Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Goodguys Rod & Custom Association

2008-12-17T19:24:27Z

24.5.188.87:

{{Infobox Sport governing body
| title =
|assocname= Goodguys Rod and Custom Association
|abbrev =
|logo=Goodguys Rod and Custom Association.jpg
|sport=
|founded = 1983
|aff =
|affdate =
|region =
|regionyear =
| image =
| caption =
| category = [[street rod]]s, [[custom car]]s
| jurisdiction = [[United States]]
| headquarters = [[Pleasanton]], [[California]]
| president = Marc Meadors
|chiefexec =
|replaced =
|prevfounded =
|url =www.good-guys.com/
|countryflag= USA
|countryflag2=
}}

The '''Goodguys Rod & Custom Association''' is America's largest association catering to [[street rod]]s, [[custom car]]s and show cars. The Goodguys Association has over 70,000 active members worldwide. [http://www.good-guys.com/info/eventSchedule.aspx Goodguys stages twenty-two annual rod & custom car show events throughout the United States]as well as vintage drag races.

Founded by [http://speedstylemagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=123&Itemid=31 Gary] and Marilyn Meadors, Goodguys corporate headquarters are in [[Pleasanton, California]]. Their son, 40-year old Marc Meadors serves as company president.

The largest event Goodguys produces annually is the [http://www.streetrodderweb.com/events/0712sr_the_good_guys_10th_annual_ppg_nationals/index.html PPG Nationals] in [[Columbus, Ohio]] at the Ohio Expo Center. It attracts over 6,500 rods, customs, classics and street machines through 1972 vintage. The Goodguys Street Machine of the Year and the Goodguys Street Rod of the Year awards are presented at this event.

==Rod and custom events==
Since 1987, Goodguys has held what are known as their National Summer Series events. Held at fairgrounds and super speedways around the country in cities such as Pleasanton, Calfornia, [[Del Mar, California]], [[Scottsdale, Arizona]], [[Columbus, Ohio]], [[Indianapolis, Indiana]], [[Des Moines]], Iowa, [[Ft. Worth]], Texas and other cities, these rod and custom events feature thousands of hot rods and custom cars on display as well as vendor midways, live nostalgic music and stage shows, model car competitions, how-to seminars and even some vintage drag racing. In 2009, Goodguys will stage 22 rod and custom events in 13 states.{{update after|2008|12|31}}

==Vintage drag racing events==
Goodguys has been the leading promoter of vintage or nostalgia style drag racing competition since their first such vintage drag race,{{Fact|date=July 2008}} held in April of 1989 at [[Infineon Raceway]] in [[Sonoma]], California. From 1994 through 2006 Goodguys staged the West Coast Championship Series which at the time was America's premier points circuit for vintage drag racing. Also in 1994, Goodguys resurrected the [http://rodcustom.automotive.com/46323/135-marchmeet/index.html March Meet] drag races at Famoso Raceway in Bakersfield, California, tapping into the event's rich heritage. Over time, the Goodguys March Meet became the world's largest vintage drag race attracting over 600 competitors and a crowd in excess of 50,000.{{Fact|date=July 2008}} Goodguys staged their last March Meet, over two weekends in March of 2006. The event was never concluded as rainouts and track preparation problems forced the cancellation of the event.

Today Goodguys holds three vintage drag racing events at tracks in the Midwest. The Hot Rod Nationals held at O'Reilly Raceway Park in Indianapolis is held each June, while the Blue Suede Cruise and Nostalgia Nationals are held at Summit Motorsports Park in Norwalk, Ohio and Beech Bend Raceway Park in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The events feature vintage [[top fuel dragster]]s and [[funny car]]s, gassers and super stockers and hundreds of popular drag machines in vintage trim.

==Goodguys founder Gary Meadors==
Gary Meadors is the founder and Chairman of the Board of the Goodguys Rod & Custom Association. Gary grew up in the small central valley farming community of [[Dinuba, California]]. He built up his first hot rod at the age of 14, taking a 1947 Plymouth and installing a modified flathead Chrysler Six engine and then lowering the suspension until the car nearly scraped the ground – a Meadors rodding trademark to this day.

Meadors has accomplished several milestones in his hot rodding career including membership in the prestigious [[Bonneville]] 200mph Club when he drove the Dozier & Hegarty blown flathead Chrysler-8 powered streamliner to a record speed of 223.220mph at the [[Bonneville Salt Flats]] in 1994. In 1995, Gary was given the STREET RODDER Magazine Lifetime Achievement award. He was inducted into the Street Rod Marketing Alliance Hall of Fame in 1998 and at the 2004 [[SEMA]] show in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]], Gary received the Hot Rod Industry Alliance (HRIA) “Lifetime Achievement” award for his contributions to the world of hot rods and customs.

==History==
The first Goodguys event was staged in 1983 in Pleasanton, California at the [[Alameda County Fairgrounds]]. It was a one day car show which welcomed all years, makes and models of American Cars and Trucks. It was called the All American Get-Together. Held on a Saturday in March, the event attracted over 650 cars. On March 29th, 2008 the event celebrated its 26th anniversary. In 1987, Goodguys went national with a small team of employees staging ten events across the country during the spring and summer catering to hot rods and custom cars and has continued this tradition ever since, expanding the schedule to include 24 events in 17 states in 2008. Throughout the 21-plus year run of the Goodguys summer series, Goodguys have staged more than 530 total events. In 2003, Goodguys became the world’s largest rodding association and now has over 70,000 active members world wide.

The Goodguys Rod & Custom Association headquarters are located in a 23,000 square foot facility in Pleasanton, with regional offices in Phoenix, AZ, and Portland, OR. Goodguys employs a team of thirty-one full time staff members.

==Goodguys Gazette==
Since 1989, Goodguys has published the "Goodtimes Gazette" magazine which is distributed monthly to all association members. The publication was produced 8 times per year from 1989 through 1991. Starting with the October 1991 issue, the magazine went into production on a monthly basis. The magazine covers Goodguys events in depth but also features hot rodding Industry pioneers, Young Rodders and other stories of interest to hot rod and custom car enthusiasts. It also includes a cars for sale section.

==External links==
*[http://www.good-guys.com Goodguys Official Website]
*[http://speedstylemagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=123&Itemid=31 Gary Meadors: The Founding Good Guy!] *[http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/classifieds/news/automotive/latestnews/stories/DN-goodguys_06bus.ART0.State.Edition1.35ac668.html Goodguys car show rolling into TMS]
*[http://www.columbusalive.com/?sec=search&story=columbusalive/2007/0719/l-lightning.html Lightning Rods]
*[http://www.streetrodderweb.com/events/0809sr_2008_goodguys_del_mar/index.html 2008 Goodguys Del Mar]
*[http://www.streetrodderweb.com/hotnews/0806sr_goodguys_hot_hues_winner/index.html Indiana Family Takes Home Goodguys Award]
*[http://www.dragracingonline.com/raceresults/2008/x_6-goodguys-1.html Goodguys At Indy]
*[http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20080405/news_lz1dd5mcdonal.html Goodguys Show Muscles back to Del Mar]

[[Category:Automobile associations]]
[[Category:Pleasanton, California]]

Goodguys Rod & Custom Association

2008-12-17T19:23:16Z

24.5.188.87:

{{Infobox Sport governing body
| title =
|assocname= Goodguys Rod and Custom Association
|abbrev =
|logo=Goodguys Rod and Custom Association.jpg
|sport=
|founded = 1983
|aff =
|affdate =
|region =
|regionyear =
| image =
| caption =
| category = [[street rod]]s, [[custom car]]s
| jurisdiction = [[United States]]
| headquarters = [[Pleasanton]], [[California]]
| president = Marc Meadors
|chiefexec =
|replaced =
|prevfounded =
|url =www.good-guys.com/
|countryflag= USA
|countryflag2=
}}

The '''Goodguys Rod & Custom Association''' is America's largest association catering to [[street rod]]s, [[custom car]]s and show cars. The Goodguys Association has over 70,000 active members worldwide. [http://www.good-guys.com/info/eventSchedule.aspx Goodguys stages twenty-two annual rod & custom car show events throughout the United States]as well as vintage drag races.

Founded by [http://speedstylemagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=123&Itemid=31 Gary] and Marilyn Meadors, Goodguys corporate headquarters are in [[Pleasanton, California]]. Their son, 40-year old Marc Meadors serves as company president.

The largest event Goodguys produces annually is the [http://www.streetrodderweb.com/events/0712sr_the_good_guys_10th_annual_ppg_nationals/index.html PPG Nationals] in [[Columbus, Ohio]] at the Ohio Expo Center. It attracts over 6,500 rods, customs, classics and street machines through 1972 vintage. The Goodguys Street Machine of the Year and the Goodguys Street Rod of the Year awards are presented at this event.

==Rod and custom events==
Since 1987, Goodguys has held what are known as their National Summer Series events. Held at fairgrounds and super speedways around the country in cities such as Pleasanton, Calfornia, [[Del Mar, California]], [[Scottsdale, Arizona]], [[Columbus, Ohio]], [[Indianapolis, Indiana]], [[Des Moines]], Iowa, [[Ft. Worth]], Texas and other cities, these rod and custom events feature thousands of hot rods and custom cars on display as well as vendor midways, live nostalgic music and stage shows, model car competitions, how-to seminars and even some vintage drag racing. In 2009, Goodguys will stage 22 rod and custom events in 13 states.{{update after|2008|12|31}}

==Vintage drag racing events==
Goodguys has been the leading promoter of vintage or nostalgia style drag racing competition since their first such vintage drag race,{{Fact|date=July 2008}} held in April of 1989 at [[Infineon Raceway]] in [[Sonoma]], California. From 1994 through 2006 Goodguys staged the West Coast Championship Series which at the time was America's premier points circuit for vintage drag racing. Also in 1994, Goodguys resurrected the [http://rodcustom.automotive.com/46323/135-marchmeet/index.html March Meet] drag races at Famoso Raceway in Bakersfield, California, tapping into the event's rich heritage. Over time, the Goodguys March Meet became the world's largest vintage drag race attracting over 600 competitors and a crowd in excess of 50,000.{{Fact|date=July 2008}} Goodguys staged their last March Meet, over two weekends in March of 2006. The event was never concluded as rainouts and track preparation problems forced the cancellation of the event.

Today Goodguys holds three vintage drag racing events at tracks in the Midwest. The Hot Rod Nationals held at O'Reilly Raceway Park in Indianapolis is held each June, while the Blue Suede Cruise and Nostalgia Nationals are held at Summit Motorsports Park in Norwalk, Ohio and Beech Bend Raceway Park in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The events feature vintage [[top fuel dragster]]s and [[funny car]]s, gassers and super stockers and hundreds of popular drag machines in vintage trim.

==Goodguys founder Gary Meadors==
Gary Meadors is the founder and Chairman of the Board of the Goodguys Rod & Custom Association. Gary grew up in the small central valley farming community of [[Dinuba, California]]. He built up his first hot rod at the age of 14, taking a 1947 Plymouth and installing a modified flathead Chrysler Six engine and then lowering the suspension until the car nearly scraped the ground – a Meadors rodding trademark to this day.

Meadors has accomplished several milestones in his hot rodding career including membership in the prestigious [[Bonneville]] 200mph Club when he drove the Dozier & Hegarty blown flathead Chrysler-8 powered streamliner to a record speed of 223.220mph at the [[Bonneville Salt Flats]] in 1994. In 1995, Gary was given the STREET RODDER Magazine Lifetime Achievement award. He was inducted into the Street Rod Marketing Alliance Hall of Fame in 1998 and at the 2004 [[SEMA]] show in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]], Gary received the Hot Rod Industry Alliance (HRIA) “Lifetime Achievement” award for his contributions to the world of hot rods and customs.

==History==
The first Goodguys event was staged in 1983 in Pleasanton, California at the [[Alameda County Fairgrounds]]. It was a one day car show which welcomed all years, makes and models of American Cars and Trucks. It was called the All American Get-Together. Held on a Saturday in March, the event attracted over 650 cars. On March 29th, 2008 the event celebrated its 26th anniversary. In 1987, Goodguys went national with a small team of employees staging ten events across the country during the spring and summer catering to hot rods and custom cars and has continued this tradition ever since, expanding the schedule to include 24 events in 17 states in 2008. Throughout the 21-plus year run of the Goodguys summer series, Goodguys have staged more than 530 total events. In 2003, Goodguys became the world’s largest rodding association and now has over 70,000 active members world wide.

The Goodguys Rod & Custom Association headquarters are located in a 23,000 square foot facility in Pleasanton, with regional offices in Phoenix, AZ, and Portland, OR. Goodguys employs a team of thirty-one full time staff members.

==Goodguys Gazette==
Since 1989, Goodguys has published the "Goodtimes Gazette" magazine which is distributed monthly to all association members. The publication was produced 8 times per year from 1989 through 1991. Starting with the October 1991 issue, the magazine went into production on a monthly basis. The magazine covers Goodguys events in depth but also features hot rodding Industry pioneers, Young Rodders and other stories of interest to hot rod and custom car enthusiasts. It also includes a cars for sale section.

==External links==
*[http://www.good-guys.com Goodguys Official Website]
*[http://speedstylemagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=123&Itemid=31 Gary Meadors: The Founding Good Guy!] *[http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/classifieds/news/automotive/latestnews/stories/DN-goodguys_06bus.ART0.State.Edition1.35ac668.html Goodguys car show rolling into TMS]
*[http://www.columbusalive.com/?sec=search&story=columbusalive/2007/0719/l-lightning.html Lightning Rods]
*[http://www.streetrodderweb.com/events/0809sr_2008_goodguys_del_mar/index.html 2008 Goodguys Del Mar]
*[http://www.streetrodderweb.com/hotnews/0806sr_goodguys_hot_hues_winner/index.html Indiana Family Takes Home Goodguys Award]
*[http://www.dragracingonline.com/raceresults/2008/x_6-goodguys-1.html Goodguys At Indy]
*[http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20080405/news_lz1dd5mcdonal.html]

[[Category:Automobile associations]]
[[Category:Pleasanton, California]]

When a Stranger Calls (2006 film)

2008-08-31T09:30:50Z

24.5.188.87: trivial: missing "be"

{{infobox movie|
name=When a Stranger Calls|
image=When A Stranger Calls.jpg|
caption= '''Theatrical Release Poster'''|
director= [[Simon West]]|
writer= [[Jake Wade Wall]]|
starring= [[Camilla Belle]]|
producer=[[John Davis (American producer)|John Davis]] Wyck Godfrey Ken Lemberger|
music= [[James Dooley (composer)|James Dooley]]|
cinematography=Peter Menzies Jr.|
editing= Jeff Betancourt|
distributor= [[Screen Gems]]|
runtime = 100 min.|
language=[[English language|English]]|
budget = $15 million|
gross = $66.9 million|
released= [[February 3]], [[2006 in film|2006]]|
amg_id = 1:328104|
imdb_id=0455857|
}}
'''''When a Stranger Calls''''' is a [[2006 in film|2006]] [[remake]] of the [[1979 in film|1979]] [[When a Stranger Calls (1979 film)|film with the same name]]. In the film, [[baby-sitter]] Jill Johnson ([[Camilla Belle]]) receives increasingly threatening calls from a brutal [[serial killer]] who she first assumes is simply a juvenile prankster. A sequel has been confirmed and ''[[Heroes (TV series)|Heroes]]'' actress [[Hayden Panettiere]] will replace Camilla as Jill Johnson, and the film should be released in 2009 or 2010. It is unknown if it will be a remake of [[When a Stranger Calls Back]].

==Plot Summary==
The young Jill Johnson is being punished by her parents after going over her cell phone minutes. She is not allowed to drive or use her cell phone. She is hired to baby-sit for a couple. After showing her around, the children's parents leave, and Jill feels she can mind herself, knowing the kids are upstairs recovering from the flu. Now that she's alone she snoops around the house until she hears a loud bang.

Jill believes it's simply Rosa, the live-in maid, or Dr. Mandrakis returning to get something, so she ignores the noise. She sits down and reaches for the phone. Just before she picks it up, it rings. There is just heavy breathing on the other end of the phone. After a while Jill hears the line go dead and she hangs up. She notices Rosa is no longer feeding the birds in the atrium.

After receiving another call, Jill finds that it came from her friend Tiffany,who came to visit her. When she asks how Tiffany got in, she simply replies that the garage door was open. Jill closes the garage door while Tiffany looks for some alcohol to drink. When Jill asks her to leave she tries to persuade her to come to the bonfire party with her, but Jill refuses so Tiffany leaves. While she reaches her car, she hears footsteps in the woods next to the house and rushes to get into her car, dropping her keys. When she picks them up, she gets in the car only to find it won't start up. After trying several times it starts up and then she reverses the car to find carefully placed branches blocking the gate. After rushing out to move it, we now see from the killer's point of view, which is rushing up from behind. The last we see of Tiffany is her turning around with a horrified look on her face. The camera then shows Jill who hears banging on the front door, she races to it thinking it's Tiffany. When she opens it she finds no one there, she closes it and returns to the living room.

Jill gets more phone calls only to realize the person calling can see her. Then, he says the legendary line, "Have you checked the children?" Jill goes upstairs and checks on the children. Once she sees that they are okay, she goes back downstairs. As she reaches the bottom of the stairs, the phone rings. She answers it and hears the person say, "How were the children?" She sudenlly starts to panic, and quickly calls the police, but they say unless the caller is making a real threat to her they can't do anything. Finally they agree to trace the call. When she's done on the phone, she sees someone inside the guest house near the main house. She thinks it is Todd (the father's older son) or Rosa and decides to go there. Jill takes a flashlight and a candle stick as a weapon and runs to the guest house. She enters and finds the room empty, but when she looks out of the window, she sees a light go on in the children's room. She races back to the house and goes up to the third floor to Rosa's room. She finds this empty too, with the shower turned on in Rosa's bathroom. As she stands there, the police call to warn Jill that they have traced the call, and that the caller is somewhere inside the house. Suddenly she hears a phone ring and wearily turns around, and she is overwhelmed with sadness and fright as she finds out that it is her friend Tiffany's (who joined her at the house earlier in the night) cell phone ringing. Finding Tiffany's dead body in Rosa's bathroom, Jill goes downstairs to get the two children. She enters the childrens' room, expecting them to be sleeping under the bed covers. When she lifts up both bed covers, she realizes that there were only pillows under the covers. She looks around the room to look for thh children. She finally finds both of them inside their toy chest. When they're about to leave the bedroom, Jill sees the stranger on top of a rafter in their open wooden ceiling.

Jill and the children run inside the bathroom as the stranger jumps from the ceiling. Jill ties the door handle to a hook on the wall and locks themselves in. The stranger tries to get into the same room as Jill, and the kids make an escape to the indoor glass by turning on the water jet, so the stranger doesn't see them in the garden/atrium. The stranger makes it downstairs again and attacks Jill, who is hiding underwater. When the children run to the main door, they are too small to unlock it. Jill finds Rosa's dead body in the water. She also traps the man in the atrium (ripping some of her hair out in the process) and finds the kids in the fireplace. They all run for the door, but the stranger breaks out and chases after them. The kids make it out, but Jill is pulled back inside. She fights the stranger, and eventually stabs his hand with a [[fire poker]], pinning him to the floor. She manages to escape, and runs into the arms of a police officer, who has just arrived. While she is leaving to go to the hospital she sees the killer in a police cruiser. They look at each other for a long time, and the cruiser drives away. The police say they will have 4 officers on him around the clock but Jill simply replies "That's not enough." The audience learns that the killer is responsible for the murders of 15 people, most of them being young women and children. News reports state that the police are looking for the links between the victims and that the killer's identity is unknown at this point.

Later, as Jill is recovering in the hospital, she finds herself alone with a ringing phone echoing through the halls. She turns around to see the stranger reflected behind her in the mirror. She screams and screams, however, it is just a dream. Doctors run in to assist her as she cries "He's in the house! He's in the house!!" As the camera pans out, more people rush in the room to help her, showing that she was psychologically terrorized from the whole experience.

==Advertisement==
For the release of the film, [[AOL Instant Messenger]] ran ads beckoning users to IM Jill020306. When messaged, "Jill" (a [[Colloquis]]-style program) made small talk before panicking, as she received calls from a stranger asking her to check the children. She then gives the user her phone number (a toll-free 877 number) and asks them to call her. When users call, they hear an ad for the movie. Like many automated messaging agents, "Jill" is easily confused, which resulted in some unintentionally humorous moments —

''Jill'': I think I am going crazy. Look, all my friends are at a party - you need to call me and listen in on this call. 
''User'': How are you doing? 
''Jill'': I'm doing great. You?

Sometimes other glitches occur, such as Jill asking what she should do before telling the user that a stranger is calling her.

Also, around the time of the DVD release, a new screen name appeared, Jill051606, to tie in with the DVD release date, [[May 16]], [[2006]]. It does not involve calling her, but instead she directs you to a video security system on the official DVD site where the shadow of the stranger passes by frequently.

[[MySpace]].com also ran an advertisement: the profile for [http://www.myspace.com/Jill051606 Jill051606], in which users can add the profile as a friend, leave comments, read the blog and IM.

==Credited cast==

*[[Camilla Belle]] - Jill Johnson
*[[Tommy Flanagan (actor)|Tommy Flanagan]] - The Stranger
*[[Katie Cassidy]] - Tiffany
*[[Lance Henriksen]] - The Stranger's voice
*John Bobek - Officer Lewis
*Molly Bryant - Mom
*[[Madeline Carroll]] - Alison
*[[David Denman]] - Burroughs
*[[Brian Geraghty]] - Bobby
*Kate Jennings Grant - Kelly Mandrakis
*Escher Holloway - Cody
*[[Derek de Lint]] - Dr. Mandrakis
*Brad Surosky - Bookish Kid
*[[Tessa Thompson]] - Scarlet
*Kevin Wethington - Dennis Sheller

==Response==
Critical consensus was negative, with the average grade on Yahoo! Movies being a "D", despite the film's 21.6 million dollar opening setting the record for a movie opening on [[Super Bowl XL]] weekend.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/news/sb/2006-02-06#film2 Movie & TV News @ IMDb.com - Studio Briefing - 6 February 2006]</ref> On the review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 10% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 84 reviews, with the consensus that the film is "a poorly acted, fright-free remake".<ref>[http://au.rottentomatoes.com/m/when_a_stranger_calls/about.php#consensus ROTTEN TOMATOES: Movies – Top Movies, Trailers, Tickets & Showtimes]</ref>
The biggest criticism of the remake was that it gave away the moment of suspense from the original by revealing the source of the calls in the previews, and also the fact that the film just wasn't scary. The problem arguably results from the fact that the remake amputated about half the original plot. Reviews of the 1979 movie continually praise the fact that Curt Duncan isn't just a faceless superpowered psychopath - which is exactly what the villain in the 2006 remake is.

As of [[January 10]], [[2008]], the film grossed a total of 47.9 million dollars in the domestic [[box office]], and 66.9 million dollars worldwide.<ref>[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=whenastrangercalls06.htm When a Stranger Calls (2006)]</ref>

The movie was released on [[May 16]], [[2006]] for [[PlayStation Portable|PSP]] and [[DVD]]. Special features include two commentaries (one with Camilla Belle and Simon West; the other with Jake Wade Wall), deleted scenes, a 20-minute making-of featurette, and trailers.

==Worldwide==
The film grossed a total of 66.9 million dollars worldwide. In its first week, it grossed 24.8 million dollars.<ref>[http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2006/WHSTC.php When a Stranger Calls - Box Office Data, Movie News, Cast Information - The Numbers]</ref>

Alternate titles worldwide:
*Mexico/Venezuela/Ecuador: Cuando Un Extraño Llama
*Spain: Cuando Llama Un Extraño
*France: Terreur Sur La Ligne
*Germany: Unbekannter Anrufer
*Italy: Chiamata Da Uno Sconosciuto
*Portugal: Chamada De Um Estranho
*Brazil: Quando Um Estranho Chama
*Serbia: Kad stranac pozove
*Poland: Kiedy dzwoni nieznajomy
*Vietnam: Khi người lạ gọi điện

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://sonypictures.com/movies/whenastrangercalls/site/ Official site]
*[http://au.rottentomatoes.com/search/full_search.php?search=when+a+stranger+calls ''When a Stranger Calls''] at Rotten Tomatoes
*{{imdb title|id=0455857|title=When a Stranger Calls}}
*[http://www.countingdown.com/movies/3730291 ''When a Stranger Calls''] at CountingDown.com
*{{snopes | link =http://www.snopes.com/horrors/madmen/babysit.htm | title = The Babysitter and the Man Upstairs }}
*[http://www.xdafied.com.au/movies/reviews/10.html ''Film Review''] Xdafied.com.au

{{Box Office Leaders USA
| before = [[Big Momma's House 2]]
| date = February 5
| year = 2006
| after = [[The Pink Panther (2006 film)|The Pink Panther]]
}}

[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Film remakes]]
[[Category:2000s horror films]]
[[Category:Teen films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Films based on urban legends]]
[[Category:When a Stranger Calls]]
[[Category:Films shot in Super 35]]
[[Category:Screen Gems films]]
[[Category:When a Stranger Calls (film series)]]

[[de:Unbekannter Anrufer]]
[[it:Chiamata da uno sconosciuto (film 2006)]]
[[he:כשזר מתקשר]]
[[pl:Kiedy dzwoni nieznajomy]]
[[pt:When a Stranger Calls (2006)]]
[[ru:Когда звонит незнакомец (фильм, 2006)]]
[[fi:Kun tuntematon soittaa]]

Los Osos, California

2008-07-31T05:58:04Z

24.5.188.87: Fix vandalism.

'''Los Osos''' is an [[unincorporated community]] located in western [[San Luis Obispo County, California]]. The community is combined with ''Baywood Park'' to form the [[Census Designated Place]] of [[Baywood-Los Osos, California|Baywood-Los Osos]]. In the 2000 census, the population estimate for the community was 14,351, although current town border signs read 14,377 occupants. The community is served by the '''93402''' and '''93412''' [[ZIP Code|Zip Codes]] and [[area code 805]].

== Geography ==
[[Image:CAMap-doton-MorroBay.PNG|right|Location of Los Osos, California]]
Los Osos is located at 35°19'0" North, 120°50'8" West (35.316795, -120.835605).{{GR|1}}

==Description==
*Los Osos is essentially a picturesque [[bedroom community]] for [[San Luis Obispo, California|San Luis Obispo]], which is about ten miles south-southeast, and to a lesser extent, [[Morro Bay, California|Morro Bay]], which is a couple of miles to the north. There is a small [[business district]] concentrated in just a few blocks along Los Osos Valley Road. Except for another few shops near the [[bay]], the rest of the town is almost entirely residential. Los Osos has two major [[grocery store]]s, a [[post office]], Los Osos Rexall Drug and Gift Store, Carlock's Bakery, several [[bank]]s, a [[hardware store]], two [[gas station]]s and various restaurants and other businesses. The town has a [[golf course]] as well. The locals frequent what is often called the area's best burger restaurant, Sylvester's Hamburgers and O'Steeni's Italian Food for great take out. La Casitas and Papillon restaurants offer great dinner spots. For other needs, residents must travel to Morro Bay or San Luis Obispo.

Los Osos has three public schools; Baywood Elementary, Monarch Grove Elementary, and Los Osos Middle School. To go to high school, Los Osos students must go to [[Morro Bay High School]] (12 miles away) or San Luis Obispo High School (23 miles away).

There are only two roads in or out of Los Osos, South Bay Boulevard, which leads to Morro Bay via [[California State Route 1|Highway 1]], and Los Osos Valley Road, which goes to San Luis Obispo. Highway 1 can also be taken too. Inclement [[weather]] and road construction occasionally forces the closure of one, or rarely both routes. Depending on one's destination, this requires a substantial detour. However, this has been much less frequent since the Chorro Bridge replaced the Twin Bridges on South Bay Boulevard.

Los Osos serves as the entrance to the beautiful [[Montaña de Oro State Park]]. Los Osos Valley Road reaches the coast at the south end of [[Estero Bay (California)|Estero Bay]] and continues south into the state park. Large, non-native groves of [[eucalyptus]] trees attract the annually migrating [[Monarch butterfly|Monarch butterflies]]. [[Morro Bay State Park]] borders the northeast of the town. South Bay Boulevard travels through the middle of the park after it leaves Los Osos.

Los Osos' proximity to the [[Diablo Canyon Power Plant]] means that warning [[siren]]s are located throughout the town so that the residents will be able to evacuate if the [[power plant]] should suffer a [[meltdown]] or other [[Nuclear safety|adverse event]]. The sirens are also found in other cities nearby, including [[Morro Bay, California|Morro Bay]], [[San Luis Obispo, California|San Luis Obispo]] and [[Avila Beach, California|Avila Beach]]. Except for yearly tests, the sirens go largely unnoticed.

==Prehistory==
[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[Chumash]] were the first inhabitants of the local area. These peoples relied partially on the harvesting of fish and [[shellfish]] (e.g. ''[[Macoma nasuta]]'') from [[Morro Bay]]. There is a large Chumash [[archaeological]] site on a stabilized [[sand dune]] in Los Osos dating to at least as early as 800 to 1200 [[AD]].<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18353 C. Michael Hogan, ''Los Osos Back Bay'', Megalithic Portal, editor A. Burnham]</ref> [[Cabrillo]] first encountered the Chumash in the year [[1542]].<ref>[http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/research/divisions/sd/communityprofiles/California/Los_Osos_CA.pdf Los Osos history profile]</ref>

==Sewer Controversy==
The community is divided over the issue of where a [[sewer]] should be built. The cost of the sewer is well over $150 million and many are worried they will have to move because they cannot afford a potential $200- to $300-dollars-a-month sewer bill. There has been a building moratorium for decades because the town's [[septic tank]]s are too numerous and concentrated to dissipate [[nitrate]]s, which are not broken down by septic tanks. Nitrate levels are regulated by federal and state environmental agencies because of the pollutant's health hazards. The Los Osos Community Services District is the agency in charge of building the sewer. It also provides for the town's [[drinking water]], drainage, [[park]]s, [[recreation]], and [[street light]]ing. [[Fire department|Fire]] and rescue services, and trash services are franchised to outside companies. The CSD was formed after citizens balked at the cost of the county's proposed sewer. However, the price of the current plan has ballooned as a project is repeatedly delayed.

There is also a controversy about where the sewer should be built. A location in the center of Los Osos (also known as the Tri-W site after the name of the property) was chosen, partly because of a desire for an additional park. Despite critic's claims, the County, water board and Coastal Commission all approved a sewer at the Tri-W site.

In August 2005, the CSD began building a sewer at the Tri-W site, contractors began work on the project and were advanced payments from State Revolving Fund loan. Following a recall election which replaced the majority of the CSD board and enacted an initiative measure that would require relocation of the project, the new board stopped building the sewer, despite a letter warning them of severe consequences from the Regional Water Quality Control Board. Due to the action of the new CSD board, the costs of the sewer project were greatly increased.
In October 2005, the CSD defaulted on a low interest State Revolving Fund loan and the state subsequently refused to disburse additional funds and demanded immediate repayment. Project contractors filed suit for more than $23 million in lost profits and costs. State and regional water boards have used their regulatory power to impose fines against the district in the amount of $6.6 million for water pollution resulting from septic tank discharge of more than 1 million gallons per day. During February 2006 the Regional Water Quality Control Board, a state agency, threatened it would begin to issue cease and desist orders to citizens of Los Osos, and may require recipients to pump their septic systems every three years, and to stop using them by 2011.

On August 25, 2006, the district filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection in federal court. While the district had enough money to cover day to day needs, they did not have enough money to cover their legal fees and consultant fees. This action stays the legal actions against the district related to money owed. Contractor lawsuits and other actions seeking monetary damages or claims against the district will be held in abeyance while the district addresses its financial situation.

Additionally, legislation has been approved by the California legislature that would return control of construction of the wastewater treatment facility to the County of San Luis Obispo. The bill, AB 2701, was signed by the governor and went into effect January 1, 2007.

==Origin of Name==

In 1769, Gaspar de Portola's expedition found large numbers of [[Grizzly Bear]]s in the valley near modern Los Osos. "Osos" being the Spanish word for "Bears", the town was so named. The expedition was part of a plan by Spain to further colonize and map [[Alta California]] due to increasing colonization by the English on the East Coast of North America and the burgeoning presence of Russian traders on the West Coast. (See: [[Fort Ross]], [[Russian-American Company]].) de Portola's expedition was only one of four mandated by Spanish Visitor General, [[José de Gálvez]] to map and explore Alta California in greater depth, following up on the previous expeditions most notably the [[Cabrillo]] party in 1542 and that of [[Sebastián Vizcaíno]], who vaguely mapped and described the Monterey Bay in 1602-3.

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|35.3225|-120.8313}}
*[http://www.rockofthecoast.com The ROCK]
*[http://censtats.census.gov/data/CA/1600604541.pdf 2000 Census profile for Los Osos]
*[http://loviews.blogspot.com/2006/05/approved.html Human Liquid Waste Sequestering System Approved]

{{San Luis Obispo County, California}}

los osos

[[Category:Coastal towns in California]]
[[Category:Unincorporated communities in California]]
[[Category:San Luis Obispo County, California]]

[[vo:Los Osos]]

York Factory First Nation

2008-07-22T00:01:11Z

24.5.188.87: /* References */ Fix typo

'''York Landing, Manitoba''' is a community in [[Manitoba]], [[Canada]]. It is located along the eastern bank of the [[Nelson River]], roughly half-way between [[Lake Winnipeg]] and [[Hudson Bay]], and it is located 116 kilometers from [[Thompson, Manitoba]]. The community has a population of 464 and it consists of 118 dwellings.<ref>[http://broadband.gc.ca/demographic_servlet/community_demographics/6292 Broadband.gc.ca Community Demographics: York Landing, MB] referenced on Aug. 17, 2007</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Manitoba}}

{{coor title d|56.0929|N|96.10571|W}}

[[Category:Settlements in Manitoba]]

{{manitoba-geo-stub}}

Comendador, Dominican Republic

2008-07-21T23:52:12Z

24.5.188.87: Trivia: replaced erroneous "O" in latitude with "W"

{| class="toccolours" style="float:right; width:300px; margin-left: 1em;"
|-
! style="background: #8db6cd; padding: 4px; font-size: 140%" colspan="2" | Comendador
|-
| '''[[Dominican Republic]]'''
| [[Image: Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|20px|Flag of the Dominican Republic]] [[Dominican Republic]]
|-
|* [[Province]]
| [[Elías Piña Province|Elías Piña]]
|-
| '''Coordinates'''
| {{coor dm|19|00|N|71|35|W}}
|-
|* [[Altitude]]
|
n.a.
|-
|* Distance
| 255 [[Kilometre|km]] to [[Santo Domingo]]
|-
| '''[[Area]]'''
| n.a.
|-
| '''Population''' ([[2002]])
| 25,475 hab. ([[2002]])<ref name="censo">Censo 2002 de Población y Vivienda, [http://one.gob.do/ Oficina Nacional de Estadistica]</ref>
|-
|* [[Population density]]
| -
|}
'''Comendador''' is the capital of the [[Elías Piña Province|Elías Piña]] province of the [[Dominican Republic]]. It has a border crossing to the [[Haiti|Haitian]] town [[Belladère]].

==Population==
The municipality had, in [[2002]], a total population of 25,475: 12,574 men and 12,901 women. The urban population was 44.71% of the total population.<ref name="censo" /> In this numbers are included the population of the [[Municipalities of the Dominican Republic|municipal district]] [[Sabana Larga, Elías Piña, Dominican Republic|Sabana Larga]].

==History==
The city was named after its founder, the "Comendador of Lares" (''Comendador'' was the chief of a [[military]] or [[religious]] [[order]]) but on [[29 november]], [[1930]] it was changed to Elías Piña. By the Law 342 of [[29 May]], [[1972]] the city was named again ''Comendador''.

==Economy==
The main economic activity of the municipality is [[agriculture]]. [[Commerce]] with Haiti is also an important economic activity.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Provincial capitals of the Dominican Republic}}
{{DominicanRepublic-geo-stub}}

{{coor title dm|18|53|N|71|42|W|region:DO_type:city}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in the Dominican Republic]]

[[es:Comendador (Elías Piña)]]
[[fr:Comendador]]
[[nl:Comendador]]
[[simple:Comendador, Elías Piña]]
[[sv:Comendador]]

Christmas Hills, Victoria

2008-07-21T23:44:20Z

24.5.188.87: /* Rob Roy */ Trivial: Changed erroneous 'S' to 'E' for longitude.

{{Infobox Australian Place | type = suburb
| name = Christmas Hills
| city = Melbourne
| state = vic
| image =
| caption =
| lga = Shire of Nillumbik
| postcode = 3775
| pop = 566 (2006) <ref name="abs">{{Census 2006 AUS | id = SSC25343 | name = Christmas Hills (State Suburb) | accessdate = 2007-09-25 | quick = on}}</ref>
| est = 1884
| elevation= 152
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Yan Yean|Yan Yean]]
| fedgov = [[Division of McEwen|McEwen]]
| dist1 = 44
| location1= [[Melbourne]]
| near-nw = [[Smiths Gully, Victoria|Smiths Gully]]
| near-n = [[Smiths Gully, Victoria|Smiths Gully]]
| near-ne = [[Saint Andrews, Victoria|St Andrews]]
| near-w = [[Panton Hill, Victoria|Panton Hill]]
| near-e = [[Yarra Glen, Victoria|Yarra Glen]]
| near-sw = [[Kangaroo Ground, Victoria|Kangaroo Ground]]
| near-s = [[Bend of Islands, Victoria|Bend of Islands]]
| near-se = [[Yering, Victoria|Yering]]
}}

'''Christmas Hills''' is a large locality north-east of [[Melbourne]], the capital city of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]], and is located between [[Kangaroo Ground, Victoria|Kangaroo Ground]] and [[Yarra Glen, Victoria|Yarra Glen]] along Eltham-Yarra Glen Road (''State Route C726'') north of the [[Yarra River]] in the [[Dandenong Ranges]]. Its Local Government Area is the [[Shire of Nillumbik]]. In 1904, the Australian Handbook described Christmas Hills as "an excellent health resort".

The locality is very hilly, with One Tree Hill in the northwest rising to 372 m above sea level, and is home to several reserves including One Tree Hill Reserve and Sugarloaf Reservoir Park, opened in 1980 and managed by Melbourne Water.

==History==
Christmas Hills owes its name to an emancipated convict and shepherd, David Christmas, who became lost on a 640 [[acre]] grazing lease in the area in 1842, and was found after days of wandering at a rise which was subsequently named after him. The area was considered to have poor quality soil, although nearby settlers earned an income from chopping firewood in the [[sclerophyll]] forests.

Gold was discovered at One Tree Hill in 1859, fuelling a brief goldrush. Quartz reef operations ended in 1864, and alluvial mining continued until 1908.

The area grew considerably in the 1870s - at one point the town had two hotels, two schools, a post office and a Mechanics' Institute.<ref>{{cite book|author=Eltham District Historical Society Inc|title=A Chronology of Known Local Events 1835-2000|url=http://www.yprl.vic.gov.au/community/ChronologyEltham_2000.htm|edition=2|id=ISBN 0-9577198-1-7|accessdate=2006-11-25}}</ref> In 1884, a primary school was built, and by 1912, when the railway from [[Heidelberg, Victoria|Heidelberg]] to [[Hurstbridge, Victoria|Hurstbridge]] was built, the area had a population of 146 and had become a tourist destination, popular with Melburnians seeking "clean air and an invigorating climate".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/Page/Page.asp?Page_Id=384&h=1|title=Areas and townships - Christmas Hills|author=Shire of Nillumbik|accessdate=2006-11-25}}</ref>

In 1893, [[Black Friday (1939)|1939]] and 1962, the area suffered from destructive [[bushfire]]s.

==Present day==
Christmas Hills today is a large area encompassing several districts.

===Christmas Hills township===
The Christmas Hills township consists of a cluster of homes, a public hall, a tennis court, a memorial park with [[World War I]] monument and a [[Country Fire Authority|fire brigade shed]], erected after the 1939 bushfires. About 1 km to the west is Christmas Hills Primary School, first established in 1884, with a current enrolment of 22 students.<ref>[http://www.education.vic.gov.au/schoolsonline/Details.asp?LocationID=01136201 Schools Online listing], Department of Education (Victoria). Accessed [[25 November]] [[2006]].</ref>

===Rob Roy===
''Rob Roy'' ({{coor dms|37|38|56|S|145|17|10|E|region:AU-VIC}}) in the western part is used for a range of hill racing events by the MG Car Club of Victoria<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mgcc.com.au/calendar/calendar.asp#NOW|title=MG Events Calendar|author=MG Car Club Victoria|accessdate=2006-11-25}}</ref>. It was first established in 1937 by motoring enthusiasts and the Light Car Club for hill-racing motorbikes and cars and was utilised as a venue well into the postwar years. It was burnt out in 1962, but the track was later bitumenised.

===Watsons Creek===
Further west along Eltham-Yarra Glen Road is ''Watsons Creek'' ({{coor dms|37|40|12|S|145|15|21|E|region:AU-VIC}}), which was named after Sandy Watson, who farmed fat cattle and sold butter and meat to the miners on the One Tree Hill, Happy Valley and Queenstown diggings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/Page/Page.asp?Page_Id=398&h=0|title=Areas and townships - Watsons Creek|author=Shire of Nillumbik|accessdate=2006-11-25}}</ref> The Watsons Creek Antiques and Cafe is the primary business in the area, specialising in Edwardian and Victorian furniture and china, and also offering [[bed and breakfast|B&B]]-style accommodation.<ref>[http://www.watsonscreekantiques.com.au/ Watsons Creek Antiques and Cafe] (business page)</ref>

===One Tree Hill===
''One Tree Hill'' ({{coor dms|37|37|59|S|145|18|36|S|region:AU-VIC}}), a former mining area in northwestern Christmas Hills, is now a 143 [[hectare]] reserve managed by Parks Victoria. Its main features are Happy Valley Creek, which runs through the reserve, and the 372 m One Tree Hill in the northeast. According to the Land Conservation Council of Victoria<ref>{{cite book|author=Land Conservation Council|title=Melbourne area, district 2 review : final recommendations|year=1997|origyear=1994|page=129|url=http://www.veac.vic.gov.au/lcc/melbdist2part1.pdf}} Available at Redmond Barry Reading Room, State Library of Victoria.</ref>, it has been assessed as "being of State botanical significance for its ecological integrity and viability, rarity and representation of community types", and is home to 22 species assessed as regionally threatened, rare or restricted in the greater Melbourne area, including roosting colonies of [http://www.amonline.net.au/bats/records/bat48.htm Large Bent-wing Bat] and [http://www.amonline.net.au/bats/records/bat15.htm Eastern Horseshoe Bat], and the [[Powerful Owl]], Brush-tailed [[Phascogale]] and [[Barking Owl]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Beardsall|first=Campbell|title= Sites of faunal and habitat significance in North East Melbourne|publisher=Nillumbik Shire Council|location=[[Greensborough, Victoria|Greensborough, VIC]]}} (131 pages) Available at State Library of Victoria.</ref>. The LCC reports that 79 bird, 24 mammal, 7 reptile and 7 frog species have been recorded in the reserve.

===Sugarloaf Reservoir===
[[Image:Sugarloaf Reservoir.jpg|thumb|250px|Sugarloaf Reservoir at just under half capacity]]
''Sugarloaf Reservoir'' ({{coor dms|37|40|30|S|145|17|33|E|region:AU-VIC}}) is a 440-[[hectare]] reservoir which has a total water capacity of 96,000 [[megalitre]]s, and was developed in the late 1970s and completed in 1981. It is managed by Melbourne Water and supplies scheme water to Melbourne's northern, western and inner suburbs<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.melbournewater.com.au/content/library/publications/fact_sheets/water/sugarloaf_reservoir.pdf|title=Essential Facts - Sugarloaf Reservoir|author=Melbourne Water|month=September|year=2005|accessdate=2006-11-26}}</ref>. Sugarloaf is fed by the Maroondah Aqueduct and the Yarra River, and before entering the domestic water supply, water is treated at the Winneke Water Treatment Plant on the south bank of the reservoir to [[World Health Organisation]] guidelines. The main dam is 89 m high and 1,050 m long.

Around the reservoir is the ''Sugarloaf Reservoir Park'', which opened in 1982 and is managed by Parks Victoria. The park's entrance, open during most daylight hours, is 1.2 km off Eltham-Yarra Glen Road, and barbecue and picnic facilities are available at Saddle Dam south-east of the dam wall (Ridge Park was closed for works in June 2006), and several walking trails can be used with permission of Parks Victoria. Watercraft are only permitted to launch from the [http://home.vicnet.net.au/~slsail/ Sugarloaf Sailing Club] on the north bank, and sail boards, keel boats and/or craft with cabins, cooking or toilet facilities are not permitted on the Reservoir.<ref>[http://home.vicnet.net.au/~slsail/ Sugarloaf Sailing Club]</ref> The area is home to [[Eastern Grey Kangaroo]]s, [[echidna]]s, [[Wedge-tailed Eagle]]s, [[Crimson Rosella]]s and other wildlife. Vegetation ranges from grassland, having been cleared for agriculture in the decades prior to the reservoir's construction, to dry forest.

==Transport==
Christmas Hills is not accessible by Melbourne public transport.

==References==
<div class="references-small"><references /></div>

==External links==
{{Mapit-AUS-suburbscale|lat=-37.6515|long=145.3173}}
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20041010002030/www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/multimedia/gazetteer/list/christmas.html Australian Places - Christmas Hills]
* [http://www.parkweb.vic.gov.au/1park_display.cfm?park=191 Sugarloaf Reservoir Park] (Parks Victoria)

{{Shire of Nillumbik suburbs}}

Altoona, Alabama

2008-07-21T23:39:20Z

24.5.188.87: /* Geography */ Trivial: Missing 'W' in coor template. Also removed unsupported 'city' tag. Use coord template with type: for this.

{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = Town of Altoona
|native_name =
|settlement_type = [[Town]]
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Etowah_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Altoona_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Altoona in Alabama
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Alabama]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Alabama|Counties]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Etowah County, Alabama|Etowah]], [[Blount County, Alabama|Blount]]
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 = 
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
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|established_date = 1908
|established_title2 = 
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|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 9.9
|area_total_sq_mi = 3.81
|area_land_km2 = 9.9
|area_land_sq_mi = 3.80
|area_water_km2 = 0
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.1
|area_water_percent =
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|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
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|population_as_of = [[2000]]
|population_note =
|population_total = 984
|population_density_km2 = 99.9
|population_density_sq_mi = 258.7
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
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|timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|latd = 31 |latm = 33 |lats = 59 |latNS = N
|longd = 81 |longm = 15 |longs = 5 |longEW = W
|elevation_m = 291
|elevation_ft = 955
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 35952
|website =
|area_code = [[Area code 205|205]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 01-01660
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0113054
|footnotes =
}}
'''Altoona''' is a town in [[Blount County, Alabama|Blount]] and [[Etowah County, Alabama|Etowah]] Counties in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Alabama]]. It is part of the '[[Gadsden, Alabama]] [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]]'. At the 2000 census the population was 984. According to the 2005 [[U.S. Census]] estimates, the town had a population of 970. [http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2005-all.csv]

==Geography==
Altoona is located at {{coor dms|34|1|45|N|86|19|14|W}} (34.029259, -86.320687){{GR|1}}.

According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 3.8 [[square mile]]s (9.9 [[km²]]), of which, 3.8 square miles (9.8 km²) of it is land and 0.26% is water.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 984 people, 397 households, and 271 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was 258.7 people per square mile (100.0/km²). There were 437 housing units at an average density of 114.9/sq mi (44.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.43% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 2.54% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.10% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.91% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.02% from two or more races. 2.54% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 397 households out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the town the population was spread out with 25.5% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 78.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $20,469, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $30,250 versus $22,344 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $11,168. About 21.8% of families and 27.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 39.3% of those under age 18 and 16.3% of those age 65 or over.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|34.029259|-86.320687}}

{{Blount County, Alabama}}
{{Etowah County, Alabama}}

[[Category:Blount County, Alabama]]
[[Category:Etowah County, Alabama]]
[[Category:Towns in Alabama]]

[[de:Altoona (Alabama)]]
[[io:Altoona, Alabama]]
[[it:Altoona (Alabama)]]
[[ht:Altoona (Alabama)]]
[[nl:Altoona (Alabama)]]
[[pt:Altoona (Alabama)]]
[[vo:Altoona (Alabama)]]

Loran-C

2008-07-21T23:35:30Z

24.5.188.87: Trivial: Longitude had a trailing "F" that should have been "E" for East.

'''LORAN''' ('''LO'''ng '''RA'''nge '''N'''avigation) is a terrestrial [[radio navigation]] system using [[low frequency]] [[radio transmitters]] that uses multiple transmitters ([[multilateration]]) to determine [[location]] and/or speed of the receiver. The current version of LORAN in common use is LORAN-C, which operates in the low frequency portion of the EM spectrum from 90 to 110 [[Hertz|kHz]]. Many nations are users of the system, including the [[United States]], [[Japan]], and several European countries. Russia uses a nearly identical system in the same frequency range, called [[CHAYKA]]. LORAN use is in steep decline, with [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] being the primary replacement. However, there are current attempts to enhance and re-popularize LORAN, mainly because it has proven to be a very reliable and simple system.

==History==

LORAN was an American development of the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[GEE (navigation)|GEE]] [[radio navigation]] system (used during [[World War II]]). While GEE had a range of about 400 [[mile]]s (644 [[kilometre|km]]), early LORAN systems had a range of 1,200 miles (1,930 km). LORAN systems were built during World War II and were used extensively by the [[US Navy]] and [[Royal Navy]]. The RAF also used LORAN on raids beyond the range of GEE.<ref>Hecks, Karl. (1990) ''Bombing 1939-1945: the air offensive against land targets in World War Two.'' Robert Hale Ltd., London. ISBN 0-7090-4020-2. p.219</ref> It was originally known as "LRN" for ''Loomis radio navigation'', after millionaire and physicist [[Alfred Lee Loomis]], who invented LORAN and played a crucial role in military research and development during WWII

==Principle==

[[Image:Crude loran diagram.PNG|thumb|right|A crude diagram of the LORAN principle. The difference between the time of receipt of synchronized signals from radio stations A and B is constant along each hyperbolic curve.]]

The [[Multilateration|navigational method]] provided by LORAN is based on the principle of the time difference between the receipt of [[Signal (information theory)|signals]] from a pair of [[radio]] transmitters. A given constant time difference between the signals from the two stations can be represented by a [[hyperbola|hyperbolic]] [[line of position]] (LOP). If the positions of the two synchronized stations are known, then the position of the [[receiver (radio)|receiver]] can be determined as being somewhere on a particular hyperbolic curve where the time difference between the received signals is constant. (In ideal conditions, this is proportionally equivalent to the difference of the [[Great-circle distance|distances]] from the receiver to each of the two stations.)

By itself, with only two stations, the [[2-dimensional]] position of the receiver cannot be [[fix (position)|fix]]ed. A second application of the same principle must be used, based on the time difference of a different pair of stations. By determining the intersection of the two hyperbolic [[curve]]s identified by the application of this method, a geographic fix can be determined.

==LORAN method==
[[Image:Loran_pulse.svg|thumb|LORAN pulse]]
In the case of LORAN, one station remains constant in each application of the principle, the ''master'', being paired up separately with two other ''slave'', or ''secondary'', stations. Given two secondary stations, the time difference (TD) between the master and first secondary identifies one curve, and the time difference between the master and second secondary identifies another curve, the intersections of which will determine a [[geographic]] point in relation to the position of the three stations. These curves are often referred to as "TD lines."

In practice, LORAN is implemented in integrated regional [[array]]s, or ''chains'', consisting of one master station and at least two (but often more) secondary stations, with a uniform "group repetition interval" (GRI) defined in [[microsecond]]s. The master station transmits a series of pulses, then pauses for that amount of time before transmitting the next set of pulses.

The secondary stations receive this pulse signal from the master, then wait a preset amount of [[millisecond]]s, known as the ''secondary coding [[delay]]'', to transmit a response signal. In a given chain, each secondary's coding delay is different, allowing for separate identification of each secondary's signal (though in practice, modern LORAN receivers do not rely on this for secondary identification).

===LORAN chains (GRIs)===
[[Image:LORAN Station Malone-Outside-Large.jpg|thumb|right|LORAN Station Malone, [[Malone, Florida]] Great Lakes chain (GRI 8970) / Southeast U.S. chain (GRI 7980)]]
Every LORAN chain in the world uses a unique Group Repetition Interval, the number of which, when multiplied by ten, gives how many microseconds pass between pulses from a given station in the chain (in practice, the GRI delays in many, but not all, chains are multiples of 100 microseconds). LORAN chains are often referred to by this designation, e.g. GRI 9960, the designation for the LORAN chain serving the Northeast [[United States|U.S.]]

Due to the nature of hyperbolic curves, it is possible for a particular combination of a master and two slave stations to result in a "grid" where the [[Coordinate axis|axes]] intersect at [[Angle#Types of angle|acute angles]]. For ideal positional accuracy, it is desirable to operate on a navigational grid where the axes are as [[Cartesian coordinate system|orthogonal]] as possible -- i.e., the axes are at [[right angle]]s to each other. As the receiver travels through a chain, a certain selection of secondaries whose TD lines initially formed a near-orthogonal grid can become a grid that is significantly skewed. As a result, the selection of one or both secondaries should be changed so that the TD lines of the new combination are closer to right angles. To allow this, nearly all chains provide at least three, and as many as five, secondaries.

==LORAN charts==

[[Image:New York Harbor Nautical Chart.jpg|thumb|200px|left|This nautical chart of [[New York]] Harbor includes LORAN-A TD lines. Note that the printed lines do not extend into inland waterway areas.]]
Where available, common marine navigational charts include visible representations of TD lines at regular intervals over water areas. The TD lines representing a given master-slave pairing are printed with distinct colors, and include an indication of the specific time difference indicated by each line.

Due to interference and propagation issues suffered by low-frequency signals from land features and man-made structures the accuracy of the LORAN signal is degraded considerably in inland areas. (See ''Limitations''.) As a result, nautical charts will not print any TD lines in those areas, to prevent reliance on LORAN for navigation in such areas.

Traditional LORAN receivers generally display the time difference between each pairing of the master and one of the two selected secondary stations. These numbers can then be found in relation to those of the TD lines printed on the chart.

Modern LORAN receivers display latitude and longitude instead of time differences, and with improved accuracy.

==Transmitters and antennas==
[[Image:LORAN Station Malone-Transmitter Middle-Large.jpg|thumb|right|LORAN transmitter bank]]
LORAN-C transmitters operate at peak powers of 100 kilowatts to four megawatts, comparable to [[longwave]] broadcasting stations. Most LORAN-C transmitters use mast radiators insulated from ground with heights between 190 and 220 metres. The masts are inductively lengthened and fed by a [[loading coil]] (see: [[electrical lengthening]]). A well known-example of a station using such an antenna is [[LORAN-C transmitter Rantum]].

Free-standing [[mast radiator|tower radiator]]s in this height range are also used. [[LORAN-C transmitter Carolina Beach]] uses a free-standing antenna tower.

[[Image:LORAN Station Malone-Cesiums-Large.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Caesium atomic clocks used for LORAN signal synchronization]]
LORAN-C transmitters with output powers of 1000 kW and higher sometimes use [[supertall]] mast radiators (see below).

Other high power LORAN-C stations, like [[LORAN-C transmitter George]], use four T-antennas mounted on four guyed masts arranged in a square.

All LORAN-C antennas radiate an omnidirectional pattern. Unlike longwave broadcasting stations, LORAN-C stations cannot use backup antennas. The slightly different physical location of a backup antenna would produce Lines of Position different from those of the primary antenna.

==Limitations==

LORAN suffers from electronic effects of weather and the ionospheric effects of sunrise and sunset. The most accurate signal is the [[groundwave]] that follows the Earth's surface, ideally over seawater. At night the indirect [[skywave]], bent back to the surface by the [[ionosphere]], is a problem as [[multipath interference|multiple signals]] may arrive via different paths. The ionosphere's reaction to sunrise and sunset accounts for the particular disturbance during those periods. [[Magnetic storm]]s have serious effects as with any radio based system.

Loran uses ground based transmitters that only cover certain regions. Coverage is quite good in North America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim.

The absolute accuracy of Loran-C varies from 0.1 to 0.25 [[nautical mile]]s. Repeatable accuracy is much greater, typically from 60 to 300 feet.<ref>COMDTPUB P16562.6, "Loran-C Users Handbook," 1992</ref>

== LORAN-A and other systems==

LORAN-A was a less accurate system operating in the upper mediumwave frequency band prior to deployment of the more accurate LORAN-C system. For LORAN-A the transmission frequencies 1750 kHz, 1850 kHz, 1900 kHz and 1950 kHz were used. LORAN-A continued in operation partly due to the economy of the receivers and widespread use in civilian recreational and commercial navigation. LORAN-B was a phase comparison variation of LORAN-A while LORAN-D was a short-range tactical system designed for [[United States Air Force|USAF]] bombers. The unofficial "LORAN-F" was a drone control system. None of these went much beyond the experimental stage. An external link to them is listed below.

LORAN-A was used in the [[Vietnam War]] for navigation by large United States aircraft (C-124, C-130, C-97, C-123, HU-16, etc). A common airborne receiver of that era was the R-65/APN-9 which combined the receiver and [[cathode ray tube]] (CRT) indicator into a single relatively lightweight unit replacing the two larger, separate receiver and indicator units which comprised the predecessor APN-4 system. The APN-9 and APN-4 systems found wide post-[[World War II]] use on fishing vessels in the U.S. They were cheap, accurate and plentiful. The main drawback for use on boats was their need for aircraft power, 115 [[Volts|VAC]] at 400 [[Hertz|Hz]]. This was solved initially by the use of rotary inverters, typically 28 [[Volts|VDC]] input and 115 VAC output at 400 Hz. The inverters were big and loud and were power hogs. In the 1960s, several firms such as Topaz and Linear Systems marketed [[solid state]] inverters specifically designed for these surplus LORAN-A sets. The availability of solid state inverters that used 12 VDC input opened up the surplus LORAN-A sets for use on much smaller vessels which typically did not have the 24-28 VDC systems found on larger vessels. The solid state inverters were very power efficient and widely replaced the more trouble prone rotary inverters.

LORAN-A saved many lives by allowing offshore boats in distress to give accurate position reports. It also guided many boats whose owners could not afford radar safely into fog bound harbors or around treacherous offshore reefs. The low price of surplus LORAN-A receivers (often under $150) meant that owners of many small fishing vessels could afford this equipment, thus greatly enhancing safety. Surplus LORAN-A equipment, which was common on commercial fishing boats, was rarely seen on yachts. The unrefined cosmetic appearance of the surplus equipment was probably a deciding factor.

[[Pan American World Airways]] used APN 9s in early Boeing 707 operations. The World War II surplus APN-9 looked out of place in the modern 707 cockpit, but was needed. There is an R65A APN-9 set displayed in the museum at SFO Airport, painted gold. It was a retirement present to an ex Pan Am captain.

An elusive final variant of the APN 9 set was the APN 9A. A USAF technical manual (with photographs and schematics) shows that it had the same case as the APN-9 but a radically different front panel and internal circuitry on the non-RF portions. The APN-9A had vacuum tube [[Flip-flop (electronics)|flipflop]] digital divider circuits so that TDs (time delays) between the master and slave signal could be selected on front panel rotary decade switches. The older APN-9 set required the user to perform a visual count of crystal oscillator timing marker pips on the CRT and add them up to get a TD. The APN 9A did not make it into widespread military use, if it was used at all, but it did exist and represented a big advance in military LORAN-A receiver technology.

In the 1970s one U.S. company, SRD Labs in [[Campbell, California]], made modern LORAN-A sets including one that was completely automatic with a digital TD readout on the CRT, and autotracking so that TDs were continuously updated. Other SRD models required the user to manually align the master and slave signals on the CRT and then a phase locked loop would keep them lined up and provide updated TD readouts thereafter. These SRD LORAN-A sets would track only one pair of stations, giving you just one LOP (line of position). If one wanted a continuously updated position (two TDs giving intersecting LOPs) rather than just a single LOP, one needed two sets.

Long after LORAN-A broadcasts were terminated, commercial fishermen still referred to old LORAN-A TDs, e.g., "I am on the 4100 [microsecond] line in 35 fathoms", referring to a position outside of [[Bodega Bay]]. Many LORAN-C sets incorporated LORAN A TD converters so that a LORAN-C set could be used to navigate to a LORAN-A TD defined line or position.

==LORAN Data Channel (LDC)==
LORAN Data Channel (LDC) is a project underway between the [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] and [[United States Coast Guard|USCG]] to send low bit rate data using the LORAN system. Messages to be sent include station identification, absolute time, and position correction messages. In 2001, data similar to [[Wide Area Augmentation System]] (WAAS) [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] correction messages were sent as part of a test of the Alaskan LORAN chain. As of November 2005, test messages using LDC were being broadcast from several U.S. LORAN stations.

In recent years, LORAN-C has been used in Europe to send differential GPS and other messages, employing a similar method of transmission known as EUROFIX.

==The future of LORAN==
[[Image:LoranCoverage.gif|thumb|right|Worldwide Loran coverage]]
As LORAN systems are government maintained and operated, their continued existence is subject to public policy. With the evolution of other electronic navigation systems, such as [[Global Navigation Satellite System]]s (GNSS), funding for existing systems is not always assured.

Critics, who have called for the elimination of the system, state that the Loran system has too few users, lacks cost-effectiveness, and that GNSS signals are superior to Loran.{{fact|date=August 2007}} Supporters of continued and improved Loran operation note that Loran uses a strong signal, which is difficult to jam, and that Loran is an independent, dissimilar, and complementary system to other forms of electronic navigation, which helps ensure availability of navigation signals.<ref>USCG Navigation Center's [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/eLORAN/overview.htm ENHANCED LORAN (eLORAN)] description</ref> <ref> MPs warned of GPS jamming risks [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7459213.stm ]</ref>

Recently both the US and European governments have announced political decisions to maintain and upgrade their Loran systems.

===eLORAN===
With the perceived vulnerability of GNSS systems, and their own propagation and reception limitations, renewed interest in LORAN applications and development has appeared. Enhanced LORAN, also known as '''eLORAN''' or '''E-LORAN''', comprises an advancement in receiver design and transmission characteristics which increase the accuracy and usefulness of traditional LORAN. With reported accuracy as high as 8 meters, the system becomes competitive with unenhanced GPS. eLoran also includes additional pulses which can transmit auxiliary data such as [[DGPS]] corrections. eLoran receivers now use "all in view" reception, incorporating signals from all stations in range, not solely those from a single GRI, incorporating time signals and other data from up to 40 stations. These enhancements in LORAN make it adequate as a substitute for scenarios where GPS is unavailable or degraded.

===United Kingdom eLORAN implementation===
On [[31 May]] [[2007]], the UK Department for Transport (DfT), via the [[General Lighthouse Authority|General Lighthouse Authorities]] (GLA), awarded a 15 year contract to provide a state-of-the-art enhanced LORAN (eLORAN) service to improve the safety of mariners in the UK and Western Europe. The service contract will operate in two phases, with development work and further focus for European agreement on eLORAN service provision from 2007 through 2010, and full operation of the eLORAN service from 2010 through 2022. The eLORAN transmitter is situated at [[Anthorn transmitting station]] Cumbria, UK, and operated by [[VT Communications]], which is part of the VT Group PLC.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = The GLAs award a 15-year eLoran contract to VT Communications
| work =
| publisher = [[Trinity House]]
| date = [[2007-05-31]]
| url = http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/media_centre/press_releases/press_release.html?id=15001
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-09}}
</ref>

==List of LORAN-C transmitters==
A list of LORAN-C transmitters. Stations with an antenna tower taller than 300 [[meter (unit of length)|metre]]s (984 [[Foot (unit of length)|feet]]) are shown in bold.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- {{highlight1}}
! Station !! Country !! Chain !! Remarks
|-
|Afif || Saudi-Arabia || Saudi Arabia South (GRI 7030)/Saudi Arabia North (GRI 8830) ||
|-
|Al Khamasin|| Saudi-Arabia || Saudi Arabia South (GRI 7030)/Saudi Arabia North (GRI 8830) ||
|-
|Al Muwassam|| Saudi-Arabia || Saudi Arabia South (GRI 7030)/Saudi Arabia North (GRI 8830) ||
|-
|'''[[Angissq LORAN-C transmitter|Angissq]]''' || Greenland || shutdown on December 31, 1994 || used until July 27, 1964 a 411.48 metre tower
|-
|[[Anthorn transmitting station|Anthorn]] || UK || Lessay (GRI 6731) || replacement for transmitter Rugby<ref>{{cite journal
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Electronic Position Fixing System
| journal = Admiralty Notices to Mariners
| volume =
| issue = 26/07
| pages =
| publisher = United Kingdom Hydrographic Office
| location =
| date = [[2007-06-28]]
| url = http://www.ukho.gov.uk/amd/wnm/2007/Week26_2846-2955/26wknm07.pdf
| doi =
| id =
| accessdate = 2008-01-19}}</ref>
|-
|Ash Shayk|| Saudi-Arabia || Saudi Arabia South (GRI 7030)/Saudi Arabia North (GRI 8830) ||
|-
|Attu, Alaska || United States || North Pacific (GRI 9990)/Russian-American (GRI 5980) || {{coor dms|52|49|44.134|N|173|10|49.528|E}}
|-
|Balasore|| India || Calcutta (GRI 5543) ||
|-
|Barrigada || Guam || shut-down ||
|-
||Baudette, Minnesota || United States || North Central U.S. (GRI 8290)/Great Lakes (GRI 8970) || {{coor dms|48|36|49.947|N|94|33|17.915|W}}
|-
|Berlevåg || Norway || Bø (GRI 7001) ||
|-
|Billamora|| India || Bombay (GRI 6042) ||
|-
|Boise City, Oklahoma || United States || Great Lakes (GRI 8970)/South Central U.S. (GRI 9610) || {{coor dms|36|30|21|N|102|53|59|W|}}
|-
|Bø|| Norway || Bø (GRI 7001)/Eiði (GRI 9007) ||
|-
|[[Cambridge Bay LORAN Tower|Cambridge Bay]] || Canada || shut-down || free-standing lattice tower, used as [[Non-directional beacon|NDB]]
|-
|'''[[Cape Race LORAN-C transmitter|Cape Race]]''' || Canada || Canadian East Coast (GRI 5930)/Newfoundland East Coast (GRI 7270) || used a 411.48 metre tall tower until February 2, 1993, uses now a 260.3 metre tall tower {{coor dms|46|46|32.286|N|53|10|27.606|W}}
|-
|Caribou, Maine || United States || Canadian East Coast (GRI 5930) / Northeast U.S. (GRI 9960) || {{coor dms|46|48|27|N|67|55|37|W|}}
|-
|Carolina Beach, North Carolina || United States || Northeast US (GRI 9960)/ Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) || {{coor dms|34|3|46|N|77|54|46|W|}}
|-
|Chongzuo|| China || China South Sea (GRI 6780)/ Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) || {{coor dms|22|32|35|N|107|13|22|E|}}
|-
|Comfort Cove || Canada || Newfoundland East Coast (GRI 7270) || {{coor dms|49|19|53.57|N|54|51|42.57|W}}
|-
|Dana, Indiana || United States || Great Lakes (GRI 8970)/ Northeast US (GRI 9960) || {{coor dms|39|51|07.658|N|87|29|11.586|W|}}
|-
|Dhrangadhra|| India || Bombay (GRI 6042) || {{coor dms|23|00|14|N|71|31|39|E|}}
|-
|Diamond Harbor|| India || Calcutta (GRI 5543) || {{coor dms|22|10|18|N|88|12|25|E|}}
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Ejde|Eiði]] || Faroe Islands || Ejde (GRI 9007) ||
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Estartit|Estartit]] || Spain || Mediterranean Sea (GRI 7990); shut down ||
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Fallon|Fallon]], Nevada || United States || U.S. West Coast (GRI 9940) || {{coor dms|39|33|06.740|N|118|49|55.816|W}}
|-
|Fox Harbour|| Canada || Newfoundland East Coast (GRI 7270)/ Canadian East Coast (GRI 5930) || {{coor dms|52|22|35.252|N|55|42|27.862|W}}
|-
|George, Washington || United States || Canadian West Coast (GRI 5990)/ U.S. West Coast (GRI 9940) || {{coor dms|47|03|48.096|N|119|44|38.976|W}}
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Gesashi|Gesashi]] || Japan || East Asia (GRI 9930)/ North West Pacific (GRI 8930) ||
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Gillette|Gillette]], Wyoming || United States || South Central U.S. (GRI 9610)/ North Central U.S. (GRI 8290) || {{coor dms|44|00|11.305|N|105|37|23.895|W}}
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Grangeville|Grangeville]], Louisiana || United States || South Central U.S. (GRI 9610)/ Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) || {{coor dms|30|43|33.149|N|090|49|43.046|W}}
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Havre|Havre]], Montana || United States || North Central U.S. (GRI 8290) || {{coor dms|48|44|38.589|N|109|58|53.613|W}}
|-
|'''[[Longwave radio mast Hellissandur|Hellissandur]]''' || Iceland || shut down on December 31, 1994 || 411.48 metre tall tower, now used for longwave broadcasting of [[RÚV]] on 189 kHz
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Helong|Helong]] || China || China North Sea (GRI 7430) ||
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Hexian|Hexian]] || China || China South Sea (GRI 6780) ||
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Jan Mayen|Jan Mayen]] || Norway || Bø (GRI 7001)/ Ejde (GRI 9007) ||
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Johnston Island|Johnston Island]] || United States || shut-down ||
|-
|'''[[Iwo Jima LORAN-C transmitter|Iwo Jima]]''' || Japan || shut down in September 1993, dismantled || used a 411.48 metre tall tower
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Jupiter|Jupiter]], Florida || United States || Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) || {{coor dms|27|01|58.528|N|080|06|52.875|W}}
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Kargaburan|Kargaburan]] || Turkey || Mediterranean Sea (GRI 7990); shut down ||
|-
|Kwang Ju|| South Korea || East Asia (GRI 9930) || {{coor dms|35|2|24|N|126|32|27|E|}}
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Lampedusa|Lampedusa]] || Italy || Mediterranean Sea (GRI 7990); shut down ||
|-
|Las Cruces, New Mexico || United States || South Central U.S. (GRI 9610) || {{coor dms|32|4|18|N|106|52|4|W|}}
|-
|Lessay|| France || Lessay (GRI 6731) / Sylt (GRI 7499) ||
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Loop Head|Loop Head]] || Ireland || was planned (GRI 6731 and 9007), but never operational ||
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Malone|Malone]], Florida || United States || Great Lakes (GRI 8970) / Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) || {{coor dms|30|59|38.870|N|085|10|08.751|W}}
|-
|'''[[Marcus Island LORAN-C transmitter|Minamitorishima]]''' || Japan || North West Pacific (GRI 8930) || used until 1985 a 411.48 metre tall tower
|-
|Nantucket, Massachusetts || United States || Canadian East Coast (GRI 5930) / Northeast U.S. (GRI 9960) ||{{coor dms|41|15|12|N|69|58|39|W|}}
|-
|Narrow Cape, Alaska|| United States || North Pacific (GRI 9990) / Gulf of Alaska (GRI 7960) || {{coor dms|57|26|20|N|152|22|11|W|}}
|-
|Niijima || Japan || North West Pacific (GRI 8930) / East Asia (GRI 9930) || {{coor dms|34|24|12|N|139|16|19|E|}}
|-
|Patpur|| India || Calcutta (GRI 5543) ||
|-
|Pohang|| South Korea || North West Pacific (GRI 8930) / East Asia (GRI 9930) || {{coor dms|36|11|5|N|129|20|27|E|}}
|-
|'''[[LORAN-C transmitter Port Clarence|Port Clarence]]''', Alaska|| United States || Gulf of Alaska (GRI 7960)/North Pacific (GRI 9990) || uses a 411.48 metre tall tower {{coor dms|65|14|40.372|N|166|53|11.996|W}}
|-
|Port Hardy || Canada || Canadian West Coast (GRI 5990) || {{coor dms|50|36|29.830|N|127|21|28.489|W}}
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Rantum|Rantum]] || Germany || Sylt (GRI 7499)/ Lessay (GRI 6731) ||
|-
|Raymondville, Texas || United States || South Central U.S. (GRI 9610)/ Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) || {{coor dms|26|31|55|N|97|50|0|W|}}
|-
|Raoping || China || China South Sea (GRI 6780)/ China East Sea (GRI 8930) || {{coor dms|23|43|26|N|116|53|45|E|}}
|-
|Rongcheng || China || China North Sea (GRI 7430)/ China East Sea (GRI 8930) || {{coor dms|37|3|52|N|122|19|26|E|}}
|-
|[[VLF transmitter Rugby|Rugby]] || UK || experimental (GRI 6731); shut down at the end of July 2007 ||
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Saint Paul|Saint Paul]], Alaska|| United States || North Pacific (GRI 9990) || {{coor dms|57|09|12.350|N|170|15|06.245|W}}
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Salwa|Salwa]] || Saudi Arabia || Saudi Arabia North (GRI 8830)/Saudi Arabia South (GRI 7030) ||
|-
|[[LORAN-C transmitter Searchlight|Searchlight]], Nevada || United States || U.S. West Coast (GRI 9940)/South Central U.S. (GRI 9610) || {{coor dms|35|19|18.305|N|114|48|16.881|W}}
|-
|Sellia Marina|| Italy || Mediterranean Sea (GRI 7990); shut down || {{coor dms|38|52|21|N|16|43|7|E|}}
|-
|Seneca, New York || United States || Great Lakes (GRI 8970)/Northeast U.S. (GRI 9960) || {{coor dms|42|42|51|N|76|49|33|W|}}
|-
|Shoal Cove, Alaska|| United States || Canadian West Coast (GRI 5990)/Gulf of Alaska (GRI 7960)|| {{coor dms|55|26|21|N|131|15|19|W|}}
|-
|Soustons|| France || Lessay (GRI 6731) || {{coor dms|43|44|23|N|1|22|50|W|}}
|-
|Tok, Alaska|| United States || Gulf of Alaska (GRI 7960) || {{coor dms|63|19|42.884|N|142|48|31.346|W}}
|-
|Tokachibuto|| Japan || Eastern Russia Chayka (GRI 7950)/ North West Pacific (GRI 8930) || {{coor dms|42|44|37|N|143|43|10|E|}}
|-
|Upolo Point, Hawaii || United States || shut-down ||
|-
|Værlandet|| Norway || Sylt (GRI 7499)/ Ejde (GRI 9007) ||
|-
|Veraval|| India || Bombay (GRI 6042) || {{coor dms|20|57|7|N|70|20|13|E|}}
|-
|Williams Lake || Canada || Canadian West Coast (GRI 5990) || {{coor dms|51|57|58.876|N|122|22|01.686|W}}
|-
|Xuancheng|| China || China North Sea (GRI 7430)/ China East Sea (GRI 8930) ||
|-
|'''Yap''' || Micronesia || shut down in 1987, dismantled || used a 304.8 metre tall tower
|}

==See also==
* [[CHAYKA]], the Russian counterpart of LORAN
* [[Alpha (radio navigation)|Alpha]], the Russian counterpart of the Omega Navigation System, still in use as of [[2006]].
* [[OMEGA Navigation System|OMEGA]], the Western counterpart of the Alpha Navigation System, no longer in use.
* [[Decca Navigator System]], a British system that used [[phase (waves)|phase]] difference instead of time difference.
* [[SHORAN]]
* [[Oboe (navigation)]]
* [[G-H (navigation)]]
* [[GEE (navigation)]]
* [[GPS]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Jennet Conant, ''Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and the Secret Palace of Science That Changed the Course of World War II'' (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002, ISBN 0-684-87287-0) pp. 231-232.
* {{cite web
| author=Department of Transportation and Department of Defense
| year=2006-02
| url=http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pubs/frp2005/2005%20FRP%20WEB.pdf
| title=2005 Federal Radionavigation Plan
| format=PDF
| work=
| publisher=
| accessdate=2006-02-26
| accessyear= }}

==External links==

* [http://www.loran.org/NewsAndLiterature/TheCaseForLoran/TheCaseForLoran.htm The Case for LORAN]- It is a good backup, and very accurate.
* [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/loran/Default.htm United States Coast Guard's official site]- how to use LORAN C
* [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/loran/9th-pulse-modulation-ldc.html 9th Pulse Modulation / LORAN Data Channel (LDC)] - will provide information using pulse position modulation of the broadcast signal.
* [http://www.boulder.nist.gov/timefreq/service/lorantrace.htm United States National Institute of Standards and Technology Site]- Using LORAN C for time-keeping.
* {{Structurae|id=s0012015|title=LORAN-C Transmitter (Rantum)}}
* {{Structurae|id=s0014958|title=Hellissandur Transmission Tower}} — former LORAN-C transmitter mast, now used for longwave broadcasting
* {{Structurae|id=s0014031|title=LORAN-C facility antenna (Gillette, Wyoming)}}
* {{Structurae|id=s0013990|title=LORAN-C facility antenna (Port Clarence, Alaska)}}
* http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/loran_a.html More in-depth discussion of the Loran-A system.
* http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/loran_b_d.html Histories of Lorans-B, -D, and "-F".
* [http://www.loran.org/library/2004ICNS2.pdf Integrated GPS/Loran Prototypes for Aviation Applications]
* [http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/loran_c_eloran.html Loran-C Introduction: eLoran]
* [http://www.locusinc.com/pdf/Loran%20Brochure_What%20is%20E-Loran%20w%20logo6.pdf The Migration to Enhanced or eLoran]
* [http://www.gpsworld.com/gpsworld/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=329195 The Case for eLoran] at GPS World
* [http://www.mer.equipement.gouv.fr/securite/03_navigation/03_signalisation/loran_c/Roth.pdf GNSS/eLoran for Timing and Frequency] by Locus, Inc.
* [http://www.locusinc.com/pdf/press/2004-March%20Loran%20Technical%20Eval-Entire%20Rpt.pdf Loran's Capability to Mitigate the Impact of a GPS Outage on GPS Position, Navigation, and Time Applications] by Locus, Inc.
* [http://www.pelgrum.org/radionavigation New Potential of Low-Frequency Radionavigation in the 21st Century] Ph.D. dissertation
* [http://www.megapulse.com/chaininfo.html LORAN-C chains in service]
* [http://www.tech-service.net/loran/LORAN-1.XLS Excel-File with information about LORAN-C transmitters]
* [http://phk.freebsd.dk/loran-c/ SDR in action: The last LORAN-C receiver] is a technical description of using a [[software-defined radio]] to decode LORAN-C signals.
* [http://www.cil.ie/sh620y.html New UK eLORAN service provision news article] News article re: UK leading the way in eLORAN service provision.

[[Category:Aircraft instruments]]
[[Category:Radio navigation]]
[[Category:World War II American electronics]]
[[Category:GPS]]

[[de:LORAN-C]]
[[el:Συσκευή Λοράν]]
[[es:LORAN]]
[[fr:LORAN]]
[[ko:로란]]
[[it:LORAN]]
[[nl:LORAN]]
[[ja:LORAN]]
[[no:LORAN]]
[[pt:LORAN]]
[[ru:LORAN]]
[[sr:Loran c]]
[[sl:LORAN]]
[[fi:Loran]]

Template talk:Coor

2008-07-12T22:28:02Z

24.5.188.87: /* Deprecated or Superseded */ Added comment

{{permprot}}

== 1 ==
The debate is between '''localise''' - this template to be the only place where the URL for the Mapsources script is recorded, or '''distribute''' - the URL may be copied to other templates to reduce the overhead associated with meta-templates (''nested templates'' is probably a better term).

:"==Warning==
:This is an experimental facility. To avoid problems when things change:
:*definitely do not create any links to the external URL which this template calls. That includes not creating links in templates.
:*instead use this or one of the templates which use this one. Or create a new template."

'''Distribute'''. The above "Warning" was added by [[User:RHaworth|RHaworth]], and I disagree with it. This isn't experimental anymore. It might have been once, but it has grown to enormous usage. Because it is now used so widely, we must [[WP:AUM|avoid using it as a meta-template]], so as to reduce server overhead. There isn't much of an option here. If the link needs to change, it's trivial to update the templates documented above. -- [[User:Netoholic|Netoholic]] [[User talk:Netoholic|@]] 9 July 2005 17:24 (UTC)

'''Localise'''. Certainly this isn't experimental any more but it is still ''external''. At some stage, we hope, it will become an integral part of Wikipedia and the URL will change. It is ''not'' trivial to change multiple templates, it is human effort which could be avoided if we keep the URL localised. It is bad enough that the URL will need to be changed separately in each of the other language Wikis which use coor.

OK so it imposes a server overhead - I would rather donate for more hardware - how many dollars would you suggest? Probably the heaviest load on the servers from the use of meta-templates is [[Wikipedia:Votes for deletion]] - and no one is suggesting changes to that.

Even when the resource becomes permanent, I would recommend keeping the localisation. There is a proposal to maintain a Wiki index by geo-coordinates. Template:Coor could be the starting point from which to identify all articles with coordinates. -- [[User:RHaworth|RHaworth]] 16:35, 2005 July 12 (UTC)

:Do remember that it's not something which can be handled by buying more servers - some of the nastiest effects which prompt it being an issue are cache flushing, which is based on the total number of pages using the template, and replication lag, based on the same thing. There are some changes in MediaWiki 1.5 which should reduce the replication lag effect (but not the cache purging one) but I haven't yet done enough monitoring to know just how effective they have been. [[User:Jamesday|Jamesday]] 18:20, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

In this case the balance may favor using the nested templates. The reason? The high chance of change in the future. But... how many templates include this? If it's no more than 50 or 100 it's still not a lot of work to do to change them all if the changes are going to happen perhaps once every six months. I haven't looked but this shoudl give some idea of how I see the balance between cost and benefit. If this is now stable and isn't likely to change much, it may well be worth embedding it directly instead of nesting. There are lots of mapping services and I for one hope we'll see much more support for mapping and GIS things in Wikipedia so personally, not speaking as a developer, this is one I'd leave as a nested template because I expect change fairly often. [[User:Jamesday|Jamesday]] 18:20, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
: I think there are far less than 50-100 templates which use this particular URL. Unfortunately [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Coor]] is practically useless since all those child templates and their articles show up linked to here (yet another reason to [[Wikipedia:avoid using meta-templates]]). I think the main issue is that a entire scheme has developed here that relies on an unreliable source. What if Egil moves on to other things, or he exceeds his ISP limits? I am more tempted than ever to in fact remove that as a resource from all except a very few sample templates, until a permanent solution is reached. Barring that, we should not have any trouble updating the templates documented above if the resource changes. Page me on my Talk page and I'll do it if noone else wants to. -- [[User:Netoholic|Netoholic]] [[User talk:Netoholic|@]] 18:43, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

As this is a temporary solution and in order to limit self-references, we really should add the url link only to the coor template. Otherwise, Netoholic wouldn't just need to update every template on this website, but every website using wikipedia data after every new download version is available.

BTW when will the extension be enabled in Wikipedia? -- User:Docu

: We should not be willing to sacrifice Wikipedia server performance for the sake downstream user convenience. -- [[User:Netoholic|Netoholic]] [[User talk:Netoholic|@]] 23:42, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

::Well it's to [[Wikipedia:Avoid self-references|Avoid self-references]]. -- User:Docu

====It is currently experimental====
First of all, sorry for not answering earlier.

This service in its present form must be considered experimental, and I'm sure a change of URL needs to happen quite soon. It is currently being run on a facility that I pay for. No big money, but this service has a limited bandwidth quota, and the increased usage of the service means I am already (August 11th) at 65% of this months bandwidth quota. So something needs to be done, otherwise the ISP will shut it down. I had hoped that it could be run on Wikipedia machines instead, but I must admit I have not tried very hard to convince people. If the Gis extension is enabled for the Wiki servers themselves, it will also be a better service. See [[meta:Gis]]. -- [[User:Egil|Egil]] 17:11, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

== Spacing ==

On Firefox on the Mac (but, curiously, not Safari/mac or Firefox/PC), there is a space between the minutes and the seconds, and a second space before N/S/E/W, which makes it look strange. Here's a (partial) example of the generated html:

<nowiki>37°14′10″N</nowiki>

which came from

<nowiki>{{coor dms|37|14|10|N|121|57|42|W|city}}</nowiki>

--[[User:Steve Pucci|Steve Pucci]] | [[User talk:Steve Pucci|talk]] 16:04, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

:The formating of the coordinates on IE has same problem of awkward spacing. Just need to '''add a space after the degree sign'''. --[[User:MarsRover|MarsRover]] 02:46, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
:[[Image:CoordsOnIE6.jpg]]

::My preference would be to remove the extra spaces rather than adding the space after the degree sign. In inline text (as in a location article's geography section) the spaces are large compared to the surrounding text (perhaps because they are in a monospace font? I didn't check).

::[[Image:CoordsOnMacFirefox.jpg]]

::Note also that this is not a browser rendering issue. Somehow the html is being generated differently for different browsers. --[[User:Steve Pucci|Steve Pucci]] | [[User talk:Steve Pucci|talk]] 03:27, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
::Btw, when I look at [[Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport]] or [[Los Gatos]] with IE 6.0.2900.2180.xpsp_sp2_gdr.050301-1519 I don't see the spaces. --[[User:Steve Pucci|Steve Pucci]] | [[User talk:Steve Pucci|talk]] 03:40, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

:::I am using that version. Strangely, the actual HTML doesn't have any spaces. I actually like the spaces in this case since is make it more readable (provided we add the missing space). Can we have the template have the spaces configurable with a parameter? --[[User:MarsRover|MarsRover]] 05:55, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
:::[[Image:Ie6 coord bug.png]]

== Special:Mapsources missing ==

What is the [[Special:Mapsources]] page talked about in the usage section? How do I use this template with decimal values? --[[User:Abdull|Abdull]] 16:08, 3 October 2006 (UTC)
:[[Special:Mapsources]] is currently unimplemented on the English wikipedia. See [[meta:Gis]]. --[[User:Grand Edgemaster|Grand Edgemaster]] [[User_talk:Grand Edgemaster|Talk]] 13:30, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
::Then the Usage section should be edited to reflect that. There's no good reason to have a red link in the usage section of the page on any widely used template. None. [[User:Mdotley|Mdotley]] 17:46, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

==Moved documentation==
Hi, I've moved the documentation from this Talk page to the [[Template:Coor/doc]] subpage, as recommended in [[Wikipedia:Template doc page pattern]]. Please edit the template to:
<pre>
[{{Coor URL}}{{{1}}} {{{2}}}]<noinclude>
{{protected template}}
{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}

</noinclude>
</pre>
Thanks. <tt>+[[User:Mwtoews|mwtoews]]</tt> 20:26, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
:[[Image:Yes check.svg|20px]] '''Done''' —[[User:Mets501|Mets501]] ([[User talk:Mets501|talk]]) 02:34, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

== Proper minus signs instead of stubby little hyphens ==

93 degrees west longitude appears in articles using this template as

: -93

whereas it should look like this:

: −93

with a proper minus sign instead of a stubby little hyphen. From the point of view of mathematical typesetting conventions, the present appearance is incorrect. I'd fix it if I knew how. Can someone attend to this? Thanks. [[User:Michael Hardy|Michael Hardy]] 19:48, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

== Positioning issues ==

Greetings,

I am having an issue with this template using Firefox (2.0.0.9) on Windows XP. The coordinates are shown to be overlapping the horizontal rule line that goes across the page under the title. Anyone else experiencing this? If not, I can provide a screenshot. [[User:spryde|spryde]] | [[User_talk:spryde|talk]] 14:12, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

:Yes, me too, it looks terrible and is very annoying. [[Special:Contributions/86.44.26.69|86.44.26.69]] ([[User talk:86.44.26.69|talk]]) 03:25, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

== Addition of altitude ==

Could I suggest altitude is added? I'm thinking specifically of satellites in geostationary orbit. The standard appears to be to state the latitude (e.g. see [[Astra 2A]]). It would also be useful to state the altitude (in this case around 35786km) so that 3d mapping systems such as Google Earth can correctly represent it.

[[User:Walt111|Walt111]] ([[User talk:Walt111|talk]]) 23:41, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

== Proper minus signs ==

Observe this difference:
:
: Longitude -97
: Longitude −97
:
These templates '''still, in 2008''' make the minus sign to appear as a stubby little hyphens. Admittedly many newspapers do that, since they're not really accustomed to doing mathematical stuff, but by typesetting conventions used in books and in Wikipedia mathematics articles, using the stubby little hyphen is incorrect. I'd have fixed it if when I clicked on "edit" I had seen how to do so.
:
(Further usage note: When subtracting, one writes
:
: 5 − 3
:
with a space on either side of the minus sign, but when writing about a negative number, one writes
:
: −3
:
with no intervening space. See [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (mathematics)]].)
:
These templates seems to be enforcing a very uncouth usage. Can someone fix this? [[User:Michael Hardy|Michael Hardy]] ([[User talk:Michael Hardy|talk]]) 21:32, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

:This was mentioned at [[Template talk:Coord#Minus sign]] too, where I thought it would be possible to modify the display with MediaWiki parserfunctions. Now that I look at it again, it seems MediaWiki can't parse the minus character at all: when <tt><nowiki>{{#ifexpr:-1<0|negative|positive}}</nowiki></tt> works fine with the usual ASCII minus and is <tt>{{#ifexpr:-1<0|negative|positive}}</tt>, the output of <tt><nowiki>{{#ifexpr:−1<0|negative|positive}}</nowiki></tt> displays: 
::{{#ifexpr:−1<0|negative|positive}}
:None of the popular online map services seem to support it either, for those copying and pasting coordinates. There's some edification to be done before changing any Wikipedia related code. --[[User:Para|Para]] ([[User talk:Para|talk]]) 22:08, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

== Deprecated or Superseded ==

Template coord apparently was done as a replacement for the coor template family and other similar templates.
Is there a reason that the coor template family should NOT be deprecated?
Or at least have a Notice recommending to use coord instead, if coord is indeed the "better" / "favored" template? [[User:LeheckaG|LeheckaG]] ([[User talk:LeheckaG|talk]]) 20:45, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

Comment: It may be deprecated, but it is still the more common usage, with 230,000+ in the 2008/5/24 dump (about 120,000 for coord, if my counts are right).
The Template:coor page says "This template is currently unused in article namespace" which seems to be a) poor grammar, and b) incorrect, if I'm reading it correctly. Perhaps someone with the ability to change the page could change it to something more accurate, like "this is deprecated, please use Template:coord for any new edits."

Princess Anne, Maryland

2008-07-12T09:38:22Z

24.5.188.87: Remove incorrectly formatted lat/long in infobox. The lat/long is still in two places, and the deleted value didn't match the other values.

{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = Princess Anne, Maryland
|settlement_type = [[Town]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_map = Somerset_County_Maryland_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Princess_Anne_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location of Princess Anne, Maryland|.
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Maryland|County]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Maryland]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Somerset County, Maryland|Somerset]]
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[Town Manager]]
|leader_name = Winslow "Jay" Parker
|established_title = [[city charter|Incorporated]]
|established_date = [[1733]]
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 3.3
|area_total_sq_mi = 1.3
|area_land_sq_mi = 1.3
|area_land_km2 = 3.3
|area_water_km2 = 0.0
|population_as_of = 2000
|population_note =
|population_total = 2,313 (city proper)
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = 2231
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.0
|elevation_m = 5
|elevation_ft = 18
|website = http://www.townofprincessanne.com/
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 21853
|area_code = [[Area code 410|410]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 24-64000
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0591074
|footnotes =}}
'''Princess Anne''' is a town in [[Somerset County, Maryland|Somerset County]], [[Maryland]], [[United States]]. The population was 2,313 at the 2000 census. It is the [[county seat]] of [[Somerset County, Maryland|Somerset County]]{{GR|6}}.

Princess Anne is included in the [[Salisbury, Maryland]] [[Salisbury metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]].

The town is notable as the location of the [[University of Maryland Eastern Shore]]

==History==
With a population just under 2400 people, this [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] at the head of the [[Manokin River]] was named for [[Princess Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange|Princess Anne of Great Britain]], daughter of King [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]. It was established in 1733 and serves as the county seat for Somerset County (the southern most county in [[Maryland]]).

In the [[mid-18th century]], Princess Anne gained considerable importance as a market center because of the river trade. This was later augmented by the southward extension of the railroad on [[Maryland Eastern Shore|Maryland's Eastern Shore]]. At that time, the Manokin River was navigable as far as the bridge at Princess Anne.

Much of the town's architectural heritage from those days has been preserved. About 150 acres (0.6 km²) of the old town, containing about 300 structures, is entered on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

==Geography==
Princess Anne is located at {{coor dms|38|12|16|N|75|41|42|W|city}} (38.204439, -75.695024){{GR|1}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 1.2 [[square mile]]s (3.2 [[km²]]), all of it land.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 2,313 people, 992 households, and 498 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was 1,843.2 people per square mile (714.4/km²). There were 1,117 housing units at an average density of 890.1/sq mi (345.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 34.59% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 62.86% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.56% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.78% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.48% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.69% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.69% of the population.

There were 992 households out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 21.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.7% were non-families. 38.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the town the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 20.2% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 84.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $20,066, and the median income for a family was $26,351. Males had a median income of $19,492 versus $22,857 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $10,944. About 30.1% of families and 39.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 53.8% of those under age 18 and 21.0% of those age 65 or over.

== Colleges and universities ==
*[[University of Maryland Eastern Shore]]

==Notable Residents==
* [[Samuel Chase]], born April 17, 1741, Princess Anne; died June 19, 1811, Washington, D.C.; member of the colonial "Sons of Liberty"; signer of the Declaration of Independence; member of the Maryland Assembly 1764–84; delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses 1774–78 & 1784–85; Judge of the Baltimore Criminal Court 1788-96; Chief Judge of the Maryland General Court 1791-96; Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court 1796-1811 (appointed by George Washington), impeached in 1804 for political reasons (instigated by Thomas Jefferson), and acquitted in 1805 (presided by Aaron Burr)
* [[Phillips Lee Goldsborough]], born August 6, 1865; Governor of Maryland 1912-16; U.S. Senator for Maryland 1929-35

==External links==
*[http://www.townofprincessanne.com/ Town of Princess Anne website]
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|38.204439|-75.695024}}

{{Somerset County, Maryland}}
{{County Seats of Maryland}}

[[Category:Towns in Maryland]]
[[Category:Somerset County, Maryland]]
[[Category:United States communities with African American majority populations]]
[[Category:County seats in Maryland]]
[[Category:Salisbury metropolitan area]]

[[nl:Princess Anne]]
[[pt:Princess Anne]]
[[vo:Princess Anne]]

Template talk:Coord

2008-07-12T01:12:12Z

24.5.188.87: Trivia, fix my punctuation.

{{permprot}}
{{ProjectMicroformats}}
{{WPcoord}}
{{central|:Category:Coord template{{!}}all template talk-subpages}}
{{bots|deny=SineBot}}

{{Archive box|
* [[/Archive 1]]
* [[/Archive 2]]
* [[/Archive 3]]
* [[/Archive 4]]
* [[/Archive 5]]
}}

;'''Conversion: For issues to be considered in upgrading other coordinates templates to this one, please see [[/conversion]].'''


__TOC__

== Scale parameters ==

The documentation on this page has improved considerably from past iterations -- kudos! However, I would suggest it desperately needs a section on using the scale tags. I'm trying to figure out how to focus on a single set of buildings on the south end of the Southampton Airport, but there's simply nothing in the documentation about how to do this. [[User:Maury Markowitz|Maury]] ([[User talk:Maury Markowitz|talk]]) 17:07, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

:Coordinate parameters are the same for all the coordinate templates on Wikipedia, so the documentation links to [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Geographical coordinates#Parameters]]. Should the information there be transcluded to the documentation of all the coordinate templates? Most buildings are fine using type:landmark and its default scale, but if your building is exceptionally small or big, you'll need to add the scale parameter with a rough value that's more appropriate. As far as I know the number is imaginary, so it's basically a trial and error process. Please write something about this in the [[Template:Coord/doc|documentation]] if it's not obvious enough yet. --[[User:Para|Para]] ([[User talk:Para|talk]]) 20:33, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

::Hold on! I thought ''scale'' was depricated and never well defined (correct me if I'm wrong). At least on de.wikipedia.org it's use has been discontinued in favour of ''dim'', the object diameter in Meters. --[[User:Dschwen|Dschwen]] 20:42, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

:::No, that's only on the German Wikipedia so far. I don't know what ''scale'' is based on either, but since it's been used in Wikipedia from early on, it's probably somewhat consistent in all Wikipedia articles and in the relation between object sizes and the scaling used by external services. Dim as the length of the longest dimension of an object would indeed be more meaninful, but it's currently not supported in GeoHack. I guess all that's needed to add the support is to find how it would correspond to all the [[Template:GeoTemplate/doc#Scaling|scales used by various services]]. --[[User:Para|Para]] ([[User talk:Para|talk]]) 21:20, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

== Infoboxes ==

I have noticed that a number of infoboxes have started to include coordinates in them. This is good. However, I notice that this also places the same coords in the title area. This is bad. There's really no need to have both, infoboxes are generally located at the top anyway. [[User:Maury Markowitz|Maury]] ([[User talk:Maury Markowitz|talk]]) 17:11, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
: Case of people putting "inline,title" in the infobox template code, they need to just put "inline" (or nothing at all as that is the default). [[User talk:Orderinchaos|Orderinchaos]] 17:20, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
::Or if the infobox places the co-ords in the title, then the other coord code can be deleted. Simple. - [[User:52 Pickup|'''52 Pickup''']] [[User_talk:52 Pickup|(deal)]] 18:06, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

==Blue Globe Icon==
I find the blue globe icon absolutely unsuitable for inline purposes—the coordintes should suffice.[[User:TinyMark|TINY]][[User talk:TinyMark|MARK]] 03:07, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

:Then [[:meta:WikiMiniAtlas|switch it off]]. For the german Wikipedia I replaced the icon inline with a unicode char.--[[User:Dschwen|Dschwen]] 03:27, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

Why don't use the geotag icon? http://www.geotagicons.com/index.html 09:11, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

==Minus sign==
{{tlx|editprotected}}
This template should display a [[minus sign]], not a [[hyphen]], for negative co-ordinates. For example, [[Niagara Falls]] should display as 43.080, −79.071 instead of 43.080, -79.071. Correct typography is crucial for maintaining a professional appearance on this encyclopedia. —[[User:Werson|Werson]] ([[User talk:Werson|talk]]) 06:12, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

:{{not done}} the display of hyphens as opposed to minus signs is entirely dependent on how the coordinates were entered into the template, and nothing to do with how the template itself. This is an issue which must be [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niagara_Falls&diff=197309218&oldid=197104841 fixed] on a per-article basis - there is no way that I am aware of to ''force'' the template to treat a hyphen as a minus sign. [[User:Happy-melon|'''Happy''']]‑[[User talk:Happy-melon|'''melon''']] 20:09, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

:: Actually, the hyphen being processed by the GeoHack tool and a hyphen is not recognized. So it can not be used on a per article basis, it must be a hyphen using the present technology. {{coord|43.080|−79.071}} The coordinates at the top of the GeoHack page are zero. -- [[User:SEWilco|SEWilco]] ([[User talk:SEWilco|talk]]) 23:32, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

:::I was thinking that the template could parse the data and just replace it with a minus sign in the page, while still keeping a hyphen in the links to other software that rely on it. —[[User:Werson|Werson]] ([[User talk:Werson|talk]]) 02:19, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

:::It would be technically possible to have parserfunctions replace the displayed sign of negative numbers with another character. But looks like Google doesn't support it either [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=43.080,−79.071], so it would break compatibility for those copying and pasting coordinates, in a way most people wouldn't realize how to fix. --[[User:Para|Para]] ([[User talk:Para|talk]]) 00:13, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

::::That's a good point. It occurs to me, though, that Google would be quick to add support for it if we changed it. They've been frequently updating the Google Earth engine to keep up with us so far; this would be a simple search-and-replace on their part. —[[User:Werson|Werson]] ([[User talk:Werson|talk]]) 02:19, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

== interwiki. how? ==

I would like to add Polish interwiki: [[pl:Szablon:Koordynaty]]. How can I do it? [[User:Kubek15|'''Kubek''']][[User_talk:Kubek15|'''15''']][[User:Kubek15/G| (Sign!)]] [[User:Kubek15/C|(Contribs)]] [[User:Kubek15/U|(UBX)]] 14:06, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

:See the box at the [[#top|top of this page]] and the [[#Interwiki]] section. --[[User:Para|Para]] ([[User talk:Para|talk]]) 16:37, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

==Scale not working==
Why does the scale parameter not work with this template? In fact, it's not even clear if it's supported (no examples) Socrates2008 ([[User talk:Socrates2008|Talk]]) 22:34, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

:Scale is not well-defined. At least on de.wikipedia it has been superseeded with dim (object diameter in meters). --[[User:Dschwen|Dschwen]] 22:35, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

::I'm curious what you mean by "not well-defined". Scale should be the denominator of screen units to map units as per [[Scale (map)]]. [[User:Heptazane|Heptazane]] ([[User talk:Heptazane|talk]]) 01:34, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

:::What screen units? Pixels? Inches (what DPI)? A reasonable definition would probably be assuming 72DPI, but I haven't seen this defined anywhere. --[[User:Dschwen|Dschwen]] 01:43, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

::::Would someone mind pointing me at a working example that uses scale please? Socrates2008 ([[User talk:Socrates2008|Talk]]) 10:52, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

:::::OK, I'm assuming this does not work. Can it please be fixed? Thanks Socrates2008 ([[User talk:Socrates2008|Talk]]) 11:10, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

==Display problem==
<s>In [[Szczecin]] I'm seeing the title coordinates displayed so that they're half off the screen. Just my browser, or a formatting problem?--[[User:Kotniski|Kotniski]] ([[User talk:Kotniski|talk]]) 17:49, 29 March 2008 (UTC)</s>
::Seems to have resolved itself.--[[User:Kotniski|Kotniski]] ([[User talk:Kotniski|talk]]) 08:46, 1 April 2008 (UTC)
:There is a general problem that has reappeared in which the co-ordinates are cut by the horizontal rule at the top of the article. [[User:Keith D|Keith D]] ([[User talk:Keith D|talk]]) 18:09, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

:: Looking at random articles I'm seeing the horizontal rule running through the top of the globe, with the coordinates just below the line. Maybe a browser with a different font would have a problem with the coordinates. If I change the size of my browser's text then the globe is usually not skewered (I can't make Firefox clobber the coord text). Do you have any regional announcements appearing on your pages? I presently see no Wikipedia notices at the top. -- [[User:SEWilco|SEWilco]] ([[User talk:SEWilco|talk]]) 18:38, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

:::The problem appears to have disappeared today on articles I have accessed. [[User:Keith D|Keith D]] ([[User talk:Keith D|talk]]) 18:46, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

:: I'm still seeing the problem using Firefox, e.g. on [[Mount Pelion West]] --[[User:Ozhiker|Ozhiker]] ([[User talk:Ozhiker|talk]]) 20:49, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

:::Ditto, minus the Mount Pelion West bit. - [[User:Dudesleeper|Dudesleeper]] / [[User talk:Dudesleeper| Talk]] 21:32, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

: At the moment with Firefox I'm seeing the coordinates-over-line on [[Bathhouse Row]] {{tl|Infobox_nrhp}} and [[Spelle]] {{tl|Infobox Ort in Deutschland}} but not [[Hot Springs, Arkansas]] {{tl|Geolinks-US-cityscale}}. I note that the problem version seems to have a slightly smaller font being used for "Coordinates", which implies differences in templates or CSS. -- [[User:SEWilco|SEWilco]] ([[User talk:SEWilco|talk]]) 17:11, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

:: The two above with the problem are using infoboxes which call {{tl|coord}} with Degrees-Minutes-Seconds format; Hot Springs uses decimal degrees. Testing further. -- [[User:SEWilco|SEWilco]] ([[User talk:SEWilco|talk]]) 17:27, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

:::The coord template keeps emitting the same text. But add the table wrapping used in the infobox and I think the class triggers CSS code which changes the formatting. Invite the CSS people to look at it. -- [[User:SEWilco|SEWilco]] ([[User talk:SEWilco|talk]]) 17:55, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
<nowiki> {| class="infobox geography vcard"
|| Testing in a table
{{coord|1|30|00|N|93|30|00|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|}</nowiki>
<nowiki>{| class="infobox" style="width: {{{boxwidth|240px}}}; font-size: 90%;"
|| Testing in a table
{{coord|1|30|00|N|93|30|00|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|}
</nowiki>

Looks like it to me, that it depends on what includes {{tl|coord}}. The CSS that both use is equal, but the fontsize and lineheight that both use is different because of what they inherit from the table cell that includes the templates. Best suggestion here is to force a fontsize and lineheight in the CSS for the span with id "coordinates" (defined in Monobook.css). Be aware that changes to that file can take up to 30 days to propagate to all visitors, so make sure you get it good in the first go. (suggest setting it with style="" in that element before actually taking those CSS changes back to the main CSS file). I believe recently the lineheights for elements in the header were slightly tweaked, which may be the cause for these problems. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 18:34, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

:The problem is not only linked to infoboxes as it occurs on articles that do not use infoboxes. It occurs on articles just using {{tl|coor title dm}} e.g. [[Gatenby]]. [[User:Keith D|Keith D]] ([[User talk:Keith D|talk]]) 23:13, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

:Another template issue: {{tl|coor at dms}} like [[Shaker Heights, Ohio]] ... is this now a problem with more templates? Perhaps it has something to do with the hidden Wikimania 2008 banner as [[User:Martha Forsyth]] suggested below. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:08, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
:Just checked the template pages themselves, the title coordinates on each appear to run in the with title line. Note: I'm not showing the Wikimania 2008 banner. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:11, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

=== Observation/thought: ===
Just got a bit of possibly insight. Was looking at [[Paisley Caves]] and noticed the positioning was just fine....then decided to "hide" the notification about scholarships to Wikimania 2008 - BINGO! the correct positioning disappeared. I know nothing at all about how the position of the "coordinates" line is determined, but this suggests to me that the position is linked not to the Page Title, but to the (physical) top of the page. If the link could be fixed, perhaps these would "stay put"? What causes the "top of the page" to move up or down w respect to any announcements that might appear above it? Define the position of the coordinates the same way? —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 00:39, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

It's just wrong! Why not shove it a little down so that it doesn't happen? Even 5px would clear it and have it not interfere with other contents. How hard is that? Alternately, some parameter fields can be added to allow the editors to relocate it relative to its default position. I get shivers down my spine whenever I see that horizontal line cross the coordinates out. Yuck... ~[[User:Mistman123|RayLast]] «[[User talk:Mistman123|Talk!]]» 14:28, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

I just noticed that a little above this thread, at [[#Infoboxes]], [[52 Pickup]] suggests removing "the other" set of coordinates. But, e.g., at [[Shaker Heights, Ohio]] I can only FIND one place in which they're listed, and that's in Infobox Settlement. The ones that show up in the title line mysteriously appear, but I don't know why (have always assumed they're picking up on the coordinates given in the infobox). —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 19:06, 9 April 2008 (UTC)
:Confirmed, caused by the sitenotice. Under investigation. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 19:27, 9 April 2008 (UTC)
::The sitenotice was disabled by [[User:MZMcBride]], but this doesn't seem to help much. It's a strange case for sure... --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 19:45, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

: In response to the question about the [[Shaker Heights, Ohio]] article, "the other" set of coordinates is generated by: "<code><nowiki>Shaker Heights is located at {{coor at dms|41|28|35|N|81|33|6|W|city}}</nowiki></code>". The {{tl2|coor at dms}} template is equivalent to using {{tl2|coord}} with <code>display=inline,title</code>. If you change that to use {{tl2|coor dms}} it will only display the coordinates inline. -- [[User:Zyxw|Zyxw]] ([[User talk:Zyxw|talk]]) 00:39, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Things seem to be displaying better today, for me at least (was something changed?) - the coordinates at the top of the page are not cut through by the line. But they are below the line, in what looks like an indeterminate position, not visually related either to the page title, or "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". From a design point of view, I personally would be MUCH happier if the coordinates that appear at the top of a page (no matter what template puts them there) could be baseline-aligned with the page's title, in exactly the same way that [edit] appears, right-aligned, with section titles. Can that not be arranged, by some clever programmer? —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 17:03, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

:It seems a little better to me too but it still is not completely satisfactory. The coords are not crossed by the middle now but the little globe still intersects with the line. Has anyone found the cause? ~[[User:Mistman123|RayLast]] «[[User talk:Mistman123|Talk!]]» 21:10, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
::I think that's how it usually is. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 11:16, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

==== Further note ====
Please look at [[Paisley Caves]] - the only place I can find coordinates on that page is in <nowiki>{{Infobox Cave}}</nowiki>. Apparently putting coordinates in that infobox puts them on the page in TWO places. Maybe this is true elsewhere?? —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 17:12, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

:It is often true that coords in an infobox appear necessarily both in the title bar and the infobox. I have argued previously that an editor deserves the choice of either, neither or both, but met with opposition (from Andy Mabbett, now blocked). A skilled infoboxer ought to be able to offer a choice. [[User:Roundhouse0|-- roundhouse0]] ([[User talk:Roundhouse0|talk]]) 17:33, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

::If using {{tl|coor d}}, {{tl|coor dm}}, or {{tl|coor dms}} in the infobox, adding "at" in the middle will also give you title coordinates from the following templates: {{tl|coor at d}}, {{tl|coor at dm}}, or {{tl|coor at dms}}, which are in essence, are combinations of two templates. So: {{tl|coor d}} + {{tl|coor title d}} = {{tl|coor at d}}. I think that coordinates should be displayed both in the title bar and the article, to give us some standards, instead of having it not appear, or appear once. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:21, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

===Fixing the position===
Ok, I think everyone knows that the coord element is breaking just too fast. The primary reason is that it fixes its offset to the "top" as 3.5em. That makes it at least "scale" when people have a larger default fontsize than normal, but it is still problematic whenever {{tl|coord}} is included from a table that has "font-size: 90%" or something, or when additional elements are added above the line (such as sitenotice). There is really only one way to fix this, and that is by making sure that the the coordinates element is simply properly positioned within the flow of the DOM. It needs to BE in that corner instead being positioned towards that corner.

As such I think we should propose to add the following to [[MediaWiki:monobook.js]]:
<source lang="javascript">
addOnloadHook( function moveCoord() {
var coord_elem = document.getElementById( 'coordinates' );
if( coord_elem ) {
var ourcontent = document.getElementById( "bodyContent" );
if( ourcontent ) {
var tempelem = coord_elem.parentNode.removeChild( coord_elem );
tempelem.style.position = "relative";
tempelem.style.top = 0;
ourcontent.insertBefore( tempelem, ourcontent.firstChild );
}
}
});
</source>
This makes sure that the position is always just below the H1 header line. It makes sure that the fontsize of the elements is not dependent on the fontsize of the element that includes the coordinates, and it scales perfectly in all cases. If people do not have JS enabled, then the current behaviour will still be "good enough". --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 22:36, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
:For people who would like to test: add <code>importScript('User:TheDJ/movecoord.js');</code> to your [[Special:MyPage/monobook.js|monobook.js]]. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 22:55, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
::What about the other coordinates templates, like {{tl|coor d}}, {{tl|coor dm}}, {{tl|coor dms}}, {{tl|coor title d}}, {{tl|coor title dm}}, {{tl|coor title dms}}, {{tl|coor at d}}, {{tl|coor at dm}}, and {{tl|coor at dms}}. These were also having issues. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:24, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
:::These all use the same HTML. It doesn't matter what template you use, as long as it produces an HTML element with CSS id. "coordinates". --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 19:03, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
:I think I did the right thing: added <s><nowiki><code></nowiki></s>importScript('User:TheDJ/movecoord.js');<s><nowiki></code></nowiki></s> to my otherwise-empty monobook.js - but I'm not sure it made any difference. What am I looking for, in "testing" this? —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 23:45, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
::Check out [[Shaker Heights, Ohio]] for instance. Here the coordinates used to be "cut" by the header line. This was caused by it being included from a table cell with "font-size:90%". With this in your monobook, the coordinates should no longer be cut by the header, and should have the font-size that it is supposed to. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 01:01, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
:::It seems to be OK - the top of the little "show location on an interactive map" graphic very slightly intersects the line but the text is all below the line, and it's a smaller point size. I guess my "testing" should consist of letting you know if I ''do'' find a page that still looks wrong — right? —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 05:10, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
::::I think so. I imported the script are looking for pages. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 22:59, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
::::'''Here:''' Found a page: [[Poljane Grammar School]]. It still cuts is a bit close. Same with [[Gihtsejiegŋa]]. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 23:01, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
:::::'''Comment:''' Even with the script imported, [[Template:Infobox Glacier]] still cuts the coordinates closely. Same with [[Template:Infobox High School]] (ignore redirect), only if the title coordinates are based in the box. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 23:08, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
What browser are you using? Because I'm not seeing it on Safari 3 or Firefox 2.0 --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 01:34, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
:You didn't include it in your monobook properly. You added the <nowiki><code></nowiki> markup, which is just decorative styling and not intended to be included in your monobook.js --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 01:40, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
Now none of this is working. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:25, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

== Bug with some value and dms output ==

#<nowiki>{{coord|2.4333|-73.9667|format=dms}}</nowiki> actually display « 2° 25′ 60″ N 73° 58′ 00″ W » 60 seconds ? expected 2° 26' 00'' ({{coord|2.4333|-73.9667|format=dms}})
# more boring <nowiki>{{coord|2.433333333333|-73.9667|format=dms}}</nowiki> « 2° 25′ 00″ N 73° 58′ 00″ W » expected 2° 26' 00 ({{coord|2.433333333333|-73.9667|format=dms}})
- [[User Talk:Phe|phe]] 12:01, 11 April 2008 (UTC)
:Hm, that's funny. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:16, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
::Hmm, clearly a rounding error. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 19:25, 16 May 2008 (UTC)
:::OK, these are errors in the dec2dms scripts. Basically, there is no "carry" in the calculation like there [[Geographic_coordinate_conversion#Programmatical_conversion|should be]]. I don't really know how to do this in parserfunction code. I'm not sure if it is even possible. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 20:59, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

== Line wrapping ==

{{Infobox
| bodystyle = width:200px;
| above = Using <nowiki>{{coor dms}}</nowiki>
| label1 = Coordinates
| data1 = {{coor dms|58|40|36|N|156|38|57|W}}
}}
{{Infobox
| bodystyle = width:200px;
| above = Using <nowiki>{{coord}}</nowiki>
| label1 = Coordinates
| data1 = {{coord|58|40|36|N|156|38|57|W}}
}}
:''Note: The following details a bug that occurs in Internet Explorer 6, therefore users of other browsers may not see anything wrong in the following examples.''
The infoboxes to the right show how {{tl|Coor dms}} and {{tl|Coord}} wrap coordinates when they cannot fit on a single line. [[Template:Coor dms]] wraps at the space between the latitude and longitude. This was done back in 2006 (see [[Template talk:Coor dms/archive001#Line wrapping]]) with the addition of the following:
:<code><nowiki> {{{1}}}°{{{2}}}′{{{3}}}″{{{4}}}, {{{5}}}°{{{6}}}′{{{7}}}″{{{8}}} </nowiki></code>
[[Template:Coord/link]] (the output sub-template of [[Template:Coord]]) replaces that with:
:<code><nowiki> {{{dms-lat}}} {{{dms-long}}} </nowiki></code>
Since <code>.latitude</code> and <code>.longitude</code> are defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] as <code>white-space:nowrap;</code> one might expect both templates to wrap at the space. That is the case in Windows XP with the Firefox, Opera, and Safari browsers. However, when using Internet Explorer 6 the coordinates in the second infobox appear as:
:[[Image:Erioll world.svg|18px]]58°40′36″N 156°38′
:57″W
To ensure that the infobox or template [[CSS]] is not causing this problem, the following example uses the classes directly:
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Code:
| <code><nowiki> 58°40′36″N 156°38′57″W </nowiki></code>
|-
! Output:
| <div style="width:120px;"> 58°40′36″N 156°38′57″W </div>
|}
So, while it may seem redundant, the fix for IE6 is to add <code>style="white-space:nowrap"</code> after <code>class="latitude"</code> and <code>class="longitude"</code>:
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Code:
| <code><nowiki> 58°40′36″N 156°38′57″W </nowiki></code>
|-
! Output:
| <div style="width:120px;"> 58°40′36″N 156°38′57″W </div>
|}
Note that <code>class="latitude"</code> and <code>class="longitude"</code> cannot be removed because they are needed for the [[Geo microformat]] (as explained in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] and [[Template:Coord/link/doc]]). -- [[User:Zyxw|Zyxw]] ([[User talk:Zyxw|talk]]) 05:13, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

:{{[[Template:editprotected|editprotected]]}}
:To fix the bug described above, edit [[Template:Coord/link]] and make the following changes:
::Replace <code><nowiki> </nowiki></code>
::With <code><nowiki> </nowiki></code>
:and
::Replace <code><nowiki> </nowiki></code>
::With <code><nowiki> </nowiki></code>
:-- [[User:Zyxw|Zyxw]] ([[User talk:Zyxw|talk]]) 05:22, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

I think there's a better fix for this - looking into it now... --- [[User:RockMFR|RockMFR]] 05:38, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
:[{{fullurl:MediaWiki:Common.css|diff=214128166}} This should do it.] --- [[User:RockMFR|RockMFR]] 05:53, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
::That works. Thanks. -- [[User:Zyxw|Zyxw]] ([[User talk:Zyxw|talk]]) 06:31, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

==Category==
{{tlx|editprotected}}
Dear administrator, please add the category to this template:
<nowiki><noinclude>[[Category:Coord template]]</noinclude></nowiki>
Thank you in advance, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|talk]]) 23:08, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
:{{done}} but categories aren't often added to the templates themselves, but to the documentation, which is unprotected. Thanks, [[User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]] [[User talk:PeterSymonds|(talk)]] 23:12, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

==Category 2==
{{tlx|editprotected}}

Dear administrator, I apologize since I had not noticed that the discussion page was a redirect.
I wanted to add a category to {{tl|Coord/dec2dms/d}} by adding
<nowiki><noinclude>[[Category:Coord template]]</noinclude></nowiki>
I also suggest to make a change in the pages {{tl|Coord/input/dm}} and {{tl|Coord/input/dms}}.
It is the replacement of
<nowiki>{{coor dms2dec|</nowiki>
by
<nowiki>{{coord/dms2dec|</nowiki>
There are 2 occurrences on each template. The templates {{tl|coor dms2dec}} and {{tl|coord/dms2dec}} are equivalent, since the former is a redirection to the latter. However, the main one is {{tl|coord/dms2dec}}. A similar renaming was [{{fullurl:Template:Coord/input/d|diff=123960505&oldid=121128782}} already done] in {{tl|Coord/input/d}}.

Thank you very much in advance. Regards, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|talk]]) 00:30, 11 June 2008 (UTC)
:{{ep|d}} [[User:Happy-melon|'''Happy''']]‑[[User talk:Happy-melon|'''melon''']] 14:57, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

== Please clarify syntax ==

I think it would be useful to clarify some aspects of the syntax.

The [[Template:Coord]] page lists

{{tld|coord|latitude|longitude|coordinate parameters|template parameters}}

{{tld|coord|dd|N/S|dd|E/W|coordinate parameters|template parameters}}

{{tld|coord|dd|mm|N/S|dd|mm|E/W|coordinate parameters|template parameters}}

{{tld|coord|dd|mm|ss|N/S|dd|mm|ss|E/W|coordinate parameters|template parameters}}

As valid formats, but about 370 pages use

{{tld|coord|template parameters|dd|mm|ss|N/S|dd|mm|ss|E/W|coordinate parameters}}

And it seems to work. For example [[Saint-Jean-de-Matha, Quebec]]

Could someone in the know either clarify that this is legal or not legal? And perhaps include the clarificaion in the usage and/or examples section?

Also, should unused parameters be indicated by an empty field (||), or just left out completely.

There are about 45 articles with something like {{tld|coord|32|01||S|117|24||E|type:town|display=title}}
Note the missing seconds. It sort of works (displays '" with no number between see [[Quairading, Western Australia]]

Is this considered valid syntax? Either way, a clarification in the usage section might be useful.

Also, is it legal to have no geographic coordinates, just a type?

Template talk:Coord

2008-07-10T19:59:54Z

24.5.188.87: /* Please clarify syntax */ new section

{{permprot}}
{{ProjectMicroformats}}
{{WPcoord}}
{{central|:Category:Coord template{{!}}all template talk-subpages}}
{{bots|deny=SineBot}}

{{Archive box|
* [[/Archive 1]]
* [[/Archive 2]]
* [[/Archive 3]]
* [[/Archive 4]]
* [[/Archive 5]]
}}

;'''Conversion: For issues to be considered in upgrading other coordinates templates to this one, please see [[/conversion]].'''


__TOC__

== Scale parameters ==

The documentation on this page has improved considerably from past iterations -- kudos! However, I would suggest it desperately needs a section on using the scale tags. I'm trying to figure out how to focus on a single set of buildings on the south end of the Southampton Airport, but there's simply nothing in the documentation about how to do this. [[User:Maury Markowitz|Maury]] ([[User talk:Maury Markowitz|talk]]) 17:07, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

:Coordinate parameters are the same for all the coordinate templates on Wikipedia, so the documentation links to [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Geographical coordinates#Parameters]]. Should the information there be transcluded to the documentation of all the coordinate templates? Most buildings are fine using type:landmark and its default scale, but if your building is exceptionally small or big, you'll need to add the scale parameter with a rough value that's more appropriate. As far as I know the number is imaginary, so it's basically a trial and error process. Please write something about this in the [[Template:Coord/doc|documentation]] if it's not obvious enough yet. --[[User:Para|Para]] ([[User talk:Para|talk]]) 20:33, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

::Hold on! I thought ''scale'' was depricated and never well defined (correct me if I'm wrong). At least on de.wikipedia.org it's use has been discontinued in favour of ''dim'', the object diameter in Meters. --[[User:Dschwen|Dschwen]] 20:42, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

:::No, that's only on the German Wikipedia so far. I don't know what ''scale'' is based on either, but since it's been used in Wikipedia from early on, it's probably somewhat consistent in all Wikipedia articles and in the relation between object sizes and the scaling used by external services. Dim as the length of the longest dimension of an object would indeed be more meaninful, but it's currently not supported in GeoHack. I guess all that's needed to add the support is to find how it would correspond to all the [[Template:GeoTemplate/doc#Scaling|scales used by various services]]. --[[User:Para|Para]] ([[User talk:Para|talk]]) 21:20, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

== Infoboxes ==

I have noticed that a number of infoboxes have started to include coordinates in them. This is good. However, I notice that this also places the same coords in the title area. This is bad. There's really no need to have both, infoboxes are generally located at the top anyway. [[User:Maury Markowitz|Maury]] ([[User talk:Maury Markowitz|talk]]) 17:11, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
: Case of people putting "inline,title" in the infobox template code, they need to just put "inline" (or nothing at all as that is the default). [[User talk:Orderinchaos|Orderinchaos]] 17:20, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
::Or if the infobox places the co-ords in the title, then the other coord code can be deleted. Simple. - [[User:52 Pickup|'''52 Pickup''']] [[User_talk:52 Pickup|(deal)]] 18:06, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

==Blue Globe Icon==
I find the blue globe icon absolutely unsuitable for inline purposes—the coordintes should suffice.[[User:TinyMark|TINY]][[User talk:TinyMark|MARK]] 03:07, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

:Then [[:meta:WikiMiniAtlas|switch it off]]. For the german Wikipedia I replaced the icon inline with a unicode char.--[[User:Dschwen|Dschwen]] 03:27, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

Why don't use the geotag icon? http://www.geotagicons.com/index.html 09:11, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

==Minus sign==
{{tlx|editprotected}}
This template should display a [[minus sign]], not a [[hyphen]], for negative co-ordinates. For example, [[Niagara Falls]] should display as 43.080, −79.071 instead of 43.080, -79.071. Correct typography is crucial for maintaining a professional appearance on this encyclopedia. —[[User:Werson|Werson]] ([[User talk:Werson|talk]]) 06:12, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

:{{not done}} the display of hyphens as opposed to minus signs is entirely dependent on how the coordinates were entered into the template, and nothing to do with how the template itself. This is an issue which must be [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niagara_Falls&diff=197309218&oldid=197104841 fixed] on a per-article basis - there is no way that I am aware of to ''force'' the template to treat a hyphen as a minus sign. [[User:Happy-melon|'''Happy''']]‑[[User talk:Happy-melon|'''melon''']] 20:09, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

:: Actually, the hyphen being processed by the GeoHack tool and a hyphen is not recognized. So it can not be used on a per article basis, it must be a hyphen using the present technology. {{coord|43.080|−79.071}} The coordinates at the top of the GeoHack page are zero. -- [[User:SEWilco|SEWilco]] ([[User talk:SEWilco|talk]]) 23:32, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

:::I was thinking that the template could parse the data and just replace it with a minus sign in the page, while still keeping a hyphen in the links to other software that rely on it. —[[User:Werson|Werson]] ([[User talk:Werson|talk]]) 02:19, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

:::It would be technically possible to have parserfunctions replace the displayed sign of negative numbers with another character. But looks like Google doesn't support it either [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=43.080,−79.071], so it would break compatibility for those copying and pasting coordinates, in a way most people wouldn't realize how to fix. --[[User:Para|Para]] ([[User talk:Para|talk]]) 00:13, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

::::That's a good point. It occurs to me, though, that Google would be quick to add support for it if we changed it. They've been frequently updating the Google Earth engine to keep up with us so far; this would be a simple search-and-replace on their part. —[[User:Werson|Werson]] ([[User talk:Werson|talk]]) 02:19, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

== interwiki. how? ==

I would like to add Polish interwiki: [[pl:Szablon:Koordynaty]]. How can I do it? [[User:Kubek15|'''Kubek''']][[User_talk:Kubek15|'''15''']][[User:Kubek15/G| (Sign!)]] [[User:Kubek15/C|(Contribs)]] [[User:Kubek15/U|(UBX)]] 14:06, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

:See the box at the [[#top|top of this page]] and the [[#Interwiki]] section. --[[User:Para|Para]] ([[User talk:Para|talk]]) 16:37, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

==Scale not working==
Why does the scale parameter not work with this template? In fact, it's not even clear if it's supported (no examples) Socrates2008 ([[User talk:Socrates2008|Talk]]) 22:34, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

:Scale is not well-defined. At least on de.wikipedia it has been superseeded with dim (object diameter in meters). --[[User:Dschwen|Dschwen]] 22:35, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

::I'm curious what you mean by "not well-defined". Scale should be the denominator of screen units to map units as per [[Scale (map)]]. [[User:Heptazane|Heptazane]] ([[User talk:Heptazane|talk]]) 01:34, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

:::What screen units? Pixels? Inches (what DPI)? A reasonable definition would probably be assuming 72DPI, but I haven't seen this defined anywhere. --[[User:Dschwen|Dschwen]] 01:43, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

::::Would someone mind pointing me at a working example that uses scale please? Socrates2008 ([[User talk:Socrates2008|Talk]]) 10:52, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

:::::OK, I'm assuming this does not work. Can it please be fixed? Thanks Socrates2008 ([[User talk:Socrates2008|Talk]]) 11:10, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

==Display problem==
<s>In [[Szczecin]] I'm seeing the title coordinates displayed so that they're half off the screen. Just my browser, or a formatting problem?--[[User:Kotniski|Kotniski]] ([[User talk:Kotniski|talk]]) 17:49, 29 March 2008 (UTC)</s>
::Seems to have resolved itself.--[[User:Kotniski|Kotniski]] ([[User talk:Kotniski|talk]]) 08:46, 1 April 2008 (UTC)
:There is a general problem that has reappeared in which the co-ordinates are cut by the horizontal rule at the top of the article. [[User:Keith D|Keith D]] ([[User talk:Keith D|talk]]) 18:09, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

:: Looking at random articles I'm seeing the horizontal rule running through the top of the globe, with the coordinates just below the line. Maybe a browser with a different font would have a problem with the coordinates. If I change the size of my browser's text then the globe is usually not skewered (I can't make Firefox clobber the coord text). Do you have any regional announcements appearing on your pages? I presently see no Wikipedia notices at the top. -- [[User:SEWilco|SEWilco]] ([[User talk:SEWilco|talk]]) 18:38, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

:::The problem appears to have disappeared today on articles I have accessed. [[User:Keith D|Keith D]] ([[User talk:Keith D|talk]]) 18:46, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

:: I'm still seeing the problem using Firefox, e.g. on [[Mount Pelion West]] --[[User:Ozhiker|Ozhiker]] ([[User talk:Ozhiker|talk]]) 20:49, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

:::Ditto, minus the Mount Pelion West bit. - [[User:Dudesleeper|Dudesleeper]] / [[User talk:Dudesleeper| Talk]] 21:32, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

: At the moment with Firefox I'm seeing the coordinates-over-line on [[Bathhouse Row]] {{tl|Infobox_nrhp}} and [[Spelle]] {{tl|Infobox Ort in Deutschland}} but not [[Hot Springs, Arkansas]] {{tl|Geolinks-US-cityscale}}. I note that the problem version seems to have a slightly smaller font being used for "Coordinates", which implies differences in templates or CSS. -- [[User:SEWilco|SEWilco]] ([[User talk:SEWilco|talk]]) 17:11, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

:: The two above with the problem are using infoboxes which call {{tl|coord}} with Degrees-Minutes-Seconds format; Hot Springs uses decimal degrees. Testing further. -- [[User:SEWilco|SEWilco]] ([[User talk:SEWilco|talk]]) 17:27, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

:::The coord template keeps emitting the same text. But add the table wrapping used in the infobox and I think the class triggers CSS code which changes the formatting. Invite the CSS people to look at it. -- [[User:SEWilco|SEWilco]] ([[User talk:SEWilco|talk]]) 17:55, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
<nowiki> {| class="infobox geography vcard"
|| Testing in a table
{{coord|1|30|00|N|93|30|00|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|}</nowiki>
<nowiki>{| class="infobox" style="width: {{{boxwidth|240px}}}; font-size: 90%;"
|| Testing in a table
{{coord|1|30|00|N|93|30|00|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|}
</nowiki>

Looks like it to me, that it depends on what includes {{tl|coord}}. The CSS that both use is equal, but the fontsize and lineheight that both use is different because of what they inherit from the table cell that includes the templates. Best suggestion here is to force a fontsize and lineheight in the CSS for the span with id "coordinates" (defined in Monobook.css). Be aware that changes to that file can take up to 30 days to propagate to all visitors, so make sure you get it good in the first go. (suggest setting it with style="" in that element before actually taking those CSS changes back to the main CSS file). I believe recently the lineheights for elements in the header were slightly tweaked, which may be the cause for these problems. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 18:34, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

:The problem is not only linked to infoboxes as it occurs on articles that do not use infoboxes. It occurs on articles just using {{tl|coor title dm}} e.g. [[Gatenby]]. [[User:Keith D|Keith D]] ([[User talk:Keith D|talk]]) 23:13, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

:Another template issue: {{tl|coor at dms}} like [[Shaker Heights, Ohio]] ... is this now a problem with more templates? Perhaps it has something to do with the hidden Wikimania 2008 banner as [[User:Martha Forsyth]] suggested below. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:08, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
:Just checked the template pages themselves, the title coordinates on each appear to run in the with title line. Note: I'm not showing the Wikimania 2008 banner. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:11, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

=== Observation/thought: ===
Just got a bit of possibly insight. Was looking at [[Paisley Caves]] and noticed the positioning was just fine....then decided to "hide" the notification about scholarships to Wikimania 2008 - BINGO! the correct positioning disappeared. I know nothing at all about how the position of the "coordinates" line is determined, but this suggests to me that the position is linked not to the Page Title, but to the (physical) top of the page. If the link could be fixed, perhaps these would "stay put"? What causes the "top of the page" to move up or down w respect to any announcements that might appear above it? Define the position of the coordinates the same way? —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 00:39, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

It's just wrong! Why not shove it a little down so that it doesn't happen? Even 5px would clear it and have it not interfere with other contents. How hard is that? Alternately, some parameter fields can be added to allow the editors to relocate it relative to its default position. I get shivers down my spine whenever I see that horizontal line cross the coordinates out. Yuck... ~[[User:Mistman123|RayLast]] «[[User talk:Mistman123|Talk!]]» 14:28, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

I just noticed that a little above this thread, at [[#Infoboxes]], [[52 Pickup]] suggests removing "the other" set of coordinates. But, e.g., at [[Shaker Heights, Ohio]] I can only FIND one place in which they're listed, and that's in Infobox Settlement. The ones that show up in the title line mysteriously appear, but I don't know why (have always assumed they're picking up on the coordinates given in the infobox). —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 19:06, 9 April 2008 (UTC)
:Confirmed, caused by the sitenotice. Under investigation. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 19:27, 9 April 2008 (UTC)
::The sitenotice was disabled by [[User:MZMcBride]], but this doesn't seem to help much. It's a strange case for sure... --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 19:45, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

: In response to the question about the [[Shaker Heights, Ohio]] article, "the other" set of coordinates is generated by: "<code><nowiki>Shaker Heights is located at {{coor at dms|41|28|35|N|81|33|6|W|city}}</nowiki></code>". The {{tl2|coor at dms}} template is equivalent to using {{tl2|coord}} with <code>display=inline,title</code>. If you change that to use {{tl2|coor dms}} it will only display the coordinates inline. -- [[User:Zyxw|Zyxw]] ([[User talk:Zyxw|talk]]) 00:39, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Things seem to be displaying better today, for me at least (was something changed?) - the coordinates at the top of the page are not cut through by the line. But they are below the line, in what looks like an indeterminate position, not visually related either to the page title, or "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". From a design point of view, I personally would be MUCH happier if the coordinates that appear at the top of a page (no matter what template puts them there) could be baseline-aligned with the page's title, in exactly the same way that [edit] appears, right-aligned, with section titles. Can that not be arranged, by some clever programmer? —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 17:03, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

:It seems a little better to me too but it still is not completely satisfactory. The coords are not crossed by the middle now but the little globe still intersects with the line. Has anyone found the cause? ~[[User:Mistman123|RayLast]] «[[User talk:Mistman123|Talk!]]» 21:10, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
::I think that's how it usually is. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 11:16, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

==== Further note ====
Please look at [[Paisley Caves]] - the only place I can find coordinates on that page is in <nowiki>{{Infobox Cave}}</nowiki>. Apparently putting coordinates in that infobox puts them on the page in TWO places. Maybe this is true elsewhere?? —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 17:12, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

:It is often true that coords in an infobox appear necessarily both in the title bar and the infobox. I have argued previously that an editor deserves the choice of either, neither or both, but met with opposition (from Andy Mabbett, now blocked). A skilled infoboxer ought to be able to offer a choice. [[User:Roundhouse0|-- roundhouse0]] ([[User talk:Roundhouse0|talk]]) 17:33, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

::If using {{tl|coor d}}, {{tl|coor dm}}, or {{tl|coor dms}} in the infobox, adding "at" in the middle will also give you title coordinates from the following templates: {{tl|coor at d}}, {{tl|coor at dm}}, or {{tl|coor at dms}}, which are in essence, are combinations of two templates. So: {{tl|coor d}} + {{tl|coor title d}} = {{tl|coor at d}}. I think that coordinates should be displayed both in the title bar and the article, to give us some standards, instead of having it not appear, or appear once. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:21, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

===Fixing the position===
Ok, I think everyone knows that the coord element is breaking just too fast. The primary reason is that it fixes its offset to the "top" as 3.5em. That makes it at least "scale" when people have a larger default fontsize than normal, but it is still problematic whenever {{tl|coord}} is included from a table that has "font-size: 90%" or something, or when additional elements are added above the line (such as sitenotice). There is really only one way to fix this, and that is by making sure that the the coordinates element is simply properly positioned within the flow of the DOM. It needs to BE in that corner instead being positioned towards that corner.

As such I think we should propose to add the following to [[MediaWiki:monobook.js]]:
<source lang="javascript">
addOnloadHook( function moveCoord() {
var coord_elem = document.getElementById( 'coordinates' );
if( coord_elem ) {
var ourcontent = document.getElementById( "bodyContent" );
if( ourcontent ) {
var tempelem = coord_elem.parentNode.removeChild( coord_elem );
tempelem.style.position = "relative";
tempelem.style.top = 0;
ourcontent.insertBefore( tempelem, ourcontent.firstChild );
}
}
});
</source>
This makes sure that the position is always just below the H1 header line. It makes sure that the fontsize of the elements is not dependent on the fontsize of the element that includes the coordinates, and it scales perfectly in all cases. If people do not have JS enabled, then the current behaviour will still be "good enough". --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 22:36, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
:For people who would like to test: add <code>importScript('User:TheDJ/movecoord.js');</code> to your [[Special:MyPage/monobook.js|monobook.js]]. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 22:55, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
::What about the other coordinates templates, like {{tl|coor d}}, {{tl|coor dm}}, {{tl|coor dms}}, {{tl|coor title d}}, {{tl|coor title dm}}, {{tl|coor title dms}}, {{tl|coor at d}}, {{tl|coor at dm}}, and {{tl|coor at dms}}. These were also having issues. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:24, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
:::These all use the same HTML. It doesn't matter what template you use, as long as it produces an HTML element with CSS id. "coordinates". --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 19:03, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
:I think I did the right thing: added <s><nowiki><code></nowiki></s>importScript('User:TheDJ/movecoord.js');<s><nowiki></code></nowiki></s> to my otherwise-empty monobook.js - but I'm not sure it made any difference. What am I looking for, in "testing" this? —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 23:45, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
::Check out [[Shaker Heights, Ohio]] for instance. Here the coordinates used to be "cut" by the header line. This was caused by it being included from a table cell with "font-size:90%". With this in your monobook, the coordinates should no longer be cut by the header, and should have the font-size that it is supposed to. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 01:01, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
:::It seems to be OK - the top of the little "show location on an interactive map" graphic very slightly intersects the line but the text is all below the line, and it's a smaller point size. I guess my "testing" should consist of letting you know if I ''do'' find a page that still looks wrong — right? —[[User:Martha Forsyth|Martha]] ([[User talk:Martha Forsyth|talk]]) 05:10, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
::::I think so. I imported the script are looking for pages. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 22:59, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
::::'''Here:''' Found a page: [[Poljane Grammar School]]. It still cuts is a bit close. Same with [[Gihtsejiegŋa]]. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 23:01, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
:::::'''Comment:''' Even with the script imported, [[Template:Infobox Glacier]] still cuts the coordinates closely. Same with [[Template:Infobox High School]] (ignore redirect), only if the title coordinates are based in the box. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 23:08, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
What browser are you using? Because I'm not seeing it on Safari 3 or Firefox 2.0 --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 01:34, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
:You didn't include it in your monobook properly. You added the <nowiki><code></nowiki> markup, which is just decorative styling and not intended to be included in your monobook.js --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 01:40, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
Now none of this is working. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:25, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

== Bug with some value and dms output ==

#<nowiki>{{coord|2.4333|-73.9667|format=dms}}</nowiki> actually display « 2° 25′ 60″ N 73° 58′ 00″ W » 60 seconds ? expected 2° 26' 00'' ({{coord|2.4333|-73.9667|format=dms}})
# more boring <nowiki>{{coord|2.433333333333|-73.9667|format=dms}}</nowiki> « 2° 25′ 00″ N 73° 58′ 00″ W » expected 2° 26' 00 ({{coord|2.433333333333|-73.9667|format=dms}})
- [[User Talk:Phe|phe]] 12:01, 11 April 2008 (UTC)
:Hm, that's funny. [[User:Spencer|Spencer]][[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 01:16, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
::Hmm, clearly a rounding error. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 19:25, 16 May 2008 (UTC)
:::OK, these are errors in the dec2dms scripts. Basically, there is no "carry" in the calculation like there [[Geographic_coordinate_conversion#Programmatical_conversion|should be]]. I don't really know how to do this in parserfunction code. I'm not sure if it is even possible. --[[User:TheDJ|TheDJ]] ([[User talk:TheDJ|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/TheDJ|contribs]]) 20:59, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

== Line wrapping ==

{{Infobox
| bodystyle = width:200px;
| above = Using <nowiki>{{coor dms}}</nowiki>
| label1 = Coordinates
| data1 = {{coor dms|58|40|36|N|156|38|57|W}}
}}
{{Infobox
| bodystyle = width:200px;
| above = Using <nowiki>{{coord}}</nowiki>
| label1 = Coordinates
| data1 = {{coord|58|40|36|N|156|38|57|W}}
}}
:''Note: The following details a bug that occurs in Internet Explorer 6, therefore users of other browsers may not see anything wrong in the following examples.''
The infoboxes to the right show how {{tl|Coor dms}} and {{tl|Coord}} wrap coordinates when they cannot fit on a single line. [[Template:Coor dms]] wraps at the space between the latitude and longitude. This was done back in 2006 (see [[Template talk:Coor dms/archive001#Line wrapping]]) with the addition of the following:
:<code><nowiki> {{{1}}}°{{{2}}}′{{{3}}}″{{{4}}}, {{{5}}}°{{{6}}}′{{{7}}}″{{{8}}} </nowiki></code>
[[Template:Coord/link]] (the output sub-template of [[Template:Coord]]) replaces that with:
:<code><nowiki> {{{dms-lat}}} {{{dms-long}}} </nowiki></code>
Since <code>.latitude</code> and <code>.longitude</code> are defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] as <code>white-space:nowrap;</code> one might expect both templates to wrap at the space. That is the case in Windows XP with the Firefox, Opera, and Safari browsers. However, when using Internet Explorer 6 the coordinates in the second infobox appear as:
:[[Image:Erioll world.svg|18px]]58°40′36″N 156°38′
:57″W
To ensure that the infobox or template [[CSS]] is not causing this problem, the following example uses the classes directly:
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Code:
| <code><nowiki> 58°40′36″N 156°38′57″W </nowiki></code>
|-
! Output:
| <div style="width:120px;"> 58°40′36″N 156°38′57″W </div>
|}
So, while it may seem redundant, the fix for IE6 is to add <code>style="white-space:nowrap"</code> after <code>class="latitude"</code> and <code>class="longitude"</code>:
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Code:
| <code><nowiki> 58°40′36″N 156°38′57″W </nowiki></code>
|-
! Output:
| <div style="width:120px;"> 58°40′36″N 156°38′57″W </div>
|}
Note that <code>class="latitude"</code> and <code>class="longitude"</code> cannot be removed because they are needed for the [[Geo microformat]] (as explained in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] and [[Template:Coord/link/doc]]). -- [[User:Zyxw|Zyxw]] ([[User talk:Zyxw|talk]]) 05:13, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

:{{[[Template:editprotected|editprotected]]}}
:To fix the bug described above, edit [[Template:Coord/link]] and make the following changes:
::Replace <code><nowiki> </nowiki></code>
::With <code><nowiki> </nowiki></code>
:and
::Replace <code><nowiki> </nowiki></code>
::With <code><nowiki> </nowiki></code>
:-- [[User:Zyxw|Zyxw]] ([[User talk:Zyxw|talk]]) 05:22, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

I think there's a better fix for this - looking into it now... --- [[User:RockMFR|RockMFR]] 05:38, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
:[{{fullurl:MediaWiki:Common.css|diff=214128166}} This should do it.] --- [[User:RockMFR|RockMFR]] 05:53, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
::That works. Thanks. -- [[User:Zyxw|Zyxw]] ([[User talk:Zyxw|talk]]) 06:31, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

==Category==
{{tlx|editprotected}}
Dear administrator, please add the category to this template:
<nowiki><noinclude>[[Category:Coord template]]</noinclude></nowiki>
Thank you in advance, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|talk]]) 23:08, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
:{{done}} but categories aren't often added to the templates themselves, but to the documentation, which is unprotected. Thanks, [[User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]] [[User talk:PeterSymonds|(talk)]] 23:12, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

==Category 2==
{{tlx|editprotected}}

Dear administrator, I apologize since I had not noticed that the discussion page was a redirect.
I wanted to add a category to {{tl|Coord/dec2dms/d}} by adding
<nowiki><noinclude>[[Category:Coord template]]</noinclude></nowiki>
I also suggest to make a change in the pages {{tl|Coord/input/dm}} and {{tl|Coord/input/dms}}.
It is the replacement of
<nowiki>{{coor dms2dec|</nowiki>
by
<nowiki>{{coord/dms2dec|</nowiki>
There are 2 occurrences on each template. The templates {{tl|coor dms2dec}} and {{tl|coord/dms2dec}} are equivalent, since the former is a redirection to the latter. However, the main one is {{tl|coord/dms2dec}}. A similar renaming was [{{fullurl:Template:Coord/input/d|diff=123960505&oldid=121128782}} already done] in {{tl|Coord/input/d}}.

Thank you very much in advance. Regards, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|talk]]) 00:30, 11 June 2008 (UTC)
:{{ep|d}} [[User:Happy-melon|'''Happy''']]‑[[User talk:Happy-melon|'''melon''']] 14:57, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

== Please clarify syntax ==

I think it would be useful to clarify some aspects of the syntax.

The [[Template:Coord]] page lists

{{tld|coord|latitude|longitude|coordinate parameters|template parameters}}

{{tld|coord|dd|N/S|dd|E/W|coordinate parameters|template parameters}}

{{tld|coord|dd|mm|N/S|dd|mm|E/W|coordinate parameters|template parameters}}

{{tld|coord|dd|mm|ss|N/S|dd|mm|ss|E/W|coordinate parameters|template parameters}}

As valid formats, but about 370 pages use

{{tld|coord|template parameters|dd|mm|ss|N/S|dd|mm|ss|E/W|coordinate parameters}}

And it seems to work. For example [[Saint-Jean-de-Matha, Quebec]]

Could someone in the know either clarify that this is legal or not legal. And perhaps include the clarificaion in the usage and/or examples section?

Also, should unused parameters be indicated by an empty field (||), or just left out completely.

There are about 45 articles with something like {{tld|coord|32|01||S|117|24||E|type:town|display=title}}
Note the missing seconds. It sort of works (displays '" with no number between see [[Quairading, Western Australia]]

Is this considered valid syntax? Either way, a clarification in the usage section might be useful.

Also, is it legal to have no geographic coordinates, just a type?

Clementine

2008-06-03T05:36:52Z

24.5.188.87: correct for grammar.

{{Otheruses}}

[[Image:Clementines whole, peeled, half and sectioned.jpg|thumb|Five Clementines whole, peeled, halved and sectioned.]]
A '''Clementine''' is the [[fruit]] of a variety of [[Mandarin orange|mandarin]] (''Citrus reticulata''), named in [[1902]]. This fruit is a variably formed [[citrus]] ranging from slightly [[oblate]] through [[globose]] to [[:wiktionary:oblong#Adjective|oblong]] and sometimes broadly [[wiktionary:pyriform#Adjective|pyriform]] from development of neck or collar, as well as variably sized, ranging from medium-small to medium. The rind is of medium thickness; moderately firm, but easily peelable and does not puff until well after maturity. Smooth and glossy surface of colour deep orange to reddish-orange. The flesh is a deep orange colour, and is described as tender and melting with a sweet flavour. Typically there are 8 to 12 juicy segments.<ref name='UC'>
{{cite web
| url = http://lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html#clementine
| title = Horticultural Varieties of Citrus, Clementine (Algerian)
| accessdate = 2007-12-19
| author = Robert Willard Hodgson, University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences
| authorlink = University of California
| year = 1967
| format = HTML
| work = The Citrus Industry
}} </ref>

The Clementine is not always distinguished from other varieties of mandarin: in German and Russian, it is generally referred to as "Mandarine". However, it should not be confused with similar fruit such as the [[satsuma (fruit)|satsuma]], which is another name for the Japanese [[mikan]], and is another popular variety. The clementine is occasionally referred to as ''Algerian tangerine''.<ref>{{cite web | title = A mandarin by any other name would taste as sweet | author = Cindy Fake | work = The Curious Gardener | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | date = winter 2005 | pages = 4 | url = http://ceplacer.ucdavis.edu/newsletterfiles/Curious_Gardener6093.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Morton">
{{cite book
| last = Morton, J.
| first = Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University
| authorlink = Purdue University
| title = Fruits of Warm Climates
| url = http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/index.html
| format = HTML
| accessdate = 2007-12-19
| year = 1987
| publisher = Julia F. Morton
| location = Miami, FL.
| isbn = 0-9610184-1-0
| pages = p. 142–145
| chapter = Mandarin Orange Class II, Tangerine: '''Clementine'''
| chapterurl = http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mandarin_orange.html
}}
</ref>

As with all fruit, the word "Clementine" can also refer to the tree which is known to be medium in vigour and size, almost thornless and a shy bearer.<ref name="Morton"/>

Known for its low total heat requirement for fruit maturity and the sensitivity of the seedless fruit to unfavorable conditions during the flowering and fruit-setting period; in regions of high total heat, the Clementine matures very early—only slightly later than the satsuma mandarins. Such regions also favour production of fruit of maximum size and best eating quality. As a consequence, Clementine is without doubt the best early variety in the Mediterranean basin, particularly in [[North Africa]], and in other regions of similar climate.<ref name='UC'/>

[[Morocco|Moroccan]] growers have established three export categories for this variety—seedless Clementines, Clementines (maximum of 10 seeds), and Monreal (more than 10 seeds).<ref name='UC'/>

==History==
[[Image:clementinepeeled.jpg|thumb|Clementines are generally easier to peel than oranges.]]

{{nutritionalvalue|right=1| name = Clementines | kJ=198 | water=86.58 g | protein=0.85 g | fat=0.15 g | carbs = 12.02 g | fibre = 1.7 g | sugars=9.18 g | sucrose=5.96 g | glucose=1.59 g | fructose=1.64 g | calcium_mg=30 | iron_mg=0.14 | magnesium_mg=10 | phosphorus_mg=21 | potassium_mg =177 | sodium_mg=1 | zinc_mg=0.06 | copper_mg=0.043 | manganese_mg=0.023 | selenium_ug=0.1 | vitC_mg=48.8 | thiamin_mg=0.086 | riboflavin_mg=0.030 | niacin_mg=0.636 | pantothenic_mg=0.151 | vitB6_mg=0.075 | folate_ug=24 | choline_mg=14 | vitE_mg=0.20 | source_usda=1}}

The traditional story is that it was "originally an accidental [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] said to have been discovered by Father [[Clément Rodier]] in the garden of his orphanage in [[Misserghin]], Algeria."<ref name='etymonline'>{{cite web
| url = http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=clementine
| title = search clementine
| accessdate = 2007-12-19
| author = Online Etymology Dictionary
| authorlink = Online Etymology Dictionary
| year = 2001
| month = November
| format = HTML
| publisher = Douglas Harper
}}</ref> Clément then raised the tree and gave it the name "clementino".<ref name="ProducePete">{{cite episode
| title = [http://www.producepete.com/shows/clementines.html Clementines]
| series = [http://www.producepete.com/shows/wnbc_index.html Produce Pete]
| airdate = 2007-11-24}}</ref>
However, there are claims it originated in China much earlier. James Saunt writes: "Some authorities believe it is virtually identical to the variety known as the Canton mandarin widely grown in Guangxi and Guangdong Provinces in China." In Arabic, it is called "Shaifhirboush".<ref name='Saunt'>
{{cite book
| last = Saunt
| first = James
| title = Citrus Varieties of the World
| accessdate = 2007-02-20
| edition = 2nd
| year = 2000
| publisher = Sinclair International
| isbn = 1-87296-001-4
}}</ref> Likewise, the Japanese botanist Tanaka also thinks that clementines first originated somewhere in Asia.<ref name="ProducePete" />

Commercial Clementine production in [[Spain]] began in [[1925]].<ref name='FAF'>{{cite web
| url = http://www.factsaboutfruit.com/Clementine.html
| title = Clementine
| accessdate = 2007-12-19
| format = HTML
| work = Fruit
| publisher = [http://www.factsaboutfruit.com/index.html Facts About Fruit]
}}
</ref>

The Clementine variety was introduced into the United States in [[1909]] and brought to California from Florida in [[1914]] by H. S. Fawcett of the Citrus Research Center at the [[University of California, Riverside]]. Evidently another independent introduction was made, since the [[1914]]–[[1915|15]] catalogue of the Fancher Creek Nurseries of [[Fresno, California]], mentions a new early mandarin from Algeria which later proved to be indistinguishable from Clementine. <ref name='UC'/>

At least two clones of Clementine are known to exist in [[North Africa]]—the "common ordinary" and the "Monreal". While the two are indistinguishable with respect to the tree, and virtually so for the fruit, the common ordinary exhibits [[Self-incompatibility in plants|self-incompatibility]], and hence the fruit is [[Seedless fruit|seedless]] or nearly so in the absence of [[Fruit_tree_pollination#Citrus|cross-pollination]] causing less regularity and certainty of fruit production under unfavorable conditions of climate or orchard management. The Monreal clone, which was found in [[1940]] in the orchard of Vincent Monreal at Perregaux, [[Oran]], is self-compatible and without cross-pollination the fruit is regularly seedy. In both Morocco and Spain, seedless Monreal clones have been reported, but thus far they have not demonstrated superiority over the ordinary clone.<ref name='UC'/>
[[Image:Barcelonaspain 059.jpg|thumb|left|Clemetines in the Parc de la Ciutadella in Barcelona, Spain.]]
Being [[monoembryonic]], Clementine is especially suitable as the seed parent for breeding purposes. According to the [[United States Department of Agriculture|U.S. Department of Agriculture]], Clementine is the [[Biological dispersal|seed parent]] for a number of mandarin-[[tangelo]] hybrids—[[Fairchild tangerine|Fairchild]], Lee, Nova, Osceola, Page, and Robinson. Clementine is also one of the parents of the Clement tangelo and the Fortune and Fremont mandarins. <ref name='UC'/>

Clementines, usually grown in [[Morocco]] and Spain, have been available in Europe for many years. A market for them in the United States was created recently, when the harsh [[1997]] winter in [[Florida]] devastated domestic [[Orange (fruit)|orange]] production, increasing prices and decreasing availability. <ref name='ers-usda'>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/mar1997/ao238f.pdf
| title = Florida Freeze Reducing Supplies Of Fresh Vegetables
| accessdate = 2007-12-19
| author = United States Department of Agriculture
| authorlink = United States Department of Agriculture
| year = 1997
| month = 03
| format = PDF
| work = Agricultural Outlook
| publisher = Economic Research Service
| pages = pg. 9
}}
</ref>
California Clementines are available from mid-November through January; this availability has them referred to in some areas as "Christmas Oranges".{{Fact|date=December 2007}}

Due to the fact that these fruits lose their desirable seedless characteristic when bees [[cross-pollination|cross-pollinate]] them with other fruit,<ref name='UC'/> large growers such as [[Paramount Citrus]] in California threatened to sue local [[beekeeper]]s in early [[2006]] for their bees' trespass into clementine crop land.<ref name='Fresno Bee'>
{{cite news
|last= [[The Fresno Bee]]
|first=Jeff St. John
|url=http://www.fresnobee.com/170/story/18551.html |title=Peace evasive between beekeepers, growers
|publisher=[http://www.fresnobee.com/ The Fresno Bee]
|date=2006-12-13
|accessdate=2006-12-25}}</ref>
Clementines are typically shipped in small wooden or cardboard [[crate]]s.

== Nutrition ==
Clementines are high in [[Vitamin C]], [[potassium]], [[thiamin]], and [[niacin]]. They are also a good source of [[fiber]] and contain very little [[fat]].<ref name='wisegeek'>{{cite web
| url = http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-clementine.htm
| title = What Is a Clementine?
| accessdate = 2007-12-19
| author = S. N. Smith
| year = 2007
| format = HTML
| publisher = [http://www.wisegeek.com/ wiseGEEK]}}</ref>

== See also ==
[[Image:Clementines.jpg|thumb|Box of Clementines with hand for size reference.]]
* [[Tangerine]]
* [[Satsuma (fruit)|Satsuma]]
* [[Mikan]]
* [[Fairchild tangerine]]
* [[Tangelo]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{cite web
| url = http://www.ams.usda.gov/standards/tangerin.pdf
| title = Quality Standards of Tangarines
| accessdate = 2007-12-20
| author = Agricultural Marketing Service, United States Department of Agriculture
| authorlink = United States Department of Agriculture
| date = 1999-12-27
| year = effective December 27, 1999 (PDF)
| format = PDF
}}
*{{cite journal
| last = Lively
| first = Ruth
| title = Clementines: Not just for snacking
| journal = Fine Cooking
| issue =82
| pages = pp. 20-21
| publisher = The Taunton Press of Newtown, Conn.
| accessdate = 2007-12-19}}
*{{cite web
| url = http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/timeline/citrus.htm
| title = More And Better Citrus
| accessdate = 2007-12-20
| author = Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture
| authorlink = United States Department of Agriculture
| date = 2006-03-02
| format = HTML
}}

[[Category:Citrus]]
[[Category:Agriculture in California]]
[[Category:1902 introductions]]

[[ca:Clementina]]
[[de:Clementine (Citrus clementina)]]
[[es:Clementina (fruta)]]
[[fr:Clémentine]]
[[it:Clementine]]
[[he:קלמנטינה]]
[[nl:Clementine]]
[[no:Klementin]]
[[ru:Клементин]]
[[sv:Clementin]]