Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Samy Chouchane

2024-08-19T12:12:58Z

89.84.127.36:

{{Short description|Tunisian footballer (born 2003)}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Samy Chouchane
|image =
|full_name = Samy Olivier Chouchane<ref name="FIFA">{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce89/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA U-20 World Cup Argentina 2023™ SQUAD LIST: Tunisia (TUN) |publisher=FIFA |page=21 |date=22 May 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023}}</ref>
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|9|5|df=y}}<ref name="FIFA"/>
|birth_place = [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], France
|height = 1.80m<ref name="FIFA"/>
|position = [[Midfielder]]
|currentclub = [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]]
|clubnumber = 48
|youthclubs1 = [[AC Boulogne-Billancourt]]
|youthyears2 = 2020–
|youthclubs2 = [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Brighton & Hove Albion]]
|years1 = 2019–2020
|clubs1 = [[AC Boulogne-Billancourt]]
|caps1 = 2
|goals1 = 0

|nationalyears1 = 2021–
|nationalteam1 = [[Tunisia national under-20 football team|Tunisia U20]]
|nationalcaps1 = 10
|nationalgoals1 = 1
|pcupdate = 07:39, 11 January 2024 (UTC)
|ntupdate = 07:39, 11 January 2024 (UTC)
}}
Samy Chouchane, born September 5, 2003 in Neuilly sur Seine, is a Tunisian international footballer who plays as a midfielder for Brighton & Hove Albion.. Born in France, he represents the [[Tunisia national football team|Tunisia national team]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/20003059.chouchane-nilsson-ifill-impress-albion-youth-boss-andrew-crofts/|title=Chouchane, Nilsson and Ifill impress Albion|publisher=theargus.co.uk}}</ref>

==Early life==
As a youth player, Chouchane joined the youth academy of English [[Premier League]] side [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]], helping the club win the [[Premier League Cup (football)|2021 Premier League Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://al-ain.com/article/samy-chouchane-tunisia-talent|title=سامي شوشان لـ"العين الرياضية": تونس خيار القلب ومحمد صلاح أسطوري|publisher=al-ain.com}}</ref>

==Career==
Chouchane represented Tunisia internationally at the [[2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tunisie-foot.com/2023/09/04/exclu-tf-interwiew-de-samy-couchane/|title=Samy Chouchane - Tunisie Foot article}}</ref>

==Style of play==
Chouchane mainy operates as a midfielder and is known for his passing ability.<ref name="win">{{Cite web|url=https://www.winwin.com/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8B%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%8B%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D8%A9|title=لاعب برايتون سامي شوشان يفاجئ فريقًا تونسيًا بلقطة رائعة|publisher=winwin.com}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Chouchane was born to a German mother and a Tunisian father.<ref name="win"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:Chouchane, Samy}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Neuilly-sur-Seine]]
[[Category:Tunisian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Tunisia men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:French men's footballers]]
[[Category:Tunisian people of German descent]]
[[Category:French people of Tunisian descent]]
[[Category:French people of German descent]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players]]
[[Category:Tunisian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in England]]
[[Category:French expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:French expatriate sportspeople in England]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in England]]
[[Category:Footballers from Hauts-de-Seine]]

16 Carriages

2024-04-04T07:20:21Z

89.84.127.36:

{{short description|2024 single by Beyoncé}}
{{use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{infobox song
| name = 16 Carriages
| type = single
| artist = [[Beyoncé]]
| album = [[Cowboy Carter]]
| cover = Beyoncé – 16 Carriages.jpg
| alt = A digital artwork for "16 Carriages" with Beyoncé in front of a grey background, wearing a cowboy hat, and a black jacket.
| released = February 11, 2024
| recorded = Summer 2020
| genre = [[Country music|Country]]
| length =
* 3:47 (album version)
* 3:54 (radio edit)
| label =
* [[Parkwood Entertainment|Parkwood]]
* [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
| lyricist =
* Beyoncé
* [[Atia Boggs]]
| composer =
* Beyoncé
* Boggs
* [[Dave Hamelin]]
* [[Raphael Saadiq]]
| producer =
* Beyoncé
* Atia Boggs
* [[Dave Hamelin]]
| prev_title = [[My House (Beyoncé song)|My House]]
| prev_year = 2023
| title = [[Texas Hold 'Em (song)|Texas Hold 'Em]]
| title2 = 16 Carriages
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{external music video
| type = single
| header = Visualizer
| 1 = {{YouTube|hhKNjTb6U1Y|"16 Carriages"}}
}}
}}

"'''16 Carriages'''" is a song by American singer [[Beyoncé]] from her eighth studio album, ''[[Cowboy Carter]]''. It serves as the album's joint lead single alongside "[[Texas Hold 'Em (song)|Texas Hold 'Em]]". The song was a [[Surprise album|surprise release]] and debuted during [[Super Bowl LVIII]] on February 11, 2024, through [[Parkwood Entertainment]] and [[Columbia Records]].

"16 Carriages" is a [[Country music|country]] [[ballad]] about growing up and the relationship between parents and their children. Various music critics praised the song for its musical expression and Beyoncé's melodious vocals. It debuted at number nine on ''Billboard'''s [[Hot Country Songs]] chart, becoming Beyoncé's second top-ten entry.

== Background and release ==
[[Verizon]], an American multinational telecommunications company, released a short [[Super Bowl commercial|Super Bowl teaser]] with American actor and comedian [[Tony Hale]] squeezing lemons, referencing Beyoncé's sixth studio album, ''[[Lemonade (album)|Lemonade]]'' (2016).<ref>{{cite web |last=Getahun |first=Hannah |title=The Beyhive was right: Verizon's cryptic teasers led to a Beyoncé Super Bowl ad |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/verizon-mysterious-super-bowl-commercial-hint-beyonce-appearance-las-vegas-2024-2 |date=February 10, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[Business Insider]] |archive-date=February 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211032000/https://www.businessinsider.com/verizon-mysterious-super-bowl-commercial-hint-beyonce-appearance-las-vegas-2024-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another teaser commercial was released featuring Hale and the horse depicted on the cover of her seventh studio album ''[[Renaissance (Beyoncé album)|Renaissance]]'' (2022).<ref>{{cite web |last=Roeloffs |first=Mary Whitfill |title=Verizon Seemingly Confirms Beyoncé Starring In Super Bowl Ad—Here's What We Know |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2024/02/09/beyonce-super-bowl-commercial-verizon-advertisement-renaissance/?sh=6d98876341a6 |date=February 9, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[Forbes]] |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215061249/https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2024/02/09/beyonce-super-bowl-commercial-verizon-advertisement-renaissance/?sh=6d98876341a6 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Throughout the [[Super Bowl LVIII]], a minute-long commercial was released with Tony Hale challenging Beyoncé to break "Verizon's [[5G]] internet service."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dailey |first=Hannah |title=Beyoncé Confirms New Music in Verizon Super Bowl 2024 Commercial: Watch |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/beyonce-announces-new-music-verizon-super-bowl-commercial-1235605215/ |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-date=February 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217075854/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/beyonce-announces-new-music-verizon-super-bowl-commercial-1235605215/ |url-status=live }}</ref> During the commercial, Beyoncé attempts to break the internet by running a [[lemonade stand]], releasing a jazz saxophone album, launching a "[[Barbie|Barbey]]" doll collection, announcing her presidential campaign, and flying into space for a performance.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Gonzales |first=Erica |title=Beyoncé Is Bound to Break the Internet Again With Her Super Bowl Commercial |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a46723610/beyonce-super-bowl-commercial/ |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215061227/https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a46723610/beyonce-super-bowl-commercial/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Shortly after the commercial aired, Beyoncé posted a video teaser on [[Instagram]] with an unidentified woman starting up a car and driving afar on an empty road.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Denis |first=Kyle |title=Beyoncé Drops 2 New Songs, Unveils 'Act II' Release Date: Here's When It Arrives |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/beyonce-releases-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-super-bowl-2024-1235605227/ |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218143949/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/beyonce-releases-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-super-bowl-2024-1235605227/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The same day, the artist's official website was updated to announce her eighth studio album, ''[[Act II (Beyoncé album)|Act II]]''. The album's two lead singles, "16 Carriages" and "[[Texas Hold 'Em (song)|Texas Hold 'Em]]", were surprise released for digital download and streaming.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chelosky |first=Daniella |title=Beyoncé Surprise Drops New Songs "Texas Hold 'Em" & "16 Carriages" Following Super Bowl Commercial |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2251413/beyonce-act-ii-super-bowl-verizon/music/ |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[Stereogum]] |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218144139/https://www.stereogum.com/2251413/beyonce-act-ii-super-bowl-verizon/music/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/beyonce-releases-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-super-bowl-2024-1235605227/|title=Beyoncé Drops 2 New Songs, Unveils ''Act II'' Release Date: Here's When It Arrives|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|last=Denis|first=Kyle|date=February 11, 2024|access-date=February 12, 2024|archive-date=February 18, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218143949/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/beyonce-releases-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-super-bowl-2024-1235605227/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The track was written when Beyoncé was 38,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/backwoodsaltar/16-carriages-producer-breaks-down-renaissance-cowboy-carter|title="16 Carriages" Producer Breaks Down the Difference Between Working on 'Renaissance' and 'Cowboy Carter'|website=Complex|date=2024-03-22|access-date=2024-03-23|first=Joe|last=Price}}</ref> likely the summer of 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last=Trapp |first=Malcolm |title=Beyoncé Announces 'Renaissance Act II' Release Date And Delivers Two Country Singles |url=https://www.rap-up.com/2024/02/12/beyonce-announces-renaissance-act-ii-release-date/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Rap-Up]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212175333/https://www.rap-up.com/2024/02/12/beyonce-announces-renaissance-act-ii-release-date/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Partridge |first=Ken |title=Beyoncé Describes The Struggles Of Touring Life On New Song "16 Carriages" |url=https://genius.com/a/beyonce-describes-the-struggles-of-touring-life-on-new-song-16-carriages |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Genius (company)|Genius]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212180108/https://genius.com/a/beyonce-describes-the-struggles-of-touring-life-on-new-song-16-carriages |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Composition ==
The song is a [[Country music|country]] [[ballad]] written in the key of C♯ major <ref name="Mitchell">{{cite magazine |last=Mitchell |first=Gail |title=Beyoncé Lays Down Her Country Cards With New Singles '16 Carriages' & 'Texas Hold 'Em': Review |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/country/beyonce-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-review-1235605857/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212210600/https://www.billboard.com/music/country/beyonce-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-review-1235605857/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McClay |first=Caché |title=Listen to Beyoncé's two new songs, '16 Carriages' and 'Texas Hold 'Em' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2024/02/11/listen-to-beyonce-new-singles-16-carriages-and-texas-hold-em/72565942007/ |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212133409/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2024/02/11/listen-to-beyonce-new-singles-16-carriages-and-texas-hold-em/72565942007/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with [[percussion instrument]] and [[Steel (music)|steel]] pulse; thematically the lyric provides reflection about "growing-up", linked to the evolving relationship between parents and their children.<ref name=":Willman">{{cite web |last=Willman |first=Chris |title=Beyoncé Shows Her Country Music Cards With 'Texas Hold 'Em' and '16 Carriages': Song Review |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/reviews/beyonce-song-review-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-1235907579/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212133414/https://variety.com/2024/music/reviews/beyonce-song-review-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-1235907579/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":Sisario">{{cite news |last=Sisario |first=Ben |author-link=Ben Sisario |title=Beyoncé Announces New Album in Super Bowl Commercial |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/11/arts/music/beyonce-super-bowl-act-ii-country-album.html |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212033049/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/11/arts/music/beyonce-super-bowl-act-ii-country-album.html/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live }}</ref>

The song was co-produced by Beyoncé Knowles, alongside [[Atia Boggs]] and [[Dave Hamelin]]; it was co-written by Knowles, Boggs, Hamelin, and [[Raphael Saadiq]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Samuels |first=Keithan |date=February 11, 2024 |title=Beyoncé Drops Two New Songs: 'Texas Hold Em' and '16 Carriages' |url=https://ratedrnb.com/2024/02/beyonce-drops-two-new-songs-texas-hold-em-and-16-carriages/ |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[Rated R&B]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212133415/https://ratedrnb.com/2024/02/beyonce-drops-two-new-songs-texas-hold-em-and-16-carriages/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Corcoran |first=Nina |title=Beyoncé Announces New Album Act II, Shares Two New Songs: Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/beyonce-announces-act-ii-for-march-29/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212022554/https://pitchfork.com/news/beyonce-announces-act-ii-for-march-29/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Robert Randolph and the Family Band|Robert Randolph]] and Justin Schipper were credited as the players of the steel guitar.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wood |first=Mikael |title=Beyoncé announces her new album is on the way: Hear two songs now |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2024-02-11/beyonce-new-album-act-ii-texas-hold-em-16-carriages |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212040056/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2024-02-11/beyonce-new-album-act-ii-texas-hold-em-16-carriages |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tamburin |first=Adam |title=Some of Beyoncé's country collaborators have Nashville ties |url=https://www.axios.com/local/nashville/2024/02/13/beyonce-country-album-songs-nashville |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 14, 2024 |website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |archive-date=February 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214141636/https://www.axios.com/local/nashville/2024/02/13/beyonce-country-album-songs-nashville |url-status=live }}</ref> Beyoncé wore a hat designed by [[Gladys Tamez]], named "Houston" for her digital cover art.<ref>{{cite web |title=Houston |url=https://gladystamez.com/products/taurus |access-date=February 14, 2024 |website=Gladys Tamez Millinery |language=en |archive-date=February 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214054631/https://gladystamez.com/products/taurus |url-status=live }}</ref>

In an interview for ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', Randolph explained the recording session in [[Los Angeles]] with Beyoncé, [[Rhiannon Giddens]], Saadiq and Khirye Tyler:{{Blockquote|quote=When we did the first session, [...] Beyoncé already had an idea of what she wanted to do. She wanted to do something with some playing, with some country fire. [...] It's great for her to go this route. In country music for a longest time, it almost seemed like it was supposed to be out of left field when a Black artist says, 'Hey, I'm going to do a country record.'|author=Robert Randolph|source=in an interview with ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' about "16 Carriages" composition.<ref name="rollingstone1">{{Cite magazine |last=Browne |first=David |date=February 13, 2024 |title=Beyoncé Wanted Some 'Country Fire.' She Knew Just Who to Call |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/beyonce-country-songs-players-robert-randolph-rhiannon-giddens-1234967138/ |access-date=February 14, 2024 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |archive-date=February 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213230330/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/beyonce-country-songs-players-robert-randolph-rhiannon-giddens-1234967138/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

== Critical reception ==
"16 Carriages" received widespread acclaim from [[music critics]].{{efn|Attributed to ''[[Clash Magazine]]''{{'s}} Shahzaib Hussain,<ref>{{cite web |last=Hussain |first=Shahzaib |title=Beyoncé - 16 Carriages |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/reviews/beyonce-16-carriages/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Clash Magazine]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212224856/https://www.clashmusic.com/reviews/beyonce-16-carriages/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Consequence (magazine)|Consequence]]''{{'s}} Mary Siroky,<ref>{{cite web |last=Siroky |first=Mary |title=Beyoncé's Country Era Starts Strong with Two Songs: Review |url=https://consequence.net/2024/02/beyonce-country-songs-review-act-ii/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Consequence (magazine)|Consequence]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212195249/https://consequence.net/2024/02/beyonce-country-songs-review-act-ii/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]''{{'s}} Craig Jenkins,<ref>{{cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Craig |title=Beyoncé's New Country Songs Are Plain Ol' Fun |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/beyonce-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-review.html |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |language=en |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212210547/https://www.vulture.com/article/beyonce-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[The Times]]''{{'s}} [[Will Hodgkinson]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hodgkinson |first=Will |author-link=Will Hodgkinson |title=Beyoncé: Texas Hold 'Em/16 Carriages review — the star goes country |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/beyonce-new-singles-review-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-music-f0smnrjr3 |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |issn=0140-0460 |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212225801/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/beyonce-new-singles-review-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-music-f0smnrjr3 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} Chris Willman of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' stated that the song is lyrically associable with Beyoncé's "[[Daddy Lessons]]" song from her sixth studio album ''[[Lemonade (album)|Lemonade]]'' (2016) for its reflective "overt growing-up narrative" and for exploring "daddy issues", even if the song is "mostly just about having become a workhorse that got rode too hard before she had a chance to be a teenager".<ref name=":Willman" /> Gail Mitchell of ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' wrote that the song is "a vulnerable yet empowering autobiographical ballad" with "melodious vocals". Talking about the title, Mitchell suggested that the number "16" could refer to the age when Beyoncé signed with Columbia as a [[Destiny's Child]] member.<ref name="Mitchell" />

In a four-out-of-five review, Ben Beaumont-Thomas of ''[[The Guardian]]'' described the song as a "'[[Halo (Beyoncé song)|Halo]]'-proportioned" country song with "[[blues]] and [[gospel music|gospel]]-infused", in which Beyoncé is singing about "the graft of her career since her mid-teens". The writer stressed that it could "recalls the [Black] [[work song]]" for "claiming country as part of Black musical expression".<ref>{{cite news |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |title=Beyoncé: Texas Hold 'Em and 16 Carriages review – country gets brilliantly Beyoncéfied |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/feb/12/beyonce-texas-hold-em-and-16-carriages-review-country-gets-brilliantly-beyoncefied |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212160128/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/feb/12/beyonce-texas-hold-em-and-16-carriages-review-country-gets-brilliantly-beyoncefied |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ben Sisario]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' described the song as "an epic ballad" with the guitars swelling between the "organ-loud percussion" as the artist sings about losing innocence "at a young age."<ref name=":Sisario" /> Maria Sherman of ''[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]'' described the song as "a soulful slow-burn" in which Beyoncé sings "an ode to hard work and legacy".<ref>{{cite web |last=Sherman |first=Maria |title=Beyoncé drops new songs 'Texas Hold 'Em' and '16 Carriages.' New music 'Act II' will arrive in March |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/national/story/2024-02-11/beyonce-says-new-music-act-ii-will-drop-in-march |url-status=live |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[The San Diego Union Tribune]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212030825/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/national/story/2024-02-11/beyonce-says-new-music-act-ii-will-drop-in-march }}</ref>

In a less positive review, Chris Richards of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found that "16 Carriages" and "Texas Hold 'Em" were released as a pair "because neither could stand on its own" and had less impact than the previous lead singles "[[Formation (song)|Formation]]" or "[[Break My Soul]]". The writer wrote that both the songs "feel dull, dry, unimaginative, unnecessary, unconfident and uncool."<ref>{{cite news |last=Richards |first=Chris |title=Beyoncé goes country? Might be a wrong turn. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/2024/02/13/beyonce-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-review/ |date=February 13, 2024 |access-date=February 13, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |archive-date=February 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213174310/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/2024/02/13/beyonce-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Commercial performance ==
"16 Carriages" debuted at number nine on ''Billboard'''s [[Hot Country Songs]] chart, becoming Beyoncé second top-ten entry appearing simultaneously on the chart with "Texas Hold 'Em", which debuted at one.<ref name=":9">{{Cite magazine |last1=Unterberger |first1=Andrew |last2=Denis |first2=Kyle |last3=Lipshutz |first3=Jason |date=February 22, 2024 |title=Beyoncé's New Era Is Giving Other Black Women in Country a Big Boost, Too |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/beyonce-black-female-country-artists-streams-1235612581/ |access-date=February 23, 2024 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-date=February 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223011710/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/beyonce-black-female-country-artists-streams-1235612581/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personnel and credits==
'''Performers'''
*Vocals by Beyoncé

'''Musicians'''
*[[Atia Boggs|Atia "INK" Boggs]] – guitars
*Lemar Carter – drums
*[[Dave Hamelin]] – piano, organ, synths, guitars
*[[Robert Randolph and the Family Band|Robert Randolph]] – steel guitar
*Justin Schipper – steel guitar
*Ryan Svendsen – trumpet
*Justus West – guitars
*Gavin Williams – organ

'''Technical credits'''
*Beyoncé – production, vocal production
*[[Atia Boggs|Atia "INK" Boggs]] – production
*Matheus Braz – engineering assistance
*[[Dave Hamelin]] – production, recording engineering
*Hotae Alexander Jang – recording engineering
*[[Colin Leonard]] – mastering engineering
*Andrea Roberts – [[Pro Tools]] engineering
*[[Raphael Saadiq]] – additional production
*[[Stuart White (recording engineer)|Stuart White]] – additional production, Beyoncé vocal recording, mixing engineering

== Charts ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Chart performance for "16 Carriages"
! scope="col"| Chart (2024)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
{{single chart|Canada|78|artist=Beyonce|rowheader=true|access-date=February 21, 2024}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardglobal200|56|artist=Beyonce|rowheader=true|access-date=February 21, 2024}}
|-
! scope="row"| Ireland ([[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRMA]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irma.ie/index.cfm?page=irish-charts&chart=Singles|title=IRMA – Irish Charts|publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]|access-date=March 9, 2024|archive-date=August 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822180652/http://www.irma.ie/index.cfm?page=irish-charts&chart=Singles|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 57
|-
! scope="row"| New Zealand Hot Singles ([[Recorded Music NZ|RMNZ]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5760|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=February 19, 2024|access-date=February 16, 2024|archive-date=February 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216052145/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5760|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 9
|-
{{single chart|UK|44|date=20240216|rowheader=true|access-date=February 16, 2024}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardhot100|38|artist=Beyonce|rowheader=true|access-date=February 21, 2024}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardcountrysongs|9|artist=Beyonce|rowheader=true|access-date=February 21, 2024}}
|}

== Release history ==
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Release dates and formats for "16 Carriages"
! scope="col" | Region
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Format(s)
! scope="col" | Label(s)
! scope="col" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" | Various
| February 11, 2024
| {{hlist|[[Music download|Digital download]]|[[Streaming media|streaming]]}}
| {{hlist|[[Parkwood Entertainment|Parkwood]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |last=Treisman |first=Rachel |title=Beyoncé releases two new songs during the Super Bowl, teasing more to come |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/02/11/1230788187/beyonce-new-music-texas-hold-em |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[NPR|National Public Radio]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212133530/https://www.npr.org/2024/02/11/1230788187/beyonce-new-music-texas-hold-em |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Footnotes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Beyoncé songs}}

[[Category:2020s ballads]]
[[Category:2024 singles]]
[[Category:2024 songs]]
[[Category:American country music songs]]
[[Category:Beyoncé songs]]
[[Category:Columbia Records singles]]
[[Category:Country ballads]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Beyoncé]]
[[Category:Songs about parenthood]]
[[Category:Songs written by Atia Boggs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Beyoncé]]
[[Category:Songs written by Raphael Saadiq]]

16 Carriages

2024-04-04T07:19:59Z

89.84.127.36: Included the recording date as indicated in the Background and recording section of the page

{{short description|2024 single by Beyoncé}}
{{use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{infobox song
| name = 16 Carriages
| type = single
| artist = [[Beyoncé]]
| album = [[Cowboy Carter]]
| cover = Beyoncé – 16 Carriages.jpg
| alt = A digital artwork for "16 Carriages" with Beyoncé in front of a grey background, wearing a cowboy hat, and a black jacket.
| released = February 11, 2024
| recorded = Summer 2020 -->
| genre = [[Country music|Country]]
| length =
* 3:47 (album version)
* 3:54 (radio edit)
| label =
* [[Parkwood Entertainment|Parkwood]]
* [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
| lyricist =
* Beyoncé
* [[Atia Boggs]]
| composer =
* Beyoncé
* Boggs
* [[Dave Hamelin]]
* [[Raphael Saadiq]]
| producer =
* Beyoncé
* Atia Boggs
* [[Dave Hamelin]]
| prev_title = [[My House (Beyoncé song)|My House]]
| prev_year = 2023
| title = [[Texas Hold 'Em (song)|Texas Hold 'Em]]
| title2 = 16 Carriages
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{external music video
| type = single
| header = Visualizer
| 1 = {{YouTube|hhKNjTb6U1Y|"16 Carriages"}}
}}
}}

"'''16 Carriages'''" is a song by American singer [[Beyoncé]] from her eighth studio album, ''[[Cowboy Carter]]''. It serves as the album's joint lead single alongside "[[Texas Hold 'Em (song)|Texas Hold 'Em]]". The song was a [[Surprise album|surprise release]] and debuted during [[Super Bowl LVIII]] on February 11, 2024, through [[Parkwood Entertainment]] and [[Columbia Records]].

"16 Carriages" is a [[Country music|country]] [[ballad]] about growing up and the relationship between parents and their children. Various music critics praised the song for its musical expression and Beyoncé's melodious vocals. It debuted at number nine on ''Billboard'''s [[Hot Country Songs]] chart, becoming Beyoncé's second top-ten entry.

== Background and release ==
[[Verizon]], an American multinational telecommunications company, released a short [[Super Bowl commercial|Super Bowl teaser]] with American actor and comedian [[Tony Hale]] squeezing lemons, referencing Beyoncé's sixth studio album, ''[[Lemonade (album)|Lemonade]]'' (2016).<ref>{{cite web |last=Getahun |first=Hannah |title=The Beyhive was right: Verizon's cryptic teasers led to a Beyoncé Super Bowl ad |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/verizon-mysterious-super-bowl-commercial-hint-beyonce-appearance-las-vegas-2024-2 |date=February 10, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[Business Insider]] |archive-date=February 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211032000/https://www.businessinsider.com/verizon-mysterious-super-bowl-commercial-hint-beyonce-appearance-las-vegas-2024-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another teaser commercial was released featuring Hale and the horse depicted on the cover of her seventh studio album ''[[Renaissance (Beyoncé album)|Renaissance]]'' (2022).<ref>{{cite web |last=Roeloffs |first=Mary Whitfill |title=Verizon Seemingly Confirms Beyoncé Starring In Super Bowl Ad—Here's What We Know |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2024/02/09/beyonce-super-bowl-commercial-verizon-advertisement-renaissance/?sh=6d98876341a6 |date=February 9, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[Forbes]] |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215061249/https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2024/02/09/beyonce-super-bowl-commercial-verizon-advertisement-renaissance/?sh=6d98876341a6 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Throughout the [[Super Bowl LVIII]], a minute-long commercial was released with Tony Hale challenging Beyoncé to break "Verizon's [[5G]] internet service."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dailey |first=Hannah |title=Beyoncé Confirms New Music in Verizon Super Bowl 2024 Commercial: Watch |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/beyonce-announces-new-music-verizon-super-bowl-commercial-1235605215/ |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-date=February 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217075854/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/beyonce-announces-new-music-verizon-super-bowl-commercial-1235605215/ |url-status=live }}</ref> During the commercial, Beyoncé attempts to break the internet by running a [[lemonade stand]], releasing a jazz saxophone album, launching a "[[Barbie|Barbey]]" doll collection, announcing her presidential campaign, and flying into space for a performance.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Gonzales |first=Erica |title=Beyoncé Is Bound to Break the Internet Again With Her Super Bowl Commercial |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a46723610/beyonce-super-bowl-commercial/ |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215061227/https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a46723610/beyonce-super-bowl-commercial/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Shortly after the commercial aired, Beyoncé posted a video teaser on [[Instagram]] with an unidentified woman starting up a car and driving afar on an empty road.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Denis |first=Kyle |title=Beyoncé Drops 2 New Songs, Unveils 'Act II' Release Date: Here's When It Arrives |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/beyonce-releases-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-super-bowl-2024-1235605227/ |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218143949/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/beyonce-releases-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-super-bowl-2024-1235605227/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The same day, the artist's official website was updated to announce her eighth studio album, ''[[Act II (Beyoncé album)|Act II]]''. The album's two lead singles, "16 Carriages" and "[[Texas Hold 'Em (song)|Texas Hold 'Em]]", were surprise released for digital download and streaming.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chelosky |first=Daniella |title=Beyoncé Surprise Drops New Songs "Texas Hold 'Em" & "16 Carriages" Following Super Bowl Commercial |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2251413/beyonce-act-ii-super-bowl-verizon/music/ |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[Stereogum]] |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218144139/https://www.stereogum.com/2251413/beyonce-act-ii-super-bowl-verizon/music/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/beyonce-releases-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-super-bowl-2024-1235605227/|title=Beyoncé Drops 2 New Songs, Unveils ''Act II'' Release Date: Here's When It Arrives|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|last=Denis|first=Kyle|date=February 11, 2024|access-date=February 12, 2024|archive-date=February 18, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218143949/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/beyonce-releases-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-super-bowl-2024-1235605227/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The track was written when Beyoncé was 38,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/backwoodsaltar/16-carriages-producer-breaks-down-renaissance-cowboy-carter|title="16 Carriages" Producer Breaks Down the Difference Between Working on 'Renaissance' and 'Cowboy Carter'|website=Complex|date=2024-03-22|access-date=2024-03-23|first=Joe|last=Price}}</ref> likely the summer of 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last=Trapp |first=Malcolm |title=Beyoncé Announces 'Renaissance Act II' Release Date And Delivers Two Country Singles |url=https://www.rap-up.com/2024/02/12/beyonce-announces-renaissance-act-ii-release-date/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Rap-Up]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212175333/https://www.rap-up.com/2024/02/12/beyonce-announces-renaissance-act-ii-release-date/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Partridge |first=Ken |title=Beyoncé Describes The Struggles Of Touring Life On New Song "16 Carriages" |url=https://genius.com/a/beyonce-describes-the-struggles-of-touring-life-on-new-song-16-carriages |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Genius (company)|Genius]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212180108/https://genius.com/a/beyonce-describes-the-struggles-of-touring-life-on-new-song-16-carriages |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Composition ==
The song is a [[Country music|country]] [[ballad]] written in the key of C♯ major <ref name="Mitchell">{{cite magazine |last=Mitchell |first=Gail |title=Beyoncé Lays Down Her Country Cards With New Singles '16 Carriages' & 'Texas Hold 'Em': Review |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/country/beyonce-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-review-1235605857/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212210600/https://www.billboard.com/music/country/beyonce-new-songs-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-review-1235605857/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McClay |first=Caché |title=Listen to Beyoncé's two new songs, '16 Carriages' and 'Texas Hold 'Em' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2024/02/11/listen-to-beyonce-new-singles-16-carriages-and-texas-hold-em/72565942007/ |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212133409/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2024/02/11/listen-to-beyonce-new-singles-16-carriages-and-texas-hold-em/72565942007/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with [[percussion instrument]] and [[Steel (music)|steel]] pulse; thematically the lyric provides reflection about "growing-up", linked to the evolving relationship between parents and their children.<ref name=":Willman">{{cite web |last=Willman |first=Chris |title=Beyoncé Shows Her Country Music Cards With 'Texas Hold 'Em' and '16 Carriages': Song Review |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/reviews/beyonce-song-review-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-1235907579/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212133414/https://variety.com/2024/music/reviews/beyonce-song-review-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-1235907579/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":Sisario">{{cite news |last=Sisario |first=Ben |author-link=Ben Sisario |title=Beyoncé Announces New Album in Super Bowl Commercial |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/11/arts/music/beyonce-super-bowl-act-ii-country-album.html |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212033049/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/11/arts/music/beyonce-super-bowl-act-ii-country-album.html/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live }}</ref>

The song was co-produced by Beyoncé Knowles, alongside [[Atia Boggs]] and [[Dave Hamelin]]; it was co-written by Knowles, Boggs, Hamelin, and [[Raphael Saadiq]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Samuels |first=Keithan |date=February 11, 2024 |title=Beyoncé Drops Two New Songs: 'Texas Hold Em' and '16 Carriages' |url=https://ratedrnb.com/2024/02/beyonce-drops-two-new-songs-texas-hold-em-and-16-carriages/ |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[Rated R&B]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212133415/https://ratedrnb.com/2024/02/beyonce-drops-two-new-songs-texas-hold-em-and-16-carriages/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Corcoran |first=Nina |title=Beyoncé Announces New Album Act II, Shares Two New Songs: Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/beyonce-announces-act-ii-for-march-29/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212022554/https://pitchfork.com/news/beyonce-announces-act-ii-for-march-29/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Robert Randolph and the Family Band|Robert Randolph]] and Justin Schipper were credited as the players of the steel guitar.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wood |first=Mikael |title=Beyoncé announces her new album is on the way: Hear two songs now |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2024-02-11/beyonce-new-album-act-ii-texas-hold-em-16-carriages |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212040056/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2024-02-11/beyonce-new-album-act-ii-texas-hold-em-16-carriages |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tamburin |first=Adam |title=Some of Beyoncé's country collaborators have Nashville ties |url=https://www.axios.com/local/nashville/2024/02/13/beyonce-country-album-songs-nashville |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 14, 2024 |website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |archive-date=February 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214141636/https://www.axios.com/local/nashville/2024/02/13/beyonce-country-album-songs-nashville |url-status=live }}</ref> Beyoncé wore a hat designed by [[Gladys Tamez]], named "Houston" for her digital cover art.<ref>{{cite web |title=Houston |url=https://gladystamez.com/products/taurus |access-date=February 14, 2024 |website=Gladys Tamez Millinery |language=en |archive-date=February 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214054631/https://gladystamez.com/products/taurus |url-status=live }}</ref>

In an interview for ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', Randolph explained the recording session in [[Los Angeles]] with Beyoncé, [[Rhiannon Giddens]], Saadiq and Khirye Tyler:{{Blockquote|quote=When we did the first session, [...] Beyoncé already had an idea of what she wanted to do. She wanted to do something with some playing, with some country fire. [...] It's great for her to go this route. In country music for a longest time, it almost seemed like it was supposed to be out of left field when a Black artist says, 'Hey, I'm going to do a country record.'|author=Robert Randolph|source=in an interview with ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' about "16 Carriages" composition.<ref name="rollingstone1">{{Cite magazine |last=Browne |first=David |date=February 13, 2024 |title=Beyoncé Wanted Some 'Country Fire.' She Knew Just Who to Call |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/beyonce-country-songs-players-robert-randolph-rhiannon-giddens-1234967138/ |access-date=February 14, 2024 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |archive-date=February 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213230330/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/beyonce-country-songs-players-robert-randolph-rhiannon-giddens-1234967138/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

== Critical reception ==
"16 Carriages" received widespread acclaim from [[music critics]].{{efn|Attributed to ''[[Clash Magazine]]''{{'s}} Shahzaib Hussain,<ref>{{cite web |last=Hussain |first=Shahzaib |title=Beyoncé - 16 Carriages |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/reviews/beyonce-16-carriages/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Clash Magazine]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212224856/https://www.clashmusic.com/reviews/beyonce-16-carriages/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Consequence (magazine)|Consequence]]''{{'s}} Mary Siroky,<ref>{{cite web |last=Siroky |first=Mary |title=Beyoncé's Country Era Starts Strong with Two Songs: Review |url=https://consequence.net/2024/02/beyonce-country-songs-review-act-ii/ |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Consequence (magazine)|Consequence]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212195249/https://consequence.net/2024/02/beyonce-country-songs-review-act-ii/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]''{{'s}} Craig Jenkins,<ref>{{cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Craig |title=Beyoncé's New Country Songs Are Plain Ol' Fun |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/beyonce-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-review.html |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |language=en |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212210547/https://www.vulture.com/article/beyonce-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[The Times]]''{{'s}} [[Will Hodgkinson]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hodgkinson |first=Will |author-link=Will Hodgkinson |title=Beyoncé: Texas Hold 'Em/16 Carriages review — the star goes country |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/beyonce-new-singles-review-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-music-f0smnrjr3 |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |issn=0140-0460 |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212225801/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/beyonce-new-singles-review-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-music-f0smnrjr3 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} Chris Willman of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' stated that the song is lyrically associable with Beyoncé's "[[Daddy Lessons]]" song from her sixth studio album ''[[Lemonade (album)|Lemonade]]'' (2016) for its reflective "overt growing-up narrative" and for exploring "daddy issues", even if the song is "mostly just about having become a workhorse that got rode too hard before she had a chance to be a teenager".<ref name=":Willman" /> Gail Mitchell of ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' wrote that the song is "a vulnerable yet empowering autobiographical ballad" with "melodious vocals". Talking about the title, Mitchell suggested that the number "16" could refer to the age when Beyoncé signed with Columbia as a [[Destiny's Child]] member.<ref name="Mitchell" />

In a four-out-of-five review, Ben Beaumont-Thomas of ''[[The Guardian]]'' described the song as a "'[[Halo (Beyoncé song)|Halo]]'-proportioned" country song with "[[blues]] and [[gospel music|gospel]]-infused", in which Beyoncé is singing about "the graft of her career since her mid-teens". The writer stressed that it could "recalls the [Black] [[work song]]" for "claiming country as part of Black musical expression".<ref>{{cite news |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |title=Beyoncé: Texas Hold 'Em and 16 Carriages review – country gets brilliantly Beyoncéfied |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/feb/12/beyonce-texas-hold-em-and-16-carriages-review-country-gets-brilliantly-beyoncefied |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212160128/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/feb/12/beyonce-texas-hold-em-and-16-carriages-review-country-gets-brilliantly-beyoncefied |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ben Sisario]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' described the song as "an epic ballad" with the guitars swelling between the "organ-loud percussion" as the artist sings about losing innocence "at a young age."<ref name=":Sisario" /> Maria Sherman of ''[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]'' described the song as "a soulful slow-burn" in which Beyoncé sings "an ode to hard work and legacy".<ref>{{cite web |last=Sherman |first=Maria |title=Beyoncé drops new songs 'Texas Hold 'Em' and '16 Carriages.' New music 'Act II' will arrive in March |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/national/story/2024-02-11/beyonce-says-new-music-act-ii-will-drop-in-march |url-status=live |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[The San Diego Union Tribune]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212030825/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/national/story/2024-02-11/beyonce-says-new-music-act-ii-will-drop-in-march }}</ref>

In a less positive review, Chris Richards of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found that "16 Carriages" and "Texas Hold 'Em" were released as a pair "because neither could stand on its own" and had less impact than the previous lead singles "[[Formation (song)|Formation]]" or "[[Break My Soul]]". The writer wrote that both the songs "feel dull, dry, unimaginative, unnecessary, unconfident and uncool."<ref>{{cite news |last=Richards |first=Chris |title=Beyoncé goes country? Might be a wrong turn. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/2024/02/13/beyonce-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-review/ |date=February 13, 2024 |access-date=February 13, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |archive-date=February 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213174310/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/2024/02/13/beyonce-texas-hold-em-16-carriages-country-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Commercial performance ==
"16 Carriages" debuted at number nine on ''Billboard'''s [[Hot Country Songs]] chart, becoming Beyoncé second top-ten entry appearing simultaneously on the chart with "Texas Hold 'Em", which debuted at one.<ref name=":9">{{Cite magazine |last1=Unterberger |first1=Andrew |last2=Denis |first2=Kyle |last3=Lipshutz |first3=Jason |date=February 22, 2024 |title=Beyoncé's New Era Is Giving Other Black Women in Country a Big Boost, Too |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/beyonce-black-female-country-artists-streams-1235612581/ |access-date=February 23, 2024 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-date=February 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223011710/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/beyonce-black-female-country-artists-streams-1235612581/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personnel and credits==
'''Performers'''
*Vocals by Beyoncé

'''Musicians'''
*[[Atia Boggs|Atia "INK" Boggs]] – guitars
*Lemar Carter – drums
*[[Dave Hamelin]] – piano, organ, synths, guitars
*[[Robert Randolph and the Family Band|Robert Randolph]] – steel guitar
*Justin Schipper – steel guitar
*Ryan Svendsen – trumpet
*Justus West – guitars
*Gavin Williams – organ

'''Technical credits'''
*Beyoncé – production, vocal production
*[[Atia Boggs|Atia "INK" Boggs]] – production
*Matheus Braz – engineering assistance
*[[Dave Hamelin]] – production, recording engineering
*Hotae Alexander Jang – recording engineering
*[[Colin Leonard]] – mastering engineering
*Andrea Roberts – [[Pro Tools]] engineering
*[[Raphael Saadiq]] – additional production
*[[Stuart White (recording engineer)|Stuart White]] – additional production, Beyoncé vocal recording, mixing engineering

== Charts ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Chart performance for "16 Carriages"
! scope="col"| Chart (2024)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
{{single chart|Canada|78|artist=Beyonce|rowheader=true|access-date=February 21, 2024}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardglobal200|56|artist=Beyonce|rowheader=true|access-date=February 21, 2024}}
|-
! scope="row"| Ireland ([[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRMA]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irma.ie/index.cfm?page=irish-charts&chart=Singles|title=IRMA – Irish Charts|publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]|access-date=March 9, 2024|archive-date=August 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822180652/http://www.irma.ie/index.cfm?page=irish-charts&chart=Singles|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 57
|-
! scope="row"| New Zealand Hot Singles ([[Recorded Music NZ|RMNZ]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5760|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=February 19, 2024|access-date=February 16, 2024|archive-date=February 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216052145/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5760|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 9
|-
{{single chart|UK|44|date=20240216|rowheader=true|access-date=February 16, 2024}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardhot100|38|artist=Beyonce|rowheader=true|access-date=February 21, 2024}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardcountrysongs|9|artist=Beyonce|rowheader=true|access-date=February 21, 2024}}
|}

== Release history ==
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Release dates and formats for "16 Carriages"
! scope="col" | Region
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Format(s)
! scope="col" | Label(s)
! scope="col" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" | Various
| February 11, 2024
| {{hlist|[[Music download|Digital download]]|[[Streaming media|streaming]]}}
| {{hlist|[[Parkwood Entertainment|Parkwood]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |last=Treisman |first=Rachel |title=Beyoncé releases two new songs during the Super Bowl, teasing more to come |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/02/11/1230788187/beyonce-new-music-texas-hold-em |date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=[[NPR|National Public Radio]] |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212133530/https://www.npr.org/2024/02/11/1230788187/beyonce-new-music-texas-hold-em |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Footnotes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Beyoncé songs}}

[[Category:2020s ballads]]
[[Category:2024 singles]]
[[Category:2024 songs]]
[[Category:American country music songs]]
[[Category:Beyoncé songs]]
[[Category:Columbia Records singles]]
[[Category:Country ballads]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Beyoncé]]
[[Category:Songs about parenthood]]
[[Category:Songs written by Atia Boggs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Beyoncé]]
[[Category:Songs written by Raphael Saadiq]]

Transparency report

2022-05-26T13:31:28Z

89.84.127.36: /* External links */

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Course assignment | course = Education Program:University College London/MSIN1003 Information World (Autumn 2014) | term = 2014 Q3}}
A '''transparency report''' is a statement issued on a regular basis by a company, disclosing a variety of [[statistics]] related to requests for user [[data]], records, or content. Transparency reports generally disclose how frequently and under what authority [[government]]s have requested or demanded data or records over a certain period of time. This form of [[corporate transparency]] allows the public to discern what private information governments have gained access to through [[search warrant]]s and court [[subpoena]]s, among other methods. Some transparency reports describe how often, as a result of government action or under [[copyright]] provisions, content was removed. Disclosing a transparency report also helps people to know about the appropriate scope and authority of content regulation for online discussions.<ref name=Google>{{cite web|title=transparency report introduction|url=https://www.google.com/transparencyreport/removals/|accessdate=20 October 2014}}</ref>
[[Google]] first launched a transparency report in 2010, with [[Twitter]] following in 2012. Additional companies began releasing transparency reports as during the aftermath of the [[Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)|global surveillance disclosures beginning in 2013]], and the number of companies issuing them has increased rapidly ever since. Transparency reports are issued today by a variety of technology and communications companies, including [[Google]], [[Microsoft]], [[Verizon]], [[AT&T]], [[Twitter]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Dropbox (service)|Dropbox]], [[Facebook]], [[Yahoo]] and [[CloudFlare]]. Several companies and advocacy groups have lobbied the [[U.S. government]] to allow the number of secret data requests (requests which include a [[gag order]], including [[National Security Letter]]s) to be described within ranges in the report.

==Government demand increases in years==

===Google===
[[Google Search|Google's]] latest ''(10th)'' transparency report indicates that the government demands for data are increasing in recent years. This report shows demands from government in the first six months of 2014, and the firm said that it includes demands made under the US [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act]] (FISA) and through [[National Security Letter]]s (NSLs).
"FISA and NSL demands have increased by 15 percent during the six months, according to the firm, and by 150 percent over the 10 reports and the five year reporting period. That's globally. In the US the figures for the same period are 19 percent and 250 percent."
[[Google]] legal director ''Richard Salgado'' accepted that the government has to fight crime and deal with threats, but the opposition of data demands need to be considered as well.
''"This increase in government demands comes against a backdrop of ongoing revelations about government surveillance programs. Despite these revelations, we have seen some countries expand their surveillance authorities in an attempt to reach service providers outside their borders,"'' he said.
''"Governments have a legitimate and important role in fighting crime and investigating national security threats. To maintain public confidence in both government and technology, we need legislative reform that ensures surveillance powers are transparent, reasonably scoped by law, and subject to independent oversight."''
The report shows that the US makes the most demands for Google users' data, and Google said that it made 12,539 requests that affected some 22,000 accounts. It added that it provided data in 84 percent of cases.

In the UK it said there were 1,535 requests covering 1,991 users or accounts, and [[Google]] provided data for 72 percent of the requests.<ref name=google>{{cite web|last1=Dave|first1=Neal|title=Google's 10th transparency report shows government requests are rising|url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2369323/google-s-10th-transparency-report-shows-government-requests-are-rising|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917092446/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2369323/google-s-10th-transparency-report-shows-government-requests-are-rising|url-status=unfit|archive-date=17 September 2014|accessdate=20 October 2014}}</ref>

===Yahoo===
The latest Yahoo transparency report was released on 25 September 2014. The report states that 30,511 users were affected by 18,594 government data requests, whereas 57,324 accounts were affected by 29,470 government requests.<ref name=yahoo>{{cite web|title=Yahoo Government data request|url=https://transparency.yahoo.com/government-data-requests/index.htm|accessdate=21 October 2014}}</ref> However, both of these figures do not include those secret requests sent by the FISA court. During the last six month from ''July 1, 2013, to December 31, 2013'', it received between 0 and 1998 FISA requests for user data, affecting up to 54,997 users (including national security letters). Comparing to the first sixth month from ''January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2013'', 32,997 accounts was affected. As we can see from the figures, although the total number of data request drop, the number of data request approved from the FISA court have increased significantly.
Overall, 41 percent of accounts affected by government data requests came from requests made by the U.S. government.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yahoo Data requests drop, but FISA stats are worrying|url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/09/25/yahoo-transparency-report-over-30k-government-data-requests-nearly-half-from-the-u-s/|accessdate=21 October 2014}}</ref>

==Purpose==
Transparency reports may be published for a variety of purposes. One purpose could be to clarify how much information governments ask for, how such requests are evaluated, and how the receiving entity chose to respond. This information may lead consumers to the conclusion that the report's publisher is more trustworthy.<ref name=argument>{{cite web|title=Transparency reports useful, but more info needed on 'digital searches'|url=http://www.scmagazine.com/transparency-reports-useful-but-more-info-needed-on-digital-searches/article/376751/|accessdate=21 October 2014}}</ref>

However, there is some debate about what transparency reports really reveal. Some critics argue that mere quantities of requests may mislead consumers, since most entities have little control over the number of requests they receive, the breadth of the requests they receive, or even the number of requests they ultimately comply with.<ref name="transparency report">{{cite web|title=what transparency report don't tell us?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/12/what-transparency-reports-dont-tell-us/282529/#disqus_thread|accessdate=21 October 2014}}</ref>

Companies such as [[Google]], [[Microsoft]], [[Yahoo]], [[Facebook]], and [[Twitter]] all release transparency reports, all of which list the type and number of government data requests each company receives. These reports include exact numbers and shed a bright light on government activity. The U.S. government will not, however, permit companies to report exact numbers for national security requests or the number of requests that came under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance (FISA) Section 702, Patriot Act Section 215, or national security letters.
Instead, they have to aggregate the numbers or provide a range. And that's even if the government permits a company to publish that data. Google may publish national security letter information, but not FISA information. Facebook may publish FISA information, but it must lump such data in with NSL information. As a result, consumers cannot see the true figure for total government data requests.
Critics of this policy, such as the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]], argue that there is no clear national security justification for blocking entities from releasing this information.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why the transparency report is necessary in the fight for privacy|url=https://venturebeat.com/2013/09/12/transparency-reports/|accessdate=21 October 2014}}</ref>

==Conflicts between government and company==

In June 2013, [[Google]] asked the Department of Justice for permission to disclose details about the number of FISA requests it receives. As a result, [[Microsoft]], [[Yahoo]], and [[Facebook]] followed suit immediately. However, the Department of Justice refused those requests, and they only provide the companies with a heavily redacted version of their arguments.
Here's what Google legal director Richard Salgado had to say about FISA requests:
''"We want to go even further. We believe it’s your right to know what kinds of requests and how many each government is making of us and other companies. However, the U.S. Department of Justice contends that U.S. law does not allow us to share information about some national security requests that we might receive. Specifically, the U.S. government argues that we cannot share information about the requests we receive (if any) under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. But you deserve to know."''<ref name=conflicts>{{cite news|title=Google slams U.S. government in latest transparency report|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2063386/google-slams-u-s-government-in-latest-transparency-report.html|accessdate=22 October 2014|agency=PC WORLD}}</ref>

''“Our ability to speak has been restricted by laws that prohibit and even criminalize a service provider like us from disclosing the exact number of national security letters ('NSLs') and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act ('FISA') court orders received - even if that number is zero.”''avian network's veep for legal Ben Lee has blogged.<ref>{{cite web|title=Twitter sues US government for right to disclose NOTHING|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/10/08/twitter_sues_us_government_for_right_to_disclose_nothing/|publisher=The register|accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref>

On 7 October 2014, [[Twitter]] announce that there will be a lawsuit against the United States government for violating its First Amendment right to freedom of speech. The Transparency Report which would reveal how many national security letters (NSLs) and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) orders [[Twitter]] receives. They provided a draft of the transparency report to the Department of Justice and discussed it for months. [[Twitter]] was still unable to get the permission for allowing them to publish even a redacted version of the report from the government.
The response form FBI for its stance is that the information Twitter wants to publish "is classified and cannot be publicly released", they also said according to the framework provided on 27 January 2014, Twitter is only permitted to qualify its description of the total number of accounts affected by all national security legal process it has received but it cannot quantify that description with specific detail that goes well beyond what is allowed under the 27th Jan 2014 framework and that discloses properly classified information.<ref>{{cite web|title=FBI response|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/r/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2014/10/07/National-Security/Graphics/Exhibit%205%20-%2020140909%20FBI%20Letter%20to%20Twitter.pdf|accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref>

===About the government===
The United States government announced on 30 August 2013 that a transparency report which is in its own form will be released. Director of National Intelligence James Clapper announced the change on his office's [[Tumblr]] blog. He said that the decision will come naturally after President Barack Obama ordered the declassification of as much intelligence information as possible. Total numbers for national security letters, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) business records requests, FISA one register/trap and trace requests will be stated in the transparency report. Beside that, the report will also include the number of targets being investigated in each of these requests. The number will reflect the 12 months prior to the date published.
The inspiration of the report comes from the recent surveillance program leaks from former NSA-contractor Edward Snowden, according to an anonymous source speaking with the ''Washington Post''.
[[Google]], [[Twitter]], and [[Facebook]] all release their own forms of transparency report, however they are not allowed to release this sort of information in their report.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Meghan Kelly|title=U.S. to release transparency report with FISA and national security requests|url=https://venturebeat.com/2013/08/30/us-transparency-report/|accessdate=22 October 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
{{cols}}
* [[Censorship]]
* [[Internet censorship]]
* [[Global Network Initiative]]
* [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act]] (FISA)
* [[Electronic Communications Privacy Act]]
* [[National security letter]] (NSL)
* [[Surveillance]]
{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* Kashmir Hill, ''Forbes''. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2013/11/14/silicon-valley-data-handover-infographic/ Thanks, Snowden! Now All The Major Tech Companies Reveal How Often They Give Data To Government], November 2013.
* Google's Transparency Report. [http://www.google.com/transparencyreport/ "Transparency Report"]
* Twitter's Transparency Report. [https://transparency.twitter.com/ "Transparency Report"]
* Dropbox's Transparency Report. [https://www.dropbox.com/transparency/ "Transparency Report"]
* Yahoo's Transparency Report. [https://transparency.yahoo.com/ "Transparency Report"]
* Dropbox's Government data request principles. [https://www.dropbox.com/transparency/principles/ "data request principles"]
* Discord's Transparency Report. [https://discord.com/tags/transparency-reports "Transparency Report"]

[[Category:Business terms]]
[[Category:Politics]]

IOS 15

2021-06-12T17:24:10Z

89.84.127.36: iOS 15 is Bad !!!!!

{{Short description|Upcoming fifteenth major release of the iOS operating system}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:iOS 15}}
{{Infobox OS version
| name = iOS 15
| logo = IOS_15_logo.png
| logo_size = 85px
| screenshot = Ios15screenshot.png
| caption = iOS 15 Developer Beta 1 on an iPhone 6S Plus
| screenshot_size = 220px
| screenshot_alt =
| version_of = [[iOS]]
| developer = [[Apple Inc.]]
| family =
| working_state =
| source_model = [[Proprietary software|Closed]] with [[open-source software|open-source]] components
| released =
| RTM_date =
| GA_date = Late 2021
| marketing_target =
| programmed_in =
| language =
| update_model =
| package_manager =
| supported_platforms = {{plainlist|
'''[[iPhone]]'''
* [[iPhone 6S]]
* [[iPhone 6S|iPhone 6S Plus]]
* [[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
* [[iPhone 7]]
* [[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 8]]
* [[iPhone 8|iPhone 8 Plus]]
* [[iPhone X]]
* [[iPhone XS]]
* [[iPhone XS|iPhone XS Max]]
* [[iPhone XR]]
* [[iPhone 11]]
* [[iPhone 11 Pro]]
* [[iPhone 11 Pro|iPhone 11 Pro Max]]
* [[iPhone SE (2nd generation)]]
* [[iPhone 12|iPhone 12 Mini]]
* [[iPhone 12]]
* [[iPhone 12 Pro]]
* [[iPhone 12 Pro|iPhone 12 Pro Max]]
'''[[iPod Touch]]'''
* [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]
}}
| kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]])
| userland =
| ui = [[Cocoa Touch]] ([[multi-touch]], [[graphical user interface|GUI]])
| license = [[Proprietary software]] with open-source components
| preceded_by = [[iOS 14]]
| succeeded_by =
| website = https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=SW7nLR8M7_s
| support_status = Developer Beta
| other_articles = [[iPadOS 15]] (derivative for [[iPad]])
}}

'''iOS 15''' is the [[iOS version history|fifteenth major release]] of the [[iOS]] [[mobile operating system]] developed by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] for their [[iPhone]] and [[iPod Touch]] lines. The successor to [[iOS 14]], it was announced at the company's [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|Worldwide Developers Conference]] on June 7, 2021, and is expected to be released in late 2021.

== History ==
{{Further|iOS version history#iOS 15 / iPadOS 15}}

===Updates===
The first developer beta of iOS 15 was released on June 7, 2021 and the first public beta is due to be released in July 2021.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Version
!Build
!Release date
!Notes
|-
|style="background:#c1e6f5; text-align: center;" |15.0 beta
|19A5261w
|June 7, 2021
|
|}
Legend: {{legend-inline|#ececec|{{abbr|Past|iOS versions that have this color are no longer the latest version of iOS}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#d4f4b4|{{abbr|'''Current'''|The iOS versions that have this color are the latest public versions of iOS.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#c1e6f5|{{abbr|Beta|iOS versions that have this color are a beta version, and are not the latest public version.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

== Features ==

=== FaceTime ===
iOS 15 added a grid view and portrait mode to [[FaceTime]]. [[Surround sound|Spatial audio]] and vocal isolation were also added. Apple made joining a FaceTime call easier, with newly added links and calendar events, allowing [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] users to join calls.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kastrenakes|first=Jacob|date=June 7, 2021|title=FaceTime is coming to Android and Windows via the web|work=[[The Verge]]|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/7/22522889/apple-facetime-android-windows-web-ios-15-wwdc|access-date=June 7, 2021}}</ref>

==== SharePlay ====
SharePlay is a feature that allows users to listen to music, watch movies, share their screens, and more with other users while on a [[FaceTime]] call.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Griffin|first=Andrew|date=June 7, 2021|title=iOS 15: Apple reveals future of iPhone with new operating system update|work=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/ios-15-iphone-update-apple-release-date-b1861246.html|access-date=June 7, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Clark|first=Mitchell|date=June 7, 2021|title=Apple is building video and music sharing into FaceTime|work=[[The Verge]]|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/7/22522904/apple-shareplay-facetime-music-hulu-videos-tiktok-wwdc|access-date=June 7, 2021}}</ref> SharePlay works across [[iPhone]]s running iOS 15, [[iPad]]s running [[iPadOS 15]], and [[Macintosh|Macs]] running [[macOS Monterey]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gogia|first=Kanika|date=June 8, 2021|title=iOS 15: All you need to know|url=https://www.techietech.tech/ios-15-all-you-need-to-know/|access-date=June 9, 2021}}</ref>

=== Messages ===
Messages now displays multiple images in stacks, making them easier to navigate. More outfits are available for [[Memoji|Memojis]].

==== Shared with you ====
Messages also introduced a new feature called "Shared with you", which organizes links and other content shared via Messages in a dedicated section in their native apps for later viewing (for instance, a news article shared via messages is shown in the News app).{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

=== Focus ===
iOS 15 adds Focus Mode, which is designed to filter communications and notifications for a later time while enabled; Focus Mode can be enabled for various occasions, such as sleep and work. Users can select the apps and notifications that will be shown while Focus Mode is enabled. Focus Mode can also be enabled seamlessly with a user's routine, such as at specific times of the day, or upon arriving at a location. When Focus Mode is enabled, it can also show widgets and apps relating to the activity the user is doing, such as work.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

=== Safari ===
[[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] was completely redesigned, moving the search field to the bottom of the screen. It now has tab groups, allowing users to organize tabs and share entire groups of tabs. [[Browser extension|Browser extensions]] are available for the first time on both [[IPhone|iPhones]] and [[IPad|iPads]]. A new start page was also added in iOS 15.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

=== Security ===
iOS 15 features a menu that reports data collecting from third-party applications.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}} On compatible devices with an [[Apple A12|Apple A12 Bionic]] [[system on a chip]] or newer, [[Siri]] now converts audio into words on the device itself instead of sending it to Apple servers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vincent|first=James|date=2021-06-07|title=Apple’s Siri will finally work without an internet connection thanks to on-device processing|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/7/22522993/apple-siri-on-device-speech-recognition-no-internet-wwdc|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608045318if_/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/7/22522993/apple-siri-on-device-speech-recognition-no-internet-wwdc|archive-date=2021-06-08|access-date=2021-06-09|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref>

=== Other ===
Weather received an overhaul, with new animations and [[Weather map|weather maps]] in full screen. Maps has a new icon and now allows users to view 3D models of landmarks and cities, and it uses [[augmented reality]] to help navigate using the camera. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Porter|first=Jon|date=June 7, 2021|title=You'll soon be able to use your iPhone as ID at the airport|work=[[The Verge]]|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/7/22522864/apple-wallet-iphone-airport-ids-hotel-key-card-ios-15-wwdc|access-date=June 7, 2021}}</ref> Wallet added support for state issued ID in participating US states, home or apartment keys, hotel keys, and office keys. [[Notification Center]] has been rethought, with notifications having a new [[user interface]] and larger icons. A notification summary is also available to simplify one's routine. There is also a menu that reports data tracking from third-party applications.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 7, 2021|title=iOS 15|url=https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/ios-15/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407053941/https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/ios-15/|archive-date=April 7, 2021|access-date=June 7, 2021|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=MacRumors Staff}}</ref> Devices with an [[Apple A12|A12 chip]] or newer support Live Text in stock apps which can transcribe, copy and paste text from images.<ref>{{Cite web|title=iOS 15 Live Text feature can copy and paste text from any image|url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/21/06/09/ios-15-live-text-feature-can-copy-and-paste-text-from-any-image|access-date=2021-06-11|website=AppleInsider|language=en}}</ref>

== Supported devices ==
All the devices that supported [[iOS 13]] and [[iOS 14]] also support iOS 15. The following is a list of devices that support iOS 15:<ref>{{Cite news|last=Faulkner|first=Cameron|date=June 7, 2021|title=Here are the devices that can run iOS 15, iPadOS 15, macOS Monterey, and watchOS 8|work=[[The Verge]]|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/7/22523116/apple-ios-ipados-15-watchos-8-macos-monterey-wwdc-2021|access-date=June 7, 2021}}</ref>
{{col-begin|width=85%}}
{{col-break}}
===[[iPhone]]===
*
* [[iPhone 6S]]
* [[iPhone 6S|iPhone 6S Plus]]
* [[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
* [[iPhone 7]]
* [[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 8]]
* [[iPhone 8|iPhone 8 Plus]]
* [[iPhone X]]
* [[iPhone XS]]
* [[iPhone XS|iPhone XS Max]]
* [[iPhone XR]]
* [[iPhone 11]]
* [[iPhone 11 Pro]]
* [[iPhone 11 Pro|iPhone 11 Pro Max]]
* [[iPhone SE (2nd generation)]]
* [[iPhone 12|iPhone 12 Mini]]
* [[iPhone 12]]
* [[iPhone 12 Pro]]
* [[iPhone 12 Pro|iPhone 12 Pro Max]]
{{col-break}}

===[[iPod Touch]]===
* [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]
{{col-end}}

== See also ==

* [[iPadOS 15]]
* [[macOS Monterey]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{iOS}}
{{Apple software}}

[[Category:iOS|*15]]
[[Category:2021 software]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2021]]
[[Category:Mobile operating systems]]

IOS 12

2021-05-18T07:25:34Z

89.84.127.36: iOS Trump 0.3

{{lowercase title}}
{{Infobox OS version
| name = iOS Trump
| logo = Macintosh outrigger case.jpg
| logo_size = 1014px
| screenshot = Donald Trump official portrait.jpg
| caption = This is iOS 12
| screenshot_size = 240px
| screenshot_alt =
| collapsible =
| version_of = [[iOS]]
| developer = [[Apple Inc.]]
| family = [[IOS]]
| working_state =
| source_model = [[Proprietary software|Closed]], with [[open-source software|open-source]] components
| released = {{start date and age|2018|9|17|mf=yes}}
| RTM_date =
| GA_date =
| marketing_target = Phones and Tablets
| programmed_in =
| language =
| update_model = OTA, iTunes
| package_manager =
| supported_platforms = {{plainlist|
'''[[iPhone]]'''
* [[iPhone 5S]]
* [[iPhone 6]]/[[iPhone 6|6 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 6S]]/[[iPhone 6S|6S Plus]]
* [[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
* [[iPhone 7]]/[[iPhone 7|7 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 8]]/[[iPhone 8|8 Plus]]
* [[iPhone X]]
* [[iPhone XS]]/[[iPhone XS|XS Max]]
* [[iPhone XR]]
'''[[iPod Touch]]'''
* [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]]
* [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]
'''[[iPad]]'''
* [[iPad Air (1st generation)]]
* [[iPad Air 2]]
* [[iPad Air (3rd generation)]]
* [[iPad (5th generation)]]
* [[iPad (6th generation)]]
* [[iPad Mini 2]]
* [[iPad Mini 3]]
* [[iPad Mini 4]]
* [[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
* [[iPad Pro]] (12.9-inch 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation)
* [[iPad Pro]] (9.7-inch)
* [[iPad Pro]] (10.5-inch)
* [[iPad Pro]] (11-inch 1st generation)
}}
| kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]])
| userland =
| ui =
| license = [[Proprietary software]] with open-source components
| preceded_by = [[iOS 11]]
| succeeded_by = [[iOS 13]] (for iPhone and iPod touch) [[iPadOS 13]] (for iPad)
| website = {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909033052/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|title=iOS 12 - Apple|date=September 9, 2019}}
| support_status = Third-party application support and security updates by Apple
| other_articles =
}}
'''iOS 12''' is the [[iOS version history|twelfth major release]] of the [[iOS]] [[mobile operating system]] developed by [[Apple Inc.]] Aesthetically similar to its predecessor, [[iOS 11]], it focuses less on new functions than on performance, quality improvements and security updates. Announced at the company's [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|Worldwide Developers Conference]] on June 4, 2018, iOS 12 was released to the public on September 17, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.macrumors.com/2018/09/17/apple-releases-ios-12/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12 With Faster Performance, Memoji, Siri Shortcuts, Screen Time, Revamped Maps App, ARKit 2.0, and More|work=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=2018-09-17|language=en}}</ref> It was succeeded for the [[iPhone]] and [[iPod Touch]] by [[iOS 13]] on September 19, 2019 and for the [[iPad]] by [[iPadOS 13]] on September 24, 2019.

More than two and a half years after its release, iOS 12 continues to receive regular security updates for older devices that do not support iOS 13, with the latest 12.5.3 update released on May 3, 2021.

==History==
{{Further|iOS version history#iOS 12}}

===Introduction and initial release===

iOS 12 was introduced by [[Craig Federighi]] at the [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]] keynote address on June 4, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/04/live-from-wwdc-2018/|title=Live From WWDC 2018: Coverage of Apple's Keynote with iOS 12, macOS 10.14, and More|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> The first developer [[beta version]] was released after the keynote presentation,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/04/apple-seeds-first-beta-of-ios-12-to-developers/|title=First Beta of iOS 12 Now Available for Registered Developers|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> with the first public beta released on June 25, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/25/apple-releases-first-ios-12-public-beta/|title=Apple Releases First Public Beta of iOS 12|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> The initial release of version 12.0 was on September 17, 2018.

===Updates===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Version
!Build
!Release date
!Notes
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.0
|16A366
|September 17, 2018
|Initial release; Initial release on the [[iPhone XS]] and [[iPhone XS|XS Max]]
|-
|16A367{{efn|name=xr|[[iPhone XR]] only}}
|October 26, 2018
|Initial release on the [[iPhone XR]]; Preinstalled on some early devices
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.0.1
|16A404 16A405{{efn|name=maxxsxr|[[iPhone XS]], iPhone XS Max and [[iPhone XR]] only}}
|October 8, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/10/08/apple-releases-ios-12-0-1-update/|title=Apple Releasing iOS 12.0.1 With Fixes for Wi-Fi 2.4GHz Bug, Lightning Charging Issue|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=October 8, 2018|work=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-releases-ios-12-0-1-with-iphone-xs-charging-fix/|title=Apple releases iOS 12.0.1 with iPhone XS charging fix|last=Kingsley-Hughes|first=Adrian|website=ZDNet|language=en|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209084|title=About iOS 12 Updates|website=Apple Support|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1
|16B92 16B93{{efn|name=xr|[[iPhone XR]] only}} 16B94{{efn|name=xrre|Re-release of 12.1 for [[iPhone XR]] only on November 6, 2018}}
|October 30, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/3307120/ios/ios-121-features-release-date-how-to-install-beta.html|title=iOS 12.1 is released, adding with Group FaceTime, new emoji, dual-SIM, and more|last=Cross|first=Jason|date=October 30, 2018|work=[[Macworld]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2018/10/23/apple-iphone-xs-max-xr-camera-problem-beautygate-charging-ios-12-update-fix-release/#34d11091558c|title=Apple Quietly Admits To iPhone Selfie Issue|last=Kelly|first=Gordon|date=October 23, 2018|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18011306/apple-iphone-xr-review-camera-screen-battery-price|title=Apple iPhone XR review: better than good enough|last=Patel|first=Nilay|date=October 23, 2018|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115043120/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18011306/apple-iphone-xr-review-camera-screen-battery-price|archive-date=November 15, 2018|url-status=live|quote=Apple told me that the forthcoming iOS 12.1 update, currently in public beta, will address the issue of the front camera appearing to smooth out skin by picking a sharper base frame for Smart HDR, but I wasn’t able to test it yet.}}</ref> November 6, 2018{{efn|name=xrre}}
|Initial release on [[iPad Pro (3rd generation)]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.1
|16C50
|December 5, 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2018/12/05/apple-releases-ios-12-1-1-details-about-the-new-features-you-should-know-about/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.1.1: Details About The New Features You Should Know About|last=Chowdhry|first=Amit|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.2
|16C101 16C104{{efn|name=1212re|Re-release of 12.1.2 for all iPhones on December 20, 2018}}
|December 17, 2018 December 20, 2018{{efn|name=1212re}}
|Only for iPhones
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.3
|16D39 16D40{{efn|[[iPhone XS]], iPhone XS Max, [[iPhone XR]] and [[iPad Pro (3rd generation)]] only}}
|January 22, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209084|title=About iOS 12 Updates (Apple official website)|website=Apple.com|access-date=April 28, 2020}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.4
|16D57
|February 7, 2019<ref name="group-face-time-fix">{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/02/07/group-facetime-server-restored-following-ios-12-1-4-release-feature-disabled-on-older-versions/|title=Group FaceTime server restored following iOS 12.1.4 release, feature disabled on older versions|last=Hall|first=Zac|date=2019-02-07|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/08/30/google-shocks-1-billion-iphone-users-with-malicious-hack-warning/#268709502524|title=iPhone Attack Shock: Google Issues 1 Billion Apple Users With Critical Security Warning|first=Zak |last=Doffman|date=August 30, 2019|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.2
|16E227
|March 25, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=You Need to Update to iOS 12.2 Right Now|url=https://gizmodo.com/you-need-to-update-to-ios-12-2-right-now-to-fix-more-th-1833572278|access-date=2019-03-26|website=Gizmodo|language=en-us}}</ref>
|Initial release on [[iPad Air (3rd generation)]] and [[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3
|16F156
|May 13, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/05/13/apple-releases-ios-12-3/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.3 With New TV App and Channels Feature|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|
|-
|16F8155{{efn|name=ipt7o|[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]] only}}
|May 28, 2019
|Initial release on [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]; Preinstalled on some early devices
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3.1
|16F203
|May 24, 2019
|rowspan=2|
|-
|16F8202{{efn|name=ipt7o|[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]] only}}
| May 29, 2019
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3.2
|16F250
|June 10, 2019
|Exclusive to [[iPhone 8 Plus]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4
|16G77
|July 22, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/07/22/apple-releasing-ios-12-4-today/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4 With New Wireless Data Migration When Setting Up a New iPhone and Apple News+ Improvements|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|Adds support for the [[Apple Card]] service; adds migration tool between iPhones running iOS 12
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.1
|16G102
|August 26, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/08/26/apple-releases-ios-12-4-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4.1 With Jailbreak Vulnerability Fix|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|Undoes a vulnerability fix reversal from the previous release
|-
!colspan=4|Exclusive to iOS devices that do not support iOS 13 and above ([[iPhone 5S]], [[IPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]], [[iPad Air]], [[iPad Mini 2]], [[iPad Mini 3]] and [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]])
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.2
|16G114
|September 26, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/09/26/apple-releases-ios-12-4-2-update/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4.2 Update for Older iPhones and iPads|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=September 26, 2019|access-date=September 26, 2019}}</ref>
|rowspan=9|Security Fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.3
|16G130
|October 28, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/10/28/apple-releases-ios-13-2/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.2 With New Emoji, Deep Fusion for iPhone 11, Siri Privacy Options, and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=October 28, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.4
|16G140
|December 10, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210787|title=About the security content of iOS 12.4.4|date=December 10, 2019|access-date=December 10, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.5
|16G161
|January 28, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/01/28/apple-releases-ios-13-3-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.3.1 With Toggle for Turning Off U1 Chip in Latest iPhones|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=January 28, 2020|access-date=January 28, 2020|quote=Apple has also released an iOS 12.4.5 update for older devices.}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.6
|16G183
|March 24, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/03/24/apple-releases-ios-13-4/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.4 With New Mail Toolbar, iCloud Folder Sharing, Trackpad Support for iPad and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=March 24, 2019|access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.7
|16G192
|May 20, 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.5 With Exposure Notification API, Face ID Mask Updates, Group FaceTime Changes and More|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/05/20/apple-releases-ios-13-5/|website=MacRumors|language=en|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.8
|16G201
|July 15, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/07/15/apple-releases-ios-13-6/|title=Apple Releases iOS 13.6 With Car Key, Toggle to Turn Off Automatic Update Downloads, Audio Apple News+ Stories and More|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=July 15, 2020|access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.9
|16H5
|November 5, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.macrumors.com/2020/11/05/apple-releases-ios-14-2/|title=Apple Releases iOS 14.2 and iPadOS 14.2 With New Emoji, Control Center Music Recognition, Intercom, Wallpapers and More |author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=November 5, 2020|access-date=November 5, 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5
| rowspan="2" |16H20
| rowspan="2" |December 14, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/12/14/apple-releases-ios-14-3/|title= Apple Releases iOS 14.3 and iPadOS 14.3 With AirPods Max Support, ProRAW for iPhone 12 Pro, Apple Fitness+ and More|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=December 14, 2020|access-date=December 14, 2020|quote=Apple has also released an iOS 12.5 update for older iPhones, which brings the ability to use the Exposure Notifications system.}}</ref>
|-
|Adds COVID-19 exposure notification on [[iPhone 5S]] and [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5.1
|16H22
|January 11, 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2021/01/11/ios-12-5-1-exposure-notification-bug-fix/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.5.1 With Exposure Notifications Bug Fix for Older iPhones|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=January 11, 2021|access-date=January 11, 2021}}</ref>
|Solves an issue where Exposure Notifications could incorrectly display logging profile language on [[iPhone 5S]] and [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]].
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5.2
|16H30
|March 26, 2021
| rowspan="2" |Security fixes
|-
| style="background:#d4f4b4; text-align: center; " |'''12.5.3'''
|16H41
|May 3, 2021
|}
{{notelist}}
Legend: {{legend-inline|#ececec|{{abbr|Past|iOS versions that have this color are no longer the latest version of iOS}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#d4f4b4|{{abbr|'''Current'''|iOS versions that have this color are the latest public version of iOS.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#c1e6f5|{{abbr|Beta|iOS versions that have this color are a beta version, and are not the latest public version.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

==System features==
===Performance===
Performance optimizations were made in order to speed up common tasks across all supported iOS devices.<ref name="ars-iOS12-performance">{{cite web |first= Andrew |last=Cunningham |title=iOS 12 on the iPhone 5S, iPhone 6 Plus, and iPad Mini 2: It’s actually faster! |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/09/ios-12-on-the-iphone-5s-iphone-6-plus-and-ipad-mini-2-its-actually-faster/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=September 17, 2018 |access-date=September 18, 2018 }}</ref> Tests done by Apple on an [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 Plus]] showed apps launching 40% faster, the system keyboard activating 50% faster, and the camera opening 70% faster.<ref name="Verge">{{cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/4/17417730/apple-ios-12-iphone-update-best-features-wwdc-2018|title=The 17 biggest new features coming to the iPhone with iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref>

===Screen Time===
[[File:iOS12-ScreenTime.jpg|thumb|The Screen Time usage information screen in iOS 12 on an iPhone X]]
Screen Time is a new feature in iOS 12 that records the amount of time a user spent on the device. The feature also displays the amount of time the user used particular apps,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.imore.com/screen-time-iphone-and-ipad-ios-12-everything-you-need-know|title=Screen Time for iPhone and iPad in iOS 12: Everything you need to know! |work=[[iMore]]|access-date=2018-10-09|language=en}}</ref> the amount of time the user used particular categories of apps (such as games),<ref name="USA Today">{{cite news |title=Apple shows how iOS 12 will change your next iPhone |url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/baig/2018/06/04/ios-12-takeaways-how-latest-software-change-your-iphone/669223002/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |work=[[USA Today]] |language=en}}</ref> and the number of notifications the user received.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17870126/ios-12-screen-time-app-limits-downtime-features-how-to-use|title=How to use Apple’s new Screen Time and App Limits features in iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref>

Screen Time also provides blocking features to limit usage of apps (with time limits) or set other restrictions such as on purchases or explicit content. It replaces Restrictions in the iOS Settings app, but can also be used by adults to limit their own usage. These features can be used with or without a passcode. Without setting a passcode, the limits can easily be bypassed but may serve as a useful reminder of usage goals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mindful.technology/review-screen-time-iphone-ipad-ios-12/|title=Review: Screen Time for iPhone / iPad (iOS 12) |last=Emery |first=Justin |website= mindful.technology |access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>

===Shortcuts===
A dedicated application in iOS 12 allows users to set up Shortcuts, automated actions that the user can ask Siri to perform.<ref name="USA Today"/> Using the Shortcuts app, a user can create a phrase and type in the action they want Siri to do for them. Once they tell the phrase to Siri, Siri will automatically do the task they set for it in the Shortcuts app. The Shortcuts app replaces the [[Workflow (app)|Workflow]] app<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17847104/apple-siri-shortcuts-ios-12-app-download-features|title=Apple’s Siri Shortcuts app now available for iOS 12|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=September 17, 2018|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=September 17, 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> that Apple acquired in March 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/22/15030462/apple-acquires-workflow-iphone-utility|title=Apple bought the best utility app for the iPhone, Workflow|last=Bohn|first=Dieter|date=March 22, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=September 17, 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17847104/apple-siri-shortcuts-ios-12-app-download-features|title=Apple’s Siri Shortcuts app now available for iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>

===ARKit 2===
ARKit now allows users to share their view with other iOS 12-supported devices.<ref name="CNNMoney">{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Heather |title=iOS 12 highlights: Memoji, tech addiction tool, group FaceTime |url= https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/04/technology/apple-wwdc-announcements/index.html |work=[[CNN Money]]}}</ref> ARKit 2 additionally allows full 2D image tracking and incorporates the ability to detect 3D objects.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://developer.apple.com/arkit/|title=ARKit - Apple Developer|website=developer.apple.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-09}}</ref>

===CarPlay===
[[CarPlay]] can now run third-party navigation applications.<ref name="USA Today"/> (Waze, Google Maps, etc.)

===iPad===
The Voice Memos and Stocks apps are now available for iPads.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-announces-updates-to-stocks-voice-memo-apps-for-ipad-iphone/|title=Apple's Stocks, Voice Memo apps will be available for iPad, Mac |first=Ashlee Clark |last=Thompson|date=June 4, 2018}}</ref>

[[Control Center (iOS)|Control Center]] is separated from the app switcher on iPad and can be opened with a swipe down on the top right corner. In addition, [[iPhone X]]-style gestures are introduced across all iPads running iOS 12.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cultofmac.com/554433/new-ipad-gestures-ios-12/|title=New iPad Gestures in iOS 12|first=Christian |last= Zibreg |date=June 5, 2018}}</ref>

=== Keyboard ===
In iOS 12, the [[iOS 9#Other changes|trackpad mode]] (which allows the user to freely move the cursor) is enabled by long-pressing the space bar on devices without 3D Touch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2018/09/17/how-to-use-keyboard-trackpad-mode-on-every-iphone-and-ipad-with-ios-12/|title=How to use keyboard trackpad mode on every iPhone and iPad with iOS 12|last=Mayo|first=Benjamin|date=2018-09-17|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-20}}</ref>

=== App Switcher ===
For devices with gesture navigation and no home button ([[iPhone X]] and later), users can now force quit applications by swiping up from the bottom of the screen (without having to press and hold on them when in the app switcher).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2018/06/04/how-to-close-apps-iphone-x-ios-12/|title=iOS 12 makes closing applications on the iPhone X much easier|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2018-06-05|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>

=== Exposure Notification API ===
On December 14, 2020, Apple released iOS 12.5, which includes the Exposure Notification API ([[Backporting|backported]] from iOS 13) that provides access to the [[Apple / Google privacy-preserving contact tracing system]] that Apple have developed jointly with Google.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2020-05-20|title=Apple releases iOS 13.5, here are the new features|url=https://9to5mac.com/2020/05/20/ios-13-5-released-features-exposure/|access-date=2020-05-20|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2020-12-14|title=Apple releases iOS 12.5 for older iPhones with support for COVID-19 exposure notifications|url=https://9to5mac.com/2020/12/14/apple-releases-ios-12-5-for-older-iphones-with-support-for-covid-19-exposure-notifications/|access-date=2020-12-14|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US}}</ref> This is provided to support [[digital contact tracing]] which came to light during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zastrow|first1=Mark|date=19 May 2020|title=Coronavirus contact-tracing apps: can they slow the spread of COVID-19?|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2|url-status=live|journal=Nature|language=en|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01514-2|pmid=32433633|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519190204/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2|archive-date=19 May 2020|access-date=22 May 2020|s2cid=218765305}}</ref>

==App features==
===Messages===
[[Messages (Apple)|Messages]] in iOS 12 introduces a new type of customizable [[Animoji]] called "Memoji" which allows a user to create a 3D character of themselves. Apple also introduced Koala, Tiger, Ghost and T-Rex Animojis.<ref name="CNET">{{cite news |last1=Dolcourt |first1=Jessica |title=iOS 12: Siri shortcuts, group FaceTime and 'Memoji' Animoji of you |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/ios-12-for-iphone-and-ipad-officially-announced-wwdc-2018/ |work=[[CNET]] |date=4 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In addition, Apple added new text and GIF effects similar to those found on other social media applications.

===FaceTime===
[[FaceTime]] gains support for Animoji and Memoji, as well as new text and GIF effects similar to those found on other social media applications and in the Messages application.<ref name="Verge"/>

iOS 12.1, released on October 30, 2018, adds the ability to include up to 32 people in a FaceTime conversation. This feature is only supported with video by devices with the [[Apple A8X]] or [[Apple A9]] chip or later; it is only supported for audio on [[iPhone 5S]], [[iPhone 6]], and iPhone 6 Plus, and is not available at all on [[iPad Mini 2]], [[iPad Mini 3]], and [[iPad Air]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/10/30/apple-releases-ios-12-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.1 With eSIM Support, Real-Time Depth Control, Group FaceTime, New Emoji and More|work=[[MacRumors]]|date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> Group FaceTime was disabled on January 28, 2019 due to a software bug that allowed calls to be answered by the caller rather than the recipient, allowing video and audio to be transmitted unless the call was declined.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/29/18201667/apple-group-facetime-disabled-server-side-major-security-flaw-fix|title=Apple disables Group FaceTime following major security flaw|first=Tom |last=Warren |date= January 29, 2019|website=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> The functionality got restored on February 7, 2019, with the release of iOS 12.1.4. Group FaceTime remains disabled on devices running iOS 12 that are affected by the bug.

===Measure===
{{Main|Measure (Apple)}}
[[Measure (Apple)|Measure]] is a native AR application that allows the user to take measurements of real objects. It also works as a [[Levelling device|level]],<ref name="Verge"/> a feature that was originally packaged as part of the Compass app.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imore.com/compass-app|title=How to use the Compass on iPhone |last=Symons |first=Mick |date= September 1, 2016|website=[[iMore]]|language=en|access-date=2019-03-11|quote=How do you find your direction and level surfaces using your iPhone? With the built-in Compass app!}}</ref>

===Photos===
[[Apple Photos]] has been completely redesigned with four new tabs, including "Photos", "For You", "Albums", and "Search". The new "For You" tab replaces the "Memories" tab previously found in [[iOS 11]] and makes sharing recommendations, creates short-length video collages, photo editing suggestions, as well as featured photos from a specific day.<ref name="Verge"/>

While the "Photos" and "Albums" tabs received only a few cosmetic changes, the "Search" tab includes new Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning features which show the user photos by place and categories (e.g. animals, cars, objects).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sixcolors.com/post/2018/09/ios-12-adds-powerful-search-to-photos/|title=iOS 12 adds powerful search to Photos|last=Snell|first=Jason|author-link=Jason Snell|date=September 17, 2018|website=[[Six Colors]] |language=en-us|access-date= 2019-03-11}}</ref>

===Notifications===
Notifications are now grouped by application and have a "manage" button to turn off notifications for that app or to deliver them quietly right from the Notification Center without having to go into the Settings application.<ref name="imore-do-not-disturb">{{Cite news|url=https://www.imore.com/how-do-not-disturb-and-notifications-will-change-ios-12|title=How Do Not Disturb and Notifications will change in iOS 12|work=[[iMore]]|access-date=2018-06-11|language=en}}</ref>

===Do Not Disturb===
Do Not Disturb gives users more options for automation. Users can hide notifications indefinitely or scheduled like previously, but can also hide notifications for 1 hour, until a time of day, until leaving a location, or until the end of a scheduled event in Calendar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|title=iOS 12|website=Apple|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-08}}</ref>

===Voice Memos and Stocks===
Voice Memos and Stocks are supported on iPad, and have a newer design. Stocks was integrated with [[Apple News]] to show financial and other related news.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-announces-updates-to-stocks-voice-memo-apps-for-ipad-iphone/|title=Apple's Stocks, Voice Memo apps will be available for iPad, Mac|date=2018-06-04|work=[[CNET]]|access-date= 2018-06-07|language=en}}</ref>

===Apple Books===
iBooks was renamed [[Apple Books]], and the app was redesigned, with five new tabs, including "Reading Now", "Library", "Book Store", "Audio Books", and "Search".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/4/17425852/ibooks-redesign-apple-books-branding-ios-12-update-wwdc-2018|title=iBooks gets a redesign and new Apple Books branding in iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-06-23}}</ref> The new app design is similar to that of [[Apple Music]], and has been praised for its simplicity in allowing users to easily navigate their book library.{{Cn|date=February 2019}}

===Safari===
[[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] receives an update to Intelligent Tracking Prevention. This includes a feature which allows the user to disable social media "like" and "share" buttons.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.computerworld.com/article/3284104/apple-ios/apple-pushes-privacy-theme-in-safari-for-ios-12-mojave.html|title=Apple pushes privacy theme in Safari for iOS 12, 'Mojave' |last=Keizer |first=Gregg |work=[[Computerworld]] |access-date=2018-06-23|language=en}}</ref>

===Maps===
[[Apple Maps]] had started to be rebuilt from the ground up by relying on first-party map data instead of using map data provided by third parties. This allows for more accurate directions and predictions on the fastest routes.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/29/apple-is-rebuilding-maps-from-the-ground-up/|title=Apple is rebuilding Maps from the ground up|work=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref> The new maps were rolled out in sections and the entire US completed by the end of 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/12/27/apple-maps-rollout-us-complete/|title=Massive Apple Maps rebuild of the US complete as changes roll out to the Southeast|first=Michael|last=Potuck|date=December 27, 2019|website=[[9to5Mac]]}}</ref>

==Problems==

===Rainbow flag emoji===
After a [[Rainbow flag (LGBT movement)|rainbow flag]] [[emoji]] with an [[no symbol|interdictory sign]] over it appeared on [[Twitter]], several users [[call-out culture|accused]] [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] of encouraging [[Anti-LGBT rhetoric|anti-LGBT]] attitudes. However, [[Emojipedia]] has clarified that this occurs when a user tweets the two emojis together and is not an intended feature. This can be used with other emojis as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/anti-lgbt-emoji-twitter-gay-pride-flag-homphobic-viral-a8787686.html|title='Anti-LGBT' emoji sparks outrage on Twitter |last=Young |first= Sarah |date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.fastcompany.com/90309797/no-theres-not-a-new-anti-lgbt-emoji|title=No, there's not a new anti-LGBT emoji|work=[[Fast Company]]|last=Guthrie Weisman|first=Cale|date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.dailydot.com/irl/anti-lgbtq-emoji-isnt-real/|title=The truth behind the anti-LGBTQ emoji controversy |work=[[The Daily Dot]] |last=Dalbey|first=Alex|date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref>

===FaceTime eavesdropping issue===
{{Main|FaceTime#Group FaceTime bug}}
Earlier in 2019 Apple acknowledged a widespread eavesdropping FaceTime issue impacting several versions of iOS 12 (versions 12.1–12.1.3) that allowed users to call someone via FaceTime and hear the audio coming from their phone before answering the call.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.minicreo.com/ios-12-problems/|title='FaceTime Eavesdropping Issue' in iOS 12 |last=Woods |first= Kelly |date=24 May 2019|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> That bug was fixed in iOS 12.1.4.<ref name="group-face-time-fix"/>

==Supported devices==
Any device that supports iOS 11 can be upgraded to iOS 12.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.computerworld.com/article/3282811/which-iphones-ipads-support-apples-ios-12.html|title=Which iPhones, iPads support Apple's iOS 12?|website=[[Computerworld]]|last1=Keizer|first1=Gregg|date=June 19, 2018|access-date=March 11, 2019}}</ref> However, devices, such as the [[iPhone 5S]], [[iPhone 6|6]], [[iPhone 6|6 Plus]] and the [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]] all have limited support due to having an A7 or A8 chip and 1GB of RAM.
These are the list of the devices that support iOS 12:

{{col-begin|width=75%}}
{{col-break}}
===[[iPhone]]===
*[[iPhone 5S]]
*[[iPhone 6]]
*[[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 Plus]]
*[[iPhone 6S]]
*[[iPhone 6S|iPhone 6S Plus]]
*[[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
*[[iPhone 7]]
*[[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]]
*[[iPhone 8]]
*[[iPhone 8|iPhone 8 Plus]]
*[[iPhone X]]
*[[iPhone XS]]
*[[iPhone XS Max]]
*[[iPhone XR]]
{{col-break}}

===[[iPod Touch]]===
*[[iPod Touch (6th generation)]]
*[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]
{{col-break}}

===[[iPad]]===
*[[iPad Air|iPad Air (1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Air 2]]
*[[iPad Air (2019)|iPad Air (3rd generation)]]
*[[iPad (2017)|iPad (5th generation)]]
*[[iPad (2018)|iPad (6th generation)]]
*[[iPad Mini 2]]
*[[iPad Mini 3]]
*[[iPad Mini 4]]
*[[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (9.7-inch)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (10.5-inch)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (11-inch, 1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 2nd generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 3rd generation)]]
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910162202/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|date=September 10, 2019|title=Official website}}

{{iOS}}
{{Darwin derivations}}
{{Apple software}}
[[Category:IOS|*12]]
[[Category:2018 software]]
[[Category:Tablet operating systems]]

IOS 12

2021-05-18T07:23:39Z

89.84.127.36: iOS Trump

{{lowercase title}}
{{Infobox OS version
| name = iOS Trump
| logo = MacintoshII.jpg
| logo_size = 85px
| screenshot = Donald Trump August 19, 2015 (cropped).jpg
| caption = This is iOS 12
| screenshot_size = 240px
| screenshot_alt =
| collapsible =
| version_of = [[iOS]]
| developer = [[Apple Inc.]]
| family = [[IOS]]
| working_state =
| source_model = [[Proprietary software|Closed]], with [[open-source software|open-source]] components
| released = {{start date and age|2018|9|17|mf=yes}}
| RTM_date =
| GA_date =
| marketing_target = Phones and Tablets
| programmed_in =
| language =
| update_model = OTA, iTunes
| package_manager =
| supported_platforms = {{plainlist|
'''[[iPhone]]'''
* [[iPhone 5S]]
* [[iPhone 6]]/[[iPhone 6|6 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 6S]]/[[iPhone 6S|6S Plus]]
* [[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
* [[iPhone 7]]/[[iPhone 7|7 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 8]]/[[iPhone 8|8 Plus]]
* [[iPhone X]]
* [[iPhone XS]]/[[iPhone XS|XS Max]]
* [[iPhone XR]]
'''[[iPod Touch]]'''
* [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]]
* [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]
'''[[iPad]]'''
* [[iPad Air (1st generation)]]
* [[iPad Air 2]]
* [[iPad Air (3rd generation)]]
* [[iPad (5th generation)]]
* [[iPad (6th generation)]]
* [[iPad Mini 2]]
* [[iPad Mini 3]]
* [[iPad Mini 4]]
* [[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
* [[iPad Pro]] (12.9-inch 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation)
* [[iPad Pro]] (9.7-inch)
* [[iPad Pro]] (10.5-inch)
* [[iPad Pro]] (11-inch 1st generation)
}}
| kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]])
| userland =
| ui =
| license = [[Proprietary software]] with open-source components
| preceded_by = [[iOS 11]]
| succeeded_by = [[iOS 13]] (for iPhone and iPod touch) [[iPadOS 13]] (for iPad)
| website = {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909033052/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|title=iOS 12 - Apple|date=September 9, 2019}}
| support_status = Third-party application support and security updates by Apple
| other_articles =
}}
'''iOS 12''' is the [[iOS version history|twelfth major release]] of the [[iOS]] [[mobile operating system]] developed by [[Apple Inc.]] Aesthetically similar to its predecessor, [[iOS 11]], it focuses less on new functions than on performance, quality improvements and security updates. Announced at the company's [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|Worldwide Developers Conference]] on June 4, 2018, iOS 12 was released to the public on September 17, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.macrumors.com/2018/09/17/apple-releases-ios-12/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12 With Faster Performance, Memoji, Siri Shortcuts, Screen Time, Revamped Maps App, ARKit 2.0, and More|work=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=2018-09-17|language=en}}</ref> It was succeeded for the [[iPhone]] and [[iPod Touch]] by [[iOS 13]] on September 19, 2019 and for the [[iPad]] by [[iPadOS 13]] on September 24, 2019.

More than two and a half years after its release, iOS 12 continues to receive regular security updates for older devices that do not support iOS 13, with the latest 12.5.3 update released on May 3, 2021.

==History==
{{Further|iOS version history#iOS 12}}

===Introduction and initial release===

iOS 12 was introduced by [[Craig Federighi]] at the [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]] keynote address on June 4, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/04/live-from-wwdc-2018/|title=Live From WWDC 2018: Coverage of Apple's Keynote with iOS 12, macOS 10.14, and More|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> The first developer [[beta version]] was released after the keynote presentation,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/04/apple-seeds-first-beta-of-ios-12-to-developers/|title=First Beta of iOS 12 Now Available for Registered Developers|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> with the first public beta released on June 25, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/25/apple-releases-first-ios-12-public-beta/|title=Apple Releases First Public Beta of iOS 12|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> The initial release of version 12.0 was on September 17, 2018.

===Updates===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Version
!Build
!Release date
!Notes
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.0
|16A366
|September 17, 2018
|Initial release; Initial release on the [[iPhone XS]] and [[iPhone XS|XS Max]]
|-
|16A367{{efn|name=xr|[[iPhone XR]] only}}
|October 26, 2018
|Initial release on the [[iPhone XR]]; Preinstalled on some early devices
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.0.1
|16A404 16A405{{efn|name=maxxsxr|[[iPhone XS]], iPhone XS Max and [[iPhone XR]] only}}
|October 8, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/10/08/apple-releases-ios-12-0-1-update/|title=Apple Releasing iOS 12.0.1 With Fixes for Wi-Fi 2.4GHz Bug, Lightning Charging Issue|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=October 8, 2018|work=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-releases-ios-12-0-1-with-iphone-xs-charging-fix/|title=Apple releases iOS 12.0.1 with iPhone XS charging fix|last=Kingsley-Hughes|first=Adrian|website=ZDNet|language=en|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209084|title=About iOS 12 Updates|website=Apple Support|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1
|16B92 16B93{{efn|name=xr|[[iPhone XR]] only}} 16B94{{efn|name=xrre|Re-release of 12.1 for [[iPhone XR]] only on November 6, 2018}}
|October 30, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/3307120/ios/ios-121-features-release-date-how-to-install-beta.html|title=iOS 12.1 is released, adding with Group FaceTime, new emoji, dual-SIM, and more|last=Cross|first=Jason|date=October 30, 2018|work=[[Macworld]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2018/10/23/apple-iphone-xs-max-xr-camera-problem-beautygate-charging-ios-12-update-fix-release/#34d11091558c|title=Apple Quietly Admits To iPhone Selfie Issue|last=Kelly|first=Gordon|date=October 23, 2018|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18011306/apple-iphone-xr-review-camera-screen-battery-price|title=Apple iPhone XR review: better than good enough|last=Patel|first=Nilay|date=October 23, 2018|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115043120/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18011306/apple-iphone-xr-review-camera-screen-battery-price|archive-date=November 15, 2018|url-status=live|quote=Apple told me that the forthcoming iOS 12.1 update, currently in public beta, will address the issue of the front camera appearing to smooth out skin by picking a sharper base frame for Smart HDR, but I wasn’t able to test it yet.}}</ref> November 6, 2018{{efn|name=xrre}}
|Initial release on [[iPad Pro (3rd generation)]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.1
|16C50
|December 5, 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2018/12/05/apple-releases-ios-12-1-1-details-about-the-new-features-you-should-know-about/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.1.1: Details About The New Features You Should Know About|last=Chowdhry|first=Amit|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.2
|16C101 16C104{{efn|name=1212re|Re-release of 12.1.2 for all iPhones on December 20, 2018}}
|December 17, 2018 December 20, 2018{{efn|name=1212re}}
|Only for iPhones
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.3
|16D39 16D40{{efn|[[iPhone XS]], iPhone XS Max, [[iPhone XR]] and [[iPad Pro (3rd generation)]] only}}
|January 22, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209084|title=About iOS 12 Updates (Apple official website)|website=Apple.com|access-date=April 28, 2020}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.4
|16D57
|February 7, 2019<ref name="group-face-time-fix">{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/02/07/group-facetime-server-restored-following-ios-12-1-4-release-feature-disabled-on-older-versions/|title=Group FaceTime server restored following iOS 12.1.4 release, feature disabled on older versions|last=Hall|first=Zac|date=2019-02-07|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/08/30/google-shocks-1-billion-iphone-users-with-malicious-hack-warning/#268709502524|title=iPhone Attack Shock: Google Issues 1 Billion Apple Users With Critical Security Warning|first=Zak |last=Doffman|date=August 30, 2019|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.2
|16E227
|March 25, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=You Need to Update to iOS 12.2 Right Now|url=https://gizmodo.com/you-need-to-update-to-ios-12-2-right-now-to-fix-more-th-1833572278|access-date=2019-03-26|website=Gizmodo|language=en-us}}</ref>
|Initial release on [[iPad Air (3rd generation)]] and [[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3
|16F156
|May 13, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/05/13/apple-releases-ios-12-3/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.3 With New TV App and Channels Feature|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|
|-
|16F8155{{efn|name=ipt7o|[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]] only}}
|May 28, 2019
|Initial release on [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]; Preinstalled on some early devices
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3.1
|16F203
|May 24, 2019
|rowspan=2|
|-
|16F8202{{efn|name=ipt7o|[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]] only}}
| May 29, 2019
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3.2
|16F250
|June 10, 2019
|Exclusive to [[iPhone 8 Plus]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4
|16G77
|July 22, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/07/22/apple-releasing-ios-12-4-today/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4 With New Wireless Data Migration When Setting Up a New iPhone and Apple News+ Improvements|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|Adds support for the [[Apple Card]] service; adds migration tool between iPhones running iOS 12
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.1
|16G102
|August 26, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/08/26/apple-releases-ios-12-4-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4.1 With Jailbreak Vulnerability Fix|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|Undoes a vulnerability fix reversal from the previous release
|-
!colspan=4|Exclusive to iOS devices that do not support iOS 13 and above ([[iPhone 5S]], [[IPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]], [[iPad Air]], [[iPad Mini 2]], [[iPad Mini 3]] and [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]])
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.2
|16G114
|September 26, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/09/26/apple-releases-ios-12-4-2-update/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4.2 Update for Older iPhones and iPads|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=September 26, 2019|access-date=September 26, 2019}}</ref>
|rowspan=9|Security Fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.3
|16G130
|October 28, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/10/28/apple-releases-ios-13-2/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.2 With New Emoji, Deep Fusion for iPhone 11, Siri Privacy Options, and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=October 28, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.4
|16G140
|December 10, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210787|title=About the security content of iOS 12.4.4|date=December 10, 2019|access-date=December 10, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.5
|16G161
|January 28, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/01/28/apple-releases-ios-13-3-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.3.1 With Toggle for Turning Off U1 Chip in Latest iPhones|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=January 28, 2020|access-date=January 28, 2020|quote=Apple has also released an iOS 12.4.5 update for older devices.}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.6
|16G183
|March 24, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/03/24/apple-releases-ios-13-4/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.4 With New Mail Toolbar, iCloud Folder Sharing, Trackpad Support for iPad and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=March 24, 2019|access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.7
|16G192
|May 20, 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.5 With Exposure Notification API, Face ID Mask Updates, Group FaceTime Changes and More|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/05/20/apple-releases-ios-13-5/|website=MacRumors|language=en|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.8
|16G201
|July 15, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/07/15/apple-releases-ios-13-6/|title=Apple Releases iOS 13.6 With Car Key, Toggle to Turn Off Automatic Update Downloads, Audio Apple News+ Stories and More|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=July 15, 2020|access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.9
|16H5
|November 5, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.macrumors.com/2020/11/05/apple-releases-ios-14-2/|title=Apple Releases iOS 14.2 and iPadOS 14.2 With New Emoji, Control Center Music Recognition, Intercom, Wallpapers and More |author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=November 5, 2020|access-date=November 5, 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5
| rowspan="2" |16H20
| rowspan="2" |December 14, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/12/14/apple-releases-ios-14-3/|title= Apple Releases iOS 14.3 and iPadOS 14.3 With AirPods Max Support, ProRAW for iPhone 12 Pro, Apple Fitness+ and More|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=December 14, 2020|access-date=December 14, 2020|quote=Apple has also released an iOS 12.5 update for older iPhones, which brings the ability to use the Exposure Notifications system.}}</ref>
|-
|Adds COVID-19 exposure notification on [[iPhone 5S]] and [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5.1
|16H22
|January 11, 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2021/01/11/ios-12-5-1-exposure-notification-bug-fix/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.5.1 With Exposure Notifications Bug Fix for Older iPhones|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=January 11, 2021|access-date=January 11, 2021}}</ref>
|Solves an issue where Exposure Notifications could incorrectly display logging profile language on [[iPhone 5S]] and [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]].
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5.2
|16H30
|March 26, 2021
| rowspan="2" |Security fixes
|-
| style="background:#d4f4b4; text-align: center; " |'''12.5.3'''
|16H41
|May 3, 2021
|}
{{notelist}}
Legend: {{legend-inline|#ececec|{{abbr|Past|iOS versions that have this color are no longer the latest version of iOS}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#d4f4b4|{{abbr|'''Current'''|iOS versions that have this color are the latest public version of iOS.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#c1e6f5|{{abbr|Beta|iOS versions that have this color are a beta version, and are not the latest public version.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

==System features==
===Performance===
Performance optimizations were made in order to speed up common tasks across all supported iOS devices.<ref name="ars-iOS12-performance">{{cite web |first= Andrew |last=Cunningham |title=iOS 12 on the iPhone 5S, iPhone 6 Plus, and iPad Mini 2: It’s actually faster! |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/09/ios-12-on-the-iphone-5s-iphone-6-plus-and-ipad-mini-2-its-actually-faster/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=September 17, 2018 |access-date=September 18, 2018 }}</ref> Tests done by Apple on an [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 Plus]] showed apps launching 40% faster, the system keyboard activating 50% faster, and the camera opening 70% faster.<ref name="Verge">{{cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/4/17417730/apple-ios-12-iphone-update-best-features-wwdc-2018|title=The 17 biggest new features coming to the iPhone with iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref>

===Screen Time===
[[File:iOS12-ScreenTime.jpg|thumb|The Screen Time usage information screen in iOS 12 on an iPhone X]]
Screen Time is a new feature in iOS 12 that records the amount of time a user spent on the device. The feature also displays the amount of time the user used particular apps,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.imore.com/screen-time-iphone-and-ipad-ios-12-everything-you-need-know|title=Screen Time for iPhone and iPad in iOS 12: Everything you need to know! |work=[[iMore]]|access-date=2018-10-09|language=en}}</ref> the amount of time the user used particular categories of apps (such as games),<ref name="USA Today">{{cite news |title=Apple shows how iOS 12 will change your next iPhone |url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/baig/2018/06/04/ios-12-takeaways-how-latest-software-change-your-iphone/669223002/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |work=[[USA Today]] |language=en}}</ref> and the number of notifications the user received.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17870126/ios-12-screen-time-app-limits-downtime-features-how-to-use|title=How to use Apple’s new Screen Time and App Limits features in iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref>

Screen Time also provides blocking features to limit usage of apps (with time limits) or set other restrictions such as on purchases or explicit content. It replaces Restrictions in the iOS Settings app, but can also be used by adults to limit their own usage. These features can be used with or without a passcode. Without setting a passcode, the limits can easily be bypassed but may serve as a useful reminder of usage goals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mindful.technology/review-screen-time-iphone-ipad-ios-12/|title=Review: Screen Time for iPhone / iPad (iOS 12) |last=Emery |first=Justin |website= mindful.technology |access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>

===Shortcuts===
A dedicated application in iOS 12 allows users to set up Shortcuts, automated actions that the user can ask Siri to perform.<ref name="USA Today"/> Using the Shortcuts app, a user can create a phrase and type in the action they want Siri to do for them. Once they tell the phrase to Siri, Siri will automatically do the task they set for it in the Shortcuts app. The Shortcuts app replaces the [[Workflow (app)|Workflow]] app<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17847104/apple-siri-shortcuts-ios-12-app-download-features|title=Apple’s Siri Shortcuts app now available for iOS 12|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=September 17, 2018|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=September 17, 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> that Apple acquired in March 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/22/15030462/apple-acquires-workflow-iphone-utility|title=Apple bought the best utility app for the iPhone, Workflow|last=Bohn|first=Dieter|date=March 22, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=September 17, 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17847104/apple-siri-shortcuts-ios-12-app-download-features|title=Apple’s Siri Shortcuts app now available for iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>

===ARKit 2===
ARKit now allows users to share their view with other iOS 12-supported devices.<ref name="CNNMoney">{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Heather |title=iOS 12 highlights: Memoji, tech addiction tool, group FaceTime |url= https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/04/technology/apple-wwdc-announcements/index.html |work=[[CNN Money]]}}</ref> ARKit 2 additionally allows full 2D image tracking and incorporates the ability to detect 3D objects.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://developer.apple.com/arkit/|title=ARKit - Apple Developer|website=developer.apple.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-09}}</ref>

===CarPlay===
[[CarPlay]] can now run third-party navigation applications.<ref name="USA Today"/> (Waze, Google Maps, etc.)

===iPad===
The Voice Memos and Stocks apps are now available for iPads.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-announces-updates-to-stocks-voice-memo-apps-for-ipad-iphone/|title=Apple's Stocks, Voice Memo apps will be available for iPad, Mac |first=Ashlee Clark |last=Thompson|date=June 4, 2018}}</ref>

[[Control Center (iOS)|Control Center]] is separated from the app switcher on iPad and can be opened with a swipe down on the top right corner. In addition, [[iPhone X]]-style gestures are introduced across all iPads running iOS 12.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cultofmac.com/554433/new-ipad-gestures-ios-12/|title=New iPad Gestures in iOS 12|first=Christian |last= Zibreg |date=June 5, 2018}}</ref>

=== Keyboard ===
In iOS 12, the [[iOS 9#Other changes|trackpad mode]] (which allows the user to freely move the cursor) is enabled by long-pressing the space bar on devices without 3D Touch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2018/09/17/how-to-use-keyboard-trackpad-mode-on-every-iphone-and-ipad-with-ios-12/|title=How to use keyboard trackpad mode on every iPhone and iPad with iOS 12|last=Mayo|first=Benjamin|date=2018-09-17|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-20}}</ref>

=== App Switcher ===
For devices with gesture navigation and no home button ([[iPhone X]] and later), users can now force quit applications by swiping up from the bottom of the screen (without having to press and hold on them when in the app switcher).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2018/06/04/how-to-close-apps-iphone-x-ios-12/|title=iOS 12 makes closing applications on the iPhone X much easier|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2018-06-05|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>

=== Exposure Notification API ===
On December 14, 2020, Apple released iOS 12.5, which includes the Exposure Notification API ([[Backporting|backported]] from iOS 13) that provides access to the [[Apple / Google privacy-preserving contact tracing system]] that Apple have developed jointly with Google.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2020-05-20|title=Apple releases iOS 13.5, here are the new features|url=https://9to5mac.com/2020/05/20/ios-13-5-released-features-exposure/|access-date=2020-05-20|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2020-12-14|title=Apple releases iOS 12.5 for older iPhones with support for COVID-19 exposure notifications|url=https://9to5mac.com/2020/12/14/apple-releases-ios-12-5-for-older-iphones-with-support-for-covid-19-exposure-notifications/|access-date=2020-12-14|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US}}</ref> This is provided to support [[digital contact tracing]] which came to light during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zastrow|first1=Mark|date=19 May 2020|title=Coronavirus contact-tracing apps: can they slow the spread of COVID-19?|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2|url-status=live|journal=Nature|language=en|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01514-2|pmid=32433633|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519190204/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2|archive-date=19 May 2020|access-date=22 May 2020|s2cid=218765305}}</ref>

==App features==
===Messages===
[[Messages (Apple)|Messages]] in iOS 12 introduces a new type of customizable [[Animoji]] called "Memoji" which allows a user to create a 3D character of themselves. Apple also introduced Koala, Tiger, Ghost and T-Rex Animojis.<ref name="CNET">{{cite news |last1=Dolcourt |first1=Jessica |title=iOS 12: Siri shortcuts, group FaceTime and 'Memoji' Animoji of you |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/ios-12-for-iphone-and-ipad-officially-announced-wwdc-2018/ |work=[[CNET]] |date=4 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In addition, Apple added new text and GIF effects similar to those found on other social media applications.

===FaceTime===
[[FaceTime]] gains support for Animoji and Memoji, as well as new text and GIF effects similar to those found on other social media applications and in the Messages application.<ref name="Verge"/>

iOS 12.1, released on October 30, 2018, adds the ability to include up to 32 people in a FaceTime conversation. This feature is only supported with video by devices with the [[Apple A8X]] or [[Apple A9]] chip or later; it is only supported for audio on [[iPhone 5S]], [[iPhone 6]], and iPhone 6 Plus, and is not available at all on [[iPad Mini 2]], [[iPad Mini 3]], and [[iPad Air]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/10/30/apple-releases-ios-12-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.1 With eSIM Support, Real-Time Depth Control, Group FaceTime, New Emoji and More|work=[[MacRumors]]|date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> Group FaceTime was disabled on January 28, 2019 due to a software bug that allowed calls to be answered by the caller rather than the recipient, allowing video and audio to be transmitted unless the call was declined.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/29/18201667/apple-group-facetime-disabled-server-side-major-security-flaw-fix|title=Apple disables Group FaceTime following major security flaw|first=Tom |last=Warren |date= January 29, 2019|website=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> The functionality got restored on February 7, 2019, with the release of iOS 12.1.4. Group FaceTime remains disabled on devices running iOS 12 that are affected by the bug.

===Measure===
{{Main|Measure (Apple)}}
[[Measure (Apple)|Measure]] is a native AR application that allows the user to take measurements of real objects. It also works as a [[Levelling device|level]],<ref name="Verge"/> a feature that was originally packaged as part of the Compass app.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imore.com/compass-app|title=How to use the Compass on iPhone |last=Symons |first=Mick |date= September 1, 2016|website=[[iMore]]|language=en|access-date=2019-03-11|quote=How do you find your direction and level surfaces using your iPhone? With the built-in Compass app!}}</ref>

===Photos===
[[Apple Photos]] has been completely redesigned with four new tabs, including "Photos", "For You", "Albums", and "Search". The new "For You" tab replaces the "Memories" tab previously found in [[iOS 11]] and makes sharing recommendations, creates short-length video collages, photo editing suggestions, as well as featured photos from a specific day.<ref name="Verge"/>

While the "Photos" and "Albums" tabs received only a few cosmetic changes, the "Search" tab includes new Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning features which show the user photos by place and categories (e.g. animals, cars, objects).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sixcolors.com/post/2018/09/ios-12-adds-powerful-search-to-photos/|title=iOS 12 adds powerful search to Photos|last=Snell|first=Jason|author-link=Jason Snell|date=September 17, 2018|website=[[Six Colors]] |language=en-us|access-date= 2019-03-11}}</ref>

===Notifications===
Notifications are now grouped by application and have a "manage" button to turn off notifications for that app or to deliver them quietly right from the Notification Center without having to go into the Settings application.<ref name="imore-do-not-disturb">{{Cite news|url=https://www.imore.com/how-do-not-disturb-and-notifications-will-change-ios-12|title=How Do Not Disturb and Notifications will change in iOS 12|work=[[iMore]]|access-date=2018-06-11|language=en}}</ref>

===Do Not Disturb===
Do Not Disturb gives users more options for automation. Users can hide notifications indefinitely or scheduled like previously, but can also hide notifications for 1 hour, until a time of day, until leaving a location, or until the end of a scheduled event in Calendar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|title=iOS 12|website=Apple|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-08}}</ref>

===Voice Memos and Stocks===
Voice Memos and Stocks are supported on iPad, and have a newer design. Stocks was integrated with [[Apple News]] to show financial and other related news.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-announces-updates-to-stocks-voice-memo-apps-for-ipad-iphone/|title=Apple's Stocks, Voice Memo apps will be available for iPad, Mac|date=2018-06-04|work=[[CNET]]|access-date= 2018-06-07|language=en}}</ref>

===Apple Books===
iBooks was renamed [[Apple Books]], and the app was redesigned, with five new tabs, including "Reading Now", "Library", "Book Store", "Audio Books", and "Search".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/4/17425852/ibooks-redesign-apple-books-branding-ios-12-update-wwdc-2018|title=iBooks gets a redesign and new Apple Books branding in iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-06-23}}</ref> The new app design is similar to that of [[Apple Music]], and has been praised for its simplicity in allowing users to easily navigate their book library.{{Cn|date=February 2019}}

===Safari===
[[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] receives an update to Intelligent Tracking Prevention. This includes a feature which allows the user to disable social media "like" and "share" buttons.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.computerworld.com/article/3284104/apple-ios/apple-pushes-privacy-theme-in-safari-for-ios-12-mojave.html|title=Apple pushes privacy theme in Safari for iOS 12, 'Mojave' |last=Keizer |first=Gregg |work=[[Computerworld]] |access-date=2018-06-23|language=en}}</ref>

===Maps===
[[Apple Maps]] had started to be rebuilt from the ground up by relying on first-party map data instead of using map data provided by third parties. This allows for more accurate directions and predictions on the fastest routes.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/29/apple-is-rebuilding-maps-from-the-ground-up/|title=Apple is rebuilding Maps from the ground up|work=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref> The new maps were rolled out in sections and the entire US completed by the end of 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/12/27/apple-maps-rollout-us-complete/|title=Massive Apple Maps rebuild of the US complete as changes roll out to the Southeast|first=Michael|last=Potuck|date=December 27, 2019|website=[[9to5Mac]]}}</ref>

==Problems==

===Rainbow flag emoji===
After a [[Rainbow flag (LGBT movement)|rainbow flag]] [[emoji]] with an [[no symbol|interdictory sign]] over it appeared on [[Twitter]], several users [[call-out culture|accused]] [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] of encouraging [[Anti-LGBT rhetoric|anti-LGBT]] attitudes. However, [[Emojipedia]] has clarified that this occurs when a user tweets the two emojis together and is not an intended feature. This can be used with other emojis as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/anti-lgbt-emoji-twitter-gay-pride-flag-homphobic-viral-a8787686.html|title='Anti-LGBT' emoji sparks outrage on Twitter |last=Young |first= Sarah |date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.fastcompany.com/90309797/no-theres-not-a-new-anti-lgbt-emoji|title=No, there's not a new anti-LGBT emoji|work=[[Fast Company]]|last=Guthrie Weisman|first=Cale|date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.dailydot.com/irl/anti-lgbtq-emoji-isnt-real/|title=The truth behind the anti-LGBTQ emoji controversy |work=[[The Daily Dot]] |last=Dalbey|first=Alex|date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref>

===FaceTime eavesdropping issue===
{{Main|FaceTime#Group FaceTime bug}}
Earlier in 2019 Apple acknowledged a widespread eavesdropping FaceTime issue impacting several versions of iOS 12 (versions 12.1–12.1.3) that allowed users to call someone via FaceTime and hear the audio coming from their phone before answering the call.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.minicreo.com/ios-12-problems/|title='FaceTime Eavesdropping Issue' in iOS 12 |last=Woods |first= Kelly |date=24 May 2019|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> That bug was fixed in iOS 12.1.4.<ref name="group-face-time-fix"/>

==Supported devices==
Any device that supports iOS 11 can be upgraded to iOS 12.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.computerworld.com/article/3282811/which-iphones-ipads-support-apples-ios-12.html|title=Which iPhones, iPads support Apple's iOS 12?|website=[[Computerworld]]|last1=Keizer|first1=Gregg|date=June 19, 2018|access-date=March 11, 2019}}</ref> However, devices, such as the [[iPhone 5S]], [[iPhone 6|6]], [[iPhone 6|6 Plus]] and the [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]] all have limited support due to having an A7 or A8 chip and 1GB of RAM.
These are the list of the devices that support iOS 12:

{{col-begin|width=75%}}
{{col-break}}
===[[iPhone]]===
*[[iPhone 5S]]
*[[iPhone 6]]
*[[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 Plus]]
*[[iPhone 6S]]
*[[iPhone 6S|iPhone 6S Plus]]
*[[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
*[[iPhone 7]]
*[[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]]
*[[iPhone 8]]
*[[iPhone 8|iPhone 8 Plus]]
*[[iPhone X]]
*[[iPhone XS]]
*[[iPhone XS Max]]
*[[iPhone XR]]
{{col-break}}

===[[iPod Touch]]===
*[[iPod Touch (6th generation)]]
*[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]
{{col-break}}

===[[iPad]]===
*[[iPad Air|iPad Air (1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Air 2]]
*[[iPad Air (2019)|iPad Air (3rd generation)]]
*[[iPad (2017)|iPad (5th generation)]]
*[[iPad (2018)|iPad (6th generation)]]
*[[iPad Mini 2]]
*[[iPad Mini 3]]
*[[iPad Mini 4]]
*[[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (9.7-inch)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (10.5-inch)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (11-inch, 1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 2nd generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 3rd generation)]]
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910162202/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|date=September 10, 2019|title=Official website}}

{{iOS}}
{{Darwin derivations}}
{{Apple software}}
[[Category:IOS|*12]]
[[Category:2018 software]]
[[Category:Tablet operating systems]]

IOS 12

2021-05-18T07:22:14Z

89.84.127.36: iOS Trump

{{lowercase title}}
{{Infobox OS version
| name = iOS Trump
| logo = MacintoshII.jpg
| logo_size = 85px
| screenshot = Donald Trump August 19, 2015 (cropped).jpg
| caption = This is Donal Trump
| screenshot_size = 240px
| screenshot_alt =
| collapsible =
| version_of = [[iOS]]
| developer = [[Apple Inc.]]
| family = [[IOS]]
| working_state =
| source_model = [[Proprietary software|Closed]], with [[open-source software|open-source]] components
| released = {{start date and age|2018|9|17|mf=yes}}
| RTM_date =
| GA_date =
| marketing_target = Phones and Tablets
| programmed_in =
| language =
| update_model = OTA, iTunes
| package_manager =
| supported_platforms = {{plainlist|
'''[[iPhone]]'''
* [[iPhone 5S]]
* [[iPhone 6]]/[[iPhone 6|6 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 6S]]/[[iPhone 6S|6S Plus]]
* [[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
* [[iPhone 7]]/[[iPhone 7|7 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 8]]/[[iPhone 8|8 Plus]]
* [[iPhone X]]
* [[iPhone XS]]/[[iPhone XS|XS Max]]
* [[iPhone XR]]
'''[[iPod Touch]]'''
* [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]]
* [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]
'''[[iPad]]'''
* [[iPad Air (1st generation)]]
* [[iPad Air 2]]
* [[iPad Air (3rd generation)]]
* [[iPad (5th generation)]]
* [[iPad (6th generation)]]
* [[iPad Mini 2]]
* [[iPad Mini 3]]
* [[iPad Mini 4]]
* [[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
* [[iPad Pro]] (12.9-inch 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation)
* [[iPad Pro]] (9.7-inch)
* [[iPad Pro]] (10.5-inch)
* [[iPad Pro]] (11-inch 1st generation)
}}
| kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]])
| userland =
| ui =
| license = [[Proprietary software]] with open-source components
| preceded_by = [[iOS 11]]
| succeeded_by = [[iOS 13]] (for iPhone and iPod touch) [[iPadOS 13]] (for iPad)
| website = {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909033052/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|title=iOS 12 - Apple|date=September 9, 2019}}
| support_status = Third-party application support and security updates by Apple
| other_articles =
}}
'''iOS 12''' is the [[iOS version history|twelfth major release]] of the [[iOS]] [[mobile operating system]] developed by [[Apple Inc.]] Aesthetically similar to its predecessor, [[iOS 11]], it focuses less on new functions than on performance, quality improvements and security updates. Announced at the company's [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|Worldwide Developers Conference]] on June 4, 2018, iOS 12 was released to the public on September 17, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.macrumors.com/2018/09/17/apple-releases-ios-12/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12 With Faster Performance, Memoji, Siri Shortcuts, Screen Time, Revamped Maps App, ARKit 2.0, and More|work=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=2018-09-17|language=en}}</ref> It was succeeded for the [[iPhone]] and [[iPod Touch]] by [[iOS 13]] on September 19, 2019 and for the [[iPad]] by [[iPadOS 13]] on September 24, 2019.

More than two and a half years after its release, iOS 12 continues to receive regular security updates for older devices that do not support iOS 13, with the latest 12.5.3 update released on May 3, 2021.

==History==
{{Further|iOS version history#iOS 12}}

===Introduction and initial release===

iOS 12 was introduced by [[Craig Federighi]] at the [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]] keynote address on June 4, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/04/live-from-wwdc-2018/|title=Live From WWDC 2018: Coverage of Apple's Keynote with iOS 12, macOS 10.14, and More|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> The first developer [[beta version]] was released after the keynote presentation,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/04/apple-seeds-first-beta-of-ios-12-to-developers/|title=First Beta of iOS 12 Now Available for Registered Developers|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> with the first public beta released on June 25, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/25/apple-releases-first-ios-12-public-beta/|title=Apple Releases First Public Beta of iOS 12|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> The initial release of version 12.0 was on September 17, 2018.

===Updates===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Version
!Build
!Release date
!Notes
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.0
|16A366
|September 17, 2018
|Initial release; Initial release on the [[iPhone XS]] and [[iPhone XS|XS Max]]
|-
|16A367{{efn|name=xr|[[iPhone XR]] only}}
|October 26, 2018
|Initial release on the [[iPhone XR]]; Preinstalled on some early devices
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.0.1
|16A404 16A405{{efn|name=maxxsxr|[[iPhone XS]], iPhone XS Max and [[iPhone XR]] only}}
|October 8, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/10/08/apple-releases-ios-12-0-1-update/|title=Apple Releasing iOS 12.0.1 With Fixes for Wi-Fi 2.4GHz Bug, Lightning Charging Issue|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=October 8, 2018|work=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-releases-ios-12-0-1-with-iphone-xs-charging-fix/|title=Apple releases iOS 12.0.1 with iPhone XS charging fix|last=Kingsley-Hughes|first=Adrian|website=ZDNet|language=en|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209084|title=About iOS 12 Updates|website=Apple Support|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1
|16B92 16B93{{efn|name=xr|[[iPhone XR]] only}} 16B94{{efn|name=xrre|Re-release of 12.1 for [[iPhone XR]] only on November 6, 2018}}
|October 30, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/3307120/ios/ios-121-features-release-date-how-to-install-beta.html|title=iOS 12.1 is released, adding with Group FaceTime, new emoji, dual-SIM, and more|last=Cross|first=Jason|date=October 30, 2018|work=[[Macworld]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2018/10/23/apple-iphone-xs-max-xr-camera-problem-beautygate-charging-ios-12-update-fix-release/#34d11091558c|title=Apple Quietly Admits To iPhone Selfie Issue|last=Kelly|first=Gordon|date=October 23, 2018|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18011306/apple-iphone-xr-review-camera-screen-battery-price|title=Apple iPhone XR review: better than good enough|last=Patel|first=Nilay|date=October 23, 2018|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115043120/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18011306/apple-iphone-xr-review-camera-screen-battery-price|archive-date=November 15, 2018|url-status=live|quote=Apple told me that the forthcoming iOS 12.1 update, currently in public beta, will address the issue of the front camera appearing to smooth out skin by picking a sharper base frame for Smart HDR, but I wasn’t able to test it yet.}}</ref> November 6, 2018{{efn|name=xrre}}
|Initial release on [[iPad Pro (3rd generation)]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.1
|16C50
|December 5, 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2018/12/05/apple-releases-ios-12-1-1-details-about-the-new-features-you-should-know-about/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.1.1: Details About The New Features You Should Know About|last=Chowdhry|first=Amit|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.2
|16C101 16C104{{efn|name=1212re|Re-release of 12.1.2 for all iPhones on December 20, 2018}}
|December 17, 2018 December 20, 2018{{efn|name=1212re}}
|Only for iPhones
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.3
|16D39 16D40{{efn|[[iPhone XS]], iPhone XS Max, [[iPhone XR]] and [[iPad Pro (3rd generation)]] only}}
|January 22, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209084|title=About iOS 12 Updates (Apple official website)|website=Apple.com|access-date=April 28, 2020}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.4
|16D57
|February 7, 2019<ref name="group-face-time-fix">{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/02/07/group-facetime-server-restored-following-ios-12-1-4-release-feature-disabled-on-older-versions/|title=Group FaceTime server restored following iOS 12.1.4 release, feature disabled on older versions|last=Hall|first=Zac|date=2019-02-07|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/08/30/google-shocks-1-billion-iphone-users-with-malicious-hack-warning/#268709502524|title=iPhone Attack Shock: Google Issues 1 Billion Apple Users With Critical Security Warning|first=Zak |last=Doffman|date=August 30, 2019|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.2
|16E227
|March 25, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=You Need to Update to iOS 12.2 Right Now|url=https://gizmodo.com/you-need-to-update-to-ios-12-2-right-now-to-fix-more-th-1833572278|access-date=2019-03-26|website=Gizmodo|language=en-us}}</ref>
|Initial release on [[iPad Air (3rd generation)]] and [[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3
|16F156
|May 13, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/05/13/apple-releases-ios-12-3/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.3 With New TV App and Channels Feature|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|
|-
|16F8155{{efn|name=ipt7o|[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]] only}}
|May 28, 2019
|Initial release on [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]; Preinstalled on some early devices
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3.1
|16F203
|May 24, 2019
|rowspan=2|
|-
|16F8202{{efn|name=ipt7o|[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]] only}}
| May 29, 2019
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3.2
|16F250
|June 10, 2019
|Exclusive to [[iPhone 8 Plus]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4
|16G77
|July 22, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/07/22/apple-releasing-ios-12-4-today/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4 With New Wireless Data Migration When Setting Up a New iPhone and Apple News+ Improvements|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|Adds support for the [[Apple Card]] service; adds migration tool between iPhones running iOS 12
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.1
|16G102
|August 26, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/08/26/apple-releases-ios-12-4-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4.1 With Jailbreak Vulnerability Fix|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|Undoes a vulnerability fix reversal from the previous release
|-
!colspan=4|Exclusive to iOS devices that do not support iOS 13 and above ([[iPhone 5S]], [[IPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]], [[iPad Air]], [[iPad Mini 2]], [[iPad Mini 3]] and [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]])
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.2
|16G114
|September 26, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/09/26/apple-releases-ios-12-4-2-update/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4.2 Update for Older iPhones and iPads|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=September 26, 2019|access-date=September 26, 2019}}</ref>
|rowspan=9|Security Fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.3
|16G130
|October 28, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/10/28/apple-releases-ios-13-2/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.2 With New Emoji, Deep Fusion for iPhone 11, Siri Privacy Options, and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=October 28, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.4
|16G140
|December 10, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210787|title=About the security content of iOS 12.4.4|date=December 10, 2019|access-date=December 10, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.5
|16G161
|January 28, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/01/28/apple-releases-ios-13-3-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.3.1 With Toggle for Turning Off U1 Chip in Latest iPhones|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=January 28, 2020|access-date=January 28, 2020|quote=Apple has also released an iOS 12.4.5 update for older devices.}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.6
|16G183
|March 24, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/03/24/apple-releases-ios-13-4/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.4 With New Mail Toolbar, iCloud Folder Sharing, Trackpad Support for iPad and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=March 24, 2019|access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.7
|16G192
|May 20, 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.5 With Exposure Notification API, Face ID Mask Updates, Group FaceTime Changes and More|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/05/20/apple-releases-ios-13-5/|website=MacRumors|language=en|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.8
|16G201
|July 15, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/07/15/apple-releases-ios-13-6/|title=Apple Releases iOS 13.6 With Car Key, Toggle to Turn Off Automatic Update Downloads, Audio Apple News+ Stories and More|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=July 15, 2020|access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.9
|16H5
|November 5, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.macrumors.com/2020/11/05/apple-releases-ios-14-2/|title=Apple Releases iOS 14.2 and iPadOS 14.2 With New Emoji, Control Center Music Recognition, Intercom, Wallpapers and More |author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=November 5, 2020|access-date=November 5, 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5
| rowspan="2" |16H20
| rowspan="2" |December 14, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/12/14/apple-releases-ios-14-3/|title= Apple Releases iOS 14.3 and iPadOS 14.3 With AirPods Max Support, ProRAW for iPhone 12 Pro, Apple Fitness+ and More|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=December 14, 2020|access-date=December 14, 2020|quote=Apple has also released an iOS 12.5 update for older iPhones, which brings the ability to use the Exposure Notifications system.}}</ref>
|-
|Adds COVID-19 exposure notification on [[iPhone 5S]] and [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5.1
|16H22
|January 11, 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2021/01/11/ios-12-5-1-exposure-notification-bug-fix/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.5.1 With Exposure Notifications Bug Fix for Older iPhones|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=January 11, 2021|access-date=January 11, 2021}}</ref>
|Solves an issue where Exposure Notifications could incorrectly display logging profile language on [[iPhone 5S]] and [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]].
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5.2
|16H30
|March 26, 2021
| rowspan="2" |Security fixes
|-
| style="background:#d4f4b4; text-align: center; " |'''12.5.3'''
|16H41
|May 3, 2021
|}
{{notelist}}
Legend: {{legend-inline|#ececec|{{abbr|Past|iOS versions that have this color are no longer the latest version of iOS}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#d4f4b4|{{abbr|'''Current'''|iOS versions that have this color are the latest public version of iOS.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#c1e6f5|{{abbr|Beta|iOS versions that have this color are a beta version, and are not the latest public version.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

==System features==
===Performance===
Performance optimizations were made in order to speed up common tasks across all supported iOS devices.<ref name="ars-iOS12-performance">{{cite web |first= Andrew |last=Cunningham |title=iOS 12 on the iPhone 5S, iPhone 6 Plus, and iPad Mini 2: It’s actually faster! |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/09/ios-12-on-the-iphone-5s-iphone-6-plus-and-ipad-mini-2-its-actually-faster/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=September 17, 2018 |access-date=September 18, 2018 }}</ref> Tests done by Apple on an [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 Plus]] showed apps launching 40% faster, the system keyboard activating 50% faster, and the camera opening 70% faster.<ref name="Verge">{{cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/4/17417730/apple-ios-12-iphone-update-best-features-wwdc-2018|title=The 17 biggest new features coming to the iPhone with iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref>

===Screen Time===
[[File:iOS12-ScreenTime.jpg|thumb|The Screen Time usage information screen in iOS 12 on an iPhone X]]
Screen Time is a new feature in iOS 12 that records the amount of time a user spent on the device. The feature also displays the amount of time the user used particular apps,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.imore.com/screen-time-iphone-and-ipad-ios-12-everything-you-need-know|title=Screen Time for iPhone and iPad in iOS 12: Everything you need to know! |work=[[iMore]]|access-date=2018-10-09|language=en}}</ref> the amount of time the user used particular categories of apps (such as games),<ref name="USA Today">{{cite news |title=Apple shows how iOS 12 will change your next iPhone |url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/baig/2018/06/04/ios-12-takeaways-how-latest-software-change-your-iphone/669223002/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |work=[[USA Today]] |language=en}}</ref> and the number of notifications the user received.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17870126/ios-12-screen-time-app-limits-downtime-features-how-to-use|title=How to use Apple’s new Screen Time and App Limits features in iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref>

Screen Time also provides blocking features to limit usage of apps (with time limits) or set other restrictions such as on purchases or explicit content. It replaces Restrictions in the iOS Settings app, but can also be used by adults to limit their own usage. These features can be used with or without a passcode. Without setting a passcode, the limits can easily be bypassed but may serve as a useful reminder of usage goals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mindful.technology/review-screen-time-iphone-ipad-ios-12/|title=Review: Screen Time for iPhone / iPad (iOS 12) |last=Emery |first=Justin |website= mindful.technology |access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>

===Shortcuts===
A dedicated application in iOS 12 allows users to set up Shortcuts, automated actions that the user can ask Siri to perform.<ref name="USA Today"/> Using the Shortcuts app, a user can create a phrase and type in the action they want Siri to do for them. Once they tell the phrase to Siri, Siri will automatically do the task they set for it in the Shortcuts app. The Shortcuts app replaces the [[Workflow (app)|Workflow]] app<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17847104/apple-siri-shortcuts-ios-12-app-download-features|title=Apple’s Siri Shortcuts app now available for iOS 12|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=September 17, 2018|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=September 17, 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> that Apple acquired in March 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/22/15030462/apple-acquires-workflow-iphone-utility|title=Apple bought the best utility app for the iPhone, Workflow|last=Bohn|first=Dieter|date=March 22, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=September 17, 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17847104/apple-siri-shortcuts-ios-12-app-download-features|title=Apple’s Siri Shortcuts app now available for iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>

===ARKit 2===
ARKit now allows users to share their view with other iOS 12-supported devices.<ref name="CNNMoney">{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Heather |title=iOS 12 highlights: Memoji, tech addiction tool, group FaceTime |url= https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/04/technology/apple-wwdc-announcements/index.html |work=[[CNN Money]]}}</ref> ARKit 2 additionally allows full 2D image tracking and incorporates the ability to detect 3D objects.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://developer.apple.com/arkit/|title=ARKit - Apple Developer|website=developer.apple.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-09}}</ref>

===CarPlay===
[[CarPlay]] can now run third-party navigation applications.<ref name="USA Today"/> (Waze, Google Maps, etc.)

===iPad===
The Voice Memos and Stocks apps are now available for iPads.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-announces-updates-to-stocks-voice-memo-apps-for-ipad-iphone/|title=Apple's Stocks, Voice Memo apps will be available for iPad, Mac |first=Ashlee Clark |last=Thompson|date=June 4, 2018}}</ref>

[[Control Center (iOS)|Control Center]] is separated from the app switcher on iPad and can be opened with a swipe down on the top right corner. In addition, [[iPhone X]]-style gestures are introduced across all iPads running iOS 12.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cultofmac.com/554433/new-ipad-gestures-ios-12/|title=New iPad Gestures in iOS 12|first=Christian |last= Zibreg |date=June 5, 2018}}</ref>

=== Keyboard ===
In iOS 12, the [[iOS 9#Other changes|trackpad mode]] (which allows the user to freely move the cursor) is enabled by long-pressing the space bar on devices without 3D Touch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2018/09/17/how-to-use-keyboard-trackpad-mode-on-every-iphone-and-ipad-with-ios-12/|title=How to use keyboard trackpad mode on every iPhone and iPad with iOS 12|last=Mayo|first=Benjamin|date=2018-09-17|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-20}}</ref>

=== App Switcher ===
For devices with gesture navigation and no home button ([[iPhone X]] and later), users can now force quit applications by swiping up from the bottom of the screen (without having to press and hold on them when in the app switcher).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2018/06/04/how-to-close-apps-iphone-x-ios-12/|title=iOS 12 makes closing applications on the iPhone X much easier|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2018-06-05|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>

=== Exposure Notification API ===
On December 14, 2020, Apple released iOS 12.5, which includes the Exposure Notification API ([[Backporting|backported]] from iOS 13) that provides access to the [[Apple / Google privacy-preserving contact tracing system]] that Apple have developed jointly with Google.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2020-05-20|title=Apple releases iOS 13.5, here are the new features|url=https://9to5mac.com/2020/05/20/ios-13-5-released-features-exposure/|access-date=2020-05-20|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2020-12-14|title=Apple releases iOS 12.5 for older iPhones with support for COVID-19 exposure notifications|url=https://9to5mac.com/2020/12/14/apple-releases-ios-12-5-for-older-iphones-with-support-for-covid-19-exposure-notifications/|access-date=2020-12-14|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US}}</ref> This is provided to support [[digital contact tracing]] which came to light during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zastrow|first1=Mark|date=19 May 2020|title=Coronavirus contact-tracing apps: can they slow the spread of COVID-19?|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2|url-status=live|journal=Nature|language=en|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01514-2|pmid=32433633|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519190204/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2|archive-date=19 May 2020|access-date=22 May 2020|s2cid=218765305}}</ref>

==App features==
===Messages===
[[Messages (Apple)|Messages]] in iOS 12 introduces a new type of customizable [[Animoji]] called "Memoji" which allows a user to create a 3D character of themselves. Apple also introduced Koala, Tiger, Ghost and T-Rex Animojis.<ref name="CNET">{{cite news |last1=Dolcourt |first1=Jessica |title=iOS 12: Siri shortcuts, group FaceTime and 'Memoji' Animoji of you |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/ios-12-for-iphone-and-ipad-officially-announced-wwdc-2018/ |work=[[CNET]] |date=4 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In addition, Apple added new text and GIF effects similar to those found on other social media applications.

===FaceTime===
[[FaceTime]] gains support for Animoji and Memoji, as well as new text and GIF effects similar to those found on other social media applications and in the Messages application.<ref name="Verge"/>

iOS 12.1, released on October 30, 2018, adds the ability to include up to 32 people in a FaceTime conversation. This feature is only supported with video by devices with the [[Apple A8X]] or [[Apple A9]] chip or later; it is only supported for audio on [[iPhone 5S]], [[iPhone 6]], and iPhone 6 Plus, and is not available at all on [[iPad Mini 2]], [[iPad Mini 3]], and [[iPad Air]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/10/30/apple-releases-ios-12-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.1 With eSIM Support, Real-Time Depth Control, Group FaceTime, New Emoji and More|work=[[MacRumors]]|date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> Group FaceTime was disabled on January 28, 2019 due to a software bug that allowed calls to be answered by the caller rather than the recipient, allowing video and audio to be transmitted unless the call was declined.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/29/18201667/apple-group-facetime-disabled-server-side-major-security-flaw-fix|title=Apple disables Group FaceTime following major security flaw|first=Tom |last=Warren |date= January 29, 2019|website=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> The functionality got restored on February 7, 2019, with the release of iOS 12.1.4. Group FaceTime remains disabled on devices running iOS 12 that are affected by the bug.

===Measure===
{{Main|Measure (Apple)}}
[[Measure (Apple)|Measure]] is a native AR application that allows the user to take measurements of real objects. It also works as a [[Levelling device|level]],<ref name="Verge"/> a feature that was originally packaged as part of the Compass app.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imore.com/compass-app|title=How to use the Compass on iPhone |last=Symons |first=Mick |date= September 1, 2016|website=[[iMore]]|language=en|access-date=2019-03-11|quote=How do you find your direction and level surfaces using your iPhone? With the built-in Compass app!}}</ref>

===Photos===
[[Apple Photos]] has been completely redesigned with four new tabs, including "Photos", "For You", "Albums", and "Search". The new "For You" tab replaces the "Memories" tab previously found in [[iOS 11]] and makes sharing recommendations, creates short-length video collages, photo editing suggestions, as well as featured photos from a specific day.<ref name="Verge"/>

While the "Photos" and "Albums" tabs received only a few cosmetic changes, the "Search" tab includes new Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning features which show the user photos by place and categories (e.g. animals, cars, objects).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sixcolors.com/post/2018/09/ios-12-adds-powerful-search-to-photos/|title=iOS 12 adds powerful search to Photos|last=Snell|first=Jason|author-link=Jason Snell|date=September 17, 2018|website=[[Six Colors]] |language=en-us|access-date= 2019-03-11}}</ref>

===Notifications===
Notifications are now grouped by application and have a "manage" button to turn off notifications for that app or to deliver them quietly right from the Notification Center without having to go into the Settings application.<ref name="imore-do-not-disturb">{{Cite news|url=https://www.imore.com/how-do-not-disturb-and-notifications-will-change-ios-12|title=How Do Not Disturb and Notifications will change in iOS 12|work=[[iMore]]|access-date=2018-06-11|language=en}}</ref>

===Do Not Disturb===
Do Not Disturb gives users more options for automation. Users can hide notifications indefinitely or scheduled like previously, but can also hide notifications for 1 hour, until a time of day, until leaving a location, or until the end of a scheduled event in Calendar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|title=iOS 12|website=Apple|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-08}}</ref>

===Voice Memos and Stocks===
Voice Memos and Stocks are supported on iPad, and have a newer design. Stocks was integrated with [[Apple News]] to show financial and other related news.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-announces-updates-to-stocks-voice-memo-apps-for-ipad-iphone/|title=Apple's Stocks, Voice Memo apps will be available for iPad, Mac|date=2018-06-04|work=[[CNET]]|access-date= 2018-06-07|language=en}}</ref>

===Apple Books===
iBooks was renamed [[Apple Books]], and the app was redesigned, with five new tabs, including "Reading Now", "Library", "Book Store", "Audio Books", and "Search".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/4/17425852/ibooks-redesign-apple-books-branding-ios-12-update-wwdc-2018|title=iBooks gets a redesign and new Apple Books branding in iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-06-23}}</ref> The new app design is similar to that of [[Apple Music]], and has been praised for its simplicity in allowing users to easily navigate their book library.{{Cn|date=February 2019}}

===Safari===
[[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] receives an update to Intelligent Tracking Prevention. This includes a feature which allows the user to disable social media "like" and "share" buttons.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.computerworld.com/article/3284104/apple-ios/apple-pushes-privacy-theme-in-safari-for-ios-12-mojave.html|title=Apple pushes privacy theme in Safari for iOS 12, 'Mojave' |last=Keizer |first=Gregg |work=[[Computerworld]] |access-date=2018-06-23|language=en}}</ref>

===Maps===
[[Apple Maps]] had started to be rebuilt from the ground up by relying on first-party map data instead of using map data provided by third parties. This allows for more accurate directions and predictions on the fastest routes.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/29/apple-is-rebuilding-maps-from-the-ground-up/|title=Apple is rebuilding Maps from the ground up|work=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref> The new maps were rolled out in sections and the entire US completed by the end of 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/12/27/apple-maps-rollout-us-complete/|title=Massive Apple Maps rebuild of the US complete as changes roll out to the Southeast|first=Michael|last=Potuck|date=December 27, 2019|website=[[9to5Mac]]}}</ref>

==Problems==

===Rainbow flag emoji===
After a [[Rainbow flag (LGBT movement)|rainbow flag]] [[emoji]] with an [[no symbol|interdictory sign]] over it appeared on [[Twitter]], several users [[call-out culture|accused]] [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] of encouraging [[Anti-LGBT rhetoric|anti-LGBT]] attitudes. However, [[Emojipedia]] has clarified that this occurs when a user tweets the two emojis together and is not an intended feature. This can be used with other emojis as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/anti-lgbt-emoji-twitter-gay-pride-flag-homphobic-viral-a8787686.html|title='Anti-LGBT' emoji sparks outrage on Twitter |last=Young |first= Sarah |date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.fastcompany.com/90309797/no-theres-not-a-new-anti-lgbt-emoji|title=No, there's not a new anti-LGBT emoji|work=[[Fast Company]]|last=Guthrie Weisman|first=Cale|date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.dailydot.com/irl/anti-lgbtq-emoji-isnt-real/|title=The truth behind the anti-LGBTQ emoji controversy |work=[[The Daily Dot]] |last=Dalbey|first=Alex|date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref>

===FaceTime eavesdropping issue===
{{Main|FaceTime#Group FaceTime bug}}
Earlier in 2019 Apple acknowledged a widespread eavesdropping FaceTime issue impacting several versions of iOS 12 (versions 12.1–12.1.3) that allowed users to call someone via FaceTime and hear the audio coming from their phone before answering the call.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.minicreo.com/ios-12-problems/|title='FaceTime Eavesdropping Issue' in iOS 12 |last=Woods |first= Kelly |date=24 May 2019|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> That bug was fixed in iOS 12.1.4.<ref name="group-face-time-fix"/>

==Supported devices==
Any device that supports iOS 11 can be upgraded to iOS 12.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.computerworld.com/article/3282811/which-iphones-ipads-support-apples-ios-12.html|title=Which iPhones, iPads support Apple's iOS 12?|website=[[Computerworld]]|last1=Keizer|first1=Gregg|date=June 19, 2018|access-date=March 11, 2019}}</ref> However, devices, such as the [[iPhone 5S]], [[iPhone 6|6]], [[iPhone 6|6 Plus]] and the [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]] all have limited support due to having an A7 or A8 chip and 1GB of RAM.
These are the list of the devices that support iOS 12:

{{col-begin|width=75%}}
{{col-break}}
===[[iPhone]]===
*[[iPhone 5S]]
*[[iPhone 6]]
*[[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 Plus]]
*[[iPhone 6S]]
*[[iPhone 6S|iPhone 6S Plus]]
*[[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
*[[iPhone 7]]
*[[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]]
*[[iPhone 8]]
*[[iPhone 8|iPhone 8 Plus]]
*[[iPhone X]]
*[[iPhone XS]]
*[[iPhone XS Max]]
*[[iPhone XR]]
{{col-break}}

===[[iPod Touch]]===
*[[iPod Touch (6th generation)]]
*[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]
{{col-break}}

===[[iPad]]===
*[[iPad Air|iPad Air (1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Air 2]]
*[[iPad Air (2019)|iPad Air (3rd generation)]]
*[[iPad (2017)|iPad (5th generation)]]
*[[iPad (2018)|iPad (6th generation)]]
*[[iPad Mini 2]]
*[[iPad Mini 3]]
*[[iPad Mini 4]]
*[[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (9.7-inch)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (10.5-inch)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (11-inch, 1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 2nd generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 3rd generation)]]
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910162202/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|date=September 10, 2019|title=Official website}}

{{iOS}}
{{Darwin derivations}}
{{Apple software}}
[[Category:IOS|*12]]
[[Category:2018 software]]
[[Category:Tablet operating systems]]

IOS 11

2021-05-17T21:20:38Z

89.84.127.36: /-/-:-/-/

{{short description|Eleventh major release of iOS, the mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc.}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{lowercase title}}
{{Infobox OS version
| name = Trank You Jacquie & Michel
| logo = Macron & Le Pen.jpg
| logo size = 1000px
| screenshot = Super mario sunshine.jpg
| caption = iOS 11 running on an [[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]]
| screenshot_size = 1000px
| screenshot_alt =
| collapsible =
| version of = [[iOS]]
| developer = [[Apple Inc.]]
| family =
| working state =
| source model = [[Proprietary software|Closed]], with [[open-source software|open-source]] components
| released = {{Start date and age|2017|9|19}}
| RTM date =
| GA date =
| marketing target =
| programmed in =
| language =
| update model =
| package manager =
| supported platforms = {{plainlist|
'''iPhone'''
* [[iPhone 5S]]
* [[iPhone 6]]
* [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 6S]]
* [[iPhone 6S|iPhone 6S Plus]]
* [[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
* [[iPhone 7]]
* [[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 8]]
* [[iPhone 8|iPhone 8 Plus]]
* [[iPhone X]]
'''iPod Touch'''
* [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]]
'''iPad'''
* [[iPad Air]]
* [[iPad Air 2]]
* [[iPad (2017)|iPad (5th generation)]]
* [[iPad (2018)|iPad (6th generation)]]
* [[iPad Mini 2]]
* [[iPad Mini 3]]
* [[iPad Mini 4]]
* [[iPad Pro]]
}}
| kernel type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]])
| userland =
| ui =
| license = [[Proprietary software]] with open-source components
| preceded by = [[iOS 10]]
| succeeded by = [[iOS 12]]
| website = {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828212252/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-11/ |date=August 28, 2018 |title=iOS 11 - Apple}}
| support status = Third-party application support<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple security updates |url=https://support.apple.com/en-is/HT201222 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]] |date=October 12, 2017 |access-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref>
| other articles =
}}

'''iOS 11''' is the [[iOS version history|eleventh major release]] of the [[iOS]] [[mobile operating system]] developed by [[Apple Inc.]], being the successor to [[iOS 10]]. It was announced at the company's [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|Worldwide Developers Conference]] on June 5, 2017, and released on September 19, 2017. It was succeeded by [[iOS 12]] on September 17, 2018.

==Changes==
Among iOS 11's changes: the lock screen and Notification Center were combined, allowing all notifications to be displayed directly on the lock screen. The various pages of the Control Center were unified, gaining custom settings and the ability to [[3D Touch]] icons for more options. The [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]] received a visual overhaul to focus on editorial content and daily highlights. A "[[Files (Apple)|Files]]" [[file manager]] app allowed direct access to files stored locally and in cloud services. [[Siri]] was updated to translate between languages and use a privacy-minded "on-device learning" technique to better understand a user's interests and offer suggestions. The camera had new settings for improved portrait-mode photos and utilised new encoding technologies to reduce file sizes on newer devices. In a later release, [[Messages (Apple)|Messages]] was integrated with [[iCloud]] to better synchronize messages across iOS and [[macOS]] devices. A previous point release also added support for person-to-person [[Apple Pay]] payments. The operating system also introduced the ability to record the screen, limited forms of drag-and-drop functionality, and support for [[augmented reality]]. Certain new features appeared only on [[iPad]], including an always-accessible application dock, cross-app drag-and-drop, and a new user interface to show multiple apps at once.

On June 4, 2018, at the [[Worldwide Developers Conference]], Apple announced its successor, [[iOS 12]].

== History ==
{{Further|iOS version history#iOS 11}}

=== Introduction and initial release ===
iOS 11 was introduced at the [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]] keynote address on June 5, 2017.<ref name="Announcement">{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Welch |title=Apple announces iOS 11 with new features and better iPad productivity |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732070/apple-ios-11-announced-iphone-update-new-features-wwdc-2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607065610/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732070/apple-ios-11-announced-iphone-update-new-features-wwdc-2017 |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="9to5Mac announcement">{{cite web |first=Zac |last=Hall |title=Apple unveils iOS 11 for iPhone and iPad |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/05/apple-unveils-ios-11-for-iphone-and-ipad/ |website=9to5Mac |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606050633/https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/05/apple-unveils-ios-11-for-iphone-and-ipad/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Romain |last=Dillet |title=Apple introduces iOS 11 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/apple-introduces-ios-11/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605182147/https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/apple-introduces-ios-11/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The first developer [[beta version]] was released after the keynote presentation,<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=First Beta of iOS 11 Now Available for Developers |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/first-beta-of-ios-11-now-available/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607080121/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/first-beta-of-ios-11-now-available/ |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> with the first public beta released on June 26, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=Apple Releases First Public Beta of iOS 11 to Public Beta Testers |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/26/ios-11-first-public-beta/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 26, 2017 |access-date=June 26, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626202333/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/26/ios-11-first-public-beta/ |archive-date=June 26, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

iOS 11 was officially released by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] on September 19, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=Apple Releases iOS 11 With Revamped Lock Screen, Fresh App Store, New Siri Voice, and Updated iPad Interface |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/09/19/apple-releases-ios-11/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=September 19, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001182547/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/09/19/apple-releases-ios-11/ |archive-date=October 1, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Updates ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Version
!Build
!Release date
!Notes
|-
|11.0{{efn|Initial release on [[iPhone 8]] and iPhone 8 Plus}}
|15A372
|September 19, 2017
|Initial release
|-
|11.0.1{{efn|Initial release on [[iPhone X]]}}
|15A402 15A403{{efn|name=iphone8and8plusonly|[[iPhone 8]] and iPhone 8 Plus only}} 15A8391{{efn|name=iphone10only|[[iPhone X]] only}}
|September 26, 2017
|Fixes an issue with [[Microsoft Exchange Server|Exchange]] email servers where email would fail to send
|-
|11.0.2{{efn|name=notforiphone10|Wasn’t released for [[iPhone X]]}}
|15A421
|October 3, 2017
|
* Fixes an issue where, for some iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus users, a crackling sound had the chance of occurring while on a call
* Fixes an issue where some photos could end up becoming hidden
* Fixes an issue where some email attachments would not open
|-
|11.0.3{{efn|name=notforiphone10}}
|15A432
|October 11, 2017
|
* Fixes an issue where haptic feedback was not working on some devices
* Fixes an issue where touch was not working properly due to the displays not being replaced with genuine Apple displays
|-
|11.1
|15B93 15B101{{efn|[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (2nd generation)]] and iPad Pro (10.5-inch) only}}
|October 31, 2017
|
* Added over 70 new emoji characters
* Fixes and improvements to VoiceOver rotor
* Fixes an issue where some photos could become blurry
* Fixes an issue where Live Photo effects would play slowly
* Fixes an issue where already cleared notifications sent from the Mail app could reappear on the Lock Screen
* Fixes an issue on Apple Watch where app icons would refuse to appear in notifications
|-
|11.1.1
|15B150
|November 9, 2017
|
* Fixes an issue with keyboard auto-correct
* Fixes an issue where Hey Siri would stop working
|-
|11.1.2
|15B202
|November 16, 2017
|
* Fixes an issue where a rapid drop in temperature caused problems with the touch screen of the iPhone X
* Fixes an issue where distortion could be caused in Live Photos and videos captured on the iPhone X
|-
|11.2
|15C114
|December 2, 2017
|
* Added support for Apple Pay Cash (USA only)
* Improved wireless charging on the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus and iPhone X
* Added three new Live Wallpapers for the iPhone X
* Fixes an issue that could cause the keyboard to appear slowly
* Fixes an issue in Calculator app where rapidly typing numbers could lead to incorrect calculation results
|-
|11.2.1
|15C153
|December 13, 2017
|Fixes an issue where remote access could unexpectedly be disabled for shared users in the Home app
|-
|11.2.2
|15C202
|January 8, 2018
|Bug fixes and security patches
|-
|11.2.5
|15D60
|January 23, 2018
|
* Adds support for HomePod
* Siri News (USA, UK and Australia only)
** Siri now has the ability to read the news. Users can say «Hey Siri, play the news» to begin news playback. Users can also ask for news from specific categories
* Bug fixes
|-
|11.2.6
|15D100
|February 19, 2018
|
* Initial Release on iPad 6th generation
* Fixes an issue that could cause apps to crash when using certain character sequences
* Fixes an issue where in some instances third-party apps would fail to connect to external accessories
|-
|11.3{{efn|Initial release on [[iPad (2018)|iPad (6th generation)]]}}
|15E216 15E218{{efn|[[iPad (2018)|iPad (6th generation)]] (Wi-Fi + Cellular) only}}
|March 29, 2018
|
* Augmented Reality
** Introduces ARKit 1.5, granting developers the ability to place virtual objects on vertical surfaces, such as walls or doors, in addition to horizontal surfaces
** Adds the ability to detect and implement images, such as movie posters or artwork, into Augmented Reality experiences
* iPhone Battery Health (Beta)
** Displays information about an iPhone’s battery, such as its current maximum capacity and if the battery is still supporting peal performance capabilities
** Indicates if the iPhone Performance Management feature is turned on, while including the option to disable the feature is desired
** Gives a recommendation if the battery inside of the iPhone should be replaced
* iPad Charge Management
** Maintains the health of the battery when it has been connected to power for extended periods of time
* Animoji
** Introduces four new Animoji characters: Lion, Bear, Dragon and a Skull
* Safari
** Warnings are now shown when accessing unencrypted webpages
* Keyboard
** Introduces two new Shuangpin keyboard layouts
** Improves the Japanese and Chinese keyboards on 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch devices
** Users can now switch back to the keyboard from dictation mode with one tap
* Bug fixes and improvements
|-
|11.3.1
|15E302
|April 24, 2018
|Fixes an issue where on some iPhone 8 devices touch input could be unresponsive due to the displays being services with non-genuine replacement displays
|-
|11.4
|15F79
|May 29, 2018
|
* AirPlay 2
** Allows users to control their home audio system
** Allows users to broadcast music via multiple AirPlay 2-enabled speakers
* HomePod Stereo Pairing
** When pairing, the HomePod balances the sound based on the location of the speaker
** HomePod provides Advanced Beamforming, a technology that provides a wider sound stage than a tradition stereo pair
** HomePod automatically updates, unless updates are disabled in the Home app
|-
|11.4.1
|15G77
|July 9, 2018
|
* Fixes an issue where some users could be prevented from viewing the last known location of their AirPods in the Find my iPhone app
* Improves reliability when syncing data sources, such as Mail and Contacts with Exchange accounts
|}
{{notelist}}

== System features ==
=== Lock screen ===
The lock screen and [[Notification Center]] are combined, allowing users to see all notifications directly on the lock screen. Scrolling up and down will either show or hide notifications.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jessica |last=Dolcourt |title=12 top tricks iOS 11 will bring to your iPhone, iPad |url=https://www.cnet.com/products/apple-ios-11/preview/ |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605185842/https://www.cnet.com/products/apple-ios-11/preview/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Napier |last=Lopez |title=Apple makes iOS 11 official – here are the biggest new features |url=https://thenextweb.com/apple/2017/06/05/apple-makes-ios-11-official-heres-whats-new/ |website=The Next Web |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605233930/https://thenextweb.com/apple/2017/06/05/apple-makes-ios-11-official-heres-whats-new/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Control Center ===
[[File:IOS 11 Control Center iPhone 7 Plus.png|200px|thumb|The default Control Center on an iPhone 7 Plus|left]]
The [[Control Center (iOS)|Control Center]] redesign unifies its pages and allows users to [[3D Touch]] (or long press on devices without 3D Touch)<ref name=":1" /> buttons for more options. Sliders adjust volume and brightness.<ref name="MacRumors info">{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Hardwick |title=iOS 11 Preview: Enhanced Siri, Voice Translation, Unified Control Center & More |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-enhanced-siri-voice-translation-control-center/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607065944/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-enhanced-siri-voice-translation-control-center/ |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The Control Center is customizable via the Settings app, and allows more settings to be shown,<ref name=":1">{{cite web |first=Neil |last=Hughes |title=Inside iOS 11: Apple's Control Center grows modular, gets customizable |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/07/inside-ios-11-apples-control-center-grows-modular-gets-customizable |website=AppleInsider |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610065857/http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/07/inside-ios-11-apples-control-center-grows-modular-gets-customizable |archive-date=June 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="Customize CC">{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=iOS 11 Tidbits: Customizable Control Center, One-Handed Keyboard, Type to Siri and More |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-beta-1-tidbits/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606001810/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-beta-1-tidbits/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> including [[Cellular network|cellular]] service, Low Power Mode, and a shortcut to the [[Notes (Apple)|Notes app]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Lory |last=Gil |title=How to customize Control Center in iOS 11 |url=https://www.imore.com/how-customize-control-center-ios-11 |website=iMore |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606030750/https://www.imore.com/how-customize-control-center-ios-11 |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Siri ===
The [[Siri]] [[Virtual assistant (artificial intelligence)|intelligent personal assistant]] has a more human voice and supports language translation, with English, Chinese, French, German, Italian and Spanish available at launch. It will also support follow-up questions by users.<ref name="Siri">{{cite web |first=Lucas |last=Matney |title=Siri gets language translation and a more human voice |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/siri-gets-voice-translation-and-a-more-human-voice/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605183411/https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/siri-gets-voice-translation-and-a-more-human-voice/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Users will also be able to type to Siri.<ref name="The Verge 9 features">{{cite web |first=Sean |last=O'Kane |title=The 9 best iOS 11 features Apple didn't talk about on stage |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15742046/apple-ios-11-features-updates-siri-wwdc-2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605222539/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15742046/apple-ios-11-features-updates-siri-wwdc-2017 |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Siri will be able to use "on-device learning", a privacy-minded local learning technique to understand a user's behavior and interests inside different apps, to offer better suggestions and recommendations.<ref name="Announcement"/>

=== Settings ===
A new "Do Not Disturb While Driving" mode lets users block unnecessary notifications as long as their [[iPhone]] is connected to a vehicle through [[Bluetooth]]. An auto-reply feature sends a specific reply to senders of messages to let them know the user is currently unavailable through text. Passengers can be granted full notification access to the [[Telephone|phone]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Mitchel |last=Broussard |title=Apple Reveals 'Do Not Disturb While Driving' iOS 11 Feature to Hide Unnecessary Notifications |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/do-not-disturb-while-driving/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713225543/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/do-not-disturb-while-driving/ |archive-date=July 13, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ashley |last=Carman |title=Apple adds indoor mapping and notification blocking to iOS 11 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15726924/apple-ios-11-update-driving-do-not-disturb-indoor-mapping-wwdc |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605203315/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15726924/apple-ios-11-update-driving-do-not-disturb-indoor-mapping-wwdc |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

A new "Smart Invert" feature, dubbed a "[[dark mode]]" by some publications, inverts the colors on the display, except for images, some apps, and some user interface elements.<ref>{{cite web |first=Molly |last=Sequin |title=Apple sneaks 'dark mode' into iOS 11 to help save your eyes |url=http://mashable.com/2017/06/06/ios-11-hidden-dark-mode/ |website=[[Mashable]] |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617130750/http://mashable.com/2017/06/06/ios-11-hidden-dark-mode/ |archive-date=June 17, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Kif |last=Leswing |title=There's a new and improved 'dark mode' coming to your iPhone this fall |url=http://nordic.businessinsider.com/ios-11-feature-smart-invert-is-not-quite-dark-mode-2017-6 |website=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618211755/http://nordic.businessinsider.com/ios-11-feature-smart-invert-is-not-quite-dark-mode-2017-6/ |archive-date=June 18, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Using the iPhone X, which utilizes [[OLED]] technology, some news outlets have reported that this feature can conserve battery life by turning off pixels when black, saving energy by preventing itself from displaying a white pixel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/17/11/06/iphone-x-tips-maximize-battery-life-with-dark-mode-inverted-colors-and-grayscale|title=iPhone X tips: Maximize battery life with 'dark mode' inverted colors and grayscale|website=AppleInsider|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-05}}</ref>

Users get expanded control over apps' location usage, with every app featuring a "While Using the App" location toggle in Settings. This differs from previous iOS versions, in which apps were only required to have "Never" or "Always" location options.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jon |last=Russell |title=iOS 11 stops apps like Uber and Waze from accessing user location data at all times |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-adds-while-using-the-app-for-all-apps-location/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607123442/https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-adds-while-using-the-app-for-all-apps-location/ |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Hardwick |title=iOS 11 Users to Gain More Control Over Apps' Use of Location Services |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-restrict-location-services-any-app/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716021802/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-restrict-location-services-any-app/ |archive-date=July 16, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Users can remove rarely used apps without losing the app's data using the "Offload App" button. This allows for a later reinstallation of the app (if available on the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]]), in which data returns and usage can continue.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Lovejoy |title=iOS 11 allows you to delete rarely-used apps but retain their settings and data |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-automatically-delete-unused-apps/ |website=9to5Mac |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608110446/https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-automatically-delete-unused-apps/ |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Users can also have those apps removed automatically with the "Offload Unused Apps" setting.<ref>{{cite web |first=Karissa |last=Bell |title=The 12 best iOS 11 features you haven't heard about yet |url=http://mashable.com/2017/06/06/new-ios-11-features/ |website=[[Mashable]] |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609025645/http://mashable.com/2017/06/06/new-ios-11-features/ |archive-date=June 9, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> When an app is offloaded, the app appears on the home screen as a grayed-out icon.<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Vincent |title=iOS 11 can automatically delete apps to save space |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/7/15752132/ios-11-storage-deleting-apps-messages-photos |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607122026/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/7/15752132/ios-11-storage-deleting-apps-messages-photos |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

[[File:IOS 11 storage settings iPhone 6S Plus.png|180px|thumb|Storage settings on an iPhone 6S Plus, showing personalized recommendations]]
Personalized suggestions will help the user free up storage space on their device, including emptying Photos trash, backing up [[Messages (software)|messages]], and enabling [[iCloud#iCloud Photo Library|iCloud Photo Library]] for backing up photos and videos.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sarah |last=Perez |title=iOS 11 will help you free up storage on your iPhone through personalized suggestions |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/06/ios-11-will-help-you-free-up-storage-on-your-iphone-through-personalized-suggestions/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606201513/https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/06/ios-11-will-help-you-free-up-storage-on-your-iphone-through-personalized-suggestions/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Roger |last=Fingas |title=Inside iOS 11: Recommendations offer shortcuts to free up extra storage |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/06/inside-ios-11-recommendations-offer-shortcuts-to-free-up-extra-storage |website=AppleInsider |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607190329/http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/06/inside-ios-11-recommendations-offer-shortcuts-to-free-up-extra-storage |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== iPad ===
[[File:IOS 11 Multitasking 9.7-inch iPad Pro.png|280px|thumb|left|Multitasking interface on a 9.7-inch iPad Pro]]
Certain new iOS 11 features will appear only on [[iPad]]. The application dock gets an overhaul, bringing it closer to the design seen on [[macOS]], and is accessible from any screen, letting users more easily open apps in split-screen view.<ref name="The Verge iPad"/><ref name="TechCrunch iPad"/> Users can also drag-and-drop [[Computer file|file]]s across different apps.<ref name="The Verge iPad"/><ref name="TechCrunch iPad"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Mitchel |last=Broussard |title=Apple Announces iPad-Specific Abilities for iOS 11 Including Support for Drag-And-Drop |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/ipad-specific-abilities-for-ios-11/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610115136/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/ipad-specific-abilities-for-ios-11/ |archive-date=June 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> A new [[Multitasking (iOS)|multitasking]] interface shows multiple apps on the screen at the same time in floating "windows."<ref name="The Verge iPad"/><ref name="TechCrunch iPad">{{cite web |first=Fitz |last=Tepper |title=iOS 11 brings drag-and-drop, windows and a file system to iPad |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-brings-drag-and-drop-windows-and-a-file-system-to-ipad/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605192130/https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-brings-drag-and-drop-windows-and-a-file-system-to-ipad/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Additionally, through a combination of "slide over," "split view," and "picture-in-picture" modes, users can have up to four active apps on-screen at the same time.<ref>{{cite web |first=Neil |last=Hughes |title=Inside iOS 11: Run four iPad apps on screen at once with Apple's newly expanded multitasking |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/07/inside-ios-11-run-four-ipad-apps-on-screen-at-once-with-apples-newly-expanded-multitasking |website=AppleInsider |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610065930/http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/07/inside-ios-11-run-four-ipad-apps-on-screen-at-once-with-apples-newly-expanded-multitasking |archive-date=June 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Each letter on the iPad keyboard features an alternative background number or symbol, accessible by pulling down on the respective key and releasing.<ref name="Customize CC"/>

The Control Center is visible in the multitasking window on iPads.<ref>{{cite web |first=Serenity |last=Caldwell |title=iPad Drag and Drop, Multitasking, and Split View in iOS 11: Everything you need to know! |url=https://www.imore.com/ipad-drag-and-drop-multitasking-and-split-view-ios-11-everything-you-need-know |website=iMore |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627235030/https://www.imore.com/ipad-drag-and-drop-multitasking-and-split-view-ios-11-everything-you-need-know |archive-date=June 27, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Running iOS 11, the 9.7-inch, 10.5-inch and the 2nd-generation 12.9-inch [[iPad Pro]]s now have flashlight support.<ref name="9to5Mac announcement" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Use and customize Control Center on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202769 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]] |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002011705/https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202769 |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Camera ===
iOS 11 introduces [[optical image stabilization]], flash photography and [[high dynamic range]] for portrait photos.<ref name="Announcement"/>

Live Photos receives new "Loop", "Bounce" and "Long Exposure" effects,<ref>{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Cipriani |title=iOS 11 livens up Live Photos with new tricks |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/check-out-ios-11s-new-live-photos-tricks/ |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=June 28, 2017 |access-date=July 11, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708115848/https://www.cnet.com/how-to/check-out-ios-11s-new-live-photos-tricks/ |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> and uses [[High Efficiency Image File Format]] to decrease photo sizes.<ref name="Announcement"/>

On devices with an [[Apple A10]] chip or newer,<ref>{{cite web |first=Christian |last=Zibreg |title=How and when to choose between HEIF/HEVC & JPEG/H.264 media formats in iOS 11 |url=http://www.idownloadblog.com/2017/09/23/how-to-ios-11-heir-havc/ |website=iDownloadBlog |date=September 23, 2017 |access-date=October 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014233614/http://www.idownloadblog.com/2017/09/23/how-to-ios-11-heir-havc/ |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> photos can be compressed in the new High Efficiency Image File Format and videos can be encoded in the new [[High Efficiency Video Coding]] [[video compression format]], enabling improved quality while also decreasing size by half.<ref>{{cite web |first=Matthew |last=Hughes |title=iOS 11's new image compression makes your photos smaller and look better |url=https://thenextweb.com/apple/2017/06/05/photos-ios-11-will-smaller-look-better/ |website=The Next Web |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605233913/https://thenextweb.com/apple/2017/06/05/photos-ios-11-will-smaller-look-better/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Jon |last=Fingas |title=iOS 11's Photos app uses AI to make your shots better |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-camera-and-photos/ |website=[[Engadget]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606010617/https://www.engadget.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-camera-and-photos/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Wallpapers ===
Apple significantly changed the wallpapers available for use with iOS 11. In the initial beta version, released after Apple's developer conference, Apple included one new wallpaper,<ref>{{cite web |first=Peter |last=K. |title=Download the new iOS 11 Beta wallpaper right here |url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Download-the-new-iOS-11-Beta-wallpaper-right-here_id94786 |website=PhoneArena |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=December 4, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013173853/https://www.phonearena.com/news/Download-the-new-iOS-11-Beta-wallpaper-right-here_id94786 |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> and removed all the six "Live" animated fish wallpapers, introduced with the iPhone 6S in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple's wallpaper selection in iOS 11 is just abysmal |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/Apples-wallpaper-selection-in-iOS-11-is-just-abysmal/The-Live-wallpapers-selection-was-gutted-in-iOS-11-Now-there-are-only-three-options-/slideshow/60768539.cms |website=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |access-date=December 4, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115215720/https://www.businessinsider.in/Apples-wallpaper-selection-in-iOS-11-is-just-abysmal/The-Live-wallpapers-selection-was-gutted-in-iOS-11-Now-there-are-only-three-options-/slideshow/60768539.cms |archive-date=January 15, 2018 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The iOS 11.2 release later brought iPhone X/8/8 Plus-exclusive wallpapers to older iPhones.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jacob |last=Kleinman |title=How to Get iOS 11.2, Which Brings iPhone X Wallpapers to Older iPhones |url=https://lifehacker.com/how-to-get-ios-11-2-which-brings-iphone-x-wallpapers-t-1820011735 |website=[[Lifehacker]] |publisher=[[Univision Communications]] |date=October 31, 2017 |access-date=December 4, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003143/https://lifehacker.com/how-to-get-ios-11-2-which-brings-iphone-x-wallpapers-t-1820011735 |archive-date=November 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

iPhone X exclusively features six "Live" wallpapers and seven new "Dynamic" wallpapers.<ref>{{cite web |first=Zac |last=Hall |title=iPhone X features 7 new Dynamic and 6 new Live wallpapers [Gallery] |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/11/06/download-iphone-x-wallpapers/ |website=9to5Mac |date=November 6, 2017 |access-date=December 4, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203153933/https://9to5mac.com/2017/11/06/download-iphone-x-wallpapers/ |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Other changes ===
[[File:IOS 11 keyboard iPhone 7 Plus.png|180px|thumb|right|The default system keyboard, in one-handed mode, on an iPhone 7 Plus]]
iOS 11 introduces native support for [[QR code]] scanning, through the Camera app.<ref name="The Verge 9 features"/> Once a QR code is positioned in front of the camera, a notification is created offering suggestions for actions based on the scanned content. [[Twitter]] users have so far discovered that joining [[Wi-Fi]] networks and adding someone to the contacts list are supported through QR codes.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mitchel |last=Broussard |title=iPhone Can Scan QR Codes Directly in Camera App on iOS 11 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/06/iphone-can-scan-qr-codes-ios-11/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610115310/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/06/iphone-can-scan-qr-codes-ios-11/ |archive-date=June 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Third-party [[Keyboard technology|keyboards]] can add a one-handed mode.<ref name="The Verge 9 features"/>

Users are able to record the screen natively.<ref name="The Verge 9 features"/> In order to record the screen, users must first add the feature to the [[Control Center (iOS)|Control Center]] through the Settings app. Once added, users can start and stop recordings from a dedicated Control Center icon, with a distinctly colored bar appearing at the top of the screen indicating active recording. Pressing the bar gives the option to end recording, and videos are saved to the Photos app.<ref>{{cite web |first=Roger |last=Fingas |title=Inside iOS 11: Quick screen recording comes to Control Center |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/06/inside-ios-11-quick-screen-recording-comes-to-control-center |website=AppleInsider |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606223749/http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/06/inside-ios-11-quick-screen-recording-comes-to-control-center |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Apple adds support for animated GIFs and dedicated screen recording tool in iOS 11 |url=https://thenextweb.com/apple/2017/06/06/apple-ios-11-animated-gif-support/ |website=The Next Web |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619230356/https://thenextweb.com/apple/2017/06/06/apple-ios-11-animated-gif-support/ |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

When an iOS 11 device is attempting to connect to a [[Wi-Fi]] network, nearby iOS 11<ref>{{cite web |first=Benjamin |last=Mayo |title=Easily share your WiFi with friends on iOS 11, automatically sends passwords to nearby devices |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/06/ios-11-share-your-wifi/ |website=9to5Mac |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606172600/https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/06/ios-11-share-your-wifi/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> or [[macOS High Sierra]] devices already connected can wirelessly send the password, streamlining the connection process.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mitchel |last=Broussard |title=iOS 11 Makes it Easy to Share Your Wi-Fi Password With Nearby Friends |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-wi-fi-password-nearby/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610115247/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-wi-fi-password-nearby/ |archive-date=June 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The volume change overlay no longer covers the screen while playing video, and a smaller scrubber appears on the top right of the screen.<ref>{{cite web |first=Joe |last=Rossignol |title=iPhone's Volume Slider No Longer Covers Videos in iOS 11 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-volume-hud-smaller/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717172323/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-volume-hud-smaller/ |archive-date=July 17, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

After a user takes a screenshot, a thumbnail of the screenshot will appear at the bottom left of the screen. The user can then tap the thumbnail to bring up an interface that allows them to crop, annotate, or delete the screenshot.<ref name="MacStories overview">{{cite web |title=iOS 11: The MacStories Overview |url=https://www.macstories.net/news/ios-11-the-macstories-overview/ |website=MacStories |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608055141/https://www.macstories.net/news/ios-11-the-macstories-overview/ |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Third-party apps are also able to take advantage of [[iCloud Keychain]] to allow autofilling passwords.<ref>{{cite web |first=Henry T. |last=Casey |title=8 Awesome iOS 11 Features You Don't Know About |url=http://www.tomsguide.com/us/pictures-story/1166-secret-hidden-ios-11-features.html#s8 |website=Tom's Guide |publisher=[[Purch Group]] |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921095330/https://www.tomsguide.com/us/pictures-story/1166-secret-hidden-ios-11-features.html#s8 |archive-date=September 21, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The user's airline flight information can be viewed in [[Spotlight (software)|Spotlight]] through a dedicated widget.<ref name="The Verge 9 features"/>

iOS 11 switches the top-left [[cellular network]] strength icons from five dots to four signal bars, similar to that before [[iOS 7]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Mike |last=Wuerthele |title=Inside iOS 11: With 'antennagate' a distant memory, Apple switches back to signal bars |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/09/inside-ios-11-with-antennagate-a-distant-memory-apple-switches-back-to-signal-bars |website=AppleInsider |date=June 9, 2017 |access-date=June 11, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610065251/http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/09/inside-ios-11-with-antennagate-a-distant-memory-apple-switches-back-to-signal-bars |archive-date=June 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

A new "Automatic Setup" feature aims to simplify the first-time setup of new devices, with wireless transfer between the old and new device, transferring preferences, [[Apple ID]] and [[Wi-Fi]] info, preferred Settings, and iCloud Keychain passwords.<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=iOS 11 Makes Setting Up New Devices Super Easy |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/19/ios-11-automatic-setup-feature/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 19, 2017 |access-date=June 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619230651/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/19/ios-11-automatic-setup-feature/ |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Charlie |last=Sorrel |title=How to use iOS 11's new Automatic Setup |url=http://www.cultofmac.com/487444/how-to-use-ios-11s-new-automatic-setup/ |website=Cult of Mac |date=June 16, 2017 |access-date=June 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617063350/http://www.cultofmac.com/487444/how-to-use-ios-11s-new-automatic-setup/ |archive-date=June 17, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Similar to iPad, drag-and-drop file support is available on iPhone, though with more limitations, specifically only supported within apps, not between.<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Vincent |title=The iPhone is also getting drag and drop with iOS 11 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/7/15752620/iphone-ios-11-drag-and-drop-apple-wwdc-2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619160936/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/7/15752620/iphone-ios-11-drag-and-drop-apple-wwdc-2017 |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Mike |last=Wehner |title=iOS 11 will bring drag and drop to the iPhone, too |url=http://bgr.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-drag-and-drop-iphone-ipad/ |website=[[Boy Genius Report|BGR]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608020134/http://bgr.com/2017/06/07/ios-11-drag-and-drop-iphone-ipad/ |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Many of Apple's pre-installed applications, including [[Notes (Apple)|Notes]], [[Contacts (application)|Contacts]], [[Reminders (Apple)|Reminders]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Zac |last=Hall |title=Apple releases iOS 11 beta 4 with tweaked icons, Notification Center refinements, more |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/07/24/ios-11-beta-4/ |website=9to5Mac |date=July 24, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121023301/https://9to5mac.com/2017/07/24/ios-11-beta-4/ |archive-date=November 21, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> [[Apple Maps|Maps]], and [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]], have redesigned home screen icons.<ref>{{cite web |first=Zac |last=Hall |title=Apple releases iOS 11 developer beta 6 (and public beta 5) with new Maps & App Store icons |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/08/14/ios-11-beta-6/ |website=9to5Mac |date=August 14, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826234640/https://9to5mac.com/2017/08/14/ios-11-beta-6/ |archive-date=August 26, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

An "Emergency [[SOS]]" feature was added that disables [[Touch ID]] after pressing the Sleep/Wake button five times in quick succession. It prevents Touch ID from working until the [[iPhone]]'s passcode has been entered.<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=iOS 11's SOS Feature Allows You to Temporarily Disable Touch ID and Require Passcode |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/08/17/ios-11-emergency-sos-disables-touch-id/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=August 17, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031000732/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/08/17/ios-11-emergency-sos-disables-touch-id/ |archive-date=October 31, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

iOS 11 adds support for [[Color depth|8-bit and 10-bit]] [[High Efficiency Video Coding|HEVC]]. Devices with an [[Apple A9]] chip or newer support hardware decoding, while older devices support software-based decoding.<ref>[http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1496905696 Apple has chosen HEVC as its next-generation video codec]. 8 June 2017.</ref>

When a device running iOS 11 or later is activated, Apple's verification server will check the device's [[UDID]] before it could be set up. If the device's UDID is malformed or not present in Apple's database, the device cannot be activated and will be denied access to the verification server. If said device is connected to iTunes, an error message will appear stating that the iPhone could not be activated because "the activation information could not be obtained from the device."{{Citation needed|reason=No reliable sources; All other sources about the UDID lockout are user generated.|date=October 2020}}

== App features ==
=== Mail ===
Where there is empty space in the Mail app, users can draw inline.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |first=Khamosh |last=Pathak |title=The 10 Best iOS 11 Features for iPad |url=http://www.iphonehacks.com/2017/06/best-ios-11-features-ipad.html |website=iPhone Hacks |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608155543/http://www.iphonehacks.com/2017/06/best-ios-11-features-ipad.html |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Messages ===
The [[Messages (Apple)|Messages]] application synchronizes messages across iOS and [[macOS]] through iCloud, reflecting message deletion across devices.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Nick |last1=Statt |first2=Micah |last2=Singleton |title=Apple brings iMessage to iCloud |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732262/apple-imessage-update-announced-new-features-wwdc-2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605190424/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732262/apple-imessage-update-announced-new-features-wwdc-2017 |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> This feature was temporarily removed in the fifth beta release and returned on May 29, 2018 when iOS 11.4 was released.

At the time of the iOS 11 announcement in June 2017, Apple presented functionality letting users send person-to-person payments with [[Apple Pay]] through Messages.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mitchel |last=Broussard |title=Apple Pay Gaining Person-to-Person Payments Within Messages in iOS 11 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/apple-pay-person-payments/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715022151/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/apple-pay-person-payments/ |archive-date=July 15, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Fitz |last=Tepper |title=You can now send your friends money inside iMessage |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/you-can-now-send-your-friends-money-inside-imessage/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605183333/https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/05/you-can-now-send-your-friends-money-inside-imessage/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Sean |last=O'Kane |title=iOS 11 lets you send and receive money via iMessage with Apple Pay |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15731034/apple-pay-iphone-payments-venmo-update-announced-wwdc-2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605192651/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15731034/apple-pay-iphone-payments-venmo-update-announced-wwdc-2017 |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> By the time of the iOS 11 release in September 2017, the feature was not present, having been removed in an earlier beta version, with Apple announcing the feature as "coming this fall with an update to iOS 11".<ref>{{cite web |first=Zac |last=Hall |title=Apple Pay Cash payment feature won't ship in time for iOS 11 and watchOS 4 launch |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/09/18/apple-pay-cash-late-fees/ |website=9to5Mac |date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034805/https://9to5mac.com/2017/09/18/apple-pay-cash-late-fees/ |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> It was launched a few days after the iOS 11.2 update went live, although initially only available in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |first=Chaim |last=Gartenberg |title=Apple Pay Cash is rolling out for iOS 11.2 users |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/4/16734154/apple-pay-cash-ios-iphone-update-available-now |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=December 4, 2017 |access-date=December 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204213850/https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/4/16734154/apple-pay-cash-ios-iphone-update-available-now |archive-date=December 4, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Brian |last=Heater |title=Apple Pay Cash starts rolling out to iPhone users in the US |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/12/04/apple-pay-cash-starts-rolling-out-to-iphone-users-in-the-u-s/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[Oath Inc.]] |date=December 4, 2017 |access-date=December 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205015032/https://techcrunch.com/2017/12/04/apple-pay-cash-starts-rolling-out-to-iphone-users-in-the-u-s/ |archive-date=December 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

A new app drawer for iMessage apps aims to simplify the experience of using apps and stickers, and an optimized storage system reduces the backup size of messages.<ref name="MacRumors info"/>

The Messages app also incorporates a "Business Chat" feature for businesses to communicate directly with customers through the app.<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=iOS 11 to Bring 'Business Chat' to Apple's Messages App |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-business-chat-feature/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708124503/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-business-chat-feature/ |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Chance |last=Miller |title=iOS 11 to include new Business Chat feature for communicating w/ brands in Messages |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/05/business-chat-ios-11-feature/ |website=9to5Mac |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606050708/https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/05/business-chat-ios-11-feature/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> This can be accessed through a message icon next to search results of businesses.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Hardwick |title=Apple Launches Business Chat in iOS 11 Developer Preview |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/10/apple-business-chat-ios-11-developer-preview/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 10, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610115403/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/10/apple-business-chat-ios-11-developer-preview/ |archive-date=June 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> However, this feature was not included with the initial release of iOS 11 (instead launching with [[#11.3|iOS 11.3]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/heres-how-to-talk-to-businesses-using-imessage-on-ios-11-3/|title=Apple Business Chat on iMessage: Everything you need to know|date=2018-03-30|work=CNET|access-date=2018-04-26|language=en}}</ref>

The Messages app on the [[iPhone X]] introduces [[Facial motion capture|face-tracking]] [[emoji]] called "Animoji" (animated emoji), using [[Face ID]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Tom |last=Warren |title=Apple announces Animoji, animated emoji for iPhone X |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/12/16290210/new-iphone-emoji-animated-animoji-apple-ios-11-update |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=September 12, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928182447/https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/12/16290210/new-iphone-emoji-animated-animoji-apple-ios-11-update |archive-date=September 28, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== App Store ===
[[File:IPhone App Store.png|200px|thumb|The "Apps" tab in the App Store on an iPhone 7 Plus|right]]
The [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]] receives a complete redesign, with a greater focus on editorial content such as daily highlights, and a design described as "cleaner and more consistent" to other apps developed by Apple.<ref>{{cite web |first1=James |last1=Vincent |first2=Nick |last2=Statt |title=Apple unveils redesigned App Store with an all-new way to find apps and games |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15741096/apple-app-store-games-redesign-announcement-wwdc-2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606105212/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15741096/apple-app-store-games-redesign-announcement-wwdc-2017 |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The app's design mimics the design seen in the [[Apple Music]] app in [[iOS 10]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Mitchel |last=Broussard |title=Apple Reveals Redesigned App Store for iOS 11 With Design Similar to Apple Music |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/apple-redesigning-app-store/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715025920/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/apple-redesigning-app-store/ |archive-date=July 15, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Maps ===
At select locations, [[Apple Maps]] will offer indoor maps for shopping malls and airports.<ref name="Announcement"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Alfred |last=Ng |title=Apple Maps, coming to a mall and airport near you |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/wwdc-apple-maps-mall-navigation-indoors-gps/ |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605195617/https://www.cnet.com/news/wwdc-apple-maps-mall-navigation-indoors-gps/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

New lane guidance and speed limit features aim to guide drivers on unfamiliar roads.<ref name="Announcement"/>

=== Photos ===
The Photos app in iOS 11 gains support for viewing animated [[GIF]]s. Users can access GIF images inside an album titled "Animated".<ref>{{cite web |first=Roger |last=Fingas |title=Inside iOS 11: Apple's Photos app gains native support for animated GIFs |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/06/inside-ios-11-apples-photos-app-gains-native-support-for-animated-gifs |website=AppleInsider |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607190219/http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/06/inside-ios-11-apples-photos-app-gains-native-support-for-animated-gifs |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Memories can be viewed while the phone is in portrait orientation.<ref>{{cite web |first=Cella Lao |last=Rousseau |title=iOS 11 FAQ: Everything you need to know! |url=https://www.imore.com/ios-11 |website=iMore |date=June 10, 2017 |access-date=June 11, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607090757/https://www.imore.com/ios-11 |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Podcasts ===
The Podcasts app receives a redesign similar to the App Store, with a focus on editorial content.<ref name="The Verge 9 features"/><ref name="TechnoBuffalo 11 features">{{cite web |first=Brandon |last=Russell |title=iOS 11: Here are 11 features Apple didn't mention |url=https://www.technobuffalo.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-features-list/ |website=TechnoBuffalo |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606012734/https://www.technobuffalo.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-features-list/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Notes ===
The [[Notes (Apple)|Notes]] app has a built-in document scanner<ref name="The Verge iPad"/> using the device's camera, and the feature removes artifacts such as glare and perspective.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mike |last=Wehner |title=Apple shows off iOS 11 for iPad, with drag-and-drop and lots more |url=http://bgr.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-ipad-features-drag-and-drop-files/ |website=[[Boy Genius Report|BGR]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607073824/http://bgr.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-ipad-features-drag-and-drop-files/ |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

An "Instant Notes" feature on the iPad Pro allows the user to start writing a note from the lock screen by putting the [[Apple Pencil]] onto the screen.<ref>{{cite web |first=Lory |last=Gil |title=How to use Instant Notes on iPad Pro with Apple Pencil in iOS 11 |url=https://www.imore.com/how-use-instant-notes-ipad-pro-apple-pencil-ios-11 |website=iMore |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916182735/https://www.imore.com/how-use-instant-notes-ipad-pro-apple-pencil-ios-11 |archive-date=September 16, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The app also allows users to input inline tables.<ref name="MacStories overview"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Charlie |last=Sorrel |title=Notes app gets new turbocharged text tools iOS 11 |url=http://www.cultofmac.com/485266/notes-app-turbocharged-ios-11-notes/ |website=Cult of Mac |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 11, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606152942/http://www.cultofmac.com/485266/notes-app-turbocharged-ios-11-notes/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Where there is open space in the Notes app, the user can draw inline.<ref name=":0" />

=== Files ===
[[File:IOS 11 Files 1 App iPad.png|thumb|The layout of the "Files" app on an iPad]]
A new "[[Files (software)|Files]]" app lets users browse the files stored on their device, as well as those stored across various cloud services, including [[ICloud#iCloud Drive|iCloud Drive]], [[Dropbox (service)|Dropbox]], [[OneDrive]], and [[Google Drive]]. The app supports organization through structured sub-folders and various file-based options,<ref name="The Verge iPad">{{cite web |first=Chaim |last=Gartenberg |title=iPad gets overhauled multitasking and other major software updates in iOS 11 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732156/apple-ipad-pro-update-multitasking-wwdc-2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605203210/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732156/apple-ipad-pro-update-multitasking-wwdc-2017 |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="TechCrunch iPad"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Hardwick |title=Apple Announces New 'Files' App for iPad, Coming With iOS 11 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/apple-new-ios-11-files-app-for-ipad/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606105447/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/apple-new-ios-11-files-app-for-ipad/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> and it also includes a built-in player for [[FLAC]] audio files.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Lovejoy |title=iOS 11 allows you to play FLAC files, albeit in a clunky way |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/06/flac-ios-11/ |website=9to5Mac |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606151727/https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/06/flac-ios-11/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Roger |last=Fingas |title=Inside iOS 11: Early FLAC audio playback comes to iOS via new Files app |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/06/inside-ios-11-early-flac-audio-playback-comes-to-ios-via-new-files-app |website=AppleInsider |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610070104/http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/06/inside-ios-11-early-flac-audio-playback-comes-to-ios-via-new-files-app |archive-date=June 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The Files app is available on both iPad and iPhone.<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Vincent |title=The iPhone is also getting drag and drop with iOS 11 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/7/15752620/iphone-ios-11-drag-and-drop-apple-wwdc-2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607170449/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/7/15752620/iphone-ios-11-drag-and-drop-apple-wwdc-2017 |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Safari ===
The user's flight information can be found in the Safari app.<ref name="TechnoBuffalo 11 features"/>

=== Calculator ===
The Calculator app receives a redesign, with rounded buttons, replacing the grid ones seen on [[iOS 7]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/05/ios-11-preview-first-look-at-apples-latest-mobile-os-gallery/|title=iOS 11 Preview: First look at Apple's latest mobile OS [Gallery]|date=2017-06-05|work=9to5Mac|access-date=2018-09-13|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Developer APIs ==
A new "ARKit" [[application programming interface]] (API) lets third-party developers build [[augmented reality]] apps, taking advantage of a device's camera, [[CPU]], [[GPU]], and motion sensors.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Potuck |title=Apple announces ARKit for iOS 11 |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/05/apple-announces-arkit-for-ios-11/ |website=9to5Mac |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605185255/https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/05/apple-announces-arkit-for-ios-11/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Adi |last=Robertson |title=Apple is launching an iOS 'ARKit' for augmented reality apps |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732832/apple-augmented-reality-arkit-ar-sdk-wwdc-2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605203417/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15732832/apple-augmented-reality-arkit-ar-sdk-wwdc-2017 |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The ARKit functionality is only available to users of devices with [[Apple A9]] and later processors. According to Apple, this is because "these processors deliver breakthrough performance that enables fast scene understanding and lets you build detailed and compelling virtual content on top of real-world scenes."<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Smith |title=One of the hottest iOS 11 features will force you to buy a new iPhone |url=http://bgr.com/2017/06/08/ios-11-features-augmented-reality/ |website=[[Boy Genius Report|BGR]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |date=June 8, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608145706/http://bgr.com/2017/06/08/ios-11-features-augmented-reality/ |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

A new "Core ML" [[software framework]] will speed up app tasks involving [[artificial intelligence]], such as image recognition.<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Vincent |title=Apple announces new machine learning API to make mobile AI faster |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15725994/apple-mobile-ai-chip-announced-wwdc-2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605203134/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/5/15725994/apple-mobile-ai-chip-announced-wwdc-2017 |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

A new "Depth" API allows third-party camera app developers to take advantage of the [[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]], [[iPhone 8 |iPhone 8 Plus]], and [[iPhone X]]'s dual-camera "Portrait mode". This will let apps implement the same depth-sensing technology available in the default iOS Camera app, to simulate a shallow depth-of-field.<ref>{{cite web |first=Daven |last=Mathies |title=Apple shows off new photography features coming to iOS 11 |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/photography/apple-ios-11-photos-updates/ |website=[[VentureBeat]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625160130/https://www.digitaltrends.com/photography/apple-ios-11-photos-updates/ |archive-date=June 25, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cameras |url=https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/DeviceInformation/Reference/iOSDeviceCompatibility/Cameras/Cameras.html |website=iOS Device Compatibility Reference |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]] |date=September 27, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034810/https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/DeviceInformation/Reference/iOSDeviceCompatibility/Cameras/Cameras.html |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

A new "Core NFC" framework gives developers limited access to the [[near field communication]] (NFC) chip inside supported iPhones, opening potential use cases in which apps can scan nearby environments and give users more information.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Hardwick |title=Developer Access to iPhone's NFC Chip Coming in iOS 11 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/07/developer-access-iphone-nfc-chip-ios-11/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608001950/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/07/developer-access-iphone-nfc-chip-ios-11/ |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Lovejoy |title=Apple opening up (some) access to the iPhone's NFC chip in iOS 11 |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/07/apple-opening-up-some-access-to-the-iphones-nfc-chip-in-ios-11/ |website=9to5Mac |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607183853/https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/07/apple-opening-up-some-access-to-the-iphones-nfc-chip-in-ios-11/ |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

== Removed functionality ==
Apps must be compiled for [[64-bit]] architecture in order to be supported on iOS 11. [[32-bit]] apps are not supported or shown in the App Store in iOS 11, and users who attempt to open such apps receive an alert about the app's incompatibility.<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=32-Bit Apps No Longer Supported in iOS 11 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/06/32-bit-apps-no-longer-supported-in-ios-11/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606054204/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/06/32-bit-apps-no-longer-supported-in-ios-11/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Benjamin |last=Mayo |title=32-bit apps will not launch on iOS 11, Mac App Store transition to 64-bit from 2018 |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/06/ios-11-32-bit-mac-app-store-64-bit/ |website=9to5Mac |date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=June 15, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620040920/https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/06/ios-11-32-bit-mac-app-store-64-bit/ |archive-date=June 20, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

iOS 11 drops the native system integration with Twitter, [[Facebook]], [[Flickr]], and [[Vimeo]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=Apple Nixes Facebook and Twitter Integration in iOS 11 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/facebook-twitter-integration-eliminated-ios-11/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708151810/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/06/05/facebook-twitter-integration-eliminated-ios-11/ |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Mikey |last=Campbell |title=Apple drops Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, Vimeo integration in iOS 11 |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/05/apple-drops-twitter-facebook-flickr-vimeo-integration-in-ios-11 |website=AppleInsider |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607213523/http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/06/05/apple-drops-twitter-facebook-flickr-vimeo-integration-in-ios-11 |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The iCloud Drive app is removed and replaced by the [[Files (software)|Files]] app.<ref>{{cite web |first=Susie |last=Ochs |title=iCloud in iOS 11 FAQ: Everything you need to know! |url=https://www.imore.com/icloud-ios-11 |website=iMore |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=June 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607230936/https://www.imore.com/icloud-ios-11 |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The ability to trigger multitasking using 3D Touch was removed from the original iOS 11 release. In response to a bug report, an Apple engineer wrote that "Please know that this feature was intentionally removed".<ref>{{cite web |first=Benjamin |last=Mayo |title=Removal of 3D Touch app switching gesture in iOS 11 confirmed as intentional change |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/30/ios-11-3d-touch-app-switching-gesture-removed/ |website=9to5Mac |date=June 30, 2017 |access-date=July 15, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710143519/https://9to5mac.com/2017/06/30/ios-11-3d-touch-app-switching-gesture-removed/ |archive-date=July 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Apple's software engineering chief [[Craig Federighi]] wrote in reply to an email that the company had to "temporarily drop support" due to a "technical constraint," pledging to bring it back in a future update to iOS 11.<ref>{{cite web |first=Joe |last=Rossignol |title=Craig Federighi Says 3D Touch App Switcher Gesture Will Return in Future Update to iOS 11 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/09/21/3d-touch-app-switcher-gesture-will-return/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=September 21, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083301/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/09/21/3d-touch-app-switcher-gesture-will-return/ |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Welch |title=Apple will bring back iPhone's 3D Touch multitasking gesture in future iOS 11 update |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/9/21/16346958/iphone-3d-touch-multitasking-coming-back-ios-11 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=September 21, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151356/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/9/21/16346958/iphone-3d-touch-multitasking-coming-back-ios-11 |archive-date=October 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> It was brought back in iOS 11.1.<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=Apple Releases iOS 11.1 With New Emoji, 3D Touch App Switcher, and More |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/10/31/apple-releases-ios-11-1-with-new-emoji/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=October 31, 2017 |access-date=November 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101200024/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/10/31/apple-releases-ios-11-1-with-new-emoji/ |archive-date=November 1, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In iOS 11.2 the toggle switch for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth were unexpectedly changed to not completely turning off those two things but temporarily until the next day. The real turn off is in the Settings app.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/11/13/ios-11-2-beta-3-control-center-explanations/amp/|title=iOS 11.2 Beta 3 Introduces Pop-up to Explain Control Center Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Functionality|access-date=2018-03-09}}</ref>

== Reception ==
iOS 11 received generally positive reviews. Critics universally praised the application dock and new multitasking interface on the iPad, crediting them for renewing the user experience. Further praise was directed at the redesigned Control Center offering customizable toggles, though it was criticized for lack of third-party app support, lack of Wi-Fi network selection ability and for difficult usage on small screen sizes, along with its instability. Critics also noted the new augmented reality development tools, but said their impact would depend on third-party apps and how fast developers embraced them. Praise was also directed at the App Store's redesign and the new file-management tools. Shortly after release, it was discovered that disabling Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connections through the Control Center does not disable the respective chips in the device in order to remain functional for background connectivity, a design decision sparking criticism for "misleading" users and reducing security due to potential vulnerabilities in inactive open connections. The iOS 11.2 update added warning messages and a new toggle color to explain the new functions. iOS 11 has also received continuous criticism from critics and end-users for its perceived stability and performance issues, particularly on older devices; Apple has issued numerous software updates to address such issues and has dedicated [[iOS 12]] mainly toward stability and performance improvements in response.
Two months after release, 52% of iOS devices were running iOS 11, a slower adoption rate than previous iOS versions. The number increased to 85% of devices by September 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/apple-ios-11-adoption-rate-85-percent-ios-12-launch-1911726|title=iOS 11 Adoption Rate Reaches 85 Percent Ahead of iOS 12 Launch|author=Sumit Chakraborty|date=September 5, 2018|website=Gadgets360}}</ref>

Dieter Bohn of ''[[The Verge]]'' liked the new Control Center setup, including customizable toggles and 3D Touch-expandable options, writing that "there are a few panels that I'm really impressed with", specifically highlighting the Apple TV remote as a possible replacement of the normal remote. He did, however, note the lack of third-party access to Control Center, with a hope for support in the future, and a lack of Wi-Fi network selection ability. He praised the screen-recording functionality, calling it "super neat". Bohn severely criticized the notifications view, writing that he has a "very serious disagreement" with Apple on how to manage it, elaborating that he prefers to use that screen as much as possible while stating that "Apple's philosophy is that I'm trying way too hard" to control speedy notifications. Bohn liked the new Files app, new drag-and-drop functionality on the home screen enabling users to drag multiple apps at once, and significantly praised multitasking on iPad. Writing that "Multitasking on the iPad is a near-revelatory experience", he enjoyed the application dock and the ability to place up to three apps on the screen at once with more freedom on placement. Bohn conceded that "It's not as intuitive nor as simple ''{{sic|nor}}'' as easy to manipulate as a traditional windowing system like you'll get on a Mac, PC, or Chromebook", but still praised it for being "radically more powerful than what has ever been available on an iPad before". Finally, Bohn praised Siri for improvements to the voice, highlighted augmented reality allowing for "incredible games", and reiterated an earlier sentiment that iOS 11 is "the most ambitious software update from Apple in a very, very long time".<ref>{{cite web |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |title=iOS 11 review: 10 things to try |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/19/16328404/apple-ios-11-review-iphone-update-control-center-how-to |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=September 19, 2017 |access-date=October 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929054334/https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/19/16328404/apple-ios-11-review-iphone-update-control-center-how-to |archive-date=September 29, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

''[[Macworld]]''{{'}}s Jason Snell wrote that the hype surrounding iOS 11 is "justified". Snell praised the new "smoother" transfer mode of data and settings between an old iPhone and a new iPhone, referring to the previous experience of doing it manually as "a frustrating exercise in entering in passwords repeatedly while tapping through a long series of questions about activating or deactivating numerous iOS features." He also praised the Control Center design, calling it "a great upgrade", though also highlighting the inability to easily switch Wi-Fi networks. Snell noted that the App Store's design had been unchanged for years, but received a full redesign in iOS 11, and wrote that Apple's commitment to editorial pages was "impressive", making the App Store "a richer, more fun experience." Regarding the introduction of augmented reality, he stated that most apps using it were "bad", though some also "mind-blowingly good," adding that the "huge potential" depended on how third-party apps were using it. Snell also praised improvements to the iPad experience, including multitasking and drag-and-drop across apps, the latter of which he stated "actually surpasses my expectations" due to ease of use. His review summarization states that iOS 11 is "Apple’s most ambitious and impressive upgrade in years."<ref>{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Snell |title=iOS 11 review: Apple's most ambitious and impressive upgrade in years |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/3225451/ios/ios-11-review-apples-most-ambitious-and-impressive-upgrade-in-years.html |website=[[Macworld]] |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |date=September 21, 2017 |access-date=October 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922014101/https://www.macworld.com/article/3225451/ios/ios-11-review-apples-most-ambitious-and-impressive-upgrade-in-years.html |archive-date=September 22, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Romain Dillet of ''[[TechCrunch]]'' focused mostly on the iPad in his review, writing that iOS 11 "turns your iPad into a completely different machine", with "much more efficient" multitasking and improved ease of access with the application dock. He also praised the design overhaul of the App Store, calling it "a huge improvement compared to the previous App Store", and also highlighted design changes in other apps, including "a huge bold header with the name of the app or section". Although he acknowledged that "Many tech friends have told me that they hate this change," Dillet stated that "I think most people will like it. It’s visually pleasing and distinctive." He stated that augmented reality will become more relevant in the days following the iOS 11 release as third-party developers incorporate features into their apps, and praised Apple for creating the ARKit development tools as it "makes it much easier to implement augmented reality features". In conclusion, Dillet wrote that "Ten years ago, iOS started as a constrained operating system. It is now one of the biggest digital playgrounds".<ref>{{cite web |first=Romain |last=Dillet |title=iOS 11 is a fresh start for the iPad |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/19/ios-11-review/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[Oath Inc.]] |date=September 19, 2017 |access-date=October 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930103346/https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/19/ios-11-review/ |archive-date=September 30, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Devindra Hardawar of ''[[Engadget]]'' stated that the focus of iOS 11 was "all about transforming iOS into something more desktop-like", with many enhancements for iPad while "leaving the iPhone a bit behind." He had mixed feelings about the Control Center, writing that, on small phone screen sizes, it "feels like a jumbled mess," and adding that true comfort may only be present with larger screens, a troubling situation for owners of non-Plus devices. However, he praised the ability to customize the buttons, including removing those the user never uses, and the ability to quickly record the screen or enable accessibility features. He called the new app designs "attractive", and favorably pointed out the new app drawer at the bottom of conversations in the Messages app, referring to it as "a big improvement over the messy interface of last year." He praised Siri for an improved voice, the Photos app for creating better Memories, and new social features in Apple Music, though noting the lack of people in his social circle using the service. Referencing [[IKEA]]'s "IKEA Place" app, which uses augmented reality to virtually place objects in a room, he significantly praised the performance of the augmented reality technology on iPhone, writing that "It did a great job of rendering furniture in physical spaces using both the iPhone 8, and, even more impressively, it ran smoothly on my iPhone 6S". Finally, Hardawar also enjoyed new functionality on iPad, calling multitasking, the application dock and drag-and-drop "dramatic changes," and highlighting the "particularly useful" experience of dragging Internet content directly from the web into the new Files app. In summarization, he recognized the significant strides made for iPad with iOS 11, writing that "it's a shame that iOS 11 doesn't bring more to the table on the iPhone", though acknowledging the rise of augmented reality.<ref>{{cite web |first=Devindra |last=Hardawar |title=iOS 11 review: A big deal for iPads, but not iPhones |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/09/19/apple-ios-11-review/ |website=[[Engadget]] |publisher=[[Oath Inc.]] |date=September 19, 2017 |access-date=October 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014182542/https://www.engadget.com/2017/09/19/apple-ios-11-review/ |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In November 2017, Apple's App Store support page was updated to reflect that 52% of iOS devices were running iOS 11,<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=Apple Says iOS 11 is Installed on 52% of Devices |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/11/07/ios-11-installed-on-52-percent-of-devices/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=November 7, 2017 |access-date=November 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108114700/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/11/07/ios-11-installed-on-52-percent-of-devices/ |archive-date=November 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> a slower migration rate than for the release of iOS 10 the year prior, which saw 60% user adoption by October 2016.<ref>{{cite web |first=Chaim |last=Gartenberg |title=iOS 11 adoption hits 52 percent, lagging behind previous versions |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/11/7/16621020/ios-11-adoption-52-percent-lagging-10-9-iphone-ipad-operating-system |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=November 7, 2017 |access-date=November 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108021348/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/11/7/16621020/ios-11-adoption-52-percent-lagging-10-9-iphone-ipad-operating-system |archive-date=November 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The number increased to 59% of devices by December 2017.<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=Apple Says iOS 11 is Now Installed on 59% of Devices |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/05/ios-11-installation-59-percent/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=December 5, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206000005/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/05/ios-11-installation-59-percent/ |archive-date=December 6, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Steve |last=Ranger |title=iOS 11: Here's how many iPhones and iPads are running it now |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/ios-11-heres-how-many-iphones-and-ipads-are-running-it-now/ |website=[[ZDNet]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=December 6, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103113647/http://www.zdnet.com/article/ios-11-heres-how-many-iphones-and-ipads-are-running-it-now/ |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Design inconsistencies and software bugs ===
In September 2017, Jesus Diaz of ''[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]'' criticized design details in iOS 11 and Apple's built-in apps not adhering to Apple's user interface guidelines. Headers not being aligned properly between different apps, elements not being centered, and different colors and sizing caused Diaz to write that "When it comes to software, Apple’s attention to detail is crumbling away." However, he also looked back in history, mentioning that Apple Music's original design, a lack of optical typography alignment in the Calendar app, and previously-fixed iOS design mistakes being ported to the [[macOS]] software had established that "This inconsistency and lack of attention to detail are not new at Apple." He firmly stated: "Perhaps this is inevitable, given the monumental task of having to update the operating system every year. But for a company that claims to have an obsessive attention to detail, this is not acceptable."<ref>{{cite web |first=Jesus |last=Diaz |title=iOS 11 Sucks |url=https://www.fastcodesign.com/90143457/ios-11-sucks |website=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]] |publisher=Mansueto Ventures |date=September 19, 2017 |access-date=November 22, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118103954/https://www.fastcodesign.com/90143457/ios-11-sucks |archive-date=November 18, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In November 2017, ''[[Gizmodo]]''{{'}}s Adam Clark Estes wrote extensively on [[software bug]]s and product imperfections experienced while using iOS 11. Estes pointed to issues such as keyboard covering up messages and a disappearing reply field in the Messages app, the letter "i" converting to a Unicode symbol, and the screen becoming unresponsive, writing that "The new operating system has turned my phone into a bug-infested carcass of its former self, and the frustration of trying to use it sometimes makes me want to die, too." He also wrote on the aspect of technology becoming more advanced and sophisticated, explaining that "back when the iPhone 4 came out [...] smartphones were a lot simpler. The cameras were joyfully crappy. The screens were small. The number of apps we could download and things we could connect to was paltry compared to today. [...] We should expect some bugs, I guess. More complex pieces of technology contain more points of failure, and I’m oversimplifying the issue." He concluded by theorizing on technological development, writing: "However, I am trying to understand exactly how my life with computers veered so dramatically from the days of Windows 95 when nothing worked right, to the golden age of the iPhone 4 when everything seemed perfect, to now when just a handful of iOS bugs make me feel like the world is falling apart. [...] Maybe I’m the annoying thing, the whiny one who’s upset that nothing seems perfect any more. Or maybe, just maybe, Apple is slipping, and we were wrong to trust it all along."<ref>{{cite web |first=Adam Clark |last=Estes |title=iOS 11 Is Killing Me |url=https://gizmodo.com/ios-11-is-killing-me-1820480836 |website=[[Gizmodo]] |publisher=[[Univision Communications]] |date=November 17, 2017 |access-date=November 22, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121115826/https://gizmodo.com/ios-11-is-killing-me-1820480836 |archive-date=November 21, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

== Problems ==
=== Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Control Center toggles ===
Shortly after iOS 11 was released, ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]''{{'}}s ''Motherboard'' discovered new behaviors by the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth toggles in the [[Control Center (iOS)|Control Center]]. When users tap to turn off the features, iOS 11 only disconnects the chips from active connections, but does not disable the respective chips in the device. The report further states that "it's a feature, not a bug", referencing documentation pages by Apple confirming the new toggle behaviors as a means to disconnect from connections but remain active for [[AirDrop]] transfers, [[AirPlay]] streaming, [[Apple Pencil]] input, [[Handoff (Continuity)|handoff]] and other features. Security researcher Andrea Barisani told ''Motherboard'' that the new user interface was "not obvious at all", making the user experience "more uncomfortable".<ref>{{cite web |first=Lorenzo |last=Franceschi-Bicchierai |title=Turning Off Wi-Fi and Bluetooth in iOS 11's Control Center Doesn't Actually Turn Off Wi-Fi or Bluetooth |url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/evpz7a/turn-off-wi-fi-and-bluetooth-apple-ios-11 |website=Motherboard |publisher=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |date=September 20, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929001110/https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/evpz7a/turn-off-wi-fi-and-bluetooth-apple-ios-11 |archive-date=September 29, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Nick |last=Statt |title=iOS 11's Control Center doesn't let you turn off Wi-Fi or Bluetooth |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/20/16340460/apple-ios-11-control-center-wi-fi-bluetooth-tricking-users |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=September 20, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001073622/https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/20/16340460/apple-ios-11-control-center-wi-fi-bluetooth-tricking-users |archive-date=October 1, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In October 2017, the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] published an article, calling the interface "misleading" and "bad for user security", due to a higher risk of [[Vulnerability (computing)|security vulnerabilities]] with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth chips activated while not in active use. The Foundation recommended that Apple fix the "loophole in connectivity", writing that "It's simply a question of communicating better to users, and giving them control and clarity when they want their settings off - not "off-ish"".<ref>{{cite web |first=Andres |last=Arrieta |title=iOS 11's Misleading "Off-ish" Setting for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi is Bad for User Security |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/10/ios-11s-misleading-ish-setting-bluetooth-and-wi-fi-bad-user-security |website=[[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] |date=October 4, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008134455/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/10/ios-11s-misleading-ish-setting-bluetooth-and-wi-fi-bad-user-security |archive-date=October 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Joe |last=Rossignol |title=EFF Says iOS 11's Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Toggles in Control Center Are Misleading and Compromise Security |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/10/06/eff-says-ios-11-control-center-toggles-misleading/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=October 6, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101072150/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/10/06/eff-says-ios-11-control-center-toggles-misleading/ |archive-date=November 1, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

iOS 11.2 changes this behavior slightly, by turning the toggles white and showing a warning message that explains the functions of the toggles in the Control Center, when the toggles are turned off.<ref name="iOS 11.2 MacRumors">{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=Apple Releases iOS 11.2 With Apple Pay Cash, Faster 7.5W Wireless Charging, Date Bug Fix and More |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/02/apple-releases-ios-11-2/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=December 2, 2017 |access-date=December 2, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202084607/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/02/apple-releases-ios-11-2/ |archive-date=December 2, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Battery drain issues ===
Some users have experienced battery drain problems after updating to iOS 11. In a poll on its website, 70% of ''9to5Mac'' visitors reported decreased battery life after updating to the new operating system.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Potuck |title=iOS 11: How to improve iPhone battery life |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/09/26/ios-11-how-to-improve-iphone-battery-life/ |website=9to5Mac |date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=October 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014203451/https://9to5mac.com/2017/09/26/ios-11-how-to-improve-iphone-battery-life/ |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> However, in an article featuring [[Twitter]] complaints of battery life, ''[[Daily Express]]'' wrote that "honestly, this is to be expected. It happens every year, and it's completely normal. Major iOS releases will hammer the battery on your device much faster during the first few days of use",<ref>{{cite web |first=Aaron |last=Brown |title=iOS 11 battery life problems? iPhone owners suffer battery drain after update, this is why |url=http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/science-technology/856993/iOS-11-Battery-Life-Problem-Slow-iPhone |website=[[Daily Express]] |publisher=[[Northern & Shell]] |date=September 22, 2017 |access-date=October 14, 2017}}</ref> with ''[[Forbes]]'' stating in an article that "The days after you install a new version of iOS, your iDevice is busy doing all sorts of housekeeping. Practically all of your apps have updates, so iOS is busy downloading and installing them in the background. [...] Additionally, after you install a new version of iOS, it has to do something called "re-indexing." During this process, iOS 11 will comb through all of the data on your device so that it can be cataloged for quick [[Spotlight (software)|Spotlight]] searching." The article further states that "The good news is that both of these things are temporary".<ref>{{cite web |first=Anthony |last=Karcz |title=Is iOS 11 Killing Your Battery Life? Here's Why You Don't Have To Do Anything To Fix It |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonykarcz/2017/09/21/ios-11-killing-your-battery-life-yes-heres-why-you-dont-have-to-do-anything-to-fix-it/ |website=[[Forbes]] |date=September 21, 2017 |access-date=October 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924073642/https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonykarcz/2017/09/21/ios-11-killing-your-battery-life-yes-heres-why-you-dont-have-to-do-anything-to-fix-it/ |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Within a week of the launch of the 11.3.1 update, users began reporting continued issues with this update regarding battery drainage. Some of these reports indicated drains from 57% down to 3% in just 3 minutes. Even users with the health of the battery measuring 96% noticed iPhones draining at around 1% per minute. In addition to battery drains, some iPhone users noticed their devices having excessive heat buildup.<ref name="Kelly">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2018/05/02/apple-ios-11-3-1-iphone-battery-problems-iphone-new-battery-ios-upgrade-ios-11/|title=Apple iOS 11.3.1 Release Has A Nasty New Surprise|last=Kelly|first=Gordon|work=Forbes|access-date=2018-05-16|language=en}}</ref>

It has been recommended by technology experts that users not upgrade their software until the release of a version subsequent to 11.3.1 unless specifically plagued by the 'third party display issue'.<ref name="Kelly"/>

=== Calculator bug ===
In October 2017, users reported on [[Reddit]] that quickly typing in an equation in the built-in iOS [[Calculator (macOS)|calculator]] app gives incorrect answers, most notably making the query "1+2+3" result in "24" rather than "6". Analysts have blamed an animation lag caused during the redesign of the app in iOS 11. The problem can be worked around by typing the numbers slowly, or by downloading alternative calculator apps from the App Store that do not have this problem. With a large amount of bug reports filed, Apple employee Chris Espinosa indicated on [[Twitter]] that the company was aware of the issue.<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=iOS 11 Bug: Typing 1+2+3 Quickly in the Calculator App Won't Get You 6 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/10/24/ios-11-calculator-animation-bug/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=October 24, 2017 |access-date=November 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026165113/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/10/24/ios-11-calculator-animation-bug/ |archive-date=October 26, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> iOS 11.2 fixed the issue.<ref name="iOS 11.2 MacRumors"/>

=== Keyboard autocorrect bugs ===
In November 2017, users reported a bug in the default iOS keyboard, in which pressing "I" resulted in the system rendering the text as "!" or "A" along with an incomprehensible symbol featuring a question mark in a box. The symbol is known as [[Variation Selectors (Unicode block)|Variation Selector 16]] for its intended purpose of merging two characters into an emoji.<ref>{{cite web |first=Matthew |last=Field |title=iPhones are autocorrecting the letter 'i' to an incomprehensible symbol |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/11/06/iphones-autocorrecting-letter-incomprehensible-symbol/ |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |date=November 6, 2017 |access-date=November 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109104204/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/11/06/iphones-autocorrecting-letter-incomprehensible-symbol/ |archive-date=November 9, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Apple acknowledged the issue in a support document, advising users to set up a Text Replacement feature in their device's keyboard settings as a temporary workaround.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Hardwick |title=Apple Recommends Temporary Workaround for Autocorrect Bug in iOS 11.1 |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/11/06/apple-workaround-for-autocorrect-bug-ios/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=November 6, 2017 |access-date=November 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108202751/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/11/06/apple-workaround-for-autocorrect-bug-ios/ |archive-date=November 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The company confirmed to ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' that devices using older iOS 11 versions, as opposed to just the latest 11.1 version at the time of the publication, were affected by the issue, and an Apple spokesperson announced that "A fix will be released very soon".<ref>{{cite web |first=Joanna |last=Stern |title=Apple Working on Fix for iPhone Autocorrect Bug |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-working-on-fix-for-iphone-autocorrect-bug-1509994954 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |publisher=[[Dow Jones & Company]] |date=November 6, 2017 |access-date=November 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015127/https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-working-on-fix-for-iphone-autocorrect-bug-1509994954 |archive-date=November 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }} {{subscription required}}</ref> iOS 11.1.1 was released on November 9, 2017, fixing the issue.<ref name="Keyboard bug fixed">{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=Apple Releases iOS 11.1.1 Update With Fix for 'A[?]' Autocorrect Bug |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/11/09/apple-releases-ios-11-1-1-update/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=November 9, 2017 |access-date=November 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110060029/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/11/09/apple-releases-ios-11-1-1-update/ |archive-date=November 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

At the end of the month, another keyboard autocorrection bug was reported, this time replacing the word "It" with "I.T." ''MacRumors'' suggested users set up the Text Replacement feature the same way they did for the earlier autocorrection issue, though its report notes that "some users insist this solution does not solve the problem".<ref>{{cite web |first=Joe |last=Rossignol |title=Hundreds of iPhone Users Complain About the Word 'It' Autocorrecting to 'I.T' on iOS 11 and Later |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/11/27/ios-11-autocorrect-issue-it-to-i-t/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=November 27, 2017 |access-date=November 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127230125/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/11/27/ios-11-autocorrect-issue-it-to-i-t/ |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> It was fixed with the release of iOS 11.2.<ref name="iOS 11.2 autocorrect">{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=iOS 11.2 Update Fixes 'I.T' Autocorrect Bug |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/02/ios-11-2-update-fixes-i-t-autocorrect-bug/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=December 2, 2017 |access-date=December 2, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202203149/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/02/ios-11-2-update-fixes-i-t-autocorrect-bug/ |archive-date=December 2, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== December 2 crashes ===
In early December, users wrote on [[Twitter]] and [[Reddit]] that, at exactly 12:15 a.m. local time on December 2, any App Store app that sends local notifications would cause the device to repeatedly restart. Reddit users reported that disabling notifications or turning off background app refresh would stop the issue, while Apple staff on Twitter reported that it was a bug in date handling, recommending users to manually set the date prior to December 2. ''MacRumors'' wrote that the issue "looks like it's limited to devices running iOS 11.1.2", with users on the 11.2 beta release not affected.<ref>{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=Date Bug in iOS 11.1.2 Causing Crash Loop on iPhones as December 2 Hits [Updated] |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/02/ios-11-1-2-date-bug-crash-loop/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=December 1, 2017 |access-date=December 4, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204081111/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/02/ios-11-1-2-date-bug-crash-loop/ |archive-date=December 4, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Rene |last=Ritchie |title=iPhone crashing on Dec. 2? Here's the fix! |url=https://www.imore.com/iphone-crashing-dec-2-heres-fix |website=iMore |publisher=Mobile Nations |date=December 2, 2017 |access-date=December 4, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224443/https://www.imore.com/iphone-crashing-dec-2-heres-fix |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> iOS 11.2, released on the same day, fixed the issue.<ref name="iOS 11.2 MacRumors"/>

=== iOS 11.2 HomeKit vulnerability ===
In December 2017, ''9to5Mac'' uncovered a [[Vulnerability (computing)|security vulnerability]] in iOS 11.2 within Apple's [[HomeKit]] smart home system, allowing unauthorized access to smart locks and garage door openers. It noted that Apple had already issued a server-side fix that, while preventing unauthorized access, also limited HomeKit functionality, with an upcoming software fix for the iOS operating system intended to restore the lost functionality.<ref>{{cite web |first=Zac |last=Hall |title=Zero-day iOS HomeKit vulnerability allowed remote access to smart accessories including locks, fix rolling out |url=https://9to5mac.com/2017/12/07/homekit-vulnerability/ |website=9to5Mac |date=December 7, 2017 |access-date=December 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207220153/https://9to5mac.com/2017/12/07/homekit-vulnerability/ |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Mallory |last=Locklear |title=iOS HomeKit bug exposed smart locks to unauthorized access |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/12/07/ios-homekit-bug-smart-locks-unauthorized-access/ |website=[[Engadget]] |publisher=[[Oath Inc.]] |date=December 7, 2017 |access-date=December 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208005225/https://www.engadget.com/2017/12/07/ios-homekit-bug-smart-locks-unauthorized-access/ |archive-date=December 8, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> On December 13, 2017, Apple released iOS 11.2.1, which fixed the limitation on remote access.<ref name="HomeKit fix">{{cite web |first=Juli |last=Clover |title=Apple Releases iOS 11.2.1 Update With HomeKit Remote Sharing Fix |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/13/apple-releases-ios-11-2-1-update-with-homekit-fix/ |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213203426/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/13/apple-releases-ios-11-2-1-update-with-homekit-fix/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

== Supported devices ==
iOS 11 drops support for devices with a [[32-bit|32-bit processor]]: specifically the [[iPhone 5]], [[iPhone 5C]], and the [[iPad (4th generation)|fourth-generation iPad]]. It is the first version of iOS to run exclusively on iOS devices with [[64-bit computing|64-bit processors]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Cunningham |title=iOS 11 drops the iPhone 5 and 5C and the fourth-gen iPad |url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2017/06/goodbye-32-bit-ios-11-ends-support-for-the-iphone-5-and-the-ipad-4/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=June 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605192202/https://arstechnica.com/apple/2017/06/goodbye-32-bit-ios-11-ends-support-for-the-iphone-5-and-the-ipad-4/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

{{col-begin|width=75%}}
{{col-break}}

=== iPhone ===
* [[iPhone 5S]]
* [[iPhone 6]]
* [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 6S]]
* [[iPhone 6S|iPhone 6S Plus]]
* [[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
* [[iPhone 7]]
* [[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 8]]
* [[iPhone 8|iPhone 8 Plus]]
* [[iPhone X]]
{{col-break}}

=== iPod Touch ===
* [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]]

{{col-break}}

=== iPad ===
* [[iPad Air]]
* [[iPad Air 2]]
* [[iPad (2017)]]
* [[iPad (2018)]]
* [[iPad Mini 2]]
* [[iPad Mini 3]]
* [[iPad Mini 4]]
* [[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (9.7-inch)]]
* [[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (10.5-inch)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch 1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch 2nd generation)]]
{{col-end}}

==See also==
* [[iOS version history]]
* [[Android Oreo]]
* [[Windows 10 Mobile]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828212252/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-11/|date=August 28, 2018|title=Official website}}

{{iOS}}
{{Darwin derivations}}
{{Apple software}}

[[Category:IOS|*11]]
[[Category:2017 software]]
[[Category:Tablet operating systems]]

IOS 12

2021-05-17T20:36:49Z

89.84.127.36: iOS trump

{{short description|Twelfth major release of iOS, the mobile operating system by Apple Inc.}}
{{lowercase title}}
{{Infobox OS version
| name = iOS Trump
| logo = MacintoshII.jpg
| logo_size = 85px
| screenshot = Donald Trump August 19, 2015 (cropped).jpg
| caption = iOS 12 running on an [[iPhone X]]
| screenshot_size = 240px
| screenshot_alt =
| collapsible =
| version_of = [[iOS]]
| developer = [[Apple Inc.]]
| family = [[IOS]]
| working_state =
| source_model = [[Proprietary software|Closed]], with [[open-source software|open-source]] components
| released = {{start date and age|2018|9|17|mf=yes}}
| RTM_date =
| GA_date =
| marketing_target = Phones and Tablets
| programmed_in =
| language =
| update_model = OTA, iTunes
| package_manager =
| supported_platforms = {{plainlist|
'''[[iPhone]]'''
* [[iPhone 5S]]
* [[iPhone 6]]/[[iPhone 6|6 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 6S]]/[[iPhone 6S|6S Plus]]
* [[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
* [[iPhone 7]]/[[iPhone 7|7 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 8]]/[[iPhone 8|8 Plus]]
* [[iPhone X]]
* [[iPhone XS]]/[[iPhone XS|XS Max]]
* [[iPhone XR]]
'''[[iPod Touch]]'''
* [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]]
* [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]
'''[[iPad]]'''
* [[iPad Air (1st generation)]]
* [[iPad Air 2]]
* [[iPad Air (3rd generation)]]
* [[iPad (5th generation)]]
* [[iPad (6th generation)]]
* [[iPad Mini 2]]
* [[iPad Mini 3]]
* [[iPad Mini 4]]
* [[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
* [[iPad Pro]] (12.9-inch 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation)
* [[iPad Pro]] (9.7-inch)
* [[iPad Pro]] (10.5-inch)
* [[iPad Pro]] (11-inch 1st generation)
}}
| kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]])
| userland =
| ui =
| license = [[Proprietary software]] with open-source components
| preceded_by = [[iOS 11]]
| succeeded_by = [[iOS 13]] (for iPhone and iPod touch) [[iPadOS 13]] (for iPad)
| website = {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909033052/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|title=iOS 12 - Apple|date=September 9, 2019}}
| support_status = Third-party application support and security updates by Apple
| other_articles =
}}
'''iOS 12''' is the [[iOS version history|twelfth major release]] of the [[iOS]] [[mobile operating system]] developed by [[Apple Inc.]] Aesthetically similar to its predecessor, [[iOS 11]], it focuses less on new functions than on performance, quality improvements and security updates. Announced at the company's [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|Worldwide Developers Conference]] on June 4, 2018, iOS 12 was released to the public on September 17, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.macrumors.com/2018/09/17/apple-releases-ios-12/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12 With Faster Performance, Memoji, Siri Shortcuts, Screen Time, Revamped Maps App, ARKit 2.0, and More|work=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=2018-09-17|language=en}}</ref> It was succeeded for the [[iPhone]] and [[iPod Touch]] by [[iOS 13]] on September 19, 2019 and for the [[iPad]] by [[iPadOS 13]] on September 24, 2019.

More than two and a half years after its release, iOS 12 continues to receive regular security updates for older devices that do not support iOS 13, with the latest 12.5.3 update released on May 3, 2021.

==History==
{{Further|iOS version history#iOS 12}}

===Introduction and initial release===

iOS 12 was introduced by [[Craig Federighi]] at the [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]] keynote address on June 4, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/04/live-from-wwdc-2018/|title=Live From WWDC 2018: Coverage of Apple's Keynote with iOS 12, macOS 10.14, and More|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> The first developer [[beta version]] was released after the keynote presentation,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/04/apple-seeds-first-beta-of-ios-12-to-developers/|title=First Beta of iOS 12 Now Available for Registered Developers|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> with the first public beta released on June 25, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/06/25/apple-releases-first-ios-12-public-beta/|title=Apple Releases First Public Beta of iOS 12|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> The initial release of version 12.0 was on September 17, 2018.

===Updates===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Version
!Build
!Release date
!Notes
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.0
|16A366
|September 17, 2018
|Initial release; Initial release on the [[iPhone XS]] and [[iPhone XS|XS Max]]
|-
|16A367{{efn|name=xr|[[iPhone XR]] only}}
|October 26, 2018
|Initial release on the [[iPhone XR]]; Preinstalled on some early devices
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.0.1
|16A404 16A405{{efn|name=maxxsxr|[[iPhone XS]], iPhone XS Max and [[iPhone XR]] only}}
|October 8, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/10/08/apple-releases-ios-12-0-1-update/|title=Apple Releasing iOS 12.0.1 With Fixes for Wi-Fi 2.4GHz Bug, Lightning Charging Issue|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=October 8, 2018|work=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-releases-ios-12-0-1-with-iphone-xs-charging-fix/|title=Apple releases iOS 12.0.1 with iPhone XS charging fix|last=Kingsley-Hughes|first=Adrian|website=ZDNet|language=en|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209084|title=About iOS 12 Updates|website=Apple Support|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1
|16B92 16B93{{efn|name=xr|[[iPhone XR]] only}} 16B94{{efn|name=xrre|Re-release of 12.1 for [[iPhone XR]] only on November 6, 2018}}
|October 30, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/3307120/ios/ios-121-features-release-date-how-to-install-beta.html|title=iOS 12.1 is released, adding with Group FaceTime, new emoji, dual-SIM, and more|last=Cross|first=Jason|date=October 30, 2018|work=[[Macworld]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2018/10/23/apple-iphone-xs-max-xr-camera-problem-beautygate-charging-ios-12-update-fix-release/#34d11091558c|title=Apple Quietly Admits To iPhone Selfie Issue|last=Kelly|first=Gordon|date=October 23, 2018|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18011306/apple-iphone-xr-review-camera-screen-battery-price|title=Apple iPhone XR review: better than good enough|last=Patel|first=Nilay|date=October 23, 2018|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115043120/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18011306/apple-iphone-xr-review-camera-screen-battery-price|archive-date=November 15, 2018|url-status=live|quote=Apple told me that the forthcoming iOS 12.1 update, currently in public beta, will address the issue of the front camera appearing to smooth out skin by picking a sharper base frame for Smart HDR, but I wasn’t able to test it yet.}}</ref> November 6, 2018{{efn|name=xrre}}
|Initial release on [[iPad Pro (3rd generation)]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.1
|16C50
|December 5, 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2018/12/05/apple-releases-ios-12-1-1-details-about-the-new-features-you-should-know-about/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.1.1: Details About The New Features You Should Know About|last=Chowdhry|first=Amit|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.2
|16C101 16C104{{efn|name=1212re|Re-release of 12.1.2 for all iPhones on December 20, 2018}}
|December 17, 2018 December 20, 2018{{efn|name=1212re}}
|Only for iPhones
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.3
|16D39 16D40{{efn|[[iPhone XS]], iPhone XS Max, [[iPhone XR]] and [[iPad Pro (3rd generation)]] only}}
|January 22, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209084|title=About iOS 12 Updates (Apple official website)|website=Apple.com|access-date=April 28, 2020}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.1.4
|16D57
|February 7, 2019<ref name="group-face-time-fix">{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/02/07/group-facetime-server-restored-following-ios-12-1-4-release-feature-disabled-on-older-versions/|title=Group FaceTime server restored following iOS 12.1.4 release, feature disabled on older versions|last=Hall|first=Zac|date=2019-02-07|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/08/30/google-shocks-1-billion-iphone-users-with-malicious-hack-warning/#268709502524|title=iPhone Attack Shock: Google Issues 1 Billion Apple Users With Critical Security Warning|first=Zak |last=Doffman|date=August 30, 2019|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>
|
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.2
|16E227
|March 25, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=You Need to Update to iOS 12.2 Right Now|url=https://gizmodo.com/you-need-to-update-to-ios-12-2-right-now-to-fix-more-th-1833572278|access-date=2019-03-26|website=Gizmodo|language=en-us}}</ref>
|Initial release on [[iPad Air (3rd generation)]] and [[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3
|16F156
|May 13, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/05/13/apple-releases-ios-12-3/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.3 With New TV App and Channels Feature|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|
|-
|16F8155{{efn|name=ipt7o|[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]] only}}
|May 28, 2019
|Initial release on [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]; Preinstalled on some early devices
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3.1
|16F203
|May 24, 2019
|rowspan=2|
|-
|16F8202{{efn|name=ipt7o|[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]] only}}
| May 29, 2019
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.3.2
|16F250
|June 10, 2019
|Exclusive to [[iPhone 8 Plus]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4
|16G77
|July 22, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/07/22/apple-releasing-ios-12-4-today/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4 With New Wireless Data Migration When Setting Up a New iPhone and Apple News+ Improvements|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|Adds support for the [[Apple Card]] service; adds migration tool between iPhones running iOS 12
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.1
|16G102
|August 26, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/08/26/apple-releases-ios-12-4-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4.1 With Jailbreak Vulnerability Fix|last=Clover|first=Juli|website=www.macrumors.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|Undoes a vulnerability fix reversal from the previous release
|-
!colspan=4|Exclusive to iOS devices that do not support iOS 13 and above ([[iPhone 5S]], [[IPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]], [[iPad Air]], [[iPad Mini 2]], [[iPad Mini 3]] and [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]])
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.2
|16G114
|September 26, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/09/26/apple-releases-ios-12-4-2-update/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.4.2 Update for Older iPhones and iPads|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=September 26, 2019|access-date=September 26, 2019}}</ref>
|rowspan=9|Security Fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.3
|16G130
|October 28, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/10/28/apple-releases-ios-13-2/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.2 With New Emoji, Deep Fusion for iPhone 11, Siri Privacy Options, and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=October 28, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.4
|16G140
|December 10, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210787|title=About the security content of iOS 12.4.4|date=December 10, 2019|access-date=December 10, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.5
|16G161
|January 28, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/01/28/apple-releases-ios-13-3-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.3.1 With Toggle for Turning Off U1 Chip in Latest iPhones|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=January 28, 2020|access-date=January 28, 2020|quote=Apple has also released an iOS 12.4.5 update for older devices.}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.6
|16G183
|March 24, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/03/24/apple-releases-ios-13-4/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.4 With New Mail Toolbar, iCloud Folder Sharing, Trackpad Support for iPad and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=March 24, 2019|access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.7
|16G192
|May 20, 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.5 With Exposure Notification API, Face ID Mask Updates, Group FaceTime Changes and More|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/05/20/apple-releases-ios-13-5/|website=MacRumors|language=en|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.8
|16G201
|July 15, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/07/15/apple-releases-ios-13-6/|title=Apple Releases iOS 13.6 With Car Key, Toggle to Turn Off Automatic Update Downloads, Audio Apple News+ Stories and More|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=July 15, 2020|access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|12.4.9
|16H5
|November 5, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.macrumors.com/2020/11/05/apple-releases-ios-14-2/|title=Apple Releases iOS 14.2 and iPadOS 14.2 With New Emoji, Control Center Music Recognition, Intercom, Wallpapers and More |author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=November 5, 2020|access-date=November 5, 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5
| rowspan="2" |16H20
| rowspan="2" |December 14, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/12/14/apple-releases-ios-14-3/|title= Apple Releases iOS 14.3 and iPadOS 14.3 With AirPods Max Support, ProRAW for iPhone 12 Pro, Apple Fitness+ and More|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=December 14, 2020|access-date=December 14, 2020|quote=Apple has also released an iOS 12.5 update for older iPhones, which brings the ability to use the Exposure Notifications system.}}</ref>
|-
|Adds COVID-19 exposure notification on [[iPhone 5S]] and [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5.1
|16H22
|January 11, 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2021/01/11/ios-12-5-1-exposure-notification-bug-fix/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.5.1 With Exposure Notifications Bug Fix for Older iPhones|author=Juli Clover|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=January 11, 2021|access-date=January 11, 2021}}</ref>
|Solves an issue where Exposure Notifications could incorrectly display logging profile language on [[iPhone 5S]] and [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6/6 Plus]].
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;" |12.5.2
|16H30
|March 26, 2021
| rowspan="2" |Security fixes
|-
| style="background:#d4f4b4; text-align: center; " |'''12.5.3'''
|16H41
|May 3, 2021
|}
{{notelist}}
Legend: {{legend-inline|#ececec|{{abbr|Past|iOS versions that have this color are no longer the latest version of iOS}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#d4f4b4|{{abbr|'''Current'''|iOS versions that have this color are the latest public version of iOS.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#c1e6f5|{{abbr|Beta|iOS versions that have this color are a beta version, and are not the latest public version.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

==System features==
===Performance===
Performance optimizations were made in order to speed up common tasks across all supported iOS devices.<ref name="ars-iOS12-performance">{{cite web |first= Andrew |last=Cunningham |title=iOS 12 on the iPhone 5S, iPhone 6 Plus, and iPad Mini 2: It’s actually faster! |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/09/ios-12-on-the-iphone-5s-iphone-6-plus-and-ipad-mini-2-its-actually-faster/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=September 17, 2018 |access-date=September 18, 2018 }}</ref> Tests done by Apple on an [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 Plus]] showed apps launching 40% faster, the system keyboard activating 50% faster, and the camera opening 70% faster.<ref name="Verge">{{cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/4/17417730/apple-ios-12-iphone-update-best-features-wwdc-2018|title=The 17 biggest new features coming to the iPhone with iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref>

===Screen Time===
[[File:iOS12-ScreenTime.jpg|thumb|The Screen Time usage information screen in iOS 12 on an iPhone X]]
Screen Time is a new feature in iOS 12 that records the amount of time a user spent on the device. The feature also displays the amount of time the user used particular apps,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.imore.com/screen-time-iphone-and-ipad-ios-12-everything-you-need-know|title=Screen Time for iPhone and iPad in iOS 12: Everything you need to know! |work=[[iMore]]|access-date=2018-10-09|language=en}}</ref> the amount of time the user used particular categories of apps (such as games),<ref name="USA Today">{{cite news |title=Apple shows how iOS 12 will change your next iPhone |url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/baig/2018/06/04/ios-12-takeaways-how-latest-software-change-your-iphone/669223002/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |work=[[USA Today]] |language=en}}</ref> and the number of notifications the user received.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17870126/ios-12-screen-time-app-limits-downtime-features-how-to-use|title=How to use Apple’s new Screen Time and App Limits features in iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref>

Screen Time also provides blocking features to limit usage of apps (with time limits) or set other restrictions such as on purchases or explicit content. It replaces Restrictions in the iOS Settings app, but can also be used by adults to limit their own usage. These features can be used with or without a passcode. Without setting a passcode, the limits can easily be bypassed but may serve as a useful reminder of usage goals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mindful.technology/review-screen-time-iphone-ipad-ios-12/|title=Review: Screen Time for iPhone / iPad (iOS 12) |last=Emery |first=Justin |website= mindful.technology |access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>

===Shortcuts===
A dedicated application in iOS 12 allows users to set up Shortcuts, automated actions that the user can ask Siri to perform.<ref name="USA Today"/> Using the Shortcuts app, a user can create a phrase and type in the action they want Siri to do for them. Once they tell the phrase to Siri, Siri will automatically do the task they set for it in the Shortcuts app. The Shortcuts app replaces the [[Workflow (app)|Workflow]] app<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17847104/apple-siri-shortcuts-ios-12-app-download-features|title=Apple’s Siri Shortcuts app now available for iOS 12|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=September 17, 2018|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=September 17, 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> that Apple acquired in March 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/22/15030462/apple-acquires-workflow-iphone-utility|title=Apple bought the best utility app for the iPhone, Workflow|last=Bohn|first=Dieter|date=March 22, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=September 17, 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/17/17847104/apple-siri-shortcuts-ios-12-app-download-features|title=Apple’s Siri Shortcuts app now available for iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>

===ARKit 2===
ARKit now allows users to share their view with other iOS 12-supported devices.<ref name="CNNMoney">{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Heather |title=iOS 12 highlights: Memoji, tech addiction tool, group FaceTime |url= https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/04/technology/apple-wwdc-announcements/index.html |work=[[CNN Money]]}}</ref> ARKit 2 additionally allows full 2D image tracking and incorporates the ability to detect 3D objects.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://developer.apple.com/arkit/|title=ARKit - Apple Developer|website=developer.apple.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-09}}</ref>

===CarPlay===
[[CarPlay]] can now run third-party navigation applications.<ref name="USA Today"/> (Waze, Google Maps, etc.)

===iPad===
The Voice Memos and Stocks apps are now available for iPads.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-announces-updates-to-stocks-voice-memo-apps-for-ipad-iphone/|title=Apple's Stocks, Voice Memo apps will be available for iPad, Mac |first=Ashlee Clark |last=Thompson|date=June 4, 2018}}</ref>

[[Control Center (iOS)|Control Center]] is separated from the app switcher on iPad and can be opened with a swipe down on the top right corner. In addition, [[iPhone X]]-style gestures are introduced across all iPads running iOS 12.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cultofmac.com/554433/new-ipad-gestures-ios-12/|title=New iPad Gestures in iOS 12|first=Christian |last= Zibreg |date=June 5, 2018}}</ref>

=== Keyboard ===
In iOS 12, the [[iOS 9#Other changes|trackpad mode]] (which allows the user to freely move the cursor) is enabled by long-pressing the space bar on devices without 3D Touch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2018/09/17/how-to-use-keyboard-trackpad-mode-on-every-iphone-and-ipad-with-ios-12/|title=How to use keyboard trackpad mode on every iPhone and iPad with iOS 12|last=Mayo|first=Benjamin|date=2018-09-17|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-20}}</ref>

=== App Switcher ===
For devices with gesture navigation and no home button ([[iPhone X]] and later), users can now force quit applications by swiping up from the bottom of the screen (without having to press and hold on them when in the app switcher).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2018/06/04/how-to-close-apps-iphone-x-ios-12/|title=iOS 12 makes closing applications on the iPhone X much easier|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2018-06-05|website=[[9to5Mac]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>

=== Exposure Notification API ===
On December 14, 2020, Apple released iOS 12.5, which includes the Exposure Notification API ([[Backporting|backported]] from iOS 13) that provides access to the [[Apple / Google privacy-preserving contact tracing system]] that Apple have developed jointly with Google.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2020-05-20|title=Apple releases iOS 13.5, here are the new features|url=https://9to5mac.com/2020/05/20/ios-13-5-released-features-exposure/|access-date=2020-05-20|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2020-12-14|title=Apple releases iOS 12.5 for older iPhones with support for COVID-19 exposure notifications|url=https://9to5mac.com/2020/12/14/apple-releases-ios-12-5-for-older-iphones-with-support-for-covid-19-exposure-notifications/|access-date=2020-12-14|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US}}</ref> This is provided to support [[digital contact tracing]] which came to light during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zastrow|first1=Mark|date=19 May 2020|title=Coronavirus contact-tracing apps: can they slow the spread of COVID-19?|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2|url-status=live|journal=Nature|language=en|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01514-2|pmid=32433633|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519190204/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2|archive-date=19 May 2020|access-date=22 May 2020|s2cid=218765305}}</ref>

==App features==
===Messages===
[[Messages (Apple)|Messages]] in iOS 12 introduces a new type of customizable [[Animoji]] called "Memoji" which allows a user to create a 3D character of themselves. Apple also introduced Koala, Tiger, Ghost and T-Rex Animojis.<ref name="CNET">{{cite news |last1=Dolcourt |first1=Jessica |title=iOS 12: Siri shortcuts, group FaceTime and 'Memoji' Animoji of you |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/ios-12-for-iphone-and-ipad-officially-announced-wwdc-2018/ |work=[[CNET]] |date=4 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In addition, Apple added new text and GIF effects similar to those found on other social media applications.

===FaceTime===
[[FaceTime]] gains support for Animoji and Memoji, as well as new text and GIF effects similar to those found on other social media applications and in the Messages application.<ref name="Verge"/>

iOS 12.1, released on October 30, 2018, adds the ability to include up to 32 people in a FaceTime conversation. This feature is only supported with video by devices with the [[Apple A8X]] or [[Apple A9]] chip or later; it is only supported for audio on [[iPhone 5S]], [[iPhone 6]], and iPhone 6 Plus, and is not available at all on [[iPad Mini 2]], [[iPad Mini 3]], and [[iPad Air]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/10/30/apple-releases-ios-12-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS 12.1 With eSIM Support, Real-Time Depth Control, Group FaceTime, New Emoji and More|work=[[MacRumors]]|date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> Group FaceTime was disabled on January 28, 2019 due to a software bug that allowed calls to be answered by the caller rather than the recipient, allowing video and audio to be transmitted unless the call was declined.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/29/18201667/apple-group-facetime-disabled-server-side-major-security-flaw-fix|title=Apple disables Group FaceTime following major security flaw|first=Tom |last=Warren |date= January 29, 2019|website=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> The functionality got restored on February 7, 2019, with the release of iOS 12.1.4. Group FaceTime remains disabled on devices running iOS 12 that are affected by the bug.

===Measure===
{{Main|Measure (Apple)}}
[[Measure (Apple)|Measure]] is a native AR application that allows the user to take measurements of real objects. It also works as a [[Levelling device|level]],<ref name="Verge"/> a feature that was originally packaged as part of the Compass app.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imore.com/compass-app|title=How to use the Compass on iPhone |last=Symons |first=Mick |date= September 1, 2016|website=[[iMore]]|language=en|access-date=2019-03-11|quote=How do you find your direction and level surfaces using your iPhone? With the built-in Compass app!}}</ref>

===Photos===
[[Apple Photos]] has been completely redesigned with four new tabs, including "Photos", "For You", "Albums", and "Search". The new "For You" tab replaces the "Memories" tab previously found in [[iOS 11]] and makes sharing recommendations, creates short-length video collages, photo editing suggestions, as well as featured photos from a specific day.<ref name="Verge"/>

While the "Photos" and "Albums" tabs received only a few cosmetic changes, the "Search" tab includes new Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning features which show the user photos by place and categories (e.g. animals, cars, objects).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sixcolors.com/post/2018/09/ios-12-adds-powerful-search-to-photos/|title=iOS 12 adds powerful search to Photos|last=Snell|first=Jason|author-link=Jason Snell|date=September 17, 2018|website=[[Six Colors]] |language=en-us|access-date= 2019-03-11}}</ref>

===Notifications===
Notifications are now grouped by application and have a "manage" button to turn off notifications for that app or to deliver them quietly right from the Notification Center without having to go into the Settings application.<ref name="imore-do-not-disturb">{{Cite news|url=https://www.imore.com/how-do-not-disturb-and-notifications-will-change-ios-12|title=How Do Not Disturb and Notifications will change in iOS 12|work=[[iMore]]|access-date=2018-06-11|language=en}}</ref>

===Do Not Disturb===
Do Not Disturb gives users more options for automation. Users can hide notifications indefinitely or scheduled like previously, but can also hide notifications for 1 hour, until a time of day, until leaving a location, or until the end of a scheduled event in Calendar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|title=iOS 12|website=Apple|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-08}}</ref>

===Voice Memos and Stocks===
Voice Memos and Stocks are supported on iPad, and have a newer design. Stocks was integrated with [[Apple News]] to show financial and other related news.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-announces-updates-to-stocks-voice-memo-apps-for-ipad-iphone/|title=Apple's Stocks, Voice Memo apps will be available for iPad, Mac|date=2018-06-04|work=[[CNET]]|access-date= 2018-06-07|language=en}}</ref>

===Apple Books===
iBooks was renamed [[Apple Books]], and the app was redesigned, with five new tabs, including "Reading Now", "Library", "Book Store", "Audio Books", and "Search".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/4/17425852/ibooks-redesign-apple-books-branding-ios-12-update-wwdc-2018|title=iBooks gets a redesign and new Apple Books branding in iOS 12|work=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2018-06-23}}</ref> The new app design is similar to that of [[Apple Music]], and has been praised for its simplicity in allowing users to easily navigate their book library.{{Cn|date=February 2019}}

===Safari===
[[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] receives an update to Intelligent Tracking Prevention. This includes a feature which allows the user to disable social media "like" and "share" buttons.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.computerworld.com/article/3284104/apple-ios/apple-pushes-privacy-theme-in-safari-for-ios-12-mojave.html|title=Apple pushes privacy theme in Safari for iOS 12, 'Mojave' |last=Keizer |first=Gregg |work=[[Computerworld]] |access-date=2018-06-23|language=en}}</ref>

===Maps===
[[Apple Maps]] had started to be rebuilt from the ground up by relying on first-party map data instead of using map data provided by third parties. This allows for more accurate directions and predictions on the fastest routes.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/29/apple-is-rebuilding-maps-from-the-ground-up/|title=Apple is rebuilding Maps from the ground up|work=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref> The new maps were rolled out in sections and the entire US completed by the end of 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/12/27/apple-maps-rollout-us-complete/|title=Massive Apple Maps rebuild of the US complete as changes roll out to the Southeast|first=Michael|last=Potuck|date=December 27, 2019|website=[[9to5Mac]]}}</ref>

==Problems==

===Rainbow flag emoji===
After a [[Rainbow flag (LGBT movement)|rainbow flag]] [[emoji]] with an [[no symbol|interdictory sign]] over it appeared on [[Twitter]], several users [[call-out culture|accused]] [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] of encouraging [[Anti-LGBT rhetoric|anti-LGBT]] attitudes. However, [[Emojipedia]] has clarified that this occurs when a user tweets the two emojis together and is not an intended feature. This can be used with other emojis as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/anti-lgbt-emoji-twitter-gay-pride-flag-homphobic-viral-a8787686.html|title='Anti-LGBT' emoji sparks outrage on Twitter |last=Young |first= Sarah |date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.fastcompany.com/90309797/no-theres-not-a-new-anti-lgbt-emoji|title=No, there's not a new anti-LGBT emoji|work=[[Fast Company]]|last=Guthrie Weisman|first=Cale|date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.dailydot.com/irl/anti-lgbtq-emoji-isnt-real/|title=The truth behind the anti-LGBTQ emoji controversy |work=[[The Daily Dot]] |last=Dalbey|first=Alex|date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref>

===FaceTime eavesdropping issue===
{{Main|FaceTime#Group FaceTime bug}}
Earlier in 2019 Apple acknowledged a widespread eavesdropping FaceTime issue impacting several versions of iOS 12 (versions 12.1–12.1.3) that allowed users to call someone via FaceTime and hear the audio coming from their phone before answering the call.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.minicreo.com/ios-12-problems/|title='FaceTime Eavesdropping Issue' in iOS 12 |last=Woods |first= Kelly |date=24 May 2019|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> That bug was fixed in iOS 12.1.4.<ref name="group-face-time-fix"/>

==Supported devices==
Any device that supports iOS 11 can be upgraded to iOS 12.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.computerworld.com/article/3282811/which-iphones-ipads-support-apples-ios-12.html|title=Which iPhones, iPads support Apple's iOS 12?|website=[[Computerworld]]|last1=Keizer|first1=Gregg|date=June 19, 2018|access-date=March 11, 2019}}</ref> However, devices, such as the [[iPhone 5S]], [[iPhone 6|6]], [[iPhone 6|6 Plus]] and the [[iPod Touch (6th generation)]] all have limited support due to having an A7 or A8 chip and 1GB of RAM.
These are the list of the devices that support iOS 12:

{{col-begin|width=75%}}
{{col-break}}
===[[iPhone]]===
*[[iPhone 5S]]
*[[iPhone 6]]
*[[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 Plus]]
*[[iPhone 6S]]
*[[iPhone 6S|iPhone 6S Plus]]
*[[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
*[[iPhone 7]]
*[[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]]
*[[iPhone 8]]
*[[iPhone 8|iPhone 8 Plus]]
*[[iPhone X]]
*[[iPhone XS]]
*[[iPhone XS Max]]
*[[iPhone XR]]
{{col-break}}

===[[iPod Touch]]===
*[[iPod Touch (6th generation)]]
*[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]
{{col-break}}

===[[iPad]]===
*[[iPad Air|iPad Air (1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Air 2]]
*[[iPad Air (2019)|iPad Air (3rd generation)]]
*[[iPad (2017)|iPad (5th generation)]]
*[[iPad (2018)|iPad (6th generation)]]
*[[iPad Mini 2]]
*[[iPad Mini 3]]
*[[iPad Mini 4]]
*[[iPad Mini (5th generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (9.7-inch)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (10.5-inch)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (11-inch, 1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 1st generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 2nd generation)]]
*[[iPad Pro|iPad Pro (12.9-inch, 3rd generation)]]
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910162202/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-12/|date=September 10, 2019|title=Official website}}

{{iOS}}
{{Darwin derivations}}
{{Apple software}}
[[Category:IOS|*12]]
[[Category:2018 software]]
[[Category:Tablet operating systems]]

IOS 13

2021-05-17T20:32:19Z

89.84.127.36: MariokartOS

{{lowercase title}}
{{short description|Thirteenth major release of iOS, the mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc.}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox OS version
| name = MariokartOS 14
| logo = Mario Kart DS cover.jpg
| logo_size = 240px
| screenshot = Toilets unisex.svg
| caption = This, is the toilet
| screenshot_size = 240px
| screenshot_alt =
| version_of = [[iOS]]
| developer = [[Apple Inc.]]
| family =
| working_state =
| source_model = [[Proprietary software|Closed]], with [[open-source software|open-source]] components
| released = {{Start date and age|2019|09|19}}
| RTM_date =
| GA_date =
| marketing_target =
| programmed_in =
| language =
| update_model =
| package_manager =
| supported_platforms = {{plainlist|
'''[[iPhone]]'''
* [[iPhone 6S]]
* [[iPhone 6S|iPhone 6S Plus]]
* [[iPhone SE (1st generation)]]
* [[iPhone 7]]
* [[iPhone 7|iPhone 7 Plus]]
* [[iPhone 8]]
* [[iPhone 8|iPhone 8 Plus]]
* [[iPhone X]]
* [[iPhone XS]]
* [[iPhone XS|iPhone XS Max]]
* [[iPhone XR]]
* [[iPhone 11]]
* [[iPhone 11 Pro]]
* [[iPhone 11 Pro|iPhone 11 Pro Max]]
* [[iPhone SE (2nd generation)]]

'''[[iPod Touch]]'''
* [[iPod Touch (7th generation)]]

'''[[HomePod]]'''
* [[HomePod]]
}}
| kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]])
| userland =
| ui = [[Cocoa Touch]] ([[multi-touch]], [[graphical user interface|GUI]])
| license = [[Proprietary software]] with open-source components
| preceded_by = [[iOS 12]]
| succeeded_by = [[iOS 14]]
| website = {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911172015/https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-13/|title=iOS 13|date=September 11, 2020}}
| support_status = Third-party application support
| other_articles = [[iPadOS 13]] (iPadOS version derived from iOS 13)
}}

'''iOS 13''' is the [[iOS version history|thirteenth major release]] of the [[iOS]] [[mobile operating system]] developed by [[Apple Inc.]] for their [[iPhone]], [[iPod Touch]], and [[HomePod]] lines. The successor to [[iOS 12]] on those devices, it was announced at the company's [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|Worldwide Developers Conference]] (WWDC) on June 3, 2019 and released on September 19, 2019. It was succeeded by [[iOS 14]], released on September 16, 2020.

As of iOS 13, the [[iPad]] lines run a separate operating system, derived from [[iOS]], named [[iPadOS]]. Both [[iPadOS 13]] and iOS 13 dropped support for devices with less than 2 [[gigabyte|GB]] of [[random-access memory|RAM]].

== History ==
{{Further|iOS version history#iOS 13 / iPadOS 13}}

=== Introduction and initial release ===

iOS 13 and [[iPadOS 13]] were introduced by Senior Vice President of Software Engineering [[Craig Federighi]] at the WWDC keynote address on June 3, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|first=Chaim|last=Gartenberg|title=Apple iOS 13: the biggest new features coming to the iPhone|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/3/18646351/apple-ios-13-iphone-dark-mode-new-swipe-keyboard-features-wwdc-2019|website=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|date=June 3, 2019|access-date=June 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.apple.com/apple-events/june-2019/ |title=Apple Special Event. June 3, 2019. |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]] |date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2019/06/apple-previews-ios-13/ |title=Apple previews iOS 13 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]] |date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref>

The first [[Software release life cycle#Beta|beta]] was made available to registered developers after the keynote.<ref>{{cite web|first=Juli|last=Clover|title=First Betas of iOS 13 and iPadOS Now Available for Registered Developers With Dark Mode, New Find My App, Performance Optimizations and More|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/06/03/ios-13-beta-1-now-available/|website=[[MacRumors]]|date=June 3, 2019|access-date=June 4, 2019}}</ref> The second beta was released to registered developers on June 18, 2019, and the first public beta was released on June 24, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/documentation/ios_ipados_release_notes/ios_13_release_notes|title=iOS 13 Release Notes | Apple Developer Documentation|website=developer.apple.com}}</ref> The initial release of iOS 13 was version 13.0, which was released to the public on September 19, 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/09/19/apple-releases-ios-13/|title=Apple Releases iOS 13 With System-Wide Dark Mode, Privacy Updates, Revamped Photos App, Find My App, New Maps Features and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=September 19, 2019|access-date=September 19, 2019}}</ref>

===Updates===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Version
!Build
!Release date
!Notes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.0
|17A577
|September 19, 2019
|Initial release only on [[IPhone|iPhones]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.1
|17A844
|September 24, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/09/24/apple-releases-ios-13-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS 13.1 With Share ETA, Expanded Audio Sharing, Shortcuts Automations and More|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=September 24, 2019|access-date=September 24, 2019|website=[[MacRumors]]}}</ref>
| Initial release for [[iPod Touch]] and [[HomePod]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.1.1
|17A854
|September 27, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/09/27/apple-releases-ios-13-1-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.1.1 With Siri and Battery Drain Fix, Keyboard Vulnerability Update and More|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=September 27, 2019|access-date=September 27, 2019|website=[[MacRumors]]}}</ref>
|Bug fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.1.2
|17A860 17A861{{efn|iPhone X, iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max only}}
|September 30, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/09/30/apple-releases-ios-13-1-2/|title=Apple Releases iOS 13.1.2 and iPadOS 13.1.2 with Fixes for Camera, iCloud Backup, HomePod Shortcut, and Flashlight Bugs|website=[[MacRumors]]|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=September 30, 2019|access-date=September 30, 2019}}</ref>
|Bug fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.1.3
|17A878
|October 15, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/10/15/ios-13-1-3-released/|title=Apple Releases iOS 13.1.3 With Bug Fixes for Phone, Mail, Health, and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=October 15, 2019|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref>
|Bug fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.2
|17B84
|October 28, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/10/28/apple-releases-ios-13-2/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.2 With New Emoji, Deep Fusion for iPhone 11, Siri Privacy Options, and More|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=October 28, 2019|website=[[MacRumors]]}}</ref>
|Bug fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.2.1
|17B90
|October 30, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/10/30/apple-releases-homepod-software-13-2-1/|title=Apple Releases Updated 13.2.1 Software for HomePod After 13.2 Update Bricked Some Devices|website=[[MacRumors]]|last=Clover|first=Juli|date=October 30, 2019|access-date=October 30, 2019}}</ref>
|[[HomePod]] only
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.2.2
|17B102
|November 7, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/11/07/ios-13-2-2-now-available-with-fix-for-background-app-performance-more/|title=iOS 13.2.2 now available with fix for background app performance, more|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=November 7, 2019|access-date=November 7, 2019|website=[[9to5mac]]}}</ref>
|Bug fixes, including for an issue that terminated background applications earlier than expected
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.2.3
|17B111
|November 18, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/11/18/apple-releases-ios-13-2-3-with-more-background-app-improvements-mail-fixes-more/|title=Apple releases iOS 13.2.3 with more background app improvements, Mail fixes, more|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2019-11-18|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref>
|Bug fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.3
|17C54
|December 10, 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/12/10/apple-releases-ios-and-ipados-13-3/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.3 With Communication Limits for Screen Time, Safari Physical Security Key Support, and More|author=Juli Clover|date=December 10, 2019|access-date=December 10, 2019|website=[[MacRumors]]}}</ref>
|Introduces communication limits for Screen Time and bug fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.3.1
|17D50
|January 28, 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/01/28/apple-releases-ios-13-3-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.3.1 With Toggle for Turning Off U1 Chip in Latest iPhones|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=January 28, 2020|access-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref>
|Bug fixes
|-
|rowspan=2; style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.4
|17E255
|March 24, 2020<ref>{{cite web|title=iOS and iPadOS 13.4 is now available with iPad trackpad and mouse support, iCloud folder sharing, and more |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/3519610/ios-ipados-13-4-features-release-date-how-to-install-trackpad-folder-sharing.html|website=Macworld|access-date=24 March 2020|language=en|date=24 March 2020}}</ref>
|Introduces iCloud Drive Folder Sharing and bug fixes
|-
|17E8255
|April 15, 2020{{efn|A different build of iOS 13.4 (17E8255) was shipped only with the [[iPhone SE (2nd generation)]], thus making the theoretical release date the same as the SE (2nd) itself. This build is also unavailable for download.}}
|Initial release on the [[iPhone SE (2nd generation)]]
|-
|rowspan=2; style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.4.1
|17E262
|April 7, 2020<ref>{{cite web|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.4.1 With Fix for FaceTime Bug|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/04/07/apple-releases-ios-13-4-1/|website=Macworld|access-date=7 April 2020|language=en|date=7 April 2020}}</ref>
|Bug fixes
|-
|17E8258
|April 23, 2020<ref>{{cite web|date=23 April 2020|title=Apple Releases iOS 13.4.1 for iPhone SE Ahead of Launch|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/04/23/apple-releases-ios-13-4-1-for-iphone-se/|access-date=28 April 2020|website=MacRumors|language=en}}</ref>
|[[iPhone SE (2nd generation)]] only
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.5
|17F75
|May 20, 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/05/20/apple-releases-ios-13-5/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.5 With Exposure Notification API, Face ID Mask Updates, Group FaceTime Changes and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=May 20, 2020|access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref>
|Introduces Exposure Notification API support for contact tracing and bug fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.5.1
|17F80
|June 1, 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211214 |title=About the Security Content of iOS 13.5.1 and iPadOS 13.5.1 |date=June 1, 2020 |access-date=June 1, 2020 }}</ref>
|Bug fixes and patch for unc0ver [[IOS jailbreaking|jailbreak]]
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.6
|17G68
|July 15, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/07/15/apple-releases-ios-13-6/|title=Apple Releases iOS 13.6 With Car Key, Toggle to Turn Off Automatic Update Downloads, Audio Apple News+ Stories and More|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=July 15, 2020|access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref>
|Introduces Apple News+ Audio features and bug fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.6.1
|17G80
|August 12, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/08/12/apple-releases-ios-13-6-1/|title=Apple Releases iOS and iPadOS 13.6.1 With Fix for Storage Issue and Green Tinted Displays|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=August 12, 2020|access-date=August 12, 2020}}</ref>
|Bug fixes
|-
|style="background:#ececec; text-align: center;"|13.7
|17H35
|September 1, 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/09/01/apple-releases-ios-13-7/|title=iOS 13.7 Now Available With Support for Exposure Notifications Express|website=[[MacRumors]]|author=Juli Clover|date=September 1, 2020|access-date=September 1, 2020}}</ref>
|Improvements to Exposure Notification API, adding support for notifications without requiring an application{{Efn|It is still necessary to have an authorized application to report positivity to COVID-19.|name=|group=}}
|}
Legend: {{legend-inline|#ececec|{{abbr|Past|iOS versions that have this color are no longer the latest version of iOS}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#d4f4b4|{{abbr|'''Current'''|The iOS version that has this color is the latest public version of iOS.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend-inline|#c1e6f5|{{abbr|Beta|iOS versions that have this color are a beta version, and are not the latest public version.}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{notelist}}

== System features ==

=== Privacy ===
iOS 13 changes the handling of location data. When an app requests access to location, the user chooses whether to grant access whenever they are using the app, never, or only once. The user will receive similar prompts for background location access, and when an app requests access to Bluetooth or Wi-Fi (which may also be used for non-consensual location tracking).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/keep-your-location-secret-with-ios-13s-new-privacy-features/|title=Keep your location secret with iOS 13's new privacy features|last=Cipriani|first=Jason|website=[[CNET]]|language=en|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/19/20867286/ios-13-bluetooth-permission-privacy-feature-apps|title=Here's why so many apps are asking to use Bluetooth on iOS 13|last=Welch|first=Chris|date=2019-09-19|website=[[The Verge]]|language=en|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref>

In August 2019, it was reported that beginning in April 2020, the PushKit API for [[VoIP]] would be restricted to internet telephone usage, closing a "loophole" that had been used by other apps for background data collection.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenextweb.com/privacy/2019/08/07/apple-will-limit-voip-background-data-collection-from-whatsapp-snapchat-et-al-in-ios-13/|title=Apple will limit VoIP background data collection from WhatsApp, Snapchat et al in iOS 13|last=Lakshmanan|first=Ravie|date=2019-08-07|website=[[The Next Web]]|language=en-us|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/08/ios-13-privacy-feature-will-force-total-overhaul-for-facebook-apps/|title=iOS 13 privacy feature will force total overhaul for Facebook apps|last=Washenko|first=Anna|date=2019-08-06|website=[[Ars Technica]]|language=en-us|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref>

=== User interface ===
A system-wide [[light-on-dark color scheme|dark mode]] allows users to enable a light-on-dark color scheme for the entire [[iOS]] and [[iPadOS]] user interface, all native applications, and supported third-party apps. It can be manually turned on or set to automatically switch between light and dark modes based on the time of day.<ref name="ios-13-announce">{{cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/06/03/apple-unveils-ios-13-dark-mode-swipe-keyboard/|title=Apple Unveils iOS 13 Featuring Dark Mode, Swipe Keyboard, Performance Improvements, and More|last=Hardwick|first=Tim|date=June 3, 2019|website=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=August 10, 2019}}</ref>

The volume indicator was redesigned, replacing the larger, centered overlay with a slimmer bar shown vertically near the volume keys in portrait orientation, or at the top in landscape. The bar can also be manipulated directly.<ref>{{Cite web|title=This new trick fixes an annoying iPhone quirk|url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/this-new-ios-13-trick-fixes-an-annoying-iphone-quirk/|last=Cipriani|first=Jason|website=CNET|language=en|access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref>

The card UI elements from [[Apple Music]], [[Apple Podcasts]], and [[Apple Books]] has been implemented system-wide, being an option for third-parties to use in their apps.

=== Siri ===
[[Siri]] uses a software-generated voice called "Neural TTS", intended to sound more natural than previous versions that use clips of human voices. Siri also became more functional and new sound control is available. The Siri Shortcuts app is installed by default. Siri also uses HomePod to learn and recognize voices of different people. It is also possible for Siri to automatically read incoming messages aloud on AirPods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/3/18650906/siri-new-voice-ios-13-iphone-homepod-neutral-text-to-speech-technology-natural-wwdc-2019|title=Siri is getting a new voice in iOS 13|last=Gartenberg|first=Chaim|date=2019-06-03|website=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-13/|title=iOS 13|website=[[Apple Inc.]]|access-date=2019-10-25}}</ref>

=== Keyboard ===
The QuickType virtual keyboard features QuickPath, allowing the user to swipe their finger across the keyboard to complete words and phrases. This functionality was previously exclusively available via third-party keyboard applications such as [[SwiftKey]], [[Adaptxt]], [[Gboard]], or [[Swype]].<ref name="ios-13-announce"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/3432168/how-to-use-the-quickpath-swipe-keyboard.html|title=iOS 13: How to use the QuickPath swipe keyboard|date=2019-08-15|website=Macworld|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref> Emoji stickers have been included on the [[emoji]] keyboard and can be used wherever regular emoji can be.<ref name="Messages and Memoji"/>

=== Text editing ===
iOS 13 and iPadOS 13 add a new system-wide gesture interface for cut, copy, paste, undo, and redo. A three-finger swipe left or up will undo; three fingers right or down will redo. A single three-finger pinch will copy, a second three-finger pinch will cut, and a three-finger spread pastes. A three-finger single tap will bring up a shortcut menu with all five options.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/06/12/gestures-undo-ios-iphone-ipad/ |title=iOS 13: How to use the new gestures for cut, copy, paste, and undo on iPhone and iPad |last=Potuck |first=Michael |work=[[9 to 5 Mac]] |date=June 12, 2019 |access-date=July 17, 2019}}</ref>

The blue text cursor can be moved around text fields by pressing and holding to pick it up and move it. Many new options for text selection have also been added: double-tapping a word will select it, triple-tapping selects a sentence, and quadruple-tapping a paragraph selects it.<ref name="selection">{{cite web |url=https://www.imore.com/how-use-text-editing-gestures-iphone-ios-13 |title=How to use text editing gestures on iPhone in iOS 13 |last=Chan |first=Christine |work=[[iMore]] |date=June 27, 2019 |access-date=July 20, 2019}}</ref>

=== Sign in with Apple ===
{{Main article|Sign in with Apple}}
A new [[single sign-on]] service known as "[[Sign in with Apple]]" is integrated with iOS 13, and allows users to create accounts for third-party services with a minimal amount of personal information. Users may optionally generate a [[disposable email address]] for each account, improving privacy and anonymity, and reducing the amount of information that can be associated with a single email address.<ref name=":0" />

All iOS applications that support third-party [[social login]] are required to implement Sign in with Apple,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/3/18650885/apple-sign-in-sso-tool-data-collection-privacy-ios-13-wwdc-2019|title=Apple announces new sign-in tool to compete with Facebook and Google|last=Brandom|first=Russell|date=2019-06-03|website=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/wwdc-2019-sign-in-with-apple-will-be-mandatory-for-all-apps-using-third-party-login-systems/|title=WWDC 2019: 'Sign in with Apple' will be mandatory for all apps using third-party login systems|last=Cimpanu|first=Catalin|website=[[ZDNet]]|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref> The iOS [[human interface guidelines]] also state that Sign in with Apple should be given prominence above any other login provider in application interfaces.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-apps-idUSKCN1T6056|title=Apple asks developers to place its login button above Google, Facebook|date=2019-06-05|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2019-06-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/06/07/answers-to-your-burning-questions-about-how-sign-in-with-apple-works/|title=Answers to your burning questions about how 'Sign In with Apple' works|last=Perez|first=Sarah|publisher=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=June 13, 2019}}</ref>

=== Performance ===
iOS 13 contains several performance improvements. [[Face ID]] unlocks the [[iPhone X]], [[iPhone XS|XS]] / [[iPhone XS|XS Max]], and [[iPhone XR|XR]] up to 30% faster than on iOS{{nbsp}}12. A new file format makes app downloads as much as 50% smaller, app updates as much as 60% smaller, and app launches up to twice as fast.<ref name="ios-13-announce" />

=== Battery lifespan extender ===
Similar to many laptops,<ref name=laptop80>[https://superuser.com/a/400951 Samsung's ''Battery Life Extender'' software] (2009)</ref> iOS 13 has a feature to limit the battery charging percentage to 80%.<ref name=battery80>{{Cite web|url=https://www.howtogeek.com/423451/how-ios-13-will-protect-your-iphones-battery-by-charging-to-80/|title=How iOS 13 Will Save Your iPhone's Battery (by Not Fully Charging It)|first=Josh|last=Hendrickson|website=How-To Geek|date=September 18, 2019}}</ref>

Keeping the battery percentage more centered instead of complete charges and discharges reduces strain onto the battery. This reduces the battery aging of the [[lithium-ion battery]] and extends its lifespan.

=== Haptics ===
iOS 13 introduced a new Core Haptics framework. Prior to iOS 13, apps could only provide the default haptic patterns. Core Haptics gives developers more fine-grained control over the iPhone's Taptic Engine, including synchronized audio, allowing apps to provide customized haptic and audio feedback.<ref>{{cite web |title=Core Haptics {{!}} Apple Developer Documentation |url=https://developer.apple.com/documentation/corehaptics?language=objc |website=developer.apple.com |access-date=17 October 2019}}</ref> This feature is only available on iPhone 8 or newer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Introducing Core Haptics - WWDC 2019 - Videos |url=https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2019/520/ |website=Apple Developer |access-date=17 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref> It is also not supported on the iPod Touch due to the lack of a haptic motor in those devices.

=== External storage ===
iOS 13 introduced the ability to connect to external USB drives.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/the-complete-guide-to-using-external-storage-on-ios-and-1838973117|title=The Complete Guide to Using External Storage on iOS and iPadOS|author=David Nield|date=October 17, 2019|website=[[Gizmodo]]}}</ref> Although primarily designed for thumb drives and hard drives, a wide variety of USB disk devices will work, thanks to the iOS's support of the SCSI subclass of USB Mass Storage. Native SCSI disk devices will work as well, when used with a SCSI to USB adapter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLi5Gu7K6h8CbMZkRZbUqIygzj4QCj3QzM|title=SCSI devices to iPhone|author=navabar|website=YouTube}}</ref>

=== Exposure Notification API ===
On 20 May 2020, Apple released iOS 13.5, which includes the Exposure Notification API that provides access to the [[Apple / Google privacy-preserving contact tracing system]] that Apple have developed jointly with Google.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple releases iOS 13.5, here are the new features|url=https://9to5mac.com/2020/05/20/ios-13-5-released-features-exposure/|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=2020-05-20|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref> This is provided to support [[digital contact tracing]] which came to light during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zastrow |first1=Mark |title=Coronavirus contact-tracing apps: can they slow the spread of COVID-19? |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2 |journal=Nature |access-date=22 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519190204/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01514-2 |date=19 May 2020 |pmid=32433633 |s2cid=218765305 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== ARKit 3 ===
ARKit 3 was released as a part of iOS 13<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911172015/https:/www.apple.com/ios/ios-13/|title=iOS 13 – Apple|author=Apple Inc.|website=Wayback Machine}}</ref> and brought new features, such as People occlusion,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://orangeloops.com/2019/09/whats-new-in-arkit-3/|title=What's New in ARKit 3?|author=José Rossi|website=Orange Loops}}</ref> which allowed AR objects to be in front or behind people in a more realistic way. New features were restricted to devices with A12 processors and newer – like [[iPhone XS]], [[iPhone XR]], and the 2018 [[iPad Pro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/06/04/arkit-3-device-support/|title=ARKit 3 features restricted to devices powered by Apple's latest A12 processors|author=Chance Miller|website=9to5Mac}}</ref> Other features of ARKit 3 were multiple face tracking<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2019/604/|title=Introducing ARKit 3 - WWDC 2019|author=Apple Inc.|website=Apple}}</ref> and collaborative sessions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://imperiumapps.com/5-arkit-3-features-that-will-change-the-augmented-reality-scene-forever/|title=5 ARKit 3 Features That Will Change The Augmented Reality Scene Forever|author=Krist Duro|website=Imperium Apps}}</ref>

=== ARKit 3.5 ===
Released with the 2020 [[iPad Pro]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=03242020a|title=ARKit 3.5 Now Available|author=Apple Inc.|website=Apple}}</ref> ARKit 3.5 vastly improved positioning in virtual environments due to new anchors and use of data from a LiDAR scanner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saboit.de/blog/lidar-data-in-arkit-3-5|title=LiDAR data in ARKit 3.5|author=Nikita Evstigneev|website=SABO Mobile IT}}</ref> It also improved its motion capture and people occlusion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2020/03/24/apple-releases-arkit-3-5-adding-scene-geometry-api-and-lidar-support/|title=Apple releases ARKit 3.5, adding Scene Geometry API and lidar support|author=Jeremy Horwitz|website=Venture Beat}}</ref>

=== Other changes ===
The version of iOS for [[iPad]] devices was renamed [[iPadOS]], reflecting the precedence for the OS to include additional features intended primarily for use on tablets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashable.com/article/apple-wwdc-2019-ipados/|title=Apple gives iOS for iPad a fancy new name, and some updates|last=Morse|first=Jack|date=June 3, 2019|website=[[Mashable]]|access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref>

iOS{{nbsp}}13 adds official support for the [[Sony]] [[DualShock 4]] and the [[Microsoft]] [[Xbox One controller]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bgr.com/2019/06/04/ios-13-ps4-xbox-one-controller-support/|title=Better late than never: PS4 and Xbox One controller support in iOS 13 is a game-changer|last=Siegal|first=Jacob|website=[[Boy Genius Report|BGR]]|date=June 4, 2019|access-date=June 6, 2019}}</ref> iOS{{nbsp}}13 also adds support for wireless audio sharing for [[AirPods]] and certain [[Beats Electronics|Beats headphones]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/3/18650814/wwdc-2019-apple-airpods-audio-sharing|title=Remember sharing earbuds with a friend? Apple's AirPods audio sharing means less earwax|last=Hollister|first=Sean|date=2019-06-03|website=[[The Verge]]|access-date=2019-06-07}}</ref>

A new multi-select gesture is available in supported applications such as Files and Mail. Multiple items, such as files or emails, can be quickly selected by dragging two fingers over the desired items.<ref name="selection"/>

== App features ==

=== Messages and Memoji ===
User profiles can be created and Memoji can be used as an [[iMessage]] profile picture. All iOS devices with an [[Apple A9|A9]] processor or newer can create custom Memoji. Memoji and Animoji can be used as a sticker in iMessage and other apps; they are also available as regular emoji for use anywhere the emoji keyboard is available. There are a variety of new customization options for Memoji.<ref name="Messages and Memoji">{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/06/03/apple-messages-in-ios-13/|title=Apple Updating Messages in iOS 13 With User Profiles and Memoji Stickers|last=Broussard|first=Mitchel|date=June 3, 2019|website=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref>

=== Maps ===
The [[Apple Maps|Maps]] app features a redesigned maps UI, featuring more detailed maps, and [[Apple Look Around|Look Around]], a street level imagery implementation similar to [[Google Street View]].<ref name="ios-13-announce" />

=== Reminders ===
Redesigned and rebuilt from the ground up with new features such as the ability to suggest when a reminder should be delivered to the user, and the ability to tag contacts so that references to reminders can be surfaced elsewhere, such as in Messages.<ref name="ios-13-announce" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2019/06/03/ios-13-reminders-maps/|title=iOS 13 Gaining Revamped Reminders App and Enhanced Apple Maps|last=Broussard|first=Mitchel|date=June 3, 2019|website=[[MacRumors]]|access-date=June 4, 2019}}</ref>

=== Photos ===
The Photos app includes a redesigned UI and uses machine learning to auto-hide "clutter" images such as screenshots and documents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-ios-13-iphone-camera-photos-apps-new-features-2019-6|title=Apple just announced some major new features coming to the iPhone's Camera and Photos apps — here's everything that's new|last=Villas-Boas|first=Antonio|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref>

Photos has a redesigned interface showing users photos they took in the past year, month, week and day. This brings all photos to one page and shows users photos based on what their device suggests for them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2019/06/03/apple-redesigned-photos-videos-app-ios-13/|title=iOS 13 makes it easier to browse, view and edit photos and videos|website=[[Engadget]]|language=en|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref>

== Problems ==
There were a number of issues following the release of iOS 13, some relating to battery drain, call-dropping, and ringtones not functioning properly, resulting in frequent software updates and patches. Despite the frequency of bug fix releases, the updates have introduced new issues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2019/10/13/apple-ios-13-1-2-phone-calls-dropping-iphone-11-pro-max-update-iphone-xs-max-xr-upgrade/|title=Apple iOS 13.1.2 Upgrade Causes Dropped Calls, Report iPhone Users|first=Gordon|last=Kelly|date=October 13, 2019|website=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/8/20905166/ios-13-1-review-apple-iphone-update-software-app-bug-fixes-patches|title=iOS 13 has gotten better, but there's still a long way to go|first=Chaim|last=Gartenberg|date=October 8, 2019|website=The Verge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techradar.com/news/ios-13-problems-how-to-fix-issues-in-ios-1312|title=iOS 13 problems: how to fix issues in iOS 13.1.2|first=David|last=Lumb|date=October 11, 2019|website=TechRadar}}</ref><ref>{{cite Episode |url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/utils/share/radio1/21637371 |title=iPhone users complaining about iOS 13.1.2 issues |first=Will |last=Goodbody |series=Morning Ireland |series-link=Morning Ireland |date=16 October 2019 |medium=Radio |location=Dublin |station=[[RTÉ Radio 1]]}}</ref>

Other issues included incorrect artwork for user's playlists. Users reported the artwork is repeated for some playlists or uses a different picture.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://discussions.apple.com/thread/250649355|title= Playlist Art on iPhone after IOS 13 |website=[[Apple Communities]]|access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref>

== Supported devices ==
iOS{{nbsp}}13 requires 2 [[Gigabyte|GB]] of [[Random-access memory|RAM]]. It ended support for all iPhones and iPod touches using the [[Apple A7]] and [[Apple A8|A8]] {{sp}}[[System on a chip|SoC]], as they shipped with 1 GB of RAM. Devices unable to support iOS{{nbsp}}13 include the [[iPhone 5S]], [[iPhone 6|iPhone 6 / 6 Plus]], and the [[iPod Touch (6th generation)|sixth-generation iPod Touch]].

To further [[Product differentiation|differentiate]] features between iPhones and iPads, Apple [[Rebranding|rebranded]] the [[Tablet computer|tablet]]-oriented platform with its own operating system, [[iPadOS]].

{{col-begin|width=75%}}
{{col-break}}
===[[iPhone]]===
* [[iPhone 6S]]
* [[iPhone 6S|iPhone 6S Plus]]
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== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-13-preview/ Official website]

{{iOS}}
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The Secret Garden

2020-12-08T16:31:05Z

89.84.127.36:

mmary|talk=Major Changes to Plot Summary|subst:December 2020|date=December 2020}}
{{short description|1911 novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett}}
{{Other uses|Secret Garden (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox book
|name = The Secret Garden
|image = Houghton AC85 B9345 911s - Secret Garden, 1911 - cover.jpg
|caption = Front cover of the US edition
|author = [[Frances Hodgson Burnett]]
|illustrator = M. L. Kirk (US) [[Charles Robinson (illustrator)|Charles Robinson]] (UK)<ref name=isfdb/>
|cover_artist =
|country = UK and US
|genre = [[Children's literature|Children's novel]]
|publisher = [[Frederick A. Stokes]] (US) [[Heinemann (publisher)|William Heinemann]] (UK)<ref name="BLcat">{{Cite web |url=http://primocat.bl.uk/F?func=direct&local_base=ITEMV&doc_number=000541740&con_lng=eng |title=British Library Item details |website=primocat.bl.uk |accessdate=16 December 2018}}</ref>
|pub_date = 1911 (UK<ref name="BLcat"/> & US<ref name=isfdb/>)
|pages = 375 (UK<ref name="BLcat"/> & US<ref name=LCC/>)
|congress = PZ7.B934 Se 1911<ref name=LCC>[https://lccn.loc.gov/11021580 ''The Secret Garden''] (first edition). Library of Congress Online Catalog. LCCN Permalink (lccn.loc.gov). Retrieved 24 March 2017. The catalog record reports 4 leaves of plates, 4 color illustrations (uncredited).</ref>}}

'''''The Secret Garden''''' is a novel by [[Frances Hodgson Burnett]>

==Plot summary==
The Secret Garden is a story based around the life of a 10-year-old girl named Mary Lennox. At the beginning of the story, Mary is introduced to us as a posh, spoilt kid who lives in India with her British parents. Her parents, however, have as little to do with her as possible. Mary has been raised by her servants since she was young. Later, the deadly epidemic of cholera hits India and her parents and most servants die. The remaining servants flee, leaving Mary as an orphan. She is taken in by a family where the kids tease her for being so picky and call her ‘Miss Mary quite contrary’. However, our protagonist did not deserve such a harsh place to live in when she has a rich uncle in England. Mary is thus taken to England to live with her widowed uncle at Misselthwaite Manor.

She is met by Mrs. Medlock, who is Mr. Craven’s (Mary’s uncle) servant. Mary is told that she needn’t expect to meet her uncle ever and that she mustn't visit any of the rooms in the manor except her own. We are now introduced to Martha, who calls herself Mrs. Medlock’s servant, but is to look after Mary. Mary is not used to such surroundings where she has to dress herself, feed herself and mostly look after herself. Martha is strict but is also kind to Mary; She introduces Mary to her 12-year old brother Dickon and presents her with a skipping rope. Mary is a sickly child, and so is suggested to spend time outdoors with Dickon, who is experienced in matters with the moor and her jump-rope. From Dickon, she learns about a garden that has been locked up since the death of Mrs. Craven. Mary pleads her uncle to provide her some land and allow her to bring it to life; her uncle allows her to take any piece of land. With the help of her robin friend, she finds the key to The Secret Garden and starts to work on it with Dickon.

Another sub-plot in the story is that Mary has a Cousin, Colin Craven, who is disabled and so he does not want to leave the house. This explains why Mary was not allowed to visit any other rooms. One day, hearing the sound of Colin crying, Mary goes to check and finds out about the boy. He is very rude to her but likes to have her company as she is honest. During this meeting, Colin asks Mary to open up a window, which reveals a painting of Colin’s mother and Mary recognizes the face to be her Mother’s twin. Colin explains to Mary that his father does not like him because Mrs. Craven died upon his birth. They soon become good friends and Mary feels comfortable to share with Colin the secret of the Garden where his Mother used to spend most of her time, and also where his Mother dies. Colin asks to see the Garden and from then on Mary secretly takes Colin there. When, finally the Garden is cleaned and brought back to life by Mary and Dickon. Colin and Mary love the sweetness of the Garden and both ill children recover from Natures Gift; Mary is no longer pale like she they find that Colin isn’t disabled like his father after all. He merely hadn’t learnt to walk before.

The story ends with Mary and Colin going for a stroll across the moor. When Archibald Craven returns home, he finds that his son is not in his room. This makes him angry and so he orders for the whole manor to be searched. When he finds Mary and Colin, Mary explains what happened and then Colin and his father embrace, making all the servants watch in amazement

==Rejuvenation theme==
The secret garden at Misselthwaite Manor is the site of both the near-destruction and the subsequent regeneration of a family.<ref>M. Gohike (1980), "Re-reading ''The Secret Garden''". ''College English 41'' (8), 894–902.</ref> Another theme is the way a thing that is neglected withers and dies, but when it is worked on and cared for, it thrives, as Mary and Colin do.

==Background==
[[File:Houghton AC85 B9345 911s - Secret Garden, 1911 - frontispiece.jpg|thumb|The [[Book frontispiece|frontispiece]] in the original edition, 1911]]
The book's working title was ''Mistress Mary'', a reference to the English nursery rhyme ''[[Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary]]''. Parts of it were written during Burnett's visits to [[Buile Hill Park]],<ref name=BuileDev>{{Cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:ZN3C2c2j2wgJ:services.salford.gov.uk/solar_documents/CWCR141003U_0.PDF+%22Buile+Hill+estate%22&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgvVoglM4mkD-9dtNJ8smWCrrTe3nLWPmM-QHN-RMuaJqsTXklB02_al6Ew7sb07x_aoMu5djXY-N7bcmKPUJh7H8s3ZdHiPVZkA5sJ64SrD0KnsXxrQU2nYbK9gmDPoo-ft3XX&sig=AHIEtbSibnT1uZoDCTc4WuC4q_RZNfZTWg |title=Buile Hill Park |publisher=[[Salford Borough Council]] |accessdate=16 February 2012}}</ref> [[Great Maytham Hall|Maytham Hall]] in Kent, England, where Burnett lived for the majority of her marriage, is often cited as the inspiration for the book's setting.<ref name="Thwaite Looks Back">A. Thwaite (2006), ''A Biographer Looks Back'', A. S. Carpenter, ed., Toronto: Scarecrow Press.</ref> Burnett kept an extensive garden, including an impressive rose garden. However, it has been noted that apart from the garden, Maytham Hall and Misselthwaite Manor are physically very different.<ref name="Thwaite Looks Back" />

==Publication history==
''The Secret Garden'' was first serialised in ten issues (November 1910 – August 1911) of ''[[The American Magazine]]'', with illustrations by J. Scott Williams.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philsp.com/homeville/fmi/t/t472.htm#A8788 |title=''The American Magazine'', November 1910 |publisher=FictionMags Index |accessdate=2 September 2019}}</ref> It was first published in book form in August 1911 by the [[Frederick A. Stokes]] Company in New York;<ref>{{Cite news |author= |title=New York Literary Notes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1911/07/16/archives/new-york-literary-notes-books-by-de-morgan-robert-hichens-mrs.html?searchResultPosition=3 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=16 July 1911 |accessdate=2 September 2019}}</ref> it was also published that year by [[Heinemann (publisher)|William Heinemann]] in London. Its [[copyright]] expired in the United States in 1987, and in most other parts of the world in 1995, placing the book in the [[public domain]]. As a result, several abridged and unabridged editions were published in the late 1980s and early 1990s, such as a full-colour illustrated edition from [[David R. Godine, Publisher]] in 1989.

[[Inga Moore]]'s abridged edition of 2008, illustrated by her, is arranged so that a line of the text also serves as a caption to a picture.

==Public reception==
Marketing to both adult and juvenile audiences may have had an effect on its early reception; the book was far from so celebrated as Burnett's previous works during her lifetime.<ref name="Lundin Critical and Commercial">Lundin, A. (2006). "The Critical and Commercial Reception of ''The Secret Garden''". ''In the Garden: Essays in Honour of Frances Hodgson Burnett''. Angelica Shirley Carpenter (ed.) Toronto: Scarecrow Press.</ref> Tracing the book's revival from almost complete eclipse at the time of Burnett's death in 1924, Anne H. Lundin noted that the author's obituary notices all remarked on ''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' and passed over ''The Secret Garden'' in silence.<ref>A. Lundin, ''Constructing the Canon of Children's Literature: Beyond Library Walls'', 133 ff.</ref>

With the rise of scholarly work in children's literature in the 25 years leading up to 2006, ''The Secret Garden'' has risen steadily in prominence. It is often noted as one of the best children's books of the 20th century.<ref name="Lundin Critical and Commercial" /> In 2003 it ranked No. 51 in [[The Big Read]], a survey of the British public by the [[BBC]] to identify the "Nation's Best-loved Novel" (not just children's novel).<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100_2.shtml "BBC – The Big Read"]. BBC. April 2003, Retrieved 18 October 2012</ref> Based on a 2007 online poll, the U.S. [[National Education Association]] listed it as one of "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children".<ref name=NEA2007>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nea.org/grants/13154.htm/ |title=Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children |author=National Education Association |year=2007 |accessdate=22 August 2012}}</ref>

In 2012 it was ranked No. 15 among all-time children's novels in a survey published by ''[[School Library Journal]]'', a monthly with a primarily US audience.<ref name=SLJChapter2012>{{Cite web |url= http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/afuse8production/2012/07/07/top-100-chapter-book-poll-results |title= Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results |author= Bird, Elizabeth |publisher=A Fuse #8 Production. Blog. [[School Library Journal]] (blog.schoollibraryjournal.com) |date=7 July 2012 |accessdate=22 August 2012}}</ref> (''A Little Princess'' was ranked number 56 and ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' did not make the Top 100.)<ref name=SLJChapter2012/> [[Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson|Jeffrey Masson]] considers ''The Secret Garden'' "one of the greatest books ever written for children".<ref name="Blasphemy">{{Cite book |last=Masson |first=Jeffrey Moussaieff |authorlink=Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson |title=The Oceanic Feeling: The Origins of Religious Sentiment in Ancient India |publisher=[[D. Reidel]] |location=Dordrecht, Holland |year=1980 |pages= |isbn=90-277-1050-3}}</ref> In an oblique compliment, [[Barbara Sleigh]] has her title character reading ''The Secret Garden'' on the train at the beginning of her children's novel ''[[Jessamy]]''.<ref>Barbara Sleigh: ''Jessamy'' (London: Collins, 1967), p. 7.</ref>

==Adaptations==
===Film===
[[File:Secret Garden lobby card.jpg|thumb|A lobby card for ''[[The Secret Garden (1919 film)|The Secret Garden]]'' (1919), regarded as a lost film]]
The [[The Secret Garden (1919 film)|first filmed version]] was made in 1919 by the [[Famous Players-Lasky Corporation]], with 17-year-old [[Lila Lee]] as Mary and [[Paul Willis (actor)|Paul Willis]] as Dickon, but the film is thought to be lost.

In 1949, [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] filmed [[The Secret Garden (1949 film)|the second adaptation]] with [[Margaret O'Brien]] as Mary, [[Dean Stockwell]] as Colin and [[Brian Roper (actor)|Brian Roper]] as Dickon. This version was mainly black-and-white, with the sequences set in the restored garden filmed in [[Technicolor]]. [[Noel Streatfeild]]'s 1948 novel ''[[The Painted Garden]]'' deals with the making of this film.

In 1987 the third film adaptation of The Secret Garden novel was produced by Rosemont Productions Limited. It starred [[Gennie James]] as Mary, [[Barret Oliver]] as Dickon Sowerby and [[Jadrien Steele]] as Colin Craven. This film was a ''[[Hallmark Hall of Fame]]'' TV film and aired on CBS November, 30 1987.{{fact|date=December 2020}}

[[American Zoetrope]]'s [[The Secret Garden (1993 film)|1993 production]] was directed by [[Agnieszka Holland]], with a screenplay by [[Caroline Thompson]], and starred [[Kate Maberly]] as Mary, [[Heydon Prowse]] as Colin, [[Andrew Knott]] as Dickon, [[John Lynch (actor)|John Lynch]] as Lord Craven and Dame [[Maggie Smith]] as Mrs Medlock. The executive producer was [[Francis Ford Coppola]].{{fact|date=December 2020}}

The [[The Secret Garden (2020 film)|2020 film version]], set in 1947, from [[Heyday Films]] and [[StudioCanal]] is directed by [[Marc Munden]] with a screenplay by [[Jack Thorne]].<ref>{{Cite news |first=Nancy |last=Tartaglione |title=Marc Munden To Helm ''The Secret Garden'' For David Heyman & Studiocanal |url=https://deadline.com/2018/01/marc-munden-to-direct-the-secret-garden-movie-david-heyman-studiocanal-jack-thorne-1202264528/ |date=20 January 2018 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |accessdate=25 March 2018}}</ref>

===Television===
[[Dorothea Brooking]] adapted the book as several different television serials for the BBC: an eight-part serial in 1952, an eight-part serial in 1960 (starring [[Colin Spaull]] as Dickon), and [[The Secret Garden (TV series)|a seven-part serial broadcast in 1975]] (also on DVD).<ref>{{Cite web |author=Traxy |url=http://www.thesqueee.co.uk/the-secret-garden-1975/ |title=''The Secret Garden'' (1975) |publisher=Thesqueee.co.uk |date=16 January 2011 |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref>

''[[Hallmark Hall of Fame]]'' filmed [[The Secret Garden (1987 film)|a TV adaptation of the novel in 1987]], starring Gennie James as Mary, [[Barret Oliver]] as Dickon, and [[Jadrien Steele]] as Colin. [[Billie Whitelaw]] appeared as Mrs Medlock and [[Derek Jacobi]] played the role of Archibald Craven, with [[Alison Doody]] appearing in flashbacks and visions as Lilias; [[Colin Firth]] made a brief appearance as the adult Colin Craven. The story was changed slightly, with Colin's father, instead of being Mary's uncle, being an old friend of Mary's father, allowing Colin and Mary to start a relationship as adults by the film's end. It was filmed at [[Highclere Castle]], which later became known as the filming location for ''[[Downton Abbey]]''. In 2001, Hallmark produced a sequel called ''[[Back to the Secret Garden]]''.

A 1994 animated adaptation as an ''[[ABC Weekend Special]]'' starred [[Honor Blackman]] as Mrs. Medlock, [[Derek Jacobi]] as Archibald Craven, [[Glynis Johns]] as Darjeeling, [[Victor Spinetti]], [[Anndi McAfee]] as Mary Lennox, [[Joe Baker]] as Ben Weatherstaff, Felix Bell as Dickon Sowerby, Naomi Bell as Martha Sowerby, [[Richard Stuart (actor)|Richard Stuart]] as Colin Craven, and [[Frank Welker]] as Robin. This version was released on video in 1995 by ABC Video.<ref>{{IMDb title |tt0111105 |ABC Weekend Specials: The Secret Garden |(TV episode 1994)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=TV Review: Animated 'Garden' Wilts on ABC|author=Lynne Heffley |date=4 November 1994 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://articles.latimes.com/1994-11-04/entertainment/ca-58450_1_secret-garden |accessdate=14 October 2014}}</ref>

In Japan, [[NHK]] produced and broadcast an [[anime]] adaptation of the novel in 1991–1992 titled ''[[Anime Himitsu no Hanazono]]'' (アニメひみつの花園). [[Miina Tominaga]] contributed the voice of Mary, while [[Mayumi Tanaka]] voiced Colin. The 39-episode TV series was directed by Tameo Kohanawa and written by Kaoru Umeno. Based on the title, this anime is sometimes mistakenly assumed to be related to the popular [[dorama]] series ''[[Himitsu no Hanazono]]''. Unavailable in the English language, it has been dubbed into several other languages including Spanish, Italian, Polish and [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]].

===Theatre===
[[File:SecretGarden-1.ogv|thumb|A video trailer from Angel Exit Theatre Company's spring 2012 national tour of their Arts Council-funded production of ''The Secret Garden'', timed to coincide with the centenary of Burnett's novel]]
Stage adaptations of the book have been created. A Theatre for Young Audiences version was written in 1991 by Pamela Sterling of Arizona State University. This won an American Alliance for Theater and Education "Distinguished New Play" award and is listed in ASSITEH/USA's ''International Bibliography of Outstanding Plays for Young Audiences''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dramaticpublishing.com/browse/full-length-plays/the-secret-garden |title=The Secret Garden |website=Dramatic Publishing |accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref> In 1991, a [[The Secret Garden (musical)|musical version]] opened on Broadway, with music by [[Lucy Simon]], and book and lyrics by [[Marsha Norman]]. The production was nominated for seven [[Tony Award]]s, winning Best Book of a Musical and Best Featured Actress in a Musical for [[Daisy Eagan]] as Mary, then eleven years old. Festival Theatre Edinburgh presented a musical adaptation in 2010-2011 on stages in Scotland and Canada.<ref> https://www.mirvish.com/ticket-info/show-archives/the-secret-garden-2011; https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2011/02/13/the_secret_garden_cant_see_the_tender_shoots_for_the_grownup_trees.html </ref> In 2013 an [[The Secret Garden (opera)|opera]] by the American composer [[Nolan Gasser]], which had been commissioned by the [[San Francisco Opera]], was first performed at the [[Zellerbach Hall]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]].

A stage play by [[Jessica Swale]] adapted from the novel was performed at [[Grosvenor Park Open Air Theatre]] in [[Chester]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.grosvenorparkopenairtheatre.co.uk/portfolio/the-secret-garden-5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723034947/http://www.grosvenorparkopenairtheatre.co.uk/portfolio/the-secret-garden-5/ |archivedate=23 July 2015 |url-status=dead |title=The Secret Garden |website=Grosvenor Park Open Air Theatre |accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref> In 2020, the Scottish family theatre company Red Bridge Arts produced a retelling of the story set in modern-day Scotland, adapted by Rosalind Sydney.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/feb/16/the-secret-garden-review-byre-theatre-st-andrews |title=The Secret Garden review – grunts and gags in lush retelling |first=Mark |last=Fisher |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 February 2020 |accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em |refs=
<ref name=isfdb>
{{isfdb title|13434}}. Retrieved 18 March 2017.</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|The Secret Garden|''The Secret Garden''}}
{{commons category|The Secret Garden (novel)}}
{{Gutenberg|no=17396|name=The Secret Garden}} (plain text and HTML illustrated)
*[https://archive.org/details/secretgarden00burn ''The Secret Garden''], available at [[Internet Archive]]. New York: F. A. Stokes, 1911 (colour scanned book)
*{{librivox book |title=The Secret Garden |author=Frances Hodgson Burnett}}
*[http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/juv.21580 ''The Secret Garden''] From the Collections at the [[Library of Congress]]

{{Frances Hodgson Burnett}}
{{The Secret Garden}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Secret Garden, The}}
[[Category:1911 American novels]]
[[Category:1911 British novels]]
[[Category:American children's novels]]
[[Category:American novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:American novels adapted into plays]]
[[Category:British children's novels]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into plays]]
[[Category:Novels by Frances Hodgson Burnett]]
[[Category:Novels first published in serial form]]
[[Category:American novels adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:Works originally published in The American Magazine]]
[[Category:Novels about orphans]]
[[Category:Novels set in Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Heinemann (publisher) books]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:1911 children's books]]
[[Category:ABC Weekend Special]]

List of European countries by life expectancy

2020-09-05T15:37:39Z

89.84.127.36: /* Map */

==Map==

The map and table below cites [[life expectancy]] per country from The World Bank's 2015 statistics.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Life expectancy at birth, total (years)|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN|website=WORLDBANK.org|publisher=The World Bank|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref> Hotter colours indicate lower life expectancy, colder colours indicate high life expectancy.

{{Image label begin|image=Europe polar stereographic Caucasus Urals boundary3.svg|width=700}}


{{Image label small|x=0.615|y=0.665|scale=700|text=[[Albania|78]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.53|y=0.56|scale=700|text=[[Austria|82]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.65|y=0.46|scale=700|text=[[Belarus|74]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.43|y=0.49|scale=700|text=[[Belgium|81]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.57|y=0.61|scale=700|text=[[Bosnia and Herzegovina|76]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.66|y=0.624|scale=700|text=[[Bulgaria|75]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.56|y=0.594|scale=700|text=[[Croatia|77]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.79|y=0.73|scale=700|text=[[Cyprus|80]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.545|y=0.518|scale=700|text=[[Czech Republic|79]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.48|y=0.42|scale=700|text=[[Denmark|81]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.60|y=0.37|scale=700|text=[[Estonia|77]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.63|y=0.30|scale=700|text=[[Finland|81]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.40|y=0.55|scale=700|text=[[France|83]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.495|y=0.496|scale=700|text=[[Germany|81]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.64|y=0.68|scale=700|text=[[Greece|82]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.59|y=0.561|scale=700|text=[[Hungary|76]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.34|y=0.23|scale=700|text=[[Iceland|83]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.34|y=0.43|scale=700|text=[[Ireland|82]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.53|y=0.65|scale=700|text=[[Italy|83]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.90|y=0.42|scale=700|text=[[Kazakhstan|72]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.61|y=0.40|scale=700|text=[[Latvia|74]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.49|y=0.58|scale=700|text=[[Liechtenstein|82]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.61|y=0.44|scale=700|text=[[Lithuania|75]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.45|y=0.51|scale=700|text=[[Luxembourg|82]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.634|y=0.65|scale=700|text=[[Republic of Macedonia|76]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.56|y=0.754|scale=700|text=[[Malta|82]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.70|y=0.56|scale=700|text=[[Moldova|72]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.59|y=0.63|scale=700|text=[[Montenegro|77]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.46|y=0.47|scale=700|text=[[Netherlands|82]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.49|y=0.34|scale=700|text=[[Norway|83]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.58|y=0.48|scale=700|text=[[Poland|78]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.24|y=0.62|scale=700|text=[[Portugal|82]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.655|y=0.575|scale=700|text=[[Romania|75]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.76|y=0.38|scale=700|text=[[Russia|73]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.615|y=0.605|scale=700|text=[[Serbia|75]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.58|y=0.54|scale=700|text=[[Slovakia|77]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.547|y=0.58|scale=700|text=[[Slovenia|81]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.3|y=0.65|scale=700|text=[[Spain|83]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.54|y=0.37|scale=700|text=[[Sweden|83]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.474|y=0.56|scale=700|text=[[Switzerland|83]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.79|y=0.65|scale=700|text=[[Turkey|75]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.72|y=0.52|scale=700|text=[[Ukraine|73]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.37|y=0.45|scale=700|text=[[United Kingdom|82]]}}


{{Image label small|x=0.545|y=0.62|scale=700|text=[[Adriatic Sea|''Adriatic Sea'']]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.525|y=0.03|scale=700|text=''[[Arctic Ocean|Arctic Ocean]]''}}

{{Image label small|x=0.59|y=0.16|scale=700|text=''[[Barents Sea|Barents Sea]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.32|y=0.55|scale=700|text=[[Bay of Biscay|''Bay of Biscay'']]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.76|y=0.60|scale=700|text=[[Black Sea|''Black Sea'']]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.80|y=0.56|scale=700|text=[[Sea of Azov|''Azov Sea'']]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.93|y=0.503|scale=700|text=[[Caspian Sea|''Caspian Sea'']]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.32|y=0.456|scale=700|text=[[Celtic Sea|''Celtic Sea'']]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.24|y=0.19|scale=700|text=''[[Greenland Sea|Greenland Sea]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.12|y=0.07|scale=700|text=''[[Baffin Bay|Baffin Bay]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.217|y=0.68|scale=700|text=[[Gulf of Cadiz|''Gulf of Cadiz'']]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.42|y=0.62|scale=700|text=[[Ligurian Sea|''Ligurian Sea'']]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.42|y=0.7|scale=700|text=''[[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.18|y=0.33|scale=700|text=[[North Atlantic Ocean|''North Atlantic Ocean'']]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.445|y=0.41|scale=700|text=[[North Sea|''North Sea'']]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.43|y=0.27|scale=700|text=[[Norwegian Sea|''Norwegian Sea'']]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.275|y=0.706|scale=700|text=''[[Strait of Gibraltar|Strait of Gibraltar]]''}}

{{Image label end}}

==Life expectancy by Country (2019)==

[[File:Life expectancy in Europe.png|thumb|Life expectancy in years in European countries, 2016|400px]]

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
!Rank
! Country !! [[List of countries by life expectancy|Life expectancy]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|1
|{{MCO}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/librarY/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html|title=Europe :: Monaco — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=2019-03-29}}</ref>
|89.4
|-
|2
|{{SMR}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/librarY/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sm.html|title=Europe :: San Marino — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=2019-03-29}}</ref>
|83.4
|-
|3
|{{CHE}}|| 83.0
|-
|4
|{{ESP}}|| 82.8
|-
|5
|{{LIE}}|| 82.7
|-
|6
|{{ITA}}|| 82.7
|-
|7
|{{NOR}}|| 82.5
|-
|8
|{{ISL}}|| 82.5
|-
|9
|{{LUX}}|| 82.3
|-
|10
|{{FRA}}|| 82.3
|-
|11
|{{SWE}}|| 82.2
|-
|12
|{{MLT}}|| 81.8
|-
|13
|{{FIN}}|| 81.8
|-
|14
|{{IRL}}|| 81.6
|-
|15
|{{NLD}}|| 81.5
|-
|16
|{{PRT}}|| 81.1
|-
|17
|{{GRC}}|| 81.0
|-
|18
|{{GBR}}|| 81.0
|-
|19
|{{BEL}}|| 81.0
|-
|20
|{{AUT}}|| 80.9
|-
|21
|{{SVN}}|| 80.8
|-
|22
|{{DNK}}|| 80.7
|-
|23
|{{DEU}}|| 80.6
|-
|24
|{{CYP}}|| 80.5
|-
|25
|{{ALB}}|| 78.3
|-
|26
|{{CZE}}|| 78.3
|-
|27
|{{HRV}}|| 78.0
|-
|28
|{{EST}}|| 77.7
|-
|29
|{{POL}}|| 77.5
|-
|30
|{{MNE}}|| 77.1
|-
|31
|{{BIH}}|| 76.9
|-
|32
|{{SVK}}|| 76.6
|-
|33
|{{TUR}}|| 75.8
|-
|34
|{{MKD}}|| 75.7
|-
|35
|{{HUN}}|| 75.6
|-
|36
|{{SRB}}|| 75.2
|-
|37
|{{ROM}}|| 75.0
|-
|38
|{{BGR}}|| 74.6
|-
|39
|{{LVA}}|| 74.5
|-
|40
|{{LTU}}|| 74.3
|-
|41
|{{BLR}}|| 73.8
|-
|42
|{{KAZ}}|| 72.3
|-
|43
|{{MDA}}|| 71.6
|-
|44
|{{RUS}}|| 71.6
|-
|45
|{{UKR}}|| 71.5
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[List of European regions by life expectancy]]

===Plotted maps===
*[[European countries by electricity consumption per person]]
*[[European countries by employment in agriculture (% of employed)]]
*[[European countries by fossil fuel use (% of total energy)]]
*[[European countries by health expense per person]]
*[[European countries by military expenditure as a percentage of government expenditure]]
*[[European countries by percent of population aged 0-14]]
*[[European countries by percentage of urban population]]
*[[European countries by percentage of women in national parliaments]]
*[[List of European countries by number of Internet users]]
*[[International organisations in Europe]]
*[[List of European countries by budget revenues]]
*[[List of European countries by budget revenues per capita]]
*[[List of European countries by GDP (nominal) per capita]]
*[[List of European countries by GDP (PPP) per capita]]
*[[List of European countries by GNI (nominal) per capita]]
*[[List of European countries by GNI (PPP) per capita]]
*[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita]]
*[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita]]
*[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)]]
*[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)]]

==References==
<references />

{{Quality of life country lists}}
{{Europe topics (small)}}

[[Category:Lists of countries in Europe|life expectancy]]
[[Category:Life expectancy]]

COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

2020-08-27T14:34:23Z

89.84.127.36:

{{Expand Norwegian|Norge under koronaviruspandemien i 2020|date=May 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{short description|Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Norway}}
{{Infobox pandemic
| name = COVID-19 pandemic in Norway
| map1 = COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Norway by municipalities.png
| legend1 = {{center|{{small|Map of municipalities with confirmed coronavirus cases (red) and deaths (black) as of 2 July}}}}
| map2 =
| legend2 =
| disease = [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]]
| virus_strain = [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]]
| location = [[Norway]]
| first_case = [[Tromsø]]
| arrival_date = 26 February 2020 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=02|day1=26|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}} ago)
| early imports = [[Austria]] and [[Italy]]<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| recovery_cases = 9,150<ref name="WOMC">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en|publication-date=}}.</ref>
| deaths = 264<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| active_cases = 1,110
| confirmed_cases = 10,524<ref name="vg-counter">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vg.no/spesial/2020/corona-viruset/|title=Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og verden|first1=Av Sondre|last1=Nilsen|first2=Oda Leraan|last2=Skjetne|first3=Yasmin|last3=Sfrintzeris|first4=Hanna Haug|last4=Røset|first5=Carina|last5=Hunshamar|first6=Sofie|last6=Fraser|first7=Ole|last7=Løkkevik|first8=og VGs|last8=breaking-avdeling|website=VG Nett}}</ref>
| hospitalized_cases = 18<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| critical_cases = 0<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| ventilator_cases = 1<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| website = https://www.fhi.no/en/id/infectious-diseases/coronavirus/
}}

The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Norway''' is part of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of [[coronavirus disease 2019]] ({{nowrap|COVID-19}}) caused by [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). On 26 February 2020, the virus was confirmed to have spread to [[Norway]]. The number of cases increased rapidly during the month of March, thereby necessitating a number of safety measures aiming to achieve [[Social distancing|physical distancing]] to be introduced on 12 March. The first death attributed to COVID-19 was documented on the same day. Most confirmed cases that were traced to outside Norway were Norwegian tourists returning from [[COVID-19 pandemic in Austria|Austria]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftenposten.no/article/ap-9vdVnM.html|title=5. mars begynte varslene om koronasmittede skiturister å renne inn. Det tok ti dager før Østerrike stengte skiheisene.|first=Tor Arne|last=Andreassen |website=Aftenposten}}</ref> and [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|Italy]].<ref name="vg-counter"/>

{{As of|2020|07|26|post=,}} Norway has performed 420,528 tests and reported 9,111 confirmed cases and 255 deaths.<ref name="vg-counter"/>
A senior [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] consultant said one of the major reasons why the mortality rate was significantly lower than in other [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|European countries]] (such as [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|Italy]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Spain]], the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|UK]]) was the [[COVID-19 testing|high number of tests]] performed in Norway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Amundsen |first1=Bård |title=Very low mortality rate from coronavirus in Norway compared to other countries |url=https://sciencenorway.no/crisis-epidemic-mortality/very-low-mortality-rate-from-coronavirus-in-norway-compared-to-other-countries/1661751 |accessdate=28 March 2020 |publisher=sciencenorway |date=26 March 2020}}</ref>

== Background ==
On 12 January 2020, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) confirmed that a [[novel coronavirus]] was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.<ref name="Elsevier">{{cite web|url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center|last=Elsevier|date=|website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Reynolds4March2020">{{Cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Matt|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|title=What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?|date=4 March 2020|work=Wired UK|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|archive-date=5 March 2020|issn=1357-0978}}</ref>

Unlike [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS of 2003]], the [[Case fatality rate|case fatality ratio]] for COVID-19<ref name="Imperial13March2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus|website=Imperial News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England|last=|first=|date=|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> has been much lower, but the [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission]] has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.<ref name="WFSA">{{cite web|url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus |last=|first=|date= |website=wfsahq.org |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Imperial13March2020" />

==Timeline==
[[File:Rplot19-1.png|alt=|left|thumb|356x356px|Semi-log plot of [[COVID-19]] total cases, new cases and total deaths per-day in Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/sv/smittsomme-sykdommer/corona/dags--og-ukerapporter/dags--og-ukerapporter-om-koronavirus/|title=Dags- og ukerapporter om covid-19|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>]]

===February 2020===
On 26 February, [[Norway]] confirmed the first case of [[COVID-19]]. The [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] announced that someone tested positive for [[SARS-CoV-2]] after returning from China the previous week. The female patient was asymptomatic and in good health. She underwent a voluntary isolation at her home in Tromsø.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Updated: Norway announces first case of coronavirus|last=Staff|date=26 February 2020|url=https://www.thelocal.no/20200226/breaking-norway-announces-first-case-of-coronavirus|website=thelocal.no|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/en/news/2020/one-person-has-tested-positive-for-coronavirus/|title=One person has tested positive for coronavirus|website=Norwegian Institute of Public Health|language=en|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

On 27 February, the Norway Institute of Public Health announced that three more people were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Two of them lived in [[Oslo]] and were linked to the outbreak in Italy. The other lived in [[Bærum]] and was linked to the outbreak in Iran. All of them underwent a voluntary isolation at home.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/tre-nye-personer-har-testet-positivt-pa-koronavirus/|title=Tre nye personer har testet positivt på koronavirus|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

On 28 February, an individual from [[Bergen]] and an employee of [[Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål]], tested positive and were placed in home isolation. Both had visited Northern Italy.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/vestland/over-hundre-kan-ha-hatt-kontakt-med-koronasmittet-ulleval-ansatt-1.14922358|title=Over hundre kan ha hatt kontakt med koronasmittet Ullevål-ansatt|last=Olsson|first=Svein Vestrum|date=28 February 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/ytterligere-to-personer-har-testet-positivt-pa-koronavirus/|title=Ytterligere to personer har testet positivt på koronavirus|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> 6 cases were confirmed in the country on the day.<ref name=":24" /> On 29 February, there were 15 confirmed cases in Norway.<ref name=":24" />

===March 2020===
By 1 March, a total of 19 cases were confirmed. Bjørn Atle Bjørnbeth, the Chief of the Ullevål hospital in Oslo, informed that there are potentially over 100 people who came in contact with an infected staff member.<ref>{{cite web |title=Updated figures on the number of infected with coronavirus in Norway |url=https://www.fhi.no/en/news/2020/updated-figures-on-the-number-of-infected-with-coronavirus-in-norway/ |website=Norwegian Institute of Public Health |accessdate=1 March 2020 |language=en |date=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunshamar|first1=Carina|last2=Sfrintzeris|first2=Yasmin|last3=Eggum Myrvang|first3=Synne|date=29 February 2020|title=Totalt 15 corona-smittede i Norge|trans-title=A total of 15 corona-infected in Norway|url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/Admaoq/totalt-15-corona-smittede-i-norge|language=Norwegian|work=[[Verdens Gang]]|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>

On 3 March, there were 25 confirmed cases in Norway, with 5 from Vestland. An employee at the kjøpesenteret Horisont in Åsane is confirmed to have been infected by the virus, says center manager Lise Færøvik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.no/article/bt-3Jd0RL.html|title=Koronautbruddet direkte|website=bt.no|language=nb|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> Until this time, most cases are imported from Italy, and none of the cases are seriously ill thus all self-quarantined at home. A worst case is evaluated with a quarter of the Norwegian population infected, and measures are being taken by the governments to handle 1 million people.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

On 4 March, there were 56 confirmed cases in Norway, all of which are linked to known outbreaks abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/antall-smittede-med-koronavirus-i-norge/|title=Antall smittede med koronavirus i Norge|last=|first=|date=|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> So far only some few of those have been infected in Norway (notably 5 cases in one department of the Ullevål hospital, infected by a colleague who had been to Italy).{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

By 10 March, the number of confirmed cases in Norway had spiked to 400, and a rising number of those cases could not be traced to foreign travel or any known person infected, indicating community transmission had started in Norway.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vg.no/spesial/2020/corona-viruset|title=Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og Verden |work=vg.no |language=nb-NO |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

On 12 March, a national lockdown was announced, effective from 18:00 the same day. For two weeks, schools, kindergartens, fitness centres, hair salons etc. were closed. Sports and cultural events and gatherings were banned and restrictions applied to restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/alle-utdanningsinstitusjoner-stenges-_-flere-arrangementer-og-virksomheter-far-forbud-1.14940952|title=Alle utdanningsinstitusjoner stenges – flere arrangementer og virksomheter får forbud|last=Kalajdzic|first=Pedja|date=12 March 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> These measures were in line with the those introduced in other European countries such as Denmark and Italy. The same day Norway had its first death due to the COVID-19 virus. The victim was an elderly person who died at [[Oslo University Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/forste-koronadodsfall-i-norge-1.14941788|title=Første koronadødsfall i Norge|last=Olsson|first=Svein Vestrum|date=12 March 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>

As of 13 March, Norway introduced a ban on visits to Norway through Oslo airport. Norwegian and Nordic citizens, foreign residents in Norway and people continuing to another country are allowed anyway. Other people are dismissed and sent home as soon as possible and put in quarantine until then.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ullensaker.kommune.no/aktuelt/nye-restriksjoner-for-reisende-pa-oslo-lufthavn/ |title=Nye restriksjoner for reisende på Oslo lufthavn |author= |date=16 March 2020 |website= |publisher=Ullensaker kommune |access-date=16 March 2020 |quote= |language=Norwegian |trans-title=New restrictions for travelers at Oslo Airport}}</ref>
On 16 March this was extended to all borders of Norway and Nordic non-Norwegian citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://avinor.no/en/information-in-connection-with-the-coronavirus-covid-19/ |title=Information in Connection with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) |author= |date=16 March 2020 |website= |publisher=Avinor |access-date=16 March 2020 |quote= From Monday, March 16 at 8:00 a.m. the Government will be closing the border to foreign nationals who lack a residence permit in Norway. }}</ref> Domestic travel continues without any restriction. On 14 March, the second and third deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/oslo-universitetssykehus-bekrefter-nytt-koronadodsfall-1.14944649 |title=Død på sykehjem etter korona-smitte - ytterligere to smittet |language=Norwegian |work=nrk.no |date=14 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

===April 2020===
On 6 April, the Norwegian Health Minister announced that the outbreak was "under control" and that the [[reproduction rate]] of Sars-CoV-2 had dwindled to 0.7 in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 outbreak under control in Norway, health minister says |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/europe/covid-19-outbreak-under-control-in-norway-health-minister-says |accessdate=6 April 2020 |work=Daily Sabah |agency=AFP |date=6 April 2020}}</ref>

===2 August 2020===
An outbreak of coronavirus on the [[MS Roald Amundsen]] ship infected at least 5 passengers and 36 crew. Health authorities fear the ship could have infected dozens of towns and villages along Norway's western coast. There were 209 guests on the first voyage and 178 guests on the second voyage. All 158 crew members on MS Roald Amundsen have been tested and 122 were negative. The [[Tromsø Municipality|municipality of Tromsoe]] is urging anyone who traveled on the ship or had any contact with the ship to get in touch with health authorities. A total of 69 municipalities in Norway have been affected, [[Norwegian News Agency|Norwegian news agency NTB]] reported. A German cruise ship last week set sail from Hamburg, testing procedures for how cruise ships can operate safely during the pandemic. The ship sailed with less than 50% capacity and only went on a four-day trip at sea with no stops at other ports. <ref>https://www.foxnews.com/travel/coronavirus-infects-people-hurtigruten-cruise-ship</ref> <ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-outbreak-norway-cruise-ship/</ref>

[[File:Ladekaia during covid19.jpg|thumb|Some restaurants (like Ladekaia in Trondheim) are open in April 2020, but the number of patrons allowed inside is limited and every other table is closed to enforce minimum distance between customers.]]

==Prevention measures and response==
The Norwegian Directorate of Health introduced a number of measures from Thursday 12 March 2020:<ref name="Sammendrag: Koronavirus">{{cite web |title=Sammendrag: Koronavirus / Summary: Corona virus |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/koronaviruset-1.14874108 |website=NRK.no |publisher=Norsk rikskringkasting / Norwegian national broadcasting |accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref>

*All educational institutions were closed and organized sports activities were to be discontinued.
*A number of events and businesses were closed, including cultural events, sports events, gyms and swimming pools. All establishments in the hospitality industry such as bars, pubs and clubs other than those serving food were to close, and any establishment serving food would have to ensure that visitors could stay at least 1 meter apart.
*Healthcare professionals working with patient care were prohibited from traveling abroad until 20 April 2020. The ban applied to both business travel and private travel.
*Everyone who had returned from trips outside Sweden and Finland since 27 February were to quarantine, regardless of whether they showed symptoms or not.
*Leisure travel was strongly discouraged. The Directorate discouraged travelling to work unless strictly necessary and encouraged avoiding public transport if possible, as well as avoiding crowded places.
*People were requested not to visit others in institutions with vulnerable groups (the elderly, psychiatry, prison etc.) and generally encouraged to limiting close contact with others.
*The public transport schedule was to run as normal, to ensure that people with critical social functions could get to and from work and be able to distance themselves from each other.

On 16 March, non-residents were banned from entering Norway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikel |first1=David |title=Norway Closes All Airports To Foreigners As Coronavirus Cases Mount |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2020/03/14/norway-closes-all-airports-to-foreigners-as-coronavirus-cases-mount/#7788c2f31913 |accessdate=21 March 2020 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

As of 19 March, residents were prohibited from staying in cabins outside their home municipalities, in order to avoid putting strain on rural medical infrastructure. People suspected or confirmed to be infected must follow stricter home isolation rules. The government established fines for people violating home quarantine and home isolation rules or organizing events.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikel |first1=David |title=Norway Hands Out $2,000 Fines Or Jail For Ignoring Coronavirus Quarantine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2020/03/17/norway-hands-out-2000-fines-or-jail-for-ignoring-coronavirus-quarantine/ |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

===Economic policy===
Many institutions were closed in order to fight the outbreak, which led to increased unemployment. [[Norges Bank]] first cut the national [[prime rate]] by a half point to 1.0% on 13 March, and the following week cut the prime rate again down to 0.25%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Norway's central bank cuts rates again to curb virus hit |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/20/norway-central-bank-cuts-key-rate-to-0point25percent-from-1percent-in-emergency-move.html |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=CNBC |date=20 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Media coverage==
{{Empty section|date=June 2020}}

==Statistics==
[[File:ERplot19.png|alt=|thumb|462x462px|Growth trajectory of cases in Norway. [[Exponential growth]] (black line, doubling every day), cases data from FHI (blue points), fitted line for case data (red line).]]
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases}}

{{Graph:Chart
|width=800
|colors=#F46D43
|showValues=
|xAxisTitle=Date
|xAxisAngle=-40
|type=rect
|x=26 Feb, 27 Feb, 28 Feb, 29 Feb, 1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar, 11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar, 19 Mar, 20 Mar, 21 Mar, 22 Mar, 23 Mar, 24 Mar, 25 Mar, 26 Mar, 27 Mar, 28 Mar, 29 Mar, 30 Mar, 31 Mar, 1 Apr, 2 Apr, 3 Apr, 4 Apr, 5 Apr, 6 Apr, 7 Apr, 8 Apr, 9 Apr , 10 Apr, 11 Apr, 12 Apr, 13 Apr, 14 Apr, 15 Apr, 16 Apr, 17 Apr, 18 Apr, 19 Apr, 20 Apr, 21 Apr, 22 Apr, 23 Apr, 24 Apr, 25 Apr, 26 Apr, 27 Apr, 28 Apr, 29 Apr, 30 Apr, 1 May, 2 May, 3 May, 4 May, 5 May, 6 May, 7 May, 8 May, 9 May, 10 May, 11 May, 12 May, 13 May, 14 May, 15 May, 16 May, 17 May, 18 May, 19 May, 20 May, 21 May, 22 May, 23 May, 24 May, 25 May,
yAxisTitle=No. of new cases
|legend=Legend
|y1= 1, 3, 2, 8, 4, 6, 8, 21, 30, 27, 34, 22, 23, 85, 212, 132, 131, 156, 166, 92, 139, 115, 129, 190, 184, 206, 240, 196, 264, 240, 425, 264, 257, 124, 221, 207, 282, 272, 301, 130, 115, 108, 147, 150, 84, 76, 95, 73, 78, 111, 114, 100, 93, 84, 45, 53, 84, 95, 63, 59, 38, 28, 72, 62, 43, 73, 26, 38, 58, 50, 41, 38, 36, 29, 3, 4, 46, 23, 21, 23, 18, 12, 8, 10, 14, 20, 30, 15, 0, 6,
|y1Title=New cases per day,
|yGrid= |xGrid=
}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases chart}}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{Portal bar|COVID-19|Norway|Medicine|Viruses}}

[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Norway| ]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Norway]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|Norway]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in Norway]]
[[Category:2020 in Norway]]

COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

2020-08-14T22:29:20Z

89.84.127.36:

{{Expand Norwegian|Norge under koronavirusutbruddet i 2020|date=May 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{short description|Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Norway}}
{{Infobox pandemic
| name = COVID-19 pandemic in Norway
| map1 = COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Norway by municipalities.png
| legend1 = {{center|{{small|Map of municipalities with confirmed coronavirus cases (red) and deaths (black) as of 2 July}}}}
| map2 =
| legend2 =
| disease = [[COVID-19]]
| virus_strain = [[SARS-CoV-2]]
| location = [[Norway]]
| first_case = [[Tromsø]]
| arrival_date = 26 February 2020 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=02|day1=26|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}} ago)
| early imports = [[Austria]] and [[Italy]]<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| recovery_cases = 8,857<ref name="WOMC">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en|publication-date=}}.</ref>
| deaths = 261<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| active_cases = 790
| confirmed_cases = 9,908<ref name="vg-counter">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vg.no/spesial/2020/corona-viruset/|title=Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og verden|first1=Av Sondre|last1=Nilsen|first2=Oda Leraan|last2=Skjetne|first3=Yasmin|last3=Sfrintzeris|first4=Hanna Haug|last4=Røset|first5=Carina|last5=Hunshamar|first6=Sofie|last6=Fraser|first7=Ole|last7=Løkkevik|first8=og VGs|last8=breaking-avdeling|website=VG Nett}}</ref>
| hospitalized_cases = 8<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| critical_cases = 2<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| ventilator_cases = 1<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| website = https://www.fhi.no/en/id/infectious-diseases/coronavirus/
}}

The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Norway''' is part of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of [[coronavirus disease 2019]] ({{nowrap|COVID-19}}) caused by [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). On 26 February 2020, the virus was confirmed to have spread to [[Norway]]. The number of cases increased rapidly during the month of March, thereby necessitating a number of safety measures aiming to achieve [[physical distancing]] to be introduced on 12 March. The first death attributed to COVID-19 was documented on the same day. Most confirmed cases that were traced to outside Norway were Norwegian tourists returning from [[COVID-19 pandemic in Austria|Austria]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftenposten.no/article/ap-9vdVnM.html|title=5. mars begynte varslene om koronasmittede skiturister å renne inn. Det tok ti dager før Østerrike stengte skiheisene.|first=Tor Arne|last=Andreassen |website=Aftenposten}}</ref> and [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|Italy]].<ref name="vg-counter"/>

{{As of|2020|07|26|post=,}} Norway has performed 420,528 tests and reported 9,111 confirmed cases and 255 deaths.<ref name="vg-counter"/>
A senior [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] consultant said one of the major reasons why the mortality rate was significantly lower than in other [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|European countries]] (such as [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|Italy]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Spain]], the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|UK]]) was the [[COVID-19 testing|high number of tests]] performed in Norway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Amundsen |first1=Bård |title=Very low mortality rate from coronavirus in Norway compared to other countries |url=https://sciencenorway.no/crisis-epidemic-mortality/very-low-mortality-rate-from-coronavirus-in-norway-compared-to-other-countries/1661751 |accessdate=28 March 2020 |publisher=sciencenorway |date=26 March 2020}}</ref>

== Background ==
On 12 January 2020, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) confirmed that a [[novel coronavirus]] was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.<ref name="Elsevier">{{cite web|url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center|last=Elsevier|date=|website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Reynolds4March2020">{{Cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Matt|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|title=What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?|date=4 March 2020|work=Wired UK|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|archive-date=5 March 2020|issn=1357-0978}}</ref>

Unlike [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS of 2003]], the [[Case fatality rate|case fatality ratio]] for COVID-19<ref name="Imperial13March2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus|website=Imperial News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England|last=|first=|date=|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> has been much lower, but the [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission]] has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.<ref name="WFSA">{{cite web|url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus |last=|first=|date= |website=wfsahq.org |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Imperial13March2020" />

==Timeline==
[[File:Rplot19-1.png|alt=|left|thumb|356x356px|Semi-log plot of [[COVID-19]] total cases, new cases and total deaths per-day in Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/sv/smittsomme-sykdommer/corona/dags--og-ukerapporter/dags--og-ukerapporter-om-koronavirus/|title=Dags- og ukerapporter om covid-19|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>]]

===February 2020===
On 26 February, [[Norway]] confirmed the first case of [[COVID-19]]. The [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] announced that someone tested positive for [[SARS-CoV-2]] after returning from China the previous week. The female patient was asymptomatic and in good health. She underwent a voluntary isolation at her home in Tromsø.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Updated: Norway announces first case of coronavirus|last=Staff|date=26 February 2020|url=https://www.thelocal.no/20200226/breaking-norway-announces-first-case-of-coronavirus|website=thelocal.no|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/en/news/2020/one-person-has-tested-positive-for-coronavirus/|title=One person has tested positive for coronavirus|website=Norwegian Institute of Public Health|language=en|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

On 27 February, the Norway Institute of Public Health announced that three more people were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Two of them lived in [[Oslo]] and were linked to the outbreak in Italy. The other lived in [[Bærum]] and was linked to the outbreak in Iran. All of them underwent a voluntary isolation at home.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/tre-nye-personer-har-testet-positivt-pa-koronavirus/|title=Tre nye personer har testet positivt på koronavirus|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

On 28 February, an individual from [[Bergen]] and an employee of [[Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål]], tested positive and were placed in home isolation. Both had visited Northern Italy.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/vestland/over-hundre-kan-ha-hatt-kontakt-med-koronasmittet-ulleval-ansatt-1.14922358|title=Over hundre kan ha hatt kontakt med koronasmittet Ullevål-ansatt|last=Olsson|first=Svein Vestrum|date=28 February 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/ytterligere-to-personer-har-testet-positivt-pa-koronavirus/|title=Ytterligere to personer har testet positivt på koronavirus|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> 6 cases were confirmed in the country on the day.<ref name=":24" /> On 29 February, there were 15 confirmed cases in Norway.<ref name=":24" />

===March 2020===
By 1 March, a total of 19 cases were confirmed. Bjørn Atle Bjørnbeth, the Chief of the Ullevål hospital in Oslo, informed that there are potentially over 100 people who came in contact with an infected staff member.<ref>{{cite web |title=Updated figures on the number of infected with coronavirus in Norway |url=https://www.fhi.no/en/news/2020/updated-figures-on-the-number-of-infected-with-coronavirus-in-norway/ |website=Norwegian Institute of Public Health |accessdate=1 March 2020 |language=en |date=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunshamar|first1=Carina|last2=Sfrintzeris|first2=Yasmin|last3=Eggum Myrvang|first3=Synne|date=29 February 2020|title=Totalt 15 corona-smittede i Norge|trans-title=A total of 15 corona-infected in Norway|url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/Admaoq/totalt-15-corona-smittede-i-norge|language=Norwegian|work=[[Verdens Gang]]|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>

On 3 March, there were 25 confirmed cases in Norway, with 5 from Vestland. An employee at the kjøpesenteret Horisont in Åsane is confirmed to have been infected by the virus, says center manager Lise Færøvik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.no/article/bt-3Jd0RL.html|title=Koronautbruddet direkte|website=bt.no|language=nb|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> Until this time, most cases are imported from Italy, and none of the cases are seriously ill thus all self-quarantined at home. A worst case is evaluated with a quarter of the Norwegian population infected, and measures are being taken by the governments to handle 1 million people.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

On 4 March, there were 56 confirmed cases in Norway, all of which are linked to known outbreaks abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/antall-smittede-med-koronavirus-i-norge/|title=Antall smittede med koronavirus i Norge|last=|first=|date=|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> So far only some few of those have been infected in Norway (notably 5 cases in one department of the Ullevål hospital, infected by a colleague who had been to Italy).{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

By 10 March, the number of confirmed cases in Norway had spiked to 400, and a rising number of those cases could not be traced to foreign travel or any known person infected, indicating community transmission had started in Norway.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vg.no/spesial/2020/corona-viruset|title=Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og Verden |work=vg.no |language=nb-NO |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

On 12 March, a national lockdown was announced, effective from 18:00 the same day. For two weeks, schools, kindergartens, fitness centres, hair salons etc. were closed. Sports and cultural events and gatherings were banned and restrictions applied to restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/alle-utdanningsinstitusjoner-stenges-_-flere-arrangementer-og-virksomheter-far-forbud-1.14940952|title=Alle utdanningsinstitusjoner stenges – flere arrangementer og virksomheter får forbud|last=Kalajdzic|first=Pedja|date=12 March 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> These measures were in line with the those introduced in other European countries such as Denmark and Italy. The same day Norway had its first death due to the COVID-19 virus. The victim was an elderly person who died at [[Oslo University Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/forste-koronadodsfall-i-norge-1.14941788|title=Første koronadødsfall i Norge|last=Olsson|first=Svein Vestrum|date=12 March 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>

As of 13 March, Norway introduced a ban on visits to Norway through Oslo airport. Norwegian and Nordic citizens, foreign residents in Norway and people continuing to another country are allowed anyway. Other people are dismissed and sent home as soon as possible and put in quarantine until then.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ullensaker.kommune.no/aktuelt/nye-restriksjoner-for-reisende-pa-oslo-lufthavn/ |title=Nye restriksjoner for reisende på Oslo lufthavn |author= |date=16 March 2020 |website= |publisher=Ullensaker kommune |access-date=16 March 2020 |quote= |language=Norwegian |trans-title=New restrictions for travelers at Oslo Airport}}</ref>
On 16 March this was extended to all borders of Norway and Nordic non-Norwegian citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://avinor.no/en/information-in-connection-with-the-coronavirus-covid-19/ |title=Information in Connection with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) |author= |date=16 March 2020 |website= |publisher=Avinor |access-date=16 March 2020 |quote= From Monday, March 16 at 8:00 a.m. the Government will be closing the border to foreign nationals who lack a residence permit in Norway. }}</ref> Domestic travel continues without any restriction. On 14 March, the second and third deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/oslo-universitetssykehus-bekrefter-nytt-koronadodsfall-1.14944649 |title=Død på sykehjem etter korona-smitte - ytterligere to smittet |language=Norwegian |work=nrk.no |date=14 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

===April 2020===
On 6 April, the Norwegian Health Minister announced that the outbreak was "under control" and that the [[reproduction rate]] of Sars-CoV-2 had dwindled to 0.7 in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 outbreak under control in Norway, health minister says |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/europe/covid-19-outbreak-under-control-in-norway-health-minister-says |accessdate=6 April 2020 |work=Daily Sabah |agency=AFP |date=6 April 2020}}</ref>

===2 August 2020===
An outbreak of coronavirus on the [[MS Roald Amundsen]] ship infected at least 5 passengers and 36 crew. Health authorities fear the ship could have infected dozens of towns and villages along Norway's western coast. There were 209 guests on the first voyage and 178 guests on the second voyage. All 158 crew members on MS Roald Amundsen have been tested and 122 were negative. The [[Tromsø Municipality|municipality of Tromsoe]] is urging anyone who traveled on the ship or had any contact with the ship to get in touch with health authorities. A total of 69 municipalities in Norway have been affected, [[Norwegian News Agency|Norwegian news agency NTB]] reported. A German cruise ship last week set sail from Hamburg, testing procedures for how cruise ships can operate safely during the pandemic. The ship sailed with less than 50% capacity and only went on a four-day trip at sea with no stops at other ports. <ref>https://www.foxnews.com/travel/coronavirus-infects-people-hurtigruten-cruise-ship</ref> <ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-outbreak-norway-cruise-ship/</ref>

[[File:Ladekaia during covid19.jpg|thumb|Some restaurants (like Ladekaia in Trondheim) are open in April 2020, but the number of patrons allowed inside is limited and every other table is closed to enforce minimum distance between customers.]]

==Prevention measures and response==
The Norwegian Directorate of Health introduced a number of measures from Thursday 12 March 2020:<ref name="Sammendrag: Koronavirus">{{cite web |title=Sammendrag: Koronavirus / Summary: Corona virus |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/koronaviruset-1.14874108 |website=NRK.no |publisher=Norsk rikskringkasting / Norwegian national broadcasting |accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref>

*All educational institutions were closed and organized sports activities were to be discontinued.
*A number of events and businesses were closed, including cultural events, sports events, gyms and swimming pools. All establishments in the hospitality industry such as bars, pubs and clubs other than those serving food were to close, and any establishment serving food would have to ensure that visitors could stay at least 1 meter apart.
*Healthcare professionals working with patient care were prohibited from traveling abroad until 20 April 2020. The ban applied to both business travel and private travel.
*Everyone who had returned from trips outside Sweden and Finland since 27 February were to quarantine, regardless of whether they showed symptoms or not.
*Leisure travel was strongly discouraged. The Directorate discouraged travelling to work unless strictly necessary and encouraged avoiding public transport if possible, as well as avoiding crowded places.
*People were requested not to visit others in institutions with vulnerable groups (the elderly, psychiatry, prison etc.) and generally encouraged to limiting close contact with others.
*The public transport schedule was to run as normal, to ensure that people with critical social functions could get to and from work and be able to distance themselves from each other.

On 16 March, non-residents were banned from entering Norway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikel |first1=David |title=Norway Closes All Airports To Foreigners As Coronavirus Cases Mount |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2020/03/14/norway-closes-all-airports-to-foreigners-as-coronavirus-cases-mount/#7788c2f31913 |accessdate=21 March 2020 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

As of 19 March, residents were prohibited from staying in cabins outside their home municipalities, in order to avoid putting strain on rural medical infrastructure. People suspected or confirmed to be infected must follow stricter home isolation rules. The government established fines for people violating home quarantine and home isolation rules or organizing events.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikel |first1=David |title=Norway Hands Out $2,000 Fines Or Jail For Ignoring Coronavirus Quarantine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2020/03/17/norway-hands-out-2000-fines-or-jail-for-ignoring-coronavirus-quarantine/ |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

===Economic policy===
Many institutions were closed in order to fight the outbreak, which led to increased unemployment. [[Norges Bank]] first cut the national [[prime rate]] by a half point to 1.0% on 13 March, and the following week cut the prime rate again down to 0.25%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Norway's central bank cuts rates again to curb virus hit |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/20/norway-central-bank-cuts-key-rate-to-0point25percent-from-1percent-in-emergency-move.html |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=CNBC |date=20 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Media coverage==
{{Empty section|date=June 2020}}

==Statistics==
[[File:ERplot19.png|alt=|thumb|462x462px|Growth trajectory of cases in Norway. [[Exponential growth]] (black line, doubling every day), cases data from FHI (blue points), fitted line for case data (red line).]]
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases}}

{{Graph:Chart
|width=800
|colors=#F46D43
|showValues=
|xAxisTitle=Date
|xAxisAngle=-40
|type=rect
|x=26 Feb, 27 Feb, 28 Feb, 29 Feb, 1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar, 11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar, 19 Mar, 20 Mar, 21 Mar, 22 Mar, 23 Mar, 24 Mar, 25 Mar, 26 Mar, 27 Mar, 28 Mar, 29 Mar, 30 Mar, 31 Mar, 1 Apr, 2 Apr, 3 Apr, 4 Apr, 5 Apr, 6 Apr, 7 Apr, 8 Apr, 9 Apr , 10 Apr, 11 Apr, 12 Apr, 13 Apr, 14 Apr, 15 Apr, 16 Apr, 17 Apr, 18 Apr, 19 Apr, 20 Apr, 21 Apr, 22 Apr, 23 Apr, 24 Apr, 25 Apr, 26 Apr, 27 Apr, 28 Apr, 29 Apr, 30 Apr, 1 May, 2 May, 3 May, 4 May, 5 May, 6 May, 7 May, 8 May, 9 May, 10 May, 11 May, 12 May, 13 May, 14 May, 15 May, 16 May, 17 May, 18 May, 19 May, 20 May, 21 May, 22 May, 23 May, 24 May, 25 May,
yAxisTitle=No. of new cases
|legend=Legend
|y1= 1, 3, 2, 8, 4, 6, 8, 21, 30, 27, 34, 22, 23, 85, 212, 132, 131, 156, 166, 92, 139, 115, 129, 190, 184, 206, 240, 196, 264, 240, 425, 264, 257, 124, 221, 207, 282, 272, 301, 130, 115, 108, 147, 150, 84, 76, 95, 73, 78, 111, 114, 100, 93, 84, 45, 53, 84, 95, 63, 59, 38, 28, 72, 62, 43, 73, 26, 38, 58, 50, 41, 38, 36, 29, 3, 4, 46, 23, 21, 23, 18, 12, 8, 10, 14, 20, 30, 15, 0, 6,
|y1Title=New cases per day,
|yGrid= |xGrid=
}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases chart}}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{Portal bar|COVID-19|Norway|Medicine|Viruses}}

[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Norway| ]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Norway]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|Norway]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in Norway]]
[[Category:2020 in Norway]]

Template:2020–21 Serie B table

2020-07-31T21:18:29Z

89.84.127.36: /* References */

<noinclude>'''READ THIS BEFORE UPDATING:''' Please do not forget to update the date ({{para|update}}). '''AFTER UPDATING:''' Pages with the template might not be updated immediately so the page can be updated with a [[WP:NULL]] on the article in question.
</noinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|template_name=2020–21 Serie B table
|source=[http://www.legab.it/campionato-serie-b/classifiche/campionato Lega Serie B (in Italian)] [https://int.soccerway.com/national/italy/serie-b/20192020/regular-season/r54637/tables/ SOCCERWAY (in English)]


|team1 = BRE |team2 = CRE |team3 = MON |team4 = REA |team5 = REG |team6 = SPA |team7 = VIC |team8 = ENT |team9 = III |team10 = JJJ |team11 = KKK |team12 = LLL |team13 = MMM |team14 = NNN |team15 = OOO |team16 = PPP |team17 = QQQ |team18 = RRR |team19 = SSS |team20 = TTT




|result1 =SerieA |result2 =SerieA |result3 =PPO |result4 =PPO |result5 =POP |result6 =POP |result7 =POP |result8 =POP |result16=RPO |result17=RPO |result18=SerieC |result19=SerieC |result20=SerieC


|update=future |start_date=August 2020
|win_BRE = 0 |draw_BRE = 0 |loss_BRE = 0 |gf_BRE = 0 |ga_BRE = 0 
|win_CRE = 0 |draw_CRE = 0 |loss_CRE = 0 |gf_CRE = 0 |ga_CRE = 0 
|win_MON = 0 |draw_MON = 0 |loss_MON = 0 |gf_MON = 0 |ga_MON = 0 
|win_REA = 0 |draw_REA = 0 |loss_REA = 0 |gf_REA = 0 |ga_REA = 0 
|win_REG = 0 |draw_REG = 0 |loss_REG = 0 |gf_REG = 0 |ga_REG = 0 
|win_SPA = 0 |draw_SPA = 0 |loss_SPA = 0 |gf_SPA = 0 |ga_SPA = 0 
|win_VIC = 0 |draw_VIC = 0 |loss_VIC = 0 |gf_VIC = 0 |ga_VIC = 0 
|win_ENT = 0 |draw_ENT = 0 |loss_ENT = 0 |gf_ENT = 0 |ga_ENT = 0 
|win_III = 0 |draw_III = 0 |loss_III = 0 |gf_III = 0 |ga_III = 0 
|win_JJJ = 0 |draw_JJJ = 0 |loss_JJJ = 0 |gf_JJJ = 0 |ga_JJJ = 0 
|win_KKK = 0 |draw_KKK = 0 |loss_KKK = 0 |gf_KKK = 0 |ga_KKK = 0 
|win_LLL = 0 |draw_LLL = 0 |loss_LLL = 0 |gf_LLL = 0 |ga_LLL = 0 
|win_MMM = 0 |draw_MMM = 0 |loss_MMM = 0 |gf_MMM = 0 |ga_MMM = 0 
|win_NNN = 0 |draw_NNN = 0 |loss_NNN = 0 |gf_NNN = 0 |ga_NNN = 0 
|win_OOO = 0 |draw_OOO = 0 |loss_OOO = 0 |gf_OOO = 0 |ga_OOO = 0 
|win_PPP = 0 |draw_PPP = 0 |loss_PPP = 0 |gf_PPP = 0 |ga_PPP = 0 
|win_QQQ = 0 |draw_QQQ = 0 |loss_QQQ = 0 |gf_QQQ = 0 |ga_QQQ = 0 
|win_RRR = 0 |draw_RRR = 0 |loss_RRR = 0 |gf_RRR = 0 |ga_RRR = 0 
|win_SSS = 0 |draw_SSS = 0 |loss_SSS = 0 |gf_SSS = 0 |ga_SSS = 0 
|win_TTT = 0 |draw_TTT = 0 |loss_TTT = 0 |gf_TTT = 0 |ga_TTT = 0 



|status_text_X=Assured a place of the promotion playoff


|name_BRE=[[Brescia Calcio|Brescia]]
|name_CRE=[[U.S. Cremonese|Cremonese]]
|name_MON = [[A.C. Monza|Monza]]
|name_REA = [[Reggio Audace F.C.|Reggiana]]
|name_REG = [[Urbs Reggina 1914|Reggina]]
|name_SPA=[[S.P.A.L.|SPAL]]
|name_VIC = [[L.R. Vicenza Virtus|Vicenza]]
|name_ENT=[[Virtus Entella]]
|name_COS=[[Cosenza Calcio]]
|name_ASC=[[Ascoli Calcio]]
|name_SAL=[[Salernitana]]
|name_VEN=[[Venezia Calcio]]
|name_PIS=[[Pisa Calcio]]
|name_NNN=TBA
|name_OOO=TBA
|name_PPP=TBA
|name_QQQ=TBA
|name_RRR=TBA
|name_SSS=TBA
|name_TTT=TBA


|show_limit=5
|class_rules=1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Goal difference; 5) Goals scored; 6) Draw.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.figc.it/Assets/contentresources_2/ContenutoGenerico/20.$plit/C_2_ContenutoGenerico_3817_Sezioni_lstSezioni_1_lstCapitoli_2_upfFileUpload_it.pdf|title=Norme organizzative interne della F.I.G.C. - Art. 51.6|language=Italian|publisher=Italian Football Federation|format=PDF|date=14 August 2015|accessdate=19 May 2016}}</ref>

|res_col_header=PQR
|col_SerieA=green1 |text_SerieA=Promotion to [[2021–22 Serie A|Serie A]]
|col_PPO=green2 |text_PPO=Qualification to [[#Promotion play-offs|promotion play-offs]] semi-finals
|col_POP=green2 |text_POP=Qualification to [[#Promotion play-offs|promotion play-offs]] premilary round
|col_RPO=red2 |text_RPO=Qualification to [[#Relegation play-out|relegation play-out]]
|col_SerieC=red1 |text_SerieC=Relegation to [[2021–22 Serie C|Serie C]]

|status_text_Q=Qualified to the phase indicated
|status_text_Y=Cannot be saved from relegation directly, but may still qualify for relegation play-out

|note_res_RPO=If the 16th-placed team finishes 5 or more points ahead of the 17th-placed team, then the relegation play-out is not played and the 17th-placed team is relegated to [[Serie C]].

}}<noinclude>
{{documentation}}
{{Template reference list}}
[[Category:Association football league templates]]
[[Category:Serie B table templates]]
</noinclude>

Demographics of Iceland

2020-07-28T14:19:24Z

89.84.127.36: /* Current natural increase */

This article is about the [[demographics|demographic]] features of the [[population]] of [[Iceland]], including [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

As of 2018, the Icelandic population stands at a little over 350,000. 91.1% of the residents of Iceland are Icelandic citizens and 15.7% are foreign-born.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statice.is/statistics/population/inhabitants/background/|title=Statistics Iceland: Background|website=Statistics Iceland}}</ref><ref name="auto1">https://px.hagstofa.is/pxen/pxweb/en/Ibuar/Ibuar__mannfjoldi__3_bakgrunnur__Faedingarland/MAN12103.px/?rxid=92af00af-93d6-4d06-9be0-3a88f29ad64f</ref>

99% of the nation's inhabitants live in urban areas (localities with populations greater than 200) and 60% live in the [[Capital Region (Iceland)|Capital Region]].

==History==
[[File:Icelandic population 1703-2017 from Statistics Iceland.png|thumb|A graph showing the population of Iceland from 1703–2017, using official data from Statistics Iceland.]]
The population of Iceland since settlement times has probably wavered between about 30,000 and 80,000. Official statistics begin in 1703, since when the population of Iceland has grown from 50,358 to 348,580 in December 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://px.hagstofa.is/pxen/pxweb/en/Ibuar/Ibuar__mannfjoldi__1_yfirlit__yfirlit_mannfjolda/MAN00000.px|title=Population – key figures 1703–2017|website=Px.hagstofa.is|accessdate=8 November 2017}}</ref>

===Migration===

==== Settlement ====
Most [[Icelandic people]] are descendants of [[Norway|Norwegian]] settlers, and of [[Gaels]] from [[Ireland]] and [[Scotland]] who were brought over as slaves during the [[Settlement of Iceland]] in the ninth century CE. Recent DNA analysis suggests that around 66 percent of the male settler-era population was of Norse ancestry, whereas the female population was 60 percent Celtic.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Agnar Helgason|author2=Eileen Hickey|author3-link=Sara Goodacre|author3=Sara Goodacre|author4=Vidar Bosnes|author5=Ka´ri Stefa´nsson|author6=Ryk Ward|author7=Bryan Sykes|date=2001|title=mtDNA and the Islands of the North Atlantic: Estimating the Proportions of Norse and Gaelic Ancestry|journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet.|volume=68|issue=3|pages=723–737|doi=10.1086/318785|pmid=11179019|pmc=1274484 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Agnar Helgason|author2=Sigrún Sigurðardóttir|author3=Jeffrey R. Gulcher|author4=Ryk Ward|author5=Kári Stefánsson|date=2000|title=mtDNA and the Origin of the Icelanders: Deciphering Signals of Recent Population History|url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v66n3/991226/991226.html|journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet.|volume=66|issue=3|pages=999–1016|doi=10.1086/302816|pmid=10712214|pmc=1288180}}</ref> Iceland remained extremely homogenous from Settlement until the twentieth century.

==== Emigration ====
Large numbers of Icelanders began to emigrate from Iceland in the 1850s. It has been estimated that around 17,000 Icelanders emigrated to [[North America]] in the period 1870–1914, with some 2,000 people returning to Iceland. A net total of around 15,000 individuals amount to roughly 20% of the Icelandic population in 1887.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=History of Iceland|last=Karlsson|first=Gunnar|publisher=|year=2000|isbn=|location=|pages=236}}</ref> According to historian Gunnar Karlsson, "migration from Iceland is unique in that most went to Canada, whereas from most or all other European countries the majority went to the United States. This was partly due to the late beginning of emigration from Iceland after the Canadian authorities had begun to promote emigration in cooperation with the Allan Line, which already had an agent in Iceland in 1873. Contrary to most European countries, this promotion campaign was successful in Iceland, because emigration was only just about to start from there and Icelandic emigrants had no relatives in the United States to help them take the first steps".<ref name=":0" />

In the wake of the [[2008 Icelandic financial crisis]], many Icelanders went to work abroad.<ref>Guðbjört Guðjónsdóttir. “ ‘We Blend in with the Crowd but They Don’t’: (In)visibility and Icelandic Migrants in Norway.” ''Nordic Journal of Migration Research'' 4 (2014): 176–183. </ref>

====Immigration====
There was little immigration to Iceland prior to the 1990s, and during that period was mostly from other Scandinavian countries: around 1% of the population of Iceland in 1900 was of Danish heritage (either born in Denmark or to Danish parents).<ref>{{Cite book|title=History of Iceland|last=Karlsson|first=Gunnar|publisher=|year=2000|isbn=|location=|pages=234}}</ref> In the mid-1990s, 95% of Icelanders had parents of Icelandic origin, and 2% of Icelandic inhabitants were first-generation immigrants (born abroad with both parents foreign-born and all grandparents foreign-born).<ref>Kristín Loftsdóttir, “[https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/njmr.2017.7.issue-2/njmr-2017-0012/njmr-2017-0012.pdf Being ‘the Damned Foreigner’: Affective National Sentiments and Racialization of Lithuanians in Iceland.]” ''Nordic Journal of Migration Research'' 7.2 (2017): 70–77 (p. 72) {{DOI|10.1515/njmr-2017-0012}}.</ref><ref name="auto">'[https://web.archive.org/web/20180301221616/https://www.statice.is/publications/news-archive/population/immigrants-and-persons-with-foreign-background-2017/ Immigrants and persons with foreign background 2017]' (16 June 2017).</ref>

Immigration to Iceland rose rapidly in the late twentieth century, encouraged by Iceland's accession to the [[European Economic Area]] in 1994, its entry into the [[Schengen Agreement]] in 2001, and the country's [[Icelandic outvasion|early twenty-first century economic boom]]. Iceland's largest ethnic minority comprises [[Polish immigrants in Iceland]]. Immigration has also brought significant new ethno-religious groups such as [[History of the Jews in Iceland|Jewish people]], and new minority religions, including [[Islam in Iceland|Islam]]. In 2017, 10.6% of the population were first-generation immigrants.<ref name="auto"/>

Research on the experience of immigrants to Iceland is in its early days.<ref>Hanna Ragnarsdóttir, ''Collisions and Continuities: Ten Immigrant Families and Their Children in Icelandic Society and Schools''. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.</ref><ref>Skaptadóttir, UD 2004, ‘Mobilities and cultural difference: immigrant’s experiences in Iceland’ in Topographies of globalization: politics, culture, language, eds V Ingimundarson, K Loftsdóttir & I Erlingsdóttir, The University of Iceland Press, Reykjavík pp. 133-149.</ref> There is some evidence that racism is not as acute in Iceland as in neighbouring countries.<ref>Rannveig Thorisdottir, “Armed with a Pen.” In ''Black Light, White Shadows: Young People in the Nordic Countries Write about Racism''. Edited by Leena Suurpää, 85–97. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers, 1998.</ref><ref>Kristín Loftsdóttir, “ ‘Still a Lot of Staring and Curiosity’: Racism and the Racialization of African Immigrants in Iceland.” In ''New Dimensions of Diversity in Nordic Culture and Society''. Edited by Jenny Björklund, Ursula Lindqvist, 263–78. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.</ref><ref>Gunnar J. Gunnarsson, Gunnar E. Finnbogason, Hanna Ragnarsdóttir and Halla Jónsdóttir. “Friendship, Diversity and Fear: Young People’s Life Views and Life Values in a Multicultural Society.” Nordidactica: Journal of Humanities and Social Science Education (2015 part 2): 94–113.</ref> But, while it is popularly believed in Iceland that racism does not exist there,<ref>Kristín Loftsdóttir, “The Country without Racism: Multiculturalism and Colonial Identity Formations in Iceland.” Social Identities 17 (2011): 11–25. </ref> there is evidence that in some respects immigrant populations experience prejudice and inequalities.<ref>Kristín Loftsdóttir, “[https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/njmr.2017.7.issue-2/njmr-2017-0012/njmr-2017-0012.pdf Being ‘the Damned Foreigner’: Affective National Sentiments and Racialization of Lithuanians in Iceland.]” ''Nordic Journal of Migration Research'' 7.2 (2017): 70–77 {{DOI|10.1515/njmr-2017-0012}}.</ref> For example, Iceland has a higher dropout rate from upper secondary school among young immigrants than the EEA average.<ref>Hanna Ragnarsdóttir, “Competences for Active Communication and Participation in Diverse Societies: Views of Young People in Iceland.” In ''Intercultural Competence in Education: Alternative Approaches for Different Times''. Edited by Fred Dervin and Zehavit Gross, 73–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. p. 75.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|+ Foreign-born communities of over 300<ref name="auto1"/>

! scope="col" | Country !! 2010 !! 2019

|-
| {{flag|Poland}} || 10,088 || 19,210
|-
| {{flag|Denmark}} || 3,236 || 3,891
|-
| {{flag|Lithuania}} || 1,442 || 2,906
|-
| {{flag|United States}} || 1,849 || 2,386
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}} || 1,846 || 2,161
|-
| {{flag|Philippines}} || 1,407 || 2,094
|-
| {{flag|Germany}} || 1,697 || 1,969
|-
| {{flag|Latvia}} || 641 || 1,762
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}} || 1,095 || 1,702
|-
| {{flag|Romania}} || 205 || 1,536
|-
| {{flag|Thailand}} || 1,062 || 1,375
|-
| {{flag|Norway}} || 987 || 1,275
|-
| {{flag|Portugal}} || 607 || 993
|-
| {{flag|Spain}} || 288 || 909
|-
| {{flag|Vietnam}} || 479 || 840
|-
| {{flag|France}} || 444 || 835
|-
| {{flag|Czech Republic}} || 152 || 744
|-
| {{flag|China}} || 481 || 686
|-
| {{flag|Croatia}} || 148 || 657
|-
| {{flag|Italy}} || 217 || 482
|-
| {{flag|Slovakia}} || 228 || 475
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 135 || 473
|-
| {{flag|Serbia}} || 312 || 468
|-
| {{flag|Hungary}} || 153 || 464
|-
| {{flag|Russia}} || 294 || 452
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}} || 206 || 402
|-
| {{flag|Netherlands}} || 298 || 375
|-
| {{flag|India}} || 274 || 357
|-
| {{flag|Canada}} || 229 || 337
|-
| Other || 4,284 || 9,185
|-
| '''Total immigrant population''' || '''35,117''' || '''61,401'''
|-
|}

<references group=notes />

Due to a shortage of labor,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arionbanki.is/library/Skrar/Greiningar/onnur-efnahagsmal/170915_flottamenn.pdf|title=Efnahagslegt sjónarhorn á móttöku flóttamanna|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Arion Banki|accessdate=}}</ref> immigration to Iceland will most likely increase in the future.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ruv.is/frett/island-ad-breytast-i-innflytjendathjod|title=Ísland að breytast í innflytjendaþjóð|website=RÚV|accessdate=2016-01-10}}</ref> Estimates show that the number of immigrants could be as high as 15% of the total population by 2030.<ref name=":1" />

== Patronymy ==
{{See also|Icelandic name|l1=Icelandic naming conventions}}
Most Icelandic surnames are based on [[patronymic|patronymy]], or the adoption of the father's first given name, followed by "son" or "daughter". For example, Magnús and Anna, children of a man named Pétur Jónsson, would have the full name Magnús Pétursson and Anna Pétursdóttir, respectively. Magnús's daughter Sigríður Ásta would be Sigríður Ásta Magnúsdóttir, and would remain so for the rest of her life regardless of marriage. An Icelandic patronymic is essentially only a designation of fatherhood, and is therefore redundant in Icelandic social life except to differentiate people of the same first name{{snd}} the phone directory, for example, lists people by their given name first, patronymic second. Thus it has little in common with traditional surnames except for its position after the given name. It is legally possible in Iceland to rework the patronymic into a [[matronymic]], replacing the father's name with the mother's. Use of the patronymic system is required by law, except for the descendants of those who had acquired family names before 1913 (about 10% of the population). One notable Icelander who has an inherited family name is [[football (soccer)|football]] star [[Eiður Guðjohnsen|Eiður Smári Guðjohnsen]].

== Urbanisation ==
According to University of Iceland economists Davíd F. Björnsson and Gylfi Zoega, "The policies of the colonial masters in Copenhagen delayed urbanisation. The Danish king maintained a monopoly in trade with Iceland from 1602 until 1855, which made the price of fish artificially low – the price of fish was higher in Britain – and artificially raised the price of agricultural products. Instead, Denmark bought the fish caught from Iceland at below world market prices. Although the trade monopoly ended in 1787, Icelanders could not trade freely with other countries until 1855. Following trade liberalisation, there was a substantial increase in fish exports to Britain, which led to an increase in the number of sailing ships used in fishing, introduced for the first time in 1780. The growth of the fishing industry then created demand for capital, and in 1885 Parliament created the first state bank (Landsbanki). In 1905 came the first motorised fishing vessel, which marked an important step in the development of a specialised fishing industry in Iceland. Iceland exported fresh fish to Britain and salted cod to southern Europe, with Portugal an important export market. Fishing replaced agriculture as the country’s main industry. These developments set the stage for the urbanisation that was to follow in the twentieth century."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Björnsson|first=Davíd F.|last2=Zoega|first2=Gylfi|date=2017-06-26|title=Seasonality of birth rates in agricultural Iceland|journal=Scandinavian Economic History Review|volume=0|issue=3|pages=294–306|doi=10.1080/03585522.2017.1340333|issn=0358-5522|url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/19404/1/19404.pdf}}</ref>

A 2017 study looking at individuals going to the capital area for higher education found that "Only about one in three [University of Iceland] students from regions beyond commuting distance return after graduation, while about half remain in the capital area and others mostly emigrate."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bjarnason|first1=Thoroddur|authorlink1=Thoroddur Bjarnason|last2=Edvardsson|first2=Ingi Runar|date=August 2017|title=University pathways of urban and rural migration in Iceland|journal=Journal of Rural Studies|volume=54|pages=244–254|doi=10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.07.001|url=https://opinvisindi.is/bitstream/20.500.11815/1073/3/Journal%20of%20Rural%20Studies_Thoroddur_2017.pdf|hdl=20.500.11815/1073}}</ref>

== Religion ==
In 2016, 71.6% of the population belonged to the [[National Church of Iceland|state church]] (the [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] [[Lutheran Church]] of Iceland), approximately 5% in [[free church]]es, 3.7% to the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] Church, approximately 1% to the ''[[Ásatrúarfélagið]]'' (a legally recognized revival of the pre-[[Christianity|Christian]] religion of Iceland), approximately 1% to [[Zuism]], 8% in unrecognized or unspecified religious groups, and 19% do not belong to any religious group.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eyjan.pressan.is/frettir/2016/03/25/aldrei-laegra-hlutfall-islendinga-i-thjodkirkjunni-zuistar-naerri-1-prosent-thjodarinnar/|title=Aldrei lægra hlutfall Íslendinga í Þjóðkirkjunni – Zúistar nærri 1 prósent þjóðarinnar|access-date=2017-07-17|website=Eyjan.pressan.is}}</ref>

== Icelandic National Registry ==
{{Main|Kennitala}}
All living Icelanders, as well as all foreign citizens with permanent residence in Iceland, have a [[personal identification number]] (''kennitala'') identifying them in the National Registry. This number is composed of 10 digits, whereof the first six are made up of the individual's birth date in the format DDMMYY. The next two digits are chosen at random when the ''kennitala'' is allocated, the 9th digit is a check digit, and the last digit indicates the period of one hundred years in which the individual was born (for instance, '9' for the period 1900–1999). An example would be 120192-3389. While similar, all-inclusive personal registries exist in other countries, the use of the national registry is unusually extensive in Iceland. It is worth noting that the completeness of the National Registry eliminates any need for census to be performed.

== Summary of vital statistics since 1900 ==
Data according to [[Statistics Iceland]], which collects the official statistics for Iceland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statice.is|title=Frontpage – Hagstofa|website=Hagstofa}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! width="30pt"|Year
! width="40pt"|Average population 
! width="40pt"|Live births
! width="40pt"|Deaths
! width="40pt"|Natural change
! width="40pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! width="40pt"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! width="40pt"|Natural change (per 1000)
! width="40pt"|Total fertility rate
|-
| 1900
| align="right" | 78,000
| align="right" | 2,237
| align="right" | 1,545
| align="right" | 692
| align="right" | 28.6
| align="right" | 19.8
| align="right" | 8.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.93
|-
| 1901
| align="right" | 78,000
| align="right" | 2,179
| align="right" | 1,155
| align="right" | 1,024
| align="right" | 27.8
| align="right" | 14.7
| align="right" | 13.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.86
|-
| 1902
| align="right" | 79,000
| align="right" | 2,220
| align="right" | 1,262
| align="right" | 958
| align="right" | 28.1
| align="right" | 16.0
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.95
|-
| 1903
| align="right" | 79,000
| align="right" | 2,244
| align="right" | 1,324
| align="right" | 920
| align="right" | 28.3
| align="right" | 16.7
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.00
|-
| 1904
| align="right" | 80,000
| align="right" | 2,293
| align="right" | 1,242
| align="right" | 1,051
| align="right" | 28.7
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 13.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.09
|-
| 1905
| align="right" | 81,000
| align="right" | 2,271
| align="right" | 1,435
| align="right" | 836
| align="right" | 28.1
| align="right" | 17.8
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.02
|-
| 1906
| align="right" | 82,000
| align="right" | 2,346
| align="right" | 1,193
| align="right" | 1,153
| align="right" | 28.8
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 14.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.14
|-
| 1907
| align="right" | 83,000
| align="right" | 2,304
| align="right" | 1,396
| align="right" | 908
| align="right" | 27.9
| align="right" | 16.9
| align="right" | 11.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.04
|-
| 1908
| align="right" | 83,000
| align="right" | 2,270
| align="right" | 1,594
| align="right" | 676
| align="right" | 27.3
| align="right" | 19.1
| align="right" | 8.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.01
|-
| 1909
| align="right" | 84,000
| align="right" | 2,283
| align="right" | 1,263
| align="right" | 1,020
| align="right" | 27.2
| align="right" | 15.0
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.00
|-
| 1910
| align="right" | 85,000
| align="right" | 2,171
| align="right" | 1,304
| align="right" | 867
| align="right" | 25.6
| align="right" | 15.4
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.79
|-
| 1911
| align="right" | 85,000
| align="right" | 2,205
| align="right" | 1,152
| align="right" | 1,053
| align="right" | 25.8
| align="right" | 13.5
| align="right" | 12.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.80
|-
| 1912
| align="right" | 86,000
| align="right" | 2,234
| align="right" | 1,171
| align="right" | 1,063
| align="right" | 26.0
| align="right" | 13.6
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.82
|-
| 1913
| align="right" | 87,000
| align="right" | 2,216
| align="right" | 1,060
| align="right" | 1,156
| align="right" | 25.6
| align="right" | 12.2
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.76
|-
| 1914
| align="right" | 88,000
| align="right" | 2,338
| align="right" | 1,428
| align="right" | 910
| align="right" | 26.7
| align="right" | 16.3
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.90
|-
| 1915
| align="right" | 89,000
| align="right" | 2,446
| align="right" | 1,376
| align="right" | 1,070
| align="right" | 27.6
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.00
|-
| 1916
| align="right" | 89,000
| align="right" | 2,377
| align="right" | 1,322
| align="right" | 1,055
| align="right" | 26.6
| align="right" | 14.8
| align="right" | 11.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.81
|-
| 1917
| align="right" | 91,000
| align="right" | 2,427
| align="right" | 1,111
| align="right" | 1,316
| align="right" | 26.8
| align="right" | 12.3
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.82
|-
| 1918
| align="right" | 92,000
| align="right" | 2,441
| align="right" | 1,518
| align="right" | 923
| align="right" | 26.6
| align="right" | 16.6
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.78
|-
| 1919
| align="right" | 92,000
| align="right" | 2,342
| align="right" | 1,169
| align="right" | 1,173
| align="right" | 25.4
| align="right" | 12.7
| align="right" | 12.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.62
|-
| 1920
| align="right" | 94,000
| align="right" | 2,627
| align="right" | 1,360
| align="right" | 1,267
| align="right" | 28.1
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" | 13.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.96
|-
| 1921
| align="right" | 95,000
| align="right" | 2,601
| align="right" | 1,478
| align="right" | 1,123
| align="right" | 27.4
| align="right" | 15.6
| align="right" | 11.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.87
|-
| 1922
| align="right" | 96,000
| align="right" | 2,546
| align="right" | 1,280
| align="right" | 1,266
| align="right" | 26.6
| align="right" | 13.4
| align="right" | 13.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.72
|-
| 1923
| align="right" | 97,000
| align="right" | 2,612
| align="right" | 1,287
| align="right" | 1,325
| align="right" | 26.9
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" | 13.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.77
|-
| 1924
| align="right" | 98,000
| align="right" | 2,525
| align="right" | 1,462
| align="right" | 1,063
| align="right" | 25.7
| align="right" | 14.9
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.62
|-
| 1925
| align="right" | 99,000
| align="right" | 2,554
| align="right" | 1,229
| align="right" | 1,325
| align="right" | 25.7
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.59
|-
| 1926
| align="right" | 101,000
| align="right" | 2,676
| align="right" | 1,121
| align="right" | 1,555
| align="right" | 26.5
| align="right" | 11.1
| align="right" | 15.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.71
|-
| 1927
| align="right" | 103,000
| align="right" | 2,642
| align="right" | 1,282
| align="right" | 1,360
| align="right" | 25.8
| align="right" | 12.5
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.59
|-
| 1928
| align="right" | 104,000
| align="right" | 2,542
| align="right" | 1,124
| align="right" | 1,418
| align="right" | 24.4
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 13.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.40
|-
| 1929
| align="right" | 106,000
| align="right" | 2,644
| align="right" | 1,237
| align="right" | 1,407
| align="right" | 25.0
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.47
|-
| 1930
| align="right" | 107,000
| align="right" | 2,808
| align="right" | 1,248
| align="right" | 1,560
| align="right" | 26.1
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.59
|-
| 1931
| align="right" | 109,000
| align="right" | 2,804
| align="right" | 1,277
| align="right" | 1,527
| align="right" | 25.7
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 14.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.53
|-
| 1932
| align="right" | 111,000
| align="right" | 2,696
| align="right" | 1,191
| align="right" | 1,505
| align="right" | 24.4
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 13.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.31
|-
| 1933
| align="right" | 112,000
| align="right" | 2,531
| align="right" | 1,159
| align="right" | 1,372
| align="right" | 22.5
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 12.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.07
|-
| 1934
| align="right" | 114,000
| align="right" | 2,597
| align="right" | 1,181
| align="right" | 1,416
| align="right" | 22.8
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.10
|-
| 1935
| align="right" | 115,000
| align="right" | 2,551
| align="right" | 1,402
| align="right" | 1,149
| align="right" | 22.1
| align="right" | 12.2
| align="right" | 10.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.99
|-
| 1936
| align="right" | 116,000
| align="right" | 2,557
| align="right" | 1,253
| align="right" | 1,304
| align="right" | 22.0
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 11.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.98
|-
| 1937
| align="right" | 117,000
| align="right" | 2,397
| align="right" | 1,317
| align="right" | 1,080
| align="right" | 20.4
| align="right" | 11.2
| align="right" | 9.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.78
|-
| 1938
| align="right" | 118,000
| align="right" | 2,374
| align="right" | 1,207
| align="right" | 1,167
| align="right" | 20.1
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.71
|-
| 1939
| align="right" | 120,000
| align="right" | 2,363
| align="right" | 1,160
| align="right" | 1,203
| align="right" | 19.8
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.68
|-
| 1940
| align="right" | 121,000
| align="right" | 2,480
| align="right" | 1,200
| align="right" | 1,280
| align="right" | 20.5
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 10.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.75
|-
| 1941
| align="right" | 122,000
| align="right" | 2,634
| align="right" | 1,352
| align="right" | 1,282
| align="right" | 21.6
| align="right" | 11.1
| align="right" | 10.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.91
|-
| 1942
| align="right" | 123,000
| align="right" | 3,005
| align="right" | 1,293
| align="right" | 1,712
| align="right" | 24.4
| align="right" | 10.5
| align="right" | 13.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.26
|-
| 1943
| align="right" | 125,000
| align="right" | 3,173
| align="right" | 1,268
| align="right" | 1,905
| align="right" | 25.4
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.36
|-
| 1944
| align="right" | 127,000
| align="right" | 3,213
| align="right" | 1,218
| align="right" | 1,995
| align="right" | 25.3
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 15.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.34
|-
| 1945
| align="right" | 129,000
| align="right" | 3,434
| align="right" | 1,179
| align="right" | 2,255
| align="right" | 26.6
| align="right" | 9.1
| align="right" | 17.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.55
|-
| 1946
| align="right" | 132,000
| align="right" | 3,434
| align="right" | 1,121
| align="right" | 2,313
| align="right" | 26.1
| align="right" | 8.5
| align="right" | 17.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.47
|-
| 1947
| align="right" | 134,000
| align="right" | 3,703
| align="right" | 1,162
| align="right" | 2,541
| align="right" | 27.6
| align="right" | 8.6
| align="right" | 18.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.67
|-
| 1948
| align="right" | 137,000
| align="right" | 3,821
| align="right" | 1,114
| align="right" | 2,707
| align="right" | 27.8
| align="right" | 8.1
| align="right" | 19.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.72
|-
| 1949
| align="right" | 140,000
| align="right" | 3,884
| align="right" | 1,106
| align="right" | 2,778
| align="right" | 27.8
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 19.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.73
|-
| 1950
| align="right" | 143,000
| align="right" | 4,093
| align="right" | 1,122
| align="right" | 2,971
| align="right" | 28.7
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 20.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.86
|-
| 1951
| align="right" | 145,000
| align="right" | 3,999
| align="right" | 1,145
| align="right" | 2,854
| align="right" | 27.5
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 19.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.72
|-
| 1952
| align="right" | 148,000
| align="right" | 4,075
| align="right" | 1,082
| align="right" | 2,993
| align="right" | 27.5
| align="right" | 7.3
| align="right" | 20.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.79
|-
| 1953
| align="right" | 151,000
| align="right" | 4,254
| align="right" | 1,118
| align="right" | 3,136
| align="right" | 28.1
| align="right" | 7.4
| align="right" | 20.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.94
|-
| 1954
| align="right" | 154,000
| align="right" | 4,281
| align="right" | 1,064
| align="right" | 3,217
| align="right" | 27.7
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 20.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.91
|-
| 1955
| align="right" | 158,000
| align="right" | 4,505
| align="right" | 1,099
| align="right" | 3,406
| align="right" | 28.5
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 21.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.07
|-
| 1956
| align="right" | 161,000
| align="right" | 4,603
| align="right" | 1,153
| align="right" | 3,450
| align="right" | 28.5
| align="right" | 7.1
| align="right" | 21.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.14
|-
| 1957
| align="right" | 165,000
| align="right" | 4,725
| align="right" | 1,157
| align="right" | 3,568
| align="right" | 28.6
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 21.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.20
|-
| 1958
| align="right" | 168,000
| align="right" | 4,641
| align="right" | 1,165
| align="right" | 3,476
| align="right" | 27.5
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 20.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.09
|-
| 1959
| align="right" | 172,000
| align="right" | 4,837
| align="right" | 1,242
| align="right" | 3,595
| align="right" | 28.1
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 20.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.24
|-
| 1960
| align="right" | 176,000
| align="right" | 4,916
| align="right" | 1,167
| align="right" | 3,749
| align="right" | 28.0
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 21.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.29
|-
| 1961
| align="right" | 179,000
| align="right" | 4,563
| align="right" | 1,248
| align="right" | 3,315
| align="right" | 25.5
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 18.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.88
|-
| 1962
| align="right" | 182,000
| align="right" | 4,711
| align="right" | 1,237
| align="right" | 3,474
| align="right" | 25.9
| align="right" | 6.8
| align="right" | 19.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.98
|-
| 1963
| align="right" | 186,000
| align="right" | 4,820
| align="right" | 1,327
| align="right" | 3,493
| align="right" | 26.0
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 18.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 4.02
|-
| 1964
| align="right" | 189,000
| align="right" | 4,787
| align="right" | 1,315
| align="right" | 3,472
| align="right" | 25.3
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 18.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.87
|-
| 1965
| align="right" | 192,000
| align="right" | 4,721
| align="right" | 1,291
| align="right" | 3,430
| align="right" | 24.6
| align="right" | 6.7
| align="right" | 17.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.73
|-
| 1966
| align="right" | 196,000
| align="right" | 4,692
| align="right" | 1,391
| align="right" | 3,301
| align="right" | 24.0
| align="right" | 7.1
| align="right" | 16.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.60
|-
| 1967
| align="right" | 199,000
| align="right" | 4,404
| align="right" | 1,385
| align="right" | 3,019
| align="right" | 22.2
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.28
|-
| 1968
| align="right" | 201,000
| align="right" | 4,227
| align="right" | 1,390
| align="right" | 2,837
| align="right" | 21.0
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 14.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.06
|-
| 1969
| align="right" | 203,000
| align="right" | 4,218
| align="right" | 1,451
| align="right" | 2,767
| align="right" | 20.8
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 13.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.99
|-
| 1970
| align="right" | 204,000
| align="right" | 4,023
| align="right" | 1,457
| align="right" | 2,566
| align="right" | 19.7
| align="right" | 7.1
| align="right" | 12.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.79
|-
| 1971
| align="right" | 206,000
| align="right" | 4,277
| align="right" | 1,501
| align="right" | 2,776
| align="right" | 20.8
| align="right" | 7.3
| align="right" | 13.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.86
|-
| 1972
| align="right" | 209,000
| align="right" | 4,676
| align="right" | 1,447
| align="right" | 3,229
| align="right" | 22.3
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 15.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.09
|-
| 1973
| align="right" | 212,000
| align="right" | 4,598
| align="right" | 1,475
| align="right" | 3,123
| align="right" | 21.7
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 14.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.95
|-
| 1974
| align="right" | 215,000
| align="right" | 4,276
| align="right" | 1,495
| align="right" | 2,781
| align="right" | 19.9
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.66
|-
| 1975
| align="right" | 218,000
| align="right" | 4,384
| align="right" | 1,412
| align="right" | 2,972
| align="right" | 20.1
| align="right" | 6.5
| align="right" | 13.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.71
|-
| 1976
| align="right" | 220,000
| align="right" | 4,291
| align="right" | 1,343
| align="right" | 2,948
| align="right" | 19.5
| align="right" | 6.1
| align="right" | 13.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.53
|-
| 1977
| align="right" | 222,000
| align="right" | 3,996
| align="right" | 1,435
| align="right" | 2,561
| align="right" | 18.0
| align="right" | 6.5
| align="right" | 11.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.32
|-
| 1978
| align="right" | 224,000
| align="right" | 4,162
| align="right" | 1,421
| align="right" | 2,741
| align="right" | 18.6
| align="right" | 6.4
| align="right" | 12.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.36
|-
| 1979
| align="right" | 226,000
| align="right" | 4,475
| align="right" | 1,482
| align="right" | 2,993
| align="right" | 19.8
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.49
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 228,000
| align="right" | 4,528
| align="right" | 1,538
| align="right" | 2,990
| align="right" | 19.8
| align="right" | 6.7
| align="right" | 13.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.49
|-
| 1981
| align="right" | 231,000
| align="right" | 4,345
| align="right" | 1,656
| align="right" | 2,689
| align="right" | 18.8
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.33
|-
| 1982
| align="right" | 234,000
| align="right" | 4,337
| align="right" | 1,583
| align="right" | 2,754
| align="right" | 18.5
| align="right" | 6.8
| align="right" | 11.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.26
|-
| 1983
| align="right" | 237,000
| align="right" | 4,371
| align="right" | 1,653
| align="right" | 2,718
| align="right" | 18.4
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 11.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.24
|-
| 1984
| align="right" | 240,000
| align="right" | 4,113
| align="right" | 1,584
| align="right" | 2,529
| align="right" | 17.2
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 10.6
| align="right" | 2.08
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 241,000
| align="right" | 3,856
| align="right" | 1,652
| align="right" | 2,204
| align="right" | 16.0
| align="right" | 6.8
| align="right" | 9.1
| align="right" | 1.93
|-
| 1986
| align="right" | 243,000
| align="right" | 3,881
| align="right" | 1,598
| align="right" | 2,283
| align="right" | 16.0
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 9.4
| align="right" | 1.92
|-
| 1987
| align="right" | 246,000
| align="right" | 4,193
| align="right" | 1,724
| align="right" | 2,469
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 10.0
| align="right" | 2.05
|-
| 1988
| align="right" | 250,000
| align="right" | 4,673
| align="right" | 1,818
| align="right" | 2,855
| align="right" | 18.7
| align="right" | 7.3
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.20
|-
| 1989
| align="right" | 253,000
| align="right" | 4,560
| align="right" | 1,716
| align="right" | 2,844
| align="right" | 18.0
| align="right" | 6.8
| align="right" | 11.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.17
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 255,000
| align="right" | 4,768
| align="right" | 1,704
| align="right" | 3,064
| align="right" | 18.7
| align="right" | 6.7
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.30
|-
| 1991
| align="right" | 258,000
| align="right" | 4,533
| align="right" | 1,796
| align="right" | 2,737
| align="right" | 17.6
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 10.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.19
|-
| 1992
| align="right" | 261,000
| align="right" | 4,609
| align="right" | 1,719
| align="right" | 2,890
| align="right" | 17.7
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 11.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.21
|-
| 1993
| align="right" | 264,000
| align="right" | 4,623
| align="right" | 1,753
| align="right" | 2,870
| align="right" | 17.5
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 10.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.22
|-
| 1994
| align="right" | 266,000
| align="right" | 4,442
| align="right" | 1,718
| align="right" | 2,725
| align="right" | 16.7
| align="right" | 6.5
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.14
|-
| 1995
| align="right" | 267,000
| align="right" | 4,280
| align="right" | 1,923
| align="right" | 2,357
| align="right" | 16.0
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 8.8
| align="right" | 2.08
|-
| 1996
| align="right" | 269,000
| align="right" | 4,329
| align="right" | 1,879
| align="right" | 2,450
| align="right" | 16.1
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 9.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.13
|-
| 1997
| align="right" | 271,000
| align="right" | 4,151
| align="right" | 1,844
| align="right" | 2,308
| align="right" | 15.3
| align="right" | 6.8
| align="right" | 8.5
| align="right" | 2.04
|-
| 1998
| align="right" | 274,000
| align="right" | 4,178
| align="right" | 1,821
| align="right" | 2,357
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 8.6
| align="right" | 2.04
|-
| 1999
| align="right" | 277,000
| align="right" | 4,100
| align="right" | 1,901
| align="right" | 2,199
| align="right" | 14.8
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 1.99
|-
| 2000
| align="right" | 281,000
| align="right" | 4,315
| align="right" | 1,828
| align="right" | 2,492
| align="right" | 15.3
| align="right" | 6.5
| align="right" | 8.9
| align="right" | 2.076
|-
| 2001
| align="right" | 285,000
| align="right" | 4,091
| align="right" | 1,725
| align="right" | 2,366
| align="right" | 14.4
| align="right" | 6.1
| align="right" | 8.3
| align="right" | 1.948
|-
| 2002
| align="right" | 288,000
| align="right" | 4,049
| align="right" | 1,821
| align="right" | 2,228
| align="right" | 14.1
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 7.7
| align="right" | 1.932
|-
| 2003
| align="right" | 290,000
| align="right" | 4,143
| align="right" | 1,827
| align="right" | 2,316
| align="right" | 14.3
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 8.0
| align="right" | 1.990
|-
| 2004
| align="right" | 292,000
| align="right" | 4,234
| align="right" | 1,824
| align="right" | 2,410
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" | 6.2
| align="right" | 8.3
| align="right" | 2.033
|-
| 2005
| align="right" | 297,000
| align="right" | 4,280
| align="right" | 1,838
| align="right" | 2,442
| align="right" | 14.4
| align="right" | 6.2
| align="right" | 8.2
| align="right" | 2.052
|-
| 2006
| align="right" | 304,000
| align="right" | 4,415
| align="right" | 1,903
| align="right" | 2,512
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 8.3
| align="right" | 2.074
|-
| 2007
| align="right" | 312,000
| align="right" | 4,560
| align="right" | 1,943
| align="right" | 2,617
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 6.2
| align="right" | 8.4
| align="right" | 2.094
|-
| 2008
| align="right" | 317,000
| align="right" | 4,835
| align="right" | 1,987
| align="right" | 2,244
| align="right" | 14.2
| align="right" | 6.2
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.140
|-
| 2009
| align="right" | 318,000
| align="right" | 5,026
| align="right" | 2,002
| align="right" | 3,024
| align="right" | 15.7
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 9.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.221
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 318,000
| align="right" | 4,907
| align="right" | 2,020
| align="right" | 2,887
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 6.4
| align="right" | 9.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.197
|-
| 2011
| align="right" | 319,000
| align="right" | 4,492
| align="right" | 1,986
| align="right" | 2,511
| align="right" | 14.1
| align="right" | 6.2
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 2.017
|-
| 2012
|320,000
|4,533||1,955||2,573
|14.2||6.1||8.1
| align="right" | 2.037
|-
| 2013
|322,000
|4,326||2,154||2,172
|13.4||6.6|| 6.7
| align="right" | 1.932
|-
| 2014
|326,000
|4,375||2,049||2,326
|13.5||6.4||7.1
| align="right" | 1.932
|-
| 2015
|329,000
|4,129||2,178||1,951
|12.6||6.6||6.0
| align="right" | 1.805
|-
| 2016
|333,000
|4,034||2,309||1,676
|12.1||7.0||5.1
| align="right" | 1.745
|-
| 2017
|338,000
|4,071||2,238||1,832
|12.0||6.5||5.5
| align="right" | 1.710
|-
| 2018
|348,000
|4,228||2,254||1,990
|12.1||6.6||5.5
| align="right" style="color: red" | 1.707
|-
| 2019
|357,000
|4,452||2,275||2,177
|12.4||6.3||6.1
| align="right" | 1.745
|-
|}

===Current natural increase ===

*Births from January–June 2019 = {{increase}} 2,060
*Births from January–June 2020 = {{increase}} 2,170

*Deaths from January–June 2019 = {{decreasepositive}} 1,090
*Deaths from January–June 2020 = {{increasenegative}} 1,170

*Natural increase from January–June 2019 = {{increase}} 970
*Natural increase from January–June 2020 = {{increase}} 1,000
<ref>{{cite web|title=Inhabitants Overview – Quarterly Data|url=http://www.statice.is/statistics/population/inhabitants/overview/|website=Statistics Iceland|accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref>

===Population projection===

<div style = "font-size: 98%;">
{|class = "wikitable" style = "clear: left; right: left; margin-right: 1em;"
|+colspan = "4"|Population projection (1 January)<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.statice.is/?PageID=1179&src=https://rannsokn.hagstofa.is/pxen/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=MAN09012%26ti=Population+projection+by+main+indicators+2013%2D2061++++++%26path=../Database/mannfjoldi/mannfjoldaspa2010/%26lang=1%26units=Fjöldi
|title = Population projection by main indicators 2013–2061
|publisher = [[Statistics Iceland]]
|location = Reykjavík, Iceland}}</ref>
|-
!Year
!Low
!Medium
!High
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2014
|colspan = "3"|{{ispop|2014}}
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2015
|colspan = "3"|332,529
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2020
|340,418
|342,716
|346,279
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2025
|352,280
|357,894
|365,893
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2030
|361,853
|371,796
|385,405
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2035
|369,888
|384,397
|404,053
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2040
|376,580
|395,866
|422,047
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2045
|381,846
|406,271
|439,756
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2050
|385,536
|415,627
|457,317
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2055
|387,489
|423,790
|474,561
|- style = "text-align: center;"
|2060
|387,597
|430,545
|490,976
|}
</div>

=== Life expectancy ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period
!Life expectancy in Years
!Period
!Life expectancy in Years
|-
|1950–1955
|72.2
|1985–1990
|77.6
|-
|1955–1960
|73.2
|1990–1995
|78.5
|-
|1960–1965
|73.5
|1995–2000
|79.1
|-
|1965–1970
|73.7
|2000–2005
|80.7
|-
|1970–1975
|74.2
|2005–2010
|81.4
|-
|1975–1980
|76.3
|2010–2015
|82.2
|-
|1980–1985
|76.9
|
|
|}
Source: ''UN World Population Prospects''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|accessdate=2017-07-15}}</ref>

== CIA World Factbook demographic statistics ==
The following demographic statistics are from the [[CIA World Factbook]], unless otherwise indicated.

;Age structure:
''0–14 years:''
20.4% (male 35,418/female 33,887) 
''15–24 years:''
13.5% (male 23,190/female 22,659) 
''25–54 years:''
39.88% (male 68,579/female 66,899) 
''55–64:''
11.81% (male 20,119/female 20,007) 
''65 years and over:''
14.42% (male 22,963/female 26,053) (2017 est.)

;Sex ratio:
''at birth:''
1.05 males: 1 female 
''under 15 years:''
1.05 males: 1 female

''15–24 years:''
1.03 males: 1 female

''25–54 years:''
1.02 males: 1 female 
''55–64 years:''
1.01 males: 1 female 
''65 years and over:''
0.88 males: 1 female 
''total population:''
1.01 male: 1 female
(2016 est.)

;Maternal mortality rate:
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

;Infant mortality rate:
2.1 deaths/1,000 live births
(2016 est.)

;Life expectancy at birth:
''total population:''
83.0 years 
''male:''
80.9 years 
''female:''
85.3 years
(2016 est.)

;Health expenditures:
8.9% of GDP (2014)

;Physicians density:
3.79 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

;Obesity{{snd}} adult prevalence rate:
23.9% (2014)

;Education expenditures:
7.8% of GDP (2013)

;Mother's mean age at first birth:
27.4 (2015 est.)

[[Image:COB data Iceland map-fr.svg|thumb|Citizenship of Iceland residents.{{Legend|#052f00|3 000 +}}{{Legend|#0f6f01|1 500-3 000}}{{Legend|#19bd04|750-1 500}}{{Legend|#18ff06|500-750}}]]
;Nationality:
''noun:''
Icelander(s) 
''adjective:''
Icelandic

;Ethnic groups:
94% Icelandic,
6% other

;Religions:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 69.9%, Roman Catholic 3.8%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.9%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 2%, Asatru Association 1.1%, The Independent Congregation 1%, other religions 4% (includes Zuist and Pentecostal), none 6.1%, other or unspecified 9.2% (2017 est.)

;Languages:
[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] ([[English language|English]] and a second Nordic language, [[Danish language|Danish]] by default, are also a part of the Icelandic [[compulsory education]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bella.mrn.stjr.is/utgafur/skolenska.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194106/http://bella.mrn.stjr.is/utgafur/skolenska.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2007|title=Wayback Machine|date=27 September 2007|website=Bella.mrn.stjr.is|accessdate=8 November 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.statice.is/ |title=Hagstofa Íslands |trans-title=Statistics Iceland |website=statice.is |postscript=none}}{{snd}} the national statistical institute of Iceland
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ic.html |title=ICELAND |work= [[The World Factbook]]}}
* [https://www.velferdarraduneyti.is/media/rit-og-skyrslur2012/Folksflutningar_03042012.pdf A 2012 report by the Ministry of Welfare on migration to and from Iceland 1961–2011].

{{Iceland topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Demographics of Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Iceland}}
[[Category:Demographics of Iceland| ]]

COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

2020-07-28T10:57:49Z

89.84.127.36:

{{Expand Norwegian|Norge under koronavirusutbruddet i 2020|date=May 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{short description|Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Norway}}
{{Infobox pandemic
| name = COVID-19 pandemic in Norway
| map1 = COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Norway by municipalities.png
| legend1 = {{center|{{small|Map of municipalities with confirmed coronavirus cases (red) and deaths (black) as of 2 July}}}}
| map2 =
| legend2 =
| disease = [[COVID-19]]
| virus_strain = [[SARS-CoV-2]]
| location = [[Norway]]
| first_case = [[Tromsø]]
| arrival_date = 26 February 2020 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=02|day1=26|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}} ago)
| early imports = [[Austria]] and [[Italy]]<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| recovery_cases = 8,752<ref name="WOMC">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en|publication-date=}}.</ref>
| deaths = 255<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| active_cases = 125
| confirmed_cases = 9,132<ref name="vg-counter">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vg.no/spesial/2020/corona-viruset/|title=Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og verden|first1=Av Sondre|last1=Nilsen|first2=Oda Leraan|last2=Skjetne|first3=Yasmin|last3=Sfrintzeris|first4=Hanna Haug|last4=Røset|first5=Carina|last5=Hunshamar|first6=Sofie|last6=Fraser|first7=Ole|last7=Løkkevik|first8=og VGs|last8=breaking-avdeling|website=VG Nett}}</ref>
| hospitalized_cases = 5<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| critical_cases = 2<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| ventilator_cases = 1<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| website = https://www.fhi.no/en/id/infectious-diseases/coronavirus/
}}

The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Norway''' is part of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of [[coronavirus disease 2019]] ({{nowrap|COVID-19}}) caused by [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). On 26 February 2020, the virus was confirmed to have spread to [[Norway]]. The number of cases increased rapidly during the month of March, thereby necessitating a number of safety measures aiming to achieve [[physical distancing]] to be introduced on 12 March. The first death attributed to COVID-19 was documented on the same day. Most confirmed cases that were traced to outside Norway were Norwegian tourists returning from [[COVID-19 pandemic in Austria|Austria]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftenposten.no/article/ap-9vdVnM.html|title=5. mars begynte varslene om koronasmittede skiturister å renne inn. Det tok ti dager før Østerrike stengte skiheisene.|first=Tor Arne|last=Andreassen |website=Aftenposten}}</ref> and [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|Italy]].<ref name="vg-counter"/>

{{As of|2020|07|26|post=,}} Norway has performed 420,528 tests and reported 9,111 confirmed cases and 255 deaths.<ref name="vg-counter"/>
A senior [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] consultant said one of the major reasons why the mortality rate was significantly lower than in other [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|European countries]] (such as [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|Italy]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Spain]], the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|UK]]) was the [[COVID-19 testing|high number of tests]] performed in Norway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Amundsen |first1=Bård |title=Very low mortality rate from coronavirus in Norway compared to other countries |url=https://sciencenorway.no/crisis-epidemic-mortality/very-low-mortality-rate-from-coronavirus-in-norway-compared-to-other-countries/1661751 |accessdate=28 March 2020 |publisher=sciencenorway |date=26 March 2020}}</ref>

== Background ==
On 12 January 2020, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) confirmed that a [[novel coronavirus]] was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.<ref name="Elsevier">{{cite web|url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center|last=Elsevier|date=|website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Reynolds4March2020">{{Cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Matt|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|title=What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?|date=4 March 2020|work=Wired UK|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|archive-date=5 March 2020|issn=1357-0978}}</ref>

Unlike [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS of 2003]], the [[Case fatality rate|case fatality ratio]] for COVID-19<ref name="Imperial13March2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus|website=Imperial News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England|last=|first=|date=|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> has been much lower, but the [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission]] has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.<ref name="WFSA">{{cite web|url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus |last=|first=|date= |website=wfsahq.org |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Imperial13March2020" />

==Timeline==
[[File:Rplot19-1.png|alt=|left|thumb|356x356px|Semi-log plot of [[COVID-19]] total cases, new cases and total deaths per-day in Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/sv/smittsomme-sykdommer/corona/dags--og-ukerapporter/dags--og-ukerapporter-om-koronavirus/|title=Dags- og ukerapporter om covid-19|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>]]

===February 2020===
On 26 February, [[Norway]] confirmed the first case of [[COVID-19]]. The [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] announced that someone tested positive for [[SARS-CoV-2]] after returning from China the previous week. The female patient was asymptomatic and in good health. She underwent a voluntary isolation at her home in Tromsø.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Updated: Norway announces first case of coronavirus|last=Staff|date=26 February 2020|url=https://www.thelocal.no/20200226/breaking-norway-announces-first-case-of-coronavirus|website=thelocal.no|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/en/news/2020/one-person-has-tested-positive-for-coronavirus/|title=One person has tested positive for coronavirus|website=Norwegian Institute of Public Health|language=en|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

On 27 February, the Norway Institute of Public Health announced that three more people were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Two of them lived in [[Oslo]] and were linked to the outbreak in Italy. The other lived in [[Bærum]] and was linked to the outbreak in Iran. All of them underwent a voluntary isolation at home.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/tre-nye-personer-har-testet-positivt-pa-koronavirus/|title=Tre nye personer har testet positivt på koronavirus|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

On 28 February, an individual from [[Bergen]] and an employee of [[Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål]], tested positive and were placed in home isolation. Both had visited Northern Italy.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/vestland/over-hundre-kan-ha-hatt-kontakt-med-koronasmittet-ulleval-ansatt-1.14922358|title=Over hundre kan ha hatt kontakt med koronasmittet Ullevål-ansatt|last=Olsson|first=Svein Vestrum|date=28 February 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/ytterligere-to-personer-har-testet-positivt-pa-koronavirus/|title=Ytterligere to personer har testet positivt på koronavirus|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> 6 cases were confirmed in the country on the day.<ref name=":24" /> On 29 February, there were 15 confirmed cases in Norway.<ref name=":24" />

===March 2020===
By 1 March, a total of 19 cases were confirmed. Bjørn Atle Bjørnbeth, the Chief of the Ullevål hospital in Oslo, informed that there are potentially over 100 people who came in contact with an infected staff member.<ref>{{cite web |title=Updated figures on the number of infected with coronavirus in Norway |url=https://www.fhi.no/en/news/2020/updated-figures-on-the-number-of-infected-with-coronavirus-in-norway/ |website=Norwegian Institute of Public Health |accessdate=1 March 2020 |language=en |date=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunshamar|first1=Carina|last2=Sfrintzeris|first2=Yasmin|last3=Eggum Myrvang|first3=Synne|date=29 February 2020|title=Totalt 15 corona-smittede i Norge|trans-title=A total of 15 corona-infected in Norway|url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/Admaoq/totalt-15-corona-smittede-i-norge|language=Norwegian|work=[[Verdens Gang]]|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>

On 3 March, there were 25 confirmed cases in Norway, with 5 from Vestland. An employee at the kjøpesenteret Horisont in Åsane is confirmed to have been infected by the virus, says center manager Lise Færøvik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.no/article/bt-3Jd0RL.html|title=Koronautbruddet direkte|website=bt.no|language=nb|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> Until this time, most cases are imported from Italy, and none of the cases are seriously ill thus all self-quarantined at home. A worst case is evaluated with a quarter of the Norwegian population infected, and measures are being taken by the governments to handle 1 million people.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

On 4 March, there were 56 confirmed cases in Norway, all of which are linked to known outbreaks abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/antall-smittede-med-koronavirus-i-norge/|title=Antall smittede med koronavirus i Norge|last=|first=|date=|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> So far only some few of those have been infected in Norway (notably 5 cases in one department of the Ullevål hospital, infected by a colleague who had been to Italy).{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

By 10 March, the number of confirmed cases in Norway had spiked to 400, and a rising number of those cases could not be traced to foreign travel or any known person infected, indicating community transmission had started in Norway.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vg.no/spesial/2020/corona-viruset|title=Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og Verden |work=vg.no |language=nb-NO |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

On 12 March, a national lockdown was announced, effective from 18:00 the same day. For two weeks, schools, kindergartens, fitness centres, hair salons etc. were closed. Sports and cultural events and gatherings were banned and restrictions applied to restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/alle-utdanningsinstitusjoner-stenges-_-flere-arrangementer-og-virksomheter-far-forbud-1.14940952|title=Alle utdanningsinstitusjoner stenges – flere arrangementer og virksomheter får forbud|last=Kalajdzic|first=Pedja|date=12 March 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> These measures were in line with the those introduced in other European countries such as Denmark and Italy. The same day Norway had its first death due to the COVID-19 virus. The victim was an elderly person who died at [[Oslo University Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/forste-koronadodsfall-i-norge-1.14941788|title=Første koronadødsfall i Norge|last=Olsson|first=Svein Vestrum|date=12 March 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>

As of 13 March, Norway introduced a ban on visits to Norway through Oslo airport. Norwegian and Nordic citizens, foreign residents in Norway and people continuing to another country are allowed anyway. Other people are dismissed and sent home as soon as possible and put in quarantine until then.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ullensaker.kommune.no/aktuelt/nye-restriksjoner-for-reisende-pa-oslo-lufthavn/ |title=Nye restriksjoner for reisende på Oslo lufthavn |author= |date=16 March 2020 |website= |publisher=Ullensaker kommune |access-date=16 March 2020 |quote= |language=Norwegian |trans-title=New restrictions for travelers at Oslo Airport}}</ref>
On 16 March this was extended to all borders of Norway and Nordic non-Norwegian citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://avinor.no/en/information-in-connection-with-the-coronavirus-covid-19/ |title=Information in Connection with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) |author= |date=16 March 2020 |website= |publisher=Avinor |access-date=16 March 2020 |quote= From Monday, March 16 at 8:00 a.m. the Government will be closing the border to foreign nationals who lack a residence permit in Norway. }}</ref> Domestic travel continues without any restriction. On 14 March, the second and third deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/oslo-universitetssykehus-bekrefter-nytt-koronadodsfall-1.14944649 |title=Død på sykehjem etter korona-smitte - ytterligere to smittet |language=Norwegian |work=nrk.no |date=14 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

===April 2020===
On 6 April, the Norwegian Health Minister announced that the outbreak was "under control" and that the [[reproduction rate]] of Sars-CoV-2 had dwindled to 0.7 in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 outbreak under control in Norway, health minister says |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/europe/covid-19-outbreak-under-control-in-norway-health-minister-says |accessdate=6 April 2020 |work=Daily Sabah |agency=AFP |date=6 April 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Ladekaia during covid19.jpg|thumb|Some restaurants (like Ladekaia in Trondheim) are open in April 2020, but the number of patrons allowed inside is limited and every other table is closed to enforce minimum distance between customers.]]

==Prevention measures and response==
The Norwegian Directorate of Health introduced a number of measures from Thursday 12 March 2020:<ref name="Sammendrag: Koronavirus">{{cite web |title=Sammendrag: Koronavirus / Summary: Corona virus |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/koronaviruset-1.14874108 |website=NRK.no |publisher=Norsk rikskringkasting / Norwegian national broadcasting |accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref>

*All educational institutions were closed and organized sports activities were to be discontinued.
*A number of events and businesses were closed, including cultural events, sports events, gyms and swimming pools. All establishments in the hospitality industry such as bars, pubs and clubs other than those serving food were to close, and any establishment serving food would have to ensure that visitors could stay at least 1 meter apart.
*Healthcare professionals working with patient care were prohibited from traveling abroad until 20 April 2020. The ban applied to both business travel and private travel.
*Everyone who had returned from trips outside Sweden and Finland since 27 February were to quarantine, regardless of whether they showed symptoms or not.
*Leisure travel was strongly discouraged. The Directorate discouraged travelling to work unless strictly necessary and encouraged avoiding public transport if possible, as well as avoiding crowded places.
*People were requested not to visit others in institutions with vulnerable groups (the elderly, psychiatry, prison etc.) and generally encouraged to limiting close contact with others.
*The public transport schedule was to run as normal, to ensure that people with critical social functions could get to and from work and be able to distance themselves from each other.

On 16 March, non-residents were banned from entering Norway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikel |first1=David |title=Norway Closes All Airports To Foreigners As Coronavirus Cases Mount |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2020/03/14/norway-closes-all-airports-to-foreigners-as-coronavirus-cases-mount/#7788c2f31913 |accessdate=21 March 2020 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

As of 19 March, residents were prohibited from staying in cabins outside their home municipalities, in order to avoid putting strain on rural medical infrastructure. People suspected or confirmed to be infected must follow stricter home isolation rules. The government established fines for people violating home quarantine and home isolation rules or organizing events.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikel |first1=David |title=Norway Hands Out $2,000 Fines Or Jail For Ignoring Coronavirus Quarantine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2020/03/17/norway-hands-out-2000-fines-or-jail-for-ignoring-coronavirus-quarantine/ |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

===Economic policy===
Many institutions were closed in order to fight the outbreak, which led to increased unemployment. [[Norges Bank]] first cut the national [[prime rate]] by a half point to 1.0% on 13 March, and the following week cut the prime rate again down to 0.25%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Norway's central bank cuts rates again to curb virus hit |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/20/norway-central-bank-cuts-key-rate-to-0point25percent-from-1percent-in-emergency-move.html |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=CNBC |date=20 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Media coverage==
{{Empty section|date=June 2020}}

==Statistics==
[[File:ERplot19.png|alt=|thumb|462x462px|Growth trajectory of cases in Norway. [[Exponential growth]] (black line, doubling every day), cases data from FHI (blue points), fitted line for case data (red line).]]
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases}}

{{Graph:Chart
|width=800
|colors=#F46D43
|showValues=
|xAxisTitle=Date
|xAxisAngle=-40
|type=rect
|x=26 Feb, 27 Feb, 28 Feb, 29 Feb, 1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar, 11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar, 19 Mar, 20 Mar, 21 Mar, 22 Mar, 23 Mar, 24 Mar, 25 Mar, 26 Mar, 27 Mar, 28 Mar, 29 Mar, 30 Mar, 31 Mar, 1 Apr, 2 Apr, 3 Apr, 4 Apr, 5 Apr, 6 Apr, 7 Apr, 8 Apr, 9 Apr , 10 Apr, 11 Apr, 12 Apr, 13 Apr, 14 Apr, 15 Apr, 16 Apr, 17 Apr, 18 Apr, 19 Apr, 20 Apr, 21 Apr, 22 Apr, 23 Apr, 24 Apr, 25 Apr, 26 Apr, 27 Apr, 28 Apr, 29 Apr, 30 Apr, 1 May, 2 May, 3 May, 4 May, 5 May, 6 May, 7 May, 8 May, 9 May, 10 May, 11 May, 12 May, 13 May, 14 May, 15 May, 16 May, 17 May, 18 May, 19 May, 20 May, 21 May, 22 May, 23 May, 24 May, 25 May,
yAxisTitle=No. of new cases
|legend=Legend
|y1= 1, 3, 2, 8, 4, 6, 8, 21, 30, 27, 34, 22, 23, 85, 212, 132, 131, 156, 166, 92, 139, 115, 129, 190, 184, 206, 240, 196, 264, 240, 425, 264, 257, 124, 221, 207, 282, 272, 301, 130, 115, 108, 147, 150, 84, 76, 95, 73, 78, 111, 114, 100, 93, 84, 45, 53, 84, 95, 63, 59, 38, 28, 72, 62, 43, 73, 26, 38, 58, 50, 41, 38, 36, 29, 3, 4, 46, 23, 21, 23, 18, 12, 8, 10, 14, 20, 30, 15, 0, 6,
|y1Title=New cases per day,
|yGrid= |xGrid=
}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases chart}}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{Portal bar|COVID-19|Norway|Medicine|Viruses}}

[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Norway| ]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Norway]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|Norway]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in Norway]]
[[Category:2020 in Norway]]

COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

2020-07-09T22:34:37Z

89.84.127.36:

{{Expand Norwegian|Norge under koronavirusutbruddet i 2020|date=May 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{short description|Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Norway}}
{{Infobox pandemic
| name = COVID-19 pandemic in Norway
| map1 = COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Norway by municipalities.png
| legend1 = {{center|{{small|Map of municipalities with confirmed coronavirus cases (red) and deaths (black) as of 2 July}}}}
| map2 =
| legend2 =
| disease = [[COVID-19]]
| virus_strain = [[SARS-CoV-2]]
| location = [[Norway]]
| first_case = [[Tromsø]]
| arrival_date = 26 February 2020 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=02|day1=26|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}} ago)
| early imports = [[Austria]] and [[Italy]]<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| recovery_cases = 8,138<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| deaths = 252<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| active_cases = 575
| confirmed_cases = 8,965<ref name="vg-counter">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vg.no/spesial/2020/corona-viruset/|title=Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og verden|first1=Av Sondre|last1=Nilsen|first2=Oda Leraan|last2=Skjetne|first3=Yasmin|last3=Sfrintzeris|first4=Hanna Haug|last4=Røset|first5=Carina|last5=Hunshamar|first6=Sofie|last6=Fraser|first7=Ole|last7=Løkkevik|first8=og VGs|last8=breaking-avdeling|website=VG Nett}}</ref>
| website =
| Severe cases = 3
| Hospitalized cases = 7
}}

The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Norway''' is part of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of [[coronavirus disease 2019]] ({{nowrap|COVID-19}}) caused by [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). On 26 February 2020, the virus was confirmed to have spread to [[Norway]]. The number of cases increased rapidly during the month of March, thereby necessitating a number of safety measures aiming to achieve [[physical distancing]] to be introduced on 12 March. The first death attributed to COVID-19 was documented on the same day. Most confirmed cases that were traced to outside Norway were Norwegian tourists returning from [[COVID-19 pandemic in Austria|Austria]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftenposten.no/article/ap-9vdVnM.html|title=5. mars begynte varslene om koronasmittede skiturister å renne inn. Det tok ti dager før Østerrike stengte skiheisene.|first=Tor Arne|last=Andreassen |website=Aftenposten}}</ref> and [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|Italy]].<ref name="vg-counter"/>

{{As of|2020|06|09|post=,}} Norway has performed 264,390 tests and reported 8,567 confirmed cases and 239 deaths.<ref name="vg-counter"/>
A senior [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] consultant said one of the major reasons why the mortality rate was significantly lower than in other [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|European countries]] (such as [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|Italy]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Spain]], the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|UK]]) was the [[COVID-19 testing|high number of tests]] performed in Norway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Amundsen |first1=Bård |title=Very low mortality rate from coronavirus in Norway compared to other countries |url=https://sciencenorway.no/crisis-epidemic-mortality/very-low-mortality-rate-from-coronavirus-in-norway-compared-to-other-countries/1661751 |accessdate=28 March 2020 |publisher=sciencenorway |date=26 March 2020}}</ref>

== Background ==
On 12 January, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) confirmed that a [[novel coronavirus]] was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.<ref name="Elsevier">{{cite web|url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center|last=Elsevier|date=|website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Reynolds4March2020">{{Cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Matt|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|title=What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?|date=4 March 2020|work=Wired UK|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|archive-date=5 March 2020|issn=1357-0978}}</ref>

Unlike [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS of 2003]], the [[Case fatality rate|case fatality ratio]] for COVID-19 <ref name="Imperial13March2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus|website=Imperial News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England|last=|first=|date=|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> has been much lower, but the [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission]] has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.<ref name="WFSA">{{cite web|url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus |last=|first=|date= |website=wfsahq.org |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Imperial13March2020" />

==Timeline==
[[File:Rplot19-1.png|alt=|left|thumb|356x356px|Semi-log plot of [[COVID-19]] total cases, new cases and total deaths per-day in Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/sv/smittsomme-sykdommer/corona/dags--og-ukerapporter/dags--og-ukerapporter-om-koronavirus/|title=Dags- og ukerapporter om covid-19|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>]]

===February 2020===
On 26 February, [[Norway]] confirmed the first case of [[COVID-19]]. The [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] announced that someone tested positive for [[SARS-CoV-2]] after returning from China the previous week. The female patient was asymptomatic and in good health. She underwent a voluntary isolation at her home in Tromsø.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Updated: Norway announces first case of coronavirus|last=Staff|date=26 February 2020|url=https://www.thelocal.no/20200226/breaking-norway-announces-first-case-of-coronavirus|website=thelocal.no|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/en/news/2020/one-person-has-tested-positive-for-coronavirus/|title=One person has tested positive for coronavirus|website=Norwegian Institute of Public Health|language=en|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

On 27 February, the Norway Institute of Public Health announced that three more people were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Two of them lived in [[Oslo]] and were linked to the outbreak in Italy. The other lived in [[Bærum]] and was linked to the outbreak in Iran. All of them underwent a voluntary isolation at home.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/tre-nye-personer-har-testet-positivt-pa-koronavirus/|title=Tre nye personer har testet positivt på koronavirus|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

On 28 February, an individual from [[Bergen]] and an employee of [[Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål]], tested positive and were placed in home isolation. Both had visited Northern Italy.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/vestland/over-hundre-kan-ha-hatt-kontakt-med-koronasmittet-ulleval-ansatt-1.14922358|title=Over hundre kan ha hatt kontakt med koronasmittet Ullevål-ansatt|last=Olsson|first=Svein Vestrum|date=28 February 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/ytterligere-to-personer-har-testet-positivt-pa-koronavirus/|title=Ytterligere to personer har testet positivt på koronavirus|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> 6 cases were confirmed in the country on the day.<ref name=":24" /> On 29 February, there were 15 confirmed cases in Norway.<ref name=":24" />

===March 2020===
By 1 March, a total of 19 cases were confirmed. Bjørn Atle Bjørnbeth, the Chief of the Ullevål hospital in Oslo, informed that there are potentially over 100 people who came in contact with an infected staff member.<ref>{{cite web |title=Updated figures on the number of infected with coronavirus in Norway |url=https://www.fhi.no/en/news/2020/updated-figures-on-the-number-of-infected-with-coronavirus-in-norway/ |website=Norwegian Institute of Public Health |accessdate=1 March 2020 |language=en |date=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunshamar|first1=Carina|last2=Sfrintzeris|first2=Yasmin|last3=Eggum Myrvang|first3=Synne|date=29 February 2020|title=Totalt 15 corona-smittede i Norge|trans-title=A total of 15 corona-infected in Norway|url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/Admaoq/totalt-15-corona-smittede-i-norge|language=Norwegian|work=[[Verdens Gang]]|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>

On 3 March, there were 25 confirmed cases in Norway, with 5 from Vestland. An employee at the kjøpesenteret Horisont in Åsane is confirmed to have been infected by the virus, says center manager Lise Færøvik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.no/article/bt-3Jd0RL.html|title=Koronautbruddet direkte|website=bt.no|language=nb|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> Until this time, most cases are imported from Italy, and none of the cases are seriously ill thus all self-quarantined at home. A worst case is evaluated with a quarter of the Norwegian population infected, and measures are being taken by the governments to handle 1 million people.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

On 4 March, there were 56 confirmed cases in Norway, all of which are linked to known outbreaks abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/antall-smittede-med-koronavirus-i-norge/|title=Antall smittede med koronavirus i Norge|last=|first=|date=|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> So far only some few of those have been infected in Norway (notably 5 cases in one department of the Ullevål hospital, infected by a colleague who had been to Italy).{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

By 10 March, the number of confirmed cases in Norway had spiked to 400, and a rising number of those cases could not be traced to foreign travel or any known person infected, indicating community transmission had started in Norway.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vg.no/spesial/2020/corona-viruset|title=Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og Verden |work=vg.no |language=nb-NO |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

On 12 March, a national lockdown was announced, effective from 18:00 the same day. For two weeks, schools, kindergartens, fitness centres, hair salons etc. are closed. Sports and cultural events and gatherings are banned and restrictions apply to restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/alle-utdanningsinstitusjoner-stenges-_-flere-arrangementer-og-virksomheter-far-forbud-1.14940952|title=Alle utdanningsinstitusjoner stenges – flere arrangementer og virksomheter får forbud|last=Kalajdzic|first=Pedja|date=2020-03-12|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> These measures are in line with the those introduced in other European countries such as Denmark and Italy. The same day Norway had its first death due to the COVID-19 virus. The victim was an elderly person who died at [[Oslo University Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/forste-koronadodsfall-i-norge-1.14941788|title=Første koronadødsfall i Norge|last=Olsson|first=Svein Vestrum|date=2020-03-12|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref>

As of 13 March, Norway introduced a ban on visits to Norway through Oslo airport. Norwegian and Nordic citizens, foreign residents in Norway and people continuing to another country are allowed anyway. Other people are dismissed and sent home as soon as possible and put in quarantine until then.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ullensaker.kommune.no/aktuelt/nye-restriksjoner-for-reisende-pa-oslo-lufthavn/ |title=Nye restriksjoner for reisende på Oslo lufthavn |author= |date=2020-03-16 |website= |publisher=Ullensaker kommune |access-date=2020-03-16 |quote= |language=Norwegian |trans-title=New restrictions for travelers at Oslo Airport}}</ref>
On 16 March this was extended to all borders of Norway and Nordic non-Norwegian citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://avinor.no/en/information-in-connection-with-the-coronavirus-covid-19/ |title=Information in Connection with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) |author= |date=2020-03-16 |website= |publisher=Avinor |access-date=2020-03-16 |quote= From Monday, March 16 at 8:00 a.m. the Government will be closing the border to foreign nationals who lack a residence permit in Norway. }}</ref> Domestic travel continues without any restriction. On 14 March, the second and third deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/oslo-universitetssykehus-bekrefter-nytt-koronadodsfall-1.14944649 |title=Død på sykehjem etter korona-smitte - ytterligere to smittet |language=Norwegian |work=nrk.no |date=14 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

===April 2020===
On 6 April, the Norwegian Health Minister announced that the outbreak was "under control" and that the reproduction rate of Sars-CoV-2 had dwindled to 0.7 in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 outbreak under control in Norway, health minister says |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/europe/covid-19-outbreak-under-control-in-norway-health-minister-says |accessdate=6 April 2020 |work=Daily Sabah |agency=AFP |date=6 April 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Ladekaia during covid19.jpg|thumb|Some restaurants (like Ladekaia in Trondheim) are open in April 2020, but the number of patrons allowed inside is limited and every other table is closed to enforce minimum distance between customers.]]

==Prevention measures and response==
The Norwegian Directorate of Health introduced a number of measures from Thursday 12 March 2020:<ref name="Sammendrag: Koronavirus">{{cite web |title=Sammendrag: Koronavirus / Summary: Corona virus |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/koronaviruset-1.14874108 |website=NRK.no |publisher=Norsk rikskringkasting / Norwegian national broadcasting |accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref>

*All educational institutions were closed and organized sports activities were to be discontinued.
*A number of events and businesses were closed, including cultural events, sports events, gyms and swimming pools. All establishments in the hospitality industry such as bars, pubs and clubs other than those serving food were to close, and any establishment serving food would have to ensure that visitors could stay at least 1 meter apart.
*Healthcare professionals working with patient care were prohibited from traveling abroad until 20 April 2020. The ban applied to both business travel and private travel.
*Everyone who had returned from trips outside Sweden and Finland since 27 February were to quarantine, regardless of whether they showed symptoms or not.
*Leisure travel was strongly discouraged. The Directorate discouraged travelling to work unless strictly necessary and encouraged avoiding public transport if possible, as well as avoiding crowded places.
*People were requested not to visit others in institutions with vulnerable groups (the elderly, psychiatry, prison etc.) and generally encouraged to limiting close contact with others.
*The public transport schedule was to run as normal, to ensure that people with critical social functions could get to and from work and be able to distance themselves from each other.

On 16 March, non-residents were banned from entering Norway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikel |first1=David |title=Norway Closes All Airports To Foreigners As Coronavirus Cases Mount |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2020/03/14/norway-closes-all-airports-to-foreigners-as-coronavirus-cases-mount/#7788c2f31913 |accessdate=21 March 2020 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

As of 19 March, residents were prohibited from staying in cabins outside their home municipalities, in order to avoid putting strain on rural medical infrastructure. People suspected or confirmed to be infected must follow stricter home isolation rules. The government established fines for people violating home quarantine and home isolation rules or organizing events.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikel |first1=David |title=Norway Hands Out $2,000 Fines Or Jail For Ignoring Coronavirus Quarantine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2020/03/17/norway-hands-out-2000-fines-or-jail-for-ignoring-coronavirus-quarantine/ |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

===Economic policy===
Many institutions were closed in order to fight the outbreak, which led to increased unemployment. [[Norges Bank]] first cut the national [[prime rate]] by a half point to 1.0% on March 13, and the following week cut the prime rate again down to 0.25%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Norway's central bank cuts rates again to curb virus hit |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/20/norway-central-bank-cuts-key-rate-to-0point25percent-from-1percent-in-emergency-move.html |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=CNBC |date=20 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Media coverage==
{{Empty section|date=June 2020}}

==Statistics==
[[File:ERplot19.png|alt=|thumb|462x462px|Growth trajectory of cases in Norway. [[Exponential growth]] (black line, doubling every day), cases data from FHI (blue points), fitted line for case data (red line).]]
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases}}

{{Graph:Chart
|width=800
|colors=#F46D43
|showValues=
|xAxisTitle=Date
|xAxisAngle=-40
|type=rect
|x=26 Feb, 27 Feb, 28 Feb, 29 Feb, 1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar, 11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar, 19 Mar, 20 Mar, 21 Mar, 22 Mar, 23 Mar, 24 Mar, 25 Mar, 26 Mar, 27 Mar, 28 Mar, 29 Mar, 30 Mar, 31 Mar, 1 Apr, 2 Apr, 3 Apr, 4 Apr, 5 Apr, 6 Apr, 7 Apr, 8 Apr, 9 Apr , 10 Apr, 11 Apr, 12 Apr, 13 Apr, 14 Apr, 15 Apr, 16 Apr, 17 Apr, 18 Apr, 19 Apr, 20 Apr, 21 Apr, 22 Apr, 23 Apr, 24 Apr, 25 Apr, 26 Apr, 27 Apr, 28 Apr, 29 Apr, 30 Apr, 1 May, 2 May, 3 May, 4 May, 5 May, 6 May, 7 May, 8 May, 9 May, 10 May, 11 May, 12 May, 13 May, 14 May, 15 May, 16 May, 17 May, 18 May, 19 May, 20 May, 21 May, 22 May, 23 May, 24 May, 25 May,
yAxisTitle=No. of new cases
|legend=Legend
|y1= 1, 3, 2, 8, 4, 6, 8, 21, 30, 27, 34, 22, 23, 85, 212, 132, 131, 156, 166, 92, 139, 115, 129, 190, 184, 206, 240, 196, 264, 240, 425, 264, 257, 124, 221, 207, 282, 272, 301, 130, 115, 108, 147, 150, 84, 76, 95, 73, 78, 111, 114, 100, 93, 84, 45, 53, 84, 95, 63, 59, 38, 28, 72, 62, 43, 73, 26, 38, 58, 50, 41, 38, 36, 29, 3, 4, 46, 23, 21, 23, 18, 12, 8, 10, 14, 20, 30, 15, 0, 6,
|y1Title=New cases per day,
|yGrid= |xGrid=
}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases chart}}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{COVID-19}}
{{Portal bar|COVID-19|Norway|Medicine|Viruses}}

[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Norway| ]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Norway]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|Norway]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in Norway]]
[[Category:2020 in Norway]]

COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

2020-07-03T22:32:37Z

89.84.127.36:

{{Expand Norwegian|Norge under koronavirusutbruddet i 2020|date=May 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{short description|Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Norway}}
{{Infobox pandemic
| name = COVID-19 pandemic in Norway
| map1 = COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Norway by municipalities.png
| legend1 = {{center|{{small|Map of municipalities with confirmed coronavirus cases (red) and deaths (black) as of 2 July}}}}
| map2 =
| legend2 =
| disease = [[COVID-19]]
| virus_strain = [[SARS-CoV-2]]
| location = [[Norway]]
| first_case = [[Tromsø]]
| arrival_date = 26 February 2020 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=02|day1=26|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}} ago)
| early imports = [[Austria]] and [[Italy]]<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| recovery_cases = 8,138<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| deaths = 251<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| active_cases = 532
| confirmed_cases = 8,921<ref name="vg-counter">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vg.no/spesial/2020/corona-viruset/|title=Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og verden|first1=Av Sondre|last1=Nilsen|first2=Oda Leraan|last2=Skjetne|first3=Yasmin|last3=Sfrintzeris|first4=Hanna Haug|last4=Røset|first5=Carina|last5=Hunshamar|first6=Sofie|last6=Fraser|first7=Ole|last7=Løkkevik|first8=og VGs|last8=breaking-avdeling|website=VG Nett}}</ref>
| website =
| Severe cases = 5<ref name="vg-counter"/>
| Hospitalized cases = 15<ref name="vg-counter"/>
}}

The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Norway''' is part of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of [[coronavirus disease 2019]] ({{nowrap|COVID-19}}) caused by [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). On 26 February 2020, the virus was confirmed to have spread to [[Norway]]. The number of cases increased rapidly during the month of March, thereby necessitating a number of safety measures aiming to achieve [[physical distancing]] to be introduced on 12 March. The first death attributed to COVID-19 was documented on the same day. Most confirmed cases that were traced to outside Norway were Norwegian tourists returning from [[COVID-19 pandemic in Austria|Austria]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftenposten.no/article/ap-9vdVnM.html|title=5. mars begynte varslene om koronasmittede skiturister å renne inn. Det tok ti dager før Østerrike stengte skiheisene.|first=Tor Arne|last=Andreassen |website=Aftenposten}}</ref> and [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|Italy]].<ref name="vg-counter"/>

{{As of|2020|06|09|post=,}} Norway has performed 264,390 tests and reported 8,567 confirmed cases and 239 deaths.<ref name="vg-counter"/>
A senior [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] consultant said one of the major reasons why the mortality rate was significantly lower than in other [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|European countries]] (such as [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|Italy]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Spain]], the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|UK]]) was the [[COVID-19 testing|high number of tests]] performed in Norway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Amundsen |first1=Bård |title=Very low mortality rate from coronavirus in Norway compared to other countries |url=https://sciencenorway.no/crisis-epidemic-mortality/very-low-mortality-rate-from-coronavirus-in-norway-compared-to-other-countries/1661751 |accessdate=28 March 2020 |publisher=sciencenorway |date=26 March 2020}}</ref>

== Background ==
On 12 January, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) confirmed that a [[novel coronavirus]] was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.<ref name="Elsevier">{{cite web|url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center|last=Elsevier|date=|website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Reynolds4March2020">{{Cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Matt|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|title=What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?|date=4 March 2020|work=Wired UK|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|archive-date=5 March 2020|issn=1357-0978}}</ref>

Unlike [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS of 2003]], the [[Case fatality rate|case fatality ratio]] for COVID-19 <ref name="Imperial13March2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus|website=Imperial News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England|last=|first=|date=|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> has been much lower, but the [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission]] has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.<ref name="WFSA">{{cite web|url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus |last=|first=|date= |website=wfsahq.org |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Imperial13March2020" />

==Timeline==
[[File:Rplot19-1.png|alt=|left|thumb|356x356px|Semi-log plot of [[COVID-19]] total cases, new cases and total deaths per-day in Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/sv/smittsomme-sykdommer/corona/dags--og-ukerapporter/dags--og-ukerapporter-om-koronavirus/|title=Dags- og ukerapporter om covid-19|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>]]

===February 2020===
On 26 February, [[Norway]] confirmed the first case of [[COVID-19]]. The [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health]] announced that someone tested positive for [[SARS-CoV-2]] after returning from China the previous week. The female patient was asymptomatic and in good health. She underwent a voluntary isolation at her home in Tromsø.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Updated: Norway announces first case of coronavirus|last=Staff|date=26 February 2020|url=https://www.thelocal.no/20200226/breaking-norway-announces-first-case-of-coronavirus|website=thelocal.no|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/en/news/2020/one-person-has-tested-positive-for-coronavirus/|title=One person has tested positive for coronavirus|website=Norwegian Institute of Public Health|language=en|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

On 27 February, the Norway Institute of Public Health announced that three more people were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Two of them lived in [[Oslo]] and were linked to the outbreak in Italy. The other lived in [[Bærum]] and was linked to the outbreak in Iran. All of them underwent a voluntary isolation at home.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/tre-nye-personer-har-testet-positivt-pa-koronavirus/|title=Tre nye personer har testet positivt på koronavirus|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

On 28 February, an individual from [[Bergen]] and an employee of [[Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål]], tested positive and were placed in home isolation. Both had visited Northern Italy.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/vestland/over-hundre-kan-ha-hatt-kontakt-med-koronasmittet-ulleval-ansatt-1.14922358|title=Over hundre kan ha hatt kontakt med koronasmittet Ullevål-ansatt|last=Olsson|first=Svein Vestrum|date=28 February 2020|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/ytterligere-to-personer-har-testet-positivt-pa-koronavirus/|title=Ytterligere to personer har testet positivt på koronavirus|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> 6 cases were confirmed in the country on the day.<ref name=":24" /> On 29 February, there were 15 confirmed cases in Norway.<ref name=":24" />

===March 2020===
By Sunday, 1 March, a total of 19 cases were confirmed. Bjørn Atle Bjørnbeth, the Chief of the Ullevål hospital in Oslo, informed that there are potentially over 100 people who came in contact with an infected staff member.<ref>{{cite web |title=Updated figures on the number of infected with coronavirus in Norway |url=https://www.fhi.no/en/news/2020/updated-figures-on-the-number-of-infected-with-coronavirus-in-norway/ |website=Norwegian Institute of Public Health |accessdate=1 March 2020 |language=en |date=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunshamar|first1=Carina|last2=Sfrintzeris|first2=Yasmin|last3=Eggum Myrvang|first3=Synne|date=29 February 2020|title=Totalt 15 corona-smittede i Norge|trans-title=A total of 15 corona-infected in Norway|url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/Admaoq/totalt-15-corona-smittede-i-norge|language=Norwegian|work=[[Verdens Gang]]|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>

On 3 March there were 25 confirmed cases in Norway, with 5 from Vestland. An employee at the kjøpesenteret Horisont in Åsane is confirmed to have been infected by the virus, says center manager Lise Færøvik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.no/article/bt-3Jd0RL.html|title=Koronautbruddet direkte|website=bt.no|language=nb|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> Until this time, most cases are imported from Italy, and none of the cases are seriously ill thus all self-quarantined at home. A worst case is evaluated with a quarter of the Norwegian population infected, and measures are being taken by the governments to handle 1 million people.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

On 4 March, there were 56 confirmed cases in Norway, all of which are linked to known outbreaks abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhi.no/nyheter/2020/antall-smittede-med-koronavirus-i-norge/|title=Antall smittede med koronavirus i Norge|last=|first=|date=|website=Folkehelseinstituttet|language=no|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> So far only some few of those have been infected in Norway (notably 5 cases in one department of the Ullevål hospital, infected by a colleague who had been to Italy).{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

By 10 March, the number of confirmed cases in Norway had spiked to 400, and a rising number of those cases could not be traced to foreign travel or any known person infected, indicating community transmission had started in Norway.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vg.no/spesial/2020/corona-viruset|title=Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og Verden |work=vg.no |language=nb-NO |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

On 12 March, a national lockdown was announced, effective from 18:00 the same day. For two weeks, schools, kindergartens, fitness centres, hair salons etc. are closed. Sports and cultural events and gatherings are banned and restrictions apply to restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/alle-utdanningsinstitusjoner-stenges-_-flere-arrangementer-og-virksomheter-far-forbud-1.14940952|title=Alle utdanningsinstitusjoner stenges – flere arrangementer og virksomheter får forbud|last=Kalajdzic|first=Pedja|date=2020-03-12|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> These measures are in line with the those introduced in other European countries such as Denmark and Italy. The same day Norway had its first death due to the COVID-19 virus. The victim was an elderly person who died at [[Oslo University Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/forste-koronadodsfall-i-norge-1.14941788|title=Første koronadødsfall i Norge|last=Olsson|first=Svein Vestrum|date=2020-03-12|website=NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref>

As of 13 March, Norway introduced a ban on visits to Norway through Oslo airport. Norwegian and Nordic citizens, foreign residents in Norway and people continuing to another country are allowed anyway. Other people are dismissed and sent home as soon as possible and put in quarantine until then.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ullensaker.kommune.no/aktuelt/nye-restriksjoner-for-reisende-pa-oslo-lufthavn/ |title=Nye restriksjoner for reisende på Oslo lufthavn |author= |date=2020-03-16 |website= |publisher=Ullensaker kommune |access-date=2020-03-16 |quote= |language=Norwegian |trans-title=New restrictions for travelers at Oslo Airport}}</ref>
On 16 March this was extended to all borders of Norway and Nordic non-Norwegian citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://avinor.no/en/information-in-connection-with-the-coronavirus-covid-19/ |title=Information in Connection with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) |author= |date=2020-03-16 |website= |publisher=Avinor |access-date=2020-03-16 |quote= From Monday, March 16 at 8:00 a.m. the Government will be closing the border to foreign nationals who lack a residence permit in Norway. }}</ref> Domestic travel continues without any restriction. On 14 March, the second and third deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/oslo-universitetssykehus-bekrefter-nytt-koronadodsfall-1.14944649 |title=Død på sykehjem etter korona-smitte - ytterligere to smittet |language=Norwegian |work=nrk.no |date=14 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

===April 2020===
On 6 April, the Norwegian Health Minister announced that the outbreak was "under control" and that the reproduction rate of Sars-CoV-2 had dwindled to 0.7 in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 outbreak under control in Norway, health minister says |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/europe/covid-19-outbreak-under-control-in-norway-health-minister-says |accessdate=6 April 2020 |work=Daily Sabah |agency=AFP |date=6 April 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Ladekaia during covid19.jpg|thumb|Some restaurants (like Ladekaia in Trondheim) are open in April 2020, but the number of patrons allowed inside is limited and every other table is closed to enforce minimum distance between customers.]]

===May 2020===

==Prevention measures and response==
The Norwegian Directorate of Health introduced a number of measures from Thursday 12 March 2020:<ref name="Sammendrag: Koronavirus">{{cite web |title=Sammendrag: Koronavirus / Summary: Corona virus |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/koronaviruset-1.14874108 |website=NRK.no |publisher=Norsk rikskringkasting / Norwegian national broadcasting |accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref>

*All educational institutions were closed and organized sports activities were to be discontinued.
*A number of events and businesses were closed, including cultural events, sports events, gyms and swimming pools. All establishments in the hospitality industry such as bars, pubs and clubs other than those serving food were to close, and any establishment serving food would have to ensure that visitors could stay at least 1 meter apart.
*Healthcare professionals working with patient care were prohibited from traveling abroad until 20 April 2020. The ban applied to both business travel and private travel.
*Everyone who had returned from trips outside Sweden and Finland since 27 February were to quarantine, regardless of whether they showed symptoms or not.
*Leisure travel was strongly discouraged. The Directorate discouraged travelling to work unless strictly necessary and encouraged avoiding public transport if possible, as well as avoiding crowded places.
*People were requested not to visit others in institutions with vulnerable groups (the elderly, psychiatry, prison etc.) and generally encouraged to limiting close contact with others.
*The public transport schedule was to run as normal, to ensure that people with critical social functions could get to and from work and be able to distance themselves from each other.

On 16 March, non-residents were banned from entering Norway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikel |first1=David |title=Norway Closes All Airports To Foreigners As Coronavirus Cases Mount |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2020/03/14/norway-closes-all-airports-to-foreigners-as-coronavirus-cases-mount/#7788c2f31913 |accessdate=21 March 2020 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

As of 19 March, residents were prohibited from staying in cabins outside their home municipalities, in order to avoid putting strain on rural medical infrastructure. People suspected or confirmed to be infected must follow stricter home isolation rules. The government established fines for people violating home quarantine and home isolation rules or organizing events.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikel |first1=David |title=Norway Hands Out $2,000 Fines Or Jail For Ignoring Coronavirus Quarantine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2020/03/17/norway-hands-out-2000-fines-or-jail-for-ignoring-coronavirus-quarantine/ |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

===Economic policy===
Many institutions were closed in order to fight the outbreak, which led to increased unemployment. [[Norges Bank]] first cut the national [[prime rate]] by a half point to 1.0% on March 13, and the following week cut the prime rate again down to 0.25%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Norway's central bank cuts rates again to curb virus hit |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/20/norway-central-bank-cuts-key-rate-to-0point25percent-from-1percent-in-emergency-move.html |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=CNBC |date=20 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Media coverage==
{{Empty section|date=June 2020}}

==Statistics==
[[File:ERplot19.png|alt=|thumb|462x462px|Growth trajectory of cases in Norway. [[Exponential growth]] (black line, doubling every day), cases data from FHI (blue points), fitted line for case data (red line).]]
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases}}

{{Graph:Chart
|width=800
|colors=#F46D43
|showValues=
|xAxisTitle=Date
|xAxisAngle=-40
|type=rect
|x=26 Feb, 27 Feb, 28 Feb, 29 Feb, 1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar, 11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar, 19 Mar, 20 Mar, 21 Mar, 22 Mar, 23 Mar, 24 Mar, 25 Mar, 26 Mar, 27 Mar, 28 Mar, 29 Mar, 30 Mar, 31 Mar, 1 Apr, 2 Apr, 3 Apr, 4 Apr, 5 Apr, 6 Apr, 7 Apr, 8 Apr, 9 Apr , 10 Apr, 11 Apr, 12 Apr, 13 Apr, 14 Apr, 15 Apr, 16 Apr, 17 Apr, 18 Apr, 19 Apr, 20 Apr, 21 Apr, 22 Apr, 23 Apr, 24 Apr, 25 Apr, 26 Apr, 27 Apr, 28 Apr, 29 Apr, 30 Apr, 1 May, 2 May, 3 May, 4 May, 5 May, 6 May, 7 May, 8 May, 9 May, 10 May, 11 May, 12 May, 13 May, 14 May, 15 May, 16 May, 17 May, 18 May, 19 May, 20 May, 21 May, 22 May, 23 May, 24 May, 25 May,
yAxisTitle=No. of new cases
|legend=Legend
|y1= 1, 3, 2, 8, 4, 6, 8, 21, 30, 27, 34, 22, 23, 85, 212, 132, 131, 156, 166, 92, 139, 115, 129, 190, 184, 206, 240, 196, 264, 240, 425, 264, 257, 124, 221, 207, 282, 272, 301, 130, 115, 108, 147, 150, 84, 76, 95, 73, 78, 111, 114, 100, 93, 84, 45, 53, 84, 95, 63, 59, 38, 28, 72, 62, 43, 73, 26, 38, 58, 50, 41, 38, 36, 29, 3, 4, 46, 23, 21, 23, 18, 12, 8, 10, 14, 20, 30, 15, 0, 6,
|y1Title=New cases per day,
|yGrid= |xGrid=
}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases chart}}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{COVID-19}}
{{Portal bar|COVID-19|Norway|Medicine|Viruses}}

[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Norway| ]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Norway]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|Norway]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in Norway]]
[[Category:2020 in Norway]]