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Protecting power

2016-02-14T20:03:50Z

Aliman5040: /* Current relationships */ 2 new for Switzerland

{{Refimprove|date=September 2010}}
[[File:Swiss Embassy in Havana.jpg|thumb|Between 1961 and 2015, [[Foreign relations of Switzerland|Switzerland]] was the protecting power of the United States in Cuba. The [[United States Interests Section in Havana]], although it was staffed by personnel of the [[United States Foreign Service]], was formally a section of the Embassy of Switzerland.<ref name=LT2015/>]]

A '''protecting power''' is a state which somehow protects another state, and/or represents the interests of the protected state's citizens in a third state.

In [[diplomacy|diplomatic]] usage, "protecting power" refers to a relationship that may occur when two [[sovereign state]]s do not have [[diplomatic relations]]. Either country may request a third party, with whom both countries have diplomatic relations, to use its "good offices" and act on its behalf as the protecting power.<ref>Article 12(1) of Geneva Convention IV 1949</ref>

In the host country, the protecting power is empowered to represent the property and interests of the protected country. This may extend to caring for the diplomatic property of its protectee or acting as [[Consul (representative)|consular officers]] on behalf of its [[citizen]]s. If the two countries are at war, the protecting power will also inquire into the welfare of prisoners of war.

The role of "protecting power" originally developed in time of war and is formalized in the [[Geneva Conventions]]. Diplomatic relations are automatically broken when war is declared, making it necessary to appoint protecting powers. The [[Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations]] and the [[Vienna Convention on Consular Relations]] also provide for a similar status in time of peace, although they do not use the "protecting power" terminology.<ref name=fam1020>{{cite book|title=U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual|location=7 FAM 1020|url=https://fam.state.gov/FAM/07FAM/07FAM1020.html}}</ref>

==Diplomacy==
[[File:Embassy of Switzerland, Washington, D.C..jpg|thumb|Between 1991 and 2015, the Swiss Embassy in Washington DC also officially represented [[Cuban Interests Section|Cuba's interests]] in the United States.<ref name=LT2015/>]]
[[File:Critical assistance.ogv|thumb|President Obama thanks the Swiss government for assistance in Iran (2016)]]

The protecting power is appointed by the protected state and must also be acceptable to the host state. It must therefore maintain diplomatic relations with both states. In time of war, the [[Geneva Conventions]] also require that the protecting power be a neutral country. The specific responsibilities and arrangements are agreed between the protecting power, the protected power, and the host country.

In a comprehensive mandate, the protecting power carries out most functions on behalf of the protected state. This is necessary when relations are so tense or hostile that the sparring nations have no diplomatic or consular staff posted on each other's territory. For example, Sweden carries out limited consular functions for the United States, Canada, and Australia in North Korea.

In other cases, the two nations have broken diplomatic relations, but are willing to exchange personnel on an informal basis. The protecting power serves as the mechanism for facilitating this exchange. The original embassy remains staffed by nationals of the protected state but is formally termed an "interests section" of the protecting power. For example, the [[Cuban Interests Section]] was staffed by Cubans and occupied the old Cuban embassy in Washington, D.C., but it was formally a section of the Swiss Embassy to the United States.

==History==
The protecting power relationship originated in the [[Franco-Prussian War]], when the belligerents expelled each other's diplomats and placed restrictions on enemy aliens. This made it necessary for belligerents to appoint protecting powers to represent their citizens' interests in enemy countries.<ref name=levie>{{cite journal|last1=Levie|first1=Howard|title=Prisoners of War and the Protecting Power|journal=American Journal of International Law |volume=55|year=1961|url=https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/3264c3d1-de9f-4e0f-b634-cc2adbc88692/Prisoners-of-War-and-the-Protecting-Power.aspx}}</ref>

The practice became customary in international law but was not formalized until the [[Geneva Convention (1929)|Geneva Convention of 1929]]. The lack of formalization forced arrangements to be worked out on a case-by-case basis. During the [[Second Boer War]], the British Empire selected the United States to be its protecting power in the Boer Republics, but the Boers refused to accept this status or to appoint a protecting power of their own. However, the Boers did allow the United States to look after the interests of British and Boer prisoners of war.<ref name=levie/>

There is no requirement that the same protecting power be selected by both countries, although this is convenient for the purposes of communication. Each may select its own protecting power, provided that the choice is acceptable to the other state. There is also no requirement that a country select only one protecting power in the receiving country. During the [[Second World War]], Japan appointed Spain, Sweden and Switzerland to be its protecting powers in the United States.<ref name=levie/>

===Second World War===
During the [[Second World War]], [[Axis powers|Axis]]-leaning Spain and the [[History of the Netherlands (1939–1945)#German occupation|Nazi-occupied Netherlands]] were unable to serve the role of protecting power that they had served in the [[First World War]]. As a result, [[Switzerland]] and [[Sweden]] became the most popular choices for protecting power. Switzerland formally undertook 219 mandates for 35 states, and represented another eight states unofficially, while Sweden accepted 114 mandates for 28 states.<ref name=schelbert>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Schelbert |first1=Leo |article=Good offices |title=Historical Dictionary of Switzerland |year=2014 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781442233522 |page=153}}</ref> Switzerland and Sweden both chose to remain non-aligned in the [[Cold War]] and refused to join any military alliances, leading to their continued popularity as protecting powers.

==Current relationships==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! Protected state
! Protecting power
! Receiving state
! Mandate
! Notes
|-
| {{flag|United States}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Czech Republic}}
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|Syria}}
| rowspan="3" {{n/a|align=left}}
| <ref name=fam1020/>
|-
| {{flag|Australia}}
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | {{flag|Hungary}}
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://o.canada.com/news/politics-and-the-nation/foreign-affairs-and-defence/australia-secures-assistance-for-citizens-still-in-syria|title=Australia secures assistance for citizens still in Syria|publisher=[[Postmedia News]]|date=March 8, 2012|author=Lee Berthiaume}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Canada}}
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143121/http://www2.canada.com/saskatoonstarphoenix/news/story.html?id=d934cec1-971f-4529-8c11-8a436f942a64|title=Australians left scrambling as Canada shutters embassy|publisher=[[Postmedia News]]|date=March 7, 2012|author=Lee Berthiaume}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Italy}}
| {{flag|Iran}}
| rowspan="2" | Comprehensive
| rowspan="2" | <ref name=CanadaIran>[http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/iran/canada-iran/canada-iran.aspx]</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Iran}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Oman}}
| {{flag|Canada}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Pakistan}}
| {{flag|United States}}
| {{n/a|align=left}}
| ''See also:'' [[Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daftar.org/Eng/default.asp?lang=eng|title=Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran|publisher=[[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Australia}}
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | {{flag|Sweden}}
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|North Korea}}
| rowspan="3" | Comprehensive
| rowspan="2" | <ref name="SwedenProtecting">{{cite web|url=http://www.swedenabroad.com/en-GB/Embassies/Pyongyang/About-us/About-the-Embassy/|title=About the Embassy|publisher=Embassy of Sweden, Pyongyang|quote=In particular, Sweden functions as Protective Power for the United States, Australia and Canada, including consular responsibility for citizens.}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Canada}}
|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| <ref name=fam1020/><ref name="SwedenProtecting"/>
|-
| {{flag|Georgia}}
! scope="row" rowspan="6" | {{flag|Switzerland}}
| {{flag|Russia}}
| rowspan="2"| Interests section
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=430&lang_id=ENG|title=Georgia's Interests Section of the Swiss Confederation's Embassy to the Russian Federation|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| {{flag|Iran}}
| {{flag|Egypt}}
| <ref name=ch/>
|-
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|
| <ref name="Arabia - Iran">{{cite web|title=Bons offices entres l'Arabie saoudite et l'Iran: feu vert des autorités saoudiennes|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/fr/dfae/actualite/informations-dfae.html/content/eda/fr/meta/news/2016/2/14/-60646|website=eda.admin.ch|publisher=Swiss Foreign Affairs Department|accessdate=14 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Russia}}
| {{flag|Georgia}}
| Interests section
| <ref name=ch/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.georgia.mid.ru/|title=Embassy of Switzerland in Georgia, Russian Federation Interests Section|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| rowspan="2"| {{flag|Iran}}
|
| <ref name="Arabia - Iran"></ref>
|-
| {{flag|United States}}
| Comprehensive, with an interests section
| <ref name=fam1020/><ref name=ch/>
|}

==Past relationships==
===Before the Second World War===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! Year begun
! Year ended
! Protected state
! Protecting power
! Receiving state
! Cause of breach
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1870
| rowspan="5" | 1871
| {{flag|Second French Empire|name=France}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}}
| {{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}}
| rowspan="5" | [[Franco-Prussian War]]
| <ref name=levie/>
|-
| {{flag+link|Grand Duchy of|Baden}}
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | {{flag|Switzerland}}
| rowspan="4" | {{flag|Second French Empire|name=France}}
| rowspan="2" | <ref name=ch/>
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Bavaria|name=Bavaria}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}
| rowspan="12" | <ref name=levie/>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | {{flag|United States|1891}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1894
| rowspan="2" | 1895
| {{flag|Qing dynasty|name=China}}
| {{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| rowspan="2" | [[First Sino-Japanese War]]
|-
| {{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| {{flag|Qing dynasty|name=China}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" | 1897
| {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}}
| {{flag|Kingdom of Greece|1863|name=Greece}}
| rowspan="4" | [[Greco-Turkish War (1897)]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|Kingdom of Greece|1863|name=Greece}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}}
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Second French Empire|name=France}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" | 1898
| {{flag|United States|1896}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}}
| {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Spanish–American War]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]]
! scope="row" | {{flag|Austria-Hungary}}
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|United States|1896}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}}
|-
| {{flag|United States|1896}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}}
| {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1904
| rowspan="2" | 1905
| {{flag|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}}
| {{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Russo-Japanese War]]
| rowspan="2" | <ref name=TreatyOfPortmouth>{{cite web|title=Treaty of Portsmouth ending the Russo-Japanese War|url=http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Portsmouth_ending_the_Russo-Japanese_War|quote=Such ratification shall be with as little delay as possible, and in any case no later than fifty days from the date of the signature of the treaty, to be announced to the Imperial Governments of Japan and Russia respectively through the French Minister at Tokio and the Ambassador of the United States at St. Petersburg, and from the date of the latter of such announcements shall in all its parts come into full force.}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|United States|1896}}
| {{flag|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1911
| rowspan="2" | 1912
| {{flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | {{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}}
| {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Italo-Turkish War]]
| rowspan="4" | <ref name=levie/>
|-
| {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
| {{flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1912
| rowspan="2" | 1913
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Kingdom of Montenegro|name=Montenegro}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}}
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Balkan Wars]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}
|-
| 1918
| 1924
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Netherlands}}
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1923}}
| [[October Revolution|Bolshevik Revolution]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 4th ed. - Online updating pages|url=http://grberridge.diplomacy.edu/theorypractice/chapter13/|pages=218-219|quote=Britain had not recognised the Bolshevik government formed in the previous October (it did not extend de jure recognition until the beginning of 1924), and in February 1918 withdrew its diplomatic staff from the embassy in Petrograd, handing protection of its interests to the Dutch Legation.}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | 1929
| {{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=China}}
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | {{flag|Weimar Republic|name=Germany}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)]]
| rowspan="2" | <ref name=levie/>
|-
| {{flag|Soviet Union|1923}}
| {{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=China}}
|}

===Since the Second World War===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! Year begun
! Year ended
! Protected state
! Protecting power
! Receiving state
! Cause of breach
! Notes
|-
| 1961
| 2015
| {{flag|United States}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Switzerland}}
| {{flag|Cuba}}
| [[Cuban Revolution]]
| See [[United States Interests Section in Havana]].<ref name=fam1020/><ref name=ch/><ref name=LT2015>{{fr}} Stéphane Bussard, "[http://www.letemps.ch/monde/2015/07/19/voix-suisse-etats-unis-cuba-se-tait La voix suisse des États-Unis à Cuba se tait]", ''[[Le Temps]]'', Monday 20 July 2015.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1975
| rowspan="2" | 1999
| {{flag|Portugal}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}}
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Indonesian invasion of East Timor]]
| rowspan="2" | <ref name=JakartaPost2000>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2000/11/16/indonesia-names-envoy-lisbon.html Indonesia names envoy to Lisbon], ''[[Jakarta Post]]'', November 16, 2000</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Thailand}}
| {{flag|Portugal}}
|-
| 1976
| 1977
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|United Kingdom}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|France}}
| {{flag|Uganda}}
| {{n/a|align=left}}
| <ref>[http://grberridge.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/BIS-Kampala-Essay-38.pdf The British Interests Section in Kampala, 1976-7]</ref>
|-
| 1979
| {{n/a|align=left}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Sweden}}
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Iran}}
| [[Iranian Revolution]]
| {{n/a|align=left}}
|-
| 1980
| 1988
| {{flag|Canada}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}}
| [[Canadian Caper]]
| {{citation needed|date=May 2014}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1982
| rowspan="2" | 1990
| {{flag|Argentina}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Brazil|1968}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Falklands War]]
| rowspan="2" | <ref name=nytimes1989_argentina_britain>[http://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/01/world/argentina-and-britain-move-to-restore-diplomatic-ties.html Argentina and Britain Move To Restore Diplomatic Ties], ''[[New York Times]]'', September 1, 1989</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|United Kingdom}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Switzerland}}
| {{flag|Argentina}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1984
| rowspan="5" {{n/a|align=left}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Italy}}
| {{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|name=Libya}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Murder of Yvonne Fletcher|Murder]] of Yvonne Fletcher
| <ref>[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1984/apr/25/british-diplomats British Diplomats], ''[[Hansard]]'', HC Deb 25 April 1984 vol 58 cc718-9</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|name=Libya}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| <ref>Africa Research Bureau. (1984). Africa Research Bulletin. Africa Research. p. 7228</ref>
|-
| 1989
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Sweden}}
| {{flag|Iran}}
| [[Salman Rushdie]] [[The Satanic Verses controversy|affair]]
| {{n/a|align=left}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1990
| {{flag+link|Ba'athist|Iraq|variant=1963}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Jordan}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Gulf War]]
| rowspan="2" | {{citation needed|date=May 2014}}
|-
| {{flag|United States}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Poland}}
| {{flag+link|Ba'athist|Iraq|variant=1963}}
|-
| 1991
| 2015
| {{flag|Cuba}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Switzerland}}
| {{flag|United States}}
| [[Cuban Revolution]]
| See [[Cuban Interests Section]].<ref name=ch>{{cite web|author1=Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs|title=Protective power mandates|url=http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/topics/peasec/peac/confre/goch/protpw.html|date=4 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=LT2015/>
|-
| 1995
| 1999
| {{flag|Canada}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|United States}}
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| Execution of [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]]
| rowspan="3" | {{citation needed|date=May 2014}}
|-
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|align=left}}
| {{n/a|align=left}}
| {{flag|Yugoslavia}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Cyprus|1960}}
| {{n/a|}}
| [[Yugoslav Wars]]
|-
| 2006
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|United States}}
! scope="row" | {{flag|Belgium|state}}
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|name=Libya}}
| {{n/a|align=left}}
|-
| colspan="2" | 2011
! scope="row" | {{flag|Turkey}}
| [[2011 military intervention in Libya]]
| <ref>{{cite news| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/03/20/turkey.us.libya/ | work=CNN | title=Turkey to serve as protecting power for U.S. in Libya | date=24 August 2011}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" | 2012
! scope="row" | {{flag|Poland}}
| {{flag|Syria}}
| [[Syrian Civil War]]
| Mandate transferred to the [[Czech Republic]].<ref>http://damascus.usembassy.gov/em_030612.html</ref><ref>http://www.rttnews.com/1937629/czech-republic-new-protecting-power-for-u-s-in-syria-americans-urged-to-leave.aspx?type=gn&Node=B1</ref>
|}

==Consular services==
Certain countries may have agreements to provide limited consular services to the citizens of other countries. This does not necessarily constitute a protecting power relationship, as the host country may not have formally agreed, and there may in fact be diplomatic relations between the host country and the third country, but no physical representation. Without the agreement of the host country, [[consular officials]] in this role may not be recognized as representing the interests of another, and be limited to a "good offices"{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} role.

* The United States provides consular services to citizens of the [[Federated States of Micronesia]], the Republic of the [[Marshall Islands]] and the Republic of [[Palau]], which formerly were part of a US [[Trust Territory]].{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}
* Certain Commonwealth countries, including Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United Kingdom, have agreements in certain countries to provide consular services for citizens of the other countries where they do not have physical representation. The United Kingdom provides consular assistance to Canadians abroad where there is no Canadian mission, as stated in each Canadian passport. Canada provides consular assistance to Australian citizens to several states in Latin America and Africa; while [[Australian diplomatic missions]] reciprocate in several Asia-Pacific states.<ref>DFAIT Canada http://travel.gc.ca/assistance/embassies</ref><ref>DFAT Australia http://www.dfat.gov.au/missions/</ref>
* Under Article 20 section 2c of the [[Treaty on the functioning of the European Union]] citizens of [[European Union]] countries may request consular services at the missions of other EU countries when their home country does not have a mission locally.<ref name="TFEU consolidated">[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0047:0199:EN:PDF Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union], Europa</ref>
* In 2006, the governments of Montenegro and Serbia adopted the Memorandum of Agreement between the Republic of Montenegro and the Republic of Serbia on Consular Protection and Services to the Citizens of Montenegro. By this agreement, [[Serbia]], through its network of diplomatic and consular [[Serbian diplomatic missions|missions]], provides consular services to the Montenegrin citizens on the territory of states in which Montenegro has no missions of its own.<ref>http://www.mip.gov.me/en/index.php/Bilateral-Relations/republic-of-serbia.html</ref>

==Other meanings==
* Historically a protecting power held a permanent [[protectorate]] over a weaker state, which in practice could constitute a form of colonial domination, in the logic of [[indirect rule]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}
* The term "friendly protection" also applied to "guarantor" state(s) vowing to prevent the protected state (or a specific part) being overrun by a third party.
* Protecting power has a distinct and separate meaning under the [[Geneva Conventions]] for protection of civilians in times of war.<ref>{{Cite web| title= From Geneva to Sri Lanka | url= http://www2.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/eacea085bacc7974c1256ec40042c62b/e185c37b35eabbd8c1257610004015c3?OpenDocument | work= International Relations and Security Network |date= 12 August 2009| publisher= ReliefWeb | accessdate=2010-09-14 | quote= The [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (ICRC), which is the official protecting power of the Geneva Conventions, has just put forward guidance on what it means to take part in hostilities, according to their understanding.}}</ref>

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://foia.state.gov/masterdocs/07FAM/07FAM1030.PDF Procedures, U.S. as Protecting Power] (PDF) U.S. State Department{{Dead link|date=December 2011}}

{{Diplomacy}}
{{Portal bar|International relations}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Protecting Power}}
[[Category:De facto embassies]]
[[Category:Diplomacy]]
[[Category:International law]]
[[Category:International relations terms]]
[[Category:States by power status]]

Colombia at the 2012 Summer Olympics

2012-07-30T15:19:32Z

Aliman5040: /* 30px|alt=|link= Artistic */

{{Infobox Olympics Colombia
|games=2012 Summer
|Chef De Mission=
|competitors= '''104'''
|sports= '''18'''
|flagbearer= [[Mariana Pajón]]
|gold=
|silver=1
|bronze=
|total=
|rank=
}}

'''[[Colombia]]''' is scheduled to compete at the '''[[2012 Summer Olympics]]''' in [[London]], [[United Kingdom]], from 27 July to 12 August 2012. The Colombian Olympic Committee will send 104 athletes to the Olympics, being the biggest delegation ever and for the first time women will outnumber men on the squad.

==Competitors==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! width=180|Sport
! width=55|Men
! width=55|Women
! width=55|Total
|-
| align=left|[[Archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Archery]]
| 1 || 1 || 2
|-
| align=left|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Athletics]]
| 11 || 20 || 31 +
|-
| align=left|[[Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Boxing]]
| 3 || 0 || 3
|-
| align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Cycling]]
| 12 || 5 || 17
|-
| align=left|[[Diving at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Diving]]
| 2 || 0 || 2
|-
| align=left|[[Equestrian at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Equestrian]]
| 2 || 0 || 2
|-
| align=left|[[Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Fencing]]
| 0 || 1 || 1
|-
| align=left|[[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Football]]
| 0 || 18 || 18
|-
| align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Gymnastics]]
| 1 || 1 || 2
|-
| align=left|[[Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Judo]]
| 0 || 2 || 2
|-
| align=left|[[Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Sailing]]
| 2 || 0 || 2
|-
| align=left|[[Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Shooting]]
| 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| align=left|[[Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Swimming]]
| 2 || 1 || 3
|-
| align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Table tennis]]
| 0 || 1 || 1
|-
| align=left|[[Taekwondo at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Taekwondo]]
| 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| align=left|[[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Tennis]]
| 3 || 1 || 4
|-
| align=left|[[Triathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Triathlon]]
| 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]]
| 4 || 4 || 8
|-
| align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]]
| 0 || 3 || 3
|-class="sortbottom"
! Total || 46 || 58 || 104
|}

+ Maria Alejandra Idrobo was initially selected to take part in the women 400 meter relay,but was not able to recover from injury and will be replaced by an athlete who is already classificated in another event.

==Medalists==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Medal
! Name
! Sport
! Event
! Date
|-
| {{silver medal}} || [[Rigoberto Urán]] || [[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Cycling]] || [[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics - Men's road race|Men's road race]] || 28 July
|}

==[[File:Archery pictogram.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] Archery==
{{main|Archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
Colombia has qualified for the following events

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Ranking round
!Round of 64
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Score
!Seed
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!width=50|Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Daniel Pineda (archer)|Daniel Pineda]]
|align=left|[[Archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's individual|Men's individual]]
|664
|32
|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Wang Cheng-Pang|Wang C-p]]|TPE|2012 Summer}} (33) '''L''' 0-6
|colspan=6 align=center|Did not advance
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Ana Maria Rendon]]
|align=left|[[Archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's individual|Women's individual]]
|657
|12
|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Iria Grandal|Grandal]]|ESP|2012 Summer}} (53)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==[[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] Athletics==
{{main|Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}

Colombian athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard):<ref>{{cite web|title=iaaf.org – Top Lists|url=http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/index.html|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=IAAF Games of the XXX Olympiad – London 2012 ENTRY STANDARDS|url=http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Statistics/Standards/05/97/61/20110415082248_httppostedfile_EntryStandards_London2012_24135.pdf|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref>

;Men
;Track & road events
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan="2"|Quarterfinal
!colspan="2"|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|[[Eider Arevalo]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 20 kilometres walk|20 km walk]]
| colspan=6 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Juan Carlos Cardona]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|Marathon]]
| colspan=6 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Freddy Hernandez]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 kilometres walk|50 km walk]]
| colspan=6 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Luis Fernando López (race walker)|Luis Fernando Lopez]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 20 kilometres walk|20 km walk]]
| colspan=6 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Isidro Montoya]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres|100 m]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Diego Palomeque]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres|400 m]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
|colspan=2 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[James Rendon]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 20 kilometres walk|20 km walk]]
| colspan=6 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Rafith Rodriguez]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres|800 m]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
|colspan=2 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Paulo Cesar Villar]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles|110 m hurdles]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|}
;Field events
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Qualifying
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Distance
!Position
!Distance
!Position
|-
|[[Wanner Miller]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump|High jump]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Dyron Marquez]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw|Javelin Throw]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|}

;Women
;Track & road events
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan="2"|Quarterfinal
!colspan="2"|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|[[Erika Abril]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon|Marathon]]
| colspan=6 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Lorena Arenas]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|20 km walk]]
| colspan=6 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Yolanda Caballero]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon|Marathon]]
| colspan=6 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Ángela Figueroa]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 3000 metres steeplechase|3000 m steeplechase]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
| colspan=4 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Lina Flores]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Rosibel Garcia]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres|800 m]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
| colspan=2 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Norma Gonzales]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metres|200 m]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres|400 m]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
| colspan=2 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Ingrid Hernandez]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|20 km walk]]
| colspan=6 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Yomara Hinestroza]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres|100 m]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Briggite Merlano]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Princesa Oliveiros]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres hurdles|400 m hurdles]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
| colspan=2 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Arabelly Orjuela]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|20 km walk]]
| colspan=6 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Jennifer Padilla]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres|400 m]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
| colspan=2 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
| align=center|
|-
|[[Alejandra Idrobo]] [[Darlenys Obregon]] [[Eliecith Palacios]] [[Nelcy Caicedo]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 x 100 metres relay|4×100 m relay]]
| align=center|
| align=center|
| colspan=4 align=center {{n/a}}
| align=center|
| align=center|
|}
;Field events
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Qualifying
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Distance
!Position
!Distance
!Position
|-
|[[Sandra Lemus]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's shot put|Shot put]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|[[Catherine Ibarguen]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's triple jump|Triple jump]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|[[Ely Johana Moreno]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's hammer throw|Hammer throw]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|[[Anyela Rivas]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's shot put|Shot put]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|[[Flor Denis Ruíz]]
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw|Javelin throw]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|}

==[[File:Boxing pictogram.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] Boxing==
{{main|Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}

Colombia has qualified boxers in the following events.
;Men
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|[[Eduar Marriaga]]
|[[Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's lightweight|Lightweight]]
|align=center|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Wellington Arias|W Arias]]|DOM|2012 Summer}} L 8-17
|align=center colspan="7" |Did not advance
|-
|[[César Villarraga]]
|[[Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's light welterweight|Light welterweight]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|[[Jeysson Monrroy]]
|[[Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's light heavyweight|Light heavyweight]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|}

==[[File:Cycling pictogram.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] Cycling==
{{main|Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}

Colombia has so far qualified cyclists for the following events

===[[Image:Cycling pictogram.svg|25px]] Road===

====Men's Road Race====
Colombia was earned three spots in the Men's Road Race, those spots were subsequently filled by [[Fabio Duarte]], [[Sergio Henao]], and [[Rigoberto Urán]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/534036/london-2012-olympic-games-men-s-road-race-start-list.html|title=London 2012 Olympic Games: Men's road race start list|date=2012–07–23|work=cyclingweekly.co.uk}}</ref> Rigoberto Urán was the only rider to have competed in the Olympics before, he raced the [[Cycling at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's road race|Men's Road Race]] in [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008]] but did not complete the course.<ref name=2008roadraceresults>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2008/olympics08/?id=results/1#res|title=Cycling - Men's Road Race Final Results|publisher=Cycling News|date=2008-08-09|accessdate=2010-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/sports/2012/07/28/london-olympics-colombia-uran-grabs-silver-in-men-road-race/ |title=London Olympics: Colombia's Uran Grabs Silver in Men's Road Race | Fox News Latino |publisher=Latino.foxnews.com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-29}}</ref> The route for the race was {{convert|250|km|1|abbr=on}} in length and included nine climbs of the famous [[Box Hill]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Olympic Cycling – Road – Information, History, Rules|url=http://www.london2012.com/cycling-road/about/|publisher=London 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012}}</ref> A large breakaway - which at its peak contained 32 riders - formed off the front of the peloton early on in the race.<ref name="CN Road Race Recap">{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/2012-olympic-games/olympic-mens-road-race/results|title=Vinokourov wins Olympic gold medal|date=28 July 2012|page=1|publisher=CyclingNews|accessdate=28 July 2012}}</ref> No Colombians were a part of the initial move, but two - [[Sergio Henao]] and [[Rigoberto Urán]] - joined later on in the race. The peloton, led by the [[Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics#Road|Great Britain Team]], kept the breakaway relatively close for the latter {{convert|100|km|1|abbr=on}} of the race.<ref name="CN Road Race Recap"/> However, as the race came to its close, the peloton couldn't close the gap to the large leading breakaway.<ref name="CN Road Race Recap"/> It was clear that the breakaway would contain the eventual winner, and as the breakaway went under {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} to go in the race, the riders began to attack.<ref name="CN Road Race Recap"/> [[Alexander Vinokourov]] and [[Rigoberto Urán]] were the first two riders to mount a sizeable distance between the main breakaway and themselves. As Urán and Vinokourov worked together to stay away, the main breakaway didn't work collectively to pull back the two leading riders.<ref name="CN Road Race Recap"/> With around 200 meters to go in the race, Urán swept across to the left side of the road and Vinokourov attacked. Vinokourov's attack was good enough to win the race, while Urán crossed the line in second place, earning himself a silver medal.<ref name="CN Road Race Recap"/> Sergio Henao crossed the line in sixteenth place with the main breakaway, while the other Colombian Fabio Duarte did not finish the course.<ref name="CN Road Race Recap"/>

;Men
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Time
!Rank
|-align=center
| align=left rowspan=2|[[Fabio Duarte]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's road race|Road race]]
|colspan=2|Did not finish
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's road time trial|Time trial]]
|
|
|-align=center
| align=left|[[Sergio Henao]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's road race|Road race]]
|5:46:05
|16
|-align=center
| align=left|[[Rigoberto Urán]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's road race|Road race]]
|5:45:57
|[[File:Silver medal icon.svg]]
|}

===[[Image:Cycling (track) pictogram.svg|30px]] Cycling – Track===

;Sprint
{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Qualification
!Heats
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Time Speed
!Opposition Time Speed
!Opposition Time Speed
!Opposition Time Speed
!Opposition Time Speed
!Rank
|- align=center
| align=left| [[Diana Garcia (cyclist)|Diana Garcia]]
| align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's sprint|Women's sprint]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- align=center
| align=left|[[Juliana Gaviria]] [[Diana Garcia (cyclist)|Diana Garcia]]
| align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's team sprint|Women's team sprint]]
|
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|
|
|
|}

;Keirin
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!1st Round
!Repechage
!2nd Round
!Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Rank
!Rank
!Rank
!Rank
|- align=center
| align=left|[[Fabian Puerta]]
| align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Keirin|Men's keirin]]
|
|
|
|
|- align=center
| align=left|[[Diana Garcia (cyclist)|Diana Garcia]]
| align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's Keirin|Women's keirin]]
|
|
|
|
|}

;Pursuit
{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=2|Qualification
!colspan=2|Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Time
!Rank
!Opponent Results
!Rank
!Opponent Results
!Rank
|- align=center
| align=left|[[Juan Esteban Arango]] [[Edwin Avila]] [[Arles Castro]] [[Weimar Roldan]] [[Kevin Rios]]
| align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's team pursuit|Men's team pursuit]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

;Omnium
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=2|Flying lap
!colspan=2|Points race
!Elimination race
!colspan=2|Individual pursuit
!colspan=2|Scratch race
!colspan=2|Time trial
!rowspan=2|Total points
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Time
!Rank
!Points
!Rank
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
|- align=center
| align=left|[[Juan Esteban Arango]]
| align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Omnium|Men's omnium]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- align=center
| align=left|[[Maria Luisa Calle]]
| align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's Omnium|Women's omnium]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

===[[Image:Cycling (mountain biking) pictogram.svg|25px]] Mountain biking===

{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Time
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Leonardo Paez]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's cross-country|Men's cross-country]]
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Laura Abril]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's cross-country|Women's cross-country]]
|
|
|}

===[[Image:Cycling (BMX) pictogram.svg|30px]] Cycling – BMX===

{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Seeding
!colspan="2"|Quarterfinal
!colspan="2"|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Carlos Mario Oquendo]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's BMX|Men's BMX]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Andres Jimenes]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Mariana Pajon]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's BMX|Women's BMX]]
|
|
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|
|
|
|
|}

==[[File:Diving pictogram.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] Diving==
{{main|Diving at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
Colombia has qualified in the following events.

;Men
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=2|Preliminaries
!colspan=2|Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Points
!Rank
!Points
!Rank
!Points
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Sebastian Villa]]
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 3 metre springboard|3 m springboard]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Sebastian Villa]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Diving at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform|10 m platform]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Victor Ortega]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==[[Image:Equestrian pictogram.svg|30px]] Equestrian==
{{main|Equestrian at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}

;'''Jumping'''
Colombia has qualified two individual quota places through the [[Equestrian at the 2011 Pan American Games|2011 Pan American Games]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="3"|Athlete
!rowspan="3"|Horse
!rowspan="3"|Event
!colspan="8"|Qualification
!colspan="5"|Final
!rowspan=2 colspan="2"|Total
|-style="font-size:95%"
!colspan="2"|Round 1
!colspan="3"|Round 2
!colspan="3"|Round 3
!colspan="2"|Round A
!colspan="3"|Round B
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Penalties
!Rank
!Penalties
!Total
!Rank
!Penalties
!Total
!Rank
!Penalties
!Rank
!Penalties
!Total
!Rank
!Penalties
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Daniel Bluman]]
|align=left|Sancha
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Equestrian at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping|Individual]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Rodrigo Diaz (equestrian)|Rodrigo Diaz]]
|align=left|Royal Vincken
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==[[Image:Fencing pictogram.svg|30px]] Fencing==
{{Main|Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
Colombia has qualified 1 fencer.
;Women
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 64
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|[[Saskia Loretta Garcia]]
|[[Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics - Women's foil|Individual foil]]
|align=center {{n/a|Bye}}
|align=center|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Carolin Golubytskyi|Golubystkyi]]|GER|2012 Summer}} '''L''' 9–14
|colspan=5 align=center|Did not advance
|}

==[[Image:Football pictogram.svg|30px]] Football==
{{main|Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
The [[Colombia women's national football team|Colombian women's football team]] are qualified for the event.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colombia secure historic qualification|url=http://www.fifa.com/womensolympic/news/newsid=1338562/index.html|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=15 June 2011}}</ref>

* Women's team event – 1 team of 18 players

===Women's tournament===
{{main|Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament}}
;Team roster
{{2012 Summer Olympics Colombia women's football team roster}}
;Group play
{{2012 Summer Olympics women's football group G standings}}
{{2012 Summer Olympics women's football game C2|bgc=#eeeeee}}
{{2012 Summer Olympics women's football game C3}}
{{2012 Summer Olympics women's football game C6|bgc=#eeeeee}}

== Gymnastics ==
{{main|Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}

===[[Image:Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] Artistic===

;Men
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan = "6"|Apparatus
!colspan = "2"|Qualification
!colspan = "6"|Apparatus
!colspan = "2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!{{Tooltip| F | Floor}}
!{{Tooltip| PH | Pommel horse }}
!{{Tooltip| R | Rings}}
!{{Tooltip| V | Vault}}
!{{Tooltip| PB | Parallel bars}}
!{{Tooltip| HB | Horizontal bar}}
!Total
!Rank
!{{Tooltip| F | Floor}}
!{{Tooltip| PH | Pommel horse }}
!{{Tooltip| R | Rings}}
!{{Tooltip| V | Vault}}
!{{Tooltip| PB | Parallel bars}}
!{{Tooltip| HB | Horizontal bar}}
!Total
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Jorge Hugo Giraldo]]
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic individual all-around|All-around]]
|13.400
|12.166
|14.933
|15.466
|13.633
|13.500
|83.098
|33
|colspan=8 align=center|Did not advance
|}

;Women
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan = "4"|Apparatus
!colspan = "2"|Qualification
!colspan = "4"|Apparatus
!colspan = "2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!{{Tooltip| F | Floor}}
!{{Tooltip| V | Vault}}
!{{Tooltip| UB | Uneven bars}}
!{{Tooltip| BB | Balance beam}}
!Total
!Rank
!{{Tooltip| F | Floor}}
!{{Tooltip| V | Vault}}
!{{Tooltip| UB | Uneven bars}}
!{{Tooltip| BB | Balance beam}}
!Total
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Jessica Gil]]
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic individual all-around|All-around]]
|13.066
|13.533
|12.633
|12.266
|51.498
|42
|colspan=6 align=center|Did not advance
|}

==[[Image:Judo pictogram.svg|30px]] Judo==
{{main|Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!Repechage 1
!Repechage 2
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Yadinis Amaris]]
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 57 kg|Women's −57 kg]]
|{{n/a|BYE}}
|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Marti Malloy|Malloy]]|USA|2012 Summer}} '''L''' 0000–1000
|colspan=6|Did not advance
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Yuri Alvear]]
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 70 kg|Women's −70 kg]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==[[Image:Sailing pictogram.svg|30px]] Sailing==
{{main|Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}

Colombia has so far qualified 1 boat for each of the following events
;Men
{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=11|Race
!rowspan=2|Net points
!rowspan=2|Final rank
|-style="font-size:95%"
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!M*
|-
|[[Santiago Grillo]]
|[[Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's sailboard|RS:X]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|[[Andrey Quintero]]
|[[Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Laser class|Laser]]
|align=center|40
|align=center|31
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|}
'''M''' = Medal race

==[[File:Shooting pictogram.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] Shooting==
{{main|Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
Colombia has qualified 1 shooter

;Men
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=2|Qualification
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Points
!Rank
!Points
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Danilo Caro]]
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's trap|Trap]]
|
|
|
|
|}

==[[File:Swimming pictogram.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] Swimming==
{{main|Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}

Colombia has qualified one athlete so far to compete in swimming by making the A standar. Another athlete completed its nation's full roster by achieving their respective Olympic Selection time(up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and potentially 1 at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)):<ref>{{cite web|title=Swimming World Rankings|url=http://www.fina.org/H2O/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=805|publisher=FINA|accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE NATATION – Swimming|url=http://www.fina.org/H2O/docs/events/london2012/sw/sw_qual.pdf|publisher=FINA|accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref>

;Men
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan="2"|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
|-
|[[Mateo de Angulo]]
|[[Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics - Men's 400 metre freestyle|400 m freestyle]]
|align=center|3:57.76
|align=center|26
|colspan=2 align=center {{n/a}}
|colspan=2 align=center|Did not advance
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Omar Pinzón|Omar Andres Pinzón]]
|[[Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]
|align=center| 55.37
|align=center| 32
|colspan=4 align=center|Did not advance
|-
|[[Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|[[Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre butterfly|200 m butterfly]]
|align=center| 2:02.32
|align=center| 34
|colspan=4 align=center|Did not advance
|-
|[[Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre individual medley|200 m individual medley]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|}

;Women
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan="2"|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Carolina Colorado]]
|[[Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]
|align=center| 1:01.81
|align=center| 28
|colspan=4 align=center|Did not advance
|-
|[[Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|}

==[[Image:Table tennis pictogram.svg|30px]] Table tennis==
{{main|Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
Colombia qualified one athlete.

{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Preliminary round
!Round 1
!Round 2
!Round 3
!Round 4
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|[[Paula Medina]]
|[[Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
|align=center {{n/a|BYE}}
|align=center|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Tetyana Bilenko|Bilenko]]|UKR|2012 Summer}} '''L''' 1–4
|colspan=7 align=center|Did not advance
|}

==[[File:Taekwondo pictogram.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] Taekwondo==
{{main|Taekwondo at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
Colombia has qualified 1 man.

{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!Repechage 1
!Repechage 2
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Oscar Muñoz (taekwondo)|Oscar Muñoz]]
|align=left|[[Taekwondo at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 58 kg|Men's −58 kg]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==[[File:Tennis pictogram.svg|30px]] Tennis==
{{main|Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
Colombia has qualified four tennis players.

{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 64
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|[[Alejandro Falla]]
|rowspan=2|[[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
|align=center|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Roger Federer|Federer]]|SUI|2012 Summer}} '''L''' 3–6, 7–5, 3–6
|colspan=6 align=center|Did not advance
|-
|[[Santiago Giraldo]]
|align=center|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Ryan Harrison|Harrison]]|USA|2012 Summer}} '''W''' 7–5, 6–3
|align=center|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Steve Darcis|Darcis]]|BEL|2012 Summer}}
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|[[Juan Sebastian Cabal]] [[Santiago Giraldo]]
|[[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]]
| {{n/a}}
|align=center|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Marin Čilić|Čilić]] / [[Ivan Dodig|Dodig]]|CRO|2012 Summer}}
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|[[Mariana Duque]]
|[[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
|align=center|{{flagIOCathlete|[[Maria Kirilenko|Kirilenko]]|RUS|2012 Summer}}
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|}

==[[File:Triathlon pictogram.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] Triathlon==
{{main|Triathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Swim (1.5 km)
!Trans 1
!Bike (40 km)
!Trans 2
!Run (10 km)
!width=50|Total
!width=50|Rank
|-
|[[Carlos Quinchara]]
|[[Triathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's|Men's]]
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|}

==[[File:Weightlifting pictogram.svg|30px]] Weightlifting==
{{main|Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
Colombia has qualified 4 men and 4 women.<ref>[http://www.eltiempo.com/deportes/otrosdeportes/ARTICULO-WEB-NEW_NOTA_INTERIOR-11954078.html El tiempo newspaper -]</ref>

;Men
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Snatch
!colspan="2"|Clean & Jerk
!rowspan="2"|Total
!rowspan="2"|Rank
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Carlos Berna]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 56 kg|-56 kg]]
|118 KG
|10
|150 KG
|7
|268
|8
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Sergio Rada]]
|118 KG
|10
|151 KG
|6
|269
|7
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Oscar Figueroa (weightlifter)|Oscar Figueroa]]
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 62 kg|-62 kg]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Doyler Sánchez]]
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 69 kg|-69 kg]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

;Women
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Snatch
!colspan="2"|Clean & Jerk
!rowspan="2"|Total
!rowspan="2"|Rank
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Rusmeri Villar]]
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 53 kg|-53 kg]]
|87 KG
|7
|108 KG
|8
|195 KG
|6
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Jackelin Heredia]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 58 kg|-58 kg]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Lina Rivas]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Ubaldina Valoyes]]
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 69 kg|-69 kg]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==[[Image:Wrestling pictogram.svg|30px]] Wrestling==
{{main|Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
Colombia has qualified three quota place.

;Women's freestyle
{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Qualification
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!Repechage 1
!Repechage 2
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size: 95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!width=50|Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Carolina Castillo (wrestler)|Carolina Castillo]]
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 48 kg|-48 kg]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Jackeline Renteria]]
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 55 kg|-55 kg]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Ana Talia Betancourt]]
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 72 kg|-72 kg]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==See also==
*[[Colombia at the 2011 Pan American Games]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Nations at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}

[[Category:Nations at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Colombia at the Olympics|2012]]
[[Category:2012 in Colombia]]

[[ar:كولومبيا في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2012]]
[[de:Olympische Sommerspiele 2012/Teilnehmer (Kolumbien)]]
[[fr:Colombie aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2012]]
[[nl:Colombia op de Olympische Zomerspelen 2012]]
[[no:Colombia under Sommer-OL 2012]]
[[pt:Colômbia nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2012]]
[[ru:Колумбия на летних Олимпийских играх 2012]]
[[sv:Colombia i olympiska sommarspelen 2012]]
[[zh:2012年夏季奧林匹克運動會哥倫比亞代表團]]

Landquart, Switzerland

2012-02-01T14:38:06Z

Aliman5040: +coat of arms

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Landquart
| image_photo = Mastrils Ansicht.jpg
| image_caption = Mastrils village in Landquart
| municipality_name = Landquart
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = landquart-coat of arms.svg|pixel_coa=
| map =
| languages =
| canton = Graubünden
| iso-code-region = CH-GR
| district = [[Landquart (district)|Landquart]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=58|lat_NS=N|long_d=9|long_m=32|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 7303, 7206
| municipality_code = 3955
| area = 7.98
| elevation = 550|elevation_description=
| population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-GR|3955}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-GR}}
| website =
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Bad Ragaz]] (SG), [[Maienfeld]], [[Malans, Switzerland|Malans]], [[Mastrils]], [[Pfäfers]] (SG), [[Untervaz]], [[Valzeina]], [[Zizers]]
| twintowns =
|}}
'''Landquart''' is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Landquart (district)|Landquart]] in the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Graubünden]]. It was formed when the municipalities of [[Igis]] and [[Mastrils]] merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Landquart.<ref name=Fusion>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{de icon}} accessed 21 December 2011</ref>

==History==
Igis is first mentioned about 840 as ''Ovinae/Aviuns''. In 1149 it was mentioned as ''Auuine'', in 1225 as ''Huiuns'' and in 1253 as ''Yges''.<ref name=HDS_Igis>{{HDS|1598|Igis}}</ref> Mastrils is first mentioned in 1318 as ''Ponstrils''. In 1345 it was mentioned as ''Bastrils''.<ref name=HDS_Mastrils>{{HDS|1599|Mastrils}}</ref>

==Geography==
The new municipality has a total area of {{Swiss area|3955|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|3955|QUELLE}}

==Demographics==
Mastrils has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3955}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}}

==Historic Population==
The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=trueSwiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000] {{de icon}} accessed 29 January 2011</ref>
<timeline>
Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize = width:1100 height:500
PlotArea = height:350 left:100 bottom:90 right:100
Legend = columns:3 left:220 top:70 columnwidth:160
AlignBars = justify
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:7800
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:2000 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:400 start:0
Colors=
id:IG value:yellowgreen legend:Igis
id:MA value:green legend:Mastrils
PlotData=
color:yellowgreen width:30 mark:(line,white) align:center
bar:1850 from: 0 till:637 text:"637" color:IG
bar:1860 from: 0 till:579 text:"579" color:IG
bar:1870 from: 0 till:723 text:"723" color:IG
bar:1880 from: 0 till:989 text:"989" color:IG
bar:1890 from: 0 till:1057 text:"1,057" color:IG
bar:1900 from: 0 till:1201 text:"1,201" color:IG
bar:1910 from: 0 till:1792 text:"1,792" color:IG
bar:1920 from: 0 till:2159 text:"2,159" color:IG
bar:1930 from: 0 till:2197 text:"2,197" color:IG
bar:1940 from: 0 till:2424 text:"2,424" color:IG
bar:1950 from: 0 till:2794 text:"2,794" color:IG
bar:1960 from: 0 till:3902 text:"3,902" color:IG
bar:1970 from: 0 till:5283 text:"5,283" color:IG
bar:1980 from: 0 till:5392 text:"5,392" color:IG
bar:1990 from: 0 till:6583 text:"6,583" color:IG
bar:2000 from: 0 till:7228 text:"7,228" color:IG
bar:1850 from: 637 till:1097 text:"460" color:MA
bar:1860 from: 579 till:1010 text:"431" color:MA
bar:1870 from: 723 till:1107 text:"384" color:MA
bar:1880 from: 989 till:1374 text:"385" color:MA
bar:1890 from: 1057 till:1436 text:"379" color:MA
bar:1900 from: 1201 till:1523 text:"322" color:MA
bar:1910 from: 1792 till:2221 text:"429" color:MA
bar:1920 from: 2159 till:2551 text:"392" color:MA
bar:1930 from: 2197 till:2628 text:"431" color:MA
bar:1940 from: 2424 till:2837 text:"413" color:MA
bar:1950 from: 2794 till:3227 text:"433" color:MA
bar:1960 from: 3902 till:4289 text:"387" color:MA
bar:1970 from: 5283 till:5747 text:"464" color:MA
bar:1980 from: 5392 till:5842 text:"450" color:MA
bar:1990 from: 6583 till:7168 text:"585" color:MA
bar:2000 from: 7228 till:7757 text:"529" color:MA
</timeline>

==Sightseeing and culture==
===Heritage sites of national significance===
[[Marschlins Castle]] and the surrounding grounds are listed as a Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage site of national significance]].<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance] 21.11.2008 version, {{de icon}} accessed 15-Oct-2009</ref> The castle is the family castle of the noble family of Salis-Marschlins.

<gallery>
File:Marschlins Allee.jpg|Road leading to the castle
File:Marschlins Ansicht Südseite.jpg|Castle and surrounding countryside
File:Marschlins Front.jpg|Front view of the castle
</gallery>

===Castles===
[[File:Falkenstein Nordwand innen.jpg|thumb|North wall of Falkenstein Castle]]
In addition to the Marschlins Castle, Landquart is also home to the ruins of [[Falkenstein Castle (Igis)|Falkenstein Castle]].

===Churchs===
* The Roman Catholic Church of St. Fidelis was built in 1908 in Landquart village.

* The current Reformed church in Igis village was built to its current appearance in 1486. At that time, the [[nave]] was extended to the south and the [[Choir (architecture)|choir]] was expanded. The [[Cathedral_architecture#West_front|main portal]] was also built in 1486, as this date is carved into the stone. The paintings on the north-east wall date from before the 1486 renovation. It is believed that this wall is part of ''St. Damian's Church in Ovine'' that was mentioned in 841, though this identification is debated. Part of the identification rests on the fact that the bell of the church contains an inscription that indicates that it was dedicated to Cosmas and Damian. Regardless, the current church is clearly mentioned about 1300 in the records of [[Pfäfers Abbey]].<ref>[http://www.igis-landquart-ref.ch/virtual/dHBsPWNudCxjYWxsPTcsY250PTc.html History of the Igis Church] {{de icon}}</ref>

* The Church in Landquart village was built in the 20th Century as the village section grew. The land was acquired in 1914, though construction began only in 1925. Construction finished on 11 January 1926.<ref>[http://www.igis-landquart-ref.ch/virtual/dHBsPWNudCxjYWxsPTgsY250PTQ0OQ.html History of the Landquart Church] {{de icon}}</ref>

Arriving at Landquart railway station you may also want to continue by foot in a multiday hike towards Klosters on the ''Prättigauer Höhenweg''<ref>[http://en.graubuenden.ch/hiking-switzerland/trekking/72-praettigauer-hoehenweg-landquart-klosters.html Hiking Switzerland Landquart-Klosters, Graubünden]</ref> instead of using the Rhetian Railway.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}

{{Municipalities of the district of Landquart}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Graubünden]]
[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden]]

[[de:Landquart GR]]
[[es:Landquart]]
[[fr:Landquart (Grisons)]]
[[nl:Landquart (plaats)]]
[[ru:Ландкварт]]
[[fi:Landquart]]

Herzogenbuchsee

2008-12-14T14:32:04Z

Aliman5040: +coat of arms

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Herzogenbuchsee
| municipality_name = Herzogenbuchsee
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Herzogenbuchsee-coat of arms.svg
|pixel_coa=
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Wangen (district)|Wangen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=11|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=42|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3360
| municipality_code = 0979
| area = 6.8
| elevation = 458|elevation_description=
| population = 6719|populationof = January 2008 | popofyear = 2008
| website = www.herzogenbuchsee.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Bettenhausen]], [[Graben]], [[Heimenhausen]], [[Niederönz]], [[Oberönz]], [[Thörigen]], [[Thunstetten]], [[Wanzwil]]
| twintowns = [[Senica]] (Slovakia)
|}}

'''Herzogenbuchsee''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Wangen (district)|Wangen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

The population is 6,719 (2008), counting the villages in the [[Oberaargau]]. The traditional name was ''Buchsi''.

==History==
Herzogenbuchsee is built on a [[moraine]] of the [[Rhone Glacier]]. The area has been settled for at least 10,000 years, with ancient settlements around the [[Inkwilersee]] and [[Burgäschisee]]. There is also evidence of Roman buildings from approximately 200 CE near the current Reformed Church.

The first documented use of the name ''puhsa'' (pronounced ''Buchsa'', in [[Latin]] ''buxum'', meaning "[[Buxus|box]]") is found in the writings of [[Saint Gall]]us in 886 CE. In the following centuries Buchsi came under the rule of [[Burgundy]], the [[Zähringer]], the [[Kyburger]], and finally, under the [[Altberni]] sovereignty.

==External links==
*[http://www.herzogenbuchsee.ch Official website] {{de icon}}
*{{HDS|565|Herzogenbuchsee}}

{{Municipalities of the district of Wangen}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[es:Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[fr:Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[it:Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[nl:Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[ru:Херцогенбуксе]]
[[sv:Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[vo:Herzogenbuchsee]]

Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf

2007-12-13T07:35:15Z

Aliman5040: +es

{{Current|date=December 2007}}
{{Infobox Politician
| name=Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf
| image=
| imagesize=120px
| office=
| term_start=
| term_end=
| predecessor=
| birth_date={{birth date and age|1956|3|16}}
| birth_place=
| party=[[Swiss People's Party |SVP/UDC]]
| spouse=
|}}

'''Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf''' (born [[16 March]] [[1956]]) is a [[Swiss politician]] and lawyer of [[Felsberg, Switzerland|Felsberg]], [[Grisons]], member of the [[Swiss People's Party]], daughter of former federal councillor [[Leon Schlumpf]].

Widmer-Schlumpf received her degree in law at the [[University of Zürich]] in 1981 and her PhD in 1990. She worked as a lawyer from 1987 to 1998. She was elected to the district court of [[Trin]] in 1985, presiding from 1991 to 1997. She was in the [[List of legislative and executive councils of the Cantons of Switzerland|cantonal legislative]] of Grisons 1994 to 1998, and in 1998 was elected to the cantonal government as the first woman, acting as president in 2001 and [[List of 2005 office-holders in Switzerland|2005]].

Widmer-Schlumpf was named as an alternative candidate to [[Christoph Blocher]] by the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrat]] and [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green]] fractions in the [[Swiss Federal Council elections of 12 December 2007]]. In the first round, she received 116 votes, compared to 111 votes for Blocher. In the second round, she was elected [[Swiss Federal Council|federal councillor]] with 125 votes, 115 votes going to Blocher and 6 spurious, empty or invalid. She accepted her election on [[13 December]] [[2007]].

==External links==
*[http://www.fdk-cdf.ch/d/Fdk_gr.htm homepage at the conference of cantonal finance directors]
*[http://www.dfg.gr.ch/departement/vorsteherin.htm Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf: CV].



{{start box}}
{{succession box | before = ([[Christoph Blocher]]) |title = [[Member of the Swiss Federal Council]] | years = 2008– | after = None (Elect)}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Widmer-Schlumpf, Eveline}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Swiss politicians]]


[[de:Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf]]
[[es:Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf]]
[[fr:Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf]]
[[it:Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf]]
[[la:Evelina Widmer Schlumpf]]
[[nl:Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf]]
[[pl:Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf]]

Forst-Längenbühl

2007-11-04T14:53:21Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Forst-Längenbühl
| municipality_name = Forst-Längenbühl
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Forst Längenbühl-coat of arms.svg
| map = Karte_Gemeinde_Forst-Längenbühl.png
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Thun (district)|Thun]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=45|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=31|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3636
| municipality_code =
| area = 4.50
| elevation = 652|elevation_description=
| population = 743|populationof = December 2005 | popofyear = 2005
| website =
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places = [[Längenbühl]], [[Forst, Switzerland|Forst]]
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Blumenstein]], [[Gurzelen]], [[Thierachern]], [[Uebeschi]], [[Uetendorf]], [[Wattenwil]]
| twintowns =
|}}
'''Forst-Längenbühl''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Thun (district)|Thun]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Canton of Berne|Berne]] in [[Switzerland]]. It was formed on [[January 1]], [[2007]] through the uniting of [[Längenbühl]] and [[Forst, Switzerland|Forst]].

{{Municipalities of the district of Thun}}

{{Berne-geo-stub}}

[[de:Forst-Längenbühl]]
[[es:Forst-Längenbühl]]
[[fr:Forst-Längenbühl]]
[[nl:Forst-Längenbühl]]
[[ru:Форст-Ленгенбюль]]
[[vo:Forst-Längenbühl]]

Bargen, Bern

2007-09-29T17:15:08Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Bargen
| municipality_name = Bargen
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Bargen-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Aarberg (district)|Aarberg]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=2|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=15|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3282
| municipality_code = 0302
| area = 7.86
| elevation = 448|elevation_description=
| population = 926|populationof=2005
| website = www.bargen-be.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Niederried bei Kallnach]], [[Kallnach]], [[Siselen]], [[Walperswil]], [[Kappelen]], [[Aarberg]], [[Radelfingen]].
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Bargen''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Aarberg (district)|Aarberg]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Canton of Berne|Berne]] in [[Switzerland]].

It is a reformed [[parish]] and is now part of the district of [[Aarberg]]. Its official language is [[German language|German]].

==Geography==

Bargen is located in Grossen Moos, a very flat fertile area in Seeland. The surrounding parishes starting from the south and going clockwise are Niederried bei Kallnash, [[Kallnach]], Siselen, Walperswil, [[Kappelen]], Aarberg and Radelfingen. The border into Radelfingen is defined by the tributary of the [[Rhine]] called the [[Aar]]. To the north, Bargen is confined by the Aare-Hagneck canal. 71.0% of the parish’s plains are used for agricultural purposes.

==Population==

95.32% of the population of Bargen speak German. Only a very small number of residents speak Serbo-Croatian or Portuguese. The parish council consists of 7 members. The name of the parish president is Kurt Mori.

==Transport==

Bargen is situated on the [[Lyss]]-Kerzers train line and has its own railway station. The village itself is spread along the main road from Aarberg to Kerzers.

==External links==
* [http://www.bargen-be.ch/ Commune of Bargen (in German)]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?ie=UTF8&hl=en&ll=47.03562,7.261877&spn=0.021966,0.027637&t=h&z=15&om=1 Google Maps]

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Aarberg}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Bargen BE]]
[[es:Bargen]]
[[fr:Bargen (Berne)]]
[[it:Bargen (Berna)]]
[[nl:Bargen (Bern)]]
[[ru:Барген (Берн)]]
[[sv:Bargen (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Ruppoldsried

2007-09-12T16:41:20Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Ruppoldsried
| municipality_name = Ruppoldsried
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Ruppoldsried-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Fraubrunnen (district)|Fraubrunnen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=5|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=26|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3251
| municipality_code = 0548
| area = 2.2
| elevation = 490|elevation_description=
| population = 256|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.ruppoldsried.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Balm bei Messen]] (SO), [[Messen]] (SO), [[Rapperswil, Berne|Rapperswil]], [[Wengi]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Ruppoldsried''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Fraubrunnen (district)|Fraubrunnen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Fraubrunnen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Ruppoldsried]]
[[es:Ruppoldsried]]
[[fr:Ruppoldsried]]
[[it:Ruppoldsried]]
[[nl:Ruppoldsried]]
[[ru:Руппольдсрид]]
[[sv:Ruppoldsried (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rüti bei Lyssach

2007-09-12T16:32:51Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rüti bei Lyssach
| municipality_name = Rüti bei Lyssach
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rüti bei Lyssach-coat of arms.svg
| map = Karte Gemeinde Rüti bei Lyssach.png
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Burgdorf (district)]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=03|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=35|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3421
| municipality_code =
| area = 1.3
| elevation = 523|elevation_description=
| population = 156|populationof=2005
| website =
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Burgdorf]], [[Lyssach]], [[Mötschwil]], [[Oberburg]]
| twintowns =
|}}
'''Rüti bei Lyssach''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Burgdorf (district)|Burgdorf]] in the [[cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Berne (canton)|Berne]] in [[Switzerland]].

==Geography==
Rüti bei Lyssach is located at 532 meters above sea level, 4 kilometers [[as the crow flies]] west of the district capital [[Burgdorf]]. The small agricultural village is situated in a [[copse]] on the southern edge of the [[floodplain]] of the [[Emme (river)|Emme]] on the base of the [[molasse]] of the [[Swiss plateau]].

The area of 1.3 km² includes a cragged portion of the plateau. Most of it consists of the [[Dell (landform)|dell]] of Rüti, which is drained by a creek into the Emme. The dell is surrounded by several mountains [[Räbberg]] and [[Binzberg]] in the north, [[Büelhölzli]] in the west, and [[Schneiteberg]] in the south. The highest in Rüti bei Lyssach is located on the northern slop of Schneiteberg with 590 meters above sea level. To the east the territory of the municipality reaches to the [[embankment]] of the [[Rohrmishubel]]. In [[1997]], 9% of the municipality's territory was urban, 11% was forested, and the remaining 80% were in agricultural use.

Rüti bei Lyssach is neighbored by [[Lyssach]], Burgdorf, [[Oberburg]] and [[Mötschwil]].

==Population==
With 156 inhabitants Rüti bei Lyssach is one of the smallest municipalities in the canton of Berne. 97.4% of the inhabitants speak [[German language|German]], 0.6% speak [[French language|French]], and another 0.6% speak [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. In [[1850]], 132 people lived in the village, in [[1900]], there were 128. During the [[20th century]], the population oscillated between 100 and 140 inhabitants, in the last few years the population has been growing.

==Economy==
In the second half of the 19th century, [[agriculture]] was the most important economic sector. Today, [[tillage]], [[pomiculture]], and [[stock-breeding]] are still very important for the population of the village. Besides the [[primary sector]], there are very few jobs in Rüti bei Lyssach. Many inhabitants commute to Burgdorf.

==Transportation==
Rüti bei Lyssach is situated just 500 meters away from the old road from [[Berne]] via [[Hindelbank]] to Burgdorf. The nearest connection to the [[A1 (Switzerland)|A1]], which goes from Berne to [[Zürich]], is about 3 kilometers away from the center of the village. A bus line of the [[Regionalverkehr Mittelland AG]] connects Rüti bei Lyssach to [[Bolligen]] and Burgdorf.

==History==
The village was first documented in [[1346]] under the name ''Rüti''. The name cames from the [[Old High German]] word ''riod'' meaning [[Glade (geography)|clearing]]. In the [[Middle Ages]], the village belonged to the [[Count of Kyburg]]. In [[1406]], Berne gained control of it.

==References==
*{{German|Rüti bei Lyssach|June 25, 2006}}

{{Municipalities of the district of Burgdorf}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruti bei Lyssach}}

[[de:Rüti bei Lyssach]]
[[es:Rüti bei Lyssach]]
[[fr:Rüti bei Lyssach]]
[[it:Rüti bei Lyssach]]
[[nl:Rüti bei Lyssach]]
[[ru:Рюти-Лисах]]
[[sv:Rüti bei Lyssach (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh

2007-09-12T16:24:33Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh
| municipality_name = Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Burgdorf (district)|Burgdorf]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=5|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=35|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3422
| municipality_code = 0420
| area = 2.72
| elevation = 505|elevation_description=
| population = 2126|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.ruedtligen-alchenflueh.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Aefligen]], [[Fraubrunnen]], [[Kirchberg, Berne|Kirchberg]], [[Lyssach]], [[Utzenstorf]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Burgdorf (district)|Burgdorf]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

==External links==
* {{HDS|8309|Alchenflüh}}

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Burgdorf}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne|Rudtlingen-Alchenfluh]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rudtligen-Alchenfluh}}

[[de:Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh]]
[[es:Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh]]
[[fr:Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh]]
[[it:Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh]]
[[nl:Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh]]
[[ru:Рюдтлиген-Альхенфлю]]
[[sv:Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rumendingen

2007-09-12T16:16:43Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rumendingen
| municipality_name = Rumendingen
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rumendingen-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Burgdorf (district)|Burgdorf]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=6|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=39|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3472
| municipality_code = 0421
| area = 2.5
| elevation = 526|elevation_description=
| population = 87|populationof=January 2005
| website =
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Alchenstorf]], [[Ersigen]], [[Niederösch]], [[Oberösch]], [[Wynigen]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rumendingen''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Burgdorf (district)|Burgdorf]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Burgdorf}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Rumendingen]]
[[es:Rumendingen]]
[[fr:Rumendingen]]
[[it:Rumendingen]]
[[nl:Rumendingen]]
[[ru:Румендинген]]
[[sv:Rumendingen (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rubigen

2007-09-12T16:08:15Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rubigen
| municipality_name = Rubigen
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rubigen-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Konolfingen (district)|Konolfingen]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=54|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=33|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3113
| municipality_code = 0623
| area = 7.0
| elevation = 549|elevation_description=
| population = 2493|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.rubigen.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Allmendingen]], [[Belp]], [[Münsingen]], [[Trimstein]], [[Worb]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rubigen''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Konolfingen (district)|Konolfingen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Konolfingen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Rubigen]]
[[es:Rubigen]]
[[fr:Rubigen]]
[[it:Rubigen]]
[[nl:Rubigen]]
[[ru:Рубиген]]
[[sv:Rubigen (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rüderswil

2007-09-12T15:57:46Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rüderswil
| municipality_name = Rüderswil
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rüderswil-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Signau (district)|Signau]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=59|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=43|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3437
| municipality_code = 0905
| area = 17.2
| elevation = 655|elevation_description=
| population = 2,291|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.ruederswil.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Hasle bei Burgdorf]], [[Landiswil]], [[Lauperswil]], [[Lützelflüh]], [[Trachselwald]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rüderswil''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Signau (district)|Signau]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Signau}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruderswil}}

{{commonscat|Rüderswil}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne|Ruderswil]]

[[de:Rüderswil]]
[[es:Rüderswil]]
[[fr:Rüderswil]]
[[it:Rüderswil]]
[[nl:Rüderswil]]
[[ru:Рюдерсвиль]]
[[sv:Rüderswil (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Röthenbach im Emmental

2007-09-12T15:47:03Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Röthenbach im Emmental
| municipality_name = Röthenbach im Emmental
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Röthenbach im Emmental-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Signau (district)|Signau]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=51|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=44|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3538
| municipality_code = 0904
| area = 36.8
| elevation = 824|elevation_description=
| population = 1,311|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.roethenbach.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Bowil]], [[Buchholterberg]], [[Eggiwil]], [[Eriz]], [[Linden]], [[Oberlangenegg]], [[Schangnau]], [[Signau]], [[Wachseldorn]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Röthenbach im Emmental''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Signau (district)|Signau]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Signau}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rothenbach im Emmental}}

{{commonscat|Röthenbach im Emmental}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne|Rothenbach im Emmental]]

[[de:Röthenbach im Emmental]]
[[es:Röthenbach im Emmental]]
[[fr:Röthenbach im Emmental]]
[[it:Röthenbach im Emmental]]
[[nl:Röthenbach im Emmental]]
[[pt:Röthenbach im Emmental]]
[[ru:Рётенбах (Эмменталь)]]
[[sv:Röthenbach im Emmental (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rumisberg

2007-09-10T18:42:13Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rumisberg
| municipality_name = Rumisberg
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rumisberg-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Wangen (district)|Wangen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=16|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=38|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 4539
| municipality_code = 0987
| area = 5.2
| elevation = 638|elevation_description=
| population = 478|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.rumisberg.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Aedermannsdorf]] (SO), [[Attiswil]], [[Farnern]], [[Herbetswil]] (SO), [[Matzendorf]] (SO), [[Oberbipp]], [[Wiedlisbach]], [[Wolfisberg]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rumisberg''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Wangen (district)|Wangen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Wangen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Rumisberg]]
[[es:Rumisberg]]
[[fr:Rumisberg]]
[[it:Rumisberg]]
[[nl:Rumisberg]]
[[ru:Румисберг]]
[[sv:Rumisberg (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rüti bei Riggisberg

2007-09-10T18:33:46Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rüti bei Riggisberg
| municipality_name = Rüti bei Riggisberg
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rüti bei Riggisberg-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Seftigen (district)|Seftigen]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=47|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=27|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3099
| municipality_code = 0882
| area = 22.2
| elevation = 823|elevation_description=
| population = 420|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.rueti-br.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Blumenstein]], [[Burgistein]], [[Riggisberg]], [[Rüeggisberg]], [[Rüschegg]], [[Wattenwil]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rüti bei Riggisberg''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Seftigen (district)|Seftigen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Seftigen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne|Ruti bei Riggisberg]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruti bei Riggisberg}}

[[de:Rüti bei Riggisberg]]
[[es:Rüti bei Riggisberg]]
[[fr:Rüti bei Riggisberg]]
[[it:Rüti bei Riggisberg]]
[[nl:Rüti bei Riggisberg]]
[[pt:Rüti bei Riggisberg]]
[[ru:Рюти-Риггисберг]]
[[sv:Rüti bei Riggisberg (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rütschelen

2007-09-10T18:24:43Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rütschelen
| municipality_name = Rütschelen
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rütschelen-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=10|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=47|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 4933
| municipality_code = 0340
| area = 4.0
| elevation = 545|elevation_description=
| population = 534|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.ruetschelen.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Bleienbach]], [[Leimiswil]], [[Lotzwil]], [[Madiswil]], [[Ochlenberg]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rütschelen''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Aarwangen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne|Rutschelen]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rutschelen}}

[[de:Rütschelen]]
[[es:Rütschelen]]
[[fr:Rütschelen]]
[[it:Rütschelen]]
[[nl:Rütschelen]]
[[ru:Рючелен]]
[[sv:Rütschelen (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Jaberg

2007-09-09T15:46:38Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Jaberg
| municipality_name = Jaberg
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Jaberg-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Seftigen (district)|Seftigen]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=49|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=34|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3629
| municipality_code = 0868
| area = 1.3
| elevation = 540|elevation_description=
| population = 234|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.jaberg.be
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Kiesen]], [[Kirchdorf]], [[Uttigen]], [[Wichtrach]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Jaberg''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Seftigen (district)|Seftigen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

==External links==
* {{HDS|491|Jaberg}}

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Seftigen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Jaberg]]
[[es:Jaberg]]
[[fr:Jaberg]]
[[it:Jaberg]]
[[nl:Jaberg]]
[[pt:Jaberg]]
[[ru:Яберг]]
[[sv:Jaberg]]

Pieterlen

2007-09-09T15:40:21Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Pieterlen
| municipality_name = Pieterlen
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Pieterlen-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Büren (district)|Büren]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=11|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=20|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 2542
| municipality_code = 0392
| area = 8.3
| elevation = 436|elevation_description=
| population = 3,295|populationof=2005
| website = www.pieterlen.ch
| mayor = Ueli Anliker|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Lengnau BE]], [[Meinisberg]], [[Safnern]], [[Biel/Bienne]], [[Vauffelin]], [[Romont BE]]
| twintowns =
|}}
'''Pieterlen''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Perles'') is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Büren (district)|Büren]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

Pieterlen lies at the foot of the [[Jura mountains]] in the Bernese [[Seeland (Switzerland)|Seeland]].

== Further reading ==
* Heinz Rauscher: ''Pieterlen und seine Nachbarn'', Hornerblätter der Vereinigung für Heimatpflege Büren, 2005 {{de icon}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.heimatpflege.ch Vereinigung für Heimatpflege Büren] many publications about Pieterlen and the Büren district {{de icon}}
* [http://users.quick-line.ch/nolimits/webcam.html Webcam]

{{Municipalities of the district of Büren}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

{{Berne-geo-stub}}

[[de:Pieterlen]]
[[es:Pieterlen]]
[[fr:Pieterlen]]
[[it:Pieterlen]]
[[nl:Pieterlen]]
[[ru:Питерлен]]
[[sv:Pieterlen (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Plagne, Switzerland

2007-09-09T15:32:55Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Plagne
| municipality_name = Plagne
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Plagne-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Courtelary (district)|Courtelary]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=11|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=17|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 2536
| municipality_code = 0440
| area = 7.55
| elevation = 862|elevation_description=
| population = 392|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.plagne.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Péry]], [[Vauffelin]], [[Romont (Berne)|Romont]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Plagne''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Courtelary (district)|Courtelary]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. It is located in the French-speaking [[Bernese Jura]] (''Jura Bernois'').

==External links==
*[http://www.plagne.ch Website of the municipality of Plagne]

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Courtelary}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Plagne BE]]
[[es:Plagne (Berna)]]
[[fr:Plagne (Berne)]]
[[it:Plagne (Svizzera)]]
[[nl:Plagne (Zwitserland)]]
[[ru:Плань (Берн)]]
[[sv:Plagne (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Pohlern

2007-09-09T15:26:22Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Pohlern
| municipality_name = Pohlern
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Pohlern-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Thun (district)|Thun]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=43|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=32|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3638
| municipality_code = 0936
| area = 10.67
| elevation = 710|elevation_description=
| population = 225|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.pohlern.ch
| mayor = Bruno Minder|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Därstetten]], [[Oberstocken]], [[Höfen, Thun|Höfen]], [[Uebeschi|Übeschi]], and [[Blumenstein]].
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Pohlern''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Thun (district)|Thun]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. It lies on the northern side of the Stockhorn mountains in the lower end of the Stockental valley. Like most of the canton of Bern, it is German-speaking.

==References==
<references/>
::''This article is based in part on material from the [[:de:Pohlern|German Wikipedia]]''.

== External links ==
* [http://www.ch.ch/partner/pohlern-be/ Official Website of the municipality of Pohlern] in German;
* [http://www.pohlern.ch/ Homepage of municipality] in German;

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Thun}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Pohlern]]
[[es:Pohlern]]
[[fr:Pohlern]]
[[it:Pohlern]]
[[nl:Pohlern]]
[[pt:Pohlern]]
[[ru:Полерн]]
[[sv:Pohlern (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Port, Switzerland

2007-09-09T15:16:24Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Port
| municipality_name = Port
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Port-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Nidau (district)|Nidau]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=7|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=15|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 2562
| municipality_code = 0745
| area = 2.5
| elevation = 448|elevation_description=
| population = 2928|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.port.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Aegerten]], [[Bellmund]], [[Biel/Bienne]], [[Brügg]], [[Ipsach]], [[Jens]], [[Nidau]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Port''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]], located in the district of [[Nidau (district)|Nidau]].

The town lies on the Nidau-Büren [[canal]], which links [[Lake Biel]] with the [[Orbe River]].

== External links ==
*[http://www.port.ch Official website]

{{Municipalities of the district of Nidau}}

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[als:Port BE]]
[[de:Port BE]]
[[es:Port]]
[[fr:Port (Berne)]]
[[it:Port (Berna)]]
[[nl:Port (Zwitserland)]]
[[sv:Port (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Radelfingen

2007-09-09T15:12:02Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Radelfingen
| municipality_name = Radelfingen
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Radelfingen-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Aarberg (district)|Aarberg]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=1|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=16|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3271
| municipality_code = 0309
| area = 14.70
| elevation = 500|elevation_description=
| population = 1195|populationof=2005
| website = www.radelfingen.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Mühleberg]], [[Golaten]], [[Niederried bei Kallnach]], [[Bargen BE]], [[Aarberg]], [[Seedorf_BE]], [[Wohlen bei Bern]]
| twintowns = [[Poběžovice|Pobezovice]] (Czech Republic)
|}}

'''Radelfingen''' is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Aarberg (district)|Aarberg]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

The municipality lies in the [[Swiss plateau]] and is 20 km from [[Bern]] and 7 km from [[Aarberg]].

The following towns are part of the municipality:
*Detligen
*Jucher
*Landerswil
*Matzwil
*Obermatt
*Ostermanigen
*Oltigen (French: ''Ostrangles'')
*Oberruntigen

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Aarberg}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Radelfingen]]
[[es:Radelfingen]]
[[fr:Radelfingen]]
[[it:Radelfingen]]
[[nl:Radelfingen]]
[[ru:Радельфинген]]
[[sv:Radelfingen (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rapperswil, Bern

2007-09-09T14:46:42Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rapperswil
| municipality_name = Rapperswil
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rapperswil-coat of arms.svg
| map = Karte Gemeinde Rapperswil.png
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Aarberg (district)|Aarberg]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=4|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=25|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3255, 3256
| municipality_code = 0310
| area = 18.2
| elevation = 521|elevation_description=
| population = 4026|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.rapperswil-be.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Scheunen]], [[Bangerten]], [[Zuzwil, Bern|Zuzwil]], [[Deisswil bei Münchenbuchsee]], [[Münchenbuchsee]], [[Schüpfen]], [[Grossaffoltern]], [[Wengi]], [[Ruppoldsried]], and [[Messen]] (in the [[Canton of Solothurn]])
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rapperswil''' is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Aarberg (district)|Aarberg]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. It lies 13 km north of the capital [[Bern]].

It lies on the [[Swiss Plateau]] and stretches between the valleys of the [[Limpach River|Limpach]] in the north and the [[Lyss River|Lyss]] in the south.

There are ten communities within the municipality:
*Rapperswil (521 m), at the entrance of the Wilbach stream, with the hamlet Habanger (515 m) west of the Wilbach, population 583.
*Wierezwil (521 m) on the western plateau, with the hamlet Rüberi (523 m), population 164.
*Frauchwil (503 m) in the valley of the Hohschwerzibach stream, population 81.
*Zimlisberg (527 m) on the eastern plateau, with the hamlet Holzhäusern (522), population 121.
*Bittwil (552 m) on the plateau south of the Limpach, population 68.
*Vogelsang (539 m) in a clearing in the Buechwald forest, poopulation 58.
*Seewil (554 m) on the plateau between the Hardwald forest and Äckenberg, population 209.
*Dieterswil (562 m) on the plateau north of Äckenberg, population 262.
*Moosaffoltern (584 m) on the plateau south of Oberholzes, in the Moossee valley, population 90.
*Lätti (540 m) in the northern valley branch of the Moossee valley, population 449.

==External links==
*[http://www.swisscastles.ch/aviation/Bern/rapperswil.html Aerial photos] {{De icon}}

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Aarberg}}

[[de:Rapperswil BE]]
[[es:Rapperswil (Berna)]]
[[fr:Rapperswil (Berne)]]
[[it:Rapperswil (Berna)]]
[[nl:Rapperswil (Bern)]]
[[ru:Рапперсвиль (Берн)]]
[[sv:Rapperswil (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Reichenbach im Kandertal

2007-09-09T14:40:25Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Reichenbach im Kandertal
| municipality_name = Reichenbach im Kandertal
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Reichenbach im Kandertal-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Frutigen (district)|Frutigen]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=35|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=39|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3713
| municipality_code = 0567
| area = 125.8
| elevation = 700|elevation_description=
| population = 3,342|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.reichenbach.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Aeschi bei Spiez]], [[Diemtigen]], [[Frutigen]], [[Kandergrund]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Lauterbrunnen]], [[Wimmis]]
| twintowns =
|}}
'''Reichenbach im Kandertal''' is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Frutigen (district)|Frutigen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. Until 1957 it was known as ''Reichenbach bei Frutigen''.

Since 1910, the nearby mountain of Niesen (altitude 2362 m) can be ascended at gradients of up to 68% via the [[Niesenbahn]], which with a length of 3499 m is the longest [[funicular railway]] in Europe.

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Frutigen}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Reichenbach im Kandertal]]
[[es:Reichenbach im Kandertal]]
[[fr:Reichenbach im Kandertal]]
[[it:Reichenbach im Kandertal]]
[[nl:Reichenbach im Kandertal]]
[[pt:Reichenbach im Kandertal]]
[[ru:Райхенбах (Кандерталь)]]
[[sv:Reichenbach im Kandertal (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Reisiswil

2007-09-09T14:31:00Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Reisiswil
| municipality_name = Reisiwil
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Reisiswil-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=10|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=51|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 4919
| municipality_code = 0336
| area = 2.00
| elevation = 645|elevation_description=
| population = 200|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.reisiswil.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Gondiswil]], [[Madiswil]], [[Melchnau]]
| twintowns =
|}}
'''Reisiwil''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Aarwangen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Reisiswil]]
[[es:Reisiswil]]
[[fr:Reisiswil]]
[[it:Reisiswil]]
[[nl:Reisiswil]]
[[ru:Райзисвиль]]
[[sv:Reisiswil (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Riggisberg

2007-09-09T14:25:34Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Riggisberg
| municipality_name = Riggisberg
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Riggisberg-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Seftigen (district)|Seftigen]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=49|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=29|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3132
| municipality_code = 0879
| area = 7.7
| elevation = 762|elevation_description=
| population = 1976|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.riggisberg.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Burgistein]], [[Kirchenthurnen]], [[Lohnstorf]], [[Mühlethurnen]], [[Rüeggisberg]], [[Rümligen]], [[Rüti bei Riggisberg]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Riggisberg''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Seftigen (district)|Seftigen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Seftigen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Riggisberg]]
[[es:Riggisberg]]
[[fr:Riggisberg]]
[[it:Riggisberg]]
[[nl:Riggisberg]]
[[pt:Riggisberg]]
[[ru:Риггисберг]]
[[sv:Riggisberg (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Ringgenberg

2007-09-09T14:22:13Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Ringgenberg
| municipality_name = Ringgenberg
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Ringgenberg-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Interlaken (district)|Interlaken]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=42|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=54|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3852
| municipality_code = 0590
| area = 8.7
| elevation = 1103|elevation_description=
| population = 2594|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.ringgenberg.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Bönigen]], [[Habkern]], [[Interlaken]], [[Niederried bei Interlaken]], [[Unterseen]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Ringgenberg''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Interlaken (district)|Interlaken]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

It has a small church that was built on the ruins of a castle in the 1600s. It is the municipality of origin for many people with the surnames of Ringgenberg, Ringenberg, and Rinkenberg.

[[Image:Ringgenberg_Church.JPG|thumb|200px|left|Ringgenberg Church]]

== References ==

*[http://europeforvisitors.com/switzaustria/articles/ringgenberg.htm Ringgenberg]
*[http://www.talacker.ch/ Camping Talacker] Camping and Caravan site in Ringgenberg

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Interlaken}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Ringgenberg BE]]
[[es:Ringgenberg]]
[[fr:Ringgenberg]]
[[it:Ringgenberg]]
[[nl:Ringgenberg]]
[[pt:Ringgenberg]]
[[ru:Ринггенберг (Берн)]]
[[sv:Ringgenberg (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Roggwil, Bern

2007-09-09T14:14:07Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Roggwil
| municipality_name = Roggwil
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Roggwil-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=15|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=49|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 4914
| municipality_code = 0337
| area = 7.73
| elevation = 421|elevation_description=
| population = 3743|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.roggwil.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Aarwangen]], [[Langenthal]], [[Murgenthal]] (AG), [[Pfaffnau]] (LU), [[Untersteckholz]], [[Wynau]]
| twintowns =
|}}

{{for|the municipality in Thurgau, Switzerland|Roggwil, Thurgau}}

'''Roggwil''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Aarwangen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Roggwil BE]]
[[es:Roggwil (Berna)]]
[[fr:Roggwil (Berne)]]
[[it:Roggwil (Berna)]]
[[nl:Roggwil (Bern)]]
[[ru:Рогвиль (Берн)]]
[[sv:Roggwil (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rohrbach, Switzerland

2007-09-09T14:09:13Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rohrbach
| municipality_name = Rohrbach
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rohrbach-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=8|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=49|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 4938
| municipality_code = 0338
| area = 4.1
| elevation = 584|elevation_description=
| population = 1401|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.rohrbach-be.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Auswil]], [[Huttwil]], [[Kleindietwil]], [[Rohrbachgraben]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rohrbach''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Aarwangen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Rohrbach BE]]
[[es:Rohrbach]]
[[fr:Rohrbach (Berne)]]
[[it:Rohrbach (Svizzera)]]
[[nl:Rohrbach (Zwitserland)]]
[[ru:Рорбах (Берн)]]
[[sv:Rohrbach (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Rohrbachgraben

2007-09-09T14:05:32Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rohrbachgraben
| municipality_name = Rohrbachgraben
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rohrbachgraben-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=7|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=48|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 4938
| municipality_code = 0339
| area = 6.5
| elevation = 634|elevation_description=
| population = 455|populationof=January 2005
| website =
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Dürrenroth]], [[Huttwil]], [[Kleindietwil]], [[Rohrbach, Switzerland|Rohrbach]], [[Ursenbach]], [[Walterswil, Berne|Walterswil]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rohrbachgraben''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Aarwangen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Rohrbachgraben BE]]
[[es:Rohrbachgraben]]
[[fr:Rohrbachgraben (Berne)]]
[[it:Rohrbachgraben]]
[[nl:Rohrbachgraben]]
[[ru:Рорбахграбен (Берн)]]
[[sv:Rohrbachgraben (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Romont, Bern

2007-09-09T13:58:06Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Romont
| municipality_name = Romont
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Romont BE-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Courtelary (district)|Courtelary]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=11|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=21|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 2538
| municipality_code = 0442
| area = 7.07
| elevation = 907|elevation_description=
| population = 212|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.romont.net
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Court]], [[Sorvilier]], [[Péry]], [[Plagne (Berne)|Plagne]], [[Vauffelin]], [[Pieterlen]] ,[[Lengnau (Berne)|Lengnau]], [[Grenchen]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Romont''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Courtelary (district)|Courtelary]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Canton of Berne|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. It is located in the French-speaking [[Bernese Jura]] (''Jura Bernois'').

It is not to be confused with [[Romont, Fribourg]].

==External links==
*[http://www.romont.net Website of the municipality of Romont]

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Courtelary}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Romont BE]]
[[es:Romont (Berna)]]
[[fr:Romont (Berne)]]
[[it:Romont (Berna)]]
[[nl:Romont (Bern)]]
[[ru:Ромон (Берн)]]
[[sv:Romont (kommun, CH-BE)]]
Bears are Blue.

Rümligen

2007-09-09T13:45:23Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Rümligen
| municipality_name = Rümligen
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Rümligen-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Seftigen (district)|Seftigen]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=50|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=30|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3128
| municipality_code = 0881
| area = 4.7
| elevation = 606|elevation_description=
| population = 453|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.ruemligen.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Gelterfingen]], [[Kaufdorf]], [[Kirchenthurnen]], [[Riggisberg]], [[Rüeggisberg]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Rümligen''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Seftigen (district)|Seftigen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Seftigen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne|Rumligen]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rumligen}}

[[de:Rümligen]]
[[es:Rümligen]]
[[fr:Rümligen]]
[[it:Rümligen]]
[[nl:Rümligen]]
[[pt:Rümligen]]
[[ru:Рюмлиген]]
[[sv:Rümligen (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee

2007-09-09T13:41:17Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee
| municipality_name = Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Wangen (district)|Wangen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=12|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=41|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3373
| municipality_code = 0986
| area = 2.1
| elevation = 462|elevation_description=
| population = 338|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.heimenhausen.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Heimenhausen]], [[Inkwil]], [[Niederönz]], [[Walliswil bei Wangen]], [[Wangenried]], [[Wanzwil]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Wangen (district)|Wangen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Wangen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne|Rothenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rothenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee}}

[[de:Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[es:Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[fr:Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[it:Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[nl:Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee]]
[[ru:Рётенбах-Херцогенбуксе]]
[[sv:Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Jegenstorf

2007-09-01T16:31:37Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Jegenstorf
| municipality_name = Jegenstorf
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Jegenstorf-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Fraubrunnen (district)|Fraubrunnen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=3|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=30|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3303
| municipality_code = 0541
| area = 7.4
| elevation = 521|elevation_description=
| population = 4181|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.jegenstorf.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Ballmoos]], [[Grafenried]], [[Iffwil]], [[Mattstetten]], [[Münchringen]], [[Urtenen-Schönbühl]], [[Zauggenried]], [[Zuzwil, Berne|Zuzwil]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Jegenstorf''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Fraubrunnen (district)|Fraubrunnen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

==External links==
* {{HDS|12902|Jegenstorf}}

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Fraubrunnen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Jegenstorf]]
[[es:Jegenstorf]]
[[fr:Jegenstorf]]
[[it:Jegenstorf]]
[[nl:Jegenstorf]]
[[ru:Йегенсторф]]
[[sv:Jegenstorf (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Mötschwil

2007-08-16T17:58:46Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Mötschwil
| municipality_name = Mötschwil
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Mötschwil-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Burgdorf (district)|Burgdorf]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=3|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=34|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3324
| municipality_code = 0416
| area = 2.9
| elevation = 530|elevation_description=
| population = 119|populationof=January 2005
| website =
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Burgdorf]], [[Hindelbank]], [[Krauchthal]], [[Lyssach]], [[Oberburg]], [[Rüti bei Lyssach]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Mötschwil''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Burgdorf (district)|Burgdorf]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Burgdorf}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne|Motschwil]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Motschwil}}

[[de:Mötschwil]]
[[es:Mötschwil]]
[[fr:Mötschwil]]
[[it:Mötschwil]]
[[nl:Mötschwil]]
[[ru:Мёчвиль]]
[[sv:Mötschwil (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Evilard

2007-07-29T15:23:43Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Evilard
| municipality_name = Evilard
| municipality_type =
| imagepath_coa = Evilard-coat of arms.svg
| map = Karte_Gemeinde_Evilard.png
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Biel (district)|Biel]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=09|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=14|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 2533
| municipality_code = 0372
| area = 3.70
| elevation = 697|elevation_description=
| population = 2312|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.evilard.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Biel/Bienne]], [[Lamboing]], [[Orvin]], [[Tüscherz-Alfermée]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Evilard''' is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Biel (district)|Biel]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. The German name of the bilingual municipality is '''Leubringen'''.

==Geography==

Evilard lies 697 m above [[sea level]], and one kilometer north of the district capital city, [[Biel/Bienne]], [[as the crow flies]]. The town spans a southeast-facing clearing of the front of the [[Jura mountains]], about 300 m over the city of Biel. In clear weather, the view from Evilard of the [[Swiss plateau]] and the [[Alps]] from [[Mont Blanc]] to the region of [[Glärnisch]] and [[Alpstein]] is quite impressive.

The municipal area of 3.7 km² reaches to the height of the [[anticline]] of ''Magglingerberg''. It includes the town of Eviilard, which is surrounded by ''Malewagwald'' (French: ''Malvaux'', up to 765 m altitude). To the southwest, the municipality reaches in a narrow stripe over the Magglingen to the peack of the Magglingerberg, up to the municipal high point of 1070 m. The towns comprise 29% of the area of the municipality (as of 1997), while 40% is forested, 30% is used for agriculture, and less than 1% is unproductive land.

In the municipality is also the town Magglingen (French: ''Macolin''), which lies at 875 m on the southeast slope of Magglingerberg. The neighboring municipalities are Biel/Bienne, [[Orvin]], [[Lamboing]], and [[Tüscherz]].

==Population==
{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:0.5em;" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|- bgcolor="#E3E3E3"
!colspan="2" bgcolor="#E3E3E3" | Population growth
|- bgcolor="#E3E3E3"
!Year
!Population
|-
|align="center"|[[1850]] || align="center"|365
|-
|align="center"|[[1900]] || align="center"|560
|-
|align="center"|[[1910]] || align="center"|633
|-
|align="center"|[[1930]] || align="center"|870
|-
|align="center"|[[1950]] || align="center"|1112
|-
|align="center"|[[1960]] || align="center"|1467
|-
|align="center"|[[1970]] || align="center"|1914
|-
|align="center"|[[1980]] || align="center"|2275
|-
|align="center"|[[1990]] || align="center"|2360
|-
|align="center"|[[2000]] || align="center"|2376
|}

With 2312 inhabitants (at the end of 2004), Evilard is one of the largest municipalities in the [[Bernese Jura]]. In 2004, 60% of the population spoke German, and 40% spoke French. The population of Evilard underwent marked growth in the middle of the 20th century, whereas since 1980 only a small fluctuation has been registered. The migration of a number of settlers from the German-speaking portions of the Canton of Bern has increased the proportion of German speakers in Evilard, an area that was historically dominated by French speakers.

==Economy==
[[Image:Magglingen Sportschule Jubilaeumshalle.jpg|left|thumb|Jubilee Hall of the Eidgenössische Hochschule für Sport Magglingen]]

Evilard was dominated by agriculature until the beginning of the 20th century. Since about 1950, the town has built a large number of single-family homes for commuters working in Biel/Bienne. Magglingen has developed into a resort location starting in about 1875, thanks to its sunny high altitude. Today the town has many tourist facilities, and includes the Eidgenössische Hochschule für Sport Magglingen (Federal College of Physical Education in Magglingen, EHSM).

==Transport==
Transport within the municipality is well-developed. It is linked with Biel/Bienne and Orvin by road. In 1898 a [[funicular railway]] between Biel/Bienne and Evilard was opened. Magglingen is also connected to Biel/Bienne by a funicular railway.

==History==
The first appearance of Evilard in written documents was in 1300, under the name ''Lomeringen''. The French name was ''Evillard'' or ''es Villard'' ("in the town"). A number of monasteries and the [[Bishopric of Basel]] were founded in the Middle Ages in the area. However, judicially and militarily the town was subordinate to the city of Biel. From 1798 to 1815, Evilard belonged to [[France]] and was part of the ''[[Département in France|département]]'' of [[Mont-Terrible]], which was joined with [[Haut-Rhin]] in 1800. At the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815, the town was returned to Switzerland and placed in the [[Canton of Bern]]. At first, Evilard was attached to the [[Nidau (district)|Oberamt Nidau]]; in 1832 it was placed in the Biel district. At times, there is debate over merging with the city of Biel; such a situation was however rejected by the residents in 1902. Evilard doesn't have its own church [[parish]], but until 1821 belonged to the parish of Orvin, and since then to that of Biel.

==External links==
* {{HDS|223}}
* {{de icon}} [http://www.baspo.admin.ch/internet/baspo/de/home/ausbildung00/ausbildung00b.html Eidgenössische Hochschule für Sport Magglingen]

{{Municipalities of the district of Biel}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Evilard]]
[[es:Evilard]]
[[fr:Evilard]]
[[it:Leubringen/Magglingen]]
[[nl:Evilard]]
[[pt:Leubringen/Magglingen]]
[[ru:Эвилар]]
[[sv:Evilard (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Safnern

2007-07-18T22:21:38Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Safnern
| municipality_name = Safnern
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Safnern-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Nidau (district)|Nidau]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=9|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=19|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 2553
| municipality_code = 0746
| area = 5.6
| elevation = 436|elevation_description=
| population = 1,788|populationof=2005
| website = www.safnern.ch
| mayor = Hanspeter Thalhammer|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Pieterlen]], [[Meinisberg]], [[Büren an der Aare]], [[Meienried]], [[Scheuren BE]], [[Orpund]], [[Biel/Bienne]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Safnern''' is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Nidau (district)|Nidau]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

Safnern lies in the Bernese [[Seeland (Switzerland)|Seeland]] at the foot of the Bütten Mountains.

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Nidau}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Safnern]]
[[es:Safnern]]
[[fr:Safnern]]
[[it:Safnern]]
[[nl:Safnern]]
[[ru:Зафнерн]]
[[sv:Safnern (kommun, CH-BE)]]

St. Stephan, Switzerland

2007-07-18T22:16:49Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = St. Stephan BE
| municipality_name = St. Stephan BE
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Sankt Stephan-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Obersimmental (district)|Obersimmental]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=30|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=23|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3772
| municipality_code = 0793
| area = 60.9
| elevation = 1008|elevation_description=
| population = 1,343|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.ststephan.ch
| mayor = Hans Grünenwald|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Zweisimmen]], [[Diemtigen]], [[Adelboden]], [[Lenk im Simmental|Lenk]] and [[Saanen]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''St. Stephan''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Obersimmental (district)|Obersimmental]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

St. Stepahn lies in the [[Bernese Oberland]] in the [[Simmental]] between [[Zweisimmen]] and [[Lenk im Simmental|Lenk]]. The municipality includes Albristhorn (2762 m).

The municipality consists of the villages of Ried, Häusern, Grodey, Matten, Fermel, Obersteg and Zu Hähligen. There is not a place known as St. Stephan.

At the bottom of the valley is a 2050-m paved airfield. A private firm controls the service. The field was built for the military, but it is used for both civilian and military purposes.

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Obersimmental}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Sankt Stephan BE]]
[[es:Sankt Stephan]]
[[fr:Sankt Stephan]]
[[it:Sankt Stephan]]
[[nl:Sankt Stephan]]
[[pt:Sankt Stephan]]
[[ru:Санкт-Штефан (Берн)]]
[[sv:St. Stephan (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Saules, Switzerland

2007-07-18T22:05:29Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Saules
| municipality_name = Saules
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Saules-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Moutier (district)|Moutier]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=15|lat_NS=N|long_d=07|long_m=13|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 2732
| municipality_code = 0707
| area = 4.25
| elevation = 743|elevation_description=
| population = 166|populationof=December 2003
| website =
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Reconvilier]], [[Saicourt]], [[Sornetan]], [[Souboz]], [[Loveresse]]
| twintowns =
|}}

{{For|the village in the canton of Neuchâtel|Fenin-Vilars-Saules}}

'''Saules''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Moutier (district)|Moutier]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. It is located in the French-speaking [[Bernese Jura]] (''Jura Bernois'').

It has a population of 166 and is mostly [[protestant]].

It was first mentioned in the Confirmation Act of [[Pope Eugene III]] in [[1148]]. The [[Bellelay convent]] and the [[Bishop of Basel]] owned land in Saules.

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Moutier}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Saules BE]]
[[es:Saules]]
[[fr:Saules (Berne)]]
[[it:Saules (Berna)]]
[[nl:Saules (Zwitserland)]]
[[ru:Соль (Берн)]]
[[sv:Saules (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Saxeten

2007-07-18T21:56:50Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Saxeten
| municipality_name = Saxeten
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Saxeten-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Interlaken (district)|Interlaken]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=38|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=50|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3813
| municipality_code = 0591
| area = 19.2
| elevation = 1103|elevation_description=
| population = 129|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.saxeten.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Aeschi bei Spiez]], [[Därligen]], [[Lauterbrunnen]], [[Leissigen]], [[Wilderswil]]
| twintowns =
|}}{{clearright}}

'''Saxeten''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Interlaken (district)|Interlaken]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

It is located near the center of the [[Bödeli]] watershed.

The name Saxeten probably goes back to the Latin form "saxata" (rocky point).

The [[Saxetenbach]] flows through Saxeten, before it joins the [[Lütschine]] in [[Wilderswil]].

Saxeten is the starting point of a number of routes: the [[Suls-Lobhorn-Hütte]], over the Rengglipass to [[Aeschiried]], and through Wilderswil to the [[Schynige Platte]].

On [[July 27]], [[1999]], there was an accident in the Saxetenbach canyon, in which 21 young people from [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[England]], [[South Africa]], and [[Switzerland]] died.

== External links ==
* {{de icon}} [http://www.bielertagblatt.ch/dossier.cfm?serien_id=80&id=1615&job=7008261&kap=dos&dos=article The Saxetenbach accident]

{{Municipalities of the district of Interlaken}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Saxeten]]
[[es:Saxeten]]
[[fr:Saxeten]]
[[it:Saxeten]]
[[nl:Saxeten]]
[[pt:Saxeten]]
[[ru:Заксетен]]
[[sv:Saxeten (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Schalunen

2007-07-18T21:47:19Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Schalunen
| municipality_name = Schalunen
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Schalunen-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Fraubrunnen (district)|Fraubrunnen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=7|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=32|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3314
| municipality_code = 0549
| area = 1.4
| elevation = 500|elevation_description=
| population = 378|populationof=January 2005
| website =
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Bätterkinden]], [[Büren zum Hof]], [[Fraubrunnen]], [[Limpach]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Schalunen''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Fraubrunnen (district)|Fraubrunnen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Fraubrunnen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Schalunen]]
[[es:Schalunen]]
[[fr:Schalunen]]
[[it:Schalunen]]
[[nl:Schalunen]]
[[ru:Шалунен]]
[[sv:Schalunen (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Schattenhalb

2007-07-18T21:08:35Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Schattenhalb
| municipality_name = Schattenhalb
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Schattenhalb-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Oberhasli (district)|Oberhasli]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=43|lat_NS=N|long_d=8|long_m=11|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3860
| municipality_code = 0786
| area = 31.5
| elevation = 600|elevation_description=
| population = 620|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.schattenhalb.ch
| mayor = Niklaus Leuenberger|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Meiringen]], [[Innertkirchen]] and [[Grindelwald]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Schattenhalb''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Oberhasli (district)|Oberhasli]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

The municipality was created in 1834 from the cooperative farms of "Willigen," "Geissholz," "Falchern" and "Lugen." The name Schattenhalb ("Shadow-half") refers to the shady face of the mountainside south of [[Meiringen]].

== Geography ==
Schattenhalb lies in the [[Bernese Oberland]] in the Hasli valley, where the [[Aare]] River flows. The highest mountain is the [[Wellhorn]], on the southwestern edge of the municipality (3,192 m).

[[Image:Rosenlaui.jpg|thumb|left|Spa-hotel Rosenlaui]]Part of the municipality is covered by the [[Rosenlaui Glacier]]. Underneath this glaceir is the Rosenlaui Gorge, a tourist attraction, which can be reached from the valley.

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Oberhasli}}

[[de:Schattenhalb]]
[[es:Schattenhalb]]
[[fr:Schattenhalb]]
[[it:Schattenhalb]]
[[nl:Schattenhalb]]
[[pt:Schattenhalb]]
[[ru:Шаттенхальб]]
[[sv:Schattenhalb (kommun, CH-BE)]]{{commonscat|Schattenhalb}}

Scheunen

2007-07-18T20:43:30Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Scheunen
| municipality_name = Scheunen
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Scheunen-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Fraubrunnen (district)|Fraubrunnen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=4|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=27|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3305
| municipality_code = 0550
| area = 2.2
| elevation = 575|elevation_description=
| population = 71|populationof=January 2005
| website =
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Bangerten]], [[Brunnenthal]] (SO), [[Etzelkofen]], [[Iffwil]], [[Messen]] (SO), [[Rapperswil, Berne|Rapperswil]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Scheunen''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Fraubrunnen (district)|Fraubrunnen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Fraubrunnen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Scheunen]]
[[es:Scheunen]]
[[fr:Scheunen]]
[[it:Scheunen]]
[[nl:Scheunen]]
[[ru:Шойнен]]
[[sv:Scheunen (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Scheuren

2007-07-18T20:26:28Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Scheuren
| municipality_name = Scheuren
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Scheuren-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Nidau (district)|Nidau]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=8|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=19|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 2556
| municipality_code = 0747
| area = 2.1
| elevation = 430|elevation_description=
| population = 451|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.scheuren.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Dotzigen]], [[Meienried]], [[Orpund]], [[Safnern]], [[Schwadernau]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Scheuren''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Nidau (district)|Nidau]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Nidau}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Scheuren BE]]
[[es:Scheuren]]
[[fr:Scheuren]]
[[it:Scheuren]]
[[nl:Scheuren]]
[[ru:Шойрен (Берн)]]
[[sv:Scheuren (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Trimstein

2007-07-18T20:23:17Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Trimstein
| municipality_name = Trimstein
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Trimstein-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Konolfingen (district)|Konolfingen]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=54|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=35|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3083
| municipality_code = 0631
| area = 3.6
| elevation = 630|elevation_description=
| population = 494|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.trimstein.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Konolfingen]], [[Münsingen]], [[Rubigen]], [[Schlosswil]], [[Worb]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Trimstein''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Konolfingen (district)|Konolfingen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Konolfingen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Trimstein]]
[[es:Trimstein]]
[[fr:Trimstein]]
[[it:Trimstein]]
[[nl:Trimstein]]
[[ru:Тримштайн]]
[[sv:Trimstein (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Schlosswil

2007-07-18T20:16:09Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Schlosswil
| municipality_name = Schlosswil
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Schlosswil-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Konolfingen (district)|Konolfingen]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=55|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=37|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3082
| municipality_code = 0624
| area = 3.5
| elevation = 753|elevation_description=
| population = 661|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.schlosswil.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Biglen]], [[Grosshöchstetten]], [[Konolfingen]], [[Trimstein]], [[Worb]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Schlosswil''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Konolfingen (district)|Konolfingen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Konolfingen}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Schlosswil]]
[[es:Schlosswil]]
[[fr:Schlosswil]]
[[it:Schlosswil]]
[[nl:Schlosswil]]
[[ru:Шлосвиль]]
[[sv:Schlosswil (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Schwadernau

2007-07-18T20:06:41Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Schwadernau
| municipality_name = Schwadernau
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Schwadernau-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Nidau (district)|Nidau]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=8|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=18|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 2556
| municipality_code = 0748
| area = 4.1
| elevation = 437|elevation_description=
| population = 647|populationof=January 2005
| website = www.schwadernau.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Aegerten]], [[Brügg]], [[Büetigen]], [[Dotzigen]], [[Orpund]], [[Scheuren]], [[Studen]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Schwadernau''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Nidau (district)|Nidau]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Nidau}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Schwadernau]]
[[es:Schwadernau]]
[[fr:Schwadernau]]
[[it:Schwadernau]]
[[nl:Schwadernau]]
[[ru:Швадернау]]
[[sv:Schwadernau (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Schwanden bei Brienz

2007-07-18T20:01:34Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Schwanden bei Brienz
| municipality_name = Schwanden bei Brienz
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Schwanden bei Brienz-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Interlaken (district)|Interlaken]]
| lat_d=46|lat_m=45|lat_NS=N|long_d=8|long_m=31|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 3855
| municipality_code = 0592
| area = 7.1
| elevation = 659|elevation_description=
| population = 596|populationof=January 2005
| website =
| mayor = Xaver Pfyl|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Giswil]], [[Hofstetten bei Brienz]], [[Brienz]] and [[Flühli]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Schwanden bei Brienz''' (until 1911 officially named '''Schwanden''') is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Interlaken (district)|Interlaken]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

It lies in the [[Bernese Oberland]] south of the [[Brienzer Rothorn]], which forms the natural border between the Bernese Oberland and [[Central Switzerland]].

Schwanden is a name of a clearing, that was applied to the settlement built there. The name goes back to the [[Swiss German]] ''Schwand-'' ("clearing"). The added "bei Brienz" was added in 1911 to ease distinction with the municipality [[Schwanden GL|Schwanden]] in the [[canton of Glarus]], and numerous villages across Switzerland. The first historical appearance of the place was in 1524.

The three streams Glyssibach, Schwanderbach, and Lammbach flow through the town and lead soon thereafter to [[Lake Brienz]]. In the past the streams were dangerous, as they were prone to sudden onrushes of water. In order to reduce the danger, walls have been built to contain it in certain areas.

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Interlaken}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Berne]]

[[de:Schwanden bei Brienz]]
[[es:Schwanden bei Brienz]]
[[fr:Schwanden bei Brienz]]
[[it:Schwanden bei Brienz]]
[[nl:Schwanden bei Brienz]]
[[pt:Schwanden bei Brienz]]
[[ru:Шванден-Бринц]]
[[sv:Schwanden bei Brienz (kommun, CH-BE)]]

Schwarzhäusern

2007-07-18T15:29:43Z

Aliman5040: /*+coat of arms*/

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Schwarzhäusern
| municipality_name = Schwarzhäusern
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Schwarzhäusern-coat of arms.svg
| map =
| languages = German
| canton = Berne
| iso-code-region = CH-BE
| district = [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]]
| lat_d=47|lat_m=15|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=46|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 4911
| municipality_code = 0341
| area = 3.7
| elevation = 427|elevation_description=
| population = 438|populationof=2005
| website = www.schwarzhaeusern.ch
| mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
| places =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Wolfwil]], [[Wynau]], [[Aarwangen]], [[Bannwil]], [[Niederbipp]], [[Kestenholz]]
| twintowns =
|}}

'''Schwarzhäusern''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Aarwangen (district)|Aarwangen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]].

Schwarzhäusern lies in the [[Oberaargau]] in the [[Swiss plateau]] north of the [[Aare]].

At the southern end of the municipality the Aare has a reservoir created by the hydroelectric plant of [[Wynau]].

== Further reading ==
* OK BE 800 (Hrsg.): ''Der Amtsbezirk Aarwangen und seine Gemeinden'', 1991, ISBN 3-9070-1210-0 {{de icon}}

== External link ==
* [http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/regionen/regionalportraets/gemeindesuche.html Statistical information of Swiss municipalities] {{de icon}}

{{Berne-geo-stub}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Aarwangen}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Berne|Schwarzhausern]]

[[de:Schwarzhäusern]]
[[es:Schwarzhäusern]]
[[fr:Schwarzhäusern]]
[[it:Schwarzhäusern]]
[[nl:Schwarzhäusern]]
[[ru:Шварцхойзерн]]
[[sv:Schwarzhäusern (kommun, CH-BE)]]