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Aerospace Forces ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation

2005-11-25T22:17:10Z

81.218.233.154:

{{Russian military}}

[[Image:Vvs-1-.gif|thumb|Insignia of the Russian Air Force]]

The following table presents images of the rank insignia used by the [[Russian Federation Air Force]]. The Russian Air Force is an independant organisation, as in the militaries of the United States and United Kingdom. The Russian Air Force follows the same rank structure as the [[Russian Ground Forces]], with the addition of the title "of aviation" to each rank.

The [[English language|English]] title for each rank is given first, followed by the [[Russian language|Russian]] title, an [[Transliteration of Russian into English|English transliteration]], then the [[United States Air Force]] equivalent. Images of each insignia are provided in the table, along with images of the U.S.A.F. equivalent.

Russian armed forces have three styles of ranks - all-forces ranks (army style ranks), deck ranks (navy style ranks) and flying ranks (air style ranks) - like as such follows rank structure [[Russian Ground Forces]] with the addition of the part " of aviation " to each rank.

All-forces ranks are used by:
:1. [[Russian Ground Forces|Ground Forces]].
:2. [[RVSN|Strategic Missile Troops]] (Independent Core).
:3. [[Militsiya]], [[Internal Troops]] - under [[MVD|Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)]].
:4. [[FSB (Russia)|Federal Security Service (FSB)]], [http://fps.fsb.ru Border Guard service of the FSB].
:5. Civil Defense Troops, Fire Rescue Service - under [[Ministry_of_Extraordinary_Situations_%28Russian_Federation%29|Ministry of Civil Defense And Emergency Situations]].
:6. [[VDV|Airborne Troops]] (Independent Core),various ground services of Air Force
:3. [[Naval Infantry]] (Marine Corps) on the shore, various shore services of the navy.

Air Force Ranks
:1. [[Russian Air Force|Air Force]].
:2. [[Russian Space Forces|Military Space Troops]] (Independent Core).

Deck (Navy) ranks are used by:
:1. [[Russian Navy|Navy]] (Except Naval Infantry, Navy Medical Service, and other shore services).
:2. Maritime units of the Border Guard Service of FSB.
:3. Naval Infantry (Marine Corps) on the deck, various shore services of the navy.

The highest rank for Air Force and for Military Space Troops is Chief Marshal of the Aviation of the Russian Federation.

[[Image:Air Force Uniform in the Russian Federation (winter).jpg|thumb|100px|Air Force Uniform in the Russian Federation (winter).]]
[[Image:Naval Uniform in the Russian Federation (summer).jpg|thumb|103px|Air Force Uniform in the Russian Federation (summer).]]

==Officer Ranks==

{| class="prettytable" cellpadding="5" align="center"
!width="20%" |Category
!width="35%" |All-forces ranks
!Insignia
!U.S Insignia Equivalent
|-
|rowspan="6" |<center>'''Supreme Officers''' '''or''' '''General Officers'''<center>
|-
|<center>[[Chief Marshal of the Air Force of the Russian Federation]]'''1''' 
('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал авиа́ции Росси́йской Федера́ции''') 
(''Glávniy Márshal Aviátsii Rossíyskoy Federátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: [[General of the Air Force|General of the Air Force of the United States]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-army 1994 Chief Marshal of the Aviation of the Russian Federation.GIF]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 12.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[General]] '''of aviation''' '''or''' [[Marshal]] '''of aviation''' 
('''генера́л а́виации''') '''or''' ('''мáршал а́виации''') 
(''Generál aviátsii'') '''or''' (''Márshal aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force Full [[General]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 19-1-.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 11.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[Colonel General|Polkovnik General / Colonel General]] '''of aviation''' 
('''генера́л-полко́вник а́виации''') 
(''Generál-polkóvnik aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Lieutenant General]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 18-1-.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 10.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[Lieutenant General]] '''of aviation''' 
('''генера́л-лейтена́нт а́виации''') 
(''Generál-leytenánt aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Major General]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 17-1-.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 09.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[Major General]] '''of aviation''' 
('''генера́л-майо́р а́виации''') 
(''Generál-mayór aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Brigadier General]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 16-1.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 08.gif]]<center>
|-
|rowspan="3" |<center>'''Senior Officers''' '''or''' '''Field Grade Officers'''<center>
|<center>[[Polkovnik|Polkovnik / Colonel]] '''of aviation''' 
('''полко́вник а́виации''') 
(''Polkóvnik aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Colonel]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 15-1-.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 07.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[Podpolkovnik|Podpolkovnik / Lieutenant Colonel]] '''of aviation''' 
('''подполко́вник а́виации''') 
(''Podpolkóvnik aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Lieutenant Colonel]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 14-1-.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 06.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[Major]] '''of aviation''' 
('''майо́р а́виации''') 
(''Mayór aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Major]] <center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 13-1-.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 05.gif]]<center>
|-
|rowspan="4" |<center>'''Junior Officers''' '''or''' '''Company Grade Officers'''<center>
|<center>[[Captain]] '''of aviation''' 
('''капита́н а́виации''') 
(''Kapitán aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Captain]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 12-1-.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 04.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>Senior [[Lieutenant]] '''of aviation''' 
('''ста́рший лейтена́нт а́виации''') 
(''Stárshiy leytenánt aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[First Lieutenant]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 11-1-.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 03.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[Lieutenant]] '''of aviation''' 
('''лейтена́нт а́виации''') 
(''Leytenánt aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Lieutenant]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 10-1-.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 02.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>Junior [[Lieutenant]] '''of aviation''' 
('''мла́дший лейтена́нт а́виации''') 
(''Mládshiy leytenánt aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Second Lieutenant]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 09-1-.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-shoulder 01.gif]]<center>
|-
|
|}

== Warrant Officer ==



{|class="prettytable" cellpadding="5" align="center"
!width="20%" |Category
!width="35%" |All-forces ranks
!Insignia
!U.S Insignia Equivalent
|-
|rowspan = "3" |<center>'''Under-Officers''' '''or''' '''Master non-commissioned officers'''<center>
|<center>Senior [[Praporshchik ]] '''of aviation''' 
('''ста́рший пра́порщик а́виации''') 
(''Stárshiy Práporshchik aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Warrant Officer|Chief Warrant Officer 3]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 Senior Praporshchik.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-army-shoulder-U.S. airforce Chief Warrant Officer 3.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[Praporshchik]] '''of aviation''' 
('''пра́порщик а́виации''') 
(''Práporshchik aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Warrant Officer|Chief Warrant Officer 2]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 Praporshchik.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-army-shoulder-U.S. airforce Chief Warrant Officer 2.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[Podpraporshchik]] '''of aviation''' 
('''подпра́порщик а́виации''') 
(''Podpráporshchik aviátsii'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Warrant Officer]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 Podpraporshchik.GIF]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-army-shoulder-U.S. Army Warrant Officer .gif]]<center>
|}

== Enlisted Ranks ==



{|class="prettytable" cellpadding="5" align="center"
!width="20%" |Category
!width="35%" |All-forces ranks
!Insignia
!U.S Insignia Equivalent
|-
|rowspan = "4" |<center>'''Sergeants''' '''and''' '''Petty Officers '''<center>
|<center>[[Starshina]] 
('''старшина́''') 
(''Starshiná'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[First Sergeant]] '''or''' Air Force [[Master Sergeant]] '''or''' Air Force [[Senior Master Sergeant]] '''or''' Air Force [[Chief Master Sergeant]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 06.GIF]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-08.gif]] [[Image:Usa-airforce-09.gif]]<center> 
<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-10.GIF]] [[Image:Usa-airforce-11.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>Senior [[Sergeant]] 
('''ста́рший сержа́нт''') 
(''Stárshiy Serdzhánt'') 
U.S equivalent:Air Force [[Technical Sergeant]] '''or''' Air Force [[Sergeant First Class]] '''or''' Air Force [[First Sergeant]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 05.GIF]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-05.gif]] [[Image:Usa-airforce-06.gif]]<center> <center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-07.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[Sergeant]] 
('''сержа́нт''') 
(''Serdzhánt'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Sergeant]] '''or''' Air Force [[Staff Sergeant]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 04.GIF]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-04.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>Junior [[Sergeant]] 
('''мла́дший сержа́нт''') 
(''Mládshiy Serdzhánt'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Senior Airman]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 03.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-03.gif]]<center>
|-
|rowspan= "2" |<center> '''Soldiers, seamen, airmen'''<center>
|<center>[[Gefreiter]] '''or''' Senior [[Aviator|Lyotchik]] 
('''ефре́йтор''') '''or''' ('''стáрший лё́тчик''') 
(''Efrèytor'') '''or''' (''Stárshiy Lyótchik'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Airman First Class]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 02.gif]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-02.gif]]<center>
|-
|<center>[[Aviator|Lyotchik]] 
('''лё́тчик''') 
(''Lyótchik'') 
U.S equivalent: Air Force [[Airman]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Russia-airforce-1994 01.GIF]]<center>
|<center>[[Image:Usa-airforce-01.gif]]<center>
|-
|
|}

==Notes==
'''1.''' Chief Marshal of the Air Force of the Russian Federation - in the present time is not an active military rank. It is the theoretical (hypothetical) senior-most military rank of the modern Russian Air Force, and can be considered the highest Russian aerial position. No officer in the history of Modern Russia has held this rank.

==See also==

*[[Comparative military ranks]]
*[[Russian military ranks]]

===External links===
* [http://wbase.duma.gov.ru/ntc/vdoc.asp?kl=4488 Federal Law No. 58-FZ from March 12, 1998] "On military duty and military service" (in Russian)
* [http://document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=27589&PSC=10&PT=3&Page=1 Presidential Decree No. 531 from May 8, 2005] "On military uniform, rank insignia of the servicemen and state bodies' rank isnignia" (in Russian)

*[http://www.uniforminsignia.net/show.php?podkategorie=Army&stat=Russia&id=1412 Military Ranks of Russia]
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/index.html Russian military]

[[Category:Military ranks by country]]
[[Category:Russian military ranks| ]]
[[Category:Russian Air Force]]
[[Category:Military insignia]]

History of Russian military ranks

2005-11-25T12:30:51Z

81.218.233.154: /* 1731-1798 */

{{Russian military}}

Modern '''Russian military ranks''' trace their roots to [[Table of Ranks]] established by [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]]. Most of the rank names were borrowed from existing [[Germany|German]]/[[Prussia]]n, [[France|French]], [[England|English]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[Poland|Polish]] ranks upon the formation of Russian [[regular army]] in late [[1600s]].

== [[Muscovy]] ==
The rulers of the [[Kievan Rus]] entities had no standing army besides permanent group of personal guards, ''[[druzhina]]'' (дру́жина); members of the unit were called ''[[druzhinnik]]'' (дру́жинник). In case of emergency, a [[militia]] was raised from [[volunteer]]s from the [[peasantry]], and the druzhina served as the core of the troops. The local [[knyaz]] served as the military leader of the troops. Thus there were no need in permanent ranks or positions and they were created randomly, based on the task(s) in hand.

Upon the formation of ''[[Streltsy|Strelets troops]]'', the low-level commanding officers were appointed to one of the following ranks:
* '''strelets''' (стреле́ц), a basic [[soldier]];
* '''desyatnik''' (деся́тник, 'of ten men'), acting as [[sergeant]]/[[corporal]];
* '''[[sotnik]]''' (со́тник, 'of hundred men'), acting as [[captain]].
These were not ''personal'' ranks and were retained only as long as the officer held the position. For battles, the troops were organized unto temporary high-level units, usually '''polk''' (полк, [[Old Slavonic]] for ''group of troops''), a [[regiment]] commanded by '''golova''' (голова́, ''head'') or '''[[voevode|voevoda]]''' (воево́да); these commanding positions were not permanent and did not sustain after the battle. The [[cossack]] [[cavalry]] units had their own ranks of '''[[cossack|kazak]]''' (коза́к), '''[[yesaul]]''' (есау́л) and '''[[hetman|ataman]]''' (атама́н); they were not comparable to the strelets ranks.

Upon the formation of standing [[regiment]]s (''prikaz'', later '''polk'''), new ranks were inserted in between of the existing grades: '''pyatidesyatnik''' (пятидеся́тник, ''of fifty men'') acting as [[lieutenant]], '''golova''' acting as [[colonel]] of the regiment (also, ''tysyatskiy'' (ты́сяцкий, 'of thousand men'). Later, a '''polugolova''' (полуголова́) rank was introduced; eventually ''golova'' was renamed '''polkovnik''' (полко́вник, ''regimental commander''), and ''polugolova'' was renamed '''podpolkovnik''' (sub-polkovnik). As usual, [[voevode|voevoda]] was simply a ''[[commander]]'' of a large military group and not a rank of any kind.

At the same time, the [[Company (military unit)|companies]] of foreign [[mercenary|mercenaries]] were formed; these incorporated foreign ranks of [[Lieutenant]] and [[Rittmeister]]. They were later changed into [[Regiments of the new type|New Regiments]] of the Streltsy Troops and more Western ranks were adopted, including [[General]]. Finally, by [[1680]] the ranks of the New Regiments were unified with Strelets Troops.

{| class="prettytable" cellpadding="5"
! style="text-align:center;" | '''Category'''
! style="text-align:center;" | '''Foreign regiments'''
! style="text-align:center;" | '''[[Streltsy]]'''
! style="text-align:center;" | '''Equivalent Western rank'''
|-
| Privates
| '''[[Soldier|Soldat]]''' (солда́т), '''[[Reiter]]''' (рейта́р), '''[[Dragoon]]''' (драгу́н)
| '''Strelets''' (стреле́ц)
| [[Private (rank)|Private]]/[[Soldier]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | Line officers, low grade
| '''Kapral''' (капра́л)
| '''Desyatnik''' (деся́тник)
| [[Corporal]]
|-
| '''Podpraporshchik''' (подпра́порщик, a rank of sub-ensign)
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| [[Sergeant]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | Line officers, middle grade
| '''[[Praporshchik]]''' (пра́порщик, ''Flag Bearer'' basing on [[Old Slavonic]] ''prapor'' (''прапор''), [[flag]])
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| [[Master Sergeant]]/[[Ensign (rank)|Ensign]]
|-
| '''Leytenant''', '''[[Poruchik]]''' (лейтена́нт, пору́чик; the latter is based on [[Polish language|Polish]] ''porucznik'')
| '''Pyatidesyatnik''' (пятидеся́тник)
| [[Lieutenant]]
|-
| '''Kapitan''', '''Rotmistr''' (капита́н, ро́тмистр; the latter is adaptation of German [[Rittmeister]]) '''Kvartermistr''' (квартерми́стр)
| '''[[Sotnik]]''' (со́тник)
| [[Captain]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | Line officers, high grade
| '''Mayor''' (майо́р)
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| [[Major]]
|-
| '''Podpolkovknik''', also '''polupolkovnik''' (подполко́вник, полуполко́вник, a sub-polkovnik)
| '''Polugolova''', also '''pyatisotenny golova''' (полуголова́, пятисо́тенный голова́)
| [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
|-
| '''[[Polkovnik]]''' (полко́вник, from [[Russian language|Russian]] ''polk'' for [[regiment]])
| '''Golova''', also '''polkovnik''' ( голова́, полко́вник)
| [[Colonel]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | Generals
| '''General-Mayor''' (генера́л-майо́р)
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| [[Major General]]
|-
| '''General-Poruchik''' (генера́л-пору́чик)
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| [[Lieutenant General]]
|}

== [[Russian Empire]] ==

During the beginning of [[1700s]], military ranks were frequently changed by the [[Peter I of Russia|tsar]] during efforts to reform the army and create a strong [[Navy]]. These many changes were routinely documented into Army's [[Rules of Engagement]] since 1716, until they were finally incorporated into the first variant of [[Table of Ranks]] in [[1722]]. Comparing to [[Strelets Troops]], a few more non-commissioned ranks were added, the soldier rank was replaced with many speciality ranks and a few more [[General]] ranks were added. The [[naval]] ranks were created from the scratch.

The officers were styled according to their rank as defined by the [[Table of Ranks|Table]].

===1731-1798===
By [[1731]], the ranks of both enlisted staff and commissioned/non-commissioned officers were somewhat settled; these ranks survived until the [[Russian Revolution]] with only minor adjustements.

''Captain-Poruchik'' rank is comparable to ''Lieutenant Captain''. Note that ''Poruchik'' can sometimes be styled as ''Poru'''t'''chik'', as it was originally written by the [[Peter I of Russia|tsar]].

commissioned officers of [[artillery]], [[engineer]]s enjoyed a handicap of 1 grade, and the [[Leib Guard]] enjoyed a handicap of 2 grades.

{| class="prettytable" cellpadding="5"
|+ Ranks of the [[Ground Forces]]
! Grade
! Category
! [[Army]], [[Infantry]]
! [[Cavalry]] (since [[1731]])
! [[Artillery]], [[Engineer]]
|-
|I
|rowspan="4" |Generals
| [[Field Marshal|General-Fieldmarshal]] ('''генерал-фельдмаршал''')
| none
| none
|-
|II
|[[General-in-Chief|General en Chief]] ('''генера́л-анше́ф''')
|[[General of the Cavalry]] ('''генера́л от кавале́рии''')
|[[General]] [[Feldzeugmeister]] ('''генера́л-фельдцейхме́йстер''')
|-
|III
|colspan="3"|[[Lieutenant General|General-Poruchik]] ('''генера́л-пору́чик''')
|-
|IV
|colspan="3"|[[Major General]] ('''генера́л-майо́р''')
|-
|V
|rowspan="4" | Staff Officers
|colspan="2" | [[Brigadier]] ('''бригади́р''') (until [[1798]])
|[[Polkovnik]] ('''полко́вник''')
|-
|VI
|colspan="2" | [[Polkovnik]] ('''полко́вник''')
|Sub-[[Polkovnik]] ('''подполко́вник''')
|-
|VII
|colspan=2|Sub-[[Polkovnik]] ('''подполко́вник''')
|[[Major]] ('''майо́р''')
|-
|rowspan="2" |VIII
|colspan="2" |Premier [[Major]] ('''премье́р-майо́р''') Second [[Major]] ('''секу́нд-майо́р''')
| style="text-align:center;" | —
|-
|rowspan="7" |Über-Officers
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | —
|[[Captain]] ('''капита́н''')
|-
|IX
|[[Captain]] ('''капита́н''')
|[[Rittmeister]] ('''ро́тмистр''')
|Captain-[[Poruchik]] ('''капита́н-пору́чик''') (until [[1731]] and since [[1765]])
|-
|X
|colspan= "2" |Captain-[[Poruchik]] ('''капита́н-пору́чик''') (until [[1731]])
|[[Poruchik]] ('''пору́чик''')
|-
|XI
|colspan="2" |[[Poruchik]] ('''пору́чик''') (since [[1765]])
|Sub-[[Poruchik]] ('''подпору́чик''') (since [[1765]])
|-
|XII
|colspan="2" |[[Poruchik]] ('''пору́чик'''); Sub-[[Poruchik]] ('''подпору́чик''') since [[1765]]
|Sub-[[Poruchik]] ('''подпору́чик''') (until [[1765]])
|-
|XIII
|colspan="2" |Sub-[[Poruchik]] ('''подпору́чик''') (until [[1765]])
|Bayonet-[[Junker (Russia)|Junker]] ('''штык-ю́нкер'''); [[Praporshchik]] ('''пра́порщик''') since [[1765]]
|-
|XIV
|[[Praporshchik]]/[[Ensign (rank)|Fähnrich]] ('''пра́порщик/фе́нрих''' ('''фендрик'''))
|[[Cornet]] ('''корне́т''')
| style="text-align:center;" | —
|-
|rowspan="6" colspan="2" |Under-Officers
|Senior [[Sergeant]] ('''ста́рший сержа́нт'''); [[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1765-1826); [[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (1826-1884); [[Praporshchik|Ordinary Praporshchik]] ('''зауряд-пра́порщик''') (since 1884)
|[[Wachtmeister]] ('''вáхмистр''') (until 1884); none (since 1884)
|[[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1765-1826); [[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (1826-1884); [[Praporshchik|Ordinary Praporshchik]] ('''зауряд-пра́порщик''') (since 1884)
|-
|Junior [[Sergeant]] ('''мл́адший сержа́нт'''); [[Sergeant]] ('''сержа́нт''') (1765-1798); Portupey [[Praporshchik]] ('''пра́порщик''')) (1798-1826); [[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1826-1884); [[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (since 1884)
|Estandart [[Junker]] (эстандáрт-ю́нкер) (1798-1826); [[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1826-1884); [[Wachtmeister]] ('''вáхмистр''') (since 1884)
|Portupey [[Junker]] (портупéй-ю́нкер) (1798-1826); [[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1826-1884); [[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (since 1884)
|-
|[[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (until 1826); [[Sergeant]] ('''сержа́нт''') (1826-1884); [[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1884-1917)
|[[Gefreit-Corporal]]('''гефре́йт-капра́л''') (1731-1765); [[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (1765-1826); [[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1884-1917)
|[[Podpraporshchik|Sub-Praporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''') (until 1826); [[Feldwebel]] ('''фельдфе́бель''') (1884-1917)
|-
|colspan="3" |[[Armorer|Kaptenarmus]] ('''каптена́рмус''')
|-
|colspan="3"|[[Farrier]] ('''фурье́р''')
|-
|colspan="3"|[[Corporal]] ('''капра́л''')
|-
|rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Privates
|colspan="3"|[[Gefreiter]] ('''гефре́йтор''')
|-
|[[Musketeer]], [[Fusilier]], [[Grenadier]], [[Pikemen|Pikenier]] etc. ('''мушкетё́р, фузилё́р, гренадё́р, пикинё́р''' и т.д.)
|[[Dragoon]], [[Hussar]], [[Cuirassier]], [[Uhlan]], [[Lancers]], [[Cossack]] etc. ('''драгу́н, гуса́р, кираси́р, улáн, ланцéр, каза́к''' и т.д.)
|[[Cannon|Cannoneer]], [[Handlageer]], [[Sapper]], [[Pioneer (military)|Pioneer]], [[Miner]], [[Pontoon|Pontooner]] etc. ('''канони́р, гандлаге́р, сапё́р, пионе́р, минё́р, понтонё́р''' и т.д.)
|}

{| class="prettytable" cellpadding="5"
|+ Ranks of the [[Naval Forces]]
!Grade
!Category
!Rank
|-
|I
| rowspan="4" |Admirals
| [[General Admiral]] ('''генера́л-адмира́л''')
|-
|II
|[[Admiral]] ('''адмира́л''')
|-
|III
|[[Vice Admiral]] ('''ви́це-адмира́л''')
|-
|IV
| [[Schout-bij-nacht]] ('''шаутбейна́хт'''); [[Counter Admiral]] since [[1724]] ('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')
|-
|V
| rowspan="4" |Staff Officers
|[[Captain]]-Commander (until [[1826]]) ('''капита́н-командо́р'''); Captain of Brigadier rank ([[1764-1798]]) ('''капита́н брагади́рского ра́нга''')
|-
|VI
|[[Captain]], 1st rank ('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''')
|-
|VII
|[[Captain]], 2nd rank ('''капита́н 2-го ра́нга)
|-
|VIII
|Captain-[[Poruchik]] (until 1784) ('''капита́н-поручи́к'''); Captain-[[Lieutenant]](since 1784)
|-
|IX
|rowspan="6" |Über-Officers
|[[Lieutenant]] ('''лейтена́нт''') or [[Poruchik]] ('''пору́чик''') (since 1884)
|-
|X
|[[Lieutenant|Under-Lieutenant]] ('''ýндер лейтена́нт''') (until 1724); [[Poruchik]] ('''пору́чик''') (until 1884); [[Midshipman]] ('''ми́чман''') (since 1884)
|-
|XI
|Ship Secretary ('''корабе́льный секрета́рь''') (until 1834); [[Podporuchik]] ('''подпору́чик''') (until 1884)
|-
|XII
|[[Midshipman]] ('''ми́чман''') (1864-1884)
|-
|XIII
|[[Midshipman]] ('''ми́чман''') (1758-1864)
|-
|XIV
|
|-
|rowspan="6" colspan="2" |Under-Officers
|[[Steersman|Stuurman]], ('''шту́рман''')
|-
|[[Skipper (boating)|Skipper]] ('''шки́пер''')
|-
|[[Unteroffizier]] ('''у́нтер-офице́р''') (since 1758); |[[Midshipman]] ('''ми́чман''') (until 1758)
|-
|[[Bootsmann]] ('''бо́цман'''); [[Shipman|Shchieman]] ([[Schooner|Schoonerman]]) ('''шхи́ман''')
|-
|Sub [[Skipper (boating)]] ('''подшхи́ман'''); Sub [[Steersman|Stuurman]], ('''подшту́рман'''); [[Maat|Bootsmannmaat]] ('''боцманма́т'''); [[Shipmanmaat|Shchiemanmaat]] ('''шхимана́т''')
|-
|[[Quartermaster]] ('''квартирмéйстер''')
|-
|rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Privates
| [[Matrose]], 1st rank ('''матро́с 1-й статьи́''')
|-
|[[Matrose]], 2nd rank ('''матро́с 2-й статьи́''')
|}

===1798-1884===

In 1798-1884 timeline, the General ranks were streamlined and a Brigadier was abolished. The Captain-Poruchik rank was reestablished again, this time as Stabbs-Captain. Courious Second Major and Premier Major ranks were united. In 1826, Russian Army adopted shoulder insignia and distinct [[Cossack]] cavalry ranks.

===1884-1917===

In 1884, a Major and Captain-Lieutenant ranks were abolished again and the ranks below were shifted several grades up. The latter was not reintroduced until 1909.

== [[RSFSR]] and [[Soviet Union]]==
{{section-stub}}
===1917-1925===
The [[October Revolution]] of [[1917]] cancelled the privileges of Russian nobility ([[Dvoryanstvo]]). The [[Table of Ranks]] was abolished and so were the personal military ranks. The army and the navy has returned to a system of ''positional ranks'' that were acronyms of the full position names. For example, ''komdiv'' was an acronym of ''[[Division (military)|Division]] Commander''; likewise ''kombat'' was ''[[Battalion]] Commander'', etc. These acronyms have survived as informal position names to the present day.

===1925-1935===
The personal ranks were not reintroduced until [[1935]], and [[General]] ranks were restored in May [[1940]]. The ranks were based on Russian Empire military ranks, although they underwent some modifications; the modified Imperial rank [[insignia]] was reintroduced in [[1943]].
===1935-1943===

===1943-1991===
In the 1970s, the non-commissioned officers serving under [[contract]] and holding '''Starshina''' ([[Master Sergeant]]) rank were reassigned to newly-created '''Praporshchik''' rank (not to be confused with similarly named [[Russian Empire]] rank of commissioned officers); ''starshina'' was reserved for conscripts only.

The table of Soviet military ranks is in the section below (as they were the same as present military ranks of the Russian Federation).

==[[Russian Federation]]==
The independent Russia inherited the ranks of the Soviet Union, although the insignia and [[uniform]] was altered a little. The following is a table ranks of the [[Armed Forces of the Russian Federation]].

Russian armed forces have three styles of ranks - all-forces ranks (army style ranks), deck ranks (navy style ranks) and flying ranks (air style ranks) - like as such follows rank structure [[Russian Ground Forces]] with the addition of the part " of aviation " to each rank.

All-forces ranks are used by:
:1. [[Russian Ground Forces|Ground Forces]].
:2. [[RVSN|Strategic Missile Troops]] (Independent Core).
:3. [[Militsiya]], [[Internal Troops]] - under [[MVD|Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)]].
:4. [[FSB (Russia)|Federal Security Service (FSB)]], [http://fps.fsb.ru Border Guard service of the FSB].
:5. Civil Defense Troops, Fire Rescue Service - under [[Ministry_of_Extraordinary_Situations_%28Russian_Federation%29|Ministry of Civil Defense And Emergency Situations]].
:6. [[VDV|Airborne Troops]] (Independent Core),various ground services of Air Force
:3. [[Naval Infantry]] (Marine Corps) on the shore, various shore services of the navy.

Air Force Ranks
:1. [[Russian Air Force|Air Force]].
:2. [[Russian Space Forces|Military Space Troops]] (Independent Core).

Deck (Navy) ranks are used by:
:1. [[Russian Navy|Navy]] (Except Naval Infantry, Navy Medical Service, and other shore services).
:2. Maritime units of the Border Guard Service of FSB.
:3. Naval Infantry (Marine Corps) on the deck, various shore services of the navy.

The highest rank for All-forces is Marshal of the Russian Federation.'''1'''

The highest rank for Air Force and for Military Space Troops is Chief Marshal of the Aviation of the Russian Federation.'''2'''

The highest rank for Navy, for Naval Infantry (on the deck) and for Maritime units of the Border Guard Service of FSB is Admiral of the Fleet of the Russian Federation.'''3'''

{|class="prettytable" cellpadding="5" align="center"
!width="20%" |Category
!width="30%" |All-forces ranks
!Air Force Ranks
!Navy Ranks

|-
|rowspan="5" |<center>'''Supreme Officers''' '''or''' '''General Officers'''<center>
|<center>[[Marshal of the Russian Federation]]'''1''' ('''Ма́ршал Росси́йской Федера́ции''')<center>
|<center>[[Chief Marshal of the Air Force of the Russian Federation]]'''2''' ('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал авиа́ции Росси́йской Федера́ции''')<center>
|<center>[[Fleet Admiral of the Russian Federation|Admiral of the Fleet of the Russian Federation]]'''3''' ('''Адмира́л Фло́та Росси́йской Федера́ции''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[General of the Army]] ('''генера́л а́рмии''')<center>
|<center>[[General]] '''of aviation''' '''or''' [[Marshal]] '''of aviation''' ('''генера́л а́виации''') '''or''' ('''мáршал а́виации''')<center>
|<center>[[Fleet Admiral (Russia)|Admiral of the Fleet]] ('''адмира́л фло́та''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[Colonel General|Polkovnik General]] ('''генера́л-полко́вник''')<center>
|<center>[[Colonel General|Polkovnik General]] '''of aviation''' ('''генера́л-полко́вник а́виации''')<center>
|<center>[[Admiral]] ('''адмира́л''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[Lieutenant General]] ('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''')<center>
|<center>[[Lieutenant General]] '''of aviation''' ('''генера́л-лейтена́нт а́виации''')<center>
|<center>[[Vice Admiral]] ('''ви́це-адмира́л''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[Major General]] ('''генера́л-майо́р''')<center>
|<center><center>[[Major General]] '''of aviation''' ('''генера́л-майо́р а́виации''')<center>
|<center>[[Counter Admiral]] ('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')<center>
|-
|rowspan="3" |<center>'''Senior Officers''' '''or''' '''Field Grade Officers'''<center>
|<center>[[Polkovnik]] ('''полко́вник''')<center>
|<center>[[Polkovnik]] '''of aviation''' ('''полко́вник а́виации''')<center>
|<center>[[Captain]], 1st rank ('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[Podpolkovnik]] ('''подполко́вник''')<center>
|<center>[[Podpolkovnik]] '''of aviation''' ('''подполко́вник а́виации''')<center>
|<center>[[Captain]], 2nd rank ('''капита́н 2-го р́анга''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[Major]] ('''майо́р''')<center>
|<center>[[Major]] '''of aviation''' ('''майо́р а́виации''')<center>
|<center>[[Captain]], 3rd rank ('''капита́н 3-го р́анга''')<center>
|-
|rowspan="4" |<center>'''Junior Officers''' '''or''' '''Company Grade Officers'''<center>
|<center>[[Captain]] ('''капита́н''')<center>
|<center>[[Captain]] '''of aviation''' ('''капита́н а́виации''')<center>
|<center>Captain-[[Lieutenant]] ('''капита́н-лейтена́нт''')<center>
|-
|<center>Senior [[Lieutenant]] ('''ста́рший лейтена́нт''')<center>
|<center>Senior [[Lieutenant]] '''of aviation''' ('''ста́рший лейтена́нт а́виации''')<center>
|<center>Senior [[Lieutenant]] ('''старший лейтенант''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[Lieutenant]] ('''лейтена́нт''')<center>
|<center>[[Lieutenant]] '''of aviation''' ('''лейтена́нт а́виации''')<center>
|<center>[[Lieutenant]] ('''лейтена́нт''')<center>
|-
|<center>Junior [[Lieutenant]] ('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>
|<center>Junior [[Lieutenant]] '''of aviation''' ('''мла́дший лейтена́нт а́виации''')<center>
|<center>Junior [[Lieutenant]] ('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>
|-
|rowspan = "3" |<center>'''Under-Officers''' '''or''' '''Master non-commissioned officers'''<center>
|<center>Senior [[Praporshchik ]] ('''ста́рший пра́порщик''')<center>
|<center>Senior [[Praporshchik ]] '''of aviation''' ('''ста́рший пра́порщик а́виации''')
|<center>Senior [[Midshipman]] ('''ста́рший ми́чман''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[Praporshchik]] ('''пра́порщик''')<center>
|<center><center>[[Praporshchik]] '''of aviation''' ('''пра́порщик а́виации''')<center>
|<center>[[Midshipman]] ('''ми́чман''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[Podpraporshchik]] ('''подпра́порщик''')<center>
|<center>[[Podpraporshchik]] '''of aviation''' ('''подпра́порщик а́виации''')<center>
|<center>[[Bootsmann]] ('''бо́цман''')<center>
|-
|rowspan = "4" |<center>'''Sergeants''' '''and''' '''Petty Officers '''<center>
|<center>[[Starshina]] ('''старшина́''')<center>
|<center>[[Starshina]] ('''старшина́''')<center>
|<center>Chief Ship [[Petty Officer|Starshina]] ('''гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́''')<center>
|-
|<center>Senior [[Sergeant]] ('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')<center>
|<center>Senior [[Sergeant]] ('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')<center>
|<center>Chief [[Petty Officer|Starshina]] ('''гла́вный старшина́''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[Sergeant]] ('''сержа́нт''')<center>
|<center>[[Sergeant]] ('''сержа́нт''')<center>
|<center>[[Petty Officer|Starshina]], 1st class ('''старшина́ 1-й статьи́''')<center>
|-
|<center>Junior [[Sergeant]] ('''мла́дший сержа́нт''')<center>
|<center>Junior [[Sergeant]] ('''мла́дший сержа́нт''')<center>
|<center>[[Petty Officer|Starshina]], 2nd class ('''старшина́ 2-й статьи́''')<center>
|-
|rowspan= "2" |<center> '''Soldiers, seamen, airmen'''<center>
|<center>[[Gefreiter]] ('''ефре́йтор''')<center>
|<center>[[Gefreiter]] '''or''' Senior [[Aviator|Lyotchik]] ('''ефре́йтор''') '''или''' ('''стáрший лё́тчик''')<center>
|<center>Senior [[Matrose]] ('''ста́рший матро́с''')<center>
|-
|<center>[[Private (rank)|Private]] ('''рядово́й''')<center>
|<center> [[Aviator|Lyotchik]] ('''лё́тчик''')<center>
|<center>[[Matrose]] ('''матро́с''') <center>
|}

==Notes==
'''1.''' Marshal of the Russian Federation - in the present time is not an active a senior-most military rank of the modern [[Military Forces]] of the [[Russian Federation]] that is considered the highest [[Russian Army]] '''('''[[Ground Forces]]''')''' position. The only officer who presently holds the rank is the former [[Minister of Defense]] [[Igor Sergeyev]], who was elevated from the [[General of the Army]] of the [[Military Space Troops]]. Since Russian military ranks system a Marshal of the Russian Federation should be considered as a honorary title equivalent to a [[Field Marshal]], [[Marshal]] or [[General of the Army]] in other countries, created in the event of a major war or as the result of extreme military accomplishment.

'''2.''' Chief Marshal of the Air Force of the Russian Federation - in the present time is not an active a theoretical (hypothetical) senior-most military rank of the modern Russian Air Force that is considered the highest Russian aerial position. For all time of existence of this rank in modern Russia it still nobody was appointed.

'''3.''' Admiral of the Fleet of the Russian Federation - in the present time is not an active a theoretical (hypothetical) senior-most military rank of the modern Russian Navy Force that is considered the highest Russian naval position. For all time of existence of this rank in modern Russia it still nobody was appointed.

==See also==

*[[Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation]]
*[[Russian military]]
*[[Russia]]

==Links==
* [http://eng.mvdrf.ru Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)]
* [http://www.fsb.ru FSB]
* [http://fps.fsb.ru Border Guard service of the FSB].
* [http://www.mchs.gov.ru/ Ministry of Civil Defense And Emergency Situations].

==External links==
* [http://wbase.duma.gov.ru/ntc/vdoc.asp?kl=4488 Federal Law No. 58-FZ from March 12, 1998] "On military duty and military service" (in Russian)
* [http://document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=27589&PSC=10&PT=3&Page=1 Presidential Decree No. 531 from May 8, 2005] "On military uniform, rank insignia of the servicemen and state bodies' rank insignia" (in Russian)

[[Category:Military of Imperial Russia]]
[[Category:Military of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Russian military ranks|*]]

[[lv:Krievijas armijas dienesta pakāpes]]
[[zh:俄羅斯軍銜]]

List of current monarchs of sovereign states

2005-11-23T15:38:12Z

81.218.233.154:

==African Monarchs==
<table>
<tr>
<td>Country</td>
<td>Monarch</td>
<td>Type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Lesotho]]</td>
<td>[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III]]</td>
<td>[[Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Morocco]]</td>
<td>[[Mohammed VI of Morocco|King Muhammad VI]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Swaziland]]</td>
<td>[[Mswati III of Swaziland|King Mswati III]]</td>
<td>[[Absolute monarchy|Absolute]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Asian Monarchs==
<table>
<tr>
<td>Country</td>
<td>Monarch</td>
<td>Type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Bahrain]]</td>
<td>[[Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa|King Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Bhutan]]</td>
<td>[[Jigme Singye Wangchuck|King Jigme Singye Wangchuck]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Brunei]]</td>
<td>[[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Cambodia]]</td>
<td>[[Norodom Sihamoni|King Norodom Sihamoni]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Japan]]</td>
<td>[[Akihito|Emperor Akihito]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Jordan]]</td>
<td>[[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah II]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Kuwait]]</td>
<td>[[Jaber Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah|Sheik Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Malaysia]]</td>
<td>[[Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin|King Syed Sirajuddin]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Nepal]]</td>
<td>[[Gyanendra of Nepal|King Gyanendra]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Oman]]</td>
<td>[[Qaboos bin Said Al Said|Sultan Qabus ibn Sa'id]]</td>
<td>Absolute</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Qatar]]</td>
<td>[[Hamad bin Khalifa|Emir Sheik Hamad ibn Khalifa al-Thani]]</td>
<td>Traditional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Saudi Arabia]]</td>
<td>[[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud]]</td>
<td>Absolute</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Thailand]]</td>
<td>[[Bhumibol Adulyadej|Bhumibol Adulyadej, King Rama IX]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[United Arab Emirates]]</td>
<td>[[Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan|Sheik Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan]]
<td>Traditional</td>
</table>

== European Monarchs ==
<table>
<tr>
<td>Country</td>
<td>Monarch</td>
<td>Type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Andorra]]</td>
<td>Co-Princes [[Jacques Chirac]] and [[Joan Enric Vives Sicília]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Belgium]]</td>
<td>[[Albert II of Belgium|King Albert II]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Denmark]]</td>
<td>[[Margaret II of Denmark|Queen Margaret II]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Greece]]</td>
<td>[[Constantine II of Greece|King Constantine II]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Liechtenstein]]</td>
<td>[[Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein|Prince Hans Adam II]]</td>
<td>Quasi-Absolute</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Luxembourg]]</td>
<td>[[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke Henri]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Monaco]]</td>
<td>[[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert II]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Netherlands]]</td>
<td>[[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Norway]]</td>
<td>[[Harald V of Norway|King Harald V]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Spain]]</td>
<td>[[King Juan Carlos I]]</td>
<td>Parliamentary</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Sweden]]</td>
<td>[[Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden|King Carl XVI Gustaf]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[United Kingdom]] & [[commonwealth realm|Commonwealth Realms]]</td>
<td>[[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Vatican City]]</td>
<td>[[Pope Benedict XVI]]</td>
<td>Absolute</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Oceanian Monarchs ==
<tr>
<td>Country</td>
<td>Monarch</td>
<td>Type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Samoa]]</td>
<td>[[Malietoa Tanumafili II|Chief Malietoa Tanumafili II]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Tonga]]</td>
<td>[[Taufa'ahau Tupou IV|King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV]]</td>
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Other Monarchies ==
<tr>
<td>Country</td>
<td>Monarch</td>
<td>Type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[KwaZulu-Natal Province | Former Zululand]]</td>
<td>[[Goodwill Zwelethini kaBhekuzulu]]
<td>Traditional: real power is with the
[[Government of South Africa]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Maori]] People</td>
<td>[[Te Atairangi Kaahu]]</td>
<td>Real Power is with the Government of [[New Zealand]]
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Wallis and Futuna]]</td>
<td>[[Tomasi Kulimoetoke II]], king of [[Uvea]] and
[[Soane Patita Maituku]], king of Tu´a (Alo) and
[[Visesio Moeliku]], king of Sigave.
<td>Traditional: real head of states is Administrator-Superior [[Xavier de Furst]] and the President of the Territorial Assembly [[Patalione Kanimoa]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Buganda]]</td>
<td>[[Muwenda Mutebi II]]
<td>Traditional: real power is with the
[[Government of Uganda]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Ankole]]</td>
<td>[[Ntare VI]]
<td>Traditional: real power is with the
[[Government of Uganda]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Busoga]]</td>
<td>[[Henry Wako Muloki]].
<td>Traditional: real power is with the
[[Government of Uganda]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Bunyoro]]</td>
<td>[[Iguru]]
<td>Traditional: real power is with the
[[Government of Uganda]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Toro]]</td>
<td>[[Rukidi IV]]
<td>Traditional: real power is with the
[[Government of Uganda]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

== The self-proproclaimed states ==
<tr>
<td>Country</td>
<td>Monarch</td>
<td>Type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Principality of Sealand|Sealand]]</td>
<td>[[Roy Bates|Prince Roy]]
<td>Constitutional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Seborga|The Principality of Seborga]]</td>
<td>[[Giorgio I, Prince of Seborga|Prince of Seborga Giorgio I]]
<td>Constitutional: real power is with the
[[Government of Italy]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

[[Category:Lists of current office-holders|Monarchs]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs| ]]

List of current heads of state and government

2005-11-23T15:29:28Z

81.218.233.154:

This is a '''list of state leaders''', showing [[Head of State|heads of state]] and [[Head of government|heads of government]] where different, mainly in [[parliamentary system]]s; it should be noted that often a leader is both in [[presidential system]]s or [[dictatorship]]s. Some states have [[semi-presidential system]]s where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.

== List of state leaders ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="#cccccc"
![[List of sovereign states|State]]
![[List of countries by system of government|Government]]
![[Head of state]]
![[Head of government]]
|-
|[[Image:Afghanistan_flag_300.png|20px]] [[Afghanistan]]
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Hamid Karzai]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Albania}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Alfred Moisiu]]
|Prime Minister [[Sali Berisha]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Algeria}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]]
|Prime Minister [[Ahmed Ouyahia]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Andorra}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|Co-Princes [[Joan Enric Vives Sicília]] (represented by [[Nemesi Marqués Oste]]) and [[Jacques Chirac]] (represented by [[Philippe Massoni]])
|Head of Government [[Albert Pintat]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Angola}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[José Eduardo dos Santos]]
|Prime Minister [[Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Sir [[James Carlisle]]
|Prime Minister [[Baldwin Spencer]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Argentina}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Néstor Kirchner]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Robert Kocharian]]
|Prime Minister [[Andranik Markaryan|Andranik Margaryan]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Australia}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General [[Michael Jeffery]]
|Prime Minister [[John Howard]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Austria}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Heinz Fischer]]
|Chancellor [[Wolfgang Schüssel]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Ilham Aliyev]]
|Prime Minister [[Artur Rasizade]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Bahamas}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Dame [[Ivy Dumont]]
|Prime Minister [[Perry Christie]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Bahrain}}
|semi-constitutional monarchy
|King [[Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah|Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa]]
|Prime Minister Sheikh [[Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah|Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Bangladesh}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Iajuddin Ahmed]]
|Prime Minister [[Khaleda Zia]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Barbados}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Sir [[Clifford Husbands]]
|Prime Minister [[Owen Arthur]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Belarus}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Aleksandr Lukashenko]]
|Prime Minister [[Sergey Sidorsky]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
||parliamentary monarchy
|King [[Albert II of Belgium|Albert II]]
|Prime Minister [[Guy Verhofstadt]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Belize}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Sir [[Colville Young]]
|Prime Minister [[Said Musa]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Benin}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Mathieu Kérékou]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Bhutan}}
|absolute monarchy
|King [[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]]
|Prime Minister Lyonpo [[Sangay Ngedup]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Bolivia}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Eduardo Rodríguez]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|federation
|'''Tripartite presidency''': [[Ivo Miro Jović]] (President of the Presidency), [[Sulejman Tihić]], [[Borislav Paravac]]
|Prime Minister [[Adnan Terzić]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Botswana}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Festus Mogae]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Brazil}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Brunei}}
|absolute monarchy
|colspan=2|Sultan and Prime Minister Sir [[Hassanal Bolkiah]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Georgi Purvanov]]
|Prime Minister [[Sergei Stanishev]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Burkina Faso}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Blaise Compaoré]]
|Prime Minister [[Paramanga Ernest Yonli]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Burundi}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Pierre Nkurunziza]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Cambodia}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|King [[Norodom Sihamoni]]
|Prime Minister Samdech [[Hun Sen]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Cameroon}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Paul Biya]]
|Prime Minister [[Ephraïm Inoni]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor General [[Michaëlle Jean]]
|Prime Minister [[Paul Martin]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Cape Verde}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Pedro Pires]]
|Prime Minister [[José Maria Neves]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Central African Republic}}
|presidential republic
|President [[François Bozizé]]
|Prime Minister [[Élie Doté]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Chad}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Idriss Déby]]
|Prime Minister [[Pascal Yoadimnadji]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Chile}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Ricardo Lagos]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|People's Republic of China}}
|Communist Party-led state
|President [[Hu Jintao]]
|Premier of the State Council [[Wen Jiabao]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Colombia}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Álvaro Uribe]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Comoros}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Azali Assoumani]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Republic of the Congo}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|Prime Minister [[Isidore Mvouba]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Joseph Kabila]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Costa Rica}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Abel Pacheco]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Côte d'Ivoire}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Laurent Gbagbo]]
|Prime Minister [[Seydou Diarra]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Croatia}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Stipe Mesić]]
|Prime Minister [[Ivo Sanader]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Cuba}}
|Communist Party-led state
|colspan=2|President of the Councils of State and of Ministers [[Fidel Castro]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Cyprus}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Tassos Papadopoulos]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Václav Klaus]]
|Prime Minister [[Jiří Paroubek]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|Queen [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]]
|Prime Minister [[Anders Fogh Rasmussen]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Djibouti}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Ismail Omar Guelleh]]
|Prime Minister [[Dileita Mohamed Dileita]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Dominica}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Nicholas Liverpool]]
|Prime Minister [[Roosevelt Skerrit]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Dominican Republic}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Leonel Fernández]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|East Timor}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Xanana Gusmão]]
|Prime Minister [[Mari Alkatiri]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Ecuador}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Alfredo Palacio]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Egypt}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Hosni Mubarak]]
|Prime Minister [[Ahmed Nazif]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|El Salvador}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Antonio Saca]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Equatorial Guinea}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]
|Prime Minister [[Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Eritrea}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Isaias Afewerki]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Estonia}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Arnold Rüütel]]
|Prime Minister [[Andrus Ansip]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Girma Wolde-Giorgis]]
|Prime Minister [[Meles Zenawi]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Fiji}}
|parliamentary republic
|President Ratu [[Josefa Iloilo]]
|Prime Minister [[Laisenia Qarase]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Finland}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Tarja Halonen]]
|Prime Minister [[Matti Vanhanen]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Jacques Chirac]]
|Prime Minister [[Dominique de Villepin]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Gabon}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Omar Bongo]]
|Prime Minister [[Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|The Gambia}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Yahya Jammeh]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Georgia (country)|Georgia}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Mikhail Saakashvili]]
|Prime Minister [[Zurab Nogaideli]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Horst Köhler]]
|Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Ghana}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[John Kufuor]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Karolos Papoulias]]
|Prime Minister [[Kostas Karamanlis]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Grenada}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Sir [[Daniel Williams]]
|Prime Minister [[Keith Mitchell]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Guatemala}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Óscar Berger]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Guinea}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Lansana Conté]]
|Prime Minister [[Cellou Dalein Diallo]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Guinea-Bissau}}
|presidential republic
|President [[João Bernardo Vieira]]
|Prime Minister [[Aristides Gomes]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Guyana}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Bharrat Jagdeo]]
|Prime Minister [[Sam Hinds]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Haiti}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Boniface Alexandre]]
|Prime Minister [[Gérard Latortue]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Honduras}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Ricardo Maduro]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Hungary}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[László Sólyom]]
|Prime Minister [[Ferenc Gyurcsány]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Iceland}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson]]
|Prime Minister [[Halldór Ásgrímsson]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|India}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]]
|Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Iran}}
|clerical republic
|colspan=2|[[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]] Ayatollah [[Ali Khamenei]]; President [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Iraq}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Jalal Talabani]]
|Prime Minister [[Ibrahim al-Jaafari]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Republic of Ireland|Ireland}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Mary McAleese]]
|''[[Taoiseach]]'' (prime minister) [[Bertie Ahern]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Israel}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Moshe Katsav]]
|Prime Minister [[Ariel Sharon]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]]
|Prime Minister [[Silvio Berlusconi]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Jamaica}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Sir [[Howard Cooke]]
|Prime Minister [[P. J. Patterson]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Japan}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|Emperor [[Emperor Akihito of Japan|Akihito]]
|Prime Minister [[Junichiro Koizumi]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
|semi-constitutional monarchy
|King [[Abdullah II]]
|Prime Minister [[Adnan Badran]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]]
|Prime Minister [[Daniyal Akhmetov]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Kenya}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Mwai Kibaki]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Kiribati}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Anote Tong]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|North Korea|Korea, North}}
|Communist Party-led state
|The late [[Kim Il Sung]] (Eternal President[[#Notes|2]]); [[Kim Jong Il]] (Chairman of the National Defence Commission; regarded as "highest administrative authority"); [[Kim Yong Nam]] (Head of State for Foreign Affairs as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly)
|Premier [[Pak Pong Ju]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|South Korea|Korea, South}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Roh Moo Hyun]]
|Prime Minister [[Lee Hai Chan]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Kuwait}}
|semi-constitutional monarchy
|Emir [[Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah|Jaber Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah]]
|Prime Minister Sheikh [[Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah|Sabah Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Kurmanbek Bakiyev]]
|Prime Minister [[Feliks Kulov]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Laos}}
|Communist Party-led state
|President [[Khamtai Siphandon]]
|Prime Minister [[Boungnang Vorachith]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Latvia}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga]]
|Prime Minister [[Aigars Kalvītis]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
|semi-presidential confessional republic
|President [[Emile Lahoud]]
|Prime Minister [[Fouad Siniora]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Lesotho}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|King [[Letsie III]]
|Prime Minister [[Pakalitha Mosisili]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Liberia}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|[[Gyude Bryant]] (Chairman of the National Transitional Government)
|-
|{{flagcountry|Libya}}
|''[[jamahiriya]]''
|[[Muammar al-Qaddafi]] ("Leader of the Revolution", ''de facto'' head of state); [[Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani]] (General Secretary of the General People's Congress; ''de jure'' head of state)
|[[Shukri Ghanem]] (General Secretary of the General People's Committee)
|-
|{{flagcountry|Liechtenstein}}
|semi-constitutional monarchy
|Sovereign Prince [[Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein|Hans-Adam II]]; Prince-Regent [[Prince Alois of Liechtenstein|Alois]]
|Head of Government [[Otmar Hasler]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Lithuania}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Valdas Adamkus]]
|Prime Minister [[Algirdas Brazauskas]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Luxembourg}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|Grand Duke [[Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg|Henri]]
|Prime Minister [[Jean-Claude Juncker]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Branko Crvenkovski]]
|Prime Minister [[Vlado Bučkovski]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Madagascar}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Marc Ravalomanana]]
|Prime Minister [[Jacques Sylla]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Malawi}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Bingu wa Mutharika]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|''[[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]'' [[Syed Sirajuddin ibni al-Marhum Syed Putra Jamalullail]] (often referred to as "King" in the West)
|Prime Minister Dato' Seri [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Maldives}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Maumoon Abdul Gayoom]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Mali}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Amadou Toumani Touré]]
|Prime Minister [[Ousmane Issoufi Maïga]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Malta}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Edward Fenech Adami]]
|Prime Minister [[Lawrence Gonzi]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Marshall Islands}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Kessai Note]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Mauritania}}
|military junta
|Col. [[Ely Ould Mohamed Vall]] (Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy)
|Prime Minister [[Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Mauritius}}
|parliamentary republic
|President Sir [[Anerood Jugnauth]]
|Prime Minister [[Navin Ramgoolam]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Mexico}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Vicente Fox]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Joseph Urusemal]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Moldova}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Vladimir Voronin]]
|Prime Minister [[Vasile Tarlev]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Monaco}}
|constitutional monarchy
|Sovereign Prince [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Albert II]]
|Minister of State [[Jean-Paul Proust]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Mongolia}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]]
|Prime Minister [[Tsakhiagiyn Elbegdorj]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Morocco}}
|semi-constitutional monarchy
|King [[Muhammad VI of Morocco|Muhammad VI]]
|Prime Minister [[Driss Jettou]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Mozambique}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Armando Guebuza]]
|Prime Minister [[Luisa Diogo]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Myanmar}} ([[Burma]])
|military junta without representative institutions
|Sr. Gen. [[Than Shwe]] (Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council)
|Prime Minister [[Soe Win]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Namibia}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Hifikepunye Pohamba]]
|Prime Minister [[Nahas Angula]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Nauru}}
|presidential-parliamentary republic
|colspan=2|President [[Ludwig Scotty]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Nepal}}
|absolute monarchy
|colspan=2|King [[Gyanendra of Nepal|Gyanendra]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|Queen [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]]
|Prime Minister [[Jan Peter Balkenende]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Dame [[Silvia Cartwright]]
|Prime Minister [[Helen Clark]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Nicaragua}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Enrique Bolaños]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Niger}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Tandja Mamadou]]
|Prime Minister [[Hama Amadou]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Nigeria}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Norway}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|King [[Harald V of Norway|Harald V]]
|Prime Minister [[Jens Stoltenberg]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Oman}}
|absolute monarchy
|colspan=2|Sultan and Prime Minister [[Qaboos of Oman|Qaboos ibn Sa’id Al ‘Bu Sa’id]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Pervez Musharraf]]
|Prime Minister [[Shaukat Aziz]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Palau}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Tommy Remengesau]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Palestine}} (disputed area)
|
|[[President_of_the_Palestinian_Authority|President or Chairman]] [[Mahmoud Abbas]]
|Prime Minister [[Ahmed Qureia]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Panama}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Martín Torrijos]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Papua New Guinea}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Sir [[Paulias Matane]]
|Prime Minister Sir [[Michael Somare]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Paraguay}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Nicanor Duarte]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Peru}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Alejandro Toledo]]
|Prime Minister [[Pedro Pablo Kuczynski]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Philippines}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]]
|Prime Minister [[Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Portugal}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Jorge Sampaio]]
|Prime Minister [[José Sócrates]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Qatar}}
|absolute monarchy
|Emir [[Hamad ibn Khalifah Al Thani|Hamad ibn Khalifa Al Thani]]
|Prime Minister Sheikh [[Abdallah ibn Khalifah Al Thani|Abdullah ibn Khalifa Al Thani]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Romania}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Traian Băsescu]]
|Prime Minister [[Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Vladimir Putin]]
|Prime Minister [[Mikhail Fradkov]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Rwanda}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Paul Kagame]]
|Prime Minister [[Bernard Makuza]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Sir [[Cuthbert Sebastian]]
|Prime Minister [[Denzil Douglas]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Saint Lucia}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Dame [[Pearlette Louisy]]
|Prime Minister [[Kenny Anthony]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Sir [[Frederick Ballantyne]]
|Prime Minister [[Ralph Gonsalves]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Samoa}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|''O le Ao o le Malo'' Malietoa [[Malietoa Tanumafili II|Tanumafili II]]
|Prime Minister [[Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|San Marino}}
|parliamentary republic
|Captains-Regent [[Antonello Bacciocchi]] and [[Claudio Muccioli]]
|[[Fabio Berardi]] (Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs)
|-
|{{flagcountry|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Fradique de Menezes]]
|Prime Minister [[Maria do Carmo Silveira]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
|absolute monarchy
|colspan=2|King and Prime Minister [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Abdullah]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Senegal}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Abdoulaye Wade]]
|Prime Minister [[Macky Sall]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Serbia and Montenegro}}
|state union
|colspan=2|President [[Svetozar Marović]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Seychelles}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[James Michel]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Sierra Leone}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Ahmad Tejan Kabbah]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Singapore}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[S.R. Nathan]]
|Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Slovakia}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Ivan Gašparovič]]
|Prime Minister [[Mikuláš Dzurinda]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Janez Drnovšek]]
|Prime Minister [[Janez Janša]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Solomon Islands}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General Sir [[Nathaniel Waena]]
|Prime Minister Sir [[Allan Kemakeza]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Somalia}}
|''de facto'' semi-presidential state
|President [[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed]]
|Prime Minister [[Ali Muhammad Ghedi]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|South Africa}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Thabo Mbeki]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
||parliamentary monarchy
|King [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos I]]
|President of the Government [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Mahinda Rajapakse]]
|Prime Minister [[Ratnasiri Wickremanayake]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Sudan}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir|Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Suriname}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Ronald Venetiaan]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Swaziland}}
|absolute monarchy
|King [[Mswati III]]
|Prime Minister [[Themba Dlamini]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|King [[Carl_XVI_Gustaf_of_Sweden|Carl XVI Gustaf]]
|Prime Minister [[Göran Persson]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
|parliamentary and collegial republic
|colspan=2|'''Swiss Federal Council''': [[Moritz Leuenberger]], [[Pascal Couchepin]], [[Joseph Deiss]], [[Samuel Schmid]] (President)[[#Notes|3]], [[Micheline Calmy-Rey]], [[Christoph Blocher]], [[Hans-Rudolf Merz]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Syria}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Bashar al-Assad]]
|Prime Minister [[Mohammed Naji al-Otari|Muhammad Naji al-Otari]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Republic of China|Taiwan (ROC)}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Chen Shui-bian]]
|President of the Executive Yuan [[Frank Hsieh]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Emomali Rahmonov]]
|Prime Minister [[Okil Okilov]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Tanzania}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Benjamin Mkapa]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Thailand}}
|parliamentary monarchy
|King [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]
|Prime Minister [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Togo}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Faure Gnassingbé]]
|Prime Minister [[Edem Kodjo]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Tonga}}
|absolute monarchy
|King [[Taufa'ahau Tupou IV]]
|Prime Minister Prince [['Ulukalala Lavaka Ata]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[George Maxwell Richards]]
|Prime Minister [[Patrick Manning]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]]
|Prime Minister [[Mohamed Ghannouchi]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Ahmet Necdet Sezer]]
|Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdogan|Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Saparmurat Niyazov]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Tuvalu}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], represented by Governor-General [[Filoimea Telito]]
|Prime Minister [[Maatia Toafa]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Uganda}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Yoweri Museveni]]
|Prime Minister [[Apolo Nsibambi]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|semi-presidential republic
|President [[Viktor Yushchenko]]
|Prime Minister [[Yurii Yekhanurov]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
|absolute monarchy
|President Sheikh [[Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan|Khalifa ibn Zayed Al Nahayan]] (the [[Emir]] of [[Abu Dhabi]])
|Prime Minister Sheikh [[Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum|Maktum ibn Rashid Al Maktum]] (the [[Emir]] of [[Dubai]])
|-
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|parliamentary monarchy[[#Notes|1]]
|Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]
|Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[George W. Bush]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Uruguay}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Tabaré Vázquez]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Islam Karimov]]
|Prime Minister [[Shavkat Mirziyayev]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Vanuatu}}
|parliamentary republic
|President [[Kalkot Mataskelekele]]
|Prime Minister [[Ham Lini]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Vatican City}}
|sacerdotal state
|Pope [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]
|Secretary of State [[Angelo Cardinal Sodano]]; Governor [[Edmund Cardinal Szoka]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Hugo Chávez]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Vietnam}}
|Communist Party-led state
|President [[Tran Duc Luong]]
|Prime Minister [[Phan Van Khai]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Western Sahara}}
|
|President [[Mohamed Abdelaziz]]
|Prime Minister [[Abdelkader Taleb Oumar]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Yemen}}
|presidential republic
|President [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]]
|Prime Minister [[Abdul Qadir Bajamal|Abdul Qader Bajamal]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Zambia}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Levy Mwanawasa]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Zimbabwe}}
|presidential republic
|colspan=2|President [[Robert Mugabe]]
|}

==Notes==
#In [[Commonwealth Realm]]s (with the exception of the [[United Kingdom]]), the head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, is represented by a [[Governor-General]].
#The Preface to the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea states, "The DPRK and the entire Korean people will uphold the great leader Comrade Kim Il Sung as the eternal President of the Republic, defend and carry forward his ideas and exploits and complete the [[Juche]] revolution under the leadership of the [[Workers' Party of Korea]]." Kim Il Sung died in 1994.
#The President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a ''[[primus inter pares]]'' capacity.

== External Links ==
*[http://www.rulers.org/ Rulers.org] List of rulers throughout time and places

==See also==
*[[State leaders by year]]
*[[List of current foreign ministers]]
*[[Lists of office-holders]]
*[[List of political parties]]
*[[List of election results]]
*[[List of sovereign states]]
*[[List of leaders : Malaysia states]]
*[[List of Asian politicians in non-Asian states]]

[[Category:Lists of current office-holders|State leaders]]

[[fr:Liste des dirigeants actuels]]
[[ja:世界各国の指導者一覧]]
[[sl:Seznam voditeljev držav]]