Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Emmanuel Macron

2014-08-27T15:19:30Z

84.74.65.113:

<ref>http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/politics/e0016900/emmanuel_macron_e01690000000000.htm</ref>{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Emmanuel Macron
|image =
|office = Minister of Economy, Industrial Renewal and Information Technology
|primeminister = [[Manuel Valls]]
|term_start = 26 August 2014
|term_end =
|president = [[François Hollande]]
|predecessor = [[Arnaud Montebourg]]
|successor =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|12|22|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Amiens]], France
|death_date =
|party = [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|partner = Brigitte Trogneux {{small|(2007–present)}}
|alma_mater = [[Sciences Po]]<br/s>[[École nationale d'administration|ENA]]
|religion =
}}
'''Emmanuel Macron''' (born [[December 21]], [[1977]] in [[Amiens]]) is a [[French]] senior official, politician and former [[investment banker]].

On [[26 August]] [[2014]] he was appointed as the [[Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry (France)|Minister of Economy, Industrial Renewal and Information Technology]] in the [[Valls Cabinet|Manuel Valls government]].<ref>Sylvie Corbet and Elaine Ganley[https://news.yahoo.com/french-govt-reshuffle-expels-dissident-ministers-171140970.html « French gov't reshuffle expels dissident ministers » ], [[Associated Press]], 26 August 2014</ref>

== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Government ministers of France]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Amiens]]
[[Category:Sciences Po alumni]]
[[Category:ENA alumni]]
[[Category:Socialist Party (France) politicians]]

Talk:Lauren Bacall

2014-08-14T15:20:00Z

84.74.65.113: /* removed link */ new section

{{talkheader}}
{{Vital article|level=4|topic=People|class=C}}
{{WikiProjectBannerShell|1=
{{WikiProject Biography|living=no|class=C|filmbio-priority=High|filmbio-work-group=yes|listas=Bacall, Lauren}}
{{WikiProject New York City|class=C|importance=Mid}}
{{WikiProject Women's History|class=C|importance=Low}}
}}

==Bogart, Bacall and "baby"==
Isn't this just a way to say, "honey", "sweetheart", "hey baby", like "hey mama", doesn't have anything to with age, you just say, "hey daddy", or "the old lady", but you don't mean age. ???? [[User:WikiDon|WikiDon]] 02:54, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

:Not in this case. This was his public pet name for her, not just talking ''to'' her, but talking ''about'' her. You could look it up. [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 03:00, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

::A) Where would I look it up at?
::B) Talking about her, "that's my baby", "she's my baby", "I love that baby", still can have nothing to with age. How did you get the idea I was only talking about talking "to her?" I didn't say that. [[User:WikiDon|WikiDon]] 03:08, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

:::His public pet name for her was "Baby", both talking ''to'' her and ''about'' her. Check out this contemporary reference, for example: [http://www.animationusa.com/wb14.html] I can tell you more about the dialogue of that cartoon, if you're interested. :) [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 03:10, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

:::: This still does not say "why" he called her that, it says nothing of "AGE".
::::On several occasions I distinctly recall Bogart calling his female co-stars “baby” and “sweetheart” in his movies, and it didn’t have anything to do with age, but was a term of endearment or affection. [[User:WikiDon|WikiDon]] 03:19, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

:::::This particular reference doesn't say anything about age, it just points out (as does the cartoon itself) that it was "Baby" with a capital B, not just "baby". Check out Google by putting in "Bacall" and "Baby" and you'll find a number of references, at least some of which assert that it had to do with the age difference. Bogie was a plain-speaking kind of guy, so he could be hot for the much-younger Lauren and make fun of that fact at the same time. [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 03:34, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

In ''Slick Hare'', there is this climactic dialogue:
*Elmer (waiter): I'm sowwy Mr. Bogawt, I couldn't get a wabbit! I twied and I twied.
*Bogart (reaching into his coat, seemingly for a gun): Well, in that case there's only one thing to do...
*Elmer: No! Pwease! Don't shoot!
*Bogart (pulling out a hankie and mopping his forehead): Baby will just have to have a ham sandwich instead!
*Bugsy (emerging from hiding): Baby?! (Leaps onto the table on a silver tray) Remember, garcon, the customer is always right! If it's rabbit Baby wants, rabbit Baby gets! (Proceeds to do his best "Hollywood wolf" shtick, howling and panting and making goo-goo eyes at the fetching Bacall). [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 03:40, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the cartoon text. I looked through 200 websites, couldn't find anything that made it an age issue, or why. [[User:WikiDon|WikiDon]] 04:39, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

My main point, in both the Bacall and the Bogart articles, was to remind the readers that "Baby" is what Bogie called her, with a capital "B", not just the generic "baby" that lovers call each other. Her friends call her Betty, which of course is her real name. I reckon I'll have to go to my Barnes & Ignoble to get an in-depth bio of one or both of them that would prove the specifics of why he called her "Baby", although it seems obvious, but it's not a point worth my while to obsess over. :) [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 05:03, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

: I agree with you that he called her Baby, there is no doubt about it. She has been know as Baby for years. I left in the fact that he called her that, just re-wrote the entry to break the infurance that it was because of age, until I can find a reference. I would say Bacall's book (s) would be the best place to look. Keep up the good work. [[User:WikiDon|WikiDon]] 05:22, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

::I don't have Bacall's autobiography, but I think I know someone that does, so if I find out more I'll get back to you. Certainly Bogie is not the first to use "Baby" with a capital B. An example is the 1930s comedy "Bringing Up Baby", Baby being the leading lady's pet leopard. As a generic (lower case) term, the early 1900s song that WB's famous frog sings is a good example, as it starts, "Hello, mah baby, hello mah honey, hello mah ragtime gal..." The use of "babe", is in "a babe", in particular, in reference to any "hot" young woman is also very old usage. Good grief, there's almost enough here for a separate article, if I feel like writing it... the concept of "encyclopedic" being used rather generously in this case. :) [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 11:08, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

== A member of the Golden Age of Hollywood generation? ==

[[User:23skidoo]] added the following:

:''"....one of the few actors of the "Golden Age of Hollywood" generation still active in the industry."''

EXCEPTION:
Because the "[[History_of_cinema#The_.27Golden_Age.27_of_Hollywood|Golden Age of Hollywood]]" is considered to be: "...the period beginning with the advent of sound until after the end of WWII." Her first film was 1944, marking the end of the Golden Age and the beginning of the post-war rise of the film noir period. Also, she was a generation younger than Bogart, K. Hepburn, Tracy, Wayne, Grant, Chaplin, Pickford, Gable, Welles, Astair, Loy, W. Powell, etc.

So, because she acted in ONE film in the "Golden Age" she was a "Golden Age" actor? That is a s.t.r.e.t.c.h.... That does NOT make her of the '''"Golden Age of Hollywood" generation'''.

I say that she is in with: Doris Day (1924), Eva Marie Saint (1924), Shelley Winters (1920), Tony Randall (1920), Walter Matthau (1920), Ricardo Montalban (1920), Donna Reed (1921), Carol Channing (1921), Cyd Charisse (1921), Gordon MacRae (1921), Simone Signoret (1921), Alexis Smith (1921), Yves Montand (1921), Kathryn Grayson (1922), Richard Kiley (1922), Judy Garland (1922), Barbara Bel Geddes (1922), Veronica Lake (1922), Anne Baxter (1923), Marlon Brando (1924), Paul Newman (1925), Dorothy Malone (1925), Jack Lemmon (1925), Hal Holbrook (1925), Rod Steiger (1925), Jeanne Crain (1925), Tony Curtis (1925), Patricia Neal (1926), Audrey Meadows (1926), Marilyn Monroe (1926), George C. Scott (1927), Richard Crenna (1927), etc.

These are '''HER generation, her contemporaries'''.

Anyone else have an opinion? [[User:WikiDon|WikiDon]] 09:23, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

:I rephrased it. Hope it's more satisfying now.--[[User:Downtownstar|Downtownstar]] 23:50, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

::Two responses to the first post. First, the "classic period" of film noir actually started in the early 40's. Second, the Golden Age of Hollywood is considered to be the heyday of the Studio System, which is considered to be from the advent of sound to the late 40's/early 50's. --[[User:PhantomS|PhantomS]] 17:06, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

== Bacall and HUAC ==

I am amazed that there is nothing in this article about Bacall being called before HUAC and her connection to the "Hollywood 10." The McCarthy hearings, and her association with them, are major historical events. Much more important than her quotes about Tom Cruise or Nicole Kidman. [[User:Danflave|Danflave]] 20:34, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

== Pictures ==

This is an extensive article on a legendary person. There's a desperate need for more pictures of her, don't you think? Even the main shot has her with another person. If anyone can find one or two or three shots of Lauren that could be used here, it would be greatly appreciated. That's all Folks.[[User:Downtownstar|Downtownstar]] 16:47, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

== Pop songs that sample Bacall? ==
There was a big UK hit from the late 80s/early 90s which used the Bacall sample ("You know how to whistle, don't you?.."). Anyone remember which band it was?[[User:Bmathew|Bmathew]] 22:27, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

== [[Stephen Bogart]] ==

Why does the link for Stephen Bogart redirect to Humphrey Bogart's page? [[User:Phaethon 0130|Phaethon 0130]] 02:33, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

:Is he notable enough for his own article? [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1274907 IMDb] [[User:Qzm|Qzm]] ([[User talk:Qzm|talk]]) 02:04, 20 September 2009 (UTC)
::Not really. Even his IMDB listed roles are mostly based on who he is, which was the son of Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. One film role - ''Pandora'' (2002) as an unnamed Psychiatrist and co-produced an anthology film in 2002. Everything else is related to his status as the son, either as a consultant, an interviewee in documentaries or as himself, talking about his parents. Any other person with those credentials wouldn't be considered notable. He doesn't meet the criteria in [[WP:ENT]] independently and falls under [[Wikipedia:Notability (people)#Family]]: ''Being related to a notable person in itself confers no degree of notability upon that person.'' [[User:Wildhartlivie|Wildhartlivie]] ([[User talk:Wildhartlivie|talk]]) 02:52, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

==Cashing in on Bacall==

The following trivia were grandly presented as "cultural references". Beats me how Lloyd Webber's [http://music.guardian.co.uk/vinylword/story/0,,2164508,00.html schlock] can be regarded as "culture"; but that aside, the following don't seem to add to our knowledge of Bacall. So I cut them all. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] 02:39, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

<div style="margin:10px; padding:10px; background-color:#dfd">
The 1981 romantic [[ballad]], "Key Largo" (written and sung by [[Bertie Higgins]]) referenced the Bogart/Bacall movie of the same name, and their relationship.

In the song "Rainbow High" from [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]'s musical ''[[Evita (musical)|Evita]]'', the main character [[Eva Peron]] orders her stylist to "Lauren Bacall me!" Bacall is mentioned among some other Hollywood icons in the lyrics for [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna's]] [[1990]] hit single "[[Vogue (song)|Vogue]]". Out of the dozen icons Madonna mentions, Bacall is the only one still alive today. Bacall is mentioned in [[The Clash]] song "Car Jamming" from ''[[Combat Rock]]'': "I thought I saw Lauren Bacall/I swear/Hey fellas/Lauren Bacall/In a car jam". She was mentioned along with [[Humphrey Bogart]] in the [[Nas]] song "Blunt Ashes", featured on the 2006 album, ''[[Hip Hop Is Dead]]''.

In 2005's ''[[Thank You for Smoking]]'' Bacall's famous first scene is used by the protagonist Nick Naylor as his pitch for bringing cigarettes back into film, citing the obvious sexual tension between Bacall and Bogart incited people to smoke: "The greatest on-screen romance in film history; how did it start? With a cigarette."

Bacall is mentioned in the [[Butthole Surfers]] song "P.S.Y." off the album "Pioughed": "I know you don't believe it but I really should be leavin', She fell in love with Lauren Bacall"
</div>

== Criticism of [[Tom Cruise]] ==

Didn't she criticize Tom after she worked with Nicole Kidman in [[Dogville]] where she said Kidman was “adorable, professional, but unhappy.” and had this to say about Cruise: “Tom had taken off for Penélope Cruz or some goddamn thing—one of his more ridiculous moves. Tom Cruise is a maniac. I can’t understand the way he conducts his life.”, thereby blaming him for the breakup of him and Kidman? It appears in [http://www.elle.com/Entertainment/Cover-Shoots/Nicole-Kidman-and-Keith-Urban-Escape-From-Hollywood/Nicole-Kidman-and-Keith-Urban-Escape-From-Hollywood5 Elle magazine]. --[[User:Crackthewhip775|Whip it!]] [[User talk:Crackthewhip775|Now whip it good!]] 02:09, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

==Bacall and Peres==

Re: Bacall and Peres as possible first cousins: User Williameis adds a reference to Hitchens in Slate (Hitchens, Christopher (2009-05-11). "President of Which Israel?". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/id/2218002/. Retrieved on 2009-05-11.), explaining, "Christopher Hitchens asked Shimon Peres if Lauren Bacall is really his cousin." No! If you read the article, Hitchens did NOT ask Peres, and furthermore, Hitchens cites WIKIPEDIA as the source of his supposition that they might be cousins! This is a citation loop. I cut the reference entirely until someone can genuinely source this. [[User:RRvR|RRvR]] ([[User talk:RRvR|talk]]) 14:03, 13 May 2009 (UTC)
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lauren_Bacall&diff=289688619&oldid=289670535 Done]. Removing that ref was the right call as it was quite bogus, although a cursory search of [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] reveals this to be quite true and citeable. [[User:Frank| Frank ]] {{!}} [[user_talk:Frank| talk ]] 16:10, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

The assertion that peres and bacall are first cousins seems impossible. If they are it must be on Bacalls fathers side, this would make Bacalls father and Peres father brothers-yet bacalls father was born and raised in New York and Peres father lived his life in Poland prior to immigrating to palestine, how is this possible? There is no evidence of peres mother ever living or giving birth in the US — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/101.161.185.118|101.161.185.118]] ([[User talk:101.161.185.118|talk]]) 08:59, 18 March 2013 (UTC) 

==Twitter==
Is the twitter page that Lauren Bacall has really hers or is someone masquerading as her? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/134.124.134.50|134.124.134.50]] ([[User talk:134.124.134.50|talk]]) 15:00, 10 October 2009 (UTC) 
:The only Lauren Bacall account that I find is registered as @laurenbacall but it says Lois Jones in the header. It's not a verified account. That's the only way to know for sure, is if it is verified. I don't think it is her. [[User:Wildhartlivie|Wildhartlivie]] ([[User talk:Wildhartlivie|talk]]) 22:05, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

It's not her:
http://www.accesshollywood.com/twilight/lauren-bacall-not-tweeting-about-twilight_article_22199
[[Special:Contributions/12.162.122.6|12.162.122.6]] ([[User talk:12.162.122.6|talk]]) 23:31, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

== Her movie career "waned"? ==

"Bacall's movie career waned in the 1960s, and she was only seen in a handful of films."

This statement seems to imply that Bacall was no longer much in demand during that period. That might be true -- I don't claim to know -- but the statement ought to be supported, or else removed. Bacall has had an extraordinarily successful career, and -- as mentioned earlier in the article -- was known for turning down roles that did not interest her.

Incidentally, I think this is a very good article.

Verify. Supposedly her PR rep said she's still alive... at least as of August 12, 2014.

Lauren Bacall Death Hoax Dismissed Since Actress Is ‘Alive And Well’

On Tuesday (August 12) the actress' reps officially confirmed that Lauren Bacall is not dead. “She joins the long list of celebrities who have been victimized by this hoax. She's still alive and well, stop believing what you see on the Internet,” they said.

en.mediamass.net/people/lauren-bacall/ deathhoax.html

[[User:Infogurl9|Infogurl9]] ([[User talk:Infogurl9|talk]]) 00:06, 13 August 2014 (UTC)

:[en.mediamass.net/people/lauren-bacall/ deathhoax.html] It is confirmed she is dead. [[User:Lady Lotus|LADY LOTUS]] • [[User talk:Lady Lotus|TALK]] 14:25, 13 August 2014 (UTC)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-28767401 — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/81.170.122.230|81.170.122.230]] ([[User talk:81.170.122.230|talk]]) 18:38, 13 August 2014 (UTC) 

==Date and circumstances of name change==
Compare this version:
* '''Early life''': ''Her parents divorced when she was five, and she took the Romanian form of her mother's last name, Bacall''.

with this version:
* '''Modeling''' (c. 1942): ''Hawks signed her to a seven-year personal contract, brought her to Hollywood, gave her $100 salary a week, and began to manage her career. Hawks changed her first name to Lauren, and Perske adopted "Bacall", a variant of her mother's maiden name, as her new surname.''

These cannot ''both'' be correct. -- [[User:JackofOz|Jack of Oz]] [[User talk:JackofOz#top|[pleasantries]]] 23:29, 13 August 2014 (UTC)

:The first comment ''can't'' be literally true as stated, nobody changes their own name at 5. Conceivably her mother changed her name, or she changed it later but before Hawks, but I'd expect this to be stated. So I'll edit the text a bit. [[User:Pol098|Pol098]] ([[User talk:Pol098|talk]]) 13:42, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

== removed link ==

Why has the external link http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/film/e0016900/lauren_bacall_e01690000000.htm been removed? It is a valid link.

Lauren Bacall

2014-08-14T09:05:49Z

84.74.65.113: /* External links */

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Lauren bacall promo photo.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Bacall in the 1940s
| birth_name = Betty Joan Perske
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|9|16}}
| birth_place = {{nowrap|[[The Bronx]], New York, U.S.}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2014|8|12|1924|9|16}}
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[New York City]], New York, U.S.}}
| death_cause = [[Stroke]]<ref name=NewsDeath/>
| nationality = American
| occupation = Actress, model
| height = {{convert|5|ft|9|in|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name=GuardianHeight/>
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|[[Humphrey Bogart]]|(1945–57; his death)|[[Jason Robards]]|(1961–69; divorced)}}
| children = 3 including [[Sam Robards]]
| relatives = [[Shimon Peres]]
| years_active = 1942–2014
| signature = LaurenBacall.png
| module = {{infobox comedian awards|academyawards={{unbulleted list|[[Academy Honorary Award]], 2009}}|afiawards=[[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars]], 1999}}
}}
'''Lauren Bacall''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|ɔr|ə|n|_|b|ə|ˈ|k|ɔː|l}}, born '''Betty Joan Perske'''; September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014) was an American actress of film, stage, and musical theatre, known for her distinctive husky voice and sultry looks. She began her career as a model.<ref name=CNNDeath />

She first emerged as a [[leading lady]] in the [[Humphrey Bogart]] film ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]'' (1944) and continued on in the [[film noir]] genre, with appearances in Bogart movies ''[[The Big Sleep (1946 film)|The Big Sleep]]'' (1946), ''[[Dark Passage (film)|Dark Passage]]'' (1947), and ''[[Key Largo (film)|Key Largo]]'' (1948), as well as comedic roles in ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'' (1953) with [[Marilyn Monroe]] and ''[[Designing Woman]]'' (1957) with [[Gregory Peck]]. Bacall worked on Broadway in musicals, earning [[Tony Award]]s for ''[[Applause (musical)|Applause]]'' in 1970 and ''[[Woman of the Year (musical)|Woman of the Year]]'' in 1981. Her performance in the movie ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]'' (1996) earned her a [[Golden Globe]] Award and an [[Academy Award]] nomination.

In 1999, Bacall was ranked 20th out of the 25 actresses on the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars]] list by the [[American Film Institute]]. In 2009, she was selected by the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] to receive an [[Academy Honorary Award]] "in recognition of her central place in the Golden Age of motion pictures."<ref name=Academy />

Bacall died on August 12, 2014, at the age of 89 after suffering a massive stroke.<ref name=CNNDeath>{{cite news|author1=Dana Ford|title=Famed actress Lauren Bacall dies at 89|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/12/showbiz/lauren-bacall-dead|publisher=CNN|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=August 12, 2014}}</ref>

==Early life==
Bacall was born '''Betty Joan Perske''' on September 16, 1924, in [[the Bronx, New York]],<ref name=FactsCNN>{{cite news|author1=CNN Library|title=Lauren Bacall Fast Facts|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/24/us/lauren-bacall-fast-facts/index.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=August 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=To Have and Have Not|author=Tyrnauer, Matt|date=March 10, 2011|publisher=''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''|accessdate=October 15, 2011|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2011/03/lauren-bacall-201103}}</ref> the only child of Natalie ([[née]] Weinstein-Bacal), a secretary who later legally changed her surname to Bacall, and William Perske, who worked in sales.<ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/96/Lauren-Bacall.html Lauren Bacall profile], Film Reference.com. Retrieved July 9, 2014.</ref> Both her parents were [[Jews|Jewish]]. Her mother emigrated from [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] through [[Ellis Island]] and her father was born in New Jersey to [[Vistula Land|Polish]]-born parents.<ref name="Bacall">{{cite book|title=By Myself and Then Some|author=Bacall, Lauren|publisher=''It Books''|date=March 1, 2005|isbn=0060755350}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lyman|first1=Darryl|title=Great Jews in the Performing Arts|date=1999|publisher=J. David|location=Middle Village, NY|isbn=0824604199|page=19|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=bnQHAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Her+mother+had+been+born+in+Romania+with+the%22&dq=%22Her+mother+had+been+born+in+Romania+with+the%22&hl=en}}</ref> Other sources refer to her mother's family as [[Germany|German]]-[[Romania]]n and her father as originating from [[Alsace]].<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=1YAiV_S3JBcC&pg=PA77&dq=lauren+bacall+german-romanian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mlvsU4u6NOyQ4gTKwIDwDA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=lauren%20bacall%20german-romanian&f=false Ethnic groups USA]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.de/books?ei=mlvsU4u6NOyQ4gTKwIDwDA&id=3Xaor66VeTQC&dq=lauren+bacall+german-romanian&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Alsace The ethnic almanac]</ref>

Through her father, she was a relative of [[Shimon Peres]], the ninth [[President of Israel]] (though not a first cousin, as has often been reported).<ref name=haaretz>[http://www.haaretz.com/life/movies-television/.premium-1.610399 Shimon Peres remembers 'very strong, very beautiful' relative Lauren Bacall] Haaretz, By Nirit Anderman, Aug. 13, 2014</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Peres: Not such a bad record after all|author=Lazaroff, Tovah|date=November 10, 2005|accessdate=May 13, 2009|work=The Jerusalem Post|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=4397}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shimon Peres Wears Hats of Peacemaker, Schemer|author=Weiner, Eric|date=June 13, 2007|publisher=National Public Radio|accessdate=May 13, 2009|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11020066}}</ref> Peres has stated, “In 1952 or 1953 I came to New York... Lauren Bacall called me, said that she wanted to meet, and we did. We sat and talked about where our families came from, and discovered that we were from the same family... but I’m not exactly sure what our relation is... It was she who later said that she was my cousin, I didn’t say that".<ref name=haaretz/> Her parents divorced when she was five, and she took the Romanian form of her mother's last name, Bacall.<ref name="kwidna">Meyers, Jeffrey (1997), ''Bogart: A Life in Hollywood''. Houghton Mifflin; ISBN 978-0-395-77399-4, p. 164.</ref> She no longer saw her father and formed a very close bond with her mother, who came to live in [[California]] after Bacall became a movie star.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lauren Bacall on Life, Acting, and Bogie|author=Cantrell, Susan|date=July 19, 2009|publisher=''Carmel Magazine''|accessdate=August 22, 2009|url=http://www.carmelmagazine.com/archive/09sp/lauren-bacall.shtml}}</ref><ref name="LIFE">{{Cite book|last=Wickware|first=Francis Sill|title=Profile of Lauren Bacall|pages=100–106|volume=18|publisher=''[[Life (magazine)|LIFE Magazine]]''|date=May 7, 1945|issn=0024-3019}}</ref>

==Career==

===Modeling===
[[File:BigClinch.jpg|thumb|Bacall with Humphrey Bogart in 1946]]
As a teenage fashion model, she appeared on the cover of ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'' (the cover has since been described as 'iconic'),<ref>[http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/culture-news/news/revisiting-lauren-bacall-in-bazaar REVISITING LAUREN BACALL IN BAZAAR] by Ajesh Patalay, August 13, 2014, [[Harper's Bazaar]]</ref> as well as in magazines such as ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''.<ref>''Lauren Bacall'', by Francis Sill Wickware ''LIFE Magazine'', May 7, 1945, Vol. 18, No. 19</ref> She was noted for her "cat-like grace, tawny blonde hair and blue-green eyes".<ref>''Lauren Bacall'', LIFE January 19, 1948, Vol. 24, No. 3, p. 43.</ref>
[[File:Bacall&Hawks.jpg|thumb|left|[[Howard Hawks]] and Bacall in 1943]]

In 1941, Bacall took lessons at the [[American Academy of Dramatic Arts]], where she was classmates with [[Kirk Douglas]],<ref name="thomas18">Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Kirk Douglas''. Citadel Press, New York, 1991; ISBN 0-8065-1217-2. p. 18</ref> while working as a [[theatre]] usher and [[Model (person)|fashion model]].<ref name=FactsCNN/>

She made her acting debut on [[Broadway theater|Broadway]] in 1942, at age 17, as a walk-on in ''Johnny 2 X 4''. According to Bacall's autobiography, she and a girlfriend won an opportunity in 1940 to meet her idol [[Bette Davis]] at Davis's hotel. Years later, Davis visited Bacall backstage to congratulate her on her performance in ''[[Applause (musical)|Applause]]'', a musical based on the film ''[[All About Eve]]'' in which Davis had starred. Davis told Bacall, "You're the only one who could have played the part."<ref>{{cite book|last=Chandler|first=Charlotte|title=The Girl Who Walked Home Alone: Bette Davis A Personal Biography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7ZuA3i0ICP4C&pg=PT216|date=December 9, 2008|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-84739-698-3|page=216}}</ref>

While she was working as a fashion model, [[Howard Hawks]]' wife [[Slim Keith|Nancy]] spotted her on the cover of Harper's Bazaar magazine.<ref name=independent1>{{cite news|author1=David Thomson|title=Lauren Bacall: The souring of a Hollywood legend|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/lauren-bacall-the-souring-of-a-hollywood-legend-6161923.html|publisher=''The Independent''|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=September 11, 2004}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">(source: interview with Howard Hawks in Peter Bogdanovich's book Who the Devil Made It, p. 327)</ref> and urged Hawks to have her take a [[screen test]] for ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]].'' Hawks had asked his secretary to find out more about her, but the secretary misunderstood and sent her a ticket to [[Hollywood]] for the audition.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

Hawks signed her to a seven-year personal contract, brought her to Hollywood, gave her $100 salary a week, and began to manage her career. Hawks changed her first name to Lauren, and Perske adopted "Bacall", a variant of her mother's maiden name, as her new surname. Nancy Hawks took Bacall under her wing.<ref>A. Sperber and Eric Lax (1997), ''Bogart''. William Morrow & Co.; ISBN 0-688-07539-8, ISBN 978-0-688-07539-2, p. 246.</ref>

Nancy dressed Bacall stylishly and guided her in matters of elegance, manners and taste. Bacall was trained to make her voice lower, deeper, and sexier.<ref>Sperber and Lax 1997, p. 245.</ref> In ''To Have and Have Not'', Bacall's character used Nancy Hawks' nickname "Slim" and Bogart used Howard Hawks' nickname "Steve".<ref name="independent1"/>

===Breakthrough===
[[File:Lauren Bacall and Humphrey Bogart - 1945.jpg|thumb|right|Bacall in her first movie, ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]'' with [[Humphrey Bogart]], 1944]]
During screen tests for ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]'' (1944), Bacall was nervous. To minimize her quivering, she pressed her chin against her chest and to face the camera, tilted her eyes upward. This effect became known as "The Look", Bacall's [[trademark]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/lauren-bacall-9194111|title=Lauren Bacall profile at|website=Biography.com|publisher=A&E Television Networks, LLC|date=2014|accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Dark passage trailer bogart bacall.JPG|left|thumb|Bacall and [[Humphrey Bogart|Bogart]] in ''[[Dark Passage (film)|Dark Passage]]'']]
On the set, [[Humphrey Bogart]], who was married to [[Mayo Methot]], initiated a relationship with Bacall several weeks into shooting and they began seeing each other. On a visit to the [[National Press Club (USA)|National Press Club]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], on February 10, 1945, Bacall's press agent, chief of publicity at [[Warner Bros.]] Charlie Enfield, asked the 20-year-old Bacall to sit on the piano which was being played by [[Vice-President of the United States]] [[Harry S. Truman]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Peretti|first=Burton|title=The Leading Man: Hollywood and the Presidential Image|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5sCL4fG5z88C&pg=PA88|date=17 September 2012|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-5405-1|page=88}}</ref>

After ''To Have and Have Not'', Bacall was seen opposite [[Charles Boyer]] in ''[[Confidential Agent]]'' (1945), which was poorly received by the critics. She appeared with Bogart in the [[films noir]] ''[[The Big Sleep (1946 film)|The Big Sleep]]'' (1946) and ''[[Dark Passage (film)|Dark Passage]]'' (1947) and [[John Huston]]'s melodramatic suspense film ''[[Key Largo (film)|Key Largo]]'' (1948) with Bogart and [[Edward G. Robinson]]. She was cast opposite [[Gary Cooper]] in ''[[Bright Leaf]]'' (1950).

===1950s===
[[File:Douglas - Bacall - Horn 1950.jpg|thumb|With [[Kirk Douglas]] in ''[[Young Man with a Horn (film)|Young Man with a Horn]]'' (1950)]]
Bacall turned down scripts she did not find interesting and thereby earned a reputation for being difficult. For her leads in a string of films, she received favorable reviews. In ''[[Young Man with a Horn (film)|Young Man with a Horn]]'' (1950), co-starring [[Kirk Douglas]], [[Doris Day]], and [[Hoagy Carmichael]], Bacall played a two-faced [[femme fatale]]. This movie is often considered the first big-budget [[jazz]] film.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}

During 1951–1952, Bacall co-starred with Bogart in the syndicated action-adventure radio series ''[[Bold Venture]]''. In 1953, Bacall starred in the [[CinemaScope]] comedy ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'', a runaway hit.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vogel|first=Michelle|title=Marilyn Monroe: Her Films, Her Life|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rEVXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA96|date=24 April 2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-7086-0|page=96}}</ref> Billed third under [[Marilyn Monroe]] and [[Betty Grable]], Bacall got positive notices for her turn as the witty gold-digger, Schatze Page.<ref>Movie Reviews: [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/how_to_marry_a_millionaire "How to Marry a Millionaire"], Rotten Tomatoes.com. Retrieved August 13, 2014.</ref> According to her autobiography, Bacall declined {{Why?|date=August 2014}} the coveted invitation from [[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]] to press her hand- and footprints in the theatre's cemented forecourt at the [[Los Angeles]] premiere of the film.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://guardianlv.com/2014/08/hollywood-legend-lauren-bacall-dead-at-89/ | title=Hollywood Legend Lauren Bacall Dead at 89 | publisher=Guardian Liberty Voice | date=13 August 2014 | accessdate=13 August 2014 | author=Grace, Rebecca}}</ref>

[[File:Bacall,Bogart,Fonda crop.jpg|left|thumb|Bacall, Bogart and Henry Fonda in the television version of ''The Petrified Forest'']]

In 1955, a television version of Bogart's own breakthrough film, ''[[The Petrified Forest]]'', was performed as a live installment of ''[[Producers' Showcase]]'', a weekly dramatic anthology, featuring Bogart as Duke Mantee, [[Henry Fonda]] as Alan, and Bacall as Gabrielle, the part originally played in the 1936 movie by [[Bette Davis]]. Bogart had no problem performing his role live since he had originally played the part on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] with the subsequent movie's star [[Leslie Howard (actor)|Leslie Howard]], who had secured a film career for Bogart by insisting that Warner Bros. cast him in the movie instead of Edward G. Robinson; Bogart and Bacall named their daughter "Leslie Howard Bogart" in gratitude.<ref name="imdb"/>

In the late 1990s, Bacall donated the only known [[kinescope]] of the 1955 performance to The Museum Of Television & Radio (now the [[Paley Center for Media]]), where it remains archived for viewing in New York City and Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Broadcast Museum Seeks TV's Self-History|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/25/arts/broadcasting-museum-seeks-tv-s-self-history.html|accessdate=August 12, 2014|work=New York Times|date=January 25, 1987}}</ref>
[[File:Written on the wind6.jpg|thumb|The 32 year old Bacall, in ''Written on the Wind'', 1956]]
''[[Written on the Wind]]'', directed by [[Douglas Sirk]] in 1956, is now considered a classic tear-jerker.<ref>{{cite web|title=Filmsite Movie Review: Written on the Wind (1956)|url=http://www.filmsite.org/writt.html|publisher=Film Site|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref> Appearing with [[Rock Hudson]], [[Dorothy Malone]] and [[Robert Stack]], Bacall played a career woman whose life is unexpectedly turned around by a family of oil magnates. Bacall wrote in her autobiography that she did not think much of the role. While struggling at home with Bogart's battle with esophageal cancer, Bacall starred with [[Gregory Peck]] in ''[[Designing Woman]]''.<ref>[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/designing_woman/ Designing Woman @ Rotten Tomatoes.com].</ref> It was directed by [[Vincente Minnelli]] and released in New York on May 16, 1957, four months after Bogart succumbed to cancer on January 14.

Bacall was seen in two more films in the 1950s; the [[Jean Negulesco]]-directed melodrama ''[[The Gift of Love]]'' (1958), in which her co star was [[Robert Stack]], and the adventure film ''[[North West Frontier (film)|North West Frontier]]'' (1959), which was a box office hit.<ref>FOUR BRITISH FILMS IN 'TOP 6': BOULTING COMEDY HEADS BOX OFFICE LIST Our own Reporter, ''The Guardian'' (1959–2003), London (UK), December 11, 1959: p. 4.</ref>

===1960s and 1970s===
Bacall's movie career waned in the 1960s, and she was seen in only a handful of films. On Broadway she starred in ''Goodbye, Charlie'' (1959), ''[[Cactus Flower (play)|Cactus Flower]]'' (1965), ''[[Applause (musical)|Applause]]'' (1970) and ''[[Woman of the Year (musical)|Woman of the Year]]'' (1981). She won [[Tony Award]]s for her performances in the latter two.<ref name="ibdb">{{IBDB name|30584}}</ref>

The few movies Bacall shot during this period were all-star vehicles such as ''[[Sex and the Single Girl (film)|Sex and the Single Girl]]'' (1964) with Henry Fonda, [[Tony Curtis]] and [[Natalie Wood]], ''[[Harper (film)|Harper]]'' (1966) with [[Paul Newman]], [[Shelley Winters]], [[Julie Harris]], [[Robert Wagner]] and [[Janet Leigh]], and ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]'' (1974), with an all-star cast, including [[Ingrid Bergman]], [[Albert Finney]], [[Vanessa Redgrave]], [[Martin Balsam]] and [[Sean Connery]]. In 1964, she appeared in two episodes of [[Craig Stevens (actor)|Craig Stevens]]'s ''[[Mr. Broadway]]'': first in "Take a Walk Through a Cemetery", with then husband, Jason Robards, Jr., and later as Barbara Lake in the episode "Something to Sing About", co-starring future co-star Balsam.<ref name="imdb"/>

For her work in the Chicago theatre, Bacall won the [[Sarah Siddons Award]] in 1972 and again in 1984. In 1976, she co-starred with [[John Wayne]] in his last picture, ''[[The Shootist]]''. The two became friends, despite significant political differences between them. They had previously worked together in ''[[Blood Alley]]'' (1955).<ref name="imdb"/>

===Later career===
During the 1980s, Bacall appeared in the poorly received [[star vehicle]] ''[[The Fan (1981 film)|The Fan]]'' (1981), as well as some star-studded features such as [[Robert Altman]]'s ''[[Health (film)|Health]]'' (1980) and [[Michael Winner]]'s ''[[Appointment with Death]]'' (1988). In 1990, she had a small role in ''[[Misery (film)|Misery]]'', which starred [[Kathy Bates]] and [[James Caan]]. In 1997, Bacall was nominated for a [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for her role in ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]'' (1996), her first nomination after a career span of more than fifty years.<ref name="imdb"/>

She had already won a [[Golden Globe]] and was widely expected to win the Oscar, but lost in an upset to [[Juliette Binoche]] for ''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]''.

Bacall received the [[Kennedy Center Honors]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lyman|first1=Rick|title=A Wind of Gratitude Blows Through the Performing Arts|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/08/arts/a-wind-of-gratitude-blows-through-the-performing-arts.html|accessdate=August 12, 2014|work=New York Times|date=December 8, 1997}}</ref> In 1999, she was voted one of the 25 most significant female movie stars in history by the [[American Film Institute]]. Her movie career saw something of a renaissance and she attracted respectful notices for her performances in high-profile projects such as ''[[Dogville]]'' (2003) and ''[[Birth (film)|Birth]]'' (2004), both with [[Nicole Kidman]]. She was a leading actor in Paul Schrader's ''[[The Walker]]''.<ref name="imdb">*{{IMDb name|0000002}}</ref>

Her commercial ventures in the 2000s included being a spokesperson for the [[Tuesday Morning]] discount chain (commercials showed her in a [[limousine]] waiting for the store to open at the beginning of one of their sales events) and producing a jewelry line with the Weinman Brothers company. She previously was a celebrity spokesperson for [[High Point (coffee)]] and [[Fancy Feast]] cat food. In March 2006, Bacall was seen at the 78th Annual Academy Awards introducing a film montage dedicated to [[film noir]]. She made a cameo appearance as herself on ''[[The Sopranos]]'', in the April 2006 episode, "[[Luxury Lounge]]", during which she was mugged by a masked hoodlum (played by [[Michael Imperioli]]).

In September 2006, Bacall was awarded the first [[Katharine Hepburn]] Medal, which recognizes "women whose lives, work and contributions embody the intelligence, drive and independence of the four-time-Oscar-winning actress", by [[Bryn Mawr College]]'s Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center|url=http://www.brynmawr.edu/hepburn|publisher=[[Bryn Mawr College]]|accessdate=13 August 2014|date=7 February 2013}}</ref> She gave an address at the memorial service of [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]] at the [[Reform Club]] in London in June 2007.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jenkins|first1=Simon|title=Our trigger-happy rulers should have been sent on a crash course in history|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/jun/29/comment.politics1|accessdate=August 12, 2014|work=The Guardian (UK)|date=June 28, 2007}}</ref> She finished her role in ''[[The Forger (2012 film)|The Forger]]'' in 2009.<ref name="V1">{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117999405.html?categoryid=1043&cs=1|title=Hutcherson rounds out 'Carmel' cast|last=McNary|first=Dave|date=February 1, 2009|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=July 9, 2014}}</ref>

Bacall was selected by the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] to receive an Honorary Academy Award. The award was presented at the inaugural [[Governors Awards]] on November 14, 2009.<ref>[http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2009/20090910a.html "Bacall, Calley, Corman and Willis to Receive Academy’s Governors Awards"], Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences (press release), September 10, 2009.</ref>

In July 2013, Bacall expressed interest in taking the starring role in the film ''Trouble Is My Business''.<ref>[http://www.juntoboxfilms.com/projects/trouble-is-my-business#.Ufr57pIsm8A "Trouble Is My Business"], juntoboxfilms.com, July 2013.</ref> In November, she joined the English dub voice cast for [[StudioCanal]]'s animated film ''[[Ernest & Celestine]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/news/ernest-celestine-toon-taps-lauren-bacall-paul-giamatti-william-h-macy-exclusive-1200806834/|title=''Ernest & Celestine'': Toon Taps Lauren Bacall, Paul Giamatti, William H. Macy (exclusive)|last=Keslassy|first=Elsa|date=November 8, 2013|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=July 9, 2014}}</ref> Her final role was in 2014: a guest vocal appearance in the twelfth season ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "[[Mom's the Word]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Breaking News - Tony Award Winner Lauren Bacall Dies at 89|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Breaking-News-Tony-Award-Winner-Lauren-Bacall-Dies-at-89-20140812|publisher=Broadway World|accessdate=13 August 2014|date=12 August 2014}}</ref>

==Personal life==

===Relationships and family===
[[File:Dark passage trailer bacall1.JPG|thumb|left|Bacall starring alongside Humphrey Bogart in 1947]]
On May 21, 1945, Bacall married actor [[Humphrey Bogart]]. Their wedding and honeymoon took place at [[Malabar Farm State Park|Malabar Farm, Lucas, Ohio]], the country home of [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning author [[Louis Bromfield]], a close friend of Bogart. The wedding was held in the Big House.

Bacall was 20 and Bogart was 45; thus, she was nicknamed "Baby". They remained married until Bogart's death from [[esophageal cancer]] in 1957. During the filming of ''[[The African Queen (film)|The African Queen]]'' (1951), Bacall and Bogart became friends of [[Katharine Hepburn]] and [[Spencer Tracy]]. She began to mix in non-acting circles, becoming friends with the historian [[Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.]] and the journalist [[Alistair Cooke]]. In 1952, she gave campaign speeches for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] Presidential contender [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]]. Along with other Hollywood figures, Bacall was a staunch opponent of [[McCarthyism]].<ref name="Levy2006">{{cite book|last=Levy|first=Patricia|title=From Television to the Berlin Wall|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RKKRrhJk2z8C&pg=PA27|accessdate=August 13, 2014|year=2006|publisher=Raintree|isbn=9781410917874|pages=27–}}</ref><ref name="KuhnRadstone1990">{{cite book|last1=Kuhn|first1=Annette|last2=Radstone|first2=Susannah|title=The Women's Companion to International Film|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pjqOM04aGJ8C&pg=PA34|accessdate=August 13, 2014|year=1990|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520088795|pages=34–}}</ref>

[[File:Lauren Bacall08.JPG|thumb|Bacall in 1989]]
Shortly after Bogart's death in 1957, Bacall had a relationship with singer and actor [[Frank Sinatra]]. She told [[Robert Osborne]], of [[Turner Classic Movies]] (TCM), in an interview, that she had ended the romance. However, in her autobiography, she wrote that Sinatra abruptly ended the relationship, having become angry that the story of his proposal to Bacall had reached the press. Bacall and her friend [[Irving Paul Lazar|Swifty Lazar]] had run into the gossip columnist [[Louella Parsons]], to whom Lazar had spilled the beans. Sinatra then cut Bacall off and went to [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]. Pressed by interviewer Michael Parkinson to talk about her marriage to Bogart, and asked about her notable reluctance to do so, she replied that "being a widow is not a profession".<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKw4CJgYb8s Lauren Bacall interview on Parkinson]. [[YouTube]], August 13, 2014.</ref>

Bacall was married to actor [[Jason Robards, Jr.]] from 1961 to 1969. According to Bacall's autobiography, she divorced Robards mainly because of his alcoholism.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lauren Bacall|title=By Myself and Then Some|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|location=New York|isbn=0061127914|page=377|edition=Harper paperback ed.|date=October 31, 2006}}</ref>

Bacall had a son and daughter with Bogart and a son with Robards. Her children with Bogart are her son Stephen Humphrey Bogart (born January 6, 1949), a news producer, [[documentary film]] maker and author; and her daughter Leslie Bogart (born August 23, 1952), a [[yoga]] instructor. [[Sam Robards]] (born December 16, 1961), her son with Robards, is an actor.

She wrote two autobiographies, ''Lauren Bacall By Myself'' (1978) and ''Now'' (1994).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lauren Bacall|title=Lauren Bacall: By Myself|date=October 12, 1985|publisher=[[Ballantine Books]]|isbn=0345333217|accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Lauren Bacall|title=Now|date=November 29, 1995|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|isbn=0345402324|edition=1st Ballantine Books ed.}}</ref> In 2006, the first volume of ''Lauren Bacall By Myself'' was reprinted as ''By Myself and Then Some'' with an extra chapter.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lauren Bacall|title=By Myself and Then Some|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|location=New York|isbn=0061127914|edition=Harper paperback ed.|date=October 31, 2006}}</ref>

===Political views===
[[File:Lauren Bacall with Vice President Truman.jpg|thumb|right|Vice President [[Harry S Truman]] plays the piano while Bacall sits atop it at the [[National Press Club]] Canteen. (February 10, 1945)]]

Bacall was a staunch liberal Democrat. She proclaimed her political views on numerous occasions. In October 1947, Bacall and Bogart traveled to Washington, D.C., along with other Hollywood stars, in a group that called itself the [[Committee for the First Amendment]] (CFA). She appeared alongside Humphrey Bogart in a photograph printed at the end of an article he wrote, titled "I'm No Communist", in the May 1948 edition of ''[[Photoplay]]'' magazine,<ref>{{cite web|author1=Humphy Bogart|title=Photoplay, March 1948|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1khEGRvkO_nTSne4jDqCdtJ9aCXcPjhQaxVMExAVE_pk/preview?pli=1|publisher=Google Docs|accessdate=August 13, 2014|quote=I'm no communist}}</ref> written to counteract negative publicity resulting from his appearance before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]]. Bogart and Bacall distanced themselves from the [[Hollywood Ten]] and said: "We're about as much in favor of Communism as J. Edgar Hoover."<ref name="GordonGordon1987">{{cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=Lois G.|last2=Gordon|first2=Alan|title=American Chronicle: Six Decades in American Life, 1920-1980|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3oB1AAAAMAAJ|accessdate=August 13, 2014|year=1987 |page=267|publisher=Atheneum|isbn=9780689118999}}</ref>

She campaigned for Democratic candidate [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]] in the 1952 Presidential election and for [[Robert Kennedy]] in his 1964 run for the U.S. Senate. In a 2005 interview with [[Larry King]], Bacall described herself as "anti-Republican... A liberal. The L-word." She added that "being a liberal is the best thing on earth you can be. You are welcoming to everyone when you're a liberal. You do not have a small mind."<ref>{{cite web|title=CNN LARRY KING LIVE: Interview with Lauren Bacall|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0505/06/lkl.01.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=May 6, 2005}}</ref>

===Death===
Bacall suffered a massive stroke on August 12, 2014, at her longtime home in [[The Dakota]], the [[Upper West Side]] apartment building overlooking [[Central Park]] in Manhattan. She was pronounced dead at New York Presbyterian Hospital.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Mike Barnes|author2=Duane Byrge|title=Lauren Bacall, Hollywood's Icon of Cool, Dies at 89|url=https://www.yahoo.com/movies/lauren-bacall-hollywoods-icon-of-cool-dies-at-89-94579236487.html|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=August 12, 2014}}</ref><ref name="New York Times">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/movies/lauren-bacall-sultry-movie-star-dies-at-89.html?_r=0|title=Lauren Bacall Dies at 89; in a Bygone Hollywood, She Purred Every Word|date=August 12, 2014|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref> She was 89.<ref name="BacallDies">{{cite news|title=Legendary Actress Lauren Bacall Dies at 89|url=http://www.newyorktelegraph.com/index.php/sid/224686889|date=13 August 2014|accessdate=13 August 2014|publisher=''New York Telegraph''}}</ref>

==Dramatization==
In 1980, [[Kathryn Harrold]] played Bacall in the TV movie ''Bogie'', which was directed by [[Vincent Sherman]] and based on the [[novel]] by [[Joe Hyams]]. [[Kevin O'Connor (actor, born 1938)|Kevin O'Connor]] played Bogart. The movie focused primarily upon the disintegration of Bogart's third marriage to [[Mayo Methot]], played by [[Ann Wedgeworth]], when Bogart met Bacall and began an affair with her.

==Awards and nominations==
* 1970 [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical]], ''[[Applause (musical)|Applause]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1970 – 24th ANNUAL TONY AWARDS®|url=http://www.tonyawards.com/en_US/history/ceremonies/200909161253133466921.html|publisher=IBM Corp., Tony Award Productions|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=April 19, 1970}}</ref>
* 1972 [[Sarah Siddons Award]] Actress of the Year
* 1980 [[National Book Award]] in the [[List of winners of the National Book Award#Biography|one-year category: Autobiography]]<ref name=nba1980>[http://www.nationalbook.org/nba1980.html "National Book Awards – 1980"], nationalbook.org; retrieved March 16, 2012.</ref><ref group=lower-alpha>This was the 1980 [[List of winners of the National Book Award#Biography|award for hardcover Autobiography]]. From 1980 to 1983 in [[National Book Award#History|National Book Award history]] there were dual hardcover and paperback awards in most categories, and [[National Book Award for Nonfiction#nonfiction categories|multiple nonfiction subcategories]]. Most of the paperback award-winners were reprints, including the 1980 Autobiography.</ref>
* 1981 [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical]], ''[[Woman of the Year (musical)|Woman of the Year]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1981 – 35th ANNUAL TONY AWARDS®|url=http://www.tonyawards.com/en_US/history/ceremonies/200909161253133768671.html|publisher=IBM Corp., Tony Award Productions|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=June 7, 1981}}</ref>
* 1984 [[Sarah Siddons Award]] Actress of the Year
* 1990 [[George Eastman Award]]<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news|title=Lauren Bacall Receives George Eastman Award|date=November 10, 1990|publisher=The New York Times|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/10/movies/lauren-bacall-receives-george-eastman-award.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=October 25, 2010}}</ref>
* 1992 [[Donostia Award]] (Honorary)
* 1993 [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe]] [[Cecil B. DeMille Award]]<ref name=GGs>{{cite web|title=Lauren Bacall 1 Nomination {{!}} 1 Win {{!}} 1 Special Award|url=http://www.hfpa.org/browse/?param=/member/29502|publisher=Golden Globe Awards; Hollywood Foregin Press Association|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
* 1994 [[National Board of Review Award for Best Cast]], ''[[Prêt-à-Porter (film)|Prêt-à-Porter: Ready to Wear]]''
* 1996 [[Honorary César]]
* 1997 [[47th Berlin International Film Festival|Berlin International Film Festival]], Berlinale Camera<ref name="Berlinale">{{cite web |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1997/03_preistr_ger_1997/03_Preistraeger_1997.html|title=Berlinale: 1997 Prize Winners|accessdate=January 14, 2012|work=Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin}}</ref>
* 1997 [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]], ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=The 3rd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards|url=http://www.sagawards.org/awards/nominees-and-recipients/3rd-annual-screen-actors-guild-awards|publisher=SAG-AFTRA|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
* 1997 [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture]], ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]''<ref name=GGs/>
* 1997 [[San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress]], ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]''
* 1997 [[Kennedy Center Honors]]
* 2000 [[Stockholm International Film Festival]] Lifetime Achievement Award
* 2007 [[Norwegian International Film Festival]] Lifetime Achievement Award
* 2009 [[Academy Honorary Award]] in recognition of her central place in the golden age of motion pictures.<ref name=Academy>{{cite web|title=82nd Academy Award Winners|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1407884436764|publisher=Oscars|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=2009}}</ref>

;Nominations
* 1977 [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]], ''[[The Shootist]]''<ref name=BAFTA>{{cite web|title=Lauren Bacall Search Results|url=http://www.bafta.org/search.html?q=lauren%20bacall&w=true|publisher=BAFTAs|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
* 1980 [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series]], ''[[The Rockford Files]]''
* 1997 [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role]], ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]''<ref name=BAFTA/>
* 1997 [[Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role]], ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=69th Academy Award Winners|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1407884600760|publisher=Oscars|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=1996}}</ref>

In 1991, Bacall was honored with a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1724 Vine Street. In 1997, a Golden Palm Star on the [[Palm Springs, California]], [[Palm Springs Walk of Stars|Walk of Stars]] was dedicated to her.<ref>{{cite web|title=LISTED BY DATE DEDICATED|url=http://www.palmspringswalkofstars.com/web-storage/Stars/Stars%20dedicated%20by%20date.pdf|publisher=Palm Spring Walk of Stars|accessdate=August 13, 2014|quote=Palm Springs Walk of Stars: Lauren Bacall star, 135 E. Tahquitz Canyon Way}}</ref> In 1998, Bacall was inducted into the [[American Theater Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Notes for Lauren Bacall|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/7670{{!}}96017/Lauren-Bacall/notes.html|publisher=TCM|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>

==In popular culture==

===In books===
* Bacall is featured in ''The Dakota Scrapbook'', a book about the history of the building and residents of the Dakota apartment building in New York City.<ref>{{cite book|author1=The Cardinals|title=The Dakota Scrapbook: Volume 1. Exterior|date=April 1, 2014|publisher=Campfire Publishing|isbn=0970081510|edition=1st|url=http://www.amazon.com/The-Dakota-Scrapbook-Volume-Exterior/dp/0970081510|deadurl=no|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>

===In cartoons===
* Bacall and Bogart are parodied in the Warner Brothers [[Merrie Melodies]] short ''Bacall To Arms'' (1946).<ref>{{cite web|title=Bacall to Arms (1946)|url=http://fan.tcm.com/_Bacall-to-Arms-1946/video/1619111/66470.html?createPassive=true|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
* In the last scene of the [[Warner Bros.]] cartoon ''[[Slick Hare]]'' (1947), a caricature of Bacall is shown sitting at a dinner table as [[Bugs Bunny]] [[wolf whistle]]s at her.<ref name="Slick Hare 1947">{{cite web|title=Slick Hare 1947|url=http://fan.tcm.com/_34Slick-Hare34-1947/video/1615751/66470.html|work=TCM Classic Film Union|accessdate=March 15, 2013}}</ref>

===In music===
* Bacall is referenced in the song "Rainbow High", from [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] and [[Tim Rice]]'s musical ''[[Evita (musical)|Evita]]'' (1978).<ref>[http://www.allmusicals.com/lyrics/evita/rainbowhigh.htm Rainbow High Lyrics – "Evita" the musical]. Allmusicals.com (July 26, 1952). Retrieved April 29, 2014.</ref>
* Bacall and Bogart are referenced in [[Bertie Higgins]]' song "[[Key Largo (song)|Key Largo]]" (1981).<ref name=Billboard />
* Bacall is referenced in [[The Clash]]'s song "[[Car Jamming]]" (1982).<ref name=Billboard>{{cite web|author1=Colin Stutz|title=Lauren Bacall Dies: Her Top 5 Pop Song References|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/list/6214475/lauren-bacall-dead-music-references|publisher=Billboard|accessdate=13 August 2014|date=12 August 2014}}</ref>
* Bacall and Bogart are referenced in [[Suzanne Vega]]'s song "Freeze Tag" (1985).<ref name=Billboard/>
* She is referenced in "Vogue" the 1990 Madonna song. Bacall was the only living celebrity mentioned.<ref name=Billboard/>
* She is referenced in [[Bon Jovi]]'s song "Captain Crash & The Beauty Queen From Mars" (2000).<ref>{{cite web|title="Captain Crash & The Beauty Queen From Mars" Lyrics|url=http://www.bonjovi.com/music/39058211345/crush/lyrics/39339602414/captain-crash-the-beauty-queen-from-mars#.UoavseIy47A|publisher=Bon Jovi Official Website|accessdate=August 13, 2014|quote=...Kurt and Courtney, Bacall and Bogie, Joltin’ Joe and Ms. Monroe, Here’s captain crash and the beauty queen from mars.}}</ref>
* She is the subject of the song, "Just Like Lauren Bacall" (2008), written by [[Kevin Roth]].<ref name=Billboard/>
* Bacall and Bogart are referenced in [[Anna Nalick]]'s B-side song "Words" (2010).<ref>{{YouTube|H-k7d4fdlhQ|Anna Nalick –"Words" (NEW Song)}}, November 14, 2010; retrieved April 29, 2014.</ref>

===Marshall Islands namesake===
* The town of [[Laura, Marshall Islands|Laura]] on the island of [[Majuro]] in the [[Marshall Islands]] was named by WWII U.S. forces in reference to Bacall.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marshall Islands|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Marshall_Islands.aspx|publisher=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=13 August 2014|quote=The inhabited islands along the southern side of Majuro Atoll have been joined over time by landfill and a bridge to form a 30-mile road from Rita, on the extreme eastern end, to Laura, at the western end. Both villages were so code-named by U.S. forces in World War II after favorite pinups Rita Hayworth and Lauren Bacall.}}</ref>

==Credits==

===Filmography===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1944
| ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]''
| Marie 'Slim' Browning
| Recorded the songs she sang in the film
|-
| 1945
| ''[[Confidential Agent]]''
| Rose Cullen
|
|-
| 1946
| ''{{sortname|The|Big Sleep|The Big Sleep (1946 film)}}''
| Vivian Sternwood Rutledge
|
|-
| 1946
| ''[[Two Guys from Milwaukee]]''
| Herself
| Uncredited cameo
|-
| 1947
| ''[[Dark Passage (film)|Dark Passage]]''
| Irene Jansen
|
|-
| 1948
| ''[[Key Largo (film)|Key Largo]]''
| Nora Temple
|
|-
| 1950
| ''[[Young Man with a Horn (film)|Young Man with a Horn]]''
| Amy North
|
|-
| 1950
| ''[[Bright Leaf]]''
| Sonia Kovac
|
|-
| 1953
| ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]''
| Schatze Page
|
|-
| 1954
| ''[[Woman's World (film)|Woman's World]]''
| Elizabeth Burns
|
|-
|1955
|''1955 Motion Picture Theatre Celebration''
|
|[[Short film]]
|-
| 1955
| ''{{sortname|The|Cobweb|The Cobweb (film)}}''
| Meg Faversen Rinehart
|
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Blood Alley]]''
| Cathy Grainger
|
|-
| 1956
| ''[[Patterns (film)|Patterns]]''
| Lobby lady near elevators
| Uncredited
|-
| 1956
| ''[[Written on the Wind]]''
| Lucy Moore Hadley
|
|-
| 1957
| ''[[Designing Woman]]''
| Marilla Brown Hagen
|
|-
| 1958
| ''[[The Gift of Love]]''
| Julie Beck
|
|-
| 1959
| ''[[North West Frontier (film)|North West Frontier]]''
| Catherine Wyatt
|
|-
| 1964
| ''[[Shock Treatment (1964 film)|Shock Treatment]]''
| Dr. Edwina Beighley
|
|-
| 1964
| ''[[Sex and the Single Girl (movie)|Sex and the Single Girl]]''
| Sylvia Broderick
|
|-
| 1966
| ''[[Harper (film)|Harper]]''
| Elaine Sampson
|
|-
| 1973
| ''Applause''
| Margo Channing
|
|-
| 1974
| ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]''
| Mrs. Harriet Belinda Hubbard
|
|-
| 1976
| ''{{sortname|The|Shootist}}''
| Bond Rogers
|
|-
| 1978
| ''Perfect Gentleman''
| Mrs. Lizzie Martin
|
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Health (film)|Health]]''
| Esther Brill
|
|-
| 1981
| ''{{sortname|The|Fan|The Fan (1981 film)}}''
| Sally Ross
|
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Appointment With Death (film)|Appointment with Death]]''
| Lady Westholme
|
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Mr. North]]''
| Mrs. Cranston
|
|-
| 1989
| ''John Huston: The Man, the Movies, the Maverick''
|
| Documentary
|-
| 1989
| ''{{sortname|The|Tree of Hands}}''
| Marsha Archdale
|
|-
| 1989
| ''Dinner at Eight''
| Carlotta Vance
|
|-
| 1990
| ''[[Misery (film)|Misery]]''
| Marcia Sindell
|
|-
| 1991
| ''A Star for Two''
|
|
|-
| 1991
| ''[[All I Want for Christmas (film)|All I Want for Christmas]]''
| Lillian Brooks
|
|-
| 1993
| ''[[The Portrait (1993 film)|The Portrait]]''
| Fanny Church
|
|-
| 1993
| ''{{sortname|The|Parallax Garden|nolink=1}}''
|
|
|-
| 1993
| ''{{sortname|A|Foreign Field}}''
| Lisa
|
|-
| 1994
| ''[[Prêt-à-Porter (film)|Prêt-à-Porter: Ready to Wear]]''
| Slim Chrysler
|
|-
| 1995
| ''[[From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler (1995 film)|From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler]]''
| Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
|
|-
| 1996
| ''{{sortname|The|Mirror Has Two Faces}}''
| Hannah Morgan
|
|-
| 1996
| ''[[My Fellow Americans]]''
| Margaret Kramer
|
|-
| 1997
| ''Day and Night''
| Sonia
|
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Get Bruce]]''
|
| Documentary
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Too Rich: The Secret Life of Doris Duke]]''
| [[Doris Duke]] (elderly)
|TV film
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Madeline: Lost in Paris]]''
| Madame Lacroque (voice)
|
|-
| 1999
| ''{{sortname|The|Venice Project}}''
| Countess Camilla Volta
|
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Presence of Mind]]''
| Mado Remei
|
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Diamonds (1999 film)|Diamonds]]''
| Sin-Dee
|
|-
| 1999
| ''{{sortname|A|Conversation with Gregory Peck|nolink=1}}''
|
| Documentary
|-
| 2003
| ''{{sortname|The|Limit|The Limit (2003 film)}}'' (a.k.a. ''Gone Dark'')
| May Markham
|
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Dogville]]''
| Ma Ginger
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Howl's Moving Castle (film)|Howl's Moving Castle]]''
| Witch of the Waste (voice)
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Birth (film)|Birth]]''
| Eleanor
|
|-
|2004
|''Amália Betrayed''
|
|Short film
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Manderlay]]''
| Mam
|
|-
| 2006
| ''[[These Foolish Things (film)|These Foolish Things]]''
| Dame Lydia
|
|-
| 2007
| ''{{sortname|The|Walker}}''
| Natalie Van Miter
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Eve (2008 film)|Eve]]''
| Grandma
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Goblin King]]''
| The Grand Witch (voice)
|
|-
| 2010
| ''Wide Blue Yonder'' <ref>[http://www.wideblueyonderthemovie.com/ Official Site | Film with Brian Cox & Lauren Bacall]. Wide Blue Yonder Movie. Retrieved April 29, 2014.</ref>
| May
|
|-
| 2010
| ''Firedog''<ref name="Lauren Bacall's Voice as Cat Posche">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/movies/56042088/firedog|website=Hollywood.com|title=Firedog (2014)|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
| Posche (voice)
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[The Forger (2012 film)|The Forger]]''
| Annemarie Sterling
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Ernest & Celestine]]''
|The Grey One (voice)
|
|}

===Television work===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|1953
|''[[What's My Line?]]''
|Mystery Guest / Herself
|3 episodes
|-
|1954
|''[[Light's Diamond Jubilee]]''
|Herself
|TV Movie documentary
|-
|1956
| ''[[Producers' Showcase]]''
|Gabby Maple
|"[[The Petrified Forest]]"
|-
|1956
|''[[Ford Star Jubilee]]''
|Elvira Condomine
|Episode: "Blithe Spirit"
|-
|1963
|''[[Dr. Kildare]]''
|Virginia Herson
|Episode: "The Oracle"
|-
|1978
|''Perfect Gentlemen''
|Mrs. Lizzie Martin
|TV film
|-
|1979
|''[[Rockford Files]]''
|Kendall Warren
|Episode: "Lions, Tigers, Monkeys and Dogs: Part 1 & 2"
|-
|1990
|''A Little Piece of Sunshine''
|Beatrix Coltrane
|TV film
|-
|1993
|''The General Motors Playwrights Theater''
|
|Episode: "The Parallax Garden"
|-
|2006
| ''[[The Sopranos]]''
|Herself
|Episode: "Luxury Lounge"
|-
|2009
|''[[Wonder Pets]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Mitovich|first=Matt|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/wonder-pets-kitt-1005433.aspx |title=Wonder Pets Returns with One of Kitt's Final Performances|publisher=TV Guide |date=April 24, 2009 |accessdate=November 5, 2009}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Family Guy]]''
|Evelyn (voice)
|Episode: "[[Mom's the Word]]"
|}

===Stage appearances===
* ''Johnny 2 x 4'' (1942)
* ''Franklin Street'' (1942)
* ''Goodbye Charlie'' (1959)
* ''[[Cactus Flower (play)|Cactus Flower]]'' (1965)
* ''[[Applause (musical)|Applause]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Wonderful Town]]'' (1977)
* ''V.I.P. Night on Broadway'' (1979) (benefit concert)
* ''[[Woman of the Year (musical)|Woman of the Year]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Sweet Bird of Youth]]'' (1985)
* ''The Players Club Centennial Salute'' (1989) (benefit concert)
* ''[[The Visit]]'' (1995)
* ''Angela Lansbury: A Celebration'' (1996) (benefit concert)
* ''Waiting in the Wings'' (1999)

===Radio===
* ''[[Bold Venture]]'' (1951–52); with Humphrey Bogart. Exact number of episodes recorded is unknown, but upwards of 50.

===Books===
* ''Lauren Bacall by Myself'' (1978)
* ''Now'' (1994)
* ''By Myself and Then Some'' (2005)

==See also==
{{Wikipedia books}}
* [[Humphrey Bogart#Bogart and Bacall|Bogart and Bacall]]
* [[Bogart–Bacall syndrome]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist|3|refs=
<ref name=NewsDeath>{{cite web|title=Lauren Bacall dead at 89 |author=News Corp Australia|date=August 12, 2014|publisher=''News Corp Australia''|accessdate=August 22, 2009|url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/lauren-bacall-dead-at-89/story-fn907478-1227022680399}}</ref>
<ref name=GuardianHeight>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/1999/jan/01/features|work=The Guardian|title=Did Bogie destroy Lauren Bacall?|date=January 1, 1999|accessdate=August 13, 2014|author=Caplan, Nina}}</ref>}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name|0000002}}
* {{Tcmdb name|id=7670}}
* {{AllRovi person|3116}}
* {{worldcat id|lccn-n85-136525}}
* [http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/film/e0016900/lauren_bacall_e01690000000.htm Lauren Bacall biography in cosmopolis.ch]

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Lauren Bacall
|list =
{{Cecil B. DeMille Award 1976–2000}}
{{GoldenGlobeBestSuppActressMotionPicture 1981–2000}}
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture}}
{{TonyAward MusicalLeadActress 1948–1975}}
{{Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s}}
}}
{{Rat Pack}}
{{Tony hosts}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=6818|GND=118505475}}

{{Persondata 
|NAME = Bacall, Lauren
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Betty Joan Perske
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = American actress
|DATE OF BIRTH = 1924-09-16
|PLACE OF BIRTH = The Bronx, New York, U.S.
|DATE OF DEATH = 2014-08-12
|PLACE OF DEATH = New York, New York, U.S.}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bacall, Lauren}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
[[Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Actresses from New York City]]
[[Category:American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni]]
[[Category:American female models]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Romanian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:American Theater Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:American stage actresses]]
[[Category:American voice actresses]]
[[Category:Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]
[[Category:California Democrats]]
[[Category:Cecil B. DeMille Award Golden Globe winners]]
[[Category:Deaths from stroke]]
[[Category:Disease-related deaths in New York]]
[[Category:Jewish American actresses]]
[[Category:Jewish female models]]
[[Category:Kennedy Center honorees]]
[[Category:Models from New York City]]
[[Category:National Book Award winners]]
[[Category:New York Democrats]]
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. contract players]]
[[Category:Writers from New York City]]

Lauren Bacall

2014-08-13T17:59:04Z

84.74.65.113: /* External links */

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Lauren bacall promo photo.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Bacall in the 1940s
| birth_name = Betty Joan Perske
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|9|16}}
| birth_place = {{nowrap|[[The Bronx]], New York, U.S.}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2014|8|12|1924|9|16}}
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[New York City]], New York, U.S.}}
| death_cause = [[Stroke]]<ref name=NewsDeath/>
| nationality = American
| occupation = Actress, model
| height = {{convert|5|ft|9|in|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name=GuardianHeight/>
| spouse = {{ubl|[[Humphrey Bogart]]|(1945–57; his death)|[[Jason Robards]]|(1961–69; divorced)}}
| children = 3 including [[Sam Robards]]
| relatives = [[Shimon Peres]]
| years_active = 1942–2014
| signature = LaurenBacall.png
| module = {{infobox comedian awards|academyawards={{unbulleted list|[[Academy Honorary Award]], 2009}} |afiawards=[[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars]], 1999}}
}}
'''Lauren Bacall''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|ɔr|ə|n|_|b|ə|ˈ|k|ɔː|l}}, born '''Betty Joan Perske'''; September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014) was an American film and stage actress and model, known for her distinctive husky voice and sultry looks.<ref name=CNNDeath />

She first emerged as a [[leading lady]] in the [[Humphrey Bogart]] film ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]'' (1944) and continued on in the [[film noir]] genre, with appearances in Bogart movies ''[[The Big Sleep (1946 film)|The Big Sleep]]'' (1946), ''[[Dark Passage (film)|Dark Passage]]'' (1947), and ''[[Key Largo (film)|Key Largo]]'' (1948), as well as comedic roles in ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'' (1953) with [[Marilyn Monroe]] and ''[[Designing Woman]]'' (1957) with [[Gregory Peck]]. Bacall worked on Broadway in musicals, earning [[Tony Award]]s for ''[[Applause (musical)|Applause]]'' in 1970 and ''[[Woman of the Year (musical)|Woman of the Year]]'' in 1981. Her performance in the movie ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]'' (1996) earned her a [[Golden Globe]] Award and an [[Academy Award]] nomination.

In 1999, Bacall was ranked #20 of the 25 actresses on the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars]] list by the [[American Film Institute]]. In 2009, she was selected by the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] to receive an [[Academy Honorary Award]] "in recognition of her central place in the Golden Age of motion pictures."<ref name=Academy />

Bacall died on August 12, 2014, at the age of 89 after suffering a stroke.<ref name=CNNDeath>{{cite news|author1=Dana Ford|title=Famed actress Lauren Bacall dies at 89|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/12/showbiz/lauren-bacall-dead|publisher=CNN|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=August 12, 2014}}</ref>

==Early life==
Bacall was born '''Betty Joan Perske''' on September 16, 1924, in [[the Bronx, New York]],<ref name=FactsCNN>{{cite news|author1=CNN Library|title=Lauren Bacall Fast Facts|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/24/us/lauren-bacall-fast-facts/index.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=August 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=To Have and Have Not|author=Tyrnauer, Matt|date=March 10, 2011|publisher=''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''|accessdate=October 15, 2011|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2011/03/lauren-bacall-201103}}</ref> the only child of Natalie ([[née]] Weinstein-Bacal), a secretary who later legally changed her surname to Bacall, and William Perske, who worked in sales.<ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/96/Lauren-Bacall.html Lauren Bacall profile], Film Reference.com. Retrieved July 9, 2014.</ref> Both her parents were [[Jews|Jewish]]. Her mother emigrated from [[Romania]] through [[Ellis Island]] and her father was born in New Jersey to [[Poland|Polish]]-born parents.<ref name="Bacall">{{cite book|title=By Myself and Then Some|author=Bacall, Lauren|publisher=''It Books''|date=March 1, 2005|isbn=0060755350}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lyman|first1=Darryl|title=Great Jews in the Performing Arts|date=1999|publisher=J. David|location=Middle Village, NY|isbn=0824604199|page=19|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=bnQHAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Her+mother+had+been+born+in+Romania+with+the%22&dq=%22Her+mother+had+been+born+in+Romania+with+the%22&hl=en}}</ref>

She was a first cousin to [[Shimon Peres]], the ninth [[President of Israel]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Peres: Not such a bad record after all|author=Lazaroff, Tovah|date=November 10, 2005|accessdate=May 13, 2009|work=The Jerusalem Post|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=4397}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shimon Peres Wears Hats of Peacemaker, Schemer|author=Weiner, Eric|date=June 13, 2007|publisher=National Public Radio|accessdate=May 13, 2009|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11020066}}</ref> Her parents divorced when she was five, and she took the Romanian form of her mother's last name, Bacall.<ref name="kwidna">Meyers, Jeffrey (1997), ''Bogart: A Life in Hollywood''. Houghton Mifflin; ISBN 978-0-395-77399-4, p. 164. </ref> She no longer saw her father and formed a very close bond with her mother, who came to live in [[California]] after Bacall became a movie star.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lauren Bacall on Life, Acting, and Bogie|author=Cantrell, Susan|date=July 19, 2009|publisher=''Carmel Magazine''|accessdate=August 22, 2009|url=http://www.carmelmagazine.com/archive/09sp/lauren-bacall.shtml}}</ref><ref name="LIFE">{{Cite book|last=Wickware|first=Francis Sill|title=Profile of Lauren Bacall|pages=100–106|volume=18|publisher=''[[Life (magazine)|LIFE Magazine]]''|date=May 7, 1945|issn=0024-3019}}</ref>

==Career==
===Modelling ===
[[File:BigClinch.jpg|thumb|Bacall with Humphrey Bogart in 1946]]
As a teenage fashion model, she appeared on the cover of ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'' (the cover has since been described as 'iconic'),<ref>[http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/culture-news/news/revisiting-lauren-bacall-in-bazaar REVISITING LAUREN BACALL IN BAZAAR] BY AJESH PATALAY August 13, 2014, [[Harper's Bazaar]]</ref> as well as in magazines such as ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''.<ref>''Lauren Bacall'', by Francis Sill Wickware ''LIFE Magazine'', May 7, 1945, Vol. 18, No. 19</ref> She was noted for her "cat-like grace, tawny blonde hair and blue-green eyes".<ref>''Lauren Bacall'', LIFE January 19, 1948, Vol. 24, No. 3, p. 43.</ref>
[[File:Bacall&Hawks.jpg|thumb|left|[[Howard Hawks]] and Bacall in 1943]]

In 1941, Bacall took lessons at the [[American Academy of Dramatic Arts]], where she was classmates with [[Kirk Douglas]],<ref name="thomas18">Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Kirk Douglas''. Citadel Press, New York, 1991; ISBN 0-8065-1217-2. p. 18</ref> while working as a [[theatre]] usher and [[Model (person)|fashion model]].<ref name=FactsCNN/>

She made her acting debut on [[Broadway theater|Broadway]] in 1942, at age 17, as a walk-on in ''Johnny 2 X 4''. According to Bacall's autobiography, she and a girlfriend won an opportunity in 1940 to meet her idol [[Bette Davis]] at Davis's hotel. Years later, Davis visited Bacall backstage to congratulate her on her performance in ''[[Applause (musical)|Applause]]'', a musical based on the film ''[[All About Eve]]'' in which Davis had starred. According to Bacall's autobiography, Davis told her "You know you're the only one who can play this role." {{citation needed|date=August 2014}}

While she was working as a fashion model, [[Howard Hawks]]' wife [[Slim Keith|Nancy]] spotted her on the cover of Harper's Bazaar magazine.<ref name=independent1>{{cite news|author1=David Thomson|title=Lauren Bacall: The souring of a Hollywood legend|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/lauren-bacall-the-souring-of-a-hollywood-legend-6161923.html|publisher=''The Independent''|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=September 11, 2004}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">(source: interview with Howard Hawks in Peter Bogdanovich's book Who the Devil Made It, p. 327)</ref> and urged Hawks to have her take a [[screen test]] for ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]].'' Hawks had asked his secretary to find out more about her, but the secretary misunderstood and sent her a ticket to [[Hollywood]] for the audition.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

Hawks signed her to a seven-year personal contract, brought her to Hollywood, gave her $100 salary a week, and began to manage her career. Hawks changed her first name to Lauren, and Perske adopted "Bacall", a variant of her mother's maiden name, as her new surname. Nancy Hawks took Bacall under her wing.<ref>A. Sperber and Eric Lax (1997), ''Bogart''. William Morrow & Co.; ISBN 0-688-07539-8, ISBN 978-0-688-07539-2, p. 246.</ref> Nancy dressed Bacall stylishly and guided her in matters of elegance, manners and taste. Bacall was trained to make her voice lower, deeper, and sexier.<ref>Sperber and Lax 1997, p. 245. </ref> In ''To Have and Have Not'', Bacall's character used Nancy Hawks' nickname "Slim" and Bogart used Howard Hawks' nickname "Steve".<ref name="independent1"/>

===Breakthrough===
[[File:Lauren Bacall and Humphrey Bogart - 1945.jpg|thumb|right|Bacall in her first movie, ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]'' with [[Humphrey Bogart]], 1944]]
During screen tests for ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]'' (1944), Bacall was nervous. To minimize her quivering, she pressed her chin against her chest and to face the camera, tilted her eyes upward.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/lauren-bacall-9194111|title=Lauren Bacall profile at|website=Biography.com|publisher=A&E Television Networks, LLC|date=2014|accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref> This effect became known as "The Look", Bacall's [[trademark]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Star in the Making: Lauren Bacall|url=http://www.laurenbacall.com/|publisher=Lauren Bacall Official Website|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Dark passage trailer bogart bacall.JPG|left|thumb|Bacall and [[Humphrey Bogart|Bogart]] in ''[[Dark Passage (film)|Dark Passage]]'']]
On the set, [[Humphrey Bogart]], who was married to [[Mayo Methot]], initiated a relationship with Bacall several weeks into shooting and they began seeing each other. On a visit to the [[National Press Club (USA)|National Press Club]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], on February 10, 1945, Bacall's press agent, chief of publicity at [[Warner Bros.]] Charlie Enfield, asked the 20-year-old Bacall to sit on the piano which was being played by [[Vice-President of the United States]] [[Harry S. Truman]]. {{cn|date=August 2014}}

After ''To Have and Have Not'', Bacall was seen opposite [[Charles Boyer]] in ''[[Confidential Agent]]'' (1945), which was poorly received by the critics. She appeared with Bogart in the [[films noir]] ''[[The Big Sleep (1946 film)|The Big Sleep]]'' (1946) and ''[[Dark Passage (film)|Dark Passage]]'' (1947) and [[John Huston]]'s melodramatic suspense film ''[[Key Largo (film)|Key Largo]]'' (1948) with Bogart and [[Edward G. Robinson]]. She was cast opposite [[Gary Cooper]] in ''[[Bright Leaf]]'' (1950).

===1950s===
[[File:Douglas - Bacall - Horn 1950.jpg|thumb|With [[Kirk Douglas]] in ''[[Young Man with a Horn (film)|Young Man with a Horn]]'' (1950)]]
Bacall turned down scripts she did not find interesting and thereby earned a reputation for being difficult. For her leads in a string of films, she received favorable reviews. In ''[[Young Man with a Horn (film)|Young Man with a Horn]]'' (1950), co-starring [[Kirk Douglas]], [[Doris Day]], and [[Hoagy Carmichael]], Bacall played a two-faced [[femme fatale]]. This movie is often considered the first big-budget [[jazz]] film.{{cn|date=August 2014}}

During 1951–1952, Bacall co-starred with Bogart in the syndicated action-adventure radio series ''[[Bold Venture]]''. In 1953, Bacall starred in the [[CinemaScope]] comedy ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'', a runaway hit.{{cn|date=August 2014}} Billed third under [[Marilyn Monroe]] and [[Betty Grable]], Bacall got positive notices for her turn as the witty gold-digger, Schatze Page.<ref>Movie Reviews: [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/how_to_marry_a_millionaire "How to Marry a Millionaire"], Rotten Tomatoes.com. Retrieved August 13, 2014.</ref> According to her autobiography, Bacall declined {{Why?|date=August 2014}} the coveted invitation from [[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]] to press her hand- and footprints in the theatre's cemented forecourt at the [[Los Angeles]] premiere of the film.

[[File:Bacall,Bogart,Fonda crop.jpg|left|thumb|Bacall, Bogart and Henry Fonda in the television version of ''The Petrified Forest'']]

In 1955, a television version of Bogart's own breakthrough film, ''[[The Petrified Forest]]'', was performed as a live installment of ''[[Producers' Showcase]]'', a weekly dramatic anthology, featuring Bogart as Duke Mantee, [[Henry Fonda]] as Alan, and Bacall as Gabrielle, the part originally played in the 1936 movie by [[Bette Davis]]. Bogart had no problem performing his role live since he had originally played the part on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] with the subsequent movie's star [[Leslie Howard (actor)|Leslie Howard]], who had secured a film career for Bogart by insisting that Warner Bros. cast him in the movie instead of Edward G. Robinson; Bogart and Bacall named their daughter "Leslie Howard Bogart" in gratitude.<ref name="imdb"/>

In the late 1990s, Bacall donated the only known [[kinescope]] of the 1955 performance to The Museum Of Television & Radio (now the [[Paley Center for Media]]), where it remains archived for viewing in New York City and Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Broadcast Museum Seeks TV's Self-History|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/25/arts/broadcasting-museum-seeks-tv-s-self-history.html|accessdate=August 12, 2014|work=New York Times|date=January 25, 1987}}</ref>
[[File:Written on the wind6.jpg|thumb|The 32 year old Bacall, in ''Written on the Wind'', 1956]]
''[[Written on the Wind]]'', directed by [[Douglas Sirk]] in 1956, is now considered a classic tear-jerker.<ref>{{cite web|title=Filmsite Movie Review: Written on the Wind (1956)|url=http://www.filmsite.org/writt.html|publisher=Film Site|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref> Appearing with [[Rock Hudson]], [[Dorothy Malone]] and [[Robert Stack]], Bacall played a career woman whose life is unexpectedly turned around by a family of oil magnates. Bacall states in her autobiography that she did not think much of the role. While struggling at home with Bogart's battle with esophageal cancer, Bacall starred with [[Gregory Peck]] in ''[[Designing Woman]]''.<ref>[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/designing_woman/ Designing Woman @ Rotten Tomatoes.com].</ref> It was directed by [[Vincente Minnelli]] and released in New York on May 16, 1957, four months after Bogart succumbed to cancer on January 14.

Bacall was seen in two more films in the 1950s; the [[Jean Negulesco]]-directed melodrama ''[[The Gift of Love]]'' (1958), in which her co star was [[Robert Stack]], and the adventure film ''[[North West Frontier (film)|North West Frontier]]'' (1959), which was a box office hit.<ref>FOUR BRITISH FILMS IN 'TOP 6': BOULTING COMEDY HEADS BOX OFFICE LIST Our own Reporter, ''The Guardian'' (1959–2003), London (UK), December 11, 1959: p. 4.</ref>

===1960s and 1970s===
Bacall's movie career waned in the 1960s, and she was seen in only a handful of films. On Broadway she starred in ''Goodbye, Charlie'' (1959), ''[[Cactus Flower (play)|Cactus Flower]]'' (1965), ''[[Applause (musical)|Applause]]'' (1970) and ''[[Woman of the Year (musical)|Woman of the Year]]'' (1981). She won [[Tony Award]]s for her performances in the latter two.<ref name="ibdb">{{IBDB name|30584}}</ref>

The few movies Bacall shot during this period were all-star vehicles such as ''[[Sex and the Single Girl (film)|Sex and the Single Girl]]'' (1964) with Henry Fonda, [[Tony Curtis]] and [[Natalie Wood]], ''[[Harper (film)|Harper]]'' (1966) with [[Paul Newman]], [[Shelley Winters]], [[Julie Harris]], [[Robert Wagner]] and [[Janet Leigh]], and ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]'' (1974), with an all-star cast, including [[Ingrid Bergman]], [[Albert Finney]], [[Vanessa Redgrave]], [[Martin Balsam]], and [[Sean Connery]]. In 1964, she appeared in two episodes of [[Craig Stevens (actor)|Craig Stevens]]'s ''[[Mr. Broadway]]'': first in "Take a Walk Through a Cemetery", with then husband, Jason Robards, Jr., and later as Barbara Lake in the episode "Something to Sing About", co-starring future co-star Balsam.<ref name="imdb"/>

For her work in the Chicago theatre, Bacall won the [[Sarah Siddons Award]] in 1972 and again in 1984. In 1976, she co-starred with [[John Wayne]] in his last picture, ''[[The Shootist]]''. The two became friends, despite significant political differences between them. They had previously worked together in ''[[Blood Alley]]'' (1955).<ref name="imdb"/>

===Later career===
During the 1980s, Bacall appeared in the poorly received [[star vehicle]] ''[[The Fan (1981 film)|The Fan]]'' (1981), as well as some star-studded features such as [[Robert Altman]]'s ''[[Health (film)|Health]]'' (1980) and [[Michael Winner]]'s ''[[Appointment with Death]]'' (1988). In 1990, she had a small role in ''[[Misery (film)|Misery]]'', which starred [[Kathy Bates]] and [[James Caan]]. In 1997, Bacall was nominated for a [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for her role in ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]'' (1996), her first nomination after a career span of more than fifty years.<ref name="imdb"/>

She had already won a [[Golden Globe]] and was widely expected to win the Oscar, but lost in an upset to [[Juliette Binoche]] for ''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]''.

Bacall received the [[Kennedy Center Honors]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lyman|first1=Rick|title=A Wind of Gratitude Blows Through the Performing Arts|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/08/arts/a-wind-of-gratitude-blows-through-the-performing-arts.html|accessdate=August 12, 2014|work=New York Times|date=December 8, 1997}}</ref> In 1999, she was voted one of the 25 most significant female movie stars in history by the [[American Film Institute]]. Her movie career saw something of a renaissance and she attracted respectful notices for her performances in high-profile projects such as ''[[Dogville]]'' (2003) and ''[[Birth (film)|Birth]]'' (2004), both with [[Nicole Kidman]]. She was a leading actor in Paul Schrader's ''[[The Walker]]''.<ref name="imdb">*{{IMDb name|0000002}}</ref>

Her commercial ventures in the 2000s included being a spokesperson for the [[Tuesday Morning]] discount chain (commercials showed her in a [[limousine]] waiting for the store to open at the beginning of one of their sales events) and producing a jewelry line with the Weinman Brothers company. She previously was a celebrity spokesperson for [[High Point (coffee)]] and [[Fancy Feast]] cat food. In March 2006, Bacall was seen at the 78th Annual Academy Awards introducing a film montage dedicated to [[film noir]]. She made a cameo appearance as herself on ''[[The Sopranos]]'', in the April 2006 episode, "[[Luxury Lounge]]", during which she was mugged by a masked hoodlum (played by [[Michael Imperioli]]).

In September 2006, Bacall was awarded the first [[Katharine Hepburn]] Medal, which recognizes "women whose lives, work and contributions embody the intelligence, drive and independence of the four-time-Oscar-winning actress", by [[Bryn Mawr College]]'s Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center|url=http://www.brynmawr.edu/hepburn|publisher=[[Bryn Mawr College]]|accessdate=13 August 2014|date=7 February 2013}}</ref> She gave an address at the memorial service of [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]] at the [[Reform Club]] in London in June 2007.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jenkins|first1=Simon|title=Our trigger-happy rulers should have been sent on a crash course in history|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/jun/29/comment.politics1|accessdate=August 12, 2014|work=The Guardian (UK)|date=June 28, 2007}}</ref> She finished her role in ''[[The Forger (2012 film)|The Forger]]'' in 2009.<ref name="V1">{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117999405.html?categoryid=1043&cs=1|title=Hutcherson rounds out 'Carmel' cast|last=McNary|first=Dave|date=February 1, 2009|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=July 9, 2014}}</ref>

Bacall was selected by the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] to receive an Honorary Academy Award. The award was presented at the inaugural [[Governors Awards]] on November 14, 2009.<ref>[http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2009/20090910a.html "Bacall, Calley, Corman and Willis to Receive Academy’s Governors Awards"], Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences (press release), September 10, 2009.</ref>

In July 2013, Bacall expressed interest in taking the starring role in the film ''Trouble Is My Business''.<ref>[http://www.juntoboxfilms.com/projects/trouble-is-my-business#.Ufr57pIsm8A "Trouble Is My Business"], juntoboxfilms.com, July 2013. </ref> In November, she joined the English dub voice cast for [[StudioCanal]]'s animated film ''[[Ernest & Celestine]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/news/ernest-celestine-toon-taps-lauren-bacall-paul-giamatti-william-h-macy-exclusive-1200806834/|title=''Ernest & Celestine'': Toon Taps Lauren Bacall, Paul Giamatti, William H. Macy (exclusive)|last=Keslassy|first=Elsa|date=November 8, 2013|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=July 9, 2014}}</ref> Her final role was in 2014: a guest vocal appearance in the twelfth season ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "[[Mom's the Word]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Breaking News - Tony Award Winner Lauren Bacall Dies at 89|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Breaking-News-Tony-Award-Winner-Lauren-Bacall-Dies-at-89-20140812|publisher=Broadway World|accessdate=13 August 2014|date=12 August 2014}}</ref>

==Personal life==
===Relationships and family===
[[File:Dark_passage_trailer_bacall1.JPG|thumb|left|Bacall starring alongside Humphrey Bogart in 1947]]

On May 21, 1945, Bacall married actor [[Humphrey Bogart]]. Their wedding and honeymoon took place at [[Malabar Farm State Park|Malabar Farm]], [[Lucas, Ohio]]. It was the country home of [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning author [[Louis Bromfield]], a close friend of Bogart. The wedding was held in the Big House. Bacall was 20 and Bogart was 45; thus, she was nicknamed "Baby". They remained married until Bogart's death from [[esophageal cancer]] in 1957. During the filming of ''[[The African Queen (film)|The African Queen]]'' (1951), Bacall and Bogart became friends of [[Katharine Hepburn]] and [[Spencer Tracy]]. She began to mix in non-acting circles, becoming friends with the historian [[Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.]] and the journalist [[Alistair Cooke]]. In 1952, she gave campaign speeches for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] Presidential contender [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]]. Along with other Hollywood figures, Bacall was a staunch opponent of [[McCarthyism]].<ref name="Levy2006">{{cite book|last=Levy|first=Patricia|title=From Television to the Berlin Wall|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RKKRrhJk2z8C&pg=PA27|accessdate=August 13, 2014|year=2006|publisher=Raintree|isbn=9781410917874|pages=27–}}</ref><ref name="KuhnRadstone1990">{{cite book|last1=Kuhn|first1=Annette|last2=Radstone|first2=Susannah|title=The Women's Companion to International Film|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pjqOM04aGJ8C&pg=PA34|accessdate=August 13, 2014|year=1990|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520088795|pages=34–}}</ref>

[[File:Lauren Bacall08.JPG|thumb|Bacall in 1989]]
Shortly after Bogart's death in 1957, Bacall had a relationship with singer and actor [[Frank Sinatra]]. She told [[Robert Osborne]], of [[Turner Classic Movies]] (TCM), in an interview, that she had ended the romance. However, in her autobiography, she wrote that Sinatra abruptly ended the relationship, having become angry that the story of his proposal to Bacall had reached the press. Bacall and her friend [[Irving Paul Lazar|Swifty Lazar]] had run into the gossip columnist [[Louella Parsons]], to whom Lazar had spilled the beans. Sinatra then cut Bacall off and went to [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]. Pressed by interviewer Michael Parkinson to talk about her marriage to Bogart, and asked about her notable reluctance to do so, she replied that "being a widow is not a profession".<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKw4CJgYb8s Lauren Bacall interview on Parkinson]. [[YouTube]], August 13, 2014.</ref>

Bacall was married to actor [[Jason Robards, Jr.]] from 1961 to 1969. According to Bacall's autobiography, she divorced Robards mainly because of his alcoholism.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lauren Bacall|title=By Myself and Then Some|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|location=New York|isbn=0061127914|page=377|edition=Harper paperback ed.|date=October 31, 2006}}</ref>

Bacall had a son and daughter with Bogart and a son with Robards. Her children with Bogart are her son Stephen Humphrey Bogart (born January 6, 1949), a news producer, [[documentary film]] maker and author; and her daughter Leslie Bogart (born August 23, 1952), a [[yoga]] instructor. [[Sam Robards]] (born December 16, 1961), her son with Robards, is an actor.

She wrote two autobiographies, ''Lauren Bacall By Myself'' (1978) and ''Now'' (1994).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lauren Bacall|title=Lauren Bacall: By Myself|date=October 12, 1985|publisher=[[Ballantine Books]]|isbn=0345333217|accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Lauren Bacall|title=Now|date=November 29, 1995|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|isbn=0345402324|edition=1st Ballantine Books ed.}}</ref> In 2006, the first volume of ''Lauren Bacall By Myself'' was reprinted as ''By Myself and Then Some'' with an extra chapter.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lauren Bacall|title=By Myself and Then Some|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|location=New York|isbn=0061127914|edition=Harper paperback ed.|date=October 31, 2006}}</ref>

Bacall and Former Israeli President [[Shimon Peres]] are first cousins, thier fathers being brothers [http://www.jewishjournal.com/hollywood/article/remembering_lauren_bacall_shimon_peres_first_cousin]. In an article dated August 13, 2014, from the [[Jewish Journal]], the author wrote about a conversation he had with Bacall's agent, shortly after Peres became the Prime Minister of Isreal in 1984. The author, Steve North, wrote about reaching out to Bacall's agent for a statement on Peres' rise to power. Bacall declined to comment, stating the two had never met, and she was not close with that side of her family.

===Political views===
[[File:Lauren Bacall with Vice President Truman.jpg|thumb|right|Vice President [[Harry S Truman]] plays the piano while Bacall sits atop it at the [[National Press Club]] Canteen. (February 10, 1945)]]

Bacall was a staunch liberal Democrat. She proclaimed her political views on numerous occasions. In October 1947, Bacall and Bogart traveled to Washington, D.C., along with other Hollywood stars, in a group that called itself the [[Committee for the First Amendment]] (CFA). She appeared alongside Humphrey Bogart in a photograph printed at the end of an article he wrote, titled "I'm No Communist", in the May 1948 edition of ''[[Photoplay]]'' magazine,<ref>{{cite web|author1=Humphy Bogart|title=Photoplay, March 1948|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1khEGRvkO_nTSne4jDqCdtJ9aCXcPjhQaxVMExAVE_pk/preview?pli=1|publisher=Google Docs|accessdate=August 13, 2014|quote=I'm no communist}}</ref> written to counteract negative publicity resulting from his appearance before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]]. Bogart and Bacall distanced themselves from the [[Hollywood Ten]] and said: "We're about as much in favor of Communism as J. Edgar Hoover."<ref name="GordonGordon1987">{{cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=Lois G.|last2=Gordon|first2=Alan|title=American Chronicle: Six Decades in American Life, 1920-1980|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3oB1AAAAMAAJ|accessdate=August 13, 2014|year=1987 |page=267|publisher=Atheneum|isbn=9780689118999}}</ref>

She campaigned for Democratic candidate [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]] in the 1952 Presidential election and for [[Robert Kennedy]] in his 1964 run for the U.S. Senate. In a 2005 interview with [[Larry King]], Bacall described herself as "anti-Republican... A liberal. The L-word." She added that "being a liberal is the best thing on earth you can be. You are welcoming to everyone when you're a liberal. You do not have a small mind."<ref>{{cite web|title=CNN LARRY KING LIVE: Interview with Lauren Bacall|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0505/06/lkl.01.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=May 6, 2005}}</ref>

===Death===
Bacall died of a stroke on August 12, 2014, at her longtime home in [[The Dakota]], an Upper West Side apartment building overlooking Central Park in Manhattan.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Mike Barnes|author2=Duane Byrge|title=Lauren Bacall, Hollywood's Icon of Cool, Dies at 89|url=https://www.yahoo.com/movies/lauren-bacall-hollywoods-icon-of-cool-dies-at-89-94579236487.html|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=August 12, 2014}}</ref><ref name="New York Times">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/movies/lauren-bacall-sultry-movie-star-dies-at-89.html?_r=0|title=Lauren Bacall Dies at 89; in a Bygone Hollywood, She Purred Every Word|date=August 12, 2014|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>

==Dramatization==
In 1980, [[Kathryn Harrold]] played Bacall in the TV movie ''Bogie'', which was directed by [[Vincent Sherman]] and based on the [[novel]] by [[Joe Hyams]]. [[Kevin O'Connor (actor, born 1938)|Kevin O'Connor]] played Bogart. The movie focused primarily upon the disintegration of Bogart's third marriage to [[Mayo Methot]], played by [[Ann Wedgeworth]], when Bogart met Bacall and began an affair with her.

==Awards and nominations==
* 1970 [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical]], ''[[Applause (musical)|Applause]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1970 - 24th ANNUAL TONY AWARDS®|url=http://www.tonyawards.com/en_US/history/ceremonies/200909161253133466921.html|publisher=IBM Corp., Tony Award Productions|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=April 19, 1970}}</ref>
* 1972 [[Sarah Siddons Award]] Actress of the Year
* 1980 [[National Book Award]] in the [[List of winners of the National Book Award#Biography|one-year category: Autobiography]]<ref name=nba1980>[http://www.nationalbook.org/nba1980.html "National Book Awards – 1980"], [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved March 16, 2012.</ref><ref group=lower-alpha>This was the 1980 [[List of winners of the National Book Award#Biography|award for hardcover Autobiography]]. From 1980 to 1983 in [[National Book Award#History|National Book Award history]] there were dual hardcover and paperback awards in most categories, and [[National Book Award for Nonfiction#nonfiction categories|multiple nonfiction subcategories]]. Most of the paperback award-winners were reprints, including the 1980 Autobiography.</ref>
* 1981 [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical]], ''[[Woman of the Year (musical)|Woman of the Year]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=1981-35th ANNUAL TONY AWARDS®|url=http://www.tonyawards.com/en_US/history/ceremonies/200909161253133768671.html|publisher=IBM Corp., Tony Award Productions|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=June 7, 1981}}</ref>
* 1984 [[Sarah Siddons Award]] Actress of the Year
* 1990 [[George Eastman Award]]<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news|title=Lauren Bacall Receives George Eastman Award|date=November 10, 1990|publisher=The New York Times|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/10/movies/lauren-bacall-receives-george-eastman-award.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=October 25, 2010}}</ref>
* 1992 [[Donostia Award]] (Honorary)
* 1993 [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe]] [[Cecil B. DeMille Award]]<ref name=GGs>{{cite web|title=Lauren Bacall 1 Nomination {{!}} 1 Win {{!}} 1 Special Award|url=http://www.hfpa.org/browse/?param=/member/29502|publisher=Golden Globe Awards; Hollywood Foregin Press Association|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
* 1994 [[National Board of Review Award for Best Cast]], ''[[Prêt-à-Porter (film)|Prêt-à-Porter: Ready to Wear]]''
* 1997 [[47th Berlin International Film Festival|Berlin International Film Festival]], Berlinale Camera<ref name="Berlinale">{{cite web |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1997/03_preistr_ger_1997/03_Preistraeger_1997.html|title=Berlinale: 1997 Prize Winners|accessdate=January 14, 2012|work=Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin}}</ref>
* 1997 [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]], ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=The 3rd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards|url=http://www.sagawards.org/awards/nominees-and-recipients/3rd-annual-screen-actors-guild-awards|publisher=SAG-AFTRA|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
* 1997 [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture]], ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]''<ref name=GGs/>
* 1997 [[San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress]], ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]''
* 1997 [[Kennedy Center Honors]]
* 2000 [[Stockholm International Film Festival]] Lifetime Achievement Award
* 2007 [[Norwegian International Film Festival]] Lifetime Achievement Award
* 2009 [[Academy Honorary Award]] in recognition of her central place in the golden age of motion pictures.<ref name=Academy>{{cite web|title=82nd Academy Award Winners|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1407884436764|publisher=Oscars|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=2009}}</ref>

;Nominations
* 1977 [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]], ''[[The Shootist]]''<ref name=BAFTA>{{cite web|title=Lauren Bacall Search Results|url=http://www.bafta.org/search.html?q=lauren%20bacall&w=true|publisher=BAFTAs|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
* 1997 [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role]], ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]''<ref name=BAFTA/>
* 1997 [[Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role]], ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=69th Academy Award Winners|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1407884600760|publisher=Oscars|accessdate=August 13, 2014|date=1996}}</ref>

In 1991, Bacall was honored with a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1724 Vine Street. In 1997, a Golden Palm Star on the [[Palm Springs, California]], [[Palm Springs Walk of Stars|Walk of Stars]] was dedicated to her.<ref>{{cite web|title=LISTED BY DATE DEDICATED|url=http://www.palmspringswalkofstars.com/web-storage/Stars/Stars%20dedicated%20by%20date.pdf|publisher=Palm Spring Walk of Stars|accessdate=August 13, 2014|quote=Palm Springs Walk of Stars: Lauren Bacall star, 135 E. Tahquitz Canyon Way}}</ref> In 1998, Bacall was inducted into the [[American Theater Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Notes for Lauren Bacall|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/7670{{!}}96017/Lauren-Bacall/notes.html|publisher=TCM|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
===In books===
*Bacall is featured in ''The Dakota Scrapbook'', a book about the history of the building and residents of the Dakota apartment building in New York City.<ref>{{cite book|author1=The Cardinals|title=The Dakota Scrapbook: Volume 1. Exterior|date=April 1, 2014|publisher=Campfire Publishing|isbn=0970081510|edition=1st|url=http://www.amazon.com/The-Dakota-Scrapbook-Volume-Exterior/dp/0970081510|deadurl=no|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>

===In cartoons===
* Bacall and Bogart are parodied in the Warner Brothers [[Merrie Melodies]] short ''Bacall To Arms'' (1946).<ref>{{cite web|title=Bacall to Arms (1946)|url=http://fan.tcm.com/_Bacall-to-Arms-1946/video/1619111/66470.html?createPassive=true|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
* In the last scene of the [[Warner Bros.]] cartoon ''[[Slick Hare]]'' (1947), a caricature of Bacall is shown sitting at a dinner table as [[Bugs Bunny]] [[wolf whistle]]s at her.<ref name="Slick Hare 1947">{{cite web|title=Slick Hare 1947|url=http://fan.tcm.com/_34Slick-Hare34-1947/video/1615751/66470.html|work=TCM Classic Film Union|accessdate=March 15, 2013}}</ref>

===In music===
* Bacall is referenced in the song "Rainbow High", from [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] and [[Tim Rice]]'s musical ''[[Evita (musical)|Evita]]'' (1978).<ref>[http://www.allmusicals.com/lyrics/evita/rainbowhigh.htm Rainbow High Lyrics – "Evita" the musical]. Allmusicals.com (July 26, 1952). Retrieved April 29, 2014.</ref>
* Bacall and Bogart are referenced in [[Bertie Higgins]]' song "[[Key Largo (song)|Key Largo]]" (1981).<ref name=Billboard />
* Bacall is referenced in [[The Clash]]'s song "[[Car Jamming]]" (1982).<ref name=Billboard>{{cite web|author1=Colin Stutz|title=Lauren Bacall Dies: Her Top 5 Pop Song References|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/list/6214475/lauren-bacall-dead-music-references|publisher=Billboard|accessdate=13 August 2014|date=12 August 2014}}</ref>
*Bacall and Bogart are referenced in [[Suzanne Vega]]'s song "Freeze Tag" (1985).<ref name=Billboard />
* She is referenced in [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna's]] song [[Vogue (Madonna song)|"Vogue"]] (1990).<ref name=Billboard />
* She is referenced in [[Bon Jovi]]'s song "Captain Crash & The Beauty Queen From Mars" (2000).<ref>{{cite web|title="Captain Crash & The Beauty Queen From Mars" Lyrics|url=http://www.bonjovi.com/music/39058211345/crush/lyrics/39339602414/captain-crash-the-beauty-queen-from-mars#.UoavseIy47A|publisher=Bon Jovi Official Website|accessdate=August 13, 2014|quote=...Kurt and Courtney, Bacall and Bogie, Joltin’ Joe and Ms. Monroe, Here’s captain crash and the beauty queen from mars.}}</ref>
* She is the subject of the song, "Just Like Lauren Bacall" (2008), written by [[Kevin Roth]].<ref name=Billboard />
* Bacall and Bogart are referenced in [[Anna Nalick]]'s B-side song "Words" (2010).<ref>{{YouTube|H-k7d4fdlhQ|Anna Nalick –"Words" (NEW Song)}}, November 14, 2010; retrieved April 29, 2014. </ref>

===Marshall Islands namesake===
* The town of [[Laura, Marshall Islands|Laura]] on the island of [[Majuro]] in the [[Marshall Islands]] was named by WWII U.S. forces in reference to Bacall.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marshall Islands|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Marshall_Islands.aspx|publisher=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=13 August 2014|quote=The inhabited islands along the southern side of Majuro Atoll have been joined over time by landfill and a bridge to form a 30-mile road from Rita, on the extreme eastern end, to Laura, at the western end. Both villages were so code-named by U.S. forces in World War II after favorite pinups Rita Hayworth and Lauren Bacall.}}</ref>

==Credits==
===Filmography===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1944
| ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]''
| Marie 'Slim' Browning
| Recorded the songs she sang in the film
|-
| 1945
| ''[[Confidential Agent]]''
| Rose Cullen
|
|-
| 1946
| ''{{sortname|The|Big Sleep|The Big Sleep (1946 film)}}''
| Vivian Sternwood Rutledge
|
|-
| 1946
| ''[[Two Guys from Milwaukee]]''
| Herself
| Uncredited cameo
|-
| 1947
| ''[[Dark Passage (film)|Dark Passage]]''
| Irene Jansen
|
|-
| 1948
| ''[[Key Largo (film)|Key Largo]]''
| Nora Temple
|
|-
| 1950
| ''[[Young Man with a Horn (film)|Young Man with a Horn]]''
| Amy North
|
|-
| 1950
| ''[[Bright Leaf]]''
| Sonia Kovac
|
|-
| 1953
| ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]''
| Schatze Page
|
|-
| 1954
| ''[[Woman's World (film)|Woman's World]]''
| Elizabeth Burns
|
|-
|1955
|''1955 Motion Picture Theatre Celebration''
|
|[[Short film]]
|-
| 1955
| ''{{sortname|The|Cobweb|The Cobweb (film)}}''
| Meg Faversen Rinehart
|
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Blood Alley]]''
| Cathy Grainger
|
|-
| 1956
| ''[[Patterns (film)|Patterns]]''
| Lobby lady near elevators
| Uncredited
|-
| 1956
| ''[[Written on the Wind]]''
| Lucy Moore Hadley
|
|-
| 1957
| ''[[Designing Woman]]''
| Marilla Brown Hagen
|
|-
| 1958
| ''[[The Gift of Love]]''
| Julie Beck
|
|-
| 1959
| ''[[North West Frontier (film)|North West Frontier]]''
| Catherine Wyatt
|
|-
| 1964
| ''[[Shock Treatment (1964 film)|Shock Treatment]]''
| Dr. Edwina Beighley
|
|-
| 1964
| ''[[Sex and the Single Girl (movie)|Sex and the Single Girl]]''
| Sylvia Broderick
|
|-
| 1966
| ''[[Harper (film)|Harper]]''
| Elaine Sampson
|
|-
| 1973
| ''Applause''
| Margo Channing
|
|-
| 1974
| ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]''
| Mrs. Harriet Belinda Hubbard
|
|-
| 1976
| ''{{sortname|The|Shootist}}''
| Bond Rogers
|
|-
| 1978
| ''Perfect Gentleman''
| Mrs. Lizzie Martin
|
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Health (film)|Health]]''
| Esther Brill
|
|-
| 1981
| ''{{sortname|The|Fan|The Fan (1981 film)}}''
| Sally Ross
|
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Appointment With Death (film)|Appointment with Death]]''
| Lady Westholme
|
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Mr. North]]''
| Mrs. Cranston
|
|-
| 1989
| ''John Huston: The Man, the Movies, the Maverick''
|
| Documentary
|-
| 1989
| ''{{sortname|The|Tree of Hands}}''
| Marsha Archdale
|
|-
| 1989
| ''Dinner at Eight''
| Carlotta Vance
|
|-
| 1990
| ''[[Misery (film)|Misery]]''
| Marcia Sindell
|
|-
| 1991
| ''A Star for Two''
|
|
|-
| 1991
| ''[[All I Want for Christmas (film)|All I Want for Christmas]]''
| Lillian Brooks
|
|-
| 1993
| ''[[The Portrait (1993 film)|The Portrait]]''
| Fanny Church
|
|-
| 1993
| ''{{sortname|The|Parallax Garden|nolink=1}}''
|
|
|-
| 1993
| ''{{sortname|A|Foreign Field}}''
| Lisa
|
|-
| 1994
| ''[[Prêt-à-Porter (film)|Prêt-à-Porter: Ready to Wear]]''
| Slim Chrysler
|
|-
| 1995
| ''[[From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler (1995 film)|From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler]]''
| Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
|
|-
| 1996
| ''{{sortname|The|Mirror Has Two Faces}}''
| Hannah Morgan
|
|-
| 1996
| ''[[My Fellow Americans]]''
| Margaret Kramer
|
|-
| 1997
| ''Day and Night''
| Sonia
|
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Get Bruce]]''
|
| Documentary
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Too Rich: The Secret Life of Doris Duke]]''
| [[Doris Duke]] (elderly)
|TV film
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Madeline: Lost in Paris]]''
| Madame Lacroque (voice)
|
|-
| 1999
| ''{{sortname|The|Venice Project}}''
| Countess Camilla Volta
|
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Presence of Mind]]''
| Mado Remei
|
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Diamonds (1999 film)|Diamonds]]''
| Sin-Dee
|
|-
| 1999
| ''{{sortname|A|Conversation with Gregory Peck|nolink=1}}''
|
| Documentary
|-
| 2003
| ''{{sortname|The|Limit|The Limit (2003 film)}}'' (a.k.a. ''Gone Dark'')
| May Markham
|
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Dogville]]''
| Ma Ginger
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Howl's Moving Castle (film)|Howl's Moving Castle]]''
| Witch of the Waste (voice)
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Birth (film)|Birth]]''
| Eleanor
|
|-
|2004
|''Amália Betrayed''
|
|Short film
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Manderlay]]''
| Mam
|
|-
| 2006
| ''[[These Foolish Things (film)|These Foolish Things]]''
| Dame Lydia
|
|-
| 2007
| ''{{sortname|The|Walker}}''
| Natalie Van Miter
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Eve (2008 film)|Eve]]''
| Grandma
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Goblin King]]''
| The Grand Witch (voice)
|
|-
| 2010
| ''Wide Blue Yonder'' <ref>[http://www.wideblueyonderthemovie.com/ Official Site | Film with Brian Cox & Lauren Bacall]. Wide Blue Yonder Movie. Retrieved April 29, 2014.</ref>
| May
|
|-
| 2010
| ''Firedog''<ref name="Lauren Bacall's Voice as Cat Posche">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/movies/56042088/firedog|website=Hollywood.com|title=Firedog (2014)|accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
| Posche (voice)
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[The Forger (2012 film)|The Forger]]''
| Annemarie Sterling
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Ernest & Celestine]]''
|The Grey One (voice)
|
|}

===Television work===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|1953
|''[[What's My Line?]]''
|Mystery Guest / Herself
|3 episodes
|-
|1954
|''[[Light's Diamond Jubilee]]''
|Herself
|TV Movie documentary
|-
|1956
| ''[[Producers' Showcase]]''
|Gabby Maple
|"[[The Petrified Forest]]"
|-
|1956
|''[[Ford Star Jubilee]]''
|Elvira Condomine
|Episode: "Blithe Spirit"
|-
|1963
|''[[Dr. Kildare]]''
|Virginia Herson
|Episode: "The Oracle"
|-
|1978
|''Perfect Gentlemen''
|Mrs. Lizzie Martin
|TV film
|-
|1979
|''[[Rockford Files]]''
|Kendall Warren
|Episode: "Lions, Tigers, Monkeys and Dogs: Part 1 & 2"
|-
|1990
|''A Little Piece of Sunshine''
|Beatrix Coltrane
|TV film
|-
|1993
|''The General Motors Playwrights Theater''
|
|Episode: "The Parallax Garden"
|-
|2006
| ''[[The Sopranos]]''
|Herself
|Episode: "Luxury Lounge"
|-
|2009
|''[[Wonder Pets]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Mitovich|first=Matt|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/wonder-pets-kitt-1005433.aspx |title=Wonder Pets Returns with One of Kitt's Final Performances|publisher=TV Guide |date=April 24, 2009 |accessdate=November 5, 2009}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Family Guy]]''
|Evelyn (voice)
|Episode: "[[Mom's the Word]]"
|}

===Stage appearances===
* ''Johnny 2 x 4'' (1942)
* ''Franklin Street'' (1942)
* ''Goodbye Charlie'' (1959)
* ''[[Cactus Flower (play)|Cactus Flower]]'' (1965)
* ''[[Applause (musical)|Applause]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Wonderful Town]]'' (1977)
* ''V.I.P. Night on Broadway'' (1979) (benefit concert)
* ''[[Woman of the Year (musical)|Woman of the Year]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Sweet Bird of Youth]]'' (1985)
* ''The Players Club Centennial Salute'' (1989) (benefit concert)
* ''[[The Visit]]'' (1995)
* ''Angela Lansbury: A Celebration'' (1996) (benefit concert)
* ''Waiting in the Wings'' (1999)

===Radio===
*''[[Bold Venture]]'' (1951–52); with Humphrey Bogart. Exact number of episodes recorded is unknown, but upwards of 50.

===Books===
*''Lauren Bacall by Myself'' (1978)
*''Now'' (1994)
*''By Myself and Then Some'' (2005)

==See also==
*[[Humphrey Bogart#Bogart and Bacall|Bogart and Bacall]]
*[[Bogart-Bacall syndrome]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist|3|refs=
<ref name=NewsDeath>{{cite web|title=Lauren Bacall dead at 89 |author=News Corp Australia|date=August 12, 2014|publisher=''News Corp Australia''|accessdate=August 22, 2009|url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/lauren-bacall-dead-at-89/story-fn907478-1227022680399}}</ref>
<ref name=GuardianHeight>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/1999/jan/01/features|work=The Guardian|title=Did Bogie destroy Lauren Bacall?|date=January 1, 1999|accessdate=August 13, 2014|author=Caplan, Nina}}</ref>}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikipedia books}}
*{{Wikiquote-inline}}
*{{Tcmdb name|id=7670}}
*{{AllRovi person|3116}}
*{{worldcat id|lccn-n85-136525}}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/273ee902#p009mxpg Desert Island Discs appearance (March 3, 1979).]
* [http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/film/e0016900/lauren_bacall_e01690000000.htm Lauren Bacall biography in cosmopolis.ch]

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Lauren Bacall
|list =
{{Cecil B. DeMille Award 1976–2000}}
{{GoldenGlobeBestSuppActressMotionPicture 1981–2000}}
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture}}
{{TonyAward MusicalLeadActress 1948–1975}}
{{Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s}}
}}
{{Rat Pack}}
{{Tony hosts}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=6818|GND=118505475}}

{{Persondata 
|NAME = Bacall, Lauren
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Betty Joan Perske
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = American actress
|DATE OF BIRTH = 1924-09-16
|PLACE OF BIRTH = The Bronx, New York, U.S.
|DATE OF DEATH = 2014-08-12
|PLACE OF DEATH = New York, New York, U.S.}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bacall, Lauren}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
[[Category:American Theater Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni]]
[[Category:Actresses from New York City]]
[[Category:American female models]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American stage actresses]]
[[Category:American voice actresses]]
[[Category:American people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Romanian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]
[[Category:California Democrats]]
[[Category:Jewish American actresses]]
[[Category:Jewish female models]]
[[Category:Kennedy Center honorees]]
[[Category:Models from New York City]]
[[Category:National Book Award winners]]
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]
[[Category:New York Democrats]]
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. contract players]]
[[Category:Cecil B. DeMille Award Golden Globe winners]]
[[Category:Deaths from stroke]]
[[Category:Disease-related deaths in New York]]
[[Category:Writers from New York City]]

Nicola Benedetti

2014-08-07T16:52:23Z

84.74.65.113: /* External links */

{{for|the Italian modern pentathlete|Nicola Benedetti (pentathlete)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox musical artist
|name = Nicola Benedetti
|honorific_suffix={{post-nominals|post-noms=MBE}}
|background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
|image = Nicky Benedetti.jpg
|image_size= 220
|caption = Nicola Benedetti at Royal Albert Hall
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|7|20|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[West Kilbride]], [[North Ayrshire]], United Kingdom
|death_date =
|origin =
|nationality = [[British]], ([[Scottish]]) [[Italian]]
|genre = [[Classical music|Classical]]
|occupation = [[Violin]]ist
|years_active = 2005–present
|label = [[Deutsche Grammophon]] [[Universal Classics and Jazz]] [[Decca Records]]
|website = {{URL|http://www.nicolabenedetti.co.uk}}
|associated_acts =
}}
'''Nicola Benedetti''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR-cats|MBE}} (born 20 July 1987) is a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[classical music|classical]] [[violin]]ist.

==Early life and education==
Benedetti was born in [[West Kilbride]], [[North Ayrshire]], to an [[Italy|Italian]] father and a Scottish mother.<ref name=eca>{{Cite news|last=|first=|coauthors=|title=Nicola Benedetti|pages=|publisher=Scotland is the Place|date=|url=http://www.scotlandistheplace.com/stitp/877.1.1205.html|accessdate=2010-09-29}}</ref> She started learning to play the violin at the age of four. At age eight, she became the [[Concertmaster|leader]] of the [[National Children's Orchestra of Great Britain]].<ref>Nicola Benedetti, interviewed during [[BBC Radio 3]] broadcast of [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01lhj5t 2012 BBC Proms] (aired Sunday 5 August 2012)</ref> By the age of nine, she had already passed the eight grades of musical examinations while attending the independent [[Wellington School, Ayr]],<ref> [http://www.classicalsource.com/db_control/db_news.php?id=35 'Violinist Nicola Benedetti Named BBC Young Musician of the Year']. Accessed 21 February 2012.</ref> and in September 1997 began to study at the [[Yehudi Menuhin School]] for young musicians under [[Lord Menuhin]] and [[Natasha Boyarskaya]] in rural [[Surrey]], England.<ref>
[http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendID=70664237 About Nicola Benedetti (MYSPACE MUSIC)] - ''She set her hands on a violin for the first time as a four-year-old Suzuki class member, an experience that reduced the Scottish infant to tears. Nicola's distress proved short-lived, however. Tears of uncertainty swiftly gave way to a passion for playing that propelled her through the eight furlong markers of graded musical examinations by her ninth birthday and onwards in September 1997 to a place at the Menuhin School, an idyllic haven for gifted young musicians set in rural Surrey.''
</ref>

At the end of her first year (1998), she played solo in the school's annual concert at [[Wigmore Hall]], and performed in London and Paris as a soloist in [[Double Violin Concerto (Bach)|Bach's Double Violin Concerto]] (together with [[Alina Ibragimova]]). She played in a memorial concert at [[Westminster Abbey]] celebrating the life and work of [[Yehudi Menuhin]].

==Career==
In 1999, Benedetti performed for the anniversary celebrations at [[Holyrood Palace]] with the [[National Youth Orchestra of Scotland]] in the presence of HRH [[Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex|The Prince Edward]].

In 2000, Benedetti performed with the [[Royal Scottish National Orchestra]] and the [[Scottish Opera]].

She played to the Prince again in 2001 when she performed a concerto with the [[London Mozart Players]] at [[St. James's Palace]]. Subsequent performances followed with the [[City of London Sinfonia]], as well as the [[Royal Philharmonic Orchestra]], Scottish Opera, [[Scottish Chamber Orchestra]], [[Royal Scottish National Orchestra]], etc.<ref>
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/youngmusician/history/winners.shtml 2004 Nicola Benedetti - Violin (BBC)].</ref>

In August 2002, she won the [[United Kingdom's Brilliant Prodigy Competition]], broadcast by [[Carlton Television]]. She left the Menuhin School shortly after, and at the age of 15 began studying privately with [[Maciej Rakowski]], former leader of the [[English Chamber Orchestra]].<ref>
[http://www.straight.com/article/benedetti-makes-music-not-stardom-priority '''Benedetti makes music, not stardom, priority''' by Jessica Werb (straight.com)]
</ref>

In September 2012, she played at the [[Last Night of the Proms]].

In the [[2013 New Year Honours|New Year Honours 2013]] Benedetti was as a appointed [[Member of the Order of the British Empire]] for services to music and charity.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=60367 |date=29 December 2012 |startpage=15 |supp=yes }}</ref>

=="Playing with Passion"==
In spring 2003, Benedetti, invited as a soloist by the [[London Symphony Orchestra]], participated in the recording of the DVD titled "[[Barbie]] of Swan Lake" at [[Abbey Road Studios]]. In October 2003, as the extra feature on this DVD, "Playing With Passion" was filmed and released by [[Mattel]]. [[BBC Scotland]], using this DVD, created a documentary on Benedetti, which was broadcast on television in the U.K. in March 2004.

==BBC Young Musician of the Year==
At the age of 16, she won the [[BBC Young Musician of the Year]] competition in May 2004, performing [[Karol Szymanowski]]'s First Violin Concerto in the final at the [[Usher Hall]] in [[Edinburgh]], with the [[BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra]].<ref>
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/youngmusician/history/winners.shtml BBC Young Musician of the Year competition (BBC)], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3679193.stm Violinist, 16, wins musical title (BBC)]
</ref>
Because of this victory, she won the music section of the Top Scot award in December 2005.<ref>
[http://living.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=603&id=2330682005 Top Scot award ceremony 2005] ([[The Scotsman]], 1 December 2005) - "But the young stars of Scotland were snapping at their heels, with the teenagers Nicola Benedetti and [[Andrew Murray (tennis player)|Andrew Murray]] being awarded prizes for their contributions to music and sport, respectively."</ref>

At the end of 2004, she agreed to a £1m six album recording contract with [[Deutsche Grammophon]]/[[Universal Music Group]] Classics and Jazz.<ref>
[http://www.classicalarchives.com/reviews/instrumental.html SZYMANOWSKI - NICOLA BENEDETTI DEUTSCHE GRAMMOPHON 987 057-7 (CLASSICAL MUSIC ARCHIVES ~ CD Reviews: Instrumental ~)]
</ref>

==Trio==
Aside from solo performances, Benedetti performs in a trio with her boyfriend the German cellist Leonard Elschenbroich, and Russian pianist Alexei Grynyuk.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://lso.co.uk/bbc-radio-3-lunchtime-concert-nicola-benedetti-and-friends-2 | title=BBC Radio Three Lunchtime Concert | publisher=London Symphony Orchestra | accessdate=8 September 2012}}</ref>

==Discography==
===Albums===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Details
! scope="col" colspan="2"| Peak chart positions
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[UK Albums Chart|UK]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official Charts Company|UK Classical]]
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Szymanowski: Violin Concerto No. 1]]''
|
* Released: 1 June 2005
* Label: [[Deutsche Grammophon]]
* Formats: [[Music download|Digital download]], [[Compact Disc|CD]]
| — || 1<ref>[http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050812/news_1c12show.html Violinist Benedetti, 18, to perform in La Jolla (SignOnSanDiego.com, 12 August 2005)] - ''Scottish violinist Nicola Benedetti, who recently turned 18, has already performed for the Queen of England{{sic}}, launched a fancy Web site (www.nicolabenedetti.com) and recorded a CD with the London Symphony that's No. 1 on the BBC Classical Music Charts.''</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto (Nicola Benedetti album)|Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto]]''
|
* Released: 15 May 2006
* Label: Deutsche Grammophon
* Formats: Digital download, CD
| — || 2<ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article1605817.ece Sting adds another string to his bow as Sir Paul takes a bold stride into the world of classics, The Times, 3 April 2007] - ''Full List of Nominations ... Instrumentalist of the Year; [[Alison Balsom]] — [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] / Works for Trumpet & Caprice, [[Leif Ove Andsnes]] — Horizons, and Nicola Benedetti — [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]] / Concerto for Violin''</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Vaughan Williams and Tavener]]''
|
* Released: 24 September 2007
* Label: [[Universal Classics and Jazz]]
* Formats: Digital download, CD
| — || —
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Fantasie (Nicola Benedetti album)|Fantasie]]''
|
* Released: 7 September 2009
* Label: [[Decca Records]]
* Formats: Digital download, CD
| — || 1<ref>[http://www.ayrshirepost.net/entertainment-ayrshire/gigs-music-ayrshire/2009/10/02/nicola-hits-the-top-spot-with-new-album-102545-24812981/ Nicola Hits The Top Spot With New Album]</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''Tchaikovsky and Bruch: Violin Concertos''
|
* Released: 8 October 2010
* Label: Deutsche Grammophon
* Formats: Digital download, CD
| — || —
|-
! scope="row"| ''Italia''
|
* Released: 20 February 2011
* Label: Decca Records
* Formats: Digital download, CD
| — || —
|-
! scope="row"| ''The Silver Violin''
|
* Released: 24 August 2012
* Label: Decca Records
* Formats: Digital download, CD
| 32 || —
|-
! scope="row"| ''My First Decade''
|
* Released: 20 September 2013
* Label: Decca Records
* Formats: Digital download, CD
| — || —
|-
! scope="row"| ''Homecoming - A Scottish Fantasy''
|
* Released: 4 July 2014
* Label: Decca Records
* Formats: Digital download, CD
| 19 || 1
|-
|}

==Honorary degree==
On 27 November 2007, Benedetti was awarded an [[honorary degree|honorary]] [[Doctor of Letters]] degree by [[Glasgow Caledonian University]]. She is one of the youngest recipients of such an award. On 23 November 2011, Benedetti received an [[honorary degree| honorary]] degree from the [[University of Edinburgh]].

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2006/05/09/newclassicaltracks/ New Classical Tracks: Nicola Benedetti by Julie Amacher, Minnesota Public Radio 9 May 2006]
*[http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/1093836883-na-plovarne/210522160100027-na-plovarne-s-nicolou-benedetti/bonusy/3815-nicola-benedetti/ On-line video interview for Czech TV (5. 12. 2010)]
* [http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/music/e0016900/nicola_benedetti_violinist_e01690000.htm Nicola Benedetti biography and albums at cosmopolis.ch]

{{BBC Young Musician of the Year}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=119091183}}

{{Persondata
| NAME =Benedetti, Nicola
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =British musician
| DATE OF BIRTH =1 July 1987
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[West Kilbride]], [[North Ayrshire]], United Kingdom
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Benedetti, Nicola}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Child classical musicians]]
[[Category:Italian British musicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:People educated at Yehudi Menuhin School]]
[[Category:People from North Ayrshire]]
[[Category:Scottish classical violinists]]
[[Category:Scottish people of Italian descent]]

Rudebox

2014-07-03T11:51:12Z

84.74.65.113: /* External links */

{{about|the album|the title track|Rudebox (song)}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox album 
| Name = Rudebox
| Type = studio
| Artist = [[Robbie Williams]]
| Cover = Rudebox cover.jpg
| Released = {{Start date|df=yes|2006|10|23}}
| Recorded = 2006; [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]
| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[electropop]], [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Dance music|dance]]
| Length = 73:31
| Label = [[Chrysalis Records|Chrysalis]]
| Producer = [[Candy Flip|Soul Mekanik]], [[Mark Ronson]], [[Pet Shop Boys]], Brandon Christy & Craig Russo, [[William Orbit]], [[Dave Lee (DJ)|Joey Negro]], Jerry Meehan
| Last album = ''[[Intensive Care (album)|Intensive Care]]'' (2005)
| This album = '''''Rudebox''''' (2006)
| Next album = ''[[Reality Killed the Video Star]]'' (2009)
| Misc = {{Singles
| Name = Rudebox
| Type = studio
| Single 1 = [[Rudebox (song)|Rudebox]]
| Single 1 date = 4 September 2006
| Single 2 = [[Kiss Me (Tin Tin song)#Robbie Williams version|Kiss Me]]
| Single 2 date = 10 October 2006
| Single 3 = [[Lovelight]]
| Single 3 date = 13 November 2006
| Single 4 = [[Bongo Bong and Je ne t'aime plus]]
| Single 4 date = January 2007
| Single 5 = [[She's Madonna]]
| Single 5 date = 5 March 2007
}}
}}

'''''Rudebox''''' is the seventh studio album by English singer-songwriter [[Robbie Williams]], released on 23 October 2006 in the United Kingdom.

==Background==
The album features collaborations with [[William Orbit]], [[Mark Ronson]], Soul Mekanik and two collaborations with [[Pet Shop Boys]]: "[[She's Madonna]]" and "We're the Pet Shop Boys". [[Lily Allen]] provides backing vocals on the songs "Bongo Bong and Je ne t'aime plus" and "Keep On". Williams covers five songs on the album: "Louise", a 1984 hit for [[The Human League]], "Kiss Me", the biggest hit for [[Stephen Duffy]], "[[Lovelight]]" by Lewis Taylor, "We're the Pet Shop Boys" by My Robot Friend, and "Bongo Bong and Je ne t'aime plus", by [[Manu Chao]].

Williams himself spoke fondly of the album upon its release; "It has become something on which I've found myself. This is the right direction for me personally, this is what it is. I saw the whole Robbie thing coming to a close as it was, I couldn't make another album like the ones I'd made, and this has just opened up a thousand other doors. What I am excited about now is making more music. I love all the stuff on the album, I love Rudebox, it's a favourite song of mine. I don't know what's gonna happen now, I'm excited about getting it out there, but I'm more excited about making more."<ref>http://www.robbiewilliams.com/news-blogs/rudebox-a-track-by-track-guide-by-robbie-williams</ref>

The album is a mixture of covers and new tracks, in addition to 'Summertime', a song originally written when Williams left Take That and which appeared in the credits of [[Mike Bassett: England Manager|Mike Bassett: England Manager'.]] Receiving a mixed reception from critics, the album reached the top position in fourteen countries including [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]], [[Switzerland]], [[Germany]], [[Mexico]], [[Argentina]], [[Spain]], [[Italy]] and [[Finland]].

==Controversies==
"She's Madonna" was the centre of a tabloid storm after Ashley Hamilton claimed that he came up with part of the song with Williams. Hamilton has claimed he wishes to take the matter to court as he is not credited as a co-writer on the album.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exposay.com/robbie-williams-is-accused-of-stealing-shes-madonna-track/v/3888/ |title=Robbie Williams Is Accused Of Stealing "She's Madonna" Track |publisher=Exposay.com |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref>

Further controversy arose over the track "The 90s", part of which implies that Williams was ripped off by [[Take That]]'s manager [[Nigel Martin-Smith]] after the band failed to make a profit from a European tour. The song raised the ire of Martin-Smith, who demanded that the song be removed from the album.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,4-2006430123,,00.html |title=Online | The Best for News, Sport and Showbiz |work=The Sun |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref> The omitted lyrics were rapped during the break before the second verse.

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
{{Album ratings
| rev1 = [[Allmusic]]
| rev1Score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref name="AM">{{cite web|last=Bush|first=John|title=Rudebox - Robbie Williams {{!}} AllMusic|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=rudebox-r860752/review|pure_url=yes}}|work=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref>
| rev2 = [[BBC Music]]
| rev2Score = (positive)<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|last=Broadfoot|first=Julie|title=BBC - Music - Review of Robbie Williams - Rudebox|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/5w8c|publisher=[[BBC Music]]|accessdate=21 October 2010|date=24 October 2006}}</ref>
| rev3 = ''[[The Guardian]]''
| rev3Score = {{Rating|2|5}}<ref name="Guardian">{{cite web|last=Petridis|first=Alexis|title=CD: Robbie Williams, Rudebox |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2006/oct/20/popandrock.shopping2|work=The Guardian|accessdate=21 October 2010|date=20 October 2006}}</ref>
| rev4 = [[musicOMH]]
| rev4Score = {{Rating|2|5}}<ref name="MOMH">{{cite web|last=Hubbard|first=Michael|title=Robbie Williams - Rudebox |url=http://www.musicomh.com/albums/robbie-williams-5_1006.htm|work=[[musicOMH]]|accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref>
| rev5 = ''[[NME]]''
| rev5Score = {{Rating|8|10}}<ref name="NME">{{cite web|last=Elan|first=Priya|title=Robbie Williams - Robbie Williams: Rudebox - Album Reviews |url=http://www.nme.com/reviews/robbie-williams/8052|work=[[NME]]|accessdate=21 October 2010|date=23 October 2006}}</ref>
| rev6 = ''[[Now (magazine)|NOW]]''
| rev6Score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref name="NOW">{{cite web|last=Davies|first=Evan|title=NOW Magazine // Music // Disc Guide : Pop / Rock|url=http://www.nowtoronto.com/music/story.cfm?content=157864&archive=26,11,2006|work=[[Now (magazine)|NOW]]|accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref>
| rev7 = ''[[The Observer]]''
| rev7Score = {{Rating|2|5}}<ref name="Observer">{{cite web|last=Flynn|first=Paul|title=Robbie Williams, Rudebox |url=http://shopping.guardian.co.uk/music/story/0,,1907090,00.html|work=The Observer|accessdate=21 October 2010|date=15 October 2006}}</ref>
| rev8 = [[PopMatters]]
| rev8Score = {{Rating|7|10}}<ref name="PM">{{cite web|last=Lomas|first=Michael|title=Robbie Williams: Rudebox < PopMatters|url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/robbie-williams-rudebox/|work=[[PopMatters]]|accessdate=21 October 2010|date=16 March 2007}}</ref>
| rev9 = [[Yahoo! Music|Yahoo! Music UK]]
| rev9Score = {{Rating|7|10}}<ref name="Yahoo">{{cite web|last=Webb|first=Adam|title=Robbie Williams Rudebox Album Review, New album reviews and latest album releases on Yahoo! Music|url=http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/061027/33/20u1b.html|publisher=[[Yahoo! Music|Yahoo! Music UK]]|accessdate=21 October 2010|date=3 November 2006}}</ref>
}}

According to review aggregator [[Metacritic]], ''Rudebox'' received an average of 53 out of 100 indicating mixed to average reviews from music critics, based on twelve critiques.<ref name="metacritic">{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/rudebox |title=Rudebox Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More at Metacritic |work=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref>

===Commercial performance===
In the [[United Kingdom]], the album sold 54,667<ref>[http://www.togermano.com/index.php?s=&showtopic=15431&view=findpost&p=197235 U.K. Midweeks 24/10 (Tuesday)]</ref> copies on the day of release, taking the number-one slot on the albums chart midweek. By Wednesday, the album had sold over 75,000 copies.<ref>[http://www.togermano.com/index.php?s=&showtopic=15431&view=findpost&p=204216 Midweeks 24/10 (Wednesday)]</ref> The album debuted at No. 1 on the Official [[UK Albums Chart]], selling over 147,000 copies in its week of release.<ref>[http://www.togermano.com/index.php?showtopic=16893 U.K. Top 75 - 29 October 2006]</ref> Despite reaching the number one spot, sales were far below what was expected by his label EMI, and overall sales were overtaken by his former band [[Take That]]'s ''[[Beautiful World (Take That album)|Beautiful World]]''. However, the album performed better than ''Beautiful World'' outside the UK. The fallout of the album's relative failure led to the firing of two music executives responsible for the album's development.<ref>[http://www.playfuls.com/news_00002485_Can_Robbie_Williams_Escape_Drugs_Demons_To_Save_His_Career.html Can Robbie Williams Escape Drugs Demons To Save His Career?]</ref> As of December 2013, the album had sold 514,457 copies in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jones|first=Alan|title=Sam Bailey scores Xmas No.1 with 148k sales: Official Charts Analysis|url=http://www.musicweek.com/news/read/sam-bailey-scores-xmas-no-1-with-148k-sales-official-charts-analysis/057143|publisher=''[[Music Week]]''|accessdate=25 December 2013|date=23 December 2013}}</ref>

The album was released in the Netherlands on 20 October 2006, on the same day the album was certified platinum as a result of pre-order sales of over 70,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnmusicexperience.com/news/uid_B37A310E-B9C5-4F9E-B458-06B7DDE4AD84.html |title=Album already platinum in the Netherlands |publisher=Msnmusicexperience.com |date=5 May 2009 |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref> In Belgium, the album sold 50,000 copies and went platinum. It was released on 23 October 2006 in [[Australia]] and debuted at number-one, achieving platinum status in its first week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1A50 |title=ARIA Charts |publisher=ARIA Charts |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref> It has since been certified 2× Platinum. 220,000 copies of the album were sold in France on the week of release, as well as 600,000 in Germany. On 8 November 2006, [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]] certified the album 2× Platinum in [[Europe]] with sales of over 2 million copies, making it the fastest platinum selling album of 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/platinum_intro.html |title=IFPI Certifications, November 2006 |publisher=Ifpi.org |date=1 September 2005 |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref> On 20 November 2006, the album reached number-one in [[Mexico]], becoming Williams' first number-one album there. The album was certified platinum there, with sales of over 100,000 copies. ''Rudebox'' became the eighteenth best selling album of 2006 worldwide according to the IFPI.

==Track listing==
{{tracklist
| extra_column = Producer(s)
| writing_credits = yes
| title1 = [[Rudebox (song)|Rudebox]]
| writer1 = R. Williams, D. Spencer, K. Andrews, B. Laswell, B. Collins, C. Aiken, [[Sly and Robbie|R. Shakespeare]], [[Sly and Robbie|S. Dunbar]]
| extra1 = [[Candy Flip|Soul Mekanik]]
| length1 = 4:45
| title2 = Viva Life on Mars
| writer2 = R. Williams, D. Spencer, K. Andrews
| extra2 = Soul Mekanik
| length2 = 4:51
| title3 = [[Lovelight]]
| writer3 = Lewis Taylor
| extra3 = [[Mark Ronson]]
| length3 = 4:03
| title4 = [[Bongo Bong and Je ne t'aime plus]]
| writer4 = [[Manu Chao|M. Chao]]
| extra4 = Mark Ronson
| length4 = 4:48
| title5 = [[She's Madonna]]
| note5 = with [[Pet Shop Boys]]
| writer5 = R. Williams, [[Neil Tennant|N. Tennant]], [[Chris Lowe|C. Lowe]]
| extra5 = Pet Shop Boys
| length5 = 4:16
| title6 = Keep On
| writer6 = R. Williams, C. Heath, [[Stephen Duffy|S. Duffy]]
| extra6 = Mark Ronson
| length6 = 4:19
| title7 = Good Doctor
| writer7 = R. Williams, J. Meehan
| extra7 = Mark Ronson
| length7 = 3:16
| title8 = The Actor
| writer8 = R. Williams, B. Christy, C. Russo
| extra8 = Brandon Christy & Craig Russo
| length8 = 4:05
| title9 = Never Touch That Switch
| writer9 = K. Andrews, D. Spencer
| extra9 = Soul Mekanik
| length9 = 2:47
| title10 = [[Louise (song)|Louise]]
| writer10 = [[Jo Callis|J. Callis]], [[Philip Adrian Wright|P. Wright]], [[Phil Oakey|P. Oakey]]
| extra10 = [[William Orbit]]
| length10 = 4:47
| title11 = We're the Pet Shop Boys
| note11 = with [[Pet Shop Boys]]
| writer11 = My Robot Friend
| extra11 = Pet Shop Boys
| length11 = 4:55
| title12 = Burslem Normals
| writer12 = R. Williams, D. Spencer, K. Andrews
| extra12 = Soul Mekanik
| length12 = 3:50
| title13 = [[Kiss Me (Tin Tin song)|Kiss Me]]
| writer13 = S. Duffy
| extra13 = [[Dave Lee (DJ)|Joey Negro]]
| length13 = 3:15
| title14 = The 80's
| writer14 = R. Williams, J. Meehan
| extra14 = Jerry Meehan
| length14 = 4:17
| title15 = The 90's
| writer15 = R. Williams, J. Meehan
| extra15 = Jerry Meehan
| length15 = 5:33
| title16 = Summertime
| writer16 = R. Williams, A. Genn
| extra16 = William Orbit
| length16 = 5:41
| title17 = Dickhead
| note17 = hidden track
| writer17 = R. Williams, J. Meehan
| extra17 = Jerry Meehan
| length17 = 4:09
}}
{{tracklist
| collapsed = yes
| extra_column = Producer(s)
| writing_credits = yes
| headline = Japanese bonus track
| title18 = Lonestar Rising
| writer18 = R. Williams, K. Andrews, D Spencer
| length18 = 3:55
}}
{{tracklist
| collapsed = yes
| headline = Deluxe edition bonus DVD
| title1 = We Are Not Alone
| note1 = Documentary
| title2 = Rudebox
| note2 = Live at [[Roundhay Park]], [[Leeds]]
| title3 = And Through It All
| note3 = Trailer
}}
{{tracklist
| headline = Special edition bonus DVD: ''The Short Films''
| collapsed = yes
| title1 = The 80s
| title2 = Bongo Bong
| title3 = Goodbye to the Normals
| title4 = Never Touch That Switch
| title5 = Good Doctor: Ingham Infiltrates
| title6 = Kiss Me
| title7 = The Actor
| title8 = Viva Life on Mars
| title9 = £12.50
}}

==Certifications, peaks and sales==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!align="left"|Country
!align="left"|Peak position
!align="left"|Certification
!align="left"|Sales/shipments
|-
|align="left"|Argentina
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=10&PerDesde_AA=2000&PerHasta_MM=10&PerHasta_AA=2007&interprete=robbie+williams&album=&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=O&Tipo=0&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP |title=CAPIF |publisher=CAPIF |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|40,000+
|-
|align="left"|Australia
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/ARIACharts-Accreditations-2006Albums.htm |title=ARIA |publisher=ARIA |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|140,000+
|-
|align="left"|Italy
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|Platinum
| style="text-align:center;"|100,000+
|-
|align="left"|Austria
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.at/edelmetal.php3 |title=IFPI Austria |language={{de icon}} |publisher=Ifpi.at |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|60,000+
|-
|align="left"|Belgium
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| style="text-align:center;"|Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skynet.be/index.html?l1=entertainment&l2=ultratop&l3=charts&chartid=5 |title=IFPI Belgium |publisher=Skynet.be |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|40,000+
|-
|align="left"|Denmark
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/index.php?pk_menu=172 |title=IFPI Denmark |publisher=Ifpi.dk |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|30,000+
|-
|align="left"|[[European Top 100 Albums]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/e3if90bc32271c417b8f2a127c49c6cf1f5 |title=Robbie Williams Debuts Atop Euro Chart |work=Billboard |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2006.html |title=IFPI Platinum Europe Awards 2006 |publisher=Ifpi.org |date=1 September 2005 |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|2,000,000
|-
|align="left"|Finland
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|Platinum<ref>http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/kplista.html?action=vapaa&tyyppi=ulko&haku=albumi&julkaisuntyyppi=albumi&teksti=rudebox</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|33,465+
|-
|align="left"|France
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| style="text-align:center;"|Platinum<ref>[http://www.disqueenfrance.com/certifications/album.asp?suite=4&forme_certif=12&annee=24 Disque En France]{{dead link|date=October 2010}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|200,000+
|-
|align="left"|Germany
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|3× Platinum<ref>[http://www.ifpi.de/wirtschaft/gpergebnis.php?strAktion=suche&txtSuche=Rudebox IFPI Germany]</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|600,000+
|-
|align="left"|Hungary
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| style="text-align:center;"|2× Platinum<ref>[http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=arany_es_platinalemezek&menu2=adatbazis&ev=2007 MAHASZ]</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|20,000+
|-
|align="left"|Ireland
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|author=Jaclyn Ward - Fireball Media Ltd. - http://www.fireballmedia.ie |url=http://irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum06.htm |title=IRMA |publisher=Irishcharts.ie |date=1 October 1962 |accessdate=2010-10-21}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|30,000+
|-
|align="left"|Mexico
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|Platinum<ref>[http://amprofon.com.mx/certificaciones.php?artista=robbie+williams&titulo=rudebox&disquera=&certificacion=todas&anio=todos&categoria=todas&Submitted=Buscar&item=menuCert&contenido=buscar AMPROFON]</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|100,000+
|-
| [[Polish Music Charts|Polish Albums Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=342&lang=en|title=OLiS: sales for the period 23.10.2006 - 29.10.2006|publisher=[[OLiS]]}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|23
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|align="left"|Portugal
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| style="text-align:center;"|Gold<ref>[http://www.artistas-espectaculos.com/topafp.php AFP – Week 49 Year 2006]</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|10,000+
|-
|align="left"|Russia
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|Gold<ref>[http://2m-online.ru/gold_n_platinum/detail.php?COUNTRY=5076]</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|10,000+
|-
|align="left"|Spain
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|Gold<ref>[http://www.Promusicae – 2006 Certifications]</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|40,000+
|-
|align="left"|Sweden
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| style="text-align:center;"|Gold<ref>[http://www.ifpi.se/goldplatinum.aspx IFPI Sweden – 2006 Certifications]</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|30,000+
|-
|align="left"|Switzerland
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|2× Platinum<ref>[http://www.swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=rudebox IFPI Switzerland]</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|60,000+
|-
|align="left"|United Kingdom
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|2× Platinum<ref>[http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=32726 BPI]</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|600,000+
|}
{{col-2}}

===End-of-year charts===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Country
! Chart
! Rank
|-
| 2007
| Germany
| IFPI
| #70<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.de/charts/Album_Jahrescharts_2007 |title=Album Jahrescharts 2007 |year=2007 |publisher=[[MTV]] Networks Germany |location=Berlin |at= |language=German |trans_title= |arxiv= |asin= |doibroken= |isbn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090506003238/http://www.mtv.de/charts/Album_Jahrescharts_2007 |archivedate=6 May 2009 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2012-02-25 }}</ref>
|}
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.rudebox74.com/flash.html Official web page]
*[http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/music/74/robbie_williams_rudebox.htm Rudebox details in cosmopolis.ch]

{{Robbie Williams}}

[[Category:2006 albums]]
[[Category:Robbie Williams albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Mark Ronson]]
[[Category:Albums produced by William Orbit]]