Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Harloe

2019-12-22T20:58:03Z

69.137.78.47: /* Biography */ Add'l formatting.

{{About|the singer|the [[Playboy Playmate]]|Jessica Ashley (model)}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Jessica Ashley
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Jessica Ashley Karpov
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1992}}
| death_date =
| origin = [[Queens, New York]]
| genre = [[Contemporary R&B]], [[Soul music|Soul]] [[Pop music|Pop]]
| occupation = [[Singer]] [[Songwriter]] [[Pianist]] [[Guitar]] [[Music producer|Music Producer]]
| years_active = 2009 – present
| website = [https://twitter.com/iamj_ashley Twitter]
| associated_acts =
}}

'''Jessica Ashley Karpov''', better known as "'''Harlœ'''" and '''Jessica Ashley''') (born 1992<ref>{{cite web|last=Gomes |first=Charlotte |title=Jessica Ashley Releases Her Debut EP "Prelude" |url=http://yourmusicrefill.com/jessica-ashley-releases-her-debut-ep-prelude/ |publisher=YourMusicRefill |access-date=19 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622180439/http://yourmusicrefill.com/jessica-ashley-releases-her-debut-ep-prelude/ |archive-date=22 June 2012 |df= }}</ref>), is an [[United States|American]] [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] [[singer]], currently signed to M2V/[[Epic Records]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cardenes|first=Andrew|title=Jessica Ashley Teams Up with Epic Records for her Debut Album|url=http://blog.thenext2shine.com/jessica-ashley-teams-up-with-epic-records-for-her-debut-album|publisher=Next2Shine|access-date=16 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421075820/http://blog.thenext2shine.com/jessica-ashley-teams-up-with-epic-records-for-her-debut-album|archive-date=21 April 2014|df=}}</ref> She gained popularity and a large following by posting [[YouTube]] cover videos for several years.<ref>{{cite web|last=Staff|first=Writer|title=YouTube Sensation Jessica Ashley Releases Full EP|url=http://www.celebuzz.com/2012-06-25/youtube-sensation-jessica-ashley-releases-full-ep-audio/|publisher=Celebuzz|accessdate=1 July 2012}}</ref>

In addition to her career as a recording artist, Karpov wrote songs for [[Kelly Clarkson]], [[JoJo (singer)|JoJo]], [[MKTO]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Wass|first=Mike|title=Why MKTO Should be on your Pop Radar|url=http://www.idolator.com/7505039/why-mkto-should-be-on-your-pop-radar|publisher=Idolator|accessdate=7 February 2014}}</ref> [[Maude Harcheb|Maude]], [[Madison Beer]], [[Charli XCX]], [[Britney Spears]] and [[Leona Lewis]]. She is currently recording her debut studio album<ref>{{cite web|author=Alex|title=New Music: Jessica Ashley|url=http://yourmusicmyworld.com/music-jessica-ashley-night/|publisher=Your Music My World|access-date=23 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.is/20140310092110/http://yourmusicmyworld.com/music-jessica-ashley-night/|archive-date=10 March 2014|df=}}</ref> with [[Evan Bogart]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Omer|first=Tony|title=Livingston Taylor and New Singing Sensation at Old Whaling Church|url=http://www.mvtimes.com/2013/08/21/livingston-taylor-new-singing-sensation-old-whaling-church-16972/|accessdate=21 August 2014|newspaper=MV Times}}</ref> and [[Eman Kiriakou|Eman Kirakou]].

==Biography==
Born Jessica Ashley Karpov in [[Queens, New York]], she is the child of Laura and Igor Karpov. Her sister, Suzanne, is an [[opera singer]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Tim|title=Maryland Opera Studio to give Reading of 'Scalia/Ginsburg' Opera by Baltimore Native|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2014-02-14/entertainment/bal-maryland-opera-studio-to-give-reading-of-scaliaginsburg-opera-20140214_1_justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-maryland-opera-studio-comic-opera|accessdate=14 February 2014|newspaper=Baltimore Sun}}</ref> She is of Russian and Romanian descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/IamJ_Ashley/status/260227231677304833|title=I'm mixed Romanian and Russian|publisher=Twitter.com |accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref> Karpov graduated from [[Lynbrook High School]] in [[Lynbrook, New York]] in 2010 and attended [[performing arts]] school, [[Clive Davis Department of Recorded Music|NYU Clive Davis School of Recorded Music]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Staff|first=Writer|title=Artist Alert: Jessica Ashley|url=http://www.fanlala.com/news/artist-alert-jessica-ashley|publisher=FanLaLa|accessdate=12 September 2012}}</ref> in [[New York, New York]].

She has been performing, singing and dancing, publicly since 2009. In 2016, she released her first single as Harlœ, ''All in My Feelings''. In 2012, she released an EP as Jessica Ashley, ''Prelude'', to critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gomes |first=Charlotte |title=Jessica Ashley Releases Her Debut EP "Prelude" |url=http://yourmusicrefill.com/jessica-ashley-releases-her-debut-ep-prelude/ |publisher=YourMusicRefill |access-date=19 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622180439/http://yourmusicrefill.com/jessica-ashley-releases-her-debut-ep-prelude/ |archive-date=22 June 2012 |df= }}</ref> Karpov released three singles off ''Prelude'' ("Souvenir", "24 Hours" and "Neverland"). Videos for the three singles accumulated millions of views on both [[YouTube]] and [[Vevo]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Brayl|first=Rob|title=Jessica Ashley Enters the Building|url=http://www.biggerthanbeyonce.com/2013/01/jessica-ashley-enters-the-building/|publisher=BiggerthanBeyonce|accessdate=1 January 2013}}</ref> The video for "Neverland" featured actor [[Justin Gaston|Juston Gaston]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Staff|first=Writer|title=Twist Chats with Jessica Ashley|url=http://www.twistmagazine.com/posts/twist-exclusive-twist-chats-with-jessica-ashley-8371|accessdate=24 May 2012|newspaper=Twist Magazine}}</ref> and had Karpov taking on the role of a contemporary [[Cinderella]]. In 2013, Karpov pursued a management contract with MGMT Company of [[Los Angeles, California]]. In April 2014, Karpov signed a record deal with [[Epic Records]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cardenes|first=Andrew|title=Jessica Ashley Teams Up With Epic Records For Her Debut Album|url=http://next2shine.com/jessica-ashley-teams-up-with-epic-records-for-her-debut-album|publisher=Next2Shine|accessdate=15 April 2014}}</ref> In 2019, Karpov provided the singing voice of Flora in the anime television series ''[[Carole & Tuesday]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://caroleandtuesday.com/music/onairlist/|title=OnAir List -CAROLE & TUESDAY Official Site- - キャロル＆チューズデイ|website=caroleandtuesday.com|accessdate=2 October 2019}}</ref>

==Discography==

===Albums===
*''[https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/prelude-ep/id532423689 Prelude]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Staff|first=Writer|title=J-14 Hot Music Alert: Jessica Ashley|url=http://www.j-14.com/posts/j-14-hot-music-alert-jessica-ashley-5984|accessdate=4 February 2013|newspaper=J-14}}</ref> (2012)

===Singles===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|Year
! style="text-align:left; width:16em;"|Title
! style="text-align:center;"|Album
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012
| "[http://www.vevo.com/watch/jessica-ashley/souvenir/USA561137027 Souvenir"<ref>{{cite web|last=Staff |first=Writer |title=Exclusive Q&A: Jessica Ashley dishes on her Single "Souvenir" & Working with Justin Gaston |url=http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |publisher=ClevverTV |access-date=17 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418064215/http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |archive-date=18 April 2012 |df= }}</ref> ][[Jessica Ashley#cite%20note-16|[16]]] <ref>{{cite web|last=Staff |first=Writer |title=Exclusive Q&A: Jessica Ashley dishes on her Single "Souvenir" & Working with Justin Gaston |url=http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |publisher=ClevverTV |access-date=17 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418064215/http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |archive-date=18 April 2012 |df= }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #15 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Staff|first=Writer|title=J-14 Hot Music Alert: Jessica Ashley|url=http://www.j-14.com/posts/j-14-hot-music-alert-jessica-ashley-5984|accessdate=4 February 2013|newspaper=J-14}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #14 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-14|[14]]] [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-14|[14]]]
| rowspan="3" | Prelude
|-
| "[http://www.vevo.com/watch/jessica-ashley/24-hours/USA561246667 24 Hours"<ref>{{cite web|last=Vinaixa|first=Josep|title=Jessica Ashley 24 Hours|url=http://www.vevo.com/watch/jessica-ashley/24-hours/USA561246667|publisher=Josepvinaica.com|accessdate=11 August 2012}}</ref> ][[Jessica Ashley#cite%20note-19|[19]]] <ref>{{cite web|last=Vinaixa|first=Josep|title=Jessica Ashley 24 Hours|url=http://www.vevo.com/watch/jessica-ashley/24-hours/USA561246667|publisher=Josepvinaica.com|accessdate=11 August 2012}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #16 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Staff |first=Writer |title=Exclusive Q&A: Jessica Ashley dishes on her Single "Souvenir" & Working with Justin Gaston |url=http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |publisher=ClevverTV |access-date=17 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418064215/http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |archive-date=18 April 2012 |df= }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #15 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-15|[15]]] [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-15|[15]]]
|-
| "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNPpspvDJUo "Neverland"<ref>{{cite web|last=Rubenstein|first=Jenna Hally|title=New Video: Jessica Ashley "Neverland"|url=http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2013/01/17/jessica-ashley-neverland-video/|publisher=MTV Buzzworthy|accessdate=17 January 2013}}</ref> ][[Jessica Ashley#cite%20note-22|[22]]] <ref>{{cite web|last=Rubenstein|first=Jenna Hally|title=New Video: Jessica Ashley "Neverland"|url=http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2013/01/17/jessica-ashley-neverland-video/|publisher=MTV Buzzworthy|accessdate=17 January 2013}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #17 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Vinaixa|first=Josep|title=Jessica Ashley 24 Hours|url=http://www.vevo.com/watch/jessica-ashley/24-hours/USA561246667|publisher=Josepvinaica.com|accessdate=11 August 2012}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #16 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-16|[16]]] [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-16|[16]]]
|}

===Guest appearances===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:2em;"| Year
! scope="col" colspan="3"| Peak chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:15em;"| [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]] <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/titel-details-1867815 |title=Robin Schulz feat. Harlœ – All This Love (Single) |publisher=offiziellecharts.de |accessdate=2019-07-12}}</ref>
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Robin+Schulz+feat%2E+Harl%9C&titel=All+This+Love&cat=s|title=Robin Schulz feat. Harlœ – All This Love (Single)|publisher=austriancharts.at|accessdate=2019-07-17}}</ref>
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://swisscharts.com/song/Robin-Schulz-feat.-Harloe/All-This-Love-1867815|title=Robin Schulz feat. Harlœ – All This Love (Single)|publisher=swisscharts.com|accessdate=2019-05-12}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "All This Love" {{small|([[Robin Schulz]] feat. Harlœ)}}<ref>{{cite web|title=|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://www.discogs.com/de/Robin-Schulz-All-This-Love/release/13580782|url-status=|format=|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|date=|year=|month=|day=|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref>
| 2019
| 26 || 32 || 28
|
| {{TBA}}
|}

==Songwriting discography==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Artist
!scope="col" style="width:18em;"| Album
|-
!scope="row"|"Cool"
| rowspan="3"|2014
| Maude
| ''#HoldUp''
|-
!scope="row"|"No More Second Chances" {{small|(featuring Jessica Ashley)}}
| [[MKTO]]
| ''[[MKTO (album)|MKTO]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"Unbreakable"
| [[Madison Beer]]
| {{n/a|Non-album single}}
|-
!scope="row"|"Kinda Miss You"
| 2015
| [[Deborah Cox]]
| ''Work of Art''
|-
!scope="row"|"Love Me Down"
| rowspan="4"|2016
| [[Britney Spears]]
| ''[[Glory (Britney Spears album)|Glory]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"Secret (Shh)"
| [[Charli XCX]]
| ''[[Vroom Vroom (EP)|Vroom Vroom]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"Thin Air" {{small|(featuring [[Jordan Fisher]])}}
| [[Olivia Holt]]
| ''[[Olivia (EP)|Olivia]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"Body Speak"
| [[Serayah (actress)|Serayah]]
| ''[[Empire: Original Soundtrack Season 2 Volume 2]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"[[Heat (Kelly Clarkson song)|Heat]]"
| rowspan="4"|2017
| rowspan="4"|[[Kelly Clarkson]]
| rowspan="4"|''[[Meaning of Life (album)|Meaning of Life]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"Medicine"
|-
!scope="row"|"Cruel"
|-
!scope="row"|"[[I Don't Think About You]]"
|-
|"The Hard Way"
|2019
|[[Celine Dion]]
|[[Courage (Celine Dion album)|Courage]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashley, Jessica}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:American contemporary R&B singers]]
[[Category:American people of Russian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Romanian descent]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Queens, New York]]
[[Category:People from Lynbrook, New York]]
[[Category:21st-century American women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century American singers]]
[[Category:Lynbrook Senior High School alumni]]

Harloe

2019-12-22T20:56:16Z

69.137.78.47: /* Biography */ Formatting; and don't use given names in a formal setting unless it's to differentiate two people with the same family name.

{{About|the singer|the [[Playboy Playmate]]|Jessica Ashley (model)}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Jessica Ashley
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Jessica Ashley Karpov
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1992}}
| death_date =
| origin = [[Queens, New York]]
| genre = [[Contemporary R&B]], [[Soul music|Soul]] [[Pop music|Pop]]
| occupation = [[Singer]] [[Songwriter]] [[Pianist]] [[Guitar]] [[Music producer|Music Producer]]
| years_active = 2009 – present
| website = [https://twitter.com/iamj_ashley Twitter]
| associated_acts =
}}

'''Jessica Ashley Karpov''', better known as "'''Harlœ'''" and '''Jessica Ashley''') (born 1992<ref>{{cite web|last=Gomes |first=Charlotte |title=Jessica Ashley Releases Her Debut EP "Prelude" |url=http://yourmusicrefill.com/jessica-ashley-releases-her-debut-ep-prelude/ |publisher=YourMusicRefill |access-date=19 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622180439/http://yourmusicrefill.com/jessica-ashley-releases-her-debut-ep-prelude/ |archive-date=22 June 2012 |df= }}</ref>), is an [[United States|American]] [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] [[singer]], currently signed to M2V/[[Epic Records]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cardenes|first=Andrew|title=Jessica Ashley Teams Up with Epic Records for her Debut Album|url=http://blog.thenext2shine.com/jessica-ashley-teams-up-with-epic-records-for-her-debut-album|publisher=Next2Shine|access-date=16 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421075820/http://blog.thenext2shine.com/jessica-ashley-teams-up-with-epic-records-for-her-debut-album|archive-date=21 April 2014|df=}}</ref> She gained popularity and a large following by posting [[YouTube]] cover videos for several years.<ref>{{cite web|last=Staff|first=Writer|title=YouTube Sensation Jessica Ashley Releases Full EP|url=http://www.celebuzz.com/2012-06-25/youtube-sensation-jessica-ashley-releases-full-ep-audio/|publisher=Celebuzz|accessdate=1 July 2012}}</ref>

In addition to her career as a recording artist, Karpov wrote songs for [[Kelly Clarkson]], [[JoJo (singer)|JoJo]], [[MKTO]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Wass|first=Mike|title=Why MKTO Should be on your Pop Radar|url=http://www.idolator.com/7505039/why-mkto-should-be-on-your-pop-radar|publisher=Idolator|accessdate=7 February 2014}}</ref> [[Maude Harcheb|Maude]], [[Madison Beer]], [[Charli XCX]], [[Britney Spears]] and [[Leona Lewis]]. She is currently recording her debut studio album<ref>{{cite web|author=Alex|title=New Music: Jessica Ashley|url=http://yourmusicmyworld.com/music-jessica-ashley-night/|publisher=Your Music My World|access-date=23 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.is/20140310092110/http://yourmusicmyworld.com/music-jessica-ashley-night/|archive-date=10 March 2014|df=}}</ref> with [[Evan Bogart]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Omer|first=Tony|title=Livingston Taylor and New Singing Sensation at Old Whaling Church|url=http://www.mvtimes.com/2013/08/21/livingston-taylor-new-singing-sensation-old-whaling-church-16972/|accessdate=21 August 2014|newspaper=MV Times}}</ref> and [[Eman Kiriakou|Eman Kirakou]].

==Biography==
Born Jessica Ashley Karpov in [[Queens, New York]], she is the child of Laura and Igor Karpov. Her sister, Suzanne, is an [[opera singer]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Tim|title=Maryland Opera Studio to give Reading of 'Scalia/Ginsburg' Opera by Baltimore Native|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2014-02-14/entertainment/bal-maryland-opera-studio-to-give-reading-of-scaliaginsburg-opera-20140214_1_justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-maryland-opera-studio-comic-opera|accessdate=14 February 2014|newspaper=Baltimore Sun}}</ref> She is of Russian and Romanian descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/IamJ_Ashley/status/260227231677304833|title=I'm mixed Romanian and Russian|publisher=Twitter.com |accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref> Karpov graduated from [[Lynbrook High School]] in [[Lynbrook, New York]] in 2010 and attended [[performing arts]] school, [[Clive Davis Department of Recorded Music|NYU Clive Davis School of Recorded Music]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Staff|first=Writer|title=Artist Alert: Jessica Ashley|url=http://www.fanlala.com/news/artist-alert-jessica-ashley|publisher=FanLaLa|accessdate=12 September 2012}}</ref> in [[New York, New York]].

She has been performing, singing and dancing, publicly since 2009. In 2016, she released her first single as Harlœ, ''All in My Feelings''. In 2012, she released an EP as Jessica Ashley, ''Prelude'', to critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gomes |first=Charlotte |title=Jessica Ashley Releases Her Debut EP "Prelude" |url=http://yourmusicrefill.com/jessica-ashley-releases-her-debut-ep-prelude/ |publisher=YourMusicRefill |access-date=19 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622180439/http://yourmusicrefill.com/jessica-ashley-releases-her-debut-ep-prelude/ |archive-date=22 June 2012 |df= }}</ref> Karpov released three singles off Prelude (Souvenir, 24 Hours and Neverland). Videos for the three singles accumulated millions of views on both [[YouTube]] and [[Vevo]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Brayl|first=Rob|title=Jessica Ashley Enters the Building|url=http://www.biggerthanbeyonce.com/2013/01/jessica-ashley-enters-the-building/|publisher=BiggerthanBeyonce|accessdate=1 January 2013}}</ref> The video for Neverland featured actor, [[Justin Gaston|Juston Gaston]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Staff|first=Writer|title=Twist Chats with Jessica Ashley|url=http://www.twistmagazine.com/posts/twist-exclusive-twist-chats-with-jessica-ashley-8371|accessdate=24 May 2012|newspaper=Twist Magazine}}</ref> and featured Karpov taking on the role of a contemporary [[Cinderella]]. In 2013, Karpov pursued a management contract with MGMT Company of [[Los Angeles, California]]. In April 2014, Karpov signed a record deal with [[Epic Records]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cardenes|first=Andrew|title=Jessica Ashley Teams Up With Epic Records For Her Debut Album|url=http://next2shine.com/jessica-ashley-teams-up-with-epic-records-for-her-debut-album|publisher=Next2Shine|accessdate=15 April 2014}}</ref> In 2019, Karpov provided the singing voice of Flora in the anime television series ''[[Carole & Tuesday]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://caroleandtuesday.com/music/onairlist/|title=OnAir List -CAROLE & TUESDAY Official Site- - キャロル＆チューズデイ|website=caroleandtuesday.com|accessdate=2 October 2019}}</ref>

==Discography==

===Albums===
*''[https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/prelude-ep/id532423689 Prelude]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Staff|first=Writer|title=J-14 Hot Music Alert: Jessica Ashley|url=http://www.j-14.com/posts/j-14-hot-music-alert-jessica-ashley-5984|accessdate=4 February 2013|newspaper=J-14}}</ref> (2012)

===Singles===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|Year
! style="text-align:left; width:16em;"|Title
! style="text-align:center;"|Album
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012
| "[http://www.vevo.com/watch/jessica-ashley/souvenir/USA561137027 Souvenir"<ref>{{cite web|last=Staff |first=Writer |title=Exclusive Q&A: Jessica Ashley dishes on her Single "Souvenir" & Working with Justin Gaston |url=http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |publisher=ClevverTV |access-date=17 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418064215/http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |archive-date=18 April 2012 |df= }}</ref> ][[Jessica Ashley#cite%20note-16|[16]]] <ref>{{cite web|last=Staff |first=Writer |title=Exclusive Q&A: Jessica Ashley dishes on her Single "Souvenir" & Working with Justin Gaston |url=http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |publisher=ClevverTV |access-date=17 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418064215/http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |archive-date=18 April 2012 |df= }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #15 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Staff|first=Writer|title=J-14 Hot Music Alert: Jessica Ashley|url=http://www.j-14.com/posts/j-14-hot-music-alert-jessica-ashley-5984|accessdate=4 February 2013|newspaper=J-14}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #14 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-14|[14]]] [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-14|[14]]]
| rowspan="3" | Prelude
|-
| "[http://www.vevo.com/watch/jessica-ashley/24-hours/USA561246667 24 Hours"<ref>{{cite web|last=Vinaixa|first=Josep|title=Jessica Ashley 24 Hours|url=http://www.vevo.com/watch/jessica-ashley/24-hours/USA561246667|publisher=Josepvinaica.com|accessdate=11 August 2012}}</ref> ][[Jessica Ashley#cite%20note-19|[19]]] <ref>{{cite web|last=Vinaixa|first=Josep|title=Jessica Ashley 24 Hours|url=http://www.vevo.com/watch/jessica-ashley/24-hours/USA561246667|publisher=Josepvinaica.com|accessdate=11 August 2012}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #16 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Staff |first=Writer |title=Exclusive Q&A: Jessica Ashley dishes on her Single "Souvenir" & Working with Justin Gaston |url=http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |publisher=ClevverTV |access-date=17 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418064215/http://www.clevvertv.com/interviews/33402/exclusive-qa-jessica-ashley-dishes-on-her-single-souvenir-working-with-justin-gaston.html |archive-date=18 April 2012 |df= }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #15 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-15|[15]]] [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-15|[15]]]
|-
| "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNPpspvDJUo "Neverland"<ref>{{cite web|last=Rubenstein|first=Jenna Hally|title=New Video: Jessica Ashley "Neverland"|url=http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2013/01/17/jessica-ashley-neverland-video/|publisher=MTV Buzzworthy|accessdate=17 January 2013}}</ref> ][[Jessica Ashley#cite%20note-22|[22]]] <ref>{{cite web|last=Rubenstein|first=Jenna Hally|title=New Video: Jessica Ashley "Neverland"|url=http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2013/01/17/jessica-ashley-neverland-video/|publisher=MTV Buzzworthy|accessdate=17 January 2013}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #17 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Vinaixa|first=Josep|title=Jessica Ashley 24 Hours|url=http://www.vevo.com/watch/jessica-ashley/24-hours/USA561246667|publisher=Josepvinaica.com|accessdate=11 August 2012}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/911226307 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909875760 cite #16 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-16|[16]]] [[Jessica Ashley#cite note-16|[16]]]
|}

===Guest appearances===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:2em;"| Year
! scope="col" colspan="3"| Peak chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:15em;"| [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]] <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/titel-details-1867815 |title=Robin Schulz feat. Harlœ – All This Love (Single) |publisher=offiziellecharts.de |accessdate=2019-07-12}}</ref>
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Robin+Schulz+feat%2E+Harl%9C&titel=All+This+Love&cat=s|title=Robin Schulz feat. Harlœ – All This Love (Single)|publisher=austriancharts.at|accessdate=2019-07-17}}</ref>
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://swisscharts.com/song/Robin-Schulz-feat.-Harloe/All-This-Love-1867815|title=Robin Schulz feat. Harlœ – All This Love (Single)|publisher=swisscharts.com|accessdate=2019-05-12}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "All This Love" {{small|([[Robin Schulz]] feat. Harlœ)}}<ref>{{cite web|title=|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://www.discogs.com/de/Robin-Schulz-All-This-Love/release/13580782|url-status=|format=|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|date=|year=|month=|day=|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref>
| 2019
| 26 || 32 || 28
|
| {{TBA}}
|}

==Songwriting discography==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Artist
!scope="col" style="width:18em;"| Album
|-
!scope="row"|"Cool"
| rowspan="3"|2014
| Maude
| ''#HoldUp''
|-
!scope="row"|"No More Second Chances" {{small|(featuring Jessica Ashley)}}
| [[MKTO]]
| ''[[MKTO (album)|MKTO]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"Unbreakable"
| [[Madison Beer]]
| {{n/a|Non-album single}}
|-
!scope="row"|"Kinda Miss You"
| 2015
| [[Deborah Cox]]
| ''Work of Art''
|-
!scope="row"|"Love Me Down"
| rowspan="4"|2016
| [[Britney Spears]]
| ''[[Glory (Britney Spears album)|Glory]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"Secret (Shh)"
| [[Charli XCX]]
| ''[[Vroom Vroom (EP)|Vroom Vroom]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"Thin Air" {{small|(featuring [[Jordan Fisher]])}}
| [[Olivia Holt]]
| ''[[Olivia (EP)|Olivia]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"Body Speak"
| [[Serayah (actress)|Serayah]]
| ''[[Empire: Original Soundtrack Season 2 Volume 2]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"[[Heat (Kelly Clarkson song)|Heat]]"
| rowspan="4"|2017
| rowspan="4"|[[Kelly Clarkson]]
| rowspan="4"|''[[Meaning of Life (album)|Meaning of Life]]''
|-
!scope="row"|"Medicine"
|-
!scope="row"|"Cruel"
|-
!scope="row"|"[[I Don't Think About You]]"
|-
|"The Hard Way"
|2019
|[[Celine Dion]]
|[[Courage (Celine Dion album)|Courage]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashley, Jessica}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:American contemporary R&B singers]]
[[Category:American people of Russian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Romanian descent]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Queens, New York]]
[[Category:People from Lynbrook, New York]]
[[Category:21st-century American women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century American singers]]
[[Category:Lynbrook Senior High School alumni]]

Tory Bruno

2019-09-29T02:28:19Z

69.137.78.47: Rv; let's not, eh?

{{Infobox person
| name = Tory Bruno
| image = Tory Bruno February 2018 (crop).jpg
| caption = Bruno in February 2018
| alt = Bruno, wearing a suit with blue tie, gestures as though presenting something off-camera.
| birth_name = Salvatore Thomas Bruno
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1961|11|03}}
| birth_place = [[Monterey, California]], [[U.S.]]
| nationality = American
| education = [[Mechanical Engineering]] ([[B.Sc.]])
| alma_mater = [[California Polytechnic State University]]
| title = [[President (corporate title)|President]] and [[Chief Executive Officer]] of [[United Launch Alliance]]
}}

'''Tory Bruno''' (born November 3, 1961 as Salvatore Thomas Bruno) is an [[United States|American]] aerospace engineer, rocket scientist and executive. He has been the [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of [[United Launch Alliance]] since August 2014. Before ULA, he worked at [[Lockheed Martin]], where he made the transition from engineer to executive.

== Early life ==
Salvatore "Tory" Thomas Bruno was born in [[Monterey, California]] in 1961 to Martha Scott (Martin) Bruno and Thomas Salvatore Bruno, a commercial fisherman.<ref name=":0">Interview with Tory Bruno, December 2016</ref> Tory was raised by his maternal Grandmother, Virginia (Krause) Martin on her small ranch in California's [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada Mountains]] in [[Amador County, California|Amador County]]. <ref>https://www.valleymorningstar.com/news/local_news/ula-s-new-rising-star/article_6267cb46-5cb9-11e4-9453-0017a43b2370.html?mode=jqm</ref>

As early as twelve, he was interested in rocketry. Inspired by watching the moon landings, Bruno was determined to build his own model rockets. When he found a case of 80 year old [[dynamite]] in the back of the barn, he used a pen knife to cut open the sticks and extract the explosives which become propellant for his homemade solid rocket motors.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.valleymorningstar.com/news/local_news/article_ea2f7026-5cb7-11e4-989c-0017a43b2370.html|title=ULA’s new, rising star|newspaper=Valley Morning Star|access-date=2017-01-08}}</ref>

== Education ==

Bruno graduated from [[Amador County, California|Amador County]] High School <ref>http://amadorhighschool.org/alumni/8217361/tory-bruno.html</ref>{{full|date=June 2019}}. He also briefly attended [[Queen Anne High School (Seattle, Washington)|Queen Anne High School]] in Seattle.<ref>http://www.qagrizzlies.org/ClassPages/webDirectory.aspx?y=79</ref>{{full|date=June 2019}}

== Career ==

=== Lockheed Martin ===

Bruno started with [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] as a summer intern while still attending Cal Poly. He worked as a mechanical engineer in the quality assurance organization of the [[Missile Systems Division]]. He spent that summer working on various generations of the [[Fleet Ballistic Missile]].<ref name=":0" />

Upon graduation from Cal Poly, he returned to [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] as a structures designer working primarily on the Trident I and II [[Submarine-launched ballistic missile|SLBM]] Missiles. After a few years, he transferred to the mechanical controls group. There, he developed experience in reaction and thrust vector control systems. These were applied to a wide variety of systems including the [[Polaris SLBM]], [[Poseidon SLBM]], Trident [[Submarine-launched ballistic missile|SLBM]], Minuteman [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|ICBM]], and Peace Keeper [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|ICBM]] as well as the [[Lockheed Launch Vehicle]]. Bruno also briefly supported the [[Space Shuttle]].<ref name=":0" />

Eventually, Bruno joined the advanced programs team where he worked on new rocket technologies, filing patents,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/about_bios_sbruno.aspx|title=ULA Leadership Bios|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> trade secrets, and invention disclosures. After several years as a control systems designer and analyst, he transferred to the propulsion department where he became a ballistician and ordnance engineer.<ref name=":0" />

=== United Launch Alliance ===

In August 2014, Bruno left [[Lockheed Martin]] to become the president and chief executive officer of [[United Launch Alliance]] (ULA),<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/ula-names-tory-bruno-president-and-chief.aspx|title=ULA news release|last=|first=|date=|work=|access-date=|via=}}</ref> a joint venture of [[Boeing]] and [[Lockheed Martin]]. Bruno's appointment came as ULA was facing increased competition from newer entrants into the space launch industry, especially from [[SpaceX]] with their partially-reusable [[Falcon 9]] rocket, in addition to political pressure from the [[United States Congress]] to stop purchasing the [[Russia]]n-made [[RD-180]] rocket engines for use on the [[Atlas V]]. Under Bruno's leadership, ULA responded to these issues by announcing [[Vulcan (rocket)|Vulcan]], a new rocket building on the technology of Atlas V and [[Delta IV]], using the [[BE-4]] engine developed by [[Blue Origin]].

== Books ==
"Templar Organization, The Management of Warrior Monasticism", by S. T. Bruno {{isbn|978-1587216213}}

"Templar Incorporated", by Tory Bruno {{isbn|978-1419632402}}

== Awards ==
Von Karman Lecture in Astronautics, [[AIAA]]<ref> http://www.aiaa.org 2019 Von Karman Lecture in Astronautics</ref>{{full|date=June 2019}}

Werner Von Braun Memorial Award, National Space Society

Alan Smith Distinguished Lectureship, [[Florida Institute of Technology]] <ref>http://www.FIT.edu. F. Alan Smith Distinguished Lecture Series</ref>{{full|date=June 2019}}

Cal Poly University Distinguished Alumni  <ref>http://www.calpolynews.calpoly.edu</ref>{{full|date=June 2019}}

Commander of the Order of Merit, [[SMOTJ]] <ref>http://templartimes.smotj.org/20171013_news.htm</ref>{{full|date=June 2019}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bruno, Tory}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American aerospace businesspeople]]
[[Category:American technology chief executives]]
[[Category:People in the space industry]]
[[Category:United Launch Alliance]]
[[Category:1961 births]]

Valkyrie (Marvel Comics)

2019-09-21T21:18:30Z

69.137.78.47: General cleanup throughout, but unable to actually fix the display error. Strangest thing.

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{For|other uses of Valkyrie in comics|Valkyrie (comics)}}
{{short description|Marvel Comics superhero}}
{{Infobox comics character| 
|image=File:Valkyrie by Mike Deodato.png
|caption=Variant cover of ''[[Secret Avengers]]'' #3 (July 2010) Art by [[Mike Deodato]]
|character_name=Valkyrie
|real_name=Brunnhilde
|publisher=Marvel Comics
|debut=''[[The Avengers (comic book)|The Avengers]]'' #83 (December 1970)
|creators={{plainlist|
* [[Roy Thomas]] (writer)
* [[John Buscema]] (artist)}}
|alliances={{plainlist|
* [[Valkyrior]]
* [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]]
* [[Secret Avengers]]
* [[Defenders (comics)|Defenders]]}}
|aliases={{plainlist|
* Samantha Parrington
* Barbara Norris
* Sian Bowen
* [[Annabelle Riggs]]}}
|species=[[Asgard (comics)|Asgardian]] Valkyrie
|powers=
*Superhuman strength, speed, durability, and longevity
*Mediumship with spirits of the dead
}}

'''Valkyrie''' is a fictional [[superheroine]] appearing in [[American comic book]]s published by [[Marvel Comics]]. The character, based on the [[Norse mythology|Norse mythological]] figure [[Brynhildr]], was created by [[Roy Thomas]] and [[John Buscema]]. First appearing in ''[[The Avengers (comic book)|The Avengers]]'' #83 (December 1970), Valkyrie became a mainstay of the superhero team known as the [[Defenders (comics)|Defenders]] and a close ally and one-time love interest of the superhero [[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]].

Valkyrie, also known by her [[Asgard (comics)|Asgardian]] name '''Brunnhilde''', was selected by [[Odin (comics)|Odin]] to lead his personal [[Military organization#Commands, formations and units|unit]] of [[shield-maiden]]s, the [[Valkyrior]]. Renowned for her prowess in battle, Valkyrie is often accompanied by her [[Flying horses|winged horse]] [[Aragorn (comics)|Aragorn]] and carries the enchanted sword Dragonfang. In the 2010s, Valkyrie became a founding member of the [[Secret Avengers]] and co-leader of the [[Fearless Defenders]] with [[Misty Knight]]. Among Valkyrie's other aliases are Barbara Norris, Samantha Parrington, Sian Bowen and [[Annabelle Riggs]], who all at one point hosted her spirit. Samantha Parrington, one of Valkyrie's previous hosts, later received superhuman powers and became a member of the Defenders herself.

[[Tessa Thompson]] portrays the character in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] films ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'' (2017), ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019), and will return in ''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'' (2021).

==Publication history==
The Valkyrie first appeared as a guise of the [[Enchantress (Marvel Comics)|Enchantress]] in ''[[The Avengers (comic book)|The Avengers]]'' #83 (December 1970) and was created by [[Roy Thomas]] and [[John Buscema]].<ref name="Avengers83">{{cite comic |writer=[[Roy Thomas|Thomas, Roy]] |penciller=[[John Buscema|Buscema, John]] |inker=[[Tom Palmer (comics)|Tom Palmer]] |story=Come on in, the Revolution's Fine |title=The [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]] |issue=83 |date=December 1970}}</ref> Thomas used another iteration of the character when the Valkyrie persona was placed into a mortal woman named Samantha Parrington as an adversary for the [[Hulk]] in ''[[The Incredible Hulk (comic book)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' #142 (August 1971).<ref name="Bustle">{{cite web |url=https://www.bustle.com/p/what-happens-between-thor-valkyrie-in-the-comics-the-heroes-make-quite-a-pair-3075493 |title=What Happens Between Thor & Valkyrie In The Comics? The Heroes Make Quite A Pair |last=Brayson |first=Johnny |publisher=[[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle]] |date=November 2, 2017 |accessdate=June 2, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602041049/https://www.bustle.com/p/what-happens-between-thor-valkyrie-in-the-comics-the-heroes-make-quite-a-pair-3075493 |archivedate=June 2, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hulk142">{{cite comic |writer=Thomas, Roy |penciller=[[Herb Trimpe|Trimpe, Herb]] |inker=[[John Severin|Severin, John]] |story=They Shoot Hulks, Don't They? |title=[[The Incredible Hulk (comic book)|The Incredible Hulk]] |volume=2 |issue=142 |date=August 1971}}</ref>

Writer [[Steve Englehart]] and artist [[Sal Buscema]] put the Valkyrie's essence into another mortal woman, Barbara Norris, in ''[[The Defenders (comic book)|The Defenders]]'' #4 (February 1973) and had the character join the group as a longtime member.<ref name="Bustle" /><ref name="Defenders4">{{cite comic |writer=[[Steve Englehart|Engelhart, Steve]] |penciller=[[Sal Buscema|Buscema, Sal]] |inker=[[Frank McLaughlin (artist)|McLaughlin, Frank]] |story=The New Defender! |title=The [[Defenders (comics)|Defenders]] |issue=4 |date=February 1973}}</ref><ref name="Sanderson">{{cite book |last=Sanderson |first=Peter |authorlink=Peter Sanderson |last2=Gilbert |first2=Laura, ed. |chapter=1970s |title=Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History |publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]] |year=2008 |location=London, United Kingdom |page=158 |isbn=978-0756641238 |quote=[The] Enchantress of Asgard, endowed Barbara Norris with the consciousness, physical appearance, and superhuman powers of Brunnhilde, leader of the Valkyries.}}</ref> Englehart has stated that he added the Valkyrie to the Defenders "to provide some texture to the group".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.steveenglehart.com/Comics/Defenders%201-7.html |title=The Defenders I |first=Steve |last=Englehart |date=n.d. |publisher=SteveEnglehart.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831141756/http://www.steveenglehart.com/Comics/Defenders%201-7.html |archivedate=August 31, 2013 |url-status=live |accessdate=March 10, 2013}}</ref> [[Steve Gerber]] introduced Jack Norris as the estranged husband of Barbara but the Valkyrie persona had no memory of him.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Steve Gerber|Gerber, Steve]] |penciller=Buscema, Sal |inker=[[Vince Colletta|Colletta, Vince]] |story=..the Snakes Shall Inherit the Earth! |title=The Defenders |issue=23 |date=May 1975}}</ref> Writers [[David Anthony Kraft]] and [[Ed Hannigan]] explained some of the Valykrie's backstory in ''The Defenders'' #66-68 (Dec. 1978–Feb. 1979).<ref name="Defenders66">{{cite comic |writer=[[David Anthony Kraft|Kraft, David Anthony]] |penciller=[[Ed Hannigan|Hannigan, Ed]] |inker=[[Bruce Patterson (comics)|Patterson, Bruce]] |story=Val in Valhalla Part One War of the Dead! |title=The Defenders |issue=66 |date=December 1978}}</ref><ref name="Defenders67">{{cite comic |writer=Kraft, David Anthony; Hannigan, Ed |penciller=Hannigan, Ed |inker=Patterson, Bruce |story=Val in Valhalla Part Two We, The Unliving... |title=The Defenders |issue=67 |date=January 1979}}</ref><ref name="Defenders68">{{cite comic |writer=Kraft, David Anthony; Hannigan, Ed |penciller=Trimpe, Herb |inker=[[Pablo Marcos|Marcos, Pablo]] |story=Valhalla Can Wait! |title=The Defenders |issue=68 |date=February 1979}}</ref> Three years later, writers [[J. M. DeMatteis]] and [[Mark Gruenwald]] wrote a follow-up story in ''The Defenders'' #107-109 (May–July 1982) which resolved remaining plot points from the Kraft and Hannigan story.<ref name="Defenders107">{{cite comic |writer=[[J. M. DeMatteis|DeMatteis, J. M.]] |penciller=[[Don Perlin|Perlin, Don]] |inker=[[Mike Esposito (comics)|Esposito, Mike]]; [[Chic Stone|Stone, Chic]]; [[Sal Trapani|Trapani, Sal]]; [[Al Milgrom|Milgrom, Al]] |story=On Death and Dying... |title=The Defenders |issue=107 |date=May 1982}}</ref><ref name="Defenders108">{{cite comic |writer=DeMatteis, J. M.; [[Mark Gruenwald|Gruenwald, Mark]] |penciller=Perlin, Don |inker=[[Joe Sinnott|Sinnott, Joe]]; Trapani, Sal; [[Hilary Barta|Barta, Hilary]]; Milgrom, Al |story=The Wasteland |title=The Defenders |issue=108 |date=June 1982}}</ref><ref name="Defenders109">{{cite comic |writer=DeMatteis, J. M.; Gruenwald, Mark |penciller=Perlin, Don |inker=Sinnott, Joe |story=Vengeance! Cries the Valkyrie! |title=The Defenders |issue=109 |date=July 1982}}</ref>

The Valkyrie remained a member of the Defenders through most of the series' run and is apparently killed in the final issue, #152 (Feb. 1986).<ref name="Defenders152">{{cite comic |writer=Gillis, Peter B. |penciller=Perlin, Don |inker=[[Dell Barras|Barras, Dell]] |story=The End of All Songs |title=The Defenders |issue=152 |date=February 1986}}</ref> According to writer [[Peter B. Gillis]], the Valkyrie's death was part of an editorial edict to free up the surviving Defenders for use in ''[[X-Factor (comics)|X-Factor]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=DeAngelo |first=Daniel |date=July 2013 |title=The Not-Ready-For-Super-Team Players: A History of the Defenders |journal=[[Back Issue!]] |issue=65 |page=16 |publisher=[[TwoMorrows Publishing]]}}</ref> The character was restored to life in a ''Doctor Strange'' storyline written by Gillis in 1988<ref name="DrStrange3">{{cite comic |writer=Gillis, Peter B. |penciller=[[Richard Case|Case, Richard]] |inker=[[Randy Emberlin|Emberlin, Randy]] |story=Dragoncircle |title=Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme |issue=3 |date=March 1989}}</ref><ref name="DrStrange4">{{cite comic |writer=Gillis, Peter B. |penciller=Case, Richard |inker=[[Tony DeZuniga|DeZuniga, Tony]] |story=Dragon's Dream |title=Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme |issue=4 |date=May 1989}}</ref> and made only a few appearances in the 1990s.

In 2001, writer [[Kurt Busiek]] and co-writer/penciller [[Erik Larsen]] revived the ''Defenders'' series and restored Samantha Parrington as the mortal incarnation of the Valkyrie.<ref name="Defenders2.2">{{cite comic |writer=[[Kurt Busiek|Busiek, Kurt]]; [[Erik Larsen|Larsen, Erik]] |penciller=Larsen, Erik |inker=[[Klaus Janson|Janson, Klaus]]; [[Dick Giordano|Giordano, Dick]] |story=The Curse |title=The Defenders |volume=2 |issue=2 |date=April 2001}}</ref><ref name="Defenders2.3">{{cite comic |writer=Busiek, Kurt; Larsen, Erik |penciller=Larsen, Erik |inker=Janson, Klaus |story=The Armies of the Slain |title=The Defenders |volume=2 |issue=3 |date=May 2001}}</ref><ref name="Defenders2.4">{{cite comic |writer=Busiek, Kurt; Larsen, Erik |penciller=[[Ron Frenz|Frenz, Ron]] |inker=Hanna, Scott |story=Ride of the Valkyrie |title=The Defenders |volume=2 |issue=4 |date=June 2001}}</ref>

The Valkyrie's Asgardian iteration was restored in a [[one-shot (comics)|one-shot]] comic book<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Bryan J. L. Glass|Glass, Bryan J. L.]] |penciller=[[Phil Winslade|Winslade, Phil]] |inker=Winslade, Phil |story= |title=Tragic Opera |volume=2 |issue=1 |date=November 2010}}</ref> and the character appeared regularly throughout the ''Secret Avengers'' series, from issue #1 (July 2010) through its final issue #37 (March 2013). Valkyrie appears in the 2013 series ''[[Fearless Defenders]]'' by [[Cullen Bunn]] and [[Will Sliney]].<ref name="Fearless">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsarama.com/comics/fearless-defenders-marvel-now-cullen-bunn.html |title=Marvel NOW! Gets an All-Female Team of ''Fearless Defenders'' |last=Ching |first=Albert |date=November 8, 2012 |publisher=[[Newsarama]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119025806/http://www.newsarama.com/comics/fearless-defenders-marvel-now-cullen-bunn.html |archivedate=November 19, 2012 |url-status=live |accessdate=November 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/news/story/19674/marvel_now_qa_fearless_defenders |title=Marvel NOW! Q&A: Fearless Defenders |first=Ben |last=Morse |date=November 12, 2012 |publisher=Marvel Comics |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223203034/http://marvel.com/news/story/19674/marvel_now_qa_fearless_defenders |archivedate=December 23, 2012 |url-status=live |accessdate=November 13, 2012}}</ref>

Valkyrie began appearing as part of the [[Asgardians of the Galaxy]] team in 2018, and she plays a part in the War of the Realms storyline in 2019.<ref name="WotR">{{cite web |last1=Adams |first1=Tim |title=Marvel's War of the Realms Just Killed Another Asgardian Hero |url=https://www.cbr.com/war-of-the-realms-valkyrie-death/ |website=[[Comic Book Resources|CBR]] |accessdate=April 24, 2019 |date=April 17, 2019}}</ref>

==Fictional character biography==
Brunnhilde was selected by [[Odin (comics)|Odin]], King of the Gods of the realm of [[Asgard (comics)|Asgard]], to lead the [[Valkyrior]] (the Choosers of the Slain), a group of warrior goddesses who would appear over the battlefields of mortal worshippers of the Asgardian gods and choose which of the fallen were worthy to be taken to [[Valhalla]], the land of the honored dead. Brunnhilde served capably in this capacity for centuries.

According to a sentient, disembodied eye that claimed to have once belonged to Odin, the Asgardian monarch once gave his son [[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]] the mortal identity of the warrior Siegmund. Circumstances forced Odin to decree that Siegmund must be slain. Brunnhilde, recognizing that Odin was acting against his true wishes, sought to protect Siegmund, but Odin himself then caused Siegmund's death.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Thomas, Roy |penciller=[[Keith Pollard|Pollard, Keith]] |inker=Stone, Chic |story=From Valhalla--A Valkyrie! |title=[[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]] |issue=296 |date=June 1980}}</ref> Brunnhilde helped Siegmund's pregnant lover, Sieglinde get to safety. As punishment for her defiance, Odin removed Brunnhilde's Asgardian powers and immortality and cast her into a trance.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Thomas, Roy |penciller=Pollard, Keith |inker=Stone, Chic |story=The Sword of Siegfried! |title=Thor |issue=297 |date=July 1980}}</ref> She was eventually awakened by Siegfried, the son of Siegmund and Sieglinde and another mortal incarnation of Thor.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Thomas, Roy; [[Ralph Macchio (comics)|Ralph Macchio]] |penciller=Pollard, Keith |inker=Stone, Chic |story=Dragon's Blood! |title=Thor |issue=298 |date=August 1980}}</ref>

Brunnhilde and Siegfried became lovers, and she made him invulnerable so long as his back was not turned on his foe. Siegfried fell under the influence of magic and betrayed her.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Thomas, Roy; Gruenwald, Mark |penciller=Pollard, Keith |inker=Stone, Chic |story=Passions and Potions |title=Thor |issue=299 |date=September 1980}}</ref> He was later murdered, and Brunnhilde, still in love with him, leapt into his blazing funeral [[pyre]] (this part of her background was based on the [[Völsungasaga|Volsunga saga]]). Odin restored both of them to life, restoring their Asgardian roles and powers, but removing their memories of their earthly lives.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Gruenwald, Mark; Macchio, Ralph |penciller=Pollard, Keith |inker=[[Gene Day|Day, Gene]] |story=Chapter One Twilight of the Gods! |title=Thor |issue=300 |date=October 1980}}</ref> It is unclear how much truth, if any, there is to this account by the eye.

Brunnhilde and her fellow Valkyries continued to gather heroic mortal warriors for Valhalla until roughly a millennium ago, when Odin was forced to cease virtually all interaction with the Earth in accordance with a pact that he and the leaders of Earth's other pantheons of gods made with the extraterrestrial [[Celestial (comics)|Celestials]].<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Gruenwald, Mark; Macchio, Ralph |penciller=Pollard, Keith |inker=Day, Gene |story=Chapter Two Whatever Gods There Be... |title=Thor |issue=300 |date=October 1980}}</ref> From then onward, the Valkyries could only choose slain heroes from among fallen Asgardian warriors. Brunnhilde was bitter over being barred from choosing warriors on Earth and roamed Asgard in pursuit of something meaningful to do. In a tavern on the outskirts of Marmoragard, Brunnhilde encountered [[Enchantress (Marvel Comics)|Amora the Enchantress]], who offered her a life of adventure. For several weeks Brunnhilde accompanied the Enchantress on her conquests. Brunnhilde soon discovered Amora's immoral nature and tried to end their partnership. In response the Enchantress trapped Brunnhilde within a mystic crystal of souls.<ref name="Defenders108" /> While Brunnhilde's body remained in suspended animation, her immortal soul became Amora's plaything. Over the centuries the Enchantress used Brunnhilde's spiritual essence to give the Valkyrie's powers to herself or to her pawns.

Specific instances of Amora's exploitation of the Valkyrie before recent years are not yet known. The first time the Enchantress assumed the Valkyrie's physical aspect in recent years was in a plot to lead a handful of female superhumans against the male [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]] as the [[Lady Liberators]].<ref name="Avengers83" /> Her true identity was discovered and her plan thwarted. Months later, the Enchantress bestowed the Valkyrie's power upon a socialite named Samantha Parrington in an attempt to get revenge on the [[Hulk]].<ref name="Hulk142" />

[[File:ValkyrieAvengers83.png|thumb|left|upright|Cover of ''The Avengers'' #83 (Dec. 1970) by [[John Buscema]] and [[Tom Palmer (comics)|Tom Palmer]]]]

Finally, a woman driven mad by being trapped in another mystical dimension, Barbara Norris, was given the Valkyrie's power and consciousness by the Enchantress to help her then-allies, the group of superhumans called the [[Defenders (comics)|Defenders]], escape from the clutches of the sorceress Casiolena. Amora did not undo her spell on Norris after Casiolena's defeat.<ref name="Defenders4" /><ref name="Sanderson" /> As a result, Norris' body now possessed Brunnhilda's consciousness, appearance, and powers, while Norris' own mental essence was trapped in Brunnhilde's real body in Asgard. Aware that she was an immortal essence in a mortal woman's body, the Valkyrie briefly left the Defenders in an attempt to discover Barbara Norris' past.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Len Wein|Wein, Len]] |penciller=Buscema, Sal |inker=[[Dan Green (artist)|Green, Dan]] |story=Power Play! |title=The Defenders |issue=17 |date=November 1974}}</ref> She meets Norris' father, Alvin Denton, shortly before his death and then returns to the Defenders.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Gerber, Steve |penciller=Buscema, Sal |inker=Esposito, Mike |story=Name That Doom! |title=[[Marvel Two-in-One]] |issue=7 |date=January 1975}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic |writer=Gerber, Steve |penciller=Buscema, Sal |inker=Colletta, Vince |story=The Woman She Was...! |title=The Defenders |issue=20 |date=February 1975}}</ref>

It was not until a minor Asgardian warrior named [[Ullr|Ollerus]] attempted to take over Valhalla that the Valkyrie's two mixed aspects met for the first time.<ref name="Defenders66" /> Brunnhilde's mental essence trapped in Norris's transformed body, fought Norris’ mental essence trapped in Brunnhilde's real body.<ref name="Defenders67" /> At the end of that encounter, the Valkyrie's body, still possessed by Norris’ mind, was consigned to Niffleheim, the realm inhabited by the spirits of the non-heroic Asgardian dead, while Brunnhilde's mind in Norris’ transformed body accompanied the Defenders, who had made the other dimensional journey with her, back to Earth.<ref name="Defenders68" />

For reasons yet unknown, Brunnhilde was not concerned at this time about reuniting her mind with her true body. It was not until Barbara Norris’ body was murdered that the Valkyrie's spirit and mind were inadvertently freed from their mortal host.<ref name="Defenders107" /> With the help of [[Doctor Strange]]'s magic, Brunnhilde regained her true body, which was rescued from [[Asgard (comics)|Niffleheim]] by the Enchantress. Back in her real body, Brunnhilde regained her full memory and normal warrior personality as well. Brunnhilde then battled Amora and banished her to the crystal of souls. Feeling estranged from Asgard in general and Odin in particular for their neglect of her centuries-long plight, Brunnhilde chose to return to Earth with the Defenders.<ref name="Defenders109" />

[[File:ValkyrieDefenders66.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Cover of ''The Defenders'' #66 (Dec. 1978) by [[John Buscema]] and [[Bob McLeod (comics)|Bob McLeod]]]]

Odin placed the dangerously powerful self-styled goddess [[Moondragon]] into Brunnhilde's charge.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=DeMatteis, J. M. |penciller=Perlin, Don |inker=[[Kim DeMulder|DeMulder, Kim]] |story=Of Elves and Androids! |title=Defenders |issue=123 |date=September 1983}}</ref> Brunnhilde was to teach Moondragon humility, and Moondragon served alongside Brunnhilde in the Defenders. Brunnhilde was to take action against Moondragon should she again become a menace. Eventually Moondragon reformed, but later she fell once again under the malevolent influence of the alien entity called the [[Dragon of the Moon]]. Moondragon attacked the Defenders, but Brunnhilde, given temporary additional powers by Odin for this occasion, including the power to grow to gigantic stature, opposed her. Brunnhilde summoned other Valkyries to her aid and together with two other Defenders, the [[Archangel (comics)|Angel]] and [[Cloud (comics)|Cloud]], they defeated Moondragon but failed to capture her.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Peter B. Gillis|Gillis, Peter B.]] |penciller=Perlin, Don |inker=DeMulder, Kim |story=Dragon Midnight |title=Defenders |issue=144 |date=June 1985}}</ref>

Months later Moondragon returned to attack the Defenders. During this encounter, her power was vastly augmented by the alien [[Beyonder]]. In order to defeat the Dragon, Brunnhilde and the Eternal called [[Interloper (comics)|Interloper]] projected their immortal life forces against it. They were joined by Defenders member [[Andromeda (Marvel Comics)|Andromeda]] and the Defenders' former foe [[Manslaughter (comics)|Manslaughter]], for it was necessary that Brunnhilde's and Interloper's life forces pass through "mortal instruments" in order that Moondragon be defeated as well. Joining hands, the four allies hurled the tremendous power of their combined life forces at the Dragon, Moondragon, and the [[Gargoyle (comics)|Gargoyle]] II, whose body was now under the Dragon's control. Three other Defenders went to rescue endangered innocents, and when they returned, Brunnhilde, Interloper, Andromeda, Manslaughter, Moondragon, and Gargoyle had all seemingly been transformed into statues of ashes and dust, and the Dragon of the Moon was apparently gone.<ref name="Defenders152" />

Brunnhilde was restored to life by Doctor Strange, now in the host body of a woman known as '''Sian Bowen'''. The other Defenders, Interloper, Andromeda, and Manslaughter were restored to life as well and they formed the [[Defenders (comics)|Dragon Circle]] to battle the Dragon of the Moon. After the Dragon of the Moon was defeated, Brunnhilde returned to Asgard.<ref name="DrStrange3" /><ref name="DrStrange4" /> Brunnhilde was killed in battle just before [[Loki (comics)|Loki]]'s destruction of Asgard.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Michael Avon Oeming|Oeming, Michael Avon]] |penciller=[[Andrea Di Vito|Di Vito, Andrea]] |inker=Di Vito, Andrea |story=Ragnarok Part the Third |title=Thor |volume=2 |issue=82 |date=September 2004}}</ref>

With the return of the Asgardians to Earth, Brunnhilde was next seen as a member of the [[Secret Avengers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/news/comicstories.11916.they_are_secret_avengers |title=They Are Secret Avengers |publisher=Marvel Comics |date=April 7, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010112131/http://marvel.com/news/comics/11916/they_are_secret_avengers |archivedate=October 10, 2014 |url-status=live |accessdate=April 7, 2010}}</ref> Writer [[Ed Brubaker]] confirmed that the Valkyrie on the team was indeed the original Brunnhilde.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forums.comicbookresources.com/showthread.php?318134-CBR-Meet-Your-Secret-Avengers&s=41b67952ae143ec56446f3abd9668f97&p=10988619 |title=Meet Your Secret Avengers |first=Ed |last=Brubaker |publisher=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=April 18, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6F82C4dRA?url=http://forums.comicbookresources.com/showthread.php?318134-CBR-Meet-Your-Secret-Avengers&s=41b67952ae143ec56446f3abd9668f97&p=10988619 |archivedate=March 15, 2013 |url-status=live |accessdate=February 12, 2011}}</ref>

After the 2011 storyline "[[Fear Itself (comics)|Fear Itself]]", Brunhilde seemingly defects from the Secret Avengers, embarking in a mission to steal and recover for herself the hammers used by the "Worthy", Cul's servants. She later reveals to have stopped consuming the Apples of Idunn, thus lessening her stamina and resilience and reverting to a mortal form, and as a Valkyrior she is able to seal within herself the hammers. She plans to die after the deed is over, so as to banish the worthy from the human plane of existence for the rest of eternity.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Matt Fraction|Fraction, Matt]] |penciller=[[Stuart Immonen|Immonen, Stuart]] |inker=Immonen, Stuart |story=The Worthy |title=[[Fear Itself (comics)|Fear Itself: The Worthy]] |issue=1 |date=September 2011}}</ref> At the end of the series, the All Mother (Freyja, Gaea, and Idunn) task her with selecting a new group of Valkyries. Only this time the new Valkyries are to be all women from Earth.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Cullen Bunn|Bunn, Culllen]]; Fraction, Matt; [[Chris Yost|Yost, Chris]] |penciller=[[Paul Pelletier|Pelletier, Paul]]; [[Mark Bagley|Bagley, Mark]] |inker=[[Danny Miki|Miki, Danny]]; [[Andy Lanning|Lanning, Andy]] |story=Ride Again |title=Fear Itself: The Fearless |issue=12 |date=June 2012}}</ref> The story continues in the 2013 ''[[The Fearless Defenders]]'' series in which Valkyrie recruits [[Misty Knight]], [[Danielle Moonstar]], [[Hippolyta (Marvel Comics)|Hippolyta]], and the mortal scientist '''Annabelle Riggs''' as part of the new Valkyrior to stop Caroline le Fey, the daughter of [[Morgan le Fay (Marvel Comics)|Morgan le Fey]], and the Doommaidens, corrupted undead Valkyries who have awakened in the Valkyrior's absence. During this time, Valkyrie develops a brief romance with Riggs, who later becomes host to Valkyrie's spirit after Riggs sacrifices herself to save the team.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Bunn, Cullen |artist=Hans, Stephanie |letterer=Cowles, Clayton |editor=Pyle, Ellie |title=Fearless Defenders |volume=1 |issue=7 |date=July 2013 |publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref>

During the 2014 "[[AXIS (comics)|AXIS]]" storyline, Valkyrie is among the heroes recruited by an inverted Doctor Doom to join his team of Avengers.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Frank J. Barbiere|Barbiere, Frank J.]]; [[Nick Spencer|Spencer, Nick]] |penciller=[[Marco Checchetto|Checchetto, Marco]] |inker=Checchetto, Marco |title=[[Avengers World]] |issue=15 |date=January 2015}}</ref> During the 2017 "[[Monsters Unleashed (comics)|Monsters Unleashed]]" storyline, Valkyrie and Hippolyta are seen fighting Leviathon Tide monsters in [[Edinburgh]].<ref>''Monsters Unleashed'' Vol. 2 #2. Marvel Comics.</ref> [[Angela (comics)|Angela]] recruits her to join the Asgardians of the Galaxy.<ref>''Asgardians of the Galaxy'' #1. Marvel Comics.</ref>

During the "[[War of the Realms]]" storyline, Valkyrie and the rest of the Valkrior are massacred by [[Malekith the Accursed|Malekith]] and his forces invading New York where Valkyrie is beheaded by Malekith.<ref name="WotR" /><ref>''War of the Realms'' #2. Marvel Comics.</ref>

==Powers and abilities==
Valkyrie is the strongest of all Valkyrior. Like all her people, her body is several times denser than that of humans. She is not immortal, but she ages far more slowly than humans. Valkyrie is immune to all earthly diseases and is difficult to injure. Her Asgardian physiology grants her enhanced levels of stamina. Valkyrie can perceive the approach of death, in the form of a "deathglow" surrounding a person's body. She does not know how death will come but she can tell that it is imminent. Valkyrie can transport herself and a dying or dead body to and from the realm of the dead by willing it. Valkyrie has had extensive training in sword fighting as well as unarmed combat and horseback riding. Her natural fighting ability is among the best of all Asgardians, matched only by [[Sif (comics)|Sif]].

===Weapons and equipment===
Valkyrie carries two weapons of choice.

* An enchanted sword named Dragonfang. A wizard named Kahji-Da was said to have carved the sword from a tooth of an extra-dimensional dragon. The sword eventually passed into the possession of the [[Ancient One]], who in turn gave it to his disciple [[Doctor Strange]]. Strange went on to return it to the Valkyrie after she had bequeathed the virtually indestructible [[Black Knight (Dane Whitman)|Black Knight]]'s [[Ebony Blade]] to its rightful owner.
* An unnamed iron spear.

Valkyrie rides a winged horse named [[Aragorn (comics)|Aragorn]]. Aragorn was given to her by the current [[Black Knight (Dane Whitman)|Black Knight]].<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Englehart, Steve |penciller=Buscema, Sal |inker=[[Frank Bolle|Bolle, Frank]] |story=A Dark and Stormy Knight |title=The Defenders |issue=11 |date=December 1973}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Other characters named Valkyrie==
[[File:ValkyrieSamPar.jpg|thumb|upright|Samantha Parrington on the cover of ''The Order'' #4. Art by [[Carlos Pacheco]].]]

The Enchantress first transformed '''Samantha Parrington''' into the Valkyrie temporarily to gain revenge against the Hulk.<ref name="Hulk142"/> On Earth, [[Pluto (Marvel Comics)|Pluto]] and [[Lorelei (Asgardian)|Lorelei]] much later restored the Valkyrie's powers within Samantha Parrington. Pluto tricked Lorelei though, erasing her memory, draining her powers, and turning her into a duplicate of Valkyrie. While Samantha was used by Pluto to turn Earth into a realm of the dead, Lorelei was found by the Defender [[Nighthawk (Marvel Comics)|Nighthawk]], who believed she was the real Valkyrie and made her a Defender, though she never spoke.<ref name="Defenders2.2"/> When the Defenders tried to stop Pluto, Lorelei battled Samantha and was restored to her former self.<ref name="Defenders2.3"/> Samantha was freed from Pluto's control and she became part of the Defenders again as Valkyrie.<ref name="Defenders2.4" /> She and her teammate [[Patsy Walker|Hellcat]] later got an apartment together and Parrington remembered her real name when someone called her by her nickname "Sam".<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Busiek, Kurt; Larsen, Erik; Stephenson, Eric |penciller=Frenz, Ron |inker=Hanna, Scott |story=While You Were Out ... |title=The Defenders |volume=2 |issue=9 |date=November 2001}}</ref> The two superheroines then met her parents, who thought that her transformation into Valkryie was just a phase she was going through.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Jo Duffy|Duffy, Jo]]; Busiek, Kurt |penciller=[[Matt Haley|Haley, Matt]] |inker=[[Dan Panosian|Panosian, Dan]] |story=The Best Defense… |title=[[The Order (comics)|The Order]] |issue=1 |date=April 2002}}</ref> Much to Parrington's chagrin, her parents are proud of her and turned their mansion into the Defenders base.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Duffy, Jo; Busiek, Kurt |penciller=[[Chris Batista|Batista, Chris]] |inker=Panosian, Dan |story=It’s Our World |title=The Order |issue=2 |date=May 2002}}</ref>

When [[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]] went insane with warrior madness, his insanity manifested as a woman, also called the Valkyrie. This Valkyrie had no relation to the regular Valkyries and had a different appearance.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Marz, Ron; Starlin, Jim |penciller=Zick, Bruce |inker=Montano, Steve |story=Fragments |title=Thor |issue=460 |date=March 1993}}</ref>

==Other versions==
Ultimate Valkyrie is a 19-year-old girl named '''Barbara Norris''' who aspires to play the public role of superhero, despite, at first, having no actual powers or skills. She describes herself as a female [[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]], only without the hammer, strength, or weather-powers. When [[Hank Pym]] was dismissed from the Ultimates, he decided to join the [[Defenders (comics)|Defenders]], a group of good hearted, but delusional, somewhat farcical individuals enamored with superheroes but without powers or exceptional abilities. This is how he met Barbara, who called herself "Thor-Girl", telling Pym during introductions that while she doesn't have any powers, she is extensively proficient in [[martial arts]].<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Mark Millar|Millar, Mark]] |penciller=[[Bryan Hitch|Hitch, Bryan]] |inker=[[Paul Neary|Neary, Paul]] |story=The Defenders |title=[[The Ultimates 2]] |issue=6 |date=July 2005}}</ref> This turned out to be a lie to impress Pym; she later confesses to him that she barely made it to an Orange Belt in karate and it took her several tries to pass the test.

[[File:Exiles 3-1 (Variant).jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Marvel Cinematic Universe|MCU]]-inspired version of Valkyrie on a variant cover of ''[[Exiles (Marvel Comics)|Exiles]]'' Vol. 3 #1 (June 2018). Art by [[Javier Rodríguez (artist)|Javier Rodriguez]].]]

Valkyrie next appears in ''[[The Ultimates 3]]'' #1,<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Jeph Loeb|Loeb, Jeph]] |penciller=[[Joe Madureira|Madureira, Joe]] |inker=Madureira, Joe |story=Sex, Lies, & DVD |title=The Ultimates 3 |issue=1 |date=February 2008}}</ref> now apparently super-powered, riding a black [[Pegasus]] and wielding a large, supposedly mystical sword that she uses to cleave [[Venom (Marvel Comics character)|Venom]] nearly in two, but seems to have no idea where these powers or weapons came from. At that point, she has been in a romantic live-in relationship with Thor for weeks and despite cultural differences, they are very close and allude to being in love. Since her last appearance, she appears to have been granted super strength and limited invulnerability; other superhuman attributes and abilities remain unknown. She speaks with a distinct [[valleyspeak|valley girl accent]], and while she does not seem to be the most intelligent of her teammates, she makes up for it with her loyalty, especially to Thor, and her big heart, along with being very powerful. At several points, she makes references to having lived a quiet, normal human life before becoming superhuman. She suggests she is more akin to Thor than it may seem, possibly meaning they may have some sort of shared Asgardian heritage. Her deepest fear is returning to the powerless, poor, and somewhat comically ordinary existence she had before. When confronted with this fear by the illusion-casting [[Mastermind (Jason Wyngarde)#Ultimate Mastermind|Mastermind]], just before her two captors decide to assault her sexually, she is broken free of the illusion by a shadowy figure who claims to be the source of her new powers; she then retaliates by killing Mastermind and [[dismemberment|dismembering]] his partner [[Pyro (Marvel Comics)|Pyro]], taking both his hands off at the wrists with her sword.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Loeb, Jeph |penciller=Madureira, Joe |inker=Madureira, Joe |title=The Ultimates 3 |issue=5 |date=November 2008}}</ref>

During the 2009 "[[Ultimatum (comics)|Ultimatum]]" storyline it is revealed that Valkyrie was killed and transported to Valhalla, the Asgardian afterlife for fallen warriors run by [[Hela (comics)|Hela]], an Asgardian goddess, who is presented as above most other Asgardian gods in power and station. Thor learns of this and transports himself to Hela's dimension, demanding he let Valkyrie live again. Hela, then states that if he is able to overcome the challenge presented to him, he may bring Valkyrie back to the land of the living. In the middle of the ensuing battle, Thor finds that [[Captain America]]'s soul is also there, having been killed in the real world as well. Thor and Capt. America win the challenge and Hela grants Thor's request, but with the catch that once a soul has entered Hela's realm, it cannot leave without being substituted, so Thor gives up his soul so that Valkyrie may live and Hela returns her to Earth, whole and unharmed (Capt. America is given a reprieve on his soul as well and is returned to the land of the living, but how this worked with the "Soul Quota" stipulation is not addressed), while Thor's soul remains in the afterlife. Valkyrie, enraged and heart broken at the loss and sacrifice of her love, joins the battle once more and attacks [[Magneto (comics)|Magneto]] while trying to receive Thor's hammer and severs his arm. Magneto then uses his powers to slit her throat. She is then briefly shown, still alive, until Magneto collapses the ceiling on her.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Loeb, Jeph |penciller=[[David Finch (comics)|Finch, David]] |inker=[[Danny Miki|Miki, Danny]] |story=Chapter Four: "A Time to Die" |title=[[Ultimatum (Ultimate Marvel)|Ultimatum]] |issue=4 |date=May 2009}}</ref> Her fate is unknown until [[Ultimate Comics: New Ultimates|New Ultimates]] where it is revealed she now wields Thor's hammer. She loses it in battle with the Defenders who now have superpowers due to Loki's intervention. She is killed in the battle which allows Thor to resurrect and face Loki. During the battle, Loki is suddenly killed by a spear thrown by Valkyrie. Although apparently alive again, she reveals that she is now a servant of [[Hela (comics)|Hela]] and departs with Loki's body but not before asking Thor to defend the Earth to which she once belonged.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Loeb, Jeph |penciller=[[Frank Cho|Cho, Frank]] |inker=Cho, Frank |story=Thor Reborn Chapter Five: Love |title=[[Ultimate Comics: New Ultimates]] |issue=5 |date=April 2011}}</ref>

In January 2018, Marvel announced that a version of Valkyrie inspired by [[Tessa Thompson]]'s portrayal of the character in ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'' would join the ''[[Exiles (Marvel Comics)|Exiles]]'' in a series by writer [[Saladin Ahmed]] and artist [[Javier Rodríguez (artist)|Javier Rodriguez]]. Ahmed said, "Though she's not technically from the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] reality, she's basically the literalization of the larger-than-her-physical-frame swagger that Tessa Thompson displayed in ''Thor: Ragnarok'', turned up to 11."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ew.com/books/2018/01/08/tessa-thompson-valkyrie-marvel-comics/ |title=Tessa Thompson's Valkyrie is coming to Marvel comics |last=Holub |first=Christian |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=January 8, 2018 |accessdate=April 10, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603171342/https://ew.com/books/2018/01/08/tessa-thompson-valkyrie-marvel-comics/ |archivedate=June 3, 2019}}</ref>

==Reception==
Valkyrie was ranked 30th in [[IGN]]'s list of "The Top 50 Avengers",<ref>{{cite web |date=April 30, 2012 |title=The Top 50 Avengers |url=http://www.ign.com/top/avengers/30 |publisher=IGN |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003125511/http://www.ign.com/top/avengers/30 |archivedate=October 3, 2015 |url-status=live |accessdate=July 28, 2015}}</ref> and 65th in ''[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]'s'' "100 Sexiest Women in Comics" list.<ref>{{cite book |last=Frankenhoff |first=Brent |authorlink=Brent Frankenhoff |title=Comics Buyer's Guide Presents: 100 Sexiest Women in Comics |publisher=[[Krause Publications]] |year=2011 |location=Iola, Wisconsin |page=44 |isbn=978-1-4402-2988-6}}</ref>

==In other media==
===Film===
[[File:Tessa Thompson as Valkyrie in Thor Ragnarok.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Tessa Thompson]] as Valkyrie in the 2017 film ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'']]

* Brunnhilde appears in the ''[[Hulk Vs|Hulk vs. Thor]]'' segment of the ''[[Hulk Vs]]'' DVD, voiced by an uncredited [[Nicole Oliver]]. She and her Valkyrior troops defend Asgard from an attack by the Hulk, who had separated from Bruce Banner by Loki. She is immediately swatted aside by Hulk when she attacks him.
* Brunnhilde appears in ''[[Thor: Tales of Asgard]]'' voiced by [[Cathy Weseluck]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/movies/Thor-Tales-of-Asgard/Brunhilde/ |title=Voice Of Brunnhilde – Marvel Universe |website=Behind The Voice Actors |date= |accessdate=June 18, 2019 |postscript=. Check marks indicates role has been confirmed using screenshots of closing credits and other reliable sources.}}</ref>
* [[Tessa Thompson]] portrays Valkyrie/Brunnhilde in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning in 2017.
** Tessa Thompson appears as Valkyrie in ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/news/movies/26203/marvel_studios_confirms_stellar_new_cast_members_of_the_highly_anticipated_thor_ragnarok |title=Marvel Studios Confirms Stellar New Cast Members of the Highly Anticipated ''Thor: Ragnarok'' |last=Strom |first=Marc |publisher=Marvel Comics |date=May 20, 2016 |accessdate=May 20, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604060032/http://marvel.com/news/movies/26203/marvel_studios_confirms_stellar_new_cast_members_of_the_highly_anticipated_thor_ragnarok |archivedate=June 4, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> There, the entire Valkyrie force was wiped out by Hela when Odin sent them to stop her. The only survivor is seen in a flashback being saved by a fellow warrior (a blonde similar to the traditional comic portrayal of the character) who took a spear for her. She ended up on [[Sakaar]], where she became one of the [[Grandmaster (Marvel Comics)|Grandmaster]]'s primary warriors (under the name '''Scrapper 142''') and befriends the Hulk who had also traveled there. She is alcoholic and somewhat sadistic, although this masks her PTSD and unattainable hope of running away from her problems and memories. When Thor arrives, she is uninterested in working with him, but changes her mind when Loki uses his powers to make her remember the battle against Hela, and they plot to escape. They make it to Asgard and she helps the surviving population evacuate. She then continues to travel with her new allies on a ship that is intercepted by [[Thanos]]. Thompson stated that the character is [[bisexual]], based on her comic book relationship with Annabelle Riggs, and convinced director [[Taika Waititi]] to shoot a glimpse of a woman walking out of Valkyrie's bedroom but it was cut as Waititi thought it distracted from the scene's exposition.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Amy |date=October 31, 2017 |title=How Tessa Thompson Went From Indie Actor to 'Thor: Ragnarok' Badass |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/how-tessa-thompson-went-from-indie-actor-to-thor-ragnarok-badass-w510485 |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |accessdate=May 24, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430002554/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/how-tessa-thompson-went-from-indie-actor-to-thor-ragnarok-badass-w510485 |archivedate=April 30, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
** In ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'', Valkyrie does not appear, but the movie's director [[Russo brothers|Joe Russo]] revealed that she survived Thanos' attack on the Asgardian ship at the beginning of the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://comicbook.com/marvel/2018/05/01/avengers-infinity-war-valkyrie-asgardian-fate/ |title='Avengers: Infinity War' Director Reveals Fate of Valkyrie, Asgardians |last=Peters |first=Megan |publisher=Comicbook |date=May 1, 2018 |accessdate=May 1, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519162643/https://comicbook.com/marvel/2018/05/01/avengers-infinity-war-valkyrie-asgardian-fate/ |archivedate=May 19, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
** Thompson reprises the role in ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a26948233/avengers-endgame-tessa-thompson-valkyrie-posters-shuri/ |title=Avengers: Endgame posters confirm return of Tessa Thompson's Valkyrie |last=Lee |first=Jess |publisher=[[Digital Spy]] |date=March 26, 2019 |accessdate=March 26, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090955/https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a26948233/avengers-endgame-tessa-thompson-valkyrie-posters-shuri/ |archivedate=March 27, 2019}}</ref> She is settled in New Asgard on Earth, directing the visiting Hulk and Rocket to Thor's house when they come to recruit him for their mission to travel back in time and 'borrow' past versions of the [[Infinity Stones]] to undo the Snap. She later joins forces with the Avengers, [[Guardians of the Galaxy]], the Asgardians and their allies in the climactic battle against Thanos. At the end of the film, Thor appoints her as the monarch of New Asgard while he departs Earth with the Guardians of the Galaxy to return to his old adventuring roots.

===Television===
* Valkyrie appears in ''[[The Super Hero Squad Show]]'' episode "Mental Organism Designed Only for Kissing" voiced by [[Michelle Trachtenberg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comicscontinuum.com/stories/0903/07/index.htm |title=Comics Continuum by Rob Allstetter |first=Rob |last=Allstetter |publisher=ComicsContinuum.com |date=March 7, 2009 |accessdate=May 5, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012233505/http://www.comicscontinuum.com/stories/0903/07/index.htm |archivedate=October 12, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbr.com/the-super-hero-squad-show-quest-for-the-infinity-sword-volume-1-arrives-on-dvd-july-13-2010-from-shout-factory/ |title="The Super Hero Squad Show: Quest for the Infinity Sword" Volume 1 Arrives on DVD July 13, 2010 from Shout! Factory |last= |first= |publisher=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=May 13, 2010 |accessdate=May 6, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505034225/https://www.cbr.com/the-super-hero-squad-show-quest-for-the-infinity-sword-volume-1-arrives-on-dvd-july-13-2010-from-shout-factory/ |archivedate=May 5, 2019}}</ref> Thor falls in love with her when she helps [[Ms. Marvel]], Thor, and [[Iron Man]] fight [[Abomination (comics)|Abomination]], [[Fin Fang Foom]], and [[MODOK]]. When Iron Man tries to invite Valkyrie out to a "[[Ride of the Valkyries]]" performance, Valkyrie declines, noting Iron Man's failure to gather the Infinity Sword Fractals.
* Valkyrie appears in ''[[The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes]]'' episode "The Fall of Asgard", voiced by [[Colleen O'Shaughnessey]]. She, Sif, and the other Valkyries rescue Ant-Man and an unconscious Wasp from Ymir and the Frost Giants.
* Valkyrie appears in the animated series ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series)|Guardians of the Galaxy]]'', she made her debut in the episode "The Real Me", voiced by [[Raven-Symoné]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsarama.com/45232-valkyrie-joins-guardians-of-the-galaxy-mission-breakout.html |title=VALKYRIE Joins GUARDIANS OF THE GALAXY: MISSION BREAKOUT |last=Marston |first=George |publisher=[[Newsarama]] |date=May 17, 2019 |accessdate=May 17, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517223108/https://www.newsarama.com/45232-valkyrie-joins-guardians-of-the-galaxy-mission-breakout.html |archivedate=May 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hollywoodlife.com/2019/05/17/raven-symone-valkyrie-guardians-of-the-galaxy-mission-breakout-video/ |title=Raven-Symoné Is Fierce As Valkyrie In 'Guardians Of The Galaxy: Mission Breakout' |last=Thompson |first=Avery |publisher=[[Hollywood Life]] |date=May 17, 2019 |accessdate=May 17, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517223154/https://hollywoodlife.com/2019/05/17/raven-symone-valkyrie-guardians-of-the-galaxy-mission-breakout-video/ |archivedate=May 17, 2019}}</ref> Her appearance is based on Tessa Thompson's character in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]], though she states that most people call her "Val."

===Video games===
* Valkyrie appears as an NPC in the video game ''[[Marvel: Ultimate Alliance]]'', voiced by [[Nika Futterman]]. [[Weasel (Marvel Comics)|Weasel]] has a crush on her, but she is annoyed by him and is instead attracted to [[Deadpool]], though he does not reciprocate her feelings. Deadpool states to Valkyrie that Weasel has that way with women ever since he brought his cousin to the prom. During the quest to open Bifrost Bridge, Valkyrie will ask the heroes to recover her sword Dragonfang. If the player finds her sword Dragonfang, Asgard will be easily freed with her aid, Loki will be imprisoned in chains, and Ragnarok never comes to pass. If the player doesn't find Dragonfang, Valkyrie will fall in the battle to free Asgard, Balder will die trying to save her, and Asgard will refuse contact with Earth for a century. When Dragonfang is found, Valkyrie will use her abilities to call it to her. When Odin is freed from his dark magic confinement, he will be recalled to Asgard by Valkyrie to recover.
* Valkyrie is a playable character in ''[[Marvel Super Hero Squad Online]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/explore-the-halls-of-asgard-in-marvel-super-hero-squad-5801671 |title=Explore the Halls of Asgard in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online |last=Fahey |first=Mike |publisher=[[Kotaku]] |date=May 13, 2011 |accessdate=May 5, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505032502/https://kotaku.com/explore-the-halls-of-asgard-in-marvel-super-hero-squad-5801671 |archivedate=May 5, 2019}}</ref> voiced by [[Grey DeLisle]].
* Valkyrie appeared as an unlockable character in ''[[Marvel: Avengers Alliance]]'', only accessible after completion of the tasks of Spec Ops 5. She would later become a permanent recruit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/technology/333888/facebook-goes-to-the-dark-world-with-marvel-avengers-alliance/story/ |title=Facebook goes to the Dark World with Marvel: Avengers Alliance |last=Angelo Francisco |first=Mikael |publisher=[[GMA News and Public Affairs|GMA News]] |date=November 4, 2013 |accessdate=May 5, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505031700/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/technology/333888/facebook-goes-to-the-dark-world-with-marvel-avengers-alliance/story/ |archivedate=May 5, 2019}}</ref>
* Valkyrie appears in ''[[Marvel Heroes (video game)|Marvel Heroes]]'', voiced by [[Michelle Arthur]].<ref name="btva">{{cite web |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Mighty-Thor/Valkyrie/ |title=Voice Of Valkyrie – Marvel Universe |website=Behind The Voice Actors |date= |accessdate=September 20, 2017 |postscript=. Check marks indicates role has been confirmed using screenshots of closing credits and other reliable sources.}}</ref>
* Valkyrie is a playable character in ''[[Lego Marvel's Avengers]]'' voiced by [[Mary Elizabeth McGlynn]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conventionscene.com/2018/02/28/anime-boston-welcomes-mary-elizabeth-mcglynn-steve-blum/ |title=Star Wars Rebels' Steve Blum & Mary Elizabeth McGlynn Appear at Anime Boston 2018 |last=Solan |first=Colin |publisher=Convention Scene |date=February 28, 2018 |accessdate=May 5, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505030956/http://www.conventionscene.com/2018/02/28/anime-boston-welcomes-mary-elizabeth-mcglynn-steve-blum/ |archivedate=May 5, 2019}}</ref> She is found in the Asgard hub where she requests help from the player into finding female Asgardian warriors to join her Valkyrior army.
* The MCU version of Valkyrie is a playable character in ''[[Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/games/lego_marvel_super_heroes_2/b/playstation4/archive/2017/10/12/cosmo-the-spacedog-sets-up-the-story-in-new-trailer.aspx |title=Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2 - Cosmo The Spacedog Sets Up The Story In New Trailer |last=Cork |first=Jeff |publisher=[[Game Informer]] |date=October 12, 2017 |accessdate=April 5, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418041351/https://www.gameinformer.com/games/lego_marvel_super_heroes_2/b/playstation4/archive/2017/10/12/cosmo-the-spacedog-sets-up-the-story-in-new-trailer.aspx |archivedate=April 18, 2019}}</ref>
* A teenage version of Valkyrie (based on her movie incarnation) appears in ''[[Marvel Avengers Academy]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/games/battle-hela-and-stop-ragnarok-in-marvel-avengers-academy |title=Battle Hela and Stop Ragnarok in 'Marvel Avengers Academy' |last=Snyder |first=Justin |publisher=Marvel |date=November 1, 2017 |accessdate=April 5, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418041346/https://www.marvel.com/articles/games/battle-hela-and-stop-ragnarok-in-marvel-avengers-academy |archivedate=April 18, 2019}}</ref>
* The MCU version of Valkyrie appears in ''[[Marvel Puzzle Quest]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.marvel.com/games/86392/piecing-together-marvel-puzzle-quest-valkyrie/ |title=Piecing Together Marvel Puzzle Quest: Valkyrie |last=Chabala |first=Ben |publisher=Marvel |date=March 19, 2018 |accessdate=April 5, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323095620/https://news.marvel.com/games/86392/piecing-together-marvel-puzzle-quest-valkyrie/ |archivedate=March 23, 2018}}</ref>
* Valkyrie appears as a supporting character in ''[[Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order]]'', voiced again by Mary Elizabeth McGlynn.<ref name="btva"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Marvelwiki|Valkyrie|Valkyrie}}
* [http://www.marveldirectory.com/individuals/v/valkyrie.htm Valkyrie] at the Marvel Directory
* {{Marvunapp|http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix4/valkyriebrunhilde.htm|Valkyrie (Brunnhilde)}}
* {{comicbookdb|type=character|id=1421|title=Valkyrie (Brunnhilde)}}
* {{comicbookdb|type=character|id=396|title=Valkyrie (Brunnhilde/Barbara Norriss)}}
* {{Marvunapp|http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix4/valkyrieparrington.htm|Valkyrie (Samantha Parrington)}}
* {{comicbookdb|type=character|id=8704|title=Valkyrie (Samantha Parrington)}}
* {{Marveldatabase|Brunnhilde}}

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Umm Salama

2019-06-27T00:08:47Z

69.137.78.47: Fix link.

{{Infobox person
| name = Umm Salama {{small|al-Makhzumiyah, Ayyin al-Arab}}
| image = تخطيط اسم أم سلمة.png
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 596
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]] {{smaller|(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}}
| death_date = 683 (aged 86-87)
| death_place =
| nationality = [[Hijazi]] [[Arab people|Arab]] {{smaller|(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}}
| other_names =
| occupation =
| known_for = Wife of the [[Islamic prophets|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]], [[Mother of the Believers]]
| spouse = [[Abu Salama 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Asad]] [[Muhammad]]
| children = Zaynab (Barrah), Salama, Zarah, Umar and Ruqaiyyah (Durrah) (with [[Abu Salama 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Asad|Abu Salama ']])
| parents = [[Abu Umayya ibn Al-Mughira]] Atikah bint 'Amir ibn Rabi'ah
| relatives =
}}
{{Islam}}
'''Hind bint Abi Umayya''' ({{lang-ar|هند بنت أبي أمية}}), also known as '''Hind al-Makhzumiyah''', '''Hind bint Suhayl''' or '''Umm Salama''' ({{lang-ar|أم سلمة هند بنت أبي أمية}})<ref name="IV">[http://www.islamicvoice.com/january.2003/child.htm#hus Hazrath Umme Salma] Umme Salma went through trials and tribulations following her conversion to Islam</ref><ref name="IMS">[http://www.ezsoftech.com/stories/companion5.asp Umm Salamah, Umme Salama, Umme Salma, Mother of the Believers, Mother of the Faithfuls]</ref> (c. 596 AD – 64 AH)<ref name=Fahimineiad>{{cite journal |last=Fahimineiad |first=Fahimeh |author2=Trans. Zainab Mohammed |title=Exemplary Women: Lady Umm Salamah|journal=Message of Thaqalayn |date=2012 |volume=12 |issue=4|pages=127|url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/48-umm%20salamah.pdf|accessdate=1 May 2014}}</ref> was one of [[Muhammad's wives]]. Umm Salama was her ''[[Kunya (Arabic)|kunya]]'' meaning, "mother of Salamah".<ref name=Sayeed>{{cite book |last=Sayeed| first=Asma|title=Women and The Transmission of Religious Knowledge In Islam|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=NY|isbn=978-1-107-03158-6|pages=34}}</ref><ref name=Fahimeh>{{cite journal|last=Fahimineiad|first=Fahimeh|author2=Trans. Zainab Mohammed |title=Exemplary Women: Lady Umm Salamah |journal=Message of Thaqalayn |date=2012 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=128 |url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/48-umm%20salamah.pdf|accessdate=1 May 2014}}</ref> Umm Salama was one of the most influential wives of Muhammad, recognized largely for recalling numerous [[Hadiths]], or stories about [[Muhammad]].<ref name=Prophet>{{cite book |last=Hamid |first=AbdulWahid|title=Companions of the Prophet Vol. 1 |date=1998 |publisher=MELS|location=London|isbn=0948196130|page=139}}</ref> The [[Shia]] belief is that Umm Salama was the most important wife of Muhammad, second to [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadija]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sayeed|first=Asma|title=Women and The Transmission of Religious Knowledge In Islam |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=NY|isbn=978-1-107-03158-6|pages=35}}</ref>

==Before marriage with Muhammad==

Her real name was '''Hind'''.<ref name="IV" /><ref name="IMS" /> Her father was [[Abu Umayya ibn Al-Mughira]] ibn 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar ibn Makhzum ibn Yaqaẓah also known as Suhayl or Zad ar-Rakib.<ref>{{cite book|last=Muhammad|first=Shaykh|title=Encyclopedia of Muhammad's Women Companions and the Traditions They Relate|date=1998|publisher=ABC International Group|location=Chicago|isbn=1-871031-42-7|page=461 |author2=Hisham Kabbani |author3=Laleh Bakhtiar}}</ref> He was an elite member of his [[Quraysh tribe]], known for his great generosity, especially to travelers.<ref name=Hamid>{{cite book|last=Hamid|first=AbdulWahid|title=Companions of the Prophet Vol. 1|date=1998|publisher=MELS|location=London|isbn=0948196130|page=133}}</ref> Her mother was 'Ātikah bint 'Āmir ibn Rabī'ah, of the Firas ibn Ghanam branch of the [[Banu Kinanah|Kinana]].<ref name="IMS" /><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book |title=Companions of The Prophet |volume=1 |author=Abdul Wahid Hamid}}</ref>

===Marriage to Abu Salama===
Before her marriage to Muhammad, Umm Salama was married to [[Abu Salama 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Asad|Abu Salama]] ibn `Abdi'l-Asad al-Makhzumi, whose mother was [[Barrah bint Abdul Muttalib]]. [[Abu Salama]] was one of Muhammad's close companions.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sayeed|first=Asma|title=Women and The Transmission of Religious Knowledge In Islam|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=NY|isbn=978-1-107-03158-6|pages=34}}</ref> Umm Salama bore for Abu Salama four children: Salama, Umar, Zaynab and Ruqayyah.<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad'', p. 793. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Vol. 39, ''Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors'', p. 175. New York: SUNY Press.</ref>

===Conversion to Islam===
Umm Salama and her husband Abu Salama were among [[Timing of Sahaba becoming muslims|the first who converted to Islam]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Only Ali, [[Abu Bakr]] and a few others were Muslims before them.<ref name=Prophet/><ref name="ReferenceA"/> Despite intense anger and persecution from the powerful [[Quraysh tribe|Quraysh]] in response to their conversions to [[Islam]], Umm Salama and [[Abu Salama]] continued their devotion to [[Islam]].<ref name=Hamid/>

As the persecution grew in severity, the new [[Muslims]] began to look for life away from [[Mecca]]. Muhammad instructed his newly converted followers, including Umm Salama and [[Abu Salama]], to make a [[migration to Abyssinia]]. Umm Salama abandoned her honorable life in her clan in Mecca to make the migration. While in [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]], these Muslims were told that there had been a decrease in persecution along with an increase in numbers of [[Muslims]] in [[Mecca]]. This information caused Umm Salama, her husband, and the rest of the [[Muslim]] emigrants to travel back to [[Mecca]]. Upon their return to [[Mecca]], the [[Quraysh tribe|Quraysh]] again began viciously persecuting the [[Muslims]]. In response, [[Muhammad]] gave his followers instructions to make a [[migration to Medina]], also known as the [[Hijara|hijra]]. Umm Salama, along with her husband and son planned to make the [[Hijra (Islam)|hijra]] together, however this was stopped when Umm Salama's clan forced her to stay in Mecca, while [[Abu Salama]]'s clan took the child.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hamid|first=AbdulWahid|title=Companions of the Prophet Vol. 1|date=1998|publisher=MELS|location=London|isbn=0948196130|pages=133–134}}</ref>

Umm Salama recounted this story:
{{Quote|text=Before we were out of Makkah, however, some men from my clan stopped us and said to my husband: 'Though you are free to do what you like with yourself, you have no power over your wife. She is our daughter. Do you expect us to allow you to take her away from us?' Then they pounced on him and snatched me away from him. My husband's clan, Banu 'Abd al-Asad, saw them taking me and became hot with rage. 'No! By Allah' they shouted, 'we shall not abandon the boy. He is our son and we have a first claim over him.' They took him by the hand and pulled him away from me.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hamid|first=AbdulWahid|title=Companions of the Prophet Vol. 1|date=1998|publisher=MELS|location=London|isbn=0948196130|page=135}}</ref>
|Sign=Umm Salama}}

[[Abu Salama]] made the trip to [[Medina]] alone, leaving his wife and child in [[Mecca]]. After some time, Umm Salama was permitted by the [[Quraysh tribe|Quraysh]] to leave [[Mecca]], and was given her son back by her husband's tribe. With her son, she completed the [[Hijra (Islam)|hijra]] and was reconnected with her husband.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hamid|first=AbdulWahid|title=Companions of the Prophet Vol. 1|date=1998|publisher=MELS|location=London|isbn=0948196130|pages=135–136}}</ref>

===Death of Abu Salama===

During her marriage to [[Abu Salama]], Umm Salama (in a story related by Ziyad ibn Abi Maryam) is said to have asked her husband to make agreement that when either of them died, the other would not remarry. However, in this tradition, [[Abu Salama]] responded by instructing Umm Salama to remarry after his death. He then prayed, "O God, provide Umm Salama after me with a better man than me who will not grieve her or injure her!"<ref>{{cite book|last=Muhammad|first=Shaykh|title=Encyclopedia of Muhammad's Women Companions and the Traditions They Relate|date=1998|publisher=ABC International Group|location=Chicago|isbn=1-871031-42-7|pages=461–462 |author2=Hisham Kabbani |author3=Laleh Bakhtiar}}</ref>

During the [[Battle of Uhud]] (March 625), [[Abu Salama]] was severely injured. While [[Abu Salama]] was dying due to these wounds, he recalled a story to Umm Salama involving a message he had heard from Muhammad: "I heard the Messenger of God saying, 'Whenever a calamity afflicts anyone he should say, "Surely from God we are and to Him we shall certainly return."' And he would pray, 'O Lord, give me in return something better from it which only You, Exalted and Mighty can give'".<ref name=AbdulWahid>{{cite book|last=Hamid|first=AbdulWahid|title=Companions of the Prophet Vol. 1|date=1998|publisher=MELS|location=London|isbn=0948196130|page=137}}</ref> This traditional story has been transmitted with various differences, but the fundamental principles of the hadith remain intact.

Her husband eventually died from the wounds he received in the [[Battle of Uhud]].<ref name="IV" /><ref name="IMS"/> Umm Salama remembered the hadith recalled by her husband prior to his death, and began reciting the given prayer.<ref name=Companions/>

Following Abdullah ibn Abdulasad's death in the battle of Uhud<ref name="IV" /><ref name="IMS"/> she became known as ''Ayyin al-Arab'' - "the one who had lost her husband". She had no family in Medina except her small children, but she was given support by both the [[Muhajirun]] and [[Ansar (Islam)|Ansar]]. After finishing the [[iddah]] of four months and ten days, the sufficient amount of time that a woman must wait after the death of her husband before she can remarry, Umm Salama got offers of marriage.<ref name=Companions>{{cite book|last=Hamid|first=AbdulWahid|title=Companions of the Prophet Vol. 1|date=1998|publisher=MELS|location=London|isbn=0948196130|page=138}}</ref> [[Abu Bakr]] and then [[Umar]] asked to marry her, but she declined.<ref name="IV" /> Muhammad himself then proposed to Umm Salama. She initially hesitated in her acceptance, stating, "O Messenger of Allah, I have three characteristics. I am a woman who is extremely jealous and I am afraid that you will see in me something that will anger you and cause Allah to punish me. I am a woman who is already advanced in age and I am a woman who has a young family."<ref name=Companions/>

However, Muhammad appeased each of her concerns, "Regarding the jealousy you mentioned, I pray to [[Allah]] the Almighty to let it go away from you. Regarding the question of age you have mentioned, I am afflicted with the same problem as you. Regarding the dependent family you have mentioned, your family is my family."<ref name=Companions/>

==Muhammad's era==
Umm Salama was married to Muhammad at the age of 32. Only his sixth and seventh wives (Umm Salamah{{dubious|date=April 2014}} and Zaynab, respectively) were his direct cousins whom he had known since their childhood. Umm Salamah was a widow with 3 children and a fourth born almost immediately after their marriage.<ref>[http://www.themodernreligion.com/family/m-past.html Marriage to a 'past': Parents should not reject a proposal without a good reasons - and being a revert with a past is not an acceptable one]</ref>
{{Shia Islam|Holy women}}
When [[Fatimah bint Asad]] (mother of the 4th Caliph [[Ali]]) died, Muhammad is said to have chosen Umm Salama as the guardian of [[Fatimah bint Muhammad|Al Sayeda Fatimah Al Zahra]].<ref name="IMS" /> However, Fatimah al-Zahra is thought to have married Ali in 1AH or 2AH, Fatimah bint Asad died in 4AH, and Umm Salama married the Prophet in year 5, so any guardianship must have been purely nominal.{{CN|date=August 2017}}

The [[Verse of purification|Verse of Purification]] (33:33) in the [[Qur'an]] was revealed to Muhammad in her house.<ref name="IMS" /><ref name="II1">[http://www.introducingislam.org/info/tatheer/chapter1p1.php The Verse of Purification in Sunni Sources ]</ref><ref name="II2">[http://www.introducingislam.org/info/tatheer/chapter2.php The Verse of Purification in Shia Sources ]</ref>

===Umm Salama and the wives of Muhammad===
In the fourth year following the migration to Medina (4 AH), Umm Salama accepted a marriage proposal from Muhammad. After sharing her three reservations about the marriage, and hearing the response from Muhammad, Umm Salama was so pleased that she accepted the proposal. Umm Salama became the eldest of all of Muhammad's wives. She became the highest-ranking wife of Muhammad, only behind [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadija]].<ref name="Fahiminejad">{{cite web|last=Fahiminejad|first=Fahimeh|title=Exemplary Women: Lady Umm Salamah|url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/48-umm%20salamah.pdf}}</ref> Her elevated status among the rest of the wives was a result of her presence in many wars and her defense of the household of Muhammad. Attributes that distinguish Umm Salama from the rest of the wives of Muhammad include the following: Her role in [[Fatima Al Zahra|Fatima al-Zahra's]] upbringing (most prominent daughter of Muhammad, whom Umm Salama proclaimed displayed more knowledge than ever herself in all affairs), her political activism, her accounts of Muhammad's narrations (378 total narrations of Hadith), and her unwavering defense of Imam Ali's personality and leadership following Muhammad's death.<ref name="Fahiminejad"/>

The greatest attribute of the wives of Muhammad is demonstrated as being known as the "Mothers of the believers". They were also prohibited from marrying another man ever again. (33:53) The Qur'an indicates that the wives of Muhammad had to be role models in society (33:30-32). She was often looked up to by the rest of the wives of Muhammad due to her intelligence and political knowledge. Umm Salama herself narrated 378 Hadith, among them being some of the most important. She was the last of the wives of Muhammad to pass away.<ref name="Fahiminejad"/>

===Impact on Muhammad and society===
Because of her beauty, knowledge, and wisdom, Umm Salama held a prominent role in the house of Muhammad and society. She was an exceptional wife of Muhammad in her faith and morals. As a woman, she carried out and completed all of her religious duties.<ref name="Fahiminejad"/> During her marriage to Muhammad, she strived to keep him happy. She always held the utmost respect for him.<ref name="Fahiminejad"/> She was known in society for her intelligence, political savvy, and activity in fighting for women's rights.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hind bint Abi Umayya|url=http://0-www.oxfordislamicstudies.com.library.colgate.edu/article/opr/t125/e848|publisher=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam}}</ref> Umm Salama was a woman most gifted in judgment.<ref name="Mernissi 118">{{cite book|last=Mernissi|first=Fatima|title=The veil and the male elite :a feminist interpretation of women's rights in Islam|page=118}}</ref> She was active in the movement for women's rights in early Islamic society too. She once asked Muhammad a very political question, "Why are men mentioned in the Koran and why are we not?"<ref name="Mernissi 118"/> In a response from heaven to Muhammad, Allah declares that the two sexes are of total equality as members of the community and believers. It doesn't matter the sex, as long as the person is faithful and has the desire to obey Allah, they will earn his grace. This act by Umm Salama, sets the precedent and shows that women could go directly to Muhammad when unsatisfied with a gender role associated with them in society. This action by Umm Salama represented a veritable protest movement by the women.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mernissi|first=Fatima|title=The veil and the male elite :a feminist interpretation of women's rights in Islam|page=119}}</ref> Umm Salama possessed very good judgment, rapid powers of reasoning, and unparalleled ability to formulate correct opinions.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mernissi|first=Fatima|title=The veil and the male elite :a feminist interpretation of women's rights in Islam|page=115}}</ref>

===Treaty of Hudaybiyya===
Umm Salama acted as Muhammad's advisor during negotiations concerning the [[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah]] with the Meccans in 628 AD (6 [[Islamic calendar|AH]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Hind bint Abi Umayya|publisher=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam}}</ref> One of the main objects of this treaty was to determine the relations between Muhammad and the Muslims of Medina with the [[Quraysh]] in Mecca. The treaty was aimed at achieving peace between the two groups and allowing the Muslims to complete their annual pilgrimage to the [[Kaaba]], known as [[Hajj]], which they [[the first pilgrimage|did the following year]] in 629 (7 AH). This treaty was essential since it established a 10-year peace deal between the two groups. The treaty was broken later in 629 (8 AH) which led to the [[Occupation of Mecca|conquest of Mecca]].

==After Muhammad==

After [[Muhammad]]'s death, Umm Salama continued to have an influence on [[Islam]]. Her numerous [[Hadith]] transmissions have had a lasting impact on the future of the religion.<ref name=Sayeed/>
Umm Salama, along with one of Muhammad's other wives, [[Aisha]], also took roles as [[imams]], leading other women in worship.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ahmed|first=Leila|title=Women and Gender in Islam|date=1992|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|isbn=0-300-05583-8|pages=61}}</ref>

Umm Salama also took a strong position in the [[Battle of the Camel]], in which the factions of [[Aisha]] and [[Ali]] were in direct opposition. Umm Salama openly disagreed with the involvement of [[Aisha]] in the battle. She strongly supported the faction of Ali, and is said to have recalled stories in which [[Muhammad]] favors [[Ali]] and [[Fatimah]] to back up her opinions on the battle.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sayeed|first=Asma|title=Women and The Transmission of Religious Knowledge In Islam|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=NY|isbn=978-1-107-03158-6|pages=38}}</ref>

Umm Salama even sent her son, Umar, to fight for [[Ali]]'s victory<ref name=Fahimeh/>

Umm Salama died around 64 AH. Although the date of her death is disputed, her son said that Umm Salama died at the age of 84.<ref name=Fahimineiad/> She was buried in the [[Al-Baqi'|Baqi Cemetery]]. She was the last surviving of Muhammad's wives.<ref name="IMS" />

==Hadith==
Umm Salama and [[Aisha]] provided more Hadiths than any of the other wives of [[Muhammad]]. For Lady Umm Salama, 378 narrations have been reported through the Sunni sect.<ref name=Fahimeh2>{{cite journal|last=Fahimineiad|first=Fahimeh|author2=Trans. Zainab Mohammed |title=Exemplary Women: Lady Umm Salamah|journal=Message of Thaqalayn|date=2012|volume=12|issue=4|pages=121|url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/48-umm%20salamah.pdf|accessdate=1 May 2014}}</ref> Among the [Hadith] she narrated are:

===Verse of Purification 33:33===

''And stay quietly in your houses, and make not a dazzling display, like that of the former Times of Ignorance; and establish regular Prayer, and give regular Charity; and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah only wishes to remove all abomination from you, ye members of the Family, and to make you pure and spotless.''<ref name="usc.edu">{{cite web|title=Center For Muslim-Jewish Engagement|url=http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/quran/verses/033-qmt.php|accessdate=2 May 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606204827/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/quran/verses/033-qmt.php|archivedate=6 June 2014|df=}}</ref>

The verse of Purification (Ayat al-Tathir) verse is given its name due to the mentioning of purity in the last line. According to Umm Salama, the verse of purification was revealed in her home when only Muhammad, [[Ali]], [[Fatimah|Fatima]], [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]], and [[Husayn]] were present. Scholars such as Tarbasi and Tha'labi have described Umm Salama narrating: "One day Lady Fatima having cooked some food brought it to my house for the Prophet. The Prophet said, 'O the light of my eyes, call [[Ali]] and your sons so that we may eat this food together.'"<ref name=Fahimeh3>{{cite journal|last=Fahimineiad|first=Fahimeh|author2=Trans. Zainab Mohammed |title=Exemplary Women: Lady Umm Salamah |journal=Message of Thaqalayn |date=2012|volume=12|issue=4|pages=130|url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/48-umm%20salamah.pdf|accessdate=1 May 2014}}</ref> When all had gathered and they had eaten from that food, Angel Jibra'eel descended and revealed the following verse: ''Indeed God desires to repel all impurity from you, O People of the Household, and purify you with a thorough purification.''<ref name=Fahimeh3/>

Upon hearing the verse, the Prophet laid out a cloak over them and said: "O God, these are the people of my household. They are my confidants and my supporters. O God, remove impurity from them and keep them thoroughly pure." Umm Salama relates, "As I heard this prayer from the Prophet, I said: 'O Messenger of God! Am I also with you?' To which he replied: 'You do not have the level of my Ahlul Bayt, but you are a lady of noble traits.'<ref name=Fahimeh3/>

The verses significance stems from Muhammad's usage of the phrase "Ahl al-Bayt" meaning "people of the house" in the second part of the verse. The interpretation of "Ahl al-Bayt" establishes a critical difference between [[Sunnis]] and Shi'ites. Shi'ites believe the term refers strictly to [[Muhammad]], [[Fatimah|Fatima]], [[Ali]], [[al-Ḥasan ibn ‘Alī|Hasan]] and [[Husayn]] implying they are only members of "Ahl al-Bayt". Under this dogma, only Muhammad's direct lineage holds a spiritual leadership and governorship over the Muslim community. In contrast, the Sunnis believe Muhammad was not referring solely to the five people in the room. Instead, Sunnis hold any muslim of good faith can attain spiritual leadership and governorship. The discrepancy between the two interpretations stems from Umm Salama's narration of the verse of purification and Hadith of Cloak.

Some [[exegesis]], including [[Amina Wadud]] interpret the first line, "stay quietly in your houses, and make not a dazzling display, like that of the former Times of Ignorance" to imply women should not be allowed to go out at all, rather than stress the limitation of going out for the aim of wanton display.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wadud|first=Amina|title=Qur'an and Woman|date=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|page=98}}</ref>

===33:35===

''For Muslim men and women, for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in Charity, for men and women who fast (and deny themselves), for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allah's praise, for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward.''<ref name="usc.edu"/>

Umm Salama sought out equality and autonomy for Muslim women and never hesitated to posit political questions to the prophet. This verse initiated when Umm Salama asked Muhammad, "why are men mentioned in the Koran and why are we not?"<ref name="Mernissi 1991 118">{{cite book|last=Mernissi|first=Fatima|title=The Veil and the Male Elite|date=1991|publisher=Perseus Books Publishing LLC|location=New York|page=118}}</ref> She is quoted narrating, "I had asked the Prophet why the Koran did not speak of us as it did of men. And what was my surprise one afternoon, when I was combing my hair, to hear his voice from the minbar. I hastily did up my hair and ran to one of the apartments from where I could hear better"<ref name="Mernissi 1991 118"/> It is there that Umm Salama heard the verse.

Some exegesis interpret this verse to indicate gender equality for Muslims. [[Amina Wadud]] has voiced her opinion that the verse places women on absolute par with man in regards to spiritual potential and ability to attain Paradise.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wadud|first=Amina|title=Qur'an and Woman|date=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|page=99}}</ref>

===Umm Salami's contribution to Sunan Ibn Majah===

Abū ʻAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Yazīd Ibn Mājah al-Rabʻī al-Qazwīnī, often referred to as [[Ibn Majah]] was a 9th-century scholar of hadith. He is most famous for assembling [[Sunni]] Islam's six canonical [[hadith]] collections, [[Sunan Ibn Majah]]. Listed below are the Hadiths narrated by Umm Salamah from Sunan Ibn Majah:

'''Hadith 603''': "I said, O Messenger of Allah! I am a woman with tight braids. Should I undo them when I take a bath to cleanse myself from the state of sexual impurity?" He said: "Rather it is sufficient for you to pour three handfuls of water over them, then pour water over yourself, and you will be purified," or he said: "In that case you would have become purified."<ref name="ahadith">{{cite web|title=ahadith|url=http://ahadith.co.uk/hadithbynarrator.php?n=Umm+Salamah&bid=15&let=U|accessdate=2 May 2014}}</ref>

'''Hadith 623''': "A woman asked the Prophet (saw): 'I bleed continuously and do not become pure. Should I give up the prayer?' He said: 'No, but leave off praying for the number of days and nights that you used to menstruate.'" (One of the narrators) Abu Bakr (Ibn Abu Shaibah) said in his Hadith: "Estimate the number of days in the month, then take a bath and cover your private part with a cloth and perform prayer."<ref name="ahadith"/>

'''Hadith 637''': "I was with the Messenger of Allah (saw) under his blanket, then I felt that I was menstruating as women do, so I slipped out from under the cover. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: 'Are you menstruating?' I said: 'I feel that I am menstruating as women do.' He said: 'That is what Allah has decreed for the daughters of Adam.' So I slipped out and sorted myself out, then I came back, and the Messenger of Allah (saw) said to me: 'Come under the cover with me,' so I went in with him.'"<ref name="ahadith"/>

'''Hadith 648''': "At the time of the Messenger of Allah (saw), women in postnatal bleeding (after childbirth) used to wait for forty days, and we used to put Wars on our faces because of freckles."<ref name="ahadith"/>

'''Hadith 491''': "Some meat from the shoulder of a sheep was brought to the Messenger of Allah (saw) and he ate some of it, then he performed prayer without touching water (for ablution)."

Also included are Hadiths 499, 531, 925, and 932.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Wives of Muhammad}}
{{Ali's companions}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Umayya, Umm Salama Hind Bint Abi}}
[[Category:Sahabah favored by Shias]]
[[Category:580 births]]
[[Category:680 deaths]]
[[Category:Wives of Muhammad]]

VBL (inbrafiltro)

2018-08-25T19:30:05Z

69.137.78.47: /* Versions */ Listify.

{{For|Vertical BLanking|Vertical blanking interval}}
{{no footnotes|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name= VBL Gladiador
| image= Vtr Bld Gladiador.png
| image_size = 300
| caption=
|origin={{flag|Brazil}}
|type=Wheeled [[all-terrain vehicle]]
|is_vehicle=yes
| crew= 2-3
| length= 3.80 m (4.00 m long version)
| width= 2.02 m
| height= 1.70 m
| weight= 3.5
| armour= [[STANAG]] level 1 (protection against [[7.62×51 NATO]] rounds and shrapnel)
| primary_armament= depends on the version
| secondary_armament= none
| engine= Engine 2.5 liter TDI diesel with intercooler, of 115CV the 3.800rpm, with torque of 29.0 mkgf 1.600rp
| engine_power= hp ( kW)
| suspension= 0.35 m ground clearance
| speed= 120 km/h
| pw_ratio= hp/t
| vehicle_range= 640 km (can be extended to 1000 km with external gas tanks)
| is_UK = yes
}}


The '''Light Armored Vehicle''' (PBL) - Group project Inbrafiltro - is designed for special operations security, in which the troops need protection and great mobility.

== History ==
Designed entirely within the premises of Inbrafiltro, the VBL, the 3.5 ton class has the monobloc built in ballistic steel plate and is equipped with a shield against 7.62 NATO ammunition.
Structured totally on mechanical Land Rover / Defender, the vehicle has high operational mobility, and may also be equipped with various defensive items and / or attack, with the desired configuration by the customer.

The model was designed to have an autonomy of 640 km of highway and 400 in rough terrain, without a trailer and without using additional fuel tanks. The maximum load is around 1600 pounds, capable of transporting the driver and five soldiers.

The VBL has capacity for chemical defense, biological or radiological detection laser beam on the car, and low thermal signature, radar and noise. Another feature includes nocturnal mobility and ability to be airborne in pairs in C-130 aircraft used by the Brazilian air force. The car has six smoke grenades launchers arranged on the sides of the vehicle.

==Versions==
* Marine armored combat vehicles (ACV Fuz)
* Armored Combat Vehicle Heavy Mortar (VBC Mrt Pes)
* Light Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle (VBR LR)
* Light Armored Combat Vehicle anti-vehicle (ACV AC LR)
* Light Armored Vehicle Special Note Advanced (VBE OA LR)
* Light Armored Vehicle Combat Mortar (VBC Mrt LR)
* Light Armored Vehicle Special Radar (Rdr VBE LR)

==Operators==
*{{BRA}}:
**01+ [[Military Police of Paraná State]]
**01+ [[National Force of Public Safety]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Modern IFV and APC}}

==External links==
*http://www.militarypower.com.br/laad09_24.jpg
*http://n.i.uol.com.br/ultnot/album//090414_armas_f_012.jpg
*http://www.defesanet.com.br/01_lz/laad2009/imagens/inbra/vbl_drw.jpg

[[Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of Brazil]]
[[Category:21st-century military vehicles]]
[[Category:Armoured cars]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Internal security vehicles]]

Cessna 188 Pacific rescue

2018-08-09T09:22:00Z

69.137.78.47: /* Events following the incident */Use full name rather than first name.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
|name = Cessna 188 Pacific rescue
|occurrence_type = Occurrence
|image = Cessna 188.JPG
|image_size = 350
|alt =
|caption = A [[Cessna 188]] similar to the rescued aircraft
|date = 22 December 1978
|type = Navigational Disorientation
|site = [[Pacific Ocean]]
|coordinates =


|aircraft_type = [[Cessna 188]]
|aircraft_name =
|operator = Jay Prochnow
|tail_number =
|origin = [[Pago Pago]]
|stopover =
|stopover0 =
|stopover1 =
|stopover2 =
|stopover3 =
|last_stopover =
|destination = [[Norfolk Island]]
|passengers = 0
|crew = 1
|injuries = 0
|fatalities = 0
|survivors = 1
}}
On 22 December 1978, a small [[Cessna 188]] aircraft, piloted by Jay Prochnow, became lost over the [[Pacific Ocean]]. The only other aircraft in the area that was able to assist was a commercial [[Air New Zealand]] flight. After several hours of searching, the crew of the Air New Zealand flight located the lost Cessna and led it to [[Norfolk Island]], where the plane landed safely.

==The incident==
Jay Prochnow, a retired US Navy pilot, was delivering a Cessna 188 from the United States to Australia. Prochnow had a colleague who was flying another Cessna 188 alongside him. The long trip would be completed in four stages. On the morning of 20 December, both pilots took off from [[Pago Pago]]. His colleague crashed on take off, but was unharmed. Prochnow landed and set out the following day to [[Norfolk Island]].

When Prochnow arrived at the region where he believed [[Norfolk Island]] was, he was unable to see the island. He informed Auckland [[Air Traffic Control]] (AATC), but at this point there was no immediate danger. He continued searching; after locating more homing beacons from other islands, he realised his [[automatic direction finder]] had malfunctioned and he was now lost somewhere over the [[Pacific Ocean]]. He alerted AATC and declared an emergency.

There was only one aircraft in the vicinity, Air New Zealand Flight 103, a [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]] travelling from [[Fiji]] to [[Auckland]]. The flight had 88 passengers on board. The captain was [[Gordon Vette]], the first officer was Arthur Dovey, and the [[flight engineer]] was Gordon Brooks. Vette knew that if they did not try and help, Prochnow would almost certainly die. Vette was a [[navigator]], and at the time of the incident he still held his licence. Furthermore, another passenger, Malcolm Forsyth, was also a navigator; when he heard about the situation he volunteered to help. As neither Prochnow nor the crew of the DC-10 had any real idea of where the Cessna was, the crew had to devise creative ways to find it. By this time, contact between both aircraft had been made on long range HF radio. Prochnow had crossed the international date line, and the date was now 22 December.
Vette was able to use the setting sun to gain an approximate position of the Cessna. He instructed the Cessna to point directly at the setting sun. He did the same, and noted the difference in heading between the aircraft as four degrees. After making an allowance for the differing altitudes of the aircraft, the difference in sunset times between the aircraft and Norfolk Island was also noted. This data allowed the crew to calculate that the Cessna must be southwest of the DC-10 by about 400 nautical miles. About 25 minutes after turning in that direction, contact on short range VHF radio was established. This had a range of 200 nautical miles. It was hoped the DC-10 would be making a [[vapour trail]] to make it more visible. After contacting Auckland it was determined that weather conditions were not suitable for a trail. Brooks knew that by [[Fuel dumping|dumping fuel]] they could produce a vapour trail. As the search was getting more and more desperate, they decided to try it. Prochnow did not see the trail, and it was starting to get dark. Vette wanted all the passengers to be involved, so he asked them to look out of the windows and invited small groups to come to the cockpit.

As it got darker and darker, Prochnow considered ditching, but Vette did not want to give up. So they also used a technique known as "aural boxing" to try to pinpoint the small plane; this took over an hour to complete. Once it had been done, they had a much better approximation of Prochnow's position. The DC-10 used its strobe lights to try to make itself more visible to the Cessna. It took some time, but eventually Prochnow reported seeing light. This was not the DC-10, it was an oil rig, and Prochnow went towards it. This was identified as ''Penrod'', which was being towed from New Zealand to [[Singapore]]. This gave Prochnow’s exact position. After some confusion about the exact position of the ''Penrod'', it was finally established that the estimates of the crew of the DC-10 were very accurate. Prochnow was able to make it to Norfolk Island with his remaining fuel. He touched down on Norfolk Island after being in the air for twenty-three hours and five minutes.

==Events following the incident==
[[McDonnell Douglas]] awarded the crew a certificate of commendation for "the highest standards of compassion, judgment and airmanship."

Gordon Brooks was the flight engineer on [[Air New Zealand Flight 901]] and was killed when the DC-10 crashed into [[Mount Erebus]], Antarctica, on 28 November 1979. Vette published a book about the Flight 901 disaster, called ''Impact Erebus''.

The incident was dramatised in the American 1993 made-for-TV movie ''[[Mercy Mission - the Rescue of Flight 771]]''. It starred [[Scott Bakula]] as Jay Prochnow and [[Robert Loggia]] as Gordon Vette.

==References==
''Emergency; Crisis in the Cockpit'', Stanley Stewart, pp 1–25

==External links==
*{{imdb title|0107556|Mercy Mission, the Rescue of flight 771}}
*[http://www.navworld.com/navcerebrations/mayday.htm A detailed explanation of the calculations the crew used to find the Cessna]
*[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/honoured-new-zealanders/news/article.cfm?c_id=513&objectid=10443510 Article on Captain Gordon Vette] discussing his role in the investigation of the [[Erebus crash]]

{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1978}}
{{Air New Zealand}}
[[Category:Air New Zealand accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 in Australia]]
[[Category:December 1978 events]]

Katie

2018-07-07T16:10:54Z

69.137.78.47: Fix.

{{other uses}}
{{Infobox given name
| name = Katie
| image=
| imagesize=
| caption=
| pronunciation={{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|eɪ|t|i}} {{respell|KAY|tee}}
| gender = Female
| meaning = "Pure"
| region = English-speaking countries
| origin = Greek
| related names = Katherine, Katharin, Kathryn, Katheryn, Catherine, Kaitlin, Katelyn, Kathern, Cathern, Kate, Kaity, Katy, Katerina, Catharine, Caitlyn, Catherine, Cathy, Cathaleen, Kathleen, Katija, Kaitie
}}

'''Katie''' is an English feminine name. It is a pet form of [[Katherine (given name)|Katherine]], [[Kate (given name)|Kate]], [[Caitlin]], [[Kathleen (given name)|Kathleen]], [[Katey]] and their related forms.<ref>[http://www.mfnames.com/fnames/k/origin-and-meaning-of-katie.htm MFnames.com - Origin and Meaning of Katie]</ref> It is frequently used on its own. Notable people with the name include:

==People==
===Sports===
*[[Katie Hill]] (born 1984), Australian wheelchair basketball player
*[[Katie Hnida]] (born 1981), American NCAA football player
*[[Katie Hoff]] (born 1989), American Olympic swimmer
*[[Katie Ledecky]] (born 1997), American swimmer
*[[Katie Swan]] (born 1999), British tennis player
*[[Katie Taylor]], Irish boxer and footballer, five-time world boxing and 2012 Olympic champion
*[[Katie Thorlakson]] (born 1985), Canadian soccer player

===Television and film===
* [[Katie Brown (TV personality)]] (born 1963), American television show host
* [[Katie Couric]] (born 1957), American journalist
* [[Katie Cassidy]] (born 1986), American singer and actress
* [[Katie Finneran]] (born 1971), American actress
* [[Katie Griffin]] (born 1973), Canadian actress, voice actress, and singer
* [[Katie Holmes]] (born 1978), American television and film actress
* [[Katie Hopkins]] (born 1975), the self-proclaimed "''Pantomime Villain''" of the third series of ''The Apprentice'' (UK)
* [[Katie Leclerc]] (born 1986), American actress
* [[Katie Leung]] (born 1987), Scottish actress
* [[Katie Lucas]] (born 1988), American actress and writer
* [[Katie McGrath]] (born c. 1983), Irish actress and model
* [[Katie Piper]] (born 1983), British broadcaster and model, wounded in a 2008 acid attack

===Music===
* [[Mac and Katie Kissoon|Katie Kissoon]] (born 1951, Trinidad and Tobago), English singer
* [[Katie Melua]] (born 1984), Georgian singer
* [[Katie Underwood]] (born 1975), Australian singer-songwriter
* [[Katie Waissel]] (born 1986), British singer and contestant in the seventh series of ''The X Factor'' (UK)
* [[Katie White]] (born 1983), English singer and front-woman of The Ting Tings
* [[Katy Perry]] (born 1991), American pop singer

===Other===
* [[Katie Hafner]] (born 1957), American journalist
* [[Katie Hillier]] (born 1973/74), British fashion designer
* [[Katie Perry]] (born 1980), Australian designer
* [[Katie Price]] (born 1978), British model also known as "Jordan"

==Fictional characters==
* [[Katie Bell (Harry Potter)|Katie Bell]], in the ''Harry Potter'' series by J.K. Rowling
* [[Katie Fitch]], in the British teen drama ''Skins''
* [[List of characters in mythology novels by Rick Riordan#Demigods|Katie Gardner]], in the [[Percy Jackson & the Olympians|''Percy Jackson'']] series by Rick Riordan
* [[Katie Matlin]], in the Canadian drama ''[[Degrassi (franchise)|Degrassi]]''
* [[Katie Peretti]], in the American soap opera ''As the World Turns''
* [[Katie Sugden]], in the ITV soap opera ''[[Emmerdale]]''
* [[Time Force Power Rangers#Katie Walker|Katie Walker]], the Yellow Time Force Ranger in ''Power Rangers: Time Force''
* Katie, from ''[[Total Drama Island]]'' and ''[[Total Drama Action]]''
* Katie, from ''[[School of Rock]]''
* Katie, from ''[[PAW Patrol]]''

==Other==
* [[Katie (monkey)]], who played Marcel in the American sitcom ''Friends''
* Katie, the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim [[Rally Monkey]]

==See also==
*[[Katey]]
*[[Katy (disambiguation)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}


{{given name}}

[[Category:English feminine given names]]
[[Category:Hypocorisms]]

[[hu:Kati]]

The Brave (TV series)

2018-01-26T22:46:52Z

69.137.78.47: Comma after year.

{{Infobox television
| show_name = The Brave
| image = The Brave logo.png
| image_size =
| caption =
| show_name_2 =
| genre = {{Plain list|
* [[Drama]]
* [[Military]]
}}
| creator = Dean Georgaris
| writer =
| director =
| creative_director =
| starring = {{Plain list|
* [[Anne Heche]]
* [[Mike Vogel]]
* [[Tate Ellington]]
* [[Demetrius Grosse]]
* Natacha Karam
* [[Noah Mills]]
* Sofia Pernas
* Hadi Tabbal
}}
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer = [[Toby Chu]]
| country = United States
| language = English
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 12
| list_episodes = #Episodes
| executive_producer = {{Plainlist|
* Brad Anderson
* Avi Nir
* [[Alon Shtruzman]]
* Peter Traugott
* Rachel Kaplan
* Karni Ziv
* Dean Georgaris
}}
| producer = Ben Rimmer
| channel = [[NBC]]
| location =
| cinematography = Daniel Aranyó
| editor = Jim Page
| camera = [[Single-camera setup|Single-camera]]
| runtime = 42–43 minutes
| first_aired = {{Start date|2017|9|25}}
| last_aired = {{End date|present}}
| company = {{Plainlist|
* Keshet International
* [[Universal Television]]
}}
| distributor = [[NBCUniversal Television Distribution]]
| website = http://www.nbc.com/the-brave
}}

'''''The Brave''''' is an American military [[drama]] series. It stars [[Anne Heche]] and [[Mike Vogel]], and was created by Dean Georgaris. The series premiered on September 25, 2017, on [[NBC]].<ref name="NBC Fall Premiere Dates">{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2017/06/19/nbc-announces-fall-premiere-dates-for-new-2017-18-season-720212/20170619nbc02/|title=NBC Announces Fall Premiere Dates for New 2017-18 Season|work=[[The Futon Critic]]|date=June 19, 2017|accessdate=June 19, 2017}}</ref>

==Cast and characters==

===Main===
* [[Anne Heche]] as Deputy Director of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] Patricia Campbell<ref name="Heche">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/02/anne-heche-cast-nbc-pilot-for-god-and-country-1201941263/|title=Anne Heche io Star in NBC Pilot 'For God and Country'|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=February 22, 2017|accessdate=February 22, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Mike Vogel]] as Captain Adam "Top" Dalton, a former [[Delta Force]] operator, communications director for the team<ref name="Vogel">{{cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=February 15, 2017 |title=Mike Vogel To Topline 'For God And Country' NBC Military Drama Pilot |url=http://deadline.com/2017/02/mike-vogel-star-for-god-and-country-nbc-military-drama-pilot-1201913259/ |publisher=[[Deadline.com]] |accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Tate Ellington]] as Noah Morgenthau, an analyst at the DIA and former [[CIA]] operative<ref name="auto">{{cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=May 4, 2017 |title='Rise' & 'For God And Country' Picked Up to Series by NBC |url=http://deadline.com/2017/05/rise-for-god-and-country-picked-upseries-nbc-1202084736/ |publisher=[[Deadline.com]] |accessdate=May 4, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Demetrius Grosse]] as CPO Ezekiel "Preach" Carter, a former [[U.S. Navy SEAL]]<ref name="Grosse">{{cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=February 24, 2017 |url=http://deadline.com/2017/02/lenny-platt-perfect-citizen-demetrius-grosse-for-god-and-country-pilot-castings-1201976505/|title=Lenny Platt Joins CBS Pilot 'Perfect Citizen'; Demetrius Grosse Cast In NBC's 'For God and Country' |publisher=[[Deadline.com]] |accessdate=February 24, 2017}}</ref>
* Natacha Karam as Sergeant Jasmine "Jaz" Khan, the team's sniper<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Noah Mills]] as Sergeant Joseph J. "McG" McGuire, the team's combat medic, a former Delta operator<ref name="Mills">{{cite web |last=Hipes |first=Patrick |date=February 28, 2017 |title=Noah Mills Enlists in 'For God and Country'; Lyric Lewis Joins NBC's Seth Meyers Pilot |url=http://deadline.com/2017/02/for-god-and-country-noah-mills-cast-lyric-lewis-seth-meyers-nbc-1202029014/ |publisher=[[Deadline.com]] |accessdate=February 28, 2017}}</ref>
* Sofia Pernas as Hannah Archer, a former operative turned analyst at the DIA<ref name="Pernas">{{cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=March 8, 2017 |title=Alan Powell Joins 'Redliners' NBC Drama Pilot; Sofia Pernas in 'For God and Country' |url=http://deadline.com/2017/03/alan-powell-redliners-nbc-drama-pilot-sofia-pernas-for-god-and-country-1202038822/ |publisher=[[Deadline.com]] |accessdate=March 8, 2017}}</ref>
* Hadi Tabbal as Agent Amir Al-Raisani, intelligence director and newest member of the team<ref name="auto"/>

===Recurring===
* Bahram Khosraviani as Qassem Javad<ref name="Khosraviani">{{cite web |last=Hipes |first=Patrick |date=October 18, 2017 |title=Marsha Thomason Scrubs in for 'The Good Doctor'; Bahram Khosraviani Joins 'The Brave' |url=http://deadline.com/2017/10/marsha-thomason-the-good-doctor-bahram-khosraviani-the-brave-casting-1202190831/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018232137/http://deadline.com/2017/10/marsha-thomason-the-good-doctor-bahram-khosraviani-the-brave-casting-1202190831/ |archivedate=October 18, 2017 |deadurl=no |publisher=[[Deadline.com]] |accessdate=October 18, 2017}}</ref>

==Production==
[[NBC]] ordered the pilot to series on May 4, 2017 together with ''[[Rise (TV series)|Rise]]'', making both series the first regular series orders for the [[2017–18 United States network television schedule]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/05/rise-for-god-and-country-picked-upseries-nbc-1202084736/|title=‘Rise’ & ‘For God And Country’ Picked Up To Series By NBC|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 4, 2017|accessdate=May 4, 2017}}</ref> In May 2017 NBC announced that Matt Corman and Chris Ord would be the series' showrunners.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Otterson|first1=Joe|title=NBC’s ‘The Brave’ Taps ‘Covert Affairs’ Creators as Co-Showrunners|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/nbc-the-brave-taps-matt-corman-chris-ord-co-showrunners-1202442909/|website=Variety|accessdate=24 May 2017}}</ref>

==Episodes==
{{Episode table |background=#4C5966 |overall=7 |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |viewers= |country=U.S. |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Pilot
|DirectedBy = [[Brad Anderson (director)|Brad Anderson]]
|WrittenBy = Dean Georgaris
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|9|25}}
|Viewers = 5.96<ref name="1.01">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-sept-25-2017/|title='Big Bang' and 'Young Sheldon' adjust up, 'Good Doctor,' 'DWTS,' 'The Brave,' 'Me, Myself & I' down: Monday final ratings|date=September 26, 2017|last=Porter|first=Rick|work=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=September 26, 2017}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = When Dr. Kimberly Wells, an [[ophthalmologist]] with [[Doctors Without Borders]], is kidnapped by the [[Al-Nusra Front]] in Northern Syria, it is up to [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] Special Ops Capt. Adam Dalton and his team of misfits to find the terrorists responsible and bring her home safely.
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Moscow Rules
|DirectedBy = [[Yves Simoneau]]
|WrittenBy = Dean Georgaris
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|10|2}}
|Viewers = 5.17<ref name="1.02">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-oct-2-2017/|title=‘Big Bang Theory,’ ‘Voice’ adjust up; ‘Good Doctor,’ ‘DWTS,’ ‘Kevin Can Wait,’ ‘The Brave’ & ‘Scorpion’ down: Monday final ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=October 3, 2017|publisher=[[TV by the Numbers]]|accessdate=October 3, 2017}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = When a CIA safe house in [[Ukraine]] is attacked and one of the operatives hurt and on the run, the team must both locate her while evading the highly skilled Russian ops team in pursuit of her.
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = The Greater Good
|DirectedBy = [[Jeffrey Nachmanoff]]
|WrittenBy = {{StoryTeleplay|s=Dean Georgaris & Michael Alaimo|t=Michael Alaimo}}
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|10|9}}
|Viewers = 5.14<ref name="1.03">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-oct-9-2017/|title=‘Big Bang Theory’ and ‘Good Doctor’ adjust up, other CBS shows and ‘The Brave’ down: Monday final ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=October 10, 2017|publisher=[[TV by the Numbers]]|accessdate=October 10, 2017}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =The team is tasked with planting a bug on an extremely paranoid arms dealer who supplies weapons to terrorists, aided by an undercover Mexican agent and a mole in the terrorist organization – the leader's mistress.
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Break Out
|DirectedBy = [[David Straiton]]
|WrittenBy = Mike Daniels
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|10|16}}
|Viewers = 4.97<ref name="1.04">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-oct-16-2017/|title='Big Bang,' 'Voice,' 'Lucifer,' 'Me, Myself & I' adjust up, ABC and '9JKL' down: Monday final ratings|publisher=[[TV by the Numbers]]|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=October 17, 2017|accessdate=October 17, 2017}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =The team, along with Deputy Director Patricia Campbell, enter an Afghani military prison to interrogate an American who joined the Taliban and has intimate knowledge of an imminent attack. During the interrogation, the Taliban prisoners stage a prison break, and the team must escape before the heavily armed Taliban reinforcements arrive.
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Enhanced Protection
|DirectedBy = [[John Terlesky]]
|WrittenBy = Matt Corman & Chris Ord
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|10|23}}
|Viewers = 5.19<ref name="1.05">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-oct-23-2017/|title=‘The Good Doctor’ adjusts down, ‘Big Bang Theory’ and ‘Voice’ adjust up: Monday final ratings|publisher=[[TV by the Numbers]]|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=October 24, 2017|accessdate=October 24, 2017}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The DIA intercepts chatter about an impending attack on a peace summit in [[Nigeria]] which will be attended by the [[United States Ambassador to Nigeria|US Ambassador]]. Dalton and his team are assigned to the Ambassador's protection detail. However, the attack ends up being at a mall, and the Ambassador's wife is taken hostage. The team rushes to the mall to stop the terrorists before they identify the Ambassador's wife, and before they find out the prisoner they want released is already dead. Meanwhile, Campell receives the letter her son wrote to her in the event of his death, which was just delivered.
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = The Seville Defection
|DirectedBy = Tessa Blake
|WrittenBy = Mike Daniels
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|10|30}}
|Viewers = 4.55<ref name="1.06">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-oct-30-2017/|title='Lucifer' adjusts up, 'Good Doctor' and 'Dancing With the Stars' adjust down: Monday final ratings|publisher=[[TV by the Numbers]]|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=October 31, 2017|accessdate=October 31, 2017}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =When a Russian spy's daughter turns to the team in Spain looking to help her father defect, the team must simultaneously avoid Venezuelan and Russian operatives while Morgenthau enters the field to try and flush out a Russian mole at the [[National Security Agency|NSA]].
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = It's All Personal
|DirectedBy = [[Breck Eisner]]
|WrittenBy = Jamie Pachino
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|11|6}}
|Viewers = 5.18<ref name="1.07">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-nov-6-2017/|title=‘Dancing With the Stars,’ ‘The Gifted,’ Luke Bryan special adjust down: Monday final ratings|publisher=[[TV by the Numbers]]|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=November 7, 2017|accessdate=November 7, 2017}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Amir goes under-cover, assuming his identity as an Algerian ISIS operative, in order to infiltrate a cell in Paris that kidnapped a boy to use him as a suicide bomber. His decisions cause tension for the team as they don't believe that the boy is an unwilling participant.
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Stealth
|DirectedBy = [[John Stuart Scott|John Scott]]
|WrittenBy = Theo Travers
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|11|13}}
|Viewers = 5.03<ref name="1.08">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-nov-13-2017/|title=‘The Voice,’ ‘Kevin Can Wait,’ ‘The Gifted’ adjust up, ‘DWTS’ down: Monday final ratings|publisher=[[TV by the Numbers]]|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=November 14, 2017|accessdate=November 14, 2017}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = The group has to go in and out of Mongolia to retrieve information on a drone that crashed. They have to evade Russians and Chinese military.
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Desperate Times
|DirectedBy = [[Félix Enríquez Alcalá]]
|WrittenBy = Denise Harkavy & Dean Georgaris
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|11|20}}
|Viewers = 4.66<ref name="1.09">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-nov-20-2017/|title=‘Good Doctor,’ ‘Dancing with the Stars,’ ‘Kevin Can Wait,’ ‘Man with a Plan’ adjust down: Monday final ratings|publisher=[[TV by the Numbers]]|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=November 21, 2017|accessdate=November 21, 2017}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = A new mission takes them to Iran to eliminate an elusive terrorist responsible for the bombing in Turkey.
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Desperate Measures
|DirectedBy = Marisol Adler
|WrittenBy = Matt Corman & Chris Ord
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|1|8}}
|Viewers = 2.93<ref name="1.10">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-jan-8-2018/|title=‘The Brave’ and ‘Supergirl’ rerun adjust down: Monday final ratings|publisher=[[TV by the Numbers]]|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=January 9, 2018|accessdate=January 9, 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Dalton and what remains of his team try to escape with their lives as they process a devastating loss. Meanwhile, in DC, Patricia will stop at nothing to make things right, even if it means putting her career at risk.
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|Title = Grounded
|DirectedBy = [[Mikael Salomon]]
|WrittenBy = Sue Chung
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|1|15}}
|Viewers = 3.95<ref name="1.11">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-jan-15-2018/|title='The Gifted’ finale, ‘The Good Doctor’ and all others hold: Monday final ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|work=[[TV by the Numbers]]|date=January 17, 2017|accessdate=January 17, 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = With Jaz benched after her times as a POW, the rest of the team travels to [[Colombia]] to confront a terrorist with a secret hidden agenda. With Campbell on suspension, Noah is acting Deputy Director and Hannah returns to the field.
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|Title = Close to Home: Part 1
|DirectedBy = David Boyd
|WrittenBy = Michael Alaimo
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|1|22}}
|Viewers = 3.40<ref name="1.12">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-jan-22-2018/|title='The Brave' adjusts up: Monday final ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|work=TV by the Numbers|date=January 23, 2018|accessdate=January 23, 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|Title = Close to Home: Part 2
|RTitle = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/listings/20180109nbc15/|title=(#113) "Close to Home: Part 2"|publisher=[[The Futon Critic]]|accessdate=January 9, 2017}}</ref>
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|1|29}}
|Viewers =
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #4C5966
}}
}}

==Reception==
===Ratings===
{{Television episode ratings
| title1 = [[#ep1|Pilot]]
| date1 = September 25, 2017
| rs1 = 1.3/5
| viewers1 = 5.96<ref name="1.01"/>
| dvr1 = 0.9
| dvrv1 = 3.71
| total1 = 2.2
| totalv1 = 9.67<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/broadcast-live-7-ratings-sept-25-oct-1-2017/|title='This Is Us' and 'The Good Doctor' score big in premiere week broadcast Live +7 ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|publisher=[[TV By The Numbers]]|date=October 13, 2017|accessdate=October 14, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014174621/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/broadcast-live-7-ratings-sept-25-oct-1-2017/|archivedate=October 14, 2017}}</ref>

| title2 = [[#ep2|Moscow Rules]]
| date2 = October 2, 2017
| rs2 = 1.1/4
| viewers2 = 5.17<ref name="1.02"/>
| dvr2 = n/a
| dvrv2 = 3.12
| total2 = n/a
| totalv2 = 8.29<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/week-2-broadcast-live-7-ratings-oct-2-8-2017/|title='The Orville,' 'Once Upon a Time,' 5 more shows double in week 2 broadcast Live +7 ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|publisher=[[TV By The Numbers]]|date=October 18, 2017|accessdate=October 18, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018231051/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/week-2-broadcast-live-7-ratings-oct-2-8-2017/|archivedate=October 18, 2017}}</ref>

| title3 = [[#ep3|The Greater Good]]
| date3 = October 9, 2017
| rs3 = 1.1/4
| viewers3 = 5.13<ref name="1.03"/>
| dvr3 = 0.7
| dvrv3 = 3.23
| total3 = 1.8
| totalv3 = 8.37<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/week-3-broadcast-live-7-ratings-oct-9-15-2017/|title='The Good Doctor' is the most-watched show on TV in week 3 broadcast Live +7 ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=October 25, 2017|work=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref>

| title4 = [[#ep4|Break Out]]
| date4 = October 16, 2017
| rs4 = 1.0/4
| viewers4 = 4.97<ref name="1.04"/>
| dvr4 = n/a
| dvrv4 = 2.90
| total4 = n/a
| totalv4 = 7.87<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/week-4-broadcast-live-7-ratings-oct-16-22-2017/|title='Chicago PD,' 10 more shows double in week 4 broadcast Live +7 ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=November 2, 2017|work=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=November 2, 2017}}</ref>

| title5 = [[#ep5|Enhanced Protection]]
| date5 = October 23, 2017
| rs5 = 1.0/4
| viewers5 = 5.19<ref name="1.05"/>
| dvr5 = n/a
| dvrv5 = 2.86
| total5 = n/a
| totalv5 = 8.05<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/week-5-broadcast-live-7-ratings-oct-23-29-2017/|title='Grey's Anatomy' keeps rolling along in week 5 broadcast Live +7 ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=November 9, 2017|work=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=November 9, 2017}}</ref>

| title6 = [[#ep6|The Seville Deduction]]
| date6 = October 30, 2017
| rs6 = 0.8/3
| viewers6 = 4.55<ref name="1.06"/>
| dvr6 = 0.7
| dvrv6 = 2.85
| total6 = 1.5
| totalv6 = 7.40<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/week-6-broadcast-live-7-ratings-oct-30-nov-5-2017/|title='This Is Us' and 12 more shows double in week 6 broadcast Live +7 ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=November 17, 2017|work=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=November 17, 2017}}</ref>

| title7 = [[#ep7|It's All Personal]]
| date7 = November 6, 2017
| rs7 = 1.0/4
| viewers7 = 5.18<ref name="1.07"/>
| dvr7 = 0.7
| dvrv7 = 2.95
| total7 = 1.7
| totalv7 = 8.13<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/week-7-broadcast-live-7-ratings-nov-6-12-2017/|title='This Is Us' rides high in week 7 broadcast Live +7 ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=November 27, 2017|work=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=November 27, 2017}}</ref>

| title8 = [[#ep8|Stealth]]
| date8 = November 13, 2017
| rs8 = 1.0/4
| viewers8 = 5.03<ref name="1.08"/>
| dvr8 = n/a
| dvrv8 = 2.94
| total8 = n/a
| totalv8 = 7.96<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/week-8-broadcast-live-7-ratings-nov-13-19-2017/|title='Jane the Virgin,' 10 other shows double in week 8 broadcast Live +7 ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=December 5, 2017|work=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=December 5, 2017}}</ref>

| title9 = [[#ep9|Desperate Times]]
| date9 = November 20, 2017
| rs9 = 0.9/3
| viewers9 = 4.66<ref name="1.09"/>
| dvr9 = 0.7
| dvrv9 = 2.90
| total9 = 1.6
| totalv9 = 7.56<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/dvr-ratings/week-9-broadcast-live-7-ratings-nov-20-26-2017/|title='Chicago Med' premiere makes solid gains in week 9 broadcast Live +7 ratings|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=December 7, 2017|work=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=December 7, 2017}}</ref>

| title10 = [[#ep10|Desperate Measures]]
| date10 = January 8, 2018
| rs10 = 0.5/2
| viewers10= 2.93<ref name="1.10"/>
| dvr10 =
| dvrv10 =
| total10 =
| totalv10 =

| title11 = [[#ep11|Grounded]]
| date11 = January 15, 2018
| rs11 = 0.7/3
| viewers11= 3.95<ref name="1.11"/>
| dvr11 =
| dvrv11 =
| total11 =
| totalv11 =

| title12 = [[#ep12|Close to Home: Part 1]]
| date12 = January 22, 2018
| rs12 = 0.7/3
| viewers12= 3.40<ref name="1.12"/>
| dvr12 =
| dvrv12 =
| total12 =
| totalv12 =

| title13 = [[#ep13|Close to Home: Part 2]]
| date13 = January 29, 2018
| rs13 =
| viewers13=
| dvr13 =
| dvrv13 =
| total13 =
| totalv13 =
}}

===Critical response===
The [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] reported a 38% approval rating, with an average rating of 5.75/10 based on 21 reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_brave/s01|title=The Brave: Season 1 (2017)|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=October 2, 2017}}</ref> [[Metacritic]], which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 54 out of 100 based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-brave|title=The Brave : Season 1|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=October 2, 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=6461736|title=The Brave}}

{{NBCNetwork Shows (current and upcoming)}}
{{Portal bar|Television in the United States}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brave (TV series), The}}
[[Category:2010s American television series]]
[[Category:2017 American television series debuts]]
[[Category:American drama television series]]
[[Category:English-language television programs]]
[[Category:NBC network shows]]
[[Category:Military television series]]
[[Category:Television series by Universal Television]]
[[Category:Terrorism in fiction]]

Lights (musician)

2018-01-20T03:52:16Z

69.137.78.47: Unsourced.

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Lights
| background = solo_singer
| image = LIGHTS IMG 6799 (15999651243).jpg
| landscape = no
| caption = Lights, 2014
| image_size =
| birth_name = Valerie Anne Poxleitner
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|4|11}}
| birth_place = [[Timmins]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| origin = [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Electropop]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/little-machines-mw0002702077 | title=Lights - Little Machines | publisher=[[AllMusic]] | accessdate=October 11, 2016 | author=Collar, Matt}}</ref>
*[[electronic rock]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Faulkner|first1=Brent|title=Lights: Siberia Acoustic|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/171127-lights-siberia-acoustic/|work=[[PopMatters]]|accessdate=August 6, 2014}}</ref>
*[[indietronica]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|last1=Faulkner|first1=Brent|title=Lights: Siberia Acoustic|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/171127-lights-siberia-acoustic/|work=[[PopMatters]]|accessdate=March 29, 2017}}</ref>
*[[synthpop]]<ref name="auto"/>}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer-songwriter
* musician
}}
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* Vocals
* synthesizer
* keytar
* guitar
* piano
}}
| years_active = 2006–present
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Underground Operations|Underground]]
* [[Doghouse Records|Doghouse]]
* [[Sire Records|Sire]]
* Lights Music
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
* [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]
* [[Last Gang Records|Last Gang]]
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[Young Artists for Haiti]]
* [[Owl City]]
* [[Blessthefall]]
* [[Bring Me The Horizon]]
}}
| website = {{URL|music.iamlights.com}}
}}

'''Lights''' (born '''Valerie Anne Poxleitner'''; April 11, 1987) is a Canadian musician, singer, and songwriter. She is known for her gold-certified albums ''The Listening'' and ''Siberia''<ref name="Audio & Video Certifications">{{cite web|url=http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php |title=Audio & Video Certifications |date=October 2010 |publisher=[[Canadian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=December 4, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029215339/http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php |archivedate=October 29, 2013 |df= }}</ref> as well as singles "[[Drive My Soul]]", "[[February Air]]", "[[Ice (Lights song)|Ice]]", "[[Second Go]]", "[[Toes (Lights song)|Toes]]", and "[[Up We Go]]". She is managed by [[Last Gang]] Management (an [[Entertainment One]] company). Lights tours extensively to support her recordings.

Lights was awarded the 2009 [[Juno Awards|Juno Award]] for [[Juno Award for New Artist of the Year|New Artist of the Year]].<ref name="Chart23Feb09">{{cite web | url=http://www.christianscampus.com/2011/10/lights-siberia-2011-english-christian.html | publisher=Christiancampus.com | accessdate=April 6, 2009 | date=February 23, 2009 | title=Lights Proves Breakout-Ready | first=Sheena | last=Lyonnais }}</ref><ref name="AMG">{{cite web |first=Matt |last=Collar |title=Review: ''The Listening'' |url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r1639494|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |accessdate=January 22, 2011}}</ref> and two 2009 [[Astral Media|Astral Media Radio]] awards during [[Canadian Music Week]].<ref name="2009 Nominees/Winners">{{cite web |url=http://indies.ca/nominees_winners/2009-nomineeswinners/ |title=2009 Nominees/Winners |publisher=Indies. [[Canadian Music Week]] |accessdate=January 13, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Canadian Radio Music Awards">{{cite web |url=http://www.cmw.net/cmw2009/awards_crma.asp |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130052949/http://www.cmw.net/cmw2009/awards_crma.asp |archivedate=January 30, 2009 |title=Canadian Radio Music Awards |work=[[Canadian Music Week]] |date=March 13, 2009 |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref>

==Early life==
Lights was born Valerie Anne Poxleitner in [[Timmins]], [[Ontario]]. As the daughter of missionary parents, Welsh mother, Virginia Poxleitner and Canadian father of German and Austrian descent, Eric Poxleitner,<ref>{{cite web |last=Sterdan |first=Darryl |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/2011/09/19/18708991.html |title=Lights out to tour Canada |publisher=[[Jam!]] [[Canadian Online Explorer|CANOE]] |date=September 9, 2011 |accessdate=September 25, 2011}}</ref> she spent her childhood in many parts of the world, including the Philippines, Jamaica, Ontario, and [[British Columbia]]. She moved to [[Toronto]] at the age of 18 when she legally changed her name to Lights. She got the nickname "Lights" from her last name Poxleitner. As there was already a signed band named "Lights", having her name officially changed was a way to use it despite prior copyright.<ref name="Lyonnais">{{cite web|url=http://www.torontomusicscene.ca/interviews/lights-makes-us-happy.html |title=Lights makes us happy |work=Toronto Music Scene – Indie News + Interviews |author=Sheena Lyonnais |date=March 10, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512115327/http://www.torontomusicscene.ca/interviews/lights-makes-us-happy.html |archivedate=May 12, 2008 |df= }}</ref><ref name="GM2009" /><ref name="Jam22Oct2009">{{cite news | url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/L/Lights/2009/10/22/pf-11483541.html | title=Small-town girl follows Lights | first=Jane | last=Stevenson | publisher=[[Jam!]]/Sun Media | date=October 22, 2009 | accessdate=May 17, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="Kevin Young">{{cite web|url=http://www.canadianmusician.com/online-mar-apr-10/index.php |title=Looking Into Lights |work=[[Canadian Musician]] |volume=63 |issue=3 |first=Kevin |last=Young |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129214629/http://www.canadianmusician.com/online-mar-apr-10/index.php |archivedate=November 29, 2010 }}</ref>

==Music career==

===2006–07: Musical beginnings===
In high school, Lights played guitar and sang in the metal band Shovel Face. She set up a page on Myspace, accumulating a following. She began writing for [[Sony/ATV Music Publishing]],<ref name="ACE">{{cite web | url=http://www.ascap.org/ace/search.cfm | title=ACE Title Search | publisher=ASCAP | accessdate=September 9, 2009 }} Search for Lights as performer.</ref> and composed music for the television series ''[[Instant Star]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/250438 |title=Writing music for Instant Star |work=Toronto Star |date=August 28, 2007 |accessdate=February 1, 2014}}</ref> She and [[Luke McMaster]] are credited with composing "Perfect," sung in the role of Jude Harrison on the show by [[Alexz Johnson]].

In late 2006, she worked with Canadian photographer Marc Lostracco to film her first music video, "[[February Air]]," for a [[Sony]] promotion; however, Sony didn't confirm the deal, and the project was never completed.

In 2007, she contracted with [[Jian Ghomeshi]], who acted as her manager until late 2014.<ref name="GM2009">{{cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/a-career-clocked-at-lightning-speed/article1343662/ | title=A career clocked at lightning speed | first=Amy | last=Verner | date=March 25, 2009 | newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] | accessdate=November 28, 2014 }}</ref>

===2008–09: Lights and ''The Listening''===

Starting in early 2008, Lights toured cities in the [[Great Lakes]] region, in both Canada and the United States. Around the same time, her song "[[Drive My Soul]]" rose to No.18 in the [[Canadian Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/BDS_1.html|title=Canadian Hot 100|publisher=Jam.canoe.ca|accessdate=Nov 3, 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207023616/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/BDS_1.html|archivedate=February 7, 2005|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In late 2008, she toured the United States.<ref name="Chartattack">{{cite web|author=Brian Pascual |url=http://www.chartattack.com/news/54080/lights-finally-finds-the-right-phase |title=Lights Finally Finds The Right Phase |date=June 23, 2008 |accessdate=December 29, 2008 |work=[[Chart (magazine)|ChartAttack.com]] |publisher=Chart Communications, Inc. |location=Toronto |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310090409/http://www.chartattack.com/news/54080/lights-finally-finds-the-right-phase |archivedate=March 10, 2010 |df= }}</ref>

In August 2008, Lights signed a record deal with Toronto-based label [[Underground Operations]]. She also signed an American partnership deal with Warner Bros. along with [[Doghouse Records]].<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news |title=Warner Bros. Records Partners with Doghouse to Sign Electro-Pop Artist LIGHTS Label... | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUS231737+15-Sep-2008+BW20080915 | agency=Reuters | date=September 15, 2008 | accessdate=October 14, 2010 }}</ref> Her EP was released in stores in September. Her second single, "[[February Air]]," which had been used in a commercial for [[Old Navy]] in early 2008,<ref name="Lyonnais" /><ref name="BillboardMay2008">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VxQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA12 | title=Old Navy Tunes In | first=Kamau | last=High | page=12 | work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | date=May 24, 2008}}</ref> released in December and sold about 12,000 copies.

Lights contributed vocals in [[Ten Second Epic]]'s song "Every Day" and appeared in their music video. The song appeared on the [[Big Shiny Tunes|''Big Shiny Tunes 14'']] compilation album and the music video was nominated for Best Independent Music Video at the 2010 [[MuchMusic Video Awards]]. She is also featured on the soundtrack (songs "Ben" and "Climbing") for the 2008 Canadian film ''[[One Week (2008 film)|One Week]]'', starring [[Joshua Jackson]]. She was a guest vocalist on the album ''A Shipwreck in the Sand'', released in 2009 by post-hardcore band [[Silverstein (band)|Silverstein]] from [[Burlington, Ontario]].

In 2009, Lights released her third single to Canadian radio stations called "Ice" with a homemade video released on her [[MySpace]]. She also released a second video for "Ice" in Canada on November 10, 2009. It was released in the United States on November 11, 2009. On August 10, 2009, her music video for "Saviour" was released. <ref name="HallMusique">{{cite news | url=http://www.hall-musique.net/2009/09/interview-lumieres-sur-lights-oh-oh.html | title=Interview • Lumières sur Lights (oh oh) | date=September 20, 2009 | accessdate=September 20, 2009 | publisher=Hall Musique | language=French | first=Stéphane | last=Brunet }}</ref>

In March, Lights was named on the American music website Shred News's 10 ''Artists to Watch in 2010.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shrednews.com/ten-artists-to-watch/ |title=Ten Artists To Watch In 2010 Part 1 | |publisher=Shrednews.com |date=March 12, 2010 |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref>

While touring in the summer on the 2009 Vans Warped Tour, Lights's single "Saviour" premiered on Canadian radio stations on July 6, 2009. The song is from her first full-length album, ''[[The Listening (Lights album)|The Listening]]'', which was released on September 22 in Canada.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chartattack.com/news/73219/lights-release-date-set |title=LIGHTS Release Date Set |date=August 12, 2009 |first=Bianca |last=Marcus |work=[[Chart (magazine)|Chart]] |accessdate=September 9, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918084634/http://www.chartattack.com/news/73219/lights-release-date-set |archivedate=September 18, 2009 |df= }}</ref> It was released on October 6 in the United States after she left [[Underground Operations]] for her own record label, Lights Music Inc. The cover for the album was also released. According to Lights, the entire artwork was inspired by ''[[Watchmen]]'', ''[[28 Days Later]]'', and ''[[Sailor Moon]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=LIGHTS @ Warped Tour (Updated with Audio) |url=http://eggplante.com/2009/07/11/lights-warped-tour/ |publisher=Eggplante!}}</ref>

In September 2009, Lights toured with the British band [[Keane (band)|Keane]] on their Canadian/Pacific Northwest tour.<ref name="HallMusique" /> In late 2009, Lights toured all around the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] with [[Stars of Track and Field]].

===2010–2013: ''Acoustic'' EP, ''Siberia'', ''Siberia Acoustic'', and tour===
[[File:LIGHTS II.jpg|thumb|Lights performing in Toronto, 2010.]]
Lights toured from January–May 2010 with contemporary synthpop artist [[Owl City]] in Canada, the United States, and Europe. She was featured on Owl City's song "The Yacht Club" on 2011 album ''[[All Things Bright and Beautiful (album)|All Things Bright and Beautiful]]'', and appeared in the music video for his song "[[Deer in the Headlights]]." She went on a two-week solo UK tour in May 2010 being supported by fellow Canadian artist [[Rich Aucoin]] for most of her shows. Additionally, Lights was a special guest for pop-rock band [[Hedley (band)|Hedley]]'s The Show Must Go... On The Road Tour, as well as These Kids Wear Crowns.

Lights released an acoustic EP titled ''[[Acoustic (Lights EP)|Acoustic]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/acoustic-ep/id380763318 |title=Acoustic – EP by Lights – Download Acoustic – EP on iTunes |publisher=iTunes Store |date=July 16, 2010 |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref> in July 2010. Her debut for the album was at the [[University of Waterloo]], where she had received most of her inspiration for the album. That same month, she began her six-date tour around the US, performing her songs acoustically. In September, she toured with Hedley for eight dates on the Ontario leg of their Canadian tour. In October 2010, [[Bring Me The Horizon]]'s album ''[[There Is a Hell, Believe Me I've Seen It. There Is a Heaven, Let's Keep It a Secret]]'' featured Lights as a guest vocalist on the songs "Crucify Me" and "Don't Go."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=147610 | publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]] | title=Bring Me The Horizon's 'There Is A Hell' Cracks U.S. Top 20 | date=October 13, 2010 | accessdate=March 29, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She is also featured on [[The Secret Handshake]]'s song "Used to be Sweet" from their album ''Night and Day''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hangout.altsounds.com/news/122798-secret-handshake-announces-fall-headlining-tour.html |title=The Secret Handshake announces fall headlining tour |date=October 13, 2010 |publisher=Altsounds |accessdate=April 13, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224115354/http://hangout.altsounds.com/news/122798-secret-handshake-announces-fall-headlining-tour.html |archivedate=December 24, 2013 |df= }}</ref>
[[File:LIGHTS - Glasgow King Tut's Wah Wah Hut, May 20th 2010.jpg|thumb|left|Lights performing at [[King Tut's Wah Wah Hut]], May 20, 2010.]]
In October 2010, Lights released "[[My Boots (song)|My Boots]]." She also left on her headlining tour with [[Jeremy Fisher]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rockstarweekly.com/lights-releases-new-single-in-time-for-fall-tour.html |title=Lights Releases New Single In Time For Fall Tour |newspaper=[[Rockstar Weekly]] |date=October 13, 2010 |accessdate=October 14, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724094029/http://www.rockstarweekly.com/lights-releases-new-single-in-time-for-fall-tour.html |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref>

At the June 2011 Utopia Music Festival, Lights performed three new songs, "[[Toes (Lights song)|Toes]]", "Where the Fence is Low," and "Everybody Breaks a Glass." The single "Toes" was released in August as the first single to Lights' second studio album, [[Siberia (Lights album)|''Siberia'']]. Lights signed with [[Last Gang Records]]; concerns by the label executives about her shift in style to a more gritty sound caused delay in the release of the album, but it was eventually released online in the US and Canada on October 4 and later that month in iTunes stores in Australia. ''Siberia'' received positive reviews and was nominated for a [[Juno Award]] for Best Pop Album of the Year.<ref name="siberia-aus">{{cite web|title=LIGHTS 'SIBERIA' – JUNO AWARD WINNING SONGSTRESS TO RELEASE SOPHOMORE ALBUM IN AUSTRALIA OCTOBER 28 |url=http://aaabackstage.com/news/latest/1131-lights-siberia-juno-award-winning-songstress-to-release-sophomore-album-in-australia-october-28.html |publisher=Aaabackstage.com |accessdate=February 1, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425055504/http://aaabackstage.com/news/latest/1131-lights-siberia-juno-award-winning-songstress-to-release-sophomore-album-in-australia-october-28.html |archivedate=April 25, 2012 |df= }}</ref> Lights said in an interview that her favorite song on ''Siberia'' was "Flux and Flow."<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Caitlin |url=http://thesoundalarm.com/?p=12713 |title=Interview: LIGHTS |publisher=The Sound Alarm |date=October 18, 2011 |accessdate=December 3, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402175732/http://thesoundalarm.com/?p=12713 |archivedate=April 2, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In March 2013, Lights released an acoustic version of "Cactus in the Valley", featuring Owl City, as a single in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/cactus-in-valley-acoustic/id618426134|title=Cactus in the Valley (Acoustic) – Single by Lights|accessdate=June 14, 2013|publisher=[[iTunes]]. [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]}}</ref>

''[[Siberia Acoustic]]'', was released in April 2013, and reached Number 7 in Canada. She toured around North America in support of the album,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neonlimelight.com/2013/03/04/lights-announces-release-date-tracklisting-tour-dates-for-siberia-acoustic/ |title=LIGHTS Announces Release Date, Tracklisting, Tour Dates For "Siberia Acoustic" | Neon Limelight - Exclusive Music News, Artist Interviews, Reviews, Photos! |publisher=Neon Limelight |date=March 4, 2013 |accessdate=February 1, 2014}}</ref> with [[Dear Rouge]] opening some dates and [[Lianne La Havas]] opening others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesnipenews.com/music/concert-photos-music/lights-siberia-acoustic-tour/ |title=Lights Siberia Acoustic Tour Vancouver photos |publisher=Thesnipenews.com |accessdate=February 1, 2014}}</ref>

===2014–2016: ''Little Machines''===
{{Refimprove section|date=June 2017}}
In July 2014, Lights' album, ''[[Little Machines]]'', became available for pre-order on iTunes with its lead single, "[[Up We Go]]", available to download. The album was released on September 23 in the US and Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/lights_announces_new_album_little_machines_streams_lead_single|title=LIGHTS announces new album, ‘Little Machines;’ streams lead single - News - Alternative Press|website=Alternative Press|access-date=September 5, 2017}}</ref> "[[Running with the Boys]]" received radio play early 2015 as the second official single, while "Portal" and "Same Sea" received promotional releases.

In September 2014 the music video for "Up We Go" was released.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.idolator.com/7533700/lights-up-we-go-video-watch|title=LIGHTS' "Up We Go" Video: Watch The Charming Elevator-Set Romp - idolator|date=September 3, 2014|work=idolator|access-date=September 5, 2017}}</ref> This video was filmed all in one take and currently has more than 2.5 million views. In October, Lights parted ways with her long-time manager [[Jian Ghomeshi]].

In 2015 the artist continued touring extensively in venues such as [[Old National Centre]] in [[Indianapolis]] in support of her most recent album. That year she began work on an EP titled "Midnight Machines".; it was released on April 8, 2016 and included six tracks from Little Machines, as well as two new songs called "Follow You Down" and "Head Cold."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/lights_announces_new_acoustic_album_midnight_machines|title=Lights announces new acoustic album ‘Midnight Machines’ - News - Alternative Press|website=Alternative Press|access-date=September 5, 2017}}</ref>

Avatars of Lights with her band and her songs "Same Sea" and "Up We Go" were featured in the 2016 video game "LOUD on Planet X".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://music.iamlights.com/loud-on-planet-x/|title=LOUD On Planet X {{!}} Lights|date=May 6, 2015|work=Lights|access-date=September 5, 2017}}</ref>

===2017–present: ''Skin & Earth''===
In April 2017, Lights announced the forthcoming release of her fourth studio album, ''Skin & Earth''.<ref name="skin and earth">{{cite news|last1=Russell|first1=Erica|title=Lights Announces New Post-Apocalyptic Concept Album, 'Skin & Earth' |url=http://popcrush.com/lights-skin-and-earth-new-album-red-hair-comic/|accessdate=April 18, 2017|publisher=Popcrush|date=April 18, 2017}}</ref> A [[comic book]] series designed by the singer accompanied the release of the record, with the first edition published in July 2017. New music was released with each edition on a monthly basis until the album was released in full.<ref name="skin and earth"/> On May 28, Lights released a snippet of the first single on an online map of the world in her comic's Instagram account.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BUoCkzal5TI/?hl=en&taken-by=nastybackalley|title=Instagram post by Nasty Back Alley • May 28, 2017 at 6:16am UTC|website=Instagram|access-date=September 5, 2017}}</ref> {{cn|date=September 2017}} On June 8 she released a second snippet of the song, and revealed the title, "Giants", on June 15. "[[Giants (Lights song)|Giants]]" and its accompanying music video were released on June 23.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tan|first1=Emily|title=Lights Brings Comic Book Dreams to Life in 'Giants' Video|url=http://popcrush.com/lights-giants-video/|website=PopCrush|accessdate=June 26, 2017}}</ref> On July 14, Lights released a promotional single from the album, titled "Skydiving".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Lights-Dives-into-Her-Comic-Book-Pages-with-Skydiving-Video-20170714|title=Lights Dives into Her Comic Book Pages with 'Skydiving' Video|website=Broadwayworld.com|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> The album was made available for pre-orders on August 11, 2017 and was released on September 22, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Skin&Earth by Lights on Apple Music|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/skin-earth/id1265874129|publisher=[[Apple Music]]|accessdate=August 11, 2017}}</ref> Lights released the song "Savage" on August 11, 2017<ref>{{cite web|last1=Russell|first1=Erica|title=Lights Is 'Savage' on Gritty New Track Off 'Skin & Earth'|url=http://popcrush.com/lights-savage-skin-and-earth-video-release/|website=PopCrush|accessdate=August 15, 2017}}</ref> followed by "New Fears" on September 15, 2017. The album track, "Fight Club" is featured in the game ''[[Just Dance 2018]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ubisoft - Just Dance 2018|url=https://www.ubisoft.com/nn-no/game/just-dance-2018/|publisher=[[Ubisoft]]|accessdate=December 15, 2017|format=Norwegian}}</ref>

==Awards==
Lights won Indie Awards in the Favourite Solo Artist and [[Astral Media|Astral Media Radio]] Favourite Single categories during [[Canadian Music Week]] in March 2009 in Toronto.<ref name="2009 Nominees/Winners"/> She won the Best New Artist Awards in the Hot AC and CHR categories.<ref name="Canadian Radio Music Awards"/> All awards were for her debut single "[[Drive My Soul]]," except the award for Favourite Solo Artist.

She also won in the best new artist category at the [[Juno Awards of 2009|2009 Juno Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://junoawards.ca/awards/artist-summary/?artist_name=lights&submit=Search |title=Artist Summary | The JUNO Awards |publisher=Junoawards.ca |accessdate=February 1, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202221217/http://junoawards.ca/awards/artist-summary/?artist_name=lights&submit=Search |archivedate=February 2, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In 2010, she was nominated in the Indie Awards for "Video of the Year" ([[Drive My Soul]]), "Pop Artist of the Year,"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indies.ca/nominees-winners |title=Nominees / Winners – INDIES |publisher=Indies.ca |accessdate=January 31, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115121730/http://www.indies.ca/nominees-winners/ |archivedate=January 15, 2011 |df= }}</ref> and in the Juno Awards for "Pop Album of the Year" ([[The Listening (Lights album)|The Listening]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://junoawards.ca/nominees/ |title=JUNO Awards: Nominees |publisher=Junoawards.ca |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref>

In November 2010, her debut album ''The Listening'' was given a gold certification by the [[Canadian Recording Industry Association]] for sales of 40,000 units.<ref name="Audio & Video Certifications"/> The certification trophy was presented during her Toronto concert on November 18, 2010.

In February 2012, her album ''[[Siberia (Lights album)|Siberia]]'' was nominated for a [[Juno Award]] in "[[Juno Award for Pop Album of the Year|Pop Album of the Year]]" Category.<ref>[http://junoawards.ca/nominees-winners/#POP_ALBUM_OF_THE_YEAR 2012 "Pop Album of the Year 2012"] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6EZFJQeR9?url=http://junoawards.ca/nominees-winners/ |date=February 20, 2013 }} Juno Awards website</ref>

In March 2015, her album ''[[Little Machines (Lights album)|Little Machines]]'' won the Juno Award for "Pop Album of the Year".<ref>{{cite web|title=Junos 2015: Full list of award winners, from single of the year to best album|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/arts/music/junos-2015-full-list-of-award-winners-from-single-of-the-year-to-best-album|website=National Post|accessdate=February 13, 2017}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Lights was introduced to [[Beau Bokan]], the lead vocalist of [[metalcore]] band [[Blessthefall]] at a concert in Los Angeles, and the two quickly started dating. After becoming engaged in September 2011,<ref>{{cite web |last=Stevenson |first=Jane |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2011/11/11/lights-rediscovers-self-on-siberia |title=Singer Lights has a bright future |work=[[Toronto Sun]] |date=November 11, 2011 |accessdate=January 13, 2012}}</ref> they were married on May 12, 2012 and Lights added "Bokan" to her last name (now stylised as Poxleitner-Bokan).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thepartyscenepress.com/post/22954896514/beau-bokan-lights-officially-married |title=Beau Bokan & Lights Officially Married |publisher=thepartyscenepress.com |date=May 12, 2012 |accessdate=May 13, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120717215940/http://thepartyscenepress.com/post/22954896514/beau-bokan-lights-officially-married |archivedate=July 17, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Their first child, Rocket Wild, was born in February 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2014/02/lights-and-beau-bokan-welcome-new-baby.html |title=LIGHTS and Beau Bokan Welcome New Baby Girl: Rocket Wild Bokan |publisher=.alterthepress.com |date=February 16, 2014 |accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref> In 2014, the family moved to [[Mission, British Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/10/23/lights-little-machines-interview_n_6016878.html?ir=Canada+Music |title=Becoming A Mom Made Lights A Better Pop Star |work=HuffPost |date=October 23, 2014 |first=Joshua |last=Ostroff |accessdate=October 28, 2014 }}</ref>

In an interview with ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine in 2017, Lights came out as [[Bisexuality|bisexual]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://people.com/music/lights-singer-bisexual-depression-motherhood-marriage-new-album-comic/|title=Pop Star Lights Says New Album Helped Her Explore Her Sexuality, Address Battle with Depression|website=|dead-url=}}</ref>

==Discography==
{{Main|Lights discography}}
;Studio albums
* ''[[The Listening (Lights album)|The Listening]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Siberia (Lights album)|Siberia]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Little Machines]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Skin & Earth]]'' (2017)

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2011
|''[[Epic Meal Time]]''
|Herself
|Episode: "[[List of Epic Meal Time episodes#2011|Fast Food Meatloaf (And LIGHTS is here too)]]"
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Lights (musician)|Lights}}
* {{Official website|http://music.iamlights.com/}}
* {{Allmusic|id=p572554|label=Lights|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|accessdate=February 2, 2012}}

{{Lights}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lights}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian singers]]
[[Category:Canadian child singers]]
[[Category:Canadian Christians]]
[[Category:Canadian electronic musicians]]
[[Category:Canadian female singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Canadian pop singers]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Austrian descent]]
[[Category:Child pop musicians]]
[[Category:Juno Award for Breakthrough Artist of the Year winners]]
[[Category:Keytarists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Toronto]]
[[Category:Musicians from Vancouver]]
[[Category:People from Timmins]]
[[Category:Sire Records artists]]
[[Category:Women in electronic music]]
[[Category:Bisexual musicians]]

(671294) 2014 JO25

2017-05-10T05:28:32Z

69.137.78.47: /* External links */ Link to Commons.

'''2014 JO25''' is a peanut-shaped<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://q13fox.com/2017/04/20/nasa-captures-images-of-large-asteroid-flying-by-earth/|title=NASA captures images of large asteroid flying by Earth|date=2017-04-20|website=Q13 FOX News|access-date=2017-04-20}}</ref> contact-[[Binary asteroid|binary]] [[near-earth asteroid]]. It was discovered in May 2014 by A. D. Grauer of the [[Catalina Sky Survey]] as part of [[NASA]]'s [[NEO Observations Program]]. Early estimation based on observed [[absolute magnitude]] and estimated [[albedo]] indicates object 600-1400 m in diameter. Further research based on [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer|NEOWISE]] data indicates an object of 650 m in diameter and albedo 0.25.<ref>https://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2014JO25/2014JO25_planning.html</ref> Data taken during 2017 flyby shows asteroid measures at least 870 m (largest dimension).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.naic.edu/~pradar/press/2014JO25.php|title=Planetary Radar Science Group|website=www.naic.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-27}}</ref>

The 2017 flyby within a distance of 1.8 million kilometers was the closest approach to Earth by 2014 JO25 for at least the next 400 years.<ref name="earthsky">http://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/large-asteroid-2014-jo25-close-april-19-2017-how-to-see</ref>

==Earth Flyby 2017==
The asteroid made a close flyby of Earth on April 19, 2017, and at its closest approach on that date came within 1.8 million kilometers (1.1 million miles) of the planet. It reached an [[apparent magnitude]] of 10.76.

Radar observation of the asteroid were performed between April 15th and 21st, 2017 by [[Arecibo Observatory]] and [[Goldstone Solar System Radar]]. Results show contact-binary asteroid with a dimension at least 870 m (largest dimension) and rotation period approx. 4.5 h.<ref name=":0" />

Below radar images of the asteroid were taken on April 18, 2017 by the [[Goldstone Solar System Radar]] and were compiled into an animation viewable on NASA'S YouTube Channel.<ref>https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6807</ref>

<gallery>
2014 JO25 flyby 2017.png |Sky trajectory north of the [[ecliptic]], and in [[Draco (constellation)|Draco]] at closest approach
2014jo25 15frs.gif |Telescopic view 2017-4-19 22:07:35 - 22:31:07 UTC
2015 JO25 radar image.jpg|Radar images
2014JO25 anim.gif|Radar images of rotation
2014 JO25.png|2014 JO25 radar image Arecibo
2014JO25 anim2.gif|Radar images of rotation
2014 JO25 2.png|2014 JO25 radar image Arecibo/Goldstone
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|2014 JO25}}
* [https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=3670721 JPL Small-Body Database] Classification: Apollo [NEO, PHA] SPK-ID: 3670721
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSdjcDwq4Us NASA Goldstone Radar Imaging of 2014 JO25]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulPxwcxQhV4t=5 2014 J025 Earth Flyby Trajectory Animation]
* [http://astrobob.areavoices.com/2017/04/17/see-a-potentially-hazardous-asteroid-zip-by-earth-wednesday See A Potentially Hazardous Asteroid Zip By Earth Wednesday] Bob King, April 17, 2017
* [http://astrobob.areavoices.com/2017/04/19/the-face-of-earth-approacher-2014-jo25-sun-blows-off-some-steam The Face Of Earth-Approacher 2014 JO25] Bob King, April 19, 2017
{{2017 in space}}

[[Category:Near-Earth objects in 2017]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2014]]
[[Category:Potentially hazardous asteroids]]
[[Category:Contact binary (asteroid)]]

Jami Sieber

2015-09-17T23:57:09Z

69.137.78.47:

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
|name =Jami Sieber

|background = solo_singer
|birth_name =Jami Sieber


|genre =[[New-age music|New-age]], world
|instrument =[[Acoustic and electric cello]]
|occupation =Musician, composer
|years_active =1994–present<ref>Judging from her first solo album, [http://www.jamisieber.com/disc/lush.html Lush Mechanique]</ref>
|label =[[Out Front Music]]
|associated_acts =Kim Rosen
|website ={{url|jamisieber.com}}

}}
'''Jami Sieber''' is an American cellist, vocalist and composer. She has received several positive reviews for her work.<ref>"...immediate emotional impact and conveying resonant themes of an interconnectedness that goes beyond the gorgeous sounds." http://www.whiteswanmusic.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/review.product/review_id/258,259</ref><ref>"Rating: Very Good." http://www.jamisieber.com/press/unspoken_reviews.html</ref><ref>"this really is a wonderful, relaxing album." http://decafbad.net/2007/07/16/music-reviews-utopia-banished-and-jami-sieber</ref> She plays [[Cello|acoustic cello]] and [[electric cello]].

Sieber began to learn the cello at age seven. Growing up in classical music she played as part of the cello section of Greater Twin Cities Youth Symphony (GTCYS) in Minneapolis. She moved to Seattle in 1977 and then met [[Charlie Murphy (singer-songwriter)|Charlie Murphy]] in 1979. They began touring as a folk duo for five years before evolving into a full-scale [[progressive rock]] band – Rumors of the Big Wave.<ref>[http://www.jamisieber.com/press/news.html ]{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref> She later left the progressive rock band and instead became a solo artist, producing six independent albums,<ref>[http://www.jamisieber.com/disc/index.html ]{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref> four of which she has made available at [[Magnatune]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://magnatune.com/artists/sieber |title=Jami Sieber: enchanting cello compositions |publisher=Magnatune.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-02}}</ref> Several of her pieces can be heard in the video game ''[[Braid (video game)|Braid]]''. She has composed for dance (Llory Wilsom and Tallulah Dance Co, Jeff Bickford, The Equus Projects), film (Big Joy 2012, Queen of the Sun 2010), and theatre (TS Crossing).

==Discography==
* 1994 – ''[[Lush Mechanique]]''
* 1998 – ''[[Second Sight (Jami Sieber album)|Second Sight]]''
* 2004 – ''[[Hidden Sky]]''
* 2007 – ''[[Only Breath]]''
* 2008 – ''[[Unspoken: The Music of Only Breath]]''
* 2011 – ''[[Queen of the Sun: The Official Soundtrack]]''
* 2013 – ''[[Timeless (Jami Sieber album)|Timeless]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Sieber, Jami
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Musician
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sieber, Jami}}
[[Category:English female singers]]
[[Category:English rock singers]]
[[Category:English composers]]
[[Category:English cellists]]
[[Category:Living people]]