Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Warszawianka (1831)

2011-06-25T14:54:05Z

83.2.143.218:

{{Unreferenced|date=March 2007}}
[[File:Na bagnety.jpg|190px|thumb|left|]]
'''Warszawianka 1831 roku''', '''La Varsovienne''' (The Song of Warsaw 1831) written by [[Casimir Delavigne|Casimir François Delavigne]], music by [[Karol Kurpiński]].

The song was written in support of the [[November Uprising]] of 1830-1831. The French poet [[Casimir Delavigne]] was fascinated and inspired by the news of the uprising making its way to Paris and wrote the words, which were translated into Polish by the historian, journalist, and poet [[Karol Sienkiewicz]] (great uncle of [[Henryk Sienkiewicz]]).

The song is sometimes confused with a later (1905) Polish revolutionary song of the same name ([[Warszawianka 1905 roku]]), which had its music used for the 1936 Spanish [[Anarchist]] song "[[To the Barricades]]".

 
<div style="float:left;margin:0 0 .5em 1em;" class="toccolours">
<center>'''Warszawianka 1831 roku'''</center>
{| cellpadding=10 style="background:transparent"
|-
!French version
!Polish version
!English translation of the Polish version
|-
| Il s'est levé, voici le jour sanglant ;
| Oto dziś dzień krwi i chwały,
| Today is a day of blood and glory,
|-
| Qu'il soit pour nous le jour de délivrance !
| Oby dniem wskrzeszenia był!
| Let it be a day of resurrection!
|-
| Dans son essor, voyez notre aigle blanc
| W tęczę Franków Orzeł Biały
| Gazing at [[Flag of France|France’s rainbow]],
|-
| Les yeux fixés sur l'arc-en-ciel de France
| Patrząc, lot swój w niebo wzbił.
| The White Eagle launches into flight.
|-
| Au soleil de juillet, dont l'éclat fut si beau,
| Słońcem lipca podniecany
| Inspired by the [[July Revolution|sun]] of July,
|-
| Il a repris son vol, il fend les airs, il crie :
| Woła do nas z górnych stron:
| He calls to us from above:
|-
| "Pour ma noble patrie,
| "Powstań, Polsko, skrusz kajdany,
| "Arise, oh Poland, break your chains,
|-
| Liberté, ton soleil ou la nuit du tombeau !"
| Dzis twój tryumf albo zgon!"
| Today is a day of your victory or death!"
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| C'est le cri par nous adopté ;
| Żyj, swobodo, Polsko, żyj!
| Live, freedom, oh Poland, live!
|-
| Qu'en roulant le tambour répète :
| Takim hasłem cnej podniety
| Let this worthy battle cry
|-
| A la baïonnette !
| Trąbo nasza wrogom grzmij!
| Sound forth to our foes!
|-
| Vive la liberté!
| Trąbo nasza wrogom grzmij!
| Sound forth to our foes!
|-
| 
|-
| Guerre ! A cheval, cosaques des déserts !
| Na koń, woła Kozak mściwy,
| «To horse! - a vindictive Cossack calls,-
|-
| Sabrons, dit-il, la Pologne rebelle :
| Karać bunty polskich rot,
| Punish the Polish mutinied companies,
|-
| Point de balkans, ses champs nous sont ouvert ;
| Bez Bałkanów są ich niwy,
| Their fields have no Balkans,
|-
| C'est le galop qu'il faut passer sur elle.
| Wszystko jeden zgniecie lot.
| In a trice we shall crush poles a sort».
|-
| Halte ! n'avancez pas ! Ses balkans sont nos corps ;
| Stój! Za Bałkan pierś ta stanie,
| Stand! This breast will stand for the Balkans:
|-
| La terre où nous marchons ne porte que des braves,
| Car wasz marzy płonny łup,
| [[Nicholas I of Russia|Your tsar]] vainly dreams of loot,
|-
| rejette les esclaves
| Z wrogów naszych nie zostanie,
| From our enemies nothing remains
|-
| Et de ses ennemis ne garde que les morts
| Na tej ziemi, chyba trup.
| On this ground, except for corpses.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette!
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Pour toi, Pologne, ils combattront, tes fils,
| Droga Polska, dzieci Twoje,
| Dear Poland! Today your children
|-
| Plus fortunés qu'au temps où la victoire
| Dziś szczęśliwszych doszły chwil,
| Have reached happier moments,
|-
| Mêlait leurs cendres aux sables de Memphis
| Od tych sławnych, gdy ich boje,
| Than those when their famous battles
|-
| Où le Kremlin s'écroula sous leur gloire:
| Wieńczył Kremlin, Tybr i Nil.
| Were crowned by the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]], [[Tiber]] and [[Nile]].
|-
| Des [[Alps|Alpes]] au Thabor, de l'[[Ebro|Ebre]] au [[Black Sea|Pont-Euxin]],
| Lat dwadzieścia nasze męże,
| For twenty years our heroes
|-
| Ils sont tombés , vingt ans, sur la rive étrangère.
| Los po obcych ziemiach siał,
| have been scattered by fate over foreign lands,
|-
| Cette fois, ô ma mère!
| Dziś, o Matko, kto polęże,
| Now, oh Mother, he who is killed,
|-
| Ceux qui mourront pour toi, dormiront sur ton sein.
| Na Twem łonie będzie spał.
| Shall sleep on your bosom.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Viens Kosciusko, que ton bras frappe au coeur
| Wstań Kościuszko! Ugodź serca,
| Rise, [[Tadeusz Kościuszko|Kościuszko]], strike in hearts,
|-
| Cet ennemi qui parle de clémence;
| Co z litością mamić śmią,
| Which dare to deceive with [[Amnesty|mercy]].
|-
| En avait-il quand son sabre vainqueur
| Znałże litość ów morderca,
| Did [[Alexander Suvorov|that murderer]] know about mercy,
|-
| Noyait Praga dans un massacre immense ?
| Który Pragę zalał krwią?
| Which [[Battle of Praga|bathed Praga in blood]]?
|-
| Tout son sang va payer le sang qu'il prodigua,
| Niechaj krew tę krwią dziś spłaci,
| Let he now repay for that blood in blood,
|-
| cette terre en a soif, qu'elle en soit arrosée;
| Niech nią zrosi grunt, zły gość,
| Let he, a malicious visitor, sprinkle it over the ground.
|-
| Faisons, sous sa rosée,
| Laur męczeński naszej braci
| Martyr laurels of our brethren
|-
| Reverdir le laurier des martyrs de Praga.
| Bujniej będzie po niej rość.
| Will grow more magnificent on it.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Allons, guerriers, un généreux effort!
| Tocz Polaku bój zacięty,
| Fight, oh Pole, a pitched battle,
|-
| Nous les vaincrons; nos femmes les défient.
| Ulec musi dumny car,
| The proud tsar must lose,
|-
| O mon pays, montre au géant du nord
| Pokaż jemu pierścień święty,
| Show him a sacred ring,
|-
| Le saint anneau qu'elles te sacrifient.
| Nieulękłych Polek dar,
| A gift of fearless Polish women;
|-
| Que par notre victoire il soit ensanglanté;
| Niech to godło ślubów drogich,
| Let this sign of dear vows
|-
| Marche, et fais triompher au millieu des batailles
| Wrogom naszym wróży grób,
| Prophesy grave to our enemies,
|-
| L’anneau des fiançailles,
| Niech krwią zlane w bojach srogich,
| Let it, bathed in blood in severe fights,
|-
| Qui t'unit pour toujours avec la liberté.
| Nasz z wolnością świadczy ślub.
| Witness our union with freedom.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| A nous, Français! Les balles d’Iéna
| O Francuzi! Czyż bez ceny
| Oh Frenchmen! Are our wounds
|-
| Sur ma poitrine ont inscrit mes services;
| Rany nasze dla was są?
| Of no value for you?
|-
| A Marengo, le fer la sillonna;
| Spod Marengo, Wagram, Jeny,
| At [[Battle of Marengo|Marengo]], [[Battle of Wagram|Wagram]], [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt|Jena]]},
|-
| De [[Battle of Champaubert|Champ-Aubert]] comptez les cicatrices.
| Drezna, Lipska, Waterloo
| [[Battle of Dresden|Dresden]], [[Battle of Leipzig|Leipzig]], and [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]]
|-
| Vaincre et mourir ensemble autrefois fut si doux!
| Świat was zdradzał, my dotrwali,
| The world betrayed you, but we stood firm.
|-
| Nous étions sous Paris... Pour de vieux frères d’armes
| Śmierć czy tryumf, my gdzie wy!
| In death or victory, we stand by you!
|-
| N’aurez-vous que des larmes?
| Bracia, my wam krew dawali.
| Oh brothers, we gave blood for you.
|-
| Frères, s’était du sang que nous versions pour vous!
| Dziś wy dla nas nic – prócz łzy.
| Today you give us nothing but tears.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| O vous, du moins, dont le sang glorieux
| Wy przynajmniej coście legli,
| You, at least, who have fallen
|-
| S’est, dans l’exil, répandu comme l’onde,
| W obcych krajach za kraj swój,
| In foreign lands for your land,
|-
| Pour nous bénir, mânes victorieux,
| Bracia nasi z grobów zbiegli,
| Our brothers, risen from tombs,
|-
| Relevez-vous de tous les points du monde!
| Błogosławcie bratni bój.
| Bless your brothers' fight!
|-
| Qu’il soit vainqueur, ce peuple; ou martyr comme vous,
| Lub zwyciężym - lub gotowi,
| Either we win – or we are ready
|-
| Sous le bras du géant, qu'en mourant il retarde,
| Z trupów naszych tamę wznieść,
| To build a barrier of our corpses,
|-
| Qu’il tombe à l'avant-garde,
| By krok spóźnić olbrzymowi,
| To slow down the giant,
|-
| Pour couvrir de son corps la liberté de tous.
| Co chce światu pęta nieść.
| Who wishes to bring chains to the world.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Sonnez, clairons! Polonais, à ton rang!
| Grzmijcie bębny, ryczcie działa,
| Rattle, drums, roar, guns,
|-
| Suis sous le feu ton aigle qui s’élance.
| Dalej! dzieci w gęsty szyk,
| On! Children, form a deep line;
|-
| La liberté bat la charge en courant,
| Wiedzie hufce wolność, chwała,
| Freedom and Glory lead the regiments
|-
| Et la victoire est au bout de ta lance.
| Tryumf błyska w ostrzu pik.
| Triumph shines on spearheads.
|-
| Victoire à l’étendard que l’exil ombragea
| Leć nasz orle, w górnym pędzie,
| Fly, our eagle, in high flight,
|-
| Des lauriers d’Austerlitz, des palmes d’Idumée!
| Sławie, Polsce, światu służ!
| Serve the glory, Poland, and the world!
|-
| Pologne bien-amée,
| Kto przeżyje wolnym będzie,
| He who survives will be free,
|-
| Qui vivra sera libre, et qui meurt l’est déjà!
| Kto umiera, wolny już!
| He who dies is already free!
|-
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| C'est le cri par nous adopté ;
| Żyj, swobodo, Polsko, żyj!
| Live, freedom, oh Poland, live!
|-
| Qu'en roulant le tambour répète :
| Takim hasłem cnej podniety
| Let this worthy battle cry:
|-
| A la baïonnette !
| Trąbo nasza wrogom grzmij!
| Sound forth to our foes!
|}
</div>
 

==External links==
* http://a-pesni.golosa.info/polsk/warsz1831.htm
* http://www.prato.linux.it/~lmasetti/antiwarsongs/canzone.php?lang=en&id=4323

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2010}}

[[Category:National symbols of Poland]]
[[Category:November Uprising]]
[[Category:Polish patriotic songs]]
[[Category:1831 in music]]

[[es:Warszawianka 1831]]
[[fr:La Varsovienne de 1831]]
[[it:Warszawianka 1831 roku]]
[[pl:Warszawianka 1831 roku]]
[[ru:Варшавянка 1831 года]]

Warszawianka (1831)

2011-06-25T14:52:55Z

83.2.143.218:

{{Unreferenced|date=March 2007}}
[[File:Na bagnety.jpg|190px|thumb|left|]]
'''Warszawianka 1831 roku''', '''La Varsovienne''' (The Song of Warsaw 1831) written by [[Casimir Delavigne|Casimir François Delavigne]], music by [[Karol Kurpiński]].

The song was written in support of the [[November Uprising]] of 1830-1831. The French poet [[Casimir Delavigne]] was fascinated and inspired by the news of the uprising making its way to Paris and wrote the words, which were translated into Polish by the historian, journalist, and poet [[Karol Sienkiewicz]] (great uncle of [[Henryk Sienkiewicz]]).

The song is sometimes confused with a later (1905) Polish revolutionary song of the same name ([[Warszawianka 1905 roku]]), which had its music used for the 1936 Spanish [[Anarchist]] song "[[To the Barricades]]".

 
<div style="float:left;margin:0 0 .5em 1em;" class="toccolours">
<center>'''Warszawianka 1831 roku'''</center>
{| cellpadding=10 style="background:transparent"
|-
!French version
!Polish version
!English translation of the Polish version
|-
| Il s'est levé, voici le jour sanglant ;
| Oto dziś dzień krwi i chwały,
| Today is a day of blood and glory,
|-
| Qu'il soit pour nous le jour de délivrance !
| Oby dniem wskrzeszenia był!
| Let it be a day of resurrection!
|-
| Dans son essor, voyez notre aigle blanc
| W tęczę Franków Orzeł Biały
| Gazing at [[Flag of France|France’s rainbow]],
|-
| Les yeux fixés sur l'arc-en-ciel de France
| Patrząc, lot swój w niebo wzbił.
| The White Eagle launches into flight.
|-
| Au soleil de juillet, dont l'éclat fut si beau,
| Słońcem lipca podniecany
| Inspired by the [[July Revolution|sun]] of July,
|-
| Il a repris son vol, il fend les airs, il crie :
| Woła do nas z górnych stron:
| He calls to us from above:
|-
| "Pour ma noble patrie,
| "Powstań, Polsko, skrusz kajdany,
| "Arise, oh Poland, break your chains,
|-
| Liberté, ton soleil ou la nuit du tombeau !"
| Dzis twój tryumf albo zgon!"
| Today is a day of your victory or death!"
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| C'est le cri par nous adopté ;
| Żyj, swobodo, Polsko, żyj!
| Live, freedom, oh Poland, live!
|-
| Qu'en roulant le tambour répète :
| Takim hasłem cnej podniety
| Let this worthy battle cry
|-
| A la baïonnette !
| Trąbo nasza wrogom grzmij!
| Sound forth to our foes!
|-
| Vive la liberté!
| Trąbo nasza wrogom grzmij!
| Sound forth to our foes!
|-
| 
|-
| Guerre ! A cheval, cosaques des déserts !
| Na koń, woła Kozak mściwy,
| «To horse! - a vindictive Cossack calls,-
|-
| Sabrons, dit-il, la Pologne rebelle :
| Karać bunty polskich rot,
| Punish the Polish mutinied companies,
|-
| Point de balkans, ses champs nous sont ouvert ;
| Bez Bałkanów są ich niwy,
| Their fields have no Balkans,
|-
| C'est le galop qu'il faut passer sur elle.
| Wszystko jeden zgniecie lot.
| In a trice we shall crush poles a sort».
|-
| Halte ! n'avancez pas ! Ses balkans sont nos corps ;
| Stój! Za Bałkan pierś ta stanie,
| Stand! This breast will stand for the Balkans:
|-
| La terre où nous marchons ne porte que des braves,
| Car wasz marzy płonny łup,
| [[Nicholas I of Russia|Your tsar]] vainly dreams of loot,
|-
| rejette les esclaves
| Z wrogów naszych nie zostanie,
| From our enemies nothing remains
|-
| Et de ses ennemis ne garde que les morts
| Na tej ziemi, chyba trup.
| On this ground, except for corpses.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette!
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Pour toi, Pologne, ils combattront, tes fils,
| Droga Polska, dzieci Twoje,
| Dear Poland! Today your children
|-
| Plus fortunés qu'au temps où la victoire
| Dziś szczęśliwszych doszły chwil,
| Have reached happier moments,
|-
| Mêlait leurs cendres aux sables de Memphis
| Od tych sławnych, gdy ich boje,
| Than those when their famous battles
|-
| Où le Kremlin s'écroula sous leur gloire:
| Wieńczył Kremlin, Tybr i Nil.
| Were crowned by the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]], [[Tiber]] and [[Nile]].
|-
| Des [[Alps|Alpes]] au Thabor, de l'[[Ebro|Ebre]] au [[Black Sea|Pont-Euxin]],
| Lat dwadzieścia nasze męże,
| For twenty years our heroes
|-
| Ils sont tombés , vingt ans, sur la rive étrangère.
| Los po obcych ziemiach siał,
| have been scattered by fate over foreign lands,
|-
| Cette fois, ô ma mère!
| Dziś, o Matko, kto polęże,
| Now, oh Mother, he who will be killed,
|-
| Ceux qui mourront pour toi, dormiront sur ton sein.
| Na Twem łonie będzie spał.
| Shall sleep on your bosom.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Viens Kosciusko, que ton bras frappe au coeur
| Wstań Kościuszko! Ugodź serca,
| Rise, [[Tadeusz Kościuszko|Kościuszko]], strike in hearts,
|-
| Cet ennemi qui parle de clémence;
| Co z litością mamić śmią,
| Which dare to deceive with [[Amnesty|mercy]].
|-
| En avait-il quand son sabre vainqueur
| Znałże litość ów morderca,
| Did [[Alexander Suvorov|that murderer]] know about mercy,
|-
| Noyait Praga dans un massacre immense ?
| Który Pragę zalał krwią?
| Which [[Battle of Praga|bathed Praga in blood]]?
|-
| Tout son sang va payer le sang qu'il prodigua,
| Niechaj krew tę krwią dziś spłaci,
| Let he now repay for that blood in blood,
|-
| cette terre en a soif, qu'elle en soit arrosée;
| Niech nią zrosi grunt, zły gość,
| Let he, a malicious visitor, sprinkle it over the ground.
|-
| Faisons, sous sa rosée,
| Laur męczeński naszej braci
| Martyr laurels of our brethren
|-
| Reverdir le laurier des martyrs de Praga.
| Bujniej będzie po niej rość.
| Will grow more magnificent on her.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Allons, guerriers, un généreux effort!
| Tocz Polaku bój zacięty,
| Fight, oh Pole, a pitched battle,
|-
| Nous les vaincrons; nos femmes les défient.
| Ulec musi dumny car,
| The proud tsar must lose,
|-
| O mon pays, montre au géant du nord
| Pokaż jemu pierścień święty,
| Show him a sacred ring,
|-
| Le saint anneau qu'elles te sacrifient.
| Nieulękłych Polek dar,
| A gift of fearless Polish women;
|-
| Que par notre victoire il soit ensanglanté;
| Niech to godło ślubów drogich,
| Let this sign of dear vows
|-
| Marche, et fais triompher au millieu des batailles
| Wrogom naszym wróży grób,
| Prophesy grave to our enemies,
|-
| L’anneau des fiançailles,
| Niech krwią zlane w bojach srogich,
| Let it, bathed in blood in severe fights,
|-
| Qui t'unit pour toujours avec la liberté.
| Nasz z wolnością świadczy ślub.
| Witness our union with freedom.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| A nous, Français! Les balles d’Iéna
| O Francuzi! Czyż bez ceny
| Oh Frenchmen! Are our wounds
|-
| Sur ma poitrine ont inscrit mes services;
| Rany nasze dla was są?
| Of no value for you?
|-
| A Marengo, le fer la sillonna;
| Spod Marengo, Wagram, Jeny,
| At [[Battle of Marengo|Marengo]], [[Battle of Wagram|Wagram]], [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt|Jena]]},
|-
| De [[Battle of Champaubert|Champ-Aubert]] comptez les cicatrices.
| Drezna, Lipska, Waterloo
| [[Battle of Dresden|Dresden]], [[Battle of Leipzig|Leipzig]], and [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]]
|-
| Vaincre et mourir ensemble autrefois fut si doux!
| Świat was zdradzał, my dotrwali,
| The world betrayed you, but we stood firm.
|-
| Nous étions sous Paris... Pour de vieux frères d’armes
| Śmierć czy tryumf, my gdzie wy!
| In death or victory, we stand by you!
|-
| N’aurez-vous que des larmes?
| Bracia, my wam krew dawali.
| Oh brothers, we gave blood for you.
|-
| Frères, s’était du sang que nous versions pour vous!
| Dziś wy dla nas nic – prócz łzy.
| Today you give us nothing but tears.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| O vous, du moins, dont le sang glorieux
| Wy przynajmniej coście legli,
| You, at least, who have fallen
|-
| S’est, dans l’exil, répandu comme l’onde,
| W obcych krajach za kraj swój,
| In foreign lands for your land,
|-
| Pour nous bénir, mânes victorieux,
| Bracia nasi z grobów zbiegli,
| Our brothers, risen from tombs,
|-
| Relevez-vous de tous les points du monde!
| Błogosławcie bratni bój.
| Bless your brothers' fight!
|-
| Qu’il soit vainqueur, ce peuple; ou martyr comme vous,
| Lub zwyciężym - lub gotowi,
| Either we win – or we are ready
|-
| Sous le bras du géant, qu'en mourant il retarde,
| Z trupów naszych tamę wznieść,
| To build a barrier of our corpses,
|-
| Qu’il tombe à l'avant-garde,
| By krok spóźnić olbrzymowi,
| To slow down the giant,
|-
| Pour couvrir de son corps la liberté de tous.
| Co chce światu pęta nieść.
| Who wishes to bring chains to the world.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Sonnez, clairons! Polonais, à ton rang!
| Grzmijcie bębny, ryczcie działa,
| Rattle, drums, roar, guns,
|-
| Suis sous le feu ton aigle qui s’élance.
| Dalej! dzieci w gęsty szyk,
| On! Children, form a deep line;
|-
| La liberté bat la charge en courant,
| Wiedzie hufce wolność, chwała,
| Freedom and Glory lead the regiments
|-
| Et la victoire est au bout de ta lance.
| Tryumf błyska w ostrzu pik.
| Triumph shines on spearheads.
|-
| Victoire à l’étendard que l’exil ombragea
| Leć nasz orle, w górnym pędzie,
| Fly, our eagle, in high flight,
|-
| Des lauriers d’Austerlitz, des palmes d’Idumée!
| Sławie, Polsce, światu służ!
| Serve the glory, Poland, and the world!
|-
| Pologne bien-amée,
| Kto przeżyje wolnym będzie,
| He who survives will be free,
|-
| Qui vivra sera libre, et qui meurt l’est déjà!
| Kto umiera, wolny już!
| He who dies is already free!
|-
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| C'est le cri par nous adopté ;
| Żyj, swobodo, Polsko, żyj!
| Live, freedom, oh Poland, live!
|-
| Qu'en roulant le tambour répète :
| Takim hasłem cnej podniety
| Let this worthy battle cry:
|-
| A la baïonnette !
| Trąbo nasza wrogom grzmij!
| Sound forth to our foes!
|}
</div>
 

==External links==
* http://a-pesni.golosa.info/polsk/warsz1831.htm
* http://www.prato.linux.it/~lmasetti/antiwarsongs/canzone.php?lang=en&id=4323

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2010}}

[[Category:National symbols of Poland]]
[[Category:November Uprising]]
[[Category:Polish patriotic songs]]
[[Category:1831 in music]]

[[es:Warszawianka 1831]]
[[fr:La Varsovienne de 1831]]
[[it:Warszawianka 1831 roku]]
[[pl:Warszawianka 1831 roku]]
[[ru:Варшавянка 1831 года]]

Warszawianka (1831)

2011-06-25T14:52:17Z

83.2.143.218: Improving the English version from automatically translated to more correct.

{{Unreferenced|date=March 2007}}
[[File:Na bagnety.jpg|190px|thumb|left|]]
'''Warszawianka 1831 roku''', '''La Varsovienne''' (The Song of Warsaw 1831) written by [[Casimir Delavigne|Casimir François Delavigne]], music by [[Karol Kurpiński]].

The song was written in support of the [[November Uprising]] of 1830-1831. The French poet [[Casimir Delavigne]] was fascinated and inspired by the news of the uprising making its way to Paris and wrote the words, which were translated into Polish by the historian, journalist, and poet [[Karol Sienkiewicz]] (great uncle of [[Henryk Sienkiewicz]]).

The song is sometimes confused with a later (1905) Polish revolutionary song of the same name ([[Warszawianka 1905 roku]]), which had its music used for the 1936 Spanish [[Anarchist]] song "[[To the Barricades]]".

 
<div style="float:left;margin:0 0 .5em 1em;" class="toccolours">
<center>'''Warszawianka 1831 roku'''</center>
{| cellpadding=10 style="background:transparent"
|-
!French version
!Polish version
!English translation of the Polish version
|-
| Il s'est levé, voici le jour sanglant ;
| Oto dziś dzień krwi i chwały,
| Today is a day of blood and glory,
|-
| Qu'il soit pour nous le jour de délivrance !
| Oby dniem wskrzeszenia był!
| Let it be a day of resurrection!
|-
| Dans son essor, voyez notre aigle blanc
| W tęczę Franków Orzeł Biały
| Gazing at [[Flag of France|France’s rainbow]],
|-
| Les yeux fixés sur l'arc-en-ciel de France
| Patrząc, lot swój w niebo wzbił.
| The White Eagle launches into flight.
|-
| Au soleil de juillet, dont l'éclat fut si beau,
| Słońcem lipca podniecany
| Inspired by the [[July Revolution|sun]] of July,
|-
| Il a repris son vol, il fend les airs, il crie :
| Woła do nas z górnych stron:
| He calls to us from above:
|-
| "Pour ma noble patrie,
| "Powstań, Polsko, skrusz kajdany,
| "Arise, oh Poland, break your chains,
|-
| Liberté, ton soleil ou la nuit du tombeau !"
| Dzis twój tryumf albo zgon!"
| Today is a day of your victory or death!"
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| C'est le cri par nous adopté ;
| Żyj, swobodo, Polsko, żyj!
| Live, freedom, oh Poland, live!
|-
| Qu'en roulant le tambour répète :
| Takim hasłem cnej podniety
| Let this worthy battle cry
|-
| A la baïonnette !
| Trąbo nasza wrogom grzmij!
| Sound forth to our foes!
|-
| Vive la liberté!
| Trąbo nasza wrogom grzmij!
| Sound forth to our foes!
|-
| 
|-
| Guerre ! A cheval, cosaques des déserts !
| Na koń, woła Kozak mściwy,
| «To horse! - a vindictive Cossack calls,-
|-
| Sabrons, dit-il, la Pologne rebelle :
| Karać bunty polskich rot,
| Punish the Polish mutinied companies,
|-
| Point de balkans, ses champs nous sont ouvert ;
| Bez Bałkanów są ich niwy,
| Their fields have no Balkans,
|-
| C'est le galop qu'il faut passer sur elle.
| Wszystko jeden zgniecie lot.
| In a trice we shall crush poles a sort».
|-
| Halte ! n'avancez pas ! Ses balkans sont nos corps ;
| Stój! Za Bałkan pierś ta stanie,
| Stand! This breast will stand for the Balkans:
|-
| La terre où nous marchons ne porte que des braves,
| Car wasz marzy płonny łup,
| [[Nicholas I of Russia|Your tsar]] vainly dreams of loot,
|-
| rejette les esclaves
| Z wrogów naszych nie zostanie,
| From our enemies nothing remains
|-
| Et de ses ennemis ne garde que les morts
| Na tej ziemi, chyba trup.
| On this ground, except for corpses.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette!
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Pour toi, Pologne, ils combattront, tes fils,
| Droga Polska, dzieci Twoje,
| Dear Poland! Today your children
|-
| Plus fortunés qu'au temps où la victoire
| Dziś szczęśliwszych doszły chwil,
| Have reached happier moments,
|-
| Mêlait leurs cendres aux sables de Memphis
| Od tych sławnych, gdy ich boje,
| Than those when their famous battles
|-
| Où le Kremlin s'écroula sous leur gloire:
| Wieńczył Kremlin, Tybr i Nil.
| Were crowned by the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]], [[Tiber]] and [[Nile]].
|-
| Des [[Alps|Alpes]] au Thabor, de l'[[Ebro|Ebre]] au [[Black Sea|Pont-Euxin]],
| Lat dwadzieścia nasze męże,
| For twenty years our heroes
|-
| Ils sont tombés , vingt ans, sur la rive étrangère.
| Los po obcych ziemiach siał,
| have been scattered by fate over foreign lands,
|-
| Cette fois, ô ma mère!
| Dziś, o Matko, kto polęże,
| Now, oh Mother, he who will be killed,
|-
| Ceux qui mourront pour toi, dormiront sur ton sein.
| Na Twem łonie będzie spał.
| Shall sleep on your bosom.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Viens Kosciusko, que ton bras frappe au coeur
| Wstań Kościuszko! Ugodź serca,
| Rise, [[Tadeusz Kościuszko|Kościuszko]], strike in hearts,
|-
| Cet ennemi qui parle de clémence;
| Co z litością mamić śmią,
| Which dare to deceive with [[Amnesty|mercy]].
|-
| En avait-il quand son sabre vainqueur
| Znałże litość ów morderca,
| Did [[Alexander Suvorov|that murderer]] know about mercy,
|-
| Noyait Praga dans un massacre immense ?
| Który Pragę zalał krwią?
| Which [[Battle of Praga|soaked Praga in blood]]?
|-
| Tout son sang va payer le sang qu'il prodigua,
| Niechaj krew tę krwią dziś spłaci,
| Let he now repay for that blood in blood,
|-
| cette terre en a soif, qu'elle en soit arrosée;
| Niech nią zrosi grunt, zły gość,
| Let he, a malicious visitor, sprinkle it over the ground.
|-
| Faisons, sous sa rosée,
| Laur męczeński naszej braci
| Martyr laurels of our brethren
|-
| Reverdir le laurier des martyrs de Praga.
| Bujniej będzie po niej rość.
| Will grow more magnificent on her.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Allons, guerriers, un généreux effort!
| Tocz Polaku bój zacięty,
| Fight, oh Pole, a pitched battle,
|-
| Nous les vaincrons; nos femmes les défient.
| Ulec musi dumny car,
| The proud tsar must lose,
|-
| O mon pays, montre au géant du nord
| Pokaż jemu pierścień święty,
| Show him a sacred ring,
|-
| Le saint anneau qu'elles te sacrifient.
| Nieulękłych Polek dar,
| A gift of fearless Polish women;
|-
| Que par notre victoire il soit ensanglanté;
| Niech to godło ślubów drogich,
| Let this sign of dear vows
|-
| Marche, et fais triompher au millieu des batailles
| Wrogom naszym wróży grób,
| Prophesy grave to our enemies,
|-
| L’anneau des fiançailles,
| Niech krwią zlane w bojach srogich,
| Let it, bathed in blood in severe fights,
|-
| Qui t'unit pour toujours avec la liberté.
| Nasz z wolnością świadczy ślub.
| Witness our union with freedom.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| A nous, Français! Les balles d’Iéna
| O Francuzi! Czyż bez ceny
| Oh Frenchmen! Are our wounds
|-
| Sur ma poitrine ont inscrit mes services;
| Rany nasze dla was są?
| Of no value for you?
|-
| A Marengo, le fer la sillonna;
| Spod Marengo, Wagram, Jeny,
| At [[Battle of Marengo|Marengo]], [[Battle of Wagram|Wagram]], [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt|Jena]]},
|-
| De [[Battle of Champaubert|Champ-Aubert]] comptez les cicatrices.
| Drezna, Lipska, Waterloo
| [[Battle of Dresden|Dresden]], [[Battle of Leipzig|Leipzig]], and [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]]
|-
| Vaincre et mourir ensemble autrefois fut si doux!
| Świat was zdradzał, my dotrwali,
| The world betrayed you, but we stood firm.
|-
| Nous étions sous Paris... Pour de vieux frères d’armes
| Śmierć czy tryumf, my gdzie wy!
| In death or victory, we stand by you!
|-
| N’aurez-vous que des larmes?
| Bracia, my wam krew dawali.
| Oh brothers, we gave blood for you.
|-
| Frères, s’était du sang que nous versions pour vous!
| Dziś wy dla nas nic – prócz łzy.
| Today you give us nothing but tears.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| O vous, du moins, dont le sang glorieux
| Wy przynajmniej coście legli,
| You, at least, who have fallen
|-
| S’est, dans l’exil, répandu comme l’onde,
| W obcych krajach za kraj swój,
| In foreign lands for your land,
|-
| Pour nous bénir, mânes victorieux,
| Bracia nasi z grobów zbiegli,
| Our brothers, risen from tombs,
|-
| Relevez-vous de tous les points du monde!
| Błogosławcie bratni bój.
| Bless your brothers' fight!
|-
| Qu’il soit vainqueur, ce peuple; ou martyr comme vous,
| Lub zwyciężym - lub gotowi,
| Either we win – or we are ready
|-
| Sous le bras du géant, qu'en mourant il retarde,
| Z trupów naszych tamę wznieść,
| To build a barrier of our corpses,
|-
| Qu’il tombe à l'avant-garde,
| By krok spóźnić olbrzymowi,
| To slow down the giant,
|-
| Pour couvrir de son corps la liberté de tous.
| Co chce światu pęta nieść.
| Who wishes to bring chains to the world.
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| 
|-
| Sonnez, clairons! Polonais, à ton rang!
| Grzmijcie bębny, ryczcie działa,
| Rattle, drums, roar, guns,
|-
| Suis sous le feu ton aigle qui s’élance.
| Dalej! dzieci w gęsty szyk,
| On! Children, form a deep line;
|-
| La liberté bat la charge en courant,
| Wiedzie hufce wolność, chwała,
| Freedom and Glory lead the regiments
|-
| Et la victoire est au bout de ta lance.
| Tryumf błyska w ostrzu pik.
| Triumph shines on spearheads.
|-
| Victoire à l’étendard que l’exil ombragea
| Leć nasz orle, w górnym pędzie,
| Fly, our eagle, in high flight,
|-
| Des lauriers d’Austerlitz, des palmes d’Idumée!
| Sławie, Polsce, światu służ!
| Serve the glory, Poland, and the world!
|-
| Pologne bien-amée,
| Kto przeżyje wolnym będzie,
| He who survives will be free,
|-
| Qui vivra sera libre, et qui meurt l’est déjà!
| Kto umiera, wolny już!
| He who dies is already free!
|-
|-
| 
|-
| Polonais, à la baïonnette !
| Hej, kto Polak, na bagnety!
| Hey, whoever is a Pole, to your bayonettes!
|-
| C'est le cri par nous adopté ;
| Żyj, swobodo, Polsko, żyj!
| Live, freedom, oh Poland, live!
|-
| Qu'en roulant le tambour répète :
| Takim hasłem cnej podniety
| Let this worthy battle cry:
|-
| A la baïonnette !
| Trąbo nasza wrogom grzmij!
| Sound forth to our foes!
|}
</div>
 

==External links==
* http://a-pesni.golosa.info/polsk/warsz1831.htm
* http://www.prato.linux.it/~lmasetti/antiwarsongs/canzone.php?lang=en&id=4323

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2010}}

[[Category:National symbols of Poland]]
[[Category:November Uprising]]
[[Category:Polish patriotic songs]]
[[Category:1831 in music]]

[[es:Warszawianka 1831]]
[[fr:La Varsovienne de 1831]]
[[it:Warszawianka 1831 roku]]
[[pl:Warszawianka 1831 roku]]
[[ru:Варшавянка 1831 года]]

Pontic Greek

2011-01-15T18:12:04Z

83.2.143.218: /* Official status */ "Conference of all associations" (which appears to be a mistranslation) was changed into "All-Union [i.e. nationwide in Soviet parlance] Conference"

{{Infobox Language
|name=Pontic Greek
|nativename=Ποντιακά/Pontiaká
|familycolor=Indo-European
|states=[[Greece]], [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkey]], [[Germany]], [[Netherlands]]
|region=Southeastern [[Europe]]
|speakers=324,535
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[Hellenic languages|Hellenic]]
|script = [[Greek alphabet]], [[Latin alphabet]]
|nation =
|iso2=ine
|iso3=pnt}}
{{History of the Greek language}}
'''Pontic Greek''' is a form of the [[Greek language]] originally spoken in the [[Pontus]] area on the southern shores of the [[Black Sea]], and today mainly in [[Greece]]. Its speakers are referred to as [[Pontic Greeks]] or Pontian Greeks.

Pontic's linguistic lineage stems from [[Ionic Greek]] via [[Koine Greek|Koine]] and [[Byzantine Greek]] and contains influences from [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and to a lesser extent, [[Persian language|Persian]] and various [[Caucasian languages]].

==Dialects==
Greek linguist [[Manolis Triantafyllides]] has divided Pontic into two groups:

*Western group (''Oinountiac/Niotika'') around [[Ünye|Oenoe/Ünye]].
*Eastern group
**Coastal sub-group (''Trapezountiac'') around [[Trabzon|Trebizond/Trapezus]],
**Inland sub-group (''Chaldiot'') in [[Chaldia]] (around [[Gümüşhane|Argyroupolis/Gümüşhane]] — Kanin in Pontic), in its vicinity ([[Kelkit]], [[Bayburt|Baibourt/Bayburt]], etc.), and around [[Ordu|Kotyora/Ordu]].

Speakers of Chaldiot were the most numerous. In phonology, some varieties of Pontic are reported to demonstrate [[vowel harmony]], a well-known feature of Turkish (Mirambel 1965).

==Geographic distribution==
[[File:Distribution of Greek dialects in late Byzantine Empire en.png|thumb|300px|Distribution of Greek dialects of the Byzantine Empire between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries. {{col-start}}
{{col-2}}
{{Legend |#FFFF00| [[Koiné]]}}
{{Legend |#FF8C00| Pontic Greek}}
{{col-2}}
{{Legend |#228B22| [[Cappadocian Greek language|Cappadocian Greek]]}}
{{col-end}}]]
Though Pontic was originally spoken on the southern shores of the Black Sea, substantial numbers migrated into the northern and eastern shores (into the Russian Empire of the 18th and 19th century); Pontic is still spoken by large numbers of people in Ukraine, Russia (around [[Stavropol]]'), and Georgia, and the language enjoyed some use as a literary medium in the 1930s, including a school grammar (Topkhara 1998 [1932]). After the [[Greek genocide|massacres of the 1910s]], the majority of speakers remaining in Asia Minor were subject to the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] [[Exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey|population exchange]], and were resettled in Greece (mainly northern Greece). A second wave of migration occurred in the early 1990s, this time from the [[former Soviet Union]].<ref name="isbn0-7391-0565-5">{{cite book |author=Selm, Joanne van |title=The Refugee Convention at fifty: a view from forced migration studies |publisher=Lexington Books |location=Lexington, Mass |year=2003 |pages= |isbn=0-7391-0565-5 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|page=72}}[http://books.google.gr/books?id=CLqlP77RUpUC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q&f=false]</ref>

The inhabitants of the [[Of (District), Trabzon|Of valley]], who had converted to Islam in the 17th century, [[Greek Muslims|remained in Turkey]]. They speak Pontic (or ''Rumca'' as they call it, from ''Romeika'', a [[colloquial]] term for the [[Modern Greek]] language) to this day;<ref>Mackridge 1987.</ref> a 1996 book (entitled ''[[Pontos Kültürü]]'') by [[Ömer Asan]] contains further details about the current Pontic-speaking community of Turkey. An isolated community near [[Trabzon]] has been found to speak a variety of Greek that has parallels, both structurally as in its vocabulary, to [[Ancient Greek]] not present in other varieties. <ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/history/jason-and-the-argot-land-where-greeks-ancient-language-survives-2174669.html ''Jason and the argot: land where Greek's ancient language survives''], The Independent, Monday, 3 January 2011</ref> As few as 5,000 people speak the dialect but linguists believe that it is the closest, living language to ancient Greek.

In Greece, Pontic is now used mainly emblematically rather than as a medium of communication{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}.

* [[Greece]]: 200,000 speakers (2001)
:mostly in [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]] ([[East Macedonia and Thrace|East]], [[Central Macedonia|Central]] and [[West Macedonia|West]])
* [[Turkey]]: ~4000 speakers
** [[Tonya]]: (17 villages)
** [[Sürmene]]: (6 villages)
** [[Dernekpazarı]]: (13 villages)
** [[Çaykara]]: Multiple villages
** [[Maçka]]: No information
** [[Torul-ardasa]], [[Yağlıdere-kromni]], [[Dumanlı|Santa]], [[Imera]]: (no village)
** Rize [[İkizdere]]: (21 villages)
Pontic is most closely related to [[Cappadocian Greek language|Cappadocian Greek]], and the Greek spoken in [[Mariupol]]is (and formerly in [[Crimea]], [[Ukraine]]) (see [[Mariupol#Language Structure|Mariupolitan Greek]]).

== Official status ==

Pontic has no official status. During the late 1910s, it was destined to become the official language of the proposed [[Republic of Pontus]]. Historically, it was the ''de facto'' language of the Greek minority in the [[USSR]], despite the fact that in the ''Πανσυνδεσμιακή Σύσκεψη'' (All-Union Conference) of 1926, organized by the Greek-Russian [[intelligentsia]], it was decided that [[Dimotiki|demotic]] should be the official language of the community.<ref>[http://www.romeyika.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78:glosa&catid=10:triton&lang=rm&Itemid= Αrticle by Vlassis Agtzidis]</ref>

== Culture ==

The language has a rich oral tradition and folklore and Pontic songs are particularly popular in Greece. There is also some limited production of modern literature in Pontic, including [[poetry collections]] (among the most renowned writers is [[Kostas Diamantidis]]), novels, and translated [[Asterix]] [[comic album]]s.

== Pontic alphabets ==

Pontic in Greece is written in historical Greek orthography, with diacritics: σ̌ ζ̌ ξ̌ ψ̌ for {{IPA|/ʃ ʒ kʃ pʃ/}}, α̈ ο̈ for {{IPA|[æ ø]}} (phonological {{IPA|/ia io/}}). Pontic in Turkey is written in Latin script following Turkish conventions, and Pontic in Russia is written in Cyrillic. In early Soviet times, Pontic was written in the Greek script phonetically, as shown below, using digraphs instead of diacritics; {{IPA|[æ ø]}} were written out as ια, ιο. The [http://pnt.wikipedia.org/ Pontic Wikipedia] uses Greek script: it has adopted εα, εο for these vowels, to avoid clashes with Modern Greek ια, ιο, and uses digraphs from the Soviet system instead of diacritics, but otherwise follows historical orthography.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Greek alphabet !! Turkish alphabet !! Russian alphabet !! IPA !! Example
|-
| Α α || A a || А а || {{IPA|[a]}} || ρομεικ'''α''', romeyik'''a''', ромейик'''а'''
|-
| Β β || V v || В в || {{IPA|[v]}} || κατι'''β'''ενο, kati'''v'''eno, кати'''в'''ено
|-
| Γ γ || Ğ ğ || Г г || {{IPA|[ɣ]}} {{IPA|[ʝ]}} || '''γ'''ανεβο, '''ğ'''anevo, '''г'''анево
|-
| Δ δ || DH dh || Д д || {{IPA|[ð]}} || '''δ'''οντι, '''dh'''onti, '''д'''онти
|-
| Ε ε || E e || Е е || {{IPA|[e]}} || '''ε'''γαπεςα, '''e'''ğapesa, '''е'''гапеса
|-
| Ζ ζ || Z z || З з || {{IPA|[z]}} || '''ζ'''αντος, '''z'''antos, '''з'''антос
|-
| ΖΖ ζζ || J j || Ж ж || {{IPA|[ʒ]}} || πυρ'''ζζ'''υας, bur'''j'''uvas, бур'''ж'''уас
|-
| Θ θ || TH th || С с, Ф ф, Т т || {{IPA|[θ]}} || '''θ'''εκο, '''th'''eko, '''т'''еко
|-
| Ι ι || İ i || И и || {{IPA|[i]}} || τοςπ'''ι'''τοπον, tosp'''i'''topon, тосп'''и'''топон
|-
| Κ κ || K k || К к || {{IPA|[k]}} || '''κ'''αλατζεμαν, '''k'''alaceman, '''к'''алачеман
|-
| Λ λ || L l || Л л || {{IPA|[l]}} || '''λ'''αλια, '''l'''alia, '''л'''алиа
|-
| Μ μ || M m || М м || {{IPA|[m]}} || '''μ'''ανα, '''m'''ana, '''м'''ана
|-
| Ν ν || N n || Н н || {{IPA|[n]}} || ολιγο'''ν''', oliğо'''n''', олиго'''н'''
|-
| Ο ο || O o || О о || {{IPA|[o]}} || τεμετερ'''ο'''ν, temeter'''o'''n, теметер'''о'''н
|-
| Π π || P p || П п || {{IPA|[p]}} || εγα'''π'''εςα, eğa'''p'''esa, ега'''п'''еса
|-
| Ρ ρ || R r || Р р || {{IPA|[ɾ]}} || '''ρ'''ομεικα, '''r'''omeyika, '''р'''омейка
|-
| Σ ς || S s || С с || {{IPA|[s]}} || καλατζεπ'''ς'''ον, kalacep'''s'''on, калачеп'''с'''он
|-
| ΣΣ ςς || Ş ş || Ш ш || {{IPA|[ʃ]}} || '''ςς'''ερι, '''ş'''eri, '''ш'''ери
|-
| Τ τ || T t || Т т || {{IPA|[t]}} || νος'''τ'''ιμεςα, nos'''t'''imesa, нос'''т'''имеса
|-
| ΤΖ τζ || C c || Ч ч || {{IPA|[dʒ]}} || καλα'''τζ'''εμαν, kala'''c'''eman, кала'''ч'''еман
|-
| ΤΣ τς || Ç ç || Ц ц || {{IPA|[tʃ]}} || μανι'''τς'''α, mani'''ç'''a, мани'''ц'''а
|-
| Υ υ || U u || У у || {{IPA|[u]}} || ν'''υ'''ς, n'''u'''s, н'''у'''с
|-
| Φ φ || F f || Ф ф || {{IPA|[f]}} || εμορ'''φ'''α, emor'''f'''a, эмор'''ф'''а
|-
| Χ χ || H, KH (sert H) || Х х || {{IPA|[x]}} || '''χ'''αςον, '''h'''ason, '''х'''асон
|}

== Archaisms ==
{{Cleanup|section|date=September 2009}}
*Preservation of the ancient pronunciation of 'η' as 'ε' (κέπιν = κήπιον, κλέφτες = κλέπτης, συνέλικος = συνήλικος, νύφε = νύ(μ)φη, έγκα = ἤνεγκον, έτον = ἦτον, έκουσα = ἤκουσα etc).
*Preservation of the ancient pronunciation 'ω' as 'o' where Koine Greek received it as 'ου' (ζωμίν = ζουμί, καρβώνι, ρωθώνι etc).
*Preservation of the ancient [[nominative]] suffix of neuter diminutive nouns in 'ιον' (παιδίον, χωρίον).
*Preservation of the [[Ionic Greek|Ionic]] consonant pair 'σπ' instead of Koine 'σφ' (σποντύλιν, σπἰγγω, σπιντόνα).
*Preservation of the termination of feminine compound adjectives in -ος (ή άλαλος, ή άνοστος, ή έμορφος).
*The declination of male nouns from singular, nominative termination '-on' to [[genitive]] '-ος' (ο νέον -> τη νέονος, ο πάππον -> τη πάππονος, ο λύκον -> τη λύκονος, ο Τούρκον -> τη Τούρκονος etc).
*The [[aorist]] ordering form in -ον (ανάμνον, μείνον, κόψον, πίσον, ράψον, σβήσον).
*The [[middle voice]] verb termination in -ούμαι (ανακατούμαι, σκοτούμαι, στεφανούμαι).
*The [[passive voice]] aorist termination in -θα (anc. -θην): εγαπέθα, εκοιμέθα, εστάθα etc.
*The [[Imperative mood|imperative]] form of passive aorist in -θετε (anc -θητι): εγαπέθετε, εκοιμέθετε, εστάθετε.
*The sporadic use of [[infinitive]]s (εποθανείναι, μαθείναι, κόψ'ναι, ράψ'ναι, χαρίσ'ναι, αγαπέθειν, κοιμεθείν).
*The ancient accenting of nouns in [[vocative]] form: άδελφε, Νίκολα, Μάρια.
*The sporadic use of 'ας' in the place of 'να': δός με ας φάγω.

=== Comparison with Ancient Greek ===

*Example 1: Pontic ''en'' (is), Ancient Greek ''esti'', Koine idiomatic form ''enesti'', Biblical form ''eni'', Modern Greek ''ine''
*Example 2: Pontic ''temeteron'' (ours), Ancient Greek ''to(n) hemeteron'', Modern Greek ''to(n) * mas''
*Example 3: Pontic ''pedhin'' (child), Ancient Greek ''paidion'', Standard Greek ''pedhi''
*Example 4 (combining 2 and 3): Pontic ''temeteron to pedin'' (our child), Ancient Greek/Koine ''to hemeteron paidion'', Modern Greek ''to pedi mas''
----

*'''1.''' Attachment of the /e/ sound to the ancient infinitive suffix –ειν (in Trapezountiac Pontic)

{|
|-
| '''PONTIC''' || '''ANCIENT'''
|-
| ipíne || εἰπεῖν
|-
| pathíne || παθεῖν
|-
| apothaníne || ἀποθανεῖν
|-
| piíne || πιεῖν
|-
| iδíne || εἰδεῖν
|-
| fiíne || φυγεῖν
|-
| evríne || εὑρεῖν
|-
| kamíne || καμεῖν
|-
| faíne || φαγεῖν
|-
| mathíne || μαθεῖν
|-
| erthéane || ἐλθεῖν
|-
| meníne
| μένειν
|}

*'''2.''' Similar infinitive suffix -ηναι

{|
|-
| '''PONTIC''' || '''ANCIENT'''
|-
| anevίne || ἀναβῆναι
|-
| katevine || καταβῆναι
|-
| embine || ἐμβῆναι
|-
| evjine || ἐκβῆναι
|-
| epiδeavine || ἀποδιαβῆναι
|-
| kimethine || κοιμηθῆναι
|-
| xtipethine || κτυπηθῆναι
|-
| evrethine || εὑρεθῆναι
|-
| vrasine || βραχῆναι
|-
| raine || ῥαγῆναι
|}

*'''3.''' Ancient [[Ancient_Greek_grammar#Aorist_tense|first aorist]] infinitive suffix -αι has been replaced by [[Ancient_Greek_grammar#Aorist_tense|second aorist]] suffix -ῆναι

{|
|-
| '''PONTIC''' || '''ANCIENT'''
|-
| κράξειν || κράξαι
|-
| μεθύσειν || μεθύσαι
|}

*'''4.''' Attachment of the /e/ sound to the ancient aorist infinitive suffix –σειν

ράψεινε, κράξεινε, μεθύσεινε, καλέσεινε, λαλήσεινε, κτυπήσεινε, καθίσεινε

*'''5.''' Same aorist suffix –ka (–ka was also the regular perfect suffix)

{|
|-
| '''PONTIC''' || '''ANCIENT'''
|-
| eδoka || ἔδωκα
|-
| enδoka || ἐνέδωκα
|-
| epika || ἐποίηκα
|-
| efika || ἀφῆκα
|-
| ethika || ἔθηκα
|}

*'''6.''' Ancient Greek –ein (-εῖν) infinitive > Pontic Greek –eane (-έανε) infinitive

{|
|-
| '''PONTIC''' || '''ANCIENT'''
|-
| erthéane || ἐλθεῖν
|}

== See also ==

* [[Mariupol#Language Structure|Mariupolitan Greek]]

== Notes ==
<references/>

==Bibliography==

* Georges Drettas, ''Aspects pontiques'', ARP, 1997, ISBN 2-9510349-0-3. "... marks the beginning of a new era in Greek dialectology. Not only is it the first comprehensive grammar of Pontic not written in Greek, but it is also the first self-contained grammar of any Greek “dialect” written, in the words of Bloomfield, “in terms of its own structure”." (Janse)
* [[Özhan Öztürk]], Karadeniz: Ansiklopedik Sözlük. 2 Cilt. Heyamola Yayıncılık. İstanbul, 2005. ISBN 975-6121-00-9
* Mackridge, P. 1987. Greek-Speaking Moslems of North-East Turkey: Prolegomena to Study of the Ophitic Sub-Dialect of Pontic. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 11: 115–137.
* Τομπαΐδης, Δ.Ε. 1988. Η Ποντιακή Διάλεκτος. Αθήνα: Αρχείον Πόντου. (Tompaidis, D.E. 1988. The Pontic Dialect. Athens: Archeion Pontou.)
* Τομπαΐδης, Δ.Ε. ϗ Συμεωνίδης, Χ.Π. 2002. Συμπλήρωμα στο Ιστορικόν Λεξικόν της Ποντικής Διαλέκτου του Α.Α. Παπαδόπουλου. Αθήνα: Αρχείον Πόντου. (Tompaidis, D.E. and Simeonidis, C.P. 2002. Additions to the Historical Lexicon of the Pontic Dialect of A.A. Papadopoulos. Athens: Archeion Pontou.)
* Παπαδόπουλος, Α.Α. 1955. Ιστορική Γραμματική της Ποντικής Διαλέκτου. Αθήνα: Επιτροπή Ποντιακών Μελετών. (Papadopoulos, A.A. 1955. Historical Grammar of the Pontic Dialect. Athens: Committee for Pontian Studies.)
* Παπαδόπουλος, Α.Α. 1958–61. Ιστορικόν Λεξικόν της Ποντικής Διαλέκτου. 2 τόμ. Αθήνα: Μυρτίδης. (Papadopoulos, A.A. 1958–61. Historical Lexicon of the Pontic Dialect. 2 volumes. Athens: Mirtidis.)
* Οικονομίδης, Δ.Η. 1958. Γραμματική της Ελληνικής Διαλέκτου του Πόντου. Αθήνα: Ακαδημία Αθηνών. (Oikonomidis, D.I. 1958. Grammar of the Greek Dialect of Pontos. Athens: Athens Academy.)
* Τοπχαράς, Κονσταντίνος. 1998 [1932]. Η Γραμματική της Ποντιακής: Ι Γραματικι τι Ρομεικυ τι Ποντεικυ τι Γλοςας. Θεσσαλονίκη: Αφοί Κυριακίδη. (Topcharas, K. 1998 [1932]. The Grammar of Pontic. Thessaloniki: Afoi Kiriakidi.)

== External links ==
{{InterWiki|code=pnt}}
* Mark Janse, "[http://www.benjamins.com/jbp/series/JGL/3/art/0008a.pdf Aspects of Pontic grammar]", a Review Article of Drettas (1997). The [[Scholarly paper|paper]] summarizes the high points of the book.
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pnt Ethnologue report for Pontic]
* [http://www.epm.gr/ Committee for Pontian Studies (Επιτροπή Ποντιακών Μελετών)]
* [http://www.karalahana.com/english/omer_asan.htm Trebizond Greek: A language without a tongue]
* [http://www.pontian.info Info about Pontians]
* [http://www.karalahana.com/english/cost-of-language.htm Pontic Greek: A cost of a alanguage]
* [http://pontosworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=776&Itemid=75 The Pontic Dialect]
* [http://www.argonautai-komninoi.gr Argonautai Komninoi Association]
* [http://pontosworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=53&Itemid=72 Pontic Greek - English Dictionary]
* [http://www.karalahana.com/english/development-of-the-pontic-greek-dialect.html Development of the Pontic Greek Dialect]

[[Category:Pontus]]
[[Category:Anatolian Greeks]]
[[Category:Varieties of Modern Greek]]
[[Category:Languages of Greece]]
[[Category:Languages of Turkey]]
[[Category:Languages of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Languages of Abkhazia]]
[[Category:Languages of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Endangered Indo-European languages]]

[[af:Ponties]]
[[br:Gresianeg Pontos]]
[[bg:Понтийски език]]
[[de:Pontische Sprache]]
[[el:Ποντιακή διάλεκτος]]
[[es:Póntico]]
[[eo:Ponta greka lingvo]]
[[fr:Grec pontique]]
[[ko:폰토스 그리스어]]
[[id:Bahasa Yunani Pontus]]
[[it:Lingua pontica]]
[[mk:Понтиски јазик]]
[[nl:Pontisch]]
[[ja:ギリシア語ポントス方言]]
[[no:Pontisk gresk]]
[[pl:Język pontyjski]]
[[pnt:Ποντιακόν λαλίαν]]
[[ru:Понтийский язык]]
[[sk:Pontčina]]
[[sv:Pontisk grekiska]]
[[ta:போந்திக்கு மொழி]]
[[tr:Pontus lehçesi (Yunanca)]]
[[uk:Понтійська мова]]

Lew Rywin

2011-01-15T17:32:53Z

83.2.143.218: An incorrect name "Jakub Kolski" (chess player) changed into "Jan Jakub Kolski" (film director)

{{Infobox person
| image_name = 
| subject_name = Lew Rywin
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|11|10}}
| birth_place = [[Nizhnyi Alkeyev]], [[Siberia]], [[USSR]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[film producer]]
| spouse =
| parents =
| children =
}}
'''Lew Rywin''' (born November 10, 1945 in a [[Nizhnyi Alkeyev]], [[Siberia]], [[USSR]]) is a [[Poland|Polish]] film [[Film producer|film producer]] associated with [[Heritage Films]] (est. [[1991]]). He worked also in state-run TV.

He participated in producing such films as [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[Schindler's List]]'', [[Roman Polański]]'s ''[[The Pianist (memoir)|The Pianist]]'', and [[Jan Jakub Kolski]]'s ''[[Pornografia (movie)|Pornografia]]''. His last film was never produced. It was about the life of Holocaust survivor Herman Rosenblat (with producers Harris Salomon and Abi Sirokh). The film was titled "Love is a Survivor" and was later changed to "The Flower of the Fence".<ref>[http://www.screendaily.com/rywin-teams-with-atlantic-alliance-for-holocaust-drama/4014062.article ScreenDaily.com]</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*{{imdb name|0753499}}

==See also==
*[[Rywin affair]]

{{Poland-film-bio-stub}}
{{film-producer-stub}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Rywin, Lew
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =November 10, 1945
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Nizhnyi Alkeyev]], [[Siberia]], [[USSR]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rywin, Lew}}
[[Category:Russian Jews]]
[[Category:Polish Jews]]
[[Category:Polish businesspeople]]
[[Category:Polish film producers]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

[[de:Lew Rywin]]
[[pl:Lew Rywin]]