Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Eaton Corporation

2024-10-24T19:15:21Z

212.58.103.78: Went through a tax inversion

{{Short description|Multinational power management company}}
{{About|the industrial manufacturer|other uses|Eaton (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Eton Corporation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Eaton Corporation plc
| logo = Eaton Corporation logo.svg
| type = [[Public limited company]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|ETN}}|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|IE00B8KQN827}}
| industry = [[Manufacturing|Conglomerate]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1911}}
| founders = {{ubl|[[Joseph Oriel Eaton II]]|Viggo Torbensen}}
| hq_location_city = [[Dublin]]
| hq_location_country = [[Ireland]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Craig Arnold ([[Chairman]], President & [[CEO]]), Olivier Leonetti ([[Chief Financial Officer|CFO]]), Heath Monesmith (President & [[Chief Operating Officer|COO]] Electrical Sector), Paulo Ruiz (President & [[Chief Operating Officer|COO]] Industrial Sector)
| products =
| production =
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} US$20.75 billion (2022)
| net_income = {{increase}} US$2.46 billion (2022)
| assets = {{increase}} US$35.01 billion (2022)
| equity = {{increase}} US$17.01 billion (2022)
| num_employees = 85,000 (2022)
| divisions = Electrical Sector Industrial Sector - Aerospace - Filtration - Golf Pride - Vehicle - eMobility
| website = {{url|https://www.eaton.com/|eaton.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name="10-K">{{cite web|url= https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1551182/000155118223000004/etn-20221231.htm |title=Eaton Corporation plc 2022 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |date=February 23, 2023 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |website=sec.gov}}</ref>
}}
[[File:An_Eaton_Corporation_office_building_in_Brossard,_Quebec,_Canada.jpg|thumb|An Eaton Corporation office building in [[Brossard|Brossard, Quebec]]]]
'''Eaton Corporation plc''' is an American-Irish-domiciled<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Brief but Sad History of Selected Corporate Inversions |url=https://www.epi.org/blog/sad-history-selected-corporate-inversions/}}</ref> multinational power management company, with a primary administrative center in [[Beachwood, Ohio]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20130207/FREE/130209815/eaton-corp-to-complete-move-to-new-beachwood-campus-by-feb-18|title=Eaton Corp. to complete move to new Beachwood campus by Feb. 18|date=2013-02-06|website=Crain's Cleveland Business|language=en|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref> Eaton has more than 85,000 employees and sells products to customers in more than 175 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eaton.com/us/en-us/company/about-us.html|title=About us}}</ref>

==History==
In 1911, [[Joseph Oriel Eaton II|Joseph O. Eaton]], brother-in-law Henning O. Taube and Viggo V. Torbensen, incorporated the Torbensen Gear and Axle Co. in [[Bloomfield, New Jersey]]. With financial backing from Torbensen's mother, the company was set to manufacture Torbensen's patented internal-gear truck axle. In 1914, the company moved to [[Cleveland, Ohio]], to be closer to its core business, the automotive industry.

The Torbensen Axle Company incorporated in Ohio in 1916, succeeding the New Jersey corporation. A year later, [[Republic Motor Truck Company]], Torbensen's largest customer bought out the company. But Eaton and Torbensen were not content and bowed out of Republic to form the Eaton Axle Company in 1919. A year later, in 1920, Eaton Axle Company merged with Standard Parts. Standard Parts went in receivership later the same year and was later liquidated. In 1923, Eaton bought the Torbensen Axle Co. back from Republic and changed the name to the Eaton Axle and Spring Company.

Eaton officers believed the quickest way to grow the business was through acquisitions and began buying companies in the automotive industry. By 1932, the diversified company changed its name to Eaton Manufacturing Company. In 1937, Eaton became international by opening a manufacturing plant in Canada. In 1958 Eaton Corporation acquired Fuller Manufacturing. The company name changed once again in 1965 to Eaton Yale & Towne Inc. after the acquisition of Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co. in 1963. Stockholders approved the change to the company's current name in 1971. In 1978, Eaton Corporation acquired Samuel Moore & Company, Kenway Systems, and Cutler-Hammer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eaton.com/Eaton/ProductsServices/Electrical/Support/Brand/Cutler-Hammer/index.htm|title=Cutler-Hammer|access-date=10 December 2016|archive-date=1 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501040453/http://www.eaton.com/Eaton/ProductsServices/Electrical/Support/Brand/Cutler-Hammer/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>http://www.manufacturingnews.com/subscribers/users_orig.cgi?mfgnews_username=mbg&flag=read_article&id_title=1&id_article=581&id_issue=34&id_sub=459&id_sl= </ref>{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}

==Current work==
Eaton's businesses are divided into the following sectors:

===Electrical===
The electrical sector's products include circuit breakers, switchgear, busway, UPS systems, power distribution units, panel boards, load centers, motor controls, meters, sensors, relays, PLCs, HMIs, and inverters. The main markets for the Electrical Americas and Electrical Rest of World segments are industrial, institutional, government, utility, commercial, residential, information technology and original equipment manufacturer customers.

===Aerospace===
For the aerospace industry, Eaton manufactures and markets a line of systems and components for hydraulic, fuel, motion control, pneumatic systems and engines.

===Mobility ===

The Mobility Group comprises the company's Vehicle and eMobility segments, including the Roadranger division providing:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roadranger.com/rr/OurCompany/AboutUs/index.htm |title=Roadranger |publisher=Eaton |access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref>
* Eaton clutches
* Eaton automated and mechanical transmissions
* Eaton hybrid power systems: mounted between the UltraShift automated manual transmission and clutch is an electric motor/generator, connected to a power inverter using lithium-ion batteries, controlled with an electronic control module. The system has a fail-safe that reverts to conventional engine-powered operation should some fault occur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roadranger.com/Eaton/ProductsServices/Vehicle/Hybrid-Power-Systems/HybridElectricVehicleSystemsOverview/index.htm |title=Hybrid Electric Vehicle Systems Overview |publisher=Eaton |access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref>
* Roadranger synthetic lubricants
* Eaton MD mobile diagnostics

The truck segment is involved in the design, manufacture and marketing of powertrain systems and other components for commercial vehicle markets. Key products include manual and automated transmissions, clutches,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eaton.com/us/en-us/products/clutches-brakes/commercial-vehicle-clutches.html?wtredirect=www.roadranger.com/rr/ProductsServices/ProductsbyCategory/Clutches/index.htm |title=Clutches for linehaul and vocational trucks |publisher=Eaton |access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> drive-line components, and hybrid power.

Eaton's automotive segment produces products such as superchargers, engine valves, valve train components, cylinder heads, locking and limited-slip differentials, heavy-duty drive-line components, fuel, emissions, and safety controls, transmission and engine controls, spoilers, exterior moldings, plastic components, and fluid connectors.

The eMobility sector combines elements of Eaton's electrical and vehicle businesses to deliver electric vehicles to passenger car, commercial vehicle and off-highway OEMs.

==Acquisitions and divestments==
In one of Eaton's largest acquisitions, the company purchased the [[Westinghouse Electric Corporation|Westinghouse]] Distribution and Controls Business Unit in 1994.<ref name="timeline">{{cite web| title=History Timeline| url=http://www.eaton.com/Eaton/OurCompany/AboutUs/HistoryTimeline/index.htm| publisher=Eaton Corporation| access-date=2012-01-15| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124210114/http://www.eaton.com/us/en-us/company/about-us/our-heritage.html| archive-date=24 January 2012}}</ref> The acquisition included all of the Westinghouse electrical distribution and control product business and also included stipulations that the Westinghouse name cannot be used by anyone else on these types of products for years. Today, Eaton Electrical manufactures electrical distribution and control products branded "Eaton" or "Cutler-Hammer", which can replace Westinghouse products in commercial and industrial applications.

Eaton spun off its [[Semiconductor device fabrication|semiconductor manufacturing equipment]] business as [[Axcelis Technologies]] in 2000.

In 2003, Eaton's Electrical Distribution and Control business (formerly known as Cutler-Hammer) acquired the electrical division of Delta plc. This acquisition brought Delta's brands Holec, MEM, Tabula, Bill and Elek under the Eaton nameplate<ref name="delta">{{cite news| title=Eaton buys Delta plc's electrical division based in United Kingdom| url=http://ewweb.com/mag/electric_eaton_buys_delta/index.html| work=Electrical Wholesaling| author=Dale Funk| date=1 January 2003| access-date=2012-01-15| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214055138/http://ewweb.com/mag/electric_eaton_buys_delta/index.html| archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> with the previous Westinghouse divisions and gave the company manufacturing facilities to meet [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] standards, one of the steps to become a global company and developing a worldwide standard.

Soon after this acquisition, Eaton entered a [[joint venture]] with [[Caterpillar Inc.]] and purchased 51% of I & S operations, now known as Intelligent Switchgear Organization, LLC.<ref name="joint">{{cite news| title=Cutler-Hammer in joint venture between Eaton, Caterpillar| url=http://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/stories/2003/08/04/daily12.html| work=The Business Journal (Milwaukee)| date=5 August 2003| publisher=bizjournals.com| access-date=2012-01-15}}</ref> This was followed in 2004 by the acquisition of [[Powerware]].<ref name="powerware">{{cite press release| title=Eaton Completes Purchase of Powerware| url=http://www.eaton.com/Eaton/OurCompany/NewsEvents/NewsReleases/CT_065747| date=9 June 2004| publisher=Eaton Corporation| access-date=2012-01-15}}</ref> The Powerware brand is known for the design and production of medium to large Uninterruptible Power System (UPS) devices. After several years of co-branding UPS products "Eaton|Powerware" the company is switching to the single brand Eaton for all UPS products including; [[Eaton BladeUPS|BladeUPS]], 9355, 9390, 9395, and 9E.

In 2006, Eaton entered the data center power distribution market. Initial products were internally developed PDU's and RPP's under the Powerware brand and included the PowerXpert metering system. A Powerware brand Static Transfer Switch was added to the portfolio through a brand-label relationship with Cyberex. To complete the power distribution portfolio Eaton released a line of rack power distribution products under its Powerware brand called ePDU. It acquired Aphel Technologies Ltd., a manufacturer of power distribution product for data centers based in [[Coventry]], UK.<ref name="alphel">{{cite press release| title=Eaton Announces Acquisition of Aphel Technologies Limited| url=http://www.eaton.com/Eaton/OurCompany/NewsEvents/NewsReleases/CT_123913| date=5 April 2007| publisher=Eaton Corporation| access-date=2012-01-15}}</ref> Shortly after, it added Pulizzi Engineering Inc., a manufacturer of mission critical power distribution based in Santa Ana, California.<ref name="pulizzi">{{cite press release| title=Eaton Expands Power Quality Offerings With Acquisition of Pulizzi Engineering| url=http://www.eaton.com/Eaton/OurCompany/NewsEvents/NewsReleases/CT_126846| date=19 June 2007| publisher=Eaton Corporation| access-date=2012-01-15}}</ref> In late 2007, it acquired the MGE Office Protection Systems division of [[Schneider Electric]], as a result of Schneider's acquisition of [[APC by Schneider Electric|APC]]. A Taiwanese manufacturer, Phoenixtec, was also acquired giving the company the highest share in the Chinese single-phase UPS market.<ref name="mge">{{cite press release| title=Eaton To Acquire MGE's Small Systems Business From Schneider Electric| url=http://www.eaton.com/Eaton/OurCompany/NewsEvents/NewsReleases/CT_127054| date=21 June 2007| publisher=Eaton Corporation| access-date=2012-01-15}}</ref>

On 21 May 2012, Eaton announced that they had agreed to purchase [[Ireland]]-based [[Cooper Industries]] in a cash-and-stock deal valued at about $11.46 billion. The new company is called Eaton Corporation plc and is incorporated in Ireland. Then-Chairman and CEO of Eaton [[Alexander Cutler]] headed the new corporation. Cooper shareholders received $39.15 in cash and 0.77479 of a share in the newly created company for each Cooper share held. This is worth $72 per share based on Eaton's closing share price of $42.40 on 18 May 2012, and is 29% above Cooper's closing stock price.<ref>Detroit Free Press, Tuesday, 22 May. 2012, page 3C</ref> Eaton Corporation plc completed its acquisition of Cooper Industries on 30 Nov 2012. The $13 billion acquisition of Cooper (US$5.4B Sales revenue (2011)), became the largest in Eaton's (US$16B Sales Revenue (2011)) 101-year history.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-11-30/eaton-completes-11-dot-46b-deal-for-cooper-industries |title=Eaton completes $11.46B deal for Cooper Industries - Businessweek |access-date=3 December 2012 |archive-date=1 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201135404/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-11-30/eaton-completes-11-dot-46b-deal-for-cooper-industries |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 17 Mar 2021, Eaton completed the acquisition of [[Tripp Lite]] for $1.65 billion. President and COO of Electrical Sector, Eaton Uday Yadav said "The acquisition of Tripp Lite will enhance the breadth of our edge computing and distributed IT product portfolio and expand our single-phase UPS business." The acquisition will further Eaton's access to the consumer market in which Tripp Lite has a strong position.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eaton.com/us/en-us/company/news-insights/news-releases/2021/eaton-completes-the-acquisition-of-tripp-lite--expanding-eaton-s.html|title=Eaton completes the acquisition of Tripp Lite, expanding Eaton's power quality business in the Americas}}</ref>

Eaton's [[hydraulics]] business, manufacturing systems and components for the agriculture, construction, mining, forestry, utility, material handling, machine tools, molding, power generation, primary metals, and oil and gas markets, was acquired by [[Danfoss]] in August 2021 for $3.3 billion.<ref name="danfoss">{{cite web |title=Danfoss Formally Completes US$3.3 Billion Acquisition of Eaton's Hydraulics Business |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210802005512/en/Danfoss-Formally-Completes-US3.3-Billion-Acquisition-of-Eaton’s-Hydraulics-Business |website=Business Wire |access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>

==Headquarters==
From 1920s-1964 Eaton was based on East 140th Street in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1964, the company moved its headquarters into the new [[Erieview Tower]] where it remained until 1983. In that year, Eaton Corporation moved into a 28-story Cleveland office tower which was renamed for it.<ref name=
"emporis">{{cite web| title=Eaton Center| url=http://www.emporis.com/building/eatoncenter-cleveland-oh-usa| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017082016/http://www.emporis.com/building/eatoncenter-cleveland-oh-usa| url-status=usurped| archive-date=17 October 2012| publisher=Emporis| access-date=2012-01-15}}</ref> Eaton relocated to its new 580,000 square foot facility, named Eaton Center, in [[Beachwood, Ohio]] in early 2013.<ref name="ground">{{cite news| title=Eaton Corporation Relocated World Headquarters to Beachwood; Puts City on Map for Economic Development| url=http://www.bcomber.org/news/2013/02/02/eaton-corporation-relocates-world-headquarters-to-beachwood-puts-city-on-map-for-future-economic-development/| author=Grant Gravagna| publisher=bcomber.org| date=2 February 2013| access-date=2013-02-03}}</ref> They reincorporated, as a means of reducing their U.S. corporate tax burden, in Ireland as part of the Cooper merger involved establishing a registered head office in Dublin, Ireland but operational headquarters remain in Beachwood.

== Controversies ==

=== Racial harassment ===
In 1995, Eaton Corp had to pay $1.25M in restitution to a former employee who had been subject to racial harassment. Incidents included food being thrown on his desk, food being thrown through the roof of his car, use of the word 'nigger', and the presence of neo-nazi flyers at Eaton Corp.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Twitter|date=1995-04-22|title=Vindication, at Long Last : Ex-Employer Must Pay Homeless Man $1.25 Million for Racial Harassment|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-04-22-me-57528-story.html|access-date=2022-02-06|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> The employee developed psychological problems and slipped into homelessness shortly after being fired.

In 2020, an employee sued Eaton Corp for retaliation and facilitating a climate of racial harassment. After a profane outburst from a fellow worker, the plaintiff was assigned to work and train under a supervisor who abused him psychologically. The supervisor made frequent use of the N-word, made reference to slavery and lynching, and claimed his job was to get rid of black workers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Breslin|first=John|title=Company faces serious allegations of racial harassment and retaliation|url=https://madisonrecord.com/stories/524571846-company-faces-serious-allegations-of-racial-harassment-and-retaliation|access-date=2022-02-06|website=Madison - St. Clair Record|language=en}}</ref> The employee informed management of his hostile work environment, but management responded by disciplining the plaintiff himself.

=== Long-term benefits ===
Back when Eaton Corp was struggling with bankruptcy, various employees on long-term benefits suddenly found themselves terminated.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Outward v. Eaton Corp. Disability Plan for U.S. Emps., No. 19-3365 {{!}} Casetext Search + Citator|url=https://casetext.com/case/outward-v-eaton-corp-disability-plan-for-us-emps|access-date=2022-02-06|website=casetext.com}}</ref> Eaton had failed to insure the plan that the employees had nonetheless paid for. This led to numerous suits against Eaton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Evans v. Eaton Corporation Long Term Disability Plan, C.A. No. 8:05-2575-HMH {{!}} Casetext Search + Citator|url=https://casetext.com/case/evans-v-eaton-corporation-long-term-disability-plan-2|access-date=2022-02-06|website=casetext.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FindLaw's United States Fourth Circuit case and opinions.|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-4th-circuit/1099274.html|access-date=2022-02-06|website=Findlaw|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>

=== Tax avoidance ===
In 2012, the acquisition of [[Cooper Industries]] made it possible for Eaton Corp to become an Irish company, which would sharply lower its [[Corporate tax|corporate tax rate]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-05-22|title=Ireland-bound Eaton is latest to end U.S. corporate citizenship|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tax-eaton-idUSBRE84L0T420120522|access-date=2022-02-06}}</ref> The move was later denounced by both [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] and [[Donald Trump|President Donald Trump]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Monica|first=Paul R. La|date=2017-02-03|title=Company that Trump bashed isn't backing down|url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/02/03/investing/eaton-donald-trump-inversion-ireland/index.html|access-date=2022-02-06|website=CNNMoney}}</ref>

=== Triumph Group ===
In 2004, Eaton Corp sued [[Triumph Group]] for trade secrets theft, but when it was discovered that the company’s lawyers were paying former Hinds County District Attorney Ed Peters to improperly influence then-Hinds County Circuit Judge Bobby DeLaughter, the defendants countersued. In 2014, Eaton Corp paid $135M to Triumph Group and $13M to six former employees to settle the long-running legal dispute. Judge Bobby DeLaughter was sentenced to 18 months in prison.<ref>{{Cite web|title=$135 Million Settlement Payment from Eaton to Triumph in Now Legendary Mississippi (and ultimately North Carolina) Trade Secrets Row {{!}} Graebe Hanna Sullivan PLLC|url=http://www.ghslawfirm.com/site/135-million-settlement-payment-from-eaton-to-triumph-in-now-legendary-mississippi-and-ultimately-north-carolina-trade-secrets-row/|access-date=2022-02-06|language=en-US|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508024858/http://www.ghslawfirm.com/site/135-million-settlement-payment-from-eaton-to-triumph-in-now-legendary-mississippi-and-ultimately-north-carolina-trade-secrets-row/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-19|title=Eaton To Pay $147.5M To Settle Trade Secrets Dispute|url=https://www.manufacturing.net/aerospace/news/13098828/eaton-to-pay-1475m-to-settle-trade-secrets-dispute|access-date=2022-02-06|website=Manufacturing.net|language=en-us}}</ref>

==Corporate recognition and rankings==

Recognitions include the following:
* Ranked #4 in "100 Best Corporate Citizens" of Corporate Responsibility Magazine in 2013, also ranking in Top 50 for Six Consecutive Years.<ref name="100 Best Corporate Citizens">{{cite press release| title=Eaton Places Fourth Among| url=http://www.eaton.com/Eaton/OurCompany/NewsEvents/NewsReleases/PCT_477682| date=16 April 2013| publisher=Eaton Corporation}}</ref>
* Named to [[Thomson Reuters]] Top 100 Innovators List, 2011 - 2012 - 2013.<ref name="100 Top Innovators">{{cite press release| title=Eaton Recognized for Leadership| url=http://www.eaton.com/Eaton/OurCompany/NewsEvents/NewsReleases/PCT_918223| date=9 October 2013| publisher=Eaton Corporation}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Cooper Industries]]
*[[Eagle Electric]]
*[[Powerware]]
*[[Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland#Corporate tax inversions]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*''The History of Eaton Corporation 1911–1985''
*[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/31277/000003127703000012/etn2q2003earningsrelease.txt Securities and Exchange Commission]

==External links==
* {{commonscat-inline}}
*{{Official website}}
{{Finance links
| name = Eaton Corporation
| symbol = ETN
| sec_cik = 1551182
| yahoo = ETN
| google = ETN:NYSE
}}

{{Eaton}}
{{Automotive industry in the United States}}

{{authority control|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Aerospace companies of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Aircraft manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:American brands]]
[[Category:Auto parts suppliers of the United States]]
[[Category:Automotive transmission makers]]
[[Category:Beachwood, Ohio]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Electrical engineering companies]]
[[Category:Golf equipment manufacturers]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Dublin (city)]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Ohio]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1911]]
[[Category:Tax inversions]]

Atlassian

2024-09-29T20:00:31Z

212.58.103.78: It is incorporated in Delaware making it legally Ameican

{{Short description|Australian enterprise software company}}
{{Cleanup|date=August 2020|reason= Difficult to read because of all of the one-line paragraphs. Some advertorial language.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Australian English|date= September 2011}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Atlassian Corporation
| logo = Atlassian.svg
| image = George Place Sydney 001.jpg
| image_caption = George Place, where Atlassian's Sydney headquarters are located
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|class=nowrap|{{NASDAQ|TEAM}} (Class A)|[[Nasdaq-100]] component}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|GB00BZ09BD16}}
| industry = Software
| foundation = {{start date and age|2002|df=yes}} in Sydney
| founders = {{ubl|[[Mike Cannon-Brookes]]|[[Scott Farquhar]]}}
| hq_location_city = [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]
| hq_location_country = Australia
| key_people = {{ubl|[[Shona Brown]] (chair)|Mike Cannon-Brookes (CEO)}}
| products = {{plainlist|
* [[Jira (software)|Jira]]
* [[Confluence (software)|Confluence]]
* [[Hipchat]]/[[Stride (software)|Stride]]
* [[Bitbucket]]/[[Bitbucket Server]]
* [[Fisheye (software)|Fisheye]]
* [[Crucible (software)|Crucible]]
* [[Trello]]
}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|3.92 billion|link=yes}} (2024)
| operating_income = {{increaseNegative}} {{US$|−117 million}} (2024)
| net_income = {{increaseNegative}} {{US$|−301 million}} (2024)
| assets = {{increase}} {{US$|5.21 billion}} (2024)
| equity = {{increase}} {{US$|1.03 billion}} (2024)
| num_employees = 12,157 (2024)
| website = {{URL|https://atlassian.com/}}
| footnotes = <ref name=10K>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1650372/000165037224000036/team-20240630.htm |title=U.S. SEC: Atlassian Corporation Form 10-K |date=16 August 2024 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref><ref name=22q3>{{Cite web |last1=Farquhar |first1=Scott |last2=Cannon-Brookes |first2=Mike |last3=Deatsch |first3=Cameron |last4=Beer |first4=James |date=28 April 2022 |title=Our Q3 FY22 letter to shareholders |url=https://www.atlassian.com/blog/announcements/shareholder-letter-q3fy22 |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=Atlassian}}</ref><ref name=redomiciliation>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001650372/000165037222000071/team-20221003.htm |title=Atlassian Corporation Form 8-K |date=3 October 2022 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref>
}}
'''Atlassian Corporation''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|t|ˈ|l|æ|s|i|ə|n}}) is an American-Australian software company that develops products for [[software development|software developers]], and [[project management|project managers]] among other groups. The company is domiciled in [[Delaware]], with global headquarters in [[Sydney]], Australia, and US headquarters in [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2016 |title=Office Envy: Inside Atlassian's San Francisco headquarters |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/02/24/office-envy-inside-atlassians-san-francisco-headquarters.html |publisher=[[CNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |author= |title=Atlassian Announces Completion of its Redomiciliation to the United States |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20221003005143/en/Atlassian-Announces-Completion-of-its-Redomiciliation-to-the-United-States |location=[[San Francisco]] |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |date=2022-10-03 |access-date=2022-10-04}}</ref>

In the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022, Atlassian reported serving 242,623 customers in over 190 countries, with 10 million monthly active users.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Customers |url=https://www.atlassian.com/customers |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=Atlassian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlassian Announces Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2022 Results |url=https://investors.atlassian.com/news/news-details/2022/Atlassian-Announces-Fourth-Quarter-and-Fiscal-Year-2022-Results/default.aspx |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=investors.atlassian.com |language=en-US}}</ref> As of August 2024, the company had over 12,000 employees across 13 countries.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Druzin |first=Bryce |date=28 November 2016 |title=San Francisco software firm opens Silicon Valley hub |work=Silicon Valley Business Journal |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2016/11/28/san-francisco-software-firm-opens-silicon-valley.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031247/http://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2016/11/28/san-francisco-software-firm-opens-silicon-valley.html |archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact |url=https://www.atlassian.com/company/contact |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=Atlassian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlassian Announces Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2022 Results |url=https://investors.atlassian.com/news/news-details/2022/Atlassian-Announces-Fourth-Quarter-and-Fiscal-Year-2022-Results/default.aspx |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=investors.atlassian.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} Atlassian |url=https://www.atlassian.com/company |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Atlassian |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
In 2001, [[Mike Cannon-Brookes]] sent an email to his [[University of New South Wales]] classmates asking if any of them were interested in helping him launch a tech startup after graduation.<ref name="ApplePodcast">{{cite web |title=Atlassian: Mike Cannon-Brookes and Scott Farquhar |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/atlassian-mike-cannon-brookes-and-scott-farquhar/id1150510297?i=1000508150130 |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> [[Scott Farquhar]] was the only one who replied, and together they founded Atlassian in 2002.<ref name="8ATL">{{Cite web |date=17 January 2019 |title=Atlassian Shareholder Letter Q2 FY19 |url=https://s28.q4cdn.com/541786762/files/doc_financials/2019/q2/TEAM-Q2-2019-shareholder-letter_FINAL.pdf |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=Atlassian}}</ref><ref name="2SMH">{{Cite news |last=Moses |first=Asher |date=15 July 2010 |title=From Uni dropouts to software magnates |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=http://www.smh.com.au/small-business/entrepreneur/from-uni-dropouts-to-software-magnates-20100715-10bsm.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204162406/http://www.smh.com.au/small-business/entrepreneur/from-uni-dropouts-to-software-magnates-20100715-10bsm.html |archive-date=4 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="10MA">{{Cite web |last=Asher |first=Moses |date=14 July 2010 |title=From Uni dropouts to software magnates |url=http://www.smh.com.au/small-business/entrepreneur/from-uni-dropouts-to-software-magnates-20100715-10bsm.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214142241/http://www.smh.com.au/small-business/entrepreneur/from-uni-dropouts-to-software-magnates-20100715-10bsm.html |archive-date=14 December 2012 |access-date=15 May 2013 |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> They [[Entrepreneurship#Bootstrapping|bootstrapped]] the company for several years, financing the startup with a $10,000 [[credit card debt]].<ref name="5Mck">{{Cite web |last=Mckenzie |first=Hamish |title=Hard yakka: Why Atlassian's founders are the pride of Australia's startup world |url=https://pandodaily.com/2013/04/26/hard-yakka-why-atlassians-founders-are-the-pride-of-australias-startup-world/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517184925/http://pandodaily.com/2013/04/26/hard-yakka-why-atlassians-founders-are-the-pride-of-australias-startup-world/ |archive-date=17 May 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |website=[[PandoDaily]]}}</ref> The name was derived from the Greek mythological figure [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2011 |title=Behind the Scenes of the Atlassian Logo Redesign - Atlassian Blog |url=https://www.atlassian.com/blog/archives/behind-the-scenes-of-the-atlassian-logo-redesign |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030104555/https://www.atlassian.com/blog/archives/behind-the-scenes-of-the-atlassian-logo-redesign |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=28 September 2017}}</ref>

Originally, Cannon-Brookes and Farquhar were working to support other customer support teams, but this required them to take calls at all hours.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=20 years of Atlassian, 20 lessons learned |url=https://www.atlassian.com/blog/announcements/atlassian-founders-20-years-20-lessons |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=Work Life by Atlassian |language=en-US}}</ref> Additionally, they were dissatisfied with the bug-tracking software they were using. To address this, they launched Atlassian's flagship product [[Jira (software)|Jira]], a project and issue tracker, and refocused their operations to selling the software.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weinberger |first=Matt |title=The co-CEOs of $26 billion Atlassian changed the way programmers work together. Now, they explain their plan to do it for everybody else too. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/atlassian-mike-cannon-brookes-scott-farquhar-interview-2019-4 |access-date=5 May 2019 |website=Business Insider}}</ref>

In 2004, Atlassian launched a team collaboration platform named [[Confluence (software)|Confluence]].<ref name="12ATL">{{Cite web |title=Products |url=https://www.atlassian.com/software |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514044058/http://www.atlassian.com/software/ |archive-date=14 May 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |website=Atlassian}}</ref>

In July 2010, Atlassian raised $60 million in secondaries [[venture capital]] from [[Accel Partners]].<ref name="6TAM">{{Cite news |last=Tam |first=Pui-Wing |date=14 July 2010 |title=Accel Invests $60 Million in Atlassian |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2010/07/14/accel-invests-60-million-in-atlassian/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317063750/http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2010/07/14/accel-invests-60-million-in-atlassian/ |archive-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> By June of the next year it announced that revenue had increased 35% in the previous year to $102 million.<ref name="27TC">{{Cite web |last=Schonfeld |first=Erick |title=Atlassian's 2011 Revenues Were $102 Million With No Sales People |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/01/16/atlassian-2011-revenues-102-million/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521032901/http://techcrunch.com/2012/01/16/atlassian-2011-revenues-102-million/ |archive-date=21 May 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |website=Tech Crunch|date=16 January 2012 }}</ref> The 2014 restructuring saw the parent company became Atlassian Corporation [[public limited company|PLC]] of the UK whose address was registered in London though the de facto headquarters remained in Sydney.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=James |title=Atlassian's Farquhar justifies London switch |url=http://www.afr.com/technology/atlassians-farquhar-justifies-london-switch-20140217-ixrqy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013000134/http://www.afr.com/technology/atlassians-farquhar-justifies-london-switch-20140217-ixrqy |archive-date=13 October 2015 |access-date=15 September 2015}}</ref>

In November 2015, Atlassian announced sales of $320 million,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lunden |first1=Ingrid |last2=Roof |first2=Katie |last3=Wilhelm |first3=Alex |date=9 November 2015 |title=Enterprise Software Co Atlassian Files IPO on Sales Of $320M, Net Income Of $6.8M in 2015 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/09/atlassian-ipo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211135931/https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/09/atlassian-ipo/ |archive-date=11 February 2017 |access-date=25 January 2017 |website=Tech Crunch}}</ref> and [[Shona Brown]] was added to its board.<ref name="ipo">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2015 |title=Form F-1 Amendment 3: Registration of Securities |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1650372/000104746915009069/a2226799zf-1a.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313013538/http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1650372/000104746915009069/a2226799zf-1a.htm |archive-date=13 March 2016 |access-date=25 January 2017 |publisher=US Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref> On 10 December 2015, Atlassian made its [[initial public offering]] (IPO) on the [[NASDAQ]] stock exchange,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Primack |first=Dan |title=And the Price of the Last Big Tech IPO of 2015 Is... |url=http://fortune.com/2015/12/09/atlassian-ipo-price/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211200857/http://fortune.com/2015/12/09/atlassian-ipo-price/ |archive-date=11 December 2015}}</ref> under the symbol TEAM, putting the market capitalization of Atlassian at $4.37 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=And the Price of the Last Big Tech IPO of 2015 Is... |url=http://fortune.com/2015/12/09/atlassian-ipo-price/ |access-date=17 December 2018 |website=Fortune}}</ref> The IPO made its founders Farquhar and Cannon-Brookes Australia's first tech startup billionaires and household names in their native country, despite Atlassian being called a "very boring software company" in ''The New York Times'' for its focus on development and management software.<ref name="2SMH" /><ref name="4Fin">{{Cite magazine |last=Finley |first=Klint |title=Atlassian Challenges GitHub to a Fork Fight |url=https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/12/atlassian-stash/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522040906/http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/12/atlassian-stash |archive-date=22 May 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bowles |first=Nellie |date=13 February 2019 |title=The Strange Experience of Being Australia's First Tech Billionaires |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/technology/atlassian-cannon-brookes-farquhar.html |access-date=18 September 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In March 2019, Atlassian's value was US$26.6 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kruger |first=Colin |date=19 March 2019 |title=Atlassian founders worth $10 billion each after record stock rise |url=https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/atlassian-founders-worth-10-billion-each-after-record-stock-rise-20190319-p515gs.html |access-date=5 May 2019 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> Cannon-Brookes and Farquhar own approximately 30% each. In October 2020, Atlassian announced the end of support for their "Server" products with sales ending in February 2021 and support ending in February 2024 to focus on "Cloud" and "Data Center" editions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlassian to end sale and support of on-premise server products by 2024 |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/atlassian-to-end-sale-and-support-of-on-premise-server-products-by-2024/ |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=ZDNET |language=en}}</ref>

In October 2021, Atlassian received approval to construct their new Headquarters in Sydney, which will anchor the Tech Central precinct.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKeown |first=Renee |date=18 October 2021 |title=Atlassian Wins Approval for $1bn Tech Central Tower |url=https://www.theurbandeveloper.com/articles/atlassian-wins-approval-on-tech-central-tower |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=The Urban Developer |language=en}}</ref> Their building is planned to be the world's tallest hybrid timber structure and will embody leading sustainability technologies and principles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World's tallest hybrid timber tower to house Atlassian HQ in Sydney |url=https://architectureau.com/articles/worlds-tallest-hybrid-timber-tower-to-be-built-in-sydney/ |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=ArchitectureAU |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2023, the firm announced layoffs of 500 employees, or 5% of its workforce.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ford |first1=Brody |title=Atlassian to Eliminate 500 Jobs in Latest Software Cutbacks |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-06/atlassian-will-eliminate-500-jobs-in-latest-software-cutbacks?srnd=premium&sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=6 March 2023 |work=Bloomberg.com |date=6 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

In October 2023, [[Microsoft]] identified a severe [[Zero-day (computing)|zero-day]] vulnerability that can be exploited remotely and anonymously in Atlassian's Confluence product. It also accused Chinese state-backed group known as Storm-0062, DarkShadow, or Oro0lxy, of breaking into Atlassian customers' systems several weeks earlier. Atlassian asked its customers to look for signs of a breach, as it could not itself confirm whether their systems were affected. The flaw has since been fixed via an update that the customers would need to apply.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bonyhady |first=Nick |date=11 October 2023 |title=Atlassian hit by Chinese state-linked hackers |url=https://www.afr.com/technology/atlassian-hit-by-chinese-state-linked-hackers-20231011-p5ebfa |work=Australian Financial Review}}</ref>

At the end of August 2024, Farquhar stepped down as co-CEO, leaving Cannon-Brookes as the sole CEO of the company. Farquhar remains on the board and as a special adviser.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Biggs |first=Tim |date=26 April 2024 |title=Scott Farquhar to step down as Atlassian co-CEO |url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/scott-farquhar-to-step-down-as-atlassian-co-ceo-20240426-p5fmqc.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427114036/https://www.smh.com.au/technology/scott-farquhar-to-step-down-as-atlassian-co-ceo-20240426-p5fmqc.html |archive-date=27 April 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bennett |first=Tess |date=1 September 2024 |title=Farquhar's Atlassian era passes without a grand farewell |url=https://www.afr.com/technology/farquhar-s-atlassian-era-passes-without-a-grand-farewell-20240827-p5k5nv |work=Australian Financial Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901173947/https://www.afr.com/technology/farquhar-s-atlassian-era-passes-without-a-grand-farewell-20240827-p5k5nv |archive-date=1 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2019 data leak ===
{{main|DataSpii}}
In July 2019, cybersecurity researcher Sam Jadali exposed a catastrophic data leak known as [[DataSpii]] involving clickstream data provider DDMR and marketing intelligence company Nacho Analytics (NA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodin |first=Dan |date=2019-07-18 |title=My browser, the spy: How extensions slurped up browsing histories from 4M users |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/07/dataspii-inside-the-debacle-that-dished-private-data-from-apple-tesla-blue-origin-and-4m-people/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>Fowler, Geoffrey A. (2019-07-19). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/07/18/i-found-your-data-its-sale/ Perspective | I found your data. It's for sale]". ''Washington Post''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-03-04.</ref> Branding itself as the "God mode for the internet," NA granted its free and paid members the ability to access real-time Jira and Confluence data from Atlassian's cloud and on-premise products, impacting thousands of Atlassian customers including [[Reddit]], FireEye, NBC Digital, [[BuzzFeed]], AlienVault, [[Cardinal Health]], T-Mobile, and [[Under Armour]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jadali |first=Sam |date=2019-07-18 |title=DataSpii - A global catastrophic data leak via browser extensions |url=https://securitywithsam.com/2019/07/dataspii-leak-via-browser-extensions/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Security with Sam |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DataSpii Impacted Companies |url=https://securitywithsam.com/dataspii-impacted-companies/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Security with Sam |language=en-US}}</ref>

Ars Technica's coverage of Jadali's findings highlighted DataSpii's ability to disseminate sensitive Atlassian Jira data, including Blue Origin staff's competitor discussions and technical issues with sensors, equipment and manifolds.

DataSpii circumvented the most effective security measures, enabling the unauthorized dissemination of Jira data from the internal corporate networks of leading cybersecurity firms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jadali |first=Sam |date=2019-07-18 |title=DataSpii - A global catastrophic data leak via browser extensions |url=https://securitywithsam.com/2019/07/dataspii-leak-via-browser-extensions/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Security with Sam |language=en-US}}</ref> This resulted in the real-time leakage of Jira tickets containing the cybersecurity issues of entities such as the Pentagon, Bank of America, AT&T, and others.<ref>Sam Jadali [@sam_jadali] (December 5, 2019). "[https://twitter.com/sam_jadali/status/1202691665451864064/photo/1 Multibillion dollar cybersecurity companies leaked client data including government (Pentagon) and corporate data (BofA, AT&T, Novartis, Orange, and KP) in the #DataSpii browser extension leak. See attached for heavily redacted screenshot]" ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]]) – via [[Twitter|X]].</ref> Jadali's investigation revealed that DDMR facilitated rapid dissemination of the data to additional third parties, often within minutes of acquisition, endangering the privacy of the sensitive data collected.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodin |first=Dan |date=2019-07-18 |title=More on DataSpii: How extensions hide their data grabs—and how they're discovered |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/07/dataspii-technical-deep-dive/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>

== Sales model ==
Atlassian operates under the principle that "software should be bought, not sold." Instead of running a traditional sales team, they opted to build a self-service purchase experience. This was considered risky in the early 2000s, but the strategy worked better than expected when they awoke one morning to an order form from [[American Airlines]] in the fax machine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=20 years of Atlassian, 20 lessons learned |url=https://www.atlassian.com/blog/announcements/atlassian-founders-20-years-20-lessons |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=Work Life by Atlassian |language=en-US}}</ref> While a majority of sales are made through their website,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Douglas MacMillan |date=8 April 2014 |title=Atlassian Valued at $3.3 Billion Selling Business Software Sans Salespeople |work=Wall Street Journal Digits blog |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/04/08/atlassian-valued-at-3-3-billion-selling-business-software-sans-salespeople/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202040838/http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/04/08/atlassian-valued-at-3-3-billion-selling-business-software-sans-salespeople/ |archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> Atlassian also runs a partner program where solution partners not only provide knowledge about Atlassian products but can also assist with product implementation and configuration depending on their partner classification.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlassian |title=Atlassian Partners: Receive Product Support |url=https://www.atlassian.com/partners |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=Atlassian |language=en}}</ref><ref name="44F">{{Cite web |last=Player |first=Chris |title=Atlassian's partner program comes of age |url=https://www.arnnet.com.au/article/608410/atlassian-partner-program-comes-age/}}</ref><ref name="45F">{{Cite web |last=Teal |first=Kelly |date=5 September 2019 |title=Atlassian 'Doubling Down' on Cloud Means More Margin for Partners |url=https://www.channelfutures.com/cloud-2/atlassian-doubling-down-on-cloud-means-more-margin-for-partners}}</ref>

== Acquisitions and product announcements ==
Additional products include [[Crucible (software)|Crucible]], [[FishEye (software)|FishEye]], Bamboo, and [[Clover (software)|Clover]], which target programmers working with a code base. FishEye, Crucible, and Clover came into Atlassian's portfolio by acquiring another Australian software company, Cenqua, in 2007.<ref name="13Cenqua">{{Cite web |last=Burnette |first=Ed |title=Atlassian acquires Cenqua, drops .NET |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/atlassian-acquires-cenqua-drops-net/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619054020/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/burnette/atlassian-acquires-cenqua-drops-net/357 |archive-date=19 June 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |publisher=[[ZDNet]]}}</ref> In 2010, Atlassian acquired [[Bitbucket]], a [[hosted service]] for code collaboration.<ref name="14LR">{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Leena |title=Atlassian Buys Mercurial Project Hosting Site BitBucket |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/09/29/atlassian-buys-mercurial-project-hosting-site-bitbucket/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514103831/http://techcrunch.com/2010/09/29/atlassian-buys-mercurial-project-hosting-site-bitbucket/ |archive-date=14 May 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |website=Tech Crunch|date=29 September 2010 }}</ref>

In 2012, Atlassian acquired [[HipChat]], an instant messenger for workplace environments. Then in May 2012, Atlassian Marketplace was introduced as a website where customers can download [[plug-in (computing)|plug-ins]] for various Atlassian products.<ref name="15blog">{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Kyle |title=Browse, Try, Buy, on Atlassian Marketplace |url=https://blogs.atlassian.com/2012/05/browse-try-buy-on-atlassian-marketplace |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701215658/http://blogs.atlassian.com/2012/05/browse-try-buy-on-atlassian-marketplace/ |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |website=Atlassian Blogs}}</ref><ref name="16Alex">{{Cite web |date=6 June 2012 |title=Atlassian announces app store for app developers |url=https://www.sdtimes.com/link/36686 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510172751/http://www.sdtimes.com/link/36686 |archive-date=10 May 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |website=[[SD Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlassian Launches A Marketplace For Project Management Add-Ons |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/30/atlassian-marketplace/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812121112/https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/30/atlassian-marketplace/ |archive-date=12 August 2016 |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=Tech Crunch|date=30 May 2012 }}</ref> That same year Atlassian also released Stash, a [[Git (software)|Git]] repository for enterprises, later renamed Bitbucket Server.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frederic Lardinois |date=22 September 2015 |title=Atlassian Updates Its Git Services, Combines Them Under The Bitbucket Brand |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/22/atlassian-updates-its-git-services-combines-them-under-the-bitbucket-brand/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202042009/https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/22/atlassian-updates-its-git-services-combines-them-under-the-bitbucket-brand/ |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=25 January 2017 |website=Tech Crunch}}</ref> Also, [[Doug Burgum]] became chairman of its board of directors in July 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Apostolou |first=Natalie |date=20 July 2012 |title=Atlassian heading for the exit? New Board members have extensive experience selling software companies to the big boys |work=The Register |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/07/20/atlassian_upgrade_board/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202033553/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/07/20/atlassian_upgrade_board/ |archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2013, Atlassian announced a Jira [[service desk]] product with full [[service-level agreement]] support.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Darrow |first=Barb |date=2 October 2013 |title=Atlassian parlays Jira issue tracking tool in service desk world |url=https://gigaom.com/2013/10/02/atlassian-parlays-jira-into-service-desk-world/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202033337/https://gigaom.com/2013/10/02/atlassian-parlays-jira-into-service-desk-world/ |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=25 January 2017 |website=Giga Om}}</ref>

In May 2015, the company announced its acquisition of work chat company Hall, intending to migrate all of Hall's customers across to its chat product [[HipChat]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2015 |title=Atlassian buys rival work chat tool Hall |work=Business Spectator / The Australian Business Review |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/business-spectator/atlassian-buys-rival-work-chat-tool-hall/news-story/8bd8621ad0250b797b15d0e810885235?nk=1d70575acc1b6530e40e1fbc761c73e8-1500467262}}</ref> In April 2015, Atlassian announced that it had acquired Blue Jimp—the company behind [[Jitsi]]—to expand its video capabilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/atlassian-acquires-video-conferencing-company-blue-jimp/ |title=Atlassian acquires video conferencing company Blue Jimp |date=21 April 2015 |work=[[ZDNet]] |first=Leon |last=Spencer}}</ref>

A small startup called Dogwood Labs in [[Denver]], Colorado, which had a product called StatusPage (that hosts pages updating customers during outages and maintenance), was acquired in July 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |date=14 July 2016 |title=Atlassian acquires StatusPage |work=Tech Crunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/14/atlassian-acquires-statuspage/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119052526/https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/14/atlassian-acquires-statuspage/ |archive-date=19 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Ben |date=16 July 2016 |title=Denver tech company bought, moving to San Francisco |work=Denver Business Journal |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/denver/news/2016/07/18/denver-tech-company-bought-moving-to-san-francisco.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031628/http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/news/2016/07/18/denver-tech-company-bought-moving-to-san-francisco.html |archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

In January 2017, Atlassian announced the purchase of [[Trello]] for $425 million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |date=9 January 2017 |title=Atlassian acquires Trello for $425M |work=Tech Crunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/09/atlassian-acquires-trello/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129015511/https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/09/atlassian-acquires-trello/ |archive-date=29 January 2017}}</ref> On 7 September 2017, the company launched Stride, a web chat alternative to [[Slack (software)|Slack]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |title=Atlassian launches Stride, its Slack competitor {{!}} TechCrunch |date=7 September 2017 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/07/atlassian-launches-stride-its-slack-competitor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907134536/https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/07/atlassian-launches-stride-its-slack-competitor/ |archive-date=7 September 2017 |access-date=7 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 September 2017 |title=Atlassian launches Stride, the latest would-be Slack killer |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-atlassian-stride/atlassian-launches-stride-the-latest-would-be-slack-killer-idUSKCN1BI1R6 |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910013959/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-atlassian-stride/atlassian-launches-stride-the-latest-would-be-slack-killer-idUSKCN1BI1R6 |archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> Less than a year later, on 26 July 2018, Atlassian announced it was going to exit the chat business, that it had sold the intellectual property for HipChat and Stride to competitor [[Slack Technologies|Slack]], and that it was going to shut down HipChat and Stride in 2019. As part of the deal, Atlassian took a small stake in Slack.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bass |first1=Dina |last2=Huet |first2=Ellen |date=26 July 2018 |title=Goodbye HipChat: Slack and Atlassian Team Up on Chat Software |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-26/slack-and-atlassian-team-up-to-take-on-microsoft-in-chat-software |access-date=4 July 2019 |website=www.bloomberg.com |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref>

On 4 September 2018, the company acquired OpsGenie (a tool that generates alerts for helpdesk tickets) for $295 million.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Grant |first1=Nico |last2=Bass |first2=Dina |date=4 September 2018 |title=Atlassian Buys OpsGenie to Expand in ServiceNow's Market |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-04/atlassian-buys-opsgenie-to-expand-in-servicenow-s-market |access-date=4 September 2018 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}}</ref> In October 2018, the company announced that it was selling Jitsi to [[8x8]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/10/29/atlassian-sells-jitsi-an-open-source-videoconferencing-tool-it-acquired-in-2015-to-8x8/ |title=Atlassian sells Jitsi, an open-source videoconferencing tool it acquired in 2015, to 8×8 |date=29 October 2018 |work=[[TechCrunch]] |first=Ingrid |last=Lunden}}</ref>

On 18 March 2019, the company announced that it had acquired Agilecraft for $166 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlassian acquires AgileCraft for $166M |date=18 March 2019 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/18/atlassian-acquires-agilecraft-for-166m |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=Techcrunch}}</ref> On 17 October 2019, Atlassian completed the acquisition of Code Barrel, makers of "Automation for Jira", available on Jira Marketplace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlassian acquires Code Barrel, makers of Automation for Jira |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/10/17/atlassian-acquires-code-barrel-makers-of-automation-for-jira/ |access-date=30 September 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]]|date=17 October 2019 }}</ref>

On 12 May 2020, Atlassian acquired {{proper name|Halp}}, a tool that generates helpdesk tickets from Slack conversations,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlassian acquires help desk firm Halp |date=12 May 2020 |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/3543272/atlassian-acquires-help-desk-firm-halp.html |accessdate=28 February 2022}}</ref> for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlassian acquires Halp to bring Slack integration to the forefront |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/12/atlassian-acquires-halp-to-bring-slack-integration-to-the-forefront/ |access-date=14 May 2019 |publisher=Techcrunch}}</ref> On 30 July 2020, Atlassian announced the acquisition of Mindville, a provider of [[IT service management]] software, for an undisclosed amount.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Atlassian acquires asset management company Mindville |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/07/30/atlassian-acquires-asset-management-company-mindville/?tpcc=ECTW2020 |access-date=30 September 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]]| date=30 July 2020 }}</ref>

On 26 February 2021, Atlassian acquired the cloud-based visualization and analytics company Chartio.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dignan |first=Larry |title=Atlassian acquires Chartio, plans to add data visualization to Jira |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/atlassian-acquires-chartio-plans-to-add-data-visualization-to-jira/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=ZDNet |language=en}}</ref>

On 19 April 2023, Atlassian announced a set of new features, branded as "Atlassian Intelligence", which integrate technology from [[OpenAI]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlassian taps OpenAI to make its collaboration software smarter |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/19/atlassian-taps-openai-for-atlassian-intelligence-generative-ai-launch.html |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=cnbc.com |language=en}}</ref>

On 12 October 2023, Atlassian agreed to buy video messaging company [[Loom, Inc.|Loom]] for US$975 million, with the intention to integrate Loom's technology into its existing services.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sriram |first=Akash |date=12 October 2023 |title=Atlassian to buy video messaging provider Loom for nearly $1 billion |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/atlassian-agrees-buy-video-messaging-provider-loom-nearly-1-bln-2023-10-12/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Biggs |first=Tim |date=13 October 2023 |title=Atlassian bets big on remote work with $1.5b acquisition |url=https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/atlassian-bets-on-remote-future-snaps-up-async-video-firm-loom-for-1-5b-20231013-p5ebzb.html |work=Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>

In April 2024, Atlassian released Rovo, a set of search and automation tools which use AI.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lardinois |first1=Frederic |title=Atlassian launches Rovo, its new AI teammate |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/05/01/atlassian-launches-rovo-its-new-ai-teammate/ |website=TechCrunch |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=1 May 2024}}</ref>

On 29 August 2024, Atlassian acquired the AI-powered meeting recorder company Rewatch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |title=Atlassian acquires Rewatch as it gets into AI meeting bots |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/08/29/atlassian-acquires-rewatch-as-it-gets-into-ai-meeting-bots/ |date=29 August 2024 |access-date=2 September 2024 |website=TechCrunch |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Atlassian}}
* {{Official website|https://www.atlassian.com/}}{{Finance links
| name = Atlassian Corporation
| symbol = TEAM
| sec_cik = 1650372
| google = TEAM:NASDAQ
| yahoo = TEAM
| bloomberg = TEAM:US
| reuters = TEAM.OQ
}}

{{Atlassian}}
{{NASDAQ-100}}
{{authority control|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Atlassian| ]]
[[Category:2015 initial public offerings]]
[[Category:Australian brands]]
[[Category:Companies based in Sydney]]
[[Category:Software companies of Australia]]
[[Category:Software companies established in 2002]]
[[Category:Australian companies established in 2002]]

[[Category:Development software companies]]

AIA Group

2024-09-26T18:35:01Z

212.58.103.78: Founded by Cornelius Vander Starr

{{short description|Hong Kong-based multinational insurance and finance company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2018}}
{{primary sources|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox company
| name = AIA Group Limited
| native_name = 友邦保險控股有限公司
| native_name_lang = zh
| logo = AIA Group logo.svg
| logo_size = 125px
| image = AIA Tower 2013.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| image_caption = Headquarters at [[AIA Central]] in [[Hong Kong]]
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| brands =
| traded_as = {{hkex|1299}} [[Hang Seng Index|Hang Seng Component]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|1919|12|19}} in [[Shanghai]] (as American Asiatic Underwriters, later known as [[American International Group|AIG]]) {{start date and age|df=y|2009|12|01}} in [[New York City]] (as American International Assurance Company, Limited)<ref name="AIGAIA"/>
| founder = [[Cornelius Vander Starr]]
| location = [[AIA Central]] [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]], Hong Kong
| key_people = Lee Yuan Siong ([[President (corporate title)|President]] & [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| area_served = Asia-Pacific
| industry = Insurance and [[financial services]]
| products = {{hlist|[[Life insurance]]|accident and health insurance|savings plans|employee benefits|variable contracts|investments|securities|credit life and pension services}}
| market cap =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets = US$284 billion (as of 31 December 2019)<ref name=10k>{{cite web|url=http://www.aia.com/en/for-media/fact-sheet/ |title=AIA Fact Sheet |publisher=AIA Group Limited |access-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925121224/http://www.aia.com/en/for-media/fact-sheet/ |archive-date=25 September 2015 }}</ref>
| equity =
| num_employees =
| homepage = {{url|aia.com}}
| parent =
| subsid =
}}
'''AIA Group Limited''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aia.com/en/about-aia/about-us/corporate-facts/ |title=AIA corporate facts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510174339/http://www.aia.com/en/about-aia/about-us/corporate-facts/ |archive-date=10 May 2013 }}</ref> often known as '''AIA''' ({{zh|s=友邦保險|p=Yǒubāng Bǎoxiǎn|j=Jau5 bong1 bou2 him2}}), is an American-Hong Kong–based [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[insurance]] and finance corporation. It is the largest publicly traded [[life insurance]] group in the [[Asia-Pacific]] region. It offers insurance and financial services, writing life insurance for individuals and businesses, as well as accident and health insurance, and offers retirement planning, and wealth management services, variable contracts, investments and securities.

AIA is headquartered in [[Central, Hong Kong]], with a presence in 18 markets in Asia-Pacific, with wholly-owned branches and subsidiaries in Hong Kong, mainland China, Taiwan, Macau, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, [[AIA Philippines|the Philippines]], Indonesia, Vietnam, Brunei, Cambodia, Myanmar, Australia, New Zealand, [[Sri Lanka]] and a 49% joint venture in India. Since 2013, AIA has had an exclusive [[bancassurance]] agreement with [[Citibank]] that encompasses 11 AIA markets in Asia-Pacific.

In August 2013, AIA became the official shirt partner of the [[Premier League|English Premier League]] football club [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]. AIA's contract with Tottenham was renewed in May 2017 to extend through the [[2021–22 Premier League]] season, and again in July 2019 to extend that date to the end of the 2026–27 season.

In February 2019, AIA signed a two-year deal to become the main sponsor of the [[Singapore Premier League]]. The arrangement was later extended to the end of the [[2022 Singapore Premier League|2022 season]], with an option for another three years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Meng |first=Wang Meng |date=2019-02-23 |title=Football: AIA Singapore unveiled as new Singapore Premier League title sponsor |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/football-insurance-group-aia-unveiled-as-new-singapore-premier-league-title-sponsor |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AIA Singapore extends title sponsorship of Singapore Premier League {{!}} AIA Singapore |url=https://www.aia.com.sg/en/about-aia/media-centre/press-releases/2021/aia-singapore-extends-title-sponsorship-of-singapore-premier-league |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=www.aia.com.sg}}</ref>

== History ==
{{See also|American International Group}}
AIA traces its roots to 19 December 1919 when [[Cornelius Vander Starr]] founded what was then known as American Asiatic Underwriters in [[Shanghai]], China (later American International Underwriters). Starr eventually expanded his business throughout the world. On 21 January 1939, Starr relocated his head office from Shanghai to New York City after the Japanese invasion of China and again on 5 April 1949 with the communist takeover of mainland China, and the Chinese AIA became a subsidiary of New York-based [[American International Group]] (AIG).

On 1 December 2009, AIG sold preferred equity interests in two newly formed international life insurance subsidiaries, American International Assurance Company, Limited (AIA) and [[American Life Insurance Company]] (ALICO), to the [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York]] to reduce its debt by US$25 billion.<ref name="AIGAIA">{{Cite web |url=http://ir.aigcorporate.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=76115&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1360144&highlight= |title=AIG closes two transactions that reduce debt that IAG owes Federal Reserve Bank of New York by $25 billion |archive-date=15 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415134312/http://ir.aigcorporate.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=76115&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1360144&highlight= |url-status=dead |access-date=1 October 2023 |date=1 December 2009}}</ref>

AIA had planned to be listed company in [[Hong Kong Stock Exchange]] and [[Securities and Futures Commission]] on 3 April 2010. However, on 2 March 2010, [[Prudential PLC]], a UK-based financial services and securities company, announced that it would buy AIA for US$35.5 billion.<ref>{{cite web| title = Prudential Plc to Buy AIA for $35.5 Billion to Expand in Asia
| work = [[Bloomberg BusinessWeek]]| url = http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-03-01/prudential-plc-to-buy-aia-for-35-5-billion-to-expand-in-asia.html
| access-date = 1 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100404150333/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-03-01/prudential-plc-to-buy-aia-for-35-5-billion-to-expand-in-asia.html| archive-date= 4 April 2010 | url-status= dead}}</ref> The purchase later fell through, and AIA held an [[initial public offering|IPO]] in October 2010, raising approximately HK$159.08 billion (US$20.51 billion), which at the time was the world's third largest IPO ever <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aia.com/en/resources/35395b804791f3e2ab10aff239f692a9/8_AIA_Press_Release_FINAL_ENG_29Oct2010.pdf |title=AIA's successful listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange |date=19 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090815/http://www.aia.com/en/resources/35395b804791f3e2ab10aff239f692a9/8_AIA_Press_Release_FINAL_ENG_29Oct2010.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> (currently sixth as of June 2023). <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/011215/top-10-largest-global-ipos-all-time.asp |title=Top 10 Largest Global IPOs of All Time |date=29 June 2023}}</ref>

On 11 September 2012, AIA acquired a 92.3% stake in Sri Lankan insurer Aviva NDB Insurance from British insurer Aviva and Sri Lanka's National Development Bank (NDB). AIA also entered into an exclusive 20-year [[bancassurance]] agreement with NDB, one of Sri Lanka's largest financial conglomerates with a nationwide bank branch network.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aia.com/en/resources/1855d6004cdbbd208507ad9a6c3b0c76/AIA_Press_Release_Eng_27Sep2012.pdf |title=AIA Acquires Leading Sri Lankan Insurance Company |date=27 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070250/http://www.aia.com/en/resources/1855d6004cdbbd208507ad9a6c3b0c76/AIA_Press_Release_Eng_27Sep2012.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>

On 7 October 2012, AIA acquired [[ING Group]]'s Malaysian insurance subsidiaries for a cash consideration of €1.336 billion (US$1.73 billion).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aia.com/en/resources/af261d804d087c4ba835ac9a6c3b0c76/AIA_Group_Acquisition_Press_Release_11102012_en.pdf |title=AIA Extends Pan-Asian Leadership Position with Acquisition of ING Malaysia |date=11 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053508/http://www.aia.com/en/resources/af261d804d087c4ba835ac9a6c3b0c76/AIA_Group_Acquisition_Press_Release_11102012_en.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>

On 21 December 2012, AIG sold all of its 13.69% shareholding in AIA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aia.com/en/resources/9c5d5b804dd946d4847d94aaf44b317c/AIA_group_press_release_20121218a_en.pdf |title=AIG Divests Remaining Holding in AIA, Marking a Milestone in AIA's History |date=18 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525234530/http://www.aia.com/en/resources/9c5d5b804dd946d4847d94aaf44b317c/AIA_group_press_release_20121218a_en.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2013 }}</ref>

Since 2 June 2013, AIA has had an exclusive [[bancassurance]] agreement with [[Citibank]] that encompasses 11 AIA markets in Asia-Pacific, namely Hong Kong, mainland China, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Australia, and India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aia.com/en/resources/b6538700423d6cdaa48cee0f2cbf0f90/AIA_press_release_19122013_en.pdf |title=AIA Further Strengthens Pan-Asian Leadership through Exclusive Long-Term Bancassurance Partnership with Citibank in 11 Markets |date=19 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207220603/http://www.aia.com/en/resources/b6538700423d6cdaa48cee0f2cbf0f90/AIA_press_release_19122013_en.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2016 }}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of insurance companies in Hong Kong]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Finance links
| symbol = 1299
| google = HKG:+1299
| yahoo = 1299.HK
| bloomberg = 1299:HK
| reuters = 1299.HK
}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090411212550/http://www.aia.com/ AIA Group Limited]

{{Insurance industry in China}}
{{Major insurance companies}}
{{Hang Seng Index}}
{{S&P Asia 50}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Insurance companies of Hong Kong|American International Assurance]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1919]]
[[Category:2010 initial public offerings]]
[[Category:Companies in the Hang Seng Index]]
[[Category:Conglomerate companies of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Companies in the S&P Asia 50]]

Cornelius Vander Starr

2024-09-26T18:34:24Z

212.58.103.78:

{{Short description|American businessman}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Cornelius Vander Starr
| image = Cornelius Vander Starr.jpg
| birth_date = October 15, 1892
| birth_place = [[Fort Bragg, California|Fort Bragg]], California, U.S.
| death_date = December 20, 1968 (aged 76)
| alma_mater = [[University of California, Berkeley]]
| occupation = Businessman
| nationality =
| other_names = Neil Starr, C. V. Starr
| known_for = Founder of [[C.V. Starr & Co.]] and the [[American International Group]]

[[AIA Group]]

}}

'''Cornelius Vander Starr''' (October 15, 1892 – December 20, 1968), sometimes known as '''Neil Starr''', was an American businessman and founder of C.V. Starr & Co. (later known as [[Starr Companies]]) in Shanghai, China, which became insurance giant [[AIG]] and [[AIA Group]]

AIG grew from an initial market value of $300 million to $180 billion, becoming the largest insurance company in the world.{{as of when|date=August 2024}}

==Early life==
Starr was born to parents of [[Dutch people|Dutch]] ancestry. His father was a [[railroad engineer]].<ref name="aig">{{cite web|url=http://starrfoundation.org/cv_starr_book.pdf|title=Cornelius Vander Starr 1892-1968|accessdate=April 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417223423/http://www.starrfoundation.org/cv_starr_book.pdf|archive-date=April 17, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Starr attended [[University of California, Berkeley]] from 1910 to 1911 before dropping out and returning to his hometown of [[Fort Bragg, California]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/24_tiencenter.shtml|title=06.24.2004 - Tien Center project reaches $42 million goal; construction set to begin on new East Asian library next year|website=www.berkeley.edu|access-date=May 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/10/16_eal.shtml|title=10.16.2007 - New C.V. Starr East Asian Library to be dedicated at UC Berkeley|website=www.berkeley.edu|language=en-US|access-date=May 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://exhibitions.library.columbia.edu/exhibits/show/cvstarr|title=Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions {{!}} Cornelius Vander Starr, His Life and Work|website=exhibitions.library.columbia.edu|language=en-US|access-date=May 13, 2018}}</ref> There he began his first business venture, selling [[ice cream]], at the age of nineteen.

He joined the U.S. Army in 1918 but was never deployed overseas because [[World War I]] had ended. Unable to resist a strong urge to travel and understand the world, he joined the [[Pacific Mail Steamship Company]] as a clerk in [[Yokohama]], [[Japan]]. Later that year, he traveled to [[Shanghai]] where he worked for several [[insurance]] businesses.

==Starr Companies==
In 1919 he founded what was then known as [[AIA Group|American Asiatic Underwriters]] (later American International Underwriters) in [[Shanghai]], [[China]], a global insurance and investment organization. He was forced to move his operation to New York in 1939, when Japan invaded China.<ref name=fritz/> Starr worked for the [[Office of Strategic Services]] during [[World War II]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Roosevelt and Churchill: men of secrets |page=[https://archive.org/details/rooseveltchurchi00staf/page/260 260] |author=David Stafford |url=https://archive.org/details/rooseveltchurchi00staf |url-access=registration |publisher=Overlook Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-58567-068-0}}</ref> and found himself engaged in such work as establishing the OSS insurance intelligence unit with [[William J. Donovan|William "Wild Bill" Donovan]] in 1943 and serving as the chief operative behind former [[U.S. Army Air Force]] officer [[Claire L. Chennault]]. Chennault is best known for coordinating the OSS-bankrolled [[American Volunteer Group]] (better known as the "Flying Tigers") to bring the fight to the Japanese without a [[declaration of war]] and return Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-shek]] to dominance in China. Starr and the OSS later backed Chiang over Communist leader [[Mao Zedong]].

In 2000, war correspondent and author [[Mark Fritz]] wrote in the article entitled ''The Secret (Insurance) Agent Men'' for the [[Los Angeles Times]]:

<blockquote>They knew which factories to burn, which bridges to blow up, which cargo ships could be sunk in good conscience. They had pothole counts for roads used for invasion and head counts for city blocks marked for incineration. They weren't just secret agents. They were secret insurance agents. These undercover underwriters gave their World War II spymasters access to a global industry that both bankrolled and, ultimately, helped bring down [[Adolf Hitler]]'s Third Reich.<ref name=fritz>[[Mark Fritz|Fritz, Mark]]. [[iarchive:fritz-mark.-the-secret-insurance-agent-man.-los-angeles-times-september-22-2000-pp.-a-1-a-7|"The Secret (Insurance) Agent Men."]] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (September 22, 2000): A7, A12. [https://archive.today/20210704202807/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-22-mn-25118-story.html Archived] from [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-22-mn-25118-story.html the original.] "Newly declassified U.S. intelligence files tell the remarkable story of the ultra-secret Insurance Intelligence Unit, a component of the [[Office of Strategic Services]], a forerunner of the [[CIA]], and its [[X-2 Counter Espionage Branch|elite counterintelligence branch X-2]]." (p. A7)</ref></blockquote>

After World War II, Starr hired O.S.S. captain [[Duncan Lee]], a lawyer, who became the long-term general counsel of AIG.

AIG left China in early 1949, as Mao led the advance of the Communist [[People's Liberation Army]] on Shanghai,<ref>{{cite book | title= Current Biography Yearbook | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=P4oYAAAAIAAJ&q=%22AIG+abandoned+China+completely+in+1949%22 | last= Thompson | first= Clifford |author2=Block, Maxine |author3=Moritz, Charles |author4=Rothe, Anna Herthe |author5=Candee, Marjorie Dent | year= 1941 | page= 247 | publisher= [[H. W. Wilson Company]] | quote= AIG abandoned China completely in 1949, as the Communist People's Liberation Army, led by Mao Zedong, advanced on Shanghai. | edition= 60th | series= [[Current Biography]] | accessdate= March 17, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign Office Files for China, 1949-1976 |url=http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/fo_china_part_1/Publishers-Note.aspx |publisher=Adam Matthew Publications |quote=By the spring of 1949 [the Communists] had captured Peking, the former Nationalist capital city of Nanking and the important trading city of Shanghai. |work=Part 1: Complete Files for 1949: Publisher's Note |accessdate=March 17, 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013085518/http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/fo_china_part_1/Publishers-Note.aspx |archivedate=October 13, 2008 }}</ref> and Starr moved the company headquarters to its current home in New York City.<ref>{{cite news | title= AIG: What does this US giant do? | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7621574.stm | date= September 17, 2008 | publisher= BBC News | quote= In 1949 [Cornelius Vander Starr] moved the company's headquarters to New York where it remains today. | accessdate= March 17, 2009}}</ref> AIG was the world's largest insurance company, and as of 2021 remains unchallenged in that respect.<ref name=schner>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cddq9_6Hq_k "Maurice Greenberg and David Schner Dialogue"] (video). [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO6umPTpY5JksvKC_ZH9CqF6EDhR9KI2B ''A Centenary Story of C.V. Starr & Co: China and the US in 2018 and Beyond''.] Hosted by the [[Bank of China]] / China General Chamber of Commerce (USA), New York City, September 6, 2018. 26 min.</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:C.V. Starr Laboratory, MBL.jpg|thumb|C.V. Starr Laboratory at the [[Marine Biological Laboratory]] at [[Woods Hole, Massachusetts]]]]
In 1955 he founded the [[The Starr Foundation|C. V. Starr Foundation]], to which he left his entire residuary estate, after a small amount in the eight figures along with his home in [[Brewster, New York|Brewster]] was awarded to his niece upon his death in 1968. He set up several other trusts for his close relatives. The sum of money left to his niece and relatives (not including the majority of his wealth left to charity) would have been worth several billion USD in the 21st century. Since its founding, the foundation has made more than $3.8 billion in grants worldwide in education, medicine and healthcare, human needs, public policy, culture, and the environment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://starrfoundation.org/ |title=The Starr Foundation |publisher=The Starr Foundation |accessdate=October 8, 2019}}</ref>

The [[C.V. Starr East Asian Library]] at [[Columbia University]] was named for Starr in recognition of an endowment gift by the Starr Foundation in 1981. Starr's alma mater, [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]], is also home to the C. V. Starr East Asian Library, which houses 900,000 volumes in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other East Asian languages, making it one of the top two such collections in the United States outside of the [[Library of Congress]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EAL/about/about.html |title=About EAL |publisher=Lib.berkeley.edu |accessdate=October 8, 2012}}</ref> Students at [[Hofstra University]] will know C.V. Starr Hall as home to the [[Frank G. Zarb School of Business]], a state-of-the-art technologically advanced building, which opened for classes in the fall of 2000 and houses the Martin B. Greenberg Trading Room complete with a stock ticker that is delayed only 15 minutes from [[Wall Street]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hofstra.edu/Academics/Colleges/zarb/zarb_facility.html |title=Buildings and Facilities - Frank G. Zarb School of Business - Hofstra University |publisher=Hofstra.edu |accessdate=October 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918012300/http://www.hofstra.edu/Academics/Colleges/Zarb/zarb_facility.html |archive-date=September 18, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[C.V. Starr Center for the Study of the American Experience]] in [[Chestertown, MD]], works in conjunction with [[Washington College]] to promote the American Pictures Series at the [[National Portrait Gallery (United States)|National Portrait Gallery]] in Washington D.C.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://starrcenter.washcoll.edu/ |title=The C.V. Starr Center for the Study of the American Experience |publisher=Starrcenter.washcoll.edu |date=September 27, 2012 |accessdate=October 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012003214/http://starrcenter.washcoll.edu/ |archive-date=October 12, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Starr was also an early investor in skiing at [[Mount Mansfield]] in [[Stowe, Vermont]],<ref name=epic>[http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/local/2015/03/05/stowe-mountain-resort/24407247/ The epic history of Stowe Mountain Resort]</ref> acquiring the [[Stowe Mountain Resort]] in 1949. It passed on to AIG in 1988.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/25/realestate/luxury/at-stoic-old-stowe-a-new-era.html?pagewanted=all|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=HAVENS; At Stoic Old Stowe, a New Era|accessdate=March 4, 2008 | first=Julia | last=Lawlor | date=February 25, 2005}}</ref> One of the famous Front Four double diamond trails there is named Starr in his honor, as is the base lodge of the Middlebury Bowl, the private ski slope belonging to [[Middlebury College]] in Vermont.

==References==
{{reflist}}
An On-line Exhibition: Cornelius Vander Starr, his life and work: https://exhibitions.library.columbia.edu/exhibits/show/cvstarr / exhibit curator, Ria Koopmans-de Bruijn / Published
New York, N.Y. : C.V. Starr East Asian Library, [2015].

==External links==
*[http://www.starrfoundation.org/ The Starr Foundation] – information about Cornelius Vander Starr.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071001142111/http://starrcenter.washcoll.edu/ C.V. Starr Center for the Study of the American Experience] (archived 1 October 2007)

{{s-start}}
{{s-bus}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of [[American International Group|American International Underwriters]]|years=1919–1968}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Maurice R. Greenberg]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{American International Group}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Starr, Cornelius Vander}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1968 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Mendocino County, California]]
[[Category:American people of Dutch descent]]
[[Category:American expatriates in China]]
[[Category:American International Group people]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Japan]]

Sony Music

2024-09-26T18:31:18Z

212.58.103.78: Redundant

{{Short description|American multinational music recording company}}
{{For|the Japanese operations using this name|Sony Music Entertainment Japan}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sony Music Entertainment
| logo = Sony_Music_Entertainment_Logo_2023.svg
| logo_size = 140px
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2023
| image = Metropolitan Life North Building, Manhattan, New York City.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| image_caption = Headquarters at [[Metropolitan Life North Building|25 Madison Avenue]], [[New York City]]
| former_names = {{plainlist|
* [[American Record Corporation]] (1929–1938)
* [[Columbia Records|Columbia Records, USA]] (1938–1966)
* [[CBS Records International|CBS Records]] (1966–1991)
* [[#1991–2004: Sony Music Entertainment|Sony Music Entertainment, Inc.]] (first incarnation; 1991–2004)
* [[Sony BMG|Sony BMG Music Entertainment]] (2004–2008)
}}
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Music industry|Music]]
| predecessors = {{plainlist|
* [[Victor Talking Machine Company]] (1906–1924)
* [[RCA Victor]] (1924–1985)
* [[Ariola|Ariola Records]] (1937–1985)
* [[Bertelsmann Music Group]] (1985–2004)
}}
| genre = Various
| founded = {{Start date and age|1929|9|9}}
| founder = Louis G. Sylvester
| location = [[Metropolitan Life North Building|25 Madison Avenue]]
| hq_location_city = [[New York City]]
| hq_location_country = United States
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Rob Stringer]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| products = {{ubl|[[Music]]|[[Entertainment]]}}
| revenue = {{increase}} US${{Format price|8858000000}} <ref name= FY2020>[[FY (fiscal year)|FY]] 2020 revenue & operating income: {{cite web| url=https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/IR/library/presen/er/pdf/20q4_sonypre.pdf| title= Consolidated Financial Results for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2021| publisher= Sony| location= Tokyo, Japan| page= 18| date= April 28, 2021| access-date= April 28, 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210428121427/https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/IR/library/presen/er/pdf/20q4_sonypre.pdf| archive-date= April 28, 2021| url-status= live }}</ref>
| revenue_year = FY 2020
| operating_income = {{increase}} US${{Format price| 1742000000}} <ref name= FY2020 />
| income_year = FY 2020
| owner =
| num_employees = 11,100
| num_employees_year = 2023<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000313838/000119312523169510/d433796d20f.htm |title=Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 |website=SEC.gov |access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
| parent = {{plainlist|
[[Sony Music Group]]<ref name="Sony Pictures">{{cite press release|date=March 30, 2012|title=Michael Lynton Named Ceo Of Sony Corporation Of America; Nicole Seligman To Become SCA President|url=http://www.sonypictures.com/corp/press_releases/2012/03_12/20120330_lynton.html|publisher=[[Sony Pictures]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926134039/https://www.sonypictures.com/corp/press_releases/2012/03_12/20120330_lynton.html|archive-date=September 26, 2020|access-date=January 2, 2021}}</ref>
}}
| divisions = See [[List of Sony Music labels|List of Sony Music Entertainment labels]]
| website = {{official URL}}
}}

'''Sony Music Entertainment''' ('''SME'''), commonly known as '''Sony Music''', is an American multinational [[music industry|music company]] owned by [[Sony Entertainment]] and managed by [[Sony Corporation of America|the American umbrella division]] of multinational [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] [[Sony|Sony Group Corporation]]. It is the recording division of the [[Sony Music Group]], with the other half being the publishing division, [[Sony Music Publishing]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Wang|first1=Amy X.|date=July 17, 2019|title=Sony's Music Recording and Music Publishing Companies Are Now One|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/sonys-music-recording-and-music-publishing-companies-are-now-one-860134/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|quote=As part of Sony's business goals to increase collaborations across its entertainment units, be closer to creators and unlock more strategic opportunities, I'd like to inform you that effective August 1, we are bringing together Sony's recorded music and music publishing businesses outside of Japan to create a new Sony Music Group.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516094640/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/sonys-music-recording-and-music-publishing-companies-are-now-one-860134/|archive-date=May 16, 2020|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref>

Founded in 1929 as [[American Record Corporation]], it was acquired by the [[Columbia Broadcasting System]] in 1938 and renamed '''Columbia Recording Corporation'''. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become [[CBS Records International|CBS Records]]. Sony bought the company in 1991 and renamed it SME. In 2004, Sony and [[Bertelsmann]] established a 50–50 joint venture known as [[Sony BMG]] to handle the operations of Sony Music and [[Bertelsmann Music Group]] (BMG), but Sony bought out Bertelsmann's stake four years later and reverted to using the 1991 company name. This buyout led to labels formerly under BMG ownership, including [[Arista Records|Arista]], [[Jive Records|Jive]], [[LaFace Records|LaFace]] and [[J Records]] into former BMG and currently Sony's co-flagship record label, [[RCA Records]], in 2011 and led to the relaunch of BMG as [[BMG Rights Management]]. Arista Records would later be revived in 2018.

On July 17, 2019, Sony announced a merger of Sony Music Entertainment and music publishing arm Sony/ATV to form the Sony Music Group.<ref>{{cite news|last=Christman|first=Ed|date=July 17, 2019|title=Sony Corp. Restructures Music Division, Brings Recorded Music, Sony/ATV Publishing Together Under Rob Stringer|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8520323/sony-corp-restructures-recorded-music-sony-atv-together-rob-stringer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418211333/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8520323/sony-corp-restructures-recorded-music-sony-atv-together-rob-stringer|archive-date=April 18, 2021|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=January 2, 2021}}</ref> The merger was completed on August 1, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|last=Stassen|first=Murray|date=July 17, 2019|title=Rob Stringer to run new Sony Music Group, housing publishing and records, from August 1|url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/rob-stringer-to-run-new-sony-music-group-housing-publishing-and-records-from-august-1/|access-date=August 30, 2019|website=[[Music Business Worldwide]]|quote=Effective August 1, Sony Corporation is bringing together its recorded music and music publishing businesses outside of Japan to form Sony Music Group.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418212539/https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/rob-stringer-to-run-new-sony-music-group-housing-publishing-and-records-from-august-1/|archive-date=April 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Aswad|first=Jem|date=July 17, 2019|title=Sony Unites Recorded Music and Publishing Under One Company|url=https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/sony-unites-recorded-music-and-publishing-under-one-company-1203269951/|quote=The move will take effect on Aug. 1.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418211351/https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/sony-unites-recorded-music-and-publishing-under-one-company-1203269951/|archive-date=April 18, 2021|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|access-date=August 30, 2019}}</ref>

{{As of|2023}}, Sony Music Entertainment is the second largest of the "[[Record label#Major labels|Big Three]]" record companies, behind [[Universal Music Group]] and followed by [[Warner Music Group]]. Its music publishing division [[Sony Music Publishing]] (formerly Sony/ATV) is the largest music publisher in the world.<ref>{{cite news|last=Yamazaki|first=Makiko|date=May 21, 2018|title=Sony in US$2.3 billion deal, becomes the world's biggest music publisher|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sony-outlook-emi-idUSKCN1IN01F|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807110523/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sony-outlook-emi-idUSKCN1IN01F|archive-date=August 7, 2020|work=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|access-date=January 2, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Halperin|first1=Shirley|last2=Aswad|first2=Jem|date=May 21, 2018|title=Sony to Buy Additional 60% Stake in EMI Music Publishing for $2.3 Billion|url=https://variety.com/2018/biz/news/sony-to-buy-additional-60-stake-in-emi-music-publishing-for-2-3-billion-1202818371/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118014844/https://variety.com/2018/biz/news/sony-to-buy-additional-60-stake-in-emi-music-publishing-for-2-3-billion-1202818371/#!|archive-date=January 18, 2021|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|access-date=January 2, 2021}}</ref>

== History ==
=== 1929–1938: American Record Corporation ===
{{Main|American Record Corporation}}
The American Record Corporation (ARC) was founded in 1929 through a merger of several record companies.<ref name= Wald2002>{{cite book| first=Elijah| last=Wald| title=Josh White: Society Blues| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CtXZaQTFLoC&pg=PA28| access-date=July 1, 2013| year=2002| publisher=Routledge Chapman & Hall| isbn=978-0-415-94204-1| page=28| archive-date=August 30, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830155847/http://books.google.com/books?id=-CtXZaQTFLoC&pg=PA28| url-status=live}}</ref> The company grew over the next several years, acquiring other brands such as the [[Columbia Phonograph Company]], including its [[Okeh Records]] subsidiary, in 1934.<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIvx9-aVCHMC&q=arc+%2B+columbia+%2B+1934&pg=PA70| title=Creativity and Innovation in the Music Industry| first=Peter| last=Tschmuck| date=March 14, 2012| publisher=Springer Science & Business Media| isbn=978-3-6422-8429-8| page=70| access-date=June 21, 2015| archive-date=May 14, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514093750/https://books.google.com/books?id=wIvx9-aVCHMC&q=arc+%2B+columbia+%2B+1934&pg=PA70| url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 1938–1970: Columbia/CBS Records ===
In 1938, ARC was acquired by the [[CBS#Early radio years|Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)]] under the guidance of chief executive [[William S. Paley]]. The company was later renamed Columbia Recording Corporation,<ref name="White2006">{{cite book| first=Raymond E.| last=White| title=King of the Cowboys, Queen of the West: Roy Rogers And Dale Evans| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7IZ_-YerLt0C&pg=PA51| access-date=July 1, 2013| date=July 1, 2006| publisher=Popular Press| isbn=978-0-299-21004-5| page=51| archive-date=July 4, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704121421/http://books.google.com/books?id=7IZ_-YerLt0C&pg=PA51| url-status=live}}</ref> and changed again to [[Columbia Records]] Inc. in 1947.<ref>{{cite web| title=Columbia Records paperwork collection| url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2002655160/| website=[[Library of Congress]]| access-date=January 2, 2021| archive-date=March 8, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308121749/https://www.loc.gov/item/2002655160/| url-status=live}}</ref> Edward Wallerstein, who served as the head of Columbia Records since the late 1930s, helped establish the company as a leader in the record industry by spearheading the successful introduction of the [[LP record]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ePUDAAAAMBAJ&q=wallerstein+%2B+columbia+%2B+billboard&pg=PA17| title=Wallerstein Up To Top As Col Boosts White| date=January 3, 1948| access-date=January 2, 2021| magazine=Billboard| page=17| archive-date=May 14, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514093752/https://books.google.com/books?id=ePUDAAAAMBAJ&q=wallerstein+%2B+columbia+%2B+billboard&pg=PA17| url-status=live}}</ref> Columbia's success continued through the 1950s with the launch of [[Epic Records]] in 1953<ref name="Inc.1953">{{cite magazine| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16| title=Columbia's Epic to Bow with Classic, Pop Line| magazine=Billboard| date=September 19, 1953| page=14| issn=0006-2510| access-date=January 2, 2021| archive-date=July 4, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704120732/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZAoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16| url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Date Records]] in 1958.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://rcs-discography.com/rcs/labels/d/d306.htm| title=Date (N.Y.)| archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720060855/http://rcs-discography.com/rcs/labels/d/d306.htm|archive-date=July 20, 2012| website=Rockin' Country Style| url-status=dead| access-date=December 5, 2009}}</ref> By 1962, the Columbia Records productions unit was operating four plants around the United States located in [[Los Angeles, California]]; [[Terre Haute, Indiana]]; [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]]; and [[Pitman, New Jersey]].<ref name="Inc.1962">{{cite news| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15| title=Who Else Has Four Big Plants? (advertisement)| magazine=Billboard| date=June 30, 1962| page=15| issn=0006-2510| access-date=June 24, 2013| archive-date=January 9, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109052959/https://books.google.com/books?id=VBcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15| url-status=live}}</ref>

Columbia's international arm was launched in 1962 under the name "CBS Records", as the company only owned the rights to the Columbia name in North America.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_eQsEAAAAMBAJ| title=For Information About The Sound Heard 'Round The World, See the CBS International Section (Advertisement)|magazine=Billboard| date=March 16, 1963| page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_eQsEAAAAMBAJ/page/n37 40]| issn=0006-2510| access-date=January 2, 2021}}</ref> In 1964, the company began acquiring record companies in other countries for its [[CBS Records International]] unit<ref>{{cite news| title=CBS Banner Pays Off For Columbia Label| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IUUEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22CBS+BANNER%22+%2B+%22MAY+16%22+%2B+1964+%2B+BILLBOARD&pg=PA1| access-date=January 2, 2021| date=May 16, 1964| page=1| first=Lee| last=Zhito| magazine=Billboard| issn=0006-2510| archive-date=May 14, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514093753/https://books.google.com/books?id=IUUEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22CBS+BANNER%22+%2B+%22MAY+16%22+%2B+1964+%2B+BILLBOARD&pg=PA1| url-status=live}}</ref> and established its own UK distribution outfit with the acquisition of [[Oriole Records (UK)|Oriole Records]].<ref>{{cite news| title=It's Official CBS-Oriole Deal| magazine=Billboard| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0iAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3| date=October 3, 1964| page=3| first=Andre| last=de Vekey| issn=0006-2510| access-date=November 28, 2015| archive-date=January 9, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109052959/https://books.google.com/books?id=0iAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3| url-status=live}}</ref>

By 1966, Columbia was renamed CBS Records and was a separate unit of the parent company, CBS-Columbia Group.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0igEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10| title=Leiberson to Helm Group; Other Changes Made in the CBS Guard| magazine=Billboard| date=June 18, 1966| page=10| issn=0006-2510| quote=CBS Records, under [Clive] Davis who had been administrative vice-president of Columbia Records, will continue to produce and market the Columbia, Epic, Harmony, Date, and Okeh record lines and the Columbia [[Legacy Collection]]. ...| access-date=November 28, 2015| archive-date=January 9, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109052959/https://books.google.com/books?id=0igEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/06/10/archives/lieberson-heads-new-cbs-group-put-in-charge-of-activities-outside.html| title=Lieberson Heads New C.B.S. Group. Put in Charge of Activities Outside Broadcasting| date=June 10, 1966| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=August 25, 2012| quote=Goddard Lieberson, one of the more prominent figures in the phonograph recording industry, has been named the president of the C.B.S./Columbia Group, a new unit of the Columbia Broadcasting System for expanded activities in education and music. The unit is part of the company's long-range plans to achieve greater diversification outside the field of broadcasting.| archive-date=July 23, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723004045/https://www.nytimes.com/1966/06/10/archives/lieberson-heads-new-cbs-group-put-in-charge-of-activities-outside.html| url-status=live}}</ref> In March 1968, [[CBS]] and [[Sony]] formed [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan|CBS/Sony Records]], a Japanese business joint venture.<ref>{{cite web |title=CBS/Sony Records is Established in First Round of Capital Deregulation |website=Sony History |url=http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-34/h1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216084152/http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-34/h1.html |archive-date=February 16, 2009}}</ref>

=== 1971–1991: CBS Records Group ===
{{Main|CBS Records International}}
In 1971, CBS Records was expanded into its own "CBS Records Group", with [[Clive Davis]] as its administrative vice president and general manager.<ref name="Inc.1971">{{cite news| title=CBS Restructures; Davis Role Widened| magazine=Billboard| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3| access-date=January 2, 2021| date=July 24, 1971| page=3| issn=0006-2510| archive-date=August 20, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820001349/https://books.google.com/books?id=uwgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3| url-status=live}}</ref> In the 1980s to the early 1990s, the company managed several successful labels, including CBS Associated Records,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j5I4br0t7cwC&q=%22cbs+associated+records%22&pg=PT30 |title=Music Monitor |last=Zuckerman |first=Faye |magazine=Billboard |date=July 21, 1984 |page=31 |access-date=January 2, 2021 |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514093756/https://books.google.com/books?id=j5I4br0t7cwC&q=%22cbs+associated+records%22&pg=PT30 |url-status=live }}</ref> which signed artists including [[Ozzy Osbourne]], [[the Fabulous Thunderbirds]], [[Electric Light Orchestra]], [[Joan Jett]], and [[Henry Lee Summer]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tiQEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22cbs+associated%22+%2B+ozzy+%2B+thunderbirds&pg=RA1-PA7 |title=Pop Albums |magazine=Billboard |date=December 27, 1986 |pages=7–8 |access-date=January 2, 2021 |archive-date=July 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705165550/https://books.google.com/books?id=tiQEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22cbs+associated%22+%2B+ozzy+%2B+thunderbirds&pg=RA1-PA7 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1983, CBS expanded its music publishing business by acquiring the music publishing arm of [[MGM/UA Communications Co.]]<ref>{{cite news| first=Irv| last=Lichtman| title=CBS Songs Grows With MGM/UA Deal| magazine=Billboard| date=January 8, 1983| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT2| via=Google Books| access-date=September 1, 2019| archive-date=May 23, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523054822/https://books.google.com/books?id=PSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT2| url-status=live}}</ref> CBS later sold the print music arm to [[Columbia Pictures]].<ref>{{cite news| first=Irv| last=Lichtman| title=Columbia Pictures To Acquire Big 3| magazine=Billboard| date=February 12, 1983| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT39| via=Google Books| access-date=September 1, 2019| archive-date=May 23, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523054808/https://books.google.com/books?id=9iMEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PT39| url-status=live}}</ref> By 1987, CBS was the only "[[Big Three television networks|big three]]" American TV network to have a co-owned record company.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TQ0EAAAAMBA |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TQ0EAAAAMBAJ/page/n39 40] |quote=...as combined sales of BMG's Ariola and RCA imprints... |title=Will Sales Surpass 16 Million in '99? |last=Lannert |first=John |magazine=Billboard |date=January 16, 1999 |access-date=January 2, 2021}}</ref> With Sony being one of the developers behind the compact disc digital music media, a [[Compact disc#History|compact disc]] production plant was constructed in [[Japan]] under the joint venture, allowing CBS to begin supplying some of the first compact disc releases for the American market in 1983.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/08/business/cbs-sony-inc.html| title=CBS/Sony Inc.| date=December 8, 1982| work=The New York Times| page=D4| url-access=subscription| access-date=July 20, 2009| archive-date=May 11, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511002603/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/08/business/cbs-sony-inc.html| url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1986, CBS sold its music publishing division, CBS Songs, to [[SBK Records|SBK Entertainment]]<ref name="tree">{{cite news |title=CBS Records to Buy Tree, Ending an Era in Nashville |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/04/business/the-media-business-cbs-records-to-buy-tree-ending-an-era-in-nashville.html |last=Pareles |first=Jon |quote=CBS Songs, the record company's publishing arm, was sold in 1986 for $125 million to Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier and Charles Koppelman, who renamed it SBK Entertainment. It is now the second-largest music publishing company. |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 4, 1989 |page=D1 |access-date=January 2, 2021 |archive-date=September 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901212446/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/04/business/the-media-business-cbs-records-to-buy-tree-ending-an-era-in-nashville.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 17, 1987, Sony acquired CBS Records for US$2 billion. CBS Inc., now [[Paramount Global]], retained the rights to the CBS name for music recordings but granted Sony a temporary license to use the CBS name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/SonyHistory/2-22.html#block5 |title=Sony History Chapter22 CBS/Sony Records is Established in First Round of Capital Deregulation |website=Sony Global |access-date=June 16, 2015 |archive-date=May 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507013907/http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/SonyHistory/2-22.html#block5 |url-status=live }}</ref> The sale was completed on January 5, 1988.<ref name="UPI Archives">{{cite news| url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/01/05/Sony-completes-2-billion-purchase-of-CBS-Records/2527568357200/| title=Sony completes $2 billion purchase of CBS Records| website=[[United Press International]]| date=January 5, 1988| access-date=December 3, 2017| archive-date=October 24, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024164249/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/01/05/Sony-completes-2-billion-purchase-of-CBS-Records/2527568357200/| url-status=live}}</ref> [[CBS Corporation]] founded a new [[CBS Records (2006)|CBS Records]] in 2006, which was distributed by Sony through its [[RED Distribution|RED]] subsidiary.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redmusic.com/labels/ |title=Labels |publisher=RED Music |access-date=June 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619004951/http://www.redmusic.com/labels/ |archive-date=June 19, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville-based [[Tree International Publishing]].<ref name="tree"/>

=== 1991–2004: Sony Music Entertainment ===
[[File:Sony Music Entertainment (1991).png|thumb|SME logo used since 1991 to 2004]]
Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark.<ref name="cbs name change">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/16/business/cbs-records-changes-name.html| title=CBS Records Changes Name| date=October 16, 1990| website=Reuters| access-date=July 31, 2009| archive-date=July 25, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033159/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/16/business/cbs-records-changes-name.html| url-status=live}}</ref> The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stevehoffman.tv/forums/showthread.php?t=148350 |title=Epic Records:The vanishing label to-be? |website=Steve Hoffman Music Forums |date=May 9, 2008 |access-date=January 2, 2021 |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928103858/http://www.stevehoffman.tv/forums/showthread.php?t=148350 |url-status=live }}</ref> Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced the [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] label worldwide, which it previously held in the United States and Canada only, after it acquired the international rights to the trademark from [[EMI]] in 1990.<ref name="cbs name change"/> Japan is the only country where Sony does not have rights to the Columbia name as it is controlled by [[Nippon Columbia]], an unrelated company.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/capsule/15/index.html |title=Vol.15 : CBS/Sony Records Inc. Established in 1968 |website=Sony Time Capsule |access-date=January 2, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624234504/https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/capsule/15/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Thus, [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]] issues labels under Sony Records. The Columbia Records trademark's [[rightsholder]] in Spain was [[Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany (BMG)|Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany]], which Sony Music subsequently subsumed via a 2004 merger, and a subsequent 2008 buyout.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WQ8EAAAAMBAJ/page/n65/mode/2up?q=bmg+columbia |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WQ8EAAAAMBAJ/page/n83 76] |quote=When Sony bought CBS, Spain had to keep the name Sony CBS instead of Sony Columbia, until Sony bought the rights to the name Columbia from BMG Spain. |title=The Spanish Star Shines |magazine=Billboard |first=Howell |last=Llewellyn |date=May 27, 2000 |access-date=January 2, 2021}}</ref>

In 1995, Sony and [[Michael Jackson]] formed a joint venture which merged Sony's music publishing operations with Jackson's ATV Music to form [[Sony/ATV Music Publishing]].<ref name="Company1995">{{cite journal| title=Michael Jackson And Sony Enter Joint Publishing Venture Valued At $600 Million |journal=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MDsDAAAAMBAJ |access-date=July 1, 2013 |date=November 27, 1995 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MDsDAAAAMBAJ/page/n35 36–37] |issn=0021-5996 |volume=89 |issue=3}}</ref>

=== 2004–2008: Sony BMG ===
{{Main|Sony BMG}}
[[File:Bertelsmann Music Group Logo.svg|thumb|[[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]] logo used since 2002 to 2004]]
In August 2004, Sony entered a joint venture with an equal partner [[Bertelsmann]], by merging Sony Music and [[Bertelsmann Music Group]], Germany, to establish [[Sony BMG|Sony BMG Music Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/08/05/sony-bmg-bertelsmann-tech_cx_pco_0805paidcontent.html?sh=3c95ff3a4d0c |title=Sony Buys Bertelsmann's 50% Stake In Sony BMG For $1.2B |access-date=January 2, 2021 |journal=[[Forbes]] |first=David |last=Kaplan |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208234842/https://www.forbes.com/2008/08/05/sony-bmg-bertelsmann-tech_cx_pco_0805paidcontent.html?sh=3c95ff3a4d0c |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Sony continued to operate its [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan (Japanese music business)|Japanese music business]] independently from Sony BMG and BMG Japan was made part of the merger.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/IR/news/qfhh7c00000jbz3o-att/081002_SMEJ_G.pdf |title=Acquisition of Shares in BMG Japan Inc. by Sony Music Entertainment Japan Inc. for Sony |publisher=Sony Music Entertainment Japan |date=October 2, 2008 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-date=June 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603090447/http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/IR/news/qfhh7c00000jbz3o-att/081002_SMEJ_G.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The merger made Columbia and Epic sister labels to RCA Records, which was once owned by CBS rival, [[NBC]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/06/business/sale-talk-for-rca-records.html |title=Sale Talk For RCA Records |date=September 6, 1986 |newspaper=The New York Times |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013120342/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/06/business/sale-talk-for-rca-records.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It also started the process of bringing BMG's [[Arista Records]] back under common ownership with its former parent [[Columbia Pictures]], a Sony division since 1989, and brought Arista founder [[Clive Davis]] back into the fold.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.biography.com/search?query=clive+davis |title=Clive Davis |website=[[Biography (TV program)|Biography]] |access-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208234842/https://www.biography.com/search?query=clive+davis |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2017, Davis was still with Sony Music as a chief creative officer.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.yahoo.com/music/s/80-no-break-planned-music-exec-clive-davis-125434897.html| title=At 80, no break planned for music exec Clive Davis| date=March 1, 2013| journal=[[Yahoo!|Yahoo! Entertainment]]| first=Mesfin| last=Fekadu| access-date=June 23, 2015| archive-date=June 23, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623053459/https://www.yahoo.com/music/s/80-no-break-planned-music-exec-clive-davis-125434897.html| url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2008–present: Sony Music revival and restructuring ===
On August 5, 2008, [[Sony Corporation of America]] (SCA) and [[Bertelsmann]] announced that Sony had agreed to acquire Bertelsmann's 50% stake in [[Sony BMG]]. The acquisition was completed on October 1, 2008.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-oct-14-fi-sony14-story.html| title=Sony BMG split-up gives Sony more options| last=Nakashima| first=Ryan| date=October 14, 2008| newspaper=Los Angeles Times| access-date=July 31, 2009| archive-date=February 18, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218184150/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/oct/14/business/fi-sony14| url-status=live}}</ref> On July 1, 2009, SME and [[Independent Online Distribution Alliance|IODA]] announced a strategic partnership to leverage worldwide online retail distribution networks and complementary technologies to support independent labels and music rights holders.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://press.sonymusic.com/2009/07/01/sony-music-entertainment-and-ioda-partner-to-create-leading-digital-distribution-and-services-network-for-independent-rights-holders/ |title=Sony Music Entertainment and IODA announce strategic partnership |publisher=Sony Music Entertainment |date=July 1, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027202557/http://press.sonymusic.com/2009/07/01/sony-music-entertainment-and-ioda-partner-to-create-leading-digital-distribution-and-services-network-for-independent-rights-holders/ |archive-date=October 27, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE56064920090701 |title=Sony Music, IODA Create Digital Network |work=Reuters |access-date=July 1, 2009 |first=Yinka |last=Adegoke |date=July 1, 2009 |archive-date=July 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707094123/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE56064920090701 |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2010, Sony Corp partnered with The Michael Jackson Company in a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/michael-jackson-estate-sony-strike-massive-250-million-deal-to-release-king-of-pops-music-20100316 |title=Michael Jackson Estate, Sony Strike Massive $250 Million Deal to Release King of Pop's Music |last=Kreps |first=Daniel |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=March 16, 2010 |access-date=September 14, 2017 |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185541/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/michael-jackson-estate-sony-strike-massive-250-million-deal-to-release-king-of-pops-music-20100316 |url-status=live }}</ref>

From 2009 to 2020, Sony owned 50% of [[Syco Entertainment]], which operates some of the world's most successful [[Reality television|reality TV formats]], including ''[[Got Talent]]'' and ''[[The X Factor]]'' with [[Simon Cowell]]. Cowell acquired Sony's stake in 2020.<ref>{{cite news| title=Simon Cowell acquires Sony Music's stake and retains full control of 'Got Talent' and 'X-Factor'| url=https://www.nydailynews.com/snyde/ny-simone-cowell-buys-out-sony-music-stake-got-talent-syco-20200716-swipfdahbrg5vlw57l5udi4gzy-story.html| first=Karu F.| last=Daniels| date=July 16, 2020| newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]| access-date=October 13, 2020| archive-date=May 14, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514093750/https://www.nydailynews.com/snyde/ny-simone-cowell-buys-out-sony-music-stake-got-talent-syco-20200716-swipfdahbrg5vlw57l5udi4gzy-story.html| url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Doug Morris]], who was head of [[Warner Music Group]], and later [[Universal Music]], became chairman and CEO of Sony Music Entertainment on July 1, 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703559604576176500047935830.html?mod=googlenews_wsj| newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]| first=Ethan| last=Smith| title=Sony Music Recruits CEO| date=March 3, 2011| url-access=subscription| access-date=March 2, 2011| archive-date=June 29, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629101254/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703559604576176500047935830.html?mod=googlenews_wsj| url-status=live}}</ref> Sony Music underwent restructuring upon Morris's arrival; with some artists switching labels and other labels eliminated.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/470530/la-reid-to-run-restructured-epic-records| title=L.A. Reid to Run Restructured Epic Records| date=June 15, 2011| magazine=Billboard| access-date=January 2, 2021| archive-date=August 9, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809070308/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/470530/la-reid-to-run-restructured-epic-records| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/la-reid-officially-named-chairman-212497| title=L.A. Reid Officially Named Chairman & CEO of Epic Records| date=July 18, 2011| newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]| access-date=January 2, 2021| archive-date=October 12, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012162105/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/la-reid-officially-named-chairman-212497| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/rca-records-peter-edge-tom-245241| title=RCA Records' Peter Edge and Tom Corson on Why the Label Downsized and its Place in Sony's Big Picture (Q&A)| last=Halpern| first=Shirley| date=October 7, 2011| newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter| access-date=January 2, 2021| archive-date=February 10, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210215410/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/rca-records-peter-edge-tom-245241| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=RCA's New Executive Team Named; Layoffs Expected| url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/rcas-new-executive-team-named-227056| date=August 24, 2011| first=Ed| last=Christman| newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter| access-date=January 2, 2021| archive-date=June 6, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606163738/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/rcas-new-executive-team-named-227056| url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2012, a consortium led by [[Sony/ATV Music Publishing|Sony/ATV]] acquired [[EMI Music Publishing]], making Sony/ATV the world's largest music publisher at the time.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.deadline.com/2012/06/sonyatv-becomes-top-music-publisher-with-acquisition-of-emi-catalog/| title=EMI Acquisition Makes Sony/ATV Top Music Publisher| journal=[[Deadline Hollywood]]| last=Lieberman| first=David| date=June 29, 2012| access-date=February 28, 2013| archive-date=July 7, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707062607/http://www.deadline.com/2012/06/sonyatv-becomes-top-music-publisher-with-acquisition-of-emi-catalog/| url-status=live}}</ref> This acquisition also reunited the common ownership of pre-1986 CBS Songs (as SBK Songs) catalog to Sony/ATV.

[[Rob Stringer]] became CEO of Sony Music Entertainment on April 1, 2017. He previously served as chairman and CEO of [[Columbia Records]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 18, 2016|title=Columbia's Rob Stringer Named CEO of Sony Music|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/columbias-rob-stringer-named-ceo-939309|access-date=March 26, 2021|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en|archive-date=November 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128022436/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/columbias-rob-stringer-named-ceo-939309|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sony has experienced many changes with its international labels. In February 2012, Sony Music reportedly closed its [[Sony Music Philippines|Filipino office]] due to [[piracy (media)|piracy]], and [[Ivory Music and Video]] had been handling distribution for its catalog a few months earlier in July 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.interaksyon.com/infotech/sony-music-succumbs-to-piracy-closes-philippine-office| title=Sony Music succumbs to piracy, closes Philippine office| work=[[InterAksyon]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614012436/http://www.interaksyon.com/infotech/sony-music-succumbs-to-piracy-closes-philippine-office| archive-date=June 14, 2012| url-status=dead| access-date=June 9, 2012}}</ref> In early 2018, their distribution deal with Ivory expired and SME resumed its operations in the Philippines, with the new offices still located in [[Ortigas Center]], [[Pasig]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Liwanag |first1=Punch |title=Audio Junkie: Sony Music opens shop anew in PH |url=https://entertainment.mb.com.ph/2018/09/15/audio-junkie-sony-music-opens-shop-anew-in-ph/ |website=[[Manila Bulletin]] |access-date=August 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915115337/https://entertainment.mb.com.ph/2018/09/15/audio-junkie-sony-music-opens-shop-anew-in-ph/ |archive-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref> In July 2013, Sony Music withdrew from the Greek market due to an economic crisis.<ref name="Sony Music Greece">{{cite news| url=http://www.inewsgr.com/98/kleinei-i-istoriki-diskografiki-sony-music-greece.htm| title=Κλείνει η ιστορική δισκογραφική Sony Music Greece| date=June 27, 2013| newspaper=[[iNews]]| trans-title=The historical record label Sony Music Greece closes| access-date=January 2, 2021| language=el| archive-date=February 2, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202093100/http://www.inewsgr.com/98/kleinei-i-istoriki-diskografiki-sony-music-greece.htm| url-status=live}}</ref> Albums released by Sony Music in Greece from domestic and foreign artists would then be carried by Feelgood Records.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.discogs.com/label/601600-Feelgood-Records-2| title=Feelgood Records (2)| website=[[Discogs]]| access-date=June 24, 2015| archive-date=July 24, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724050409/http://www.discogs.com/label/601600-Feelgood-Records-2| url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2017, Sony announced that by March 2018 it would be producing vinyl records internally for the first time since ceasing its production in 1989.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 29, 2017 |title=Sony Music goes back to vinyl records |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40445192 |access-date=September 16, 2022 |archive-date=September 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171114/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40445192 |url-status=live }}</ref> Reporting the decision, the [[BBC]] noted that, "Sony's move comes a few months after it equipped its Tokyo studio with a [[Disc cutting lathe|cutting lathe]], used to produce the master discs needed for manufacturing vinyl records" but added that "Sony is even struggling to find older engineers who know how to make records".<ref name=BBC>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-40445192|title=Sony Music goes back to vinyl records|date=June 29, 2017|work=[[BBC News Online]]|access-date=June 29, 2017|archive-date=June 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629155011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-40445192|url-status=live}}</ref>

On February 5, 2019, a group of 1970s-era musicians including [[David Johansen]] and [[John Waite]] filed lawsuits accusing Sony Music Entertainment and [[UMG Recordings, Inc.]] of improperly refusing to let them reclaim the rights to songs they had signed away earlier in their careers.<ref name="Stempel">{{cite web| url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/05/reuters-america-1970s-era-musicians-sue-sony-umg-to-reclaim-song-rights.html| title=1970s-era musicians sue Sony, UMG to reclaim song rights| last=Stempel| first=Jonathan| date=February 5, 2019| website=[[CNBC]]| access-date=February 6, 2019| archive-date=February 7, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015207/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/05/reuters-america-1970s-era-musicians-sue-sony-umg-to-reclaim-song-rights.html| url-status=live}}</ref> The lawsuit cites U.S. copyright law, which gives artists who formerly bargained away their rights on unfavorable terms a chance to reclaim those rights by filing termination notices after 35 years.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sony-vivendi-copyright-idUSKCN1PU2G6| title=1970s-era musicians sue Sony, UMG to reclaim song rights| date=February 6, 2019| work=Reuters| access-date=February 6, 2019| language=en| archive-date=February 6, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206003020/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sony-vivendi-copyright-idUSKCN1PU2G6| url-status=live}}</ref> The plaintiffs claim that Sony and UMG have "routinely and systematically" ignored hundreds of notices, having taken the position that recordings are "works made for hire" and are therefore not subject to being reclaimed.<ref name="Stempel"/>

In April 2021, the [[Brazil]]ian media company [[Grupo Globo]] sold its domestic record label [[Som Livre]] to Sony Music for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2021 |title=Sony Music Entertainment to Acquire Brazilian Independent Music Company Som Livre – Sony Music |url=https://www.sonymusic.com/sonymusic/som-livre-acquisition/ |access-date=March 28, 2022 |website=Sony Music Entertainment |language=en-US |archive-date=May 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528011056/https://www.sonymusic.com/sonymusic/som-livre-acquisition/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was approved by the [[Administrative Council for Economic Defense]] on November 4, 2021.

In 2022, Sony Music Entertainment acquired boutique branding and merchandising agency, Ceremony of Roses (CoR).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Sony Music's new global merch arm: Ceremony of Roses |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/meet-sony-musics-new-global-merch-arm-ceremony-of-roses123451/ |access-date=July 17, 2023 |website=Music Business Worldwide|date=January 19, 2022 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sony Music buys Ceremony of Roses as new merch arm |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sony-music-buys-ceremony-roses-new-merch-arm |access-date=July 17, 2023 |website=Music Africa|date=January 25, 2022 }}</ref> CoR would handle SME's 'branding, design, media and events'.<ref name=":0" /> The newly acquired company would merge with Sony's existing merch division and continue under the CoR banner. The merger brought together artists like [[Adele]], [[A$AP Rocky]], and [[Lil Nas X]] under one merchandising house. According to Sony, the move will help expand their merchandising team and take artists' merch to the next level.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Andrea |date=January 19, 2022 |title=Sony Music Entertainment Launches New Global Merchandising Venture Through Strategic Investment in Leading Boutique Company Ceremony of Roses – Sony Music |url=https://www.sonymusic.com/sonymusic/ceremony-of-roses-global-merchandising-venture/ |access-date=December 15, 2022 |website=Sony Music Entertainment |language=en-US |archive-date=December 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215151427/https://www.sonymusic.com/sonymusic/ceremony-of-roses-global-merchandising-venture/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2023, Sony Music and Alamo Records founder [[Todd Moscowitz]] launched Santa Anna, an artist and label services company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aswad |first=Jem |date=January 9, 2023 |title=Sony Music and Alamo Records CEO Todd Moscowitz Launch Santa Anna, New Artist and Label Services Company |url=https://variety.com/2023/music/news/sony-music-alamo-todd-moscowitz-santa-anna-1235482194/ |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123140637/https://variety.com/2023/music/news/sony-music-alamo-todd-moscowitz-santa-anna-1235482194/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2024, it was announced Sony Music Entertainment's Global Podcast Division had acquired the Los Angeles-headquartered podcast production company, Neon Hum Media for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-09 |title=Sony Music strengthens podcast game with acquisition of Neon Hum Media |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/sony-music-strengthens-podcast-game-with-acquisition-of-neon-hum-media/ |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Music Business Worldwide |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Sony Music Canada==
{{Infobox record label
| name = Sony Music Entertainment Canada Incorporated
| founded = 1990
| image = Sony Music Entertainment Logo 2023.svg
| image_size = 140px
| country = Canada
| location = 99 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 800, [[Toronto, Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| website = {{URL|sonymusic.ca}}
}}

'''Sony Music Canada''' was formed when Sony Music acquired Canadian assets of [[CBS Records International|CBS Records]] in 1990 (itself formerly [[Columbia Records]] Canada in 1954).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sony-music-entertainment-inc-emc|title=Sony Music Entertainment Inc|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca}}</ref>

Sony Music Canada is operated by [[Sony Canada]], which evolved from General Distributors or Gendis, which had been founded in [[Winnipeg]] in 1954 by [[Albert D. Cohen]], who had made a deal with Sony to market its transistor radios in the same year.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://corporate.sony.ca/view/history.htm#:~:text=Sony%20of%20Canada%20ULC%20evolved,first%20transistor%20radio%20in%201955. | title=Sony.ca History }}</ref>

==Sony Music UK==
{{Infobox record label
| name = Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited
| founded = {{Start date and age|1980|01|04}}
| image = Sony Music Entertainment Logo 2023.svg
| image_size = 140px
| country = United Kingdom
| location = 2 Canal Reach, London, UK
| website = {{URL|sonymusic.co.uk}}
}}

'''Sony Music UK''' is owned and operated by Sony Music Entertainment in the United Kingdom. Since 2014, [[Jason Iley]] has been chairman and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of Sony Music UK.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Jason Iley Named CEO Of Sony Music U.K. |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/jason-iley-named-ceo-of-sony-music-uk-6039450/ |access-date=July 17, 2023 |magazine=Billboard}}</ref> Though owned by Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Music UK has standalone operations in the UK to promote musicians within the UK.<ref>{{cite news| first=Roy| last=Trakin| url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jason-iley-tapped-as-head-694355| title=Jason Iley Tapped as Head Of Sony Music U.K.| journal=The Hollywood Reporter| date=April 4, 2014| access-date=January 2, 2021| language=en| archive-date=July 6, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706170458/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jason-iley-tapped-as-head-694355| url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2017, it was announced that Sony would be merging its two independent distribution companies The Orchard and Red Essential.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/sony-merges-orchard-red-essential-uk-market/| title=Sony merges The Orchard and Red Essential in UK market| date=June 1, 2017| journal=Music Business Worldwide| access-date=June 6, 2017| language=en-US| archive-date=June 6, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606191150/https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/sony-merges-orchard-red-essential-uk-market/| url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, Sony had its best singles success of 33 years, with 11 number 1 singles. Sony Music artists won a total of five individual awards at the [[Brit Awards|BRITs]] 2015, including Best Female Solo Artist for [[Paloma Faith]], and [[Mark Ronson]]'s "[[Uptown Funk]]", which picked up Best British Single. Several other of the label's artists – [[Foo Fighters]], [[One Direction]] and [[Pharrell Williams]] – also collected awards.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/brit-awards/10649137/Brit-Awards-2014-the-winners-in-full.html| title=Brit Awards 2014: the winners in full| newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]| location=London| access-date=March 10, 2017| language=en| archive-date=August 6, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806024738/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/brit-awards/10649137/Brit-Awards-2014-the-winners-in-full.html| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.capitalfm.com/events/brits/news/2015-winners-list/| title=BRIT Awards 2015 Winners List – Full List Of This Year's Awards| work=[[Capital (radio network)|Capital]]| access-date=March 20, 2017| language=en| archive-date=April 2, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402184345/http://www.capitalfm.com/events/brits/news/2015-winners-list/| url-status=live}}</ref>

Sony's performance at the BRITs 2015 was the label's best in nearly 20 years, winning a total of 5 awards. In 2017, Sony Music UK celebrated the most successful BRIT Awards in the company's history, winning seven of the 11 awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2017 |title=Sony Music triumphs with its most successful BRIT Awards ever |url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/sony-music-triumphs-with-its-most-successful-brit-awards-ever/ |access-date=March 28, 2022 |website=Sony Music UK |language=en-US |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328152917/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/sony-music-triumphs-with-its-most-successful-brit-awards-ever/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sony Music UK has made key acquisitions including forming Insanity Records with Insanity Management. [[Craig David]] became the first artist to sign an album deal with Insanity Records. Sony Music UK signed [[Robbie Williams]], who released his 11th album ''[[The Heavy Entertainment Show]]'' in 2016. Jason Iley commented that the agreement was "a once in a lifetime signing with the biggest male solo artist of our generation".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.sonymusic.co.uk/labels/insanity-records| title=Insanity Records| website=Sony Music UK| language=en| access-date=March 10, 2017| archive-date=March 12, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312063319/http://www.sonymusic.co.uk/labels/insanity-records| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.musicweek.com/labels/read/robbie-williams-signs-to-sony-music/064724| title=Robbie Williams signs to Sony Music| date=May 8, 2016| access-date=January 2, 2021| journal=[[Music Week]]| language=en| archive-date=March 8, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308140333/https://www.musicweek.com/labels/read/robbie-williams-signs-to-sony-music/064724| url-status=live}}</ref>

Sony Music UK incorporated the independent sales and distribution company Essential Music and Marketing – renamed to [[Red Essential]]. In August 2016, Sony Music acquired [[Ministry of Sound|Ministry of Sound Recordings]], home to [[London Grammar]], [[DJ Fresh]] and [[Sigala]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/universal-and-sony-neck-and-neck-in-us-video-streaming-market-share-as-tunecore-leads-the-indies/| title=Universal and Sony neck-and-neck in US video streaming market share – as Tunecore leads the Indies| date=January 10, 2017| work=Music Business Worldwide| access-date=March 10, 2017| language=en-US| archive-date=March 13, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313124537/http://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/universal-and-sony-neck-and-neck-in-us-video-streaming-market-share-as-tunecore-leads-the-indies/| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/why-has-universals-market-share-dipped-this-year/| title=Why has Universal lost market share this year?| date=November 21, 2016| work=Music Business Worldwide| access-date=March 10, 2017| language=en-US| archive-date=February 11, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080055/http://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/why-has-universals-market-share-dipped-this-year/| url-status=live}}</ref>

On April 5, 2017, two of Sony Music UK's labels won awards at the annual Music Week Awards. Columbia Records was awarded A&R of the Year, and Syco was awarded Record Company of the Year.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/2017-music-week-awards-and-the-winners-are/068084| title=2017 Music Week Awards: And the winners are...| access-date=April 12, 2017| journal=Music Week| language=en| archive-date=April 11, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411092554/https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/2017-music-week-awards-and-the-winners-are/068084| url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021, Sony agreed to buy Kobalt neighboring rights division and independent distribution company [[AWAL]], from the [[Kobalt Music Group]] for $430 million.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Not for Sale: After Unloading AWAL, Kobalt Says It's Off the Block|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/publishing/9519611/kobalt-not-for-sale-awal-sale-sony|access-date=March 5, 2021|magazine=Billboard|date=February 2, 2021|language=en|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309182708/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/publishing/9519611/kobalt-not-for-sale-awal-sale-sony/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The UK media company [[Somethin' Else (content agency)|Somethin' Else]] was acquired outright by Sony Music in 2021, to form a [[podcast]] division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicweek.com/digital/read/somethin-else-and-sony-music-launch-podcast-partnership/078788|title=Somethin' else and Sony Music launch podcast partnership|access-date=April 4, 2022|archive-date=April 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175213/https://www.musicweek.com/digital/read/somethin-else-and-sony-music-launch-podcast-partnership/078788|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://radiotoday.co.uk/2021/06/sony-acquires-somethin-else-to-expand-global-podcast-division/|title = Sony acquires Somethin' else to expand global podcast division|date = June 16, 2021|access-date = April 4, 2022|archive-date = April 4, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175213/https://radiotoday.co.uk/2021/06/sony-acquires-somethin-else-to-expand-global-podcast-division/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://radiotoday.co.uk/2022/01/somethin-else-appoints-head-of-branded-podcasts-for-the-uk/|title = Somethin' else appoints Head of Branded Podcasts for the UK|date = January 10, 2022|access-date = April 4, 2022|archive-date = January 26, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220126165539/https://radiotoday.co.uk/2022/01/somethin-else-appoints-head-of-branded-podcasts-for-the-uk/|url-status = live}}</ref>

==Sony Music Russia==
{{Infobox company
| name = Sony Music Entertainment, LLC
| logo = Sony Music logo.svg
| logo_size = 140px
| trading_name = Sony Music Russia
| native_name = Сони Мьюзик Энтертейнмент
| romanized_name = Soni Myuzik Enterteynment
| industry = Music recording
| founded = {{Start date and age|1999}}
| dissolved = {{End date and age|2022|03|10}}
| fate = [[Dissolution (law)|Dissolved]]
| hq_location_city = [[Moscow]]
| key_people = Arina Dmitrieva (CEO)<ref name="Kiss Koala" />
| revenue = US$42.7 million (FY 2021)<ref name="Kiss Koala" />
| operating_income = US$2.22 million (FY 2021)<ref name="Kiss Koala" />
| area_served = Russia
| owner = Sony
| num_employees = 40-50 (2022)<ref name="iXBT.com">{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://www.ixbt.com/news/2022/09/08/iz-rossijskih-strimingovyh-servisov-propadut-treki-jelvisa-presli-selin-dion-britni-spirs-majkla-dzheksona-i-mnogih.html|title=Sony Music полностью уходит из России|work=[[iXBT.com]]|date=September 8, 2022|access-date=September 19, 2022|archive-date=September 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922001639/https://www.ixbt.com/news/2022/09/08/iz-rossijskih-strimingovyh-servisov-propadut-treki-jelvisa-presli-selin-dion-britni-spirs-majkla-dzheksona-i-mnogih.html}}</ref>
| parent = SBME Holdings B.V.<ref name="Kiss Koala" />
| website = {{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20220315001714/https://www.sonymusic.ru/}} (archived)
}}

'''Sony Music Entertainment Russia''' was the [[Russia]]n music label of Sony Music Entertainment. The company opened its division in the Russian Federation in 1999.<ref name="Kiss Koala">{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5549427|title=От Sony Music останется "Коала"|work=[[Kommersant]]|date=September 8, 2022|access-date=September 19, 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=September 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173002/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5549427}}</ref> In 2000, the first contract was signed with the Russian group [[Bi-2]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} For 2021, experts estimated the company's share in the Russian recording market at approximately 15-20%. Sony Music Entertainment LLC's revenue in 2021 amounted to 2.56 billion rubles ($42.7 million). Net profit amounted to 132.9 million rubles ($2.22 million).<ref name="Kiss Koala" />

On March 10, 2022, in connection with [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Sony Music Entertainment announced the suspension of operations and new releases in Russia, while Russian employees of Sony Music Group receive pay indefinitely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5251207|title=Sony Music Group и Warner Music Group приостанавливают деятельность в России|access-date=September 19, 2022|work=[[Kommersant]]|date=March 10, 2022|archive-date=August 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811233638/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5251207|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/03/10/70499501/|title=Вслед за Universal, из России уходит лейбл Sony Music. Warner выжидает|website=[[Fontanka.ru]]|date=March 10, 2022|access-date=September 19, 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=September 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173501/https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/03/10/70499501/}}</ref> On September 8, Sony Music officially announced its final withdrawal from Russia. The company recalled all foreign catalogs from the Russian streaming services [[Yandex Music]], Zvooq and VK Music, and tracks from [[AC/DC]], [[Beyoncé]], [[Britney Spears]], [[Bring Me the Horizon]] and many other artists were removed. The Russian division is intended as a completely independent structure from Sony Music to represent only local musicians under the new brand Kiss Koala,<ref name="Kiss Koala" /><ref>{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5549199|title=Sony Music объявила об окончательном уходе из России|work=[[Коммерсантъ]]|date=September 8, 2022|access-date=September 19, 2022|archive-date=September 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172255/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5549199}}</ref> which was later bought by the structures of former top managers of [[Warner Music Russia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-17 |title=Укрупненная музыкальная форма |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5772915 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=Коммерсантъ |language=ru}}</ref>

== Criticism and controversies ==

=== CD price fixing ===
{{main|CD price fixing}}
Between 1995 and 2000, music companies were found to have used illegal marketing agreements such as [[resale price maintenance|minimum advertised pricing]] to artificially [[Inflation|inflate]] prices of [[compact disc]]s. This was done in order to end price wars of the early 1990s among discounters such as [[Best Buy]] and [[Target Corporation|Target]].<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |first=Stephen |last=Labaton |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/11/business/5-music-companies-settle-federal-case-on-cd-price-fixing.html |title=5 Music Companies Settle Federal Case On CD Price-Fixing |newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 11, 2000 |access-date=April 26, 2016 |archive-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530193352/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/11/business/5-music-companies-settle-federal-case-on-cd-price-fixing.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A settlement was reached in 2002 that included music publishers and distributors Sony Music, [[Warner Music Group|Warner Music]], [[Bertelsmann Music Group]], [[EMI|EMI Music]] and [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]]. In restitution for [[price fixing]], they agreed to pay a $67.4 million fine and distribute $75.7 million in CDs to public and non-profit groups but admitted no wrongdoing.<ref name="usatoday">{{cite news |first=David |last=Lieberman |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2002-09-30-cd-settlement_x.htm |title=5 Music Companies Settle Federal Case On CD Price-Fixing |date=September 30, 2002 |access-date=April 26, 2016 |archive-date=February 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207165313/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2002-09-30-cd-settlement_x.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> It is estimated that customers were overcharged by nearly $500 million overall and up to $5 per album.<ref name="nyt"/>

=== George Michael ===
{{main|Panayiotou v Sony Music Entertainment (UK) Ltd.}}
British artist [[George Michael]], signed to Columbia in the U.S. and Epic worldwide, advised Sony executives in 1990 that he would not be appearing in music videos to support his forthcoming album, ''[[Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1]]''. Michael then accused Sony of not promoting the album at all. He sued in the UK in 1992, asking to be released from his contract. Sony ultimately prevailed in the courts in 1994, but Michael's contract was bought out by other labels. Some 11 years later, Michael licensed tracks to Sony for release.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coulthard |first=Alan |date=September 1995 |title=George Michael v Sony Music-A Challenge to Artistic Freedom? |journal=The Modern Law Review |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=731–744 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2230.1995.tb02047.x |issn=0026-7961|doi-access=free }}</ref>

=== Michael Jackson and Tommy Mottola ===
The release of ''[[Invincible (Michael Jackson album)|Invincible]]'' was preceded by a dispute between [[Michael Jackson]] and Sony Music Entertainment. Jackson had expected the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him sometime in the early 2000s, after which he would be able to promote the material however he pleased and keep the profits; however, clauses in the contract set the revert date years into the future. Jackson discovered that the attorney who had represented him in the deal had also been representing Sony.<ref name="T6101">{{cite book| title=Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story 1958–2009| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HNUr4CBd7ksC&q=invincible| first=J. Randy| last=Taraborrelli| date=July 15, 2009| pages=610–611| publisher=Grand Central| isbn=978-0-4465-6568-4| access-date=January 4, 2021| archive-date=July 5, 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705165531/https://books.google.com/books?id=HNUr4CBd7ksC&q=invincible| url-status=live}}</ref> He was also concerned that for years Sony had been pressuring him to sell his share in its music catalog venture; he feared that Sony might have had a [[conflict of interest]], since if Jackson's career failed, he would have had to sell his share of the catalog at a low price.<ref name="T6147">Taraborrelli, 2009, pp. 614–7.</ref> Jackson sought an early exit from his contract.<ref name="T6101"/>

In July 2002, Jackson alleged that the then-Sony Music chairman [[Tommy Mottola]] was a "devil" and "racist" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own gain.<ref name="T6147"/> He charged that Mottola had called his colleague [[Irv Gotti]] a "fat [[nigger]]".<ref>{{cite episode |credits=[[Jermaine Jackson]]; [[Connie Chung]] |title=Interview with Jermaine Jackson |date=December 31, 2002 |series=[[Connie Chung Tonight]] |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0212/31/cct.00.html |access-date=July 2, 2008 |network=[[CNN]] |archive-date=November 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105181714/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0212/31/cct.00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sony refused to renew Jackson's contract, and claimed that a {{Nowrap|$25 million}} promotional campaign had failed because Jackson refused to tour in the United States.<ref name="Burkeman">{{cite news |first=Oliver |last=Burkeman |date=July 7, 2002 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jul/08/oliverburkeman |title=Jackon gets tough: but is he a race crusader or just a falling star? |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |access-date=May 31, 2015 |archive-date=July 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702105224/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jul/08/oliverburkeman |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Prosecution of copyright infringement ===
In May 2012, Sony Music filed charges against the website [[IsoHunt]].<ref name="source">{{cite journal |url=http://torrentfreak.com/record-labels-threaten-the-open-internet-isohunt-tells-court-120229/ |title=Record Labels Threaten the Open Internet, isoHunt Tells Court |journal=[[TorrentFreak]] |date=February 29, 2012 |access-date=February 28, 2013 |first=Ernesto |last=Van der Sar |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215195352/http://torrentfreak.com/record-labels-threaten-the-open-internet-isohunt-tells-court-120229/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The plaintiff's claims in the court document filed at the [[Supreme Court of British Columbia]] read: "The IsoHunt Websites have been designed and are operated by the defendants with the sole purpose of profiting from rampant copyright infringement which defendants actively encourage, promote, authorize, induce, aid, abet, materially contribute to and commercially profit from."<ref name="Claim">{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/83175814/isohunt-scbc |title=Isohunt-scbc |publisher=Scribd.com |date=February 29, 2012 |access-date=February 28, 2013 |archive-date=January 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123000229/http://www.scribd.com/doc/83175814/isohunt-scbc |url-status=dead }}</ref> In February 2016, in a lawsuit filed at a California federal court, Sony Music Entertainment and its associated brands ([[Arista Records]] and [[LaFace Records]], formerly owned by [[Bertelsmann Music Group]]) accused Belgian radio aggregator [[Radionomy]] (owned by Universal Music Group's parent [[Vivendi]]) of copyright infringement.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/sony-music-sues-universal-sister-company-radionomy| title=Sony Music sues Universal sister company Radionomy| journal=Music Business Worldwide| date=March 2, 2016| access-date=January 2, 2021| archive-date=May 3, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503022738/http://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/sony-music-sues-universal-sister-company-radionomy| url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Kesha v. Dr. Luke and 2016 boycott ===
{{Main|Kesha v. Dr. Luke}}
In February 2016, 100,000 people signed an online petition in less than 24 hours, calling for a boycott of Sony Music and all other Sony-affiliated businesses after [[Kesha v. Dr. Luke|rape allegations]] against music producer [[Dr. Luke]] were made by musical artist [[Kesha]]. Kesha asked a [[New York City]] [[New York Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] to free her from her contract with Sony Music, but the court denied the request, prompting a widespread public and media response.<ref name="NYDN">{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/kesha-supporters-call-sony-boycott-court-ruling-article-1.2538503 |title=Over 100,000 Kesha supporters call for Sony Music boycott after judge rules she must honor contract despite Dr. Luke rape allegations |newspaper=[[New York Daily News]] |date=February 20, 2016 |access-date=February 20, 2016 |archive-date=February 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221094339/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/kesha-supporters-call-sony-boycott-court-ruling-article-1.2538503 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== List of Sony Music Entertainment labels ==
{{Cleanup list|section|reason=This list of labels should be totally deleted and replaced with one small summary paragraph of the most important ones with main at the top. [[WP:PROSELINE]]date=October 2023|date=October 2023}}
{{Main|List of Sony Music labels}}

=== Flagship record labels ===
* [[Columbia Records]]
* [[RCA Records]]
* [[Epic Records]]
* [[Arista Records]]

=== Genre-limited record labels ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
;Country music
* [[Sony Music Nashville]]
** [[Columbia Records#Columbia Nashville|Columbia Nashville]]
** [[RCA Records Nashville]]

;Dance/electronic music
* Epic Amsterdam<ref>{{cite web |title=Epic Amsterdam |url=http://epicamsterdam.nl/ |access-date=October 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103085126/http://epicamsterdam.nl/ |archive-date=November 3, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Stmpd Rcrds]] (co-distribution with [[Universal Music Group]])
* EEM Records
* [[Ultra Records]]
* [[Ministry of Sound]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/record-labels/7468487/sony-music-uk-acquires-ministry-of-sound |title=Sony Music UK Acquires Ministry of Sound |first=Richard |last=Smirke |date=August 10, 2016 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=April 17, 2020 |archive-date=March 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322134308/https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/record-labels/7468487/sony-music-uk-acquires-ministry-of-sound |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Liquid State (joint-venture)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8097373/liquid-state-edm-label-sony-music-tencent-dance |title=Sony Music & Tencent Launch Dance Music Label Liquid State |first=Rob |last=Schultz |date=January 31, 2018 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123054510/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8097373/liquid-state-edm-label-sony-music-tencent-dance |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Christian/gospel music
* [[Provident Label Group]]
* [[RCA Inspiration]]
* Kingdom Life Records
* DeJountae Records

;Latin
* [[Sony Music Latin]]

;Classical/jazz music
* [[Sony Masterworks]]
** [[Sony Classical Records]]
** [[Milan Records]]
** [[Portrait Records]]
** [[RCA Red Seal Records]]
** [[Okeh Records]]
** Flying Buddha
** Masterworks Broadway
** XXIM Records

;Blues music
* [[Blind Pig Records]]

;Pop music
* [[Disruptor Records]]

;Rock music
* [[Another Century Records]]

;Metal music
* [[Century Media Records]]
* [[Music for Nations]]

;Progressive music
* [[Inside Out Music]]
{{div col end}}

=== Others ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
; Sony Music UK<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/|title=Sony Music UK | Official Website|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308145422/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/labels-and-partners/|title=Sony Music UK | Labels & Partners|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=February 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204195135/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/labels-and-partners/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Columbia Records UK<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sony Music UK – Columbia Records|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/columbia-records/|access-date=October 26, 2021|website=Sony Music UK|language=en-US|archive-date=October 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026111135/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/columbia-records/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Relentless Records]]
*5K Records<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/5k-records/|title=Sony Music UK | 5K Records|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125101622/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/5k-records/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Black Butter Records (joint-venture)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/black-butter/|title=Sony Music UK | Black Butter|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=March 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329164740/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/black-butter/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Dream Life Records<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/dream-life-records/|title=Sony Music UK | Dream Life Records|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=January 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118031629/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/dream-life-records/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Insanity Records (joint-venture)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/insanity-records/|title=Sony Music UK | Insanity Records|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=December 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205152910/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/insanity-records/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Magic Star<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/magic-star/|title=Sony Music UK | Magic Star|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=January 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120190324/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/magic-star/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Robots + Humans<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/robots-humans/|title=Sony Music UK | Robots + Humans|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102536/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/robots-humans/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Since '93<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/since-93/|title=Sony Music UK | Since '93|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=February 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204190158/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/since-93/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Sony Music Nashville UK<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/nashville/|title=Sony Music UK | Sony Music Nashville|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=November 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126151939/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/nashville/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*WEAREBLK (joint-venture)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/weareblk/|title=Sony Music UK | WEAREBLK|website=Sony Music UK|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201120108/https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/label/weareblk/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*District 18 Entertainment (joint-venture)

; Sony Music Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd.
* [[Sony Music India]]
* [[Sony Music South]]

;Distributed labels
* [[Equal Vision Records]]
* [[Megaforce Records]]
* [[Metal Blade Records]]
* [[Rimas Entertainment]]
* [[Robbins Entertainment]]
* [[Shrapnel Records]]
* [[Third Man Records]]
* [[Thirty Tigers]]
* [[ABC Music]]
* [[Big Brother Recordings]]
* [[Heist or Hit Records]]
* [[Mello Music Group]]
* [[Babygrande Records]]

;Catalog
* [[Legacy Recordings]]
* [[Follow That Dream Records]]
* Louder Than Life Records

;International
* [[Ariola Records]] Intl.
* [[Defstar Records]] Intl.
* [[Relentless Records]]
* [[Som Livre]]

;Independent music distribution
* [[The Orchard (company)|The Orchard]]
** [[IODA]]
*[[AWAL]]
{{div col end}}

=== Previously affiliated labels ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[19 Entertainment|19 Recordings]] (2001–2010) (previously through BMG and RCA Music Group, now distributed by [[BMG Rights Management]])
* [[Def Jam Recordings]] (1985–1994) (previously through Columbia Records, now part of [[Universal Music Group]])
* [[Loud Records]] (1992–2002) (previously through Zoo Entertainment, then RCA Records, and later Columbia Records, now a new company called [[SRC Records]] through [[Universal Music Group]])
* Chaos Recordings Brasil (1993–2000) (previously part of Columbia Records, now dissolved)
* [[Work Records|The Work Group]] (1993–2000) (previously through Epic Records, now dissolved)
* [[Date Records]] (1958–1970) (previously through Columbia Records, now dissolved)
* [[Aware Records]] (1997–2010) (now part of [[Universal Music Group]] through [[Republic Records]])
* PiperWorld Entertainment (2008–2013) (previously through [[Columbia Records]])
* [[Roc Nation]] (2009–2013) (previously through Columbia Records; now distributed by Universal Music Group)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Ben|last=Sisari|date=April 8, 2013|title=Jay-Z's Entertainment Company Makes Music Deal With Universal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/09/business/media/jay-zs-entertainment-company-makes-music-deal-with-universal.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=April 13, 2013|archive-date=April 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413074801/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/09/business/media/jay-zs-entertainment-company-makes-music-deal-with-universal.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Nick Records]] (1993–2010) (previously through Sony Music, now dissolved)
* [[The Echo Label]] (2013–2017) (owned by [[BMG Rights Management|BMG]] [[Chrysalis Music|Chrysalis]]; now distributed by [[Warner Music Group]])
* [[Volcano Entertainment]] (1996–2019) (previously through [[Zomba Group of Companies|Zomba Label Group]] and later [[RCA Records]], now dissolved)
* [[RED Music]] (1979–2017) (now dissolved)
* [[Syco Music]] (2002–2020) (previously through Sony Music UK, now dissolved)
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Music|Companies}}
* [[List of Sony Music artists]]
* [[Sony Music Publishing]]
* [[Sony BMG]]
* [[Sony BMG copy protection rootkit scandal]]
* [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]
* [[Sony Music Australia]]
* [[Sony Music UK]]
* [[Sony Music India]]
* [[Tero Entertainment]]
* [[Lists of record labels]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|sonymusic.com}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090613021647/http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/135/135429.html Yahoo! – Sony Music Entertainment Company Profile] via Yahoo! Business
* {{YouTube|user=sonybmg}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054710/http://www.sonymusic.co.il/ Sony Music TV]
* {{MusicBrainz label|id=9e6b4d7f-4958-4db7-8504-d89e315836af|name=Sony Music}}

{{Sony Music}}
{{Sony}}
{{Music industry}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sony Music]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1929]]
[[Category:Companies based in New York City]]
[[Category:IFPI members]]
[[Category:Record label distributors]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies established in 1929]]
[[Category:Recording Industry Association of America]]
[[Category:American subsidiaries of foreign companies]]

Atlassian

2024-09-26T18:27:05Z

212.58.103.78: Incorporated in Delaware

Sony Entertainment

2024-09-15T18:27:08Z

212.58.103.78: Redundant

{{Short description|Umbrella entertainment division of Sony}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sony Entertainment, Inc.
| logo = [[File:Sony logo.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| type = [[Division (business)|Division]]
| founded = {{start date and age|2012}}
| hq_location_city = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| hq_location_country = United States
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Kenichiro Yoshida]] ([[chairman]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| industry = [[Entertainment]]
| products = {{ubl|[[Film]]|[[Music]]|[[Television]]}}
| owner =
| num_employees = 18,000
| parent = [[Sony Corporation of America]]
| divisions =
| subsid = {{ubl|[[Sony Music Group]]|[[Sony Pictures|Sony Pictures Entertainment]]}}
}}

'''Sony Entertainment, Inc.''' is an American entertainment company. Division of [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] [[Sony|Sony Group Corporation]] and managed by [[Sony Corporation of America|its American subsidiary]], established in 2012 to oversee the corporation's ventures in [[film]], [[television]] and [[music]].<ref>{{cite web|date=January 19, 2018|title=Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions Takes All International Rights On Brett Haley's Hearts Beat Loud|url=https://www.sonypictures.com/corp/press_releases/2018/01_18/011918_spwa.html|website=[[Sony Pictures|Sony Pictures Entertainment]]|access-date=August 3, 2019}}</ref>

==History==
On March 30, 2012, then-co-chairman and CEO of [[Sony Pictures]], [[Michael Lynton]], and executive vice president and general counsel of Sony, [[Nicole Seligman]], were respectively named as CEO and president of Sony Corporation of America to oversee all of Sony's global entertainment businesses.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 March 2012|title=Michael Lynton Named CEO of Sony Corporation of America; Nicole Seligman to Become SCA President|url=http://www.sonypictures.com/corp/press_releases/2012/03_12/20120330_lynton.html|website=[[Sony Pictures]]|access-date=16 February 2016}}</ref> On April 9, 2013, Lynton renewed his contract with Sony and was elevated to the presidency at Sony Entertainment.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 April 2013|title=Michael Lynton Re-Ups As CEO Of Sony Entertainment|url=https://deadline.com/2013/04/michael-lynton-re-ups-as-ceo-of-sony-entertainment-470992/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|access-date=16 February 2016}}</ref>

On February 18, 2016, Seligman resigned after a decade and half with the company but remained there until March 31.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sakoui|first=Anousha|date=19 February 2016|title= Sony's Seligman Quits U.S. Business in Another High-Profile Exit|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-19/sony-s-seligman-quits-u-s-business-in-another-high-profile-exit|website=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]|access-date=19 February 2016}}</ref>

On January 13, 2017, Lynton announced that he was stepping down as CEO of Sony Entertainment and Sony Pictures and chairman of the latter to become chairman for [[Snap Inc.]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Flemming, Jr.|first1=Mike|last2=Busch|first2=Anita|last3=Lieberman|first3=David|date=13 January 2017|title=Michael Lynton Is Out As CEO Of Sony Entertainment|url=https://deadline.com/2017/01/michael-lynton-out-sony-pictures-1201885958/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|access-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rainey|first=James|date=13 January 2017|title=Michael Lynton Exits Sony Pictures Entertainment to Become Chair of Snapchat|url=https://variety.com/2017/biz/news/michael-lynton-out-at-sony-pictures-entertainment-1201960312/|work=[[variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|access-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> and was later replaced by Sony Pictures chairman and CEO [[Anthony Vinciquerra]] on 11 May 2017.<ref>{{cite web|last=Busch|first=Anita|date=11 May 2017|title=Tony Vinciquerra Named Chairman/CEO Of Sony Pictures Entertainment Replacing Outgoing Exec Michael Lynton|url=https://deadline.com/2017/05/tony-vinciquerra-named-chairmanceo-sony-pictures-entertainment-1202089700/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|access-date=13 August 2017}}</ref>

News outlets including ''[[The New York Post]]'', ''Complete Music Update'' and ''[[TheStreet]]'' reported on December 19, 2016, about Sony was considering a restructuring of its American operations by merging Sony Pictures with [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]] which would have placed Sony Pictures under Sony Interactive's then-CEO, Andrew House, though House wouldn't have taken over day-to-day operations of Sony Pictures.<ref>{{cite web|last=Atkinson|first=Claire|date=12 December 2016|title=Sony considers merging gaming and film divisions|url=https://nypost.com/2016/12/11/sony-considers-merging-gaming-and-film-divisions/|website=[[The New York Post]]|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Cooke|first=Chris|date=12 December 2016|title=Revamp of Sony's entertainment business could more closely align Sony Music with Sony/ATV|url=http://www.completemusicupdate.com/article/revamp-of-sonys-entertainment-business-could-more-closely-align-sony-music-with-sonyatv/|website=[[Complete Music Update]]|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> However, a Sony spokesperson denounced any sort of planned merger or restructuring of any of the Sony media divisions at that time in an interview with the latter source.<ref>{{cite web|last=Aldrich|first=Rachel|date=12 December 2016|title=Sony Reportedly May Merge Its Gaming and Film Units|url=https://www.thestreet.com/story/13922321/1/why-would-sony-merge-its-gaming-and-film-units.html|website=[[TheStreet]]|access-date=11 January 2017|quote=A Sony spokesman said no such merger is planned.}}</ref>

Sony announced a merger of [[Sony Music|Sony Music Entertainment]] and [[Sony Music Publishing|Sony/ATV Music Publishing]] to form the umbrella "[[#Sony Music Group|Sony Music Group]]" on July 17, 2019, and was finalized on August 1.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8520323/sony-corp-restructures-recorded-music-sony-atv-together-rob-stringer|title=Sony Corp. Restructures Music Division, Brings Recorded Music, Sony/ATV Publishing Together Under Rob Stringer|magazine=Billboard|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref> On February 10, 2021, Sony/ATV Music Publishing reverted to rebranding as [[Sony Music Publishing]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Christman|first=Ed|date=17 July 2019|title=Sony/ATV Returns to Sony Music Publishing, Unveils New Branding|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/9524000/sony-atv-rebrand-sony-music-publishing/|magazine=[[billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref>

==Subsidiaries==
===[[Sony Pictures|Sony Pictures Entertainment]]===
====[[Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group]]====
* [[Columbia Pictures]]
** [[Ghost Corps]]
* [[TriStar Pictures]]
** [[TriStar Productions]] (co-owned with [[Tom Rothman]])
* [[Sony Pictures Classics]]
* [[Screen Gems#Specialty feature film studio (1998–present)|Screen Gems]]
* [[Sony Pictures Animation]]
* [[Sony Pictures Imageworks]]
* 3000 Pictures (co-owned with [[HarperCollins]])
* Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions
** [[Destination Films]]
** [[Stage 6 Films]]
** [[Affirm Films]]
*** [[Great American Pure Flix]] streaming (co-owned with [[Great American Media]])<ref name="Vlessing 2023">{{cite web | last=Vlessing | first=Etan | title=Sony's Pure Flix to Merge With Hallmark Rival Great American Media | website=The Hollywood Reporter | date=May 11, 2023 | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/pure-flix-to-merge-with-hallmark-rival-great-american-media-1235485811/ | access-date=October 10, 2023}}</ref>
* Sony Pictures Releasing
** Sony Pictures Releasing International

====[[Sony Pictures Home Entertainment]]====
* [[Sony Pictures Kids Zone]]
* [[Kartoon Studios]] (7%, co-owned with [[Andy Heyward]] and 32 Ventures)
** Genius Brands Music
** Kartoon Channel
** Baby Genius
** Stan Lee Universe (co-owned with [[POW! Entertainment]])
** Kartoon Films
** A Squared Entertainment LLC
** Stan Lee Comics (60%, co-owned with [[POW! Entertainment]])
** [[Wow Unlimited Media]]
*** [[Frederator Networks]]
**** [[Frederator Studios]]
**** [[Channel Frederator Network]]
***** [[Cartoon Hangover]]
***** Frederator Digital
****** The Leaderboard Network
****** Cinematica
****** MicDrop
****** Átomo Network (co-owned with [[Ànima (company)|Ànima]])
**** Frederator Books
**** Thirty Labs
*** Ezrin Hirsh Entertainment (co-owned with [[Bob Ezrin]] and [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]])
* Big Picture Productions

====[[Sony Pictures Television]]====
* Affirm Television
* CPT Holdings
* [[Embassy Row]]
* Sony Pictures Television Game Show
** [[Wheel of Fortune (American game show)|Califon Productions]]
** [[Jeopardy!|Jeopardy Productions]]
* Sony Pictures Television International Production
** [[Bad Wolf (production company)|Bad Wolf]]
** [[Blueprint Pictures|Blueprint Television]] (minority stake)
** [[Playmaker Media|Curio Pictures]]
** [[Eleven (company)|Eleven]]
** Eleventh Hour Films
** Fable Pictures (minority stake)
** Floresta
** Huaso (co-owned with [[China Film Group Corporation]])
** Human Media
** [[Left Bank Pictures]]
** Palladium Fiction
** Satisfy (20%, co-owned with Satisfaction Group)
** [[Stellify Media]]
** [[Stolen Picture]] (minority stake)
** [[Teleset]]
** Toro Media
** The Whisper Group (minority stake)
* [[Sony Pictures Television Kids]]
* [[Sony Pictures Television Nonfiction]]
** [[19 Entertainment]]
** B17 Entertainment
** House of NonFiction
** Maxine
** [[Sharp Entertainment]]
** [[The Intellectual Property Corporation]]
** This Machine Filmworks
** Trilogy Films
** UNConventional Entertainment
* Sony Pictures Television Studios
* Sony Pictures Television Networks
** United States
*** CPE US Networks, Inc.
**** [[Get (TV network)|Get]] ([[Digital subchannel|Digital multicast]] network)
**** [[Sony Movie Channel]] (Cable channel)
**** Sony Cine (Spanish-language cable channel)
*** Game Show Network, LLC
**** [[Game Show Network]] (cable channel)
**** [[Game Show Network#Syndication and digital streaming|Game Show Central]] ([[Free ad-supported streaming television|FAST streaming]] channel)
**** [[Crunchyroll#Crunchyroll Channel|Crunchyroll Channel]] ([[Free ad-supported streaming television|FAST streaming]] channel; joint venture with [[Sony Pictures]] and [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]-owned [[Aniplex]]'s [[Crunchyroll LLC|Crunchyroll, LLC]])
** International
*** [[AXN]] (select countries)
*** [[Sony Channel]]

====Sony Pictures Experiences====
* [[Alamo Drafthouse Cinema]]

====Other====
* Columbia TriStar Marketing Group
* [[Crunchyroll LLC|Crunchyroll, LLC]] (co-owned with [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]'s [[Aniplex]])
** [[Crunchyroll]] streaming
** [[Funimation]] streaming
** [[Crunchyroll EMEA]]
** [[Crunchyroll Store Australia]]
** [[Crunchyroll UK and Ireland]]
** Crunchyroll Games
** [[Right Stuf|Crunchyroll Store]]
** [[Crunchyroll#Crunchyroll Channel|Crunchyroll Channel]] ([[Free ad-supported streaming television|FAST]] streaming channel; joint venture with [[Sony Pictures Television#Sony Pictures Television Networks|Sony Pictures Television Networks]]' [[Game Show Network|Game Show Network, LLC]])
* [[Madison Gate Records]]
* [[Pixomondo]]
* Sony Pictures Consumer Products
* Sony Pictures Cable Ventures
* Sony Pictures Europe
* Sony Pictures Interactive
* Sony Pictures Plaza
* [[Sony Pictures Studios]]
* Sony Pictures Studios Post Production Facilities
* Worldwide Product Fullfillment

===[[Sony Music Group]]===
====[[Sony Music|Sony Music Entertainment]]====
{{Main|List of Sony Music Entertainment labels}}
* [[Columbia Records]]
* [[RCA Records]]
* [[Epic Records]]
* [[Arista Records]]

====[[Sony Music Publishing]]====
* [[Acuff-Rose Music]]
* [[EMI Music Publishing]]
* [[Extreme Music]]
* [[APM Music]]
* [[Hickory Records]]
* [[KPM Music]]
* [[Bleeding Fingers Music]]

===Other divisions===
Other Sony entertainment umbrellas are [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]] and their [[PlayStation Studios]], which have a presence on numerous platforms. Across all of Sony's electronics and the [[PlayStation]] brand, and is extremely diversified across [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] [[iOS]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Nintendo Switch]], [[Steam (service)|Steam]], and [[Xbox]].<ref name="Scullion 2023">{{cite web | last=Scullion | first=Chris | title=Sackboy is the next PlayStation series coming to mobile | website=VGC | date=January 18, 2023 | url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/sackboy-is-the-next-playstation-series-coming-to-mobile/ | access-date=October 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Tolbert 2023">{{cite web | last=Tolbert | first=Samuel | title=Every PlayStation Studios game available on Windows PC | website=Windows Central | date=March 10, 2023 | url=https://www.windowscentral.com/gaming/pc-gaming/playstation-studios-every-pc-game | access-date=October 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Franzese 2023">{{cite web | last=Franzese | first=Tomas | title=MLB The Show returns to PlayStation, Xbox, and Switch this March | website=Digital Trends | date=January 30, 2023 | url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/mlb-the-show-23-announced/ | access-date=October 13, 2023}}</ref> This includes the apps for their streaming services such as [[Crunchyroll]] (including [[Funimation]]),<ref name="Spangler 2022">{{cite web | last=Spangler | first=Todd | title=Sony Fattens Up Crunchyroll's Menu: Why Anime Is Its Biggest Streaming Bet | website=Variety | date=March 17, 2022 | url=https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/crunchyroll-sony-funimation-anime-streaming-strategy-1235207122/ | access-date=October 10, 2023}}</ref> [[Pure Flix|Great American Pure Flix]] (with [[Great American Media]]),<ref name="Faughnder 2020">{{cite web | last=Faughnder | first=Ryan | title=Seeking Christian viewers, Sony acquires 'God's Not Dead' producers' streaming service | website=Los Angeles Times | date=November 12, 2020 | url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2020-11-12/seeking-christian-viewers-sony-acquires-faith-based-streaming-service | access-date=October 10, 2023}}</ref> [[Sony Pictures Core]] (formerly [[Bravia (brand)|Bravia]] Core),<ref name="Welch 2023">{{cite web | last=Welch | first=Chris | title=Sony's high-bitrate movie service is now available on PS5 and PS4 | website=The Verge | date=October 5, 2023 | url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/10/5/23904557/sony-pictures-core-now-available-ps5-ps4-ps-plus | access-date=October 10, 2023}}</ref> and India's [[SonyLIV]].<ref name="Whittock 2023">{{cite web | last=Whittock | first=Jesse | title=Indian Streamer SonyLIV To Adapt Yes Studios' Israeli Crime Drama 'Magpie' | website=Deadline | date=October 4, 2023 | url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/sonyliv-india-adapts-magpie-fauda-your-honor-yes-studios-israel-1235563515/ | access-date=October 10, 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.sonypictures.com Sony Pictures website]
* [http://www.sonymusic.com Sony Music website]
* [http://www.sonymusicpub.com Sony Music Publishing website]

{{Sony}}

[[Category:Sony subsidiaries]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:American companies established in 2012]]
[[Category:Companies based in New York City]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 2012]]

Video games in the United States

2024-09-13T21:27:43Z

212.58.103.78: /* Sony Interactive Entertainment */Redundant

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2016}}
[[File:E310-02 (5804349789).jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[E3]] at the [[Los Angeles Convention Center]]]]
'''Video gaming in the United States''' is one of the fastest-growing [[entertainment industry|entertainment industries]] in the country. The American [[video game industry]] is the largest video game industry in the world. According to a 2020 study released by the [[Entertainment Software Association]], the yearly economic output of the American video game industry in 2019 was $90.3 billion, supporting over 429,000 American jobs. With an average yearly salary of about $121,000, the latter figure includes over 143,000 individuals who are directly employed by the video game business. Additionally, activities connected to the video game business generate $12.6 billion in federal, state, and local taxes each year.<ref>{{cite web |last=samdo |title=2021 Essential Facts About the Video Game Industry |url=https://www.theesa.com/resource/2021-essential-facts-about-the-video-game-industry/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Entertainment Software Association |date=July 13, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[World Economic Forum]] estimates that by 2025 the American gaming industry will reach $42.3 billion while worldwide gaming industry will possibly reach US$270 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's possible for the gaming industry in the next dimension? |url=https://www.ey.com/en_us/tmt/what-s-possible-for-the-gaming-industry-in-the-next-dimension |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=www.ey.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Asian countries make up 40% of the world's top 10 video gaming markets |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/08/which-countries-have-the-largest-video-gaming-markets/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=World Economic Forum |date=August 24, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The United States is one of the nations with the largest influence in the video game industry, with video games representing a significant part of its economy.
[[File:BlizzCon 2017.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[BlizzCon]] in 2017]]
Major publishers headquartered in the United States are: [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]], [[Microsoft Gaming]] (consist of [[Xbox Game Studios]], [[Bethesda Softworks]] and [[Activision Blizzard]]), [[Electronic Arts]], [[Take-Two Interactive]], [[Epic Games]], [[Valve Corporation|Valve]], [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment|Warner Bros. Games]], [[Riot Games]], and others.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-13 |title=Top 10 gaming companies made $126bn revenue last year |language=en-gb |work=Eurogamer.net |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/top-10-gaming-companies-made-126bn-revenue-last-year |access-date=2023-06-25}}</ref> Major video game events such as [[E3]], [[BlizzCon]], [[QuakeCon]], [[Summer Game Fest]] and [[PAX (event)|PAX]] are held every year in the US. For many years, [[E3]], held annually in the US, was considered the biggest gaming expo of the year in terms of its importance and impact.<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-06-11 |title=E3 2019: Video game industry readies for its major annual showcase - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/e3-2019-video-game-industry-readies-for-major-annual-showcase/ |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[The Game Awards]], [[New York Game Awards|The New York Game Awards]], and [[D.I.C.E. Awards]] are some of the most respected video game awards events in the video game industry. 103 million people watched [[The Game Awards 2022]] event alone.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-12-16 |title=The Game Awards 2022 Set New Viewership Record |url=https://gamerant.com/the-game-awards-2022-viewership-record/ |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Game Rant |language=en}}</ref> The [[Game Developers Conference]] (GDC) is still the largest and one of the most important video game conferences for video game developers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Webster |first=Andrew |date=2023-03-22 |title=GDC 2023: all the latest from the Game Developers Conference |url=https://www.theverge.com/23647882/gdc-2023-game-developer-conference-news-announcements-interviews |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref>

In statistics collected by The ESA for the year 2013, a reported 58% of Americans play video games and the average American household now owns at least one dedicated [[game console]], [[Personal computer|PC]] or [[smartphone]].<ref name="www.theesa.com">[http://www.theesa.com/facts/pdfs/ESA_EF_2013.pdf 2013 Essential Facts about the Computer and Video Game Industry] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217085611/http://www.theesa.com/facts/pdfs/ESA_EF_2013.pdf |date=February 17, 2014 }}. N.p.: Entertainment Software Association, 2013. http://www.theesa.com. Entertainment Software Association. Web. October 9, 2013.</ref> According to estimates from [[Nielsen Media Research]], approximately 45.7 million U.S. households in 2006 (or approximately 40 percent of approximately 114.4 million) owned a dedicated [[home video game console]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Arendt|first1=Susan|date=5 March 2007|title=Game Consoles in 41% of Homes|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|url=https://www.wired.com/2007/03/game-consoles-i/|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181305/https://www.wired.com/2007/03/game-consoles-i/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2008|date=30 December 2007|edition=127|series=[[Statistical Abstract of the United States]]|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]|page=52|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2007/compendia/statab/127ed/tables/pop.pdf|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181157/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2007/compendia/statab/127ed/tables/pop.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and by 2015, 51 percent of U.S. households owned a dedicated home video game console according to an [[Entertainment Software Association]] annual industry report.<ref>{{cite news|last1=North|first1=Dale|date=14 April 2015|title=155M Americans play video games, and 80% of households own a gaming device|website=[[VentureBeat]]|url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/04/14/155-million-americans-play-video-games-and-4-out-of-5-households-own-a-gaming-device/|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181338/https://venturebeat.com/2015/04/14/155-million-americans-play-video-games-and-4-out-of-5-households-own-a-gaming-device/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=2015 Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry|volume=2015|series=Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry|publisher=[[Entertainment Software Association]]|url=https://templatearchive.com/esa-essential-facts/|access-date=29 June 2021|date=|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501234256/https://templatearchive.com/esa-essential-facts/|url-status=live}}</ref> The households that own these items play games most commonly on their console or PC. 36% of U.S. gamers play on their smartphones.<ref name="www.theesa.com" /> 43% of video game consumers believe games give them the most value for their money compared to other common forms of entertainment such as movies, or music.<ref name="www.theesa.com" /> In 2011, the average American gamer spent an average of 13 hours per week playing video games.<ref>{{cite news|title=Time spent gaming on the rise - NPD |work=[[GameSpot]] |url=http://uk.gamespot.com/news/6264092.html |access-date=May 3, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023065434/http://uk.gamespot.com/news/6264092.html |archive-date=October 23, 2010 }}</ref> In 2013, almost half of Americans who were gaming more than they did in 2010 spent less time playing board games, watching TV, going to the movies, and watching movies at home.<ref name="www.theesa.com" /> When Americans game, 62% do so with others [[Online game|online]] or in person, yet the other person is more likely to be a friend than a significant other or family member.<ref name="www.theesa.com" /> The most common reason parents play video games with their children is as a fun family activity, or because they are asked to. 52% of parents believe video games are a positive part of their child's life, and 71% of parents with children under 18 see gaming as beneficial to mental stimulation or education.<ref name="www.theesa.com" />

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
|value1 = 20
|label1 = <18
|value2 = 38
|label2 = 18-34
|value3 = 14
|label3 = 35-44
|value4 = 12
|label4 = 45-54
|value5 = 9
|label5 = 55-64
|value6 = 7
|label6 = 65+}}
The number of mobile game players in the US is higher than it has ever been at more than 191 million people, or 57.3% of the population.<ref>{{cite web |title=The US Gaming Market |url=https://allcorrectgames.com/insights/usa/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=allcorrectgames.com|language=en}}</ref>
The average age of a U.S. gamer is 35, the average number of years a U.S. gamer has been playing games is 13.<ref name="www.theesa.com" /> In 2021, it was reported that the age distribution of U.S. gamers were 20% under the 18 years old, 38% were in between 18 and 34 years old, 14% were in between 35 and 44 years old, 12% were in between 45 and 54 years old, 9% were in between 55 and 64 years old, and 7% were 65 years old or over.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. video gamers age 2021 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/189582/age-of-us-video-game-players/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> The American gamer population is 54% male and 46% female. Of those females, women 18 and older account for a greater portion of the population than males younger than 18.<ref name="www.theesa.com" /> The average female video game player is 44 years old, while the average male video game player is 35.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-01-12 |title=2017 Sales, Demographic, and Usage Data: Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry |url=http://www.theesa.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/EF2017_Design_FinalDigital.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112174324/http://www.theesa.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/EF2017_Design_FinalDigital.pdf |archive-date=2018-01-12 |access-date=2018-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Frank |first=Allegra |date=2016-04-29 |title=Take a look at the average American gamer in new survey findings |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/4/29/11539102/gaming-stats-2016-esa-essential-facts |access-date=2018-04-11 |website=Polygon}}</ref> [[File:US Navy 100525-N-1831S-004 A Sailors en route to Fleet Week New York aboard the multipurpose amphibious assault ship USS Iwo Jima (LHD 7) play a demonstration copy of the new Top Gun video game.jpg|alt=A Marine playing a video game|thumb|US Marine playing ''[[Top Gun (2010 video game)|Top Gun]]'' in 2010]]

==Market statistics==
The best-selling [[Console game|console]] [[video game genres]] of 2022 were [[Action game|action]], [[Shooter game|shooters]], and [[Sports video game|sports]]. The [[PC gaming]] market's best-selling genres were [[Role-playing video game|role-playing]], [[Strategy video game|strategy]], and [[Casual game|casual]]. For [[online games]], the most popular genres are [[Puzzle video game|puzzle/trivia]], action/strategy, and casual/social games.<ref name="www.theesa.com" />
While there are many American [[video game developers]] that have been producing games for years, [[Japanese video games]] and companies have regularly been listed in the annual lists of best sellers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna4780423 |title=Video games that get lost in translation - Technology & science - Games |publisher=NBC News |date=April 28, 2004 |access-date=December 1, 2012}}</ref>
In December 2022, American consumers spent $7.6 billion on video gaming content, hardware, and accessories, up 2% from the previous month and bringing total expenditure for the year to $56.6 billion. The unit sales growth featured a similar drop with the report of 188 million units sold from 245.9 in 2021. U.S. gaming consumers spent a total of $20.77 billion on the game industry alone and currently [[DVD+RW|hard copies]] of video games are still dominating in sales compared to [[digital copy|digital copies]].<ref name="www.theesa.com" /> 2022 saw inexorable expansion in the gaming sector, particularly in online and mobile gaming. A fundamental shift in mentality is also occurring, with games now being viewed as venues for creativity, self-expression, and socialization. While major IT firms are developing their own meta-universes, new gaming technologies such as AR, VR, and MR are changing the industry.<ref>{{cite web |last=urbanemubrandon |date=2023-01-17 |title=U.S. Consumer Video Game Spending Totaled $56.6 Billion in 2022 |url=https://www.theesa.com/news/u-s-consumer-video-game-spending-totaled-56-6-billion-in-2022/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=Entertainment Software Association |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Best-selling video games===
The following titles are the top ten best-selling video games in the United States, according to sales figures from [[The NPD Group]]. The list covers [[console games]] and [[PC games]], but does not include console [[pack-in game]] bundles, [[arcade video game]]s, [[mobile games]], or [[free-to-play]] titles. Among the top ten titles, six were developed or published by Japanese company [[Nintendo]], two published by American company [[Activision]], and two from British developer [[Rockstar North]] and American publisher [[Rockstar Games]].

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Rank
! Title
! Year
! Platform(s)
! Developer
! Publisher
! Genre
! Sales
! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 1
| ''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]''
| [[2013 in video games|2013]]
| [[Multi-platform]]
| [[Rockstar North]]
| [[Rockstar Games]]
| [[Action-adventure]]
| {{Unknown}}
| <ref>{{cite web|date=November 7, 2017|title=Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Reports Results for Fiscal Second Quarter 2018|url=https://ir.take2games.com/news-releases/news-release-details/take-two-interactive-software-inc-reports-results-fiscal-second|access-date=2021-11-01|website=[[Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2
| ''[[Pokémon Red and Blue|Pokémon Red / Blue]] / [[Pokémon Yellow|Yellow]] / [[Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen|Green]]''
| [[1998 in video games|1998]]
| [[Game Boy|GB]], [[GBA]]
| [[Game Freak]]
| [[Nintendo]]
| [[Role-playing video game|Role-playing]]
| 19,370,000
| {{efn|''Red'' sold {{nowrap|4.9 million}}. ''Blue'' sold {{nowrap|5.03 million}}. ''Yellow'' sold {{nowrap|5.2 million}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Top 10 best-selling video games |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/103120573/ |access-date=20 May 2022 |work=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |date=24 September 2007 |page=A5 |url-access=subscription |quote=Source: The NPD Group}}</ref> [[Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen|''FireRed'' and ''LeafGreen'']] sold {{nowrap|2.12 million}} each.<ref name="The Magic Box">{{cite web|title=US Platinum Chart Games|url=http://www.the-magicbox.com/Chart-USPlatinum.shtml|access-date=2021-11-01|website=The Magic Box|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009200207/http://www.the-magicbox.com/Chart-USPlatinum.shtml|archive-date=2021-10-09}}</ref>}}
|-
| 3
| ''[[Wii Fit]] / [[Wii Fit Plus|Plus]]''
| [[2008 in video games|2008]]
| [[Wii]]
| [[Nintendo EAD]]
| Nintendo
| [[Exergaming]]
| {{formatnum:{{#expr:8180000+7320000}}|}}
| <ref name="Gamasutra-2012">{{cite web|date=March 8, 2012|title=Super Mario Galaxy Becomes Ninth Wii Game to Sell More Than 5 Million Units|url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/pressreleases/165245/SUPER_MARIO_GALAXY_BECOMES_NINTH_WII_GAME_TO_SELL_MORE_THAN_5%0AMILLION_UNITS.php|access-date=2021-11-01|website=[[Gamasutra]]}}</ref>
|-
| 4
| ''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops]]''
| [[2010 in video games|2010]]
| Multi-platform
| [[Treyarch]]
| [[Activision]]
| [[First-person shooter]]
| 14,983,459
| <ref name="Gamasutra">{{cite web|last=Orland|first=Kyle|date=November 8, 2011|title=Black Ops Leads 2010-2011 U.S. Sales With 15M Units|url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/38447/Black_Ops_Leads_Recent_US_Sales_With_15M_Units.php|access-date=2021-11-01|website=[[Gamasutra]]}}</ref>
|-
| 5
| ''[[Pokémon Gold and Silver|Pokémon Gold / Silver]] / [[Pokémon Crystal|Crystal]]''
| [[2000 in video games|2000]]
| [[Game Boy Color|GBC]], [[Nintendo DS|DS]]
| Game Freak
| Nintendo
| Role-playing
| 13,293,889
| {{efn|''Gold'' sold {{nowrap|3.8 million}}. ''Silver'' sold {{nowrap|3.9 million}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lazich |first1=Robert |chapter=Best-Selling Video Games, 1995-2002 |title=Market Share Reporter 2004 |date=July 28, 2003 |publisher=Cengage Gale |isbn=978-0-7876-7219-5 |page=283 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uevp51yBGyIC |quote=''Data show units sold, in millions, from 1995 through September 2002.'' (...) Source: ''[[USA Today]]'', October 30, 2002, p. 4D, from [[NPD Funworld]] TRSTS service}}</ref> ''Crystal'' sold {{nowrap|1.65 million}}.<ref name="The Magic Box"/> [[Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver|''HeartGold'' and ''SoulSilver'']] sold 3,943,889.<ref name="Gamasutra"/>}}
|-
| 6
| ''[[Wii Play]]''
| [[2006 in video games|2006]]
| Wii
| Nintendo EAD
| Nintendo
| [[Party video game|Party]]
| 13,060,000
| <ref name="Gamasutra-2012" />
|-
| 7
| ''[[Mario Kart Wii]]''
| 2008
| Wii
| Nintendo EAD
| Nintendo
| [[Kart racing game|Kart racing]]
| 11,300,000
| <ref name="Gamasutra-2012" />
|-
| 8
| ''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]''
| [[1990 in video games|1990]]
| [[NES]], GBA
| [[Nintendo R&D4]]
| Nintendo
| [[Platformer]]
| 10,880,000
| {{efn|''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'' sold more than {{nowrap|8 million}} for [[Nintendo Entertainment System]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ehrlich|first1=Willie|date=6 January 1991|title=Beeping Invasion|page=13|work=[[Lancaster Eagle-Gazette]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39434069/lancaster-eagle-gazette/|access-date=6 January 2021|quote=Super Mario Bros. 3 sold more than eight million units after its introduction last March.}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|date=1991|title=Good Housekeeping|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KgIyAQAAIAAJ|magazine=[[Good Housekeeping]]|publisher=[[Hearst Corporation]]|volume=212|page=152|quote=8 million Super Mario Bros. 3 games were sold in 1990}}</ref> ''[[Super Mario Advance 4: Super Mario Bros. 3]]'' sold {{nowrap|2.88 million}} for [[Game Boy Advance]].<ref name="The Magic Box"/>}}
|-
| 9
| ''[[Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock]]''
| [[2007 in video games|2007]]
| Multi-platform
| [[Neversoft]]
| Activision
| [[Rhythm game|Rhythm]]
| 10,200,000
| <ref name="Thorsen-2010">{{cite web|last=Thorsen|first=Tor|date=January 21, 2010|title=NPD: Wii Play top US best-seller to date|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/npd-wii-play-top-us-best-seller-to-date/1100-6246627/|access-date=2021-11-01|website=[[GameSpot]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 10
| ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]''
| [[2004 in video games|2004]]
| [[PS2]], [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]]
| Rockstar North
| Rockstar Games
| Action-adventure
| 9,800,000
| <ref name="Thorsen-2010" />
|}

=== Best-selling video games by year ===
{{Main|Best-selling video games in the United States by year}}

The following titles are the top-selling video game titles in the United States annually since 1980, with sales figures from The NPD Group since 1994.<ref name="GamingBolt">{{cite web |title=NPD Reveals List of Top Selling Games in US Annually Since 1995 |url=https://gamingbolt.com/npd-reveals-list-of-top-selling-games-in-us-annually-since-1995 |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=GamingBolt |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Colin |last=Stevens |date=2018-11-08 |title=Here Are the Best-Selling Games of Each of the Last 23 Years |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/11/08/here-are-the-best-selling-games-of-each-of-the-last-23-years |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref>

Among the 41 reported annual top-sellers between 1980 and 2022, thirteen were published by [[Nintendo]], twelve by [[Activision Blizzard]], four each by [[Atari, Inc.|Atari]] and [[Take-Two Interactive]], three by [[Electronic Arts]], and two each by [[Sega]] and [[Acclaim Entertainment]].
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Top-selling title
!Developer
!Publisher
!Platform
! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference(s)}}
|-
|1980
|''[[Space Invaders]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Taito]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Atari, Inc.|Atari]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Atari VCS]]
|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kent |first1=Steven L. |url=https://retrocdn.net/images/9/9c/UltimateHistoryofVideoGames_Book_US.pdf#page=207 |title=The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond |publisher=Three Rivers Press |isbn=978-0-7615-3643-7 |page=190 |author-link=Steven L. Kent}}</ref>
|-
|1981
|''[[Space Invaders]]''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite book |title=Cartridge Sales Since 1980 |publisher=[[Atari Corp.]]}} Via {{cite episode |title=The Agony & The Ecstasy |series=Once Upon Atari |date=August 10, 2003 |number=4 |minutes=23 |publisher=Scott West Productions}}</ref>
|-
|1982
|[[Pac-Man (Atari 2600 video game)|''Pac-Man'']]
|[[Namco]], [[Atari, Inc.|Atari]]
|-
|1983
|''[[Ms. Pac-Man]]''
|[[General Computer Corporation|GCC]], [[Midway Games|Midway]]
|-
|1986
|''[[Super Mario Bros.]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Nintendo R&D4]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Nintendo]]
| rowspan="5" |[[NES]]
|<ref name="Famitsu83">{{cite magazine |date=16 April 1993 |title=Count Down Hot 100: USA Hot 10! |url=https://archive.org/details/famitsu-issue-226-apr-1993/page/83 |magazine=[[Famicom Tsūshin]] |issue=226 |page=83 |lang=ja}}</ref>
|-
|1987
|''[[The Legend of Zelda (video game)|The Legend of Zelda]]''
|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lindner |first1=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/06Kahle001551 |title=Video Games: Past, Present and Future; An Industry Overview |date=1990 |publisher=[[Nintendo of America]] |location=United States}}</ref>
|-
|1988
|''[[Super Mario Bros./Duck Hunt]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Nintendo]]
|<ref>{{cite magazine |date=1989 |title=Tops in Toyland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2lbuAAAAMAAJ |magazine=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |publisher=U.S. News Publishing Corporation |volume=106 |page=80 |quote=Best-selling toys of 1988 (...) 1. [[NES Action Set|Action set]] (Nintendo)}}</ref>
|-
|1989
|''[[Super Mario Bros./Duck Hunt]]''
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1aqZAAAAIAAJ |title=Asian Sources Gifts & Home Products |date=1991 |publisher=Trade Media Limited. |volume=9 |pages=260–1 |quote=Toy production climbed 5.2 percent amounting to 439,900 million yen in 1989. (...) Best sellers in the United States were the [[NES Action Set|Action Set]], Ninja Turtle and Game Boy, all made by Nintendo. |issue=10}}</ref>
|-
|1990
|''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]''
|[[Nintendo R&D4]]
|<ref name="Famitsu83" />
|-
|1991
|''[[Sonic the Hedgehog (1991 video game)|Sonic the Hedgehog]]''
|[[Sonic Team]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sega]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Sega Genesis|Genesis]]
|<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTMKAq-abSE |title=Sonic the Hedgehog 2 Launch (Sonic 2sday) |date=November 24, 1992 |last1=Kalinske |first1=Tom |publisher=[[Sega of America]] |author1-link=Tom Kalinske |time=0:32 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316072404/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTMKAq-abSE |archive-date=March 16, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1992
|''[[Sonic the Hedgehog 2]]''
|[[Sega]]
|<ref>{{cite magazine |date=1993 |title=Video Hits: 1992's top video-game sellers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXopAQAAIAAJ |magazine=[[Business Week]] |publisher=McGraw-Hill |issue=3335–3338 |page=6 |quote=1992's top video-game sellers Rank {{nbsp}} Company/Game {{nbsp}} Millions sold 1 {{nbsp}} Sega ''/ Sonic The Hedgehog 2'' {{nbsp}} 2.0 2 {{nbsp}} Capcom ''/ Street Fighter II'' {{nbsp}} 1.0 3 {{nbsp}} Nintendo ''/ The Legend of Zelda'' {{nbsp}} 1.0 Data: Company Reports}}</ref>
|-
|1993
|[[Mortal Kombat (1992 video game)|''Mortal Kombat'']]
|[[Midway Games|Midway]]
|[[Acclaim Entertainment|Acclaim]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 1994 |title=Video game violence under attack |pages=G |work=[[The Bulletin (Bend)|The Bulletin]] |location=Oregon, United States |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=woRTAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA32&article_id=3308,3587101}}</ref>
|-
|1994
|''[[Donkey Kong Country]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Rare (company)|Rare]]
| rowspan="8" |[[Nintendo]]
| rowspan="2" |[[SNES]]
|<ref>{{cite book |title=The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1996 |publisher=[[World Almanac|World Almanac Books]] |year=1995 |editor1-last=Famighetti |editor1-first=Robert |page=259 |chapter=Top-Selling Video Games, 1994 |quote=Source: The NPD TRSTS Video Game Tracking Service, [[The NPD Group, Inc.]], Port Washington, NY; ranked by units sold |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/worldalmanac96bk00fami/page/259 |chapter-url-access=registration}}</ref>
|-
|1995
|''[[Donkey Kong Country]]''
|<ref>{{cite book |title=The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1997 |publisher=[[World Almanac|World Almanac Books]] |year=1996 |isbn=9780886878016 |page=293 |chapter=Top-Selling Video Games, 1995 |quote=Source: The NPD TRSTS Video Game Tracking Service, The NPD Group, Inc., Port Washington, NY; ranked by units sold |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/worldalmanacbook1997mahw/page/293 |chapter-url-access=registration}}</ref>
|-
|1996
|''[[Super Mario 64]]''
| rowspan="3" |[[Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development|Nintendo EAD]]
| rowspan="3" |[[N64]]
|<ref name="GamingBolt" />
|-
|1997
|''[[Mario Kart 64]]''
|<ref name="GamingBolt" />
|-
|1998
|''[[The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time]]''
|<ref name="GamingBolt" />
|-
|1999
|''[[Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow|Pokémon Red / Blue / Yellow]]''
| rowspan="3" |[[Game Freak]]
|[[Game Boy]]
|<ref>{{cite news |date=January 13, 2000 |title=Nintendo Dominates Videogame Sales: A small crop of N64 games followed the pace set by Game Boy titles |work=[[IGN]] |url=http://ign64.ign.com/articles/073/073963p1.html |url-status=dead |access-date=25 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020812205849/http://ign64.ign.com/articles/073/073963p1.html |archive-date=2002-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 February 2000 |title=Games Industry Sales Top $7.4 Billion in 1999 |work=Spectrum: Interactive Media & Online Developer News |publisher=[[PC Data]] |url=http://www.3dlinks.com/spectrum/issues/spectrum-feb-07-00.cfm |access-date=25 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000915085402/http://www.3dlinks.com/spectrum/issues/spectrum-feb-07-00.cfm |archive-date=2000-09-15}}</ref>
|-
|2000
|''[[Pokémon Gold and Silver|Pokémon Gold / Silver]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Game Boy Color|GBC]]
|<ref>{{Citation |last= |first= |title=TRST: Top Selling Games of 2000 |date=19 January 2001 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2001/01/19/trst-top-selling-games-of-2000 |work=[[IGN]] |access-date=2021-10-30}}</ref>
|-
|2001
|''[[Pokémon Gold, Silver, and Crystal|Pokémon Gold / Silver / Crystal]]''
|<ref>{{Cite book |title=WIPO Guide on the Licensing of Copyright and Related Rights |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO) |year=2004 |page=72 |chapter=The top five selling videogame software titles sold in the United States for 2001 |chapter-url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/copyright/897/wipo_pub_897.pdf#page=73 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906034145/http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/copyright/897/wipo_pub_897.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-06}}</ref>
|-
|2002
|''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]''
|[[Rockstar Games|Rockstar North]]
|[[Take-Two Interactive]]
| rowspan="5" |[[PS2]]
|<ref name="GamingBolt" />
|-
|2003
|''[[Madden NFL 2004]]''
|[[EA Tiburon]]
|[[Electronic Arts]]
|<ref name="GamingBolt" />
|-
|2004
|''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]''
|[[Rockstar Games|Rockstar North]]
|[[Take-Two Interactive]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=NPD: $9.9 billion worth of console games sold in 2004 |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/npd-99-billion-worth-of-console-games-sold-in-2004/1100-6116499/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2005
|''[[Madden NFL 06]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[EA Tiburon]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Electronic Arts]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Top-selling console games in 2005: Madden NFL 06, Pokemon Emerald, Gran Turismo 4 |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/top-selling-console-games-in-2005-madden-nfl-06-pokemon-emerald-gran-turismo-4/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=ZDNET |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2006
|''[[Madden NFL 07]]''
|<ref>{{cite web |title=The Best-Selling Games Of 2006 |url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/12/15/video-games-bestsellers-tech-cx_mk_games06_1215sales.html |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2007
|''[[Halo 3]]''
|[[Bungie]]
|[[Xbox Game Studios|Microsoft Game Studios]]
|[[Xbox 360]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=NPD: 2007 game earnings nearly $18 billion, Halo 3 sells 4.82 million |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/npd-2007-game-earnings-nearly-18-billion-halo-3-sells-482-million/1100-6184847/#:~:text=NPD:%202007%20game%20earnings%20nearly%20$18%20billion,%20Halo,Diamond%20(DS,%20Nintendo)%20-%202.48%20million%20More%20items |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2008
|''[[Wii Play]]''
|[[Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development|Nintendo EAD]]
|[[Nintendo]]
|[[Wii]]
|<ref>{{cite web |first=Brendan |last=Sinclair |date=January 15, 2009 |title=NPD: 2008 game sales reach $21 billion, Wii Play sells 5.28M |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6203257.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116183248/http://www.gamespot.com/news/6203257.html |archive-date=January 16, 2009 |access-date=January 17, 2009 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Brightman |date=January 15, 2009 |title=NPD: Nintendo Drives '08 Industry Sales Past $21 Billion |url=http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/news/npd-nintendo-drives-08-industry-sales-past-21-billion-/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331220939/http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/news/npd-nintendo-drives-08-industry-sales-past-21-billion-/ |archive-date=March 31, 2009 |access-date=January 17, 2009 |publisher=[[GameDaily]]}}</ref>
|-
|2009
|''[[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2]]''
|[[Infinity Ward]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Infinity Ward|Activision Blizzard]]
| rowspan="15" |Multi-platform
|<ref>{{cite web |title=US 2009 game retail sales total $19.66 billion - NPD |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/us-2009-game-retail-sales-total-1966-billion-npd/1100-6246425/#:~:text=US%202009%20game%20retail%20sales%20total%20$19.66%20billion,with%20Wii%20Remote%20(Wii)%20-%20Nintendo%20More%20items |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops]]''
|[[Treyarch]]
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-01-14 |title=The Best Selling Games of 2010 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2011/01/14/the-best-selling-games-of-2010 |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|''[[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3]]''
|[[Infinity Ward]], [[Sledgehammer Games]]
|<ref>{{cite web |first1=Henry |last1=Gilbert |date=2012-01-13 |title=Top 10 best-selling games of 2011 worldwide includes tons of warfare and dancing |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/top-10-best-selling-games-2011-worldwide-includes-tons-warfare-and-dancing/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=gamesradar |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops II]]''
|[[Treyarch]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=NPD: Black Ops II is US top-selling game of 2012 |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/npd-black-ops-ii-is-us-top-selling-game-of-2012/1100-6402271/#:~:text=NPD:%20Black%20Ops%20II%20is%20US%20top-selling%20game,Vita,%20Wii%20U)%20-%20Electronic%20Arts%20More%20items |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]''
|[[Rockstar Games|Rockstar North]]
|[[Take-Two Interactive]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Sinclair |first=Brendan |date=2014-01-16 |title=Grand Theft Auto V best-selling game of 2013 - NPD |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/grand-theft-auto-v-best-selling-game-of-2013-npd |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|''[[Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare]]''
|[[Sledgehammer Games]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Activision Blizzard]]
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2015-01-16 |title=These are the best-selling games of 2014, NPD says |url=https://www.techspot.com/news/59431-best-selling-games-2014-npd.html |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=TechSpot |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops III]]''
|[[Treyarch]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Here Are The Best Selling Video Games of 2015 |url=https://fortune.com/2016/01/14/here-are-the-best-selling-video-games-of-2015/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''[[Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare]]''
|[[Infinity Ward]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Arox |date=2017-01-20 |title=NPD Announces Best-Selling Games of 2016 |url=https://www.sportsgamersonline.com/games/ndp-announces-best-selling-games-2016/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Sports Gamers Online |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''[[Call of Duty: WWII]]''
|[[Sledgehammer Games]]
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-01-18 |title=NPD 2017: The 10 best-selling games of the year |url=https://venturebeat.com/pc-gaming/npd-2017-the-10-best-selling-games-of-the-year/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''[[Red Dead Redemption 2]]''
|[[Rockstar Games|Rockstar Studios]]
|[[Take-Two Interactive]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Valentine |first=Rebekah |date=2019-01-23 |title=NPD: US video games sales reached $43.4 billion last year |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/npd-us-video-games-sales-reached-usd43-4-billion-last-year |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|[[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019 video game)|''Call of Duty: Modern Warfare'']]
|[[Infinity Ward]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Activision Blizzard]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Webb |first=Kevin |title=Video game sales are down in 2019 as the industry prepares for the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X, but that didn't stop this year's best-sellers from setting new records |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/best-selling-video-games-of-the-year-2019-2019-12 |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War]]''
|[[Treyarch]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Top-Selling Games And Consoles Of 2020 Revealed For The US |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/top-selling-games-and-consoles-of-2020-revealed-for-the-us/1100-6486361/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Call of Duty: Vanguard]]''
|[[Sledgehammer Games]]
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-01-18 |title=NPD: The top 20 best-selling games of 2021 in the U.S. |url=https://venturebeat.com/games/npd-the-top-20-best-selling-games-of-2021-in-the-u-s/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|[[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II (2022 video game)|''Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II'']]
|[[Infinity Ward]]
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-01-16 |title=NPD has revealed the best-selling games of 2022 in the United States |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/npd-has-revealed-the-best-selling-games-of-2022-in-the-united-states/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=VGC |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[Hogwarts Legacy]]
|[[Avalanche Software]]
|[[Warner Bros. Games]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hogwarts Legacy beast aellin game of 2023 |url=https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=673&q=Hogwarts+Legacy+beast+aellin+game+of+2023&cvid=e6b73119b5d24d0bacfaf9f454308f30&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIECAEQADIECAIQADIECAMQADIECAQQADIECAUQADIECAYQADIECAcQADIECAgQANIBCDU3MjFqMGoxqAIAsAIA&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=U531 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Bing |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==History==

===1940s===
{{See also|Early history of video games|Early mainframe games}}

The beginning of video games can be traced to the year 1940, when American nuclear physicist [[Edward Condon]] designed a computer capable of playing the traditional game [[Nim]]. This device would have tens of thousands of people play it even though the computer won 90% of the time. Seven years later an American television pioneer, [[Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr.]], patented an [[oscilloscope]] displayed device that challenged players to fire a gun at a target.<ref name="www.icheg.org">"[http://www.icheg.org/icheg-game-history/timeline/ Video Game History Timeline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301134044/http://www.icheg.org/icheg-game-history/timeline/ |date=March 1, 2014 }}." ICHEG. International Center for the History of Electronic Games, n.d. Web. October 10, 2013.</ref>

===1950s===
At the start of the 1950s another American, [[Claude Shannon]], wrote basic guidelines on [[Computer programming|programming]] a computer.<ref name="www.icheg.org" /> Although ''[[OXO (video game)|OXO]]'' was created in England by the year 1952, the findings and inventions of the Americans described helped make it possible.<ref>Cohen, D. S. [http://classicgames.about.com/od/computergames/p/OXOProfile.html 'OXO Aka Noughts and Crosses - The First Video Game"]{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}," "[[About.com]]"n.d. Web. October 15, 2013. Retrieved on November 5, 2013</ref> The U.S. military dove into the computer age with the creation of a game titled ''Hutspiel.'' Considered a war game'', [[Hutspiel]]'' depicted [[NATO]] and [[Soviet]] commanders waging war. The [[IBM 701]] computer received programs such as [[Blackjack]] and [[Checkers]]. A later IBM model featured a [[chess]] program that was capable of evaluating four [[Ply (game theory)|ply]] ahead. The 1950s also included the largely forgotten [[tennis]] game created by [[Willy Higinbotham]] that anticipated the famous game ''[[Pong]].''<ref name="www.icheg.org" />

===1960s===
The military continued to take part in video gaming in the 1960s when, shortly after the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] The Defense Department created a war game known as ''STAGE'' (Simulation of Total Atomic Global Exchange). ''STAGE'' was created to be political propaganda that showcased how the U.S. would be victorious in a [[Thermonuclear]] war with the Soviet Union.<ref name="www.icheg.org" /> The idea of video games that were usable on televisions was conceived by the engineer [[Ralph Baer]] and with the help of a team, Baer completed two successful TV games in this decade. The first [[interactive media]] computer game, ''[[Spacewar (video game)|Spacewar]]'', eventually had the future founders of [[Atari]] create an [[arcade game]] of it titled ''[[Computer Space]]'' that became the first video arcade game ever released.<ref name="www.icheg.org" /><ref name="www.infoplease.com">Kudler, Amanda. [http://www.infoplease.com/spot/gamestimeline1.html "Timeline: Video Games."]," ''Infoplease'', 2007. Retrieved on November 3, 2013.</ref>

===1970s===
{{See also|History of arcade video games|First generation of video game consoles|Second generation of video game consoles}}

The 1970s included the birth of the [[Video Game Console|video game console]]. The first console released was titled ''[[Magnavox Odyssey]]'' and the foundation of Atari occurred around the same time, marking the start of ''Pong's'' development. Upon ''Pong's'' completion it became the hottest selling Christmas product of 1975. The evolution of the console was incredibly rapid. A few years after their invention, consoles received [[microprocessors]] and programmable [[ROM cartridge]] based games, allowing users the ability to change games by simply switching cartridges. Important consoles released at this time were the ''[[Telstar (game console)|Telstar]], [[Fairchild Channel F]], ''and ''[[Atari 2600]].'' Arcade games also received advances with the game ''[[Space Invaders]]'', which allowed high scores to be tracked and displayed. A year later the game ''[[Asteroids (video game)|Asteroids]] ''built on the idea and gave high scorers the ability to enter initials by their scores.<ref name="www.icheg.org" /><ref name="www.infoplease.com" />

===1980s===
{{See also|Third generation of video game consoles|Fourth generation of video game consoles}}

The technological advances of the late 1970s led to the introduction of the [[Intellivision]] in 1980, which featured better [[video game graphics]] but a higher price tag. In two years, the [[Commodore 64]] changed the market by not only being the most powerful console of the time but also the cheapest. With the lowered prices, popularity of the video game industry continued to grow and the first video game magazine, ''[[Electronic Games]]'', was printed. However, attempts to copycat on the success of the Atari 2600 saturated the market, and the [[video game crash of 1983]] decimated the industry in the United States. With the American-produced games on the downswing, [[Nintendo]] successfully launched the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] in America in 1985, revitalizing the market with the introduction of the [[Third generation of video game consoles|third]] and [[Fourth generation of video game consoles|fourth generation]] of home consoles such as the [[Master System]], [[Game Boy]], [[Sega Genesis]], [[Atari 7800]], and the [[TurboGrafx-16]], with systems transitioning to support 3D graphics and support for optical media rather than cartridges.<ref name="www.icheg.org" /><ref name="www.infoplease.com" />

===1990s===
{{See also|Fifth generation of video game consoles|Sixth generation of video game consoles}}

The 1990s saw the introduction of the [[Super NES]], [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]], [[Nintendo 64]], [[Tamagotchi]], and [[Dreamcast]], whose sales brought the damaged video game industry back to life. During this decade, the PlayStation was considered the most popular console when its 20 millionth unit sold. In 1993, the video game industries' first debate began and its focus was on violence found in video games. This debate fueled Senator [[Joseph Lieberman]]'s desire to ban all violent games and from this investigation the [[Entertainment Software Rating Board]] was created in 1994; giving all games a printed suggested age rating on their packaging.<ref name="www.icheg.org" /><ref name="www.infoplease.com" /><ref name="www.g4tv.com">{{cite news|title= Video Games On Trial: Part Four -- In Summation, Looking Towards November 2|publisher= [[G4 (U.S. TV channel)|G4]]|url= http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/707995/video-games-on-trial-part-four-in-summation-looking-towards-november-2/#ixzz1LKbTiJnL|access-date= May 3, 2011|archive-date= October 17, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121017093307/http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/707995/video-games-on-trial-part-four-in-summation-looking-towards-november-2/#ixzz1LKbTiJnL|url-status= dead}}</ref>

===2000s===
{{Main|Seventh generation of video game consoles}}

[[File:Xbox-console.jpg|thumb|[[Xbox (console)|Xbox]] (2001 console)]]
The 2000s brought Sony even more popularity when its [[PlayStation 2]] had such a high American consumer demand that it actually affected the console's availability to be purchased during the first few shipments; the PlayStation 2 remains the best-selling console of all time in the United States. [[Microsoft]] and [[Nintendo]] also saw this popularity with the release of their own [[Sixth generation of video game consoles|sixth]] and [[Seventh generation of video game consoles|seventh generation]] of consoles, the [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]] and [[GameCube]], respectively. Mass availability of the [[Internet]] introduced online connectivity on consoles for multiplayer games as well as digital storefronts to sell games. Digital storefronts also enabled the growth of the [[indie game]] market, expanding from computers onto consoles over this decade. [[Motion control]]-enabled games, popularized by the [[Wii]] console, grew in popularity.<ref name="www.icheg.org" /><ref name="www.infoplease.com" /> According to estimates from [[Nielsen Media Research]], approximately 45.7 million U.S. households in 2006 (or approximately 40 percent of approximately 114.4 million) owned a dedicated [[home video game console]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Arendt|first1=Susan|date=March 5, 2007|title=Game Consoles in 41% of Homes|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|url=https://www.wired.com/2007/03/game-consoles-i/|access-date=June 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2008|date=December 30, 2007|edition=127|series=[[Statistical Abstract of the United States]]|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]|page=52|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2007/compendia/statab/127ed/tables/pop.pdf|access-date=June 29, 2021}}</ref>

===2010s===
{{Main|Eighth generation of video game consoles}}

[[File:PS4-Console-wDS4.jpg|thumb|[[PlayStation 4]] designed by American video game designer [[Mark Cerny]]]]
Within the 2010s, a larger shift towards casual and [[mobile gaming]] on smartphones and tablets became significant, in part due to a wider demographic of video game players drawing in more female and older players.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://gamasutra.com/blogs/IevgenLeonov/20141229/233307/Mobile_and_Social_Gaming_Industry_2014_Highlights.php | title = Mobile and Social Gaming Industry: 2014 Highlights | publisher = [[Gamasutra]] | date = December 29, 2014 | access-date= October 5, 2015 | first = Ievgen | last = Leonov }}</ref> The concept of [[Games as a service]], emerged as a trend for developers and publishers to have long-tail monetization of a game well after release. Continuing from the previous decade, a large number of [[independent video game development|independently developed video games]] emerged as games on par with those from major publishers, made easier to promote and distribute through digital storefronts on personal computers, consoles, and mobile store markets. All three major console manufacturers released [[History of video game consoles (eighth generation)|next generation]] consoles: [[Xbox One]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[Wii U]], and [[Nintendo Switch]]. Major developments in mixed reality games - both [[augmented reality]] and [[virtual reality]] - grew in popularity during the 2010s as the cost of required hardware dropped. [[Esport]]s became a significant market in the United States after its initial popularity in Eastern Asia countries. In 2015, 51 percent of U.S. households owned a dedicated home video game console according to an [[Entertainment Software Association]] annual industry [[Memorandum|report]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=North|first1=Dale|date=April 14, 2015|title=155M Americans play video games, and 80% of households own a gaming device|website=[[VentureBeat]]|url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/04/14/155-million-americans-play-video-games-and-4-out-of-5-households-own-a-gaming-device/|access-date=June 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=2015 Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry|volume=2015|series=Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry|publisher=[[Entertainment Software Association]]|url=https://templatearchive.com/esa-essential-facts/|access-date=June 29, 2021}}</ref>

===2020s===
{{Main|Ninth generation of video game consoles}}
{{multiple image |total_width=250
|image1=Xbox series X (50648118708).jpg
|image2=Xbox Series S with controller on box.jpg
|footer=[[Xbox Series X and Series S|Xbox Series X/S]]}}
Microsoft and Sony have released their successors to their eighth generation consoles in November 2020, the [[Xbox Series X and Series S|Xbox Series X/S]] and [[PlayStation 5]]. Both systems support high-definition graphics, real-time ray-tracing, game streaming and cloud-based gaming. Nintendo has continued with their [[Nintendo Switch]] at the beginning of this decade.

With the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and lockdown causing people to stay in their homes, people picked up video games which caused a big boom in sales throughout 2019 all the way into 2021. [[The NPD Group]] reported that video game sales in North America in March 2020 were up 34% from those in March 2019, video game hardware up by 63%.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-21|title=March 2020 NPD: Animal Crossing powers March to blockbuster game sales|url=https://venturebeat.com/2020/04/21/march-2020-npd-animal-crossing-powers-march-to-blockbuster-game-sales/|access-date=2021-04-21|website=VentureBeat|language=en-US}}</ref> Game companies also saw this as an opportunity to expand what they could do to entertain, so [[Epic Games]] hosted the first and second ever live in-game concert through ''[[Fortnite]]'', first with [[Marshmello]] and second with "an in-game [[Travis Scott]] concert saw over 12 million concurrent views from players".<ref>{{cite web|last=Miceli|first=Max|date=2020-04-27|title=Fortnite's Travis Scott concert drew more than 27.7 million unique participants|url=https://dotesports.com/fortnite/news/fortnites-travis-scott-concert-drew-more-than-27-7-million-unique-participants|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Dot Esports|language=en-US}}</ref>

The American video game industry experienced significant resurgence in mergers and acquisitions between 2020 and 2024. Video game companies anticipated that the substantial growth observed during the pandemic would persist afterward, prompting many firms to explore mergers and acquisitions. Between 2020 and 2024, 8 out of the 20 [[List of most expensive video game acquisitions|most expensive video game acquisitions]] in history were made by American publishers, with major American publishers such as Microsoft Gaming, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Take-Two Interactive, and Electronic Arts each making at least one acquisition.

There have been [[2023–2024 video game industry layoffs|widespread layoffs]] in the US video game business starting in 2023 and going into 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-10 |title=59 Days Into 2024 And 8,100+ Video Game Layoffs Have Been Announced |url=https://kotaku.com/game-industry-layoffs-how-many-2024-unity-twitch-1851155818 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Kotaku |language=en}}</ref> The layoffs were the result of multiple causes coming together, rather than occurring all at once. The COVID-19 epidemic drove up demand for video games.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carpenter |first=Nicole |date=2024-02-19 |title=What's going on with all these video game industry layoffs? |url=https://www.polygon.com/gaming/24074767/video-game-industry-layoffs-explainer |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Polygon |language=en-US}}</ref> In anticipation of continued growth, this prompted businesses to make large investments in staff expansion, mergers, and acquisitions. But when the market recovered and the world opened up, the quick development proved unsustainable, and businesses were forced to make cuts as their operating costs ballooned. According to Mat Piscatella, Executive Director of [[The NPD Group|Circana]] (The NPD Group), the most optimistic forecast for the American video game industry in 2024 forecasts a possible decline of roughly 2%. On the other hand, a more negative outlook would predict a 10% decrease, with an even bigger drop possible if things become much worse.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinclair |first=Brendan |date=2024-03-13 |title=2024 game spending down 2% is Circana analyst's "most optimistic" outlook |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/2024-game-spending-down-2-is-circana-analysts-most-optimistic-outlook |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |language=en}}</ref> DDM Games reported that the industry is presently going through a "reset phase." Businesses are using layoffs, divestitures, and closures as a means of reorganizing their operations. Since the growth surge brought on by the epidemic has receded, recalibration is now necessary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=Dade |date=2024-02-22 |title=Video Game Sector Will "Struggle Finding Footing" In 2024 As Growth Retreats To Pre-Covid Levels, New Report Predicts |url=https://deadline.com/2024/02/video-game-sector-will-struggle-finding-footing-in-2024-as-growth-retreats-to-pre-covid-levels-new-report-predicts-1235834195/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref>

Effective 12:01 am on July 26, 2024, [[SAG-AFTRA]] initiated a [[2024 SAG AFTRA video game strike|labor strike]] against all video game companies which were signed on the Internative Media Agreement due to concerns over lack of protections for video game performers, as well as the images and voices of other actors, from [[A.I.]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/sagaftra-video-game-performers-ai-strike-4f4c7d846040c24553dbc2604e5b6034|title=Video game performers will go on strike over artificial intelligence concerns|first=Sarah|last=Parvini|publisher=Associated Press|date=July 26, 2024|accessdate=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sagaftra.org/videogamestrike|title=SAG-AFTRA Members Who Work on Video Games Go on Strike; A.I. Protections Remain the Sticking Point|publisher=SAG-AFTRA|date=July 26, 2024|access-date=July 26, 2024}}</ref>

== Cultural impact on the global gaming industry ==

With [[Role-playing game|RPG]] video game series such as ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'', ''[[The Elder Scrolls]]'', and [[Fallout (franchise)|''Fallout'']], and [[first-person shooter]]s series such as ''[[Doom (franchise)|Doom]]'', [[Halo (franchise)|Halo]], [[Half-Life (series)|''Half-Life'']], and ''[[BioShock (series)|BioShock]]'', the American video game industry has heavily influenced the global gaming industry. Some of the best-selling and most popular video games ever made such as [[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II (2022 video game)|''Call of Duty'']], ''[[Fortnite]]'', ''[[World of Warcraft]]'', ''[[Overwatch]]'', ''[[League of Legends]]'', ''[[Valorant]]'', [[Counter-Strike: Global Offensive|''CSGO'']], ''[[Dota 2]]'', ''[[Apex Legends]]'' and ''[[Roblox]]'' were made in the United States. Some of the most revolutionary video games such as [[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim|''Skyrim'']], [[Half-Life (video game)|''Half-Life'']], and ''BioShock'', were also made in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |last=Famularo |first=Jessica |title='Skyrim' Changed RPGs Forever |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/22299-elder-scrolls-skyrim-influence-rpgs |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Inverse |date=October 18, 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=McIntyre |first=Brandon |date=2019-12-10 |title=Why Skyrim Is The Video Game Industry's Game Of The Decade |url=https://www.thegamer.com/why-skyrim-is-video-game-industry-game-of-the-decade/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=TheGamer |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chmielarz |first1=Adrian |date=2013-04-12 |title=How Bioshock Infinite Revolutionized Video Games 2 |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/how-bioshock-infinite-revolutionized-video-games |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Game Developer |language=en}}</ref>
Alongside video games, American companies such as [[Epic Games]] have also contributed to the video game industry with high-technology. [[Unreal Engine]] and [[Unity (game engine)|Unity]] are considered to be one of the best and most popular video game engines of all time.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-01-16 |title=What is the best game engine: is Unreal Engine right for you? |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/what-is-the-best-game-engine-is-unreal-engine-4-the-right-game-engine-for-you |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |language=en}}</ref> With the rise of [[Steam (service)|Steam]] in the mid-2010s and easy access to video game making tools and engines, it sparked the rise of Indie games.<ref>{{cite web |last=Millsap |first=Zack |date=2020-06-13 |title=How Digital Downloads Sparked the Rise of Indie Games |url=https://www.cbr.com/digital-downloads-sparked-indie-games-rise/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=CBR |language=en-US}}</ref>
The United States has some of the largest and most respected and popular video game news cites and journalists in the world. Some of them are [[Game Informer]], [[Metacritic]], [[IGN]], [[GameSpot]], [[GamesRadar+]], [[The Verge]], [[Kotaku]], [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]], and [[Giant Bomb|Giantbomb]].<ref name="aelieve.com-2023">{{cite web |date=2023-03-05 |title=Top 20 Best Video Game Review Sites - Aelieve Digital Marketing & Web Design Ranked - October |url=https://aelieve.com/rankings/websites/category/gaming/best-video-game-review-websites/ |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=aelieve.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="makeuseof.com">{{cite web |date=2019-12-12 |title=The 7 Best Gaming News Sites and Game Review Sites |url=https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/10-websites-latest-game-reviews-gaming-news/ |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=MUO |language=en}}</ref> Some of the most respected video game journalists, such as [[Jason Schreier]], are also from the United States.<ref name="makeuseof.com" /><ref name="aelieve.com-2023" />

=== American video game personalities ===
[[File:The Game Awards 2018 - Shawn Layden, Phil Spencer, Reggie Fils-Aime (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Sony Interactive Entertainment America]] president [[Shawn Layden]], [[Xbox]] head [[Phil Spencer (business executive)|Phil Spencer]], and [[Nintendo of America]] president [[Reggie Fils-Aimé]] at [[The Game Awards 2018]] |upright=1.25]]
Some of the most influential video directors, designers, developers, journalists and businesspeople are American. Notable American video game personalities include: ''[[Civilization (series)|Civilization]]'' creator [[Sid Meier]]; Valve and Steam founder [[Gabe Newell]]; ''[[The Elder Scrolls]]'' producer [[Todd Howard]]; ''[[Half-Life: Alyx]]'', ''[[Firewatch]]'', and ''[[The Walking Dead (video game)|The Walking Dead]]'' writer [[Sean Vanaman]]; ''[[The Last of Us (franchise)|The Last of Us]]'' creators [[Neil Druckmann]] and [[Bruce Straley]]; Microsoft Gaming CEO [[Phil Spencer (business executive)|Phil Spencer]]; ''[[Uncharted]]'' creator [[Amy Hennig]]; [[Activision Blizzard]] former CEO [[Bobby Kotick]]; ''[[God of War (franchise)|God of War]]'' and ''[[Twisted Metal]]'' co-creator [[David Jaffe]]; [[Double Fine]] founder [[Tim Schafer]]; ''[[Mortal Kombat]]'' creator [[Ed Boon]]; ''[[God of War (2018 video game)|God of War]]'' (2018) director [[Cory Barlog]]; ''[[Crash Bandicoot]]'' co-creator [[Jason Rubin]]; ''[[God of War III]]'' and ''[[Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order|Star Wars Jedi]]'' director [[Stig Asmussen]]; [[Video game journalism|video game journalist]] [[Jason Schreier]]; ''[[Fallout: New Vegas]]'' director [[Josh Sawyer]]; [[inXile Entertainment]] CEO [[Brian Fargo]]; ''[[Doom (franchise)|Doom]]'' and ''[[Quake (series)|Quake]]'' creators [[John Romero]] and [[John Carmack]]; ''[[BioShock (series)|BioShock]]'' creator [[Ken Levine (game developer)|Ken Levine]]; co-founder of [[Bungie]] and ''[[Halo (franchise)|Halo]]'' and ''[[Destiny (video game)|Destiny]]'' co-creator, [[Jason Jones (programmer)|Jason Jones]]; ''[[Gears of War]]'' creator [[Cliff Bleszinski]]; former [[Nintendo of America]] president [[Reggie Fils-Aimé]]; former [[Blizzard Entertainment]] president [[Mike Ybarra]]; and game and console designer [[Mark Cerny]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 100 Game Creators |publisher=IGN |url=https://www.ign.com/lists/top-100-game-creators |access-date=2023-06-26 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Criticisms ===
While the rise of American multiplayer games has grown the global video game industry, many video game journalists and gamers have heavily criticized some of the decisions and changes made by American companies, such as the addition of [[Microtransaction|micro-transactions]] in video games.<ref>{{cite web |title=Star Wars Battlefront 2's Loot Box Controversy Explained |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/star-wars-battlefront-2s-loot-box-controversy-expl/1100-6455155/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref> After the release and huge success of ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild]]'' in 2017, ''[[Elden Ring]]'' in 2022 and ''[[Baldur's Gate 3]]'' in 2023, complaints started pouring in that the American gaming industry was lacking far behind and not investing enough in innovation such as Japanese and European gaming companies.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-02-06 |title=Breath of the Wild is finally influencing open-world games |url=https://www.nintendo.destructoid.com/breath-of-the-wild-influence-new-open-world-games-hfw-halo-sonic-pokemon/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Destructoid - Nintendo |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Friend |first=Devin |date=2022-12-02 |title=Now's The Best Time To Play Zelda: BOTW (Again) |url=https://screenrant.com/zelda-botw-holiday-game-tears-kingdom-release-date/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=ScreenRant |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Baldur's Gate 3 is Causing Some Developers to Panic |publisher=IGN |date=2023-08-10 |url=https://www.ign.com/videos/baldurs-gate-3-is-causing-some-developers-to-panic |access-date=2023-08-10 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Best-selling American games worldwide ===
{{Main|List of best-selling video games}}

This is the list of best selling video games worldwide made by American developers, based on the [[List of best-selling video games|best selling video games]] article.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Rank
!Title
!Sales
!Developer
!Publisher
!Ref.
|-
|1.
|''[[Tetris (Electronic Arts)|Tetris]]'' [[Tetris (Electronic Arts)|(EA)]]
|100,000,000
|[[EA Mobile]]
|[[Electronic Arts]]
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-01-20 |title=Tetris Game Surpasses 100 Million Paid Mobile Downloads, Is the Best-Selling Mobile Phone Game of All Time |url=https://www.ea.com/news/tetris-game-surpasses-100-million-mobile-downloads |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Electronic Arts Inc. |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2.
|''[[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim]]''
|60,000,000
|[[Bethesda Game Studios]]
|[[Bethesda Softworks]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Ali |date=2023-06-12 |title=Skyrim has sold 60 million copies, making it the seventh best-selling game ever |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/skyrim-has-sold-60-million-copies-making-it-the-seventh-best-selling-game-ever/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=gamesradar |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|3.
|[[Overwatch (video game)|''Overwatch'']]
|50,000,000
|[[Blizzard Entertainment]]
|[[Activision Blizzard]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-29 |title=Activision's Overwatch 2 Is Redefining the Sequel |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2022-04-29/activision-blizzard-s-overwatch-2-game-is-a-lot-like-the-original-review |access-date=2023-08-12}}</ref>
|-
|4.
|''[[Terraria]]''
|44,500,000
|[[Re-Logic]]
|[[Re-Logic]]
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-05-23 |title=Terraria State of the Game - May 2022 |url=https://forums.terraria.org/index.php?threads/terraria-state-of-the-game-may-2022.112582/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Terraria Community Forums |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |5.
|''[[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019 video game)|Call of Duty: Modern Warfare]]''
| rowspan="3" |30,000,000
|[[Infinity Ward]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Activision Blizzard]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Call of Duty: Modern Warfare Passes 30 Million Copies Sold |url=https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/call-of-duty-modern-warfare-sells-30-million-copies/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Gaming |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Diablo III]]''
|[[Blizzard Entertainment]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Samit |date=2015-08-04 |title=Diablo 3 lifetime sales top 30 million units |url=https://www.polygon.com/2015/8/4/9097497/diablo-3-sales-30-million-units |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Polygon |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Stardew Valley]]
|[[Eric Barone (developer)|ConcernedApe]]
|[[Eric Barone (developer)|ConcernedApe]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carcasole |first=David |date=2024-02-26 |title=Stardew Valley Has Eclipsed 30 Million Copies Sold, New Update 1.6 Due Out On Consoles Following PC Release |url=https://www.psu.com/news/stardew-valley-has-eclipsed-30-million-copies-sold-new-update-1-6-due-out-on-consoles-following-pc-release/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=PlayStation Universe |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|6.
|[[The Walking Dead (video game)|''The Walking Dead'']]
|28,000,000
|[[Telltale Games]]
|[[Telltale Games]]
|<ref>{{cite web |first=Matt |last=Kim |date=2019-12-13 |title=Telltale Games' Shut Down and 'Revival,' Explained |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2019/12/13/telltale-games-shut-down-and-revival-explained |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|7.
|''[[Borderlands 2]]''
|27,000,000
|[[Gearbox Software]]
|[[Take-Two Interactive]]
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-08-06 |title=The Borderlands series has sold over five million units in the past three months |url=https://www.pcgamesn.com/borderlands/sales |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=PCGamesN |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|8.
|''[[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3]]''
|26,500,000
|[[Infinity Ward]] / [[Sledgehammer Games|Sledgehammer]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Activision Blizzard]]
|<ref name="Call of Duty: A Short History">{{cite web |title=Call of Duty: A Short History |url=http://uk-microsites.ign.com/call-of-duty-a-short-history |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Call of Duty: A Short History |language=en |archive-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151129014719/http://uk-microsites.ign.com/call-of-duty-a-short-history |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|9.
|''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops]]''
|26,200,000
|[[Treyarch]]
|<ref name="Call of Duty: A Short History" />
|-
|10.
|''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops II]]''
|24,200,000
|[[Treyarch]]
|<ref name="Call of Duty: A Short History" />
|-
|11.
|''[[Kinect Adventures!]]''
|24,000,000
|[[Good Science Studio]]
|[[Xbox Game Studios]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Weinberger |first=Matt |title=The rise and fall of Kinect: Why Microsoft gave up on its most promising product |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/why-microsoft-xbox-kinect-didnt-take-off-2015-9 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|12.
|[[Hogwarts Legacy]]
|24,000,000
|[[Avalanche Software]]
|[[Warner Bros. Games]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maas |first=Jennifer |date=2024-01-26 |title=Inside Warner Bros. Games' Big Live Services Push and Doubling Down on DC, 'Game of Thrones' and More Franchises |url=https://variety.com/2024/gaming/news/warner-bros-video-games-live-services-dc-game-of-thrones-1235888944/ |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|13.
|[[God of War (2018 video game)|''God of War'']]
|23,000,000
|[[Santa Monica Studio]]
|[[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=God Of War 2018 Reaches 23 Milion Sales Worldwide |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/god-of-war-2018-reaches-23-milion-sales-worldwide/1100-6508776/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|14.
|''[[Red Dead Redemption]]''
|23,000,000
|[[Rockstar San Diego]]
|[[Take-Two Interactive]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=GTA 5 Sells 155 Million Copies Ahead Of PS5 And Xbox Series X{{!}}S Launch In 2022 |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/gta-5-sells-155-million-copies-ahead-of-ps5-and-xbox-series-x-s-launch-in-2022/1100-6497675/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|15.
|''[[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2]]''
|22,700,000
|[[Infinity Ward]]
|[[Activision Blizzard]]
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2014-02-28 |title=Call of Duty: A Short History |url=http://microsites.ign.com/call-of-duty-a-short-history/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228082533/http://microsites.ign.com/call-of-duty-a-short-history/ |archivedate=2014-02-28 |access-date=2023-08-13 |publisher=IGN}}</ref>
|-
|16.
|[[Spider-Man (2018 video game)|''Marvel’s Spider-Man'']]
|22,100,000
|[[Insomniac Games]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Awan |first=Salal |date=2020-11-18 |title=Marvel's Spider-Man Has Sold More Than 20 Million Copies Worldwide |url=https://twistedvoxel.com/amp/marvels-spider-man-sold-more-20-million/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=TwistedVoxel |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|17.
|''[[The Last of Us]]''
|20,000,000
|[[Naughty Dog]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Reeves |first=Brianna |date=2019-10-14 |title=The Last of Us and Uncharted 4 Reach Incredible Sales Milestones |url=https://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2019/10/14/the-last-of-us-sales-uncharted-4-sales/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=PlayStation LifeStyle |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|18.
|[[Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy]]
|20,000,000
|[[Vicarious Visions]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Activision Blizzard]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-20 |title=Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy sales top 20 million |url=https://www.gematsu.com/2024/06/crash-bandicoot-n-sane-trilogy-sales-top-20-million |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Gematsu |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|19.
|''[[Call of Duty: Ghosts]]''
|19,000,000
|[[Infinity Ward]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Betz |first=Brandy |date=2014-02-16 |title=Why Did Activision Blizzard End Up on Top? |url=https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/02/16/why-did-activision-blizzard-end-up-on-top.aspx |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=The Motley Fool |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Video game publishers ==
{{multiple image
| perrow = 6/5
| total_width = 300
| image_style = border:none
| image1 = Sony Interactive Entertainment logo (2016).svg
| link1 =
| image2 = Take-Two Interactive Logo.svg
| link2 =
| image3 = Activision Blizzard logo.svg
| link3 =
| image4 = Electronic-Arts-Logo.svg
| link4 =
| image5 = Warner Bros. Games logo (December 2023).svg
| link5 = Warner Bros. Games
| footer = Logos of the top 10 biggest video game publishers in the US
| image6 = Valve logo.svg
| image7 = Epic Games logo.svg
| image8 =
| image9 = Xbox Game Studios.svg
| image10 = Bethesda Softworks Logo.svg
}}

Some of the largest video game companies in the world are based in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-13 |title=Top 10 gaming companies made $126bn revenue last year |language=en-gb |work=Eurogamer.net |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/top-10-gaming-companies-made-126bn-revenue-last-year |access-date=2022-12-14}}</ref> There are 444 publishers, developers, and hardware companies in [[California]] alone.<ref>{{cite web |title=California (CA) |url=https://www.theesa.com/video-game-impact-map/state/california/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=ESA Impact Map |date=July 20, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Sony Interactive Entertainment ===
{{Main|Sony Interactive Entertainment}}

[[File:Sony Interactive Entertainment San Mateo.jpg|thumb|Sony Interactive Entertainment's [[San Mateo, California|San Mateo]], [[California]] headquarters|upright=1.35]]
Sony Interactive Entertainment is gaming company operating as an independent subsidiary and video game publishing arm of multinational conglomerate [[Sony Group Corporation]]. It has its global headquarters in [[San Mateo, California|San Mateo]] and is incorporated in [[Delaware]]. It has its own executive leadership team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.playstation.com/en-us/corporate/about-us/#:~:text=About%20Sony%20Interactive%20Entertainment&text=Headquartered%20in%20San%20Mateo%2C%20California,California%2C%20London%2C%20and%20Tokyo |title=About Us (US) |publisher=Playstation.com |date= |accessdate=2023-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SIE Company Profile {{!}} Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc. |url=https://www.sie.com/en/corporate.html |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=SIE.COM |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, Sony Group moved Sony Interactive Entertainment's headquarters from [[Tokyo]] to California.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mochizuki |first=Takashi |title=Sony Moves PlayStation Headquarters to California |url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/sony-moves-playstation-headquarters-to-california-1453794813 |access-date=2022-12-14 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=January 26, 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref> With over 4,000 developers and 19 studios, Sony Interactive Entertainment is one of the biggest video game companies in the word. 10 out of 19 studios are American studios.<ref>{{cite web |last=Totilo |first=Stephen |date=2022-10-04 |title=PlayStation will make more live service games, but won't abandon roots, studio chief says |url=https://www.axios.com/2022/10/04/playstation-hermen-hulst-pc-mobile-interview |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Axios |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, Sony Interactive Entertainment made a major investment in America and acquired [[Bungie]] for $3.7 billion.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bankhurst |first=Adam |date=2022-07-16 |title=Sony Has Completed Its $3.7 Billion Deal to Acquire Bungie and Welcome It Into the PlayStation Family |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/sony-has-completed-its-37-billion-deal-to-acquire-bungie-and-welcome-it-into-the-playstation-family |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> Sony Interactive Entertainment owns popular American video game studios such as [[Naughty Dog]], [[Santa Monica Studio]], [[Insomniac Games]], [[Sucker Punch Productions|Sucker Punch]] and franchises such as [[God of War (franchise)|''God of War'']], [[The Last of Us (franchise)|''The Last of Us'']], and ''[[Uncharted]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=PlayStation Studios |url=https://www.playstation.com/en-us/corporate/playstation-studios/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=PlayStation |language=en-US}}</ref> [[God of War Ragnarök|''God of War Ragnarok'']] has sold over 5.1 million units in 1 week and 11 million units in 2 months, making it the fastest selling first-party game in PlayStation history.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bankhurst |first=Adam |date=2023-02-01 |title=God of War Ragnarok Reaches 11 Million Units Sold Milestone |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/god-of-war-ragnarok-reaches-11-million-units-sold-milestone |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> In 2023 [[Spider-Man 2 (2023 video game)|Marvel's Spider-Man 2]] became the fastest-selling PlayStation first-party game of all time, selling 2.5 million units in 24 hours.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Emma |date=2023-10-23 |title=Marvel's Spider-Man 2 is now the fastest-selling PlayStation Studios game |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/10/23/23928511/marvel-spider-man-2-sales-playstation-game |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>

=== Take-Two Interactive ===
{{Main|Take-Two Interactive}}

In September 1993, Ryan Brant established the American video game holding firm Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. in New York City. [[Rockstar Games]] and [[2K (company)|2K]], two significant publishing labels owned by Take-Two Interactive, both have internal game production teams. Take-Two established the [[Private Division]] label to assist independent developer publication, and more recently revealed Intercept Games as a new inside company for the label. The business also established Ghost Story Games, rebranding Irrational Games, a former 2K firm. To establish itself in the market for mobile games, the company bought [[Socialpoint]], Playdots, and [[Nordeus]]. Additionally, the company controls 50% of the professional esports league NBA 2K League.<ref>{{cite web |title=Esports hits the court as players gear up for the NBA 2K League finals |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/08/23/esports-hits-court-players-gear-up-nba-2k-league-finals.html |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=CNBC |date=August 23, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In 2013, ''Grand Theft Auto V'' was the most popular game. Within 24 hours of its release, Take-Two Interactive sold 11.21 million copies of ''Grand Theft Auto V'', earning a total of more than US$815 million. Three days after its debut, when sales of the game surpassed $1 billion, it set a record for fastest-selling entertainment product in history.<ref>{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Goldfarb |date=2013-09-20 |title=GTA 5 Sales Hit $1 Billion in Three Days |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/09/20/gta-5-sales-hit-1-billion-in-three-days |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> Take-Two's combined portfolio includes franchises such as ''[[BioShock (series)|BioShock]]'', ''[[Borderlands (series)|Borderlands]]'', ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'', ''[[NBA 2K]]'', [[Max Payne]] and ''[[Red Dead]]'' among others. In 2022, Take-Two Interactive acquired mobile video game company [[Zynga]] for $12.7 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Take-Two Interactive acquired mobile video game company Zynga for $12.7 billion - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=Take-Two+Interactive+acquired+mobile+video+game+company+Zynga+for+$12.7+billion |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=www.google.com}}</ref>

=== Electronic Arts (EA) ===
{{Main|Electronic Arts}}

Electronic Arts (EA) is the world's largest independent video game publisher by revenue and market value. American video game developer Electronic Arts is based in Redwood City, California. [[Trip Hawkins]], an Apple employee, founded the business in May 1982. It was a pioneer in the early home computer gaming market and referred to the designers and programmers behind its games as "software artists". With 12,900 video game developers, Electronic Arts is one of the biggest video game publishers in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inline XBRL Viewer |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000712515/000071251522000011/ea-20220331.htm |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=www.sec.gov}}</ref> [[Respawn Entertainment]], [[BioWare]], [[DICE (company)|Dice]], [[PopCap Games|PopCap]], are some of the studies under Electronic Arts. With the success of EA Sports and game series such as [[FIFA (video game series)|''FIFA'']], [[NHL (video game series)|''NHL'']], [[NBA (video game series)|''NBA Live'']], ''[[Madden NFL]]'', ''[[Dragon Age]]'', ''[[Mass Effect]]'', ''[[Dead Space]]'', and [[Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order|''Star Wars Jedi'']], Electronic Arts became one of the biggest video game companies in the world.

=== Microsoft Gaming ===
{{Main|Microsoft Gaming}}

[[Microsoft|Microsoft Corporation's]] gaming division led by [[Phil Spencer (business executive)|Phil Spencer]], CEO of Microsoft Gaming. Microsoft Gaming consists of [[Activision Blizzard]], [[Xbox Game Studios]], and [[Bethesda Softworks]]. It is the third-largest gaming company worldwide by revenue and the largest video game employer in the United States.

==== Xbox Game Studios ====
{{Main|Xbox Game Studios}}
[[File:Xbox Stand at E3 2013.jpg|thumb|Xbox stand at [[E3]] 2013]]
Xbox Game Studios is the gaming subsidiary and video game publishing arm of American software company [[Microsoft]]. In 2001 Microsoft released its first Xbox console.<ref>{{cite web |date=Nov 14, 2001 |title=Xbox Arrives in New York Tonight at Toys "R" Us Times Square |url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2001/nov01/11-14midnightmadnesspr.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612000737/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2001/nov01/11-14midnightmadnesspr.aspx |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref> The most successful console released by Microsoft was the Xbox 360, which sold over 84 million units in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |last=Effron |first=Oliver |date=2020-07-17 |title=Gearing up for the Xbox Series X, Microsoft has stopped making the Xbox One X {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/17/tech/microsoft-xbox-one-discontinue/index.html |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> In 2014, Microsoft acquired [[Mojang Studios|Mojang]], the developers of ''[[Minecraft]]'', and currently the best-selling video game of all time for $2.5 billion.<ref>{{cite web |date=2014-09-15 |title=Minecraft sold: Microsoft buys Mojang for $2.5bn |url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/sep/15/microsoft-buys-minecraft-creator-mojang-for-25bn |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2019-05-19 |title=Minecraft Sold Over 176 Million Copies: All-Time Best-Selling Game? |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/minecraft-176-million-copies-sold/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Digital Trends |language=en}}</ref> In 2021, Microsoft acquired [[Bethesda Softworks]], video game publisher and owner of major video game franchises such as ''[[The Elder Scrolls]]'', [[Fallout (franchise)|''Fallout'']], and [[Doom (franchise)|''Doom'']], for $8.1 billion.<ref>{{cite web |last=Carpenter |first=Nicole |date=2020-09-21 |title=Microsoft acquires Bethesda Softworks in $7.5B deal |url=https://www.polygon.com/2020/9/21/21448884/microsoft-buys-bethesda-zenimax-xbox-game-studios-starfield-fallout-doom |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Polygon |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2022, Microsoft announced that it would be acquiring American video game giant Activision Blizzard for $68.7 billion in an all-cash deal.<ref>{{cite web |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=2022-01-18 |title=Microsoft to acquire Activision Blizzard for $68.7 billion |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/1/18/22889258/microsoft-activision-blizzard-xbox-acquisition-call-of-duty-overwatch |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> Microsoft owns 23 studios worldwide with some of the most popular video game studios including [[Bethesda Game Studios]], [[Id Software]], [[Playground Games]], [[Ninja Theory]], [[Rare (company)|Rare]], and [[Arkane Studios]]. In 2023, [[Starfield (video game)|Starfield]] became the most played Xbox next-gen game ever. After Microsoft's acquisition of [[Activision Blizzard]], it became the third-largest gaming company worldwide and the largest video game employer in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Patnaik |first1=Subrat |last2=Mukherjee |first2=Supantha |last3=Mukherjee |first3=Supantha |date=2022-01-19 |title=Microsoft to gobble up Activision in $69 billion metaverse bet |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-buy-activision-blizzard-deal-687-billion-2022-01-18/ |access-date=2023-10-18}}</ref> Microsoft has acquired a wide range of IPs and studios, including franchises like [[Call of Duty]], [[Diablo (series)|Diablo]], [[Warcraft]], [[Overwatch]], [[StarCraft|Starcraft]], [[Crash Bandicoot]], [[Spyro]], [[Guitar Hero]], [[Tony Hawk's]], [[Infinity Ward]], [[Treyarch]], [[Sledgehammer Games]], [[Raven Software]], [[Toys for Bob]], [[Activision]], [[Blizzard Entertainment]], [[King (company)|King]], and many more.

==== Bethesda Softworks ====
{{Main|Bethesda Softworks}}

Bethesda Softworks is a video game publisher headquartered in Rockville, Maryland. In 1986, Christopher Weaver established the business. Only the publishing role of Bethesda Softworks remained after the company broke off its internal development team into [[Bethesda Game Studios]]. ZeniMax was acquired by Microsoft in 2021, and Microsoft insisted that ZeniMax would continue to run as a distinct firm.<ref>{{cite web |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=2021-03-09 |title=Microsoft completes Bethesda acquisition, promises some Xbox and PC exclusives |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/9/22319124/microsoft-bethesda-acquisition-complete-finalized |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> Bethesda Softworks has published some of the most popular and best-selling games, including ''[[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim]]'', ''[[Fallout 4]]'' and ''[[Doom Eternal]]''. On June 15, 2023, Bethesda announced that ''Skyrim'' had sold over 60 million copies, making it the best-selling American video game ever made and 7th best-selling game of all time.<ref>{{cite web |date=2016-11-22 |title='Skyrim' Creator Todd Howard Talks Switch, VR and Elder Scrolls Wait - Glixel |url=http://www.glixel.com/interviews/skyrim-creator-todd-howard-talks-switch-vr-and-elder-scrolls-wait-w451761 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122050536/http://www.glixel.com/interviews/skyrim-creator-todd-howard-talks-switch-vr-and-elder-scrolls-wait-w451761 |archive-date=November 22, 2016 |access-date=2022-12-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Has Sold Over 60 Million Copies Globally |url=https://in.ign.com/the-elder-scrolls-v-skyrim/186698/news/elder-scrolls-v-skyrim-has-sold-over-60-million-copies-globally |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=IGN India |language=en-in}}</ref> Bethesda announced that [[Starfield (video game)|Starfield]] has reached over 6 million players, making it Bethesda's biggest video game launch ever.
[[File:Activision-Gamescom 2013.JPG|thumb|Activision Blizzard at [[Gamescom]] 2013]]

==== Activision Blizzard ====
{{Main|Activision Blizzard}}

Activision Blizzard was founded in July 2008 through the merger of two video game publishers, [[Activision]] and [[Blizzard Entertainment]]. Activision Blizzard is the company that makes and owns some of the most popular video games in the industry, including ''[[Call of Duty]]'', ''[[Overwatch]]'', ''[[World of Warcraft]]'', ''[[Crash Bandicoot]]'', ''[[Hearthstone]]'', [[Candy Crush Saga|''Candy Crush'']], and [[Diablo (series)|''Diablo'']]. Microsoft announced its intent to acquire Activision Blizzard for $68.7 billion on January 18, 2022. If approved, Activision Blizzard would become a division of Xbox Game Studios.<ref>{{cite web |last=Silberling |first=Amanda |date=2022-01-18 |title=Microsoft to buy Activision Blizzard for $68.7 billion |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/01/18/microsoft-acquire-activision-blizzard/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Call of Duty'' is the 4th best-selling video game franchise of all time, with over 430 million sales. ''Call of Duty'' series directly generated over $800 million on PlayStation in the United States alone in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-06-28 |title=Sony Accidentally Reveals That Call of Duty is Worth $800 Million to PlayStation Alone |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/sony-accidentally-reveals-that-call-of-duty-is-worth-800-million-to-playstation-alone |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> [[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II (2022 video game)|''Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II'']] became the fastest selling and most profitable ''Call of Duty'' game of all time, grossing over $1 billion in just 10 days.<ref>{{cite web |last=Plant |first=Logan |date=2022-11-07 |title=Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 Crosses $1 Billion in Sales Faster Than Any Game in the Franchise |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/call-of-duty-modern-warfare-2-crosses-1-billion-in-sales-faster-than-any-game-in-the-franchise |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Diablo IV]]'' became the fastest-selling game in Blizzard Entertainment's history. ''Diablo IV'' has generated $666 million in revenue within the first 5 days of launch.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Isaac |first=Mike |date=2023-06-12 |title=Diablo IV Breaks Blizzard Records, Surpassing '$666 Million' in Sales |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/12/technology/diablo-iv-video-game-sales.html |access-date=2023-06-15 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Microsoft completed its acquisition of Activision Blizzard on October 13, 2023, and Activision Blizzard became a subsidiary of [[Xbox Game Studios|Microsoft Gaming]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=2023-10-13 |title=Microsoft completes Activision Blizzard acquisition, Call of Duty now part of Xbox |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/10/13/23791235/microsoft-activision-blizzard-acquisition-complete-finalized |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>

=== Epic Games ===
{{Main|Epic Games}}

Epic Games is an American video game and software developer and publisher. Epic Games develops Unreal Engine, a commercially available game engine which also powers their internally developed video games. In 2014, Unreal Engine was named the "most successful video game engine" by Guinness World Records.<ref>{{cite web |title=Most successful videogame engine |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-successful-game-engine |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-gb}}</ref> More than 7.5 million developers are using Unreal Engine according to Epic CEO Tim Sweeney.<ref>{{Citation |title=Epic Games' UNREAL TOURNAMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by brandon reinhart |date=2013-04-02 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080522159-13 |work=Postmortems from Game Developer |pages=102–113 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9780080522159-13 |isbn=978-0-08-052215-9 |access-date=2022-12-14}}</ref> Epic Games owns video game developers such as [[Psyonix]], [[Mediatonic]] and [[Harmonix]] and popular video games such as ''[[Fortnite]]'', ''[[Rocket League]]'' and ''[[Fall Guys]]''.

=== Valve ===
{{Main|Valve Corporation}}

The American firm Valve Corporation creates, publishes, and distributes digital video games. It is the company behind [[Half-Life (series)|''Half-Life'']], ''[[Counter-Strike]]'', [[Portal (video game)|''Portal'']], [[Team Fortress 2|''Team Fortress'']], ''[[Left 4 Dead]]'', and [[Dota 2|''Dota'']], as well as the software distribution platform [[Steam (platform)|Steam]]. Steam is the largest digital distribution platform for PC gaming worldwide. There are over 30,000 titles on Steam, everything from AAA to indie.<ref>{{cite web |last=Elad |first=Barry |date=2022-08-16 |title=25+ Steam Statistics 2022 Users, Most Played Games and Market Share |url=https://www.enterpriseappstoday.com/stats/steam-statistics.html |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Enterprise Apps Today |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2022, Steam broke a worldwide record with more than 30 million people actively using Steam at the same time.<ref>{{cite web |last=Coulson |first=Josh |date=2022-10-24 |title=Steam Breaks Records With More Than 30 Million Players Over The Weekend |url=https://www.thegamer.com/steam-breaks-concurrent-user-record-30-million-players/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=TheGamer |language=en-US}}</ref> Valve released the Steam Deck, a handheld console, in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gilliam |first1=Ryan |last2=Sarkar |first2=Samit |date=2021-07-15 |title=Valve announces Steam Deck handheld for PC games |url=https://www.polygon.com/22578782/steam-deck-handheld-valve-release-date-price |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Polygon |language=en-US}}</ref> The Steam Deck has sold over 1 million units.<ref>{{cite web |last=Heaton |first=Andrew |date=2022-10-05 |title=Steam Deck Has Shipped More Than One Million Units |url=https://gamerant.com/steam-deck-1-million-shipped/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Game Rant |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Warner Bros. Games ===
{{Main|Warner Bros. Games}}

Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment is part of the newly formed global streaming and interactive entertainment unit of [[Warner Bros. Discovery]]. Warner Bros Games owns video game development studios such as [[TT Games]], [[Rocksteady Studios]], [[NetherRealm Studios]], [[Monolith Productions]], [[Avalanche Software]], and [[WB Games Montréal]], among others.<ref>{{cite web |title=WarnerBros.com {{!}} Home Entertainment {{!}} Company |url=https://www.warnerbros.com/company/divisions/home-entertainment#warner-bros-interactive-entertainment?type=home-entertainment |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=www.warnerbros.com |archive-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630102401/https://www.warnerbros.com/company/divisions/home-entertainment/#warner-bros-interactive-entertainment?type=home-entertainment |url-status=dead }}</ref> Warner Bros Games is also the publisher of the ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'' and ''[[Mortal Kombat]]'' video game series. ''[[Hogwarts Legacy]]'', which was published by Warner Bros., became the best-selling and most profitable video game in Warner Bros. Games history, selling over 12 million units in 2 weeks and grossing over $850 million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Julia |date=2023-02-24 |title=Hogwarts Legacy Sells 12 Million Copies During Dispute Over Rowling |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/23/arts/hogwarts-legacy-sales-rowling.html |access-date=2023-03-16 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== Riot Games ===
{{Main|Riot Games}}
[[File:Riot Games Headquarters 2023.jpg|thumb|[[Riot Games]] Headquarters]]
Based in Los Angeles, California, Riot Games is an American company that creates video games and organizes esports competitions. In February 2011, Chinese video game and tech company [[Tencent]] bought 93% of Riot Games for $400 million. Tencent bought the remaining 7 percent on December 16, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |last=Russell |first=Jon |date=2015-12-17 |title=Tencent Takes Full Control Of 'League Of Legends' Creator Riot Games |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/12/17/tencent-takes-full-control-of-league-of-legends-creator-riot-games/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> In addition to developing various spin-off games and the unrelated popular first-person shooter game ''[[Valorant]]'', it was created in September 2006 by Brandon Beck and Marc Merrill with the intention of creating ''[[League of Legends]]''. Riot Games was purchased by Tencent, a Chinese corporation, in 2011. Riot Games is one of the fastest growing American video game companies with over 5,500 developers.The company had 24 offices worldwide as of 2018. ''League of Legends'' produced $1.75 billion in revenue in 2020 alone.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-11 |title=Report: League of Legends produced $1.75 billion in revenue in 2020 |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/esports-lol-revenue-idUSFLM2vzDZL |access-date=2022-12-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2021-01-08 |title=Riot Games generated $1.75 billion in revenue in 2020 from League of Legends alone |url=https://www.esportsbets.com/news/riot-games-revenue-2020/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=EsportsBets.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Mid-size publishers ===

* [[Amazon Games]]
* [[Reality Labs|Oculus Studios]]
* [[Devolver Digital]]
* [[Netflix Games]]
* [[Saber Interactive]]
* [[Annapurna Interactive]]
* [[Gearbox Publishing]]
* [[Roblox Corporation]]
* [[Scopely]]
* [[Niantic, Inc.|Niantic]]

=== Small publishers ===

* [[tinyBuild]]
* [[Finji]]
* [[Nicalis]]
* [[Re-Logic]]
* [[Supergiant Games]]
* [[Hi-Rez Studios]]
* [[Innersloth]]
* [[Wizards of the Coast]]
* [[Telltale Games (2018–present)|Telltale Games]]
* [[Athlon Games]]
* [[Jam City (company)|Jam City]]
* [[Gun Interactive]]

=== Publishers by revenue ===
[[Epic Games]] and [[Valve Corporation|Valve]] are [[Privately held company|private companies]] and official revenue figures are not shared with the public. According to [[Statista]]'s estimate, Epic Games' 2023 revenue was around $6.3 billion, [[Riot Games]]' 2022 revenue was $1.5 billion, and [[Warner Bros. Games]]' 2020 revenue was $1.6 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Epic Games annual revenue 2025 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1234106/epic-games-annual-revenue/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Warner Bros.: segmented consumer product revenue 2020 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/329782/consumer-product-revenue-warner-bros/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> By one estimate, Valve Corporation's 2022 revenue was $13 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Valve Revenue and Growth Statistics (2023) {{!}} SignHouse |url=https://www.usesignhouse.com/blog/valve-stats |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=www.usesignhouse.com |language=en}}</ref>

{{Main|List of largest video game publishers by revenue}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Rank
!Publisher
!Revenue
!Ref
|-
|1.
|[[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
|$26.9 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-05-01 |title=PlayStation delivers record $26.9 billion revenue, operating profit drops 40% |url=https://www.tweaktown.com/news/91280/playstation-delivers-record-26-9-billion-revenue-operating-profit-drops-40/index.html |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=TweakTown |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2.
|[[Microsoft Gaming]]
|$25.1 billion (estimate)
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Xbox Just Had Its Best Year Of All Time Based On Revenue |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/xbox-just-had-its-best-year-of-all-time-based-on-revenue/1100-6499959/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-03 |title=Activision Blizzard Announces Fourth-Quarter and 2021 Financial Results |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2022-02-03/activision-blizzard-announces-fourth-quarter-and-2021-financial-results |access-date=2023-11-07}}</ref>
|-
|3.
|[[Valve Corporation]]
|$6.3-13 billion (estimate)
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Valve Revenue and Growth Statistics (2023) {{!}} SignHouse |url=https://www.usesignhouse.com/blog/valve-stats |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=www.usesignhouse.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|4.
|[[Electronic Arts]]
|$7.4 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-05-09 |title=Electronic Arts Reports Q4 FY23 Financial Results |url=https://www.ea.com/news/electronic-arts-reports-q4-fy23-financial-results |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Electronic Arts |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|5.
|[[Epic Games]]
|$5.6 billion (estimate)
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Epic Games annual revenue 2025 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1234106/epic-games-annual-revenue/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|6.
|[[Take-Two Interactive]]
|$5.3 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-05-17 |title=Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Reports Results for Fiscal Year 2023 |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/two-interactive-software-inc-reports-200500715.html |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Yahoo Finance |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|7.
|[[Roblox Corporation]]
|$2.2 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |first=Jeffrey |last=Rousseau |date=2023-02-15 |title=Roblox reports a nearly $1bn net loss during 2022 |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/roblox-reports-a-nearly-1bn-net-loss-during-2022 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|8.
|[[Oculus Studios]]
|$2.16 billion
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hatmaker |first=Taylor |date=2023-02-03 |title=Meta's Reality Labs lost $13.7 billion on VR and AR last year |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/02/03/metas-reality-labs-lost-13-7-billion-on-vr-and-ar-last-year/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|9.
|[[Warner Bros. Games]]
|$1.6 billion (estimate)
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Warner Bros.: segmented consumer product revenue 2020 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/329782/consumer-product-revenue-warner-bros/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|10.
|[[Riot Games]]
|$1.5 billion (estimate)
|<ref>{{cite web |title=riot games 2022 revenue |url=https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=673&q=riot+games+2022+revenue&cvid=b5ede7f9e3724470b6fcd7c58773a647&aqs=edge.0.69i59j69i57j0j69i60l2.4103j0j1&FORM=ANAB01&PC=U531 |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=Bing |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|11.
|[[Wizards of the Coast]]
|$1.0 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Wizards of the Coast Passed $1 Billion in Revenue in 2021 |url=https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/wizards-of-the-coast-billion-dollars-revenue/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=Gaming |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|12.
|[[Scopely]]
|$1.0 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Perez |first=Matt |title=Mobile Games Publisher Scopely Hits $1 Billion In Lifetime Revenue |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattperez/2019/06/25/mobile-games-publisher-scopely-hits-1-billion-in-lifetime-revenue/ |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|13.
|[[Niantic, Inc.|Niantic]]
|$328 million (estimate)
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Niantic annual IAP revenue 2023 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1255744/niantic-annual-app-revenue/ |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|14.
|[[Andrew Pascal|Playstudios]]
|$310 million
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-24 |title=PLAYSTUDIOS, Inc. Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year Results |url=https://ir.playstudios.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/40/playstudios-inc-announces-fourth-quarter-and-full-year |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=PLAYSTUDIOS, Inc. |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|15.
|[[Gearbox Publishing]]
|$184 million
|<ref name="www.marketscreener.com-2023">{{cite web |date=2023-05-15 |title=Embracer Group provides estimated Adjusted EBIT for Q4 FY 2022/23 |url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/EMBRACER-GROUP-AB-PUBL-61747448/news/Embracer-Group-provides-estimated-Adjusted-EBIT-for-Q4-FY-2022-23-43858716/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.marketscreener.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|16.
|[[Annapurna Interactive]]
|$171.3 million
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Publisher: Annapurna Interactive |url=https://vginsights.com/publisher/8507/annapurna-interactive |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=Video Game Insights |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|17.
|[[Saber Interactive]]
|$161 million
|<ref name="www.marketscreener.com-2023" />
|-
|18.
|[[Devolver Digital]]
|$135 million
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-04-11 |title=Devolver Digital, Inc. Reports Earnings Results for the Full Year Ended December 31, 2022 |url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/DEVOLVER-DIGITAL-INC-129005346/news/Devolver-Digital-Inc-Reports-Earnings-Results-for-the-Full-Year-Ended-December-31-2022-43474026/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.marketscreener.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|19.
|[[tinyBuild]]
|$54 million
|<ref>{{cite web |first=Marie |last=Dealessandri |date=2022-04-01 |title=TinyBuild's post-IPO profit up 64% to $12.5m |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/tinybuild-profit-up-64-percent-to-usd12-5m-post-ipo |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Video game mergers/acquisitions ==
The history of American video game company acquisitions is a long and complex one, spanning several decades and involving many different companies. Over the years, the video game industry has undergone numerous mergers, acquisitions, and consolidations, as companies seek to gain a competitive edge, expand their offerings, and diversify their portfolios.

One of the earliest major acquisitions in the video game industry took place in 1988, when Japanese electronics giant Sony acquired Columbia Pictures, a major Hollywood studio with a burgeoning video game division. The acquisition marked the first time that a major electronics manufacturer had acquired a major film studio, and it paved the way for Sony's eventual entry into the video game console market with the launch of the original PlayStation in 1994.<ref>{{cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=1989-11-08 |title=Sony Completes $3.4-Billion Acquisition of Columbia |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-11-08-fi-1040-story.html |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the years that followed, the video game industry saw a flurry of mergers and acquisitions as companies sought to capitalize on the growing popularity of video games. In 1995, Japanese video game giant Nintendo acquired a majority stake in the British/American software company [[Rare (company)|Rare]], which had developed several hit games for Nintendo's consoles. In 1999, French video game publisher [[Atari SA]] acquired the U.S. company [[GT Interactive]], which was best known for publishing the popular first-person shooter game ''Doom''.

The early 2000s saw a wave of consolidation in the video game industry, as companies sought to cut costs and increase efficiency. In 2001, Microsoft entered the video game console market with the launch of the [[Xbox]], and it quickly began acquiring a number of studios and developers to bolster its offerings. In 2002, Microsoft acquired Rare from Nintendo, and in 2004 it acquired the video game developer Bungie, which had created the hugely popular ''Halo'' series.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-09-23 |title=Nintendo confirms Rare sale |language=en-gb |work=Eurogamer.net |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/article-46707 |access-date=2023-04-05}}</ref>

Meanwhile, other companies continued to make strategic acquisitions in the video game industry. In 2003, Electronic Arts, one of the largest video game publishers in the world, acquired the sports video game developer Tiburon, which had developed the popular ''Madden NFL'' franchise. In 2004, EA acquired the racing game developer Criterion Games, which had created the popular ''Burnout'' series.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Robert A. |last=Guth |title=Electronic Arts Agrees to Acquire Criterion Software |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109103456559876470 |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=The Wall Street Journal |date=July 29, 2004 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The trend of consolidation in the video game industry continued through the 2010s, as companies sought to build out their portfolios and expand their reach. In 2011, Sony acquired the cloud-based gaming service Gaikai, which it later used to launch its PlayStation Now subscription service.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gaudiosi |first=John |title=Sony Computer Entertainment Acquires Cloud Gaming Company Gaikai For $380 Million |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johngaudiosi/2012/07/02/sony-computer-entertainment-acquires-cloud-gaming-company-gaikai-for-380-million/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> In 2012, Disney acquired the video game developer and publisher LucasArts, as part of its acquisition of Lucasfilm.<ref>{{cite web |last=Patten |first=Dominic |date=2012-12-05 |title=Disney-Lucasfilm Deal Cleared By Feds |url=https://deadline.com/2012/12/disneys-lucasfilms-purchase-gets-cleared-by-feds-382647/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref>

The 2020s saw a massive acceleration in video game company acquisitions. [[ZeniMax Media]] (Bethesda) was acquired by Microsoft in March 2021. In January 2022, Sony Interactive Entertainment announced its [[Bungie]] acquisition.<ref name="Bankhurst">{{cite web |last=Bankhurst |first=Adam |date=2022-07-16 |title=Sony Has Completed Its $3.7 Billion Deal to Acquire Bungie and Welcome It Into the PlayStation Family |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/sony-has-completed-its-37-billion-deal-to-acquire-bungie-and-welcome-it-into-the-playstation-family |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> Take Two Interactive's acquisition of mobile video game maker [[Zynga]] is the second most expensive video game acquisition of all time.<ref name="videogameschronicle.com">{{cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=Take-Two announces acquisition of mobile games giant Zynga for $12.7bn |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/take-two-announces-acquisition-of-mobile-games-giant-zynga-for-12-7bn/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=VGC |language=en-GB}}</ref> The biggest video game acquisition of all time was Microsoft's Activision Blizzard merger, announced in February 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=2022-01-18 |title=Microsoft to acquire Activision Blizzard for $68.7 billion |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/1/18/22889258/microsoft-activision-blizzard-xbox-acquisition-call-of-duty-overwatch |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref>

The video game industry is dominated by a handful of major players, including Microsoft, Sony, Nintendo, Electronic Arts, and Activision Blizzard. These companies have grown through a combination of organic growth and strategic acquisitions, and they continue to invest heavily in the development of new games and technologies.<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title=Savvy Games Group to buy mobile game publisher Scopely for $4.9B |url=https://venturebeat.com/games/savvy-games-group-to-buy-mobile-game-publisher-scopely-for-4-9b/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== List of most expensive American video game acquisitions ===
{{Main|List of most expensive video game acquisitions}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Acquirer
!Target
!Year
!Deal Value
!Ref
|-
|[[Microsoft]]
|[[Activision Blizzard]]
|2023
|$75.4 billion
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION |first=UNITED STATES |date=January 30, 2024 |title=MICROSOFT FORM 10-Q |url=https://microsoft.gcs-web.com/node/32336/html}}</ref>
|-
|[[Take-Two Interactive]]
|[[Zynga]]
|2022
|$12.7 billion
|<ref name="videogameschronicle.com"/>
|-
|[[Microsoft]]
|[[ZeniMax Media]]
|2020
|$8.1 billion
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-09-21 |title=Microsoft to Buy Bethesda for $7.5 Billion to Boost Xbox |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-21/microsoft-to-buy-bethesda-studios-for-7-5-billion-to-boost-xbox |access-date=2023-04-05}}</ref>
|-
|[[Activision Blizzard]]
|[[King (company)|King]]
|2016
|$5.9 billion
|<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Merced |first1=Michael J. de la |last2=Wingfield |first2=Nick |date=2015-11-03 |title=Bobby Kotick's Activision Blizzard to Buy King Digital, Maker of Candy Crush |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/03/business/dealbook/activision-blizzardto-buy-king-digital-maker-of-candy-crush.html |access-date=2023-04-05 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|[[Public Investment Fund|Savvy Games Group]]
|[[Scopely]]
|2023
|$4.9 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=2023-04-05 |title=Mobile Games Company Scopely to Be Acquired by Saudi-Backed Savvy Games Group for $4.9 Billion |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/scopely-acquired-savvy-games-group-4-9-billion-1235574675/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
|[[Bungie]]
|2022
|$3.7 billion
|<ref name="Bankhurst"/>
|-
|[[Microsoft]]
|[[Mojang Studios|Mojang]]
|2014
|$2.5 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2014-09-15 |title=Microsoft Buys Minecraft Maker Mojang for $2.5 Billion |url=https://kotaku.com/microsoft-officially-obtains-minecraft-maker-mojang-for-1634795658 |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Kotaku |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Electronic Arts]]
|[[Glu Mobile]]
|2021
|$2.4 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Volkman |first=Eric |date=2021-02-08 |title=Electronic Arts Acquiring GluMobile for $2.4 Billion |url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/02/08/electronic-arts-buying-glu-mobile-for-24-billion/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=The Motley Fool |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Meta Platforms]]
|[[Reality Labs|Oculus VR]]
|2014
|$2.0 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Kovach |first=Steve |title=Facebook Buys Oculus VR For $2 Billion |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-to-buy-oculus-rift-for-2-billion-2014-3 |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zynga]]
|[[Peak Games|Peak]]
|2020
|$1.8 billion
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Lunden |first=Ingrid |date=2020-06-01 |title=Zynga acquires Turkey's Peak Games for $1.8B, after buying its card games studio for $100M in 2017 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/01/zynga-acquires-turkeys-peak-games-for-1-8b-after-buying-its-card-games-studio-for-100m-in-2017/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

== Employment ==

===Education training===
Video game designers are required to have a variety of skills and innate abilities that feature a vast amount of training in computer graphics, animation and software design. On top of these skills a successful designer needs a powerful imagination and knowledge of the various consoles' operating systems. Programming and hardware essentials are a must, considering games are sophisticated computer software. To get into the field many colleges offer classes, certificates, and degrees in computer programming, computer engineering, software development, computer animation, and computer graphics. Internships or apprenticeships are important to get hands on experience. If possible an aspiring American game designer should conduct freelance work. There is even the possibility of designing a game independently, using a wide array of available software. Building an independent game can be risky yet the finished product gives employers insight on what the designer is capable of; just like a portfolio.<ref name="electronics.howstuffworks.com">Crosby, Tim. [http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/video-game-designer.htm "How Becoming a Video Game Designer Works"]," "[[HowStuffWorks]]", n.d. Retrieved on November 5, 2013</ref>

===Job market===
The U.S. video game industry continues to function as a vital source of employment. Currently, video game companies directly and indirectly employ more than 120,000 people in 34 states. The average compensation for direct employees is $90,000, resulting in total national compensation of $2.9 billion.<ref>. [http://www.theesa.com/facts/econdata.asp "Economic Impact"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017085714/http://www.theesa.com/facts/econdata.asp |date=October 17, 2013 }}, "[[ESA]]", 2010, Retrieved on November 3, 2013.</ref>

The current job market for game design in the US is extremely competitive, however it is soon expected to have a 32% increase in software publishing jobs, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.<ref>"[http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Computer-and-Information-Technology/Software-developers.htm "Software Developers: Job Outlook"]." "[[U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics]]", July 18, 2012, Retrieved on November 3, 2013.</ref> An American game designer's salary depends on where the designer works, who they work for, and what kind of designer they are. A good starting place on finding average salaries is [[International Game Developers Association]]'s entry level salary report that lists $50,000 to $80,000 annually; averaging $57.600. A closer comparison to what a US Game developing job could potentially start at is the Learn Direct's report of $37,000 yearly.<ref name="electronics.howstuffworks.com" />

=== Leading US states with direct in-state video games industry output ===
List of leading the US States with direct in-state video games industry output.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. highest direct in-state video games industry output 2019 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1258003/us-video-game-industry-direct-in-state-output/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. highest direct in-state video game industry employment 2019 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1258010/us-video-game-industry-direct-in-state-employment/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!State
!Output
!Employment
!Top Studio/Publisher
|-
|[[California]]
|$22.5 billion
|57,434
|[[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
|-
|[[Washington (state)|Washington]]
|$5.7 billion
|15,030
|[[Microsoft Gaming]]
|-
|[[Texas]]
|$1.8 billion
|9,806
|[[Gearbox Software]]
|-
|[[Nevada]]
|$1.0 billion
|4,211
|[[Splitgate|1047 Games]]
|-
|[[New York (state)|New York]]
|$1.0 billion
|4,985
|[[Take-Two Interactive]]
|-
|[[Minnesota]]
|$0.9 billion
|1,747
|[[Glitch (Minnesota company)|Glitch]]
|-
|[[Idaho]]
|$0.8 billion
|1,629
|[[Economy of Idaho|Deadly Seven Games]]
|-
|[[North Carolina]]
|$0.6 billion
|3,078
|[[Epic Games]]
|-
|[[Illinois]]
|$0.2 billion
|3,491
|[[NetherRealm Studios]]
|}

==Game ratings and government oversight==
{{main|Video game controversies}}
Prior to 1993, there was no standardized content rating body in the United States, but with games becoming more violent and with capabilities to show more realistic graphics, parents, politicians, and other concerned citizens called for government regulation of the industry. The [[1993 congressional hearings on video games]], putting the recently released ''[[Mortal Kombat (1992 video game)|Mortal Kombat]]'' and ''[[Night Trap]]'' in the spotlight, drew attention to the industry's lack of a standardized rating system. While individual publishers such as Sega and Nintendo had their own methods of rating games, they were not standardized and allowed discrepancies between different console systems including sales of violent games to minors. Members of Congress threatened to pass legislation that would mandate government oversight of video games if the industry did not create its own solution.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-27620071 | title = Mortal Kombat: Violent game that changed video games industry | first = Rob | last = Crossley | date = June 2, 2014 | access-date = October 30, 2018 | work = [[BBC]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180801170514/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-27620071 | archive-date = 2018-08-01 | url-status=live }}</ref> The industry responded in 1994 by the formation of the trade group the Interactive Digital Software Association (IDSA), today known as the [[Entertainment Software Association]] (ESA), and the creation of the voluntary [[Entertainment Software Ratings Board]] (ESRB) ratings system, a system that met the governmental concerns of the time.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.engadget.com/2013/06/06/sony-microsoft-nintendo-and-the-evolution-of-the-electronic-entertainment-expo/ | title = Then there were three: Sony, Microsoft, Nintendo and the evolution of the Electronic Entertainment Expo | first = Sean | last = Buckley | date = June 6, 2013 | access-date = May 9, 2017 | work = [[Engadget]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170909004840/https://www.engadget.com/2013/06/06/sony-microsoft-nintendo-and-the-evolution-of-the-electronic-entertainment-expo/ | archive-date = 2017-09-09 | url-status=live }}</ref> The ESRB focused mostly on console games at its founding. Computer video game software used the [[Recreational Software Advisory Council]] (RSAC) through 1999, but transitioned to use ESRB in 1999 while the RSAC became more focused on rating online content from the Internet.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=More Game Ratings|magazine=[[GamePro]]|issue=86|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=November 1995|page=189}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=75 Power Players|journal=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=11|publisher=[[Imagine Media]]|date=November 1995|page=67}}</ref>

Since 1993, several incidents of gun violence in the United States, such as [[Columbine High School massacre|the Columbine School shooting of 1999]], put more blame on video games for inciting these crimes, thought there is [[Violence and video games|no conclusive proof that violent video games lead to violent behavior]]. Under demands of parents and concerned citizens, federal and state governments have attempted to pass legislation that would enforce the ESRB rating systems for retail that would pose fines to retailers that sold mature-rated games to minors.<ref name="www.g4tv.com"/><ref>{{cite magazine|title= Violent Video Games and the Supreme Court|magazine= [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=November 4, 2010|url= https://www.wired.com/geekdad/2010/11/violent-video-games-and-the-supreme-court/|access-date=May 3, 2011|first=Doug|last=Cornelius}}</ref> This came to a head in the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] case ''[[Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association]]'', which concluded in 2010 that video games were considered a form of protected speech, and regulation of their sales could only be mandated if the material passed the [[Miller test]] for obscene material.<ref name="www.g4tv.com" /><ref>Kennedy, Kyle. "A Look At the Renewed National Debate On Violent Video Games." TheLedger.com. Ledger Media Group, July 20, 2013. Web. October 10, 2013.</ref>

The ESRB remains a voluntary system for rating video games in the United States, though nearly all major retail outlets will refuse to sell unrated games and will typically avoid selling those listed as "AO" for adults only. Retailers are voluntarily bound by the age ratings, though the [[Federal Trade Commission]], in 2013, found that the ESRB system had the best compliance of preventing sales of mature games to minors compared to the other American entertainment industries.<ref>{{cite press release | url = https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2013/03/ftc-undercover-shopper-survey-entertainment-ratings-enforcement | title = FTC Undercover Shopper Survey on Entertainment Ratings Enforcement Finds Compliance Highest Among Video Game Sellers and Movie Theaters | date = March 25, 2013 | access-date = January 7, 2020 | publisher = [[Federal Trade Commission]] }}</ref> In addition to age ratings, the ESRB rating includes content descriptors (such as "Nudity", "Use of Drugs", and "Blood and Gore") to better describe the type of questionable material that may be in the game. The ESRB not only rates games after reviewing material submitted by the publisher, but also spot-checks games after release to make sure no additional content had been added after review, applying fines and penalties to publishers that do so. Notably, the ESRB was heavily involved over the [[Hot Coffee mod|''Hot Coffee'' mod]], a [[mod (video gaming)|user mod]] of ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' that unlocked a sex scene that had been on the retail disc but otherwise inaccessible without the mod.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2006/01/6067-2/|title=Take-Two Interactive Sued over Hot Coffee Mod|first=Eric|last=Bangeman|website=[[Ars Technica]]|date=27 January 2006|access-date=4 August 2015}}</ref> Currently 85% of American parents are aware of the [[ESRB]] rating system and many are finding parental controls on video game consoles useful.<ref name="www.theesa.com" />

In the digital storefront space, including digital-only games and [[downloadable content]] for retail games, the ESRB does not require ratings though encourages developers and publishers to utilize the self-assessment ratings tools provided by the [[International Age Rating Coalition]] to assign their game a rating which can propagate to other national and regional ratings systems, such as the [[Pan European Game Information]] (PEGI) system.<ref>{{cite news|title=Game Makers Push to Make Ratings Consistent Across All Platforms|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324595904578117484171808510|access-date=March 17, 2015|work=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402223717/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324595904578117484171808510|archive-date=April 2, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Arcade games in the United States are rated separated under a "Parental Advisory System" devised by the American Amusement Machine Association, the Amusement & Music Operators Association, and the International Association for the Leisure and Entertainment Industry, along with guidelines for where more mature games should be located in arcades and other code of conduct principles for arcade operators.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/theater-group-to-impose-ratings-on-arcade-games/1100-6075491/|title=Theater group to impose ratings on arcade games|last=Layton|first=Thomas|date=2003-09-19|website=GameSpot|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027232258/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/theater-group-to-impose-ratings-on-arcade-games/1100-6075491/|archive-date=October 27, 2017|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://coin-op.org/parental-advisory-system/ | title = Parental Advisory System | date = September 12, 2016 | publisher = [[American Amusement Machine Association]] | access-date = January 7, 2020 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Video games|United States}}
* [[History of video games]]
* [[Best-selling video games in the United States by year]]
* [[List of video games markets by country]]
* [[2023–2024 video game industry layoffs]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
Suziedelyte, A. (2021). Is it only a game? Video games and violence: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 188, 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.05.014
Roy, N., & Coll, M.-P. (2024). Exploring the impact of violence in video games: eLife. eLife, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.94949

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Video gaming in the United States}}

{{History of video games}}
{{United States topics}}
{{Video games by country}}
{{Americas topic|Video games in}}

[[Category:Video gaming in the United States| ]]
[[Category:Culture of the United States]]

RB Global

2024-08-22T19:17:17Z

212.58.103.78: Headquartered in Illinois.

{{Short description|North American industrial auctioneer}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2010}}

{{Infobox company
| name = RB Global, Inc.
| former_name = Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated
| logo = Ritchie Bros Auctioneers logo.svg
| type = [[Public company]]
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{NYSE|RBA}}|[[S&P 400]] component|{{TSX|RBA}}}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|CA7677441056|sl=no}}
| founded = [[Kelowna]], [[British Columbia]], Canada
| hq_location = [[Westchester, Illinois]], U.S.
| founder = [[David Edward Ritchie]]
| key_people = Erik Olsson ([[Chairman]]) Jim Kessler (CEO)
| industry = [[Auctions]] & Industrial products [[distribution (business)|distribution]]
| products =
| num_employees = 7,900+
| website = {{url|rbglobal.com}}
}}

'''Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers''' ('''RBA'''), or simply '''Ritchie Bros.''',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ritchiebros.com/ |title=Ritchie Bros |access-date=2018-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109235213/https://www.ritchiebros.com/ |archive-date=2018-11-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> is a publicly traded American-Canadian-[[Domicile (law)|domiciled]] company with headquarters in [[Westchester, Illinois]]. Its common shares are traded on the [[Toronto stock exchanges|Toronto]] and [[New York Stock Exchange|New York]] [[stock exchange]]s.<ref name="rbauction1">{{cite web |url=http://www.rbauction.com/about_ritchie_bros/media_quick_facts.jsp |title=About Ritchie Bros. Ritchie Bros. website. 2008-09-09 |publisher=Rbauction.com |access-date=2010-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201232031/http://www.rbauction.com/about_ritchie_bros/media_quick_facts.jsp |archive-date=2010-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
=== The Ritchie Brothers ===
Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers was established in [[Kelowna]], [[British Columbia]], Canada, when the three Ritchie brothers – Ken, John and Dave Ritchie – took over the OK Used Furniture Store from their father in 1955. They entered the auction business in 1958.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbauction.com/e_news/20060508/20060501_kelowna_pr.pdf |title=NEWS RELEASE Okanagan Logging Contractor Hires Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers for Complete Dispersal. Ritchie Bros. unreserved auction to be held on the Westside on May 25 |publisher=Ritchie Bros |date=May 1, 2006 |access-date=2010-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813183306/http://www.rbauction.com/e_news/20060508/20060501_kelowna_pr.pdf |archive-date=August 13, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The brothers began conducting auctions more regularly and in 1958 incorporated Ritchie Bros. Auction Galleries Ltd. to formalize their new business.<ref name="legend">Jeffrey L. Rodengen, ''The Legend of Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers'' (Write Stuff Enterprises Inc., 2004)</ref>{{rp|17}} Ritchie Bros. began selling used equipment in the 1960s. In 1963 Dave Ritchie moved to [[Vancouver|Vancouver, B.C.]] and rented an auction site on [[Marine Drive (Greater Vancouver)|S.E. Marine Drive]]. He set up the company's first equipment auction in Vancouver shortly after.<ref name="legend"/>{{rp|24}}

=== The early auction years ===
Most of the company's earliest auctions were held in [[British Columbia]]. Ritchie Bros. began expanding into other parts of Canada in the mid-1960s, conducting its first auctions in [[Alberta]] (in 1964), the [[Yukon]] (1964), [[Saskatchewan]] (1965), [[Manitoba]] (1968), and other parts of [[Eastern Canada]] shortly thereafter.<ref name="legend"/>{{rp|35, 39}}

In 1965, Ken Ritchie left the company to spend more time with his family and the company's name was changed from Ritchie Bros. Auction Galleries Ltd. to Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Ltd.<ref name="legend"/>{{rp|35}} Ken established his own auction company, but returned to work with his brothers in 1968. He stayed with Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers until 1980.<ref name="legend"/>{{rp|39, 48, 70}}

In 1968, Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers held its first auction with gross proceeds in excess of CA$1 million, in [[Edmonton]], Alberta, Canada.<ref name="legend"/>{{rp|39}} Edmonton was also the site of the company's first permanent auction site (on company-owned land), which was established in 1976. Until then, Ritchie Bros. had been conducting its auctions on leased land.<ref name="Website-History">{{cite web |url=http://www.rbauction.com/about_ritchie_bros/rba_history.jsp |title=History. Ritchie Bros. website. 2008-09-09 |publisher=Rbauction.com |access-date=2010-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210012822/http://www.rbauction.com/about_ritchie_bros/rba_history.jsp |archive-date=2010-02-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Expansion in the U.S. ===
Ritchie Bros. established its first presence outside Canada in 1969 when it became incorporated in [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[United States|USA]].<ref name="legend"/> The company held its first auction outside Canada in 1970, in [[Beaverton, Oregon]], and gradually began expanding throughout the United States.<ref name="Website-History"/>

In 1974, John Ritchie left the company, selling his share of the business to his brother Dave. In 1975, Dave Ritchie – the sole company shareholder – sold partnerships in Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers to some of his key employees.<ref name="legend"/>{{rp|46}}

=== International expansion ===
In the late 1980s Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers began to look overseas for further growth opportunities, in the UK and the Netherlands, and then in Australia and other countries.<ref name="Website-History"/>

{{anchor|wiki}}

=== Going public ===
In 1998, the year that Ritchie Bros. went public, the company's annual gross auction proceeds exceeded US$1 billion for the first time ever. Its common shares were listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] under the symbol RBA in March 1998, followed by listing on the [[Toronto Stock Exchange]] in April 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbauction.com/news_releases/177_n.jsp |title=News. Ritchie Bros. website. 2008-09-09 |publisher=Rbauction.com |access-date=2010-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901050640/http://www.rbauction.com/news_releases/177_n.jsp |archive-date=2009-09-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Since then, Ritchie Bros. has added auction sites in eight other countries. Today, the company has 40+ auction sites worldwide including.

=== Acquisitions ===
In 1999, Ritchie Bros. acquired [[Forke Brothers]], an equipment auction company based in Nebraska, USA and one of its major competitors. The company moved its U.S. headquarters to [[Lincoln, Nebraska]] following the acquisition.<ref name="legend"/>{{rp|116}} Ritchie Bros. made its foray into the [[agricultural equipment]] auction business with the acquisitions of [[All Peace Auctions]] of [[Grande Prairie]], [[Alberta]], Canada in 2002; [[LeBlanc Auction Service]] of [[Estevan, Saskatchewan]], Canada in 2004;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbauction.com/news_releases/183_n.jsp |title=Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers - Unreserved Equipment Auctions |publisher=Rbauction.com |date=2004-02-06 |access-date=2010-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721003641/http://www.rbauction.com/news_releases/183_n.jsp |archive-date=2009-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dennis Biliske Auctioneers]] of [[Buxton, North Dakota]], USA in 2006; [[Clarke Auctioneers]] of [[Rouleau, Saskatchewan]], Canada in 2007;<ref name="legend"/>{{rp||124}} and Martella Auction Company of Tipton, CA in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbauction.com/web/rba/media/news-releases/archives/2009/434_n|title=News Release - November 19, 2009 - Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers|first=Ritchie Bros.|last=Auctioneers|website=www.rbauction.com|access-date=March 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425071155/http://www.rbauction.com/web/rba/media/news-releases/archives/2009/434_n|archive-date=April 25, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2016, the company announced its plan to acquire IronPlanet, Inc., an online auction company. The deal was approved by the DOJ and closed in May 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rbauction.com/cms_assets/pdf/investor-relations/RB_Closing_Release_2017_5_31.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109234936/https://www.rbauction.com/cms_assets/pdf/investor-relations/RB_Closing_Release_2017_5_31.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, Ritchie Bros. also acquired Petrowsky Auctioneers<ref>{{Cite web|last=Topics|first=Transport|date=2016-08-03|title=Ritchie Bros. Acquires Petrowsky Auctioneers|url=https://www.ttnews.com/articles/ritchie-bros-acquires-petrowsky-auctioneers|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Transport Topics|language=en}}</ref> based in North Franklin, CT and Kramer Auctions,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ritchie Bros. acquires North Battleford-based Kramer Auctions|url=https://thestarphoenix.com/business/local-business/ritchie-bros-acquires-north-battleford-based-kramer-auctions|access-date=2021-04-06|website=thestarphoenix|language=en-CA}}</ref> a Canadian agricultural auction company based in North Battleford, SK. In 2018, Ritchie Bros. acquired Leake Auction Company, an Oklahoma-based collector car auctioneer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weekly|first=Old Cars|title=Leake Auctions acquired by Ritchie Bros.|url=https://www.oldcarsweekly.com/news/leake-auction-company-acquired-ritchie-bros|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Old Cars Weekly|date=16 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In August 2021, the acquisition of [[Euro Auctions]], a Northern Ireland auction house that buys and sells industrial plant, construction equipment, and agricultural machinery for £775 million was announced.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |title=Euro Auctions: Brothers delighted with £775m deal for Tyrone firm |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-58165295 |access-date=11 August 2021 |work=BBC News |date=10 August 2021}}</ref> That acquisition attempt was discontinued in April 2022. In March 2023, Ritchie Bros. completed the acquisition of U.S. auto retailer IAA Inc. in a stock and cash deal worth $7{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{cite news |last=C |first=Priyamvada |date=March 20, 2023 |title=Ritchie Bros completes $7 billion IAA acquisition |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/ritchie-bros-completes-acquisition-iaa-2023-03-20/ |publisher=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Deka |first1=Kannaki |last2=Sen |first2=Anirban |date=November 7, 2022 |title=Canada's Ritchie Bros to buy auto retailer IAA in $7.3 bln deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/ritchie-bros-buy-iaa-73-bln-deal-2022-11-07/ |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> It was announced in May 2023 a new name for the parent company, [[RB Global]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers to Change Names to RB Global |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/ritchie-bros-auctioneers-to-change-names-to-rb-global-7faddb06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509142420/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/ritchie-bros-auctioneers-to-change-names-to-rb-global-7faddb06 |archive-date=2023-05-09 |access-date=2023-05-17 |website=MarketWatch |language=EN-US}}</ref>

== Operations ==
In 2022, Ritchie Bros. reported US$6 billion in total Gross Transactional Value (GTV).

=== Management ===
Jim Kessler was appointed Ritchie Bros.' CEO after the departure of Ann Fandozzi in December 2023 due to a dispute over equity compensation. The company also fired its CFO Eric Jacobs. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RB Global replaces CEO after dispute over compensation |url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/rb-global-replaces-ceo-after-dispute-over-compensation-2023-08-02/ |access-date=2024-04-05}}</ref> Other notable management team members at Ritchie Bros. include, Matt Ackley (Chief Digital Officer), Carmen Thiede (Chief Transformation & People Officer), Jeff Jeter (Chief Revenue Officer), Baron Concors (Chief Product & Technology Officer), Kevin Geisner (Chief Strategy Officer), and Darren Watt (Chief Legal Officer).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rbauction.com/aboutus/management |title=Management | Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers |access-date=2018-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109234646/https://www.rbauction.com/aboutus/management |archive-date=2018-11-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
*{{Official|https://rbglobal.com}}
{{Finance links
| name = RB Global, Inc.
| symbol = RBA
| reuters = RBA.TO
| bloomberg = RBA:CN
| sec_cik = 1046102
| yahoo = RBA.TO
| google = RBA:TSX
}}

{{Vancouver Corporations}}
{{S&P 400 companies}}
{{Authority control|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies based in Burnaby]]
[[Category:Business services companies established in 1958]]
[[Category:Distribution companies of Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian auction houses]]
[[Category:1958 establishments in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Canadian companies established in 1958]]
[[Category:Companies in the S&P 400]]

HID Global

2024-07-05T20:01:03Z

212.58.103.78: Redundant

{{Short description|American manufacturer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = HID Global
| logo = HID Global logo.svg
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| slogan =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1991}}
| location = [[Austin, Texas]]
| key_people = Björn Lidefelt President and [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]] Ramesh Songukrishnasamy (Senior VP and [[Chief Technology Officer|CTO]])
| industry = Security
| products = Photo ID badges Contactless/contact smart cards Smart card readers Card printers Inlays RFID tags and fobs Biometrics Physical Identity & Access Management (PIAM) PKI Solutions FIDO Credentials Embedded products
| num_employees = 4,000
| revenue = {{increase}} US$6.1 Billion 2011<ref name="ASSA ABLOY Annual Report 2011">{{Cite web |url=https://www.assaabloy.com/en/com/Investors/Annual-reports/2011/ |title=Annual Report 2011 |date=2011 |website=Assa Abloy }}</ref> (ASSA ABLOY)
| net_income = {{increase}} US$1.0 Billion 2011<ref name="ASSA ABLOY Annual Report 2011" /> (ASSA ABLOY)
| equity = {{increase}} US$3.32 Billion 2011<ref name="ASSA ABLOY Annual Report 2011" /> (ASSA ABLOY)
| parent = [[Assa Abloy]]
| homepage = {{URL|www.hidglobal.com}}
}}

'''HID Global''' is an American manufacturer of secure identity products. The company is an independent subsidiary of [[Assa Abloy]], a multinational door and access control conglomerate.<ref name="hid-about">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hidglobal.com/about |title=About HID Global |website=HID Global |access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> Björn Lidefelt was appointed CEO on 27 January 2020. He succeeded Stefan Widing, who led HID Global for over four years.

== History ==
Originally formed to develop radio frequency identification technologies, HID Global was formed in 1991 as Hughes Identification Devices, a subsidiary of [[Hughes Aircraft Company]] with offices in California and Scotland. The original 125-kilohertz and 400-kilohertz [[Proximity card|proximity]] technology had been pioneered by Destron/IDI (formerly Identification Devices Inc.), in Boulder, Colorado, and used primarily for Animal Identification and Proximity Access Control, and to a lesser degree in Manufacturing Processes, Tyre tracking and a few other Asset Identification applications.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.secureidnews.com/news-item/the-evolution-of-hid/|title=The evolution of HID|last=Martin|first=Zack|date=2009-05-04|website=SecureIDNews|publisher=Avisian Publishing|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> Already a supplier to Destron/ID of low-frequency microchips, Hughes Aircraft Company acquired exclusive rights to the Access Control and Industrial markets, leading to the formation of Hughes Identification Devices.

In 1994 the office in Scotland was closed and the European business passed to a UK based independent distributor, ID Plus Ltd who were later acquired by HID Corporation Ltd in August 1999.

In October 1995, Hughes management, with help from Citibank Venture Capital, combined its military communications and display products groups with its AML Wireless Systems organization and Hughes Identification Devices (HID) to form Palomar Technologies Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.esterline.com/Overview/PalomarHistory/tabid/1544/Default.aspx |title=Palomar History |website=Esterline Communication Systems |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014110549/http://www.esterline.com/Overview/PalomarHistory/tabid/1544/Default.aspx |archive-date=14 October 2012 |access-date=4 February 2011 }}</ref> It was at that point that the decision was made to focus efforts on RFID for physical access control, and five years later, the company was acquired by the world's largest lock-maker, Swedish conglomerate [[Assa Abloy]] AB.<ref name=":0" />

== Products ==
The company sells [[physical access control]] products, [[logical access control]] products, and secure issuance products that comprise cards, readers, [[Card reader|smart card readers]] (OMNIKEY), networked access products, [[card printer]]/encoders (FARGO) and software. Its other business segments includes virtualization technology, cashless payment, government ID, RFID for industry and logistics and Animal ID solutions{{buzzword inline|date=December 2021}} and professional services.<ref name="SecurityStockWatch">{{Cite web |url=http://www.securitystockwatch.com/Interviews/in_Boardroom_HID1.html |title=In The Boardroom With Mr. Denis Hebert |website=SecurityStockWatch.com |access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref>

HID manufactures and licenses several types of technologies, from [[Wiegand interface|Wiegand products]] to 13.56 MHz [[iCLASS]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://events.ccc.de/congress/2010/Fahrplan/attachments/1784_HID-iClass-27C3.pdf|title=Analyzing a modern cryptographic RFID system - HID iClass demystified |first=Henryk |last=Plötz |date=29 December 2010 |publisher=[[Chaos Communication Congress]] |location=Berlin|accessdate=13 January 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://events.ccc.de/congress/2010/Fahrplan/attachments/1770_HID-iCLASS-security.pdf|title=Heart of Darkness - exploring the uncharted backwaters of HID iCLASS security |first=Milosch |last=Meriac |date=29 December 2010 |publisher=[[Chaos Communication Congress]] |location=Berlin |page=5|accessdate=13 January 2011 }}</ref> [[MIFARE]], and [[DESFire]], as well as the 125 kHz Indala and [[Proximity card|Prox cards]]. Migration readers from various 125 kHz Prox technologies to 13.56 MHz iCLASS were introduced in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.securetechalliance.org/hid-multiclasstrade-contactless-smart-card-and-proximity-readers-now-support-indala-proximity-and-awid-formats/ |title=HID multiCLASS Contactless Smart Card and Proximity Readers Now Support Indala Proximity and AWID Formats |date=2007-07-11 |website=Secure Technology Alliance |language=en-US |access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref>

==Manufacturing==
The company is based in Austin, Texas with other production facilities in Asia and Europe. Some of these facilities are located in [[Hong Kong]], [[China]] and [[Galway]], Ireland. It also has research and development centers in [[Cardiff]], United Kingdom, [[Bangalore]], [[Suresnes]], [[Prague]], [[Kraków]] and [[Zabierzów, Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Zabierzów]], Poland,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hidglobal.fr/node/28583 | title=Careers in Poland }}</ref> [[Fremont, California|Fremont]] and [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]] in [[Northern California]]. The company also has a design facility in [[Chennai]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/HID-Global-opens-design-facility-in-Chennai/articleshow/47736723.cms |title=HID Global opens design facility in Chennai |last=Hariharan |first=Sindhu |date=2015-06-19 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Partners==
HID Global serves a variety of partner such as OEMs, system integrators, application developers and channel partners in domestic and international markets.<ref name="SecurityStockWatch" /> Some OEM partners include [[Siemens]], [[Honeywell]], Lenel (UTC Fire & Security), and [[Tyco International|Tyco]]. The company also partners with computer manufacturers to create new products. HID worked with [[Dell]] to develop HID on the Desktop, a three-component PC logon application that won the 2009 Smart Card Alliance Award for Outstanding Technology.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sdmmag.com/articles/85212-hid-teams-with-dell-to-create-new-position-mobile-workforce-solution |title=HID teams with Dell to create new position, mobile workforce solution |date=2009-06-08 |website=SDMag}}</ref><ref>Dell partnership: [http://www.smartcardalliance.org/pages/activities-osca-awards-2009 Alliance Activities : OSCA Awards: 2009] smartcardalliance.org
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618031951/http://www.smartcardalliance.org/pages/activities-osca-awards-2009 |date=18 June 2010 }}</ref> HID later partnered with [[Panasonic]] to integrate an HID Global [[RFID]] module into Panasonic's Personal Identification Mini Dock to support reading biometric passports.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sourcesecurity.com/news/co-823-ga-co-1277-ga.5639.html|title=HID Global provides RFID reader module to DESKO for Mobile Border-Control Identity-Checking System|website=sourcesecurity.com}}</ref>

HID Global also worked with Inside Secure (formally known as Inside Contactless) and [[US Bank]] to supply HID iCLASS contactless smart card technology in the US Bank PayID card program that was the 2010 Paybefore Award Winner for Best Innovative Program.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews/articleid/3809982|title=I Stock Analyst - Magazine 2021}}</ref> The PayID card program uses an all-purpose card to provide contactless physical access to U.S. Bank facilities, along with [[contactless payment]] and traditional magnetic stripe cards for purchases made by U.S. Bank employees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsnmagazine.com/node/20049?c=access_control_identification|title=HID Global's iCLASS smart card technology enables U.S. Bank's PayID {{pipe}} Government Security News|website=gsnmagazine.com|access-date=13 September 2019|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303050631/http://www.gsnmagazine.com/node/20049?c=access_control_identification|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Customers==
End-users of HID products primarily include government, financial, corporate, education and healthcare markets.

* HID Global supplies its readers and credentials for access control to Banco do Nordeste of Brasil,<ref>[http://eon.businesswire.com/news/eon/20110427005606/en/iclass/hid-global/banco-do-nordestem Banco do Nordeste do Brasil Reinforces the Security of Its Administrative Center with Access-Control Solutions from HID Global] eon.businesswire.com April 27, 2011
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913081147/http://eon.businesswire.com/news/eon/20110427005606/en/iclass/hid-global/banco-do-nordestem |date=13 September 2012 }}</ref> Employers Mutual Casualty Company<ref>[http://sg.finance.yahoo.com/news/Employers-Mutual-Casualty-bw-2876939033.html?x=0 Employers Mutual Casualty] finance.yahoo.com {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
* HID Global provides network access control to the China Pacific Insurance Co.<ref>[[China Pacific Insurance]]</ref> and Jinwan District People's Procuratorate<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asmag.com/showpost/10436.aspx|title=HID Access Control Solution Protects Chinese People's Procuratorate - asmag.com|website=asmag.com}}</ref> located in Sihucheng District, Zhuhai city.
* HID Global supplied card customization products and services to Amway India<ref>[[Amway]]</ref> and Action Ambulance Service.
*The United States Secret Service uses differently-colored HID iClass SEOS proximity cards as identification badges for anyone requiring access to the White House, Eisenhower Executive Office Building, or New Executive Office Building. Differently-colored badges issued to staff, interns, and members of the press indicate the areas to which they are allowed unescorted access within the White House complex. {{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}

== Distributors ==
HID Global's world-class{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} partner community includes Integrators, Distributors, OEMS, Managed Services Providers, Embedded OEMS and Technical Alliance Partners that help organizations identify, purchase and implement the most extensive line of powerful{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} and versatile{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} security products.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

{{Prose|section|date=May 2018}}

* 1991: Formed as Hughes Identification Devices, a subsidiary of Hughes Aircraft
* 1995: Became a subsidiary of Palomar Technological Companies, changed name to HID Corporation
* 1996: Acquired Sensor Engineering, adding [[Wiegand effect|Wiegand products]]
* 2000: Acquired by Assa Abloy AB<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hidglobal.com/press-releases/assa-abloy-acquires-hid-corporation|title=ASSA ABLOY Acquires HID Corporation|website=hidglobal.com}}</ref>
* 2001: HID acquired Motorola's Indala<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.securitysales.com/Channel/Access-Control/Articles/2001/11/HID-Acquires-Motorolas-Indala-RFID-Access-Control-Business.aspx |title=HID Acquires Motorola's Indala RFID Access Control Business - Article - Security Sales & Integration Magazine |access-date=30 August 2011 |archive-date=29 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329114828/http://www.securitysales.com/channel/access-control/articles/2001/11/hid-acquires-motorolas-indala-rfid-access-control-business.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> RFID access control business
* 2003: Acquired the card and reader business of Dorado Products, Inc.
* 2006: Acquired Fargo Electronics, adding card issuance technology
* 2006: Merged with Assa Abloy sister company Indala
* 2006: Formed HID Global
* 2007: Acquired Integrated Engineering, adding flexible MIFARE-based reader technology
* 2008: Merger of HID Global and Assa Abloy Identification Technologies Group<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hidglobal.com/press-releases/hid-global-and-assa-abloy-identification-technologies-itg-merge|title=HID and ASSA ABLOY Identification Technologies Merge|website=hidglobal.com}}</ref>
* 2010: Acquired [[ActivIdentity]] for US$162 million - is active in intelligent identity<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hidglobal.com/press-releases/hid-global-announces-agreement-acquire-actividentity|title=HID Global Announces Agreement to Acquire ActivIdentity|website=hidglobal.com}}</ref>
* 2011: Acquired LaserCard, a provider of secure ID products, for US$80 million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hidglobal.com/press-releases/lasercard-acquisition-advance-hid-global-solutions-secure-identity|title=LaserCard Acquisition to Advance HID Global Solutions for Secure Identity {{pipe}} HID Global|website=hidglobal.com}}</ref>
* 2012: Acquired EasyLobby for secure visitor management software and products.
* 2013: Acquired Codebench for FIPS 201 integration with physical access control systems<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hidglobal.com/press-releases/hid-global-acquires-codebench-provide-complete-access-control-solutions-hspd-12fips|title=HID Global Acquires Codebench|website=hidglobal.com}}</ref>
* 2014: Acquired Lumidigm for [[biometrics|biometric authentication]] solutions{{buzzword inline|date=December 2021}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hidglobal.com/press-releases/hid-global-acquires-biometric-leader-lumidigm-enhances-authentication-portfolio|title=HID Global Acquires Biometric Leader Lumidigm, Enhances Authentication Portfolio {{pipe}} HID Global|website=hidglobal.com}}</ref>
* 2014: Acquired [[IdenTrust]], a provider of digital identities<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hidglobal.com/press-releases/hid-global-acquires-identrust-expand-its-leadership-position-in-secure-identity|title=HID Global Acquires IdenTrust to Expand Its Leadership Position in Secure Identity Solutions {{pipe}} HID Global|website=hidglobal.com}}</ref>
* 2015: Acquired IAI, a provider of personalization solutions{{buzzword inline|date=December 2021}} for identity documents<ref>{{cite web|title=HID Global Announces Acquisition of IAI to Add to Identity Security Solutions Portfolio |url=http://www.securitysales.com/article/hid_global_announces_acquisition_of_iai_to_add_to_identity_security_solutio|website=Security Sales & Integration|date=15 December 2015|publisher=SSI Staff}}</ref>
* 2015: Acquired Quantum Secure, a provider of identity management software<ref>{{cite web|title=HID acquires Quantum Secure|url=http://www.securitysystemsnews.com/article/hid-acquires-quantum-secure|website=Security Systems News|publisher=Martha Entwistle}}</ref>
* 2016: Acquired DemoTeller, a provider of instant issuance solutions{{buzzword inline|date=December 2021}} for the financial market<ref>{{cite web|title=HID Global buys DemoTeller|url=http://www.securitysystemsnews.com/article/hid-global-buys-demoteller|website=Security Systems News|publisher=SSN Staff}}</ref>
* 2017: Acquired Mercury Security, an OEM supplier of controllers for physical access control<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hidglobal.com/press-releases/hid-global-acquire-mercury-security-expanding-its-leadership-in-access-control|title=HID Global to Acquire Mercury Security, Expanding its Leadership in Access Control {{pipe}} HID Global|website=hidglobal.com}}</ref>
* 2018: Acquired Crossmatch, a leader in biometric enrollment and identity devices<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hidglobal.com/press-releases/hid-global-acquires-crossmatch-expand-in-biometric-identity-management|title=HID Global Acquires Crossmatch to Expand in Biometric Identity Management {{pipe}} HID Global|website=hidglobal.com}}</ref>
* 2019: Acquired PTI Security Systems, the worldwide leader in access control for the self-storage industry
* 2020: Acquired [[Access IS|Access-IS]], a technology provider of miniaturized reader devices said to be ideal for mission-critical environments
* 2022: Acquired Vizinex RFID, a leader in custom and embeddable [[Radio-frequency identification|RFID]] solutions

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hid Global}}
[[Category:1991 establishments in Texas]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1991]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Austin, Texas]]

Trend Micro

2024-01-12T17:57:13Z

212.58.103.78: Has global headquarters in Irving,Texas.

{{Short description|Japanese multinational cyber security company}}
<references group="https://www.trendmicro.com/en_sg/about/careers/certification-program/profiles.html" />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Trend Micro Inc. トレンドマイクロ株式会社
| logo = Trend_Micro_Logo_2023.png
| logo_caption =
| type = [[Public Company|Public]] ([[Kabushiki gaisha|K.K.]])
| traded_as = {{Tyo|4704}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1988|10|24|df=yes}}, [[Los Angeles, California]], U.S.
| founder = [[Eva Chen]] [[Steve Chang]] Jenny Chang
| location =[[Tokyo]], Japan (global) [[Irving, Texas]], United States<ref>{{cite web |first=Danielle |last=Abril |url= https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2013/09/16/trend-micro-opens-global-headquarters.html |title=Trend Micro opens global headquarters in Irving |work=Dallas Business Journal |date=17 September 2013}}</ref> (global operational) [[Taipei]], Taiwan (global R&D)
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Eva Chen]] ([[CEO]])
| industry = [[Computer software]]
| products = [[Cybersecurity software]]
| services = [[Computer security]]
| revenue = {{gain}} {{yen|223.8 billion|link=yes}} (2022)<ref name=Highlights>{{cite web|url=https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/about/investor-relations/financial-reports-data.html|title=FInancial Highlights of Trend Micro|publisher=Trend Micro}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{loss}} {{yen|31.3 billion}} (2022)<ref name=Highlights/>
| net_income = {{loss}} {{yen|29.8 billion}} (2022)<ref name=Highlights/>
| assets = {{gain}} {{yen|470.8 billion}} (2022)<ref name=Highlights/>
| equity = {{gain}} {{yen|228.7 billion}} (2022)<ref name=Highlights/>
| num_employees = 7,000 (2022)<ref name=Highlights/>
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.trendmicro.com}}
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Trend Micro Inc.'''|トレンドマイクロ株式会社|Torendo Maikuro Kabushiki-Gaisha}} is an American-Japanese [[cyber security]] software company. The company has globally dispersed R&D in 16 locations across every continent excluding Antarctica. The company develops enterprise security software for [[Server (computing)|server]]s, containers, & [[cloud computing]] environments, networks, and end points.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://containerjournal.com/2019/04/15/trend-micro-advances-devsecops-via-kubernetes-integration/|title=Trend Micro Advances DevSecOps via Kubernetes Integration |work=Container Journal |date=15 April 2019}}</ref> Its cloud and [[virtualization]] security products provide automated security for customers of [[VMware]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro Teams Up with VMware Deep Security Integrated with VMware NSX |first=Eduard |last=Kovacs |date=27 August 2013 |work=Softpedia |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Trend-Micro-Teams-Up-with-VMware-Deep-Security-Integrated-with-VMware-NSX-378471.shtml |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> [[Amazon Web Services|Amazon AWS]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Gartner: Best practices for Amazon AWS security |first=Ellen |last=Messmer |date=25 June 2014 |work=Network World |url=http://www.networkworld.com/article/2367549/cloud-security/gartner-best-practices-for-amazon-aws-security.html |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> [[Microsoft Azure]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro and Microsoft Expand Partnership to Provide Security to Azure Customers |first=Eduard |last=Kovacs |date=13 May 2014 |work=Softpedia |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Trend-Micro-and-Microsoft-Expand-Partnership-to-Provide-Security-to-Azure-Customers-441881.shtml |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> and [[Google Cloud Platform]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://securityboulevard.com/2019/04/trend-micro-releases-innovations-that-increase-security-for-google-cloud-platform-kubernetes-and-g-suite-gmail/|title=Trend Micro Releases Innovations That Increase Security for Google Cloud Platform, Kubernetes and G Suite Gmail |date=9 April 2019 |publisher=Security Boulevard}}</ref>

[[Eva Chen]], who is the founder, currently serves as Trend Micro's [[chief executive officer]], a position she has held since 2005. She succeeded founding CEO [[Steve Chang]], who now serves as chairman.<ref name="South China Morning Post">{{cite news |title=Trend Micro |date=23 November 2004 |work=South China Morning Post}}</ref>

==History==
===1988–1999===
The company was founded in 1988 in [[Los Angeles]] by [[Steve Chang]], his wife, Jenny Chang, and her sister, Eva Chen (陳怡樺).<ref>{{cite news |title=In cybersecurity, workers must think on feet, culture czar says |first=Naomi |last=Nishihara |date=11 August 2015 |work=The Dallas Morning News |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/business/technology/headlines/20150811-in-cybersecurity-workers-must-think-on-feet-culture-czar-says.ece |access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Greenberg |first=Andy |date=4 November 2009 |title=Ten Minutes That Mattered: Trend Micro's Eva Chen |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/11/04/trend-micro-japan-intelligent-technology-chen.html |access-date=16 March 2018 |work=Forbes}}</ref> The company was established with proceeds from Steve Chang's previous sale of a copy protection [[dongle]] to a United States-based Rainbow Technologies.<ref name="International Directory of Company Histories">{{cite encyclopedia |first=M.L. |last=Cohen |chapter=Trend Micro Inc. |title=International Directory of Company Histories |volume=97 |year=2009 |editor-first=Jay P. |editor-last=Pederson |publisher=St. James Press |location=Detroit |pages=429–432}}</ref> Shortly after establishing the company, its founders moved headquarters to [[Taipei]].<ref name="Taiwan Review">{{cite news |title=Hard Sell for Software |first=Eugenia |last=Yun |date=July 2001 |url=http://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=117&CtNode=1354 |work=Taiwan Review |access-date=15 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123227/http://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=117&CtNode=1354 |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

In 1992, Trend Micro took over a Japanese software firm to form Trend Micro Devices and established headquarters in Tokyo. It then made an agreement with CPU maker [[Intel]], under which it produced an anti-virus product for local area networks ([[Local area network|LAN]]s) for sale under the Intel brand. Intel paid royalties to Trend Micro for sales of LANDesk Virus Protect in the United States and Europe, while Trend paid royalties to Intel for sales in Asia. In 1993, Novell began bundling the product with its network operating system.<ref name="Taiwan Review"/> In 1996 the two companies agreed to a two-year continuation of the agreement in which Trend was allowed to globally market the ServerProtect product under its own brand alongside Intel's LANDesk brand.{{Cn|date=August 2021}}

Trend Micro was listed on the [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]] in 1998 under the [[ticker symbol|ticker]] 4704.<ref name="International Directory of Company Histories"/> The company began trading on the United States-based [[NASDAQ]] stock exchange in July 1999.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Stock Listings |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=12 July 1999}}</ref>

===2000s===
In 2004, founding chief executive officer Steve Chang decided to split the responsibilities of CEO and chairman of the company.<ref name="International Directory of Company Histories"/> Company co-founder Eva Chen succeeded Chang as chief executive officer of Trend Micro in January 2005.<ref name="South China Morning Post"/> Chen had most recently served as the company's chief technology officer since 1996 and before that executive vice president since the company's founding in October 1989.<ref name="South China Morning Post"/> Chang retained his position as company chairman.<ref name="South China Morning Post"/> In May, Trend Micro acquired US-based [[Spyware|antispyware]] company InterMute for $15 million.<ref name=bostonglobe>{{cite news |title=Japanese Firm to Buy Braintree's Intermute for $1.5M |first=Hiawatha |last=Bray |date=11 May 2005 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Trend Micro had fully integrated InterMute's SpySubtract antispyware program into its antispyware product offerings by the end of that year.<ref name=bostonglobe/><ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro steps up fight against hackers |first=Jack |last=Kapica |date=31 October 2005 |work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref>

In June 2005 Trend Micro acquired Kelkea, a US-based developer of antispam software.<ref name="Cnet Kelkea">{{cite news |title=Trend Micro tackles spam with Kelkea buy; The antivirus company's purchase of Kelkea beefs up its spam credentials and sets it on the road to tackling phishing. |date=14 June 2005 |publisher=CNET}}</ref> Kelkea developed [[Mail Abuse Prevention System]] (MAPS) and IP filtering software that allowed [[internet service providers]] to block spam and [[phishing]] scams.<ref>{{cite news |title=News bits |date=20 June 2005 |work=Network World}}</ref> Kelkea chief executive officer Dave Rand was retained by Trend Micro as its chief technologist for content security.<ref name="Cnet Kelkea"/>

In March 2007, Trend Micro acquired [[freeware]] antispyware program [[HijackThis]] from its creator Merijn Bellekom for an undisclosed sum.<ref>{{cite news |title=Free HijackThis Tool Acquired by Trend Micro |first=Neil J. |last=Rubenking |date=13 March 2007 |work=PC Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro acquires HijackThis antispyware; HijackThis to remain as freeware for public use |first=Ellen |last=Messmer |date=14 March 2007 |work=Network World Fusion}}</ref> Trend Micro delisted its [[American depositary receipt|depository shares]] from the NASDAQ stock exchange in May.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Trend Micro Notice Regarding Completion of Delisting of Its ADRs from NASDAQ |date=1 June 2007 |agency=PR Newswire Asia}}</ref> Later that year, in October, Trend Micro acquired US-based [[data loss prevention software]] developer Provilla.<ref name="Network World Provilla">{{cite news |url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/2287662/trend-micro-buys-data-leak-specialist-provilla.html |title=Trend Micro buys data-leak specialist Provilla |first=Ellen |last=Messmer |date=25 October 2007 |work=Network World Fusion}}</ref> Provilla was the creator LeakProof, software that allowed companies to block the transmission of sensitive data and warn security managers about transmission attempts.<ref name="Network World Provilla"/>

Trend Micro acquired Identum in February 2008 for an undisclosed sum.<ref name="Bristol Evening Post">{{cite news |title=Data spy-beater sold to us rival |date=28 February 2008 |work=Bristol Evening Post}}</ref> Identum, which was founded in and later spun-off from the [[University of Bristol]] [[cryptography]] department, developed [[ID-based encryption|ID-based email encryption]] software. Identum's chairman was serial entrepreneur, Steve Purdham.<ref name="Bristol Evening Post"/> The two companies were originally in talks for Trend Micro to license Identum's technology, but Trend Micro later decided to purchase the firm outright.<ref name="Bristol Evening Post"/> Identum was renamed Trend Micro (Bristol) and its encryption technology was integrated into existing Trend Micro products.<ref name="Wireless News">{{cite press release |title=Trend Micro Purchases Identum for Identity-Based Email Encryption |date=1 March 2008 |work=Wireless News}}</ref> Existing Identum products were continued but sold under the Trend Micro brand.<ref name="Wireless News"/> Also that year, Trend Micro sued Barracuda Networks for the latter's distribution of [[ClamAV]] as part of a security package.<ref name="PC Magazine Lawsuit">{{cite news |title=Update: Barracuda Takes on Trend Micro over ClamAV Patents |date=29 January 2008 |work=PC Magazine |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2254005,00.asp |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Trend Micro claimed that Barracuda's use of ClamAV infringed on a software patent owned by Trend Micro for filtering viruses on an Internet gateway.<ref name="PC Magazine Lawsuit"/> On 19 May 2011, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued a Final Rejection<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.groklaw.net/pdf3/90011022-18.pdf | title=Ex Parte Reexamination | publisher=U.S. Patent and Trademark Office | date=19 May 2011 | access-date=4 October 2015}}</ref> in the reexamination of Trend Micro's U.S. patent 5,623,600.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20110613091958268 | title=Anatomy of a Dying Patent - The Reexamination of Trend Micro's '600 Patent | publisher=Groklaw.net | date=13 June 2011 | access-date=4 October 2015}}</ref>

In April 2009, Trend Micro acquired [[Ottawa]], Canada-based Third Brigade for an undisclosed sum.<ref name="Network World Third Brigade">{{cite news |title=UPDATE: Trend Micro acquiring Third Brigade as part of data-center security strategy |first=Ellen |last=Messmer |date=29 April 2009 |work=Network World |url=http://www.networkworld.com/article/2254079/lan-wan/update--trend-micro-acquiring-third-brigade-as-part-of-data-center-security-strategy.html |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Third Brigade developed host-based intrusion prevention and [[firewall (computing)|firewall]] software that had been used by Trend Micro in its Trend OfficeScan anti-malware suite for two years prior to acquiring Third Brigade.<ref name="Network World Third Brigade"/> Third Brigade was reincorporated as Trend Micro Canada Technologies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro buys Third Brigade, gains Canadian presence |first=Rafael |last=Ruffolo |date=29 April 2009 |work=IT World Canada |url=http://www.itworldcanada.com/article/trend-micro-buys-third-brigade-gains-canadian-presence/11437 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref>

===2010s===
Trend Micro acquired UK-based [[humyo]] in June 2010 for an undisclosed sum.<ref name="Cnet Humyo">{{cite news |title=Trend Micro to buy cloud storage provider Humyo |first=Lance |last=Whitney |date=14 June 2010 |publisher=CNET |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/trend-micro-to-buy-cloud-storage-provider-humyo/ |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> humyo provided [[cloud (computing)|cloud]]-based data storage and synchronization services to small businesses and individuals.<ref name="Cnet Humyo"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro lays down bread for humyo cloud service |first=Chris |last=Mellor |date=14 June 2010 |work=The Register |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/06/14/trend_humyo/ |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Later that year, in November, Trend Micro acquired Mobile Armor. Mobile Armor was a developer of full disk, file and folder, and removable media encryption for mobile devices.<ref name="PC World Mobile">{{cite news |title=Trend Micro Boosts Data Protection with Mobile Armor Purchase |date=29 November 2010 |first=Tony |last=Bradley |work=PC World |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/211830/trend_micro_boosts_data_protection_with_mobile_armor_purchase.html |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Trend Micro integrated the company's technology into a centrally-managed platform for mobile device security.<ref name="PC World Mobile"/>

In June 2012, Trend Micro acquired US-based [[Secure Sockets Layer]] (SSL) certificate provider AffirmTrust for an undisclosed sum.<ref name="Boston Business Journal">{{cite news |title=AffirmTrust acquired by billion-dollar Japanese company |first=Don |last=Seiffert |date=27 June 2012 |work=Boston Business Journal |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/mass-high-tech/2012/06/affirmtrust-acquired-by-billion-dollar.html |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Trend Micro followed up with another acquisition, [[Taiwan]]ese advanced network-security firm Broadweb, in October 2012.<ref name="ZDNet Broadweb">{{cite news |title=Trend Micro acquires advanced persistent threat defender Broadweb |first=Charlie |last=Osbrone |date=10 October 2013 |publisher=ZDNet |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/trend-micro-acquires-advanced-persistent-threat-defender-broadweb/ |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Broadweb was a developer of [[deep packet inspection]] technology that had the ability to block malicious data packets in real-time.<ref name="ZDNet Broadweb"/> The technology was integrated into Trend Micro's Custom Defense Solution, a suite that was designed to provide network-wide visibility and protection against advanced attacks and threats.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro to enhance networks' protection with Broadweb acquisition |first=Tina |last=Costanza |date=10 November 2013 |work=Silicon Republic |url=http://www.siliconrepublic.com/business/item/34484-trend-micro-to-enhance-netw |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref>

Trend Micro relocated its US headquarters to the [[Las Colinas]] area of [[Irving, Texas]] in September 2013.<ref name="Boston Business Journal"/> The relocation allowed the company to consolidate operations previously housed in [[Cupertino, California]] and [[Arlington, Texas]].<ref name="Boston Business Journal"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro Opens New Global Operations Headquarters |date=18 September 2013 |work=Security Week |url=http://www.securityweek.com/trend-micro-opens-new-global-operations-headquarters |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref>

In September 2014, Trend Micro began a partnership with [[INTERPOL]] wherein Trend Micro shared with the international police organization information on cybercrime threats via the company's Threat Intelligence Service. According to INTERPOL, the information helped the international police organization and its 190 member countries decrease cybercrime on a global scale. Trend Micro also provided a cybercrime investigation training program to INTERPOL.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro to share threat information with Interpol |first=Leon |last=Spencer |date=1 October 2014 |publisher=ZDNet |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/trend-micro-to-share-threat-information-with-interpol/ |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref>

Also in 2014, Trend Micro expanded its Cloud App Security to protect Microsoft Office 365 from threats not caught by native Microsoft Security.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.eweek.com/security/trend-micro-offers-new-security-for-microsoft-office-365.html| title=Trend Micro Offers New Security for Microsoft Office 365| first=Darryl K.| last=Taft| date=15 July 2014| work=[[eWeek]]| access-date=18 May 2016}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> By 2016, the Cloud App Security software was expanded to cover Box, Dropbox and Google Drive.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cloudsecurityresource.com/topics/cloud-security/articles/418707-trend-micro-expands-its-cloud-app-security-solution.htm| title=Trend Micro Expands its Cloud App Security Solution| date=11 March 2016| first=Frank| last=Griffin| publisher=Cloud Security Resource| access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref>

In October 2015, Trend Micro reached an agreement to buy [[TippingPoint]], a network and software security developer from [[HP Inc.]] for $US300 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/trend-micro-acquires-hps-tippingpoint-security-team-in-300-million-deal/|title=Trend Micro Acquires HP's TippingPoint security team in $300 Million Deal|publisher=[[ZDNet]] |first=Charlie |last=Osborne |date=21 October 2015|access-date=25 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/h-p-to-sell-hp-tippingpoint-to-trend-micro-1445477243| title=H-P to Sell HP TippingPoint to Trend Micro| first=Josh| last=Beckerman| date=21 October 2015| newspaper=The Wall Street Journal| access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/10/21/trend_micro_buys_hp_tipping_point/| title=Trend Micro stumps up $300m to buy HP TippingPoint| first=John| last=Leyden| date=21 October 2015| work=The Register| access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref> This included the bug bounty program, the [[Zero Day Initiative]] which was incorporated in Trend Micro Research's focus on existing threats, vulnerabilities, and future potential security issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/03/21/zero-day-safari-exploits/|title=Two zero-day Safari exploits found, one allowing complete takeover of Mac|publisher=[[9to5Mac]]|access-date=18 July 2019|date=21 March 2019}}</ref>

That same year, Trend Micro was certified as a [[VCE (company)|VCE]] validation ready solution and [[Vblock]] ready through the VCE Technology Alliance Partner program.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cioreview.com/news/trend-micro-deep-security-earns-vce-validation-nid-6976-cid-21.html| title=Trend Micro Deep Security Earns VCE Validation| date=1 July 2015| publisher=Cio Review| access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.arnnet.com.au/article/578425/trend-micro-deep-security-gets-vce-certification/| title=Trend Micro Deep Security gets VCE certification| first=Chris| last=Player| date=26 June 2015| publisher=ARN| access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref> Later, Trend Micro joined the VCE Select Program, which allowed Trend Micro's Deep Security to be bundled with VCE's converged and hyper-converged infrastructure systems.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.arnnet.com.au/article/588667/trend-micro-vce-expand-strategic-alliance/| title=Trend Micro and VCE expand strategic alliance| first=Hafizah| last=Osman| date=11 November 2015| publisher=ARN| access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref>

[[Gartner]] named Trend Micro to the "Leaders" ranking of its [[Magic Quadrant]] rating for [[endpoint protection]] platforms in 2015, 2016 and 2017.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.crn.com/slide-shows/security/300077380/heres-who-made-gartners-2015-magic-quadrant-for-secure-web-gateways.htm/pgno/0/12| title=Here's Who Made Gartner's 2015 Magic Quadrant For Secure Web Gateways| first=Sarah| last=Kuranda| date=10 July 2015| publisher=CRN| access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://mspmentor.net/managed-security-services/010915/gartner-unveils-magic-quadrant-endpoint-protection-platforms-epp| title=Gartner Unveils Magic Quadrant for Endpoint Protection Platforms| first=Dan| last=Kobialka| date=9 January 2015| publisher=MSPmentor| access-date=18 May 2016| archive-date=3 May 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503011454/http://mspmentor.net/managed-security-services/010915/gartner-unveils-magic-quadrant-endpoint-protection-platforms-epp| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.crn.com/slide-shows/security/300080033/heres-who-made-gartners-2016-magic-quadrant-for-endpoint-protection-platforms.htm/pgno/0/1| title=Here's Who Made Gartner's 2016 Magic Quadrant For Endpoint Protection Platforms| first=Sarah| last=Kuranda| date=17 March 2016| publisher=CRN| access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://branden.biz/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Magic-Quadrant-for-Endpoint-Protection-Platforms-2017.pdf| title=Magic Quadrant for Endpoint Proteciton Platforms| publisher=Gartner| access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> In 2016, Trend Micro discovered that a variant of a virus affecting [[Android (operating system)|Android]] phones was able to infect smart TVs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/ransomware-now-locks-your-smart-tv-and-then-demand-apple-itunes-gifts/|title=Ransomware Now Locks Your Smart TV - And Then Demands Apple iTunes Gifts|first=Liam|last=Tung|date= 14 June 2016|publisher=ZDNet |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref>

Trend announced the launch of a $US100 million venture capital investment fund in June 2017 focused on the next generation of technology including the Internet of Things (IoT).<ref>{{cite web| url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/27/cybersecurity-firm-trend-micro-announces-100m-startup-fund/| title=Cybersecurity firm Trend Micro announces $100M startup fund| first=Jon| last=Russell |publisher=TechCrunch | date=27 June 2017| access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/trend-micro-launches-100m-venture-fund-to-invest-in-iot-startups/| title=Trend Micro to invest in IoT startups through new $100m venture fund| first=Tas| last=Bindi| date=27 June 2017| publisher=ZDNet| access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> In September 2017, Trend Micro was awarded reimbursement through the [[U.S. District Court]] for a portion of the legal fees incurred over rejected patent claims filed by Intellectual Ventures.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://cio.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/corporate-news/u-s-court-asks-intellectual-ventures-to-pay-trend-micros-legal-fees-in-a-failed-patent-case/60407523| title=U.S. Court asks Intellectual Ventures to pay Trend Micro's legal fees in a failed patent case| date=7 September 2017| work=The Economic Times| access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> The company subsequently launched Trend Forward Capital. The venture's initial investments included business-to-business payment company [[Veem]], wearable device company Muse, telemetry company Mojio<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.sci-tech-today.com/story.xhtml?story_id=020002HO7AF0| title=Trend Micro Fund: Tech Catalyst for a Smart, Connected World| date=8 January 2018| publisher=Sci-Tech Today| access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.techweek.es/empresas/noticias/1018662002701/trend-micro-da-conocer-inversiones-planes-fondo-capital-riesgo-startups-proyectos-tic.1.html| title=Trend Micro unveils investments and plans for its venture capital fund, catalyst for startups and ICT projects| date=11 January 2018| work=Tech Week| language=es| access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.zonamovilidad.es/el-fondo-de-capital-riesgo-de-trend-micro-invertira-en-veem-muse-y-mojio| title=The Trend Micro venture capital fund will invest in Veem, Muse and Mojio| date=13 January 2018| publisher=Zona Movilidad| access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> and brain health technology company Interaxon.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://techvibes.com/2017/11/07/interaxon-brain-sensing-tech-gets-11-6-million-boost| title=Interaxon Brain-Sensing Tech Gets $11.6 Million Boost| first=Kate| last=Cornick| date=7 November 2017| publisher=Techvibes| access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref>

In November 2017, Trend Micro acquired IMMUNIO, adding new capabilities for hybrid cloud security that fit neatly into the DevOps life cycle. IMMUNIO introduced early detection and protection against application vulnerabilities and container image scanning allowing for the publishing and protection of secure container images.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.cybersecurity-insiders.com/trend-micro-acquires-hybrid-cloud-security-firm-immunio/| title=Trend Micro acquires hybrid cloud security firm Immunio| first=Naveen| last=Goud| date=29 November 2017 |work=Cybersecurity Insiders}}</ref>

In December 2017, Trend partnered with Telco Systems to develop a virtual network cybersecurity platform combining Trend's Virtual Network Function Suite with Telco's NFVTime software.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.proactiveinvestors.co.uk/companies/news/188708/batms-telco-systems-subsidiary-launches-virtual-cybersecurity-solution-188708.html| title=BATM's Telco Systems subsidiary launches virtual cybersecurity solution| date=13 December 2017| publisher=Proactve Investors| access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://newsroom.trendmicro.com/press-release/telco-systems-expands-arm-ecosystem-joint-security-offering-trend-micro| title=Telco Systems Expands Arm Ecosystem with Joint Security Offering with Trend Micro| date=13 December 2017| publisher=Trend Micro| access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref>

In April 2018, Trend Micro joined the Cybersecurity Tech Accord, a public agreement between companies to defend all customers from malicious attacks by cybercriminal gangs and nation states.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 April 2018|title=Facebook, Microsoft, and 32 other tech firms sign cybersecurity pledge|url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/04/17/facebook-microsoft-and-32-other-tech-firms-sign-cybersecurity-pledge/|access-date=7 December 2020|website=VentureBeat|language=en-US}}</ref>

In August 2018, researchers discovered that several Trend Micro consumer products for MacOS were capturing browser history and other data, including passwords, and sending it to a remote server for initial analysis designed to enhance security. The products identified were Dr. Cleaner, Dr. Cleaner Pro, Dr. Antivirus, Dr. Unarchiver, Dr. Battery, Duplicate Finder and Open Any File. As a consequence, Apple removed the Trend Micro products from its Mac App Store.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tung|first=Liam|title=Trend Micro says sorry after apps grabbed Mac browser history|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/trend-micro-says-sorry-after-apps-grabbed-mac-browser-history/|access-date=7 December 2020|publisher=ZDNet|language=en}}</ref> Trend Micro admitted that the products had captured and uploaded the data. It also apologized to its "community for concern they might have felt", but went on to excuse the activity as being "humbly the result of the use of common code libraries", and that, in any event, appropriation of users' data was "explicitly disclosed in the applicable EULAs".<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 September 2018|title=Answers to Your Questions on Our Apps in the Mac App Store -|url=https://blog.trendmicro.com/answers-to-your-questions-on-our-mac-apps-store/|publisher=Trend Micro|access-date=7 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916104121/https://blog.trendmicro.com/answers-to-your-questions-on-our-mac-apps-store/|archive-date=16 September 2018}}</ref>

In September 2018 Trend Micro and HITRUST announced a partnership to launch a new center which provides advanced cyber risk management.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medcitynews.com/2017/08/hitrust-trend-micro/|access-date=18 July 2019|title=HITRUST and Trend Micro launch new cybersecurity-focused partnership|work=MedCity News|date=9 August 2017}}</ref> In October 2018, Trend Micro launched Apex One Endpoint Security, a single agent Endpoint Security product, stemming from the company's past endpoint security products.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eweek.com/security/trend-micro-converges-edr-endpoint-security-protection-in-apex-one/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro Converges EDR, Endpoint Security Protection in Apex One|first=Sean Michael|last=Kerner|work=eWeek|date=16 October 2018}}</ref> In November 2018 Trend Micro and [[Moxa Technologies|Moxa Inc.]], announced the formation of a joint-venture corporation, TXOne Networks, which will focus on the security needs present in the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) environments.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://dallasinnovates.com/trend-micros-iot-joint-venture-offers-a-new-approach-to-tackling-weaknesses-in-cybersecurity/| title=Trend Micro's IoT Joint Venture Offers a New Approach to Tackling Weaknesses in Cybersecurity| first=John| last=Branch| publisher=Dallas Innovates | date=8 April 2019}}</ref>

In March 2019, Trend Micro announced a partnership to share threat information with The Japanese Center of Incident Readiness and Strategy for Cybersecurity (NISC).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techobserver.in/2019/03/01/trend-micro-signs-agreement-with-nisc-to-share-threat-information/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro signs agreement with NISC to share threat information|first=|last=|work=Tech Observer|date=1 March 2019}}</ref> In April, a partnership with Luxoft Holding, Inc. (A global digital strategy and engineering firm) was announced to jointly introduce and deploy the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) to secure networked vehicles from cyberattacks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2019/04/07/trend-micro-luxoft-team-up-to-protect-networked-cars-from-hackers/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro, Luxoft team up to protect networked cars from hackers|first=|last=|work=The Star|date=7 April 2019}}</ref>

In July 2019, Trend Micro expanded its presence on Microsoft Azure with Deep Security as a Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crn.in/security/trend-micro-expands-presence-on-microsoft-azure-marketplace-with-deep-security-as-a-service-offering/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro expands presence on Microsoft Azure Marketplace with Deep Security as a Service offering|first=|last=|work=CRN India|date=29 July 2019}}</ref> In August, Trend Micro expanded its XDR service offering across email, network, server, and cloud workloads.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infusedinnovations.com/blog/secure-intelligent-workplace/xdr-pioneers-and-leaders|access-date=26 July 2023|title=XDR Pioneers and Leaders|first=K.K.|last=Tucker|work=Infused Innovations|date=3 May 2021}}</ref>

In October 2019, Trend Micro entered a partnership with Snyk to create a solution for open source vulnerabilities. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://snyk.io/blog/trend-micro-and-snyk-partner-to-deliver-complete-remediation-to-secure-containers/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro and Snyk partner to deliver complete remediation to secure containers|first=Geva|last=Solomonovich|work=Snyk|date=8 October 2019}}</ref> Additionally, that month, Trend Micro acquired Cloud Conformity, a Cloud Security Posture Management company. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/trend-micro-picks-up-cloud-conformity-for-70-million/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro picks up Cloud Conformity for $70 million|first=Aimee|last=Chanthadavong|work=ZDNet|date=21 October 2019}}</ref> In November, Trend Micro announced its new product offering, Cloud One, a suite of security products for organizations building platforms in the cloud. Trend Micro launched the suite with the release of Cloud One – Workload Security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dynamicciso.com/trend-micro-launches-cloud-one-to-meet-companies-strategic-cloud-priorities/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro Launches Cloud One, To Meet Companies Strategic Cloud Priorities|first=|last=|work=Dynamic Ciso|date=28 November 2019}}</ref>

===2020s===
In July 2020, Trend Micro Launched Cloud One – Conformity, a product resulting from the company's purchase of Cloud Conformity, to help organizations tackle misconfigurations, compliance challenges, and cyber-risks in the cloud.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bisinfotech.com/trend-micro-introduces-its-cloud-one-conformity/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro Introduces its Cloud One™ – Conformity|first=Nitisha|last=Dubey|work=BisInfoTech|date=28 July 2020}}</ref>

In November 2020, Trend Micro released Cloud One – Network Security, intended to protect private cloud networks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bisinfotech.com/trend-micro-releases-cloud-one-network-security/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro Releases Cloud One-Network Security|first=Aishwarya |last=Saxena|work=BisInfoTech|date=12 November 2020}}</ref> Additionally, Trend Micro announced a cloud security integration with AWS Gateway Load Balancer, to make it easier for corporations to implement and manage third party virtual appliances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2020/08/14/trend-micro-aws/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro integrates with AWS to enhance agility and automation in cloud security|first=|last=|work=Help Net Security|date=14 August 2020}}</ref> Trend Micro was also named a launch partner for AWS Firewall, a managed service that makes it easy to deploy essential network protections for all Amazon Virtual Private Clouds on Amazon Web Services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bisinfotech.com/trend-micro-becomes-launch-partner-for-aws-network-firewall/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro Becomes Launch Partner for AWS Firewall|first=Aishwarya|last=Saxena|work=BisInfoTech|date=18 November 2020}}</ref> Trend Micro also launched Trend Micro Check, a free tool for identifying fraud and misinformation in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abc7chicago.com/trend-micro-check-free-fact-online-verify-website/9314749/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Cyber security company helps kids, parents sort out facts from fiction online|first=|last=|work=abc 7 Chicago|date=3 January 2021}}</ref>

In December 2020, Trend Micro expanded its Cloud One suite of products with Cloud One – File Storage Security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itpro.com/security/cyber-security/358155/trend-micro-aims-to-seamlessly-secure-file-storage-in-the-cloud|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro aims to seamlessly secure file storage in the cloud|first=Danny|last=Bradbury|work=ITPro|date=16 December 2020}}</ref>

In January 2021, Trend Micro Launched Cloud One – Container Security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://channelbuzz.ca/2021/01/trend-micro-enhances-cloud-one-services-platform-cloud-native-container-security-with-run-time-protection-35668/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro enhances Cloud One Services Platform cloud-native container security with Run-Time protection|first=Mark|last=Cox|work=Channel Buzz|date=21 January 2021}}</ref> In February, Trend Micro launched Vision One, an XDR platform that allowed customers to both detect and respond to threats from a single platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itwire.com/business-it-news/security/trend-micro-launches-vision-one-xdr-platform.html|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro launches Vision One XDR platform|first=Stephen|last=Withers|work=ITWire|date=10 February 2021}}</ref>

In May 2020, Trend Micro announced TXOne StellarProtect, and OT-native endpoint security solution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2021/05/04/trend-micro-endpoint-security/#:~:text=Trend%20Micro%20announced%20an%20OT-native%20endpoint%20security%20solution%2C,of%20environmental%20conditions%2C%20for%20any%20mission-critical%20ICS%20environment.|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro unveils OT-native endpoint security solution for ICS environments|first=|last=|work=Help Net Security|date=4 May 2021}}</ref> Trend Micro also launched Cloud One – Open Source Security by Snyk, the result of a multi-year partnership between the two companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/business/trend-micro-brings-open-source-vulnerability-data-to-security-teams/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro brings open source vulnerability data to security teams|first=Paul|last=Sawers|work=Venture Beat|date=10 May 2021}}</ref>

In September 2021, Trend Micro launched Service One, a service to allow customers to get support from industry professionals in managing their security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://intlbm.com/2021/09/28/trend-micro-unveils-service-one-for-curbing-cyber-threats-across-mena/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro unveils Service One for curbing cyber threats across MENA|first=|last=|work=International Business Magazine|date=28 September 2021}}</ref> In October, Trend Micro partnered with Fujitsu Limited and automotive-related manufacturers to strengthen connected car security measures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.just-auto.com/news/fujitsu-and-trend-micro-collaborate-on-connected-car-security/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Fujitsu and Trend Micro collaborate on connected car security|first=Graeme|last=Roberts|work=JustAuto|date=13 October 2021}}</ref>

In April 2022, Trend Micro announced Trend Micro One, a platform in which Trend Micro and its ecosystem partners provide customers connected visibility, better detection and response, and protection across all security layers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.darkreading.com/operations/trend-micro-launches-new-security-platform|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro Launches New Security Platform|first=|last=|work=Dark Reading|date=25 April 2022}}</ref> In June, Trend Micro announced VicOne, a dedicated security offering for electric vehicles and connected cars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2022/06/15/trend-micro-vicone/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro VicOne strengthens connected vehicle cybersecurity|first=|last=|work=Help Net Security|date=15 June 2022}}</ref> In October, Trend Micro formed a U.S. Federal Excellence Committee staffed by six current U.S. government officials to facilitate collaboration among federal agencies regarding cybersecurity threats.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govconwire.com/2022/10/trend-micros-new-committee-staffed-by-6-government-exec-leaders/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro's New Committee Staffed by 6 Government Officials; Kevin Simzer Quoted|first=Naomi|last=Cooper|work=GovConWire|date=20 October 2022}}</ref>

In January 2023, Trend Micro established CTOne, a new subsidiary focused on advancing 5G network security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digitimes.com/news/a20230106PD207/5g-private-network-trend-micro.html|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro establishes CTOne for 5G private network cybersecurity|first=Ines|last=Lin|work=DigiTimes Asia|date=9 January 2023}}</ref> In February, Trend Micro acquired Anylz, a provider of security operations center technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.securityinfowatch.com/cybersecurity/press-release/53026301/trend-micro-trend-micro-acquires-soc-technology-expert-anlyz|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro acquires SOC technology expert Anlyz|first=|last=|work=Security Infowatch|date=22 February 2023}}</ref> In April, Trend Micro announced the Risk to Resilience World Tour which covered over 120 cities in 90 days, with the mission of helping organizations come together and mitigate cyber risk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smechannels.com/trend-micro-embarks-on-risk-to-resilience-world-tour-covering-120-cities/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro Embarks on Risk to Resilience World Tour, Covering 120 Cities|first=|last=|work=SME Channels|date=21 April 2023}}</ref>

In July 2023, Trend Micro launched Trend Vision One, with a GPT based cybersecurity assistant, Companion, as part of their XDR product offering.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://siliconangle.com/2023/06/15/trend-micro-launches-gpt-based-cybersecurity-assistant-copiloted-security-operations-center/|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Trend Micro launches GPT-based cybersecurity assistant for the copiloted security operations center|first=Tim|last=Keary|work=Silicon Angle|date=15 June 2023}}</ref> In the same month, Trend Micro signed a deal with [[McLaren Formula E Team]] as an official partner from 2024 onwards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=McLaren Racing announces Trend Micro as an Official Partner of NEOM McLaren Formula E Team |url=https://www.mclaren.com/racing/formula-e/mclaren-racing-announces-trend-micro-as-an-official-partner-of-neom-mclaren-formula-e-team/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.mclaren.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Technologies==
In June 2008, Trend Micro introduced Trend Micro Smart Protection Network, a cloud-client content security infrastructure that delivers global threat intelligence to protect customers from online threats, such as data stealing malware, phishing attacks, and other web, email, and mobile threats. In 2012, Trend Micro added [[big data]] [[analytics]] to its Smart Protection Network.<ref name="SecurityWeek Smart Protection Network">{{cite news |title=Trend Micro Adds Big Data Capabilities to its 'Smart Protection Network' for Enhanced Cloud, Mobile and Targeted Attack Protection |first=Fahmida Y. |last=Rashid |date=7 August 2012 |work=SecurityWeek |url=http://www.securityweek.com/trend-micro-enhances-cloud-security-infrastructure-big-data-analytics |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Big data analytics allow the network to use behavioral-based identification methods to identify new security threats.<ref name="SecurityWeek Smart Protection Network"/> The network also combines in-the-cloud technologies with other client-based antivirus technologies to reduce dependency on conventional pattern file downloads on the endpoint.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro Releases New 'Smart Protection Network' |first=Stefanie |last=Hoffman |date=18 June 2008 |work=CRN |url=http://www.crn.com/news/security/208700393/trend-micro-releases-new-smart-protection-network.htm |access-date=15 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924050510/http://www.crn.com/news/security/208700393/trend-micro-releases-new-smart-protection-network.htm |archive-date=24 September 2010}}</ref> Threat information from Trend Micro's Smart Protection Network is deployed in real time to the company's security software portfolio.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trend Micro package protects against unpatched exploits |first=Ellen |last=Messmer |date=6 August 2012 |work=Network World |url=http://www.networkworld.com/article/2190240/security/trend-micro-package-protects-against-unpatched-exploits.html |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Trend Micro's report on EU's General Data Protection Regulation showed an increase in extortion attempts as organizations try to comply with EU privacy laws.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.information-age.com/gdpr-extortion-cyber-criminals-9665/|title=Warning of GDPR extortion attempts from strategic cyber criminals|first=Nick|last=Ismail|date=20 February 2018}}</ref>

Trend Micro receives its threat intelligence from TrendLabs, the company's research, development, and support center. TrendLabs has ten labs worldwide, and is headquartered in the [[Philippines]] and employs 1,200 security experts and engineers.<ref>{{cite news |title=PH is hub of technology giant |date=3 February 2013 |work=Manila Standard Today |url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/02/03/ph-is-hub-of-technology-giant/ |access-date=15 March 2015 |archive-date=25 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325034817/http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/02/03/ph-is-hub-of-technology-giant |url-status=dead }}</ref> Trend Micro's [[Singapore]]-based lab provides malware forensics and analysis.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trned Micro establishes forensics research lab in S'pore |first=Ellyne |last=Phneah |date=21 August 2013 |publisher=ZDNet |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/trend-micro-establishes-forensics-research-lab-in-spore/ |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref>

In February 2018, Trend Micro partnered with [[Panasonic]] to build more secure systems for electronic control units in automated cars.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Solomon|first=Howard|title=Trend Micro, Panasonic team to build cyber secure system for vehicles|url=https://www.itworldcanada.com/article/trend-micro-panasonic-team-to-build-cyber-secure-system-for-vehicles/401920|access-date=7 December 2020|website=IT World Canada|date=15 February 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> In April 2018, the company released a tool that helps identify individual writing styles and combat email fraud.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.enterpriseinnovation.net/article/first-ai-powered-writing-style-analysis-unveiled-halt-email-fraud-1863828355 |title=First AI-powered writing style analysis unveiled to halt email fraud |work=Enterprise Innovation |date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915231626/https://www.enterpriseinnovation.net/article/first-ai-powered-writing-style-analysis-unveiled-halt-email-fraud-1863828355 |archive-date=15 September 2018}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Companies}}
* [[Antivirus software]]
*[[Cloud security]]
* [[Comparison of antivirus software]]
* [[Comparison of computer viruses]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.trendmicro.com/}}

{{Nikkei 225}}
{{Antivirus software}}
{{Authority control}}

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