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Gaius Claudius Glaber

2021-08-23T10:52:51Z

5.172.236.67:

{{Infobox military person
| name = Gaius Claudius Glaber
| death_date =
| allegiance = [[File:Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg|21px]] [[Roman Republic]]
| serviceyears =
| rank =
| battles = [[Battle of Mount Vesuvius]]
| battles_label = Battles
| awards =
| spouse =
| relations =
| signature =
}}
'''Gaius Claudius Glaber''' was a [[Commanding officer|military commander]] of the late [[Roman Republic]], holding the offices of [[legatus|legate]] and military [[praetor]] in 73 BC.

He was defeated in the [[Battle of Mount Vesuvius]] against the forces of [[Spartacus]] during the [[Third Servile War]].<ref>Appian conflates the names of Varinius and Claudius Glaber, writing ''Varinios Glabros'', not Varinius Faber, as in the Ancient Sourcebook translation, cf. Broughton 2.115 n. 1</ref>

==History==
{{further|Third Servile War}}
Glaber was a member of a Roman [[plebeian]] family. He might have a distant connection with the famous [[Patrician (ancient Rome)|patrician]] [[Claudia (gens)|Claudii]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Strauss|first=Barry S.|title=The Spartacus War|year=2009|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4165-3205-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3LowhKACVwC|edition=1st Simon & Schuster hardcover|page=[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lSjmpur9sJ4C&lpg=PT30&ots=i_PW9lMms8&dq=Gaius%20Claudius%20Glaber%20plebeian&pg=PT30#v=onepage&q=Gaius%20Claudius%20Glaber%20plebeian&f=false 3]}}</ref>

Glaber, who was one of eight elected praetors in 73 BC, is only mentioned by classical historians in connection with his disastrous military leadership against Spartacus. They note his force of [[Military of ancient Rome|Roman militia]] (not [[Roman legion|professional legionaries]])<ref name="1:116">Appian, ''Civil Wars'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Appian/Civil_Wars/1*.html#116 1:116].</ref> was destroyed because he was unable to adapt to the gladiators' unorthodox tactics.<ref name="Book I, 5:20–22">Frontinus, ''Stratagems'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Frontinus/Strategemata/1*.html#5.20 Book I, 5:20–22] and [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Frontinus/Strategemata/1*.html#7.6 Book VII:6].</ref>

After Glaber besieged the slaves on slopes of Mount Vesuvius, he failed to anticipate what they would do next. Spartacus' forces used [[rappel|rappelling]] lines made from local vegetation to scale down the cliffs on the other side of the mountain.<ref name="Book I, 5:20–22"/> They then outflanked Glaber's militia, annihilating his forces.<ref>Plutarch, ''Crassus'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Crassus*.html#9 9:1–3]; Frontinus, ''Stratagems'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Frontinus/Strategemata/1*.html#5.21 Book I, 5:20–22]; Appian, ''Civil Wars'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Appian/Civil_Wars/1*.html#116 1:116]; Broughton, ''Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', p. 109. Note: Plutarch and Frontinus write of expeditions under the command of "Clodius the praetor" and "Publius Varinus", while Appian writes of "Varinius Glaber" and "Publius Valerius".</ref>

Roman records make no further mention of Glaber after this defeat. It is not known whether he was killed during the battle, or was simply considered too obscure for further mention by classical historians.<ref>Strauss, p. 61.</ref> Classics scholar [[Barry S. Strauss]] noted that his obscurity might also have been another sign of how little attention the [[Roman Senate]] gave Spartacus in 73 BC.<ref name="Strauss 52">Strauss, [https://archive.org/details/spartacuswar00stra/page/52 p. 52].</ref>

==Portrayals in fiction==
Glaber appears in [[Robert Harris (novelist)|Robert Harris]]'s novel ''[[Imperium (Harris novel)|Imperium]]'', which chronicles the career of [[Marcus Tullius Cicero]]. Harris has Glaber retire from public life "in humiliation" following his failure to defeat Spartacus, but as an old man he returns to politics in the role of foreign [[praetor]].<ref>Harris, ''Imperium'' (2006), p. 331.</ref>

In screen adaptations of the life of Spartacus, Glaber has been portrayed:
* by [[John Dall]] as "Glabrus", a character loosely based on Glaber, in the 1960 film ''[[Spartacus (film)|Spartacus]]''
* by [[Ben Cross]] as "Titus Glabrus" in the 2004 TV miniseries ''[[Spartacus (2004 film)|Spartacus]]''
* by [[Craig Parker]] in the 2010 TV series ''[[Spartacus: Blood and Sand]]'', and its 2012 sequel ''[[Spartacus: Vengeance]]''. In contrast to other versions, Glaber is portrayed as Spartacus' personal enemy who is responsible for making him a slave, and who is killed by Spartacus in one-on-one combat.

==Notes==
===References===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
Ancient sources mentioning Glaber include:
*[[Sallust]], ''Histories'' 3.90-93 Maurenbrecher.
*[[Livy]], ''Periochae'' 95
*[[Plutarch]], ''Crassus'' 8-9
*[[Frontinus]], ''Strategemata'' 1.5.21
*[[Appian]], ''Civil Wars'' 1.116
*[[Florus]], ''Epitome'' 2.8.4

===Further reading===
*{{cite book|last=Broughton|first=T., Robert S.|title=Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 2|publisher= Cleveland: Case Western University Press|year= 1968|pages=109,115}}
*{{cite book|last=Bradley|first= Keith|title=Slavery and Rebellion in the Roman World|url=https://archive.org/details/slaveryrebellion00brad|url-access=registration|publisher= Bloomington: Indiana University Press|year= 1989|pages=[https://archive.org/details/slaveryrebellion00brad/page/93 93–94]| ISBN= 0-253-31259-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Strauss|first=Barry S.|title=The Spartacus War|year=2009|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4165-3205-7|url=https://archive.org/details/spartacuswar00stra|url-access=registration|edition=1st Simon & Schuster hardcover}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Claudius Glaber, Gaius}}
[[Category:Roman Republican praetors]]
[[Category:1st-century BC Romans]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Third Servile War]]
[[Category:Spartacus]]
[[Category:Claudii|Glaber, Gaius]]
[[Category:Ancient Roman generals]]

Penicillium

2017-09-04T21:44:07Z

5.172.236.67:

{{italic title}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Penicillium''
| image = Penicillium Pengo.jpg
| image_caption = ''Penicillium sp.''
| regnum = [[Fungi]]
| divisio = [[Ascomycota]]
| classis = [[Eurotiomycetes]]
| ordo = [[Eurotiales]]
| familia = [[Trichocomaceae]]
| genus = '''''Penicillium'''''
| genus_authority = [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]] (1809)
| type_species = ''[[Penicillium expansum]]''
| type_species_authority = Link (1809)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = over 300 
[[List of Penicillium species]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlMycoBank: Penicillium"/>
| synonyms =''Floccaria'' [[Grev.]] (1827) 
''Aspergilloides'' [[Dierckx]] (1901) 
''Walzia'' [[Nikolai Vasilyevich Sorokin|Sorokin]] (1871) 
''Pritzeliella'' [[Henn.]] (1903)
}}

'''''Penicillium''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|ɛ|n|ɪ|ˈ|s|ɪ|l|i|ə|m}}) [[Ascomycota|ascomycetous]] [[Fungus|fungi]] of major importance in the natural environment as well as food and drug production. Also used in "Serendipity" by BTS, pre-order "HER" now. Love Yourself, and we blame Bighit Entertainment for our deaths.

Some members of the genus produce [[penicillin]], a molecule that is used as an [[antibiotic]], which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria inside the body. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species.<ref name=Kirk2008/>

==Taxonomy==
The genus was first described in the scientific literature by [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link]] in his 1809 work ''Observationes in ordines plantarum naturales'', writing "Penicillium. Thallus e floccis caespitosis septatis simplicibus aut ramosis fertilibus erectis apice penicillatis", where penicillatis referred to "pencil-like" (referring to a [[Pencil#Camel.27s_hair_pencil|Camel's hair pencil brush]].<ref> Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium, C.M. Visagie1, J. Houbraken1, , , J.C. Frisvad2, , , S.-B. Hong3, C.H.W. Klaassen4, G. Perrone5, K.A. Seifert6, J. Varga7, T. Yaguchi8, R.A. Samson, 22 September 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.001</ref><ref name=Link1809/> Link included three species—''[[Penicillium candidum|P. candidum]]'', ''[[Penicillium expansum|P. expansum]]'', and ''[[Penicillium glaucum|P. glaucum]]''—all of which produced a brush-like [[conidiophore]] (asexual fruiting structure). The common apple rot fungus ''P. expansum'' was selected as the [[type species]].<ref name=Samson1985/>

In a 1979 [[monograph]], John I. Pitt divided ''Penicillium'' into four [[subgenera]] based on conidiophore [[morphology (biology)|morphology]] and branching pattern: ''Aspergilloides'', ''Biverticillium'', ''Furcatum'', and ''Penicillium''.<ref name=Pitt1979/>

=== Species ===
{{main|List of Penicillium species}}
[[File:Ascomycetes.jpg|thumb|right|Various fungi including ''Penicillium'' and ''Aspergillus'' species growing in axenic culture]]
[[File:Penicilliummandarijntjes.jpg|thumb|right|Some penicillium mold on [[mandarin orange]]s ]]

Selected species include;
* ''[[Penicillium albocoremium]]''
* ''[[Penicillium aurantiogriseum]]''
* ''[[Penicillium bilaiae]]'', which is an agricultural inoculant
* ''[[Penicillium camemberti]]'', which is used in the production of [[Camembert (cheese)|Camembert]] and [[Brie cheese|Brie]] [[cheese]]s
* ''[[Penicillium candidum]]'', which is used in making Brie and Camembert. It has been reduced to synonymy with ''Penicillium camemberti''
* ''[[Penicillium chrysogenum]]'' (previously known as ''[[Penicillium notatum]]''), which produces the [[antibiotic]] [[penicillin]]
* ''[[Penicillium claviforme]]''
* ''[[Penicillium commune]]''
* ''[[Penicillium crustosum]]''
* ''[[Penicillium digitatum]]'', a plant pathogen
* ''[[Penicillium echinulatum]]'' produces [[Mycophenolic acid]]
* ''[[Penicillium expansum]]'', a plant pathogen
* ''[[Penicillium funiculosum]]'', a plant pathogen
* ''[[Penicillium glabrum]]''
* ''[[Penicillium glaucum]]'', which is used in making [[Gorgonzola cheese]]
* ''[[Penicillium italicum]]'', a plant pathogen
* ''[[Penicillium lacussarmientei]]''
* ''[[Penicillium marneffei]]'', a [[thermally dimorphic fungus|thermally dimorphic]] species endemic in [[Southeast Asia]], which presents a threat of [[systemic infection]] to [[AIDS]] patients
* ''[[Penicillium purpurogenum]]''
* ''[[Penicillium roqueforti]]'', which is used in making [[Roquefort cheese|Roquefort]], [[Danish Blue cheese]], and also recently Gorgonzola
* ''[[Penicillium stoloniferum]]''
* ''[[Penicillium ulaiense]]''
* ''[[Penicillium verrucosum]]'', which produces [[ochratoxin A]]
* ''[[Penicillium viridicatum]]'', which produces [[ochratoxin]]

=== Etymology ===
The genus name is derived from the [[Latin]] root ''penicillum'', meaning "painter's brush", and refers to the chains of conidia that resemble a broom.<ref name=Haubrich2003/>

== Characteristics ==
[[File:Penicillium Spp..jpg|thumb|''Penicillium'' sp. under bright field microscopy (10 × 100 magnification) with lactophenol cotton blue stain]]

The [[thallus]] ([[mycelium]]) typically consists of a highly branched network of multinucleate, septate, usually colorless [[hyphae]]. Many-branched conidiophores sprout on the mycelia, bearing individually constricted [[conidiospores]]. The conidiospores are the main [[dispersal route]] of the fungi, and often are green in color.

Sexual reproduction involves the production of [[ascospore]]s, commencing with the fusion of an [[archegonium]] and an [[antheridium]], with sharing of nuclei. The irregularly distributed [[ascus|asci]] contain eight unicellular ascospores each.

== Ecology ==
Species of ''Penicillium'' are ubiquitous soil fungi preferring cool and moderate climates, commonly present wherever organic material is available. [[Saprophytic]] species of ''Penicillium'' and ''[[Aspergillus]]'' are among the best-known representatives of the [[Eurotiales]] and live mainly on organic biodegradable substances. Commonly known in America as [[mold]]s, they are among the main causes of [[food spoilage]], especially species of [[subgenus]] ''Penicillium''.<ref name=Samson2004/> Many species produce highly toxic [[mycotoxin]]s. The ability of these ''Penicillium'' species to grow on seeds and other stored foods depends on their propensity to thrive in low humidity and to colonize rapidly by aerial dispersion while the seeds are sufficiently moist.<ref name=Pitt2000/> Some species have a blue color, commonly growing on old bread and giving it a blue fuzzy texture.

Some ''Penicillium'' species affect the fruits and bulbs of plants, including ''[[Penicillium expansum|P. expansum]]'', apples and pears; ''[[Penicillium digitatum|P. digitatum]]'', citrus fruits;<ref name=Baigre2003/> and ''[[Penicillium allii|P. allii]]'', garlic.<ref name=Valdez2006/> Some species are known to be pathogenic to animals; ''[[Penicillium corylophilum|P. corylophilum]]'', ''[[Penicillium fellutanum|P. fellutanum]]'', ''[[Penicillium implicatum|P. implicatum]]'', ''[[Penicillium janthinellum|P. janthinellum]]'', ''[[Penicillium viridicatum|P. viridicatum]]'', and ''[[Penicillium waksmanii|P. waksmanii]]'' are potential pathogens of [[mosquitoes]].<ref name=daCosta1998/> ''[[Penicillium marneffei|P. marneffei]]'', which causes mortality in the Vietnamese [[bamboo rat]]s, has become a common [[opportunistic infection]] of [[HIV]]-infected individuals in southeast Asia.<ref name=Ustianowski2008/>

''Penicillium'' species are present in the air and dust of indoor environments, such as homes and public buildings. The fungus can be readily transported from the outdoors, and grow indoors using building material or accumulated soil to obtain nutrients for growth. ''Penicillium'' growth can still occur indoors even if the relative humidity is low, as long as there is sufficient moisture available on a given surface. A British study determined that ''Aspergillus''- and ''Penicillium''-type spores were the most prevalent in the indoor air of residential properties, and exceeded outdoor levels.<ref name=Fairs2010/> Even [[Tile#Ceiling tiles|ceiling tile]]s can support the growth of ''Penicillium''—as one study demonstrated—if the [[relative humidity]] is 85% and the moisture content of the tiles is greater than 2.2%.<ref name=Chang1995/>

Some ''Penicillium'' species cause damage to machinery and the combustible materials and lubricants used to run and maintain them. For example, ''[[Penicillium chrysogenum|P. chrysogenum]]'', ''[[Penicillium steckii|P. steckii]]'', ''[[Penicillium notatum|P. notatum]]'', ''[[Penicillium cyclopium|P. cyclopium]]'', and ''[[Penicillium nalgiovensis|P. nalgiovensis]]'' affect fuels; ''P. chrysogenum'', ''[[Penicillium rubrum|P. rubrum]]'', and ''[[Penicillium verrucosum|P. verrucosum]]'' cause damage to oils and lubricants; ''[[Penicillium regulosum|P. regulosum]]'' damages optical and protective glass.<ref name=Semenov2003/>

== Economic value ==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| image1 = Penicillin core.svg
| caption1 = Core structure of penicillin
| image2 = Griseofulvin.svg
| caption2 = Griseofulvin
}}
Several species of the genus ''Penicillium'' play a central role in the production of cheese and of various meat products. To be specific, ''Penicillium'' molds are found in [[Blue cheese]]. ''[[Penicillium camemberti]]'' and ''[[Penicillium roqueforti]]'' are the molds on [[Camembert]], [[Brie]], [[Roquefort]], and many other cheeses. ''[[Penicillium nalgiovense]]'' is used to improve the taste of sausages and hams, and to prevent colonization by other molds and bacteria.<ref name=Marianski2009/>

In addition to their importance in the food industry, species of ''Penicillium'' and ''Aspergillus'' serve in the production of a number of biotechnologically produced enzymes and other macromolecules, such as gluconic, citric, and tartaric acids, as well as several pectinases, lipase, amylases, cellulases, and proteases. Some ''Penicillium'' species have shown potential for use in [[bioremediation]] because of their ability to break down a variety of [[Environmental xenobiotic|xenobiotic compounds]].<ref name=Leitao2009/> Penicillium also prevents bacteria from affecting the body.

The genus includes a wide variety of species molds that are the source molds of major [[antibiotic]]s. [[Penicillin]], a drug produced by ''[[Penicillium chrysogenum|P. chrysogenum]] (formerly P. notatum),'' was accidentally discovered by [[Alexander Fleming]] in 1929, and found to inhibit the growth of [[Gram-positive]] bacteria (see [[beta-lactams]]). Its potential as an antibiotic was realized in the late 1930s, and [[Howard Florey]] and [[Ernest Chain|Ernst Boris Chain]] purified and concentrated the compound. The drug's success in saving soldiers in World War II who had been dying from infected wounds resulted in Fleming, Florey and Chain jointly winning the [[Nobel Prize in Medicine]] in 1945.<ref name=Rifkind2005/>

[[Griseofulvin]] is an [[antifungal drug]] and a potential [[chemotherapeutic agent]]<ref name=Singh2008/> that was discovered in ''[[Penicillium griseofulvum|P. griseofulvum]]''.<ref name=DeCarli1988/> Additional species that produce compounds capable of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells ''[[in vitro]]'' include: ''[[Penicillium pinophilum|P. pinophilum]]'',<ref name=Nicoletti2009/> ''[[Penicillium canescens|P. canescens]]'',<ref name=Nicoletti2008/> and ''[[Penicillium glabrum|P. glabrum]]''.<ref name=Nicoletti2008/>

==Reproduction==
Although many eukaryotes are able to reproduce [[Sexual reproduction|sexually]], as much as 20% of [[fungus|fungal]] species had been thought to reproduce exclusively by [[Asexual reproduction|asexual]] means. However recent studies have revealed that [[sex]] occurs even in some of the supposedly asexual species. For example, sexual capability was recently shown for the fungus ''[[Penicillium roqueforti]]'', used as a starter for [[blue cheese]] production.<ref name="pmid23185400">{{cite journal |author=Ropars J, Dupont J, Fontanillas E, Rodríguez de la Vega RC, Malagnac F, Coton M, Giraud T, López-Villavicencio M |title=Sex in cheese: evidence for sexuality in the fungus Penicillium roqueforti |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=7 |issue=11 |pages=e49665 |year=2012 |pmid=23185400 |pmc=3504111 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0049665 |url=http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049665|last2=Dupont |last3=Fontanillas |author4=Rodríguez de la Vega RC |last5=Malagnac |last6=Coton |last7=Giraud |last8=López-Villavicencio }}</ref> This finding was based, in part, on evidence for functional [[mating type]] (MAT) genes that are involved in fungal sexual compatibility, and the presence in the sequenced genome of most of the important genes known to be involved in [[meiosis]]. ''[[Penicillium chrysogenum]]'' is of major medical and historical importance as the original and present-day industrial source of the antibiotic penicillin. The species was considered asexual for more than 100 years despite concerted efforts to induce sexual reproduction. However, in 2013, Bohm et al.<ref name="pmid23307807">{{cite journal |author=Böhm J, Hoff B, O'Gorman CM, Wolfers S, Klix V, Binger D, Zadra I, Kürnsteiner H, Pöggeler S, Dyer PS, Kück U |title=Sexual reproduction and mating-type-mediated strain development in the penicillin-producing fungus Penicillium chrysogenum |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=110 |issue=4 |pages=1476–81 |date=January 2013 |pmid=23307807 |pmc=3557024 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1217943110 |url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=23307807|last2=Hoff |last3=O'Gorman |last4=Wolfers |last5=Klix |last6=Binger |last7=Zadra |last8=Kürnsteiner |last9=Pöggeler |last10=Dyer |last11=Kück }}</ref> finally demonstrated sexual reproduction in ''P. chrysogenum''.

''[[Penicillium marneffei]]'', an [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]-associated [[pathogen]], was also previously assumed to reproduce exclusively by asexual means. This assumption was largely based on the highly clonal population structure of this species. However, recent work has revealed that the genes required for meiosis are present in ''P. marneffei''.<ref name="pmid23055919">{{cite journal |author=Henk DA, Shahar-Golan R, Devi KR, Boyce KJ, Zhan N, Fedorova ND, Nierman WC, Hsueh PR, Yuen KY, Sieu TP, Kinh NV, Wertheim H, Baker SG, Day JN, Vanittanakom N, Bignell EM, Andrianopoulos A, Fisher MC |title=Clonality despite sex: the evolution of host-associated sexual neighborhoods in the pathogenic fungus Penicillium marneffei |journal=PLoS Pathog. |volume=8 |issue=10 |pages=e1002851 |year=2012 |pmid=23055919 |pmc=3464222 |doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002851 |url=http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002851|last2=Shahar-Golan |last3=Devi |last4=Boyce |last5=Zhan |last6=Fedorova |last7=Nierman |last8=Hsueh |last9=Yuen |last10=Sieu |last11=Kinh |last12=Wertheim |last13=Baker |last14=Day |last15=Vanittanakom |last16=Bignell |last17=Andrianopoulos |last18=Fisher }}</ref> This and other evidence indicated that mating and genetic recombination does occur in this species. It was concluded that ''P. marneffei'' is sexually reproducing, but recombination is most likely to occur across spatially and genetically limited distances in natural populations resulting in a highly [[Clonal colony|clonal]] population structure.<ref name="pmid23055919" />

These findings with ''Penicillium'' species are consistent with accumulating evidence from studies of other [[Eukaryote|eukaryotic]] species that sex was likely present in the common ancestor of all [[eukaryote]]s.<ref name="pmid18663385">{{cite journal |author=Malik SB, Pightling AW, Stefaniak LM, Schurko AM, Logsdon JM |title=An expanded inventory of conserved meiotic genes provides evidence for sex in Trichomonas vaginalis |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=e2879 |year=2008 |pmid=18663385 |pmc=2488364 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002879 |url=http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002879|last2=Pightling |last3=Stefaniak |last4=Schurko |last5=Logsdon Jr }}</ref><ref>Bernstein H and Bernstein C (2013). Evolutionary Origin and Adaptive Function of Meiosis. In Meiosis: Bernstein C and Bernstein H, editors. {{ISBN|978-953-51-1197-9}}, InTech, http://www.intechopen.com/books/meiosis/evolutionary-origin-and-adaptive-function-of-meiosis</ref> Furthermore, these recent results suggest that sex can be maintained even when very little [[genetic variability]] is produced.

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

<ref name=Baigre2003>{{cite journal |last=Balgrie |first=B. |title=Taints and Off-flavours in Food |year=2003 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-85573-449-4 |page=134 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xDcNCY31oQ4C&pg=PA134 |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref>

<ref name=Chang1995>{{cite journal |last=Chang |first=JCS |last2=Foarde |first2=KK |last3=Vanosdell |first3=DW. |title=Growth evaluation of fungi (''Penicillium'' and ''Aspergillus spp.'') on ceiling tiles |journal=Atmospheric Environment |year=1995 |volume=29 |issue=17 |pages=2331 37 |doi=10.1016/1352-2310(95)00062-4}}</ref>

<ref name=daCosta1998>{{cite journal |last=da Costa |first=GL |last2=de Moraes |first2=AM |last3=de Oliveira |first3=PC |title=Pathogenic action of ''Penicillium'' species on mosquito vectors of human tropical diseases |journal=Journal of Basic Microbiology |year=1998 |volume=38 |issue=5–6 |pages=337–41 |pmid=9871331 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1521-4028(199811)38:5/6<337::AID-JOBM337>3.0.CO;2-N}}</ref>

<ref name=DeCarli1988>{{cite journal |last=De Carli |first=L. |last2=Larizza |first2=L. |title=Griseofulvin |journal=Mutation Research |year=1988 |volume=195 |issue=2 |pages=91–126 |pmid=3277037 |doi=10.1016/0165-1110(88)90020-6}}</ref>

<ref name=Fairs2010>{{cite journal |title=Guidelines on ambient intramural airborne fungal spores |journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology |year=2010 |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=490–98 |pmid=21243933 |last1=Fairs |first1=A. |last2=Wardlaw |first2=AJ |last3=Thompson |first3=JR |last4=Pashley |first4=CH}}</ref>

<ref name=Haubrich2003>{{cite book |last=Haubrich |first=W.S. |title=Medical Meanings: A Glossary of Word Origins |edition=2nd |year=2003 |publisher=American College of Physicians |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |isbn=978-1-930513-49-5 |page=175 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NXmlIwkQBLAC&pg=PA175 |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref>

<ref name=Kirk2008>{{cite book |last=Kirk |first=PM |last2=Cannon |first2=PF |last3=Minter |first3=DW |last4=Stalpers |first4=JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CABI |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=505 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}</ref>

<ref name=Leitao2009>{{cite journal |last=Leitão |first=A.L. |title=Potential of ''Penicillium'' species in the bioremediation field |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |year=2009 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=1393–417 |pmid=19440525 |doi=10.3390/ijerph6041393 |url=http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/4/1393/pdf |format=PDF |pmc=2681198}}</ref>

<ref name=Link1809>{{cite journal |last=Link |first=JHF |title=Observationes in ordines plantarum naturales. Dissertatio I |journal=Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin |year=1809 |volume=3 |pages=3–42 |language=Latin|url=http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/en/dms/loader/img/?PID=PPN608227714_0003&physid=PHYS_0031}}</ref>

<ref name=Marianski2009>{{cite book |last=Marianski |first=S. |last2=Marianski |first2=A. |title=The Art of Making Fermented Sausages |year=2009 |publisher=Bookmagic |location=Seminole, Florida |isbn=978-0-9824267-1-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uzSvCdVqYwC&pg=PA47 |page=47 |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref>

<ref name=Nicoletti2008>{{cite journal |last=Nicoletti |first=R. |last2=Buommino |first2=E. |last3=De Filippis |first3=A. |last4=Lopez-Gresa |first4=M. |last5=Manzo |first5=E. |last6=Carella |first6=A |last7=Petrazzuolo |first7=M |last8=Tufano |first8=M.A. |title=Bioprospecting for antagonistic ''Penicillium'' strains as a resource of new antitumor compounds |journal=World Journal of Microbiology |year=2009 |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=185–95 |doi= 10.1007/s11274-007-9455-y}}</ref>

<ref name=Nicoletti2009>{{cite journal |author=Nicoletti R, Manzo E, Ciavatta ML. |title=Occurrence and bioactivities of funicone-related compounds |journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences |year=2009 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=1430–44 |pmid=19468317 |pmc=2680625 |doi=10.3390/ijms10041430|last2=Manzo |last3=Ciavatta }}</ref>

<ref name=Pitt1979>{{cite book |last=Pitt |first=J.I. |title=The genus ''Penicillium'' and its teleomorphic states ''Eupenicillium'' and ''Talaromyces'' |year=1979 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-557750-2}}</ref>

<ref name=Pitt2000>{{cite journal |author=Pitt JI, Basílico JC, Abarca ML, López C. |title=Mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi |journal=Medical Mycology |year=2000 |volume=38 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=41–46 |pmid=11204163 |doi=10.1080/714030911|last2=Basílico |last3=Abarca |last4=López }}</ref>

<ref name=Rifkind2005>{{cite book |last=Rifkind |first=D. |last2=Freeman |first2=G. |title=The Nobel Prize Winning Discoveries in Infectious Diseases |year=2005 |publisher=Academic Press |location=London, UK |pages=43–46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3wdy3b9VUkC&pg=PA43 |isbn=978-0-12-369353-2 |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref>

<ref name=Samson1985>{{cite book |last=Samson |first=R.A. |last2=Pitt |first2=J.I. |title=Advances in ''Penicillium'' and ''Aspergillus'' Systematics |year=1985 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-306-42222-5}}</ref>

<ref name=Samson2004>{{cite journal |vauthors=Samson RA, Seifert KA, Kuijpers AF, Houbraken JA, Frisvad JC |title=Phylogenetic analysis of ''Penicillium'' subgenus ''Pencillium'' using partial beta-tubulin sequences |journal=Studies in Mycology |year=2004 |volume=49 |pages=175–200 |url=http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/publications/1049/part5.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref>

<ref name=Semenov2003>{{cite book |vauthors=Semenov SA, Gumargalieva KZ, Zaikov GE |title=Biodegradation and Durability of Materials Under the Effect of Microorganisms (New Concepts in Polymer Science) |publisher=V.S.P. Intl Science |location= |isbn=978-90-6764-388-7 |pages=34–35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kj89NRHHqPMC&pg=PA35 |date=2003-08-01}}</ref>

<ref name=Singh2008>{{cite journal |author=Singh P, Rathinasamy K, Mohan R, Panda D. |title=Microtubule assembly dynamics: an attractive target for anticancer drugs |journal=IUBMB Life |year=2008 |volume=60 |issue=6 |pages=368–75 |pmid=18384115 |doi=10.1002/iub.42|last2=Rathinasamy |last3=Mohan |last4=Panda }}</ref>

<ref name="urlMycoBank: Penicillium">{{cite web |title=''Penicillium'' Link 1809 |url=http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=9257 |publisher=International Mycological Association |work=MycoBank |accessdate=2011-07-14}}</ref>

<ref name=Ustianowski2008>{{cite journal |author=Ustianowski AP, Sieu TP, Day JN. |title=''Penicillium marneffei'' infection in HIV |journal=Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases |year=2008 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=31–36 |pmid=18192783 |doi=10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f406ae|last2=Sieu |last3=Day }}</ref>

<ref name=Valdez2006>{{cite journal |author=Valdez JG, Makuch MA, Ordovini AF, Masuelli RW, Overy DP, Piccolo RJ. |title=First report of ''Penicillium allii'' as a field pathogen of garlic (''Allium sativum'') |journal=Plant Pathology |year=2006 |volume=55 |issue=4 |page=583 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01411.x|last2=Makuch |last3=Ordovini |last4=Masuelli |last5=Overy |last6=Piccolo }}</ref>}}

* {{cite book |last=Harshberger |first=J. W. |title=A Text-Book of Mycology and Plant Pathology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVBOC7DM5tsC#v=twopage&q&f=false |location=London |publisher=Churchill Livinstone |year=1917 |oclc=879097707}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Collier's Poster}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=3KJewsIL5vQC&pg=PA66&dq=genus+penicillium#v=onepage&q=genus%20penicillium&f=false Samson, R. A. & J I Pitt ''Integration of Modern Taxonomic Methods For Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification'' (with an illustration on the cover)]
*Asan, A. (2004, Last updated: February, 2015). Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Related Species Reported from Turkey. Mycotaxon. 89 (1): 155-157. Link: http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/asan-v89-checklist.pdf

[[Category:Medicinal fungi]]
[[Category:Penicillium]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link]]

Beachwood Canyon (album)

2016-07-03T12:31:41Z

5.172.236.67:

{{unreferenced|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox album 
| Cover =
| Name = Beachwood Canyon
| Type = studio
| Artist = [[Jem (singer)|Jem]]
| Released = 5 August 2016
| Recorded = 2009–2014
| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]
| Length = 35:35
| Label = Orchid Entertainment
| Producer = [[Jem (singer)|Jem]]
| Last album = ''[[Down to Earth (Jem album)|Down to Earth]]'' (2008)
| This album = '''''Beachwood Canyon''''' (2016)
| Next album =
| Misc = {{Singles
| Name = Beachwood Canyon
| Type = studio
| single 1 = Beachwood Canyon
| single 1 date = 1 July 2016
}}}}

'''''Beachwood Canyon''''' is the third studio album by [[Jem (singer)|Jem]], set to be released 5 August 2016.

==Background==
Since late 2009, Jem has been writing new material for her third studio album which was originally planned for release in 2010. However, since her record label ATO severed ties with Sony and RCA in 2007, her ability to effectively produce a new album has been stunted. In 2012, Jem returned to producing her third album ''Beachwood Canyon''. In November, she recorded tracks at the Grand Master Studios, in Hollywood, and originally anticipated a release in the Spring of 2013. This date was further extended to the Fall, until Jem confirmed in February 2014 that whilst essentially being complete with a confirmed track list, unforeseen delays regarding sample clearances had pushed the release into 2014, with earlier announcements being "wishful thinking on [her] part". In January 2015, it was announced that the album would be released within the year; it was not. In January 2016, Jem published on her Facebook page the first photoshoots of the Beachwood Canyon Era and announced the official release of the album for spring 2016. In June 2016 Jem officially announced that the album will be available for pre-order along with the first single starting from the 1st of July.

==Track listing==
{{tracklist
| headline =
| writing_credits = yes
| extra_column = Producer(s)
| title1 = Intro
| writer1 = [[Jem (singer)|Jem Griffiths]]
| extra1 =
| length1 = 0:39
| title2 = Beachwood Canyon
| writer2 = Jem Griffiths
| extra2 =
| length2 = 3:47
| title3 = So Gold
| writer3 = Jem Griffiths
| extra3 =
| length3 = 4:13
| title4 = My Love
| writer4 = Jem Griffiths
| extra4 =
| length4 = 3:19
| title5 = Momma
| writer5 = Jem Griffiths
| extra5 =
| length5 = 3:42
| title6 = Don't Look Back
| writer6 = Jem Griffiths, [[Mark Plati]]
| extra6 =
| length6 = 3:15
| title7 = I Sit up in My Window
| writer7 = Jem Griffiths
| extra7 =
| length7 = 4;28
| title8 = Tell It to My Heart
| writer8 = Jem Griffiths
| extra8 =
| length8 = 3:26
| title9 = The Adventures of Cupid and Pack
| writer9 = Jem Griffiths, Paul Herman
| extra9 =
| length9 = 3:43
| title10 = Hold On
| writer10 = Jem Griffiths
| extra10 =
| length10 = 5:03
}}

{{Jem}}

[[Category:2016 albums]]
[[Category:Jem (singer) albums]]
[[Category:Upcoming albums]]

Finally Woken

2016-07-03T12:26:48Z

5.172.236.67:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox album
| Name = Finally Woken
| Type = Studio
| Artist = [[Jem (singer)|Jem]]
| Cover = Jem - Finally Woken.jpg
| Border = yes
| Released = {{Start date|df=yes|2004|03|23}}
| Recorded = 1999–2003
| Genre = [[Trip hop]], [[electronica]], [[pop rock]], [[folktronica]]
| Length = {{Duration|m=41|s=53}}
| Label = [[ATO Records|ATO]]
| Producer = [[Jem (singer)|Jem]], [[Yoad Nevo]], Ge-ology
| Last album = ''[[It All Starts Here...]]'' (2003)
| This album = '''''Finally Woken''''' (2004)
| Next album = ''[[Down to Earth (Jem album)|Down to Earth]]'' (2008)
| Misc = {{Singles
| Name = Finally Woken
| Type = Studio
| Single 1 = [[They (song)|They]]
| Single 1 date = 17 February 2004
| Single 2 = [[Just a Ride]]
| Single 2 date = 13 June 2005
| Single 3 = [[Wish I]]
| Single 3 date = 12 September 2005
}}}}

'''''Finally Woken''''' is the debut [[studio album]] by Welsh singer-songwriter [[Jem (singer)|Jem]], released initially in the United States on 23 March 2004, with [[ATO Records]].

{{Album ratings
| MC = 70/100<ref name=metacritic>{{cite web |publisher=[[metacritic]] |title=''Finally Woken'' – Jem |url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/finally-woken |accessdate=24 October 2011 }}</ref>
| rev1 = [[Allmusic]]
| rev1score ={{rating|3|5}}<ref>{{Allmusic |class=album |tab=review |id=r681456 |first=Johnny |last=Loftus |accessdate=24 November 2004 }}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
| rev2score =B<ref>{{Cite news |newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |issue=757 |date=26 March 2004 |page=73 |first=Elisabeth |last=Vincintelli |title=''Finally Woken'' Jem > Music Review |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,602391,00.html |accessdate=13 February 2009 }}</ref>
| rev3 = ''[[The Guardian]]''
| rev3score ={{rating|4|5}}<ref>{{Cite news |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=17 March 2004 |at=Friday Review p. 18 |first=Adam |last=Sweeting |title=Jem, ''Finally Woken'' > Review |url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/fridayreview/story/0,,1439811,00.html |accessdate=12 December 2006 }}</ref>
| rev4 = ''[[PopMatters]]''
| rev4score =Mixed<ref>{{cite web |work=[[PopMatters]] |date=14 June 2004 |last=Hogan |first=Marc |title=Jem: It All Starts Here |url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/jem-itallstarts/ |accessdate=13 February 2009 }}</ref>
| rev5 = ''[[Q Magazine]]''
| rev5score ={{rating|4|5}}<ref>{{Cite journal |magazine=[[Q Magazine]] |date=March 2005 |page=100}} Cited at {{cite web |publisher=[[metacritic]] |title=''Finally Woken'' – Jem > Critic Reviews |url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/finally-woken/critic-reviews |accessdate=8 December 2007 }}</ref>
| rev6 = ''[[Rolling Stone]]''
| rev6score ={{rating|3|5}}<ref name=RS2004>{{Cite news |newspaper=[[Rolling Stone]] |issue=948 |date=13 May 2004 |page=73 |first=Laura |last=Sinagra |title=Jem: ''Finally Woken''}}</ref>
| rev7 = [[Yahoo! Music]]
| rev7score ={{rating|7|10}}<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]] |date=6 April 2005 |first=Anna |last=Britten |title=Jem – ''Finally Woken'' > Music Album Review |url=http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/050406/33/1xk5j.html |accessdate=13 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613162318/http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/050406/33/1xk5j.html |archivedate=13 June 2011}}</ref>
| noprose = yes
}}

==Background==

'''Jemma Griffiths''' (born 18 May 1975), known by her stage name '''Jem''', is a [[Welsh people|Welsh]] singer, songwriter, and record producer. Born and raised in [[Penarth]], [[Wales]], she began songwriting at an early age. After graduating from the [[University of Sussex]] with a [[Law degree]] in 1996 she worked as a DJ, club and festival [[Promoter (entertainment)|promoter]] as well as co-founder of [[record label]] [[Marine Parade Records|Marine Parade]] in [[Brighton]].<ref name=JMBiog>{{cite web|title=Jemma Griffiths Biography|url=http://www.jem-music.net/bio.php?bio=two|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref> However, she soon felt that she had neglected her own musical career for too long so in November 1999 she surprised her colleagues by leaving Brighton and returning to Wales, where she assembled a mobile recording studio and focused on developing her own individual songwriting and music production skills, completing a collection of four [[Demo (music)|demos]] that acted as the basis of her break into the [[music industry]].<ref name=JMBiog />

In 2000, Jem moved to London where she began collaborating with other writers and producers. Two days into her first writing session with acclaimed electronic producer [[Guy Sigsworth]] ([[Björk]], [[Frou Frou (band)|Frou Frou]]), the song "[[Nothing Fails]]" was born. With the lyrics eventually being picked up by [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] for her 2003 studio album, ''[[American Life]]''.<ref name=JMBiog /> In 2001, Jem travelled to [[Brooklyn]], [[NYC]], teaming up with hip hop producer Ge-Ology ([[Mos Def]], [[Talib Kweli]]) and co-producer [[Yoad Nevo]], where they succeeded in fusing her many musical influences to create a fresh and distinctive new sound.<ref name=JMBiog />

In March 2002, during a trip to Los Angeles to visit friends, Jem stopped by [[independent radio]] station [[KCRW]] to leave a demo of her song "Finally Woken" in [[Nic Harcourt]]'s mailbox.<ref name=DigIt /> Credited with being the first American DJ to play [[Coldplay]], [[Norah Jones]], and [[Dido (singer)|Dido]], Harcourt immediately began playing it on his show ''[[Morning Becomes Eclectic]]'', whose popular listeners included big names in the music business.<ref name=DigIt /> The track quickly became one of the most listener-requested songs at the station, landing Jem in their top 5 played artists of 2003, all prior to any record label being attached to her name.<ref name=DigIt>{{cite journal|last=Stuart|first=Courteney|title=Dig it! This Jem wants to shine|journal=The Hook|date=22 April 2004|issue=0316|url=http://www.readthehook.com/95002/cover-dig-it-jem-wants-shine|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref>

One of those 'big names' listening was Bruce Flohr, a top-level [[A&R]] rep for [[RCA Records]] and newly established [[ATO Records]] (known for introducing [[David Gray (musician)|David Gray]] to American audiences). Upon meeting Jem, and listening to more of her demos, Flohr recalled thinking 'How do I not let this girl out the door without signing her?'.<ref name=DigIt /> ATO Records quickly made the [[unanimous]] decision to offer her a [[recording contract]]. She subsequently signed herself to the label and on 13 October 2003 in preparation for the release of the full length album, ATO released an [[extended play]] entitled, ''[[It All Starts Here...]]'', consisting of five adapted demos that Jem had initially recorded. In anticipation of the album release, Jem also relocated to Los Angeles, where she felt there was more opportunity for her to promote her work and explore her musical potential.<ref name=Answers>{{cite web|title=answers.com|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/jem-singer|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Jem Singing 2005.jpg|alt=|thumb|Jem performing on the John Peel Stage at [[Glastonbury Festival]] on Sunday, 5 June 2005, after the success of her debut album in the United Kingdom]]
Akin to the success of [[Moby]]'s album ''[[Play (Moby album)|Play]]'' (1999), Jem decided to [[Music licensing|license]] every song off of her album to be broadcast on American television programs, films and [[advertisements]] as a method of promotion.<ref name=MobyMTV>{{cite journal|last=Moss|first=Corey|title=Moby-Style Promotion Works For Inescapable Jem|journal=MTV|date=15 November 2005|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1513703/jem-follows-mobys-lead.jhtml|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref> Television program ''[[The O.C.]]'' was the first to use Jem's music in several of their episodes, eventually inviting her to guest star on the show, performing a [[cover version]] of [[Paul McCartney]]'s 1970 song "[[Maybe I'm Amazed]]" in the [[The O.C. (season 1)|first season]] finale.<ref name=DigIt /> Since then, every song off the album has appeared in various television programs such as ''[[Six Feet Under (TV series)|Six Feet Under]]'', ''[[Desperate Housewives]]'', ''[[Without a Trace]]'' and ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]''.<ref name=MobyMTV />

Six additional tracks were added to the original [[It All Starts Here...|extended play]] and on 24 March 2004, the full length studio album ''Finally Woken'' was released in the United States. 6,000 copies were sold in the first week, and a further 5,000 in the second. Unknown artists with little [[airplay]] or commercial MTV promotion rarely garnered this much immediate attention.<ref name=Answers />

To promote the album in the United Kingdom, Jem followed the traditional route of releasing CD singles and accompanying [[music videos]] across 2005. "[[They]]" became the UK [[lead single]], being released 13 March 2005. Followed by "[[Just a Ride]]" in June and finally "[[Wish I]]" in September, which was consecutively being used as the [[theme tune]] to popular UK reality television programme ''[[Celebrity Love Island]]''. Jem quickly gained popularity in her native country, with her album spending 32 weeks on the [[UK Album Chart]] in March, peaking at number 6.<ref name=UKChart>{{cite web|title=OfficialCharts|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/jem/|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref>

To further promote the album after its release, Jem toured and performed extensively, returning to her breakthrough radio station KCRW to perform live on air for Nic Harcourt in 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2008.<ref name=JemKCRW>{{cite web|title=Jem at KCRW|url=http://www.kcrw.com/sitesearch?submit.x=0&submit.y=0&SearchableText=jem&dosearch=1|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref> Furthermore, Jem performed at the 2005 [[Sasquatch! Music Festival]] on Saturday 28 May as well as performing on the John Peel Stage at [[Glastonbury Festival]] in Somerset on Sunday 5 June 2005. She performed "[[They (song)|They]]" for ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' which was broadcast on Sunday 10 July 2005 and a week later she performed at the [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival]] in [[Indio, California]] on Sunday 16 July 2005. On Sunday 21 August 2005 Jem performed on the JJB Puma Arena at the 10th [[V Festival]] in [[Chelmsford]].

==Artwork==
The young girl on the cover is a photograph of a young Jem that was taken by her father; the colours were changed for different territories, with the USA receiving a yellow edition, the UK receiving a blue edition and Europe and Australia receiving a green edition. The UK and European editions were re-issued in 2005 with a new cover, featuring a new photograph of Jem on the front. The album was released with different artwork. The UK release features the orange/red effect whilst foreign covers include a green cover for Australia, and US with a blue one.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}

==Critical reception==

Announced as America's biggest British female debut artist of 2004;<ref name=BBCNews>{{cite news|title=Singer Jem breaks into UK charts|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/4361801.stm|accessdate=12 February 2013|newspaper=BBC|date=21 March 2005}}</ref> Jem initially established herself in the United States before garnering any attention or airplay in her native United Kingdom. Regardless, her reception from critics, upon the release of her album worldwide in 2005, have been generally favourable.

This album was chosen as one of Amazon.com's Top 100 Editor's Picks of 2004 (rank #69).{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} It has sold over 300,000 copies in the UK and, as of 29 May 2008, had sold 321,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}}

Reviews of the album were good. ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' complimented her "sense of sonic humor".<ref name=RS2004/>

==Track listing==

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Producer(s)
| total_length = 41:53
| writing_credits = yes

| title1 = [[They (song)|They]]
| writer1 = [[Jem Griffiths]], Gerard Young (Ge-ology)
| extra1 = [[Yoad Nevo]], [[Jem (singer)|Jem]], Ge-ology
| length1 = 3:16

| title2 = Come on Closer
| writer2 = Jem Griffiths, Gerard Young
| extra2 = Yoad Nevo, Jem, Ge-ology
| length2 = 3:47

| title3 = Finally Woken
| writer3 = Jem Griffiths
| extra3 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length3 = 3:58

| title4 = Save Me
| writer4 = Jem Griffiths, Gerard Young
| extra4 = Yoad Nevo, Jem, Ge-ology
| length4 = 3:34

| title5 = 24
| writer5 = Jem Griffiths, Justin Griffiths
| extra5 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length5 = 3:55

| title6 = Missing You
| writer6 = Jem Griffiths, Justin Griffiths
| extra6 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length6 = 4:01

| title7 = [[Wish I]]
| writer7 = Jem Griffiths
| extra7 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length7 = 3:56

| title8 = [[Just a Ride]]
| writer8 = Jem Griffiths, [[Mike Caren]]
| extra8 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length8 = 3:21

| title9 = Falling for You
| writer9 = Jem Griffiths, [[Nick Coler]], [[Brian Higgins (producer)|Brian Higgins]]
| extra9 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length9 = 4:18

| title10 = Stay Now
| writer10 = Jem Griffiths, Klas.B Wahl, Nick Whitecross
| extra10 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length10 = 3:44

| title11 = Flying High
| writer11 = Jem Griffiths, Paul Herman
| extra11 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length11 = 4:08

}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Japanese bonus track
| collapsed = yes
| writing_credits = yes
| extra_column = Producer(s)

| title12 = They (Cut Chemist Remix)
| writer12 = Jem Griffiths, Gerard Young
| extra12 = Cut Chemist
| length12 = 3:14
}}

==Personnel==
'''Managerial'''
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*Chloe Griffiths 
*Sarah Stennett 
*Allison Elbl - Publicity
{{col-2}}
*Bruce Flohr – [[A&R]]
*Gary Mandel - Legal
*Chip Hooper - Tour Agent
{{col-end}}

'''Musicians'''
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*Jem Griffiths - Vocals
*Paul Herman - [[Acoustic Guitar]]
*Nick Ingman - Conductor, String Arrangements
*Justin Griffiths - Acoustic Guitar
*Danny Griffin - [[Bassline]]
{{col-2}}
*Yoad Nevo - Acoustic Guitar, [[Banjo]], Bass Guitar, Percussion, Electric Guitar, Keyboard, [[Sitar]], [[Double Bass]], [[Spanish Guitar]], Mini [[Harp]], Water Bottle
*Israel Nachum - Drums
{{col-end}}

'''Production'''
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*Jem Griffiths - Executive Producer
*Yoad Nevo - [[Record producer|Co-Producer]], [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|Mixing]], [[Audio mastering|Mastering]], [[Sound recording and reproduction|Recorder]]
*Ge-Ology - Co-Producer
*Lloyd Gardiner - Engineering
{{col-2}}
*A. Cherry - Photography (front cover)
*Michael Lavine - Photography (booklet portraits)
*Paul Topp - Photography (back cover)
*Lorna Butler - [[Make-up Artist]]
{{col-end}}

==Charts==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chart
! Date of entry
! Entry position
! Peak position
|-
| UK Albums Top 75<ref name=AChart>{{cite web|title=ACharts|url=http://acharts.us/album/16814|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref>
| 6 March 2005
| 75
| 6

|-
| Ireland Albums Top 75<ref name=AChart />
| 10 April 2005
| 43
| 15
|-
| Australia Albums Top 50<ref name=AChart />
| 19 June 2005
| 48
| 36
|-
| Austria Albums Top 75<ref name=AChart />
| 9 October 2005
| 74
| 73
|-
| Dutch Albums Top 100<ref name=AChart />
| 17 July 2005
| 100
| 98
|-
| Billboard Top 200
|
|
| 197
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jem}}

[[Category:2004 debut albums]]
[[Category:Jem (singer) albums]]
[[Category:ATO Records albums]]
[[Category:English-language albums]]

Down to Earth (Jem album)

2016-07-03T12:25:12Z

5.172.236.67:

{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Refimprove|date=June 2009}}
{{Infobox album 
| Cover = Jem.jpg
| Name = Down to Earth
| Type = studio
| Artist = [[Jem (singer)|Jem]]
| Released = 16 September 2008 (see [[#Release history|release history]])
| Recorded = 2006 – 2008 in Detroit and Los Angeles
| Genre = [[Trip hop]], [[electronica]], [[pop rock]], [[Folk music|folk]]
| Length = 48:24 (CD version) 52:00 (with [[iTunes]] bonus track)
| Label = [[ATO Records|ATO]]
| Producer = [[Jem (singer)|Jem]], [[Greg Kurstin]], [[Lester Mendez]], [[Jeff Bass]], [[Mike Bradford]]
| Last album = ''[[Finally Woken]]'' (2004)
| This album = '''''Down to Earth''''' (2008)
| Next album = ''[[Beachwood Canyon (Jem album)|Beachwood Canyon]]'' (2016)
| Misc = {{Singles
| Name = Down to Earth
| Type = studio
| single 1 = [[It's Amazing]]
| single 1 date = 3 June 2008
| single 2 = Crazy
| single 2 date = 26 August 2008
| single 3 = And So I Pray
| single 3 date = 26 May 2009
| single 4 = I Want You To...
| single 4 date = 26 October 2009

}}}}
{{Album ratings
|rev1 = [[Allmusic]]
|rev1score = {{rating|3|5}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Leahey |first=Andrew |url={{Allmusic|class=album |id=r1415884/review |pure_url=yes}} |title=Allmusic review |publisher=Allmusic.com |date=16 September 2008 |accessdate=14 May 2012}}</ref>
|rev2 = ArtofRhyme
|rev2score = (3.75/5)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://artofrhyme.com/reviews/Jem_Down-to-Earth/138/ |title=ArtofRhyme review |publisher=Artofrhyme.com |date= |accessdate=14 May 2012}}</ref>
|rev3 = ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''
|rev3score = (positive)<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/content_display/reviews/albums/e3i3d6467ccde2947201852451c79910933 Billboard review] {{wayback|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/content_display/reviews/albums/e3i3d6467ccde2947201852451c79910933 |date=20090210165635 |df=y }}</ref>
|rev4 = [[Digital Spy]]
|rev4score = {{rating|2|5}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/a145176/jem-down-to-earth.html |title=Digital Spy review |publisher=Digitalspy.co.uk |date=30 January 2009 |accessdate=14 May 2012}}</ref>
|rev5 = ''[[The Guardian]]''
|rev5score = {{rating|3|5}}<ref>{{cite news|author=Caroline Sullivan |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/jan/30/jem-down-to-earth-review |title=The Guardian review |publisher=Guardian |date= 30 January 2009|accessdate=14 May 2012 |location=London}}</ref>
|rev6 = MusicOMH.com
|rev6score = {{rating|2|5}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicomh.com/albums/jem_0209.htm |title=Jem – Down to Earth – review |publisher=Musicomh.com |date= |accessdate=14 May 2012}}</ref>
|rev7 = ''[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]''
|rev7score = (61/100)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2008/09/jem-down-to-earth.html |title=Paste review |publisher=Pastemagazine.com |date=16 September 2008 |accessdate=14 May 2012}}</ref>
|rev8 = ''The Phoenix''
|rev8score = {{rating|2.5|4}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thephoenix.com/Boston/Music/68672-JEM-DOWN-TO-EARTH/ |title=The Phoenix review |publisher=Thephoenix.com |date=23 September 2008 |accessdate=14 May 2012}}</ref>
|rev9 = ''[[The Times]]''
|rev9score = {{rating|2|5}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/cd_reviews/article5599373.ece |title=The Times review |publisher=Entertainment.timesonline.co.uk |date=9 May 2012 |accessdate=14 May 2012}}</ref>
}}

'''''Down to Earth''''' is the second studio album by [[Jem (singer)|Jem]], the follow-up to her successful 2004 debut, ''Finally Woken''. The first single, "[[It's Amazing]]", was featured on the soundtrack to the ''[[Sex and the City (film)|Sex and the City]]'' movie. In August 2008, "Crazy" was released as a single on [[iTunes]] and other digital music outlets. By January 2009, "Keep on Walking" was distributed as a free iTunes download at US [[Starbucks]] stores.

The press release states that Jem co-wrote the album with a variety of people including [[Bass Brothers|Jeff Bass]], [[Lester Mendez]] and [[Greg Kurstin]] and sings in Japanese on the track, "Aciiid!". The album also includes a collaboration with South African singer-songwriter and poet-activist [[Vusi Mahlasela]] on the track "You Will Make It" which was dedicated to the memory of [[D12]] member [[Proof (rapper)|Proof]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Raible|first1=Allan|title=Review: Jem’s “Down To Earth”|url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2008/09/review-jems-dow/|website=abcnews.com|publisher=ABC News|accessdate=2016-03-13}}</ref><ref>Jem - Down To Earth (CD liner notes). ATO Records. 88088-21630-2</ref> The album entered the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] at No. 43, selling 10,642 copies.

Jem wrote in her blog on 20 September 2008: {{cquote|On this note, I'd like to apologize to everyone outside of the US as you might have noticed the album has not been released at the same time. It has been slightly delayed which was not intended and is not ideal but it's out of my hands (politics again, yawn…I probably shouldn't have called it my 'Empire Strikes Back' from the beginning, that's dark shit man..!)| }}

==Title==
In September 2008, Jem's official website stated the following about the album title: {{cquote|Down To Earth, also implies, Jem remains grounded. Perhaps that has something to do with her early experiences behind-the-scenes....,/But mostly, it stems from the fact that her prime motivation remains the joy of writing, recording, and performing music. Everything else is gravy./One last thought on that album title: No matter how rapturous a reception she receives, Jem shows no interest in the fame game.| }}

==Track listing==
{{tracklist
| headline =
| writing_credits = yes
| extra_column = Producer(s)
| title1 = Down to Earth
| writer1 = [[Jem Griffiths]], [[Jeff Bass]], [[Glass Pear|Justin Griffiths]]
| extra1 = Bass, [[Jem (singer)|Jem]] (add.)
| length1 = 4:34

| title2 = Crazy
| writer2 = Jem Griffiths, Jeff Bass
| extra2 = Bass, Jem (add.)
| length2 = 3:39

| title3 = I Want You To...
| writer3 = Jem Griffiths, [[Lester Mendez]], [[Cut Chemist|Lucas MacFadden]]
| extra3 = Mendez, Jem (add.)
| length3 = 3:39

| title4 = [[It's Amazing]]
| writer4 = Jem Griffiths, Lester Mendez
| extra4 = Mendez, Jem (add.)
| length4 = 3:58

| title5 = Keep on Walking
| writer5 = Jem Griffiths, Jeff Bass
| extra5 = Bass, Jem (add.)
| length5 = 4:12

| title6 = You Will Make It (featuring [[Vusi Mahlasela]])
| writer6 = Jem Griffiths, Justin Griffiths
| extra6 = [[Mike Bradford]], Jem (add.)
| length6 = 6:12

| title7 = I Always Knew
| writer7 = Jem Griffiths, Lester Mendez
| extra7 = Mendez, Jem (add.)
| length7 = 3:10

| title8 = Got It Good
| writer8 = Jem Griffiths, Jeff Bass
| extra8 = Bass, Jem (add.)
| length8 = 4:27

| title9 = Aciiid!
| writer9 = Jem Griffiths, [[Greg Kurstin]]
| extra9 = Kurstin, Jem (add.)
| length9 = 2:57

| title10 = How Would You Like It
| writer10 = Jem Griffiths, Justin Griffiths
| extra10 = Bradford, Jem (add.)
| length10 = 4:02

| title11 = And So I Pray
| writer11 = Jem Griffiths, Kevin Beber
| extra11 = Bradford, Jem (assis.)
| length11 = 2:42

| title12 = On Top of the World
| writer12 = Jem Griffiths, Lester Mendez
| extra12 = Mendez, Jem (add.)
| length12 = 4:52
}}
{{tracklist
| collapsed = yes
| headline = iTunes Bonus
| writing_credits = yes
| title13 = Forever and a Day
| writer13 = Jem Griffiths
| length13 = 3:46
}}

== Personnel ==
{{Div col||30em}}
*Hiroko Aoyagi – vocals
*Jeff Atmajian – piano, string arrangements, piano arrangement
*Jeff Bass – bass, guitar, keyboards, producer, drum programming, tracked by
*Kevin Beber – drum programming
*Brian Berryman – engineer, fader engineer
*Mick Bolger – trombone, trumpet, euphonium, mellophonium, E flat cornet
*[[Mike Bradford]] – producer, string arrangements, instrumentation
*Del Casher – sounds
*Bryan Cook – engineer
*Nick Cuchinella – trombone
*[[Nabil Elderkin]] – photography
*Johnny Evans – saxophone
*Serban Ghenea – mixing
*Jem Griffiths – vocals, producer, vocal engineer, poetry reading
*Justin Griffiths – acoustic guitar
*John Hanes – mixing
*Mark Aaron James – design
*Ted Jensen – mastering
*Shinobu Lee – vocals
*David Levita – acoustic guitar, guitar
*Lester Mendez – piano, producer, string arrangements, brass arrangement, instrumentation
*Monica Mendez – sound design
*Milan, Derrick & The Krew – chorus
*Eddie Miller – vocal engineer
*Rafael Padilla – percussion
*Phillip Ramos – studio assistant
*Tim Roberts – mixing assistant
*Ken Robinson – trumpet
*Sonus – strings
*Welsh Choir of Southern California – chorus
*Joe Wohlmuth – engineer
{{Div col end}}

==Charts==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!align="left"|Chart (2008)
!align="left"|Peak position
|-
|align="left"|US [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'' 200]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 48
|-
!align="left"|Chart (2009)
!align="left"|Peak position
|-
|align="left"|[[UK Albums Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/top40_albums.php |title=Official UK Albums Chart |publisher=Theofficialcharts.com |date= |accessdate=14 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartstats.com/albuminfo.php?id=13865 |title=Jem – Down to Earth from |publisher=chartstats.com |date=14 February 2009 |accessdate=14 May 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|64
|}

==Release history==
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jem-music.net/news.php |title=Jem | The Official Website of Jem |publisher=Jem-music.net |date= |accessdate=14 February 2012}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! Date
|-
| United States
| rowspan="3"|16 September 2008
|-
| Canada
|-
| Japan
|-
| Ireland
| 30 January 2009
|-
| United Kingdom
| rowspan="2"|2 February 2009
|-
| Europe
|-
| [[Sweden]]
| 4 February 2009
|-
| [[Portugal]]
| rowspan="2"|16 February 2009
|-
| [[Poland]]
|-
| [[Denmark]]
| 23 February 2009
|-
| Germany
| rowspan="4"|27 February 2009
|-
| [[Austria]]
|-
| [[Netherlands]]
|-
| [[Switzerland]]
|-
| [[Norway]]
| 2 March 2009
|-
| France
| 3 March 2009
|-
| [[Finland]]
| 4 March 2009
|-
| [[Greece]]
| 6 March 2009
|-
| [[Italy]]
| 20 March 2009
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.jem-music.net/ Jem-Music.net] — Jem official website
* [https://www.myspace.com/jem Jem] on MySpace
* {{YouTube|8XDxhDbtDak|"It's Amazing" official music video}}

{{Jem}}

[[Category:2008 albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Greg Kurstin]]
[[Category:ATO Records albums]]
[[Category:Jem (singer) albums]]

Finally Woken

2016-07-03T12:08:34Z

5.172.236.67:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox album
| Name = Finally Woken
| Type = Studio
| Artist = [[Jem (singer)|Jem]]
| Cover = Jem - Finally Woken.jpg
| Border = yes
| Released = {{Start date|df=yes|2004|03|23}}
| Recorded = 1999–2003
| Genre = [[Trip hop]], [[electronica]], [[pop rock]], [[folktronica]]
| Length = {{Duration|m=41|s=53}}
| Label = [[ATO Records|ATO]]
| Producer = Jem, [[Yoad Nevo]], Ge-ology
| Last album = ''[[It All Starts Here...]]'' (2003)
| This album = '''''Finally Woken''''' (2004)
| Next album = ''[[Down to Earth (Jem album)|Down to Earth]]'' (2008)
| Misc = {{Singles
| Name = Finally Woken
| Type = Studio
| Single 1 = [[They (song)|They]]
| Single 1 date = 17 February 2004
| Single 2 = [[Just a Ride]]
| Single 2 date = 13 June 2005
| Single 3 = [[Wish I]]
| Single 3 date = 12 September 2005
}}}}

'''''Finally Woken''''' is the debut [[studio album]] by Welsh singer-songwriter [[Jem (singer)|Jem]], released initially in the United States on 23 March 2004, with [[ATO Records]].

{{Album ratings
| MC = 70/100<ref name=metacritic>{{cite web |publisher=[[metacritic]] |title=''Finally Woken'' – Jem |url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/finally-woken |accessdate=24 October 2011 }}</ref>
| rev1 = [[Allmusic]]
| rev1score ={{rating|3|5}}<ref>{{Allmusic |class=album |tab=review |id=r681456 |first=Johnny |last=Loftus |accessdate=24 November 2004 }}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
| rev2score =B<ref>{{Cite news |newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |issue=757 |date=26 March 2004 |page=73 |first=Elisabeth |last=Vincintelli |title=''Finally Woken'' Jem > Music Review |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,602391,00.html |accessdate=13 February 2009 }}</ref>
| rev3 = ''[[The Guardian]]''
| rev3score ={{rating|4|5}}<ref>{{Cite news |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=17 March 2004 |at=Friday Review p. 18 |first=Adam |last=Sweeting |title=Jem, ''Finally Woken'' > Review |url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/fridayreview/story/0,,1439811,00.html |accessdate=12 December 2006 }}</ref>
| rev4 = ''[[PopMatters]]''
| rev4score =Mixed<ref>{{cite web |work=[[PopMatters]] |date=14 June 2004 |last=Hogan |first=Marc |title=Jem: It All Starts Here |url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/jem-itallstarts/ |accessdate=13 February 2009 }}</ref>
| rev5 = ''[[Q Magazine]]''
| rev5score ={{rating|4|5}}<ref>{{Cite journal |magazine=[[Q Magazine]] |date=March 2005 |page=100}} Cited at {{cite web |publisher=[[metacritic]] |title=''Finally Woken'' – Jem > Critic Reviews |url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/finally-woken/critic-reviews |accessdate=8 December 2007 }}</ref>
| rev6 = ''[[Rolling Stone]]''
| rev6score ={{rating|3|5}}<ref name=RS2004>{{Cite news |newspaper=[[Rolling Stone]] |issue=948 |date=13 May 2004 |page=73 |first=Laura |last=Sinagra |title=Jem: ''Finally Woken''}}</ref>
| rev7 = [[Yahoo! Music]]
| rev7score ={{rating|7|10}}<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]] |date=6 April 2005 |first=Anna |last=Britten |title=Jem – ''Finally Woken'' > Music Album Review |url=http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/050406/33/1xk5j.html |accessdate=13 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613162318/http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/050406/33/1xk5j.html |archivedate=13 June 2011}}</ref>
| noprose = yes
}}

==Background==

'''Jemma Griffiths''' (born 18 May 1975), known by her stage name '''Jem''', is a [[Welsh people|Welsh]] singer, songwriter, and record producer. Born and raised in [[Penarth]], [[Wales]], she began songwriting at an early age. After graduating from the [[University of Sussex]] with a [[Law degree]] in 1996 she worked as a DJ, club and festival [[Promoter (entertainment)|promoter]] as well as co-founder of [[record label]] [[Marine Parade Records|Marine Parade]] in [[Brighton]].<ref name=JMBiog>{{cite web|title=Jemma Griffiths Biography|url=http://www.jem-music.net/bio.php?bio=two|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref> However, she soon felt that she had neglected her own musical career for too long so in November 1999 she surprised her colleagues by leaving Brighton and returning to Wales, where she assembled a mobile recording studio and focused on developing her own individual songwriting and music production skills, completing a collection of four [[Demo (music)|demos]] that acted as the basis of her break into the [[music industry]].<ref name=JMBiog />

In 2000, Jem moved to London where she began collaborating with other writers and producers. Two days into her first writing session with acclaimed electronic producer [[Guy Sigsworth]] ([[Björk]], [[Frou Frou (band)|Frou Frou]]), the song "[[Nothing Fails]]" was born. With the lyrics eventually being picked up by [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] for her 2003 studio album, ''[[American Life]]''.<ref name=JMBiog /> In 2001, Jem travelled to [[Brooklyn]], [[NYC]], teaming up with hip hop producer Ge-Ology ([[Mos Def]], [[Talib Kweli]]) and co-producer [[Yoad Nevo]], where they succeeded in fusing her many musical influences to create a fresh and distinctive new sound.<ref name=JMBiog />

In March 2002, during a trip to Los Angeles to visit friends, Jem stopped by [[independent radio]] station [[KCRW]] to leave a demo of her song "Finally Woken" in [[Nic Harcourt]]'s mailbox.<ref name=DigIt /> Credited with being the first American DJ to play [[Coldplay]], [[Norah Jones]], and [[Dido (singer)|Dido]], Harcourt immediately began playing it on his show ''[[Morning Becomes Eclectic]]'', whose popular listeners included big names in the music business.<ref name=DigIt /> The track quickly became one of the most listener-requested songs at the station, landing Jem in their top 5 played artists of 2003, all prior to any record label being attached to her name.<ref name=DigIt>{{cite journal|last=Stuart|first=Courteney|title=Dig it! This Jem wants to shine|journal=The Hook|date=22 April 2004|issue=0316|url=http://www.readthehook.com/95002/cover-dig-it-jem-wants-shine|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref>

One of those 'big names' listening was Bruce Flohr, a top-level [[A&R]] rep for [[RCA Records]] and newly established [[ATO Records]] (known for introducing [[David Gray (musician)|David Gray]] to American audiences). Upon meeting Jem, and listening to more of her demos, Flohr recalled thinking 'How do I not let this girl out the door without signing her?'.<ref name=DigIt /> ATO Records quickly made the [[unanimous]] decision to offer her a [[recording contract]]. She subsequently signed herself to the label and on 13 October 2003 in preparation for the release of the full length album, ATO released an [[extended play]] entitled, ''[[It All Starts Here...]]'', consisting of five adapted demos that Jem had initially recorded. In anticipation of the album release, Jem also relocated to Los Angeles, where she felt there was more opportunity for her to promote her work and explore her musical potential.<ref name=Answers>{{cite web|title=answers.com|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/jem-singer|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Jem Singing 2005.jpg|alt=|thumb|Jem performing on the John Peel Stage at [[Glastonbury Festival]] on Sunday, 5 June 2005, after the success of her debut album in the United Kingdom]]
Akin to the success of [[Moby]]'s album ''[[Play (Moby album)|Play]]'' (1999), Jem decided to [[Music licensing|license]] every song off of her album to be broadcast on American television programs, films and [[advertisements]] as a method of promotion.<ref name=MobyMTV>{{cite journal|last=Moss|first=Corey|title=Moby-Style Promotion Works For Inescapable Jem|journal=MTV|date=15 November 2005|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1513703/jem-follows-mobys-lead.jhtml|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref> Television program ''[[The O.C.]]'' was the first to use Jem's music in several of their episodes, eventually inviting her to guest star on the show, performing a [[cover version]] of [[Paul McCartney]]'s 1970 song "[[Maybe I'm Amazed]]" in the [[The O.C. (season 1)|first season]] finale.<ref name=DigIt /> Since then, every song off the album has appeared in various television programs such as ''[[Six Feet Under (TV series)|Six Feet Under]]'', ''[[Desperate Housewives]]'', ''[[Without a Trace]]'' and ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]''.<ref name=MobyMTV />

Six additional tracks were added to the original [[It All Starts Here...|extended play]] and on 24 March 2004, the full length studio album ''Finally Woken'' was released in the United States. 6,000 copies were sold in the first week, and a further 5,000 in the second. Unknown artists with little [[airplay]] or commercial MTV promotion rarely garnered this much immediate attention.<ref name=Answers />

To promote the album in the United Kingdom, Jem followed the traditional route of releasing CD singles and accompanying [[music videos]] across 2005. "[[They]]" became the UK [[lead single]], being released 13 March 2005. Followed by "[[Just a Ride]]" in June and finally "[[Wish I]]" in September, which was consecutively being used as the [[theme tune]] to popular UK reality television programme ''[[Celebrity Love Island]]''. Jem quickly gained popularity in her native country, with her album spending 32 weeks on the [[UK Album Chart]] in March, peaking at number 6.<ref name=UKChart>{{cite web|title=OfficialCharts|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/jem/|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref>

To further promote the album after its release, Jem toured and performed extensively, returning to her breakthrough radio station KCRW to perform live on air for Nic Harcourt in 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2008.<ref name=JemKCRW>{{cite web|title=Jem at KCRW|url=http://www.kcrw.com/sitesearch?submit.x=0&submit.y=0&SearchableText=jem&dosearch=1|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref> Furthermore, Jem performed at the 2005 [[Sasquatch! Music Festival]] on Saturday 28 May as well as performing on the John Peel Stage at [[Glastonbury Festival]] in Somerset on Sunday 5 June 2005. She performed "[[They (song)|They]]" for ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' which was broadcast on Sunday 10 July 2005 and a week later she performed at the [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival]] in [[Indio, California]] on Sunday 16 July 2005. On Sunday 21 August 2005 Jem performed on the JJB Puma Arena at the 10th [[V Festival]] in [[Chelmsford]].

==Artwork==
The young girl on the cover is a photograph of a young Jem that was taken by her father; the colours were changed for different territories, with the USA receiving a yellow edition, the UK receiving a blue edition and Europe and Australia receiving a green edition. The UK and European editions were re-issued in 2005 with a new cover, featuring a new photograph of Jem on the front. The album was released with different artwork. The UK release features the orange/red effect whilst foreign covers include a green cover for Australia, and US with a blue one.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}

==Critical reception==

Announced as America's biggest British female debut artist of 2004;<ref name=BBCNews>{{cite news|title=Singer Jem breaks into UK charts|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/4361801.stm|accessdate=12 February 2013|newspaper=BBC|date=21 March 2005}}</ref> Jem initially established herself in the United States before garnering any attention or airplay in her native United Kingdom. Regardless, her reception from critics, upon the release of her album worldwide in 2005, have been generally favourable.

This album was chosen as one of Amazon.com's Top 100 Editor's Picks of 2004 (rank #69).{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} It has sold over 300,000 copies in the UK and, as of 29 May 2008, had sold 321,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}}

Reviews of the album were good. ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' complimented her "sense of sonic humor".<ref name=RS2004/>

==Track listing==

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Producer(s)
| total_length = 41:53
| writing_credits = yes

| title1 = [[They (song)|They]]
| writer1 = [[Jem Griffiths]], Gerard Young (Ge-ology)
| extra1 = [[Yoad Nevo]], Jem, Ge-ology
| length1 = 3:16

| title2 = Come on Closer
| writer2 = Jem Griffiths, Gerard Young
| extra2 = Yoad Nevo, Jem, Ge-ology
| length2 = 3:47

| title3 = Finally Woken
| writer3 = Jem Griffiths
| extra3 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length3 = 3:58

| title4 = Save Me
| writer4 = Jem Griffiths, Gerard Young
| extra4 = Yoad Nevo, Jem, Ge-ology
| length4 = 3:34

| title5 = 24
| writer5 = Jem Griffiths, Justin Griffiths
| extra5 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length5 = 3:55

| title6 = Missing You
| writer6 = Jem Griffiths, Justin Griffiths
| extra6 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length6 = 4:01

| title7 = [[Wish I]]
| writer7 = Jem Griffiths
| extra7 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length7 = 3:56

| title8 = [[Just a Ride]]
| writer8 = Jem Griffiths, [[Mike Caren]]
| extra8 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length8 = 3:21

| title9 = Falling for You
| writer9 = Jem Griffiths, [[Nick Coler]], [[Brian Higgins (producer)|Brian Higgins]]
| extra9 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length9 = 4:18

| title10 = Stay Now
| writer10 = Jem Griffiths, Klas.B Wahl, Nick Whitecross
| extra10 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length10 = 3:44

| title11 = Flying High
| writer11 = Jem Griffiths, Paul Herman
| extra11 = Yoad Nevo, Jem
| length11 = 4:08

}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Japanese bonus track
| collapsed = yes
| writing_credits = yes
| extra_column = Producer(s)

| title12 = They (Cut Chemist Remix)
| writer12 = Jem Griffiths, Gerard Young
| extra12 = Cut Chemist
| length12 = 3:14
}}

==Personnel==
'''Managerial'''
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*Chloe Griffiths 
*Sarah Stennett 
*Allison Elbl - Publicity
{{col-2}}
*Bruce Flohr – [[A&R]]
*Gary Mandel - Legal
*Chip Hooper - Tour Agent
{{col-end}}

'''Musicians'''
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*Jem Griffiths - Vocals
*Paul Herman - [[Acoustic Guitar]]
*Nick Ingman - Conductor, String Arrangements
*Justin Griffiths - Acoustic Guitar
*Danny Griffin - [[Bassline]]
{{col-2}}
*Yoad Nevo - Acoustic Guitar, [[Banjo]], Bass Guitar, Percussion, Electric Guitar, Keyboard, [[Sitar]], [[Double Bass]], [[Spanish Guitar]], Mini [[Harp]], Water Bottle
*Israel Nachum - Drums
{{col-end}}

'''Production'''
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*Jem Griffiths - Executive Producer
*Yoad Nevo - [[Record producer|Co-Producer]], [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|Mixing]], [[Audio mastering|Mastering]], [[Sound recording and reproduction|Recorder]]
*Ge-Ology - Co-Producer
*Lloyd Gardiner - Engineering
{{col-2}}
*A. Cherry - Photography (front cover)
*Michael Lavine - Photography (booklet portraits)
*Paul Topp - Photography (back cover)
*Lorna Butler - [[Make-up Artist]]
{{col-end}}

==Charts==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chart
! Date of entry
! Entry position
! Peak position
|-
| UK Albums Top 75<ref name=AChart>{{cite web|title=ACharts|url=http://acharts.us/album/16814|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref>
| 6 March 2005
| 75
| 6

|-
| Ireland Albums Top 75<ref name=AChart />
| 10 April 2005
| 43
| 15
|-
| Australia Albums Top 50<ref name=AChart />
| 19 June 2005
| 48
| 36
|-
| Austria Albums Top 75<ref name=AChart />
| 9 October 2005
| 74
| 73
|-
| Dutch Albums Top 100<ref name=AChart />
| 17 July 2005
| 100
| 98
|-
| Billboard Top 200
|
|
| 197
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jem}}

[[Category:2004 debut albums]]
[[Category:Jem (singer) albums]]
[[Category:ATO Records albums]]
[[Category:English-language albums]]