https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=87.19.225.34Wikipedia - User contributions [en]2024-11-16T03:36:20ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.3https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Checkmate_pattern&diff=1063205553Checkmate pattern2022-01-01T21:08:03Z<p>87.19.225.34: /* Anastasia's mate */ change ina sentence</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Chess patterns}}<br />
[[File:CheckmateProper.jpg|right|thumb|Checkmate]]<br />
In [[chess]], several '''checkmate patterns''' occur frequently enough to have acquired specific names in chess commentary. The diagrams that follow show these [[checkmate]]s with [[White and Black in chess|White]] checkmating Black.<br />
{{AN chess}}<br />
<br />
==Anastasia's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | |nl| |pd|kd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |rl<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Anastasia's mate}}<br />
In '''Anastasia's mate''', a [[knight (chess)|knight]] and [[rook (chess)|rook]] team up to trap the opposing king between the side of the board on one side and a friendly piece on the other. Often, the queen is first sacrificed along the a-file or h-file to achieve the position. This checkmate gets its name from the novel ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel'' by [[Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse]],<ref>The original "Anastasia's mate" appeared in: Wilhelm Heinse, ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel: Briefe aus Italien vom Verfasser des Ardinghello'' [Anastasia and Chess: Letters from Italy by the author of ''Ardinghello''] (Frankfurt am Main, (Germany): Tarrentrapp und Wenner, 1803), [https://books.google.com/books?id=LrBAAAAAcAAJ&hl=en&pg=PA211#v=onepage&q&f=false volume 2, pages 211–213.]<br><br />
The original "Anastasia's mate" is reproduced in modern notion with illustrations, in: Wilhelm Heinse, ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel … '' (Hamburg, Germany: Jens-Erik Rudolph Verlag, 2010), [https://books.google.com/books?id=3tvTGSgcjmkC&hl=en&pg=PA162#v=onepage&q&f=false page 162, example 2.]<br><br />
Note: Nowadays, "Anastasia's mate" refers to a mate in which the checkmated king is on an edge of the board or in a corner of the board, whereas in the original mate, the king was near the center of the board.</ref><ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 83.</ref><br />
but the novelist took the chess position from an essay by [[Giambattista Lolli]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Anderssen's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |kd|rl<br />
| | | | | | |pl| <br />
| | | | | |kl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | || | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Anderssen's mate}}<br />
In '''Anderssen's mate''' (named for [[Adolf Anderssen]]), the rook or [[queen (chess)|queen]] is supported by a diagonally attacking piece such as a [[pawn (chess)|pawn]] or [[bishop (chess)|bishop]] as it checkmates the opposing king along the eighth rank.<br />
<br />
Sometimes a distinction is drawn between Anderssen's mate, where the rook is supported by a pawn (which itself is supported by another piece, as in the diagram), and '''Mayet's mate''', where the rook is supported by a distant bishop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Famous Checkmates|url=http://chesslessons4beginners.com/lesson_8_famous_checkmates_4.htm|work=Chess Lessons For Beginners|publisher=chesslessons4beginners.com|access-date=29 December 2013|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233321/http://chesslessons4beginners.com/lesson_8_famous_checkmates_4.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Arabian mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | |rl<br />
| | | | | |nl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Arabian mate}}<br />
In the '''Arabian mate''', the knight and the rook team up to trap the opposing king on a corner of the board. The rook sits on a square adjacent to the king both to prevent escape along the diagonal and to deliver checkmate while the knight sits two squares away diagonally from the king to prevent escape on the square next to the king and to protect the rook.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 182.</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to being among the most common mating patterns, the Arabian mate is also an important topic in the context of [[history of chess]] for being mentioned in an ancient Arabic manuscript dating from the 8th century CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacEnulty |first1=David |title=My First Book of Checkmate |date=2015 |publisher=Russell Enterprises, Inc. |isbn=9781936490479 |url=https://www.scribd.com/book/266938632/My-First-Book-of-Checkmate-Workbook |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> The pattern is also derived from an [[shatranj|older form of chess]] in which the knight and the rook were the two most powerful pieces in the game, before chess had migrated to Europe and the queen given its current powers of movement.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Back-rank mate==<br />
{{main|back-rank mate}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |rl| | |kd|<br />
| | | | | |pd|pd|pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal back-rank mate}}<br />
The [[back-rank mate]] occurs when a rook or queen checkmates a king that is blocked in by its own pieces (usually pawns) on the first or eighth rank.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Balestra mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |kd|<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | |bl| | |ql<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal balestra mate}}<br />
The '''balestra mate''' involves a queen cutting off the king's escape both diagonally and vertically whilst having a bishop deliver checkmate.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Bishop and knight mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | |bl|kl|nl<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal bishop and knight mate}}<br />
The '''bishop and knight''' mate is one of the four [[Basic checkmate|basic checkmates]] and occurs when the king works together with a bishop and knight to force the opponent king to the corner of the board. The bishop and knight endgame can be difficult to master: some positions may require up to 34 moves of perfect play before checkmate can be delivered.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Blackburne's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | | | | |bl<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |nl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |bl| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Blackburne's mate}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd <br />
| | | | | |bl| |<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |nl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |bl| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An alternative version of Blackburne's mate}}<br />
'''Blackburne's mate''' is named for [[Joseph Henry Blackburne]] and is a rare method of checkmating. The checkmate utilizes enemy pieces (typically a rook) and/or the edge of the board, together with a friendly knight, to confine the enemy king's sideways escape, while a friendly bishop pair takes the remaining two diagonals off from the enemy king.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 94.</ref> Threatening Blackburne's mate, which sometimes goes in conjunction with a queen sacrifice, can be used to weaken Black's position.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Blind swine mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
| <br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| White mates in 3 moves<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| |rl| | |rl| |pd|pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| Position prior to a blind swine mate<br />
}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| An archetypal blind swine mate <br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | | | |rl|rl<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| Final position after 3 moves}}<br />
|}<br />
The '''blind swine mate''' pattern's name is attributed to Polish master [[Dawid Janowski]] who referred to {{chessgloss|doubled rooks}} on a player's 7th rank as "swine".<ref>MacEnulty, David, ''The Chess Kid's Book of Checkmate'', chap. 21 – The Blind Swine Checkmate, pp. 29–30, Random House Puzzles & Games, 2004, {{ISBN|0812935942}}, 9780812935943</ref> <br />
In the first diagram with White to play, White can force checkmate as follows: <br />
:'''1. Rxg7+ Kh8'''<br />
:'''2. Rxh7+ Kg8'''<br />
:'''3. Rbg7#'''<br />
<br />
For this type of mate, the rooks on White's 7th rank can start on any two files from ''a'' to ''e'', and although black pawns are commonly present as shown, they are not necessary to deliver the mate. The second diagram shows the final position after checkmate. (In the book ''My System'', Nimzowitsch refers to this type of mate as: "The seventh rank, absolute.") <br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Boden's mate==<br />
{{main|Boden's mate}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | |kd|rd| | | | <br />
| | | |pd| | | | <br />
|bl| | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | |bl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Boden's mate}}<br />
[[Boden's mate]] involves two attacking bishops on criss-crossing diagonals delivering checkmate to a king obstructed by friendly pieces, usually a rook and a pawn.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 89.</ref><ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1262425 R. Schulder vs. Samuel Boden] (London, 1853).</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Corner mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | |nl| |pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |rl| <br />
|An archetypal corner mate}}<br />
The '''corner mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It works by confining the king to the corner using a rook or queen with a pawn blocking the final escape square and using a minor piece to engage the checkmate.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Damiano's bishop mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | |kd| | <br />
| | | | | |ql| | <br />
| | | | | | |bl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Damiano's bishop mate}}<br />
'''Damiano's bishop mate''' is a classic method of checkmating. The checkmate utilizes a queen and bishop, where the bishop is used to support the queen and the queen is used to engage the checkmate. The checkmate is named after [[Pedro Damiano]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Damiano's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | | | |pd|ql<br />
| | | | | | |pl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Damiano's mate}}<br />
'''Damiano's mate''' is a classic method of checkmating and one of the oldest. It works by confining the king with a pawn and using a queen to execute the checkmate. Damiano's mate is often arrived at by first [[sacrifice (chess)|sacrificing]] a rook on the h-file, then checking the king with the queen on the a-file or h-file, and then moving in for the mate. The checkmate was first published by [[Pedro Damiano]] in 1512.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 136.</ref> In Damiano's publication he failed to place the white king on the [[chessboard|board]] which resulted in it not being entered into many chess databases due to their rejection of illegal positions.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Double bishop mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
| <br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | |pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | |bl| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | |bl| | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal double bishop mate}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | |bl| | | | |<br />
| | | | | |pd| | <br />
| | | | |kd|pl| | <br />
| | | | |bl| | | <br />
| | | |kl| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An alternate pattern for the double bishop mate}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The '''double bishop mate''' is a classic method of checkmating. It is similar to [[Boden's mate]], but the two bishops are placed on parallel diagonals. The escape squares are occupied or controlled by enemy pieces.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Double knight mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
| <br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| White mates in 2 moves<br />
| |kd|nd| | | | | <br />
|pd|pd|pd| | | | | <br />
| | | | |nl|nl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| Position prior to being mated<br />
}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| Final position<br />
|kd| |nd| | | | | <br />
|pd|pd|nl|nl| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|A possible double knight mate}}<br />
|}<br />
The '''double knight mate''' usually involves a king being trapped behind a pawn or a group of pawns in front of it and blocked by a piece to the side. The king is then checked by a knight and forced into a position in which it can be checkmated by the other knight.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Dovetail mate (Cozio's mate)==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|+ An archetypal dovetail mate<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |ql| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |pd|kd<br />
| | | | | |qd| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |kl| <br />
| After 1.Qh6+, Black is forced to play 1...Kg3.<br />
}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |pd| <br />
| | | | | |qd|kd| <br />
| | | | | | | |ql<br />
| | | | | | |kl| <br />
|White then checkmates with 2.Qh2#.<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
The '''dovetail mate''' is a common method of checkmating, and is also known as '''Cozio's mate''', named after a study by [[Carlo Cozio]], published in 1766. It involves trapping the black king in the pattern shown. It does not matter how the queen is supported and it does not matter which type Black's other two pieces are so long as neither is an unpinned knight. See also [[#Swallow's tail mate (guéridon mate)|Swallow's tail mate]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Epaulette mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |rd|kd|rd| | <br />
| | | | | | | |ql <br />
| | | | |kl| | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|Polgár, No. 127: mate in one, White to move. The solution, 1. Qe7#, is an epaulette mate}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd|rd <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |ql| | | | |kl| <br />
|Polgár, No. 193: mate in one, White to move. The solution, 1. Qg6#, is another epaulette mate}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The '''epaulette mate''' is, in its broadest definition, a [[checkmate]] where two parallel retreat squares for a [[Check (Chess)|checked]] king are occupied by its own pieces, preventing its escape.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 46.</ref> The most common epaulette mate involves the king on its [[glossary of chess#Back ranks|back rank]], trapped between two rooks.<ref name="about">[http://www.mark-weeks.com/aboutcom/aa03e24.htm " Checkmates with Names"], Mark Weeks, About.com: Chess</ref> The perceived visual similarity between the rooks and ''[[epaulette]]s'', ornamental shoulder pieces worn on [[military uniform]]s, gives the checkmate its name.<ref name="about"/> In a compendium of problems by [[László Polgár]], two elementary mate-in-one problems were given, with the solutions being epaulette mates.<ref name="Polgár">{{cite book |last=Polgár |first=László |title=Chess: 5334 Problems, Combinations, and Games |year=1994 |publisher=Tess Press |pages=76, 87, 1042 |isbn=9781579121303}} Problem numbers 127 and 193.</ref><br />
<br />
;Example game<br />
*[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1272702 Carlsen–Ernst, Wijk aan Zee 2004]; a thirteen-year-old [[Magnus Carlsen]] achieves an unusual "sideways" Epaulette mate against [[Sipke Ernst]] on his way to winning the C Group at the [[Corus chess tournament]] in 2004.<ref name="carlsen">[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=1447 "The Mozart of Chess"], Mathias Berntsen, Chessbase.com, January 27, 2004</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Greco's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | |pd| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |ql<br />
| | |bl| | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Greco's mate}}<br />
'''Greco's mate''' is a common method of checkmating. The checkmate is named after the famous Italian checkmate cataloguer [[Gioachino Greco]]. It works by using the bishop to contain the black king by use of the black g-pawn and subsequently using the queen or a rook to checkmate the king by moving it to the edge of the board.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 75.</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Hook mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | |rl| | | <br />
| | | | |kd|pd| | <br />
| | | | | |nl| | <br />
| | | | |pl| | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal hook mate}}<br />
The '''hook mate''' involves the use of a rook, knight, and pawn along with one enemy pawn to limit the enemy king's escape. The rook is protected by the knight, and the knight is protected by the pawn, while the pawn also attacks one of the enemy king's escape squares.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Kill box mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|rl| | | | | | |<br />
|kd| | | | | | |<br />
| | |ql| | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|The kill box checkmate}}<br />
The '''kill box mate''' is a box-shaped checkmate. The checkmate is delivered by a rook with the queen's assistance. The rook is adjacent to the king, while the queen supports the rook, being separated from it by one empty square on the same diagonal as the rook. This forms a 3 by 3 box shape, inside which the enemy king is trapped. The king could be anywhere on the board, but must have no escape squares available to him due either to being on the edge of the board or to being blocked off by friendly or enemy pieces.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==King and two bishops mate==<br />
{{main|Checkmate#King and two bishops}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | |bl|bl| |kl<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|A typical king and two bishops checkmate}}<br />
The '''king and two bishops mate''' is one of the four [[Basic checkmate|basic checkmates]]. It occurs when the king with two bishops force the bare king to the corner of the board to force a possible mate.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==King and two knights mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | |nl|nl|kl<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|Checkmate with a king and two knights, but it cannot be forced}}<br />
In a [[two knights endgame]], the side with the king and two knights ''cannot'' checkmate a bare king by force. This endgame should be a [[draw (chess)|draw]] if the bare king plays correctly. A mate only occurs if the player with the bare king [[blunder (chess)|blunders]]. In some circumstances, if the side with the bare king instead has a pawn, it is possible to set up this type of checkmate.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Ladder mate (lawnmower mate)==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
|rl| | | | | |kd|<br />
| |rl| | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|A typical ladder mate}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
|ql| | | | | |kd|<br />
| |rl| | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|An alternate pattern with a queen and rook}}<br />
|}<br />
In the '''ladder mate''',<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ago|first=Beauknowsin #chess • 3 Years|date=2017-10-26|title=Chess Lessons for Beginners #1 - The Ladder Checkmate!|url=https://steemit.com/chess/@beauknows/chess-lessons-for-beginners-1-the-ladder-checkmate|access-date=2020-06-05|website=Steemit|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Checkmate 101 |website=ChessKid |url=https://www.chesskid.com/article/view/checkmate-101#:~:text=The%20first%20of%20the%20basic,king%20on%20an%20empty%20board.&text=It%20is%20often%20called%20the,rooks%20resembles%20climbing%20a%20latter.}}</ref> also known as a '''lawnmower mate''', two major pieces (which can be two queens, two rooks or one rook and one queen) work together to push the enemy king to one side of the board.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Légal's mate==<br />
{{main|Légal Trap}}<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |qd| |bd| |<br />
| | | | |kd|bl| | <br />
| | | |pd| | | |<br />
| | | |nl|nl| | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Légal's mate}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |qd| |bd| |<br />
| | | | |kd|bl| | <br />
| | | |pd| | | |<br />
| | | | |nl| |bl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An alternative pattern, with the mate delivered by a bishop}}<br />
|}<br />
In '''Légal's mate''', two knights and a bishop coordinate to administer checkmate. Alternatively, the mate may be delivered by a bishop on g5.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Lolli's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |kd| <br />
| | | | | |pd|ql| <br />
| | | | | |pl|pd| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Lolli's mate}}<br />
'''Lolli's mate''' is a common method of checkmating. The checkmate involves infiltrating Black's fianchetto position using both a pawn and queen. The queen often gets to the h6-square by means of sacrifices on the h-file. It is named after [[Giambattista Lolli]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Max Lange's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |ql| <br />
| | | | | |bl|pd|kd<br />
| | | | | | | |pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Max Lange's mate}}<br />
'''Max Lange's mate''' is a less common method of checkmating. The checkmate is named after [[Max Lange]]. It works by using the bishop and queen to checkmate the king.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Mayet's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |kd|rl<br />
| | | | | |pd| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |bl| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Mayet's mate}}<br />
'''Mayet's mate''' involves the use of a rook attacking the black king supported by a bishop. It often comes about after the black king [[castles]] on its [[kingside]] in a [[fianchetto]] position. White usually arrives at this position after a series of sacrifices on the a-file h-file. It is a type of [[Checkmate pattern#Anderssen's mate|Anderssen's mate]] and closely resembles the [[Checkmate pattern#Opera mate|Opera mate]]. The "h-file" mate is an apt description, but the pattern is properly called "Mayet's mate" after the German player C/Karl Mayet (born Aug-11-1810, died May-18-1868, 57 years old). See variation description in Anderssen's mate given above. Reference Chapter 10, p. 107 of "The Art of the Checkmate" by Georges Renaud and Victor Kahn (Champions of France, 1923 and 1934). {{ISBN|0-486-20106-6}}.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Morphy's mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| White mates in 5 moves<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | | |pd|pd|pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |bl| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |rl| <br />
| 1.Rxg7+ Kh8 2.Rxf7+ Kg8 3.Rg7+ Kh8 4.Rg1+ Rf6 5.Bxf6#<br />
}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| An archetypal Morphy's mate<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | |pd<br />
| | | | | |bl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |rl| <br />
| Final position after 5 moves<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
'''Morphy's mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It was named after [[Paul Morphy]]. It works by using the bishop to attack the black king and a rook and Black's own pawn to confine it.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 142.</ref><ref>This mate derives from the game [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1242884 Louis Paulsen vs. Paul Morphy] (November 8, 1857 in New York City, New York (First American Chess Congress)). Morphy didn't use this mating pattern to defeat Paulsen; instead, Morphy sacrificed his queen to remove the pawn in front of White's castled king, exposing the king to series of checks by Black's rook and bishop. (Morphy then added more pieces to the attack against White's king, rendering White's position hopeless; so White resigned.)</ref> In many respects it is very similar to the [[#Corner mate|Corner mate]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Opera mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |rl|kd| | | <br />
| | | | | |pd| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |bl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal opera mate}}<br />
The '''opera mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It works by attacking an uncastled king on the back rank with a rook using a bishop to protect it. An enemy pawn or a piece other than a knight is used to restrict the enemy king's movement. It is a type of [[Checkmate pattern#Anderssen's mate|Anderssen's mate]] and closely resembles [[Checkmate pattern#Mayet's mate|Mayet's mate]]. The checkmate was named after its implementation by [[Paul Morphy]] in 1858 at a game at the Paris opera against [[Duke Karl of Brunswick]] and Count Isouard; see [[Opera game]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Pawn mate (David and Goliath mate)==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |rl<br />
|pd|kd|pd| | | | | <br />
|pl|nd| | | | | | <br />
| |pl| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|An archetypal pawn mate}}<br />
The '''pawn mate''', also known as the '''David and Goliath mate''', is a common method of checkmating. Although the pawn mate can take many forms, it is characterized generally as a mate in which a pawn is the final attacking piece and where enemy pawns are nearby. Its alternate name is taken from the [[Bible|biblical]] account of [[Goliath|David and Goliath]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Pillsbury's mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| White mates in 3 moves<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | | |pd| |pd<br />
| | | | | |pd| |bl <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |rl <br />
| 1.Rg1+ Kh8 2.Bg7+ Kg8 3.Bxf6#<br />
}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| An archetypal Pillsbury's mate<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd|<br />
| | | | | |pd| |pd<br />
| | | | | |bl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |rl| <br />
| Final position after 3 moves<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
'''Pillsbury's mate'''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dqg7p3oB9P0C&lpg=PA205&dq=Pillsbury's%20mate%20chess&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q=Pillsbury's%20mate%20chess&f=false] Teach Yourself Visually Chess By Jon Edwards</ref> is a common method of checkmating and is named for [[Harry Nelson Pillsbury]]. It works by attacking the king with the rook while the bishop is cutting off the king.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 128.</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Queen mate==<br />
{{main|Checkmate#King and queen}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |kd| | | | <br />
| | | |ql| | | | <br />
| | | |kl| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|A typical queen mate}}<br />
The '''queen mate''' is one of the four [[Checkmate#Basic checkmates|basic checkmates]]. It occurs when the side with the king and queen force the bare king to the edge or corner of the board. The queen checkmates the bare king with the support of the allied king.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Réti's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| |nd|bd|bl| | | | <br />
| |pd|kd| | | | | <br />
| | |pd| | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | |rl| | | |<br />
|An archetypal Réti's mate}}<br />
'''Réti's mate''' is a famous method of checkmating. The checkmate is named after [[Richard Réti]], who delivered it in an 11-move [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1250654 game] against [[Savielly Tartakower]] in 1910 in [[Vienna]]. It works by trapping the enemy king with four of its own pieces that are situated on flight squares and then attacking it with a bishop that is protected by a rook or queen.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Rook mate (box mate)==<br />
{{main|Checkmate#King and rook}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
|rl| | |kd| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | |kl| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|A typical rook mate}}<br />
The '''rook mate''' is one of the four [[Checkmate#Basic checkmates|basic checkmates]]. It occurs when the side with the king and rook box in the bare king to the corner or edge of the board. The mate is delivered by the rook along the edge rank or file, and escape towards the centre of the board is blocked by the king.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Smothered mate==<br />
{{main|Smothered mate}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |rd|kd<br />
| | | | | |nl|pd|pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|A typical smothered mate}}<br />
[[Smothered mate]] is a common method of checkmating. It occurs when a knight checkmates a king that is smothered (surrounded) by his friendly pieces and he has nowhere to move nor is there any way to capture the knight.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 35.</ref> It is also known as ''Philidor's Legacy'' after [[François-André Danican Philidor]], though its documentation predates Philidor by several hundred years.<ref name="Golladay2007">{{cite book|author=Sonja Musser Golladay|title=Los Libros de Acedrex Dados E Tablas: Historical, Artistic and Metaphysical Dimensions of Alfonso X's "Book of Games".|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aImR3uIw0kwC&pg=PA278|year=2007|isbn=978-0-549-27434-6|pages=278–}}</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Suffocation mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | |nl|pd| |pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | |bl| | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal suffocation mate}}<br />
The '''suffocation mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It works by using the knight to attack the enemy king and the bishop to confine the king's escape routes.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Swallow's tail mate (guéridon mate)==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |rd| |rd| | <br />
| | | | |kd| | | <br />
|rl| | | |ql| | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal swallow's tail mate}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| |bd| |qd| | | | <br />
| | |kd| | | | | <br />
| | |ql| | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | |bl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|Other archetypal swallow's tail mate}}<br />
The '''swallow's tail mate''', also known as the '''guéridon mate''', is a common method of checkmating. It works by attacking the enemy king with a queen that is protected by a rook or other piece. The enemy king's own pieces (in this example, rooks) block its means of escape.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 44.</ref> It resembles the [[#Epaulette mate|epaulette mate]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Triangle mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |rl| | | | <br />
| | | | |kd|pd| | <br />
| | | |ql| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal triangle mate}}<br />
The triangle mate involves a queen, supported by a rook on the same file two squares away, delivering checkmate to a king that is either at the edge of the board or whose escape is blocked by a piece; the queen, rook, and king together form a triangular shape, hence the name of the mating pattern.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Vuković's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | |kd| | | <br />
| | | | |rl| | | <br />
| | | | |nl|kl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Vuković's mate}}<br />
'''Vuković’s mate''' is a mate involving a protected rook which delivers checkmate to the king at the edge of the board, while a knight covers the remaining escape squares of the king. The rook is usually protected with either the king or a pawn.<ref name="Vuković ">[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chesscollection?cid=1030348] Chess Games, Vuković Mate Examples</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Outline of chess#Checkmate patterns|''Outline of chess: Checkmate patterns'']]<br />
*[[Fool's mate]]<br />
*[[Scholar's mate]]<br />
*[[Stamma's mate]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|35em}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*{{Citation<br />
|last=Schiller<br />
|first=Eric<br />
|author-link=Eric Schiller<br />
|year=1999<br />
|title=Encyclopedia of Chess Wisdom<br />
|publisher=Cardoza<br />
|isbn=0-940685-93-0<br />
|url-access=registration<br />
|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00schi<br />
}}<br />
*George Renaud and Victor Kahn, with W.J. Taylor, trans., ''The Art of Checkmate'' (Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1962; reprint of: New York, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953).<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
*{{citation<br />
| last=Kurzdorfer<br />
| first=Peter<br />
| title=The Everything Chess Basics Book<br />
| publisher=Adams Media<br />
| year=2003<br />
| isbn=978-1-58062-586-9<br />
| url-access=registration<br />
| url=https://archive.org/details/everythingchessb0000kurz<br />
}}<br />
*{{citation<br />
| last = Silman|first=Jeremy|author-link=Jeremy Silman<br />
| title=The Complete Book of Chess Strategy<br />
| publisher=Silman-James Press<br />
| year=1998<br />
| isbn= 978-1-890085-01-8}}<br />
*{{citation <br />
| last = Kopec | first=Danny <br />
| title=Practical Middlegame Techniques <br />
| publisher = Simon & Schuster, Paramount Publishing <br />
| year=1997 <br />
| isbn=1-85744-142-7 }} <br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[https://lichess.org/practice Checkmate patterns practice]<br />
<br />
{{Chess}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chess checkmates]]<br />
[[Category:Chess terminology]]<br />
<br />
[[da:Matbillede]]</div>87.19.225.34https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Checkmate_pattern&diff=1063201312Checkmate pattern2022-01-01T20:46:17Z<p>87.19.225.34: /* Anastasia's mate */ +detail on the origin of the name</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Chess patterns}}<br />
[[File:CheckmateProper.jpg|right|thumb|Checkmate]]<br />
In [[chess]], several '''checkmate patterns''' occur frequently enough to have acquired specific names in chess commentary. The diagrams that follow show these [[checkmate]]s with [[White and Black in chess|White]] checkmating Black.<br />
{{AN chess}}<br />
<br />
==Anastasia's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | |nl| |pd|kd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |rl<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Anastasia's mate}}<br />
In '''Anastasia's mate''', a [[knight (chess)|knight]] and [[rook (chess)|rook]] team up to trap the opposing king between the side of the board on one side and a friendly piece on the other. Often, the queen is first sacrificed along the a-file or h-file to achieve the position. This checkmate gets its name from the novel ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel'' by [[Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse]],<ref>The original "Anastasia's mate" appeared in: Wilhelm Heinse, ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel: Briefe aus Italien vom Verfasser des Ardinghello'' [Anastasia and Chess: Letters from Italy by the author of ''Ardinghello''] (Frankfurt am Main, (Germany): Tarrentrapp und Wenner, 1803), [https://books.google.com/books?id=LrBAAAAAcAAJ&hl=en&pg=PA211#v=onepage&q&f=false volume 2, pages 211–213.]<br><br />
The original "Anastasia's mate" is reproduced in modern notion with illustrations, in: Wilhelm Heinse, ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel … '' (Hamburg, Germany: Jens-Erik Rudolph Verlag, 2010), [https://books.google.com/books?id=3tvTGSgcjmkC&hl=en&pg=PA162#v=onepage&q&f=false page 162, example 2.]<br><br />
Note: Nowadays, "Anastasia's mate" refers to a mate in which the checkmated king is on an edge of the board or in a corner of the board, whereas in the original mate, the king was near the center of the board.</ref><ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 83.</ref><br />
but the novelist took the position from a checks essay by [[Giambattista Lolli]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Anderssen's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |kd|rl<br />
| | | | | | |pl| <br />
| | | | | |kl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | || | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Anderssen's mate}}<br />
In '''Anderssen's mate''' (named for [[Adolf Anderssen]]), the rook or [[queen (chess)|queen]] is supported by a diagonally attacking piece such as a [[pawn (chess)|pawn]] or [[bishop (chess)|bishop]] as it checkmates the opposing king along the eighth rank.<br />
<br />
Sometimes a distinction is drawn between Anderssen's mate, where the rook is supported by a pawn (which itself is supported by another piece, as in the diagram), and '''Mayet's mate''', where the rook is supported by a distant bishop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Famous Checkmates|url=http://chesslessons4beginners.com/lesson_8_famous_checkmates_4.htm|work=Chess Lessons For Beginners|publisher=chesslessons4beginners.com|access-date=29 December 2013|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233321/http://chesslessons4beginners.com/lesson_8_famous_checkmates_4.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Arabian mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | |rl<br />
| | | | | |nl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Arabian mate}}<br />
In the '''Arabian mate''', the knight and the rook team up to trap the opposing king on a corner of the board. The rook sits on a square adjacent to the king both to prevent escape along the diagonal and to deliver checkmate while the knight sits two squares away diagonally from the king to prevent escape on the square next to the king and to protect the rook.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 182.</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to being among the most common mating patterns, the Arabian mate is also an important topic in the context of [[history of chess]] for being mentioned in an ancient Arabic manuscript dating from the 8th century CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacEnulty |first1=David |title=My First Book of Checkmate |date=2015 |publisher=Russell Enterprises, Inc. |isbn=9781936490479 |url=https://www.scribd.com/book/266938632/My-First-Book-of-Checkmate-Workbook |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> The pattern is also derived from an [[shatranj|older form of chess]] in which the knight and the rook were the two most powerful pieces in the game, before chess had migrated to Europe and the queen given its current powers of movement.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Back-rank mate==<br />
{{main|back-rank mate}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |rl| | |kd|<br />
| | | | | |pd|pd|pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal back-rank mate}}<br />
The [[back-rank mate]] occurs when a rook or queen checkmates a king that is blocked in by its own pieces (usually pawns) on the first or eighth rank.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Balestra mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |kd|<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | |bl| | |ql<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal balestra mate}}<br />
The '''balestra mate''' involves a queen cutting off the king's escape both diagonally and vertically whilst having a bishop deliver checkmate.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Bishop and knight mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | |bl|kl|nl<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal bishop and knight mate}}<br />
The '''bishop and knight''' mate is one of the four [[Basic checkmate|basic checkmates]] and occurs when the king works together with a bishop and knight to force the opponent king to the corner of the board. The bishop and knight endgame can be difficult to master: some positions may require up to 34 moves of perfect play before checkmate can be delivered.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Blackburne's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | | | | |bl<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |nl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |bl| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Blackburne's mate}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd <br />
| | | | | |bl| |<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |nl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |bl| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An alternative version of Blackburne's mate}}<br />
'''Blackburne's mate''' is named for [[Joseph Henry Blackburne]] and is a rare method of checkmating. The checkmate utilizes enemy pieces (typically a rook) and/or the edge of the board, together with a friendly knight, to confine the enemy king's sideways escape, while a friendly bishop pair takes the remaining two diagonals off from the enemy king.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 94.</ref> Threatening Blackburne's mate, which sometimes goes in conjunction with a queen sacrifice, can be used to weaken Black's position.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Blind swine mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
| <br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| White mates in 3 moves<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| |rl| | |rl| |pd|pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| Position prior to a blind swine mate<br />
}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| An archetypal blind swine mate <br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | | | |rl|rl<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| Final position after 3 moves}}<br />
|}<br />
The '''blind swine mate''' pattern's name is attributed to Polish master [[Dawid Janowski]] who referred to {{chessgloss|doubled rooks}} on a player's 7th rank as "swine".<ref>MacEnulty, David, ''The Chess Kid's Book of Checkmate'', chap. 21 – The Blind Swine Checkmate, pp. 29–30, Random House Puzzles & Games, 2004, {{ISBN|0812935942}}, 9780812935943</ref> <br />
In the first diagram with White to play, White can force checkmate as follows: <br />
:'''1. Rxg7+ Kh8'''<br />
:'''2. Rxh7+ Kg8'''<br />
:'''3. Rbg7#'''<br />
<br />
For this type of mate, the rooks on White's 7th rank can start on any two files from ''a'' to ''e'', and although black pawns are commonly present as shown, they are not necessary to deliver the mate. The second diagram shows the final position after checkmate. (In the book ''My System'', Nimzowitsch refers to this type of mate as: "The seventh rank, absolute.") <br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Boden's mate==<br />
{{main|Boden's mate}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | |kd|rd| | | | <br />
| | | |pd| | | | <br />
|bl| | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | |bl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Boden's mate}}<br />
[[Boden's mate]] involves two attacking bishops on criss-crossing diagonals delivering checkmate to a king obstructed by friendly pieces, usually a rook and a pawn.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 89.</ref><ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1262425 R. Schulder vs. Samuel Boden] (London, 1853).</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Corner mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | |nl| |pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |rl| <br />
|An archetypal corner mate}}<br />
The '''corner mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It works by confining the king to the corner using a rook or queen with a pawn blocking the final escape square and using a minor piece to engage the checkmate.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Damiano's bishop mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | |kd| | <br />
| | | | | |ql| | <br />
| | | | | | |bl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Damiano's bishop mate}}<br />
'''Damiano's bishop mate''' is a classic method of checkmating. The checkmate utilizes a queen and bishop, where the bishop is used to support the queen and the queen is used to engage the checkmate. The checkmate is named after [[Pedro Damiano]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Damiano's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | | | |pd|ql<br />
| | | | | | |pl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Damiano's mate}}<br />
'''Damiano's mate''' is a classic method of checkmating and one of the oldest. It works by confining the king with a pawn and using a queen to execute the checkmate. Damiano's mate is often arrived at by first [[sacrifice (chess)|sacrificing]] a rook on the h-file, then checking the king with the queen on the a-file or h-file, and then moving in for the mate. The checkmate was first published by [[Pedro Damiano]] in 1512.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 136.</ref> In Damiano's publication he failed to place the white king on the [[chessboard|board]] which resulted in it not being entered into many chess databases due to their rejection of illegal positions.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Double bishop mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
| <br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | |pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | |bl| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | |bl| | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal double bishop mate}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | |bl| | | | |<br />
| | | | | |pd| | <br />
| | | | |kd|pl| | <br />
| | | | |bl| | | <br />
| | | |kl| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An alternate pattern for the double bishop mate}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The '''double bishop mate''' is a classic method of checkmating. It is similar to [[Boden's mate]], but the two bishops are placed on parallel diagonals. The escape squares are occupied or controlled by enemy pieces.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Double knight mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
| <br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| White mates in 2 moves<br />
| |kd|nd| | | | | <br />
|pd|pd|pd| | | | | <br />
| | | | |nl|nl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| Position prior to being mated<br />
}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| Final position<br />
|kd| |nd| | | | | <br />
|pd|pd|nl|nl| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|A possible double knight mate}}<br />
|}<br />
The '''double knight mate''' usually involves a king being trapped behind a pawn or a group of pawns in front of it and blocked by a piece to the side. The king is then checked by a knight and forced into a position in which it can be checkmated by the other knight.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Dovetail mate (Cozio's mate)==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|+ An archetypal dovetail mate<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |ql| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |pd|kd<br />
| | | | | |qd| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |kl| <br />
| After 1.Qh6+, Black is forced to play 1...Kg3.<br />
}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |pd| <br />
| | | | | |qd|kd| <br />
| | | | | | | |ql<br />
| | | | | | |kl| <br />
|White then checkmates with 2.Qh2#.<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
The '''dovetail mate''' is a common method of checkmating, and is also known as '''Cozio's mate''', named after a study by [[Carlo Cozio]], published in 1766. It involves trapping the black king in the pattern shown. It does not matter how the queen is supported and it does not matter which type Black's other two pieces are so long as neither is an unpinned knight. See also [[#Swallow's tail mate (guéridon mate)|Swallow's tail mate]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Epaulette mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |rd|kd|rd| | <br />
| | | | | | | |ql <br />
| | | | |kl| | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|Polgár, No. 127: mate in one, White to move. The solution, 1. Qe7#, is an epaulette mate}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd|rd <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |ql| | | | |kl| <br />
|Polgár, No. 193: mate in one, White to move. The solution, 1. Qg6#, is another epaulette mate}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The '''epaulette mate''' is, in its broadest definition, a [[checkmate]] where two parallel retreat squares for a [[Check (Chess)|checked]] king are occupied by its own pieces, preventing its escape.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 46.</ref> The most common epaulette mate involves the king on its [[glossary of chess#Back ranks|back rank]], trapped between two rooks.<ref name="about">[http://www.mark-weeks.com/aboutcom/aa03e24.htm " Checkmates with Names"], Mark Weeks, About.com: Chess</ref> The perceived visual similarity between the rooks and ''[[epaulette]]s'', ornamental shoulder pieces worn on [[military uniform]]s, gives the checkmate its name.<ref name="about"/> In a compendium of problems by [[László Polgár]], two elementary mate-in-one problems were given, with the solutions being epaulette mates.<ref name="Polgár">{{cite book |last=Polgár |first=László |title=Chess: 5334 Problems, Combinations, and Games |year=1994 |publisher=Tess Press |pages=76, 87, 1042 |isbn=9781579121303}} Problem numbers 127 and 193.</ref><br />
<br />
;Example game<br />
*[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1272702 Carlsen–Ernst, Wijk aan Zee 2004]; a thirteen-year-old [[Magnus Carlsen]] achieves an unusual "sideways" Epaulette mate against [[Sipke Ernst]] on his way to winning the C Group at the [[Corus chess tournament]] in 2004.<ref name="carlsen">[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=1447 "The Mozart of Chess"], Mathias Berntsen, Chessbase.com, January 27, 2004</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Greco's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | |pd| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |ql<br />
| | |bl| | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Greco's mate}}<br />
'''Greco's mate''' is a common method of checkmating. The checkmate is named after the famous Italian checkmate cataloguer [[Gioachino Greco]]. It works by using the bishop to contain the black king by use of the black g-pawn and subsequently using the queen or a rook to checkmate the king by moving it to the edge of the board.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 75.</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Hook mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | |rl| | | <br />
| | | | |kd|pd| | <br />
| | | | | |nl| | <br />
| | | | |pl| | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal hook mate}}<br />
The '''hook mate''' involves the use of a rook, knight, and pawn along with one enemy pawn to limit the enemy king's escape. The rook is protected by the knight, and the knight is protected by the pawn, while the pawn also attacks one of the enemy king's escape squares.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Kill box mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|rl| | | | | | |<br />
|kd| | | | | | |<br />
| | |ql| | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|The kill box checkmate}}<br />
The '''kill box mate''' is a box-shaped checkmate. The checkmate is delivered by a rook with the queen's assistance. The rook is adjacent to the king, while the queen supports the rook, being separated from it by one empty square on the same diagonal as the rook. This forms a 3 by 3 box shape, inside which the enemy king is trapped. The king could be anywhere on the board, but must have no escape squares available to him due either to being on the edge of the board or to being blocked off by friendly or enemy pieces.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==King and two bishops mate==<br />
{{main|Checkmate#King and two bishops}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | |bl|bl| |kl<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|A typical king and two bishops checkmate}}<br />
The '''king and two bishops mate''' is one of the four [[Basic checkmate|basic checkmates]]. It occurs when the king with two bishops force the bare king to the corner of the board to force a possible mate.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==King and two knights mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | |nl|nl|kl<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|Checkmate with a king and two knights, but it cannot be forced}}<br />
In a [[two knights endgame]], the side with the king and two knights ''cannot'' checkmate a bare king by force. This endgame should be a [[draw (chess)|draw]] if the bare king plays correctly. A mate only occurs if the player with the bare king [[blunder (chess)|blunders]]. In some circumstances, if the side with the bare king instead has a pawn, it is possible to set up this type of checkmate.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Ladder mate (lawnmower mate)==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
|rl| | | | | |kd|<br />
| |rl| | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|A typical ladder mate}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
|ql| | | | | |kd|<br />
| |rl| | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|An alternate pattern with a queen and rook}}<br />
|}<br />
In the '''ladder mate''',<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ago|first=Beauknowsin #chess • 3 Years|date=2017-10-26|title=Chess Lessons for Beginners #1 - The Ladder Checkmate!|url=https://steemit.com/chess/@beauknows/chess-lessons-for-beginners-1-the-ladder-checkmate|access-date=2020-06-05|website=Steemit|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Checkmate 101 |website=ChessKid |url=https://www.chesskid.com/article/view/checkmate-101#:~:text=The%20first%20of%20the%20basic,king%20on%20an%20empty%20board.&text=It%20is%20often%20called%20the,rooks%20resembles%20climbing%20a%20latter.}}</ref> also known as a '''lawnmower mate''', two major pieces (which can be two queens, two rooks or one rook and one queen) work together to push the enemy king to one side of the board.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Légal's mate==<br />
{{main|Légal Trap}}<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |qd| |bd| |<br />
| | | | |kd|bl| | <br />
| | | |pd| | | |<br />
| | | |nl|nl| | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Légal's mate}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |qd| |bd| |<br />
| | | | |kd|bl| | <br />
| | | |pd| | | |<br />
| | | | |nl| |bl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An alternative pattern, with the mate delivered by a bishop}}<br />
|}<br />
In '''Légal's mate''', two knights and a bishop coordinate to administer checkmate. Alternatively, the mate may be delivered by a bishop on g5.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Lolli's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |kd| <br />
| | | | | |pd|ql| <br />
| | | | | |pl|pd| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Lolli's mate}}<br />
'''Lolli's mate''' is a common method of checkmating. The checkmate involves infiltrating Black's fianchetto position using both a pawn and queen. The queen often gets to the h6-square by means of sacrifices on the h-file. It is named after [[Giambattista Lolli]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Max Lange's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |ql| <br />
| | | | | |bl|pd|kd<br />
| | | | | | | |pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Max Lange's mate}}<br />
'''Max Lange's mate''' is a less common method of checkmating. The checkmate is named after [[Max Lange]]. It works by using the bishop and queen to checkmate the king.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Mayet's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |kd|rl<br />
| | | | | |pd| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |bl| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Mayet's mate}}<br />
'''Mayet's mate''' involves the use of a rook attacking the black king supported by a bishop. It often comes about after the black king [[castles]] on its [[kingside]] in a [[fianchetto]] position. White usually arrives at this position after a series of sacrifices on the a-file h-file. It is a type of [[Checkmate pattern#Anderssen's mate|Anderssen's mate]] and closely resembles the [[Checkmate pattern#Opera mate|Opera mate]]. The "h-file" mate is an apt description, but the pattern is properly called "Mayet's mate" after the German player C/Karl Mayet (born Aug-11-1810, died May-18-1868, 57 years old). See variation description in Anderssen's mate given above. Reference Chapter 10, p. 107 of "The Art of the Checkmate" by Georges Renaud and Victor Kahn (Champions of France, 1923 and 1934). {{ISBN|0-486-20106-6}}.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Morphy's mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| White mates in 5 moves<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | | |pd|pd|pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| |bl| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |rl| <br />
| 1.Rxg7+ Kh8 2.Rxf7+ Kg8 3.Rg7+ Kh8 4.Rg1+ Rf6 5.Bxf6#<br />
}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| An archetypal Morphy's mate<br />
| | | | | | | |kd<br />
| | | | | | | |pd<br />
| | | | | |bl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |rl| <br />
| Final position after 5 moves<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
'''Morphy's mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It was named after [[Paul Morphy]]. It works by using the bishop to attack the black king and a rook and Black's own pawn to confine it.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 142.</ref><ref>This mate derives from the game [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1242884 Louis Paulsen vs. Paul Morphy] (November 8, 1857 in New York City, New York (First American Chess Congress)). Morphy didn't use this mating pattern to defeat Paulsen; instead, Morphy sacrificed his queen to remove the pawn in front of White's castled king, exposing the king to series of checks by Black's rook and bishop. (Morphy then added more pieces to the attack against White's king, rendering White's position hopeless; so White resigned.)</ref> In many respects it is very similar to the [[#Corner mate|Corner mate]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Opera mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |rl|kd| | | <br />
| | | | | |pd| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |bl| <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal opera mate}}<br />
The '''opera mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It works by attacking an uncastled king on the back rank with a rook using a bishop to protect it. An enemy pawn or a piece other than a knight is used to restrict the enemy king's movement. It is a type of [[Checkmate pattern#Anderssen's mate|Anderssen's mate]] and closely resembles [[Checkmate pattern#Mayet's mate|Mayet's mate]]. The checkmate was named after its implementation by [[Paul Morphy]] in 1858 at a game at the Paris opera against [[Duke Karl of Brunswick]] and Count Isouard; see [[Opera game]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Pawn mate (David and Goliath mate)==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |rl<br />
|pd|kd|pd| | | | | <br />
|pl|nd| | | | | | <br />
| |pl| | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
|An archetypal pawn mate}}<br />
The '''pawn mate''', also known as the '''David and Goliath mate''', is a common method of checkmating. Although the pawn mate can take many forms, it is characterized generally as a mate in which a pawn is the final attacking piece and where enemy pawns are nearby. Its alternate name is taken from the [[Bible|biblical]] account of [[Goliath|David and Goliath]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Pillsbury's mate==<br />
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| White mates in 3 moves<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | | |pd| |pd<br />
| | | | | |pd| |bl <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |rl <br />
| 1.Rg1+ Kh8 2.Bg7+ Kg8 3.Bxf6#<br />
}}<br />
|<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
| An archetypal Pillsbury's mate<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd|<br />
| | | | | |pd| |pd<br />
| | | | | |bl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | |rl| <br />
| Final position after 3 moves<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
'''Pillsbury's mate'''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dqg7p3oB9P0C&lpg=PA205&dq=Pillsbury's%20mate%20chess&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q=Pillsbury's%20mate%20chess&f=false] Teach Yourself Visually Chess By Jon Edwards</ref> is a common method of checkmating and is named for [[Harry Nelson Pillsbury]]. It works by attacking the king with the rook while the bishop is cutting off the king.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 128.</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Queen mate==<br />
{{main|Checkmate#King and queen}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |kd| | | | <br />
| | | |ql| | | | <br />
| | | |kl| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | |<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|A typical queen mate}}<br />
The '''queen mate''' is one of the four [[Checkmate#Basic checkmates|basic checkmates]]. It occurs when the side with the king and queen force the bare king to the edge or corner of the board. The queen checkmates the bare king with the support of the allied king.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Réti's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| |nd|bd|bl| | | | <br />
| |pd|kd| | | | | <br />
| | |pd| | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | |rl| | | |<br />
|An archetypal Réti's mate}}<br />
'''Réti's mate''' is a famous method of checkmating. The checkmate is named after [[Richard Réti]], who delivered it in an 11-move [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1250654 game] against [[Savielly Tartakower]] in 1910 in [[Vienna]]. It works by trapping the enemy king with four of its own pieces that are situated on flight squares and then attacking it with a bishop that is protected by a rook or queen.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Rook mate (box mate)==<br />
{{main|Checkmate#King and rook}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
|rl| | |kd| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | |kl| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|A typical rook mate}}<br />
The '''rook mate''' is one of the four [[Checkmate#Basic checkmates|basic checkmates]]. It occurs when the side with the king and rook box in the bare king to the corner or edge of the board. The mate is delivered by the rook along the edge rank or file, and escape towards the centre of the board is blocked by the king.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Smothered mate==<br />
{{main|Smothered mate}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | | |rd|kd<br />
| | | | | |nl|pd|pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|A typical smothered mate}}<br />
[[Smothered mate]] is a common method of checkmating. It occurs when a knight checkmates a king that is smothered (surrounded) by his friendly pieces and he has nowhere to move nor is there any way to capture the knight.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 35.</ref> It is also known as ''Philidor's Legacy'' after [[François-André Danican Philidor]], though its documentation predates Philidor by several hundred years.<ref name="Golladay2007">{{cite book|author=Sonja Musser Golladay|title=Los Libros de Acedrex Dados E Tablas: Historical, Artistic and Metaphysical Dimensions of Alfonso X's "Book of Games".|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aImR3uIw0kwC&pg=PA278|year=2007|isbn=978-0-549-27434-6|pages=278–}}</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Suffocation mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | | |rd|kd| <br />
| | | | |nl|pd| |pd<br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | |bl| | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal suffocation mate}}<br />
The '''suffocation mate''' is a common method of checkmating. It works by using the knight to attack the enemy king and the bishop to confine the king's escape routes.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Swallow's tail mate (guéridon mate)==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |rd| |rd| | <br />
| | | | |kd| | | <br />
|rl| | | |ql| | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal swallow's tail mate}}<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| |bd| |qd| | | | <br />
| | |kd| | | | | <br />
| | |ql| | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | |bl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|Other archetypal swallow's tail mate}}<br />
The '''swallow's tail mate''', also known as the '''guéridon mate''', is a common method of checkmating. It works by attacking the enemy king with a queen that is protected by a rook or other piece. The enemy king's own pieces (in this example, rooks) block its means of escape.<ref>Renaud and Kahn (1962), p. 44.</ref> It resembles the [[#Epaulette mate|epaulette mate]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Triangle mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | |rl| | | | <br />
| | | | |kd|pd| | <br />
| | | |ql| | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal triangle mate}}<br />
The triangle mate involves a queen, supported by a rook on the same file two squares away, delivering checkmate to a king that is either at the edge of the board or whose escape is blocked by a piece; the queen, rook, and king together form a triangular shape, hence the name of the mating pattern.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Vuković's mate==<br />
{{Chess diagram small<br />
| tright<br />
|<br />
| | | | |kd| | | <br />
| | | | |rl| | | <br />
| | | | |nl|kl| | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
| | | | | | | | <br />
|An archetypal Vuković's mate}}<br />
'''Vuković’s mate''' is a mate involving a protected rook which delivers checkmate to the king at the edge of the board, while a knight covers the remaining escape squares of the king. The rook is usually protected with either the king or a pawn.<ref name="Vuković ">[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chesscollection?cid=1030348] Chess Games, Vuković Mate Examples</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Outline of chess#Checkmate patterns|''Outline of chess: Checkmate patterns'']]<br />
*[[Fool's mate]]<br />
*[[Scholar's mate]]<br />
*[[Stamma's mate]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|35em}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*{{Citation<br />
|last=Schiller<br />
|first=Eric<br />
|author-link=Eric Schiller<br />
|year=1999<br />
|title=Encyclopedia of Chess Wisdom<br />
|publisher=Cardoza<br />
|isbn=0-940685-93-0<br />
|url-access=registration<br />
|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00schi<br />
}}<br />
*George Renaud and Victor Kahn, with W.J. Taylor, trans., ''The Art of Checkmate'' (Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1962; reprint of: New York, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953).<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
*{{citation<br />
| last=Kurzdorfer<br />
| first=Peter<br />
| title=The Everything Chess Basics Book<br />
| publisher=Adams Media<br />
| year=2003<br />
| isbn=978-1-58062-586-9<br />
| url-access=registration<br />
| url=https://archive.org/details/everythingchessb0000kurz<br />
}}<br />
*{{citation<br />
| last = Silman|first=Jeremy|author-link=Jeremy Silman<br />
| title=The Complete Book of Chess Strategy<br />
| publisher=Silman-James Press<br />
| year=1998<br />
| isbn= 978-1-890085-01-8}}<br />
*{{citation <br />
| last = Kopec | first=Danny <br />
| title=Practical Middlegame Techniques <br />
| publisher = Simon & Schuster, Paramount Publishing <br />
| year=1997 <br />
| isbn=1-85744-142-7 }} <br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[https://lichess.org/practice Checkmate patterns practice]<br />
<br />
{{Chess}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chess checkmates]]<br />
[[Category:Chess terminology]]<br />
<br />
[[da:Matbillede]]</div>87.19.225.34