean reputation during corrupt regimes.<ref name=PIA>{{cite web|url=http://www.balochunity.org/history/144/ |title=Balochistan's history- Baloch Unity Organization |publisher=Balochunity.org |accessdate=2011-03-27}}</ref>

===Development===
Rahimuddin opened the [[Sui gas field]] to provide gas directly to Quetta and other Baloch towns for the first time. Electricity expansion from Quetta to [[Loralai]] converted vast areas with sub-soil water into fertile ones.<ref name="Conclusion 1990 p.8">"Tribal Politics in Balochistan 1947-1990" Conclusion (1990) p.8</ref> He also
consolidated the then-contentious integration of [[Gwadar]] into Balochistan, notified as a district in 1977. Despite opposition from finance minister [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]], Rahimuddin heavily promoted large-scale manufacturing and investment in [[infrastructure]], leading to provincial [[GDP growth]] rising to the highest in [[History of Balochistan|Balochistan's history]].<ref>[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/293051-1241610364594/6097548-1257441952102/balochistaneconomicreportvol2.pdf World Bank - Balochistan Economic Report 2009]</ref> Addressing the [[Education in Pakistan#Literacy Since 1947|province's literacy rate]], the lowest in the country,<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C12%5Cstory_12-6-2007_pg7_14
|title= Balochistan home to lowest-literacy rate population in Pakistan
|accessdate= 2009-01-05
|author= Daily Times
|year= 2007
|quote= Balochistan is home to the largest number of school buildings that are falling apart. It also has the least number of educational institutions, the lowest literacy rate among both males and females.
}}</ref> he administered the freeing up of resources towards education, created girls' [[incentive programs]], and had several girls' schools built in [[Dera Bugti District]]. He also oversaw the construction of [[nuclear test site]]s in [[Chagai-I|Chaghai]] where [[Chagai-I|tests were conducted]] in 1998.

===Containment of Afghan refugees===
During the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]], the Zia regime began aiding the [[anti-communist]] [[Afghan mujahideen]]. Millions of Afghan refugees, believed to be the largest refugee population in the world,<ref>[http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engASA110161999 Amnesty International file on Afghanistan] URL Accessed March 22, 2006</ref> crossed over the border into Balochistan and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]].<ref>[http://storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A107&Pg=1 The Afghan War Settlement]</ref> Under Zia and General [[Fazle Haq]] in KP, [[heroin]] and weaponry freely entered with the mujahideen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=fazle_haq_1 |title=1982-1989: Fazle Haq Profile |publisher=Historycommons.org |date=1999-02-22 |accessdate=2011-03-27}}</ref><ref>Kepel, ''Jihad'', (2002), p.143-4</ref> In Balochistan however, Rahimuddin Khan detained the mujahideen in [[barbed wire]] military camps and seized their arms. Several fighters were allegedly transported back into Afghanistan by force, criticized by Pakistani human rights agencies. He also restricted refugees to civilian encampments during the war.<ref>{{cite web|author=bo shan |url=http://knol.google.com/k/bo-shan/barbed-wire/10mr2hla1itt4/2# |title=Bo Shan: "Human-proof fencing" |publisher=Knol.google.com |date=2008-07-29 |accessdate=2011-03-27}}</ref> Pakistan's Balochistan policy became highly unpopular in the eyes of Afghans, but drugs and weapons remained low in the province, becoming widespread in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.911truth.org/article.php?story=20090223165146219 |title=9/11 Truths: Clarification from Scott regarding Fazle Haq |publisher=911truth.org |accessdate=2011-03-27}}</ref>

===Al-Zulfikar hijacking===
In March 1981, the [[Al-Zulfikar]] [[terrorist organization]] led by [[Murtaza Bhutto]] hijacked a [[Pakistan International Airlines]] airplane from [[Karachi]] to [[Kabul]].<ref name="START">[http://www.start.umd.edu/start/data/tops/terrorist_organization_profile.asp?id=195 9/11 START| Terrorist Organization Profile: Al-Zulfikar] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606104509/http://www.start.umd.edu/start/data/tops/terrorist_organization_profile.asp?id=195 |date=June 6, 2010 }}</ref> The hijackers threatened to murder hostages if state authorities did not release specific [[political prisoner]]s. Upon the authorities' refusal, Al-Zulfikar shot and killed passenger Captain Tariq Rahim, mistakenly believed to be the son of General Rahimuddin Khan.<ref name=PIA>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofpia.com/hijackings.htm |title=Hijackings |publisher=History of PIA |accessdate=2011-03-27}}</ref><ref>Anwar, ''The Terrorist Prince'', (1997), p.121</ref> The decision to kill Rahim was taken after Murtaza Bhutto consulted [[KHAD]] chief [[Mohammad Najibullah]].<ref>Anwar, ''The Terrorist Prince'', (1997), p.106</ref><ref>Anwar, ''The Terrorist Prince'', (1997), p.123</ref> Tariq Rahim had actually been a former [[aide-de-camp]] to the elder Bhutto.<ref name=POD>{{cite web|url=http://prophetofdoom.net/Islamic_Terrorism_Timeline_1981.Islam |title=Islamic Terrorism Timeline |publisher=Prophet of Doom |accessdate=2011-03-27}}</ref> The episode was ended when Zia-ul-Haq released the prisoners.

==Governor of Sindh and retirement==
Zia dismissed his own government in May 1988. Rahimuddin became civilian [[Governor of Sindh|Governor]] of [[Sindh]], and [[emergency rule|governor's rule]] was imposed citing emergency.<ref>"The Far East and Central Asia" (2003) Regional Surveys of the World p. 1166</ref> Claiming corruption, Rahimuddin began dismissing large numbers of police and civil servants, including Z.A. Nizami from the [[Karachi Development Authority]].<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1072977
|title= Karachi's Woes
|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]
|date=13 February 2005
|quote= For years Karachi was at the mercy of a plunderer of the KDA, Z A Nizami, until one fine day the then governor of Sindh, General Rahimuddin, realizing that enough was enough, sacked the man...
|author1= Ardeshir Cowasjee
|authorlink1= Ardeshir Cowasjee
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.dawn.com/weekly/cowas/20050227.htm
|title= Who can say? What?
|accessdate= 2007-12-28
|author= [[Ardeshir Cowasjee]]
|year= 2005
|quote= The Bishop persisted. In July 1988, he asked Governor Rahimuddin for the plot, categorically stating that he did not intend to construct a building thereon but would use it as an open playground. The authorities held their ground.
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071215041134/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/cowas/20050227.htm |archivedate = 2007-12-15}}</ref> Rahimuddin also launched a brutal police crackdown on [[land mafia]], one of the widest ever in [[Karachi]], criticized by both [[Pakistan Peoples Party|PPP]] and the [[Zia regime]] for its heavyhanded tactics. It was stopped by the government immediately after he resigned. He moved to create separate [[police force]]s for the city and the rural areas, but this was also resisted after his resignation for fears of complicating the [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]]-[[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Muhajir]] relationship.<ref name="ALJ">{{cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA369333&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf |title=Near East and South Asia- U.S. Department of Commerce (1999) p.35|format=PDF |accessdate=2011-03-27}}</ref> Special [[riot control]] officers were trained to cope with ethnic riots, and river and forest police were also set up to battle [[dacoity]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA369333&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf |title=Near East and South Asia- U.S. Department of Commerce (1999) p.36|format=PDF |accessdate=2011-03-27}}</ref> [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]] became acting President after [[Death of Zia-ul-Haq|Zia's death]] in an aircrash on 17 August, and reintroduced the [[Chief Minister of Sindh]] office. Rahimuddin resigned in response, some say as this was attempt to limit his gubernatorial powers.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://pakistaniat.com/2006/10/27/ghulam-ishaq-khan-dead/comment-page-2/
|title= Ghulam Ishaq Khan Dead
|accessdate= 2006-10-27
|author= Najam, Adil Najam
|year= 2006
|quote= Khan’s presidency also saw the resignation of General Rahimuddin Khan from the post of Governor of Sindh, due to differences between the two after Khan started restricting Rahimuddin’s vast amount of legislative power.
}}</ref> Post-retirement, he projected his chiefs of staff [[Asif Nawaz]] and [[Abdul Waheed Kakar|Waheed Kakar]] for army chief.

==See also==
*[[1970s Operation in Balochistan|1970s operation in Balochistan]]
*[[Mahmud Hussain]]
*[[Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]]
*[[Asif Nawaz]]
*[[Baloch Regiment]]

==References==

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box
|before = Justice Khuda Bakhsh Marri
|title = [[Governor of Balochistan (Pakistan)|Governor of Balochistan]]
|years = 1978–1984
|after = Lt. Gen. Sardar F.S. Khan Lodi
}}
{{succession box
|before = [[Ashraf W. Tabani]]
|title = [[Governor of Sindh]]
|years = 1988
|after = [[Qadeeruddin Ahmed]]
}}
|-
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box
|before = Gen. [[Iqbal Khan (general)|Iqbal Khan]]
|title = [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
|years = 1984–1987
|after = Gen. [[Akhtar Abdur Rahman]]
}}
{{S-end}}

{{CJCSC Pakistan |state=expanded}}
{{Project-706}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Rahimuddin}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:Chairmen Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Governors of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Governors of Sindh]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]
[[Category:Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College]]
[[Category:Pakistani anti-communists]]
[[Category:Pakistani generals]]
[[Category:Pakistani Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Farrukhabad]]
[[Category:People of the Balochistan conflict]]
[[Category:People of the Soviet–Afghan War]]
[[Category:Project-706]]
[[Category:National Defence University, Pakistan faculty]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Baloch Regiment officers]]

Sahabzada Yaqub Khan

2016-12-01T18:10:08Z

202.5.145.75:

{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
|name = Sahabzada Yaqub Ali Khan صاحبزادہ یعقوب خان;
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|honorific-suffix =
|image =Sahabzada Yaqub Khan (cropped).jpg
|imagesize =160px
|smallimage = 
|alt =
|caption =Yaqub Ali Khan (1920–2016) in [[Paris]], [[Circa|ca.]] [[2002 in France|2002]]
|order =[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
|office =
|term_start2 =21 March 1982
|term_end2 =20 March 1991
|alongside2 = 
|vicepresident2 = 
|viceprimeminister2 = 
|deputy2 = 
|lieutenant2 = 
|monarch2 = 
|president2 = General [[Zia-ul-Haq]]
[[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]]
|primeminister2 =[[Mohammad Khan Junejo|Mohammad Khan Juneijo]] [[Nawaz Sharif]]
|governor2 = 
|succeeding2 = 
|constituency2 = 
|majority2 = 
|term_start =11 November 1996
|term_end =24 February 1997
|president =[[Farooq Leghari]]
|primeminister =[[Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi]]
|taoiseach =
|chancellor =
|governor =
|governor-general =
|governor_general =
|succeeding = 
|predecessor =[[Agha Shahi]]
|successor =[[Gohar Ayub Khan|Gohar Ayub]]
|order3 =[[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]]
|office3 =
|term_start3 =19 December 1973
|term_end3 =3 January 1979
|vicepresident =
|president3 =[[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry]] General [[Zia-ul-Haq]]
|primeminister3 =[[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]
|predecessor3 =Sultan Muhammad Khan
|successor3 =Sultan Muhammad Khan
|order4 =[[List of current Pakistani governors|Governor]] of [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]]
|office4 =
|term_start4 =23 August 1969
|term_end4 =1 September 1969
|alongside = 
|vicepresident4 =[[Nurul Amin]]
|viceprimeminister =
|deputy =
|lieutenant =
|monarch =
|president5 =General [[Yahya Khan]]
|primeminister5 =
|predecessor4 =[[Major-General|MGen]] Muzaffaruddin
|successor4 =[[Vice-Admiral|VAdm]] [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]]
|term_start5 =7 March 1971
|term_end5 =6 April 1971
|president4 =General [[Yahya Khan]]
|primeminister4 =
|predecessor5 =[[Vice-Admiral|VAdm]] [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan|S.M. Ahsan]]
|successor5 =[[Lieutenant General|Lt.Gen.]] [[Tikka Khan]]
|constituency =
|majority =
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1920|12|23}}
|birth_place = [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Uttar Pradesh|Uttar-Pradesh]], [[British Indian Empire]] {{small|(Present-day [[India]])}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|2016|01|26|1920|12|23|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Islamabad]], Pakistan
|restingplace =
|restingplacecoordinates =
|birthname =Mohammad Yaqub Ali Khan
|citizenship =[[British Subject]] {{small|(1920–1947)}} [[Pakistan]] {{small|(1947–2016)}}
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|alma_mater =[[Rashtriya Indian Military College]]
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|cabinet =[[Zia regime|Zia administration]] [[Yahya Khan|Yahya administration]] [[Bainazir Bhuttoo Government|Benazir ministry]]
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|nickname =''SYAK'' ''Prince Soldier''
|allegiance ={{PAK}}
|branch ={{army|PAK}}
|serviceyears ={{army|British India}} {{small|(1940–1947)}} {{army|PAK}} {{small|(1947–1972; 1982–1991)}}
|rank =[[File:OF-8 PakistanArmy.svg|10px]][[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|30px]] [[Lieutenant-General]]
|unit =[[Indian Army Armoured Corps|18th Cavalry]], [[Pakistan Army Armoured Corps|Armoured Corps]]
|commands =[[Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan|Eastern Military Command]], [[East Pakistan]] [[Pakistan Army Armoured Corps|1st Armoured Division]], [[Pakistan Army Armoured Corps|Armoured Corps]] [[Command and Staff College]] [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]]
|battles = [[Siege of Tobruk]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]] [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]]
|awards =[[File:Military Cross.jpg|10px]][[File:Military cross BAR.svg|30px]][[Military Cross]]
|military_blank1 =[[Service number|Service Number]]
|military_data1 = (PA – 136)
|military_blank2 =
|military_data2 =
|military_blank3 =
|military_data3 =
|military_blank4 =
|military_data4 =
|military_blank5 =
|military_data5 =
}}
[[Sahibzada|Sahabzada]] '''Yaqub Ali Khan''' [[Urdu]]: (صاحبزادہ یعقوب خان; December 23, 1920 – January 26, 2016) {{small|[[Military Cross|MC]]}},<ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.">{{cite book|last1=Cloughley|first1=Brian|title=A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.|isbn=9781631440397|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JE1kCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT95&dq=Sahibzada+yaqub+ali+khan+world+war&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYs929kPrOAhUNzWMKHdaXCeQ4ChC7BQhHMAg#v=onepage&q=Sahibzada%20yaqub%20ali%20khan%20world%20war&f=false|accessdate=6 September 2016|language=en}}</ref> was a [[Pakistan]]i [[Politician|statesman]], [[Pakistani diplomatic missions|diplomat]], military figure, and a retired [[Three-star general|three-star]] rank [[Pakistani army|army general]] in the [[Pakistan Army]].<ref name="The New York Times, Pakistan Bureau">{{cite news|last1=Roberts|first1=Sam|title=Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, Pakistani Diplomat, Dies at 95|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/29/world/asia/sahabzada-yaqub-khan-dies-at-95-pakistani-diplomat-obituary.html?_r=0|accessdate=6 September 2016|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times, Pakistan Bureau|date=28 January 2016}}</ref>

Born into an [[India]]n [[Sahib#Sahibzada|nobility]], he was educated at the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College|Indian Military College]] at [[Dehradun]] and served well in the [[World War II]] on the side of [[Great Britain]] as an [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] in the [[British Indian Army]]. After the [[Partition of India|partition]] of [[India]] in 1947, he [[Pakistani citizenship|opted]] for [[Pakistan]] and joined [[Pakistan Army]] where he participated in [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|war]] against [[India]] in 1965. He was the [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]] of [[Pakistan Eastern Command|East Pakistani military]] and eventually appointed its [[Chief of staff|commander]] in 1967. He was appointed as [[List of current Pakistani governors|Governor]] of [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]] in 1969 and 1971 but recalled to Pakistan after submitting resignation amid civil unrest. In 1973, he joined the [[Foreign Service of Pakistan|Foreign Service]] and was appointed as [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States|Pakistan Ambassador]] to the [[United States]] and later ascended as [[Foreign Minister of Pakistan|Foreign Minister]], serving under [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Zia-ul-Haq]] in 1982.

His stint as [[Foreign Minister of Pakistan|Foreign Minister]] played a major role in [[Soviet war in Afghanistan|Soviet intervention]] in [[Afghanistan]] (1979–89) and took part in negotiations to end the [[Contras|proxies]] in [[Nicaragua]] (1981–87) on the behalf of the [[United Nations]]. In the 1990s, he served as an official of the [[United Nations]] for [[Western Sahara]] until reappointed as Foreign Minister under [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Benazir Bhutto]]. After retiring from diplomatic services in 1997, he spent his remaining years in [[Islamabad]] and passed away in [[Islamabad]] in 2016.

==Biography==

===Youth and World war II===

Mohammad Yaqub Ali Khan was born into an [[Aristocracy|aristocrat]] [[Indian peers and baronets|Royal Indian family]] in [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[British Indian Empire]] on 23 December 1920.<ref name="Routledge, Mishra and Rajagopalan">{{cite book|last1=Rajagopalan|first1=Rajesh|last2=Mishra|first2=Atul|title=Nuclear South Asia: Keywords and Concepts|publisher=Routledge, Mishra and Rajagopalan|isbn=9781317324768|pages=169–170|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsFcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA169&dq=Sahibzada+Yaqub+Ali+Khan+born%27&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwielv2h1vnOAhVG3WMKHV4aB2cQuwUIIDAA#v=onepage&q=Sahibzada%20Yaqub%20Ali%20Khan%20born'&f=false|accessdate=6 September 2016|language=en}}</ref> The title, [[Sahib|''Sahabzada'']] (lit. ''Young Prince''), is an honorific bestowed to him to represent the [[List of Indian monarchs|Indian royalty]].<ref name="Royal Ark GENEALOGY"/> He was of the [[Afghans in India|Afghan descent]] and was an ethnically a [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] who belonged to a [[Yousafzai]] tribe.<ref name="Royal Ark GENEALOGY">{{cite web|title=Najibabad: GENEALOGY|url=http://www.royalark.net/India/najibabad.htm|website=www.royalark.net|publisher=Royal Ark GENEALOGY|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>

His father, [[Sir (title)|Sir]] [[Sahibzada Abdus Samad Khan Bahadur|Abdus Samad Khan]] was an aristocrat and politician who served as [[chief minister]] of [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], and as [[British India]]'s representative to the [[League of Nations]]. His ancestral roots traced back to [[Mirza Ghalib]] who was appointed teacher of Nawab of Rampur in 1857, who travelled to Rampur twice, in 1860 and 1865.<ref>[http://www.royalark.net/India/rampur.htm "Royal Ark: Rampur"]</ref>

He was educated at the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] at [[Dehradun]] and gained [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in [[British Indian Army]] in 1940 and attached to the [[18th King Edward's Own Cavalry]].<ref name="Express Tribune, Bangash editorial">{{cite news|last1=Bangash|first1=Yaqood Khan|title=Pakistan’s prince soldier, diplomat, statesman - The Express Tribune|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1035216/pakistans-prince-soldier-diplomat-statesman/|accessdate=6 September 2016|agency=Express Tribune|publisher=Express Tribune, Bangash editorial|date=27 January 2016}}</ref>

His military career saw the actions in the [[World War II]] and served in the [[North African Campaign]]. He took participation in [[Siege of Tobruk|Tobruk siege]] and was taken [[Prisoner of war|POWs]] by [[Afrika Korps]], spending year-and-half in the [[Axis powers]]'s camp before making his escape.<ref name="Hindustan Times, Pakistan Bureau">{{cite news|last1=Ahmad|first1=Imtiaz|title=Former Pakistan foreign minister Yaqub Khan dead at 95|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world/former-pakistan-foreign-minister-yaqub-khan-dead-at-95/story-bnsSAvF7UN0spmLx3JOr8J.html|accessdate=6 September 2016|agency=Hindustan Times|publisher=Hindustan Times, Pakistan Bureau|date=26 January 2016}}</ref> His escape attempt was partially successful and was recaptured shortly by the [[Panzer Army Africa|German forces]] who held him till April 1945 when he was rescued by the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] soldiers.<ref name="Hindustan Times, Pakistan Bureau"/> During his time in German custody, he learnt languages by interacting with fellow prisoners and reading literature in those languages.<ref name="Hindustan Times, Pakistan Bureau"/> After the [[World War II]], he was awarded the [[Military Cross]] by the [[United Kingdom]] for his actions.<ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc."/>

Upon returning to [[India]] in 1945, he was selected as an [[adjutant]] to [[Field Marshal]] [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Lord Wavell]] with an army rank of [[Major]].<ref name="Hindustan Times, Pakistan Bureau"/> After hearing the news of [[Partition of India|partition]] of [[British India|India]] and [[Independence of Pakistan|creation]] of [[Pakistan]], he decided to [[Pakistani citizenship|opt]] for [[Pakistan]], and initially was selected as [[Aide-de-camp]] to the [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]– the first [[Governor-General of Pakistan]].<ref name="Express Tribune, Bangash editorial"/> Instead, he became the commandant of bodyguards for the first [[Governor-General of Pakistan]] which he led until 1948.<ref name="Express Tribune, Bangash editorial"/>

===Military career: 1965 and 1971 wars===

His military career progressed well in the [[Pakistan Army]], and became vice [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]] in 1958 and the [[Commandant]] of the [[Command and Staff College]] in [[Quetta]] in 1960.<ref name="Hindustan Times, Pakistan Bureau"/> In 1965, he was promoted as [[Major-General]] and participated in the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|war]] against [[India]] in 1965 when he commanded the 1st Armoured Division of [[Pakistan Army Armoured Corps]].<ref name="Business Recorder">{{cite news|last1=Recorder|first1=Business|title=Sahibzada Yaqub Ali Khan passes away {{!}} Business Recorder|url=http://www.brecorder.com/top-stories/0:/10136:sahibzada-yaqub-ali-khan-passes-away/?date=2016-01-26|accessdate=6 September 2016|work=Business Recorder|agency=Business Recorder|publisher=Business Recorder}}</ref>

In 1967, he was posted in [[East Pakistan]] as a [[military adviser]] to the [[East Pakistan Rifles|East Pakistan Army]] and eventually becoming the [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]] of the [[Pakistan Eastern Command|East-Pakistani military]]. In 1969, he was elevated as [[Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army|Commander]] of the [[Pakistan Eastern Command|East-Pakistani military]].

==Diplomatic career==
On retiring from the Army he embarked on a career as a diplomat, serving as Ambassador to France, the United States and Soviet Union from 1972 to 1982. While posted in US, he also played a major role in the resolution of [[1977 Hanafi Siege]] in Washington, D.C. Since 1982 he served as Foreign Minister under seven different governments. Then from 1992 until 1997 Yaqub Khan was the United Nations Secretary General's Special Representative for the [[Western Sahara]].

==Post career==
Khan was the founding chairman of the [[Aga Khan University]] Board of Trustees, which he chaired for almost two decades until his retirement in 2001.<ref>[http://www.aku.edu/news/majorevents/syk-jun0205.shtml "The Life and Work of Sahabzada Yaqub Khan"] ''Aga Khan University News & Events''</ref> He was a commissioner in the now retired Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict.<ref>[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/subsites/ccpdc/index.htm "Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict"]</ref>

Khan was married to Begum Tuba Khaleeli, of the Iranian Khaleeli family of [[Calcutta]] from whom he had two sons, Samad and Najib.

==See also==
*[[Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara]]
*[[Timeline of Afghanistan (1982)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Indian Army List (April 1942, April 1945)
* Maj Gen Gurcharn Singh Sadu, I serve The Eighteenth Cavalry

==External links==
{{wikisource author|Sahabzada Yaqub Khan}}
*[http://www.newagebd.com/2005/jun/18/edit.html Yaqub Khan – the man who reinvented himself by Khaled Ahmed (The Friday Times)]
*[http://3quarksdaily.blogs.com/3quarksdaily/2005/06/monday_musing_t_1.html SYK: The Man With Qualities] Short biographical article by [http://3quarksdaily.com ''S. Abbas Raza'']
*[http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/oct/yaqub.htm Biographical article by M. Zafar in Defence Journal]
*[http://www.profile-bengal.com/0505_66_army_high_command.htm MAJOR-GENERAL SAHABZADA MOHD YAQUB KHAN (PA 136)]

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box |title=[[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]]
|years=1966–1969
|before=Sher Bahadur|
after=[[Gul Hassan Khan]]}}
|-
{{succession box |title=Unified Commander of [[Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan|Eastern Military High Command]]
|years=23 August 1969 – 1 September 1969
|before=[[Lieutenant-General|LGen]] Kamal Matinuddin
|after=[[Major-General|MGen]] Muzaffaruddin}}

{{s-off}}
{{succession box |title=Martial Law Administrator, Zone B ([[East Pakistan]])
|years=1969–1971
|before=[[Muzaffaruddin]]|
after=[[Tikka Khan]]}}

{{succession box |title=Governor of [[East Pakistan]]
|years=1969
|before=[[Muzaffaruddin]]|
after=[[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]]}}

{{succession box |title=Governor of [[East Pakistan]]
|years=1971
|before=[[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]]|
after=[[Tikka Khan]]}}

{{succession box |title=[[Foreign Minister of Pakistan]]
|years=1982–1991
|before=[[Agha Shahi]]|
after=[[Abdul Sattar (diplomat)|Abdul Sattar]]}}

{{succession box |title=[[Foreign Minister of Pakistan]] (caretaker)
|years=1996–1997
|before=[[Aseff Ahmad Ali]]
|after=[[Gohar Ayub Khan]]}}
|-
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box |title=[[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]]
|years=1973–1979
|before=Sultan Muhammad Khan
|after=Sultan Muhammad Khan}}
{{end}}

{{Military of Pakistan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Sahabzada Yaqub}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
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