Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Wikipedia:Teahouse

2021-03-05T05:49:04Z

BCPMyles: /* issue is resolved and clarified for me */

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== Articles of living person without their photo ==

Why so many articles of biographies of persons are existing without their photos ? [[Special:Contributions/223.178.144.61|223.178.144.61]] ([[User talk:223.178.144.61|talk]]) 18:06, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
Possibly because they have the right to refuse to have their picture taken, for privacy reasons. [[User:AidTheWiki|AidTheWiki]] ([[User talk:AidTheWiki|talk]]) 22:25, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:Because no-one has found and added a suitable photo. The problem is often that there's no available copyright-free photo. [[User:Maproom|Maproom]] ([[User talk:Maproom|talk]]) 18:14, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
::Wikipedia has a strict [[Wikipedia:use policy|image use policy]], and images need to be freely licenced. [[User:Joseph2302|Joseph]][[User talk:Joseph2302|2302]] ([[User talk:Joseph2302|talk)]] 18:17, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
:('''e/c''') Hi person editing from 223.178.144.61. For them to be used in Wikipedia articles, images must be:
:# in the [[public domain]]; or
:# released under a [[WP:COMPLIC|suitably free and compatible copyright license]]; or
:# used under [[fair use]], but only if they meet all ten of the [[Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria|non-free content criteria]].
:Very few images will meet these requirements. In particular, with some limited exceptions, images of living persons can't meet the fair use criterion of "no free equivalent", because the possibility always exists, while they are alive, that someone can snap a photo somewhere and release it. Please note also that unlike many websites, where someone can license a non-free copyrighted image for use at that site, we don't allow this. For these reasons, many biography articles do not have any image, and many others have a non-professional quality image because the only one we can use was one taken at some random location by an amateur (rather than, e.g., a professional headshot) who then released the copyright of the image under a suitable license. And even this last is restricted – see [[Commons:Commons:Photographs of identifiable people|Commons:Photographs of identifiable people]]. Best regards--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 18:21, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
::Also, for living people, the third criteria mentioned above (fair use) cannot generally be used. Which is why many living people don't have photos. [[User:Joseph2302|Joseph]][[User talk:Joseph2302|2302]] ([[User talk:Joseph2302|talk)]] 18:36, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

But it is wired and feels like incomplete. when a naive reader like do not see photo of the person related to that article.Many folks paste photos on WP from here and there under fair use policy.But still I don't know how to use this fair use policy and pick photo from somewhere and paste it on WP. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/223.178.144.61|223.178.144.61]] ([[User talk:223.178.144.61#top|talk]]) 10:12, 28 February 2021 (UTC) 

:The fair use policy accords with the Wikimedia Foundation's interpretation of US copyright ''law''. Please either (A) make sure that you understand this policy (which is necessarily complex) or (B) don't upload photographs or other images for which you claim "fair use". -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 11:58, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
[[User:Hoary|Hoary]] No , sir I still not able to understand what is this fair use policy. I will not dare to upload any copyright work here. [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 16:16, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Article is semi-protected so I can not edit ==

I am a student working on a class that requires us to edit an article. I chose the article "Feral cat" and I wanted to add an update from the AVMA with citations as well as 3 references for this week's assignment. I will also need to do further edits on the article as the course progresses but it said that the page is semi-protected. Will I be able to work on this article or should I pick another article to work on? [[User:Jmm26|Jmm26]] ([[User talk:Jmm26|talk]]) 15:12, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Jmm26}} Welcome to the Teahouse! If you click on the [[WP:SEMI|gray lock icon]] at the top right of the article, you'll see that a user can edit the article if they are [[WP:AUTOCONFIRM|autoconfirmed]] (accounts that are at least four days old and have made at least ten edits to Wikipedia). You meet both these criteria, and I confirmed your status at [[Special:UserRights]]. At the top of the [[Feral cat]] article, you should see "Edit" and/or "Edit source" tabs. If you only see "View source", then you cannot edit the article. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 15:22, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
::If for some reason you wish to edit an article that you cannot edit, you may make a formal [[WP:ER|edit request]] on the article talk page, and write the change you wish to make there, for another editor to review. But as GB says, you should be able to edit that article. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 15:26, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
::::[[User talk:Jmm26|talk]] Hi first time I am seeing this that a people editing on Wikipedia as their class work. I don't think your response genuine. But before editing do research and write in you own words in simple UK English , don't use slang , local Eng words of your place. Because WP is read by folks all around the world. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:223.178.144.61|223.178.144.61]] ([[User talk:223.178.144.61#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/223.178.144.61|contribs]]) 15:41, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
:::::It is not at all unusual for students to get an assignment to work on a Wikipedia article. Secondly, the variety of English depends on the article – articles about UK-specific subjects should be written in British English, articles about US-specific subjects use American English, and so on. Articles that are not about a topic that is connected to a particular region should in general stick to the variety the first author used. More information [[WP:ENGVAR|here]]. --''[[User:Bonadea|bonadea]]'' [[Special:Contributions/Bonadea|contributions]] [[User talk:Bonadea|talk]] 16:15, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
{{od|5}} Hi {{u|Jmm26}}. Only articles which have been the subject of repeated [[:WP:DE|disruption]] or [[:WP:VAN|vandalism]] tend to get [[:WP:PP|page protected]]. Usually, page protection is the last resort when all other attempts to try and resolve the problem have failed. There also tends to be a number of editors closely monitoring such articles to make sure someone doesn't try to any sneak in any disruption by somehow figuring out a way to get around the page protection. So, you might want to discuss you desire to edit this particular article with your Wiki-Ed advisor(s) since you might find it a bit harder to edit than perhaps some other article. Well-meaning students often run into problems when they select articles about contentious subjects or articles which have a history of being page protected. [[:Feral cat]] is indefinitely protected which means that there was some serious disruption going on at least at one point in time. The article has been protected six times since 2012 and each time the protection was removed, the disruption seems to have started up again. So, this might not be the best choice of an article to work on. I'm not trying to discourage you. If you really want to try to improve this article, then go ahead once your account has been [[:WP:AUTOCONFIRMED]]; this might, however, be an article where it's better to be a bit more [[:WP:CAUTIOUS]] than [[:WP:BOLD]]. Just make sure you leave a clearly worded [[:WP:ES|edit summary]] for your edits and try not to do a major rewrite/reorganization without first proposing it on the article's talk page. If you do those things, your edits are unlikely going to be mistaken for disruption or vandalism. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 07:05, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
:Thank you all, but I still was not able to edit. The same message saying that it is semi-protected appears. [[User:Jmm26|Jmm26]] ([[User talk:Jmm26|talk]]) 22:21, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{u|Jmm26}}, Now that you're up to 19 edits, you shouldn't have any problem editing the article. The message will still appear, but you're part of the permitted group now. [[User:Ian (Wiki Ed)|Ian (Wiki Ed)]] ([[User talk:Ian (Wiki Ed)|talk]]) 17:19, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== PARANOID NUMANOID on CHARLES SWAINSON ==

Sorry: I forgot to add a headline properly and so my question is attached to the previous question (above)!
[[User:Paranoid Numanoid|Paranoid Numanoid]] ([[User talk:Paranoid Numanoid|talk]]) 15:38, 1 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Paranoid Numanoid|Paranoid Numanoid]] ([[User talk:Paranoid Numanoid|talk]]) 15:38, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

Can I have an editor look over my draft article please? I've had feedback and tried to incorporate everything, I know I have expanded it and that it may be too long, I know I need more referencing after the first part, and I think having three paragraph headings in the same form may be repetitious (is there such a word?!) but apart from that am I on the right track and how can I shape it to be acceptable in due course? Grateful for any constructive criticism.
[[User:Paranoid Numanoid|Paranoid Numanoid]] ([[User talk:Paranoid Numanoid|talk]]) 15:28, 1 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Paranoid Numanoid|Paranoid Numanoid]] ([[User talk:Paranoid Numanoid|talk]]) 15:28, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

:This must be about [[User:Paranoid Numanoid/sandbox/Rev. Charles Swainson, M.A.]]. There's ''a lot'' of ureferenced content, including the whole of the three sections that follow the lead. Where did you get all that information? If from reliable sources, you'll need to cite them. Otherwise, you'll need to remove it. [[User:Maproom|Maproom]] ([[User talk:Maproom|talk]]) 16:51, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
::Cut vigorously and reference everything. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 17:14, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Paranoid Numanoid}} Your personal correspondence cannot be used as a reference - all references need to be published so they could be verified by others. Also, please remove the link to example.com. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 23:24, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you!! [[User:Paranoid Numanoid|Paranoid Numanoid]] ([[User talk:Paranoid Numanoid|talk]]) 18:13, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Two-dimensional schematic diagram ==

I posted the following inquiry at [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)#Two-dimensional schematic diagram]], and someone suggested asking at [[Wikipedia:Graphics Lab]], which appears to be service to order custom maps. However, my question is on creating simple do-it-yourself schema diagrams. Could someone here advise me? Thanks. [[User:TheTrolleyPole|TheTrolleyPole]] ([[User talk:TheTrolleyPole|talk]]) 18:54, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

I would like to do a two-dimensional schematic diagram to represent a streetcar network of 3 north/south lines and one interconnecting east/west line. I would like to use [[Template:Routemap]] but I would want the east/west line to be a horizontal line instead of twisting it into a vertical line. Thus, the schematic would resemble the city street grid. However, I suspect I would have problems indicating and labelling east/west stops. Is there any existing examples of doing this?

My second choice would be to acquire some inexpensive, easy-to-use diagram software to produce a diagram similar in style to [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TTC_streetcar_map_2020.svg this svg example] or [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sheppard_Yonge_Eastward.gif this gif example]. Could someone recommend software to do this? Thanks. [[User:TheTrolleyPole|TheTrolleyPole]] ([[User talk:TheTrolleyPole#top|talk]]) 22:01, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|TheTrolleyPole}}, I have zero experience in this area, but I believe [[Inkscape]] is a free popular choice for graphic design, although I would imagine most of it is actually done with [[Adobe Illustrator]]. [[User:Giraffer|Giraffer]] ([[User talk:Giraffer|talk]]·[[Special:Contributions/Giraffer|contribs]]) 19:36, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
::Thanks for the tip about [[InkScape]]. It looks complicated but there are lots of online tutorials. [[User:TheTrolleyPole|TheTrolleyPole]] ([[User talk:TheTrolleyPole|talk]]) 02:26, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::: I use Inkscape and find that the learning curve isn't too steep, especially if you can find something it can input as a starting point (such as the .svg map you mentioned). In my case as a chemist, I create drawings in a chemical drawing package (which can't do .svg directly) and use metafile formats like .emf to swap into Inkscape for final tweaks and conversion to .svg. Note that Wikipedia has an .svg Help Desk at [[WP:SVG help]] where there are real experts. Good luck, {{u|TheTrolleyPole}}. [[User:Michael D. Turnbull|Mike Turnbull]] ([[User talk:Michael D. Turnbull|talk]]) 15:16, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== need article edited ==

Hi, I have an article in my sandbox which I like to see instead of the one at 'Gympie Pyramid'. I hope someone has the time to have a look, edit or change what he doesn't like and post the remains. I could upload, but in my experience even with the smallest and well founded change someone comes along and interferes, does the change himself.
So I need help if Wiki policy is, that no newbie can change anything. [[User:Wikigetsme123|Wikigetsme123]] ([[User talk:Wikigetsme123|talk]]) 07:18, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Wikigetsme123}}, this is an encyclopedia that anyone can edit. Feel free to [[WP:BOLD|be bold]]. [[User:Firestar464|Firestar464]] ([[User talk:Firestar464|talk]]) 07:22, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Hello, {{u|Wikigetsme123}}. There is already an article [[Gympie Pyramid]], and the best course of action is to make incremental changes to the existing article instead of trying to write a completely new version of the article. That may be perceived as disrespectful to the previous editors who worked on that article. That could possibly lead to arguments with the prior editors. I suggest that you gradually add impeccably referenced new content, and gradually remove content you believe to be poorly referenced, explaining why in edit summaries. That's the best course of action, in my opinion. [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 07:46, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:::I agree with {{u|Cullen328}}, and I would add that if any of the other editors have an issue with the changes that you are making, you should pause and discuss on the article talk page. [[User:Giraffer|Giraffer]] ([[User talk:Giraffer|talk]]·[[Special:Contributions/Giraffer|contribs]]) 07:50, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:What's new in [[User:Wikigetsme123/sandbox]] is largely unreferenced. As you add material to [[Gympie Pyramid]], {{U|Wikigetsme123}}, make sure that each part of it is clearly linked to a reliable, independent, published source. This is slightly complicated here, because as it stands the article cites what we can politely call "fringe" sources. Articles normally shouldn't do this, but it can be permissible (even commendable) in some circumstances. Certainly the reader shouldn't get the impression from the article as a whole that a "fringe" interpretation is the most convincing one. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 08:13, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

Thanks everybody for the input. This a well written article with poor information in it. The photo was wrong and two web links were dead. Nobody cares ... until I change a little thing. So I will add my additions to this existing article and really hope that no one of the experienced editors here reverse it just because of... Lets see. The information comes straight out of online publications, all with references. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Wikigetsme123|Wikigetsme123]] ([[User talk:Wikigetsme123#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Wikigetsme123|contribs]]) 07:08, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

== I want to creat article about a village in India ==

What if the article of of a village already exists and I want to create article with that same name but about village from different district ? [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 08:22, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi, IP editor. Create it as a draft with a title like "Village, District". I think some Indian states and other areas have local conventions like "Village (District)", but the Manual of Style ([[WP:NCIND|here]]) recommends the style with the comma, for instance [[Tanur, Malappuram]]. If and when the draft is accepted, the reviewer might move it to a differently-styled title if that conforms to the local convention, but you don't need to be concerned about that when you create the draft. Regards, --''[[User:Bonadea|bonadea]]'' [[Special:Contributions/Bonadea|contributions]] [[User talk:Bonadea|talk]] 08:33, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:And consider [[WP:REGISTER]]. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 09:53, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] Hi and what about if in a district two villages have similar name ? For my instance I want to create a article about my village ' Ghodasgaon' which is present in [[Jalgaon district]] of Muktainagar [[taluka]] but already a article about different village of same name existing on WP - [[Ghodasgaon]] it's a village in Shirpur taluka of my district. [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 10:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:[[Ghodasgaon]] says: "a village in [[Shirpur]] Taluka of [[Dhule]] district, [[Maharashtra]]". That is not the same district as you say about your village. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 10:14, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Not sure. Can you add another subdistrict, or east/west/north/south? Perhaps this list of places named [[Washington]] can inspire you. But even if you should pick a "wrong" title, that can be changed later. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 10:17, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] Hi , Ok I got it ! What if I wrote title like - [[Ghodasgaon (District-Jalgaon)]].Will be okay as WP standards ? [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 10:23, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Follow the existing pattern in [[:Category:Villages in Jalgaon district]]. There are two systems so it could be "Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon district" or "Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon". I examined some other subcategories of [[:Category:Villages in Maharashtra]] and they don't include "district" in article names so I would go with "Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon". [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 10:36, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Why not Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon, like Bonadea suggested? [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 10:32, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hi [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] , [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] I created [[Draft : Ghodasgaon (District - Jalgaon)]] but the problem is that there are no sufficient reference for elevation , area density , History , Geography etc. Will you help to make this article GA. [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 12:29, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

::If references are insufficient, an article cannot be created. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 22:50, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]]Hi can you change [[Draft:Ghodasgaon (District - Jalgaon)]] To 'Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon district or Ghodasgaon,Jalgaon' as said up before and review and improve - [[Draft: Jalgaon District Court]], [[Draft: Jalgaon housing scam ]],[[Draft: Kothadi]].
[[Special:Contributions/106.193.80.33|106.193.80.33]] ([[User talk:106.193.80.33|talk]]) 13:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

==how to make your custom sign?==
I've seen people have a custom sign after they reply. How can I make one for my self? [[User:Niger banda|Niger banda]] ([[User talk:Niger banda|talk]]) 09:58, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi [[User:Niger banda|Niger banda]], welcome to the Teahouse. See [[Wikipedia:Signatures#Customizing your signature]]. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 10:05, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|Niger banda}} You may also want to see [[Wikipedia:Signature tutorial]]. :) Take care to follow a hint displayed in '''bold''' in the lead part of the tutorial. [[User:CiaPan|CiaPan]] ([[User talk:CiaPan|talk]]) 10:13, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

{{u|CiaPan}} ,{{u|PrimeHunter}} thank you so much :)[[User:Niger banda|Niger banda]] ([[User talk:Niger banda|talk]]) 08:24, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Awaiting re-review ==

Hello,
Having made all the required changes to my draft, it has been pending re-review now for nearly two months. Is there anything I can do to alert the reviewer, who initially declined it, or another reviewer who can take a look?
Many thanks [[User:Ukuser691|Ukuser691]] ([[User talk:Ukuser691|talk]]) 14:10, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Ukuser691}} Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. As noted on your draft, "This may take 4 months or more, since drafts are reviewed in no specific order. There are 4,829 pending submissions waiting for review." You will need to continue to be patient. You can contact users who have previously reviewed the draft, their names are linked to in the decline notice) but it may or may not help. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 14:22, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::[[Draft:Bahman Panahi]] Declined in January and now Declined again March 2. See comments left by reviewers. My comment is delete the Exhibitions list. Wikipedia articles are not intended to contain all mentions of a person's accomplishments. The text already mentions major solo exhibitions. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 14:46, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Thank you, I have now removed the Exhibitions list. [[User:Ukuser691|Ukuser691]] ([[User talk:Ukuser691|talk]]) 17:07, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Is it possible to take extra action against someone who is deliberately adding [[WP:OR]] (in the form of spoilers for future episodes of a web series I like, which is annoying me)? ==

There is this IP at 41.58.xxx.xxx who has twice added thousands of bytes worth of (possibly fake or stolen from the production company) episode summaries at [[List of Talking Tom and Friends (TV series) episodes]], and as someone who is interested in the show but doesn't have the time to frequently patrol the article, I am getting really annoyed by that person (to be honest, it's not so bad if the plots added are fake, but if they are real and stolen from the production company, I am definitely <s>going to hate that person more than anyone else for spilling the beans</s> very annoyed). Since it's not just a single dynamic IP range, an IP block won't help, and since this is the second time in 4 weeks, it is also probably a slow-motion vandal. I've warned the address that most recently did this, but I don't want to have to wait till he does it 2 or 3 more times to warrant protection.

Is it possible to have someone either:
*add Pending Changes Protection till either:
** the end of May (which is when each new season of the web series usually starts)?
OR
*add the page to their watchlist and revert anyone suspiciously adding a large amout of unreferenced text to the article?
<s>And by the way, would a revdel be necessary for all the "fake" episodes just in case the plots are real and the production company responsible for the series complains?</s> Ignore the struck-out request, I should have realised that this was overkill.
Thanks, [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.129|45.251.33.129]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.129|talk]]) 16:23, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:First of all, you seem to be getting worked up, which you shouldn't be. Second, please remember to assume good faith. I'm not sure what you mean by "I am definitely going to hate that person more than anyone else for spilling the beans". If they are adding summaries for future episodes then they are obviously fake. Try requesting page protection. [[User:Bop34|βӪᑸᙥӴ]] • [[User talk:Bop34|Talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bop34|Contribs]] 17:07, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::45's statement that someone is leaking future episode content is plausible. Page protection with a time limit can be proposed. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 20:21, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::I guess I did let my feelings get in the way of my reasoning, so I suppose I could have written this in a more polite way... And I personally don't think that [[WP:GOOD FAITH]] could be applied when someone adds spoilers for future episodes, since I don't know why anyone would like spoilers. (By "I am definitely going to...", I meant that I hated them a lot (though now that I think of it, hate was definitely too strong a word)). As for requesting page protection, I chose not to directly ask for it at [[WP:RFPP]] since this was only the second time that person added the content, while many of the requests I've seen have been declined for more active vandalism. But I would appreciate it if someone here added the protection till the end of May. [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.24|45.251.33.24]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.24|talk]]) 01:33, 3 March 2021 (UTC) (I'm on a dynamic IP range)
::Hello? Anyone? [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.205|45.251.33.205]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.205|talk]]) 08:10, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Hello 45.251.33.205, yes? [[User:SenatorLEVI|'''Senator''']][[User talk:SenatorLEVI|'''LEVI''']] 08:25, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::This appears to be a case of good faith, not vandalism - there is no intention to disrupt the encyclopedia. The extra content seems to have come from the Talking Tom Wiki - see [https://outfit7talkingfriends.fandom.com/wiki/Roy_to_the_Rescue this entry] for "Roy to the rescue" which matches the text entered into Wikipedia.
::::Requesting revdel, page protection and blocks seems overkill for what should be a good faith insertion. An accusation of vandalism just because somebody fills in a plot summary when you haven't yet seen the episode is frankly just silly. Nobody has properly reached out to the IP - apart from an L2 vandalism warning left by the OP (which I've struck, because it's inappropriate). Let's also remember that although [[WP:OR]] may be viable, there is also [[WP:SPOILER]] - a plot summary is expected to tell the plot which by definition means spoilers. There is a very real likelihood that this information will be applicable at some point - before the actual airdate, or certainly before the OP has seen the episodes. [[User:Chaheel Riens|Chaheel Riens]] ([[User talk:Chaheel Riens|talk]]) 08:46, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::: That may be true, {{u|Chaheel Riens}}, except that:
:::::*the episodes in question still haven't aired
:::::*the fandom relies on user content which is unverified
:::::*I have no idea where on earth they got the episode screenshot that's on the fandom page
:::::*premature episode and movie plots (especially unsourced plots) are not allowed per [[WP:CRYSTAL BALL]] even if they are true
:::::*my problem is not with [[WP:SPOILERS]], but with [[WP:CRYSTAL BALL]], [[WP:UNSOURCED]] and [[WP:OR]]
:::::All I want is for someone to either add [[Wikipedia:Pending changes protection|pending changes protection]] till the end of May (which is when each new season starts) or to add the page to their watchlist and regularly check and revert if anyone tries to add those unverified plot summaries. [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.205|45.251.33.205]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.205|talk]]) 10:41, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::PS - I just wanted to point out that I struck down my own revdel request already and noted that I realised that it was overkill. I also did not request blocking that IP. I just requested for PCP which will let that person edit and will let that person's edit be publicly visible if it is a proper edit. [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.205|45.251.33.205]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.205|talk]]) 10:45, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::<s>Did "SenatorLEVI" reply only to mock the fact that I was trying to get someone's attention to this? Because that is what i interpret his response as. [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.205|45.251.33.205]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.205|talk]]) 10:41, 4 March 2021 (UTC)</s> Redacted after I thought a bit more about what he could've meant. [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.205|45.251.33.205]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.205|talk]]) 11:14, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
{{od}}The fact that the episodes haven't aired has little bearing on the issue. I know we don't consider user-generated forums to be reliable sources, but neither should we automatically consider them to be intentionally deceptive and misleading.

I suggest you re-read [[WP:CRYSTAL BALL]], as your current understanding of it is completely wrong. Crystal is about attempts to use Wiki to predict or make claims about the future. A plot description for a TV show that hasn't aired is a far cry from that. We absolutely ''do'' allow plots to be outlined even if the book/movie/TV show/etc has not been aired - although we do also generally require sources for them which is why they can be classed as [[WP:OR]] without.

Given that the editor in question has not tried to re-add any of the information, I would strongly '''oppose''' any kind of sanctions - especially page protection, where you want 2 months of Pending changes protection just because of a plot summary? That's completely over the top. [[User:Chaheel Riens|Chaheel Riens]] ([[User talk:Chaheel Riens|talk]]) 12:04, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

==Non-free logo template==
Does anyone have the code to cut and paste into a logo file for a logo with non-free use credentials? I tried to follow the instructions on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Non-free_use_rationale_logo but I guess I erred because I ended up getting blocked. Advice greatly appreciated. [[User:Jallerso|Jallerso]] ([[User talk:Jallerso|talk]]) 20:26, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hello, {{U|Jallerso}}, and welcome to the Teahouse. I don't know why you think you have been blocked: I can't find any evidence of it, and you still seem to be able to edit. The logo will be removed from Commohns because Commons accepts only freely licensed material. [[WP:Logos|Logos]] can usually be uploaded to Wikipedia itself, as non-free media; but only if their use meets ''all'' the criteria in the [[WP:non-free content criteria|non-free content criteria]] - two of which are that they may be used only in articles (not drafts), and that they must be used in at least one article. The time to consider uploading the logo then is after your draft has been accepted as an article. In the meantime, you can work on turning your draft from a piece of marketing puff into an encyclopaedia article. For example, a list of devices, OS's and languages supported in the first sentence is not appropriate - probably not appropriate anywhere, but certainly not there. Remember that {{HD/WINI}} --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 21:17, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::Hello, {{u|Jallerso}}. To be absolutely clear, acceptable [[WP:NFCI|non-free images]] should be uploaded here on the English Wikipedia. They are not allowed on Wikimedia Commons. [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 00:20, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Jallerso}} If you use the [[Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard]], you'll be prompted with all the options, and then you don't have to deal with the template. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 00:39, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you so much Teahouse members {{u|GoingBatty}} {{u|ColinFine}} for the sound advice. On the road to improvement! [[User:Jallerso|Jallerso]] ([[User talk:Jallerso|talk]]) 10:03, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Feel free to edit expand my draft ==

Hi recently I created three articles on WP , will you contribute to expand them ? They are - [[Draft : Ghodasgaon (District - Jalgaon)]] , [[Draft : Kothadi]] and [[Draft : Jalgaon housing scam]].These article can serve you great space for contribution. Cheers [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 20:32, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|106.220.85.12}} Teahouse hosts volunteer to answer question on how to edit Wikipedia, but are not here to help improve drafts. You are likely the person most knowledgeable about Jalgoan, Kothadi and Ghodasgaon. The responsibility falls on you to improve these drafts while waiting for reviewers. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 20:39, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:David notMD|David notMD]] Okay , I got it ! I also naive.New to WP , learning by mistakes.But I thought some editors if looking for some article to contribution then they can edit them. Cheers [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 20:44, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:I found the [[Draft:Jalgaon housing scam|draft on the housing scam]] interesting and between today and yesterday, have tackled it in some length and depth.--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 21:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::Wikipedia does have a place to request articles get written by other editors (see [[Wikipedia:Requested articles]]), but there is a HUGE backlog. And, as you can see from above, sometimes a Teahouse volunteer will aid with more than just advice (at times, me too). [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 23:02, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:David notMD|David notMD]] Hi can you change [[Draft: Ghodasgaon (District - Jalgaon)]] to 'Ghodasgaon,Jalgaon'.Some editors here suggested me.If two villages heve same name and 1 is pre existing on WP ,you can differentiate your artu by writing like this - Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon,'cause [[Ghodasgaon]] names article is already here on WP. [[Special:Contributions/106.193.80.33|106.193.80.33]] ([[User talk:106.193.80.33|talk]]) 13:12, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:If the draft is accepted, then the reviewer who accepts it can assign a better name. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 14:54, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard vs Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Video games/Sources ==

If I'm looking to talk about if something is reliable for a gaming subject, which should I default to? Should I go to one before the other? [[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 21:09, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
: Hi {{u|Tyrone Madera}}. [[:Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard]] (RSN) is a community-wide noticeboard for discussing particular sources and any consensus reached there would take precendance over anything decided at the WikiProject level per [[:WP:CONLEVEL]]. You can ask for assistance at the WikiProject and perhaps its members will be able to help you out, and then bring things up for further discussion at RSN if no agreement can be reached over the reliablity of a source.{{pb}}Generally, RSN is best for resolving a dispute between multiple editors as to whether a particular source is reliable for the context in which it's being cited, while a WikiProject might be a good place to ask a general question about sourcing (e.g. What types of sources are reliable for gaming subjects?) since the members of the project might have a "list" of sources they generally consider OK to cite for video game articles. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 03:21, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{ping|Marchjuly}} Thanks! :) [[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 01:55, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Teahouse exchange ==

The summary of what led to a previous [[Wikipedia:Teahouse/Questions/Archive_1096#Issue_with_someone_constantly_editing_an_article_with_bad_sources|Teahouse exchange]] on 23:37, 22 February can be found in the second paragraph [[User_talk:David_notMD#Teahouse_exchange|here]]. Attempted to reach out to [[User:David notMD]], but views it as as a [[Wikipedia:Drop the stick and back slowly away from the horse carcass|horsemeat]]. They do not seem understand I am trying to reach compromise with a user. [[User:Hostagecat]] had broken off from discussion after raising many concerns erroneous in nature that I think need to be examined (i.e. should [[AllMusic]] no longer be designated a reliable source under [[WP:RSMUSIC]]?) and then filed a report, which [[User:EdJohnston]] accepted without vetting if its claims were actually accurate and gave me a warning. Or perhaps they simply do not want to weight in. According to David notMD, "Content is totally outside my realm of knowledge (I'm an old white guy)". Either way, I am simply looking for a someone to serve as mediator between Hostagecat and I to enhance our communication. If you can assist in initiating a resolution or point towards the direction of an editor whose purview this falls under or is in some way interested, I would greatly appreciate it. -- [[User:Ascribe4|Ascribe4]] ([[User talk:Ascribe4|talk]]) 23:56, 2 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Ascribe4|Ascribe4]] ([[User talk:Ascribe4|talk]]) 23:57, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Ascribe4}} You may want to try [[WP:3O]], but have either of you and {{u|Hostagecat}} had a serious discussion about whatever you're arguing about? I see an attempt at [[User talk:Hostagecat#O:D Reply =]] but nothing more from there. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 00:18, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

::: {{ping|Ganbaruby}}I tried replying on their [[User talk:Hostagecat|talk page]] explaining that their claims were inaccurate. Among other things, User:Hostagecat repeatedly claimed [[AllMusic]] is [[WP:RSMUSIC|unreliable]] and that I had not provide any sources when text did in fact have a citation, at the very end of the sentence they copy/pasted from. Instead of either accepting the facts I asserted or providing a clarification for what caused them to make such false claims they based their entire revert on—perhaps there was some sort of misunderstanding—Hostagecat broke off from discussion and filed an obscurant [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Edit_warring&diff=1009083586&oldid=1009000501 report]. This complaint resulted in me receiving a warning by [[User:EdJohnston]] that I believe was undue. User:EdJohnston understandably had not been familiarized with the particularities of our conflict, accepted Hostagecat's claims without vetting if everything they said was accurate. When EdJohnston replied to me, for some reason they refrained from delving into the details I gave and instead turned their attention towards the 3rr and my earlier speculation that User:Hostagecat potentially might have been a sock, even though I had already stated Hostagecat [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ascribe4&diff=prev&oldid=1008352127 has clarified] they are not and that I assume [[WP:Assume good faith|good faith]] and believe them. EdJohnston has since moved on to other tasks without touching on the specific issues that I presented and has yet to respond to my request for assistance. --[[User:Ascribe4|Ascribe4]] ([[User talk:Ascribe4|talk]]) 17:01, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Digitics247 ==

 [[User:RealShivaaa|RealShivaaa]] ([[User talk:RealShivaaa|talk]]) 03:12, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|RealShivaaa}} Welcome to the Teahouse! Do you have a question about Wikipedia! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 04:13, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:{{ping|RealShivaaa}}, you have created [[Draft:Digitics247]], which is a blatant advertisement for a company, and which therefore should be deleted. This is an encyclopedia, not a PR outlet. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 04:41, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::<s>{{ping|Hoary}} I think these things should be brought up on the User talkpages or elsewhere, and not at the Teahouse unless brought up by the user or directly related to their statements and/or questions. This user literally hasn't said anything, so the comment comes across as aggressive.[[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 05:54, 3 March 2021 (UTC)</s>
:::RealShivaaa titled the section Digitics247, so in my opinion the question was implied and Hoary's reply warranted. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 08:51, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{ping|David notMD}} True, you have a valid point.<s> I've retracted my earlier statement.</s> I didn't even notice the title when I left my comment. I apologize for any damage I've potentially caused. [[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 18:19, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== How do I improve my article? ==

Hi, my article has been rejected twice and I am afraid of publishing it the third time. I added references as requested, changed the write-up but still got rejected. Please give me feedback on what I need to change here's the link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Grant_Proposal_Video#Grant_proposal_videos_are_videos_versions_of_written_proposals_used_by_nonprofits_to_raise_funds_for_their_projects.

Thanks so much! [[User:Videos4world|Videos4world]] ([[User talk:Videos4world|talk]]) 06:12, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:The primary purpose of this draft seems to be giving advice. Giving advice isn't something that Wikipedia does. It just recycles published facts from reliable sources. So the draft shouldn't say for example "A proposal video should have a mission statement of its organisation within the storyline" (my emphasis), as it now does; instead it should say for example {{DarkRed|Three studies found that around 80% of successful proposal videos submitted to grant organizations in northwest Europe from 2016 to 2019 had mission statements whereas 60% of unsuccessful proposal videos did not.[1][2][3]}}, with each of those three index numbers pointing to a study published in a (non-vanity) academic journal or similar. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 08:09, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

==Wikipedia as a source==
What if the only other source is Wikipedia? [[User:Jajajay|Jajajay]] ([[User talk:Jajajay|talk]]) 06:42, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:If the only potential sources for a particular subject are in Wikipedia, then it's not a subject that can have an article in Wikipedia. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 07:32, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Https issues ==

I was changing links from http to https on Cleveland, Tennessee, and when i tried to publish it, it said a link to a blacklisted site had been added. The problem is, i didn't add a link. All i did was change http to https. Any ideas on what to do about this. [[User:Chewie1138|Chewie1138]] ([[User talk:Chewie1138|talk]]) 07:02, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:That's odd indeed. What's the page you want to link? (You can write it out here like "https :// www. spamcornucopia. com/ nigerianmillions .html".) -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 07:35, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{re|Hoary}} it was https:// www.city-data .com/zipmaps/Cleveland-Tennessee.html, based on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=spamblacklist&user=Chewie1138&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B%5D=newusers the spam blacklist log] [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 09:13, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Confession: I'd never heard of (or had forgotten about) this blacklist log. Well, {{U|Chewie1138}}, city-data [[Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Perennial_sources#Advameg|wouldn't be worth linking to]] even if doing so were technically possible. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 11:24, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Watchlist ==

Hello everybody, I had fun looking at watchlist stuff, including the [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Most-watched pages|1000 most watched pages]], ''Rawe ki te kite [[Little Barrier Island|Te Hauturu-o-Toi]]''. My question is, are there pages no-one watches? Should they be listed at the "things to do" sort of pages. [[User:Brunswicknic|Brunswicknic]] ([[User talk:Brunswicknic|talk]]) 07:19, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Such pages do indeed exist. There are thousands of them, but the vast majority aren't obviously important -- they're the talk pages of IPs that were only fleetingly active, and suchlike. There are currently under a hundred unwatched ''articles'', I believe. The list is visible to administrators. If you'd like to see it, become an administrator! (If it seems a perk of the job, well, there are very few such perks. No chauffeured limos, no country club memberships....) [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 07:44, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Hello {{u|Brunswicknic}}. Yes, you can watch some obscure pages that have had zero activity for 18 years if you want. But what's the point of that? [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 08:30, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:::{{u|Hoary}} I'm surprised you think there are under a hundred unwatched articles out of 6.3 million articles. I think several thousand is more likely, but we don't identify them as that would encourage vandalism of unwatched articles.--[[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]]|[[User talk:Shantavira|feed me]] 11:15, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
{{u|Shantavira}} Good point, though not sure vandals will be looking at some sort of "things to do" list. I suppose my point is not that I particularly want to increase my watchlist, but that if nobody is watching an article, it may well be open to vandalism. I do acknowledge that there are some good anti-vandal bots out there, many many thanks to the people who made and maintain them. Though if {{u|Hoary}} is right, then yes gosh, only a hundred, it's not much. And I know what a tough job, hard work, adminship is, and I thank all those admins who maintain and improve WP and keep us dilettante editors from getting carried away. [[User:Brunswicknic|Brunswicknic]] ([[User talk:Brunswicknic|talk]]) 11:26, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Brunswicknic}} Administrators can see [[Special:UnwatchedPages]]. It was last updated two days ago and shows 95 articles. All I examined were created in the last month and have 1 watcher now (not me), so somebody may be going through the list to watch them. Administrators can see the number of page watchers when others only see "Fewer than 30 watchers", e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurukavak&action=info here]. "Add pages I create and files I upload to my watchlist" at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist]] is enabled by default so most pages have one watcher from the beginning. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 11:41, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{ping|PrimeHunter}} Thank you very much, that is good to know. Again I thank the admins, but also those who set up (no doubt after lots of trial and a little bit of error) such a system. [[User:Brunswicknic|Brunswicknic]] ([[User talk:Brunswicknic|talk]]) 03:12, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Talk ==

I am trying to respond back to the individual on talk but am unsure how to respond back. How do I respond back to the individual on his talk in order to prove that the correction was made for approval? [[User:Aletahall2021|Aletahall2021]] ([[User talk:Aletahall2021|talk]]) 07:45, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{Reply to|Aletahall2021}} In order to send a [[WP:NOTIFICATION|notification]], you have to link that person's username ''and'' sign in the same edit. I've done so in this response to you. Go into source editing mode and look at how I use [[Template:Reply to]] and try the same. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 08:02, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Loveable_lion ==

Hello, please can you tell me how to put a jpg file/picture on an edit you've done?

Many thanks [[User:Loveable lion.gurl|Loveable lion.gurl]] ([[User talk:Loveable lion.gurl|talk]]) 09:22, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|Loveable lion.gurl}} [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|A fancy image description]] (check the source code on how its done) See also [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]]. [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 09:27, 3 March 2021(UTC)

Thank you Victor Schmidt for helping me on my editing journey!
And telling me the answer to my question

Many thanks — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Loveable lion.gurl|Loveable lion.gurl]] ([[User talk:Loveable lion.gurl#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Loveable lion.gurl|contribs]]) 09:34, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Adding a link to a name in an infobox in Visual Editor ==

Hello! I work for Ben-Gurion University and am editing their page for the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Blaustein_Institutes_for_Desert_Research
How do I add a link to the name of the director in the infobox in Visual Editor? [[User:BIDR74|BIDR74]] ([[User talk:BIDR74|talk]]) 10:17, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|BIDR74}}, welcome to the Teahouse - I have done it for you as an example, for further edits please have a look at [[H:L]]. [[User:CommanderWaterford|CommanderWaterford]] ([[User talk:CommanderWaterford|talk]]) 10:24, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you! — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:BIDR74|BIDR74]] ([[User talk:BIDR74#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/BIDR74|contribs]]) 10:27, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

:Hello, {{U|BIDR74}}, and welcome to the Teahouse. If you work for the university and are editing any articles connected with them, then you are reagarded by Wikipedia as a [[WP:paid editor|paid editor]], and you '''must''' make the declarations specified at that link. You should also read about editing with a [[WP:conflict of interest|conflict of interest]]. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 12:02, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== change ==

When will the change I made to Lazlo Lorand biography, which is noted on the edited page version, appear on the main and first page of his biography [[User:Martinsugarman16|Martinsugarman16]] ([[User talk:Martinsugarman16|talk]]) 11:20, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello {{u|Martinsugarman16}}, your edits were reverted due to incorrect format by another editor. As such they will not appear of the main and/or first page of his biography. [[User:SenatorLEVI|'''Senator''']][[User talk:SenatorLEVI|'''LEVI''']] 11:46, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hello, {{U|Martinsugarman16}}, and welcome to the Teahouse and to Wikipedia. Your edit was in good faith, but there were some things wrong with it. I think it was rather unkind of both {{U|KIENGIR}} (who reverted your edits) and {{U|SenatorLEVI}} above not to give a clear explanation to a new editor. You added information to an article, and gave a citation: well done! That's better than many new editors manage to do. KIENGIR's objection was that you hadn't put the citation in a proper format as explained at [[WP:REFB|REFB]].
:I have now reapplied your edit, but with some changes:
:* I have not put it in the lead section, but in the biography section, where I trhink it is more appropriate
:* I have formatted the reference as a proper citation. I don't think that KIENGIR was right to have reverted for this reason, but the fact that you didn't give full bibliographic information, so that a reader ten years hence would be able to track it down, is a problem.
:* I have removed the mention of his being Jewish, mostly because that was not in the source. ''All'' information in a Wikipedia article should be found in a reliable published source. Even with a source, it is not necessarily the case that this should be mentioned, and it should not in the lead unless it is significant to the subject's notability: see [[WP:CONTEXTBIO|CONTEXTBIO]]. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 12:34, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{U|ColinFine}},
::I have to completely refuse to judge me being "unkind", neither it holds for SenatorLEVI. The edit log proves that ("please.."). I considered better than just put a cn tag, and I wished to see especially the source for veification. However, thank you for fixing it.([[User:KIENGIR|KIENGIR]] ([[User talk:KIENGIR|talk]]) 12:45, 3 March 2021 (UTC))
:::Hello, {{U|KIENGIR}}. I did not say you were impolite (you were not) I said that both you and SenatorLevi were unkind in not explaining clearly to a new user just what was wrong with his edit. Your edit summary said "please use proper source format" without an explanation or a link to find out what the proper source format was - similarly Levi's comment above; and you didn't post anything on his talk page. Many new users don't realise that they can look at the history and see edit comments. I don't know if Martinsugarman16 knew to look, but his question above suggests that he wasn't aware that somebody had manually reverted his edit: if so, then he certainly wouldn't have seen your edit summary. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 14:39, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{U|ColinFine}},
::::still reject being unkind, I did not investigate the user's background, I had zero negative intention, and ''please'' excludes the possibility not just being unkind, but even negligent. However, next time I will cite in the edit log a WP guideline/rule, so noone may say I did not give sufficient information.([[User:KIENGIR|KIENGIR]] ([[User talk:KIENGIR|talk]]) 14:45, 3 March 2021 (UTC))

== Sandbox ==

How do i go about a sandbox? [[User:Rmesiwotso|Rmesiwotso]] ([[User talk:Rmesiwotso|talk]]) 11:23, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Click on [[User:Rmesiwotso/Sandbox|this link]], edit, save. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 11:26, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi [[User:Rmesiwotso|Rmesiwotso]], welcome to the Teahouse. I see you already created [[User:Rmesiwotso/sandbox]] before posting. That is the page linked on "Sandbox" at the top of pages so I recommend using that and not Rmesiwotso's /Sandbox link. Please clarify your question. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 11:49, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Richard Baker (1962 businessman) ==
{{courtesy link|Richard Baker (British businessman, born 1962)}}

Good morning, I have been trying to update my boss's Wiki entry. I first tried using a new account I set up for him (Richard Andrew Baker), made the changes, published, and a few hours noticed that it had reverted to the old version. I didn't understand why. I then set up a new account for me (KimberleyKitten), re-amended the entry and the same thing happened. The Luke that is mentioned in some of the communications, is an IT friend of mine who was trying to help me. Basically, Mr Baker's entry isn't changing much at all, just that his roles are being put in to chronological order. Could someone advise on how to update and retain the amended entry; ie what I need to change or alter, thank you. I copied and pasted the revised entry so I could refer to it myself if necessary, <s>this is copied below in case it is of any help</s>:
 [[User:KimberleyKitten|KimberleyKitten]] ([[User talk:KimberleyKitten|talk]]) 12:01, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hi {{u|KimberleyKitten}}. You and perhaps your boss might be misunderstanding some important things about Wikipedia. So, I strongly suggest you carefully read the following pages before you (or anyone else who might be connected to your boss) try and edit the article about him any further: [[:Wikipedia:Conflict of interest]], [[:Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure]], [[:Wikipedia:Ownership of content]] and [[:Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons#Relationship between the subject, the article, and Wikipedia]]. If after doing so you have any questions, feel free to come back and ask them here at the Teahouse. — [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 12:16, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hi {{u|KimberleyKitten}}. Your edits were reverted because of various style issues - but more importantly: since you have a [[WP:COI|conflict of interest]] with the subject of an article - you should only [[WP:COIREQ|make an Edit Request on the article's talk page]]. (also, rather than copypasting large amounts of text into the Teahouse, please use the [[Help:My sandbox|sandbox]] in future). --[[:User:Paul Carpenter|Paul]] ❬[[:User talk:Paul Carpenter|talk]]❭ 12:23, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

{{fyi|Merged related sections. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:41, 3 March 2021 (UTC)}}
Hi, thanks for getting back to me. Having tried to understand the limitations, it isn't obvious to me why some of what we have amended is not allowed, there is a small amount of additional information, and the rest of the roles have been put in to a new chronological order. I also didn't copy and paste anything in to the entry when amending, I just kept a copy of it for my file. Can anyone tell me what to do in layman's terms? Many thanks, kind regards, Kimberley [[User:KimberleyKitten|KimberleyKitten]] ([[User talk:KimberleyKitten|talk]]) 14:28, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|KimberleyKitten}} Because you have a conflict of interest, you are discouraged from editing the article directly since it's very hard for you to remain in a [[WP:NPOV|neutral point of view]]. You should instead make [[WP:COIREQ|edit requests]] at the talk page; instructions are in the link. Also, please continue the discussion in the same section; it helps other editors keep track of prior replies. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:41, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::In addition, per the message left on your Talk page "You are required by the Wikimedia Foundation's terms of use to disclose your employer, client, and affiliation with respect to any contribution which forms all or part of work for which you receive, or expect to receive, compensation." See [[WP:PAID]] for how to declare that on your User page. Sam would apply to Luke. Per what Ganbaruby wrote, you are prohibited from editing the article directly. Instead, specifically worded content is to be proposed on the Talk page of the article, so that a non-involved editor can decide to implement or not. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 14:53, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

==Table==
First round of discussion about 'Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?' in relation to Wikipedia article titles has been initiated at following talk pages.

Since I had promised at this notice board to keep informed hence a discussion invitation message.

Why at multiple talk pages, because 1) it is just initial first round only 2) to reach out a more people over a long long period.

Please do join in discussions, Thanks and regards [[User:Bookku|Bookku]] ([[User talk:Bookku|talk]]) 12:03, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!First round of discussion about 'Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?' in relation to Wikipedia article titles.
|-
|[[Talk:Islamic art#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Islamic art]]
|-
|[[Talk:Islamic dietary laws#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Islamic dietary laws]]
|-
|[[Talk:Islamic culture#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Islamic culture]]
|-
|[[Talk:Women in Islam#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Women in Islam]]
|-
|[[Talk:Apostasy in Islam#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Apostasy in Islam]]
|-
|[[Talk:List of former Muslims#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:List of former Muslims]]
|-
|[[Talk:Islamic Golden Age#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Islamic Golden Age]]
|}

:This seems to be more appropriate for WikiProjects like [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Islam|WikiProject Islam]]. —[[User:Tenryuu|Tenryuu 🐲]] ( [[User talk:Tenryuu|💬]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tenryuu|📝]] ) 12:17, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Chapter One: The Hellfire Club ==
I have written an article about the first episode of Season Four of Stranger Things. It was declined for not having any references (fair enough). I have now added eighteen refrences. When will it be reviewed? And when will it be published? (if you think it is good enough) [[Special:Contributions/146.199.189.161|146.199.189.161]] ([[User talk:146.199.189.161|talk]]) 12:39, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. As noted on your draft, "This may take 4 months or more, since drafts are reviewed in no specific order. There are 4,787 pending submissions waiting for review." You will need to be patient. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 12:40, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
I am just wondering though, because it has been reviewed before, and I have now added eighteen references, if one of the Teahouse editors could review it? Cheers.

:I'm afraid that's not how it works. There is no deadline, and in any case, folk are more likely to take a look if you provide a link. I noticed that the first sentence of your draft contains the word "upcoming" which is something of a red flag to reviewers. While you're waiting you might usefully be reading [[WP:UPCOMING]].--[[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]]|[[User talk:Shantavira|feed me]] 13:26, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::Teahouse volunteers are not necessarily draft reviewers (a few are). The system is not a queue - reviewers select what they want to review. So, could be days, weeks, or (sadly) months.[[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 13:51, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
This is the link as requested: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Chapter_One:_The_Hellfire_Club — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/146.199.189.161|146.199.189.161]] ([[User talk:146.199.189.161#top|talk]]) 14:03, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

:But I can tell you that a draft which suddenly spouts eighteen references, the first twelve of which don't appear to relate the subject, and the next two are to Twitter and Instagram, doesn't inspire much confidence that it is worth a reviewer spending any time on your draft. One of the first things a reviewer does - mirroring the absolutely first thing an article writer should do - is look for the three or four references that are [[WP:RS|reliable]], [[WP:I|independent]] and give [[WP:significant coverage|significant coverage]] to the subject of the article (not to the series it belongs to). There may be such sources among your eighteen, but if I were a reviewer, I would probably do what I've just done, and conclude that it wasn't worth my time wading through the rest of them looking for evidence of notability. Note in particular that it is very rarely worth adducing more than one source for a particular point, and when a writer does so it often suggests that they are struggling to find satisfactory references for the rest. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 14:54, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] If you look back through the references, the first nine are about the cast of the episode and the next eight are about the season and the title's announcement. I would say these are references to do with the episode. Reading these, you would know the history behind the season and episode, and the cast. But what do you want me to do with the draft, if it isn't worth a reviewer looking through it? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/146.199.189.161|146.199.189.161]] ([[User talk:146.199.189.161#top|talk]]) 15:08, 3 March 2021 (UTC)[[Special:Contributions/146.199.189.161|146.199.189.161]] ([[User talk:146.199.189.161|talk]]) 09:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== help pls ==

i got perm banned from test wiki [[User:Skid and Pump|Skid and Pump]] ([[User talk:Skid and Pump|talk]]) 13:46, 3 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Skid and Pump|Skid and Pump]] ([[User talk:Skid and Pump|talk]]) 13:46, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Skid and Pump}} You are not currently blocked at all. Public sandboxes like [[Wikipedia:Sandbox]] get cleared by a bot regularly. You have your own personal sandbox at [[User:Skid and Pump/sandbox]], which is not cleared. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:29, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{re|Ganbaruby}} They are not blocked on en-wp, but they are indeed blocked on test-wp by {{U|Koavf}} (see [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=&user=&page=User%3ASkid+and+Pump&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B%5D=newusers log]). I see no warning on their talk page beforehand, so one might argue it is a bit harsh; but then again, stuff like [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Undefined_undefined&diff=prev&oldid=468328 this] looks like they are testing how to make efficient vandalism, which we should probably not encourage. [[User:Tigraan|Tigraan]][[User talk:Tigraan|Click here to contact me]] 14:38, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Huh, TIL that's a thing. My bad. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:44, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== A Moral Quandary ==

Hello, everyone!
I am a recently extended-confirmed editor on Wikipedia. Recently, a nonprofit organization that I work with in my personal life called [[VoteRiders]] sent out an email coincidentally asking for volunteers to help them with their Wikipedia page. I signed up because I enjoy editing Wikipedia, and they only recently reached out to me with the details of what they actually want to do. Their goal is to get more WikiLinks to VoteRiders in other pages of Wikipedia so that it is easier for their organization to be discovered – for instance, because the actress [[Amy Schumer]] volunteers with them, they would like to have a mention and WikiLink included on her page (but they can't do it themselves because the page is extended-confirmed).

The project felt innocent at first, but now I'm starting to wonder if it's unethical – even though some of the WikiLinks that they want to put in actually feel like notable additions to the articles, it seems wrong for an organization with stake in the matter to have control over what content goes in or stays out. Additionally, although I don't have any financial ties to the organization, my personal support for them makes me feel that it would be hard to make decisions around this in an unbiased way. Does anyone have any guidance on what I should do? And if the project is unethical, what course of action should I advice to the people at VoteRiders who contacted me in the first place?
Thank you! [[User:Kokopelli7309|Kokopelli7309]] ([[User talk:Kokopelli7309|talk]]) 13:54, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{u|Kokopelli7309}}. My suggestion would be to try and explain yourself or get the VoteRider people to read [[:WP:NOT]], [[:WP:OWN]], [[:WP:COI]], [[:WP:PAID]], [[:WP:NOBLE]] and [[:WP:NORG]] because it sounds like they are misunderstanding some things about Wikipedia. You might also get them to look at [[:WP:ALTERNATIVE]] because there are probably better and easier ways for them to achieve their objective of getting more exposure for their organization. — [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 14:21, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Kokopelli7309}}, it may not be an issue here, but you could mention ''[https://www.seroundtable.com/google-links-wikipedia-seo-29996.html Google: Links From Wikipedia Does Nothing For Your Site & Has No SEO Value]'' [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 18:14, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

::It might be worth mentioning that the article talk page has old discussions about conflict of interest. At least one past editor disclosed a COI, and a few [[WP:SPA]]s appear in the edit history. --[[User:Drm310|Drm310]] 🍁 ([[User talk:Drm310|talk]]) 19:13, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

I'm not a host but i can help. I agree with user marchjuly's above reply. I would day that would be the best course of action. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Chewie1138|Chewie1138]] ([[User talk:Chewie1138#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Chewie1138|contribs]]) 20:10, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

== Can't find Draft in pending AfC submissions ==

Has this [[Draft:Shama_(Magazine)|draft]] been submitted for review? I cannot find it in the AfC Pending submissions list but the draft page has the subst:submit template. Thank you! --[[User:Indianite|Indianite]] ([[User talk:Indianite|talk]]) 14:00, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Indianite}} It's there. See also [[:Category:AfC pending submissions by age/0 days ago]]. There's a lot of pending submissions, and they are not reviewed in any particular order, so please be patient! [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:24, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Ah thank you. I'm really sorry. I only checked the [[:Category:AfC_submissions_by_date/02 March 2021]] page which didn't list the draft. --[[User:Indianite|Indianite]] ([[User talk:Indianite|talk]]) 14:32, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::: {{ping|Indianite}} Funny enough, it's there too, just on page two. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:37, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::: I guess today's just not my day :) --[[User:Indianite|Indianite]] ([[User talk:Indianite|talk]]) 14:42, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Three reverts rule ==

If any editor is vandalising a page continuously and I am reverting it and at last I revert the third time then also that editor vandalises that page again, then what should I do as I it would be againt the tree revert rule, if I see that after two hour also no one has reverted that vandalism then what to do? [[User:ExclusiveEditor|ExclusiveEditor]] ([[User talk:ExclusiveEditor|talk]]) 14:32, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|ExclusiveEditor}} Reverting obvious vandalism (must be indisputable) is exempt from the three revert rule; see [[WP:NOT3RR]]. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:35, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Wikipedia article in another language ==

I have been working on a article and there is a more detailed version on the Norwegian wiki. I was wondering if a translated version could be transferred to the English wiki and then copy edited and changed up? Is this allowed and If so does this require a professional editor? Here are the articles both English and Norwegian,https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egil_Svartdahl and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egil_Svartdahl.
? [[User:Gandalf the Groovy|Gandalf the Groovy]] ([[User talk:Gandalf the Groovy|talk]]) 14:58, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Translating from other languages [[WP:Translation|is allowed]], but the caveat is that you must link to the original article's edit history to satisfy [[WP:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License|Wikipedia's licensing]]. Note that notability and sourcing standards are not 1:1 between different Wikipediae, so you will need to familiarise yourself with [[WP:Notability]] and [[WP:Reliable sources]]. —[[User:Jéské Couriano|A little blue Bori]] [[User talk:Jéské Couriano|v^_^v]] [[Special:Contributions/Jéské Couriano|Takes a strong man to deny...]] 15:53, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Fandom encyclopedia? ==

Is Fandom.org basically an online encyclopedia like Wikipedia but with more detailed articles on television cartoon series? It seems many shows have their own dedicated "mini encyclopedias" within the website itself. [[Special:Contributions/47.150.227.254|47.150.227.254]] ([[User talk:47.150.227.254|talk]]) 15:01, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Essentially. Fandom started life as [[Wikia]]. —[[User:Jéské Couriano|A little blue Bori]] [[User talk:Jéské Couriano|v^_^v]] [[Special:Contributions/Jéské Couriano|Takes a strong man to deny...]] 15:51, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Off Wiki discussions ==

I was hoping for some clarity on off wiki discussions. I see this page: [[Wikipedia:Off-wiki_policy_discussion]] which makes it clear that not all discussions need to occur on-wiki. But also see this page: [[Wikipedia:Canvassing]] which warns against off-wiki communication. It seems like the dividing line is whether you are trying to rally people towards a goal or just getting the word out of an ongoing discussion so people can participate. So in this vein, off-wiki posting about the edits you make should be fine, since you're not attempting to change anyone's mind. You are simply writing a public diary in a way. Please let me know if my understanding is incorrect. Thanks [[User:Nweil|Nweil]] ([[User talk:Nweil|talk]]) 16:33, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:I have to say that I don't know how current that essay is, it was written in 2006. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 18:09, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{re|Nweil}} The specific forum matters as well. For example, posting about a discussion on [[Black Lives Matter]] will have a very different effect posted on [[Parler]] versus [[Facebook]]. In general, if you are forum shopping to get a favorable discussion anywhere, on or off wiki, it will hurt your standing in any discussion. People will probably find out, and might even report the canvassing on the administrator's noticeboard. Unless the venue is clearly neutral, best to use more common procedures such as posting on project pages, talk pages or using [[Wikipedia:Requests for comment]]. [[User:Timtempleton|TimTempleton]] [[User talk:Timtempleton|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Timtempleton|(cont)]] 19:51, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::The Forum Shopping page [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#FORUMSHOP]] specifically relates to on-wiki discussion ("noticeboards", "talk pages", "administrators" or "reviewers") not about social media venues. With regards to canvassing, it seems you are referring to the stealth canvassing section. Again, that section specifically relates to ''persuading'' people. Posting about an edit or discussion is not necessarily persuasion regardless of the forum it is posted in. That would seem to require a call to action, no? [[User:Nweil|Nweil]] ([[User talk:Nweil|talk]]) 20:35, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Fixing a draft article ==

I am working on draft article and I've now realized it has the wrong name and I cannot correct it. I was wondering if there was a way to fix it or do I have to create a new draft page? [[User:Jediaj02|Jediaj02]] ([[User talk:Jediaj02|talk]]) 16:39, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Jediaj02}} I would leave a note for potential reviewers that the title is incorrect; if accepted, the reviewer will place it at the proper title. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 16:43, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Why was one of my contributions reverted by an unregistered user? ==

In the page for a incredibox, i added a timeline thing for all of the versions. Heres the original revision: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Incredibox&oldid=1000572682

and then some random guy removed it. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Incredibox&oldid=1003796431

Why? [[User:Lionsleeps26|Lionsleeps26]] ([[User talk:Lionsleeps26|talk]]) 16:50, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Lionsleeps26}} You added a timeline to [[Incredibox]] on 15 January and an IP deleted it without an Edit summary on 23 January. One path open to you is add it again. If deleted again, then you could start a discussion on the Talk page of the article. One issue may be that the timeline needs references to confirm the releases in the versions listed, given that the entire Musical styles section is without references. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 17:17, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:: {{u|David_notMD}}, i cant find good sources. Which is weird because its really popular on the app store. i did find [https://wellnessconclave.com/l4iy9pp5/incredibox-demo-v7-9d1e21 this article], but the entire article is kind of a bruh moment. [[User:Lionsleeps26|Lionsleeps26]] ([[User talk:Lionsleeps26|talk]]) 17:32, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::The Development section is also short on references. The whole article needs to be tagged accordingly rather than sprinkling it with 'citation needed'. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 21:35, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Can I get my old account back without email? ==

Hello. I forgot my password for my old account, [[User:KTTcontributes|KTTcontributes]]. I didn't input my email, so can anyone help? Thank you, [[User:KTTcontributesNEW|KTTNEW]] [[User talk:KTTcontributesNEW|Talk :D]] [[Special:Contributions/KTTcontributesNEW|contribz]] 18:07, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:I'm afraid not, {{U|KTTcontributesNEW}}: if there's no email, then there is no way for anybody to recover the account. All you can do is put a message on both user pages explaining and each linking to the other. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]])

Oof. Should've saved my password, but it's ok. [[User:KTTcontributesNEW|KTTNEW]] [[User talk:KTTcontributesNEW|Talk :D]] [[Special:Contributions/KTTcontributesNEW|contribz]] 18:18, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|KTTcontributesNEW}} {{ec}} No, unfortunally not. If you hadn't set an email, there is no way to recover it. [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 18:19, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::Given that you had started KTTcontributes on 1 March, just give it up for lost and continue as KTTcontributesNEW. It appears you have already recreated some of your User page decor. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 21:38, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Draft:Tony Jazz ==

Hello

Can anyone review or help me improve this draft?

Thanks [[User:Art&football|Art&football]] ([[User talk:Art&football|talk]]) 19:02, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{courtesy link|Draft:Tony Jazz}} [[User:Timtempleton|TimTempleton]] [[User talk:Timtempleton|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Timtempleton|(cont)]] 19:40, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Welcome to the Teahouse! In my opinion, the draft might be rejected, as Tony Jazz appears to be only [[WP:1E|notable for one event]]. Obama's 2012 reelection song is not exactly that ''notable'', wouldn't you think? Basically he needs to have significant coverage to deserve a Wikipedia article. See [[WP:BIO]] for details on this. I feel like it's kind of on the border here... [[User:Sungodtemple|Sungodtemple]] ([[User talk:Sungodtemple|talk]]) 13:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Rejection of my draft ==

Hello. My draft, [[Draft:Wilbur Soot|Wilbur Soot]], was recently declined due to me not addressing comments about the subject not passing the criteria at [[WP:NM]]. In actuality, I had addressed the concerns, just on the talk page, although the reviewer missed that, which is understandable, as it was the wrong place (which I know realize).

I'll lay out my argument here once again, in case that's helpful. Criteria number two at [[WP:NM]] states that subjects may be notable if one of their albums or singles have appeared on a national music chart, which the subject in question, Will Gold, has done with "[[Your New Boyfriend]]", which peaked at number 65 on the [[UK Singles Chart]]. This, in addition to additional sources existing to flesh out the article, makes the subject, in my opinion, most likely notable.

I was wondering if it was possible to get a re-review, or anything of the sorts. Thanks for any and all help. [[User:IanTEB|IanTEB]] ([[User talk:IanTEB|talk]]) 19:43, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|IanTEB}} not an AfC reviewer, but AfC doesn't own drafts. I'd say it's more likely than not to survive an AfD, so if you'd like me to publish it I'd be willing to. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 20:47, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:: Yes, that'd be very helpful. Thank you! [[User:IanTEB|IanTEB]] ([[User talk:IanTEB|talk]]) 21:01, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{u|IanTEB}} I've gone ahead and moved it to mainspace. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 23:15, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== additional facts with citations to Laszlo Lorand biography ==

I have added two further facts and citations to Laszlo's biograohy - when will they appear?? [[User:Martinsugarman16|Martinsugarman16]] ([[User talk:Martinsugarman16|talk]]) 19:52, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{re|Martinsugarman16}} Your edits at [[Laszlo Lorand]] are there now. [[User:RudolfRed|RudolfRed]] ([[User talk:RudolfRed|talk]]) 20:25, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== How can I replace an book cover image that I added? ==

How should I replace a book cover image that I added?

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Novel_Explosives.jpg

I want to delete it and use instead the redesigned book cover that's on the publisher's website.

http://zerogrampress.com/2016/10/08/novel-explosives/

Thank you! [[User:Pcaabplroa|Pcaabplroa]] ([[User talk:Pcaabplroa|talk]]) 20:06, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|Pcaabplroa}} you should upload a new file instead of overwriting that one. See [[commons:Commons:Overwriting existing files]] for the policy on this. Then, you can replace the uses of the old file with the new one in articles, but keep the old one around. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 20:43, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

::{{re|Elliot321}} I also want to delete the old file. Is that possible? [[User:Pcaabplroa|Pcaabplroa]] ([[User talk:Pcaabplroa|talk]]) 04:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:::{{re|Pcaabplroa}} perhaps, but it's discouraged. The file is under an appropriate license and there's not a good reason to delete it. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 20:55, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

::::{{re|Elliot321}} I just uploaded the new cover image. I don't think I did it in the same way because I can't remember how. Can you please tell me if this is right or how to fix it? Thank you

::::https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Novel_Explosives_by_Jim_Gauer.jpg

::::[[User:Pcaabplroa|Pcaabplroa]] ([[User talk:Pcaabplroa|talk]]) 04:21, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Pcaabplroa}}, you uploaded it to Wikipedia as non-free media. The website you took the cover from says "The text and images of this website are available for modification and reuse under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License and the GNU Free Documentation License (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts)." - and the old cover is uploaded to commons as free media under such a license.
:
:Would you like me to move the file to Commons? Since it is free media, apparently. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 04:23, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

::{{re|Elliot321}} Yes, please! I want it to be published just like the first time. [[User:Pcaabplroa|Pcaabplroa]] ([[User talk:Pcaabplroa|talk]]) 04:25, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{u|Pcaabplroa}} done.
:::
:::btw, is this your book? if so that's a conflict of interest and you might want to disclose that. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 04:33, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

::::{{re|Elliot321}} Thank you! No, it's not my book. I'm a graphic designer and contributed some of the design ideas. [[User:Pcaabplroa|Pcaabplroa]] ([[User talk:Pcaabplroa|talk]]) 04:45, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::{{u|Pcaabplroa}} ah, I see! (that's still a minor concern, depending on your involvement, but it doesn't seem like a large problem in this case) [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 04:47, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Partner to publish first Wikipedia Article - How to find one? ==

I "joined" ~ 3 yrs ago...in retirement... while researching a subject I hoped to "publish." (It relates to lots of existing content.)

I made a couple edits to related Wikipedia subjects while drafting my original article -- but that was my total actual contribution.
Actual "publishing" seemed too daunting. Learning W's arcane language...

So, I simply drafted in plain English, in the "style" of Wikipedia, but never published.
I did identify all links to existing article.
And there it sits in a word-processing format, for two years.

How do I find a someone actually edit/publish?

And where might I go for any reply? (I don't know how to use "Talk" or "Sandbox" or...
Could I just do email? Is there some way to share the content off-line as a PDF perhaps?)

Oh, and the subject is... U.S. Naval history - pre-Civil War (in case that strikes someone's interest)

My Wiki name is Richard Furwood [[User:Richard Furwood|Richard Furwood]] ([[User talk:Richard Furwood|talk]]) 22:26, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Save it as plain text (not in a word processing format). Copy this to the clipboard of your computer. Click on [[User:Richard Furwood/sandbox|this link]]. Paste it there. Click on "Publish changes" (which means ''save'' what you have). Then ask here about it. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 23:03, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

::Thank you. I have pictures as well and footnotes. Will convert and post as instructed in the next couple days (it may take that long to convert and purge all the formatting I did to make it "look" like a Wiki document. Appreciate whatever help, advice you can offer. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Richard Furwood|Richard Furwood]] ([[User talk:Richard Furwood#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Richard Furwood|contribs]]) 00:49, 4 March 2021 (UTC) 

:::[[File:Orval beer and orval glass.jpg|thumb|right|Here, both to fortify you and to demonstrate picture insertion, is a glass of rather good beer. (Apologies for the miscellaneous category confusions.)]]Good, {{U|Richard Furwood}}, but please do not attempt to upload any pictures until you fully understand the (necessarily stringent) legal requirements. However, you're welcome to insert pictures that are ''already'' at [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimedia Commons]. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 02:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

::::I uploaded all the plain text... but no pictures. So, the text is at the page where you sent me -- my "Sandbox?" — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Richard Furwood|Richard Furwood]] ([[User talk:Richard Furwood#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Richard Furwood|contribs]]) 02:25, 4 March 2021 (UTC) 

:::::It's at [[User:Richard Furwood/sandbox]]. Well done, {{U|Richard Furwood}}! And yes, it looks interesting. First priority: labeling subheaders as such (I've done one for you), and attaching the references to, well, what they're supposed to be attached to (I've done a bogus sample for you). Don't worry yet about the infobox or the pictures: these can come a little later. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 03:04, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:I've converted the remaining headings the best I could (I assumed the order based on the context), correct them manually if they are wrong by adding/removing a =. Don{{'}}t go below two = (''==''), and don{{'}}t go above 5. (''====='') Remember that the equals on the left must match the equals on the right! Spacing doesn't matter. [[User:WhoAteMyButter|WhoAteMyButter]] ([[User talk:WhoAteMyButter|📨]]│[[Special:Contributions/WhoAteMyButter|📝]]) 07:09, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Thank you. Thank you, both. This is beginning to look real. I will see if I can follow instructions later today... (and will try not to "break" anything!) — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Richard Furwood|Richard Furwood]] ([[User talk:Richard Furwood#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Richard Furwood|contribs]]) 17:41, 4 March 2021 (UTC) 

== First draft published ==

Good afternoon Wiki editor,
I have just published my first draft for a new page on Wiki. I haven't received a message mentioning it will be reviewed or pending for review. Have I maybe skipped a step?
Thank you! [[User:AllisonNellaF|AllisonNellaF]] ([[User talk:AllisonNellaF|talk]]) 22:57, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|AllisonNellaF}} Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. I have added the appropriate information to allow you to submit your draft for review. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 23:00, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) where could I find it?

:It's at [[Draft:Slow Shiver]]. If you submit it for review as it is, it will fail, because it doesn't cite any references. Everything that it says should come with a reference. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 23:07, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Non-declared alleged connection ==

I am dealing with an editor who claims she is the daughter of the subject but has not given any proof. For reference the article is [[Kim S. Cameron]]. Any advice? LOMRJYO[[User:Lomrjyo|(About)]] [[Special:Contributions/Lomrjyo|(contribs)]] 23:11, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: Hi {{u|Lomrjyo}}. You can advise this editor about [[:WP:COI]], [[:WP:PSCOI]] and [[:WP:BLPSELF]] (if her parent is still living), and try to explain to her that being related to the subject of the article [[:WP:OWN|doesn't give them an special editorial control over the article]]. Try to avoid [[:WP:BITE]], and let her know there are ways like [[:WP:PSCOI#Steps for engagement]] for her to seek help from others; she needs to understand, however, that she will need follow proper procedure for things to go smoothly. You might also want to ask her to look at [[:WP:REALWORLD]] for reference as well since what she posts on Wikipedia will be there for everyone to see. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 23:25, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::If anything, declaring that she is related to the subject would hinder her neutrality to the article, and she would be encouraged to submit [[WP:EDITREQ|edit requests]] on the article's talk page in order to contribute. —[[User:Tenryuu|Tenryuu 🐲]] ( [[User talk:Tenryuu|💬]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tenryuu|📝]] ) 03:36, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

==Music sample==
Can I sample a short section of music on a Wikipedia page without the permission of the artist/group? If so, how long is the sample allowed to be? [[User:Castilruiz|Castilruiz]] ([[User talk:Castilruiz|talk]]) 23:17, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Castilruiz}} provided it is in an article about the song, a sample of 20-30 seconds would be appropriate. The general policy on non-free content is at [[Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria]]. To upload, go to [[Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard]], select "This is a copyrighted, non-free work, but I believe it is Fair Use.", then select "This is some other kind of non-free work that I believe is legitimate Fair Use.", and finally choose the option "Sound sample of an audio recording". Be sure to fill in all the necessary fields or the file may be deleted. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 23:27, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ec}} Hi {{u|Castilruiz}}. Most audio clips are going to be considered to be protected by copyright and treated as [[:en:WP:NFC|non-free content]]. While it's not impossible to upload such clips and use them in articles, it needs to be done in accordance with [[:WP:NFCC|Wikipedia's non-free content use policy]]. You can find out some more specific details at [[:WP:NFC#Audio clips]] and [[:WP:NFC#Multimedia]]. If you have any more specific questions and can provide more specific details about the what you want to upload and where you want to use it, then it might be better for you to ask them at [[:Wikipedia:Media copyright questions]]. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 23:31, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== I wanted to know if someone can out a the right image for Univision Canada ==

I wanted to know if someone can out a the right image for Univision Canada? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:ItsJustdancefan|ItsJustdancefan]] ([[User talk:ItsJustdancefan#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ItsJustdancefan|contribs]]) 23:37, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

:Possibly, if that person could understand the idea of "[outing] a the right image" for [[Univision Canada]]. (Are you talking about a corporate logo?) -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 00:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Authority control ==

Hello,

I was just wondering, which articles should have {{tl|Authority control}}? I had a brief look at the docs but was wondering if I could get some clarification.

Thanks, [[User:Ritenerek|ritenerek]][[User_talk:Ritenerek|talk :)]] 23:40, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Ritenerek}} See [[Wikipedia:Authority control]]. Basically, if the topic has entries in any of the catalogs in the template documentation, it would link it if Wikidata has it. You may also specify the entries manually in the template. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 00:09, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:: {{U|Ganbaruby}}, okay. Thanks, [[User:Ritenerek|ritenerek]][[User_talk:Ritenerek|talk :)]] 00:17, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== User-boxes ==

How do I make and add user boxes. I have seen them on other profile pages and I have been wanting to upgrade my user page. Any help would be appreciated. [[User:Gandalf the Groovy|Gandalf the Groovy]] ([[User talk:Gandalf the Groovy|talk]]) 00:07, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:Please see [[Wikipedia:Userboxes]] and the links therefrom. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 00:36, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== How to ==
How to completely, thoroughly, totally, and permanently delete a Wikipedia account? If not possible, why not? Please avoid wild, vague, invalid, insignificant, inappropriate, and unprofessional answers; instead, provide us with a logically and scientifically convincing, valid, and appropriate answer. Thank you.

 [[User:Ala.academics|Ala.academics]] ([[User talk:Ala.academics|talk]]) 01:12, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
How to completely, thoroughly, totally, and permanently delete a Wikipedia account? If not possible, why not? Please avoid wild, vague, invalid, insignificant, inappropriate, and unprofessional answers; instead, provide us with a logically and scientifically convincing, valid, and appropriate answer. Thank you.
:{{u|Ala.academics}} You've gotten several answers to this question on your user talk page. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 01:17, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::Per your User page, you can utilize [[Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing]] And first, you can delete all the content on your Talk page. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 03:39, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Possibly deceased ==

Hello!
I found this article, [[Stephen Totter]], and it says he died in 2019. But there is no citation. Still categorized under Living People. I don't know how this is handled when there is an apparent grey area. Can someone help? [[User:Kirby777|Kirby777]] ([[User talk:Kirby777|talk]]) 02:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:You should find some [[WP:Citing sources|reliable source]] and see if you can fix it. If not, it doesn't meet the [[WP:GNG|criteria for notability]] and should be [[WP:AFD|nominated for deletion]]. [[User:Sungodtemple|Sungodtemple]] ([[User talk:Sungodtemple|talk]]) 02:28, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::I typed his name in google, and the first result was a news article from the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reporting his death on May 25, 2019. I updated the article, but article is still mostly unsourced. [[User:Cmr08|Cmr08]] ([[User talk:Cmr08|talk]]) 02:48, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

==Upload==
Hi, how do we upload to replace an article from sandbox? [[User:Wikigetsme123|Wikigetsme123]] ([[User talk:Wikigetsme123|talk]]) 07:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Wikigetsme123}} As explained to you [[Wikipedia:Teahouse/Questions/Archive_1097#Article makeover|last time]], we would much rather you improve the current article rather than replace the current one. However, you still need to to put it bluntly, your prose inside the sandbox is not up to Wikipedia's standards. You may try to [[WP:BOLD|boldly]] edit the existing article or propose changes on the talk page. You also mentioned last time that there's another editor that you got into a disagreement with, so please head to the talk page and try to come to a consensus. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 08:50, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
Yes, thank you for the feedback. To improve 'this' short article, I would have to add 70% of text, I would consider this a rewriting. I am waiting for feedback on the talk page for weeks now, as it is, there is nobody interested. The other editor who reversed my early small change and then agreed to change it himself (so no 'disagreement anywhere' is saying, he is only part time on Wiki 9what ever that could mean to me), suggesting another editor might help. I contacted him 3 weeks ago, but no response, yet.
That is where we are... in the air. Ok, I will change it, and hope somebody comes up with suggestions without deleting it just because of.... — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Wikigetsme123|Wikigetsme123]] ([[User talk:Wikigetsme123#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Wikigetsme123|contribs]]) 23:39, 4 March 2021 (UTC) 

== Hello! ==

So I would like the option to hide images on wikipedia, I have been using the help page on the topic to replace most pictures with the battenburg pattern until clicked on and turned off article previews in my preferences. Unfourtunately however when using the searchbox images for articles still come up and still do in the "related articles" section on many page, is there any solution for this? Thanks![[User:999ThingsToFix|999ThingsToFix]] ([[User talk:999ThingsToFix|talk]]) 07:38, 4 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:999ThingsToFix|999ThingsToFix]] ([[User talk:999ThingsToFix|talk]]) 07:38, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== AfC submission and no COI declaratoin ==

Hi there, I have a predicament and I don't know how to go about this. My last name is Ziade, I have recently changed my user name from Elie plus to my current one. I am afraid now of being accused of COI for that. This is my problem: a while back I noticed that one of the articles on my watchlist was being written over (Philippe Ziade the journalist) I created a disambig page and moved the new page (that of a politically involved entrepreneur / consul) for other users to edit and left it at that. I regularly review articles related to the Ziades (Ignatius, Phil the journalist and May) and I came upon [[Draft:Philippe Ziade (entrepreneur)|the AfC for Philippe Ziade]] when I had thought the disambig and overwriting issue was resolved.

I have reviewed the sources for the said AfC and I have created a draft but I am reluctant to edit the AfC submission because of my fear of being accused of COI. I cannot find a tag to declare non-COI and I am here to declare that I don't use Wikipedia to promote any person with my family name. I have interest in these people but I have no relationship whatsoever with any of the Ziade article subjects on Wikipedia. Please tell me how to go about this. I also declare that I am not related to Philippe Ziade (neither the journalist nor the consul) nor affiliated to him, or his business (any of his businesses). I am not in contact with him nor with anyone from his side. I will not edit this article before hearing your counsel. [[User:Elias Ziade|_Elias Z.]] ([[User talk:Elias Ziade|talkallam]]) 07:47, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:There's no requirement that announcements of this kind must be made via template. You might write something on your user page. ¶ I note that both [[Draft:Philippe Ziade (businessman)]] and [[Draft:Philippe Ziade (entrepreneur)]] are about the same person, and that they use the same photograph: a photograph clearly taken with the cooperation of the biographee. Furthermore, the photograph first appeared for use in [[Philippe Ziade Real Estate Developer]], an article subsequently deleted as unambiguously promotional. (The new "businessman" draft says that Ziade "is the founder and chairman of Las-Vegas based Growth Holdings"; the photograph was uploaded by the user "GrowthHoldingsPZ", later blocked for promotional activities.) There seems to be something fishy about all the activity on Wikipedia surrounding Ziade, whose [[WP:PERSON|notability]] is not obvious to me. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 08:31, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:: {{u|Hoary}} I am not aware of the deleted article's edit history; I was only made aware of the article of this person when I noticed the edit conflict on the journalist's article. If the image is problematic why not delete it altogether? (For the record I don't think it's Wikipedia-appropriate because it looks like a promotional posed corporate shot, I only kept it because I saw it on the AfC page and assumed it was okay-ed). I have written an article from scratch and supplemented every primary source (interview video) with a secondary one. As for the notability issue, the person is notorious due to his alleged political connection with the ruling class, and shortly thereafter for his paradoxical refusal to participate in a cabinet dominated by [[Hezbollah|HA]] after the liquidation of a regionally influential Iranian general. After that he was targeted by what people here qualify as a vengeful smearing campaign on a political background which (I only included a part of it). Other accusations include his relationships with Lebanese singer [[Yara (singer)]] and [[Najwa Karam]], both of which are Arab divas, while being married. I found these bits of information irrelevant and ill-sourced and I did not include them in the article. Ziade is also popular among young graduates for obvious reasons. I am not responsible for paid or edits made by [[Wikipedia:Connected contributor|connected contributors]] (GrowthHoldingsPZ) or others. I raised this subject here because I worked on the article and found that there's a pending AfC. I am interested in Philip's story but I am in no way [[Wikipedia:Connected contributor|connected to him]] and refuse any insinuation of the sort. I have been here for the third of my life and I have never even considered breaching Wikipedia code and mission. [[User:Elias Ziade|_Elias Z.]] ([[User talk:Elias Ziade|talkallam]]) 09:05, 4 March 2021 (UTC)\
:: While here I would like to inquire if starting an article for an MP with the same last name as mine will raise COI questions. I am also not related or affiliated with that person (Camil Ziade). [[User:Elias Ziade|_Elias Z.]] ([[User talk:Elias Ziade|talkallam]]) 09:09, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Given your extensive and stellar history of improving Wikipedia articles (Wow!!), I see no reason why anyone would doubt a simple declaration on your User page that you are and will be editing articles about people with the same last name as you ([[Draft:Philippe Ziade (businessman)]]), but that you have no COI with any of them. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 10:12, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{U|Elias Ziade}}, the image is fine. Its uploading and initial use raised my eyebrows; but now that it's at Commons you're free to use it. And yes, I agree with what David notMD has written immediately above. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 11:51, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::: I am sorry if anything I wrote was defensive in any way. I am very humbled by your words of encouragement {{u|David notMD}} and {{u|Hoary}} Words don't convey intentions well but I am very impassioned and I take starting and improving articles very seriously. I was afraid that my family name would impede my plans to publish more articles about known Ziades that I am not related to. Now how can I proceed? Is it possible to delete the AfC article so I can publish the draft I wrote? [[User:Elias Ziade|_Elias Z.]] ([[User talk:Elias Ziade|talkallam]]) 13:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::: There's nothing to apologize for, really. I suggest you just ignore the "entrepreneur" draft. As for the "businessman" draft, unfortunately I don't read Arabic (and don't trust Google Translate) so can't judge whether your man is notable (in the odd sense that the word is used here in Wikipedia). Unfortunately it's past my bedtime and my brain cells are dying even as I type, so I just hope that {{U|David notMD}} (or somebody else) will give you an intelligent response. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 13:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

Given your Wikipedia experience, I suggest you avoid AfC and just promote [[Draft:Philippe Ziade (businessman)]] to article status. However, the draft is a bit 'fluffy', and could use trimming. I did some. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 14:18, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Fluffy describes it well lol. I will do that thank you for your time everybody. [[User:Elias Ziade|_Elias Z.]] ([[User talk:Elias Ziade|talkallam]]) 14:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== process of providing the copyrights for my company page ==

what is the process of having Wikipedia copyright for the magazine page? What documents I have to submit and how I have to submit and where i have to submit the documents? please guide me. [[User:Sauravgupta7297|Sauravgupta7297]] ([[User talk:Sauravgupta7297|talk]]) 08:43, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Sauravgupta7297}} Is this about [[:File:1 feb 2021 edition cover.jpeg]]? A magazine cover is considered a [[WP:NFCI|non-free image]], meaning that we can only use a low-resolution version for identification purposes only, given that a Wikipedia article exists in the first place. This is known as [[fair use]], and you don't need to release copyright for that. However, since no article uses the image, it will be deleted. Also, when you upload a non-free image, do not tag it as public domain or any other license that it is not.
: On a separate note, are you affiliated in any way with The Opinion Express Group? If so, you have a [[WP:COI|conflict of interest]]; please read that page entirely and make [[WP:PAID|relevant declarations]] before making any more edits. You are also strongly discouraged from editing anything that you have a conflict of interest with; instead, make [[WP:EDITREQ|edit requests]] on the talk page. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 08:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::This has been answered at the [[WP:HD#process of providing the copyrights for my company page|help desk]]. [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 09:10, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{U|Sauravgupta7297}}: please don't ask the same question in more than one place. I have just given you a lengthy answer at the Help Desk, and I am irritated at coming here and finding you have posted the same question, and engaged other editors' time as well. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 09:26, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Taking over! ==

Someone made a wiki page for me. Thanks! How do I take complete control. My name is KOKUMO. Also, how do I capitalize my name all over the page? From the header to the body.

KOKUMO
The Queen Of Queer Soul
Founder & CEO Of Born Worthy Records [[User:MommaBaker60|MommaBaker60]] ([[User talk:MommaBaker60|talk]]) 09:38, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:Sorry MommaBaker60. Nobody controls their own page on Wikipedia. We have a style for content which does not include upper case names.[[User:Charlesdrakew|Charles]] ([[User talk:Charlesdrakew|talk]]) 09:45, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:Per [[Wikipedia:Conflict of interest]] you should not edit the article directly. But you are welcome to suggest changes based on [[WP:BLP]]-good [[WP:RS]] at the talkpage, [[Talk:Kokumo]]. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 10:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::There is more information at [[WP:EDITREQ]] for the process of making edit requests on the talk page. —[[User:Tenryuu|Tenryuu 🐲]] ( [[User talk:Tenryuu|💬]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tenryuu|📝]] ) 16:17, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

=== Hi! I want to take down the wiki made of me and start fresh! ===

Can you help me do this?

KOKUMO
The Queen Of Queer Soul
Founder & CEO Of Born Worthy Records [[User:KOKUMOTheQueenOfQueerSoul|KOKUMOTheQueenOfQueerSoul]] ([[User talk:KOKUMOTheQueenOfQueerSoul|talk]]) 11:32, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|KOKUMOTheQueenOfQueerSoul}} I've replied on your user talk page. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 11:37, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:''(NB. I've merged these two sections)''. {{u|KOKUMOTheQueenOfQueerSoul}}, {{u|MommaBaker60}} - is there a reason you're using two accounts for this? We're not keen on individuals using multiple accounts without good reason, ''especially'' when navigating something like a Conflict Of Interest. --[[:User:Paul Carpenter|Paul]] ❬[[:User talk:Paul Carpenter|talk]]❭ 11:55, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:That is very unlikely to happen. I suggest you take the time to read [[WP:BLP]] and [[WP:COI]] carefully, and then make suggestions and provide sources ([[WP:RS]]) at [[Talk:Kokumo]], which is the place to discuss changes to that article. If your suggestions are inline with WP:s policies and guidelines, they may be acted upon. You don't control the article (it's WP:s article about you, not your WP-article), but it's possible you can have influence. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 12:37, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::Based on what I can find in a Google search, I don't see any way to improve on the sourcing the present article has, and the present article's sourcing is barely adequate. Any attempt at an autobiography would likely go nowhere fast. —[[User:Jéské Couriano|A little blue Bori]] [[User talk:Jéské Couriano|v^_^v]] [[Special:Contributions/Jéské Couriano|Takes a strong man to deny...]] 16:53, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
{{FYI}} Deletion discussion at [[Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Kokumo]]. --[[:User:Paul Carpenter|Paul]] ❬[[:User talk:Paul Carpenter|talk]]❭ 15:47, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Page I created has disppeared ==

A few weeks ago I created a page (titled Ran Namerode) and understood it requires several months to be approved. I looked now to check how it's doing, and now I can't find it anywhere, can someone please help me find it? [[User:Wikinamerode|Wikinamerode]] ([[User talk:Wikinamerode|talk]]) 09:47, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Wikinamerode}} You have asked this at the Help Desk, please only use one method of seeking assistance, to avoid duplication of effort. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 10:11, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{u|Wikinamerode}}, welcome to the Teahouse! This means unfortunately that your page may have been deleted however it's not permanently deleted and can be restored. Search up the exact name of your article and see if you can edit it then look in the notification bar and see if you can find the user that deleted your article and ask them further questions. [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] 12:59, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{u|SoyokoAnis}} I checked and the page has never existed, deleted or otherwise, under the title given(as well as in the Draft space). Either it's under another title, or possibly on another language version of Wikipedia. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 13:05, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{u|331dot}}, ah okay. [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] 13:08, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{re|Wikinamerode}} Looks like you wrote something about yourself on Hebrew Wikipedia. [https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:Wikinamerode/%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93 see here]. [[User:Nick Moyes|Nick Moyes]] ([[User talk:Nick Moyes|talk]]) 13:20, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== I want to write an Article about the CEO of A company ==

Hi, 
I recently searched for The CEO of Maruti Suzuki India Limited, Kenichi Ayukawa, but could not find any information about him except [[Maruti Suzuki|here]].It is stated that he is here that he is the CEO but He did not have a Page dedicated to Him. Can I create one on him? It is written on the creating your first article that I should check for notability of Topic In the Teahouse. 
Regards,  [[User:Wikiedit01995|Wikiedit]] ([[User talk:Wikiedit01995|talk]]) 12:11, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Wikiedit01995}} Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. The CEO would not necessarily have a dedicated article(not just a "page") about him, unless there is significant coverage in independent [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] about him personally, and not just having to do with his job. If all the coverage about him is just related to his being the CEO, he probably would not merit a standalone article, as he would not meet the Wikipedia definition of [[WP:BIO|a notable person]]. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 12:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|331dot}} Thanks, Will keep these things in mind.
:Regards,
:[[User:Wikiedit01995|Wikiedit01995]]

:{{Ping|Wikiedit01995}}, to determine the gentleman's notability, which must be separate from the corporation's notability you need to find material about him written by others.
:He is a living person. For a living person we have a high standard of referencing. Every substantive fact you assert, especially one that is susceptible to potential challenge, requires a citation with a reference that is ''about them'', and is ''independent of them'', and ''is in [[WP:RS]]'', and is ''significant coverage''. Please also see [[WP:PRIMARY]] which details the limited permitted usage of primary sources and [[WP:SELFPUB]] which has clear limitations on self published sources. Providing sufficient references, ideally one per fact cited, that meet these tough criteria is likely to make this draft a clear acceptance (0.9 probability). Lack of them or an inability to find them is likely to mean that the person is not suitable for inclusion, certainly today.
:Your approach is a process.
:#find references
:#select the facts form those references that you wish to use (you will cite the facts with those references [[WP:CITE]] is your friend here
:#Create a storyboard from those facts
:#Using [[WP:AFC]] use the article wizard to start a new draft. It is not mandatory, but it guides you
:#Write very neutral, flat prose, citing the references for the facts
:#Double check your work and submit the draft when happy
:#While awaiting review, continue to enhance your work
:Note that an inability to find references means the draft is unlikely to be accepted (0.9 probability). We want new articles here, and we try hard to maintain high standards. Welcome to a consuming new hobby [[User:Timtrent|Fiddle]] [[User talk:Timtrent|Faddle]] 12:22, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Timtrent}} Thanks for your help.
:Regards,
:[[User:Wikiedit01995|Wikiedit]] ([[User talk:Wikiedit01995|talk]]) 13:06, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
** There is an article about the chairman of the company [[R. C. Bhargava]] which you could use as a template for any draft, {{u|Wikiedit01995}}. Although that article has been around since 2014, it still debatable whether it passes the [[WP:BIO]] notability threshold, in my opinion. However you will see the sort of article Wikipedia expects as a minimum. [[User:Michael D. Turnbull|Mike Turnbull]] ([[User talk:Michael D. Turnbull|talk]]) 12:57, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
**:{{u|Michael D. Turnbull}}, Were three of the references not dead links we could probably make a better determination. I am leaning towards Bhargava being a decent gentleman doing his job well rather than having notability. I am currently 50:50 about Bhargava. [[User:Timtrent|Fiddle]] [[User talk:Timtrent|Faddle]] 13:09, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::: I agree but didn't want to go off-topic. Personally I would be pretty certain that article would not survive an [[WP:AfD]] but I'm not familiar enough with all the [[WP:BLP]] policies to be sure. Go ahead with that if you wish, {{u|Timtrent}}. [[User:Michael D. Turnbull|Mike Turnbull]] ([[User talk:Michael D. Turnbull|talk]]) 13:29, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{u|Michael D. Turnbull}}, I don't think this is a true diversion of the thread. It will be useful for {{U|Wikiedit01995}} to see a discussion such as [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/R. C. Bhargava]] because it will show what is required of an article such as this whether it be deleted or kept by the consensus which will be formed at the end of the discussion. I will be interested to see the outcome [[User:Timtrent|Fiddle]] [[User talk:Timtrent|Faddle]] 17:13, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Red Links ==

How can I find red links which are pages that don't exist. I am wondering if there is a list of them somewhere or if I have to seek them out somewhere. Any help would be appreciated. [[User:Gandalf the Groovy|Gandalf the Groovy]] ([[User talk:Gandalf the Groovy|talk]]) 13:42, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

: If they don't exist you can't find them. You can search for non-existent articles and create them. [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] - [[User talk:SoyokoAnis|talk]] 13:46, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:You can find some existing articles which have red links at [[:Category:Wikipedia red link cleanup]]. These are articles which have been tagged with the template {{tl|Cleanup red links}}. There is also [[:Category:Wikipedia red link lists]] where you might find some more red links for various genre of articles. Finally, you could also check [[:Wikipedia:Requested articles]] since you're almost certain to find some red links there. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 14:03, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:''Yes'', there is a list! - it's not regularly updated and and it's frustratingly not divisible by namespace but it is at [[Special:WantedPages]]. --[[:User:Paul Carpenter|Paul]] ❬[[:User talk:Paul Carpenter|talk]]❭ 16:08, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Article not published ==

An article written by me, is still not published. It's been close to a month. How do I gather details about its publishing?

- Sneha [[User:Sneha.s.shenoy|Sneha.s.shenoy]] ([[User talk:Sneha.s.shenoy|talk]]) 13:48, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Sneha.s.shenoy}} Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. You created the draft, [[Draft:Umar Sharif]], but it lacks the information you need to formally submit it for a review. I will shortly add that information. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 13:50, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Be advised that once you submit it, it likely will take many weeks if not months to be reviewed, due to a backlog. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 13:52, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Really weird vandalism ==

I found a really weird instance of vandalism. First he called a user an idiot [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Wings_of_Fire_(novel_series)&diff=prev&oldid=1009865970&diffmode=source here], and then he replaced the page [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Wings_of_Fire_(novel_series)&diff=next&oldid=1009865970&diffmode=source here]. I reverted it, but do I put two user warnings, or just one? And if the former, which one? Help! [[User:MEisSCAMMER|MEisSCAMMER]][[User talk:MEisSCAMMER|(talk)]]Hello! 14:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Deleting content on the Talk page of an article is indeed vandalism, so you were right to revert it. The vandalizing editor is an IP address (not a registered account). I suppose you could watch the article and the talk page to see if the editor returns, but otherwise don't bother. IP editors often show up once - edit or vandalize - and then never return. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 15:32, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Article draft ==

I am looking to write a requested article and I am not sure how. Where do I go to write a draft? [[User:Gandalf the Groovy|Gandalf the Groovy]] ([[User talk:Gandalf the Groovy|talk]]) 14:44, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello {{u|Gandalf the Groovy}}, if you're looking for requested articles you can find them [[WP:RA|here]]. If you want to created a draft just create a page in the following format ''<nowiki>Draft:Insert name of article</nowiki>''. You can then submit it to [[WP:AFC]], or move it directly to the mainspace when you're done. For a clearer image you can refer to [[WP:YFA]] and [[WP:DRAFT]]. [[User:SenatorLEVI|'''Senator''']][[User talk:SenatorLEVI|'''LEVI''']] 14:52, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::Given that this appears to be your first effort to create an article, I strongly recommend going through AfC versus moving a draft directly to mainspace. And see [[WP:YFA]]. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 15:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Search history on Wikipedia app on iPhone ==

I am using the Wikipedia app to browse through Wikipedia. It really annoys me that it saves your search history. I know how to clear my search history in the app, but I would like to how to prevent the app from storing my search history so I don’t have to keep clearing it. Same goes with the article viewing history. I asked this at [[WP:VPT]] 4 days ago, but got no response. Thanks, [[User:Interstellarity|Interstellarity]] ([[User talk:Interstellarity|talk]]) 15:28, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Interstellarity}} Welcome to the Teahouse! You might find the right contact info at [[List of Wikipedia mobile applications]]. Good luck! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 03:12, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== I want to join the new page patrol. Any tips for joining? ==

Title. [[User:Colonizor48|Colonizor48]] ([[User talk:Colonizor48|talk]]) 16:05, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Colonizor48}}, This will only happen if you contribute in a nice manner for more than three months. Best ─ [[User:TheAafi|The Aafī]] [[User talk:TheAafi|(talk)]] 16:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Hi {{u|Colonizor48}}. There's a bit more to this than what The Aafī has posted above, and you can find out more details at [[:WP:NPP]]. You might also want to take a look at [[:WP:HATS]] as well since [[:WP:RIGHTS#Flags granted to users giving access to specialized functions|special user rights]] are usually only given to those that the [[:WP:COMMUNITY]] feels will not use them inappropriately or incorrectly. Some special rights do have minimum requirements, but most always require that the editors requesting the right have an established track record of making sound edits that shows they have a good understanding of relevant Wikipedia policies and guidelines. This doesn't mean that the editors can never make a mistake, but it does mean that the need to clearly demonstrate that they are [[:WP:HERE]] and are capable of learning from their mistakes. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 01:02, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== All About Reanne White ==

 [[User:Reanne White|Reanne White]] ([[User talk:Reanne White|talk]]) 16:54, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Reanne White}}, Do you any question, friend? ─ [[User:TheAafi|The Aafī]] [[User talk:TheAafi|(talk)]] 16:59, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== making additions/changes to my page ==

Dear Wiki Volunteers,
First, let me say how much I appreciate your hard work and how much I appreciate Wikipedia. That said, I was recently on a feedback board, asking for help with updating my page. I am a dinosaur and was completely confused by the directions I was given. I know it's possible to do, but it is not so clear, nor easy, to make the simplest changes. I, of course was not adding any weird, or libelous information, just updates about me and my career, and of course, since I didn't know how about the protocol of making changes, all my hard work was erased. I don't mind, but I wish I knew how to add info properly. I know I am supposed to go to the "Talk" page, and add sourced backup to any additions, but I have no idea on how and where to do that, specifically. I suppose there's no step-by-step example of how to do this? That would be super helpful!
Any way I could talk to someone about it? I certainly have source press, etc. to back up my additions/changes.
Best, Michael Holman (filmmaker) [[Special:Contributions/2603:7000:4001:E49A:3425:B428:E7E9:83F5|2603:7000:4001:E49A:3425:B428:E7E9:83F5]] ([[User talk:2603:7000:4001:E49A:3425:B428:E7E9:83F5|talk]]) 17:10, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Generally, editing your own article is discouraged. What you do instead is use edit requests. Go to [[Talk:Michael Holman (filmmaker)]]. Click "new section". Type the name of the section you want, like "requested edits to a page about me", then at the top of the section include {{tlx|Request edit}}, which will include the template. Then, write your request under it, as well as the references supporting whatever changes you'd like to be made. The clearer you are with your request, the faster it will be implemented.
:
:Also, it's not necessary but I'd suggest registering an account. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 17:46, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Draft:Tony Jazz ==

Hello

Could you please help by reviewing this [[Draft:Tony Jazz|draft]]?

Thanks
--[[User:Art&football|Art&football]] ([[User talk:Art&football|talk]]) 17:35, 4 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Art&football|Art&football]] ([[User talk:Art&football|talk]]) 17:35, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Please be patient. There are more than 4000 other drafts also waiting for review. [[User:RudolfRed|RudolfRed]] ([[User talk:RudolfRed|talk]]) 18:01, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Your question has already been answered above. I would add, however, that you will need to continue to improve and clarify the article for it to stand a chance of being accepted. For example, the first line says he's a "songwriter, musician and writer", but under the heading of "career" it says he's "president of the Economic and Social Development Counci" with no mention of music except at the age of seven.--[[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]]|[[User talk:Shantavira|feed me]] 19:13, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Xtools ==

Under the xtools section it has information if our small edits and large edits but only the last 5K edits is there I way ai could find out life time [[User:Fanoflionking|Fan Of Lion King 🦁]] ([[User talk:Fanoflionking|talk]]) 17:46, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: If I understand you question correctly, you can navigate to any user's page, click on the menu item to the left ("User contributions") and then, at the very bottom of the page that appears, click on "Edit count" and you should see a full breakdown for that user. Your personal one is {{cite web |url=https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/Fanoflionking |title=at this URL}} [[User:Michael D. Turnbull|Mike Turnbull]] ([[User talk:Michael D. Turnbull|talk]]) 18:08, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
Yeah done that and it says ‘’Data limited to the past 5,000 edits‘’ I wanted to know my lifetime total not just my last 5 thousand edits [[User:Fanoflionking|Fan Of Lion King 🦁]] ([[User talk:Fanoflionking|talk]]) 18:13, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Fanoflionking}} this is not possible with xtools afaik, would take too long to process. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 18:23, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Businessman Category Requirements ==

Where is a list of notability requirements for people categorized under the businessman category? Is recognition by the United Nations / The White House sourced in a major publication enough to qualify notability? [[User:Dannyocean99|Dannyocean99]] ([[User talk:Dannyocean99|talk]]) 18:11, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:There isn't a businessperson-specific subheader under [[WP:NPEOPLE]] as far as I am aware. —[[User:Jéské Couriano|A little blue Bori]] [[User talk:Jéské Couriano|v^_^v]] [[Special:Contributions/Jéské Couriano|Takes a strong man to deny...]] 18:13, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::Hello, {{u|Dannyocean99}}. I think the guidance that you are looking for is at [[WP:DEFINING]], which says: "For example, a film actor who holds a law degree should be categorized as a film actor, but not as a lawyer unless his or her legal career was notable in its own right or relevant to his acting career."

::Similarly, it is very common for highly paid professional athletes to invest in businesses. If the vast majority of coverage of the person is focused on their sports accomplishments and occasionally, somebody mentions "And person Y also owns a business," then that athlete should be added to sports categories but not business categories. [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 18:31, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== What should I do? ==

It appears that an edit war has been started on the page [[Daihatsu Rocky]]. User TheAafi is removing the images on that page, saying that "this is a set-index article, images should be used on particular related articles, not convenient here, MOS:DABIMG backs my argument." However, the same article also backs my argument that if a reader was looking for the F70 Rocky but didn't know the model codes or years produced, an image might help them differentiate between the F300 and A200 series Rocky. How should I go about resolving this conflict. Thanks! [[User:Sagquattro2009|Sagquattro2009]] ([[User talk:Sagquattro2009|talk]]) 19:12, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Sagquattro2009}} Set index articles don't disallow images - they're not disambiguation pages, they're lists. [[MOS:DABIMG]] doesn't apply because the page is not a disambiguation page. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 19:25, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:: sorry. It was my bad. I've closed the unnecessary edit-war related discussion. Not an edit war really. ─ [[User:AafiOnMobile|The Aafī on Mobile]] [[User talk:AafiOnMobile|(talk)]] 19:51, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Hatnote Help ==

What action do I need to take at this point for acceptance? This is the comment I received on my draft. I am confused. Should I move forward with creating a hatnote on the primary page? Thank you.

Comment: The title of this draft has been disambiguated.
If this draft is accepted, a hatnote will need to be added to the primary page to refer to this page.
The primary page is Post-industrial society.
[[User:Dawnpalmyra|Dawnpalmyra]] ([[User talk:Dawnpalmyra|talk]]) 19:19, 4 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Dawnpalmyra|Dawnpalmyra]] ([[User talk:Dawnpalmyra|talk]]) 19:19, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Dawnpalmyra}} once the draft is published as an article, then a hatnote should be added. You don't need to and shouldn't add any hatnote while your article remains a draft. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 19:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Research ==

Cullen,
I am reaching out to you at Wikipedia Teahouse for both advice and help,
I have always loved vintage fashion, automobiles and music because they represent the classics in their own way, and always find a way to come back. I have always been interested in how the stock Market had an impact on color, automobile’s fashions and music and believe that the stock market with its rise and fall had it ‘s impact in these areas but have not been able to prove my theory. I also want to use any articles I might find on Wikipedia and give credit to their contributing editors.

Thank you for any help or advice you can give me.
Fashions, Automobile, Music — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Fashions,Automobiles,Music|Fashions,Automobiles,Music]] ([[User talk:Fashions,Automobiles,Music#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Fashions,Automobiles,Music|contribs]]) 19:50, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Welcome to Wikipedia. Messages for a specific user should go to that user's talk page. In this case, probably [[User_talk:Cullen328]] [[User:RudolfRed|RudolfRed]] ([[User talk:RudolfRed|talk]]) 19:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Request for help in revising one edit I made in [[Investigative Reporters and Editors]] ==

Hi. I made one edit in [[Investigative Reporters and Editors]], adding the History of the organization, at least its beginnings, which was told in one book I reference in the article. I'd like to ask the members of the Teahouse if they could review my contribution, since I'm not a native English speaker, so I might have made some grammatical errors or repeated some words a bit too much. Thanks! '''[[User:Tetizeraz]]'''. Send me a [[User talk:Tetizeraz|✉️]] ! 20:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC) '''[[User:Tetizeraz]]'''. Send me a [[User talk:Tetizeraz|✉️]] ! 20:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Tetizeraz}} {{done}}! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 03:31, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== How to remove COI/[[Charles DeLisi]] ==

Hi, there is this article [[Charles DeLisi]]. What possible steps must one take so they can remove this tag forever without it having to appear again. Please assist in this case. Thank you. ([[User:Precariousman123|Precariousman123]] ([[User talk:Precariousman123|talk]]) 20:44, 4 March 2021 (UTC))
: Welcome to the Teahouse, {{u|Precariousman123}}! Please see [[WP:COI]] for information. [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] - [[User talk:SoyokoAnis|talk]] 21:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Hi {{u|Precariousman123}}. Generally, any editor can remove a maintenance template from which has been added to an article as explained in [[:Help:Maintenance template removal]] as long as they feel they have addressed the reasons why the template was added in the first place. If someone else disagrees and re-adds the template, then things can be discussed on the article's talk page. For templates added for [[:WP:COI]] or [[:WP:PAID]] reasons, however, it's probably not a good idea for the editor who is considered to have the COI or PAID relationship to the subject of the article to remove such templates [[:WP:HERE|no matter how good their intentions are]]. It would probably be best for you to either start a discussion about this on the article's talk per [[:WP:ER]], or maybe at a noticeboard like [[:WP:COIN]] or [[:WP:NPOVN]] to see what other unconnected editors might think. This might seem a bit unfair perhaps, but it probably best to be [[:WP:CAUTIOUS]] in a case like this. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 00:51, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
::Indeed I would note that the page linked above says that "Any user without a [[Wikipedia:Conflict of interest|conflict of interest]] may remove a maintenance template in any of the following circumstances:..."--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 01:00, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== 2 questions ==

#When was a page office protected before?
#Does uploading a logo of your company on WP count as COI? '''🔥[[User:LightningComplexFire|Lightning]][[User talk:LightningComplexFire|Complex]][[Special:Contribs/LightningComplexFire|Fire]]🔥''' 20:54, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
#:{{u|LightningComplexFire}} to answer your second question, you should upload it to Wikimedia Commons. If you own the logo you should be able to release it under a free license - making this clear on say, your company website, will prevent the logo from being deleted. Provided your company has an article, uploading the logo is acceptable. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 21:11, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:: {{re|LightningComplexFire}} goto [[Special:Log]] and select Protection Log from the drop down and put in the page you are interested in and it will show you when/if it has ever been protected. [[User:RudolfRed|RudolfRed]] ([[User talk:RudolfRed|talk]]) 21:17, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:::{{U|Elli}}, that is not helpful advice. {{U|LightningComplexFire}}, Elli's advice is only correct in the (very unusual) situation that the company is willing to license the logo in such a way that anybody may reuse or alter it for any purpose, commercial or not (or the slightly less unusual case that the logo is simple enough that it does not meet the threshold for being copyrightable). For most logos, you do not upload them to Commons, but to Wikipedia itself, making sure that the use meets ''all'' the [[WP:non-free content criteria|non-free content criteria]]: more detail is given in [[WP:Logos|Logos]]. (Note that the criteria require that the media be added to at least one article, and that it be essential to that article, so in practice, this can be uploaded ''only'' to be added to a published article about the company, and not for any other purpose.
:::Uploading the logo and adding it to the article about the company is technically COI editing: in my view it is acceptable, but I don't know that everybody would agree. An alternative approach is to make an [[WP:edit request|edit request]] on the article's talk page, giving a URL for the logo, and asking somebody to upload as non-free and add it to the article. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 21:43, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{u|ColinFine}} if it's ''your company'', then you can license the logo however you want, because you own it. I'd advise them to release it under a free license.
::::
::::It's like if a person comes here and asks "can I add a picture of myself to an article about me?" Yes, release it under a free license. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::Most people would never want to release their business' logo under a free license. (Many big companies spend huge sums of money on essentially the opposite; zealously protecting their intellectual property from use by others, their logos, trademarks, etc.) On the other hand, by the very nature of what fair use is, a person who owns copyrighted content ''cannot claim fair use''—only a third party can. There is a catch-22 there, of course.--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 01:13, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
::::::Trademarks != copyrights. And besides, most photographers wouldn't release their pictures under a free license - but that's what we encourage them to do here, if they'd like to share their images. I don't see the issue with applying the same standard to others. If you'd like your images included, release them under an appropriate license. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 02:19, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::::[[User:Elli|Elli]], after mentioning intellectual property, I said "logos, trademarks, etc."; do you see the comma? Anyway, the equivalence you're drawing between photos and a business logo is utterly inapt. It's like saying "people give blood all the time; can we have your liver?"--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 03:11, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
::::::::{{re|Fuhghettaboutit}} yes, I did - my argument is that the copyright status doesn't, or ''shouldn't'', matter to them. Many companies pick logos in the public domain already - like [[:File:Google 2015 logo.svg|Google]] - and there is no issue there, they can still go after trademark infringements. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 03:15, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::::::Google didn't choose to put their logo in the public domain; the logo they chose was too unoriginal for copyright protection. That doesn't imply if they had a logo that met the threshold of originality they wouldn't spend a billion dollars protecting it. But the real point is that you're actually, empirically wrong about how the vast majority of those who have copyright protected logos feel about protecting them, and how that interfaces with your advice. Yes, some small portion of people are willing to release their original logo. The vast majority would say are you f*ing kidding?--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]])

== Help with questions on Steph Korey article ==

Hi, I'm the subject of the [[Steph Korey]] article and have declared that connection. I was having a [[Talk:Steph_Korey#Follow-up_edit_request|productive conversation]] with {{ping|Seagull123}} about the content of the article but they seem to be on an extended break from editing. I would really appreciate it if someone had a few minutes to pick up the conversation with me where Seagull123 left off. [[User:Stephkg|Stephkg]] ([[User talk:Stephkg|talk]]) 21:46, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Hi {{u|Stephkg}}. It appears some other editors besides Seagull123 are trying to help you on the article's talk page. All I can suggest is that you continue to follow [[:WP:PSCOI#Steps for engagement]] when seeking assistance and try and remember that (1) all editors are [[:WP:VOLUNTEER]]s who (2) sometimes get [[:WP:BUSY]] and (3) there are really [[:WP:NODEADLINES]] for the most part when it comes to Wikipedia. While it's understandable that your primary focusing might be on the article written about you, others may and most likely will do so at their own pace. So, absent [[:WP:BLPSELF|some really bad or otherwise major policy violating type of content requiring an immediate response]], you might have to just wait for someone to come along. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 00:40, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== Uploading documents to prove/support an allegatio ==

I please would like to correct some glaring errors in the Wikipedia article about myself - this includes statements that incorrectly portray my beliefs or cause the public to have a mistake notion about myself. In addition, this page has not been updated in ages, and I have written several new books since it was written, released two music albums, and received additional awards and international attention.

[[Laurence_Galian|Laurence Galian]]

My specific question: I have many physical documents, such as an Award from the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (and letters written to support my claims and assertions). But I do not know how to upload such an item, even I don't know where I would ''send'' such an item. But the physical document is part of the evidence that I received this award. Does Wikipedia accept PDFs, JPGs, and so forth? And if so, how would I make them available to those who review such things for inclusion on my page - do I put it onto Google Docs - and if so to whom do I give permission to view such a document?

Thanks.
Laurence Galian

[[Special:Contributions/2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391|2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391]] ([[User talk:2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391|talk]]) 23:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC) [[Special:Contributions/2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391|2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391]] ([[User talk:2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391|talk]]) 23:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. Wikipedia summarizes what independent [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] state about article subjects. If the sources in the article about you are incorrect, please make a formal [[WP:ER|edit request]](click for instructions) on the article talk page, [[Talk:Laurence Galian]], offering independent reliable sources to support your proposed changes. That doesn't include [[WP:PRIMARY|primary sources]]. Wikipedia does not store source documents, preferably sources that report on those documents are desired. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 23:28, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Template main article ==

I use to put See main article [[xyz]] but I see there is a new template {{main|xyz}} . My question is “ Is this the preferred way now and thus should I go through all my articles and start replacing with this format? [[User:GRALISTAIR|GRALISTAIR]] ([[User talk:GRALISTAIR|talk]]) 00:16, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|GRALISTAIR}} If you're going to put a [[WP:HATNOTE|hatnote]], then yes, please use the hatnote template. If not, what context are you referring to? [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 00:34, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

Well I did an article Draft:Midland Main Line railway upgrade and in the history an editor did an edit that replaced See main article [[Midland Main Line]] with the format {{main|Midland Main Line}} so that was the context and hence why I asked the question [[User:GRALISTAIR|GRALISTAIR]] ([[User talk:GRALISTAIR|talk]]) 00:48, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{U|Ganbaruby}}. Templates are just a convenience. If you've written it out the same way, I see no purpose served in replacing with a template, only seen in edit mode (we have had a gazillion discussions, for example, about the fact that bots who just make these types of changes, cluttering up watchlists in the process, have such little utility for the bother they cause...) As to the slightly different format you've used, it serves fine; I suppose "See" is fairly tacit, but if it's at all burdensome, don't bother. I doubt there's was any grand consensus on the exact way it should look; no involved finding that it's massively superior to some trivially different format. (By the way, the template's been around since 2004.) Best regards--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 00:50, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{ping|Fuhghettaboutit}} They's referring to this diff: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft%3AMidland_Main_Line_railway_upgrade&type=revision&diff=1009502393&oldid=1009498172]. Though I'm not well versed in hatnote discussions and this is not the place to discuss the template's pros and cons, I've always used hatnote templates because of how it indents + italicizes for you. {{u|GRALISTAIR}}, I'd still encourage you to use the template, even if for consistiency's sake. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 01:09, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Ganbaruby}} You refer to [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Midland_Main_Line_railway_upgrade&diff=1009502393&oldid=1009498172]. Context is often important. There is a big difference between the start of an article and the start of a section. "See main article [[xyz]]" is not suitable for the opening line. {{tlx|main|[[xyz]]}} with its indentation and italics is better but we actually don't generally use any form of such "main" links in the opening line, only in sections (where {{tlx|main}} is also preferred). "main" links are supposed to go to articles with more detailed coverage of the subject of a section, not broader articles. [[Template:Main]] says: "This template should also not be used in lead sections." Some areas of Wikipedia do have their own practices, e.g. tennis draw articles like [[2021 Australian Open – Men's Singles]] where {{tl|main}} is used in an "invalid" way while [[2021 Australian Open#Men's Singles]] is the valid way. There are thousands of such tennis articles and it may some day give a big conflict. Don't do it unless it's an established practice in the subject area. You should instead look for a way to link the broader article in the opening sentence or paragraph. Your example already does that so the "main" link can just be removed. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 01:22, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
::::Those aren't the only type of articles that do this, see [[2020 United States presidential election in Arizona]] (any year and any state). [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 02:29, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== Artist Notability ==

Hello. I'm trying to understand the rationale of why [[Draft:Brad_Walls]] is constantly being rejected based on notability. I have multiple biopic sources (Washpost, CNN, huffpost etc) that make a substantial argument for notability. Please share any insight. Regards. [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 01:42, 5 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 01:42, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
: Welcome to the Teahouse, {{u|Bradwalls1992}}! From your username, it appears you are creating an article about yourself the reason may be because of [[WP:COI]]. Please re-review the comments to insure the article passes. [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] - [[User talk:SoyokoAnis|talk]] 02:52, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Thanks [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]]. I did declare [[WP:COI]] before the most recent 2 submissions and still not passing. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bradwalls1992|contribs]]) 03:05, 5 March 2021 (UTC) 
:::{{u|Bradwalls1992}} I think COI editors are generally held to a higher standard than non-COI editors in what is considered acceptable. Do you have any reliable sources giving significant biographical coverage of ''you'', instead of just a project that you've done? [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 03:24, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::: Thanks [[User:Elli|Elli]]. Artists press is centered around released work and additionally will dive into biographical details of that artist, and that is the content within the sources listed on the draft. It is confusing as I cover the 4 main points in WP:ARTIST to be notable, and I am not really getting a good enough answer. It seems there is some bias with the editors? Thanks [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 03:34, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::{{u|Bradwalls1992}} yeah, I feel like you probably ''are'' notable (lucky you!) I'm somewhat busy the next few days but I might see if I can publish your article.
:::::
:::::BTW, would you consider uploading a picture of yourself - and perhaps an example of your work - under a compatible free license to Wikimedia Commons? [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 03:41, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::: Thanks [[User:Elli|Elli]], I appreciate that - it's been painful. I did upload an image of myself, but it was removed by one of the editors, should I re-upload? [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 03:47, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::: Additionally, [[User:Elli|Elli]] - should I re-submit the article? Thanks [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 04:02, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::::{{u|Bradwalls1992}} as for uploading the image, yes, just make sure you agree to release it under an appropriate license. And yeah, CoI editors are viewed very negatively around here - which is understandable, as ''most'' of them are non-notable and write unfairly about themselves, but that doesn't mean that ''all'' of them are bad - [[WP:AGF]] should still apply.
:::::::
:::::::As for resubmitting, I'd hold off on that - I'll look at it personally soon, submitting isn't necessary for that.
:::::::
:::::::(also, please keep in mind that once your article is published, it's recommended to request any possibly controversial edits with the {{t|request edit}} template on the article talk page, so it'll be a bit more frustrating to edit it in that case. So if you have more stuff that's received coverage you'd like to add/change, I'd recommend doing that sooner rather than later) [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 04:05, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::::: I'll keep that in mind [[User:Elli|Elli]] re. {{t|request edit}}, but nothing to change currently. Image is uploaded now under free license to Wikipedia Commons. Thanks [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 04:32, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::::::{{u|Bradwalls1992}} great, thank you! [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 04:33, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== How to become a Patrol Editor? ==

 [[User:AdamBunyi2007|AdamBunyi2007]] ([[User talk:AdamBunyi2007|talk]]) 03:03, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|AdamBunyi2007}} there are multiple permissions you might be talking about. [[WP:NPP|New page patroller]] allows you to review new pages, while [[WP:Autopatrolled|autopatrolled]] automatically marks pages you create as patrolled, and [[Wikipedia:Reviewing pending changes|pending changes reviewer]] allows you to review other users' edits to certain pages with pending-changes protection. Any of these rights can be requested at [[WP:PERM]]. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 03:20, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== Follow-up to [[Wikipedia:Teahouse/Questions/Archive 1095#Do_Wikipedia's_policies_demand_supporting_reliable_sources,_even_if_editors_know_reliable_sources_all_are_in_error?|Do Wikipedia's policies demand supporting reliable sources, even if editors know reliable sources all are in error?]] ==

The last thing I said in a thread now archived pointed out that in an environment where publishing is constrained by political censorship, nothing can be published regarding that circumstance in spite is its existence. I am surprised this does not seem to be of concern. I wonder why that is.

On Wikipedia, this phenomenon strikes me as willful ignorance or cowardice. Wikipedia relies on published sources for everything, so a degradation of the publishing world undermines the value of Wikipedia. The logical extreme would be Wikipedia would contain nothing of value if nothing of value is published.Wikoipedia's health is tied to the health of publishing. That would make political censorship something to really hate if Wikipedia is important[[User:Danallenhtn|Danallenhtn]] ([[User talk:Danallenhtn|talk]]) 03:09, 5 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Danallenhtn|Danallenhtn]] ([[User talk:Danallenhtn|talk]]) 03:09, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Danallenhtn}} what would you prefer we do? How do we know anything that we don't directly observe?
:
:Ideally we would just ''know'' what's true, but we don't, so we use reliable sources to determine what is true or not. Otherwise, the site would be filled with constant warring as people disagree over every possible fact. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 03:22, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== Consistent Error in the entries on individual Psalms ==

I've noticed that many of the pages for individual Psalms from the Book of Psalms has an error in comparing the numbering systems between the Hebrew and Greek texts. Is there a way to do a global fix or do I have to change each one? Here is the text that appears with each psalm beginning with Psalm 9. The wording is consistent but the numbering changes. This example is from the entry Psalm 53, which I have corrected on the WP page.

This article uses Hebrew (Masoretic) psalm numbering. Psalm 52 in Greek (Septuagint or Vulgate) numbering corresponds to Psalm 53 in Hebrew numbering.

This is my first post in the Teahouse!!
[[User:BCPMyles|BCPMyles]] ([[User talk:BCPMyles|talk]]) 03:45, 5 March 2021 (UTC)BCPMyles [[User:BCPMyles|BCPMyles]] ([[User talk:BCPMyles|talk]]) 03:45, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:There is no "error" with the numbers used in the {{tl|Psalm nr}} template on these pages. But the phrasing of that template might be somewhat clearer. Take to [[Template talk:Psalm nr]]. --[[User:Francis Schonken|Francis Schonken]] ([[User talk:Francis Schonken|talk]]) 05:25, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
Thank you for clarifying this. I went to [[Template talk:Psalm nr]] and did not see the template in question. I'm brand new to this so any specific direction you can give would be appreciated. [[User:BCPMyles|BCPMyles]] ([[User talk:BCPMyles|talk]]) 05:48, 5 March 2021 (UTC)BCPMyles

=== Another editor reverting changes back to incorrect data ===

I got a message from another editor that my corrections to the incorrect numbering between Greek and Hebrew psalms were creating some problem. He has reverted the changes back. It has to do with some links that are embedded. I will stop making changes and hope for some guidance because the numbering is incorrect, it doesn't even match the numbering that is used in the text of the articles. Here is the note I received:
Francis Schonken 05:16, 5 March 2021 diff hist 0‎ Psalm 63 ‎ Undid revision 1010376059 by BCPMyles (talk) no, creates a blacklink, instead of a link to the article on the psalm with this number in the other numbering system. current

[[User:BCPMyles|BCPMyles]] ([[User talk:BCPMyles|talk]]) 05:22, 5 March 2021 (UTC)BCPMyles [[User:BCPMyles|BCPMyles]] ([[User talk:BCPMyles|talk]]) 05:22, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
==Help with title change on draft==
I’m looking to change the title of [[Draft:Norman R. Smith (educationist)]], which I’ve submitted to AFC. Someone previously submitted a badly sourced page on Norman, and I’ve (independently, not working with whoever uploaded the last thing) drafted a new potential entry for the long time college president. But I’m concerned the title of the draft is weird, as he is a university president, not an “educationist” by nature - which doesn’t reflect the thing he is notable for. Can someone please help? (I am reviewing a stipend for this work). [[Special:Contributions/2605:8D80:502:9A8:4C53:4B9D:C323:4C76|2605:8D80:502:9A8:4C53:4B9D:C323:4C76]] ([[User talk:2605:8D80:502:9A8:4C53:4B9D:C323:4C76|talk]]) 05:44, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

User talk:BCPMyles

2021-03-05T05:30:14Z

BCPMyles: /* Psalm boilerplate notes */

== BCPMyles, you are invited to the Teahouse! ==

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== Psalm boilerplate notes ==

Please stop your changes to Psalm articles' boilerplate notes, they are counterproductive. --[[User:Francis Schonken|Francis Schonken]] ([[User talk:Francis Schonken|talk]]) 05:05, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you for stopping me. I now understand why the text reads as it does. I apologize for creating an inconvenience. Perhaps the boilerplate note could be tweaked a bit to indicate that 'if one is looking for the Vulgate or Septuagint' psalm then they would go to the link provided. Again, my apologies.
[[User:BCPMyles|BCPMyles]] ([[User talk:BCPMyles#top|talk]]) 05:30, 5 March 2021 (UTC)BCPMyles

Wikipedia:Teahouse

2021-03-05T05:22:49Z

BCPMyles: /* Another editor reverting changes back to incorrect data */ new section

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== Articles of living person without their photo ==

Why so many articles of biographies of persons are existing without their photos ? [[Special:Contributions/223.178.144.61|223.178.144.61]] ([[User talk:223.178.144.61|talk]]) 18:06, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
Possibly because they have the right to refuse to have their picture taken, for privacy reasons. [[User:AidTheWiki|AidTheWiki]] ([[User talk:AidTheWiki|talk]]) 22:25, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:Because no-one has found and added a suitable photo. The problem is often that there's no available copyright-free photo. [[User:Maproom|Maproom]] ([[User talk:Maproom|talk]]) 18:14, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
::Wikipedia has a strict [[Wikipedia:use policy|image use policy]], and images need to be freely licenced. [[User:Joseph2302|Joseph]][[User talk:Joseph2302|2302]] ([[User talk:Joseph2302|talk)]] 18:17, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
:('''e/c''') Hi person editing from 223.178.144.61. For them to be used in Wikipedia articles, images must be:
:# in the [[public domain]]; or
:# released under a [[WP:COMPLIC|suitably free and compatible copyright license]]; or
:# used under [[fair use]], but only if they meet all ten of the [[Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria|non-free content criteria]].
:Very few images will meet these requirements. In particular, with some limited exceptions, images of living persons can't meet the fair use criterion of "no free equivalent", because the possibility always exists, while they are alive, that someone can snap a photo somewhere and release it. Please note also that unlike many websites, where someone can license a non-free copyrighted image for use at that site, we don't allow this. For these reasons, many biography articles do not have any image, and many others have a non-professional quality image because the only one we can use was one taken at some random location by an amateur (rather than, e.g., a professional headshot) who then released the copyright of the image under a suitable license. And even this last is restricted – see [[Commons:Commons:Photographs of identifiable people|Commons:Photographs of identifiable people]]. Best regards--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 18:21, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
::Also, for living people, the third criteria mentioned above (fair use) cannot generally be used. Which is why many living people don't have photos. [[User:Joseph2302|Joseph]][[User talk:Joseph2302|2302]] ([[User talk:Joseph2302|talk)]] 18:36, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

But it is wired and feels like incomplete. when a naive reader like do not see photo of the person related to that article.Many folks paste photos on WP from here and there under fair use policy.But still I don't know how to use this fair use policy and pick photo from somewhere and paste it on WP. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/223.178.144.61|223.178.144.61]] ([[User talk:223.178.144.61#top|talk]]) 10:12, 28 February 2021 (UTC) 

:The fair use policy accords with the Wikimedia Foundation's interpretation of US copyright ''law''. Please either (A) make sure that you understand this policy (which is necessarily complex) or (B) don't upload photographs or other images for which you claim "fair use". -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 11:58, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
[[User:Hoary|Hoary]] No , sir I still not able to understand what is this fair use policy. I will not dare to upload any copyright work here. [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 16:16, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== How to write successor , previous office holder name in Infobox ? ==

Hello friends , while editing a article about former office holder [[Eknath Khadse]] , politician.I am not able to add his previous office holder's name
, Chief minister's name in which cabinet he was minister.Also not able to add governor name.I tried to add by visual and non visual way , but I couldn't.I think Infobox office holder don't have these options.that man was three times minister.Can someone fix this issue. [[Special:Contributions/223.178.144.61|223.178.144.61]] ([[User talk:223.178.144.61|talk]]) 10:49, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
:In {{tl|Infobox officeholder}}, you can populate the existing {{para|predecessor1}} and {{para|predecessor2}}, and add {{para|predecessor3}} and {{para|predecessor4}}. If you would like further help, I suggest you post in the article's talk page: [[Talk:Eknath Khadse]]. Please provide a published [[WP:RS|reliable source]] for the information you would like added to the article as well. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 14:14, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
::[[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]]Hi , I tried what you said but issue still not resolving. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/223.178.144.61|223.178.144.61]] ([[User talk:223.178.144.61#top|talk]]) 15:17, 28 February 2021 (UTC) 
:::{{fixed}} I changed {{para|Predecessor4}} to {{para|predecessor4}}. {{please}} [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 21:37, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
[[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]]Hi , I got it ![[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 16:28, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Frustrated ==

Many, many times I have tried to improve an article someone deletes my hard work. I quit Wikipedia years ago for the very same thing, but figured I'd give it another chance, but it's happening again. I'm about to quit forever! [[Special:Contributions/174.250.246.103|174.250.246.103]] ([[User talk:174.250.246.103|talk]]) 13:16, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

:Since the IP you're currently using has 2 edits in total, it's hard to give any advice without more what/when/where. [[WP:COMMUNICATION]] may be of help to you. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 13:29, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

Hello IP user, could you maybe link what article you're triyng to improve so we could know if the person who deleted your work was right or wrong? I would reccommend you to ask the person who deletes your work why they did that on their user talk page. I also reccommend you to [[Special:UserLogin|make an account]] so you can keep track of your contributions since the list resets when you move locations as an IP, that would also help people know what you're talking about. [[User:Max20characters|Max20characters]] ([[User talk:Max20characters|talk]]) 18:49, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Looking for some help of native-language speakers interested in 1960s/70ies rock ==

Hello, I am new on wikipedia and wrote an article about the protometal band Poobah from Ohio (rock fans might be familiar with the name). I translated the article into english, but I am not a native speaker. I got a cleanup template message on the article and need some help to get it fixed. People with some knowledge of counterculture, psychedelic rock and similar things would be very welcome. The article is here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poobah_(band)
[[User:GegenkulturForschung|GegenkulturForschung]] ([[User talk:GegenkulturForschung|talk]]) 13:55, 28 February 2021 (UTC) [[User:GegenkulturForschung|GegenkulturForschung]] ([[User talk:GegenkulturForschung|talk]]) 13:55, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|GegenkulturForschung}} Welcome to the Teahouse! If you have any [[WP:COI|conflict of interest]] with this band, you must disclose it on [[User:GegenkulturForschung|your user page]] (preferably with {{tl|UserboxCOI}}). I suggest you read [[WP:BAND]] and determine whether Poobah meets Wikipedia's notability requirements for inclusion. Next, gather all of your published [[WP:IS|independent]] and [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] about the band. Then, summarize in your own words what the sources say, and remove all the sentences that are not supported by a source. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 14:52, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

Hello GoingBatty,
I did a lot of research, but I am not sure where to find any source that will be considered to be independent and reliable about any older rock band that is not as popular as the beatles. To be correct; the band I write about is certainly not a common mainstream band, but most of the bands before the Disco invasion weren't. Although lesser known , it is not any obscure amateur band. The band ist still active after 48 years (and the founder played in two bands before that, having produced at least two records), has published 14 albums and is working on the next, and some of their songs have been used in televison serials and hollywood movies lately. I have a large collection of literature, (which wasn't helpful in that case) and I have found the band cited as "Most collectible psyche band" or "Top ten of.." in magacines like The Rolling Stone and metioned as important protometal pioneers all over the internet. Still, I need someone who can point me out a source that I can link here. So I hoped to find someone with mutual interests here in the tea room." [[User:GegenkulturForschung|GegenkulturForschung]] ([[User talk:GegenkulturForschung|talk]]) 19:36, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

: I can't claim I've heard of this band before, but if you have literature, even if it's not online, you can still cite it. Rolling Stone should be just fine. --[[User:Anon423|Anon423]] ([[User talk:Anon423|talk]]) 00:07, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Article is semi-protected so I can not edit ==

I am a student working on a class that requires us to edit an article. I chose the article "Feral cat" and I wanted to add an update from the AVMA with citations as well as 3 references for this week's assignment. I will also need to do further edits on the article as the course progresses but it said that the page is semi-protected. Will I be able to work on this article or should I pick another article to work on? [[User:Jmm26|Jmm26]] ([[User talk:Jmm26|talk]]) 15:12, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Jmm26}} Welcome to the Teahouse! If you click on the [[WP:SEMI|gray lock icon]] at the top right of the article, you'll see that a user can edit the article if they are [[WP:AUTOCONFIRM|autoconfirmed]] (accounts that are at least four days old and have made at least ten edits to Wikipedia). You meet both these criteria, and I confirmed your status at [[Special:UserRights]]. At the top of the [[Feral cat]] article, you should see "Edit" and/or "Edit source" tabs. If you only see "View source", then you cannot edit the article. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 15:22, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
::If for some reason you wish to edit an article that you cannot edit, you may make a formal [[WP:ER|edit request]] on the article talk page, and write the change you wish to make there, for another editor to review. But as GB says, you should be able to edit that article. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 15:26, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
::::[[User talk:Jmm26|talk]] Hi first time I am seeing this that a people editing on Wikipedia as their class work. I don't think your response genuine. But before editing do research and write in you own words in simple UK English , don't use slang , local Eng words of your place. Because WP is read by folks all around the world. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:223.178.144.61|223.178.144.61]] ([[User talk:223.178.144.61#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/223.178.144.61|contribs]]) 15:41, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
:::::It is not at all unusual for students to get an assignment to work on a Wikipedia article. Secondly, the variety of English depends on the article – articles about UK-specific subjects should be written in British English, articles about US-specific subjects use American English, and so on. Articles that are not about a topic that is connected to a particular region should in general stick to the variety the first author used. More information [[WP:ENGVAR|here]]. --''[[User:Bonadea|bonadea]]'' [[Special:Contributions/Bonadea|contributions]] [[User talk:Bonadea|talk]] 16:15, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
{{od|5}} Hi {{u|Jmm26}}. Only articles which have been the subject of repeated [[:WP:DE|disruption]] or [[:WP:VAN|vandalism]] tend to get [[:WP:PP|page protected]]. Usually, page protection is the last resort when all other attempts to try and resolve the problem have failed. There also tends to be a number of editors closely monitoring such articles to make sure someone doesn't try to any sneak in any disruption by somehow figuring out a way to get around the page protection. So, you might want to discuss you desire to edit this particular article with your Wiki-Ed advisor(s) since you might find it a bit harder to edit than perhaps some other article. Well-meaning students often run into problems when they select articles about contentious subjects or articles which have a history of being page protected. [[:Feral cat]] is indefinitely protected which means that there was some serious disruption going on at least at one point in time. The article has been protected six times since 2012 and each time the protection was removed, the disruption seems to have started up again. So, this might not be the best choice of an article to work on. I'm not trying to discourage you. If you really want to try to improve this article, then go ahead once your account has been [[:WP:AUTOCONFIRMED]]; this might, however, be an article where it's better to be a bit more [[:WP:CAUTIOUS]] than [[:WP:BOLD]]. Just make sure you leave a clearly worded [[:WP:ES|edit summary]] for your edits and try not to do a major rewrite/reorganization without first proposing it on the article's talk page. If you do those things, your edits are unlikely going to be mistaken for disruption or vandalism. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 07:05, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
:Thank you all, but I still was not able to edit. The same message saying that it is semi-protected appears. [[User:Jmm26|Jmm26]] ([[User talk:Jmm26|talk]]) 22:21, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{u|Jmm26}}, Now that you're up to 19 edits, you shouldn't have any problem editing the article. The message will still appear, but you're part of the permitted group now. [[User:Ian (Wiki Ed)|Ian (Wiki Ed)]] ([[User talk:Ian (Wiki Ed)|talk]]) 17:19, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Lack of response to my contribution made on January 28, 2021 ==

I had made my second contribution on January 28, 2021, after my first submission was rejected. I made necessary changes and additions to the content. But, I haven’t received a response on acceptance or rejection of my later submission. Please look into the matter at the earliest. [[User:Evolved nerd|Evolved nerd]] ([[User talk:Evolved nerd|talk]]) 06:54, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Evolved nerd}} Draft/article reviewing is done in no particular order, and asking on the teahouse will not "cut the line". I can tell you, however, that your article as it is right now will probably ''not'' make it. It's not structured like an article. There are many NPOV issues and the article looks like an advertisement in some lights. [[User:WhoAteMyButter|WhoAteMyButter]] ([[User talk:WhoAteMyButter|📨]]│[[Special:Contributions/WhoAteMyButter|📝]]) 07:02, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Evolved nerd}} Also, if you mean [[User:Evolved nerd/sandbox]], you have not resubmitted it for review yet, see the blue "resubmit" button. If you do, see where the template says "Improving your odds of a speedy review". [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 08:48, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
::Many sections do not have references. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 10:21, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
I am sorry. I thought I resubmitted the edited content. Should I simply now click on the resubmit button? Could someone guide me? Also, if someone could point out where exactly the text is falling short, and what edits I should make to help my article get accepted, that will be great. This is my first time making a submission on wikipedia. I am rather lost. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Evolved nerd|Evolved nerd]] ([[User talk:Evolved nerd#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Evolved nerd|contribs]]) 05:56, 2 March 2021 (UTC) 

== PARANOID NUMANOID on CHARLES SWAINSON ==

Sorry: I forgot to add a headline properly and so my question is attached to the previous question (above)!
[[User:Paranoid Numanoid|Paranoid Numanoid]] ([[User talk:Paranoid Numanoid|talk]]) 15:38, 1 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Paranoid Numanoid|Paranoid Numanoid]] ([[User talk:Paranoid Numanoid|talk]]) 15:38, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

Can I have an editor look over my draft article please? I've had feedback and tried to incorporate everything, I know I have expanded it and that it may be too long, I know I need more referencing after the first part, and I think having three paragraph headings in the same form may be repetitious (is there such a word?!) but apart from that am I on the right track and how can I shape it to be acceptable in due course? Grateful for any constructive criticism.
[[User:Paranoid Numanoid|Paranoid Numanoid]] ([[User talk:Paranoid Numanoid|talk]]) 15:28, 1 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Paranoid Numanoid|Paranoid Numanoid]] ([[User talk:Paranoid Numanoid|talk]]) 15:28, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

:This must be about [[User:Paranoid Numanoid/sandbox/Rev. Charles Swainson, M.A.]]. There's ''a lot'' of ureferenced content, including the whole of the three sections that follow the lead. Where did you get all that information? If from reliable sources, you'll need to cite them. Otherwise, you'll need to remove it. [[User:Maproom|Maproom]] ([[User talk:Maproom|talk]]) 16:51, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
::Cut vigorously and reference everything. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 17:14, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Paranoid Numanoid}} Your personal correspondence cannot be used as a reference - all references need to be published so they could be verified by others. Also, please remove the link to example.com. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 23:24, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you!! [[User:Paranoid Numanoid|Paranoid Numanoid]] ([[User talk:Paranoid Numanoid|talk]]) 18:13, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Two-dimensional schematic diagram ==

I posted the following inquiry at [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)#Two-dimensional schematic diagram]], and someone suggested asking at [[Wikipedia:Graphics Lab]], which appears to be service to order custom maps. However, my question is on creating simple do-it-yourself schema diagrams. Could someone here advise me? Thanks. [[User:TheTrolleyPole|TheTrolleyPole]] ([[User talk:TheTrolleyPole|talk]]) 18:54, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

I would like to do a two-dimensional schematic diagram to represent a streetcar network of 3 north/south lines and one interconnecting east/west line. I would like to use [[Template:Routemap]] but I would want the east/west line to be a horizontal line instead of twisting it into a vertical line. Thus, the schematic would resemble the city street grid. However, I suspect I would have problems indicating and labelling east/west stops. Is there any existing examples of doing this?

My second choice would be to acquire some inexpensive, easy-to-use diagram software to produce a diagram similar in style to [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TTC_streetcar_map_2020.svg this svg example] or [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sheppard_Yonge_Eastward.gif this gif example]. Could someone recommend software to do this? Thanks. [[User:TheTrolleyPole|TheTrolleyPole]] ([[User talk:TheTrolleyPole#top|talk]]) 22:01, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|TheTrolleyPole}}, I have zero experience in this area, but I believe [[Inkscape]] is a free popular choice for graphic design, although I would imagine most of it is actually done with [[Adobe Illustrator]]. [[User:Giraffer|Giraffer]] ([[User talk:Giraffer|talk]]·[[Special:Contributions/Giraffer|contribs]]) 19:36, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
::Thanks for the tip about [[InkScape]]. It looks complicated but there are lots of online tutorials. [[User:TheTrolleyPole|TheTrolleyPole]] ([[User talk:TheTrolleyPole|talk]]) 02:26, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::: I use Inkscape and find that the learning curve isn't too steep, especially if you can find something it can input as a starting point (such as the .svg map you mentioned). In my case as a chemist, I create drawings in a chemical drawing package (which can't do .svg directly) and use metafile formats like .emf to swap into Inkscape for final tweaks and conversion to .svg. Note that Wikipedia has an .svg Help Desk at [[WP:SVG help]] where there are real experts. Good luck, {{u|TheTrolleyPole}}. [[User:Michael D. Turnbull|Mike Turnbull]] ([[User talk:Michael D. Turnbull|talk]]) 15:16, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== When is lunch? I'm hungry. Can someone make an article on that, please? ==

Make an article on lunch [[User:Fearless130|Fearless130]] ([[User talk:Fearless130|talk]]) 22:12, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
:See [[Lunch]]. [[User:Meters|Meters]] ([[User talk:Meters|talk]]) 22:17, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
::See also [[Free lunch]] and [[There ain't no such thing as a free lunch]] [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 22:42, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Please also refer to [[packed lunch]], ''[[Lunch atop a Skyscraper]]'', [[ploughman's lunch]], [[plate lunch]], [[no free lunch theorem]], [[no free lunch with vanishing risk]], [[lunch counter]], ''[[Lunch at the Restaurant Fournaise]]'', [[lunchbox]] (which apparently may not represent a worldwide view of the subject of boxes designed to contain lunch), [[brunch]], [[three-martini lunch]], and [[lunch truck]]. [[User:TheTechnician27|TheTechnician27]] [[User talk:TheTechnician27|(Talk page)]] 23:00, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
::::Don't forget [[Lydia Lunch]]. --[[User:Finngall|Finngall]] [[User Talk:Finngall|talk]] 23:27, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

Fearless: If you don't stop subtle vandalism you will be out to lunch. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 01:45, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:"Not here", and now gone. Please don't feed the trolls. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 05:52, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== The Article I Created ==

Hi Teahouse, few days ago, Feb 24, I created an article which I think was approved but I still wonder why I can not find it on Google yet or other search engines. It actually came out on Yahoo search about two days ago. Please what do you think is the problem?

Best regards, [[User:Trendrives|Trendrives]] ([[User talk:Trendrives|talk]]) 05:34, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Trendrives}} Google does a ton of things with indexing and stuff. This isn't really a Wikipedia problem ''(if the article is actually in mainspace)'', moreso a Google thing. Just wait a bit longer. [[User:WhoAteMyButter|WhoAteMyButter]] ([[User talk:WhoAteMyButter|📨]]│[[Special:Contributions/WhoAteMyButter|📝]]) 05:54, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Hello, {{u|Trendrives}}. Please read [[Wikipedia:Controlling search engine indexing]]. In brief, most new articles will not be indexed for search by Google and other search engines until an article is marked OK by the [[WP:NPP|New pages patrol]]. The restriction is lifted automatically after 90 days if no patroller makes a decision before then. [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 06:06, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
Hello, {{u|WhoAteMyButter}} and {{u|Cullen328}}, thanks for your response. [[User:Trendrives|Trendrives]] ([[User talk:Trendrives|talk]]) 12:28, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Add infobox ==

How do i add an infobox. I haven't been able to figure it out. [[User:Chewie1138|Chewie1138]] ([[User talk:Chewie1138|talk]]) 06:16, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Chewie1138}} Infoboxes are easiest when done in source editing mode. Find the most relevant infobox template, copy in the blank syntax code, and start filling in the parameters after the equals sign (=) in each line. The list of available parameters and what should go in them are in the infobox documentation (like at [[Template:Infobox musical artist]]). The best way to see how they work is to go to an existing article with an infobox, go into source editing, and see how the code works there. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 06:31, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Creating new articles. ==

I'm not creating them yet, but i would like to know how to create an article when I'm ready. [[User:Chewie1138|Chewie1138]] ([[User talk:Chewie1138|talk]]) 06:50, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:{{u|Chewie1138}}. Welcome to the Teahouse. Please read [[WP:YFA]].--[[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]]|[[User talk:Shantavira|feed me]] 07:54, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Chewie1138}}, the easiest way to create a page is to create a draft, with the name of your article, (i.e. [[Draft:Example]] if I wanted article [[Example]],) and then to write the draft as you normally would. When you have finished, you can place the template <nowiki>{{subst:submit}}</nowiki> at the top, and a user called an "AfC Reviewer" (AfC for Articles for Creation, which is what this process is called) will come and look review it. If it is declined, the reviewer will leave some suggested changes in order for the draft to be accepted. When you have made those changes, you can re-add the template <nowiki>{{subst:submit}}</nowiki> to see have it re-reviewed. If it is accepted, the reviewer will move it to mainspace, thus making it an article! For more info on how AfC works, see [[WP:AfC|here]], and for a guide to creating your first article, see [[WP:YFA|here]]. [[User:Giraffer|Giraffer]] ([[User talk:Giraffer|talk]]·[[Special:Contributions/Giraffer|contribs]]) 07:58, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== [[Jackie Robinson Training Complex]] ==

Apparently a sports facility in Florida has been rebranded. The article describing it has been correspondingly moved, and is now at [[Jackie Robinson Training Complex]]. However, before the move, a user (whose username suggests a connection with the subject) has heavily edited the article, including removing all references and categories, hence it is now tagged as unref'd and uncat'd. As I see it, I cannot just restore the previous good edit, and I cannot manually add back the refs, because the content to which they relate has been largely changed. (I can add back the cats, obviously, but that's the least of the problems.) I don't know how to deal with this, could someone please advise and/or action? Thanks -- [[User:DoubleGrazing|DoubleGrazing]] ([[User talk:DoubleGrazing|talk]]) 06:57, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|DoubleGrazing}}, {{Done|Restored}} [[User:Firestar464|Firestar464]] ([[User talk:Firestar464|talk]]) 07:05, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::Hello, {{u|DoubleGrazing}}. In the future, click the article's "History" tab and scroll down to the version just before the disruption started. Click on the date/time of that version, and then click "Edit", and verify that this is the most recent good version. Now, leave an edit summary, click "Publish changes" and the undamaged version of the article will be restored. [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 07:08, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{re|Firestar464}} Ah, the good ol' Gordian Knot solution — love it! And there was me trying to overcomplicate things. :) Cheers, --[[User:DoubleGrazing|DoubleGrazing]] ([[User talk:DoubleGrazing|talk]]) 07:13, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Hi {{re|Cullen328}} I know ''how'' to restore earlier versions, my problem was that I assumed that the substantial edits (in connection which, the refs were removed) were valid and should not be just rolled back. But it seems I was wrong. Thanks, --[[User:DoubleGrazing|DoubleGrazing]] ([[User talk:DoubleGrazing|talk]]) 07:13, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{u|DoubleGrazing}}, the manual revert procedure I suggested is not the same as rollback, which is a much more aggressive procedure that should be reserved for overt, unambiguous vandalism, libel and the like. That's why I said that you should verify the version you reverted to. If there was some useful content in the intervening versions, you can copy that and paste it back into the article with an explanatory edit summary. [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 07:28, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::Apologies for using the term 'rollback' incorrectly, my bad. --[[User:DoubleGrazing|DoubleGrazing]] ([[User talk:DoubleGrazing|talk]]) 07:34, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== need article edited ==

Hi, I have an article in my sandbox which I like to see instead of the one at 'Gympie Pyramid'. I hope someone has the time to have a look, edit or change what he doesn't like and post the remains. I could upload, but in my experience even with the smallest and well founded change someone comes along and interferes, does the change himself.
So I need help if Wiki policy is, that no newbie can change anything. [[User:Wikigetsme123|Wikigetsme123]] ([[User talk:Wikigetsme123|talk]]) 07:18, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Wikigetsme123}}, this is an encyclopedia that anyone can edit. Feel free to [[WP:BOLD|be bold]]. [[User:Firestar464|Firestar464]] ([[User talk:Firestar464|talk]]) 07:22, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Hello, {{u|Wikigetsme123}}. There is already an article [[Gympie Pyramid]], and the best course of action is to make incremental changes to the existing article instead of trying to write a completely new version of the article. That may be perceived as disrespectful to the previous editors who worked on that article. That could possibly lead to arguments with the prior editors. I suggest that you gradually add impeccably referenced new content, and gradually remove content you believe to be poorly referenced, explaining why in edit summaries. That's the best course of action, in my opinion. [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 07:46, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:::I agree with {{u|Cullen328}}, and I would add that if any of the other editors have an issue with the changes that you are making, you should pause and discuss on the article talk page. [[User:Giraffer|Giraffer]] ([[User talk:Giraffer|talk]]·[[Special:Contributions/Giraffer|contribs]]) 07:50, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:What's new in [[User:Wikigetsme123/sandbox]] is largely unreferenced. As you add material to [[Gympie Pyramid]], {{U|Wikigetsme123}}, make sure that each part of it is clearly linked to a reliable, independent, published source. This is slightly complicated here, because as it stands the article cites what we can politely call "fringe" sources. Articles normally shouldn't do this, but it can be permissible (even commendable) in some circumstances. Certainly the reader shouldn't get the impression from the article as a whole that a "fringe" interpretation is the most convincing one. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 08:13, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

Thanks everybody for the input. This a well written article with poor information in it. The photo was wrong and two web links were dead. Nobody cares ... until I change a little thing. So I will add my additions to this existing article and really hope that no one of the experienced editors here reverse it just because of... Lets see. The information comes straight out of online publications, all with references. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Wikigetsme123|Wikigetsme123]] ([[User talk:Wikigetsme123#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Wikigetsme123|contribs]]) 07:08, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

== I want to creat article about a village in India ==

What if the article of of a village already exists and I want to create article with that same name but about village from different district ? [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 08:22, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi, IP editor. Create it as a draft with a title like "Village, District". I think some Indian states and other areas have local conventions like "Village (District)", but the Manual of Style ([[WP:NCIND|here]]) recommends the style with the comma, for instance [[Tanur, Malappuram]]. If and when the draft is accepted, the reviewer might move it to a differently-styled title if that conforms to the local convention, but you don't need to be concerned about that when you create the draft. Regards, --''[[User:Bonadea|bonadea]]'' [[Special:Contributions/Bonadea|contributions]] [[User talk:Bonadea|talk]] 08:33, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:And consider [[WP:REGISTER]]. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 09:53, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] Hi and what about if in a district two villages have similar name ? For my instance I want to create a article about my village ' Ghodasgaon' which is present in [[Jalgaon district]] of Muktainagar [[taluka]] but already a article about different village of same name existing on WP - [[Ghodasgaon]] it's a village in Shirpur taluka of my district. [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 10:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:[[Ghodasgaon]] says: "a village in [[Shirpur]] Taluka of [[Dhule]] district, [[Maharashtra]]". That is not the same district as you say about your village. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 10:14, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Not sure. Can you add another subdistrict, or east/west/north/south? Perhaps this list of places named [[Washington]] can inspire you. But even if you should pick a "wrong" title, that can be changed later. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 10:17, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] Hi , Ok I got it ! What if I wrote title like - [[Ghodasgaon (District-Jalgaon)]].Will be okay as WP standards ? [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 10:23, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Follow the existing pattern in [[:Category:Villages in Jalgaon district]]. There are two systems so it could be "Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon district" or "Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon". I examined some other subcategories of [[:Category:Villages in Maharashtra]] and they don't include "district" in article names so I would go with "Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon". [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 10:36, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Why not Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon, like Bonadea suggested? [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 10:32, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hi [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] , [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] I created [[Draft : Ghodasgaon (District - Jalgaon)]] but the problem is that there are no sufficient reference for elevation , area density , History , Geography etc. Will you help to make this article GA. [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 12:29, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

::If references are insufficient, an article cannot be created. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 22:50, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]]Hi can you change [[Draft:Ghodasgaon (District - Jalgaon)]] To 'Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon district or Ghodasgaon,Jalgaon' as said up before and review and improve - [[Draft: Jalgaon District Court]], [[Draft: Jalgaon housing scam ]],[[Draft: Kothadi]].
[[Special:Contributions/106.193.80.33|106.193.80.33]] ([[User talk:106.193.80.33|talk]]) 13:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

==how to make your custom sign?==
I've seen people have a custom sign after they reply. How can I make one for my self? [[User:Niger banda|Niger banda]] ([[User talk:Niger banda|talk]]) 09:58, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi [[User:Niger banda|Niger banda]], welcome to the Teahouse. See [[Wikipedia:Signatures#Customizing your signature]]. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 10:05, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|Niger banda}} You may also want to see [[Wikipedia:Signature tutorial]]. :) Take care to follow a hint displayed in '''bold''' in the lead part of the tutorial. [[User:CiaPan|CiaPan]] ([[User talk:CiaPan|talk]]) 10:13, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

{{u|CiaPan}} ,{{u|PrimeHunter}} thank you so much :)[[User:Niger banda|Niger banda]] ([[User talk:Niger banda|talk]]) 08:24, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== I just submitted my first draft ==

What next do I do?
Here’s my [[Draft:Oxlade (singer)]] on the Nigeria artist Oxlade and not to be confused with the English artist [[Jocelyn Oxlade]], also known as Oxlade. [[User:JudeJnr|JudeJnr]] ([[User talk:JudeJnr|talk]]) 12:24, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:[[User:JudeJnr|JudeJnr]] Hi Ok you just submitted your first darft.Now it can take long time to be reviewed and approved.Till you can improve it by adding new info and citing reference. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12#top|talk]]) 12:33, 2 March 2021 (UTC) 
::Oh ok, would see to that.--[[User:JudeJnr|JudeJnr]] ([[User talk:JudeJnr|talk]]) 12:51, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:JudeJnr|JudeJnr]] Hello you editing skills looking good. You can create new articles on Musicians , Politician , Sportsmen , Village and towns around you , edit and improve existing article about your interest. Cheers [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 13:15, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::Thank You, took out time studying series of exiting articles and also ensure they met [[WP:NPOV]], following the code of conduct; governing this system. Would try something new on entrepreneur.--[[User:JudeJnr|JudeJnr]] ([[User talk:JudeJnr|talk]]) 20:08, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
If you meant what happens to the draft, a review can take place within days, weeks, or (sadly) months. The system is not a queue. If accepted, the reviewer will more it to mainspace and remove Draft: from the name. A tag may be added to distinguish it from the other Oxlade. Once in mainspace it can take up to 90 days before it will be visible to a search conducted at Google or other search engine. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 14:41, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:: The visibility, sounds amazing {{u|David notMD}}. More like the page will be optimized within the period of 90 days on a search engine.--[[User:JudeJnr|JudeJnr]] ([[User talk:JudeJnr|talk]]) 20:08, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Can I suggest a topic here for an editor, then someone can start with creating a profile page? ==

There is a Thailand-based football player, I think he is a lot deserving for the Wikipedia page. I am new on Wiki and don't have an idea about article writing, but I can suggest a topic for the editor. I can share all details that I have for the person if someone is interested. [[Special:Contributions/103.84.81.198|103.84.81.198]] ([[User talk:103.84.81.198|talk]]) 12:24, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. I would correct you in that Wikipedia does not have "profile pages", not one. Wikipedia has '''articles'''. You are welcome to suggest articles at [[WP:RA|Requested Articles]]; however, the backlog there is severe and it may be some time, if ever, before your request is acted upon. You are correct to be cautious about article writing, as it is the hardest thing to do here. We don't just share information/details about people, we summarize what independent [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] say about subjects. I will say though that if you have reviewed the Wikipedia definition of [[WP:NFOOTY|a notable football player]] and believe this person meets it, and you have at least three independent reliable sources to support that, you can take your time creating a draft using [[WP:AFC|Articles for Creation]], and you can submit that draft for a review by other editors before it is formally placed in the encyclopedia. You may wish to read [[WP:YFA|Your First Article]]. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 12:29, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
Welcome to Teahouse - WP have backlog of requested articles.So I suggest you to learn how to edit on WP.Observe other articles about football like [[Lionel Messi]] and first experiment in your [[sandbox]].Cite reliable sources from Newspaper website's articles like big one BBC , website of top news channel's of your country. You can make article only about notable people. [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 13:01, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Awaiting re-review ==

Hello,
Having made all the required changes to my draft, it has been pending re-review now for nearly two months. Is there anything I can do to alert the reviewer, who initially declined it, or another reviewer who can take a look?
Many thanks [[User:Ukuser691|Ukuser691]] ([[User talk:Ukuser691|talk]]) 14:10, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Ukuser691}} Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. As noted on your draft, "This may take 4 months or more, since drafts are reviewed in no specific order. There are 4,829 pending submissions waiting for review." You will need to continue to be patient. You can contact users who have previously reviewed the draft, their names are linked to in the decline notice) but it may or may not help. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 14:22, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::[[Draft:Bahman Panahi]] Declined in January and now Declined again March 2. See comments left by reviewers. My comment is delete the Exhibitions list. Wikipedia articles are not intended to contain all mentions of a person's accomplishments. The text already mentions major solo exhibitions. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 14:46, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Thank you, I have now removed the Exhibitions list. [[User:Ukuser691|Ukuser691]] ([[User talk:Ukuser691|talk]]) 17:07, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Hello, thank you for inviting me to the teahouse ==
How can I be a strong user in Wikipedia to be able to edit protected Wikipedia content?  [[User:Hossein norouzi 306|Hossein norouzi 306]] ([[User talk:Hossein norouzi 306|talk]]) 14:55, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Hossein norouzi 306}} Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. If you wish to edit a protected article, you may post to the relevant article talk page, detailing what it is that you feel should be edited. For example, the talk page of [[Joe Biden]] is [[Talk:Joe Biden]]. You may wish to use the [[WP:ADVENTURE|new user tutorial]]. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 14:59, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{tping|Hossein norouzi 306}} See more at [[Wikipedia:Protection policy]]. Most protected articles are only semi-protected. You can edit those when your account is four days old and has made ten edits. You only miss 16 hours and one edit. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 16:16, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello, {{U|Hossein norouzi 306}}, and welcome to the Teahouse from me too. To add to what the other editors have replied: I recommend you be cautious before you edit a semi-protected article. Have a look at the article's talk page, and see what has been going on. Some articles are semi-protected because they have had a spate of [[WP:vandalism|vandalism]] - that is, editing simply to damage Wikipedia - and if that is why the article has been protected, then if you have something to contribute, go ahead! But other articles are protected because they have been contentious and often people have been trying to continue a real-world conflict in the pages of Wikipedia. If an article you wish to edit is one of those, I urge you to read the Talk page and its archives carefully to see if the edit you want to make has already been discussed; and in any case, unless it is something trivbial like correcting a misspelling, think about discussing your proposed change on the talk page first. See [[WP:BRD|BRD]]. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 17:47, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Reset password ==

My email provider has discontinued its email service. For this reason, I cannot reset my password as the Wiki system does not allow another way than the email. Please advise on how I can recover my account. [[Special:Contributions/41.13.224.235|41.13.224.235]] ([[User talk:41.13.224.235|talk]]) 15:49, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Unfortunally we are unable to do so in any case. In some cases (if the account had signed [[Wikipedia:Access to nonpublic information|the confidentially agreement]] or the account had a [[Template:Committed identity|Committed identity]], the developers ''might'' be able to assist. However, I have no Idea on how to contact these folks or what kind of evidence they require. In all other cases you only can [[Special:CreateAccount|create a new account]] with a different username. [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 16:00, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
That is actually quite pathetic. But none the less I will soldier forth. Interesting how people in Wiki with contacts inside can “steal” profile names once the owner of that profile has moved on.
:They can't (and even if they could, they wouldn't bother trying to steal an account with less rights than their main one when they can just [[WP:SOCK#LEGIT|create their own]]). Nobody on Wikipedia's end has access to any sort of password for any account, despite what Victor Schmidt implies above. —[[User:Jéské Couriano|A little blue Bori]] [[User talk:Jéské Couriano|v^_^v]] [[Special:Contributions/Jéské Couriano|Takes a strong man to deny...]] 16:46, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::I think they mean "[[WP:USURP|usurping]]", which you can't do if the account has made any appreciable amount of edits at all (any edits at all usually is sufficient), and the definition of "insider" for usurpation is, basically, has a couple of months of non-problematic edits. Beyond that, the ''only'' thing that would transfer is the username. [[User:Nosebagbear|Nosebagbear]] ([[User talk:Nosebagbear|talk]]) 16:54, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::Passwords are not stored anywhere so nobody can access them (see [[key derivation function]] if you wonder how users can log in when the servers don't know their password). But some developers have access to set a new email address for an account so a temporary password can be mailed. They do it rarely in special circumstances like users with advanced user rights or large edit counts. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 17:06, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:::PrimeHunter actually describes what I mean. The devs ''sometimes'' (very rarely) might use their access to set the email adress to something different. But as PrimeHunter already says, they will only do it for very few accounts, and you have to convince them that you are the actual account owner (thats why I mentioned the commited identity and the confidentially agreement). After all, this is unlikely to happen for 99% of accounts, so you will very likely have to create a new account. A few notes about emails, I recommend that you choose an email provider who will not simply shut down the service, but rather give you a few months (6 is common) beforehand so you can rehome all acocunts based on that adress to a new one. Thats also the reason why I recommend retaining any email confirmation emails, so you know which acocunts you need to find a new home for... [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 17:54, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
Gents, thank you for the comprehensive feedback. It is actually very simply, my username Ameshoff is a very unique name to me and I would have loved to use it again. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/41.13.250.150|41.13.250.150]] ([[User talk:41.13.250.150#top|talk]]) 04:59, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

== Request for Draft Review ==

Hello! I have made several suggested edits to my current draft (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Roy_S._Herbst) and I would greatly appreciate if someone could take another look at it and let me know what else I can do to get it accepted.

Thanks for any help and feedback! [[User:Jcollinsycc|Jcollinsycc]] ([[User talk:Jcollinsycc|talk]]) 15:56, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Jcollinsycc}}, I'm not a draft reviewer, but just from looking at your draft it seems like you've added many sources. My one suggestion is to add a citation to the personal section. [[User:Bop34|βӪᑸᙥӴ]] • [[User talk:Bop34|Talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bop34|Contribs]] 17:10, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::Thank you [[User:Bop34|Bop34]] and [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]]! I've decided to remove the section, since it's not particularly necessary or important to the entry. If there's anything else I need to do to get this article accepted, please let me know. It's been in draft space since December and I'm eager to see it as an article. :) [[User:Jcollinsycc|Jcollinsycc]] ([[User talk:Jcollinsycc|talk]]) 17:55, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hi [[User:Jcollinsycc|Jcollinsycc]]. All of our core inclusion policies (such as [[WP:N|notability]], [[WP:V|verifiability]], [[WP:NPOV|neutral point of view]], and [[WP:NOR|no original research]]) converge on aspects of reliable sourcing – so improvement of the sourcing will always make a draft more likely to be acceptable. One thing you might to do here is bone up the attribution of the citations, for better transparency.To provide one example, right now, with respect to one source you've cited, all the draft provides is a linked title and "Nature, June 2010". I would change that to the following (here, I'm using a [[WP:CT|citation template]]; I find them very helpful, because it consistently formats everything automagically, without my need to know any order, but you don't need to do likewise; the point is the addition of a lot more attribution information):
::<code><nowiki><ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Nature Reviews Drug Discovery|volume=9|issue=423|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd3199.pdf|title=Adaptive BATTLE trial uses biomarkers to guide lung cancer treatment|date=June 2010|doi=10.1038/nrd3199}}</ref></nowiki></code>

:which will format in the references section as:
::{{Cite journal|journal=Nature Reviews Drug Discovery|volume=9|issue=423|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd3199.pdf|title=Adaptive BATTLE trial uses biomarkers to guide lung cancer treatment|date=June 2010|doi=10.1038/nrd3199}}
:Best regards--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 18:34, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Verifying citations ==

When copyediting I sometimes like to verify sources. Many sources have no links. When I try to get books or articles I am successful about 30% of the time using JSTOR, Internet Archive, WorldCat. Are there other ways of getting references? [[User:OodFloo|OodFloo]] ([[User talk:OodFloo|talk]]) 16:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:For Books, try [[Special:BookSources]]. It has more options. For web content that is missing the actual URL, try searching for the title at least on the main google search and [https://scholar.google.com Google Scholar]. [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 16:21, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:HathiTrust if you belong to an institution that has access. [[User:Urve|Urve]] ([[User talk:Urve|talk]]) 01:37, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Is it possible to take extra action against someone who is deliberately adding [[WP:OR]] (in the form of spoilers for future episodes of a web series I like, which is annoying me)? ==

There is this IP at 41.58.xxx.xxx who has twice added thousands of bytes worth of (possibly fake or stolen from the production company) episode summaries at [[List of Talking Tom and Friends (TV series) episodes]], and as someone who is interested in the show but doesn't have the time to frequently patrol the article, I am getting really annoyed by that person (to be honest, it's not so bad if the plots added are fake, but if they are real and stolen from the production company, I am definitely <s>going to hate that person more than anyone else for spilling the beans</s> very annoyed). Since it's not just a single dynamic IP range, an IP block won't help, and since this is the second time in 4 weeks, it is also probably a slow-motion vandal. I've warned the address that most recently did this, but I don't want to have to wait till he does it 2 or 3 more times to warrant protection.

Is it possible to have someone either:
*add Pending Changes Protection till either:
** the end of May (which is when each new season of the web series usually starts)?
OR
*add the page to their watchlist and revert anyone suspiciously adding a large amout of unreferenced text to the article?
<s>And by the way, would a revdel be necessary for all the "fake" episodes just in case the plots are real and the production company responsible for the series complains?</s> Ignore the struck-out request, I should have realised that this was overkill.
Thanks, [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.129|45.251.33.129]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.129|talk]]) 16:23, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:First of all, you seem to be getting worked up, which you shouldn't be. Second, please remember to assume good faith. I'm not sure what you mean by "I am definitely going to hate that person more than anyone else for spilling the beans". If they are adding summaries for future episodes then they are obviously fake. Try requesting page protection. [[User:Bop34|βӪᑸᙥӴ]] • [[User talk:Bop34|Talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bop34|Contribs]] 17:07, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::45's statement that someone is leaking future episode content is plausible. Page protection with a time limit can be proposed. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 20:21, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::I guess I did let my feelings get in the way of my reasoning, so I suppose I could have written this in a more polite way... And I personally don't think that [[WP:GOOD FAITH]] could be applied when someone adds spoilers for future episodes, since I don't know why anyone would like spoilers. (By "I am definitely going to...", I meant that I hated them a lot (though now that I think of it, hate was definitely too strong a word)). As for requesting page protection, I chose not to directly ask for it at [[WP:RFPP]] since this was only the second time that person added the content, while many of the requests I've seen have been declined for more active vandalism. But I would appreciate it if someone here added the protection till the end of May. [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.24|45.251.33.24]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.24|talk]]) 01:33, 3 March 2021 (UTC) (I'm on a dynamic IP range)
::Hello? Anyone? [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.205|45.251.33.205]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.205|talk]]) 08:10, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Hello 45.251.33.205, yes? [[User:SenatorLEVI|'''Senator''']][[User talk:SenatorLEVI|'''LEVI''']] 08:25, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::This appears to be a case of good faith, not vandalism - there is no intention to disrupt the encyclopedia. The extra content seems to have come from the Talking Tom Wiki - see [https://outfit7talkingfriends.fandom.com/wiki/Roy_to_the_Rescue this entry] for "Roy to the rescue" which matches the text entered into Wikipedia.
::::Requesting revdel, page protection and blocks seems overkill for what should be a good faith insertion. An accusation of vandalism just because somebody fills in a plot summary when you haven't yet seen the episode is frankly just silly. Nobody has properly reached out to the IP - apart from an L2 vandalism warning left by the OP (which I've struck, because it's inappropriate). Let's also remember that although [[WP:OR]] may be viable, there is also [[WP:SPOILER]] - a plot summary is expected to tell the plot which by definition means spoilers. There is a very real likelihood that this information will be applicable at some point - before the actual airdate, or certainly before the OP has seen the episodes. [[User:Chaheel Riens|Chaheel Riens]] ([[User talk:Chaheel Riens|talk]]) 08:46, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::: That may be true, {{u|Chaheel Riens}}, except that:
:::::*the episodes in question still haven't aired
:::::*the fandom relies on user content which is unverified
:::::*I have no idea where on earth they got the episode screenshot that's on the fandom page
:::::*premature episode and movie plots (especially unsourced plots) are not allowed per [[WP:CRYSTAL BALL]] even if they are true
:::::*my problem is not with [[WP:SPOILERS]], but with [[WP:CRYSTAL BALL]], [[WP:UNSOURCED]] and [[WP:OR]]
:::::All I want is for someone to either add [[Wikipedia:Pending changes protection|pending changes protection]] till the end of May (which is when each new season starts) or to add the page to their watchlist and regularly check and revert if anyone tries to add those unverified plot summaries. [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.205|45.251.33.205]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.205|talk]]) 10:41, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::PS - I just wanted to point out that I struck down my own revdel request already and noted that I realised that it was overkill. I also did not request blocking that IP. I just requested for PCP which will let that person edit and will let that person's edit be publicly visible if it is a proper edit. [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.205|45.251.33.205]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.205|talk]]) 10:45, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::<s>Did "SenatorLEVI" reply only to mock the fact that I was trying to get someone's attention to this? Because that is what i interpret his response as. [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.205|45.251.33.205]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.205|talk]]) 10:41, 4 March 2021 (UTC)</s> Redacted after I thought a bit more about what he could've meant. [[Special:Contributions/45.251.33.205|45.251.33.205]] ([[User talk:45.251.33.205|talk]]) 11:14, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
{{od}}The fact that the episodes haven't aired has little bearing on the issue. I know we don't consider user-generated forums to be reliable sources, but neither should we automatically consider them to be intentionally deceptive and misleading.

I suggest you re-read [[WP:CRYSTAL BALL]], as your current understanding of it is completely wrong. Crystal is about attempts to use Wiki to predict or make claims about the future. A plot description for a TV show that hasn't aired is a far cry from that. We absolutely ''do'' allow plots to be outlined even if the book/movie/TV show/etc has not been aired - although we do also generally require sources for them which is why they can be classed as [[WP:OR]] without.

Given that the editor in question has not tried to re-add any of the information, I would strongly '''oppose''' any kind of sanctions - especially page protection, where you want 2 months of Pending changes protection just because of a plot summary? That's completely over the top. [[User:Chaheel Riens|Chaheel Riens]] ([[User talk:Chaheel Riens|talk]]) 12:04, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Edits Need citation ==

I'm trying to edit my employers wikipedia page : American Society of Echocardiography. I updated it in September and then today noticed it had been reverted to an old version. I retrieved my changes and tried to add more citations, but just wanted to check what else I could do to keep the newest revision in place.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Echocardiography [[User:Ase2021|Ase2021]] ([[User talk:Ase2021|talk]]) 16:26, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|Ase2021}} before you go any further, please review [[WP:COI]] and [[WP:PAID]] and make the required disclosures. Failure to do so results in the save button disappaering sooner or later. Articles [[WP:OWN|aren't locked to prevent a particular version from being changed]]. [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 16:30, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Ase2021}} Welcome to the Teahouse! I reverted your changes and added some information on your talk page about Wikipedia's username policy and conflict of interest editing. You're welcome to suggest edits on the article talk page [[Talk:American Society of Echocardiography]] with the {{tl|request edit}} template. [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 16:38, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Ase2021}}, You really shouldn't be editing your employer's page as you have a clear [[WP:COI]]. It's general practice not to edit if you have a COI, but you can send a COI edit request on the talk page. Looking at your edits, it is clear that they are promotional. [[User:Bop34|βӪᑸᙥӴ]] • [[User talk:Bop34|Talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bop34|Contribs]] 16:58, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::What you added twice, reverted twice, was a huge amount of content of what the society says about itself (Mission Statement, Strategic goals, Membership benefits, blah, blah, blah). None of that belongs in the article. As already mentioned, the avenue open to you is to go to the article's Talk page and propose changes. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 20:27, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Ase2021}} Your edits were also blatant [[Copyright infringement|copyright violations]]. I have let you a note about this on your talk page. Don't ever do that again.--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 20:35, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== How to cite from a physical, ebook book to a article ? ==

How can we show refrence from a book, a Journal and physical newspaper. [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 16:32, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:See [[Template:Cite book]], [[Template:Cite journal]] and [[Template:Cite news]], respectively. —[[User:Jéské Couriano|A little blue Bori]] [[User talk:Jéské Couriano|v^_^v]] [[Special:Contributions/Jéské Couriano|Takes a strong man to deny...]] 16:39, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== How can I go about contributing to a portal that seems mostly inactive? ==

Hi, I'm an electrical engineering student wanting to contribute to the [[Portal:Electronics|electronics portal]], but it just so happens that it seems pretty inactive. I've made a few edits already, I'm just wondering if it's okay to go ahead and continue editing, and make sure I'm not stepping on anyone's toes. [[User:FemboyCircuits|FemboyCircuits]] ([[User talk:FemboyCircuits|talk]]) 16:40, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|FemboyCircuits}}, Yeah it's okay, you can keep going. Seems kinda odd though; I would've figured that big things like that wouldn't be inactive. [[User:Bop34|βӪᑸᙥӴ]] • [[User talk:Bop34|Talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bop34|Contribs]] 17:00, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ec}} {{ping|FemboyCircuits}} Welcome to the Teahouse! It's clear that you're editing in good faith, and using the edit summary field well to describe your edits. Continue to [[WP:BOLD|be bold]] and make improvements. If someone doesn't agree with your edit and reverts it, then discuss it on the Portal talk page per the [[Wikipedia:BOLD, revert, discuss cycle]]. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 17:03, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

==Reliable citations==
{{FYI|Created section header. [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 17:34, 2 March 2021 (UTC)}}
Can you have 'reliable citations' and have multiple sources of the same website?
From Jajajay [[User:Jajajay|Jajajay]] ([[User talk:Jajajay|talk]]) 17:19, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Jajajay}} Welcome to the Teahouse! Yes, an article can have more than one reliable source from the same website. However, the article should have sources from multiple independent sources. [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 17:36, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

==Breach of Peace==
{{Courtesy link|Draft:Breach of Peace (novella)}}

Why can't I make an article about an unpublished book? It can be improved after it is published right? I feel unjustified. This novella is something I feel like is notable, because there are many articles on books that are written by Fans, who wrote it neutrally, and they are considered notable. I'm not a fan yet, but I feel I can make this article. I did not break my neutral point of view in the article. The article was not financially involved with the author. All my refrences were relaible, and don't tell me that novels that aren't released can't be put here. If so, why are unreleased TV shows, episodes, and movies put up here?

I'm sorry if I was insulting. [[User:Danglerofhell|Danglerofhell]] ([[User talk:Danglerofhell|talk]]) 17:49, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

;Notability
{{FYI|Combined sections. [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 18:01, 2 March 2021 (UTC)}}
Could you give me a notability criteria? [[User:Danglerofhell|Danglerofhell]] ([[User talk:Danglerofhell|talk]]) 17:52, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Danglerofhell}} Welcome to the Teahouse - see [[Wikipedia:Notability (books)]]. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 18:01, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hi [[User:Danglerofhell|Danglerofhell]]. See [[WP:BKCRYSTAL]]; which will refer you to [[WP:CRYSTAL]], which will refer you to [[WP:N]] (notability). Based on the fact that ever single source you have cited in the draft has had no utility whatever in demonstrating any notability—as we [[WP:N|use that word here]], and not as you have interpreted it in a vernacular manner to mean something else (every single one being [[WP:PRIMARY|primary]] and non-[[WP:INDEPENDENT|independent]])—do not waste any more of your own time. In short, barring the unearthing of [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable]], [[WP:SECONDARY|secondary]], [[Wikipedia:Independent sources|independent]] sources that treat the topic in substantive detail{{Z21}}, the future publication of this novella is not notable at this time, as it simply has not been the subject of reliable, independent publication by third parties, and no article can be written that will be acceptable right now.It is not unjustified; it is in keeping with what an encyclopedia ''is''. In effect, you're like a person who wants to submit for publication in an atlas something that sort of looks like a map, but isn't actually one, and are here saying it's unfair that you've been told "but that's not what an atlas covers". Best regards--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 19:07, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Thank you, [[User:GoingBatty]] and [[User:Fuhghettaboutit]] - I will add that unreleased movies and TV shows also are normally not considered [[WP:N|notable]], although we are inconsistent about them, and we have articles on unreleased movies that we probably shouldn't have. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|talk]]) 00:54, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::::Yes, [[WP:OTHERSTUFF]] and all that, but (I write this for the OP; I know you, [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert]], know this), we also have articles on upcoming events that are highly anticipated enough, that multiple reliable, secondary independent sources write about the upcoming release.--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 01:04, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== vitamin D tablets ==

What is vitamin C used for. [[User:Foldfox2707celtichut|Foldfox2707celtichut]] ([[User talk:Foldfox2707celtichut|talk]]) 17:59, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Foldfox2707celtichut}} See the [[Vitamin C]] and [[Vitamin D]] articles. [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 18:03, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Notability of potential subject: singer / songwriter Lainey Wilson ==

Hello. I have been hired by a management company to create a Wikipedia entry for Nashville Singer / Songwriter Lainey Wilson.
Before I begin the Wikipedia process, I thought it best to start here and make sure that she meets the notability requirement.
Any help you could provide would be greatly appreciated. [[User:Craig.volt|Craig.volt]] ([[User talk:Craig.volt|talk]]) 17:59, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:[[WP:42|She needs to be the subject of significant, independent, published work]]. Basically, people who are not her or associated with her need to have written about her life and work (i.e. not her personal website, her employers, or work that was "written for hire" about her, press releases also do not count, etc.). It is those independent, [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] that are needed so that an article can be written. The indicator of notability ''is'' the independent source texts. --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron]][[User talk:Jayron32|''32'']] 18:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ec}} {{ping|Craig.volt}} Welcome to the Teahouse! See [[WP:PAID]] and [[WP:SINGER]]. [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 18:05, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Craig.volt}}, Welcome to the Teahouse - for the very first start it might be a good idea making yourself familiar with the principles of conflict of interest editing at [[WP:COI]], then [[WP:YFA]] and for your subject [[WP:NMUSIC]]. [[User:CommanderWaterford|CommanderWaterford]] ([[User talk:CommanderWaterford|talk]]) 18:06, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hello, {{U|Craig.volt}}. Thank you for being up front about your task. Please be aware that creating a new article is one of the hardest tasks there is for an inexperienced editor; and it is many times harder if they have a COI. Have you read [[WP:Your first article|Your first article]]?
:Another take on what Jayron said is that {{HD/WINI}}. You may also want to show Wilson the page [[WP:An article about yourself isn't necessarily a good thing|An article about yourself isn't necessarily a good thing]]: make her aware that if you succeed in getting an article about her published, it will not belong to her, and neither she nor you will have any control over its contents. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 19:03, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== I fixed Template:Univision programming Since Dulce Ambición has ended it has changed to La hija del embajador ==

I fixed Template:Univision programming Since Dulce Ambición has ended it has changed to La hija del embajador — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:ItsJustdancefan|ItsJustdancefan]] ([[User talk:ItsJustdancefan#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ItsJustdancefan|contribs]]) 18:22, 2 March 2021 (UTC) 
:{{courtesy link|Template:Univision programming}} {{re|ItsJustdancefan }} it looks like one of your edits was partially reverted. You should discuss on the [[Template talk:Univision programming|template talk page]]. {{please}} [[User:Timtempleton|TimTempleton]] [[User talk:Timtempleton|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Timtempleton|(cont)]] 19:28, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== How do you make pages? ==

I don't know how to make pages. Can someone please help? [[User:KTTcontributes|KTT]] [[User talk:KTTcontributes|Talk :D]] [[Special:Contributions/KTTcontributes|contribz]] — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|undated]] comment added 18:50, 2 March 2021 (UTC) 
:While I am not a Teahouse Host, I can assist you with your question. There are two ways to create articles. For beginner editors the recommended way is [[Wikipedia:AFC|AFC]](Articles For Creation) because you can get help from AFC reviewers. Another way is to search for a non-existent article and create an article for it. However, it can be seen and be deleted if you don't follow Wikipedia's policies. Happy Editing, [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] 18:58, 2 March 2021 (UTC)!
:{{u|KTTcontributes}}, please have a closer look at [[WP:YFA]] .... hope that helps. [[User:CommanderWaterford|CommanderWaterford]] ([[User talk:CommanderWaterford|talk]]) 19:42, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you for helping me out![[User:KTTcontributes|KTT]] [[User talk:KTTcontributes|Talk :D]] [[Special:Contributions/KTTcontributes|contribz]]

== How do you make a audio recording of a page? ==

Im wondering about how to do this. [[User:Starman2377|Starman2377]] ([[User talk:Starman2377|talk]]) 19:45, 2 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Starman2377|Starman2377]] ([[User talk:Starman2377|talk]]) 19:45, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Starman2377}} Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. I'm not familiar with the technical process, but I think [[WP:SPOKEN|the Spoken Wikipedia WikiProject]] is what you might be looking for. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 20:02, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

==Non-free logo template==
Does anyone have the code to cut and paste into a logo file for a logo with non-free use credentials? I tried to follow the instructions on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Non-free_use_rationale_logo but I guess I erred because I ended up getting blocked. Advice greatly appreciated. [[User:Jallerso|Jallerso]] ([[User talk:Jallerso|talk]]) 20:26, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hello, {{U|Jallerso}}, and welcome to the Teahouse. I don't know why you think you have been blocked: I can't find any evidence of it, and you still seem to be able to edit. The logo will be removed from Commohns because Commons accepts only freely licensed material. [[WP:Logos|Logos]] can usually be uploaded to Wikipedia itself, as non-free media; but only if their use meets ''all'' the criteria in the [[WP:non-free content criteria|non-free content criteria]] - two of which are that they may be used only in articles (not drafts), and that they must be used in at least one article. The time to consider uploading the logo then is after your draft has been accepted as an article. In the meantime, you can work on turning your draft from a piece of marketing puff into an encyclopaedia article. For example, a list of devices, OS's and languages supported in the first sentence is not appropriate - probably not appropriate anywhere, but certainly not there. Remember that {{HD/WINI}} --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 21:17, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::Hello, {{u|Jallerso}}. To be absolutely clear, acceptable [[WP:NFCI|non-free images]] should be uploaded here on the English Wikipedia. They are not allowed on Wikimedia Commons. [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 00:20, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Jallerso}} If you use the [[Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard]], you'll be prompted with all the options, and then you don't have to deal with the template. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 00:39, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you so much Teahouse members {{u|GoingBatty}} {{u|ColinFine}} for the sound advice. On the road to improvement! [[User:Jallerso|Jallerso]] ([[User talk:Jallerso|talk]]) 10:03, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Feel free to edit expand my draft ==

Hi recently I created three articles on WP , will you contribute to expand them ? They are - [[Draft : Ghodasgaon (District - Jalgaon)]] , [[Draft : Kothadi]] and [[Draft : Jalgaon housing scam]].These article can serve you great space for contribution. Cheers [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 20:32, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|106.220.85.12}} Teahouse hosts volunteer to answer question on how to edit Wikipedia, but are not here to help improve drafts. You are likely the person most knowledgeable about Jalgoan, Kothadi and Ghodasgaon. The responsibility falls on you to improve these drafts while waiting for reviewers. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 20:39, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:David notMD|David notMD]] Okay , I got it ! I also naive.New to WP , learning by mistakes.But I thought some editors if looking for some article to contribution then they can edit them. Cheers [[Special:Contributions/106.220.85.12|106.220.85.12]] ([[User talk:106.220.85.12|talk]]) 20:44, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:I found the [[Draft:Jalgaon housing scam|draft on the housing scam]] interesting and between today and yesterday, have tackled it in some length and depth.--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 21:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::Wikipedia does have a place to request articles get written by other editors (see [[Wikipedia:Requested articles]]), but there is a HUGE backlog. And, as you can see from above, sometimes a Teahouse volunteer will aid with more than just advice (at times, me too). [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 23:02, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
[[User:David notMD|David notMD]] Hi can you change [[Draft: Ghodasgaon (District - Jalgaon)]] to 'Ghodasgaon,Jalgaon'.Some editors here suggested me.If two villages heve same name and 1 is pre existing on WP ,you can differentiate your artu by writing like this - Ghodasgaon, Jalgaon,'cause [[Ghodasgaon]] names article is already here on WP. [[Special:Contributions/106.193.80.33|106.193.80.33]] ([[User talk:106.193.80.33|talk]]) 13:12, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:If the draft is accepted, then the reviewer who accepts it can assign a better name. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 14:54, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

==IP signature with no question==
 [[Special:Contributions/2402:800:63A4:DFE3:E4BA:38AE:65B8:BBD|2402:800:63A4:DFE3:E4BA:38AE:65B8:BBD]] ([[User talk:2402:800:63A4:DFE3:E4BA:38AE:65B8:BBD|talk]]) 21:02, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi. Do you have a question?--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 21:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard vs Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Video games/Sources ==

If I'm looking to talk about if something is reliable for a gaming subject, which should I default to? Should I go to one before the other? [[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 21:09, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
: Hi {{u|Tyrone Madera}}. [[:Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard]] (RSN) is a community-wide noticeboard for discussing particular sources and any consensus reached there would take precendance over anything decided at the WikiProject level per [[:WP:CONLEVEL]]. You can ask for assistance at the WikiProject and perhaps its members will be able to help you out, and then bring things up for further discussion at RSN if no agreement can be reached over the reliablity of a source.{{pb}}Generally, RSN is best for resolving a dispute between multiple editors as to whether a particular source is reliable for the context in which it's being cited, while a WikiProject might be a good place to ask a general question about sourcing (e.g. What types of sources are reliable for gaming subjects?) since the members of the project might have a "list" of sources they generally consider OK to cite for video game articles. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 03:21, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{ping|Marchjuly}} Thanks! :) [[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 01:55, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Edit request for to reflect 117th Congress ==

Submitting one additional edit request for this page to reflect that it is now the 117th Congress, not 116th. Thank you!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)

Change:
James Michael Johnson (born January 30, 1972) is an American attorney, politician, and former talk radio host serving as the U.S. Representative for Louisiana's 4th congressional district. First elected in 2016, he is also the chairman of the House Republican Study Committee, a coalition of socially- and fiscally-conservative members of the larger House Republican Conference.

To:
James Michael Johnson (born January 30, 1972) is an American attorney, politician, and former talk radio host serving as the U.S. Representative for Louisiana's 4th congressional district. First elected in 2016, he is also the Vice Chairman of the House Republican Conference. He previously served as chairman of the House Republican Study Committee, the largest coalition of socially- and fiscally-conservative members of House Republican Conference.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Republican_Conference [[Special:Contributions/143.231.249.135|143.231.249.135]] ([[User talk:143.231.249.135|talk]]) 21:43, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

Place to ask is on Talk page of the article in question. Or just make the change. But you will have to put that URL in proper reference format. Look at other website refs in the article and mimic those. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 22:22, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== How to use images from others that I have permission? ==

I obtained the permission to use Dr. Michael Sawaya's X-ray crystallographic image of 20 amino acids. How do I added it to the wiki site since this image is not my own work?

Shuguang Zhang, Ph.D.
 [[User:ShuguangZhang4|ShuguangZhang4]] ([[User talk:ShuguangZhang4|talk]]) 22:57, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hello, {{U|ShuguangZhang4}}, and welcome to the Teahouse. I'm afraid that, because of Wikipedia's fundamental purpose, to make information available to anybody for any purpose, permission to use an image in Wikipedia is not acceptable. The only way to do this is if Dr Sawaya himself (not you) chooses to license the image under [[WP:CC-BY-SA|CC-BY-SA]], which will allow anybody to reuse or alter it for any purpose, commercial or not, as long as they attribute. If he is willing, he can either upload it to Wikimedia Commons himself, or can send a mail as specified in [[WP:donating copyright materials|donating copyright materials]]. I have removed the contact information address from above: it is a bad idea to publish them in such a public site as this. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 23:22, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

== If edits are approved or rejected ==

Hello,
I am wondering when and how I will know if the contributions I made to a wikipedia site will be approved or rejected? Will i receive an email? How will i know when the decision has been made?
Thank you
Nicole Snively [[User:Nicole Snively|Nicole Snively]] ([[User talk:Nicole Snively|talk]]) 23:36, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello, {{u|Nicole Snively}} and welcome to the Teahouse. For most pages, once you've edited content and hit the 'Publish changes' button, your edits will appear immediately. Except for certain 'protected pages' there is no approval process. However, if your edit is not deemed acceptable, or perhaps not supported by references, or in some other way inappropriate, another editor may revert them immediately. You should see a red alert symbol at the top of the page notifying you of any such 'revert'. But you can always go to the 'View History' tab and check if a subsequent edit has removed your own. There should be an 'edit summary' alongside it which explains why that edit was made. (further explanation to follow shortly) [[User:Nick Moyes|Nick Moyes]] ([[User talk:Nick Moyes|talk]]) 23:48, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{re|Nicole Snively}} I note [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Canadian_women&type=revision&diff=1008702999&oldid=998785090&diffmode=source these two good faith edits] were made by you, but reverted as 'Vandalism' by {{u|NoahDavid771}} just two minutes later ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Canadian_women&diff=next&oldid=1008702999&diffmode=source see here]). However, I've since appreciated that he immediately left you a clear and valid explanation for their removal on your own talk page. i.e. it was a non-neutral edit with too much of your own opinion within it.<s>I completely disagree with their initially-stated rationale, even if your comments were not as neutral as befits an encyclopaedia, as we might have wished (see answer to your follow-up question below, which explains why it was removed, and further comment from me) which I'm sure 'vandalism' as a reason was an error, so I am pinging them in the hope they will come here to explain their reasoning.</s> (The normal way we do things is to suggest that one editor goes to the reverting editor's talk page and politely asks them to explain their rationale to you for reverting. The way you have done it below in your follow-up question would never have reached that editor, <s>so I will remove it shortly) I'm sure there must be a logical explanation, and</s> I apologise if you feel your efforts were not appreciated, but removing content that doesn't fit in with our style of voice is quite common. But vandalism it certainly wasn't. Please don't let that put you off - with 6,000,000+ articles to maintain, we can all make mistakes sometimes [[User:Nick Moyes|Nick Moyes]] ([[User talk:Nick Moyes|talk]]) 23:58, 2 March 2021 (UTC) (note: I've subsequently edited this post multiple times for clarity & accuracy)
:::{{re|Nick Moyes}}, {{re|Nicole Snively}} I used the RedWarn interface to revert it and it appears I misclicked. I gave you a reason on your talk page.

== Hello NoahDavid771 ==

To NoahDavid771

I see that my contributions were rejected on February 24th. I wonder why they were rejected as I got my information from credible scholarly articles. Could this be reconsidered?

Thank you
Nicole Snively [[User:Nicole Snively|Nicole Snively]] ([[User talk:Nicole Snively|talk]]) 23:45, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello {{ping|Nicole Snively}}. For future reference, it is better to talk to your reverter on their own user talk page. You were not rejected for [[WP:RS|not having reliable sourcing]], rather, you were reverted for [[WP:NPOV|not having a neutral point of view]]. From looking at diffs, the quotes "what was forgotten by some," "It is unfortunate to think" "pivotal moment in nursing and the nurses experience" "Another significant part" are examples of some non-NPOV stuff. Please read over [[WP:NPOV]] fully to understand what we mean by ''NPOV''. Thank you! [[User:WhoAteMyButter|WhoAteMyButter]] ([[User talk:WhoAteMyButter|📨]]│[[Special:Contributions/WhoAteMyButter|📝]]) 23:56, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{re|Nicole Snively}} I seem to be making a bit of a hash of answering you, tonight. I have just noticed that you did, in fact, receive [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Nicole_Snively&type=revision&diff=1008703712&oldid=1008703573&diffmode=source this perfectly clear explanation] from the reverting editor, right after they removed your edit. Did you not see the notification that told you of a message on your userpage? My initial concerns that they thought your edit was vandalism is therefore not the case. To learn how to engage with another editor, you might with to read [[WP:PING|this page]], though just replying to that message on your user talk page should have sufficed had you needed further feedback. Best, [[User:Nick Moyes|Nick Moyes]] ([[User talk:Nick Moyes|talk]]) 00:24, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Teahouse exchange ==

The summary of what led to a previous [[Wikipedia:Teahouse/Questions/Archive_1096#Issue_with_someone_constantly_editing_an_article_with_bad_sources|Teahouse exchange]] on 23:37, 22 February can be found in the second paragraph [[User_talk:David_notMD#Teahouse_exchange|here]]. Attempted to reach out to [[User:David notMD]], but views it as as a [[Wikipedia:Drop the stick and back slowly away from the horse carcass|horsemeat]]. They do not seem understand I am trying to reach compromise with a user. [[User:Hostagecat]] had broken off from discussion after raising many concerns erroneous in nature that I think need to be examined (i.e. should [[AllMusic]] no longer be designated a reliable source under [[WP:RSMUSIC]]?) and then filed a report, which [[User:EdJohnston]] accepted without vetting if its claims were actually accurate and gave me a warning. Or perhaps they simply do not want to weight in. According to David notMD, "Content is totally outside my realm of knowledge (I'm an old white guy)". Either way, I am simply looking for a someone to serve as mediator between Hostagecat and I to enhance our communication. If you can assist in initiating a resolution or point towards the direction of an editor whose purview this falls under or is in some way interested, I would greatly appreciate it. -- [[User:Ascribe4|Ascribe4]] ([[User talk:Ascribe4|talk]]) 23:56, 2 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Ascribe4|Ascribe4]] ([[User talk:Ascribe4|talk]]) 23:57, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Ascribe4}} You may want to try [[WP:3O]], but have either of you and {{u|Hostagecat}} had a serious discussion about whatever you're arguing about? I see an attempt at [[User talk:Hostagecat#O:D Reply =]] but nothing more from there. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 00:18, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

::: {{ping|Ganbaruby}}I tried replying on their [[User talk:Hostagecat|talk page]] explaining that their claims were inaccurate. Among other things, User:Hostagecat repeatedly claimed [[AllMusic]] is [[WP:RSMUSIC|unreliable]] and that I had not provide any sources when text did in fact have a citation, at the very end of the sentence they copy/pasted from. Instead of either accepting the facts I asserted or providing a clarification for what caused them to make such false claims they based their entire revert on—perhaps there was some sort of misunderstanding—Hostagecat broke off from discussion and filed an obscurant [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Edit_warring&diff=1009083586&oldid=1009000501 report]. This complaint resulted in me receiving a warning by [[User:EdJohnston]] that I believe was undue. User:EdJohnston understandably had not been familiarized with the particularities of our conflict, accepted Hostagecat's claims without vetting if everything they said was accurate. When EdJohnston replied to me, for some reason they refrained from delving into the details I gave and instead turned their attention towards the 3rr and my earlier speculation that User:Hostagecat potentially might have been a sock, even though I had already stated Hostagecat [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ascribe4&diff=prev&oldid=1008352127 has clarified] they are not and that I assume [[WP:Assume good faith|good faith]] and believe them. EdJohnston has since moved on to other tasks without touching on the specific issues that I presented and has yet to respond to my request for assistance. --[[User:Ascribe4|Ascribe4]] ([[User talk:Ascribe4|talk]]) 17:01, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== How to completely, thoroughly, totally, and permanently delete a Wikipedia account? ==

How to completely, thoroughly, totally, and permanently delete a Wikipedia account? [[User:Ala.academics|Ala.academics]] ([[User talk:Ala.academics|talk]]) 00:32, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Ala.academics}} While accounts themselves cannot be deleted, you can be renamed and have your user pages removed. See [[WP:DELETEACCOUNT]]. [[User:WhoAteMyButter|WhoAteMyButter]] ([[User talk:WhoAteMyButter|📨]]│[[Special:Contributions/WhoAteMyButter|📝]]) 00:34, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== How do I insert a logo from Chinese Wikipedia into English Wikipedia? ==

I'm trying to conveniently move the logo for [[Initium Media]] from the Chinese Wikipedia equivalent to English Wikipedia version of the page. Is there an easy and convenient way to do this or do I have to start the process all over again? Here is the link to the logo:
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Initium_Media_logo.svg [[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 00:35, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Tyrone Madera}} I recommend you download the logo to your computer, and then use [[Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard]] to upload it to the English Wikipedia. Happy editing! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 00:45, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{ping|GoingBatty}} Wouldn't this require filling out the template all over again? Can I copy the answers from the Chinese wiki template? [[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 01:18, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Tyrone Madera}} [[:File:Initium Media logo.svg]] looks correct to me. Good work. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 01:38, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{ping|GoingBatty}} Thanks! :) [[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 01:39, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

==Population statistics==
{{FYI|Added section header. [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 00:45, 3 March 2021 (UTC)}}
I've noticed usually every year each city/county in the [[United States]] gets a updated estimated population statistic but I noticed in 2020 [[Los Angeles|city of Los Angeles]] and [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]] have not, nor has [[New York City]]. Could the pandemic be a reason why? Does anyone know when the statistics will update? [[User:Hgh1985|Hgh1985]] ([[User talk:Hgh1985|talk]]) 00:43, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Hgh1985}} If you didn't know, there was [[2020 United States census|a census held that year]], and processing was delayed due to COVID-19. Other users can correct me, but I don't think that data is available yet. If it is available, it's just a case that nobody's taken up the task of updating the figures. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 01:50, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Why accounts themselves cannot be deleted? ==

Why accounts themselves cannot be deleted? [[User:Ala.academics|Ala.academics]] ([[User talk:Ala.academics|talk]]) 00:43, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Ala.academics}} Please read the link I sent you in the above post you made. It says why. [[User:WhoAteMyButter|WhoAteMyButter]] ([[User talk:WhoAteMyButter|📨]]│[[Special:Contributions/WhoAteMyButter|📝]]) 00:53, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Digitics247 ==

 [[User:RealShivaaa|RealShivaaa]] ([[User talk:RealShivaaa|talk]]) 03:12, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|RealShivaaa}} Welcome to the Teahouse! Do you have a question about Wikipedia! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 04:13, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:{{ping|RealShivaaa}}, you have created [[Draft:Digitics247]], which is a blatant advertisement for a company, and which therefore should be deleted. This is an encyclopedia, not a PR outlet. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 04:41, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::<s>{{ping|Hoary}} I think these things should be brought up on the User talkpages or elsewhere, and not at the Teahouse unless brought up by the user or directly related to their statements and/or questions. This user literally hasn't said anything, so the comment comes across as aggressive.[[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 05:54, 3 March 2021 (UTC)</s>
:::RealShivaaa titled the section Digitics247, so in my opinion the question was implied and Hoary's reply warranted. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 08:51, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{ping|David notMD}} True, you have a valid point.<s> I've retracted my earlier statement.</s> I didn't even notice the title when I left my comment. I apologize for any damage I've potentially caused. [[User:Tyrone Madera|Tyrone Madera]] ([[User talk:Tyrone Madera|talk]]) 18:19, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== How do I improve my article? ==

Hi, my article has been rejected twice and I am afraid of publishing it the third time. I added references as requested, changed the write-up but still got rejected. Please give me feedback on what I need to change here's the link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Grant_Proposal_Video#Grant_proposal_videos_are_videos_versions_of_written_proposals_used_by_nonprofits_to_raise_funds_for_their_projects.

Thanks so much! [[User:Videos4world|Videos4world]] ([[User talk:Videos4world|talk]]) 06:12, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:The primary purpose of this draft seems to be giving advice. Giving advice isn't something that Wikipedia does. It just recycles published facts from reliable sources. So the draft shouldn't say for example "A proposal video should have a mission statement of its organisation within the storyline" (my emphasis), as it now does; instead it should say for example {{DarkRed|Three studies found that around 80% of successful proposal videos submitted to grant organizations in northwest Europe from 2016 to 2019 had mission statements whereas 60% of unsuccessful proposal videos did not.[1][2][3]}}, with each of those three index numbers pointing to a study published in a (non-vanity) academic journal or similar. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 08:09, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

==Wikipedia as a source==
What if the only other source is Wikipedia? [[User:Jajajay|Jajajay]] ([[User talk:Jajajay|talk]]) 06:42, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:If the only potential sources for a particular subject are in Wikipedia, then it's not a subject that can have an article in Wikipedia. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 07:32, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Https issues ==

I was changing links from http to https on Cleveland, Tennessee, and when i tried to publish it, it said a link to a blacklisted site had been added. The problem is, i didn't add a link. All i did was change http to https. Any ideas on what to do about this. [[User:Chewie1138|Chewie1138]] ([[User talk:Chewie1138|talk]]) 07:02, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:That's odd indeed. What's the page you want to link? (You can write it out here like "https :// www. spamcornucopia. com/ nigerianmillions .html".) -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 07:35, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{re|Hoary}} it was https:// www.city-data .com/zipmaps/Cleveland-Tennessee.html, based on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=spamblacklist&user=Chewie1138&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B%5D=newusers the spam blacklist log] [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 09:13, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Confession: I'd never heard of (or had forgotten about) this blacklist log. Well, {{U|Chewie1138}}, city-data [[Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Perennial_sources#Advameg|wouldn't be worth linking to]] even if doing so were technically possible. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 11:24, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Watchlist ==

Hello everybody, I had fun looking at watchlist stuff, including the [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Most-watched pages|1000 most watched pages]], ''Rawe ki te kite [[Little Barrier Island|Te Hauturu-o-Toi]]''. My question is, are there pages no-one watches? Should they be listed at the "things to do" sort of pages. [[User:Brunswicknic|Brunswicknic]] ([[User talk:Brunswicknic|talk]]) 07:19, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Such pages do indeed exist. There are thousands of them, but the vast majority aren't obviously important -- they're the talk pages of IPs that were only fleetingly active, and suchlike. There are currently under a hundred unwatched ''articles'', I believe. The list is visible to administrators. If you'd like to see it, become an administrator! (If it seems a perk of the job, well, there are very few such perks. No chauffeured limos, no country club memberships....) [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 07:44, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Hello {{u|Brunswicknic}}. Yes, you can watch some obscure pages that have had zero activity for 18 years if you want. But what's the point of that? [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 08:30, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:::{{u|Hoary}} I'm surprised you think there are under a hundred unwatched articles out of 6.3 million articles. I think several thousand is more likely, but we don't identify them as that would encourage vandalism of unwatched articles.--[[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]]|[[User talk:Shantavira|feed me]] 11:15, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
{{u|Shantavira}} Good point, though not sure vandals will be looking at some sort of "things to do" list. I suppose my point is not that I particularly want to increase my watchlist, but that if nobody is watching an article, it may well be open to vandalism. I do acknowledge that there are some good anti-vandal bots out there, many many thanks to the people who made and maintain them. Though if {{u|Hoary}} is right, then yes gosh, only a hundred, it's not much. And I know what a tough job, hard work, adminship is, and I thank all those admins who maintain and improve WP and keep us dilettante editors from getting carried away. [[User:Brunswicknic|Brunswicknic]] ([[User talk:Brunswicknic|talk]]) 11:26, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Brunswicknic}} Administrators can see [[Special:UnwatchedPages]]. It was last updated two days ago and shows 95 articles. All I examined were created in the last month and have 1 watcher now (not me), so somebody may be going through the list to watch them. Administrators can see the number of page watchers when others only see "Fewer than 30 watchers", e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurukavak&action=info here]. "Add pages I create and files I upload to my watchlist" at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist]] is enabled by default so most pages have one watcher from the beginning. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 11:41, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{ping|PrimeHunter}} Thank you very much, that is good to know. Again I thank the admins, but also those who set up (no doubt after lots of trial and a little bit of error) such a system. [[User:Brunswicknic|Brunswicknic]] ([[User talk:Brunswicknic|talk]]) 03:12, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Talk ==

I am trying to respond back to the individual on talk but am unsure how to respond back. How do I respond back to the individual on his talk in order to prove that the correction was made for approval? [[User:Aletahall2021|Aletahall2021]] ([[User talk:Aletahall2021|talk]]) 07:45, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{Reply to|Aletahall2021}} In order to send a [[WP:NOTIFICATION|notification]], you have to link that person's username ''and'' sign in the same edit. I've done so in this response to you. Go into source editing mode and look at how I use [[Template:Reply to]] and try the same. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 08:02, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Loveable_lion ==

Hello, please can you tell me how to put a jpg file/picture on an edit you've done?

Many thanks [[User:Loveable lion.gurl|Loveable lion.gurl]] ([[User talk:Loveable lion.gurl|talk]]) 09:22, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|Loveable lion.gurl}} [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|A fancy image description]] (check the source code on how its done) See also [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]]. [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 09:27, 3 March 2021(UTC)

Thank you Victor Schmidt for helping me on my editing journey!
And telling me the answer to my question

Many thanks — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Loveable lion.gurl|Loveable lion.gurl]] ([[User talk:Loveable lion.gurl#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Loveable lion.gurl|contribs]]) 09:34, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Adding a link to a name in an infobox in Visual Editor ==

Hello! I work for Ben-Gurion University and am editing their page for the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Blaustein_Institutes_for_Desert_Research
How do I add a link to the name of the director in the infobox in Visual Editor? [[User:BIDR74|BIDR74]] ([[User talk:BIDR74|talk]]) 10:17, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|BIDR74}}, welcome to the Teahouse - I have done it for you as an example, for further edits please have a look at [[H:L]]. [[User:CommanderWaterford|CommanderWaterford]] ([[User talk:CommanderWaterford|talk]]) 10:24, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you! — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:BIDR74|BIDR74]] ([[User talk:BIDR74#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/BIDR74|contribs]]) 10:27, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

:Hello, {{U|BIDR74}}, and welcome to the Teahouse. If you work for the university and are editing any articles connected with them, then you are reagarded by Wikipedia as a [[WP:paid editor|paid editor]], and you '''must''' make the declarations specified at that link. You should also read about editing with a [[WP:conflict of interest|conflict of interest]]. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 12:02, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== change ==

When will the change I made to Lazlo Lorand biography, which is noted on the edited page version, appear on the main and first page of his biography [[User:Martinsugarman16|Martinsugarman16]] ([[User talk:Martinsugarman16|talk]]) 11:20, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello {{u|Martinsugarman16}}, your edits were reverted due to incorrect format by another editor. As such they will not appear of the main and/or first page of his biography. [[User:SenatorLEVI|'''Senator''']][[User talk:SenatorLEVI|'''LEVI''']] 11:46, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hello, {{U|Martinsugarman16}}, and welcome to the Teahouse and to Wikipedia. Your edit was in good faith, but there were some things wrong with it. I think it was rather unkind of both {{U|KIENGIR}} (who reverted your edits) and {{U|SenatorLEVI}} above not to give a clear explanation to a new editor. You added information to an article, and gave a citation: well done! That's better than many new editors manage to do. KIENGIR's objection was that you hadn't put the citation in a proper format as explained at [[WP:REFB|REFB]].
:I have now reapplied your edit, but with some changes:
:* I have not put it in the lead section, but in the biography section, where I trhink it is more appropriate
:* I have formatted the reference as a proper citation. I don't think that KIENGIR was right to have reverted for this reason, but the fact that you didn't give full bibliographic information, so that a reader ten years hence would be able to track it down, is a problem.
:* I have removed the mention of his being Jewish, mostly because that was not in the source. ''All'' information in a Wikipedia article should be found in a reliable published source. Even with a source, it is not necessarily the case that this should be mentioned, and it should not in the lead unless it is significant to the subject's notability: see [[WP:CONTEXTBIO|CONTEXTBIO]]. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 12:34, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{U|ColinFine}},
::I have to completely refuse to judge me being "unkind", neither it holds for SenatorLEVI. The edit log proves that ("please.."). I considered better than just put a cn tag, and I wished to see especially the source for veification. However, thank you for fixing it.([[User:KIENGIR|KIENGIR]] ([[User talk:KIENGIR|talk]]) 12:45, 3 March 2021 (UTC))
:::Hello, {{U|KIENGIR}}. I did not say you were impolite (you were not) I said that both you and SenatorLevi were unkind in not explaining clearly to a new user just what was wrong with his edit. Your edit summary said "please use proper source format" without an explanation or a link to find out what the proper source format was - similarly Levi's comment above; and you didn't post anything on his talk page. Many new users don't realise that they can look at the history and see edit comments. I don't know if Martinsugarman16 knew to look, but his question above suggests that he wasn't aware that somebody had manually reverted his edit: if so, then he certainly wouldn't have seen your edit summary. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 14:39, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{U|ColinFine}},
::::still reject being unkind, I did not investigate the user's background, I had zero negative intention, and ''please'' excludes the possibility not just being unkind, but even negligent. However, next time I will cite in the edit log a WP guideline/rule, so noone may say I did not give sufficient information.([[User:KIENGIR|KIENGIR]] ([[User talk:KIENGIR|talk]]) 14:45, 3 March 2021 (UTC))

== Sandbox ==

How do i go about a sandbox? [[User:Rmesiwotso|Rmesiwotso]] ([[User talk:Rmesiwotso|talk]]) 11:23, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Click on [[User:Rmesiwotso/Sandbox|this link]], edit, save. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 11:26, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi [[User:Rmesiwotso|Rmesiwotso]], welcome to the Teahouse. I see you already created [[User:Rmesiwotso/sandbox]] before posting. That is the page linked on "Sandbox" at the top of pages so I recommend using that and not Rmesiwotso's /Sandbox link. Please clarify your question. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 11:49, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Richard Baker (1962 businessman) ==
{{courtesy link|Richard Baker (British businessman, born 1962)}}

Good morning, I have been trying to update my boss's Wiki entry. I first tried using a new account I set up for him (Richard Andrew Baker), made the changes, published, and a few hours noticed that it had reverted to the old version. I didn't understand why. I then set up a new account for me (KimberleyKitten), re-amended the entry and the same thing happened. The Luke that is mentioned in some of the communications, is an IT friend of mine who was trying to help me. Basically, Mr Baker's entry isn't changing much at all, just that his roles are being put in to chronological order. Could someone advise on how to update and retain the amended entry; ie what I need to change or alter, thank you. I copied and pasted the revised entry so I could refer to it myself if necessary, <s>this is copied below in case it is of any help</s>:
 [[User:KimberleyKitten|KimberleyKitten]] ([[User talk:KimberleyKitten|talk]]) 12:01, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hi {{u|KimberleyKitten}}. You and perhaps your boss might be misunderstanding some important things about Wikipedia. So, I strongly suggest you carefully read the following pages before you (or anyone else who might be connected to your boss) try and edit the article about him any further: [[:Wikipedia:Conflict of interest]], [[:Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure]], [[:Wikipedia:Ownership of content]] and [[:Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons#Relationship between the subject, the article, and Wikipedia]]. If after doing so you have any questions, feel free to come back and ask them here at the Teahouse. — [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 12:16, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Hi {{u|KimberleyKitten}}. Your edits were reverted because of various style issues - but more importantly: since you have a [[WP:COI|conflict of interest]] with the subject of an article - you should only [[WP:COIREQ|make an Edit Request on the article's talk page]]. (also, rather than copypasting large amounts of text into the Teahouse, please use the [[Help:My sandbox|sandbox]] in future). --[[:User:Paul Carpenter|Paul]] ❬[[:User talk:Paul Carpenter|talk]]❭ 12:23, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

{{fyi|Merged related sections. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:41, 3 March 2021 (UTC)}}
Hi, thanks for getting back to me. Having tried to understand the limitations, it isn't obvious to me why some of what we have amended is not allowed, there is a small amount of additional information, and the rest of the roles have been put in to a new chronological order. I also didn't copy and paste anything in to the entry when amending, I just kept a copy of it for my file. Can anyone tell me what to do in layman's terms? Many thanks, kind regards, Kimberley [[User:KimberleyKitten|KimberleyKitten]] ([[User talk:KimberleyKitten|talk]]) 14:28, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|KimberleyKitten}} Because you have a conflict of interest, you are discouraged from editing the article directly since it's very hard for you to remain in a [[WP:NPOV|neutral point of view]]. You should instead make [[WP:COIREQ|edit requests]] at the talk page; instructions are in the link. Also, please continue the discussion in the same section; it helps other editors keep track of prior replies. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:41, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::In addition, per the message left on your Talk page "You are required by the Wikimedia Foundation's terms of use to disclose your employer, client, and affiliation with respect to any contribution which forms all or part of work for which you receive, or expect to receive, compensation." See [[WP:PAID]] for how to declare that on your User page. Sam would apply to Luke. Per what Ganbaruby wrote, you are prohibited from editing the article directly. Instead, specifically worded content is to be proposed on the Talk page of the article, so that a non-involved editor can decide to implement or not. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 14:53, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

==Table==
First round of discussion about 'Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?' in relation to Wikipedia article titles has been initiated at following talk pages.

Since I had promised at this notice board to keep informed hence a discussion invitation message.

Why at multiple talk pages, because 1) it is just initial first round only 2) to reach out a more people over a long long period.

Please do join in discussions, Thanks and regards [[User:Bookku|Bookku]] ([[User talk:Bookku|talk]]) 12:03, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!First round of discussion about 'Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?' in relation to Wikipedia article titles.
|-
|[[Talk:Islamic art#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Islamic art]]
|-
|[[Talk:Islamic dietary laws#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Islamic dietary laws]]
|-
|[[Talk:Islamic culture#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Islamic culture]]
|-
|[[Talk:Women in Islam#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Women in Islam]]
|-
|[[Talk:Apostasy in Islam#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Apostasy in Islam]]
|-
|[[Talk:List of former Muslims#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:List of former Muslims]]
|-
|[[Talk:Islamic Golden Age#Difference between Muslim .... and Islamic .... ?|Talk:Islamic Golden Age]]
|}

:This seems to be more appropriate for WikiProjects like [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Islam|WikiProject Islam]]. —[[User:Tenryuu|Tenryuu 🐲]] ( [[User talk:Tenryuu|💬]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tenryuu|📝]] ) 12:17, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Chapter One: The Hellfire Club ==
I have written an article about the first episode of Season Four of Stranger Things. It was declined for not having any references (fair enough). I have now added eighteen refrences. When will it be reviewed? And when will it be published? (if you think it is good enough) [[Special:Contributions/146.199.189.161|146.199.189.161]] ([[User talk:146.199.189.161|talk]]) 12:39, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. As noted on your draft, "This may take 4 months or more, since drafts are reviewed in no specific order. There are 4,787 pending submissions waiting for review." You will need to be patient. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 12:40, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
I am just wondering though, because it has been reviewed before, and I have now added eighteen references, if one of the Teahouse editors could review it? Cheers.

:I'm afraid that's not how it works. There is no deadline, and in any case, folk are more likely to take a look if you provide a link. I noticed that the first sentence of your draft contains the word "upcoming" which is something of a red flag to reviewers. While you're waiting you might usefully be reading [[WP:UPCOMING]].--[[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]]|[[User talk:Shantavira|feed me]] 13:26, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::Teahouse volunteers are not necessarily draft reviewers (a few are). The system is not a queue - reviewers select what they want to review. So, could be days, weeks, or (sadly) months.[[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 13:51, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
This is the link as requested: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Chapter_One:_The_Hellfire_Club — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/146.199.189.161|146.199.189.161]] ([[User talk:146.199.189.161#top|talk]]) 14:03, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

:But I can tell you that a draft which suddenly spouts eighteen references, the first twelve of which don't appear to relate the subject, and the next two are to Twitter and Instagram, doesn't inspire much confidence that it is worth a reviewer spending any time on your draft. One of the first things a reviewer does - mirroring the absolutely first thing an article writer should do - is look for the three or four references that are [[WP:RS|reliable]], [[WP:I|independent]] and give [[WP:significant coverage|significant coverage]] to the subject of the article (not to the series it belongs to). There may be such sources among your eighteen, but if I were a reviewer, I would probably do what I've just done, and conclude that it wasn't worth my time wading through the rest of them looking for evidence of notability. Note in particular that it is very rarely worth adducing more than one source for a particular point, and when a writer does so it often suggests that they are struggling to find satisfactory references for the rest. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 14:54, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] If you look back through the references, the first nine are about the cast of the episode and the next eight are about the season and the title's announcement. I would say these are references to do with the episode. Reading these, you would know the history behind the season and episode, and the cast. But what do you want me to do with the draft, if it isn't worth a reviewer looking through it? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/146.199.189.161|146.199.189.161]] ([[User talk:146.199.189.161#top|talk]]) 15:08, 3 March 2021 (UTC)[[Special:Contributions/146.199.189.161|146.199.189.161]] ([[User talk:146.199.189.161|talk]]) 09:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== help pls ==

i got perm banned from test wiki [[User:Skid and Pump|Skid and Pump]] ([[User talk:Skid and Pump|talk]]) 13:46, 3 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Skid and Pump|Skid and Pump]] ([[User talk:Skid and Pump|talk]]) 13:46, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Skid and Pump}} You are not currently blocked at all. Public sandboxes like [[Wikipedia:Sandbox]] get cleared by a bot regularly. You have your own personal sandbox at [[User:Skid and Pump/sandbox]], which is not cleared. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:29, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{re|Ganbaruby}} They are not blocked on en-wp, but they are indeed blocked on test-wp by {{U|Koavf}} (see [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=&user=&page=User%3ASkid+and+Pump&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B%5D=newusers log]). I see no warning on their talk page beforehand, so one might argue it is a bit harsh; but then again, stuff like [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Undefined_undefined&diff=prev&oldid=468328 this] looks like they are testing how to make efficient vandalism, which we should probably not encourage. [[User:Tigraan|Tigraan]][[User talk:Tigraan|Click here to contact me]] 14:38, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Huh, TIL that's a thing. My bad. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:44, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== A Moral Quandary ==

Hello, everyone!
I am a recently extended-confirmed editor on Wikipedia. Recently, a nonprofit organization that I work with in my personal life called [[VoteRiders]] sent out an email coincidentally asking for volunteers to help them with their Wikipedia page. I signed up because I enjoy editing Wikipedia, and they only recently reached out to me with the details of what they actually want to do. Their goal is to get more WikiLinks to VoteRiders in other pages of Wikipedia so that it is easier for their organization to be discovered – for instance, because the actress [[Amy Schumer]] volunteers with them, they would like to have a mention and WikiLink included on her page (but they can't do it themselves because the page is extended-confirmed).

The project felt innocent at first, but now I'm starting to wonder if it's unethical – even though some of the WikiLinks that they want to put in actually feel like notable additions to the articles, it seems wrong for an organization with stake in the matter to have control over what content goes in or stays out. Additionally, although I don't have any financial ties to the organization, my personal support for them makes me feel that it would be hard to make decisions around this in an unbiased way. Does anyone have any guidance on what I should do? And if the project is unethical, what course of action should I advice to the people at VoteRiders who contacted me in the first place?
Thank you! [[User:Kokopelli7309|Kokopelli7309]] ([[User talk:Kokopelli7309|talk]]) 13:54, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{u|Kokopelli7309}}. My suggestion would be to try and explain yourself or get the VoteRider people to read [[:WP:NOT]], [[:WP:OWN]], [[:WP:COI]], [[:WP:PAID]], [[:WP:NOBLE]] and [[:WP:NORG]] because it sounds like they are misunderstanding some things about Wikipedia. You might also get them to look at [[:WP:ALTERNATIVE]] because there are probably better and easier ways for them to achieve their objective of getting more exposure for their organization. — [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 14:21, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Kokopelli7309}}, it may not be an issue here, but you could mention ''[https://www.seroundtable.com/google-links-wikipedia-seo-29996.html Google: Links From Wikipedia Does Nothing For Your Site & Has No SEO Value]'' [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 18:14, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

::It might be worth mentioning that the article talk page has old discussions about conflict of interest. At least one past editor disclosed a COI, and a few [[WP:SPA]]s appear in the edit history. --[[User:Drm310|Drm310]] 🍁 ([[User talk:Drm310|talk]]) 19:13, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

I'm not a host but i can help. I agree with user marchjuly's above reply. I would day that would be the best course of action. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Chewie1138|Chewie1138]] ([[User talk:Chewie1138#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Chewie1138|contribs]]) 20:10, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

== Can't find Draft in pending AfC submissions ==

Has this [[Draft:Shama_(Magazine)|draft]] been submitted for review? I cannot find it in the AfC Pending submissions list but the draft page has the subst:submit template. Thank you! --[[User:Indianite|Indianite]] ([[User talk:Indianite|talk]]) 14:00, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Indianite}} It's there. See also [[:Category:AfC pending submissions by age/0 days ago]]. There's a lot of pending submissions, and they are not reviewed in any particular order, so please be patient! [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:24, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Ah thank you. I'm really sorry. I only checked the [[:Category:AfC_submissions_by_date/02 March 2021]] page which didn't list the draft. --[[User:Indianite|Indianite]] ([[User talk:Indianite|talk]]) 14:32, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::: {{ping|Indianite}} Funny enough, it's there too, just on page two. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:37, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::: I guess today's just not my day :) --[[User:Indianite|Indianite]] ([[User talk:Indianite|talk]]) 14:42, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Three reverts rule ==

If any editor is vandalising a page continuously and I am reverting it and at last I revert the third time then also that editor vandalises that page again, then what should I do as I it would be againt the tree revert rule, if I see that after two hour also no one has reverted that vandalism then what to do? [[User:ExclusiveEditor|ExclusiveEditor]] ([[User talk:ExclusiveEditor|talk]]) 14:32, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|ExclusiveEditor}} Reverting obvious vandalism (must be indisputable) is exempt from the three revert rule; see [[WP:NOT3RR]]. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 14:35, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Wikipedia article in another language ==

I have been working on a article and there is a more detailed version on the Norwegian wiki. I was wondering if a translated version could be transferred to the English wiki and then copy edited and changed up? Is this allowed and If so does this require a professional editor? Here are the articles both English and Norwegian,https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egil_Svartdahl and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egil_Svartdahl.
? [[User:Gandalf the Groovy|Gandalf the Groovy]] ([[User talk:Gandalf the Groovy|talk]]) 14:58, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Translating from other languages [[WP:Translation|is allowed]], but the caveat is that you must link to the original article's edit history to satisfy [[WP:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License|Wikipedia's licensing]]. Note that notability and sourcing standards are not 1:1 between different Wikipediae, so you will need to familiarise yourself with [[WP:Notability]] and [[WP:Reliable sources]]. —[[User:Jéské Couriano|A little blue Bori]] [[User talk:Jéské Couriano|v^_^v]] [[Special:Contributions/Jéské Couriano|Takes a strong man to deny...]] 15:53, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Fandom encyclopedia? ==

Is Fandom.org basically an online encyclopedia like Wikipedia but with more detailed articles on television cartoon series? It seems many shows have their own dedicated "mini encyclopedias" within the website itself. [[Special:Contributions/47.150.227.254|47.150.227.254]] ([[User talk:47.150.227.254|talk]]) 15:01, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:Essentially. Fandom started life as [[Wikia]]. —[[User:Jéské Couriano|A little blue Bori]] [[User talk:Jéské Couriano|v^_^v]] [[Special:Contributions/Jéské Couriano|Takes a strong man to deny...]] 15:51, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Off Wiki discussions ==

I was hoping for some clarity on off wiki discussions. I see this page: [[Wikipedia:Off-wiki_policy_discussion]] which makes it clear that not all discussions need to occur on-wiki. But also see this page: [[Wikipedia:Canvassing]] which warns against off-wiki communication. It seems like the dividing line is whether you are trying to rally people towards a goal or just getting the word out of an ongoing discussion so people can participate. So in this vein, off-wiki posting about the edits you make should be fine, since you're not attempting to change anyone's mind. You are simply writing a public diary in a way. Please let me know if my understanding is incorrect. Thanks [[User:Nweil|Nweil]] ([[User talk:Nweil|talk]]) 16:33, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:I have to say that I don't know how current that essay is, it was written in 2006. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 18:09, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{re|Nweil}} The specific forum matters as well. For example, posting about a discussion on [[Black Lives Matter]] will have a very different effect posted on [[Parler]] versus [[Facebook]]. In general, if you are forum shopping to get a favorable discussion anywhere, on or off wiki, it will hurt your standing in any discussion. People will probably find out, and might even report the canvassing on the administrator's noticeboard. Unless the venue is clearly neutral, best to use more common procedures such as posting on project pages, talk pages or using [[Wikipedia:Requests for comment]]. [[User:Timtempleton|TimTempleton]] [[User talk:Timtempleton|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Timtempleton|(cont)]] 19:51, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::The Forum Shopping page [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#FORUMSHOP]] specifically relates to on-wiki discussion ("noticeboards", "talk pages", "administrators" or "reviewers") not about social media venues. With regards to canvassing, it seems you are referring to the stealth canvassing section. Again, that section specifically relates to ''persuading'' people. Posting about an edit or discussion is not necessarily persuasion regardless of the forum it is posted in. That would seem to require a call to action, no? [[User:Nweil|Nweil]] ([[User talk:Nweil|talk]]) 20:35, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Fixing a draft article ==

I am working on draft article and I've now realized it has the wrong name and I cannot correct it. I was wondering if there was a way to fix it or do I have to create a new draft page? [[User:Jediaj02|Jediaj02]] ([[User talk:Jediaj02|talk]]) 16:39, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Jediaj02}} I would leave a note for potential reviewers that the title is incorrect; if accepted, the reviewer will place it at the proper title. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 16:43, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Why was one of my contributions reverted by an unregistered user? ==

In the page for a incredibox, i added a timeline thing for all of the versions. Heres the original revision: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Incredibox&oldid=1000572682

and then some random guy removed it. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Incredibox&oldid=1003796431

Why? [[User:Lionsleeps26|Lionsleeps26]] ([[User talk:Lionsleeps26|talk]]) 16:50, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Lionsleeps26}} You added a timeline to [[Incredibox]] on 15 January and an IP deleted it without an Edit summary on 23 January. One path open to you is add it again. If deleted again, then you could start a discussion on the Talk page of the article. One issue may be that the timeline needs references to confirm the releases in the versions listed, given that the entire Musical styles section is without references. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 17:17, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:: {{u|David_notMD}}, i cant find good sources. Which is weird because its really popular on the app store. i did find [https://wellnessconclave.com/l4iy9pp5/incredibox-demo-v7-9d1e21 this article], but the entire article is kind of a bruh moment. [[User:Lionsleeps26|Lionsleeps26]] ([[User talk:Lionsleeps26|talk]]) 17:32, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::The Development section is also short on references. The whole article needs to be tagged accordingly rather than sprinkling it with 'citation needed'. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 21:35, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Can I get my old account back without email? ==

Hello. I forgot my password for my old account, [[User:KTTcontributes|KTTcontributes]]. I didn't input my email, so can anyone help? Thank you, [[User:KTTcontributesNEW|KTTNEW]] [[User talk:KTTcontributesNEW|Talk :D]] [[Special:Contributions/KTTcontributesNEW|contribz]] 18:07, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:I'm afraid not, {{U|KTTcontributesNEW}}: if there's no email, then there is no way for anybody to recover the account. All you can do is put a message on both user pages explaining and each linking to the other. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]])

Oof. Should've saved my password, but it's ok. [[User:KTTcontributesNEW|KTTNEW]] [[User talk:KTTcontributesNEW|Talk :D]] [[Special:Contributions/KTTcontributesNEW|contribz]] 18:18, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|KTTcontributesNEW}} {{ec}} No, unfortunally not. If you hadn't set an email, there is no way to recover it. [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 18:19, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::Given that you had started KTTcontributes on 1 March, just give it up for lost and continue as KTTcontributesNEW. It appears you have already recreated some of your User page decor. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 21:38, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Draft:Tony Jazz ==

Hello

Can anyone review or help me improve this draft?

Thanks [[User:Art&football|Art&football]] ([[User talk:Art&football|talk]]) 19:02, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{courtesy link|Draft:Tony Jazz}} [[User:Timtempleton|TimTempleton]] [[User talk:Timtempleton|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Timtempleton|(cont)]] 19:40, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Welcome to the Teahouse! In my opinion, the draft might be rejected, as Tony Jazz appears to be only [[WP:1E|notable for one event]]. Obama's 2012 reelection song is not exactly that ''notable'', wouldn't you think? Basically he needs to have significant coverage to deserve a Wikipedia article. See [[WP:BIO]] for details on this. I feel like it's kind of on the border here... [[User:Sungodtemple|Sungodtemple]] ([[User talk:Sungodtemple|talk]]) 13:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Rejection of my draft ==

Hello. My draft, [[Draft:Wilbur Soot|Wilbur Soot]], was recently declined due to me not addressing comments about the subject not passing the criteria at [[WP:NM]]. In actuality, I had addressed the concerns, just on the talk page, although the reviewer missed that, which is understandable, as it was the wrong place (which I know realize).

I'll lay out my argument here once again, in case that's helpful. Criteria number two at [[WP:NM]] states that subjects may be notable if one of their albums or singles have appeared on a national music chart, which the subject in question, Will Gold, has done with "[[Your New Boyfriend]]", which peaked at number 65 on the [[UK Singles Chart]]. This, in addition to additional sources existing to flesh out the article, makes the subject, in my opinion, most likely notable.

I was wondering if it was possible to get a re-review, or anything of the sorts. Thanks for any and all help. [[User:IanTEB|IanTEB]] ([[User talk:IanTEB|talk]]) 19:43, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|IanTEB}} not an AfC reviewer, but AfC doesn't own drafts. I'd say it's more likely than not to survive an AfD, so if you'd like me to publish it I'd be willing to. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 20:47, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:: Yes, that'd be very helpful. Thank you! [[User:IanTEB|IanTEB]] ([[User talk:IanTEB|talk]]) 21:01, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{u|IanTEB}} I've gone ahead and moved it to mainspace. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 23:15, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== additional facts with citations to Laszlo Lorand biography ==

I have added two further facts and citations to Laszlo's biograohy - when will they appear?? [[User:Martinsugarman16|Martinsugarman16]] ([[User talk:Martinsugarman16|talk]]) 19:52, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{re|Martinsugarman16}} Your edits at [[Laszlo Lorand]] are there now. [[User:RudolfRed|RudolfRed]] ([[User talk:RudolfRed|talk]]) 20:25, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== How can I replace an book cover image that I added? ==

How should I replace a book cover image that I added?

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Novel_Explosives.jpg

I want to delete it and use instead the redesigned book cover that's on the publisher's website.

http://zerogrampress.com/2016/10/08/novel-explosives/

Thank you! [[User:Pcaabplroa|Pcaabplroa]] ([[User talk:Pcaabplroa|talk]]) 20:06, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|Pcaabplroa}} you should upload a new file instead of overwriting that one. See [[commons:Commons:Overwriting existing files]] for the policy on this. Then, you can replace the uses of the old file with the new one in articles, but keep the old one around. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 20:43, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

::{{re|Elliot321}} I also want to delete the old file. Is that possible? [[User:Pcaabplroa|Pcaabplroa]] ([[User talk:Pcaabplroa|talk]]) 04:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:::{{re|Pcaabplroa}} perhaps, but it's discouraged. The file is under an appropriate license and there's not a good reason to delete it. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 20:55, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

::::{{re|Elliot321}} I just uploaded the new cover image. I don't think I did it in the same way because I can't remember how. Can you please tell me if this is right or how to fix it? Thank you

::::https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Novel_Explosives_by_Jim_Gauer.jpg

::::[[User:Pcaabplroa|Pcaabplroa]] ([[User talk:Pcaabplroa|talk]]) 04:21, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Pcaabplroa}}, you uploaded it to Wikipedia as non-free media. The website you took the cover from says "The text and images of this website are available for modification and reuse under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License and the GNU Free Documentation License (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts)." - and the old cover is uploaded to commons as free media under such a license.
:
:Would you like me to move the file to Commons? Since it is free media, apparently. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 04:23, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

::{{re|Elliot321}} Yes, please! I want it to be published just like the first time. [[User:Pcaabplroa|Pcaabplroa]] ([[User talk:Pcaabplroa|talk]]) 04:25, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{u|Pcaabplroa}} done.
:::
:::btw, is this your book? if so that's a conflict of interest and you might want to disclose that. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 04:33, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

::::{{re|Elliot321}} Thank you! No, it's not my book. I'm a graphic designer and contributed some of the design ideas. [[User:Pcaabplroa|Pcaabplroa]] ([[User talk:Pcaabplroa|talk]]) 04:45, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::{{u|Pcaabplroa}} ah, I see! (that's still a minor concern, depending on your involvement, but it doesn't seem like a large problem in this case) [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 04:47, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Partner to publish first Wikipedia Article - How to find one? ==

I "joined" ~ 3 yrs ago...in retirement... while researching a subject I hoped to "publish." (It relates to lots of existing content.)

I made a couple edits to related Wikipedia subjects while drafting my original article -- but that was my total actual contribution.
Actual "publishing" seemed too daunting. Learning W's arcane language...

So, I simply drafted in plain English, in the "style" of Wikipedia, but never published.
I did identify all links to existing article.
And there it sits in a word-processing format, for two years.

How do I find a someone actually edit/publish?

And where might I go for any reply? (I don't know how to use "Talk" or "Sandbox" or...
Could I just do email? Is there some way to share the content off-line as a PDF perhaps?)

Oh, and the subject is... U.S. Naval history - pre-Civil War (in case that strikes someone's interest)

My Wiki name is Richard Furwood [[User:Richard Furwood|Richard Furwood]] ([[User talk:Richard Furwood|talk]]) 22:26, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

:Save it as plain text (not in a word processing format). Copy this to the clipboard of your computer. Click on [[User:Richard Furwood/sandbox|this link]]. Paste it there. Click on "Publish changes" (which means ''save'' what you have). Then ask here about it. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 23:03, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

::Thank you. I have pictures as well and footnotes. Will convert and post as instructed in the next couple days (it may take that long to convert and purge all the formatting I did to make it "look" like a Wiki document. Appreciate whatever help, advice you can offer. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Richard Furwood|Richard Furwood]] ([[User talk:Richard Furwood#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Richard Furwood|contribs]]) 00:49, 4 March 2021 (UTC) 

:::[[File:Orval beer and orval glass.jpg|thumb|right|Here, both to fortify you and to demonstrate picture insertion, is a glass of rather good beer. (Apologies for the miscellaneous category confusions.)]]Good, {{U|Richard Furwood}}, but please do not attempt to upload any pictures until you fully understand the (necessarily stringent) legal requirements. However, you're welcome to insert pictures that are ''already'' at [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimedia Commons]. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 02:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

::::I uploaded all the plain text... but no pictures. So, the text is at the page where you sent me -- my "Sandbox?" — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Richard Furwood|Richard Furwood]] ([[User talk:Richard Furwood#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Richard Furwood|contribs]]) 02:25, 4 March 2021 (UTC) 

:::::It's at [[User:Richard Furwood/sandbox]]. Well done, {{U|Richard Furwood}}! And yes, it looks interesting. First priority: labeling subheaders as such (I've done one for you), and attaching the references to, well, what they're supposed to be attached to (I've done a bogus sample for you). Don't worry yet about the infobox or the pictures: these can come a little later. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 03:04, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:I've converted the remaining headings the best I could (I assumed the order based on the context), correct them manually if they are wrong by adding/removing a =. Don{{'}}t go below two = (''==''), and don{{'}}t go above 5. (''====='') Remember that the equals on the left must match the equals on the right! Spacing doesn't matter. [[User:WhoAteMyButter|WhoAteMyButter]] ([[User talk:WhoAteMyButter|📨]]│[[Special:Contributions/WhoAteMyButter|📝]]) 07:09, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Thank you. Thank you, both. This is beginning to look real. I will see if I can follow instructions later today... (and will try not to "break" anything!) — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Richard Furwood|Richard Furwood]] ([[User talk:Richard Furwood#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Richard Furwood|contribs]]) 17:41, 4 March 2021 (UTC) 

== First draft published ==

Good afternoon Wiki editor,
I have just published my first draft for a new page on Wiki. I haven't received a message mentioning it will be reviewed or pending for review. Have I maybe skipped a step?
Thank you! [[User:AllisonNellaF|AllisonNellaF]] ([[User talk:AllisonNellaF|talk]]) 22:57, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|AllisonNellaF}} Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. I have added the appropriate information to allow you to submit your draft for review. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 23:00, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) where could I find it?

:It's at [[Draft:Slow Shiver]]. If you submit it for review as it is, it will fail, because it doesn't cite any references. Everything that it says should come with a reference. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 23:07, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== Non-declared alleged connection ==

I am dealing with an editor who claims she is the daughter of the subject but has not given any proof. For reference the article is [[Kim S. Cameron]]. Any advice? LOMRJYO[[User:Lomrjyo|(About)]] [[Special:Contributions/Lomrjyo|(contribs)]] 23:11, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: Hi {{u|Lomrjyo}}. You can advise this editor about [[:WP:COI]], [[:WP:PSCOI]] and [[:WP:BLPSELF]] (if her parent is still living), and try to explain to her that being related to the subject of the article [[:WP:OWN|doesn't give them an special editorial control over the article]]. Try to avoid [[:WP:BITE]], and let her know there are ways like [[:WP:PSCOI#Steps for engagement]] for her to seek help from others; she needs to understand, however, that she will need follow proper procedure for things to go smoothly. You might also want to ask her to look at [[:WP:REALWORLD]] for reference as well since what she posts on Wikipedia will be there for everyone to see. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 23:25, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
::If anything, declaring that she is related to the subject would hinder her neutrality to the article, and she would be encouraged to submit [[WP:EDITREQ|edit requests]] on the article's talk page in order to contribute. —[[User:Tenryuu|Tenryuu 🐲]] ( [[User talk:Tenryuu|💬]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tenryuu|📝]] ) 03:36, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

==Music sample==
Can I sample a short section of music on a Wikipedia page without the permission of the artist/group? If so, how long is the sample allowed to be? [[User:Castilruiz|Castilruiz]] ([[User talk:Castilruiz|talk]]) 23:17, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Castilruiz}} provided it is in an article about the song, a sample of 20-30 seconds would be appropriate. The general policy on non-free content is at [[Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria]]. To upload, go to [[Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard]], select "This is a copyrighted, non-free work, but I believe it is Fair Use.", then select "This is some other kind of non-free work that I believe is legitimate Fair Use.", and finally choose the option "Sound sample of an audio recording". Be sure to fill in all the necessary fields or the file may be deleted. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 23:27, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ec}} Hi {{u|Castilruiz}}. Most audio clips are going to be considered to be protected by copyright and treated as [[:en:WP:NFC|non-free content]]. While it's not impossible to upload such clips and use them in articles, it needs to be done in accordance with [[:WP:NFCC|Wikipedia's non-free content use policy]]. You can find out some more specific details at [[:WP:NFC#Audio clips]] and [[:WP:NFC#Multimedia]]. If you have any more specific questions and can provide more specific details about the what you want to upload and where you want to use it, then it might be better for you to ask them at [[:Wikipedia:Media copyright questions]]. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 23:31, 3 March 2021 (UTC)

== I wanted to know if someone can out a the right image for Univision Canada ==

I wanted to know if someone can out a the right image for Univision Canada? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:ItsJustdancefan|ItsJustdancefan]] ([[User talk:ItsJustdancefan#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ItsJustdancefan|contribs]]) 23:37, 3 March 2021 (UTC) 

:Possibly, if that person could understand the idea of "[outing] a the right image" for [[Univision Canada]]. (Are you talking about a corporate logo?) -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 00:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Authority control ==

Hello,

I was just wondering, which articles should have {{tl|Authority control}}? I had a brief look at the docs but was wondering if I could get some clarification.

Thanks, [[User:Ritenerek|ritenerek]][[User_talk:Ritenerek|talk :)]] 23:40, 3 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Ritenerek}} See [[Wikipedia:Authority control]]. Basically, if the topic has entries in any of the catalogs in the template documentation, it would link it if Wikidata has it. You may also specify the entries manually in the template. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 00:09, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:: {{U|Ganbaruby}}, okay. Thanks, [[User:Ritenerek|ritenerek]][[User_talk:Ritenerek|talk :)]] 00:17, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== User-boxes ==

How do I make and add user boxes. I have seen them on other profile pages and I have been wanting to upgrade my user page. Any help would be appreciated. [[User:Gandalf the Groovy|Gandalf the Groovy]] ([[User talk:Gandalf the Groovy|talk]]) 00:07, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:Please see [[Wikipedia:Userboxes]] and the links therefrom. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 00:36, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== How to ==
How to completely, thoroughly, totally, and permanently delete a Wikipedia account? If not possible, why not? Please avoid wild, vague, invalid, insignificant, inappropriate, and unprofessional answers; instead, provide us with a logically and scientifically convincing, valid, and appropriate answer. Thank you.

 [[User:Ala.academics|Ala.academics]] ([[User talk:Ala.academics|talk]]) 01:12, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
How to completely, thoroughly, totally, and permanently delete a Wikipedia account? If not possible, why not? Please avoid wild, vague, invalid, insignificant, inappropriate, and unprofessional answers; instead, provide us with a logically and scientifically convincing, valid, and appropriate answer. Thank you.
:{{u|Ala.academics}} You've gotten several answers to this question on your user talk page. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 01:17, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::Per your User page, you can utilize [[Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing]] And first, you can delete all the content on your Talk page. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 03:39, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Possibly deceased ==

Hello!
I found this article, [[Stephen Totter]], and it says he died in 2019. But there is no citation. Still categorized under Living People. I don't know how this is handled when there is an apparent grey area. Can someone help? [[User:Kirby777|Kirby777]] ([[User talk:Kirby777|talk]]) 02:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:You should find some [[WP:Citing sources|reliable source]] and see if you can fix it. If not, it doesn't meet the [[WP:GNG|criteria for notability]] and should be [[WP:AFD|nominated for deletion]]. [[User:Sungodtemple|Sungodtemple]] ([[User talk:Sungodtemple|talk]]) 02:28, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::I typed his name in google, and the first result was a news article from the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reporting his death on May 25, 2019. I updated the article, but article is still mostly unsourced. [[User:Cmr08|Cmr08]] ([[User talk:Cmr08|talk]]) 02:48, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

==Upload==
Hi, how do we upload to replace an article from sandbox? [[User:Wikigetsme123|Wikigetsme123]] ([[User talk:Wikigetsme123|talk]]) 07:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Wikigetsme123}} As explained to you [[Wikipedia:Teahouse/Questions/Archive_1097#Article makeover|last time]], we would much rather you improve the current article rather than replace the current one. However, you still need to to put it bluntly, your prose inside the sandbox is not up to Wikipedia's standards. You may try to [[WP:BOLD|boldly]] edit the existing article or propose changes on the talk page. You also mentioned last time that there's another editor that you got into a disagreement with, so please head to the talk page and try to come to a consensus. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 08:50, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
Yes, thank you for the feedback. To improve 'this' short article, I would have to add 70% of text, I would consider this a rewriting. I am waiting for feedback on the talk page for weeks now, as it is, there is nobody interested. The other editor who reversed my early small change and then agreed to change it himself (so no 'disagreement anywhere' is saying, he is only part time on Wiki 9what ever that could mean to me), suggesting another editor might help. I contacted him 3 weeks ago, but no response, yet.
That is where we are... in the air. Ok, I will change it, and hope somebody comes up with suggestions without deleting it just because of.... — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Wikigetsme123|Wikigetsme123]] ([[User talk:Wikigetsme123#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Wikigetsme123|contribs]]) 23:39, 4 March 2021 (UTC) 

== Hello! ==

So I would like the option to hide images on wikipedia, I have been using the help page on the topic to replace most pictures with the battenburg pattern until clicked on and turned off article previews in my preferences. Unfourtunately however when using the searchbox images for articles still come up and still do in the "related articles" section on many page, is there any solution for this? Thanks![[User:999ThingsToFix|999ThingsToFix]] ([[User talk:999ThingsToFix|talk]]) 07:38, 4 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:999ThingsToFix|999ThingsToFix]] ([[User talk:999ThingsToFix|talk]]) 07:38, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== AfC submission and no COI declaratoin ==

Hi there, I have a predicament and I don't know how to go about this. My last name is Ziade, I have recently changed my user name from Elie plus to my current one. I am afraid now of being accused of COI for that. This is my problem: a while back I noticed that one of the articles on my watchlist was being written over (Philippe Ziade the journalist) I created a disambig page and moved the new page (that of a politically involved entrepreneur / consul) for other users to edit and left it at that. I regularly review articles related to the Ziades (Ignatius, Phil the journalist and May) and I came upon [[Draft:Philippe Ziade (entrepreneur)|the AfC for Philippe Ziade]] when I had thought the disambig and overwriting issue was resolved.

I have reviewed the sources for the said AfC and I have created a draft but I am reluctant to edit the AfC submission because of my fear of being accused of COI. I cannot find a tag to declare non-COI and I am here to declare that I don't use Wikipedia to promote any person with my family name. I have interest in these people but I have no relationship whatsoever with any of the Ziade article subjects on Wikipedia. Please tell me how to go about this. I also declare that I am not related to Philippe Ziade (neither the journalist nor the consul) nor affiliated to him, or his business (any of his businesses). I am not in contact with him nor with anyone from his side. I will not edit this article before hearing your counsel. [[User:Elias Ziade|_Elias Z.]] ([[User talk:Elias Ziade|talkallam]]) 07:47, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:There's no requirement that announcements of this kind must be made via template. You might write something on your user page. ¶ I note that both [[Draft:Philippe Ziade (businessman)]] and [[Draft:Philippe Ziade (entrepreneur)]] are about the same person, and that they use the same photograph: a photograph clearly taken with the cooperation of the biographee. Furthermore, the photograph first appeared for use in [[Philippe Ziade Real Estate Developer]], an article subsequently deleted as unambiguously promotional. (The new "businessman" draft says that Ziade "is the founder and chairman of Las-Vegas based Growth Holdings"; the photograph was uploaded by the user "GrowthHoldingsPZ", later blocked for promotional activities.) There seems to be something fishy about all the activity on Wikipedia surrounding Ziade, whose [[WP:PERSON|notability]] is not obvious to me. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 08:31, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:: {{u|Hoary}} I am not aware of the deleted article's edit history; I was only made aware of the article of this person when I noticed the edit conflict on the journalist's article. If the image is problematic why not delete it altogether? (For the record I don't think it's Wikipedia-appropriate because it looks like a promotional posed corporate shot, I only kept it because I saw it on the AfC page and assumed it was okay-ed). I have written an article from scratch and supplemented every primary source (interview video) with a secondary one. As for the notability issue, the person is notorious due to his alleged political connection with the ruling class, and shortly thereafter for his paradoxical refusal to participate in a cabinet dominated by [[Hezbollah|HA]] after the liquidation of a regionally influential Iranian general. After that he was targeted by what people here qualify as a vengeful smearing campaign on a political background which (I only included a part of it). Other accusations include his relationships with Lebanese singer [[Yara (singer)]] and [[Najwa Karam]], both of which are Arab divas, while being married. I found these bits of information irrelevant and ill-sourced and I did not include them in the article. Ziade is also popular among young graduates for obvious reasons. I am not responsible for paid or edits made by [[Wikipedia:Connected contributor|connected contributors]] (GrowthHoldingsPZ) or others. I raised this subject here because I worked on the article and found that there's a pending AfC. I am interested in Philip's story but I am in no way [[Wikipedia:Connected contributor|connected to him]] and refuse any insinuation of the sort. I have been here for the third of my life and I have never even considered breaching Wikipedia code and mission. [[User:Elias Ziade|_Elias Z.]] ([[User talk:Elias Ziade|talkallam]]) 09:05, 4 March 2021 (UTC)\
:: While here I would like to inquire if starting an article for an MP with the same last name as mine will raise COI questions. I am also not related or affiliated with that person (Camil Ziade). [[User:Elias Ziade|_Elias Z.]] ([[User talk:Elias Ziade|talkallam]]) 09:09, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::Given your extensive and stellar history of improving Wikipedia articles (Wow!!), I see no reason why anyone would doubt a simple declaration on your User page that you are and will be editing articles about people with the same last name as you ([[Draft:Philippe Ziade (businessman)]]), but that you have no COI with any of them. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 10:12, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{U|Elias Ziade}}, the image is fine. Its uploading and initial use raised my eyebrows; but now that it's at Commons you're free to use it. And yes, I agree with what David notMD has written immediately above. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 11:51, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::: I am sorry if anything I wrote was defensive in any way. I am very humbled by your words of encouragement {{u|David notMD}} and {{u|Hoary}} Words don't convey intentions well but I am very impassioned and I take starting and improving articles very seriously. I was afraid that my family name would impede my plans to publish more articles about known Ziades that I am not related to. Now how can I proceed? Is it possible to delete the AfC article so I can publish the draft I wrote? [[User:Elias Ziade|_Elias Z.]] ([[User talk:Elias Ziade|talkallam]]) 13:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::: There's nothing to apologize for, really. I suggest you just ignore the "entrepreneur" draft. As for the "businessman" draft, unfortunately I don't read Arabic (and don't trust Google Translate) so can't judge whether your man is notable (in the odd sense that the word is used here in Wikipedia). Unfortunately it's past my bedtime and my brain cells are dying even as I type, so I just hope that {{U|David notMD}} (or somebody else) will give you an intelligent response. -- [[User:Hoary|Hoary]] ([[User talk:Hoary|talk]]) 13:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

Given your Wikipedia experience, I suggest you avoid AfC and just promote [[Draft:Philippe Ziade (businessman)]] to article status. However, the draft is a bit 'fluffy', and could use trimming. I did some. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 14:18, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Fluffy describes it well lol. I will do that thank you for your time everybody. [[User:Elias Ziade|_Elias Z.]] ([[User talk:Elias Ziade|talkallam]]) 14:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== process of providing the copyrights for my company page ==

what is the process of having Wikipedia copyright for the magazine page? What documents I have to submit and how I have to submit and where i have to submit the documents? please guide me. [[User:Sauravgupta7297|Sauravgupta7297]] ([[User talk:Sauravgupta7297|talk]]) 08:43, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|Sauravgupta7297}} Is this about [[:File:1 feb 2021 edition cover.jpeg]]? A magazine cover is considered a [[WP:NFCI|non-free image]], meaning that we can only use a low-resolution version for identification purposes only, given that a Wikipedia article exists in the first place. This is known as [[fair use]], and you don't need to release copyright for that. However, since no article uses the image, it will be deleted. Also, when you upload a non-free image, do not tag it as public domain or any other license that it is not.
: On a separate note, are you affiliated in any way with The Opinion Express Group? If so, you have a [[WP:COI|conflict of interest]]; please read that page entirely and make [[WP:PAID|relevant declarations]] before making any more edits. You are also strongly discouraged from editing anything that you have a conflict of interest with; instead, make [[WP:EDITREQ|edit requests]] on the talk page. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 08:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::This has been answered at the [[WP:HD#process of providing the copyrights for my company page|help desk]]. [[User:Victor Schmidt|Victor Schmidt]] ([[User talk:Victor Schmidt|talk]]) 09:10, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{U|Sauravgupta7297}}: please don't ask the same question in more than one place. I have just given you a lengthy answer at the Help Desk, and I am irritated at coming here and finding you have posted the same question, and engaged other editors' time as well. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 09:26, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Taking over! ==

Someone made a wiki page for me. Thanks! How do I take complete control. My name is KOKUMO. Also, how do I capitalize my name all over the page? From the header to the body.

KOKUMO
The Queen Of Queer Soul
Founder & CEO Of Born Worthy Records [[User:MommaBaker60|MommaBaker60]] ([[User talk:MommaBaker60|talk]]) 09:38, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:Sorry MommaBaker60. Nobody controls their own page on Wikipedia. We have a style for content which does not include upper case names.[[User:Charlesdrakew|Charles]] ([[User talk:Charlesdrakew|talk]]) 09:45, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:Per [[Wikipedia:Conflict of interest]] you should not edit the article directly. But you are welcome to suggest changes based on [[WP:BLP]]-good [[WP:RS]] at the talkpage, [[Talk:Kokumo]]. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 10:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::There is more information at [[WP:EDITREQ]] for the process of making edit requests on the talk page. —[[User:Tenryuu|Tenryuu 🐲]] ( [[User talk:Tenryuu|💬]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tenryuu|📝]] ) 16:17, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

=== Hi! I want to take down the wiki made of me and start fresh! ===

Can you help me do this?

KOKUMO
The Queen Of Queer Soul
Founder & CEO Of Born Worthy Records [[User:KOKUMOTheQueenOfQueerSoul|KOKUMOTheQueenOfQueerSoul]] ([[User talk:KOKUMOTheQueenOfQueerSoul|talk]]) 11:32, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|KOKUMOTheQueenOfQueerSoul}} I've replied on your user talk page. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 11:37, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:''(NB. I've merged these two sections)''. {{u|KOKUMOTheQueenOfQueerSoul}}, {{u|MommaBaker60}} - is there a reason you're using two accounts for this? We're not keen on individuals using multiple accounts without good reason, ''especially'' when navigating something like a Conflict Of Interest. --[[:User:Paul Carpenter|Paul]] ❬[[:User talk:Paul Carpenter|talk]]❭ 11:55, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:That is very unlikely to happen. I suggest you take the time to read [[WP:BLP]] and [[WP:COI]] carefully, and then make suggestions and provide sources ([[WP:RS]]) at [[Talk:Kokumo]], which is the place to discuss changes to that article. If your suggestions are inline with WP:s policies and guidelines, they may be acted upon. You don't control the article (it's WP:s article about you, not your WP-article), but it's possible you can have influence. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 12:37, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::Based on what I can find in a Google search, I don't see any way to improve on the sourcing the present article has, and the present article's sourcing is barely adequate. Any attempt at an autobiography would likely go nowhere fast. —[[User:Jéské Couriano|A little blue Bori]] [[User talk:Jéské Couriano|v^_^v]] [[Special:Contributions/Jéské Couriano|Takes a strong man to deny...]] 16:53, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
{{FYI}} Deletion discussion at [[Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Kokumo]]. --[[:User:Paul Carpenter|Paul]] ❬[[:User talk:Paul Carpenter|talk]]❭ 15:47, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Page I created has disppeared ==

A few weeks ago I created a page (titled Ran Namerode) and understood it requires several months to be approved. I looked now to check how it's doing, and now I can't find it anywhere, can someone please help me find it? [[User:Wikinamerode|Wikinamerode]] ([[User talk:Wikinamerode|talk]]) 09:47, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Wikinamerode}} You have asked this at the Help Desk, please only use one method of seeking assistance, to avoid duplication of effort. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 10:11, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{u|Wikinamerode}}, welcome to the Teahouse! This means unfortunately that your page may have been deleted however it's not permanently deleted and can be restored. Search up the exact name of your article and see if you can edit it then look in the notification bar and see if you can find the user that deleted your article and ask them further questions. [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] 12:59, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{u|SoyokoAnis}} I checked and the page has never existed, deleted or otherwise, under the title given(as well as in the Draft space). Either it's under another title, or possibly on another language version of Wikipedia. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 13:05, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{u|331dot}}, ah okay. [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] 13:08, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{re|Wikinamerode}} Looks like you wrote something about yourself on Hebrew Wikipedia. [https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:Wikinamerode/%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93 see here]. [[User:Nick Moyes|Nick Moyes]] ([[User talk:Nick Moyes|talk]]) 13:20, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== I want to write an Article about the CEO of A company ==

Hi, 
I recently searched for The CEO of Maruti Suzuki India Limited, Kenichi Ayukawa, but could not find any information about him except [[Maruti Suzuki|here]].It is stated that he is here that he is the CEO but He did not have a Page dedicated to Him. Can I create one on him? It is written on the creating your first article that I should check for notability of Topic In the Teahouse. 
Regards,  [[User:Wikiedit01995|Wikiedit]] ([[User talk:Wikiedit01995|talk]]) 12:11, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Wikiedit01995}} Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. The CEO would not necessarily have a dedicated article(not just a "page") about him, unless there is significant coverage in independent [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] about him personally, and not just having to do with his job. If all the coverage about him is just related to his being the CEO, he probably would not merit a standalone article, as he would not meet the Wikipedia definition of [[WP:BIO|a notable person]]. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 12:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|331dot}} Thanks, Will keep these things in mind.
:Regards,
:[[User:Wikiedit01995|Wikiedit01995]]

:{{Ping|Wikiedit01995}}, to determine the gentleman's notability, which must be separate from the corporation's notability you need to find material about him written by others.
:He is a living person. For a living person we have a high standard of referencing. Every substantive fact you assert, especially one that is susceptible to potential challenge, requires a citation with a reference that is ''about them'', and is ''independent of them'', and ''is in [[WP:RS]]'', and is ''significant coverage''. Please also see [[WP:PRIMARY]] which details the limited permitted usage of primary sources and [[WP:SELFPUB]] which has clear limitations on self published sources. Providing sufficient references, ideally one per fact cited, that meet these tough criteria is likely to make this draft a clear acceptance (0.9 probability). Lack of them or an inability to find them is likely to mean that the person is not suitable for inclusion, certainly today.
:Your approach is a process.
:#find references
:#select the facts form those references that you wish to use (you will cite the facts with those references [[WP:CITE]] is your friend here
:#Create a storyboard from those facts
:#Using [[WP:AFC]] use the article wizard to start a new draft. It is not mandatory, but it guides you
:#Write very neutral, flat prose, citing the references for the facts
:#Double check your work and submit the draft when happy
:#While awaiting review, continue to enhance your work
:Note that an inability to find references means the draft is unlikely to be accepted (0.9 probability). We want new articles here, and we try hard to maintain high standards. Welcome to a consuming new hobby [[User:Timtrent|Fiddle]] [[User talk:Timtrent|Faddle]] 12:22, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Timtrent}} Thanks for your help.
:Regards,
:[[User:Wikiedit01995|Wikiedit]] ([[User talk:Wikiedit01995|talk]]) 13:06, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
** There is an article about the chairman of the company [[R. C. Bhargava]] which you could use as a template for any draft, {{u|Wikiedit01995}}. Although that article has been around since 2014, it still debatable whether it passes the [[WP:BIO]] notability threshold, in my opinion. However you will see the sort of article Wikipedia expects as a minimum. [[User:Michael D. Turnbull|Mike Turnbull]] ([[User talk:Michael D. Turnbull|talk]]) 12:57, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
**:{{u|Michael D. Turnbull}}, Were three of the references not dead links we could probably make a better determination. I am leaning towards Bhargava being a decent gentleman doing his job well rather than having notability. I am currently 50:50 about Bhargava. [[User:Timtrent|Fiddle]] [[User talk:Timtrent|Faddle]] 13:09, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::: I agree but didn't want to go off-topic. Personally I would be pretty certain that article would not survive an [[WP:AfD]] but I'm not familiar enough with all the [[WP:BLP]] policies to be sure. Go ahead with that if you wish, {{u|Timtrent}}. [[User:Michael D. Turnbull|Mike Turnbull]] ([[User talk:Michael D. Turnbull|talk]]) 13:29, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{u|Michael D. Turnbull}}, I don't think this is a true diversion of the thread. It will be useful for {{U|Wikiedit01995}} to see a discussion such as [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/R. C. Bhargava]] because it will show what is required of an article such as this whether it be deleted or kept by the consensus which will be formed at the end of the discussion. I will be interested to see the outcome [[User:Timtrent|Fiddle]] [[User talk:Timtrent|Faddle]] 17:13, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Red Links ==

How can I find red links which are pages that don't exist. I am wondering if there is a list of them somewhere or if I have to seek them out somewhere. Any help would be appreciated. [[User:Gandalf the Groovy|Gandalf the Groovy]] ([[User talk:Gandalf the Groovy|talk]]) 13:42, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

: If they don't exist you can't find them. You can search for non-existent articles and create them. [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] - [[User talk:SoyokoAnis|talk]] 13:46, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:You can find some existing articles which have red links at [[:Category:Wikipedia red link cleanup]]. These are articles which have been tagged with the template {{tl|Cleanup red links}}. There is also [[:Category:Wikipedia red link lists]] where you might find some more red links for various genre of articles. Finally, you could also check [[:Wikipedia:Requested articles]] since you're almost certain to find some red links there. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 14:03, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:''Yes'', there is a list! - it's not regularly updated and and it's frustratingly not divisible by namespace but it is at [[Special:WantedPages]]. --[[:User:Paul Carpenter|Paul]] ❬[[:User talk:Paul Carpenter|talk]]❭ 16:08, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Article not published ==

An article written by me, is still not published. It's been close to a month. How do I gather details about its publishing?

- Sneha [[User:Sneha.s.shenoy|Sneha.s.shenoy]] ([[User talk:Sneha.s.shenoy|talk]]) 13:48, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Sneha.s.shenoy}} Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. You created the draft, [[Draft:Umar Sharif]], but it lacks the information you need to formally submit it for a review. I will shortly add that information. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 13:50, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Be advised that once you submit it, it likely will take many weeks if not months to be reviewed, due to a backlog. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 13:52, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Really weird vandalism ==

I found a really weird instance of vandalism. First he called a user an idiot [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Wings_of_Fire_(novel_series)&diff=prev&oldid=1009865970&diffmode=source here], and then he replaced the page [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Wings_of_Fire_(novel_series)&diff=next&oldid=1009865970&diffmode=source here]. I reverted it, but do I put two user warnings, or just one? And if the former, which one? Help! [[User:MEisSCAMMER|MEisSCAMMER]][[User talk:MEisSCAMMER|(talk)]]Hello! 14:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Deleting content on the Talk page of an article is indeed vandalism, so you were right to revert it. The vandalizing editor is an IP address (not a registered account). I suppose you could watch the article and the talk page to see if the editor returns, but otherwise don't bother. IP editors often show up once - edit or vandalize - and then never return. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 15:32, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Article draft ==

I am looking to write a requested article and I am not sure how. Where do I go to write a draft? [[User:Gandalf the Groovy|Gandalf the Groovy]] ([[User talk:Gandalf the Groovy|talk]]) 14:44, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello {{u|Gandalf the Groovy}}, if you're looking for requested articles you can find them [[WP:RA|here]]. If you want to created a draft just create a page in the following format ''<nowiki>Draft:Insert name of article</nowiki>''. You can then submit it to [[WP:AFC]], or move it directly to the mainspace when you're done. For a clearer image you can refer to [[WP:YFA]] and [[WP:DRAFT]]. [[User:SenatorLEVI|'''Senator''']][[User talk:SenatorLEVI|'''LEVI''']] 14:52, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::Given that this appears to be your first effort to create an article, I strongly recommend going through AfC versus moving a draft directly to mainspace. And see [[WP:YFA]]. [[User:David notMD|David notMD]] ([[User talk:David notMD|talk]]) 15:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Search history on Wikipedia app on iPhone ==

I am using the Wikipedia app to browse through Wikipedia. It really annoys me that it saves your search history. I know how to clear my search history in the app, but I would like to how to prevent the app from storing my search history so I don’t have to keep clearing it. Same goes with the article viewing history. I asked this at [[WP:VPT]] 4 days ago, but got no response. Thanks, [[User:Interstellarity|Interstellarity]] ([[User talk:Interstellarity|talk]]) 15:28, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Interstellarity}} Welcome to the Teahouse! You might find the right contact info at [[List of Wikipedia mobile applications]]. Good luck! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 03:12, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== I want to join the new page patrol. Any tips for joining? ==

Title. [[User:Colonizor48|Colonizor48]] ([[User talk:Colonizor48|talk]]) 16:05, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Colonizor48}}, This will only happen if you contribute in a nice manner for more than three months. Best ─ [[User:TheAafi|The Aafī]] [[User talk:TheAafi|(talk)]] 16:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Hi {{u|Colonizor48}}. There's a bit more to this than what The Aafī has posted above, and you can find out more details at [[:WP:NPP]]. You might also want to take a look at [[:WP:HATS]] as well since [[:WP:RIGHTS#Flags granted to users giving access to specialized functions|special user rights]] are usually only given to those that the [[:WP:COMMUNITY]] feels will not use them inappropriately or incorrectly. Some special rights do have minimum requirements, but most always require that the editors requesting the right have an established track record of making sound edits that shows they have a good understanding of relevant Wikipedia policies and guidelines. This doesn't mean that the editors can never make a mistake, but it does mean that the need to clearly demonstrate that they are [[:WP:HERE]] and are capable of learning from their mistakes. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 01:02, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== All About Reanne White ==

 [[User:Reanne White|Reanne White]] ([[User talk:Reanne White|talk]]) 16:54, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Reanne White}}, Do you any question, friend? ─ [[User:TheAafi|The Aafī]] [[User talk:TheAafi|(talk)]] 16:59, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== making additions/changes to my page ==

Dear Wiki Volunteers,
First, let me say how much I appreciate your hard work and how much I appreciate Wikipedia. That said, I was recently on a feedback board, asking for help with updating my page. I am a dinosaur and was completely confused by the directions I was given. I know it's possible to do, but it is not so clear, nor easy, to make the simplest changes. I, of course was not adding any weird, or libelous information, just updates about me and my career, and of course, since I didn't know how about the protocol of making changes, all my hard work was erased. I don't mind, but I wish I knew how to add info properly. I know I am supposed to go to the "Talk" page, and add sourced backup to any additions, but I have no idea on how and where to do that, specifically. I suppose there's no step-by-step example of how to do this? That would be super helpful!
Any way I could talk to someone about it? I certainly have source press, etc. to back up my additions/changes.
Best, Michael Holman (filmmaker) [[Special:Contributions/2603:7000:4001:E49A:3425:B428:E7E9:83F5|2603:7000:4001:E49A:3425:B428:E7E9:83F5]] ([[User talk:2603:7000:4001:E49A:3425:B428:E7E9:83F5|talk]]) 17:10, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Generally, editing your own article is discouraged. What you do instead is use edit requests. Go to [[Talk:Michael Holman (filmmaker)]]. Click "new section". Type the name of the section you want, like "requested edits to a page about me", then at the top of the section include {{tlx|Request edit}}, which will include the template. Then, write your request under it, as well as the references supporting whatever changes you'd like to be made. The clearer you are with your request, the faster it will be implemented.
:
:Also, it's not necessary but I'd suggest registering an account. [[User:Elliot321|Elliot321]] ([[User_talk:Elliot321|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elliot321|contribs]]) 17:46, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Draft:Tony Jazz ==

Hello

Could you please help by reviewing this [[Draft:Tony Jazz|draft]]?

Thanks
--[[User:Art&football|Art&football]] ([[User talk:Art&football|talk]]) 17:35, 4 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Art&football|Art&football]] ([[User talk:Art&football|talk]]) 17:35, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Please be patient. There are more than 4000 other drafts also waiting for review. [[User:RudolfRed|RudolfRed]] ([[User talk:RudolfRed|talk]]) 18:01, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Your question has already been answered above. I would add, however, that you will need to continue to improve and clarify the article for it to stand a chance of being accepted. For example, the first line says he's a "songwriter, musician and writer", but under the heading of "career" it says he's "president of the Economic and Social Development Counci" with no mention of music except at the age of seven.--[[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]]|[[User talk:Shantavira|feed me]] 19:13, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Xtools ==

Under the xtools section it has information if our small edits and large edits but only the last 5K edits is there I way ai could find out life time [[User:Fanoflionking|Fan Of Lion King 🦁]] ([[User talk:Fanoflionking|talk]]) 17:46, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: If I understand you question correctly, you can navigate to any user's page, click on the menu item to the left ("User contributions") and then, at the very bottom of the page that appears, click on "Edit count" and you should see a full breakdown for that user. Your personal one is {{cite web |url=https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/Fanoflionking |title=at this URL}} [[User:Michael D. Turnbull|Mike Turnbull]] ([[User talk:Michael D. Turnbull|talk]]) 18:08, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
Yeah done that and it says ‘’Data limited to the past 5,000 edits‘’ I wanted to know my lifetime total not just my last 5 thousand edits [[User:Fanoflionking|Fan Of Lion King 🦁]] ([[User talk:Fanoflionking|talk]]) 18:13, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Fanoflionking}} this is not possible with xtools afaik, would take too long to process. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 18:23, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Businessman Category Requirements ==

Where is a list of notability requirements for people categorized under the businessman category? Is recognition by the United Nations / The White House sourced in a major publication enough to qualify notability? [[User:Dannyocean99|Dannyocean99]] ([[User talk:Dannyocean99|talk]]) 18:11, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:There isn't a businessperson-specific subheader under [[WP:NPEOPLE]] as far as I am aware. —[[User:Jéské Couriano|A little blue Bori]] [[User talk:Jéské Couriano|v^_^v]] [[Special:Contributions/Jéské Couriano|Takes a strong man to deny...]] 18:13, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::Hello, {{u|Dannyocean99}}. I think the guidance that you are looking for is at [[WP:DEFINING]], which says: "For example, a film actor who holds a law degree should be categorized as a film actor, but not as a lawyer unless his or her legal career was notable in its own right or relevant to his acting career."

::Similarly, it is very common for highly paid professional athletes to invest in businesses. If the vast majority of coverage of the person is focused on their sports accomplishments and occasionally, somebody mentions "And person Y also owns a business," then that athlete should be added to sports categories but not business categories. [[User:Cullen328|Cullen328]] [[User talk:Cullen328|''Let's discuss it'']] 18:31, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== What should I do? ==

It appears that an edit war has been started on the page [[Daihatsu Rocky]]. User TheAafi is removing the images on that page, saying that "this is a set-index article, images should be used on particular related articles, not convenient here, MOS:DABIMG backs my argument." However, the same article also backs my argument that if a reader was looking for the F70 Rocky but didn't know the model codes or years produced, an image might help them differentiate between the F300 and A200 series Rocky. How should I go about resolving this conflict. Thanks! [[User:Sagquattro2009|Sagquattro2009]] ([[User talk:Sagquattro2009|talk]]) 19:12, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Sagquattro2009}} Set index articles don't disallow images - they're not disambiguation pages, they're lists. [[MOS:DABIMG]] doesn't apply because the page is not a disambiguation page. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 19:25, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:: sorry. It was my bad. I've closed the unnecessary edit-war related discussion. Not an edit war really. ─ [[User:AafiOnMobile|The Aafī on Mobile]] [[User talk:AafiOnMobile|(talk)]] 19:51, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Hatnote Help ==

What action do I need to take at this point for acceptance? This is the comment I received on my draft. I am confused. Should I move forward with creating a hatnote on the primary page? Thank you.

Comment: The title of this draft has been disambiguated.
If this draft is accepted, a hatnote will need to be added to the primary page to refer to this page.
The primary page is Post-industrial society.
[[User:Dawnpalmyra|Dawnpalmyra]] ([[User talk:Dawnpalmyra|talk]]) 19:19, 4 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Dawnpalmyra|Dawnpalmyra]] ([[User talk:Dawnpalmyra|talk]]) 19:19, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Dawnpalmyra}} once the draft is published as an article, then a hatnote should be added. You don't need to and shouldn't add any hatnote while your article remains a draft. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 19:24, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Research ==

Cullen,
I am reaching out to you at Wikipedia Teahouse for both advice and help,
I have always loved vintage fashion, automobiles and music because they represent the classics in their own way, and always find a way to come back. I have always been interested in how the stock Market had an impact on color, automobile’s fashions and music and believe that the stock market with its rise and fall had it ‘s impact in these areas but have not been able to prove my theory. I also want to use any articles I might find on Wikipedia and give credit to their contributing editors.

Thank you for any help or advice you can give me.
Fashions, Automobile, Music — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Fashions,Automobiles,Music|Fashions,Automobiles,Music]] ([[User talk:Fashions,Automobiles,Music#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Fashions,Automobiles,Music|contribs]]) 19:50, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Welcome to Wikipedia. Messages for a specific user should go to that user's talk page. In this case, probably [[User_talk:Cullen328]] [[User:RudolfRed|RudolfRed]] ([[User talk:RudolfRed|talk]]) 19:58, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Request for help in revising one edit I made in [[Investigative Reporters and Editors]] ==

Hi. I made one edit in [[Investigative Reporters and Editors]], adding the History of the organization, at least its beginnings, which was told in one book I reference in the article. I'd like to ask the members of the Teahouse if they could review my contribution, since I'm not a native English speaker, so I might have made some grammatical errors or repeated some words a bit too much. Thanks! '''[[User:Tetizeraz]]'''. Send me a [[User talk:Tetizeraz|✉️]] ! 20:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC) '''[[User:Tetizeraz]]'''. Send me a [[User talk:Tetizeraz|✉️]] ! 20:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{ping|Tetizeraz}} {{done}}! [[User:GoingBatty|GoingBatty]] ([[User talk:GoingBatty|talk]]) 03:31, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== How to remove COI/[[Charles DeLisi]] ==

Hi, there is this article [[Charles DeLisi]]. What possible steps must one take so they can remove this tag forever without it having to appear again. Please assist in this case. Thank you. ([[User:Precariousman123|Precariousman123]] ([[User talk:Precariousman123|talk]]) 20:44, 4 March 2021 (UTC))
: Welcome to the Teahouse, {{u|Precariousman123}}! Please see [[WP:COI]] for information. [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] - [[User talk:SoyokoAnis|talk]] 21:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Hi {{u|Precariousman123}}. Generally, any editor can remove a maintenance template from which has been added to an article as explained in [[:Help:Maintenance template removal]] as long as they feel they have addressed the reasons why the template was added in the first place. If someone else disagrees and re-adds the template, then things can be discussed on the article's talk page. For templates added for [[:WP:COI]] or [[:WP:PAID]] reasons, however, it's probably not a good idea for the editor who is considered to have the COI or PAID relationship to the subject of the article to remove such templates [[:WP:HERE|no matter how good their intentions are]]. It would probably be best for you to either start a discussion about this on the article's talk per [[:WP:ER]], or maybe at a noticeboard like [[:WP:COIN]] or [[:WP:NPOVN]] to see what other unconnected editors might think. This might seem a bit unfair perhaps, but it probably best to be [[:WP:CAUTIOUS]] in a case like this. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 00:51, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
::Indeed I would note that the page linked above says that "Any user without a [[Wikipedia:Conflict of interest|conflict of interest]] may remove a maintenance template in any of the following circumstances:..."--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 01:00, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== 2 questions ==

#When was a page office protected before?
#Does uploading a logo of your company on WP count as COI? '''🔥[[User:LightningComplexFire|Lightning]][[User talk:LightningComplexFire|Complex]][[Special:Contribs/LightningComplexFire|Fire]]🔥''' 20:54, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
#:{{u|LightningComplexFire}} to answer your second question, you should upload it to Wikimedia Commons. If you own the logo you should be able to release it under a free license - making this clear on say, your company website, will prevent the logo from being deleted. Provided your company has an article, uploading the logo is acceptable. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 21:11, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:: {{re|LightningComplexFire}} goto [[Special:Log]] and select Protection Log from the drop down and put in the page you are interested in and it will show you when/if it has ever been protected. [[User:RudolfRed|RudolfRed]] ([[User talk:RudolfRed|talk]]) 21:17, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

:::{{U|Elli}}, that is not helpful advice. {{U|LightningComplexFire}}, Elli's advice is only correct in the (very unusual) situation that the company is willing to license the logo in such a way that anybody may reuse or alter it for any purpose, commercial or not (or the slightly less unusual case that the logo is simple enough that it does not meet the threshold for being copyrightable). For most logos, you do not upload them to Commons, but to Wikipedia itself, making sure that the use meets ''all'' the [[WP:non-free content criteria|non-free content criteria]]: more detail is given in [[WP:Logos|Logos]]. (Note that the criteria require that the media be added to at least one article, and that it be essential to that article, so in practice, this can be uploaded ''only'' to be added to a published article about the company, and not for any other purpose.
:::Uploading the logo and adding it to the article about the company is technically COI editing: in my view it is acceptable, but I don't know that everybody would agree. An alternative approach is to make an [[WP:edit request|edit request]] on the article's talk page, giving a URL for the logo, and asking somebody to upload as non-free and add it to the article. --[[User:ColinFine|ColinFine]] ([[User talk:ColinFine|talk]]) 21:43, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
::::{{u|ColinFine}} if it's ''your company'', then you can license the logo however you want, because you own it. I'd advise them to release it under a free license.
::::
::::It's like if a person comes here and asks "can I add a picture of myself to an article about me?" Yes, release it under a free license. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::Most people would never want to release their business' logo under a free license. (Many big companies spend huge sums of money on essentially the opposite; zealously protecting their intellectual property from use by others, their logos, trademarks, etc.) On the other hand, by the very nature of what fair use is, a person who owns copyrighted content ''cannot claim fair use''—only a third party can. There is a catch-22 there, of course.--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 01:13, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
::::::Trademarks != copyrights. And besides, most photographers wouldn't release their pictures under a free license - but that's what we encourage them to do here, if they'd like to share their images. I don't see the issue with applying the same standard to others. If you'd like your images included, release them under an appropriate license. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 02:19, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::::[[User:Elli|Elli]], after mentioning intellectual property, I said "logos, trademarks, etc."; do you see the comma? Anyway, the equivalence you're drawing between photos and a business logo is utterly inapt. It's like saying "people give blood all the time; can we have your liver?"--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 03:11, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
::::::::{{re|Fuhghettaboutit}} yes, I did - my argument is that the copyright status doesn't, or ''shouldn't'', matter to them. Many companies pick logos in the public domain already - like [[:File:Google 2015 logo.svg|Google]] - and there is no issue there, they can still go after trademark infringements. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 03:15, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::::::Google didn't choose to put their logo in the public domain; the logo they chose was too unoriginal for copyright protection. That doesn't imply if they had a logo that met the threshold of originality they wouldn't spend a billion dollars protecting it. But the real point is that you're actually, empirically wrong about how the vast majority of those who have copyright protected logos feel about protecting them, and how that interfaces with your advice. Yes, some small portion of people are willing to release their original logo. The vast majority would say are you f*ing kidding?--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]])

== Help with questions on Steph Korey article ==

Hi, I'm the subject of the [[Steph Korey]] article and have declared that connection. I was having a [[Talk:Steph_Korey#Follow-up_edit_request|productive conversation]] with {{ping|Seagull123}} about the content of the article but they seem to be on an extended break from editing. I would really appreciate it if someone had a few minutes to pick up the conversation with me where Seagull123 left off. [[User:Stephkg|Stephkg]] ([[User talk:Stephkg|talk]]) 21:46, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
: Hi {{u|Stephkg}}. It appears some other editors besides Seagull123 are trying to help you on the article's talk page. All I can suggest is that you continue to follow [[:WP:PSCOI#Steps for engagement]] when seeking assistance and try and remember that (1) all editors are [[:WP:VOLUNTEER]]s who (2) sometimes get [[:WP:BUSY]] and (3) there are really [[:WP:NODEADLINES]] for the most part when it comes to Wikipedia. While it's understandable that your primary focusing might be on the article written about you, others may and most likely will do so at their own pace. So, absent [[:WP:BLPSELF|some really bad or otherwise major policy violating type of content requiring an immediate response]], you might have to just wait for someone to come along. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 00:40, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== Uploading documents to prove/support an allegatio ==

I please would like to correct some glaring errors in the Wikipedia article about myself - this includes statements that incorrectly portray my beliefs or cause the public to have a mistake notion about myself. In addition, this page has not been updated in ages, and I have written several new books since it was written, released two music albums, and received additional awards and international attention.

[[Laurence_Galian|Laurence Galian]]

My specific question: I have many physical documents, such as an Award from the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (and letters written to support my claims and assertions). But I do not know how to upload such an item, even I don't know where I would ''send'' such an item. But the physical document is part of the evidence that I received this award. Does Wikipedia accept PDFs, JPGs, and so forth? And if so, how would I make them available to those who review such things for inclusion on my page - do I put it onto Google Docs - and if so to whom do I give permission to view such a document?

Thanks.
Laurence Galian

[[Special:Contributions/2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391|2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391]] ([[User talk:2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391|talk]]) 23:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC) [[Special:Contributions/2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391|2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391]] ([[User talk:2806:2F0:7000:1E40:E9D5:587F:5A9C:E391|talk]]) 23:15, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hello and welcome to the Teahouse. Wikipedia summarizes what independent [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] state about article subjects. If the sources in the article about you are incorrect, please make a formal [[WP:ER|edit request]](click for instructions) on the article talk page, [[Talk:Laurence Galian]], offering independent reliable sources to support your proposed changes. That doesn't include [[WP:PRIMARY|primary sources]]. Wikipedia does not store source documents, preferably sources that report on those documents are desired. [[User:331dot|331dot]] ([[User talk:331dot|talk]]) 23:28, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

== Template main article ==

I use to put See main article [[xyz]] but I see there is a new template {{main|xyz}} . My question is “ Is this the preferred way now and thus should I go through all my articles and start replacing with this format? [[User:GRALISTAIR|GRALISTAIR]] ([[User talk:GRALISTAIR|talk]]) 00:16, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
: {{ping|GRALISTAIR}} If you're going to put a [[WP:HATNOTE|hatnote]], then yes, please use the hatnote template. If not, what context are you referring to? [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 00:34, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

Well I did an article Draft:Midland Main Line railway upgrade and in the history an editor did an edit that replaced See main article [[Midland Main Line]] with the format {{main|Midland Main Line}} so that was the context and hence why I asked the question [[User:GRALISTAIR|GRALISTAIR]] ([[User talk:GRALISTAIR|talk]]) 00:48, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{U|Ganbaruby}}. Templates are just a convenience. If you've written it out the same way, I see no purpose served in replacing with a template, only seen in edit mode (we have had a gazillion discussions, for example, about the fact that bots who just make these types of changes, cluttering up watchlists in the process, have such little utility for the bother they cause...) As to the slightly different format you've used, it serves fine; I suppose "See" is fairly tacit, but if it's at all burdensome, don't bother. I doubt there's was any grand consensus on the exact way it should look; no involved finding that it's massively superior to some trivially different format. (By the way, the template's been around since 2004.) Best regards--[[User:Fuhghettaboutit|Fuhghettaboutit]] ([[User talk:Fuhghettaboutit|talk]]) 00:50, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
::{{ping|Fuhghettaboutit}} They's referring to this diff: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft%3AMidland_Main_Line_railway_upgrade&type=revision&diff=1009502393&oldid=1009498172]. Though I'm not well versed in hatnote discussions and this is not the place to discuss the template's pros and cons, I've always used hatnote templates because of how it indents + italicizes for you. {{u|GRALISTAIR}}, I'd still encourage you to use the template, even if for consistiency's sake. [[User:Ganbaruby|◢ Ganbaruby! ]] ([[User talk:Ganbaruby|Say hi!]]) 01:09, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Ganbaruby}} You refer to [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Midland_Main_Line_railway_upgrade&diff=1009502393&oldid=1009498172]. Context is often important. There is a big difference between the start of an article and the start of a section. "See main article [[xyz]]" is not suitable for the opening line. {{tlx|main|[[xyz]]}} with its indentation and italics is better but we actually don't generally use any form of such "main" links in the opening line, only in sections (where {{tlx|main}} is also preferred). "main" links are supposed to go to articles with more detailed coverage of the subject of a section, not broader articles. [[Template:Main]] says: "This template should also not be used in lead sections." Some areas of Wikipedia do have their own practices, e.g. tennis draw articles like [[2021 Australian Open – Men's Singles]] where {{tl|main}} is used in an "invalid" way while [[2021 Australian Open#Men's Singles]] is the valid way. There are thousands of such tennis articles and it may some day give a big conflict. Don't do it unless it's an established practice in the subject area. You should instead look for a way to link the broader article in the opening sentence or paragraph. Your example already does that so the "main" link can just be removed. [[User:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[User talk:PrimeHunter|talk]]) 01:22, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
::::Those aren't the only type of articles that do this, see [[2020 United States presidential election in Arizona]] (any year and any state). [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 02:29, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== Artist Notability ==

Hello. I'm trying to understand the rationale of why [[Draft:Brad_Walls]] is constantly being rejected based on notability. I have multiple biopic sources (Washpost, CNN, huffpost etc) that make a substantial argument for notability. Please share any insight. Regards. [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 01:42, 5 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 01:42, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
: Welcome to the Teahouse, {{u|Bradwalls1992}}! From your username, it appears you are creating an article about yourself the reason may be because of [[WP:COI]]. Please re-review the comments to insure the article passes. [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]] - [[User talk:SoyokoAnis|talk]] 02:52, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:: Thanks [[User:SoyokoAnis|SoyokoAnis]]. I did declare [[WP:COI]] before the most recent 2 submissions and still not passing. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bradwalls1992|contribs]]) 03:05, 5 March 2021 (UTC) 
:::{{u|Bradwalls1992}} I think COI editors are generally held to a higher standard than non-COI editors in what is considered acceptable. Do you have any reliable sources giving significant biographical coverage of ''you'', instead of just a project that you've done? [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 03:24, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::: Thanks [[User:Elli|Elli]]. Artists press is centered around released work and additionally will dive into biographical details of that artist, and that is the content within the sources listed on the draft. It is confusing as I cover the 4 main points in WP:ARTIST to be notable, and I am not really getting a good enough answer. It seems there is some bias with the editors? Thanks [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 03:34, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::{{u|Bradwalls1992}} yeah, I feel like you probably ''are'' notable (lucky you!) I'm somewhat busy the next few days but I might see if I can publish your article.
:::::
:::::BTW, would you consider uploading a picture of yourself - and perhaps an example of your work - under a compatible free license to Wikimedia Commons? [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 03:41, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::: Thanks [[User:Elli|Elli]], I appreciate that - it's been painful. I did upload an image of myself, but it was removed by one of the editors, should I re-upload? [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 03:47, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::: Additionally, [[User:Elli|Elli]] - should I re-submit the article? Thanks [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 04:02, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::::{{u|Bradwalls1992}} as for uploading the image, yes, just make sure you agree to release it under an appropriate license. And yeah, CoI editors are viewed very negatively around here - which is understandable, as ''most'' of them are non-notable and write unfairly about themselves, but that doesn't mean that ''all'' of them are bad - [[WP:AGF]] should still apply.
:::::::
:::::::As for resubmitting, I'd hold off on that - I'll look at it personally soon, submitting isn't necessary for that.
:::::::
:::::::(also, please keep in mind that once your article is published, it's recommended to request any possibly controversial edits with the {{t|request edit}} template on the article talk page, so it'll be a bit more frustrating to edit it in that case. So if you have more stuff that's received coverage you'd like to add/change, I'd recommend doing that sooner rather than later) [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 04:05, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::::: I'll keep that in mind [[User:Elli|Elli]] re. {{t|request edit}}, but nothing to change currently. Image is uploaded now under free license to Wikipedia Commons. Thanks [[User:Bradwalls1992|Bradwalls1992]] ([[User talk:Bradwalls1992|talk]]) 04:32, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:::::::::{{u|Bradwalls1992}} great, thank you! [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 04:33, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== How to become a Patrol Editor? ==

 [[User:AdamBunyi2007|AdamBunyi2007]] ([[User talk:AdamBunyi2007|talk]]) 03:03, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|AdamBunyi2007}} there are multiple permissions you might be talking about. [[WP:NPP|New page patroller]] allows you to review new pages, while [[WP:Autopatrolled|autopatrolled]] automatically marks pages you create as patrolled, and [[Wikipedia:Reviewing pending changes|pending changes reviewer]] allows you to review other users' edits to certain pages with pending-changes protection. Any of these rights can be requested at [[WP:PERM]]. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 03:20, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== Follow-up to [[Wikipedia:Teahouse/Questions/Archive 1095#Do_Wikipedia's_policies_demand_supporting_reliable_sources,_even_if_editors_know_reliable_sources_all_are_in_error?|Do Wikipedia's policies demand supporting reliable sources, even if editors know reliable sources all are in error?]] ==

The last thing I said in a thread now archived pointed out that in an environment where publishing is constrained by political censorship, nothing can be published regarding that circumstance in spite is its existence. I am surprised this does not seem to be of concern. I wonder why that is.

On Wikipedia, this phenomenon strikes me as willful ignorance or cowardice. Wikipedia relies on published sources for everything, so a degradation of the publishing world undermines the value of Wikipedia. The logical extreme would be Wikipedia would contain nothing of value if nothing of value is published.Wikoipedia's health is tied to the health of publishing. That would make political censorship something to really hate if Wikipedia is important[[User:Danallenhtn|Danallenhtn]] ([[User talk:Danallenhtn|talk]]) 03:09, 5 March 2021 (UTC) [[User:Danallenhtn|Danallenhtn]] ([[User talk:Danallenhtn|talk]]) 03:09, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{u|Danallenhtn}} what would you prefer we do? How do we know anything that we don't directly observe?
:
:Ideally we would just ''know'' what's true, but we don't, so we use reliable sources to determine what is true or not. Otherwise, the site would be filled with constant warring as people disagree over every possible fact. [[User:Elli|Elli]] ([[User_talk:Elli|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Elli|contribs]]) 03:22, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== Consistent Error in the entries on individual Psalms ==

I've noticed that many of the pages for individual Psalms from the Book of Psalms has an error in comparing the numbering systems between the Hebrew and Greek texts. Is there a way to do a global fix or do I have to change each one? Here is the text that appears with each psalm beginning with Psalm 9. The wording is consistent but the numbering changes. This example is from the entry Psalm 53, which I have corrected on the WP page.

This article uses Hebrew (Masoretic) psalm numbering. Psalm 52 in Greek (Septuagint or Vulgate) numbering corresponds to Psalm 53 in Hebrew numbering.

This is my first post in the Teahouse!!
[[User:BCPMyles|BCPMyles]] ([[User talk:BCPMyles|talk]]) 03:45, 5 March 2021 (UTC)BCPMyles [[User:BCPMyles|BCPMyles]] ([[User talk:BCPMyles|talk]]) 03:45, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

== Another editor reverting changes back to incorrect data ==

I got a message from another editor that my corrections to the incorrect numbering between Greek and Hebrew psalms were creating some problem. He has reverted the changes back. It has to do with some links that are embedded. I will stop making changes and hope for some guidance because the numbering is incorrect, it doesn't even match the numbering that is used in the text of the articles. Here is the note I received:
Francis Schonken 05:16, 5 March 2021 diff hist 0‎ Psalm 63 ‎ Undid revision 1010376059 by BCPMyles (talk) no, creates a blacklink, instead of a link to the article on the psalm with this number in the other numbering system. current

[[User:BCPMyles|BCPMyles]] ([[User talk:BCPMyles|talk]]) 05:22, 5 March 2021 (UTC)BCPMyles [[User:BCPMyles|BCPMyles]] ([[User talk:BCPMyles|talk]]) 05:22, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

Psalm 131

2021-03-05T05:06:04Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|130}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 131
| subtitle = "Lord, my heart is not haughty"
| type = [[Song of Ascents]]
| image = 2008-08-22SchorndorfSkulpturenrundgangMutter mit Kind01.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = ''Mother with Child'' sculpture by Fritz Nuss, with plaque quoting verse 2, in [[Schorndorf]], Germany
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 130
* "Domine non est exaltatum cor meum"
}}
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 131''' is the 131st [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "Lord, my heart is not haughty". The Book of Psalms is the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], and a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 130''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "'''Domine non est exaltatum cor meum'''".<ref name="Mediavalist">{{Cite web |url=http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps130.htm |title=Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 130 (131) |access-date=2019-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930160331/http://www.medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps130.htm |archive-date=2017-09-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> The psalm is one of the fifteen [[Song of Ascents|Songs of Ascents]] (''Shir Hama'alot''), and one of three psalms consisting of only three verses.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etzion.org.il/en/shiur-08-psalm-117-%E2%80%9Co-praise-lord-all-you-nations%E2%80%9D-shortest-psalm-book-tehillim|title=Shiur #08: Psalm 117 - 'O Praise The Lord, All You Nations' The Shortest Psalm in the Book of Tehillim|first=Rav Elchanan|last=Samet|year=2018|access-date=September 29, 2018|publisher=Yeshivat Har Etzion}}</ref> It is attributed to [[David]] and is classified among the [[Psalms#Individual laments|psalms of confidence]].

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music often, notably by [[Heinrich Schütz]], and in the final movement of Bernstein's ''[[Chichester Psalms]]''.

==Background==
Psalm 131 is one of the shortest chapters in the [[Book of Psalms]], being one of three psalms with only three verses (the others are Psalms [[Psalm 133|133]] and [[Psalm 134|134]]). The shortest psalm is [[Psalm 117]], with two verses.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmpcLbMPtC0C&pg=PA73|title=Everyman's Bible Commentary: Psalms: Songs of Discipleship|volume=3|first=Robert|last=Alden|year=1976|publisher=Moody Publishers|isbn=9781575678467|page=73}}</ref> Psalm 131 is classified among the [[Psalms#Individual laments|psalms of confidence]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Form and Meaning in Psalm 131|first=Bernard P.|last=Robinson|year=1998|journal=Biblica|volume=79|issue=2|pages = 180–197|jstor = 42614069}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kE2k36XAkv4C&pg=PA58|title=Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings|editor-first=Tremper |editor-last=Longman III|editor2-first=Peter|editor2-last=Enns|year=2008|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=9780830817832|page=58}}</ref>

==Themes==
[[Charles Spurgeon|Spurgeon]] notes that this psalm is both by and about [[David]], expressing his humility, his confidence, and his commitment to perform the will of God.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-131-1.html|title=Psalm 131:1|first=Charles|last=Spurgeon|author-link=Charles Spurgeon|publisher=Bible Study Tools|year=2013|access-date=29 September 2018}}</ref> The [[Midrash]] pairs the phrases in verse 1 with specific events in David's life that he could certainly have bragged about, yet he retained his humility. These events were:<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.matsati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Midrash-Tehillim-Psalms-131.pdf|title=Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 131|publisher=matsati.com|access-date=29 September 2018}}</ref>
*"My heart was not haughty" – when [[Samuel]] anointed me king
*"nor were my eyes lofty" – when I slew [[Goliath]]
*"neither did I swagger about" – when I was restored to my kingship
*"nor did I accept as my due things too high for me" – when I had the [[Ark of the Covenant|Ark of God]] brought up out of [[Philistine captivity of the Ark|Philistine captivity]]

When asked what it means to trust in God, the [[Vilna Gaon]] quoted verse 2 of this psalm. He explained that just as a nursing baby that is satiated doesn't worry whether there will be more milk for him when he is hungry again, one who trusts in God does not worry about the future.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=S-yWFwij1iIC&pg=PA9|title=Faith and Trust|first=Rabbi Shemuel|last=Houminer|year=1994|publisher=Feldheim Publishers|isbn= 9780873066570|page=9}}</ref>

==Text==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 131:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּֽעֲל֗וֹת לְדָ֫וִ֥ד יְהֹוָ֚ה | לֹֽא־גָבַ֣הּ לִ֖בִּי וְלֹֽא־רָ֣מוּ עֵינַ֑י וְלֹֽא־הִלַּ֓כְתִּי | בִּגְדֹל֖וֹת וּבְנִפְלָא֣וֹת מִמֶּֽנִּי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | אִם־לֹ֚א שִׁוִּ֨יתִי | וְדוֹמַ֗מְתִּי נַפְשִׁ֗י כְּ֖גָמֻל עֲלֵ֣י אִמּ֑וֹ כַּגָּמֻ֖ל עָלַ֣י נַפְשִֽׁי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | יַחֵ֣ל יִ֖שְׂרָאֵל אֶל־יְהֹוָ֑ה מֵֽ֜עַתָּ֗ה וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם
|-
|}

===King James Version===
# Lord, my heart is not haughty, nor mine eyes lofty: neither do I exercise myself in great matters, or in things too high for me.
# Surely I have behaved and quieted myself, as a child that is weaned of his mother: my soul is even as a weaned child.
# Let Israel hope in the LORD from henceforth and for ever.

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Psalm 131 is one of the 15 [[Song of Ascents|Songs of Ascents]] recited after the [[Shabbat]] [[Mincha|afternoon prayer]] in the period between [[Sukkot]] and [[Special Shabbat#Shabbat HaGadol|Shabbat HaGadol]] (the Shabbat prior to [[Passover]]).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=etK8tgEACAAJ|title=The Complete Artscroll Siddur|publisher=[[Artscroll|Mesorah Publications Ltd.]] |year=2003|edition=3rd|isbn=978-0899066509|page=530}}</ref>

===Catholicism===
Since the [[Middle Ages]], according to the [[Rule of St. Benedict]] (530), it was traditionally recited or sung at the office of [[vespers]] on Tuesday between Psalm 130 and Psalm 132.<ref>[[Prosper Guéranger]], Règle de saint Benoît, ([[Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes]], reprinted 2007) p. 46.</ref><ref>Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, (1938/2003) p. 499.</ref>

Currently, in the Liturgy of the Hours, Psalm 131 is in the Office of Readings on Saturday of the first week and [[vespers]] on Tuesday of the third week. In the liturgy of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]], it is recited in the 31st week on [[Sunday]] A8, and in the 31st week on Monday in even years and Tuesday in odd years.<ref>The principal cycle of liturgical prayers extends over four weeks.</ref>

==Musical settings ==
[[Michel-Richard de Lalande]] composed his great [[motet]] for this [[psalm]] (s.28) at the end of the seventeenth century, before 1689, for the offices at the royal chapel of the castle of [[Versailles]]. In 1691, the work was revised and improved. [[Heinrich Schütz]] set the psalm in German for choir as part of his setting of the [[Becker Psalter]] as SWV 236, "Herr, mein Gemüt und Sinn du weißt" (Lord, you know my mind and sense).

The psalm in Hebrew is the text of the final movement of Leonard Bernstein's ''[[Chichester Psalms]]'', an extended work for choir and orchestra, with verse 1 of [[Psalm 133]] added.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/tracks/n4wqv5 |title=Chichester Psalms (III. Psalm 131 [complete] and Psalm 133 [verse 1]) |year=2012 |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date = 30 September 2018}}</ref>

The English composer David Bednall composed a choral anthem titled "O Lord, I am not haughty" using Psalm 131 that was sung by [[The Queen's College, Oxford]] choir on their 2018 recording, ''The House of the Mind''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat}}
{{Wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 131|Psalm 131}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 131|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 131}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 131}}
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26d1.htm Psalms Chapter 131] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-131/ Psalm 131 – David’s Humble, Learned Contentment in the LORD] text and detailed commentary, enduringword.com
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/131 A song of ascents. Of David. "LORD, my heart is not proud"] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-131-1.html Psalm 131:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-131 Psalm 131 / Refrain: O Israel, trust in the Lord.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20131 Psalm 131] at biblegateway.com
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/131?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 131] hymnary.org

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|131]]
[[Category:Works attributed to David]]

Psalm 130

2021-03-05T05:05:19Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|129}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 130
| subtitle = "From the depths, I have cried out to you, O Lord"
| type = [[Penitential psalms|Penitential psalm]]
| image = Folio 70r - De Profundis.jpg
| alt =
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = De profundis, in ''[[Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry]]'', Folio 70r, held by the Musée Condé, [[Chantilly, Oise|Chantilly]]
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 129 (Vulgate)
* "De profundis"
}}
| related =
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 130''' is the 130th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], one of the [[Penitential psalms]]. The first verse is a call to God in deep sorrow, from "out of the depths" or "out of the deep", as it is translated in the [[King James Version]] of the Bible and the [[Coverdale Bible|Coverdale translation]] (used in the [[Book of Common Prayer]]) respectively. It is one of 15 psalms that begin with the words [[Song of Ascents|"A song of ascents"]] (Shir Hama'alot). The Book of Psalms is in [[Ketuvim]], the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], and is a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible, and in the Latin [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 129''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as '''De profundis'''.<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps129.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 129 (130)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps129.htm |date=2017-05-07 }} medievalist.net</ref>

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant liturgies. It was paraphrased in [[hymn]]s. The psalm has been set to music often, by composers such as [[Orlando di Lasso]], [[Heinrich Schütz]] and [[John Rutter]].

== Text ==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 130:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּֽעֲל֑וֹת מִמַּֽעֲמַקִּ֖ים קְרָאתִ֣יךָ יְהֹוָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | אֲדֹנָי֘ שִׁמְעָ֪ה בְק֫וֹלִ֥י תִּֽהְיֶ֣ינָה אָ֖זְנֶיךָ קַשֻּׁב֑וֹת לְ֜ק֗וֹל תַּֽחֲנוּנָֽי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | אִם־עֲו‍ֹנ֥וֹת תִּשְׁמָר־יָ֑הּ אֲ֜דֹנָ֗י מִ֣י יַֽעֲמֹֽד
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | כִּֽי־עִמְּךָ֥ הַסְּלִיחָ֑ה לְ֜מַעַ֗ן תִּוָּרֵֽא
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | קִוִּ֣יתִי יְ֖הֹוָה קִוְּתָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י וְלִדְבָ֘ר֥וֹ הוֹחָֽלְתִּי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | נַפְשִׁ֥י לַֽאדֹנָ֑י מִשֹּֽׁמְרִ֥ים לַ֜בֹּ֗קֶר שֹֽׁמְרִ֥ים לַבֹּֽקֶר
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | יַחֵ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל־יְהֹ֫וָה כִּֽי־עִם־יְהֹוָ֥ה הַחֶ֑סֶד וְהַרְבֵּ֖ה עִמּ֣וֹ פְדֽוּת
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | וְהוּא יִפְדֶּ֣ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִ֜כֹּ֗ל עֲוֹֽנוֹתָֽיו
|-
|}

A marginal note in the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition indicates that Psalm 130:2 is the middle of the whole [[Ketuvim]] (Book of Writings) section in Hebrew.<ref>{{cite book| last= Shepherd|first= Michael |title= A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets | series= Kregel Exegetical Library | publisher= Kregel Academic | year= 2018 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|isbn= 978-0825444593 | page=23}}</ref>

===King James Version===
# Out of the depths have I cried unto thee, O LORD.
# Lord, hear my voice: let thine ears be attentive to the voice of my supplications.
# If thou, LORD, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand?
# But there is forgiveness with thee, that thou mayest be feared.
# I wait for the LORD, my soul doth wait, and in his word do I hope.
# My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the morning: I say, more than they that watch for the morning.
# Let Israel hope in the LORD: for with the LORD there is mercy, and with him is plenteous redemption.
# And he shall redeem Israel from all his iniquities.

== Uses ==
=== Judaism ===
[[File:Psalms scroll.PNG|thumb|upright|Scroll of the Psalms]]
Psalm 130 is recited as part of the liturgy for the [[High Holidays]], sung responsively before the open [[Torah ark]] during the morning service from [[Rosh Hashanah]] until [[Yom Kippur]]. The custom of reciting this psalm during these times had long lain dormant until it was revived in the [[Philip Birnbaum|Birnbaum]] and [[Artscroll]] siddurim in the 20th century.<ref>{{Citation | title = 1,001 Questions and Answers on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur | first = Jeffrey M | last = Cohen | page = 167}}.</ref>

Psalm 130 is one of the 15 [[Song of Ascents|Songs of Ascents]] recited after the [[Shabbat]] [[Mincha|afternoon prayer]] in the period between [[Sukkot]] and [[Special Shabbat#Shabbat HaGadol|Shabbat HaGadol]] (the Shabbat prior to [[Passover]]).<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=etK8tgEACAAJ |title= The Complete Artscroll Siddur |publisher= [[Artscroll |Mesorah Publications Ltd.]] |first= Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman |year= 1984|edition= 3rd |isbn=0-89906-650-X |page= 530}}</ref> In some congregations, it is said on every weekday. In Hebrew, it is often referred to as "''Shir HaMa'alot MiMa'amakim''" after its opening words.

It is recited during the [[Tashlikh]] prayer.<ref>Scherman (2003), p. 772.</ref>

It is one of the psalms traditionally recited "in times of communal distress".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/psalms-as-prayer/ |title=Psalms as the Ultimate Self-Help Tool |first= Rabbi Simkha Y. |last= Weintraub | work =My Jewish Learning |access-date= January 18, 2018}}</ref>

Verses 3-4 are part of the opening paragraph of the long [[Tachanun]] recited on Mondays and Thursdays.<ref>Scherman (2003), p. 125.</ref>

===Catholic Church===
According to the [[Rule of Saint Benedict]] established around 530, the psalm was used at the beginning of the [[Vespers|vespers service]] on Tuesday, followed by Psalm 131 (130).<ref>{{Citation | title = Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique | page = 502 | orig-year = 1938 | year = 2003}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = [[Rule of Saint Benedict]] | others = traduction de [[Prosper Guéranger]] | publisher = Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes | orig-year = réimpression | year = 2007}}.</ref>

In the current [[Liturgy of the Hours]], the psalm is recited or sung at vespers on the Saturday of the fourth week,{{Efn | The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.}} and on Wednesday evenings. In the Liturgy of the Mass, Psalm 130 is read on the 10th Sunday of Ordinary Time in Year B, on the 5th Sunday of Lent in Year A,{{Efn | The cycle of Sunday Mass readings takes place over three years.}} and on the Tuesday in the 27th Week in Ordinary Time on weekday cycle I.{{Efn | The lectionary on weekdays follows a bi-yearly cycle, alternating every other year.}} It is also used as the entrance antiphon on the 28th Sunday in Ordinary Time.

=== Literature ===

"De Profundis" was used as the title of a poem by [[Spanish literature|Spanish author]] [[Federico García Lorca]] in ''Poema del cante jondo.''

A long letter by [[Oscar Wilde]], written to his former lover [[Lord Alfred Douglas]] near the end of Wilde's life while he was in prison, also bears the title "[[De Profundis (letter)|De Profundis]]", although it was given the title after Wilde's death. Poems by [[Alfred Tennyson]], [[Elizabeth Barrett Browning]], [[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Christina Rossetti]], [[C. S. Lewis]], [[Georg Trakl]], [[Dorothy Parker]] and [[José Cardoso Pires]] bear the same title.

In the novel ''[[Fires on the Plain (novel)|Fires on the Plain]]'' by Shōhei Ōoka, the character Tamura makes reference to the psalm's first line "De profundis clamavi" in a dream sequence.<ref>{{Citation | surname=Ōoka | given=Shōhei | author-link=Shōhei Ōoka | title=Fires on the Plain | isbn=978-0-8048-1379-2 | publisher=Tuttle Co. | place=[[Tokyo, Japan]] | year=1957 | page=[https://archive.org/details/firesonplaintutt00shoh/page/86 86] | url=https://archive.org/details/firesonplaintutt00shoh/page/86 }}.</ref>

=== Hymns ===
[[Martin Luther]] paraphrased Psalm 130 as the hymn "[[Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir]]" (Out of deep distress I cry to you), which has inspired several composers, including Bach ([[List of Bach cantatas|cantata]]s ''[[Aus der Tiefen rufe ich, Herr, zu dir, BWV 131]]'' and ''[[Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir, BWV 38]]''), [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]] and [[Max Reger|Reger]].

===Musical settings===
This psalm has been frequently set to music. It was sometimes used for funeral services, especially under its Latin incipit "De profundis":
==== Psalm 130 ====
{|
| valign=top |
* [[Lera Auerbach]], for mixed choir (also in her opera ''The Blind'')<ref>[https://www.sikorski.de/3275/en/0/a/0/search_results/1032961_psalm_130.html Psalm 130] Sikorski</ref>
|}

==== Latin ====
{|
| valign=top |
* [[Francesco Barsanti]] as part of his ''Sei Antifon''<ref>Francesco Barsanti: [https://books.google.de/books?id=I4xoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR16& Sei Antifon, Op. 5] in ''Sacred Vocal Music'', 2018</ref>
* [[Nicolaus Bruhns]]<ref>{{ChoralWiki|De profundis clamavi (Nicolaus Bruhns)|De profundis clamavi (Nicolaus Bruhns)}}</ref>
* [[Marc Antoine Charpentier]]:
** ''De profundis'' H.156, for soloists, chorus and continuo (?1670s)<ref>{{ChoralWiki|De Profundis H 156 (Marc-Antoine Charpentier)|De Profundis H 156 (Marc-Antoine Charpentier)}}</ref>
** ''De profundis'' H.189, for soloists, double chorus, flutes, strings and continuo (1683) <ref>{{ChoralWiki|De Profundis H 189 (Marc-Antoine Charpentier)|De Profundis H 189 (Marc-Antoine Charpentier)}}</ref>
**''De profundis'' à 4 voix H.211, for soloists, chorus and continuo (?early 1690)
**''De profundis'' H.212, for soloists, chorus and continuo (?early 1690s)
**''De profundis'' H.213 (?early 1690), H.213 a (1690s), fors soloists, chorus and continuo
**''Court De profundis'' H.222, for soloists, chorus and continuo (?early 1690s)
* [[Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis]]: cantata<ref>[https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=ucin1460447054&disposition=inline De Profundis Clamavi ad Te, Lietuvą: Elements of Lithuanian Nationalism in Čiurlionis’s De Profundis Cantata]</ref>
* [[Michel Richard Delalande]]: ''De profundis''<ref>{{IMSLP|work=De Profundis, S.23 (Lalande, Michel Richard de) |cname=De Profundis, S.23 (Lalande, Michel Richard de)}}</ref>
*[[Henri Desmarets|Henry Desmarest]]: ''De profundis'' (before 1704)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Data BNF|title=Henry Desamrest|url=https://data.bnf.fr/fr/13893216/henry_desmarest/}}</ref>
* [[Josquin des Prez]]<ref>{{ChoralWiki|De profundis clamavi (Josquin des Prez)|De profundis clamavi (Josquin des Prez)}}</ref>
* [[Marcel Dupré]]<ref>[https://www.oratorienchorpotsdam.de/index.php/newsletter-lesen/profundis.html De Profundis] Oratorienchor Potsdam</ref>
* [[Andrea Gabrieli]], as part of his ''[[Psalmi Davidici]]''<ref>[https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dw.asp?dc=W9300_GBAJY0016702 De profundis clamavi / composer / Andrea Gabrieli (c1510-1586)] Hyperion Records</ref>
* [[Christoph Willibald Gluck]]<ref>{{ChoralWiki|De profundis clamavi (Christoph Willibald Gluck)|De profundis clamavi (Christoph Willibald Gluck)}}</ref>
* [[Sofia Gubaidulina]], ''De profundis''<ref>David Fay: [https://bachtrack.com/review-gubaidulina-at-80-royal-academy Sofia’s Choice: Gubaidulina at 80 at the Royal Academy of Music] BachTrack.com, 23 February 2012.</ref>

* [[Arthur Honegger]], slow movement of [[Symphony No. 3 (Honegger)|Symphony No. 3]]<ref>[Arthur Honegger / Symphony No. 3 'Liturgique'] [[BBC]]</ref>
* [[Orlando di Lasso]], as part of his [[Penitential Psalms (Lassus)|''Penitential Psalms'']]{{ns|5}}
* [[Franz Liszt]]
* [[George Lloyd (composer)|George Lloyd]]
* [[Leevi Madetoja]] {{ns|13}} {{ns|30}}
* [[Felix Mendelssohn]]
*[[Jean-Joseph de Mondonville|Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville]] (1748)<ref>{{Cite web|last=La Flute de Pan|title=De profundis|url=https://www.laflutedepan.com/partition/2480321/cassanea-jean-joseph-de-mondonville-de-profundis-grands-motets-volume-1-partition-conducteur.html}}</ref>
| valign=top |
* [[Thomas Morley]]

* [[Vítězslav Novák]]
* [[Terry Oldfield]]
* [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]]<ref>Pothárn Imre. [http://www2.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/De_profundis_(Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina) "De Profundis Clamavi"]</ref>
* Arvo Pärt: ''[[De profundis (Pärt)|De profundis]]''
* [[Nicola Porpora]]
* [[Henry Purcell]]
* [[Joachim Raff]]: ''De Profundis'', Opus 141, 8-part {{nowrap|chorus and orchestra}}
* [[Georg Reutter II|Georg Reutter]] (once attributed to [[W. A. Mozart|Mozart]])
*[[Pierre Robert (composer)|Pierre Robert]]
* [[Pedro Ruimonte]]
* [[Marc Sabat]]
* [[Antonio Salieri]]
* [[Johann Hermann Schein]]
* [[Arnold Schoenberg]]
* [[Heinrich Schütz]]
* [[Roger Sessions]]
* [[Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck]]
* [[Virgil Thomson]]
* [[Vangelis]]
* [[Jan Dismas Zelenka]], ZWV 50
|}

Some other works named ''De profundis'' but with texts not derived from the psalm are:
* [[Frederic Rzewski]] based on the text of [[Oscar Wilde]]
* [[Dmitri Shostakovich]], in his [[Symphony No. 14 (Shostakovich)|''Fourteenth Symphony'']] op. 135, to texts of [[Federico García Lorca]] translated to Russian

==== English ====
{|
| valign=top |
* [[Leonard Bernstein]] as part of his [[Mass (Bernstein)|''Mass'']]
* [[John Dowland]]: Lord to thee I make my moan, in [[John Dowland#Whole Book of Psalms|Whole Booke of Psalmes]]
* [[Alan Hovhaness]], for voice and piano<ref>[https://www.edition-peters.de/product/out-of-the-depths-psalm-130-op-142;-3/ep6045 Out Of The Depths (Psalm 130) op. 142; 3] Edition Peters</ref>
* [[John Rutter]], as part of [[Requiem (Rutter)|his Requiem]], in English
|}

==== French ====
{|
| valign=top |
* [[Lili Boulanger]], [[Lili Boulanger#Psalm 130|Du fond de l'abîme]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://repertoire-explorer.musikmph.de/product/boulanger-lili-2/|title=Boulanger, Lili, Musical score|website=Repertoire Explorer|language=en-US|access-date=12 March 2016}}</ref>
|}

==== German ====
{|
| valign=top |
* Martin Luther: [[Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir]]<ref>The attribution of the melody is uncertain, see {{cite web |last1=Braatz |first1=Thomas |last2=Oron |first2=Aryeh |title=Chorale Melody: Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir (I+II) |url=http://www.bach-cantatas.com/CM/Aus-tiefer-Not.htm |website=www.bach-cantatas.com |access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
* J. S. Bach:
** cantata [[Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir, BWV 38|''Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir'', BWV 38]] (based upon Luther's hymn)
** cantata [[Aus der Tiefen rufe ich, Herr, zu dir, BWV 131|''Aus der Tiefen rufe ich, Herr, zu dir'', BWV 131]]
* Friedrich Kiel, verses 1–4 as No. 4 of his [[Six Motets, Op. 82 (Kiel)|Six Motets, Op. 82]] (1883)
|}

==== Other ====
{|
| valign=top |
* [[Arne Nordheim]] (''Clamavi'' for solo cello)
* Simon Steen Andersen (''De Profundis'' for solo soprano saxophone also playing percussion)
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite journal | last=Kuttner | first=Henry | author-link=Henry Kuttner | title=De Profundis (also known as The Visitors) | journal=Science Fiction Quarterly | year=1953 }}
*{{Cite journal | last=Leinster | first=Murray | author-link=Murray Leinster | title=De Profundis | journal=Thrilling Wonder Stories | year=1945 }}
*{{Cite book | last=Oracz | first=Michal | title=De Profundis: Letters From The Abyss | publisher=[[Hogshead Publishing]] | place=[[Redhill, Surrey]] | year=2001 | url=http://www.hogshead.demon.co.uk/newstyle/ns_deprofundis.htm | isbn=1-899749-35-7 | access-date=2008-03-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225215748/http://www.hogshead.demon.co.uk/newstyle/ns_deprofundis.htm | archive-date=2008-02-25 | url-status=dead }}

==External links==
{{wikisource|Psalm 130}}
{{commonscat}}
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/the-book-of-common-prayer/psalter/psalms-126-131 Text of Psalms 126–131 from the 1662 Book of Common Prayer]
* [[s:Book of Common Prayer (ECUSA)/The Psalter/Book Five|Text of Psalms 107–150 from the 1979 Episcopal Book of Common Prayer]]
* [[Nova Vulgata|Nova Vulgata Online]]: [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_psalmorum_lt.html#PSALMUS%20130 Psalm 130]
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 130|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 130}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 138}}
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26d0.htm Psalms Chapter 130] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/130 Out of the depths I call to you, LORD]; text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-130-1.html Psalm 130:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-130/ Psalm 130] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-130 Psalm 130 / Refrain: My soul waits for the Lord.] [[Church of England]]
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/130?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 130] hymnary.org
* [http://www.upword.com/wilde/de_profundis.html De Profundis] – excerpted text of Wilde's ''De Profundis'' (1905 version?)
* {{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04738b.htm|title=De Profundis|encyclopedia=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]}} – From the 1908 [[Catholic Encyclopedia]], this short article talks about the hymn's origins and its Jewish and (pre [[Vatican II]]) [[Roman Catholic]] usage.
* {{imdb title|id=0482925|title=De profundis}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.emmanuelmusic.org/notes_trans/transl_cantata/bwv131.htm|title=Translation of BWV 131: Aus der Tiefen rufe ich, Herr, zu dir}}

{{Hymns and songs based on Psalms}}
{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|130]]
[[Category:Latin-language Christian hymns]]

Psalm 129

2021-03-05T05:04:49Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|128}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Psalm 129|previouslink= Psalm 128|previousletter= Psalm 128|nextlink= Psalm 130 |nextletter= Psalm 130 | book= [[Book of Psalms]] | biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 19 |hbiblepart= [[Ketuvim]] | hbooknum = 1 |category= [[Ketuvim|Sifrei Emet]] | filename= Psalms scroll.PNG|size=250px | name= Psalms scroll |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Scroll of the Psalms</div>}}

'''Psalm 129''' is the 129th [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. The Book of Psalms is the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]] and a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 128''' in a slightly different numbering system. It is one of 15 psalms that begin with the words [[Song of Ascents|"A song of ascents"]] (Shir Hama'alot). In some versions of the Bible it is sub-titled "Against the enemies of [[Zion]]".

==Uses==
[[File:Camille Pissarro 013.jpg|thumb|right|Harvest, Camille Pissarro. Psalm 129 uses several images of farm life, including that of harvest, in verses 6 and 7.]]
===Judaism===
This psalm is recited following [[Mincha]] between [[Sukkot]] and [[Shabbat Hagadol]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 530</ref>

===Catholic Church===
According to ancient tradition from the [[Middle Ages]], this psalm was sung as the last psalm of the office of [[vespers]] on Monday, by the [[Rule of St. Benedict]] (530).<ref>Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, (1938/2003) p. 499.</ref>

In the Liturgy of the Hours now, Psalm 129 is sung or recited on the Thursday of the fourth week, and the Office of the middle of the day.<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref><ref>[[Prosper Guéranger]], Règle de saint Benoît, ([[Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes]], réimpression 2007) p46.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 129}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|129|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|129|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|129]]

Psalm 128

2021-03-05T05:04:15Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|127}}
[[File:Psalms scroll.PNG|thumb|Scroll of the Psalms]][[File:Folio 56r - Psalm CXXVII.jpg|thumb|right|Miniature illustrating Psalm 128, Blessing on the Faithful, in The Very Rich Hours of the Duke of Berry, Condé Museum, ms.65, f.56r. An old man seated on a throne, surrounded by his eight faithful.]]
'''Psalm 128''' is the 128th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]] in the [[Old Testament]]. It is one of fifteen psalms that begin with the words [[Song of Ascents|"A song of ascents"]] (Shir Hama'alot). It contains only six verses, and discusses the blessed state of those who follow Yahweh.<ref>Psalm 128:1-6</ref> Its [[Incipit|opening words]] in the [[King James Version]] are "Blessed is every one that feareth the LORD; that walketh in his ways".<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|128:1|KJV}}</ref> In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 127''' in a slightly different numbering system.

Written anonymously, it likely dates to the post-[[Babylonian captivity|exilic]] period (that is, after about 539 BCE).<ref name="Dunn2003">{{cite book|author=James D. G. Dunn|title=Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA427|date=19 November 2003|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0|page=427}}</ref>

The [[Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary]] describes {{bibleverse||Zechariah|8:1-8|NKJV}} as a "virtual commentary on this psalm".<ref>[https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/psalms/128.htm Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary] on Psalm 128, accessed 23 September 2018</ref>

The psalm ends with a prayer for peace upon [[Ancient Israel|Israel]]. This is best taken as a "detached clause", like the concluding clause of [[Psalm 125]], according to the [[Pulpit Commentary]].<ref>[https://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/psalms/128.htm Pulpit Commentary] on Psalm 128, accessed 23 September 2018</ref>

==Uses==

===Judaism===
In traditional Jewish practice, this psalm is recited following [[Mincha]] between [[Sukkot]] and [[Shabbat Hagadol]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 530</ref>It is also recited prior to [[Aleinu]] during [[Motzei Shabbat]] [[Maariv]],<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 608</ref> and among the prayers of the [[Bedtime Shema]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 294</ref> Its second verse is found in [[Pirkei Avot]] Chapter 4, no. 1<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 565</ref> and Chapter 6, no. 4.<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 583</ref>

===Catholicism===
Traditionally, since the Middle Ages, this psalm has been recited within the [[Office of none]] from Tuesday until Saturday, according to the [[Rule of St. Benedict]] (530).<ref>Prosper Guéranger, Règle de saint Benoît, ([[Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes]], réimpression 2007) p46.</ref>

In the liturgy of the current [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]], Psalm 128 is used on the [[feast of the Holy Family]], the 33rd Sunday in [[Ordinary Time]] of the year A and the 27th Sunday in Ordinary Time of the year B. It is also the traditional psalm for [[wedding mass]]es (missa pro votiva sponso and sponsa).

===Music===
This psalm was used by [[Michel-Richard Delalande]] in 1698 to compose a [[grand motet]] (S51) which was played in the royal chapel of [[Versailles]] to celebrate the offices. [[Henri Desmarets|Henry Desmarest]] composed a grand motet "''Beati omnes"'' (unknown date). [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] composed in 1680/1681 one "''Beati omnes qui timent Dominum"'' H.178, for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments and continuo.

[[Salamone Rossi]], the 17th-century Jewish-Italian composer who was the first known composer to write choral music for the Jewish liturgy, published three settings of the psalm (for 3, 5, and 6 voices) in his collection Shir Ha'shirim Lishlomo, published in 1622.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 128}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|128|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|128|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|128]]

Psalm 127

2021-03-05T05:03:46Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|126}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 127
| subtitle = Except the Lord build the house
| type = [[Song of Ascents]]
| image = Council coat of arms col 72dpi-1.tif
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = [[Coat of arms of Edinburgh|Arms of the city council of Edinburgh]], with the Latin motto ''Nisi Dominus Frustra'' ("Without the Lord, [all is] in vain")
| language = Hebrew (original)
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 126 (Vulgate)
* Nisi Dominus
* "Wo Gott zum Haus"
}}
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 127''' is the 127th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "Except the Lord build the house". The Book of Psalms is the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], and a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] and the [[Latin Vulgate]], this psalm is known as '''Psalm 126''' in a slightly different numbering system. In [[Latin]], it is known by the [[incipit]] of its first 2 words, "'''Nisi Dominus'''".<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps126.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 126 (127)] medievalist.net</ref> It is one of 15 "[[Song of Ascents|Songs of Ascents]]" and the only one among them attributed to [[Solomon]] rather than [[David]].

The text is divided into five verses. The first two express the notion that "without God, all is in vain", popularly summarized in Latin in the motto '''Nisi Dominus Frustra'''. The remaining three verses describe [[Child|progeny]] as God's blessing.

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], and Protestant liturgies. The Vulgate text Nisi Dominus was set to music numerous times during the [[Renaissance]] and [[Baroque]] periods, often as part of [[vespers]], including Monteverdi's ten-part setting as part of his 1610 ''[[Vespro della Beata Vergine]]'', [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]], (3 sets), H 150, H 160, H 231, [[George Frideric Handel]]'s [[Nisi Dominus (Handel)|Nisi Dominus]] (1707) and two settings by [[Antonio Vivaldi]]. Composers such as [[ Adam Gumpelzhaimer]] and [[Heinrich Schütz]] set the German "Wo Gott zum Haus".

== Authorship ==
According to Jewish tradition, this psalm was written by David and dedicated to his son Solomon, who would build the [[Solomon's Temple|First Temple]].<ref name=ou>{{cite web |url=https://www.ou.org/torah/nach/nach-yomi/psalms_chapter_127/|title=Sing a Song of Solomon|first=Rabbi Jack|last=Abramowitz|year=2019|access-date=28 February 2019|publisher=[[Orthodox Union]]}}</ref> According to [[David Kimhi|Radak]], verses 3–5, which reference "sons", express David's feelings about his son Solomon; according to [[Rashi]], these verses refer to the students of a Torah scholar, who are called his "sons".<ref name=ou/>

The psalm's superscription calls it "of Solomon",<ref>See for example {{bibleverse||Psalm|127:1|NIV}} in the [[New International Version]]</ref> but Christian theologian [[Albert Barnes (theologian)|Albert Barnes]] noted that "in the [[Syriac versions of the Bible|Syriac Version]], the title is, "From the Psalms of the Ascent; spoken by David concerning Solomon; it was spoken also of [[Haggai]] and [[Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)|Zechariah]], who urged the rebuilding of the Temple".<ref>{{cite web |last=Barnes|first=Albert|year=1834|url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/psalms/127.htm |title=Psalm 127: Barnes' Notes|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref> The [[Authorized Version]] describes the psalm as "a Song of degrees for Solomon",<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalms|127|AKJV}}</ref> and [[John Wycliffe|Wycliffe]]'s translators recognised both options.<ref>Noble, T. P. (2001), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+127&version=WYC Psalm 127:1]</ref> Isaac Gottlieb of [[Bar Ilan University]] suggests that the reference in verse 2 to "his beloved" (''yedido'') "recalls Solomon's other name, Yedidiah".<ref>Gottlieb, I. B., [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27913966.pdf "''Mashal Le-Melekh'': the Search for Solomon"] in ''Hebrew Studies'', Volume 51 (2010), pp. 107-127</ref>

==Themes==
[[Charles Spurgeon]] calls Psalm 127 "The Builder's Psalm", noting the similarity between the Hebrew words for sons (''banim'') and builders (''bonim''). He writes:
<blockquote>We are here taught that builders of houses and cities, systems and fortunes, empires and churches all labour in vain without the Lord; but under the divine favour they enjoy perfect rest. Sons, who are in the Hebrew called "builders", are set forth as building up families under the same divine blessing, to the great honour and happiness of their parents.<ref name=spurgeon>{{cite web |url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=127|title=Psalm 127 Bible Commentary|first=Charles H. |last=Spurgeon|author-link=Charles Spurgeon|publisher=Christianity.com|year=2019|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref></blockquote>

Spurgeon also quotes the English preacher [[Henry Smith (preacher)|Henry Smith]] (1560–1591): "Well doth David call children 'arrows' [v. 4]; for if they be well bred, they shoot at their parents' enemies; and if they be evil bred, they shoot at their parents".<ref name=spurgeon/>

The [[Midrash Tehillim]] interprets the opening verses of the psalm as referring to teachers and students of Torah. On the watchmen of the city mentioned in verse 1, [[Hiyya bar Abba|Rabbi Hiyya]], [[Jose ben Halafta|Rabbi Yosi]], and [[Rabbi Ammi]] said, "The [true] watchmen of the city are the teachers of Scripture and instructors of Oral Law". On "the Lord gives" in verse 2, the Midrash explains that God "gives" life in [[Jewish eschatology#The world to come|the world to come]] to the wives of Torah scholars because they deprive themselves of sleep to support their husbands.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.matsati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Midrash-Tehillim-Psalms-127.pdf|title=Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 127|work=matsati.com|date=October 2012|access-date=February 28, 2019}} (password: www.matsati.com)</ref>

== Translation ==
[[File:Folio 56r - Psalm CXXVII.jpg|thumb|right|Folio 56r, Psalm CXXVII]]
The translation of the psalm offers difficulties, especially in verses 2 and 4. [[Jerome]] in a letter to [[Saint Marcella|Marcella]] (dated AD 384) laments that [[Origen]]'s notes on this psalm were no longer extant, and discusses the various possible translations of {{lang|he|לֶחֶם הָעֲצָבִים}} (KJV "bread of sorrows", after the ''panem doloris'' of [[Vulgata Clementina]]; Jerome's own translation was ''panem idolorum'' "bread of idols" following [[LXX]]), and of
{{lang|he|בְּנֵי הַנְּעוּרִֽים}} (KJV "children of the youth", translated in LXX as {{lang|grc|υἱοὶ τῶν ἐκτετιναγμένων}} "children of the outcast").<ref>Ph. Schaff, [[Henry Wace (priest)|H. Wace]], ''The Principal Works of St. Jerome'' (1892),
[http://biblehub.com/library/jerome/the_principal_works_of_st_jerome/letter_xxxiv_to_marcella.htm Letter xxxiv. To Marcella]
"The Hebrew phrase 'bread of sorrow' is rendered by the LXX. 'bread of idols'; by [[Aquila of Sinope|Aquila]], 'bread of troubles'; by [[Symmachus (translator)|Symmachus]], 'bread of misery.' [[Theodotion]] follows the LXX. So does Origen's Fifth Version. The Sixth renders 'bread of error.' In support of the LXX. the word used here is in Ps. cxv.4, translated 'idols.' Either the troubles of life are meant or else the tenets of heresy."</ref>

There are two possible interpretations of the phrase {{lang|he|כֵּן יִתֵּן לִֽידִידֹו שֵׁנָֽא}} (KJV: "for so he giveth his beloved sleep"): The word "sleep" may either be the direct object (as in KJV, following LXX and Vulgate), or an accusative used adverbially, "in sleep", i.e. "while they are asleep". The latter interpretation fits the context of the verse much better, contrasting the "beloved of the Lord" who receive success without effort, as it were "while they sleep" with the sorrowful and fruitless toil of those not so blessed, a sentiment paralleled by [[Book of Proverbs|Proverbs]] 10:22 (KJV "The blessing of the {{LORD}}, it maketh rich, and he addeth no sorrow with it."). [[Keil and Delitzsch]] (1883) accept the reading of the accusative as adverbial, paraphrasing ""God gives to His beloved in sleep, i.e., without restless self-activity, in a state of self-forgetful renunciation, and modest, calm surrender to Him".<ref>"God gives to His beloved (Psalm 60:7; Deuteronomy 33:12) שׁנא (equals שׁנה), in sleep (an adverbial accusative like לילה בּּקר, ערב), i.e., without restless self-activity, in a state of self-forgetful renunciation, and modest, calm surrender to Him: 'God bestows His gifts during the night,' says a German proverb, and a Greek proverb even says: εὕδοντι κύρτος αἱρεῖ [the fish-trap catches while they sleep]. Bücher takes כּן in the sense of 'so equals without anything further;' and כן certainly has this meaning sometimes (vid., introduction to Psalm 110:1-7), but not in this passage, where, as referring back, it stands at the head of the clause, and where what this mimic כן would import lies in the word שׁנא."
[[Carl Friedrich Keil]], [[Franz Delitzsch]] ''Commentary on the Old Testament'' (''Biblischer Kommentar über das Alte Testament
'' vol. 8, 1883), [[English Language|English]] edition by T. and T. Clark, [[Edinburgh]] (1892–94).</ref>
However, A. F. Kirkpatrick in the [[Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges]] (1906) argues that while the reading "So he giveth unto his beloved in sleep" fits the context, the natural translation of the [[Hebrew]] text is still the one given by the ancient translators, suggesting that the Hebrew text as transmitted has been corrupted (which would make the LXX and Vulgate readings not so much "mistranslations" as correct translations of an already corrupted reading).<ref>"Most commentators however adopt the rendering, ''So he giveth unto his beloved'' in sleep. This rendering is certainly not the natural rendering of the Heb. text. Wellhausen condemns it as “quite inadmissible”. It requires the supplement of an object to the verb, and שֵׁנָא must be taken as accus. of manner. If it were not for the exegetical difficulty, no one would hesitate to take ‘sleep,’ as the Ancient Versions take it, as the object of the verb ‘giveth.’ Some word however seems to be needed to correspond to the results of anxious toil, and though the Ancient Versions already had the present reading, the text may be corrupt. The anomalous form of the word for sleep (שנא for שנה) may point in this direction."</ref>

[[English translations of the Bible|English translations]] have been reluctant to emend the translation, due to the long-standing association of this verse with [[sleep]] being the gift of God.<ref>[[Charles Ellicott]], [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/psalms/127-2.htm Commentary for English Readers] (1897).

Modern translations which do emend the passage include: [[The Septuagint version of the Old Testament (Brenton)|Brenton (1844)]], [[New American Standard Bible]] (1968), [[Complete Jewish Bible]] (1998), [[New English Translation]] (2005);
[[Martin Luther|Luther]] (1545) already has "denn seinen Freunden gibt er's schlafend." ("as to his friends he grants while [they are] asleep."</ref> [[Abraham Cronbach]] (1933) refers to this as "one of those glorious mistranslations, a mistranslation which enabled Mrs. Browning to write one of the tenderest poems in the English language",<ref>Abraham Cronbach, ''Religion and Its Social Setting: Together with Other Essays'' (1933), p. 193.</ref> referring to [[Elizabeth Barrett Browning]]'s poem ''The Sleep'', which uses "He giveth his beloved Sleep" as the last line of each stanza.

Keil and Delitzsch (1883) take {{lang|he|שֶׁבֶת }} "to sit up" as confirmation for the assumption, also suggested by 1 Samuel 20:24, that the custom of the Hebrews before the Hellenistic period was to take their meals sitting up, and not reclining as was the Greco-Roman custom.<ref>
[[Carl Friedrich Keil]], [[Franz Delitzsch]] ''Commentary on the Old Testament'' ('' Biblischer Kommentar über das Alte Testament
'' vol. 8, 1883), English edition by T. and T. Clark, Edinburgh (1892–94).</ref>

== Text ==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 127:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּֽעֲל֗וֹת לִשְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה אִם־יְהֹוָ֚ה | לֹֽא־יִבְנֶ֬ה בַ֗יִת שָׁ֚וְא | עָֽמְל֣וּ בוֹנָ֣יו בּ֑וֹ אִם־יְהֹוָ֥ה לֹֽא־יִשְׁמָר־עִ֜֗יר שָׁ֚וְא | שָׁקַ֬ד שׁוֹמֵֽר
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | שָׁ֚וְא לָכֶ֨ם | מַשְׁכִּ֪ימֵי ק֡וּם מְאַֽחֲרֵי־שֶׁ֗בֶת אֹֽ֖כְלֵי לֶ֣חֶם הָֽעֲצָבִ֑ים כֵּ֚ן יִתֵּ֖ן לִֽידִיד֣וֹ שֵׁנָֽא
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | הִנֵּ֚ה נַֽחֲלַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֣ה בָּנִ֑ים שָֹ֜כָ֗ר פְּרִ֣י הַבָּֽטֶן
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | כְּחִצִּ֥ים בְּיַד־גִּבּ֑וֹר כֵּ֜֗ן בְּנֵ֣י הַנְּעוּרִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | אַשְׁרֵ֚י הַגֶּ֗בֶר אֲשֶׁ֚ר מִלֵּ֥א אֶת־אַשְׁפָּת֗וֹ מֵ֫הֶ֥ם לֹ֥א יֵבֹ֑שׁוּ כִּֽי־יְדַבְּר֖וּ אֶת־אֽוֹיְבִ֣ים בַּשָּֽׁעַר
|-
|}

===King James Version===
# Except the {{Lord}} build the house, they labour in vain that build it: except the {{Lord}} keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain.
# It is vain for you to rise up early, to sit up late, to eat the bread of sorrows: for so he giveth his beloved sleep.
# Lo, children are an heritage of the {{Lord}}: and the fruit of the womb is his reward.
# As arrows are in the hand of a mighty man; so are children of the youth.
# Happy is the man that hath his quiver full of them: they shall not be ashamed, but they shall speak with the enemies in the gate.

== Uses ==
=== Judaism ===
In Judaism, Psalm 127 is recited as part of the series of Psalms read after the [[Shabbat]] [[Mincha|afternoon service]] between [[Sukkot]] and [[Special Shabbat#Shabbat HaGadol|Shabbat HaGadol]].{{sfn|Scherman|2003|pp=530, 538}}

It is also recited as a prayer for protection of a newborn infant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytehillim.com/Default.aspx?CategoryOption=True|title=Protection|work=Daily Tehillim|access-date=February 28, 2019}}</ref>

===Catholic Church===
Since the [[early Middle ages]], this psalm was traditionally recited or sung at the [[None (liturgy)|Office of none]] during the week, specifically from [[Tuesday]] until [[Saturday]] between [[Psalm 126]] and [[Psalm 128]], following the [[Rule of St. Benedict]].<ref>[[Prosper Guéranger]], Règle de saint Benoît, ([[Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes]], réimpression 2007) p46.</ref> During the Liturgy of the Hours, Psalm 126 is recited on the third Wednesday at [[vespers]].<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref>

=== Protestantism ===
The pro-natalist [[Quiverfull]] movement invokes the less quoted latter part of the psalm, verses 3–5 concerning the blessings and advantages of numerous offspring, as one of the foundations for their stance and takes its name from the last verse ("Happy is the man that hath his ''quiver full'' of them [i.e. sons]").<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kaufmann|first1=Eric|title=Shall the religious inherit the Earth? : demography and politics in the twenty-first century|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|location=London|isbn=978-1-84668-144-8|page=95|edition=2nd print.}}</ref>

== Musical settings ==
The Vulgate text of the psalm, Nisi Dominus, has been set to music many times, often as part of [[vespers]] services. Settings from the [[Classical period (music)|classical period]] use the text of the [[Sixto-Clementine Vulgate]] of 1592, which groups ''Cum dederit dilectis suis somnum'' ("as he gives sleep to those in whom he delights") with verse 3 rather than verse 2 (as opposed to Jerome's text, and most modern translations, grouping the phrase with verse 2). Notable compositions include:<ref>see [http://www0.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Psalm_127 Psalm 127] at Choral Public Domain Library for a detailed list.</ref>

"Wo Gott zum Haus" is a German metrical and rhyming paraphrase of the psalm by [[Johann Kolross]], set to music by [[Martin Luther|Luther]] (printed 1597) and by [[Hans Leo Hassler]] ({{circa|1607}}). [[Adam Gumpelzhaimer]] used the first two lines for a canon, ''Wo Gott zum Haus nicht gibt sein Gunst / So arbeit jedermann umsonst'' ("Where God to the house does not give his blessing / There toils every man in vain"). Another German version is ''Wo der Herr nicht das Haus bauet'' by [[Heinrich Schütz]] (SWV 400, published 1650).
* [[Orlando di Lasso]], ''a capella'' motet for five voices, (published in 1562).<ref>''Sacrae cantiones quinque vocum'', Nuremberg, 1562), [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0009/bsb00091998/images/index.html?id=00091998&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=30 no. 15].
Lasso's version predates the Vulgata Clementina, but his text already follows its reading '' Cum dederit dilectis suis somnum, ecce hæreditas Domini filii, merces fructus ventris.'' which is derived from revised editions of the Vulgate published in the first half of the 16th century, notably those by [[Robert Estienne|Stephanus]].</ref>
* [[Hans Leo Hassler]], [[a capella]] motet, published in ''Cantiones sacrae'', (1591).
* [[Giovanni Matteo Asola]], a capella setting (published in 1599).
* Monteverdi's "Nisi Dominus" for a ten-part choir, part of ''[[Vespro della Beata Vergine]]'' (1610).
* [[Alessandro Grandi]], motet with trombones and basso continuo, (published 1630)
* [[Francesco Cavalli]], setting for four parts and strings, published in ''Musiche Sacre Concernenti'', Venice, (1656).
* [[Giovanni Giacomo Arrigoni]], motet "''Nisi Dominus"'', published in (1663).
* [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] :
**''"Nisi Dominus",'' grand motet for soloists, chorus, 2 treble instruments and continuo H.150 (? early 1670).
**''"Nisi Dominus"'', grand motet for soloists, chorus and continuo H.160 - 160 a (? early 1670).
**''"Nisi Dominus"'', motet for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments and continuo H.231 (date unknown).
*[[Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber|Biber]], cantata for 2 voices, violin and b.c. (after 1676).
*Handel's "[[Nisi Dominus (Handel)|Nisi Dominus]]", believed to have been written for a vespers service, (1707).
*[[Henri Desmarets|Henry Desmarest]], grand motet "''Nisi Dominus"'' (17..).
*[[Jan Dismas Zelenka]], motet ''"Nisi Dominus"'' [[List of compositions by Jan Dismas Zelenka|ZWV]] 92, c. (1726).
*[[Michel Richard Delalande|Michel-Richard Delalande]], grand motet "''Nisi Dominus"'' S42 (1729).
*[[Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville]], grand motet "''Nisi Dominus aedificavit'' " (1743).
*
*
*
* [[Antonio Vivaldi]], two settings, [[Ryom-Verzeichnis|RV]] 608 for strings and solo voice and RV 803 for strings and choir, discovered among the "[[Baldassare Galuppi|Galuppi]]" sacred works in the [[Saxon State and University Library Dresden]] in 2006.<ref>J.B. Stockigt, M. Talbot, "Two More New Vivaldi Finds in Dresden", ''Eighteenth Century Music'' 3.1 (March 2006), 35–61.</ref>

== Nisi Dominus Frustra ==
[[File:Arms of Edinburgh.png|right|thumb|[[Coat of arms of Edinburgh|Coat of arms of the City of Edinburgh]]]]
[[File:Inscribed stone - geograph.org.uk - 1437232.jpg|thumb|''NISI DEVS / FRVSTRA / 1648+'', inscription on a house in [[Castle Donington]], [[Leicestershire]]]]
'''Nisi Dominus Frustra''' (Without God, [it is] in vain) is a popular motto derived from verse 1. As an abbreviation of "Except the Lord build the house, they labour in vain that build it". It is often inscribed on buildings. It has been the motto in the [[Coat of arms of Edinburgh|coat of arms of the City of Edinburgh]] since 1647<ref name=scot>{{cite web |url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/edinburgh-s-motto-1-1225063|title=Edinburgh's motto|date=9 December 2009|access-date=28 February 2019|work=[[The Scotsman]]}}</ref> and was the motto of the former [[Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=3250162&partId=1&searchText=chelsea&images=on&page=4|title=Book-plate for Chelsea Public Library, 1903|publisher=[[British Museum]]|access-date=28 February 2019|year=2019}}</ref> It was similarly the motto of the [[King's Own Scottish Borderers]].<ref name=scot/>

It has been adopted as the motto for numerous schools in Great Britain, including [[King Edward VI High School, Stafford]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kevistafford.weebly.com/history-of-the-school.html|title=King Edward VI: A History|publisher=King Edward VI High School|year=2019|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> [[Melbourn Village College]], London,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/nisi-dominus-frustra-why-ditch-a-motto/|title=Nisi dominus frustra: Why ditch a motto? |first=Mary|last=Beard|date=16 September 2011|access-date=28 February 2019|work=[[The Times Literary Supplement]]}}</ref> and as the insignia of [[Glenlola Collegiate School]] in Northern Ireland.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://glenlolacollegiate.net/school-history/|title=School History|publisher=[[Glenlola Collegiate School]]|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> Other schools with this motto are [[St Joseph's College, Dumfries]], [[Villa Maria Academy (Malvern, Pennsylvania)]], [[Rickmansworth School]] (Nisi Dominus Aedificaverit), [[The Park School, Yeovil]], [[Bukit Bintang Girls' School]], [[St Thomas School, Kolkata]], [[Kirkbie Kendal School]], [[Richmond College, Galle]] and [[Mount Temple Comprehensive School]], Dublin, Ireland.

The [[Aquitaine|Aquitanian]] city of [[Agen]] takes as its motto the second verse of the psalm, "Nisi dominus custodierit civitatem frustra vigilat qui custodit eam": "Unless the Lord watches over the city, the guards stand watch in vain" (verse 1a, NIV version).

[[Edinburgh Napier University]], established in 1964, has "secularized" the city's motto to "Nisi sapientia frustra" (i.e. "without [[Sapientia|knowledge/wisdom]], all is in vain").

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&id=etK8tgEACAAJ&q=530|title=The Complete Artscroll Siddur|first=Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman|year=2003|publisher=[[Artscroll|Mesorah Publications, Ltd.]]|isbn=9780899066509|edition=3rd}}

== External links ==
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 127|Psalm 127}}
{{commons category multi|Psalm 127|Nisi dominus frustra}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 127|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 127}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 127}}
* Text of Psalm 127 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm127.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26c7.htm Psalms Chapter 127] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/127 Unless the LORD build the house, they labor in vain who build.] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-127-1.html Psalm 127:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-127/ Psalm 127 – God’s Work in Building Houses, Cities, and Families] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-127 Psalm 127 / Refrain: The Lord shall keep watch over your going out and your coming in.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20127 Psalm 127] at biblegateway.com

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|127]]
[[Category:Solomon]]

Psalm 126

2021-03-05T05:03:11Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|125}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 126
| subtitle = "When the Lord turned again the captivity of Zion"
| type = [[Song of Ascents]]
| image = Parma Psalter 188a.l.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = Psalm 126 in the Parma Psalter
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 125
* "In convertendo Dominus"
}}
| text = by [[David]]
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 126''' is the 126th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "When the Lord turned again the captivity of [[Zion]], we were like them that dream", and in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] by its opening words, "Shir HaMaalot" (שיר המעלות בשוב ה’, a Song of Ascents). It is one of the fifteen [[Song of Ascents|Songs of Ascent]] in the Book of Psalms, from the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], and a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 125''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as ''In convertendo Dominus''.<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps125.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 125 (126)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps125.htm |date=2017-05-07 }} medievalist.net</ref>

This six-verse psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant liturgies. It is well known in Judaism as the preliminary psalm recited before the [[Birkat Hamazon]] (Grace After Meals) on [[Shabbat]] and [[Jewish holidays]], and as such is sung to a wide variety of melodies. It has also inspired hymns based on it, and has been set to music often, such as [[Jean-Philippe Rameau]] and [[Jules Van Nuffel]] who set the psalm in Latin.

Parts of this psalm have been singled out, for example ''They that sow in tears shall reap in joy'' is included in ''[[Ein deutsches Requiem]]'' by Johannes Brahms.

==Background and themes==
[[File:St Francis and St Monica - geograph.org.uk - 1608097.jpg|thumb|right|[[Francis of Assisi|St. Francis]] and [[St. Monica]] on a [[stained glass window]] at [[Little St Mary's, Cambridge|Little St Mary's Church]], Cambridge, England. Monique's [[Speech scroll|phylactery]] contains verse 5 of Psalm 126 in [[Latin]], for Monique long [[prayed]] for the [[Religious conversion|conversion]] to [[Christianity]] of her son [[Augustine]].]]
Psalm 126 expresses the themes of redemption and joy and gratitude to God. According to [[Matthew Henry]], it was likely written upon the return of the [[Israelites]] from [[Babylonian captivity]]. In Henry's view, the psalm was written either by [[Ezra]], who led the nation at that time, or by one of the [[Prophets in Judaism|Jewish prophets]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/psalms/126.html|title=Psalms 126|year=2018|access-date=1 September 2018|work=Bible Study Tools}}</ref> Jewish scholarship pairs this psalm with [[Psalm 137]], with Psalm 137 commemorating the beginning of the Babylonian exile, and Psalm 126 describing the end of that exile.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.etzion.org.il/en/shiur-38-when-lord-brought-back-return-zion-psalm-126-part-iii|title= Shiur #38: "When The Lord Brought Back The Return Of Zion" Psalm 126 (Part III)|first=Rav Elchanan|last=Samet|year=2018|access-date=2 September 2018|publisher=Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash}}</ref> The grammatical structure of the psalm, however, suggests that it is talking both about a past redemption (from Babylonian captivity, in verse 1) and a future redemption (the permanent return of the exiles at the end of days, in verse 4).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.richardmburgess.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/ps_126_Harmon_-_Setting_and_Interpretation.318202806.pdf|title=The Setting and Interpretation of Psalm 126|first=Alan M.|last=Harman|year=1984|access-date=2 September 2018|publisher=richardmburgess.com}}</ref> Alternately, modern Jewish commentators suggest that the second half of the psalm refers to the redemption of the land of Israel itself from agricultural drought.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etzion.org.il/en/shiur-36-when-lord-brought-back-return-zion-psalm-126|title=Shiur #36: "When The Lord Brought Back The Return Of Zion" Psalm 126|first=Rav Elchanan|last=Samet|year=2018|access-date=2 September 2018|publisher=Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash}}</ref>

The [[Talmud]] ([[Ta'anit (Talmud)|Ta'anit]] 23a) mentions this psalm in the context of the famous story of [[Honi ha-M'agel]], who slept for seventy years. Before he fell asleep, Honi saw an old man planting a carob tree that would not bear fruit for seventy years. The Talmud begins,
<blockquote>Rabbi Yohanan said: This righteous man [Honi HaMa'agel] was troubled throughout the whole of his life about the meaning of the verse from Psalms 126, "A Song of Ascents, When the Lord brought back those that returned to Zion, we will be like dreamers." He wondered: Is it possible for one man to live long enough to dream continuously for seventy years? [As it is written, "For the Lord said: When Babylon's seventy years are over, I will take note of and I will fulfill you to my promise of favor -- to bring you back to this place" (Jeremiah 29:10).]<ref name=hillel/></blockquote>
Honi then ate a meal and fell asleep for seventy years. When he awoke, he saw the man's grandson gathering the fruits of the carob tree. Honi returned to the [[Beth midrash|study hall]] and heard scholars discussing laws that he himself had explicated. But they did not believe that he was still alive, and did not show him honor.<ref name=hillel>{{cite web |url=https://www.hillel.org/docs/default-source/mcms-file-archives/hatikvah-amichai.pdf?sfvrsn=0|title=Psalm 126|publisher=hillel.org|access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref>

==Text==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 126:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּֽ֫עֲל֥וֹת בְּשׁ֣וּב יְ֖הֹוָה אֶת־שִׁיבַ֣ת צִיּ֑וֹן הָ֜יִ֗ינוּ כְּחֹֽלְמִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | אָ֚ז יִמָּלֵ֪א שְׂחֹ֡ק פִּינוּ֘ וּלְשׁוֹנֵ֪נוּ רִ֫נָּ֥ה אָ֖ז יֹֽאמְר֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֑ם הִגְדִּ֥יל יְ֜הֹוָ֗ה לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת עִם־אֵֽלֶּה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | הִגְדִּ֣יל יְ֖הֹוָה לַֽעֲשׂ֣וֹת עִמָּ֑נוּ הָ֜יִ֗ינוּ שְׂמֵחִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | שׁוּבָ֣ה יְ֖הֹוָה אֶת־שְׁבִיתֵ֑נוּ (כתיב שְׁבִותֵ֑נוּ)כַּֽאֲפִיקִ֥ים בַּנֶּֽגֶב
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | הַזֹּֽרְעִ֥ים בְּדִמְעָ֗ה בְּרִנָּ֥ה יִקְצֹֽרוּ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | הָ֘ל֚וֹךְ יֵלֵ֨ךְ | וּבָכֹה֘ נֹשֵׂ֪א מֶֽשֶׁךְ־הַ֫זָּ֥רַע בֹּֽא־יָבֹ֥א בְרִנָּ֑ה נֹ֜שֵׂ֗א אֲלֻמֹּתָֽיו
|-
|}

===King James Version===
# When the Lord turned again the captivity of Zion, we were like them that dream.
# Then was our mouth filled with laughter, and our tongue with singing: then said they among the heathen, The Lord hath done great things for them.
# The Lord hath done great things for us; whereof we are glad.
# Turn again our captivity, O Lord, as the streams in the south.
# They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.
# He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him.

===Other translations===
The [[New International Version]] and the [[Revised Standard Version]] refer to "the south" in verse 4 as "the [[Negev]]".

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Psalm 126 is customarily recited before the [[Birkat Hamazon]] (Grace After Meals) on [[Shabbat]], [[Rosh Chodesh]], and [[Jewish holidays]].<ref name=shim>{{cite web |url=https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=49}}</ref> Some say it on other [[Tachanun#Days on which Tachanun is omitted|days when Tachanun is not said]].<ref name=ency>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbuPJeQyeskC&pg=PA251|title=The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer: The Ashkenazic and Sephardic Rites|first=Macy|last=Nulman|year=1996|publisher=Jason Aronson|isbn=1461631246|page=304}}</ref> While on ordinary weekdays, [[Psalm 137]] is traditionally recited before the Birkat Hamazon, that psalm's theme of the [[Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)|Destruction of the Temple]] is considered inappropriate for joyous occasions and holidays. For this reason, Psalm 126 is said before the Birkat Hamazon on Shabbat and Jewish holidays, as well as at other celebratory [[Seudat mitzvah|meals]] such as those at a [[Jewish wedding]], [[brit milah]], and [[pidyon haben]].{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=183}}

At these times, Psalm 126 is customarily sung in full. The psalm lends itself to a wide variety of melodies due to its simple, repeating structure,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q8IQAQAAIAAJ&q=simple+melody|title=A Rabbi reads the Psalms|first=Jonathan|last=Magonet|year=1994|publisher=SCM-Canterbury Press Limited|isbn=9780334013648|edition=2nd|page=120}}</ref> and as such has many musical versions popularized by synagogue groups, youth organizations, summer camps, and others. A version composed by Cantor Pinchas Minkowsky and recorded by Cantor [[Yossele Rosenblatt]] is the most widely known.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chazzanut.com/rosenblatt/rosenblatt-notes.html|title=Cantor Yossele Rosenblatt, Some Notes|work=Chazzanut Online|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> Melodies have been borrowed from other liturgical poems, such as [[El Adon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siddur.eu/learn-to-sing-jewish-prayers|title=Learn to sing Shir HaMaalot (Psalm 126) – Jewish Grace After Meals|year=2018|publisher=Siddur Ba-eir Hei-teiv – The Transliterated Siddur|access-date=31 August 2018}}</ref> [[Yekke|German-speaking Jews]] have a tradition of adapting the liturgical melodies of each holiday's [[synagogue]] services to the singing of Psalm 126 at the table.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewish-music.huji.ac.il/content/shir-hama%E2%80%99alot-umbilical-cord-between-liturgical-and-domestic-soundspheres-ashkenazi-culture|title=Shir HaMaalot – The Umbilical Cord Between Liturgical and Domestic Soundspheres in Ashkenazi Culture|first=Naomi |last=Cohn-Zentner|date=July 2014|access-date=31 August 2018|publisher=[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] Jewish Music Research Centre}}</ref> Whereas fifteen psalms begin with the Masoretic superscription "Shir Hama'alot" ([[Song of Ascents]]), Psalm 126 is eponymously called "Shir Hama'alot" due to its prevalent use.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_OfAAAAMAAJ&dq=psalm+126|title=Through Storms We Grow: And Other Sermons, Lectures, and Essays|first=Alexander Alan |last=Steinbach|publisher=Bloch Publishing Company|year=1964|page=159}}</ref>

Psalm 126 is one of the 15 [[Song of Ascents|Songs of Ascents]] recited after the [[Shabbat]] [[Mincha|afternoon prayer]] in the period between [[Sukkot]] and [[Special Shabbat#Shabbat HaGadol|Shabbat HaGadol]] (the Shabbat prior to [[Passover]]).{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=530}}

Verse 4 is part of [[Selichot]].<ref name=shim/>

===Catholic Church===
According to the [[rule of St. Benedict]] of 530, this Psalm was assigned to the [[None (liturgy)|Office of none]] from Tuesday until Saturday, and following Psalm 127 and Psalm 128.<ref>traduction de Prosper Guéranger, [[Rule of St. Benedict|Règle de saint Benoît]],([[Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes]], réimpression 2007) p46.</ref>

Currently, in the Liturgy of the Hours, Psalm 126 is recited or sung at [[vespers]] on [[Wednesday]] of the third week,<ref name=cycle>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref> In the liturgy of the Mass, it is read on the 30th Sunday in Ordinary Time of the year B6, the second Sunday of [[Advent]] and 5th Sunday of [[Lent]] that year.<ref name=cycle/>

===Pentecostal===
This psalm is occasionally recited by [[Protestant]] [[Pentecostal]] [[Christians]] during [[fasting]] times to attract the blessing of God.{{cn|date=September 2018}}

===Secular usage===
In keeping with its theme of redemption, Psalm 126 was proposed by [[Religious Zionism|Religious Zionists]] to be the [[national anthem]] of the [[State of Israel]].<ref name="Gottesman">{{cite news|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/10288#.UomME8Ssim4|title=Hatikvah: The Impossible Dream|last=Gottesman|first=Ariella|date=31 May 2011|work=[[Arutz Sheva|Israel National News]]|access-date=18 November 2013}}</ref> It, along with at least eleven other proposals, was ultimately passed over in favor of "[[Hatikvah]]", which was ratified as the official national anthem in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-an-unwieldy-romantic-poem-and-a-romanian-folk-song-combined-to-produce-hatikva/|title= How an unwieldy romantic poem and a Romanian folk song combined to produce 'Hatikva'|first=Ilan|last=Ben Zion|date=16 April 2013|access-date=2 September 2018|work=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref>

[[Prime Minister of Israel|Israeli Prime Minister]] [[Menachem Begin]] recited Psalm 126 on the [[White House]] lawn when he signed the second of the [[Camp David Accords]] with [[President of Egypt|Egyptian President]] [[Anwar Sadat]] on March 26, 1979.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-PsRAQAAIAAJ&q=menachem+begin|title=Your Jewish Lexicon|first=Edith|last=Samuel|year=1982|publisher=[[Union of American Hebrew Congregations]]|page=154}}</ref>

==Musical settings==
[[File:In convertendo.JPG|thumb|Title page of the [[manuscript]] of Rameau's ''[[In convertendo Dominus (Rameau)|In convertendo]]'' (1751 version)]]
The complete psalm was set in Latin as a [[motet]] for [[a cappella]] choir by composers including [[George de La Hèle]],<ref>Lavern J. Wagner, [http://0-www.oxfordmusiconline.com.catalogue.ulrls.lon.ac.uk/subscriber/article/grove/music/12724 "La Hèle [Hele], George de"], in [[Oxford Music Online]], accessed 1 January 2015, {{subscription}}</ref> [[Lorenzo Perosi]], [[Jean-Noël Marchand]],<ref>David Fuller and Bruce Gustafson, [http://0-www.oxfordmusiconline.com.catalogue.ulrls.lon.ac.uk/subscriber/article/grove/music/17722pg2 "Marchand (i)"], in [[Oxford Music Online]], accessed 1 January 2015, {{subscription}}</ref> [[Dmitri Bortnyansky]] (1777). [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] compose in 1670 one "''In convertendo Dominus"'', H.169, for soloists, double chorus, strings and continuo. Also, [[Sébastien de Brossard]], [[Michel-Richard de Lalande]], Patrick Douglas.<ref>Gordon Munro, [http://www.musicascotica.org.uk/patrickdouglas.shtml "Patrick Douglas: In convertendo"], in Musica Scotica, accessed 5 October 2018.</ref><ref>Neil McDermott, [https://glasgowchapelchoir.bandcamp.com/track/in-convertendo "We Were Glad - In Memoriam Dr Stuart Campbell by The University of Glasgow Chapel Choir"], in [[Bandcamp]], accessed 5 October 2018.</ref> [[Jean-Philippe Rameau]] composed ''[[In convertendo Dominus (Rameau)|In convertendo Dominus]]'' c. 1710, for choir and orchestra. [[Jules Van Nuffel]] wrote a setting for mixed choir and organ as his [[In convertendo Dominus (Nuffel)|Op. 32]] in 1926. [[Giovanni Bernardino Nanino]] set alternate verses for a cappella choir.<ref name="CPDL">{{CPDL|work=Psalm 126}}</ref>

German settings were made by [[Heinrich Schütz]], [[Johann Hermann Schein]] and Heinrich Hartmann. Verses 5 and 6 were set by [[Johannes Brahms]] within the first movement of ''[[A German Requiem (Brahms)|Ein deutsches Requiem]]'', for choir and orchestra. [[Friedrich Kiel]] set the verses 5 and 6 as No. 5 of his [[Six Motets, Op. 82 (Kiel)|Six Motets, Op. 82]], published in 1883.

Verses of the psalm have been set in English by composers including [[William Byrd]] and [[Charles Villiers Stanford]].<ref name="CPDL" />

In 1998, [[Philip Glass]] composed a setting in which the chorus sings worldless syllables and a narrator recites the text in English.<ref>Neil Levin, "The Book of Psalms and Its Musical Interpretations," booklet notes to "Psalms of Joy and Sorrow," Naxos CD 8.55945</ref>

The psalm is also sung to secular melodies such as "[[Waltzing Matilda]]", "[[The Longest Time]]","[[It's a Small World]]", [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Beethoven's Ninth]], and [[college football]] songs, among many others.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=112#rec|title=Psalm 126: Shir Hama'alot|access-date=1 September 2018|work=Zemirot Database}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zqvkbwCXAJEC&pg=PA147|title=The Gift of Rest: Rediscovering the Beauty of the Sabbath|first=Senator Joe|last=Lieberman|author-link=Joe Lieberman|year=2011|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=9781451606171|page=147}}</ref>

[[Sons_of_Korah_(band)|Sons of Korah]] included a setting of Psalm 126 on their 2000 album, "[[Redemption_Songs_(Sons_of_Korah_album)|Redemption Songs.]]"

The psalm inspired the hymn [[Bringing in the Sheaves]], the lyrics were written in 1874 by Knowles Shaw, now usually set to a tune by George Minor, written in 1880.

==See also==
* [[Birkat Hamazon#Preliminary psalms|Preliminary Psalms]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&id=etK8tgEACAAJ&q=126|title=The Complete Artscroll Siddur|first=Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman|year=2003|publisher=[[Artscroll|Mesorah Publications, Ltd.]]|isbn=9780899066509|edition=3rd}}

== External links ==
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 126|Psalm 126}}
{{commonscat}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 126|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 126}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 126}}
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26c6.htm Psalms Chapter 126] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-126/ Psalm 126 – Amazed at God’s Work] text and detailed commentary, enduringword.com
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/126 A song of ascents. / When the LORD restored the captives of Zion] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-126-1.html Psalm 126:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [[Charles Spurgeon|Charles H. Spurgeon]]: [https://archive.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps126.php Psalm 126] detailed commentary, archive.spurgeon.org
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-126 Psalm 126 / Refrain: The Lord has indeed done great things for us.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20126 Psalm 126] at biblegateway.com
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/126?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 126] hymnary.org

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|126]]

Psalm 125

2021-03-05T05:02:27Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|124}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Psalm 125|previouslink= Psalm 124|previousletter= Psalm 124|nextlink= Psalm 126 |nextletter= Psalm 126| book= [[Book of Psalms]] | biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 19 |hbiblepart= [[Ketuvim]] | hbooknum = 1 |category= [[Ketuvim|Sifrei Emet]] | filename= Psalms scroll.PNG|size=250px | name= Psalms scroll |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Scroll of the Psalms</div>}}

'''Psalm 125''' is the 125th [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 124''' in a slightly different numbering system. It is one of 15 psalms which begin with the words [[Song of Ascents|"A song of ascents"]] (Shir Hama'alot). A short psalm, with only five verses, its [[incipit|opening words]] are:
:''They that trust in the Lord shall be as [[Mount Zion]], which cannot be removed, but abideth for ever.''<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalms|125:1|KJV}}</ref>

The psalm ends with a prayer for peace upon [[Ancient Israel|Israel]]. This is best taken as a "detached clause", like the concluding clause of [[Psalm 128]], according to the [[Pulpit Commentary]].<ref>[https://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/psalms/128.htm Pulpit Commentary] on Psalm 128, accessed 23 September 2018</ref>

==Uses==
[[File:Song of ascents, manuscript on parchmen france.jpg|thumb|right|[[Song of ascents]] on [[parchment]].]]
===Judaism===
This psalm is recited following [[Mincha]] between [[Sukkot]] and [[Shabbat Hagadol]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 530</ref>

===Catholic Church===
Around 530, St. [[Benedict of Nursia]] used this for the office of [[Sext]] from Tuesday until Saturday, after [[Psalm 123|Psalms 123]] and [[Psalm 124|124]], according to the [[Rule of St. Benedict]].<ref>D’après le Complete Artscroll Siddur, compilation des prières juives.</ref><ref>Traduction par Prosper Guéranger, [[Rule of St. Benedict|Règle de saint Benoît]], ([[Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes]], réimpression 2007) p 46.</ref> Today its use is in the [[Liturgy of the Hours]], being recited or sung [[vespers]] Monday of the third week.<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 125}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|125|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|125|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|125]]

Psalm 124

2021-03-05T05:01:51Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|123}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Psalm 124|previouslink= Psalm 123|previousletter= Psalm 123|nextlink= Psalm 125 |nextletter= Psalm 125 | book= [[Book of Psalms]] | biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 19 |hbiblepart= [[Ketuvim]] | hbooknum = 1 |category= [[Ketuvim|Sifrei Emet]] | filename= Enchiridion geistlicher Gesänge 25.jpg| name= Psalm 124 |caption= Psalm 124 in the ''[[Erfurt Enchiridion]]''}}

'''Psalm 124''' is the 124th [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 123''' in a slightly different numbering system. It is one of fifteen psalms that begin with the words [[Song of Ascents|"A song of ascents"]] (Shir Hama'alot).

== Uses ==

=== Judaism ===
The psalm is recited following [[Mincha]] between [[Sukkot]] and [[Shabbat Hagadol]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 530</ref>

=== Lutheranism ===
In 1524, the psalm was paraphrased in German by the [[Protestant reformer]]s [[Justus Jonas]] and Martin Luther. Jonas wrote "[[Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält]]", Luther "[[Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit]]".

===Catholic Church===
According to the [[rule of St Benedict]] around 530AD, this psalm was traditionally performed for the office of [[sextet]] from Tuesday to Saturday.<ref>Rule of Saint Benedict, translation of [[Prosper Gueranger]], (Abbey of Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, reprint 2007)p. 46.</ref> In the Liturgy of the Hours, Psalm 124 is currently recited at the [[Vespers]] of the Monday of the third week.<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref>

It also is the source of the ubiquitous [[versicle]] ''℣: Our help is in the name of the Lord ℟: who created Heaven and Earth'', especially used for introductions of any sort, which is the psalm's verse 8.

==Music==
In 1694, [[Michel-Richard de Lalande]] composed a [[motet]] with regard to this psalm (S. 42), for the services of [[Louis XIV]], in the royal chapel of the [[Chateau of Versailles]]. [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] set in 1690s one "''Nisi quia Dominus'' ''erat'' in nobis" H.217, for soloists, chorus and continuo.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 124|Psalm 124}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 124|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 124}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 124}}
* Text of Psalm 124 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm124.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26c4.htm Psalms Chapter 124] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/124 A song of ascents. Of David. Had not the LORD been with us, let Israel say.] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-124-1.html Psalm 124:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-124/ Psalm 124 – Thanking God for the Help Only He Can Bring] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-124 Psalm 124 / Refrain: Our help is in the name of the Lord.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20124 Psalm 124] at biblegateway.com
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/124?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 124] hymnary.org

{{Hymns and songs based on Psalms}}
{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|124]]
[[Category:Works attributed to David]]

Psalm 123

2021-03-05T05:01:24Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|122}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Psalm 123|previouslink= Psalm 122|previousletter= Psalm 122|nextlink= Psalm 124 |nextletter= Psalm 124 | book= [[Book of Psalms]] | biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 19 |hbiblepart= [[Ketuvim]] | hbooknum = 1 |category= [[Ketuvim|Sifrei Emet]] | filename= Psalms scroll.PNG|size=250px | name= Psalms scroll |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Scroll of the Psalms</div>}}
'''Psalm 123''' is the 123rd [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. It is one of 15 psalms that begin with the words [[Song of Ascents|"A song of ascents"]] (Shir Hama'a lot). In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 122''' in a slightly different numbering system.

==Uses==
[[File:Folio 53r - Prayer of David.jpg|thumb|Miniature '''psaume 123''', ''The Redeemer of Israel '' in the '' [[Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry]]'', [[David (Bible)|David]] praying before an altar surrounded by four figures symbolizing people in danger]]

===Judaism===
*Is recited following [[Mincha]] between [[Sukkot]] and [[Shabbat Hagadol]].<ref>{{Citation | title = The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 530}}.</ref>
*Verse 3 is part of the final paragraph of [[Tachanun]].<ref>{{Citation | title = The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 139}}.</ref>

===Catholic===
Since the [[Middle Ages]], this psalm was traditionally performed during the office of Sext week, namely from [[Tuesday]] until Saturday, according to the [[Rule of St. Benedict]] set in 530 [[Anno Domini |AD]].<ref>{{Citation | title = Complete Artscroll Siddur}}.</ref>

In the Liturgy of Hours today, Psalm 123 is recited or sung at [[Vespers]] on the Monday of the third week of the four weekly liturgical cycle,<ref>{{Citation | first = Prosper | last = Guéranger | title = Règle de saint Benoît | publisher = Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes | year = 2007 | page = 46}}.</ref> as the psalm that follows. In the liturgy of the Mass, it is read on the third Sunday in Ordinary Time of the year.<ref>Le cycle des lectures des messes du dimanche se déroule sur trois ans.</ref>

==Rhyming==
Spurgeon points out that Psalm 123 is a rare case of a Psalm that rhymes in Hebrew.<ref>https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/tod/psalms-123.html</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 123}}
* {{bibleverse|Psalm|123|HE}} in Hebrew and English – Mechon-mamre
* {{bibleverse|Psalm|123|KJV}} King James Bible – Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|123]]

Psalm 122

2021-03-05T05:00:52Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|121}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 122 "I was glad"
| type =
| image = עומדות היו רגלינו (6782104883).jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = Verses 2 and 3 engraved in Hebrew and English on a rock in [[Allenby Square#The first Allenby Square, now IDF Square|Tzahal Square]], outside the [[Walls of Jerusalem]]
| language = Hebrew (original)
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 121 (Vulgate)
* "Laetatus sum"
}}
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 122''' is the 122nd [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 121''' in a slightly different numbering system. It is titled '''Laetatus sum''' or commonly ''[[I was glad]]'', and one of the fifteen psalms from the [[Book of Psalms]] which begin with the words [[Song of Ascents|"A song of ascents"]] (Shir Hama'alot).

==Text==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 122:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּֽעֲל֗וֹת לְדָ֫וִ֥ד שָׂ֖מַחְתִּי בְּאֹֽמְרִ֣ים לִ֑י בֵּ֖ית יְהֹוָ֣ה נֵלֵֽךְ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | עֹֽמְדוֹת הָי֣וּ רַגְלֵ֑ינוּ בִּ֜שְׁעָרַ֗יִךְ יְרֽוּשָׁלִָֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֥ם הַבְּנוּיָ֑ה כְּ֜עִ֗יר שֶׁחֻבְּרָה־לָּ֥הּ יַחְדָּֽו
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | שֶׁשָּׁ֨ם עָל֪וּ שְׁבָטִ֡ים שִׁבְטֵי־יָ֖הּ עֵד֣וּת לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְ֜הֹד֗וֹת לְשֵׁ֣ם יְהֹוָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֚י שָׁ֨מָּה | יָֽשְׁב֣וּ כִסְא֣וֹת לְמִשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּ֜סְא֗וֹת לְבֵ֣ית דָּוִֽד
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | שַֽׁאֲלוּ שְׁל֣וֹם יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יִ֜שְׁלָ֗יוּ אֹֽהֲבָֽיִךְ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | יְהִֽי־שָׁל֥וֹם בְּחֵילֵ֑ךְ שַׁ֜לְוָ֗ה בְּאַרְמְנוֹתָֽיִךְ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | לְמַֽעַן־אַחַ֥י וְרֵעָ֑י אֲדַבְּרָה־נָּ֖א שָׁל֣וֹם בָּֽךְ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | לְמַעַן בֵּית־יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ אֲבַקְשָׁ֖ה ט֣וֹב לָֽךְ
|-
|}

===King James Version===
# I was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the house of the {{Lord}}.
# Our feet shall stand within thy gates, O Jerusalem.
# Jerusalem is builded as a city that is compact together:
# Whither the tribes go up, the tribes of the {{Lord}}, unto the testimony of Israel, to give thanks unto the name of the {{Lord}}.
# For there are set thrones of judgment, the thrones of the house of David.
# Pray for the peace of Jerusalem: they shall prosper that love thee.
# Peace be within thy walls, and prosperity within thy palaces.
# For my brethren and companions' sakes, I will now say, Peace be within thee.
# Because of the house of the {{Lord}} our God I will seek thy good.

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Psalm 122 is recited following [[Mincha]] between [[Sukkot]] and [[Shabbat Hagadol]].<ref>{{Citation |title = The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 530}}</ref> It is also recited on [[Shabbat Nachamu]] (the Shabbat after [[Tisha B'Av]]) in some traditions.<ref>{{Citation |title = The Artscroll Tehillim | page = 329}}</ref>

Verses 7–9 are part of Talmud [[Berakhot (Talmud) |Brachos]] 64a.<ref>{{Citation |title = The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 479}}.</ref>

===Catholic Church===
According to the rule of St. [[Benedict of Nursia |Benedict]] set to 530, this Psalm was traditionally performed during the third act of the week, that is to say Tuesday – Saturday after Psalm 120 (119) and Psalm 121 (120).<ref>{{Citation | title = Règle de saint Benoît | others = traduction de Prosper Guéranger | publisher = Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes | edition = réimpression | year = 2007 | page = 46}}.</ref>

In the [[Liturgy of the Hours]] today, Psalm 122 is recited or sung at Vespers on Saturday of the fourth week. In the liturgy of the [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]], it is recited on the feast of [[Christ the King]], the first Sunday of [[Advent]] in year A and the 34th Sunday in [[Ordinary Time]] in year C.

===Anglicanism===
In the [[Book of Common Prayer]], Psalm 122 is to be said or sung on Day 27 at [[Prayer |Morning Prayer]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/book-of-common-prayer/the-psalter/psalms-120-125.aspx |title= The Book of Common Prayer | quote = The Psalms of David – Day 27. Morning |publisher= The Church of England |access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref>

Verse 1 is used in the [[introit]] for [[Mothering Sunday]] which coincides with [[Laetare Sunday]], also called "Mid-Lent Sunday" or [[Refreshment Sunday]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=Francis |title=The English Gradual, part 2 |date=1921 |publisher=Plainchant Publications Committee |location=London}}</ref>

==Musical settings==
{{see also|I was glad}}
*[[Monteverdi]] set the Latin ([[Vulgate]]) text, ''Laetatus sum'', at least three times, in his [[Vespro della Beata Vergine]] of 1610 and twice as a stand-alone motet in 1643.
*[[Marc-Antoine Charpentier|Charpentier]] set the same text in 1671, again as a motet, catalogued as H.161, for soloists, chorus, flutes, strings and continuo. In 1690, he set another "Laetatus sum" H.216, for soloists, chorus, 2 treble instruments and continuo.
*[[Jommelli]] did the same, in 1743.
*An abridged form of the Book of Common Prayer translation, ''[[I was glad]]'', is used in [[Hubert Parry|Parry]]'s 1902 [[coronation anthem]] of that name.
*The same English text was used for coronation music by [[Henry Purcell]], [[William Boyce (composer)|William Boyce]], [[Thomas Attwood (composer)|Thomas Attwood]] and others.
*[[Herbert Howells]] set verses 6 and 7 in his anthem "O, pray for the peace of Jerusalem."
*In 1676 Biber conceives a name piece (C.9) to Salzburg. In 1693, Michel-Richard Delalande wrote his grand motet (S.47), but unfortunately, today lost.
*[[Jules Van Nuffel]] set the psalm in Latin, [[Laetatus sum (Van Nuffel)|Laetatus sum]], for mixed choir and organ in 1935.
*In the Liturgy of the Hours of the Catholic Church (the Divine Office), in Latin, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vsa7et69Jo Laetatus sum] is chanted in Mode VII.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 122|Psalm 122}}
{{commonscat|Psalm 122}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 122|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 122}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 122}}
* Text of Psalm 122 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm122.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26c2.htm Psalms Chapter 122] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/122 A song of ascents. Of David. / I rejoiced when they said to me, “Let us go to the house of the LORD"] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-122-1.html Psalm 122:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-122/ Psalm 122 – Coming to the House of the LORD and the City of God] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-122 Psalm 122 / Refrain: How lovely is your dwelling place, O Lord of hosts.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20122 Psalm 122] at biblegateway.com

{{Psalms}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Psalms|122]]
[[Category:Works attributed to David]]

Psalm 121

2021-03-05T05:00:08Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|120}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Psalm 121|previouslink= Psalm 120|previousletter= Psalm 120|nextlink= Psalm 122 |nextletter= Psalm 122 | book= [[Book of Psalms]] | biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 19  | filename= Psalm 121.jpg | name= Psalm 121 |caption= Looking to the mountains is the opening thought of Psalm 121}}
[[File:Shear Yashuv Cohen at Signing of the Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty (1994).webm|thumb|[[She'ar Yashuv Cohen]] reading Psalm 121 at [[Israel–Jordan peace treaty]] ceremony]]
[[File:Margaretc.jpg|thumb|The headstone of the English [[botanist]], [[Joan Margaret Legge]] in the [[Valley of Flowers National Park|Valley of Flowers]] in the [[Himalaya]], quoting the first verse of Psalm 121]]
'''Psalm 121''' is the 121st psalm of the [[Book of Psalms]]. The beginning in English, in the [[King James Version]], is "I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help." In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in the Latin [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 120''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "'''Levavi oculos meos in montes'''".<ref name="Mediavalist">{{Cite web |url=http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps120.htm |title=Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 120 (121) |access-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930160331/http://www.medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps109.htm |archive-date=2017-09-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is one of 15 psalms categorized as [[Song of Ascents]] (''Shir Hama'alot''), although unlike the others, it begins, ''Shir LaMa'alot'' (A song ''to'' the ascents).

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], and [[Protestant]] liturgies. It has been set to music in several languages. [[Felix Mendelssohn]] included a trio setting in his [[Dixit Dominus (Vivaldi)|three times]]. [[Leonard Bernstein]] used the psalm in his ''[[Mass (Bernstein)|Mass]]''.

==Uses==
===Biblical uses===
As a [[song of Ascent|song of ascent]], this [[psalm]] might have been sung by the [[Levites]] at the [[Temple in Jerusalem]]. It is also possible that it was sung by [[pilgrim]]s on their way to Jerusalem. At the beginning of the pilgrimage, in the mountainous region of the Judean Hills, the pilgrim recognizes that the Lord is the one who can give him the help he needs. The one who trusts in the Lord is certain that He will bring him protection day and night. Prayer moves from the first to the second person in verse 3, and even takes the form of a [[blessing]] in verses 7 and 8. This will conclude the prayer of different singers by the prospect of change.

===Judaism===
*Is recited following [[Mincha]] between [[Sukkot]] and [[Shabbat Hagadol]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 530.</ref>
*Verse 4 is part of the prayers of the [[Bedtime Shema]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 295.</ref>
*Verse 7 is part of the blessing given by the [[kohein]] at a [[pidyon haben]] ceremony.<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 221.</ref>
*Verse 8 is part of the prayers of the [[Bedtime Shema]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 293.</ref>

===Protestant Christianity===
Psalm 121 has the [[Latin]] [[incipit]], ''Levavi oculus''. In the [[Anglican]] [[Book of Common Prayer]], it is prescribed for use on day 27 of each month, at [[Morning Prayer (Anglican)|Morning Prayer]].<ref name ="BCP">{{cite web |url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/book-of-common-prayer/the-psalter/psalms-120-125.aspx |title=The Book of Common Prayer – The Psalms of David – Day 27. Morning Prayer |website=churchofengland.org |publisher=The Archbishops' Council |access-date=27 September 2014 }}</ref> The first verse is frequently quoted on monuments and memorials commemorating those inspired by mountains or hills. A well known example is a [[stained glass]] window in [[Church of St Olaf, Wasdale]] in the English [[Lake District National Park]], which quotes Psalm 121 as a memorial to members of the [[Fell & Rock Climbing Club]] who were killed in the [[First World War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitcumbria.com/wc/wasdale-st-olafs-church/ |title=Wasdale – St Olaf’s Church |website=visitcumbria.com |publisher=Visit Cumbria |access-date=29 September 2014}}</ref>
[[Charles Spurgeon|Spurgeon]] called it '' a soldier's song as well as a traveller's hymn''<ref>[http://spurgeon.org/treasury/ps121.htm Psalm 121] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025094313/http://www.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps121.htm |date=2015-10-25 }} @spurgons commentary.</ref> while [[David Livingstone|Livingstone]] read the Psalm with his family dockside on his leaving for [[Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.preceptaustin.org/psalm_121_a_commentary|title=Psalm 121 Commentary | Precept Austin|website=www.preceptaustin.org}}</ref>

===Catholic Church===
Around 530, St. [[Benedict of Nursia]] chose this Psalm for the third office during the week, specifically from Tuesday until Saturday between [[Psalm 120]] (119) and [[Psalm 122]] (121). Indeed, attributing Psalm 119 (118), whichever is longer, to the services on Sunday and Monday, he structured offices of the week with nine suivants<ref>Règle de saint Benoît, traduction par Prosper Guéranger, (Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, 2007), p. 46.</ref> psalms.
In the Liturgy of Hours today, Psalm 121 is recited Vespers Friday of the second week. In the liturgy of the Word, it took the 29th Sunday in [[Ordinary Time]], year C. It is during this period that the Church prays for refugees.<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref>

==Text==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
:'''[[Clementine Vulgate]]''' (Psalm 120)
:1 Levavi oculos meos in montes, unde veniet auxilium mihi.
:2 Auxilium meum a Domino, qui fecit caelum et terram.
:(There are eight verses in all.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drbo.org/lvb/chapter/21120.htm |title=Latin Vulgate (Clementine) - Book Of Psalms - Psalm 120 |website=drbo.org |access-date=27 September 2014 }}</ref>
{{col-2}}
:'''Book of Common Prayer'''
:1 I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills : from whence cometh my help.
:2 My help cometh from the LORD : who hath made heaven and earth.<ref name ="BCP"/>
{{col-end}}

==Musical settings==
[[File:Dannenwalde hausaufschrift.jpg|thumb|380px|Latin inscription of Psalm 121 on the pediment of the [[Dannenwalde Manor|Dannenwalde Manor house]], Germany]]
Musical settings for the Latin text have been composed by [[Orlando di Lasso]], [[Hans Leo Hassler]], and [[Herbert Howells]] amongst others.

Settings composed for the English text include [[John Clarke-Whitfeld]], [[Charles Villiers Stanford]], [[Henry Walford Davies]],and [[Imant Raminsh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Psalm_121 |title=Psalm 121 |website=1.cpdl.org |publisher=Choral Public Domain Library |access-date=27 September 2014 }}</ref>

[[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] composer [[Zoltán Kodály]] composed his Geneva Ps CXXI (mixed chorus [[a cappella]]) for the Hungarian translation.<ref>http://www.kodaly-inst.hu/zoltan_kodaly/compositions/unaccompanied_choral_works</ref>

[[Felix Mendelssohn]] composed the famous "Hebe deine Auge auf" as a trio of his oratorio ''[[Elijah (oratorio)|Elijah]]'', Op. 70, in 1846. [[Heinrich Schütz]] created a version for four voices and [[basso continuo]] (SWV 31).

The setting by [[William McKie (musician)|William McKie]] was sung at the wedding of Princess Margaret in 1960 and at the [[funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/apr/09/queenmother.monarchy8 |title=Funeral of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother: Full text of the service held at Westminster Abbey |date=9 April 2002 |website=theguardian.com |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited }}</ref>

Israeli [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] singer-songwriter [[Yosef Karduner]] composed a popular Hebrew version of Psalm 121, ''Shir LaMa'alot'' (2000), which has been covered by many Israeli artists,<ref name=ynet>{{cite web |url= http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4298427,00.html|title= קרדונר מעדיף שיר מורכב - ודיבור פשוט|trans-title=Karduner Prefers a Complex Song – "Simple Talk"|language=he|work=[[Ynetnews]]|date=30 October 2012|access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref> including [[Omer Adam]], [[Ninet Tayeb]], [[Mosh Ben-Ari]], the [[Shalva Band]], among others. It is a staple amongst synagogue youth groups in Israel and Canada.<ref name=breslev>{{cite web |url=http://www.breslev.co.il/articles/judaism/jewish_culture/breslevs_sweet_singer.aspx?id=9582&language=english|title=Breslev's Sweet Singer|first=Tal|last=Rotem|date=28 July 2008|publisher=breslev.co.il|access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref>

[[Antonín Dvořák]] set verses 1–4 in Czech to music in his ''[[Biblical Songs]]'' (1894).

[[Leonard Bernstein]] uses the psalm in his ''[[Mass (Bernstein)|Mass]]'' in the second movement in 1971.

==Influence==
The motto of [[University of Calgary |The University of Calgary]], "''Mo shuile togam suas''" ([[Scottish Gaelic|Scots Gaelic]]; in English: "''I will lift up my eyes''"), is derived from Psalm 121.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/dflynn/motto |title=Motto matters |website=ucalgary.ca |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>

In his [[World War I]]-era “Close Ranks” editorial, [[W. E. B. Du Bois|W.E.B. Du Bois]] wrote, “We make no ordinary sacrifice, but we make it gladly and willingly with our eyes lifted to the hills.”<ref>[[W. E. B. Du Bois|Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt]], ''[[The Crisis]]'', vol. 16, no.3 (July 1918), p. 111</ref>

Several contemporary Israeli poets, such as [[Leah Goldberg]] and [[Haim Gouri]], wrote poems named after the psalm's first words ("I will lift my eyes to the mountains") or a variation of them.

[[Yarra Valley Grammar]] co-educational grammar school, located in Ringwood, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia uses the motto ''Levavi Oculos''

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 121|Psalm 121}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 121|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 121}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 121}}
* Text of Psalm 121 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm121.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26c1.htm Psalms Chapter 121] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/121 A song of ascents. / I raise my eyes toward the mountains. / From whence shall come my help?] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-121-1.html Psalm 121:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-121/ Psalm 121 – The God Who Keeps and Helps] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-121 Psalm 121 / Refrain: The Lord shall keep you from all evil.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20121 Psalm 121] at biblegateway.com
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/121?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 121] hymnary.org
* [http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=40 Traditional Jewish tunes for the first two verses of the psalm]

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|121]]

Psalm 120

2021-03-05T04:59:39Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|119}}
[[File:SigfusdatterAdDominum.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Verse 1: Ad dominum ...]]

'''Psalm 120''' is the 120th [[psalm]] from the [[Book of Psalms]]. It is the first of a series of 15 psalms that begin with the words [[Song of Ascents|"A song of ascents"]] (Shir Hama'alot).<ref>Commentaires sur les psaumes, d’Hilaire de Poitiers, (IVe siècle, Paris, Éditions du Cerf, 2008, collection sources chrétiennes) n°515,</ref><ref>Commentaires sur les psaumes, de saint [[John Chrysostom]] (IVe siècle)</ref> In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 119'''.

==Uses==

[[File:Psalms scroll.PNG|thumb|Scroll of the Psalms]]
===Judaism===
*This psalm is recited following [[Mincha]] between [[Sukkot]] and [[Shabbat Hagadol]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 530</ref>

===Catholic Church===
According to the Rule of St. [[Benedict of Nursia|Benedict]] set in 530, this [[Psalm]] was sung or recited during the third office during the week, namely from Tuesday until Saturday, followed by Psalm 121 (120) and Psalm 122 (121) and after the offices of the Sunday and Monday were occupied with Psalm 119, which is the longest among the 150 psalms.<ref>Règle de saint Benoît, traduction par Prosper Guéranger, (Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, 2007) p46</ref>

In the [[Liturgy of the Hours]], Psalm 120 is now recited in [[Vespers]] on the Monday of the fourth week of the four weekly liturgical cycle.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 120}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|120|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|120|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|120]]

Psalm 119

2021-03-05T04:58:49Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|118}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 119
| subtitle = "Blessed are the undefiled in the way"
| type = [[Psalms#Primary types|Hymn psalm]]
| image = Giovannino de' grassi, Psalm 118-81, Biblioteca Nazionale, Florence.jpg
| alt =
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = Manuscript of verse 81 by Giovannino de' grassi, Biblioteca Nazionale, Florence
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 118 (Vulgate)
* "Beati inmaculati in via"
}}
| related =
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 119''' is the 119th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "Blessed are the undefiled in the way, who walk in the law of the Lord". The Book of Psalms is in the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], the ''Khetuvim'', and a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. The psalm is referred to in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] by its opening words, "''Ashrei temimei derech''" ("happy are those whose way is perfect"). In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible, and in its Latin translation [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 118''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "Beati inmaculati in via qui ambulant in lege Domini."<ref>{{Citation | url = http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps118.htm | work = Parallel Latin/English Psalter | title = Psalmus 118 (119) | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps118.htm | archive-date= 2017-05-07 | publisher = Medievalist}}</ref> The psalm is a [[Psalms#Primary types|hymn psalm]].

With 176 verses, the psalm is the longest psalm as well as the longest chapter in the Bible. It is an [[acrostic]] poem, in which each set of eight verses begins with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The theme of the verses is the prayer of one who delights in and lives by the [[Torah]], the sacred law. Unlike most other psalms, the author did not include his name in the text. The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], and Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music often. British Politician [[William Wilberforce]] would recite the entire Psalm, while walking back from Parliament, through [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], to his home.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://members.classicalconversations.com/article/reminders-god|title=Reminders from God|website=Classical Conversations|language=en|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref>

==Background and themes==
In [[Judaism]] Psalm 119 has the monikers ''Alpha-Beta'' and ''Temanya Apin'' (Aramaic: "eight faces").<ref>Psalm 119 is referred to as temanya apin in Berachot 4b:אִילֵּימָא מִשּׁוּם דְּאָתְיָא בְּאָלֶף בֵּית, נֵימָא ״אַשְׁרֵי תְמִימֵי דָרֶךְ״ דְּאָתְיָא בִּתְמָנְיָא אַפִּין It is referred to as alfa beta by R. Shlomo Alkabetz (quoted by Shelah here) where he lists the texts that were recited as part of tikkun leil shavuot:אח"כ (תהילים י״ט:ב׳) מזמור השמים מספרים, ומזמור יקום אלקים (שם סח). אח"כ האלפא ביתא (שם קיט) בלא השירות {{Citation | url = https://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/119557/refs-for-ps-119-being-called-alfa-bita-and-temanaya-apei | title="Refs for Ps. 119 being called “Alfa-Bita” and “Temanaya Apei”?" | access-date= 2021-01-14}}</ref>

==Text==
===King James Version===
The English version in the King James Bible can be seen at {{Sourcetext |source= Bible |version= King James |book= Psalms |chapter= 119}}.

==Structure==
[[File:Psalms WesternWall.jpg|thumb|A [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] Jew reciting Psalm 119 at the [[Western Wall]]]]

Psalm 119 is one of several [[acrostic]] poems found in the Bible. Its 176 verses are divided into 22 stanzas, one for each of the 22 characters that make up the [[Hebrew alphabet]]. In the Hebrew text, each of the eight verses of each stanza begins with the same Hebrew letter. This feature was not maintained in the [[Septuagint]], except that many manuscripts have placed at the beginning of each stanza the name of the corresponding Hebrew letter (for example, ʾalef the first stanza, the last is taw).<ref>{{Citation | title = La Chaîne palestinienne sur le Psaume 118, introduction, texte grec critique et traduction | language = fr | first = Marguerite | last = Harl | location = Paris | publisher = Cerf | year = 1972 | volume = 1 | page = 106}}.</ref>

Because of this structure, the Psalm was one of the main occurrences of the Hebrew alphabet in the texts of the medieval and modern West.<ref name="Lyse Schwarzfuchs 2004">{{Citation | first = Lyse | last = Schwarzfuchs | language = fr | title = Le livre hébreu à Paris au XVIe siècle : inventaire chronologique | place = Paris | publisher = Bibliothèque nationale de France | year = 2004}}.</ref>

Each of the 22 sections of 8 verses is subheaded with the name of a letter in the Hebrew alphabet. These subheadings are spelled very differently amongst the various Bible text versions, even amongst the translations into different foreign languages. Their antiquated spellings shown in the Authorized King James Version of 1611 were written with influences of Latin and German medieval theological scholarship—forms which greatly differ from the standard modern-day renditions.

Most printed editions also show the actual Hebrew letters along with these subheadings.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+
! rowspan="2" |'''Section'''
! rowspan="2" |'''Hebrew'''
'''Letter'''
! colspan="2" |'''Hebrew Letter Name'''
! rowspan="2" |'''Verses'''
|-
!'''KJV (1611)'''
!'''Modern'''
|-
|I
|'''א'''
|Aleph
|ʾAlef
|1–8
|-
|II
|'''ב'''
|Beth
|Beth
|9–16
|-
|III
|'''ג'''
|Gimel
|Gimel
|17–24
|-
|IV
|'''ד'''
|Daleth
|Daleth
|25–32
|-
|V
|'''ה'''
|He
|Heʾ
|33–40
|-
|VI
|'''ו'''
|Vau (Vav)
|Waw
|41–48
|-
|VII
|'''ז'''
|Za(j)in
|Zayin
|49–56
|-
|VIII
|'''ח'''
|Cheth
|Ḫeth
|57–64
|-
|IX
|'''ט'''
|Teth
|Ṭeth
|65–72
|-
|X
|'''י'''
|Jod
|Yudh
|73–80
|-
|XI
|'''כ'''
|C(h)aph
|Kaf
|81–88
|-
|XII
|'''ל'''
|Lamed
|Lamedh
|89–96
|-
|XIII
|'''מ'''
|Mem
|Mem
|97–104
|-
|XIV
|'''נ'''
|Nun
|Nun
|105–12
|-
|XV
|'''ס'''
|Samech
|Samekh
|113–20
|-
|XVI
|'''ע'''
|A(j)in
|ʿAyin
|121–28
|-
|XVII
|'''פ'''
|Pe
|Peʾ
|129–36
|-
|XVIII
|'''צ'''
|Tzaddi(k)
|Ṣadheh
|137–44
|-
|XIX
|'''ק'''
|Koph
|Quf
|145–52
|-
|XX
|'''ר'''
|Res(c)h
|Resh
|153–60
|-
|XXI
|'''ש'''
|S(ch)in
|Śin / Shin
|161–68
|-
|XXII
|'''ת'''
|Tau (Tav)
|Taw
|169–76
|}

==Literary features==
This psalm is one of about a dozen alphabetic [[acrostic]] poems in the Bible. Its 176 verses are divided into twenty-two stanzas, one stanza for each letter of the [[Hebrew alphabet]]; within each stanza, each of the eight verses begins (in Hebrew) with that letter.<ref name= "murphy">{{cite book | title=The Gift of the Psalms | last= Murphy | first= Roland E. | publisher= Hendrickson | year= 2000 | isbn= 1-56563-474-8}}</ref> The name of God (Yahweh/Jehovah) appears twenty-four times.

Employed in almost (but not quite) every verse of the psalm is a [[synonym]] for the Torah, such as ''dabar'' ("word, promise"), ''mishpatim'' ("rulings"), etc.<ref name="murphy"/>

The acrostic form and the use of the Torah words constitute the framework for an elaborate prayer. The grounds for the prayer are established in the first two stanzas (''alef'' and ''beth''): the Torah is held up as a source of blessing and right conduct, and the psalmist pledges to dedicate himself to the law. The prayer proper begins in the third stanza (''gimel'', v. 17). Like many other psalms, this prayer includes dramatic lament (e.g. verses 81–88), joyous praise (e.g. verses 45–48) and prayers for life, deliverance and vindication (e.g. verses 132–34). What makes Psalm 119 unique is the way that these requests are continually and explicitly grounded in the gift of the Torah and the psalmist's loyalty to it.

The first and fifth verses in a stanza often state the same theme followed by a statement of opposition, affliction or conflict, and the final (eighth) verse tends to be a transition introducing the next stanza. Several dozen prayers are incorporated into the Psalm, e.g. "Open my eyes that I may behold wondrous things out of your law." Themes include opposition by man, affliction, delight in the law and the goodness of God, which sometimes run into each other: "I know, O Lord, that your rules are righteous, and that in faithfulness you have afflicted me" (v. 75), or "If your law had not been my delight, I would have perished in my affliction" (v. 92). The Psalmist at times seems to appeal to God's sovereignty, "inclining his heart to the law" in contrast to the Psalmist saying "I incline my heart."{{clarify|date= February 2014}} Thus, God as sovereign is invoked in v.36 "Incline my heart to your testimonies", while the Psalmist also takes personal responsibility in v. 112, "I incline my heart to perform your statutes forever." It ends with an appeal to God to seek his servant who strayed.

==Uses==
===Judaism===
*Verse 66 is recited prior to the [[shofar]] blowing on [[Rosh Hashanah]].<ref name= "ReferenceA">{{Citation |title= The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah |page= 435}}.</ref>
*Verse 72 is quoted in [[Pirkei Avot]], Chapter 6, no. 9.<ref>{{Citation |title= The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 587}}</ref>
*Verses 89–91 are recited during the blessings before the [[Shema]] on the second day of [[Rosh Hashanah]].<ref>{{Citation | title = The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah | page = 269}}.</ref>
*Verse 99 is quoted in Pirkei Avot, Chapter 4, no. 1.<ref>{{Citation | title = The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 565}}.</ref>
*Verse 108 is recited prior to the shofar blowing on Rosh Hashanah.<ref name= "ReferenceA" />
*Verse 122 is recited prior to the shofar blowing on Rosh Hashanah.<ref name= "ReferenceA" />
*Verse 142 is part of [[Uva Letzion]]<ref>{{Citation | title = The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 157}}.</ref> and [[Tzidkatcha]].<ref>{{Citation | title = The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 525}}.</ref>
*Parts of verses 153–54 comprise the blessing ''Re'eh'' of the weekday [[Amidah]].<ref>{{Citation | title = The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 102}}.</ref>
*Verse 160 is recited prior to the shofar blowing on Rosh Hashanah.<ref name= "ReferenceA" />
*Verse 162 is recited prior to the shofar blowing on Rosh Hashanah.<ref name= "ReferenceA" />
*Verse 165 is part of Talmud [[Berakhot (Talmud)|Berachos]] 64a.<ref>{{Citation | title = The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 479}}.</ref>
*Verses 166, 162, and 165 are recited in that order by the [[mohel]] at a [[brit milah]].<ref>{{Citation | title = The Complete Artscroll Siddur | page = 209}}.</ref>

===Eastern Orthodox===
[[File:Folio 48v - Psalm CXIX.jpg|thumb|right|175px|Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry, Folio 49r - David Releases Prisoners the Musée Condé, [[Chantilly, Oise|Chantilly]]]]
The psalm (118 in the [[Septuagint]]) figures prominently in the worship of the [[Orthodox Church]]. There is a tradition that [[King David]] used this psalm to teach his young son [[Solomon]] the alphabet—but not just the alphabet for writing letters: the alphabet of the spiritual life.

The psalm comprises an entire [[Kathisma]] (division of the [[Psalter]]) in Orthodox [[liturgy|liturgical]] practice. In Orthodox [[monasteries]] it is read daily at the [[Midnight Office]]: "At midnight I arose to give thanks unto Thee for the judgments of Thy righteousness" (v. 62). It is read at [[Matins]] on Saturdays and is also chanted on many Sundays throughout the year. A major portion of Matins on [[Holy Saturday]] comprises chanting the entire psalm as a [[threnody]], divided into three parts ([[stasis (liturgy)|stases]]) with Praises (Greek: ''Enkomia'') interspersed between each verse. This chanting is done as all stand holding candles around a catafalque over which has been placed the [[Epitaphion]] (a [[shroud]] embroidered with the figure of Christ laid out for burial).

The psalm is also chanted with special solemnity at [[Christian burial#Eastern Orthodox burial ritual|Orthodox funeral services]] and on the various [[All-Souls Day]]s occurring throughout the year, with "[[Alleluia]]" chanted between each verse. Its use here is a reflection of the chanting done on Holy Saturday. "Alleluia" is chanted between the verses to signify the victory over death accomplished by Christ's [[Death of Jesus|death]] and [[Resurrection of Jesus|Resurrection]], and the eternal reward promised to the faithful.

The Psalm contains several dozen prayers and several themes run through it. God's goodness in the midst of affliction and delight in God's law. God is seen sovereignly "inclining ones heart" and the Psalmist "inclines his heart" to the statutes.

=== Latin Church liturgy ===
[[Image:Hammerhof Hinterglasbild Psalm 119.jpg|right|thumb|Reverse glass painting of a woman praying Psalm 119 (118):22, ''Aufer a me opprobrium et contemptum'' ("Take away from me scorn and contempt")]]

The [[Rule of Saint Benedict]] assigned this psalm to four minor [[canonical hours]] on Sundays and three on Mondays. The sections corresponding to the first four letters of the 22-letter Hebrew alphabet are used at [[prime (liturgy)|Prime]], the following sets of three sections at [[Terce]], [[Sext]] and [[nones (liturgy)|None]] on Sundays. The remaining sections corresponding to the last nine letters of the Hebrew alphabet, are assigned to Terce, Sext and None on Mondays.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.gregorianbooks.com/gregorian/www/www.kellerbook.com/Monastic.htm|title=Monastic |website= Gregorian books}}</ref>

The 1568 [[Roman Breviary]] of [[Pope Pius V]] has Psalm 119 recited in its entirety every day: the sections corresponding to the first four letters of the Hebrew alphabet at Prime, and the others in sets of six sections each at Terce, Sext and None respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.gregorianbooks.com/gregorian/www/www.kellerbook.com/PRE-19~1.HTM |title= Pre-Pius X Psalter (up to 1911) |website= Gregorian books}}</ref><ref name= Foursch>{{cite web |url= http://www.gregorianbooks.com/gregorian/www/www.kellerbook.com/Foursch.htm |title= Arrangement of the Psalms |website= Gregorian books}}</ref>

In the 1910 [[reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X]], Psalm 119 is recited only on Sundays, divided as in the arrangement of Pius V.<ref name= Foursch/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.gregorianbooks.com/gregorian/www/www.kellerbook.com/1911-1~2.HTM |title= Pius X Psalter (1911-1971) |website= Gregorian books}}</ref>

Since the reform of the [[Roman Rite]] liturgy in the wake of the [[Second Vatican Council]], the [[Liturgy of the Hours]] has a section of Psalm 119, corresponding to a single letter of the Hebrew alphabet, in the midday canonical hour on each day of the four-week cycle except on Monday of the first week (when the second half of Psalm 19 (18), which is similar in theme, is used instead) and on Friday of the third week (when the [[Passion of Christ|Passion]] Psalm 22 (21) is used). In addition, a section of Psalm 119 is used at Saturday [[Lauds]] in weeks 1 and 3, and another section at [[Vespers]] of Saturday of week 1.

In the [[Roman Rite]] [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] portions of Psalm 119 are used a [[responsorial psalm]] on Sundays 6 and 17 of Year A of the three-year cycle of Sunday readings, on Saturday of the first week in [[Lent]] and on the third Monday in Eastertide. It is also used on five days of Year I of the two-year cycle of [[Ordinary Time]] weekday readings{{Efn | Wednesday and Friday of week 7, Tuesday of week 10, Thursday of week 32, Monday of week 33.}} and fifteen days of Year II.{{Efn | Saturday of week 4, Monday of week 6, Friday of week 9, Wednesday of week 12, Friday of week 13, Monday of week 18, Tuesday of week 19, Monday of week 22, Tuesday and Wednesday of week 25, Saturday of week 26, Tuesday of week 28, Friday of week 29, Friday of week 32, Friday of week 33.}} A portion is also used on the feast of a [[Doctor of the Church]].<ref>{{Citation | language = la | url = http://www.ccwatershed.org/media/pdfs/14/05/05/11-44-20_0.pdf | title = Ordo Lectionum Missae | publisher = Libreria Editrice Vaticana | year = 1981}}.</ref>

==Musical settings==
[[File:Scottish Metrical Psalter (24970711791).jpg|thumb|"O God, My Strength and Fortitude" in the 16th-century ''[[Scottish Psalter|Scottish Metrical Psalter]]'']]
*Psalm 119:1 was set to music by [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] in ''[[Three Latin Motets]]'', Op. 38.
*Psalm 119:18 inspired the hymn ''Open My Eyes, That I May See'' by [[Clara H. Scott]].<ref>{{cite web |last = Donovan|first = Richard Niell |title= Hymn Story: Open My Eyes |url= http://www.lectionary.org/HymnStories/Open%20My%20Eyes.htm |publisher=Lectionary |date= 2007}}</ref>
*Psalm 119:33–38 was set to music by [[William Byrd]] as ''Teach Me, O Lord''.
*Psalm 119:57–64 was set to music by [[Robert White (composer)]] as ''Portio mea Domine''.
*Psalm 119:89 is a popular Nigerian praise song.
*Psalm 119:105 was set to music by [[Amy Grant]] as "Thy Word" on the 1984 album ''[[Straight Ahead (Amy Grant album)|Straight Ahead]]''.
*Psalm 119:105-111 was set to music by [[Henry Purcell]] as "Thy word is a lantern".
*Psalm 119:1–176 was completed in 1671 by [[Heinrich Schütz]].
*Psalm 119:18, 36, and 133 as "Open Thou Mine Eyes" by [[John Rutter]]. Performed by [[The Cambridge Singers]] on "Gloria" and other albums.
*Czech composer [[Antonín Dvořák]] set verses 114, 117, 119 and 120 to music in his ''[[Biblical Songs]]'' (1894).

A complete English version of Psalm 119 from the King James Bible was completed by Frederick Steinruck, Michael Misiaszek, and Michael Owens.

In [[Protestant Christianity]], various [[metrical Psalm|metrical settings]] of Psalm 119 have been published, including "O God, My Strength and Fortitude" by [[Thomas Sternhold]], which appeared in the ''[[Scottish Psalter]]'' of 1535.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stevenson |first1=William Fleming |title=Hymns for the church and home, selected and ed. by W.F. Stevenson |date=1873 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhADAAAAQAAJ&dq=o%20god%20my%20strength%20and%20fortitude%20scottish%20psalter&pg=PT185 |access-date=6 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=O God, My Strength and Fortitude |url=https://hymnary.org/text/o_god_my_strength_and_fortitude |website=Hymnary.org |access-date=6 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The Psalm is put to music in The Book of Psalms for Worship, published by Crown and Covenant Publications.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.crownandcovenant.com/The_Book_of_Psalms_for_Worship_p/cm101.htm |title= The Book of Psalms for Worship, Psalter, Book of Psalms |website= Crown and covenant}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[It is time to work for the Lord]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist |32em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book | title = An Exposition of Psalm 119 | author-link = Charles Bridges (theologian) | first = Charles | last = Bridges | publisher = The Banner of Truth Trust | place = Edinburgh | year = 1974 | orig-year = 1827 | isbn = 0-85151-176-7}}
* Scott N. Callaham: "An Evaluation of Psalm 119 as Constrained Writing," ''Hebrew Studies'' 50 (2009): 121–35.

== External links ==
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 119|Psalm 119}}
{{commonscat}}
* {{CPDL|text=Psalm 119}}
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26b9.htm Psalms Chapter 119] text in Hebrew and English, Mechon-mamre.
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-119-1.html Psalm 119:1] introduction and text, Bible study tools.
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-119/ Psalm 119 – The Greatness and Glory of God's Word], Enduring word.
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/119?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 119], Hymnary.
* [http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=16340 Tehillim - Psalm 119 (Judaica Press)] translation with [[Rashi]]'s commentary at [[Chabad.org]]
* [mms://media.jvod.info/Nosach/Aharon_Amram/psalms/119.mp3 Yemenite Jewish reading of Psalm 119], Aharon Amram (published by [http://www.nosachteiman.co.il/?CategoryID=725&ArticleID=3078 "מתמנה" - מזמור קי"ט בתהלים - נוסח תימן])
* {{Citation | publisher = O great mystery | archive-date = 2007-03-13 | url = http://www.ogreatmystery.com/newskete/psalter/kathisma17.html#p119 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070313094911/http://www.ogreatmystery.com/newskete/psalter/kathisma17.html#p119 | title = Psalm 119 | work = [[New Skete]] Psalter translation}}.
* {{Citation | url = http://pomog.org/index.html?http%3A%2F%2Fpomog.org%2Fpsalter%2Fk17.htm | archive-date = 2005-12-16 | publisher = POMOG | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051216114458/http://pomog.org/index.html?http%3A%2F%2Fpomog.org%2Fpsalter%2Fk17.htm | title = Psalm 118 (LXX numbering) | work = Holy Transfiguration Monastery Psalter translation}}.
* {{Cite book | publisher = Grace gems | url = http://www.gracegems.org/26/BRIDGES.htm | title = Exposition of Psalm 119 | first = Charles | last = Bridges | year = 1827}}. Full text, public school.

{{Psalms}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Psalms|119]]

Psalm 118

2021-03-05T04:58:11Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{short description|Psalm}}
{{Psalm nr|117}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Psalm 118|previouslink= Psalm 117|previousletter= Psalm 117|nextlink= Psalm 119 |nextletter= Psalm 119 | book= [[Book of Psalms]] | biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 19 |hbiblepart= [[Ketuvim]] | hbooknum = 1 |category= [[Ketuvim|Sifrei Emet]] | filename= Psalms scroll.PNG|size=250px | name= Psalms scroll |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Scroll of the Psalms</div>}}
'''Psalm 118''' is the 118th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: because his mercy endureth for ever." The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], and a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 117''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "'''Confitemini Domino quoniam bonus quoniam in saeculum misericordia eius'''".<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps117.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 117 (118)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps117.htm |date=2017-05-07 }} medievalist.net</ref> Its themes are thanksgiving to God and reliance on God rather than on human strength.

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant liturgies.

== Text ==
=== King James Version ===
# O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: because his mercy endureth for ever.
# Let Israel now say, that his mercy endureth for ever.
# Let the house of Aaron now say, that his mercy endureth for ever.
# Let them now that fear the LORD say, that his mercy endureth for ever.
# I called upon the LORD in distress: the LORD answered me, and set me in a large place.
# The LORD is on my side; I will not fear: what can man do unto me?
# The LORD taketh my part with them that help me: therefore shall I see my desire upon them that hate me.
# It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in man.
# It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in princes.
# All nations compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD will I destroy them.
# They compassed me about; yea, they compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD I will destroy them.
# They compassed me about like bees: they are quenched as the fire of thorns: for in the name of the LORD I will destroy them.
# Thou hast thrust sore at me that I might fall: but the LORD helped me.
# The LORD is my strength and song, and is become my salvation.
# The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of the righteous: the right hand of the LORD doeth valiantly.
# The right hand of the LORD is exalted: the right hand of the LORD doeth valiantly.
# I shall not die, but live, and declare the works of the LORD.
# The LORD hath chastened me sore: but he hath not given me over unto death.
# Open to me the gates of righteousness: I will go into them, and I will praise the LORD:
# This gate of the LORD, into which the righteous shall enter.
# I will praise thee: for thou hast heard me, and art become my salvation.
# The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner.
# This is the LORD's doing; it is marvellous in our eyes.
# This is the day which the LORD hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it.
# Save now, I beseech thee, O LORD: O LORD, I beseech thee, send now prosperity.
# Blessed be he that cometh in the name of the LORD: we have blessed you out of the house of the LORD.
# God is the LORD, which hath shewed us light: bind the sacrifice with cords, even unto the horns of the altar.
# Thou art my God, and I will praise thee: thou art my God, I will exalt thee.
# O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever.

== Theme and structure ==
[[File:Skeppsbron 6, detalj 1.jpg|thumb|[[Skeppsbron]] 6, Stockholm, inscription]]
This psalm is centered on God, in a movement that expresses gratitude, admiration, joy and praise. In the King James Version, the Lord is mentioned in almost every verse. The psalm is one of the so-called [[Hallel#Other Hallel sequences|Egyptian Hallel]].

==Notable verses==
===Verse 5===
: ''I called on the Lord in distress;''
:: ''The Lord answered me and set me in a large place.''<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|118:5|NKJV}}</ref>

===Verse 14===
:''The Lord is my strength and song,''
:''And He has become my salvation''.<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|118:14|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
These words are parallelled in the [[Song of Moses]] ({{bibleverse|Exodus|15:2|KJV}}) and are used by the prophet [[Isaiah]] in {{bibleverse|Isaiah|12:2|KJV}}.<ref>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/kad/isaiah/12.htm Keil and Delitzsch OT Commentary], Isaiah 12, accessed 23 March 2018</ref>

===Verse 22===

: ''The stone which the builders rejected''
:: ''Has become the chief cornerstone.''<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|118:22|NKJV}}</ref>

===Verse 23===

: ''This was the Lord’s doing;''
:: ''It is marvelous in our eyes.''<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|118:23|NKJV}}</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
[[File:Fourspecies.jpg|thumb|right| The Tosher [[Rabbi|Rebbe]] of [[Montreal, Quebec]], Canada shaking the [[Four species]] during [[Sukkot]] while praying [[Hallel]].]] This psalm 118 is the last in the series of the ''Egyptian hallel''. It is read in full on the days of recitation of the hallel. The last ten verses are even read twice.<ref>D’après le ''Complete [[ArtScroll]] Siddur'', compilation des prières juives, {{p.|638-640}}.</ref>

*Is one of six psalms (113-118) of which [[Hallel]] is composed. On all days when Hallel is recited, this psalm is recited in its entirety, with the final ten verses being recited twice each.<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 638-40</ref>
*Verse 1 is recited by some following [[Psalm 126]] preceding [[Birkat Hamazon]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 183</ref>
*Verse 5 is recited prior to the [[Shofar]] blowing on [[Rosh Hashanah]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah page 435</ref>
*Verses 5-9 are part of [[Tashlikh]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 771.</ref>
*Verse 24 may be a source of the Israeli song [[Hava Nagila]].
*Verse 25 is part of the long [[Tachanun]] recited on Mondays and Thursdays.<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 131</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
[[Image:England (Great Britain) Sovereign of Elizabeth I.jpg|thumb|Psalm 118:23 quoted on an English [[Sovereign (English coin)|Sovereign]]: A DNO' FACTU' EST ISTUD ET EST MIRAB' IN OCULIS NRS]]
Parts of this Psalm were quoted by Jesus and writers of the [[New Testament]].
* Verse 6 is quoted in [[Hebrews 13|Hebrews]] {{bibleverse-nb|Hebrews|13:6|KJV}}<ref name=kirkpatrick>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 840 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>
* Verses 22-23 are quoted in {{bibleverse||Matthew|21:42|ESV}}. Jesus said to them (the chief priests and the elders of the people), "Have you never read in the [[Hebrew Bible|Scriptures]]: "'The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone; this was the Lord's doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes'?" Opposition and difficulties are seen in this Psalm but in the midst of it God will display His salvation. This verse is also referred to in {{bibleverse||Mark|12:10|KJV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|20:17|KJV}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|4:11|KJV}}, and {{bibleverse|1|Peter|2:4,7|RSV}}.<ref name=kirkpatrick/>
* In {{bibleverse||Matthew|21:9|KJV}}, {{bibleverse-nb|Matthew|23:39|KJV}},; {{bibleverse||Mark|11:9-10|RSV}}; {{bibleverse|Luke|13:35|KJV}}, {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|19:38|KJV}}; and {{bibleverse|John|12:13|KJV}},<ref name=kirkpatrick/> Jesus is welcomed on his [[triumphal entry into Jerusalem]] by crowds quoting verses 25-26:
:"Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!"<ref>D’après le ''Complete ArtScroll Siddur'', compilation des prières juives, {{p.|131}}.</ref><ref>[[John Calvin]], ''Commentaire des psaumes'', 1557.</ref>

===[[Catholic Church]]===
This psalm was chosen by [[Benedict of Nursia|St Benedict]] towards 530, as the third psalm during the solemn office of the Sunday laudes ([[Rule of Saint Benedict]], chapter XI10).<ref>[[Prosper Guéranger]], Traduction par Dom ([[Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes]], réimpression 2007) p.40.</ref>

Psalm 118 (117) is now read in the liturgy of the Hours every Sunday of the first and third weeks, at the office of Sext.<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.

Psalm 118 is also closely associated with Easter in the Catholic Church, and it is typically sung at the Easter Vigil and the morning Mass on Easter Sunday. Many different versions of this Psalm have been composed for Catholic liturgy, including "This Is the Day" by Michael Joncas, and "Let Us Rejoice" by Marty Haugen.

Psalm 118 is also a popular Psalm for weddings and First Communions.

</ref>

===[[Anglican]]ism===
An extract from verse 23 is inscribed on several English coins, with the text of the [[Vulgate]]: ''a Domino factum est istud hoc est mirabile in oculis nostris''. Upon her accession to the throne, Elizabeth I of England is said to have pronounced this same verse, also in Latin, as quoted in the New Testament: ''A Domino factum est illud et est mirabile in oculis nostris''.<ref>[http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/November/On-This-Day--Elizabeth-I-Is-Crowned-Queen-of-England.html « On This Day: Elizabeth I Becomes Queen of England], 10 November 2010</ref>

Verses 8 and 9 are notable as the centre verses of the [[Protestant Bible]] (e.g. [[King James Bible]]).{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}

=== Music ===
Psalm 118 (117) was set to music by various composers including the [[motet]] of [[Lobet den Herrn]], and alle Heiden (BWV 230) by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 118|Psalm 118}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 118|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 118}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 118}}
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26b8.htm Psalms Chapter 118] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* Text of Psalm 118 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm118.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/118 Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good, his mercy endures forever.] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-118-1.html Psalm 118:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-118/ Psalm 118 – The Chief Cornerstone] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-118 Psalm 118 / Refrain: I will give thanks to you, for you have become my salvation.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20118 Psalm 118] at biblegateway.com
* [http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=177 Recording of the last two verses of the psalm as sung during Hallel]
* [[Charles H. Spurgeon]]: [https://archive.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps118.php Psalm 118] detailed commentary, archive.spurgeon.org
* {{cite web
| url = https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/118
| title = Hymns for Psalm 118
| website = hymnary.org
| access-date = 3 May 2020
}}

{{Psalms}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Psalms|118]]
[[Category:Hallel]]

Psalm 117

2021-03-05T04:57:39Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{short description|117th psalm of the Book of Psalms}}
{{Psalm nr|116}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 117
| subtitle = "How amiable are thy tabernacles"
| type =
| image = Psalm 117 (116).jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = Psalm 117, from the Wolfcoz Psalter, c. 820-830.
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 116
* "Laudate Dominum"
}}
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 117''' is the 117th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]]. In Latin, it is known as '''''Laudate Dominum'''''.<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps117.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 116 (117)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps116.htm |date=2017-05-07 }} medievalist.net</ref> Consisting of only two verses, Psalm 117 is the shortest psalm and also the shortest chapter in the whole [[Bible]].

In the slightly different [[Psalms#Numbering|numbering system]] in the Greek [[Septuagint]] and the Latin [[Vulgate]] version of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 116.

==Text==
{{See|Chapters and verses of the Bible}}
With just two verses and sixteen words in [[Hebrew]], it is the shortest psalm in the [[Book of Psalms]]. It is also the shortest chapter in the whole Bible. It is the 595th of the 1,189 chapters of the [[King James Version]] of the Bible, making it the middle chapter of this version.

In Hebrew, it is an [[acrostic]] poem and is one of the so-called [[Hallel#Other Hallel sequences|Egyptian Hallel]] prayers.

===Hebrew Bible version===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | הַֽלְל֣וּ אֶת־יְ֖הֹוָה כָּל־גּוֹיִ֑ם שַׁ֜בְּח֗וּהוּ כָּל־הָֽאֻמִּֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֥י גָ֘בַ֚ר עָלֵ֨ינוּ חַסְדּ֗וֹ וֶֽאֱמֶת־יְהֹ֘וָ֥ה לְ֜עוֹלָ֗ם הַֽלְלוּיָֽהּ
|-
|}

=== King James Version ===
{{quote|<poem>O praise the Lord, all ye nations:
praise him, all ye people.
For his merciful kindness is great toward us:
and the truth of the Lord endureth for ever.

Praise ye the Lord.</poem>|Psalm 117 King James Version}}

==Uses==
[[File:Fourspecies.jpg|thumb|right| The Tosher [[Rabbi|Rebbe]] of Montreal, Quebec, Canada shaking the [[Four species]] during [[Sukkot]] while praying [[Hallel]].]]

=== Judaism ===
Psalm 117 is one of six psalms (113-118) of which [[Hallel]] is composed. On all days when Hallel is recited, this psalm is recited in its entirety.<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 638</ref>

=== Christianity ===
In Psalm 117, the [[gentile]]s are invited to join in praise of God. Christians view this as a fulfillment of God's promise of mercy to the gentiles, pointing to God's promise that all nations would be blessed in the seed of [[Abraham]], who they believe is Christ, as described in the [[Letter to the Galatians]]. {{bibleverse|Galatians|3:16|KJV}} says "Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ." Verse 1 is quoted in [[Romans 15|Romans]] {{bibleverse-nb|Romans|15:11|KJV}}.<ref name=kirkpatrick>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 840 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

==== Catholicism ====
In the [[Catholic Church]], the [[Rule of Saint Benedict]] assigns this psalm (116 in the Vulgate) to the Office of [[Vespers]] on Monday. [[Saint Benedict of Nursia]] generally used four psalms in vespers, but because of the shortness of this psalm, he added a fifth when it was used. However, this psalm is currently used in the [[Liturgy of the Hours]] on Saturday of Weeks I and III. The psalm may be sung after [[Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament]], a ritual performed in Catholic<ref>The Benedictines of Solesmes, ed. Liber Usualis, p. 1853. New York: Desclee Company, 1961.</ref> and some [[Anglican]] churches.

== Musical settings ==
[[file:Johann Sebastian Bach - BWV 230 - Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden (Psalm 117).pdf |thumb|right|Beginning of Bach's motet]] Psalm 117, known by the opening words in Latin as ''Laudate dominum'' (translated "O, Praise the Lord" or "Praise ye the Lord"), has been set to music by a number of composers, including [[William Byrd]],<ref>William Byrd, (Gradualia II (1607),) no. 45.</ref> Johann Sebastian Bach [[Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden, BWV 230|''Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden'', BWV 230]], [[Michel Richard Delalande]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bibliotheques.versailles.fr/simclient/Integration/FONDS_ANCIEN/DossiersDoc/voirDossManuscrit.asp?INSTANCE=DOSSIERSDOCS_VERSAILLES&DOSS=BKDD_BMVMsmus_000002_MSMUS14 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-10-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184809/http://www.bibliotheques.versailles.fr/simclient/Integration/FONDS_ANCIEN/DossiersDoc/voirDossManuscrit.asp?INSTANCE=DOSSIERSDOCS_VERSAILLES&DOSS=BKDD_BMVMsmus_000002_MSMUS14 |archive-date=2015-09-23 }} [archive] p.46</ref> [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]], (6 settings), H.152, H.159, H.182, H.214, H.223, H.227, [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laudate Dominum (by Mozart) sung by boy soprano Aksel Rykkvin (13 years)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9rvyvssvuI|last=Rykkvin|first=Aksel|date=28 December 2016|website=YouTube}}</ref> and [[Robert Strassburg]].<ref>[http://milkenarchive.org/artists/view/Robert-Strassburg/ Robert Strassburg] milkenarchive.org</ref> More recently, it has been set by the Swedish composer [[Fredrik Sixten]]. The psalm also forms the introduction of the 90s pop song [[Happy Nation (song)|Happy Nation]] by Swedish pop group [[Ace of Base]],{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} and a popular arrangement from the [[Taizé community]].<ref>[http://www.taize.fr/spip.php?page=chant&song=463&lang=en Laudate Dominum] taize.fr</ref><ref>Le site de la [http://www.taize.fr/spip.php?page=chant&song=463&lang=en communauté] propose une version Midi et les partitions.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat}}
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 117|Psalm 117}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 117|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 117}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 117}}
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26b7.htm Psalms Chapter 117] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* Text of Psalm 117 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm117.cfm 1928 Psalter]
*United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/117 Praise the LORD, all you nations! Extol him, all you peoples!] text and footnotes, usccb.org
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-117-1.html Psalm 117:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-117/ Psalm 117 – Calling All Peoples to Praise the LORD] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-117 Psalm 117 / Refrain: Alleluia.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20117 Psalm 117] at biblegateway.com
* [[Charles Spurgeon]]: [https://archive.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps117.php Psalm 117] detailed commentary, archive.spurgeon.org
* {{cite web
| url = https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/117
| title = Hymns for Psalm 117
| website = hymnary.org
| access-date = 10 May 2020
}}
* {{YouTube|k0PwOtpGJHA|Laudate Dominum}}
* [http://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Laudate_Dominum_omnes_gentes_(William_Byrd) Laudate Dominum (Psalm 117) (William Byrd) - Midi files and PDF scores by ChoralWiki]
* [http://www2.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Laudate_Dominum_(Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart) Laudate Dominum (Psalm 117) (Mozart) - Midi files and PDF scores by ChoralWiki]
* [http://ronaldcorp.com/#/laudate-dominum/4557096094 Laudate Dominum (Psalm 150) (Ronald Corp) - Excerpt, programme note and PDF score]

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|117]]
[[Category:Hallel]]

Psalm 116

2021-03-05T04:56:55Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|114}}
[[File:Psalms scroll.PNG|thumb|Scroll of the Psalms]]
'''Psalm 116''' is the 116th [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]],<ref>Derek Kidner, Psalms 73–150, Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1975), 411.</ref> and the fourth psalm in the “[[Egyptian Hallel]]”.<ref>William D. Barrick, [http://drbarrick.org/files/studynotes/Psalms/Ps_116.pdf Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs:The Master Musician’s Melodies]. (Placerita Baptist Church, 2007).</ref> In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is numbered as '''Psalm 114''' and '''Psalm 115'''.

==Language==
Psalm 116 is without a title in the [[Hebrew Language|Hebrew]].<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/calvin/cc11/cc11024.htm#fn_378 Calvin's Commentaries, Vol. 11: Psalms, Part IV], at sacred-texts.com</ref> The psalm was translated into the [[Greek language|Greek]] [[Septuagint]] (about 250BC) in [[Hellenistic Egypt]]. There is a presence of [[Aramaic|Aramaism]]s in the psalm which has been interpreted by some biblical commentators as evidence of a late date,<ref>[https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/bcc/psalms-116.html Coffman's Commentaries on the Bible].</ref> although this is not definitive. The psalm draws heavily from other psalms, so much so that the German commentator [[Hermann Hupfeld]] called it a "patched-up psalm".<ref>[https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/bcc/psalms-116.html Coffman's Commentaries on the Bible].</ref>

===Structure===
Some [[Christianity|Christian]] churches follow the chapter divisions based on [[Septuagint]], where verses 1-9 are '''Psalm 114''' and verses 10-19 are '''Psalm 115'''.

''' The psalm is one of the so-called [[Hallel#Other Hallel sequences|Egyptian Hallel]] prayers.

==Theme==
It is a question of the praise of the Lord by all peoples. The second verse expresses the reason for the first verse: the goodness of the Lord has been experienced in the past, and his faithfulness will last forever. If we take into consideration the whole book of psalms, we see that this psalm seems to sum up and conclude all the psalms of the hallel, and even all the preceding psalms from Psalm 107 onwards, for they invite [[Israel]] and [[goyim|all nation]]s to praise "Eternal".

==Authorship==
[[Theodoret]] applies this psalm to the distresses of the [[Jews]] in the times of the [[Maccabee]]s under [[Antiochus Epiphanes]]<ref>[http://librex.us/commentaries/gill/19116.html psalm 116], John Gill’s Commentary of the Whole Bible.</ref><ref>[http://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=gill&b=19&c=116 John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible].</ref> while a small minority ascribe it to [[Hezekiah]]'s, sickness recorded in [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] [[Isaiah 38|38]].<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/calvin/cc11/cc11024.htm#fn_378 Calvin's Commentaries, Vol. 11: Psalms, Part IV], at sacred-texts.com</ref> However, most commentators today ascribe it to [[King David]]. If David were the author, it is not certain whether it was composed upon any particular occasion,<ref>Jerome Creach, [https://www.workingpreacher.org/preaching.aspx?commentary_id=1184 Commentary on Psalm 116]</ref> or "upon a general review of the many gracious deliverances God had wrought for him".<ref>Henry, M.,
[http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/psalms/116.html Psalm 116], Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible</ref> The Syriac Church holds it was written on the occasion of [[Saul]] coming to the cave where David was hiding.<ref>[http://www.godrules.net/library/clarke/clarkepsa116.htm Adam Clarkes Bible Commentary] - Psalms 116]</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
[[File:Fourspecies.jpg|thumb|right| The Tosher [[Rabbi|Rebbe]] of [[Montreal, Quebec]], Canada shaking the [[four species]] during [[Sukkot]] while praying [[Hallel]].]]
*This psalm is one of six psalms (113-118) of which [[Hallel]] is composed. On all days when Hallel is recited, this psalm is recited in its entirety, except on [[Rosh Chodesh]] and the last six days of [[Passover]], when only verses 1-11 are recited.<ref>The Complete [[Artscroll Siddur]] page 636</ref> The word ''hallel'' means "praise". Since ancient times, the [[Egyptian Hallel]] has been used in the celebration of Passover.<ref>Jerome Creach, [https://www.workingpreacher.org/preaching.aspx?commentary_id=1184 Commentary on Psalm 116:1-2, 12-19].</ref>
*Verse 13 is part of [[Havdalah]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 619</ref>

===New Testament===
Verse 10 of the Psalm was quoted by [[Saint Paul]] in [[2 Corinthians]] {{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|4:13|KJV}}.<ref>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | authorlink=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 840 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://thedivinelamp.wordpress.com/2012/01/07/pope-john-paul-iis-commentarymeditation-on-psalm-11610-19/ Pope John Paul II’s Commentary/Meditation on Psalm 116:10-19]</ref>

===Syriac Christianity===
The [[Syrian|Syriac]] church applies it to converts coming into the church.<ref>[http://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=gill&b=19&c=116 John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible].</ref>

===Roman Catholic===
The Psalm has been used as public [[Prayer]] by [[Pope]] [[John Paul II]], who called it a "Prayer of thanksgiving to the Lord".<ref>[https://thedivinelamp.wordpress.com/2012/01/07/pope-john-paul-iis-commentarymeditation-on-psalm-11610-19/ Pope John Paul II’s Commentary/Meditation on Psalm 116:10-19].</ref><ref>[http://www.catholic.org/featured/headline.php?ID=1732 Commentary on Psalm 116].</ref> The Psalm is used in the [[Rule of St. Benedict|Rule of]] [[Benedict of Nursia|St. Benedict]].<ref>D’après le Complete Artscroll Siddur, compilation des prières juives.</ref><ref>traduction de [[Prosper Guéranger]], [[Rule of St. Benedict|Règle de saint Benedîct]], [[Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes]], réimpression 2007) p. 47,</ref> However, Psalm 117 is now read in the [[Liturgy of the Hours]].<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref>

===Protestant Christianity===
[[Matthew Henry]] calls it a ''thanksgiving psalm'',<ref>
[http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/psalms/116.html Psalm 116], Matthew Henry's Commentary.</ref> while [[Charles Spurgeon]] saw it as "A Psalm of Thanksgiving in the Person of Christ".<ref>Charles H. Spurgeon, [http://www.romans45.org/spurgeon/treasury/ps116.htm#expl Psalm 116], Treasury of David.</ref> David Dickson, wrote "This Psalm is a threefold engagement of the Psalmist unto thanksgiving unto God, for his mercy unto him, and in particular for some notable delivery of him from death, both bodily and spiritual.

=== Musical settings ===
* [[Anton Bruckner]]—[[Psalm 114 (Bruckner)|Psalm 114]] ''Alleluja! Liebe erfüllt mich'' WAB 36 (1852)

===City motto===
[[File:Pro Tanto Quid Retribuamus - geograph.org.uk - 520773.jpg|thumb|''Pro Tanto Quid Retribuamus'', Belfast city motto]]
The city of [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland has as its motto ''Pro Tanto Quid Retribuamus'', the [[Vulgate]] translation of Ps 116:12 ("what shall we give in return for so much?" or "What shall I return to [[Yahweh|the Lord]] for all his bounty to me?")

==Notable Verses==
* Verse 11, "In my haste I said all men are liars", can be read as an early statement of the [[liar paradox]].
This verse has also been translated "I said in my fear, Every man is a liar." and "In an ecstasy of despair, I said, the whole race of man is a delusion." Some take the word חפז, (chaphaz) to denote haste or flight rather than fear. [[Samuel Horsley]] translates the verse as "an ecstasy of despair".<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/calvin/cc11/cc11024.htm#fn_378 Calvin's Commentaries, Vol. 11: Psalms, Part IV], footnote 378, at sacred-texts.com</ref>
* I will sacrifice the sacrifices of praise
* ''The cup of salvation '' this phrase has been used by [[Roman Catholic church|Catholic]]s as prophetic of the eucharist. While some see this as similar to the modern [[Jewish]] ceremony held every year in commemoration of the deliverance of their ancestors from the bondage of Egypt. Others see this portion as reference to morning drink offering in [[Solomon's temple]] under [[Mosaic law]] (Numbers 28:7), inferring the writer is now making an offering of thanks for being delivered. Others think the verse may have inspired Jesus <ref>Luke 22:17</ref> at the [[last supper]], or [[Saint Paul|Paul's]] "cup of blessing".<ref>1 Corinthians 10:16</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 116}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|116|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|116|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|116]]
[[Category:Hallel]]

Psalm 115

2021-03-05T04:55:18Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|113}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Psalm 115|previouslink= Psalm 114|previousletter= Psalm 114|nextlink= Psalm 116 |nextletter= Psalm 116 | book= [[Book of Psalms]] | biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 19 |hbiblepart= [[Ketuvim]] | hbooknum = 1 |category= [[Ketuvim|Sifrei Emet]] | filename= Psalms scroll.PNG|size=250px | name= Psalms scroll |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Scroll of the Psalms</div>}}

'''Psalm 115''' is the 115th [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. It is part of the [[Egyptian Hallel]] sequence in the Book of Psalms.

This psalm is attached to [[Psalm 114|the preceding psalm]] in ancient translations, including the Greek [[Septuagint]] (LXX) and its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]]. In these versions of the bible it is counted as verses 9–26 of Psalm 113, verses 1-8 being [[Psalm 114]] in Hebrew numbering.

==In Judaism==
*This is one of six psalms (113-118) of which [[Hallel]] is composed. On all days when Hallel is recited, this psalm is recited in its entirety, except on [[Rosh Chodesh]] and the last six days of [[Passover]], when only verses 1-11 are recited.<ref>Scherman, Zlotowitz (2003). ''The Complete Artscroll Siddur''. p. 635.</ref>
*Verse 18 is the final verse of [[Ashrei]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur p. 68</ref> It is also recited by some following [[Psalm 126]] preceding [[Birkat Hamazon]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur p. 183</ref>

==In Christianity==
Verse 1 is notable as the text of the hymn ''[[Non nobis, Domine]]''.

==Music==
[[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]], ''Psalmus David'' 115us ''"Credidi propter quod locutus sum"'', H.209 - H.209 a, for soloists, chorus and continuo (1690)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book
|last1= Scherman
|first1=Nosson
|first2= Rabbi Meir
|last2= Zlotowitz
|title=The Complete Artscroll Siddur
|series=ArtScroll Mesorah Series
|translator-first= Nosson
|translator-last= Scherman
|edition=3
|publisher= Mesorah Pubn Ltd
|year= 2003
|isbn = 9780899066509
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=cPQtugEACAAJ
}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 115}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|115|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|115|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|115]]
[[Category:Hallel]]

Psalm 114

2021-03-05T04:54:11Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|113}}
[[File:Psalms scroll.PNG|thumb|Scroll of the Psalms]]
'''Psalm 114''' is the 114th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 113''' in a slightly different numbering system.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SNFMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA194|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-537737-8|page=194}}</ref>

==Structure and theme==
[[File:DuraSyn-WA3-Exodus from Egypt.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Hebrew people]] leaving [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]], led by [[Moses]], on a [[mural]] in the [[synagogue]] of [[Doura Europos]], in [[Syria]].]]
At eight verses, this psalm is comparatively concise. It is composed of four stanzas of two lines, which the word [[Jacob]] envelops. The two central stanzas evoke with images full of life the miracle of the [[Red Sea]] and the passage of the [[Jordan River|Jordan]]. [[God]] is evoked only at the end of the [[Psalm]], doubtless to arouse the expectation.

The first stanza recalls by the [[verb]] that the Hebrew people are born in the exodus. The words sanctuary and domain designate the entire Holy Land, the inheritance of God, not only in the geographical sense but also in a spiritual sense. The miracles that allow Israel to cross the Red Sea and cross the Jordan River are poetically enhanced by the process of hyperbole and by images evoking a life of natural elements, water and mountains. It is a means of manifesting all creation with Israel and actively participating in its march towards the Promised Land.

[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26b4.htm Psalm 114] begins with the [[Hebrew Language|Hebrew]] 'בְּצֵאת יִשְׂרָאֵל, מִמִּצְרָיִם; בֵּית יַעֲקֹב, מֵעַם לֹעֵז' and in [[Hebrew]] is an [[acrostic]] [[Poem]]. It is also one of the so-called [[Hallel#Other Hallel sequences|Egyptian Hallel]] prayers, although it is sometimes ascribed to [[King David]].

==Uses==

===Judaism===
[[File:Fourspecies.jpg|thumb|right| The Tosher [[Rabbi|Rebbe]] of [[Montreal, Quebec]], Canada shaking the [[Four species]] during [[Sukkot]] while praying [[Hallel]].]]
*Is one of six psalms ([[Psalm 113|113]]-[[Psalm 118|118]]) of which [[Hallel]] is composed. On all days when Hallel is recited, this psalm is recited in its entirety.<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 633</ref>
*Is recited on the first and/or eighth days of [[Passover]] in some traditions.<ref>The Artscroll Tehillim page 329</ref>

===Christianity===
Since the sixth century, the psalm has been used as a reading at Christian burial services, and also in ministry to those who are dying.{{sfn|Phillips|2001|p=224-225}} It has also been read at [[Easter Day]] services, as Israel's deliverance from slavery is seen as a metaphor for deliverance from sin.{{sfn|Phillips|2001|p=225}}

====[[Protestant Christianity]]====
In the [[Revised Common Lectionary]], the Psalm appears in Year A on the seventeenth Sunday after [[Pentecost]].{{sfn|Harn|Strawn|2009|p=297}}

====[[Orthodox Christianity]]====
In [[Slavic Orthodox Church|Slavic]] and [[Greek Orthodox]] churches, it is sung as an [[antiphon]] for the feast of [[Epiphany (holiday)|Theophany]],{{sfn|Psalm Verses of the Orthodox Liturgy|2000|p=62}} for the following Sunday{{sfn|Psalm Verses of the Orthodox Liturgy|2000|p=66}} and for [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Psalm Verses of the Orthodox Liturgy|2000|p=103}}

====[[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]]====
St. [[Benedict of Nursia]] choose this [[psalm]] as one of the Psalms sung for the offices of [[Vespers]]. Since the early [[Middle Ages]], Psalm 114 has been performed at the office of Vespers on Monday, according to the [[rule of St. Benedict]] (AD 530.)<ref>Règle de saint Benoît, (traduction par [[Prosper Guéranger]], Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, réimpression 2007) p47.</ref><ref>Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, 1938/2003 p493.</ref>

In the Liturgy of Hours today, the first part of Psalm 114 is sung or recited on Vespers Sunday. It is the only psalm traditionally chanted using [[Tonus peregrinus]].

===In popular culture===
Part of the psalm is quoted at the beginning of [[Dante]]'s ''[[Purgatorio]]''.{{sfn|Hamlin|2004|p=108-109}}

==Music==
[[Jean-Joseph de Mondonville|Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville]], grand motet ''"In exitu Israel''" (1755)

[[Antonio Vivaldi]], motet ''"In exitu Israel''" 113 RV 604

==References==
;Citations
{{reflist|reflist=
}}

;Bibliography
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Hamlin|first=Hannibal|title=Psalm Culture and Early Modern English Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zpTVDJlQmEAC|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-83270-0}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Harn|first1=Roger E. Van|last2=Strawn|first2=Brent A.|title=Psalms for Preaching and Worship: A Lectionary Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EGcFjqgYYuIC|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-6321-8}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Phillips|first=John|title=Exploring Psalms: An Expository Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fcoudvc5vgsC&pg=PA224|year=2001|publisher=Kregel Academic|isbn=978-0-8254-3493-8}}
*{{cite book|title=Psalm Verses of the Orthodox Liturgy: According to the Greek and Slav Usages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HolbjbzI614C|date=2000|publisher=St Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=978-1-879038-93-6|ref={{harvid|Psalm Verses of the Orthodox Liturgy|2000}}}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 114}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|114|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|114|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|114]]
[[Category:Hallel]]
[[Category:Passover songs]]

Psalm 113

2021-03-05T04:48:45Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|112}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 113 "Praise ye the Lord, O ye servants of the Lord"
| type =
| image = GTAlleluia.JPG
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = Beginning of the "Hallelujah" in the [[Gregorian chant|Graduale Triplex]], 1979
| language = Hebrew (original)
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 112 (Vulgate)
* "Laudate pueri Dominum"
}}
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 113''' is the 113th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "Praise ye the Lord, O ye servants of the Lord". The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]],{{sfn|Mazor|2011|p=589}} and a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in the Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 112''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "Laudate pueri Dominum".<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps112.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 112 (113)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422215510/http://www.medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps112.htm |date=22 April 2016 }} medievalist.net</ref>

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], and Protestant liturgies. In Judaism, it is the first of the six psalms comprising the [[Hallel]], a prayer of praise and thanksgiving recited on [[Rosh Chodesh]] (the first day of the Hebrew month) and [[Jewish holidays]]. In Catholicism, it is one of the psalms included in the [[vespers]] service. It has been set to music often, notably by [[Claudio Monteverdi]] in his ''[[Vespro della Beata Vergine 1610|Vespro della Beata Vergine]]'' of 1610.

== Text ==
=== Hebrew Bible version ===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 113:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | הַֽלְלוּיָ֨הּ | הַֽ֖לְלוּ עַבְדֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה הַֽ֜לְלוּ אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם יְהֹוָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | יְהִ֚י שֵׁ֣ם יְהֹוָ֣ה מְבֹרָ֑ךְ מֵֽ֜עַתָּ֗ה וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ עַד־מְבוֹא֑וֹ מְ֜הֻלָּ֗ל שֵׁ֣ם יְהֹוָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | רָ֖ם עַל־כָּל־גּוֹיִ֥ם | יְהֹוָ֑ה עַ֖ל הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם כְּבוֹדֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | מִי כַּֽיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ הַמַּגְבִּיהִ֥י לָשָֽׁבֶת
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | הַמַּשְׁפִּילִ֥י לִרְא֑וֹת בַּשָּׁמַ֥יִם וּבָאָֽרֶץ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | מְקִימִ֣י מֵֽעָפָ֣ר דָּ֑ל מֵֽ֜אַשְׁפֹּ֗ת יָרִ֥ים אֶבְיֽוֹן
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | לְהֽוֹשִׁיבִ֥י עִם־נְדִיבִ֑ים עִ֜֗ם נְדִיבֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | מֽוֹשִׁיבִ֨י | עֲקֶ֬רֶת הַבַּ֗יִת אֵֽם־הַבָּנִ֥ים שְׂמֵחָ֗ה הַֽלְלוּיָֽהּ
|-
|}

=== King James Version ===
# Praise ye the {{Lord}}. Praise, O ye servants of the {{Lord}}, praise the name of the {{Lord}}.
# Blessed be the name of the {{Lord}} from this time forth and for evermore.
# From the rising of the sun unto the going down of the same the {{Lord}}'s name is to be praised.
# The {{Lord}} is high above all nations, and his glory above the heavens.
# Who is like unto the {{Lord}} our God, who dwelleth on high,
# Who humbleth himself to behold the things that are in heaven, and in the earth!
# He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth the needy out of the dunghill;
# That he may set him with princes, even with the princes of his people.
# He maketh the barren woman to keep house, and to be a joyful mother of children. Praise ye the {{Lord}}.

== Uses ==
=== Judaism ===
* Is the first of six psalms (113–[[Psalm 118|118]]) of which [[Hallel]] is composed. On all days when Hallel is recited, this psalm is recited in its entirety.<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur p. 633</ref>
* It is one of the so-called [[Hallel#Other Hallel sequences|Egyptian Hallel]] though it was probably written by [[King David]].
* Verse 2 is part of [[Baruch Hashem L'Olam (Maariv)|Baruch Hashem L'Olam]] during [[Maariv]],<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur p. 265</ref> the [[Birkat Hamazon#Zimmin|mezuman]] preceding [[Birkat Hamazon]],<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur p. 185</ref> is recited when opening the [[Hakafah|Hakafot]] on [[Simchat Torah]],<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur p. 759</ref> and is found in the repetition of the [[Mussaf]] [[Amidah]] on [[Rosh Hashanah]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah p. 503</ref>
* Verses 2–4 are the second thru fourth verses of [[Yehi Kivod]] of [[Pesukei Dezimra]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur p. 64</ref>

== Musical settings ==
This psalm has been set to music often, as it is one of the psalms included in [[vespers]], typically set in Latin as ''Laudate pueri Dominum''. [[Claudio Monteverdi]] wrote a setting in his ''[[Vespro della Beata Vergine]]'', published in 1610. Mozart set the text in his two vespers compositions, ''[[Vesperae solennes de Dominica (Mozart)|Vesperae solennes de Dominica]]'', K. 321, and [[Vesperae solennes de confessore (Mozart)|Vesperae solennes de confessore]], K. 339.

Individual settings of the psalm include two by [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] (H.149, H.203, H.203 a), five by [[Antonio Vivaldi]], RV 600–603. Handel set it twice, a setting in [[F major]] which is his earliest extant autograph which may have been written as early as 1701/02 in Halle, HWV 236, and a setting composed in [[D major]] in Rome in 1707, HWV 237. In 1830, [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]] set the psalm as one of 3 Motets for female choir and organ, Op. 39, No. 2.

In 1863, Bruckner set the psalm in German, [[Psalm 112 (Bruckner)|Psalm 112]] ''Alleluja! Lobet den Herrn, ihr Diener'', WAB 35.

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book | last = Mazor | first = Lea | editor1-last = Berlin | editor1-first = Adele | editor2-last = Grossman | editor2-first = Maxine | url = https://books.google.com/?id=hKAaJXvUaUoC&pg=PA589 | title = Book of Psalms | work = The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2011| isbn = 978-0-19-973004-9| ref = harv}}

== External links ==
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 113|Psalm 113}}
{{commonscat|Psalm 113}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 113|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 113}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 113}}
* Text of Psalm 113 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm113.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26b3.htm Psalms Chapter 113] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/113 Hallelujah! Praise, you servants of the LORD, praise the name of the LORD.] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-113-1.html Psalm 113:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-113/ Psalm 113 – Praise to the LORD Who Lifts the Lowly.] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-113 Psalm 113 / Refrain: From the rising of the sun to its setting let the name of the Lord be praised.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20113 Psalm 113] at biblegateway.com

{{Psalms}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Psalms|113]]
[[Category:Hallel]]

Psalm 112

2021-03-05T04:48:07Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|111}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Psalm 112|previouslink= Psalm 111|previousletter= Psalm 111|nextlink= Psalm 113 |nextletter= Psalm 113 | book= [[Book of Psalms]] | biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 19 |hbiblepart= [[Ketuvim]] | hbooknum = 1 |category= [[Ketuvim|Sifrei Emet]] | filename= Psalms scroll.PNG|size=250px |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Scroll of the Psalms</div>}}

'''Psalm 112''' is the 112th [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 111''' in a slightly different numbering system.

[[Psalm 111|Psalms 111]], 112 and [[Psalm 119|119]] are the only psalms that are [[acrostic]] by phrase in the Bible;<ref>Pratico, Gary Basics of Bible Hebrew p.6 Copyright 2001</ref> that is, each 7-9 syllable phrase begins with each letter of the Hebrew alphabet in order.

==Text==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 112:<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16333 |title=Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 112|publisher=[[Chabad|Chabad.org]]|year=2019|access-date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | הַֽלְלוּיָ֨הּ | אַשְׁרֵי־אִ֖ישׁ יָרֵ֣א אֶת־יְהֹוָ֑ה בְּ֜מִצְו‍ֹתָ֗יו חָפֵ֥ץ מְאֹֽד
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | גִּבּ֣וֹר בָּאָרֶץ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה זַרְע֑וֹ דּ֖וֹר יְשָׁרִ֣ים יְבֹרָֽךְ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | הוֹן־וָעֹ֥שֶׁר בְּבֵית֑וֹ וְ֜צִדְקָת֗וֹ עֹמֶ֥דֶת לָעַֽד
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | זָ֘רַ֚ח בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ א֣וֹר לַיְשָׁרִ֑ים חַנּ֖וּן וְרַח֣וּם וְצַדִּֽיק
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | ט֣וֹב אִ֖ישׁ חוֹנֵ֣ן וּמַלְוֶ֑ה יְכַלְכֵּ֖ל דְּבָרָ֣יו בְּמִשְׁפָּֽט
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | כִּֽי־לְ֖עוֹלָם לֹ֣א יִמּ֑וֹט לְזֵ֥כֶר ע֜וֹלָ֗ם יִֽהְיֶ֥ה צַדִּֽיק
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | מִשְּׁמוּעָ֣ה רָ֖עָה לֹ֣א יִירָ֑א נָ֘כ֥וֹן לִ֜בּ֗וֹ בָּטֻ֥חַ בַּֽיהֹוָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | סָמ֣וּךְ לִ֖בּוֹ לֹ֣א יִירָ֑א עַ֖ד אֲשֶׁר־יִרְאֶ֣ה בְצָרָֽיו
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | פִּזַּ֚ר | נָ֘תַ֚ן לָאֶֽבְיוֹנִ֗ים צִ֖דְקָתוֹ עֹמֶ֣דֶת לָעַ֑ד קַ֜רְנ֗וֹ תָּר֥וּם בְּכָבֽוֹד
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" | רָשָׁ֚ע יִרְאֶ֨ה | וְכָעָ֗ס שִׁנָּ֣יו יַֽחֲרֹ֣ק וְנָמָ֑ס תַּֽאֲוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֹּאבֵֽד
|-
|}

===King James Version===
# Praise ye the LORD. Blessed is the man that feareth the LORD, that delighteth greatly in his commandments.
# His seed shall be mighty upon earth: the generation of the upright shall be blessed.
# Wealth and riches shall be in his house: and his righteousness endureth for ever.
# Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness: he is gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous.
# A good man sheweth favour, and lendeth: he will guide his affairs with discretion.
# Surely he shall not be moved for ever: the righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance.
# He shall not be afraid of evil tidings: his heart is fixed, trusting in the LORD.
# His heart is established, he shall not be afraid, until he see his desire upon his enemies.
# He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor; his righteousness endureth for ever; his horn shall be exalted with honour.
# The wicked shall see it, and be grieved; he shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away: the desire of the wicked shall perish.

===Latin Vulgate===
# Beatus vir, qui timet Dominum, in mandatis ejus volet nimis.
# Potens in terra erit semen ejus, generatio rectorum benedicetur.
# Gloria et divitiae in domo ejus, et iustitia ejus manet in saeculum saeculi.
# Exortum est in tenebris lumen rectis, misericors et miserator et iustus.
# Iucundus homo, qui miseretur et commodat, disponet res suas in judicio,
# quia in aeternum non commovebitur. In memoria aeterna erit iustus,
# ab auditione mala non timebit. Paratum cor ejus, sperare in Domino,
# confirmatum est cor eius, non commovebitur, donec despiciat inimicos suos.
# Dispersit dedit pauperibus; justitia ejus manet in saeculum saeculi, cornu ejus exaltabitur in gloria.
# Peccator videbit et irascetur, dentibus suis fremet et tabescet. Desiderium peccatorum peribit.

==Uses==
===[[Judaism]]===
The psalm begins הַלְלוּ-יָהּ:אַשְׁרֵי-אִישׁ, יָרֵא אֶת-יְהוָה; בְּמִצְו‍ֹתָיו, חָפֵץ מְאֹד.

===[[New Testament]]===
*Verse 9 is quoted in [[2 Corinthians 9:9]].<ref name=kirkpatrick>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 840 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

===[[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]]===
[[Saint]] [[Benedict of Nursia]] attributed the psalms from the [[Psalm]] 110 at the services of [[Vespers]], in its [[Rule of St. Benedict]] set to 530[[Anno Domini|AD]]. So this psalm was traditionally recited or sung during the solemn service of [[Vespers]] on [[Sunday]] between the [[Psalm 111]] and [[Psalm 113]].<ref>Règle de saint Benoît, traduction de Prosper Guéranger, Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes</ref><ref>Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, 1938/2003 p486</ref>

In ordinary Roman rite, Psalm 112 is currently the reading of the fifth Sunday in Ordinary Time. Moreover, in the Liturgy of the Hours enacted in 1970, the psalm is still recited at [[Vespers]] of Sunday's fourth week<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref> and evening of the Solemnity of the [[Epiphany (holiday)|Epiphany]].

==Musical settings==
The [[Latin]] text was set to music by many composers of different nationalities, such as [[Antonio Vivaldi]] or [[Claudio Monteverdi]]. In [[France]], [[Michel-Richard Delalande]] (S39), and [[André Campra]]. Marc- [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier|Antoine Charpentier]] composed 5 different "Beatus vir qui timet Dominum", H.154, H.199-H.199 a, H.208, H.221, H.224 (1670 - 1695) and many others composers also used these words.

It is usually known by its opening phrase ''[[Beatus vir]]'' (also the beginning of Psalm 1), under which title it is included in numerous musical settings such as [[Claudio Monteverdi]]'s 1640 ''[[Selva morale e spirituale]]'', also known as the Vespers of 1640; [[Vivaldi]]'s 'Beatus Vir', the third movements of Mozart's ''[[Vesperae de Dominica]]'' (K. 321) and ''[[Vesperae solennes de confessore]]'' (K. 339). [[Beatus Vir (Gorecki)]] (Opus 38, subtitled Psalm for baritone, large mixed chorus and grand orchestra), is a musical psalm setting written by [[Henryk Górecki]] in 1979.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat|Psalm 112}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|112|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|112|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|112]]

Psalm 111

2021-03-05T04:47:36Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|110}}
[[File:Psalms scroll.PNG|thumb|Scroll of the Psalms]]
'''Psalm 111''' is the 111th [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 110'''. Psalms 111, [[Psalm 112|112]] and [[Psalm 119|119]] are the only psalms which are [[acrostic]] by phrase in the Bible;<ref>Pratico, Gary, Basics of Bible Hebrew p.6 Copyright 2001</ref> that is, each 7-9 syllable phrase begins with each letter of the [[Hebrew alphabet]] in order.

==Uses==
===Judaism===
*Verse 4-5 are found in the repetition of the [[Amidah]] during [[Rosh Hashanah]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah page 323, 461</ref>
*Verse 10 is recited upon awakening following [[Modeh Ani]] and [[Ritual washing in Judaism|handwashing]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 2</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
*Verse 9a is quoted in [[Luke 1|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|1:68|KJV}}.<ref name=kirkpatrick>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | authorlink=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>
*Verse 9c is quoted in [[Luke 1|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|1:49|KJV}}.<ref name=kirkpatrick/>

===Protestant===
This is a psalm of praise to God for:{{cn|reason=This is presumably not just a Protestant interpretation of the psalm?|date=January 2021}}
* His great works v.2
* His enduring [[Righteousness]] v.3
* His grace and compassion v.4
* His provision v.5
* Truth and Justice v.7
* [[Redemption (theology)|Redemption]] for His people v.9
* Granting of wisdom to those who revere him v.10

==Musical settings==
[[Henri Desmarets|Henry Desmarest]] set one grand motet lorrain, "''Confitebor tibi Domine"'' (1707)

[[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] composed :

* In 1670s, one grand motet "''Confitebor tibi Domine",'' H.151, for soloists, chorus, 2 violins, and continuo
* In 1690s, one grand motet "''Confitebor tibi Domine",'' H.200 - H.200 a, for soloists, chorus, and continuo
* In 1690s, one grand motet "''Confitebor tibi Domine",'' H.220, for soloists, chorus and continuo
* Mid - 1690s, one grand motet "''Confitebor tibi Domine",'' H.225, for soloists, chorus, flutes, strings and continuo

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{commonscatinline}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|111|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|111|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|111]]

Psalm 110

2021-03-05T04:47:05Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|109}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 110
| subtitle = "The {{Lord}} said unto my Lord"
| type = [[Psalms#Royal psalms|Royal psalm]]
| image = Book of Hours, Use of Carmel, f.66v (157 x 110 mm), ca.1511, Alexander Turnbull Library, MSR-11 (5530631509).jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = Introduction to [[Vespers]] and beginning of the psalm, "Dixit Dominus", in a [[Book of Hours]]
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 109
* "Dixit Dominus"
}}
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 110''' is the 110th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "The {{Lord}} said unto my Lord". In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 109''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as '''Dixit Dominus''' ("The Lord Said").<ref name="Mediavalist">{{Cite web |url=http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps109.htm |title=Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 109 (110) |access-date=2019-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930160331/http://www.medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps109.htm |archive-date=2017-09-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is considered both a [[Psalms#Royal psalms|royal psalm]]{{sfn|Hayward|2010|p=379}} and a [[Christian messianic prophecies|messianic psalm]].<ref name=barry/> This psalm is a cornerstone in [[Christian theology]], as it is cited as proof of the [[Trinity|plurality of the Godhead]] and Jesus' supremacy as king, priest, and Messiah. For this reason, Psalm 110 is "the most frequently quoted or referenced psalm in the [[New Testament]]".<ref name=barry>{{cite journal |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a0d8/a07bb39aa84106a53c4d7b79bf07631c7c2a.pdf|title=Is Psalm 110 a Messianic Psalm?|first=Barry C.|last=Davis|journal=[[Bibliotheca Sacra]]|volume=157|date=April–June 2000|pages=160–73}} (footnote 1)</ref> Classical Jewish sources, in contrast, state that the subject of the psalm is either [[Abraham]], [[David]], or the [[Messiah in Judaism|Jewish Messiah]].

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], and [[Protestantism|Protestant]] liturgies. Because this psalm is prominent in the Office of [[Vespers]], its Latin text has particular significance in music. Well-known vespers settings are Monteverdi's ''[[Vespro della Beata Vergine]]'' (1610), and Mozart's ''[[Vesperae solennes de confessore (Mozart)|Vesperae solennes de confessore]]'' (1780). Handel composed ''[[Dixit Dominus (Handel)|Dixit Dominus]]'' in 1707, and Vivaldi set the psalm in Latin [[Dixit Dominus (Vivaldi)|three times]].

==Background==
The psalm is usually dated in its first part in the pre-exilic period of Israel, sometimes even completely in the oldest monarchy.<ref>Hans-Joachim Kraus: Psalmen. 2. Teilband Psalmen 50-150.</ref>

==Interpretation==
===Judaism ===
The [[Talmud]] (''[[Nedarim (Talmud)|Nedarim]]'' 32a) and [[Midrash Tehillim]] state that this psalm speaks about [[Abraham]], who was victorious in battle to save his brother-in-law [[Lot (biblical person)|Lot]] and merited priesthood.{{sfn|Hayward|2010|p=380}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.matsati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Midrash-Tehillim-Psalms-110.pdf|title=Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 110|publisher=matsati.com|date=October 2012|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> According to ''[[Avot of Rabbi Natan]]'' (34:6) the psalm is speaking of the [[Messiah in Judaism|Jewish Messiah]] in the context of the [[Four Horns and Four Craftsmen|Four Craftsmen]] in [[Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)|Zechariah]]'s vision.{{sfn|Boustan|2005|p=138}} [[Rashi]], [[Gershonides]], and Rabbi [[David Kimhi]] identify the subject of the psalm as [[David]].{{sfn|Lindo|1842|p=154}}

=== Christianity===
According to [[Matthew Henry]], this psalm is "pure gospel" and [[Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament|specifically refers to]] [[Jesus]] as the [[Messiah]].<ref name=Henry>{{cite web|url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/psalms/110.html|title=Psalms 110|first=Matthew|last=Henry|author-link=Matthew Henry|publisher=Bible Study Tools|year=2018|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> [[Charles Spurgeon]] concurs that while David composed the psalm, the psalm is solely about Jesus.<ref name=spur>{{cite web |url= https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=110|title= Psalm 110 Bible Commentary|first=Charles|last=Spurgeon|author-link=Charles Spurgeon|publisher=Christianity.com|year=2018|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref>

===''Adonai''===
The difference in interpretation between Jewish and Christian sources pivots on the translation of the Hebrew word אדני (''[[Names of God in Judaism#Adonai|Adonai]]'') in verse 1. This is usually translated as "my master" or "my lord", thus rendering the verse as "The Lord spoke to my master". While ''Adonai'' is one of the [[names of God in Judaism|names of God]], throughout the [[Tanakh]] it refers to a human "master" or "lord".<ref name=jfj/> Since David wrote this psalm in the third person, to be sung by the [[Levites]] in the [[Temple in Jerusalem]], the Levites would be saying that "the Lord spoke to my master"—i.e. to David.<ref name=jfj>{{cite web |url=https://jewsforjudaism.org/knowledge/articles/psalm-110-a-jewish-perspective/|title=Psalm 110 – A Jewish Perspective |first=Bentzion|last=Kravitz |year=2005|access-date=October 10, 2018|work=[[Jews for Judaism]]}}</ref>

However, the [[King James Version]] and many subsequent Christian translations{{efn|Notable exceptions are the [[New Revised Standard Edition]] ("The Lord said to my lord"),<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+110&version=NRSV|title=Psalm 110 –New Revised Standard Version (RSV)|publisher=Bible Gateway|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> the [[New International Version]] and [[New American Bible Revised Edition]] ("The {{LORD}} says to my lord")<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+110&version=NIV|title=Psalm 110 –New International Version (NIV)|publisher=Bible Gateway|access-date=July 16, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/110:1 |title=Psalms, Chapter 110|year=2018|access-date=October 10, 2018|publisher=United States Conference of Catholic Bishops}}</ref> and the [[Common English Bible]] ("What the Lord says to my master".)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+110&version=CEB |title=Psalm 110 – Common English Bible (CEB)|publisher=Bible Gateway|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref>|name=|group=}} capitalize the second word "Lord", intending that it refers to Jesus.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://claudemariottini.com/2012/08/20/adonai/ |title=Adonai|first= Dr. Claude |last=Mariottini|date=August 20, 2012|access-date=October 10, 2018|publisher= claudemariottini.com}}</ref> As the {{LORD}} is speaking to another Lord, Henry postulates that "two distinct divine Persons…are involved"—namely, God and Jesus.<ref name=Henry/> Henry further claims that in this psalm, David is acknowledging Christ's sovereignty and his (David's) subservience to him.<ref name=Henry/> Jesus himself quoted this verse during [[Sanhedrin trial of Jesus|his trial before the Sanhedrin]] ({{bibleverse|Matthew|26:64|NIV}}), referring to himself, and {{bibleverse||Acts|2:34-36|NIV}} states that this verse was fulfilled in the [[Ascension of Jesus|ascension]] and [[Session of Christ|exaltation]] of [[Christ]].{{sfn|Stout|2014|p=29}}

===The Priest-King===
[[File:Friesach - Dominikanerkirche - Hochaltar - Melchisedech.jpg|thumb|right|The altar of the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] church at [[Friesach]], Austria, showing [[Abraham]] meeting [[Melchizedek]]]]
A second point on which Jewish and Christian interpretations differ is the language in verse 4, which describes a person who combines the offices of kingship and priesthood, as exemplified by the non-Jewish king [[Melchizedek]]. Ostensibly, this could not apply to King David, who was not a [[kohen]] (priest). However, [[Rashi]] explains here that the term ''kohen'' occasionally refers to a ministerial role, as in (II Sam. 8:18), "and David's sons were kohanim (ministers of state)".<ref name=jfj/> Gershonides and Rabbi David Kimhi further state that the term ''kohen'' could be applied to a "chief ruler".{{sfn|Lindo|1842|p=154}} Thus, the prophetic promise, "You will be a priest forever", can be translated as "You will be a head and prince of Israel", referring to David.{{sfn|Lindo|1842|p=154}}

Spurgeon rejects this interpretation, stating that in ancient Israel, no one held the offices of king and priest simultaneously. However, that title can be given to Jesus, "the apostle and high priest of our profession".<ref name=spur/> The psalm is used in the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] to justify the award of the title "High Priest" to Jesus from Scripture.<ref>Angela Rascher, Schriftauslegung und Christologie im Hebräerbrief, S. 118f.</ref> Henry notes: "Melchizedek was 'a priest upon his throne' (Zech. 6:13), so is Christ, king of righteousness and king of peace. Melchizedek had no successor, nor has Christ; his is an unchangeable priesthood".<ref name=Henry/>

==Text==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 110:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | לְדָוִ֗ד מִ֫זְמ֥וֹר נְאֻ֚ם יְהֹוָ֨ה | לַֽאדֹנִ֗י שֵׁ֥ב לִֽימִינִ֑י עַד־אָשִׁ֥ית אֹֽ֜יְבֶ֗יךָ הֲדֹ֣ם לְרַגְלֶֽיךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | מַטֵּ֚ה עֻזְּךָ֗ יִשְׁלַ֣ח יְ֖הֹוָה מִצִיּ֑וֹן רְ֜דֵ֗ה בְּקֶ֣רֶב אֹֽיְבֶֽיךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | עַמְּךָ֥ נְדָבֹת֘ בְּי֪וֹם חֵ֫ילֶ֥ךָ בְּהַדְרֵי־קֹ֖דֶשׁ מֵרֶ֣חֶם מִשְׁחָ֑ר לְ֜ךָ֗ טַ֣ל יַלְדֻתֶֽךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" |שְׁבַּ֚ע יְהֹוָ֨ה | וְלֹ֥֬א יִנָּחֵ֗ם אַתָּה־כֹהֵ֥ן לְעוֹלָ֑ם עַל־דִּ֜בְרָתִ֗י מַלְכִּי־צֶֽדֶק
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | אֲדֹנָ֥י עַל־יְמִֽינְךָ֑ מָחַ֖ץ בְּיוֹם־אַפּ֣וֹ מְלָכִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | יָדִ֣ין בַּ֖גּוֹיִם מָלֵ֣א גְוִיּ֑וֹת מָ֥חַץ רֹ֜֗אשׁ עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ רַבָּֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | מִנַּחַל בַּדֶּ֣רֶךְ יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֜֗ן יָרִ֥ים רֹֽאשׁ
|-
|}

===King James Version===
# The {{Lord}} said unto my lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool.
# The {{Lord}} shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: rule thou in the midst of thine enemies.
# Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power, in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning: thou hast the dew of thy youth.
# The {{Lord}} hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.
# The Lord at thy right hand shall strike through kings in the day of his wrath.
# He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the places with the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries.
# He shall drink of the brook in the way: therefore shall he lift up the head.

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Verses 6-7 are the final two verses of ''[[Av HaRachamim]]'', said during the [[Shabbat]] and [[Jewish holiday|Yom Tov]] [[Shacharit|morning service]].<ref name=shim>{{cite web |url=https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=46}}</ref>{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=457}}

Psalm 110 is recited on Shabbat ''[[Lech-Lecha]]'' in the ''Siddur Avodas Yisroel''.<ref name=shim/>

This psalm is recited as a prayer of protection to achieve peace with enemies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytehillim.com/Default.aspx?CategoryOption=True|title=Protection|work=Daily Tehillim|access-date=October 9, 2018}}</ref>

===New Testament===
*Verse 1 is quoted in [[Matthew 22|Matthew]] {{bibleverse-nb|Matthew|22:44|KJV}}; [[Mark 12|Mark]] {{bibleverse-nb|Mark|12:36|KJV}}; [[Luke 20|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|20:42,43|KJV}}; [[Acts 2|Acts]] {{bibleverse-nb|Acts|2:34-35|KJV}}; [[Hebrews 1:13]]. Compare: {{bibleverse|Matthew|26:64|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Mark|14:62|KJV}}; {{bibleverse-nb|Mark|16:19|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Luke|22:69|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|15:25|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Ephesians |1:20|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Colossians|3:1|KJV}}; [[Hebrews 1:3]]; [[Hebrews 8:1|8:1]]; {{bibleverse-nb|Hebrews|10:12,13|KJV}}; {{bibleverse-nb|Hebrews|12:2|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|1 Peter|3:22|KJV}}<ref name=appkirkpatrick>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>
*Verse 4 is quoted in [[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]] {{bibleverse-nb|Hebrews|5:6|KJV}}; {{bibleverse-nb|Hebrews|6:20|KJV}}; {{bibleverse-nb|Hebrews|7:17,21|KJV}}<ref name=appkirkpatrick/>

===Protestantism===
[[Oliver Cromwell]] reportedly had his army sing this psalm before going out to battle against Scotland; it was his "favorite fighting song". This led to Psalm 110 becoming known as "the cursing psalm".{{sfn|Smith|1814|pp=291–2}}

===Catholicism===
In his ''Rule'' (530), Saint [[Benedict of Nursia]] designated psalms 109 to 147 for [[vespers]], except those psalms reserved for other hours.<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/50040/50040-h/50040-h.html Rule of Saint Benedict, chapter 18]</ref> Therefore, from the early [[Middle Ages]], Psalm 110 (109 in the [[Septuagint]] numbering, beginning in Latin Dixit Dominus) has traditionally been recited at the beginning of vespers on every Sunday. It continues to be the first psalm at vespers on Sundays, [[solemnity|solemnities]] and celebrations with the rank of "feast".

Verses 1 to 4 form the [[responsorial psalm]] that follows the first reading on the [[solemnity of the Holy Body and Blood of Christ]] in the third year of the three-year cycle of readings.

=== Musical settings ===
[[file:Francesco Durante - Dixit Dominus. (BL Add MS 31610 f. 71r).jpg|thumb|right|[[Francesco Durante]] - Dixit Dominus]]
Because this Psalm is the first in the Office of Sunday [[Vespers]], its Latin text, which begins with ''Dixit Dominus'', has particular significance in music. It was set by [[Tomás Luis de Victoria]] in 1581, among many other 16th century composers. [[Claudio Monteverdi]] composed a choral setting in his ''[[Vespro della Beata Vergine]]'' in 1610 and again in his ''[[Selva morale e spirituale]]'' in 1640. [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] set 6 "''Dixit Dominus",'' H.153, H.197, H.202, H.204, H.190, H.226 (1670 - 1690), [[André Campra]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Talvard|first=Françoise|title=Dixit Dominus|url=https://boutique.cmbv.fr/fr/dixit-dominus-expodcast1|website=boutique.cmbv.fr}}</ref> and [[Alessandro Scarlatti]] in 1700. [[George Frideric Handel]] wrote ''[[Dixit Dominus (Handel)|Dixit Dominus]]'', [[HWV]] 232 in 1707, his earliest surviving autograph. [[Nicola Porpora]] set the psalm in 1720, and [[Antonio Vivaldi]] wrote [[Dixit Dominus (Vivaldi)|three settings]]. [[Giovanni Battista Pergolesi]] set the psalm in 1732, and [[Leonardo Leo]] in both 1741 and 1742. [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] set the psalm for choir and orchestra in his vespers, ''[[Vesperae solennes de Dominica (Mozart)|Vesperae solennes de Dominica]]'', [[Köchel-Verzeichnis|K.]] 321 (1779) and ''[[Vesperae solennes de confessore (Mozart)|Vesperae solennes de confessore]]'', K. 339 (1780). [[Michel Richard Delalande]] and [[Michael Haydn]] composed settings in the 18th century.

[[Heinrich Schütz]] set the psalm in German twice, "Der Herr sprach zu meinem Herren", in 1619 as the first movement of his ''[[Psalmen Davids]]'' for voices and instruments ([[SVW]] 22), and for choir as part of his setting of the [[Becker Psalter]] (SWV 208).

In 1959, [[Richard Rodgers]] composed a partial setting of the psalm for the opening sequence of his musical ''[[The Sound of Music]]'', using verses 1, 5, and 7.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3YH99skQxGIC&pg=PA138 |title = From Martyr to Mystic: Rabbinic Martyrology and the Making of Merkavah Mysticism|first= Ra'anan S. |last=Boustan| publisher =Mohr Siebeck| year = 2005|isbn= 9783161487538}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J22LA0wJcFQC&pg=PA380|title=Targums and the Transmission of Scripture Into Judaism and Christianity|first=Robert|last=Hayward|year=2010|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004179561}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gBNNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA154 |title=The Conciliator of R. Manasseh Ben Israel: A Reconcilement of the Apparent Contradictions in Holy Scripture|volume=1|first=Elias Haim|last=Lindo|year=1842|publisher=Duncan and Malcolm}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&id=etK8tgEACAAJ&q=126|title=The Complete Artscroll Siddur|first=Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman|year=2003|publisher=[[Artscroll|Mesorah Publications, Ltd.]]|isbn=9780899066509|edition=3rd}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0V0XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA291|title=The Reasonableness of Setting Forth the Most Worthy Praise of Almighty God|first=William|last=Smith|year=1814|publisher=T. and J. Swords}}
*{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=eU0SBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29 |title= Preach the Word: A Pauline Theology of Preaching Based on 2 Timothy 4:1-5|first=Stephen Oliver|last=Stout|year=2014|publisher= Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn= 9781625648990}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat}}
{{Wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 110|Psalm 110}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 110|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 110}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 110}}
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26b0.htm Psalms Chapter 110] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-110/ Psalm 101 – Messiah, Priest, Conquering King] text and detailed commentary, enduringword.com
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/110 A psalm of David. / The LORD says to my lord:*] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-110-1.html Psalm 110:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-110 Psalm 110 / The Lord is king and has put on glorious apparel.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20110 Psalm 131] at biblegateway.com
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/110?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 110] hymnary.org

{{Psalms}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Psalms|110]]
[[Category:Melchizedek]]
[[Category:Works attributed to David]]

Psalm 109

2021-03-05T04:46:37Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|108}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 109
| subtitle = "Song of the Slandered"
| type =
| image = LuttrellPsalterFol202vGeoffLutrellMounted.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption =[[Luttrell Psalter]] (1320–1340) showing ''Psaume'' (Psalm) 109
| other_name = {{plainlist|

}}
| text = A psalm of David
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 109''' is a [[Psalms|psalm]] in the [[Book of Psalms]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible, and in the Latin [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 108''' in a slightly different numbering system. It is noted for containing some of the most severe curses in the [[Bible]], such as [[#Verse 12|verses 12]] and [[#Verse 13|13]]. It has traditionally been called the "Judas Psalm"<ref>{{cite book|last= Stanford |first= Peter |title= Judas: The Most Hated Name In History |publisher= Catapult |date= 2016 |isbn= 9781619027503| chapter=Chapter 8: Bags of Money: Judas and the Original Merchant-Bankers}}</ref> or "Iscariot Psalm" for an interpretation relating [[#Verse 8|verse 8]] to [[Judas Iscariot]]'s punishment as noted in the [[New Testament]].<ref>{{cite book |last= Willmington |first= H. L. |title= Willmington's Guide to the Bible |edition= reprint |publisher= Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. |date= 1981 |isbn= 9780842388047 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/willmingtonsguid00will/page/126 126] |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/willmingtonsguid00will/page/126 }}</ref>

==Analysis==
The New Oxford Annotated Bible titles this psalm "Prayer for deliverance from enemies", as one of the [[Imprecatory Psalms]] against deceitful foes.{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=873 Hebrew Bible}} It starts with the psalmist's plea in verses 1–5, followed by an extensive imprecation (verses 6–19, concluded or summed up in verse 20).{{sfn|Rodd|2007|p=396}} The renewed pleading at verse 21 is made with appeals on the grounds of [[Yahweh]]'s steadfast love, the details of the psalmist's own misery, and the request for vengeance to the enemies, but the lament ends with the vow to offer praise, which is so common in this type of psalm (verses 30–31).{{sfn|Rodd|2007|p=396}} In verses 8–14 the curse by the psalmist 'extends through three generations': on the person ([[#Verse 8|verse 8]]), on the person's children (verses 9–[[#Verse 13|13]]), and on the person's parents (verse 14).{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=873 Hebrew Bible}} The change from plural enemies (verses 2–5) to a singular individual (verses 6–19) parallels to [[Psalm 55]].{{sfn|Motyer|1994|p=559}}

In verse 4, there is evil given 'in return for my love'. The curses here are consistent with Proverbs 17.13 where "if evil is given for good then evil will not depart from their house".<ref>https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs+17%3A13&version=ESV</ref> Returning evil for good, is also seen in other Psalms often seen as portending Judas being an 'anti-friend' figure returning evil for good or even friendship, namely 41, 69 and here in 109.

The closing of Psalm 109 has God at the right hand of the poor man and is in striking contrast with the opening of Psalm 110 where God calls a man to sit at his right hand, made forever like the priest king, Melchizedek.

==Uses==

===Verse 2 and 30===
There is an inclusio near the opening and closing of the Psalm. In the opening the Psalmist is facing the lies of accusers mouths while in the close his own mouth greatly praise God.
:'For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of the deceitful are opened against me: they have spoken against me with a lying tongue.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Psalm|109:2|KJV}} [[King James Version|KJV]]</ref>

:'I will greatly praise the Lord with my mouth; yea, I will praise him among the multitude.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Psalm|109:30|KJV}} [[King James Version|KJV]]</ref>

===Verse 8===
:''Let his days be few; and let another take his office.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Psalm|109:8|KJV}} [[King James Version|KJV]]</ref>

The [[Saint Peter|Apostle Peter]] quoted verse 8 of Psalm 109 (''"Let another take his office"'') before the apostles elected the replacement for [[Judas Iscariot]] in [[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]] {{bibleverse-nb|Acts|1:16-20|KJV}}.

In the United States, 109:8 "May his days be few; may another take his place of leadership" has been used by a number of fundamentalist preachers who use the [[imprecatory psalm]] as an [[imprecatory prayer]]. Pastor Greg Dixon of the [[Indianapolis Baptist Temple]] had invoked it,<ref>{{cite news |title=Fundamentalist preachers pray for death of foes |first=Ellen |last=Warren |newspaper=Spokesman-Review Spokane Chronicle |date=June 7, 1986 |at=A5|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2f4SAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Yu8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6957,4924923}}</ref> which had been condemned by others.<ref>{{cite book |title=Evangelical Terrorism: Censorship, Falwell, Robertson & the Seamy Side of Christian Fundamentalism |last=Ide |first=Arthur Frederick |year=1986 |publisher=Scholars Books |isbn=978-0-938659-01-3 |page=116 }}</ref> In 2009, the media reported more widely on its usage in reference to President [[Barack Obama]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Biblical anti-Obama slogan: Use of Psalm 109:8 funny or sinister? |first=Tracey D. |last=Samuelson |newspaper=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |date=November 16, 2009 |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2009/1116/biblical-anti-obama-slogan-use-of-psalm-1098-funny-or-sinister? }}</ref> by those such as Pastor [[Wiley Drake]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Obama-haters are perverting Christianity |first=Tony |last=Norman |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=November 20, 2009 |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09324/1014951-153.stm }}</ref> In January 2010, a Florida Sheriff's deputy was suspended for highlighting the passage in another deputy's bible and adding the note "The Obama Prayer" beside it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/109th-psalm-obama-prayer-threat-free-speech-sheriffs/story?id=12538288|title=109th Psalm 'Obama Prayer': Threat or Free Speech?|publisher=[[ABC News]]|author=Devin Dwyer|date=2010-01-04}}</ref> In January 2012, Kansas Speaker of the House [[Michael O'Neal]] sent an email quoting verse 8 to his Republican colleagues that stated, "At last — I can honestly voice a Biblical prayer for our president! Look it up — it is word for word! Let us all bow our heads and pray. Brothers and Sisters, can I get an AMEN? AMEN!!!!!!"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/jan/03/statehouse-live-speaker-oneal-forwards-anti-obama-/|title=Statehouse Live: Speaker O'Neal forwards anti-Obama email|date=2012-01-03|author=Scott Rothschild|publisher=[[Lawrence Journal-World]]}}</ref> On June 10, 2016, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[David Perdue]] quoted the verse, referencing Obama, at the [[Faith and Freedom Coalition|Faith and Freedom Coalition's]] Road to Majority conference.<ref>{{cite news |URL=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2016/06/10/Sen-David-Perdue-tells-faith-event-Pray-Obamas-days-are-few/2071465585306/?spt=hs&or=tn_us |title=Sen. David Perdue tells faith event: Pray Obama's 'days are few' |publisher=UPI |date=June 10, 2016 |access-date=June 10, 2016}}</ref>

By the late summer of 2017,{{cn|date=October 2020}} bumper stickers could be seen asking people to pray for US President [[Donald Trump]] with the same attribution.<ref>See, e.g., {{cite web |title=Pray for Trump |url=https://appellatesquawk.wordpress.com/2019/07/14/pray-for-trump/ |website=Appellate Squawk |access-date=14 July 2019}}</ref>

===Verse 12===
:''Let there be none to extend mercy unto him: neither let there be any to favour his fatherless children.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Psalm|109:12|KJV}} KJV</ref>
*"Let there be none to extend mercy unto him" or "Let him have none to continue lovingkindness to him as represented in his children"; nor "anyone have pity" on his orphaned children.<ref name=kirkpatrick/> The phrase "to extend mercy" is translated from {{lang-he|משך חסד}}, ''{{Strong-number|mō-šêḵ|H|4900}} {{Strong-number|chā-seḏ|H|2617}}'', which can also mean "to draw out mercy" in the sense of "causing it to continue and last" (cf. {{bibleverse|Psalm|36:11|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Jeremiah|31:3|KJV}})<ref name=kad>Keil, Carl Friedrich; Delitzsch, Franz. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/kad/psalms/109.htm ''Commentary on the Old Testament'' (1857-1878). Psalm 109]. Accessed 24 February 2019.</ref>

===Verse 13===
:''Let his posterity be cut off; and in the generation following let their name be blotted out.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Psalm|109:13|KJV}} KJV</ref>
*"Let his posterity be cut off": or "may his sons die childless" (cf. {{bibleverse|Psalm|37:28|KJV}}, {{bibleverse-nb|Psalm|37:38|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Job|18:13-21|KJV}}).<ref name=kirkpatrick>{{cite book |last= Kirkpatrick | first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick | title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. Books IV and V: Psalms XC-CL |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |location = Cambridge |publisher = At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 657 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=We5jDJu-nisC | access-date= February 28, 2019 }}</ref>
*"In the generation following their name be blotted out": or "in the next generation their name be removed from the registry of the citizens" (cf. {{bibleverse|Psalm|69:28|KJV}}).<ref name=kirkpatrick/> The extinction of a family (name) was considered the most extreme calamity for the Israelites.<ref name=kirkpatrick/>

===In Judaism===
Psalm 109 is recited on the day of [[Parshat Zachor]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Artscroll Tehillim|page=329}}</ref>

===Modern literature===
Psalm 109 was used by [[Thomas Hardy]] in his novel ''[[The Mayor of Casterbridge]]''. Michael Henchard, the protagonist of the novel, is drinking with the choir after practice when he sees his rival, Donald Farfrae, whom he hates. He later persuades the choir to sing Psalm 109. The choir master remarks of this psalm that, "Twasn't made for singing. We chose it once when the gypsy stole the parson's mare, thinking to please him, but parson were quite upset. Whatever Servant David were thinking about when he made a Psalm that nobody can sing without disgracing himself, I can't fathom."<ref>{{cite journal|last= Aschkenasy|first= Nehama | title=Biblical Substructures in the Tragic Form Hardy, "The Mayor of Casterbridge" Agnon, "And the Crooked Shall Be Made Straight"|journal=Modern Language Studies|volume=13 |issue=1 | date=1983| pages= 103 |doi= 10.2307/3194323 |jstor = 3194323 }}</ref>

Some verses of the same psalm figure prominently in [[M. R. James]]'s supernatural story "[[The Stalls of Barchester Cathedral]]" (1910), which recounts the guilt-ridden life and dismal death of Archdeacon John Haynes.<ref name="ge">M. R. James, "The Stalls of Barchester Cathedral," in ''Collected Ghost Stories'', ed. Darryl Jones (Oxford UP, 2011), pp. 165–78.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Acts 1]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last= Coogan|first = Michael David| author-link= Michael D. Coogan |title = The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48
|editor-last1=Coogan |editor-first1=Michael David
|editor-first2=Marc Zvi |editor-last2= Brettler
|editor-first3=Carol Ann |editor-last3= Newsom
|editor-first4= Pheme |editor-last4= Perkins
|edition=Augmented 3rd |publisher = Oxford University Press |year =2007
|isbn = 9780195288810 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ }}
*{{cite book|last= Motyer |first= J. A. | author-link = J. Alec Motyer| chapter= The Psalms |editor-last=Carson |editor-first=D. A. |title=New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition|editor-link= D. A. Carson| editor-last2= France |editor-first2= R. T. | editor2-link= R. T. France |editor-first3=J. A. |editor-last3= Motyer | editor3-link = J. Alec Motyer| editor-first4= G. J. |editor-last4= Wenham | editor4-link = Gordon Wenham| edition=4, illustrated, reprint, revised| publisher= Inter-Varsity Press | date= 1994| isbn = 9780851106489 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uveHQgAACAAJ |pages = 485–583}}
*{{cite book|last= Rodd | first= C. S. | chapter = 18. Psalms | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 355–405 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}

==External links==
{{commonscat|Psalm 109}}
{{Wikisourcepar2|Bible, King James, Psalms#Psalm 109|Psalm 109}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16330/showrashi/true|title=Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 109, translation with Rashi's commentary|publisher=Judaica Press [[Chabad.org]]}}

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|109]]
[[Category:Works attributed to David]]

Psalm 108

2021-03-05T04:46:10Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|107}}
[[File:Harley Psalter - BL Harley 603 psalm 108 f55v.jpg|thumb|right|[[Harley Psalter]] (1000-1050) - Psalm 108]]

'''Psalm 108''' is the 108th psalm in the [[Book of Psalms]]. The first verse attributes it to King [[David]], the author of many Psalms. It is a [[Psalms#Primary types|hymn]], beginning in English "O God, my heart is fixed; I will sing and give praise, even with my glory" in the [[King James Version]] (KJV). In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in the Latin [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 107'''. In Latin, it is known as "'''Paratum cor meum Deus'''".<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps107.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 107 (108] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps107.htm |date=2017-05-07 }} medievalist.net</ref>

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant liturgies. It has been paraphrased in [[hymn]]s, and has been set to music often.

== Structure and themes ==
Psalm 108 contains numerous verses which appear in other psalms. Verses 1–5 are similar to [[Psalm 57|Psalm 57:7–11]], with slight variation, while verses 7–13 are similar to [[Psalm 60|Psalm 60:5–12]]. William Barrick considers this psalm to be the "borrower".<ref>James Luther Mays, '' Psalms'' (Westminster John Knox Press, 2011 ) p347.</ref><ref>William Barrick, [http://drbarrick.org/files/studynotes/Psalms/Ps_108.pdf Psalms Hymns and Spitritual Songs: The Master Musician melodies] (2007).</ref> [[John Paul II]] said that the fusion of Psalms 57 and 60 with Psalm 108 shows that "Israel, already in the [[Old Testament]], was re-using and bringing up-to-date the Word of God revealed".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/audiences/2003/documents/hf_jp-ii_aud_20030528.html |title=General Audience of John Paul II |date=28 May 2003|publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref>

[[Charles Spurgeon]] called Psalm 108 "The Warrior's Morning Song, with which he adores his God and strengthens his heart before entering upon the conflicts of the day".<ref>Charles H. Spurgeon’s Treasury of David</ref> [[Matthew Henry]] calls it "An assurance of God's answer and salvation".<ref>Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary</ref>

The [[Midrash]] teaches that verse 3 refers to David's practice of arising each night before dawn and praising God with psaltery and harp, thus "awakening the dawn".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.matsati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Midrash-Tehillim-Psalms-108.pdf|title=Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 108|date=October 2012|access-date=25 August 2018|publisher=matsati.com}} (password: www.matsati.com)</ref>

== Text ==
=== Hebrew Bible version ===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 108:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | שִׁ֖יר מִזְמ֣וֹר לְדָוִֽד
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | נָכ֣וֹן לִבִּ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים אָשִׁ֥ירָה וַֽ֜אֲזַמְּרָ֗ה אַף־כְּבוֹדִֽי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | עוּרָה הַנֵּ֥בֶל וְ֜כִנּ֗וֹר אָעִ֥ירָה שָּֽׁחַר
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" |אוֹדְךָ֖ בָעַמִּ֥ים | יְהֹוָ֑ה וַֽ֜אֲזַמֶּרְךָ֗ בַּלְאֻמִּֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | כִּֽי־גָד֣וֹל מֵעַל־שָׁמַ֣יִם חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וְעַד־שְׁחָקִ֥ים אֲמִתֶּֽךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | ר֣וּמָה עַל־שָׁמַ֣יִם אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | לְמַעַן יֵחָֽלְצ֣וּן יְדִידֶ֑יךָ הוֹשִׁ֖יעָה יְמִֽינְךָ֣ וַֽעֲנֵֽנִי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | אֱלֹהִ֚ים | דִּבֶּ֥ר בְּקָדְשׁ֗וֹ אֶֽעֱלֹ֥זָה אֲחַלְּקָ֥ה שְׁכֶ֑ם וְעֵ֖מֶק סֻכּ֣וֹת אֲמַדֵּֽד
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | לִ֚י גִלְעָ֨ד | לִ֬י מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה וְ֖אֶפְרַיִם מָע֣וֹז רֹאשִׁ֑י יְ֜הוּדָ֗ה מְחֹֽקְקִֽי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" | מוֹאָ֚ב | סִ֬יר רַחְצִּ֗י עַל־אֱ֖דוֹם אַשְׁלִ֣יךְ נַֽעֲלִ֑י עֲלֵֽי־פְ֜לֶ֗שֶׁת אֶתְרוֹעָֽע
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | מִ֣י יֽ֖וֹבִלֵנִי עִ֣יר מִבְצָ֑ר מִ֖י נָחַ֣נִי עַד־אֱדֽוֹם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | הֲלֹֽא־אֱלֹהִ֥ים זְנַחְתָּ֑נוּ וְלֹֽא־תֵצֵ֥א אֱ֜לֹהִ֗ים בְּצִבְאֹתֵֽינוּ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | הָ֣בָה־לָּ֖נוּ עֶזְרָ֣ת מִצָּ֑ר וְ֜שָׁ֗וְא תְּשׁוּעַ֥ת אָדָֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| style="text-align:right" | בֵּֽאלֹהִ֥ים נַֽעֲשֶׂה־חָ֑יִל וְ֜ה֗וּא יָב֥וּס צָרֵֽינוּ
|-
|}

=== King James Version ===
# O God, my heart is fixed; I will sing and give praise, even with my glory.
# Awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early.
# I will praise thee, O {{Lord}}, among the people: and I will sing praises unto thee among the nations.
# For thy mercy is great above the heavens: and thy truth reacheth unto the clouds.
# Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: and thy glory above all the earth;
# That thy beloved may be delivered: save with thy right hand, and answer me.
# God hath spoken in his holiness; I will rejoice, I will divide Shechem, and mete out the valley of Succoth.
# Gilead is mine; Manasseh is mine; Ephraim also is the strength of mine head; Judah is my lawgiver;
# [[Moab]] is my washpot; over [[Edom]] will I cast out my shoe; over [[Philistia]] will I triumph.
# Who will bring me into the strong city? who will lead me into Edom?
# Wilt not thou, O God, who hast cast us off? and wilt not thou, O God, go forth with our hosts?
# Give us help from trouble: for vain is the help of man.
# Through God we shall do valiantly: for he it is that shall tread down our enemies.

== Uses ==
=== Judaism ===
* Verse 5 is recited during [[Selichot]].<ref name=shim>{{cite web |url=https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|access-date=25 August 2018|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=46}}</ref>
* Verse 7 is part of the ''Elokai Netzor'' paragraph at the end of the [[Amidah]]. This verse is identical to verse 7 in [[Psalm 60]].<ref name=shim/>

=== Catholic Church ===
This is one of the psalms for which St. [[Benedict of Nursia]] did not specify the use, in the [[Rule of St. Benedict]] of 530[[Anno Domini|AD]]. However, Psalm 108 was traditionally performed by his order for [[matins]] of [[Saturday]],<ref>[http://www.abbaye-montdescats.fr/?page_id=1887 Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, p.408.]</ref> or according to another document of the founder or according to one of his successors, so that all 150 psalms are executed each Week.<ref>[http://www.abbaye-montdescats.fr/?page_id=1887 C'est la raison pour laquelle la distribution aurait été fixée par lui]. (chapitre XI, traduction par [[Prosper Guéranger]],(Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, réimpression 2007) p39.</ref>

In the [[Liturgy of Hours]], Psalm 108 is read to the Office of [[Lauds]] of Wednesday of the fourth week.<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref>

=== Protestant and Anglican ===
Psalm 108 has been set to music in The [[Anglican]] "[[Hymnal]] 1982", The United Methodist Hymnal, Psalter Hymnal (Gray) and the [[Baptist Hymnal]] (1991 version).

==Music==
[[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] set around 1680 one " ''Paratum cor meum Deus",'' H.183, for 3 voices and continuo.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 108|Psalm 108}}
{{commonscat|Psalm 108}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 108|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 108}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 108}}
* Text of Psalm 108 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm108.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26a8.htm Psalms Chapter 108] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/108 A song; a psalm of David. / My heart is steadfast, God; my heart is steadfast.] United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-108-1.html Psalm 108:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-108/ Psalm 108 – Praise and Trust from the Past for Today] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-108 Psalm 108 / Refrain: Be exalted, O God, above the heavens.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20108 Psalm 108] at biblegateway.com

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|108]]
[[Category:Works attributed to David]]
[[Category:Philistia]]

Psalm 107

2021-03-05T04:45:41Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|106}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Psalm 107|previouslink= Psalm 106|previousletter= Psalm 106|nextlink= Psalm 108 |nextletter= Psalm 108 | book= [[Book of Psalms]] | biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 19 |hbiblepart= [[Ketuvim]] | hbooknum = 1 |category= [[Ketuvim|Sifrei Emet]] | filename= (Part of the) Fishermen's Window, St Margaret's Church - geograph.org.uk - 913070.jpg |size=250px | name= Fishermen's Window, St Margaret's Church |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Psalm 107:30-31 quoted in the window of St. Margaret's Church, [[Barking Abbey]]</div>}}
'''Psalm 107''' is the 107th [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Zenger|first=Erich|title=The Composition and Theology of the Fifth Book of Psalms, Psalms 107-145|journal=Journal for the Study of the Old Testament|year=1998|issue=80|pages=77–102}}</ref> This psalm is a song of thanksgiving to God, who has been merciful to his people and gathered all who were lost. It is beloved of [[Sailor|mariner]]s due to its reference to ships and the sea (v. 23).<ref>Commentaires sur les psaumes, d’Hilaire de Poitiers, IVe siècle, Paris, Éditions du Cerf, 2008, collection sources chrétiennes n°515,</ref><ref>Commentaires sur les psaumes, of saint [[John Chrysostom]].</ref> In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 106'''.

==Structure==
Psalm 107 is [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|divided into]] 43 verses and is one of the longer psalms in the Bible. In the [[Revised Standard Version]] (RSV), it is split into seven sections, each section having a related but distinct theme. The first section, the shortest, comprises verses 1-3; the second, verses 4-9; the third, verses 10-16; the fourth, verses 17-22; the fifth, verses 23-32; the sixth, verses 33-38; and the seventh and final, verses 39-43. An interesting feature of Psalm 107 commonly found in the poetic books of the Bible is its overall regularity. The line lengths are different, but the size of the original sectional divisions is pleasingly even.<ref name="Hebrew Verse Structure">{{cite book|last=OConnor|first=M.|title=Hebrew Verse Structure|year=1980|publisher=Eisenbrauns|location=Winona Lake, IN}}</ref> The theme of the psalm moves forward from section to section. In the [[Masoretic Text|Masoretic]] Hebrew text, there are seven [[inverted nun]]s (׆).

==Dating==
The Psalms date from anywhere between the 15th - 13th century BC and 400 BC.<ref>Authorship, Occasion and date, in ESV Study Bible (Wheaton: Crossway, 2016) p.937</ref> Although the exact timing of the writing of Psalm 107 is uncertain, it was most likely written during a time of increased union among the [[Jewish]] people during the reign of King David (1010-970 BC).<ref name=David>{{cite web|last=Schoenberg|first=Shira|title=David|work=Jewish Virtual Library|publisher=The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise| url= https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/king-david | access-date=3 Nov 2011}}</ref><ref name="The Psalms of the Return Book V, Psalms 107-150">{{cite journal|last=Ballard Jr.|first=H. Wayne|title=The Psalms of the Return Book V, Psalms 107-150|journal=Review of Biblical Literature|year=2002|issue=4|pages=231–232}}</ref>

==General theme==
Overall, Psalm 107 is considered one of Israel’s historical psalms, along with Psalm 106 and many of the royal psalms, among others.<ref name="Soundings in the Theology of Psalms">{{cite book|last=Jacobson|first=Rolf A.|title=Soundings in the Theology of Psalms|year=2011|publisher=Fortress|location=Minneapolis|pages=111–137}}</ref> The overall outline of the historical psalms is to tell a story of a God who accomplishes “wonderful works” (v. 8), although the Israelites, His chosen people, have proved faithless. In the psalmist's assessment, acts of infidelity often seem to correspond to an eventual awe-inspiring work of mercy from the Lord.<ref name="Soundings in the Theology of Psalms" /> The psalm also includes several more specific themes which emphasize the general tone of praise and thanksgiving for the God of Israel.

===Directional theme===
In the introduction, the first section of Psalm 107, the Lord is said to gather “the redeemed ... from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south” (v. 2, 3). Following this, the next four sections address individuals who “wandered in desert wastes”, “sat in darkness and gloom”, “were sick through their sinful ways”, and “went down to the sea in ships” (v. 4, 10, 17, 23). Each of these locational descriptors corresponds to a cardinal direction as mentioned in the third verse of the psalm. The desert wastes mentioned in the second section of the psalm seem to indicate a “great, eastern desert” that might be beat down upon by the sun, which rises in the east.<ref name="The Four Corners of Psalm 107">{{cite journal|last=Jarick|first=John|title=The Four Corners of Psalm 107|journal=Catholic Biblical Quarterly|year=1997|volume=59|issue=2|pages=270–288}}</ref> Likewise, in the opposing, western direction, where the sun sets, the Israelites are said to sit “in darkness and gloom” (v. 10). The correlation depicted in this section between darkness and helplessness - apart from the aid of the Lord - harkens back to Old Testament descriptions of Abraham (Genesis 15:12).<ref name="The Four Corners of Psalm 107" /> Throughout early Hebrew history, north was thought to be the direction most associated with evil and iniquity, thus adding emphasis to the direction of north’s correspondence to the fourth stanza, beginning with “some were sick through their sinful ways, and because of their iniquities suffered affliction” (v. 17).<ref name="The Four Corners of Psalm 107" /> And finally, in the orientation of the region that Israel occupied at the time of Psalm 107, to the south lay the sea, directly paralleling the beginning of the fifth section, “some went down to the sea in ships” (v. 23).<ref name="The Four Corners of Psalm 107" />

==Message==
Psalm 107 is, above all, a hymn commemorating the power of God. Despite the transgressions of the Israelites, the Lord forgives them. The psalm elaborates on this theme, going on to say that the Lord “turns a desert into pools of water ... and there he lets the hungry dwell” (v. 35, 36). This description of miracles as performed by the Lord reinforces the imagery of “wonderful works” mentioned earlier in the psalm (v. 8). The works of the Lord, however, are mentioned in many psalms; what makes Psalm 107 somewhat unusual is its depiction of the works of the Lord as explication for the people. The psalm is a hymn of thanksgiving to the Lord “for the purpose of making [the Lord’s works] known to humankind, so that they too can join in the praise of [the Lord]”.<ref name="The Composition and Theology of the Fifth Book of Psalms, Psalms 107-145">{{cite journal|last=Zenger|first=Erich|title=The Composition and Theology of the Fifth Book of Psalms, Psalms 107-145|journal=Journal for the Study of the Old Testament|year=1998|issue=80|pages=77–102}}</ref> This concept seems to indicate that David has written a sort of circulatory hymn thanking the Lord for enabling the Israelites to thank the Lord. These concordant themes of enlightenment and gratitude reinforce each other throughout the psalm, and, indeed, throughout the rest of the fifth book of psalms, of which Psalm 107 is the opening hymn.

==Relevance in the New Testament==
As with much of the Old Testament, many Christians understand Psalm 107 to foreshadow an event recorded in the New Testament. A famous account of the life of Christ from chapter four of [[Mark's Gospel]] follows the fifth section of Psalm 107, which describes the plight and eventual rescue of those on the sea. In [[Mark the Evangelist|Mark]]'s biography of Jesus, while he and his disciples are on [[Sea of Galilee|Lake Galilee]] in a boat, a storm swells. Jesus [[Calming the storm|calms the storm]] by saying, “Peace! Be still!” ({{bibleverse|Mark|4:39|KJV}}). In the same way, Psalm 107 describes the Israelites at sea when a storm arises. The waves “mounted up to heaven, they went down to the depths”, (v. 26) and the Lord then “makes still” (v. 29) the storm. The language of both passages is similar, supporting the mirrored imagery and situation that the stories share.<ref name="Preaching Mark's Unsettling Messiah">{{cite book|last=Fleer|first=David|title=Preaching Mark's Unsettling Messiah|year=2006|publisher=Chalice|location=St. Louis|pages=121–128}}</ref> The divine being who calms the storm is also the same according to the Christian tradition: the Lord, whether Father, Son, or Holy Spirit, is one being. Verse 10 is quoted in [[Luke 1|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|1:53|KJV}}<ref name=kirkpatrick>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

==Significance in Tradition==
Psalm 107 forms the opening piece of the modern liturgy for [[Israel Independence Day]] found in [[Religious Zionism|Religious-Zionist]] Jewish prayer books.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hatanakh.com/node/37610 |title= A Psalm for Independence Day |last= Bin Nun |first= Rabbi Dr. Yoel |website= Herzog Academic College Bible Study}}</ref> It is also used within the [[Roman Catholic church|Roman Catholic faith]] as a part of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]]. In the Roman Catholic Mass, selections of Psalm 107 are read on various occasions throughout the year, with the most common occurrence being during the hymn between the first and second readings. It is often quoted at events involving the [[navy]] and [[seafarer]]s, such as the [[launch (ship)|launch]]ing of ships.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Psalm 107}}
{{Wikisource}}
* {{Bibleverse|Psalm|107|NIV}} at [[BibleGateway.com]]

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|107]]

Psalm 106

2021-03-05T04:45:14Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|105}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Psalm 106|previouslink= Psalm 105 |previousletter= Psalm 105 |nextlink= Psalm 107 |nextletter= Psalm 107 | book= [[Book of Psalms]] | biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 19 |hbiblepart= [[Ketuvim]] | hbooknum = 1 |category= [[Ketuvim|Sifrei Emet]] | filename= Psalm 105 Initial C.jpg |size=250px | name= Psalm 105 Initial C |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">[[Illuminated manuscript]] of Psalm 106:1-8 in the [[St. Albans Psalter]]. The first word of the Psalm in the [[Vulgate]] is "Confitemini."</div>}}
'''Psalm 106''' is the 106th [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 105''' in a slightly different numbering system.

==Text==
* The original text is written in [[Hebrew language]].

* [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This psalm is divided into]] 48 verses.

==Uses==
===Judaism===
*This psalm is recited on the second day of [[Passover]] in some traditions.<ref>The Artscroll Tehillim page 329</ref>
*Verse 2 is the final verse of [[Anim Zemirot]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 487</ref> It is recited by some Jews following [[Psalm 126]] before [[Birkat Hamazon]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 183</ref>
*Verse 45 is found in the [[Mussaf]] [[Amidah]] on [[Rosh Hashanah]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah page 461</ref>
*Verse 47 is the third verse of the long [[Tachanun]] recited on Mondays and Thursdays,<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 125</ref> and is part of [[Baruch Hashem L'Olam (Maariv)|Baruch Hashem L'Olam]] during [[Maariv]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 265</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
*Verse 10 is quoted in [[Luke 1|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|1:71|KJV}}<ref name=kirkpatrick>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | authorlink=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>
*Verse 45 is quoted in [[Luke 1|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|1:72|KJV}}<ref name=kirkpatrick/>
*Verse 48 is quoted in [[Luke 1|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|1:68|KJV}}<ref name=kirkpatrick/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Psalm 106}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|106|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|106|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource
* [https://www.academia.edu/10294822/The_Dual_Role_of_Historiography_in_Psalm_106_Justifying_the_Present_Distress_and_Demonstrating_the_Individual_s_Potential_Contribution Gili Kugler, The Dual Role of Historiography in Psalm 106]
{{Psalms}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Psalms|106]]

Psalm 105

2021-03-05T04:44:48Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|104}}
[[File:Psalms scroll.PNG|thumb|Scroll of the Psalms]]'''Psalm 105''' is the 105th [[psalm]] of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 104'''. Verses 1-15 are largely reproduced as {{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|16:8-22|NKJV}}.

==Parallel with 1 Chronicles 16==
There are two slight differences between the wording of verses 1-15 and the parallel passage in [[Books of Chronicles|1 Chronicles 16]]:
*Verse 6: ''O offspring of his servant [[Abraham]]'', reads ''O offspring of his servant Israel'' in 1 Chronicles 16:13
*Verse 8: ''He is mindful of his [[Covenant (biblical)|covenant]] for ever'' reads ''Remember his covenant for ever'' in 1 Chronicles 16:15.<ref>Texts from [[New Revised Standard Version]]</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
*Recited on the first day of [[Passover]].<ref>The Artscroll Tehillim page 329</ref>
*Verses 8-10 are part of the paragraph recited in the naming of a boy at a [[brit milah]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 213</ref>
*Verses 8 and 42 are found separately in the repetition of the [[Amidah]] on [[Rosh Hashanah]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah page 321</ref>

Psalm 105 is one of the ten Psalms of the [[Tikkun HaKlali]] of Rebbe [[Nachman of Breslov]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/psalms-as-prayer/|title=Psalms as the Ultimate Self-Help Tool|first=Rabbi Simkha Y.|last=Weintraub|year=2018|access-date=September 25, 2018|work=My Jewish Learning}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azamra.org/Essential/tenpsalms.htm|title=The Ten Psalms: English Translation|publisher=azamra.org|first=Rabbi Avraham|last=Greenbaum|year=2007|access-date=September 25, 2018}}</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
*Verses 8-9 are quoted in [[Luke 1|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|1:72-73|KJV}}.<ref>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[The Exodus]]
* [[Ipuwer Papyrus]]
* [[Passover]]
* [[Plagues of Egypt]]
* [[Sources and parallels of the Exodus]]
* [[Stations of the Exodus]]
* Related [[Bible]] passages: [[Va'eira]], [[Bo (parsha)]], and [[Beshalach]]: [[parsha|Torah portions (''parashot'')]] telling the Exodus story; [[Psalm 78]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat|Psalm 105}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|105|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|105|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|105]]

Psalm 104

2021-03-05T04:44:21Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|103}}
[[File:Psalms scroll.PNG|thumb|Scroll of the Psalms]]
[[File:Fronhofen Pfarrkirche Fenster Constituit eum Dominum.jpg|thumb|right|Psalm 104 in Fronhofen Parish window.]]
[[File:West Window, Hook Church - geograph.org.uk - 685266.jpg|thumb|right|Ps104:24 in West Window, Hook Church]]

'''Psalm 104''' is the 104th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]] of the [[Hebrew Bible]].<ref>Eckhard von Nordheim, Die Selbstbehauptung Israels in der Welt des Alten Orients: religionsgeschichtlicher Vergleich anhand von Gen 15/22/28, dem Aufenthalt Israels in Ägypten, 2 Sam 7, 1 Kön 19 und Psalm 104, Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht Göttingen, 1992,</ref> In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 103''' in a slightly different numbering system.

==Content==
One of the longer psalms, Psalm 104 is traditionally divided into 35 verses.<ref>Hermann Gunkel, Die Psalmen (1986), 442f.</ref> It begins by describing the [[glory of God]] ("Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment" v. 2).
:Verse 5 asserts that God has "laid the foundations [מכון] of the Earth".
:Verses 6 to 13 concern the ordering of the waters, verses 14-18 vegetation and animal life, and verses 19-24 the [[Sun]] and the [[Moon]], and the cycle of day and night.
:Verse 24 summarises: "O LORD, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches." (KJV)
:Verse 26 mentions the [[Leviathan]] (sea monster).
:Verses 27-30 emphasise how all creatures still depend on the ongoing attention and provision of the creator, and perish should he avert his attention.
:Verse 30 reads "Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are created: and thou renewest the face of the earth." (KJV)
:The concluding verses (31-35) reiterate the power and glory of YHWH, and the composer expresses his adoration, and, in the final verse, his wish that the sinners (חטא) and wicked (רשע) be "consumed out of the earth".

In the Masoretic text, the phrase [[Hallelujah]] is placed at the end of the final verse. This is lacking in the [[Septuagint]] and the [[Vulgate]], but it is rendered by the KJV as "Praise ye the LORD".

The subject matter and its presentation are closely related both to the first [[Genesis creation narrative]] (Genesis 1, chronologically younger than the second version in Genesis 2) where likewise the waters are separated before the creation of Sun and Moon, and to older accounts of creation from the [[Ancient Near East]], both Mesopotamian and Egyptian. In particular, the Egyptian [[Great Hymn to the Aten]] (14th century BC) is frequently cited as a predecessor.<ref>See e.g. James B. Pritchard, "The Ancient Near East, An anthology of Texts and Pictures", Princeton University Press, 1958, p. 227. Eckhard von Nordheim, ''Die Selbstbehauptung Israels in der Welt des Alten Orients'' (1992), p. 155.</ref><ref>vgl. das Kapitel Der Große Hymnus des Echnaton und Psalm 104 in Eckhard von Nordheim, Die Selbstbehauptung Israels in der Welt des Alten Orients (1992), 155.</ref> Biblical scholar [[Mark S. Smith]] has commented that "Despite enduring support for the comparison of the two texts, enthusiasm for even indirect influence has been tempered in recent decades. In some quarters, the argument for any form of influence is simply rejected outright. Still some Egyptologists, such as [[Jan Assmann]] and [[Donald Redford]], argue for Egyptian influence on both the [[Amarna letters|Amarna correspondence]] (especially in EA 147) and on Psalm 104."<ref name="Smith">{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Mark S.|title=God in Translation: Deities in Cross-Cultural Discourse in the Biblical World|date=2010|publisher=William B Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0802864338|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvWlC0kUlkYC&q=great+hymn+to+the+aten+psalm+104&pg=PA70|access-date=8 July 2017}}</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
*[[Orthodox Judaism|Observant Jews]] recite Psalm 104 in its entirety every day during [[Shacharit|morning services]], and on certain occasions, such as the New Moon ([[Rosh Chodesh]]), though customs vary.<ref>Daily Prayer Book, Philip Birnbaum, 1949, p. 465</ref>
*Is recited following the Shabbat [[Mincha]] between [[Sukkot]] and [[Shabbat Hagadol]].<ref>Scherman (1985:530)</ref>
*Verses 1-2 are recited upon donning the [[tallit]] during [[Shacharit|morning services]].<ref>Scherman (1985:2)</ref>
*Verse 24 is part of [[Hameir La'aretz]] in the [[Blessings of the Shema (Shacharit)|Blessings before the Shema]] during [[Shacharit]]<ref>Scherman (1985:87)</ref> and is found in [[Pirkei Avot]] Chapter 6, no. 10.<ref>Scherman (1985:587)</ref>
*Verse 31 is the first verse of [[Yehi Kivod]] in [[Pesukei Dezimra]],<ref>Scherman (1985:64)</ref> is part of [[Baruch Hashem L'Olam (Maariv)|Baruch Hashem L'Olam]] during [[Maariv]],<ref>Scherman (1985:265)</ref> and is recited when opening the [[Hakafah|Hakafot]] on [[Simchat Torah]].<ref>Scherman (1985:759)</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
*Verse 4 is quoted in [[Hebrews 1:7]]<ref>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

===Eastern Orthodox===
Its main liturgical usage in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] is at the beginning of [[vespers]] (evening prayers) and the [[all-night vigil]]. While it is technically one of the elements of the vespers service prescribed for the senior reader (that is, the elder or abbot of a monastery, or in a parish the seniormost reader at the kliros), it is customarily read or [[chant]]ed by a reader after the opening prayers of the service.

The psalm is meant to be read or chanted in a plain style at services of vespers which are not part of a vigil. When vespers is served as part of a vigil, an abbreviated musical version is usually sung by the choir. Several such musical arrangements of the psalm have been composed over the years; perhaps the most familiar is that found in the [[Obikhod]], or common setting.

In the context of its vespers/vigil setting, this psalm is understood to be a hymn of creation, in all the fulness wherein God has created it - it speaks of animals, plants, waters, skies, etc. In the scope of the liturgical act, it is often taken to be [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]]'s song, sung outside the closed gates of [[Garden of Eden|Eden]] from which he has been expelled (cf. Genesis 3). While the reader chants the psalm, the priest stands outside the closed [[Royal Doors]] wearing only his [[epitrachilion]], making this symbolism more evident.

===Roman Catholic Church===
This psalm is used during the [[Easter Vigil]] on [[Holy Saturday]] night (the Vigil being the inauguration of the fifty-day Easter season, the end of [[Holy Week]]- and by extension [[Lent]]- and the ending of the three-day [[Easter Triduum]] of [[Holy Thursday]], [[Good Friday]], and Easter). In the Liturgy of the Word, the first reading is the [[Creation story]] of the [[Book of Genesis]], and Psalm 104, which deals with the same material, is the [[responsorial psalm]]. It is used again during Pentecost, at the end of the Easter season, as the responsorial psalm for the Vigil and the Sunday Mass.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usccb.org/bible/readings/051913.cfm|title=Pentecost Sunday|work=usccb.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://usccb.org/bible/readings/033013.cfm |title=Holy Saturday – Vigil in the Holy Night of Easter |publisher=Usccb.org |access-date=2014-02-08}}</ref>

===Popular culture===
German philosopher [[Johann Gottfried Herder]] remarked, "It is worth studying the Hebrew language for ten years in order to read Psalm 104 in the original".<ref name="Jewish Quotations">{{cite book |last1=Baron |first1=Joseph L. |title=A Treasury of Jewish Quotations |date=June 1, 1996 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=1568219482 |pages=176 |edition=Revised, Subsequent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iex6W3SkxT4C&q=%22It+is+worth+studying+the+Hebrew+language+for+ten+years+in+order+to+read+Psalm+104+in+the+original%22&pg=PA176 |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref>

Musician [[Bob Marley]] believed that [[cannabis]] use was prevalent in the Bible, reading passages such as the 14th verse of Psalm 104 as showing approval of its usage.<ref name="Bob Marley: Musician">{{cite book|title=Bob Marley: Musician|authors=Sherry Paprocki, Sean Dolan|page=51}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Creation myth]]
* [[Genesis 1:3]]
* [[Moses and Monotheism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*[[Nosson Scherman]], ''[[The Complete Artscroll Siddur]]'', Artscroll Mesorah Series (1985).
*[[Hermann Gunkel]], ''Die Psalmen'' (1925, 6th ed. 1986), pp. 447ff.; English translation T. M. Horner, ''The Psalms: a form-critical introduction'' (1926, reprint 1967).

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
{{Wikisource|Bible, King James, Psalms#Chapter 104|Psalm 104}}
*[http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=16325 Tehillim - Psalm 104 (Judaica Press)] translation with [[Rashi]]'s commentary at [[Chabad.org]]
*[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26a4.htm Psalms 104 at Mechon-Mamre] Hebrew/English Bible.

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|104]]
[[Category:Religious cosmologies]]

Psalm 103

2021-03-05T04:43:55Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|102}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 103 "Bless the {{Lord}}, O my soul"
| type = [[Psalms#Primary types|Hymn psalm]]
| image = Psalm 103; a watermill - Luttrell Psalter (c.1325-1335), f.181 - BL Add MS 42130.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Psalm 103 in Luttrell Psalter c. 1325–1335
| language = Hebrew (original)
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 102 (Vulgate)
* "Benedic anima mea Domino"
}}
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 103''' is the 103rd [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "Bless the {{Lord}}, O my soul". The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], and a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 102''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "'''Benedic anima mea Domino'''".<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps102.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 102 (103] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps102.htm |date=2017-05-07 }} medievalist.net</ref> The psalm is a [[Psalms#Primary types|hymn psalm]].{{sfn|Pankhurst|2018}}

The first verse attributes the psalm to King [[David]]. The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant liturgies. The psalm has been paraphrased in [[hymn]]s, and has often been set to music.

==Background and themes==
Baptist preacher and biblical commentator [[Charles Spurgeon]] suggests that the psalm was written in David's later life, as seen by the psalmist's focus on the frailty of life and his "higher sense of the preciousness of pardon, because a keener sense of sin".<ref name=spurgeon>{{cite web |url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=103|title=Psalm 103 Bible Commentary|first=Charles|last=Spurgeon|author-link=Charles Spurgeon|publisher=Christianity.com|year=2020|access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref> Spurgeon divides the psalm into three sections:
* Verses 1–5: The Psalmist's personal experience of God's compassion;
* Verses 6–19: The attributes of God as seen in his interactions with his people;
* Verses 20–22: The Psalmist's call to all creatures to join him in blessing God.<ref name=spurgeon/>

Lutheran minister [[Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg]] notes that the number of verses in the psalm parallels the 22 letters of the [[Hebrew alphabet]], and that the concluding words repeat the opening words, "finishing" and "rounding off" the psalm into a complete whole.<ref name=spurgeon/> [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Nonconformist]] minister [[Matthew Henry]] also notes this circular form, stating: "Blessing God and giving him glory must be the alpha and the omega of all our services".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/psalms/103.html|title=Psalms 103|first=Matthew|last=Henry|author-link=Matthew Henry|publisher=Bible Study Tools|year=2020|access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref>

The [[Midrash Tehillim]] offers several explanations of the first verse, among them:
<blockquote>Rabbi Levi said in the name of Rabbi Hama: A sculptor makes a statue; the sculptor dies, but his sculpture endures. It is not thus with the Holy One, blessed be He. The Holy One made man, and man dies, but the Holy One lives and endures. … Another comment: A sculptor makes a statue, but cannot make a soul or vital organs. But the Holy One made a statue, man, and within him made a soul and vital organs. Therefore, David offered praise, "Bless the {{Lord}}, O my soul; and all that is within me, bless His holy name".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.matsati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Midrash-Tehillim-Psalms-103.pdf|title=Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 103|publisher=matsati.com|date=October 2012|access-date=February 22, 2020}} password: www.matsati.com</ref></blockquote>

The opening words, "Bless the {{Lord}}, O my soul", appear again at the beginning of [[Psalm 104]], reinforcing the thematic connection between these psalms. But [[Patrick D. Miller]] also sees Psalm 103 as a logical extension of [[Psalm 102]], pointing out that "one may see [Psalm] 102 as opening issues and questions to which [Psalm] 103 offers the solution or answer". For example, in Psalm 102 the psalmist blames his illness and pain on God's "indignation and anger" (verse 10), while Psalm 103 makes it clear that divine anger is not the final word, nor will it last forever.{{sfn|Miller|2013|p=83}}

==Text==
===Hebrew Bible version===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | לְדָוִ֨ד בָּֽרְכִ֣י נַ֖פְשִׁי אֶת־יְהֹוָ֑ה וְכָל־קְ֜רָבַ֗י אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשֽׁוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | בָּֽרְכִ֣י נַ֖פְשִׁי אֶת־יְהֹוָ֑ה וְאַל־תִּ֜שְׁכְּחִ֗י כָּל־גְּמוּלָֽיו
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | הַסֹּלֵ֥חַ לְכָל־עֲו‍ֹנֵ֑כִי הָ֜רֹֽפֵ֗א לְכָל־תַּֽחֲלוּאָֽיְכִי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" |הַגּוֹאֵ֣ל מִשַּׁ֣חַת חַיָּ֑יְכִי הַֽ֜מְעַטְּרֵ֗כִי חֶ֣סֶד וְרַֽחֲמִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | הַמַּשְׂבִּ֣יַע בַּטּ֣וֹב עֶדְיֵ֑ךְ תִּתְחַדֵּ֖שׁ כַּנֶּ֣שֶׁר נְעוּרָֽיְכִי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | עֹשֵׂ֣ה צְדָק֣וֹת יְהֹוָ֑ה וּ֜מִשְׁפָּטִ֗ים לְכָל־עֲשׁוּקִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | יוֹדִ֣יעַ דְּרָכָ֣יו לְמֹשֶׁ֑ה לִבְנֵ֥י יִ֜שְׂרָאֵ֗ל עֲלִֽילוֹתָיו
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | רַח֣וּם וְחַנּ֣וּן יְהֹוָ֑ה אֶ֖רֶךְ אַפַּ֣יִם וְרַב־חָֽסֶד
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | לֹֽא־לָנֶ֥צַח יָרִ֑יב וְלֹ֖א לְעוֹלָ֣ם יִטּֽוֹר
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" | לֹ֣א כַֽ֖חֲטָאֵינוּ עָ֣שָׂה לָ֑נוּ וְלֹ֥א כַֽ֜עֲו‍ֹנֹתֵ֗ינוּ גָּ֘מַ֥ל עָלֵֽינוּ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֚י כִגְבֹ֣הַּ שָׁ֖מַיִם עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ גָּ֘בַ֥ר חַ֜סְדּ֗וֹ עַל־יְרֵאָֽיו
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | כִּרְחֹ֣ק מִ֖זְרָח מִֽמַּֽעֲרָ֑ב הִרְחִ֥יק מִ֜מֶּ֗נּוּ אֶת־פְּשָׁעֵֽינוּ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | כְּרַחֵ֣ם אָ֖ב עַל־בָּנִ֑ים רִ֘חַ֥ם יְ֜הֹוָ֗ה עַל־יְרֵאָֽיו
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֣י ה֖וּא יָדַ֣ע יִצְרֵ֑נוּ זָ֜כ֗וּר כִּֽי־עָ֘פָ֥ר אֲנָֽחְנוּ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 15
| style="text-align:right" | אֱנוֹשׁ כֶּֽחָצִ֣יר יָמָ֑יו כְּצִ֥יץ הַ֜שָּׂדֶ֗ה כֵּ֣ן יָצִֽיץ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 16
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֚י ר֣וּחַ עָֽבְרָה־בּ֣וֹ וְאֵינֶ֑נּוּ וְלֹֽא־יַכִּירֶ֖נּוּ ע֣וֹד מְקוֹמֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 17
| style="text-align:right" | וְחֶ֚סֶד יְהֹוָ֨ה מֵֽעוֹלָ֣ם וְעַד־עוֹלָם עַל־יְרֵאָ֑יו וְ֜צִדְקָת֗וֹ לִבְנֵ֥י בָנִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 18
| style="text-align:right" | לְשֹֽׁמְרֵ֥י בְרִית֑וֹ וּלְזֹֽכְרֵ֥י פִ֜קֻּדָ֗יו לַֽעֲשׂוֹתָֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | יְֽהוָ֗ה בַּ֖שָּׁמַיִם הֵכִ֣ין כִּסְא֑וֹ וּ֜מַלְכוּת֗וֹ בַּכֹּ֥ל מָשָֽׁלָה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 20
| style="text-align:right" | בָּֽרְכ֥וּ יְהֹוָ֗ה מַלְאָ֫כָ֥יו גִּבֹּ֣רֵי כֹחַ עֹשֵׂ֣י דְבָר֑וֹ לִ֜שְׁמֹ֗עַ בְּק֣וֹל דְּבָרֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 21
| style="text-align:right" | בָּֽרְכ֣וּ יְ֖הֹוָה כָּל־צְבָאָ֑יו מְ֜שָׁרְתָ֗יו עֹ֘שֵׂ֥י רְצוֹנֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 22
| style="text-align:right" | בָּֽ֘רְכ֚וּ יְהֹוָ֨ה כָּל־מַֽעֲשָׂ֗יו בְּכָל־מְקֹמ֥וֹת מֶמְשַׁלְתּ֑וֹ בָּֽ֘רְכִ֥י נַ֜פְשִׁ֗י אֶת־יְהֹוָֽה
|-
|}

===King James Version===
# Bless the {{Lord}}, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless his holy name.
# Bless the {{Lord}}, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits:
# Who forgiveth all thine iniquities; who healeth all thy diseases;
# Who redeemeth thy life from destruction; who crowneth thee with lovingkindness and tender mercies;
# Who satisfieth thy mouth with good things; so that thy youth is renewed like the eagle's.
# The {{Lord}} executeth righteousness and judgment for all that are oppressed.
# He made known his ways unto Moses, his acts unto the children of Israel.
# The {{Lord}} is merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and plenteous in mercy.
# He will not always chide: neither will he keep his anger for ever.
# He hath not dealt with us after our sins; nor rewarded us according to our iniquities.
# For as the heaven is high above the earth, so great is his mercy toward them that fear him.
# As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us.
# Like as a father pitieth his children, so the {{Lord}} pitieth them that fear him.
# For he knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we are dust.
# As for man, his days are as grass: as a flower of the field, so he flourisheth.
# For the wind passeth over it, and it is gone; and the place thereof shall know it no more.
# But the mercy of the {{Lord}} is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that fear him, and his righteousness unto children's children;
# To such as keep his covenant, and to those that remember his commandments to do them.
# The {{Lord}} hath prepared his throne in the heavens; and his kingdom ruleth over all.
# Bless the {{Lord}}, ye his angels, that excel in strength, that do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word.
# Bless ye the {{Lord}}, all ye his hosts; ye ministers of his, that do his pleasure.
# Bless the {{Lord}}, all his works in all places of his dominion: bless the {{Lord}}, O my soul.

===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).<ref>*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]] |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | pages=35-37 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
</ref>

The extant [[palimpsest]] [[AqTaylor|Aq{{sup|Taylor}}]] includes a translation into [[Koine Greek]] by [[Aquila of Sinope]] in c. 130 CE, containing verses 1–13.<ref>*{{cite book|title=The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i|first1=Emil|last1=Schürer|first2=Geza|last2=Vermes|first3=Fergus|last3=Millar|publisher=A&C Black|year=2014|isbn=9780567604521|page=497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJxaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA497}}</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Verse 1 is the final verse of [[Nishmat]].{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=402}}

Verses 2, 10, and 13 are recited during [[Selichot]].<ref name=shim>{{cite web |url=https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=45}}</ref>

Verses 10, 13, and 14 are part of the [[Tachanun]] prayer.<ref name=shim/> Verse 14 is also recited during a [[Bereavement in Judaism|burial service]].<ref name=shim/>

Verse 17 is recited during the blessings before the [[Shema]] on the second day of [[Rosh Hashanah]].{{sfn|Scherman|1985|p=272}}

Verse 19 is part of the [[Yehi kevod]] prayer recited during [[Pesukei Dezimra]].{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=66}}<ref name=shim/>

===New Testament===
Verse 17 is quoted in Mary's song of praise, the [[Magnificat]], in [[Luke 1|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|1:50|KJV}}.<ref>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC–CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

===Catholic Church===
[[File:Natpis na nouvom krizi.JPG|thumb|right|Verse 3 of the psalm on a cross in the village of [[Kétvölgy]], Hungary]]
In the [[Western church]], this psalm was traditionally performed during the celebration of [[Matins]] of Saturday by the order of St. [[Benedict of Nursia|Benedict]], probably since its founding to 530.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abbaye-montdescats.fr/?page_id=1887|title=La distribution des Psaumes dans la Règle de Saint Benoît - Mont de Cats|website=www.abbaye-montdescats.fr}}</ref>

In the [[Liturgy of the Hours]], Psalm 103 is sung or recited during the Office of Sunday readings, second week. It is also used for Mass readings: it is the psalm read at the Mass of the [[Sacred Heart]] in Year A of the three-yearly cycle. In ordinary time, we find the 7th and the 24th Sunday of the year A and the eighth Sunday of the year B. In [[Lent]], it is played the 3rd and 7th Sunday. Finally, it is the 7th Psalm on Easter Sunday.

===Orthodox Church===
In the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] this psalm is one of the six psalms of [[Orthros]] (Matins) read every morning outside of [[Bright Week]]. It is also the first of the "Typical Psalms" of the [[Typica]], which is read in place of the [[Divine Liturgy]] when the latter is not celebrated on days it is permitted to be. It is frequently sung as the first antiphon of the Divine Liturgy, but there it is often replaced by another antiphon on great feasts and on many weekdays, and is always thus replaced in Greek practice (except on [[Mount Athos]]).<ref>{{cite web|last=Krivoshein|first=Basil|title=Some differences between Greek and Russian divine services and their significance|url=http://www.holy-trinity.org/liturgics/krivoshein-greekandrussian.html|access-date=4 July 2013}}</ref>

===Protestant===
R. J. Thesman finds in this psalm a declaration that God ''never betrays us, never abandons us, and never forgets ..... His mercy covers our mistakes and our human tendencies'',<ref>R. J. Thesman, [http://www.christianitytoday.com/biblestudies/articles/bibleinsights/meditation.html A Meditation on Psalm 103].</ref> while [[Thomas Coke (bishop)|Thomas Coke]], calls it ''an exquisite performance, very applicable to every deliverance: it may properly be said to describe the wonders of grace''.<ref>Coke, Thomas, [http://www.studylight.org/commentary/psalms/103-1.html Thomas Coke Commentary on the Holy Bible: Psalms 103], accessed 21 January 2021</ref> This Psalm is one continued hymn of praise, and includes a comprehensive view of the goodness of Jehovah, in all the great works of creation and redemption<ref>Hawker, Robert, D.D. "Commentary on Psalms 103:1". "[http://www.studylight.org/commentary/psalms/103-1.html Hawker's Poor Man's Commentary]".</ref> while Barnes called it ''exceedingly regular in its structure and composition; beautiful in its language and conceptions; adapted to all times and ages; suited to express the feelings of gratitude to God for deliverance from trouble, and for the manifestation of his mercy; suited to elevate the soul, and to fill it with cheerful views.''<ref>Albert Barnes, [http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/barnes/psa103.htm Notes on the Bible], (1834)</ref>

The Old Testament scholar Bernhard Duhm considers the Psalm a "compilation of all sorts of beautiful sentences from a fairly extensive reading".<ref>Bernhard Duhm, Psalmen (1922), p. 371</ref>

===Musical settings===
Psalm 103 is the basis of several [[hymn]]s. A paraphrase of Psalm 103 in German is "[[Nun lob, mein Seel, den Herren]]", written by Johann Gramann in 1525, which was translated by [[Catherine Winkworth]] as "My Soul, now Praise thy Maker!" and published in 1863. English hymns include "[[Praise, my soul, the King of Heaven]]", written in the nineteenth century by [[Henry Francis Lyte]], and "Sing to the Lord and praise him".

In the 16th century, [[Claudin de Sermisy]] set the psalm. In the 17th century, [[Henri Dumont|Henry Dumont]] set this psalm for La Chapelle Royale au Louvre (1666).

In contemporary music, the song "Bless the Lord" in the musical ''[[Godspell]]'' is based on this psalm. "[[10,000 Reasons (Bless the Lord)]]" by [[Matt Redman]] and [[Jonas Myrin]] takes lyrics from this psalm,<ref>{{cite web |title=10,000 Reasons |url=https://wordtoworship.com/song/3269 |website=Word to Worship |access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref> as does "The Lord is Gracious and Compassionate" by [[Vineyard Worship]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ITHUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|title=The Lord of the Psalms|first=Patrick D.|last=Miller|author-link=Patrick D. Miller|year=2013|publisher= Westminster John Knox Press|isbn= 978-0664239275}}
* {{cite web| last = Pankhurst| first = Jennifer| url = https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-conventions-of-biblical-poetry/| title = The Conventions of Biblical Poetry| website = myjewishlearning.com| year = 2018| access-date = 3 April 2018}}
* {{cite book|title=The Complete Artscroll Machzor – Rosh Hashanah|first=Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman|author-link=Nosson Scherman|year=1985|edition=1st|publisher=Mesorah Publications Ltd.|isbn=978-0-89906-676-9}}
* {{cite book|title=The Complete Artscroll Siddur|first=Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman|year=2003|publisher=[[Artscroll|Mesorah Publications, Ltd.]]|isbn=978-0899066509|edition=3rd}}

== External links ==
{{Wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 103|Psalm 103}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 103|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 103}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 103}}
* Text of Psalm 103 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm103.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26a3.htm Psalms Chapter 103] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/103 Bless the LORD, my soul; all my being, bless his holy name!] United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-103-1.html Psalm 103:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-103/ Psalm 103 – Help Quickly, O Lord] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-103 Psalm 103 / Refrain: Come to me quickly, O God.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20103 Psalm 103] at biblegateway.com
* [http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=16324 Tehillim – Psalm 103 (Judaica Press)] translation with [[Rashi]]'s commentary at [[Chabad.org]]

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|103]]
[[Category:Works attributed to David]]

Psalm 102

2021-03-05T04:43:09Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|101}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 102
| subtitle = "Hear my prayer, O LORD"
| type = Penitentary psalm
| image = Psalm 102 (101) Initium.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Beginning of the psalm in the [[Ramsey Psalter]], with illuminated initial
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 101
* "Domine exaudi orationem meam"
}}
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 102''' is the 102nd [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "Hear my prayer, O LORD, and let my cry come unto thee." In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 101''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "'''Domine exaudi orationem meam'''".<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps101.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 101 (102] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps83.htm |date=2017-05-07 }} medievalist.net</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Comparison of Enumeration of the Psalms in the Book of Divine Worship and in the Vulgate |url=http://www.bookofhours.org/psalms/tool_150_comparison.htm |website=The Daily Office of the Catholic Church According to the Anglican Use |access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref>

This psalm is part of the fourth of the five biblical [[Book of Psalms|books of Psalms]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bible Commentary / Produced by TOW Project |url=https://www.theologyofwork.org/old-testament/psalms-and-work/book-4-psalms-90106 |website=Theology of Work |access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> and is one of the seven [[Penitential Psalms|penitential psalms]]. It begins the final section of the three traditional divisions of the Latin psalms, and for this reason the first words ("Domine exaudi orationem meam et clamor meus ad te veniat...") and above all the initial "D" are often greatly enlarged in [[illuminated manuscript]] [[psalter]]s, following the pattern of the [[Beatus initial]]s at the start of [[Psalm 1]].<ref>Calkins, Robert G. ''Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages'', p. 208, 1983, Cornell University Press, {{ISBN|0500233756}}</ref> In the original Hebrew, the first verse introduces the psalm as "A prayer of the poor man" or "A prayer of the afflicted".

==Background and themes==
[[File:PsalterBLStowe2Folio111vInitialD.jpg|thumb|160px|[[Stowe Psalter]], f.2]]
[[Midrash Tehillim]] quotes Rabbi Pinchas, who notes that in some psalms David calls himself by name, as in "A prayer of David" (e.g. [[Psalm 17]] and [[Psalm 86|86]]), but here he calls himself "the afflicted", as in "A prayer of the afflicted". Rabbi Pinchas explains that when David foresaw the righteous men who would descend from him—[[Asa of Judah|Asa]], [[Jehoshaphat]], [[Hezekiah]], [[Isaiah]]—he called himself David. But when he perceived the wicked men who would be his descendants—[[Ahaz]], [[Manasseh of Judah|Manasseh]], [[Amon of Judah|Amon]]—he called himself "the afflicted".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.matsati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Midrash-Tehillim-Psalms-102.pdf|title=Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 102|access-date=November 13, 2018|publisher=matsati.com}}</ref>

== Text ==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text and an English translation of Psalm 102:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16323/jewish/Chapter-102.htm|title=Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 102|publisher=[[Chabad|Chabad.org]]|year=2018|access-date=November 12, 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
! English
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | תְּפִלָּה לְעָנִ֣י כִי־יַֽעֲטֹ֑ף וְלִפְנֵ֥י יְ֜הֹוָ֗ה יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ שִׂיחֽוֹ
| A prayer for a poor man when he enwraps himself and pours out his speech before the Lord.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | יְהֹוָה שִׁמְעָ֣ה תְפִלָּתִ֑י וְ֜שַׁוְעָתִ֗י אֵלֶ֥יךָ תָבֽוֹא
| O Lord, hearken to my prayer, and may my cry come to You.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | אַל־תַּסְתֵּ֬ר פָּנֶ֨יךָ | מִמֶּנִּי֘ בְּי֪וֹם צַ֫ר לִ֥י הַטֵּֽה־אֵלַ֥י אָזְנֶ֑ךָ בְּי֥וֹם אֶ֜קְרָ֗א מַהֵ֥ר עֲנֵֽנִי
| Do not hide Your countenance from me; on the day of my distress extend Your ear to me; on the day I call, answer me quickly.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" |כִּי־כָל֣וּ בְעָשָׁ֣ן יָמָ֑י וְ֜עַצְמוֹתַ֗י כְּמוֹקֵ֥ד נִחָֽרוּ
| For my days have ended in smoke, and as a hearth my bones are dried up.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | הוּכָּֽה כָ֖עֵשֶׂב וַיִּבַ֣שׁ לִבִּ֑י כִּ֥י שָׁ֜כַ֗חְתִּי מֵֽאֲכֹ֥ל לַחְמִֽי
| Beaten like grass and withered is my heart, for I have forgotten to eat my bread.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | מִקּ֥וֹל אַנְחָתִ֑י דָּֽבְקָ֥ה עַ֜צְמִ֗י לִבְשָׂרִֽי
| From the sound of my sigh my bones clung to my flesh.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | דָּמִיתִי לִקְאַ֣ת מִדְבָּ֑ר הָ֜יִ֗יתִי כְּכ֣וֹס חֳרָבֽוֹת
| I was like a bird of the wilderness; I was like an owl of the wasteland.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | שָׁקַ֥דְתִּי וָֽאֶהְיֶ֑ה כְּ֜צִפּ֗וֹר בּוֹדֵ֥ד עַל־גָּֽג
| I pondered, and I am like a lonely bird on a roof.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | כָּל־הַ֖יּוֹם חֵֽרְפ֣וּנִי אֽוֹיְבָ֑י מְ֜הֽוֹלָלַ֗י בִּ֣י נִשְׁבָּֽעוּ
| All day long my enemies revile me; those who scorn me swear by me.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" | כִּי־אֵ֖פֶר כַּלֶּ֣חֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי וְ֜שִׁקֻּוַ֗י בִּבְכִ֥י מָסָֽכְתִּי
| For ashes I ate like bread, and my drinks I mixed with weeping.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | מִפְּנֵי־זַֽעַמְךָ֥ וְקִצְפֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י נְ֜שָׂאתַ֗נִי וַתַּשְׁלִיכֵֽנִי
| Because of Your fury and Your anger, for You picked me up and cast me down.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | יָמַי כְּצֵ֣ל נָט֑וּי וַֽ֜אֲנִ֗י כָּעֵ֥שֶׂב אִיבָֽשׁ
| My days are like a lengthening shadow, and I dry out like grass.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֖הֹוָה לְעוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב וְ֜זִכְרְךָ֗ לְדֹ֣ר וָדֹֽר
| But You, O Lord, will be enthroned forever, and Your mention is to all generations.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| style="text-align:right" | אַתָּ֣ה תָ֖קוּם תְּרַחֵ֣ם צִיּ֑וֹן כִּי־עֵ֥ת לְ֜חֶנְנָ֗הּ כִּי־בָ֥א מוֹעֵֽד
| You will rise, You will have mercy on Zion for there is a time to favor it, for the appointed season has arrived.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 15
| style="text-align:right" | כִּֽי־רָצ֣וּ עֲ֖בָדֶיךָ אֶת־אֲבָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֶת־עֲפָרָ֥הּ יְחֹנֵֽנוּ
| For Your servants desired its stones and favored its dust.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 16
| style="text-align:right" | וְיִֽירְא֣וּ ג֖וֹיִם אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם יְהֹוָ֑ה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָ֜אָ֗רֶץ אֶת־כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ
| And the nations will fear the name of the Lord, and all the kings of the earth Your glory.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 17
| style="text-align:right" | כִּֽי־בָנָ֣ה יְהֹוָ֣ה צִיּ֑וֹן נִ֜רְאָ֗ה בִּכְבוֹדֽוֹ
| For the Lord has built up Zion; He has appeared in His glory.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 18
| style="text-align:right" | פָּנָה אֶל־תְּפִלַּ֣ת הָֽעַרְעָ֑ר וְלֹֽא־בָ֜זָ֗ה אֶת־תְּפִלָּתָֽם
| He has turned to the prayer of those who cried out, and He did not despise their prayer.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | תִּכָּ֣תֶב זֹ֖את לְד֣וֹר אַֽחֲר֑וֹן וְעַ֥ם נִ֜בְרָ֗א יְהַלֶּל־יָֽהּ
| Let this be inscribed for the latest generation, and a [newly] created people will praise Yah.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 20
| style="text-align:right" | כִּֽי־הִ֖שְׁקִיף מִמְּר֣וֹם קָדְשׁ֑וֹ יְ֜הֹוָ֗ה מִשָּׁמַ֚יִם | אֶל־אֶ֬רֶץ הִבִּֽיט
| For He has looked down from His holy height; the Lord looked from heaven to earth,
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 21
| style="text-align:right" | לִשְׁמֹעַ אֶנְקַ֣ת אָסִ֑יר לְ֜פַתֵּ֗חַ בְּנֵ֣י תְמוּתָֽה
| To hear the cry of the prisoner, to loose the sons of the dying nation;
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 22
| style="text-align:right" | לְסַפֵּ֣ר בְּ֖צִיּוֹן שֵׁ֣ם יְהֹוָ֑ה וּ֜תְהִלָּת֗וֹ בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָֽם
| To proclaim in Zion the name of the Lord and His praise in Jerusalem.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 23
| style="text-align:right" | בְּהִקָּבֵ֣ץ עַמִּ֣ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וּ֜מַמְלָכ֗וֹת לַֽעֲבֹ֥ד אֶת־יְהֹוָֽה
| When peoples gather together, and kingdoms, to serve the Lord.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 24
| style="text-align:right" | עִנָּ֖ה בַדֶּ֥רֶךְ כֹּחִ֗י (כתיב כֹּחִ֗ו) קִצַּ֥ר יָמָֽי
| He has afflicted my strength on the way; He has shortened my days.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 25
| style="text-align:right" | אֹמַ֗ר אֵלִ֗י אַל־תַּֽ֖עֲלֵנִי בַּֽחֲצִ֣י יָמָ֑י בְּד֖וֹר דּוֹרִ֣ים שְׁנוֹתֶֽיךָ
| I say, "My God, do not take me away in the middle of my days, You Whose years endure throughout all generations.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 26
| style="text-align:right" | לְפָנִים הָאָ֣רֶץ יָסַ֑דְתָּ וּמַֽעֲשֵׂ֖ה יָדֶ֣יךָ שָׁמָֽיִם
| In the beginning You founded the earth, and the heavens are the work of Your hands.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 27
| style="text-align:right" | הֵ֚מָּה | יֹאבֵ֗דוּ וְאַתָּ֪ה תַֽ֫עֲמֹ֥ד וְ֖כֻלָּם כַּבֶּ֣גֶד יִבְל֑וּ כַּלְּב֖וּשׁ תַּֽחֲלִיפֵ֣ם וְיַֽחֲלֹֽפוּ
| They will perish but You will endure, and all of them will rot away like a garment; like raiment You will turn them over and they will pass away.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | וְאַתָּה־ה֑וּא וּ֜שְׁנוֹתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א יִתָּֽמּוּ
| But You are He, and Your years will not end.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | בְּנֵֽי־עֲבָדֶ֥יךָ יִשְׁכֹּ֑נוּ וְ֜זַרְעָ֗ם לְפָנֶ֣יךָ יִכּֽוֹן
| The children of Your servants will dwell, and their seed will be established before You."
|-
|}

=== King James Version ===
# Hear my prayer, O LORD, and let my cry come unto thee.
# Hide not thy face from me in the day when I am in trouble; incline thine ear unto me: in the day when I call answer me speedily.
# For my days are consumed like smoke, and my bones are burned as an hearth.
# My heart is smitten, and withered like grass; so that I forget to eat my bread.
# By reason of the voice of my groaning my bones cleave to my skin.
# I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the desert.
# I watch, and am as a sparrow alone upon the house top.
# Mine enemies reproach me all the day; and they that are mad against me are sworn against me.
# For I have eaten ashes like bread, and mingled my drink with weeping.
# Because of thine indignation and thy wrath: for thou hast lifted me up, and cast me down.
# My days are like a shadow that declineth; and I am withered like grass.
# But thou, O LORD, shalt endure for ever; and thy remembrance unto all generations.
# Thou shalt arise, and have mercy upon Zion: for the time to favour her, yea, the set time, is come.
# For thy servants take pleasure in her stones, and favour the dust thereof.
# So the heathen shall fear the name of the LORD, and all the kings of the earth thy glory.
# When the LORD shall build up Zion, he shall appear in his glory.
# He will regard the prayer of the destitute, and not despise their prayer.
# This shall be written for the generation to come: and the people which shall be created shall praise the LORD.
# For he hath looked down from the height of his sanctuary; from heaven did the LORD behold the earth;
# To hear the groaning of the prisoner; to loose those that are appointed to death;
# To declare the name of the LORD in Zion, and his praise in Jerusalem;
# When the people are gathered together, and the kingdoms, to serve the LORD.
# He weakened my strength in the way; he shortened my days.
# I said, O my God, take me not away in the midst of my days: thy years are throughout all generations.
# Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thy hands.
# They shall perish, but thou shalt endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed:
# But thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end.
# The children of thy servants shall continue, and their seed shall be established before thee.

===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).<ref>*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]] |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | pages=35-37 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
</ref>

The extant [[palimpsest]] [[AqTaylor|Aq{{sup|Taylor}}]] includes a translation into [[Koine Greek]] by [[Aquila of Sinope]] in c. 130 CE, containing verses 16–29.<ref>*{{cite book|title=The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i|first1=Emil|last1=Schürer|first2=Geza|last2=Vermes|first3=Fergus|last3=Millar|publisher=A&C Black|year=2014|isbn=9780567604521|page=497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJxaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA497}}</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Psalm 102 is one of 15 psalms recited as additional [[Zemirot|hymns]] during the [[Yom Kippur]] service by [[Sephardi Jews]].{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=251}}

Verse 1 is recited by the sheaves of [[barley]] in [[Perek Shirah]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zootorah.com/assets/media/perek-shirah-booklet.pdf|title=Perek Shirah|first=Nosson|last=Slifkin|author-link=Natan Slifkin|year=2002|publisher=Zoo Torah|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref><ref name=shim/>

Verse 14 is said in [[Selichot]].<ref name=shim/> Sephardi Jews recite verse 14 after the prayer of ''[[Ein Keloheinu]]'' in the [[Shacharit|morning service]].{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=72}} This verse is also used as a popular Jewish song called ''Atah takum'', with the refrain ''ki va moed''.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.ou.org/torah/nach/nach-yomi/psalms_chapter_102/|first=Rabbi Jack|last=Abramowitz|title=Ki Va Moed|year=2018|access-date=November 13, 2018|work=[[Orthodox Union]]}}</ref>

Psalm 102 is said in times of community crisis.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/psalms-as-prayer/|title= Psalms as the Ultimate Self-Help Tool|first=Rabbi Simkha Y.|last=Weintraub|year=2018|access-date=November 13, 2018|work=My Jewish Learning}}</ref> It is also recited as a prayer for a childless woman to give birth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytehillim.com/Default.aspx?CategoryOption=True|title=Birth|work=Daily Tehillim|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref> In the ''Siddur Sfas Emes'', this psalm is said as a prayer "for the well-being of an ill person".<ref name=shim>{{cite web |url=https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=45}}</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
*Verses 25-27 are quoted in [[Hebrews 1|Hebrews]] {{bibleref2-nb|Hebrews|1:10-12|NKJV}} as an argument that Jesus is superior to the angels and making Psalm 102 in some sense both prayer to and praise concerning Jesus.<ref>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

===Catholic and Anglican===
Verse 1, with some other psalm verses (such as 124:8), has a prominent place in Catholic and Anglican liturgies, where it is split as an [[antiphon]] into a "call" ("Lord, listen to my prayer", or "Hear my prayer, O Lord") and the response ("and let my cry come unto Thee").

This psalm occurs in the [[Liturgy of the Hours|Monastic office]] of [[Benedict of Nursia|St Benedict (480-547)]] in the Saturday [[vigil (liturgy)|Vigil]] or [[Matins]].<ref>{{cite web |title=St Benedicts Psalmody |url=http://individual.utoronto.ca/aaronorear/psalmody.html |website=Schedule of Psalms for the Opus Dei |access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> It occurs in the same place in the [[Roman Breviary]] of [[Pope Pius V|St Pius V]] (1568) and occurs at Saturday [[Terce]] in the [[Roman Breviary]] of [[Pope Pius X|St Pius X]] (1911).<ref>{{cite web |title=Four Breviaries over 500 Years |url=http://www.gregorianbooks.com/gregorian/www/www.kellerbook.com/Foursch.htm |website=Gregorian Books |access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> In the revised office of [[Pope Paul VI]] (1971) the Psalm occurs on Tuesday Week 4 [[Office of Readings]]

== Musical settings ==
The second verse is set in the first part of [[Hear my prayer, O Lord (Purcell)|Hear my prayer, O Lord]], an [[anthem]] composed in 1682 by [[Henry Purcell]], using the translation of the [[Book of Common Prayer]].

Verses 25b-28 (interspersed with [[Psalm 90]]) form the text of [[Jochen Klepper]]'s 1938 ''Neujahrslied'' (New Years' Song).

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbuPJeQyeskC&q=134&pg=PA251|title=The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer: The Ashkenazic and Sephardic Rites|first=Macy|last=Nulman|year=1996|publisher=Jason Aronson|isbn=1461631246}}

== External links ==
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 102|Psalm 102}}
{{commonscat}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 102|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 102}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 102}}
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2684.htm Psalms Chapter 102 תְּהִלִּים] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* Text of Psalm 102 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm102.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-102/ Psalm 102 – The Pilgrim’s Love and Longing for God and His House] text and detailed commentary, enduringword.com
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/102 For the leader; "upon the gittith." A psalm of the Korahites.] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-102-1.html Psalm 102:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [[Charles H. Spurgeon]]: [https://archive.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps102.php Psalm 102] detailed commentary, archive.spurgeon.org
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%2102 Psalm 102] at biblegateway.com
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/102?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 102] hymnary.org
* [http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=31 Recording of melody for verse 14 ("Rise up, comfort Zion") on Zemirot Database]

{{Psalms}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Psalms|102]]

Psalm 101

2021-03-05T04:42:41Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|100}}
'''Psalm 101''' is the 101st [[psalm]] from the [[Book of Psalms]].<ref>Commentaires sur les psaumes, d’Hilaire de Poitiers, IVe siècle, Paris, Éditions du Cerf, 2008, collection sources chrétiennes n°515,</ref> The Latin name is '''Misericordiam et judicium'''.<ref>http://www.eskimo.com/~lhowell/bcp1662/psalter/psalms_3.html</ref> It is attributed to [[David]], and provides warnings for the wicked, while explaining the benefits the righteous will reap.<ref>The Artscroll Tehillim page 214</ref> In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible, and in the Latin [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 100'''.

== Content ==

'''{{sup|1}}''' ''A Psalm of David.''

I will sing of mercy and justice;

To You, O Lord, I will sing praises.

'''{{sup|2}}''' I will behave wisely in a [a]perfect way.

Oh, when will You come to me?

I will walk within my house with a perfect heart.

'''{{sup|3}}''' I will set nothing [b]wicked before my eyes;

I hate the work of those who fall away;

It shall not cling to me.

'''{{sup|4}}''' A perverse heart shall depart from me;

I will not know wickedness.

'''{{sup|5}}''' Whoever secretly slanders his neighbor,

Him I will destroy;

The one who has a haughty look and a proud heart,

Him I will not endure.

'''{{sup|6}}''' My eyes ''shall be'' on the faithful of the land,

That they may dwell with me;

He who walks in a [c]perfect way,

He shall serve me.

'''{{sup|7}}''' He who works deceit shall not dwell within my house;

He who tells lies shall not [d]continue in my presence.

'''{{sup|8}}''' Early I will destroy all the wicked of the land,

That I may cut off all the evildoers from the city of the Lord.

== Commentary ==
David here cuts out to himself and others a pattern both of a good magistrate and a good master of a family; and, if these were careful to discharge the duty of their place, it would contribute very much to a universal reformation.<ref>[https://www.blueletterbible.org/Comm/mhc/Psa/Psa_101.cfm Psalm 101 in Blue Letter Bible].</ref>

*"I will sing of mercy and justice" (verse 1): God's "mercy" and "justice" go together, because when justice pronounces its righteous penalty, mercy may grant relief. As king, David knows that before he could exercise mercy and justice in His kingdom, he had to understand and extol the mercy and justice of God.<ref name=guzik>{{Cite web|url=https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-101/|title=Psalm 101: A King's Determination to Righteous Rule |date=2016-06-18|website=Enduring Word|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-02}}</ref>

*"I will behave wisely in a perfect way" (verse 2): David determined that his reign would be marked by integrity and godliness, that is, to live a wise and holy life (perfect way), because as he came into a position of greater power, he experienced that power often exposes the flaws of character, if it does not actually help create them.<ref name=guzik/>

* "I will walk within my house with a perfect heart": David’s righteous life had to be real in his conduct within his own house, before it could be applied in the courts of his kingdom.<ref name=guzik/>

* "I will set nothing wicked before my eyes" (verses 3-4): One measure of a righteous life was what one chose to set before the eyes, as the lust of the eyes is a significant aspect of the lure of this world ({{bibleverse|1 John|2:6|KJV}}).<ref name=guzik/>

* "Whoever secretly slanders his neighbor" (verse 5): To lie or speak in an evil way against another is a significant and grievous sin and the worst of it is done '''secretly''', so David was determined to oppose all who did so ("Him I will destroy").<ref name=guzik/>

* "My eyes shall be on the faithful of the land" (verses 6-8): Instead of looking at those who thought themselves better than others, David preferred to look at the faithful, deciding that they would dwell with him.<ref name=guzik/>

*"Early I will destroy all the wicked of the land": David's determination to rule in favor of the godly, made him decide to remove the wicked early on from the city of God.<ref name=guzik/>

==Uses==

=== Catholic Church ===
Since the Middle Ages, this psalm was traditionally performed at the office of matins the Friday,<ref>Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, 1938/2003 p. 358.</ref> according to the [[Rule of St. Benedict]] established in 530.<ref>Règle de saint Benoît, chapitre XVIII, traduction par Prosper Guéranger, (Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, réimpression 2007)p. 46.</ref>

In the [[Liturgy of the Hours]], Psalm 101 is sung or recited at Lauds on Tuesday of the fourth week.<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 101}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|101|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|101|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|101]]
[[Category:Works attributed to David]]

Psalm 100

2021-03-05T04:41:08Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Redirect|Jubilate|the third Sunday after Easter|Jubilate Sunday}}
{{Psalm nr|99}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 100
| subtitle = "Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all ye lands."
| type = [[Psalms#Primary types|Hymn psalm]]
| image = DurhamCassiodorusDavidVictor.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Miniature of [[David]], in the 8th-century psalter Cassiodorus Durham, [[Northumbria]]
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| other_name = Jubilate Deo, a.k.a. Psalm 99 in the Septuagint/Vulgate numbering
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 100''' is the 100th [[psalm]] in the [[Book of Psalms]] in the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]].{{sfn|Mazor|2011|p=589}} In English, it is translated as "Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all ye lands" in the [[King James Version]] (KJV), and as "O be joyful in the Lord, all ye lands" in the [[Book of Common Prayer]] (BCP). Its Hebrew name is {{lang-he|lit=Mizmor l'Todah|text=מִזְמוֹר לְתוֹדָה|label=none}} and it is subtitled a "Psalm of gratitude confession".<ref>Samson Raphael Hirsch: Sidur tefilot Yisrael, Israels Gebete, (סדור תפלות ישראל). I. (Kauffmann, Frankfurt a.M. 1921), OCLC 18389019, p. 55.</ref> In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible, and in the Latin [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 99'''. In the Vulgate, it begins '''Jubilate Deo''' (alternatively: "Iubilate Domino"),<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_psalmorum_lt.html#PSALMUS%20100 PSALMUS 100 (99)] at [[Holy See|Vatican]] website.</ref> or '''Jubilate''', which also became the title of the BCP version.

People who have translated the psalm range from [[Martin Luther]] to [[Catherine Parr]], and translations have ranged from Parr's elaborate English that doubled many words, through metrical hymn forms, to attempts to render the meaning of the Hebrew as idiomatically as possible in a modern language (of the time). The psalm, being a [[Psalms#Primary types|hymn psalm]], was paraphrased in many hymns, such as "[[All people that on earth do dwell]]" in English, and "[[Nun jauchzt dem Herren, alle Welt]]" in German.

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and other Protestant liturgies, and has been set to music many times over centuries. In English, it has been set by many Anglican composers because the Jubilate is part of [[Morning Prayer (Anglican)|Morning Prayer]], and also in ''Te Deum and Jubilate'' compositions, such as Handel's ''[[Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate]]''. It has been set in German by many composers, including Mendelssohn's ''[[Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt (Mendelssohn)|Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt]]'', and Reger's ''[[Der 100. Psalm]]''. In Hebrew, it constitutes the bulk of the first [[Movement (music)|movement]] of Bernstein's ''[[Chichester Psalms]]''.

== Hebrew ==
The Hebrew text of the psalm comprises 5 verses. Unusually for a Biblical poem, it solely comprises [[tricolon]]s, verses 1 and 2 (a [[monocolon]] and a [[bicolon]] respectively) combining into a tricolon, and the remaining verses all being tricolons. (One scholar, [[Jan P. Fokkelman]], dissents and takes verse 4 to be two bicolons.) It is usually divided into two [[strophe]]s, verses 1–3 and verses 4–5.{{sfn|van der Lugt|2014|pp=101–103}}
#{{lang-he|label=none|text= מזמור לתודה הריעו ליהוה כל הארץ }}
#{{lang-he|label=none|text= עבדו את יהוה בשמחה באו לפניו ברננה }}
#{{lang-he|label=none|text= דעו כי יהוה הוא אלהים הוא עשנו ולא [ולו] אנחנו עמו וצאן מרעיתו }}
#{{lang-he|label=none|text= באו שעריו בתודה חצרתיו בתהלה הודו לו ברכו שמו }}
#{{lang-he|label=none|text= כי טוב יהוה לעולם חסדו ועד דר ודר אמונתו }}

The first two words {{Hebrew Name 1|מזמור לתודה|Mizmor l'Todah}} are the title of the psalm, naming it a song for a specific thanksgiving sacrifice in [[Solomon's Temple]] made in order to fulfil a vow.{{sfn|Baumol|2009|p=42}} This is recorded in [[Shevu'ot]] in the [[Babylonian Talmud]], stating it to be sung "with harps and cymbals and music on every corner and every large boulder in Jerusalem".{{sfn|Baumol|2009|p=42}}
Mediaeval commentator [[Rashi]], who made the correspondence between Shevu'ot's "song of ''todah''" and Psalm 100, stated that the psalm is to be said "upon the sacrifices of the ''todah''", which was expanded upon by [[David Altschuler]] in the 18th century stating that it is to be recited "by the one bringing a ''[[korban]] todah'' for a miracle that happened to him".{{sfn|Baumol|2009|pp=42,45}}

The bracketed part of verse 3 is an instance of [[Qere and Ketiv]] in the [[Masoretic Text]].{{sfn|Mariottini|2013|pp=99–100}}{{sfn|Dauber|2012|p=213}}
In the body of the text is the Hebrew word {{lang-he|text=לא|label=none|translit=lo'}} meaning "not" whereas the marginalia has the substitute {{lang-he|text=לו|label=none|translit=lô}} meaning "to him".{{sfn|Mariottini|2013|pp=99–100}}
One Kabbalistic explanation for the qere reading {{lang-he|label=none|text=ולו}} of the literal ketiv {{lang-he|label=none|text=ולא}} propounded by [[Asher ben David]] is that the {{lang-he|label=none|א}} ([[Aleph]]) represents God, and the ketiv is supposed to read "we are The Aleph's", in other words (given that God has already been mentioned, by two names, earlier in the verse) "we are his" per the qere.{{sfn|Dauber|2012|p=213}}

A less established thesis, first propounded in the 1960s (in {{harvnb|Lewis|1967}}), is that the Ketiv text is an asseverative particle, connected to the following phrase and thus as a whole translated as "and ''indeed'' we are his people".{{sfn|Howard Jr.|1997|p=93}}
Whilst this avoids the problem of the Qere reading making the verse say the same thing twice, it has not gained wide scholarly acceptance.
Professor David M. Howard Jr rejects it on constructionist grounds, as the syllabic imbalance in the colon lengths that it introduces outweighs for him what little variance in meaning it has from the Qere reading.{{sfn|Howard Jr.|1997|p=93}}
Professor John Goldingay rejects it as "unlikely".{{sfn|Goldingay|2008|p=133}}

Although only Psalm 90 is directly attributed to [[Moses]], it is conventional Jewish doctrine that Moses composed all of psalms 90 to 100, and this view is maintained by Rashi.{{sfn|Guggenheimer|2011|p=34}}{{sfn|Baumol|2009|p=42}}

The psalm occurs in several [[siddurim]] but it is unknown exactly how or when this specific thanksgiving became a part of the daily prayer,{{sfn|Baumol|2009|pp=42–43}} being recited as part of the [[Songs of thanksgiving (pesukei dezimra)|Songs of thanksgiving]] (''[[Pesukei dezimra]]'').<ref name="Posen">B. Posen: Die Schabbos-Vorschriften. Hilchos Schabbos. Morascha, Basel 2005, OCLC 694996857, p.55:„An Schabbat und Feiertagen, an Erew Jom Kippur und Pesach, sowie an Chol Hamo'ed Pessach wird der Psalm nicht gesprochen.“</ref><ref>Hochspringen ↑ Raw B. Posen: Die Schabbos-Vorschriften. Hilchos Schabbos. Morascha, Basel 2005, OCLC 694996857, p. 53 (s. Google Books). Ps. 100. מזמור לתודה: „Todah ist sowohl Bekenntnis einer Dankverpflichtung, als eines Schuldbewusstseins</ref>

Psalm 100 is traditionally omitted, as mentioned by Rashi's student [[Simcha ben Samuel]] and discussed in detail by 14th century writer [[David ben Joseph ben David Abduraham]], on [[Shabbat]] and [[Jewish holidays|festivals]] because the Thanksgiving offering was not offered on these days in the Temple.{{sfn|Baumol|2009|pp=43}} Only communal offerings were brought on these days. It is also omitted on the day before [[Pesach]] and during [[Chol HaMoed]] Pesach because the Thanksgiving offering is composed of a loaf of bread, which is [[chametz]] that may not be consumed during Pesach. It also is omitted the day before [[Yom Kippur]] because no food is consumed at all on Yom Kippur.<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 64</ref><ref>Raw B. Posen: Die Schabbos-Vorschriften. Hilchos Schabbos. Morascha, Basel 2005, OCLC 694996857, S. 53 (auch einsehbar bei Google Books). Ps. 100. מזמור לתודה: „Todah ist sowohl Bekenntnis einer Dankverpflichtung, als eines Schuldbewusstseins“.</ref>

However, [[Amram Gaon]] did the opposite, omitting this psalm from the daily liturgy but including it in the morning prayer for Shabbat.{{sfn|Baumol|2009|pp=42–43}}

Verse 2, "''Ivdu es-Hashem b'simcha''" (Serve the Lord with joy) is a popular inspirational song in Judaism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=259|title=Ivdu עִבְדוּ|work=Zemirot Database|access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref>

[[Leonard Bernstein]] set the Hebrew text of psalm 100 to music in his [[Chichester Psalms]], the whole psalm forming the majority of the first movement.{{sfn|Alwes|2015b|p=308}}

== Translations ==
=== Latin ===
[[File:Espelette-Église Saint Étienne-Lutrin-20180224.jpg|thumb|right|The lectern at the church of Saint-Étienne in [[Espelette]] is inscribed with the first verse from the Vulgate.]]
The psalm is number 99 in the Vulgate:{{sfn|Mueller|2011|p=[https://books.google.be/books?id=cBzuka1QBKkC&pg=PA362 362]}}{{sfn|Moorsom|1903|pp=[https://archive.org/details/historicalcompan00moor/page/6 6–7]}}
# Jubilate Deo omnis terra : servite Domino in lætitia.
# Introite in conspectu ejus : in exsultatione.
# Scitote quoniam Dominus ipse est Deus : ipse fecit nos, et non ipsi nos.
# Populus ejus, et oves pascuæ ejus, introite portas ejus in confessione : atria ejus in hymnis, confitemini illi.
# Laudate nomen ejus, quoniam suavis est Dominus ; in æternum misericordia ejus : et usque in generationem et generationem veritas ejus.
Jerome's ''Hebraica veritas'' reads "et ipsius sumus" in verse 3, for reasons discussed in the translation notes section below.{{sfn|Moorsom|1903|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalcompan00moor/page/7 7]}}

This has been set to music by many composers, including [[Giovanni Gabrielli]],{{sfn|Laster|1996|pp=655–656}} [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]],{{sfn|Laster|1996|pp=655–656}} and [[Leopold Mozart]].{{sfn|Laster|1996|pp=655–656}}
One of the surviving manuscripts of the ''grand motets'' by [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]] is a setting of the Jubilate Deo, catalogue number LWV 77/16; there is doubt as to its authenticity, and whether it is the same piece as [[Jean Loret]] reported performed on {{date|1660-08-29}} at the monastery of La Mercy in Paris to celebrate "le Mariage et la Paix" (the marriage of [[Louis XIV]] and the peace with Spain).{{sfn|Duron|2008|p=14}}{{sfn|Alwes|2015a|p=228}}
[[Fernando de las Infantas]] setting was composed for the [[Jubilee (Christianity)|Jubilee]] of 1575.{{sfn|Stevenson|1961|p=316}}

A different Latin form of the psalm is to be found in [[Elizabeth I of England]]'s ''[[Preces Private]]'' of 1564, where it is numbered psalm 100.{{sfn|Mueller|2011|p=362}}{{sfn|Clay|1851|pp=xv–xvi,352}}
Contrast its first two verses:
# Jubilate in honorem Domini, quotquot in terra versamini.
# Colite Dominum com laetitia, venite in conspectum ipsius cum exultatione.

Traditionally in the Roman Catholic Church, this psalm was chanted in [[abbey]]s during the celebration of [[matins]] on Fridays,<ref>Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, p. 355, 1938/2003</ref><ref name="abbaye-montdescats">{{cite web|url=http://www.abbaye-montdescats.fr/?page_id=1887|title=La distribution des Psaumes dans la Règle de Saint Benoît | Mont de Cats|publisher=abbaye-montdescats.fr|access-date=2016-03-29}}</ref> according to the schema of [[Saint Benedict|St. Benedict of Nursia]].<ref>Règle de saint Benoît, chapitre XVIII, traduction de Prosper Guéranger, p. 46, Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, réimpression 2007</ref> As one of the most important psalm, Psalm 100 (99) was similarly sung for the solemn office of Lauds on [[Sunday]].<ref>Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, p. 117.</ref>

In the 1970 reform of the Liturgy of the Hours, Psalm 100 is one of four [[Invitatory]] psalms which can introduce the daily office hours. It is recited at [[Lauds]] on Friday of the first<ref>The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.</ref> and third weeks of the Psalter. Psalm 100 is also present among the readings of the office of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]]: found on January 5 after the [[Octave (liturgy)|Octave]] of [[Christmas]], and on the fourth Sunday of [[Eastertide]]. {{fact|date=September 2019}}
It also appears six times in [[Ordinary Time]]: Thursday of the 8th week, the Friday of the 22nd week, Tuesday and Friday of the 24th week, the Monday of the 29th week, and on Thursday of the 34th week of Ordinary Time.{{fact|date=September 2019}}

Because of its text and its subject, this psalm is still one of the most important liturgical chants, during the celebration of the [[Jubilee (Christianity)|Jubilee]] every 25 years in Rome.<ref name="archive">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/donfernandodelas01mitj#page/75/mode/1up|title=Don Fernando de Las Infantas, teólogo y músico. Estudio crítico biobibliográfico|access-date=2016-03-29}}</ref> It is sung when the bishop opened the Door of Mercy.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Tablettes historiques du Velay|date=1872|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Qs_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA449|page=449|access-date=2016-03-29}}</ref>

The Old English text in the [[Vespasian Psalter]] is not an idiomatic translation but a word for word substitution, an [[interlinear gloss]], of the Vulgate Latin:{{sfn|Paues|1911}}
# Wynsumiað gode, all eorðe: ðiowiaƌ Dryhtne in blisse;
# ingað in gesihðe his: in wynsumnisse.

=== King James Version ===
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 100|Psalm 100}}
In the [[King James Version]] Psalm 100 is superscripted ''An exhortation to praise God cheerfully for his greatness and for his power''.{{sfn|KJV|1867|p=4}}
# A Psalm of Praise. Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all ye lands.
# Serve the Lord with gladness: come before his presence with singing.
# Know ye that the Lord he is God: it is he that hath made us, and not we ourselves: we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture.
# Enter into his gates with thanksgiving, and into his courts with praise: be thankful unto him, and bless his name.
# For the Lord is good, his mercy is everlasting: and his truth endureth to all generations.
The Qere "and his we are" (discussed in the translation notes section below) is recorded as marginalia; which was to become the translation used in the main body text by the time of the [[Revised Version]].{{sfn|Earle|1894|p=325}}
Other marginalia provide "all the earth" and "to generation and generation" from the Hebrew for verses 1 and 5.
=== Geddes ===
The 1807 translation by [[Alexander Geddes]] for Catholics demonstrates some of the alternative choices set out in the [[#Translation notes|translation notes]] section below:{{sfn|Geddes|1807|p=184}}
# A EUCHARISTIC PSALM. CELEBRATE Jehovah, all ye lands !
# with joyfulness worship Jehovah ! Come into his presence with exultation.
# Know that Jehovah is the only God : It was he who made us, and his we are ; his own people, and the flock of his pasture.
# With thanksgiving enter into his gates ; into his courts with songs of praise. To him be thankful, and bless his name :
# For good is Jehovah ! everlasting his bounty ! and his veracity from generation to generation.

=== Driver and BCP ===
[[File:A book of psalmody- containing chanting-tunes for Venite exultemus Fleuron T161302-45.png|thumb|right|The second part of verse 1 in the BCP translation, set to a chanting tune in James Green's 1738 {{Internet Archive|name=A Book of Psalmody|id=bookofpsalmodyco00gree|page=25}}]]
[[Samuel Rolles Driver]]'s ''Parallel Psalter'' has the Prayer Book translation of psalm 100 on a verso page.{{sfn|Driver|1904|p=290}}
It is identical to the Jubilate Deo, sans Gloria, from the [[Book of Common Prayer]], intentionally retaining the use of "O" for the vocative amongst other things:{{sfn|Driver|1904|p=xxvii}}
# O be joyful in the Lord, all ye lands : serve the Lord with gladness, and come before his presence with a song.
# Be ye sure that the Lord he is God : it is he that hath made us, and not we ourselves; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture.
# O go your way into his gates with thanksgiving, and into his courts with praise : be thankful unto him, and speak good of his Name.
# For the Lord is gracious, his mercy is everlasting : and his truth endureth from generation to generation.
The beginning of verse 1 here is the same as Psalm 66 verse 1 and Psalm 98 verse 4.{{sfn|Driver|1904|p=290}}

His own 1898 translation is on a facing recto page.{{sfn|Driver|1904|p=291}}
It exhibits several of the differences in modern translations that are explained in the below translation notes section.
# Shout unto Jehovah, all the earth.
# Serve Jehovah with gladness ; come before his presence with a ringing cry.
# Know ye that Jehovah he is God : it is he that hath made us, and we are his ; (we are) his people, and the flock of his pasture.
# O enter into his gates with thanksgiving, (and) into his courts with praise : give thanks unto him, bless his name.
# For Jehovah is good, his kindness (endureth) for ever, and his faithfulness unto all generations.
For "pasture" in verse 3 he gives "shepherding" as an alternative, and for "thanksgiving" in verse 4 "a thank-offering".{{sfn|Driver|1904|p=291}}

Psalm 100 was one of the fixed psalms in the older [[Anglican]] [[liturgy]] for office of [[lauds]] on Sundays, and the Prayer Book translation given by Driver (with an added Gloria) is a part of the order of [[Morning Prayer (Anglican)|morning prayer]] in the Book of Common Prayer under the title "Jubilate Deo".{{sfn|Blunt|1872|pp=17,314}}
It was added to the BCP litany in 1552, as a substitute for the [[Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)|Benedictus]] to be used only on days when it so happened that the second Lesson prescribed for the day happened to already include that part of the [[Gospel of Luke]].{{sfn|Blunt|1872|pp=16–17}}

As such, it has been set to music by many composers, including [[Benjamin Britten]],{{sfn|Laster|1996|pp=655–656}} [[John Gardner (composer)|John Gardner]],{{sfn|Laster|1996|pp=655–656}} [[Herbert Howells]],{{sfn|Laster|1996|pp=655–656}} [[John Ireland (composer)|John Ireland]],{{sfn|Laster|1996|pp=655–656}} [[Richard Purvis]],{{sfn|Laster|1996|pp=655–656}} [[Charles Villiers Stanford]],{{sfn|Dibble|2002|p=102}} [[George Dyson (composer)|George Dyson]],{{fact|date=September 2019}} [[Kenneth Leighton]],{{fact|date=September 2019}} [[William Walton]],{{sfn|Laster|1996|pp=655–656}} and [[John Rutter]].{{sfn|Rosewall|2007|p=417}}
[[Henry Purcell]] in his ''Te Deum and Jubilate'' and [[George Frideric Handel]] in his ''[[Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate]]'' both took the approach of one movement for each verse, Handel splitting the BCP verse 1 back into its constituent two original Hebrew verses, with one movement each.{{sfn|Burrows|2005|p=94}}
Stanford's setting was part of his innovative ''[[Morning, Evening and Communion Service in B-flat|Morning, Evening and Communion Service in B♭]]'', and the Jubilate Deo was first performed on {{date|1879-05-25}}.{{sfn|Dibble|2002|p=102}}

[[Ralph Vaughan Williams]] composed two settings of the psalm, ''The Hundredth Psalm'' a choral cantata in 1929 using the BCP translation, and ''The Old Hundredth Psalm Tune'' in 1952 using Kethe's translation (discussed next), which was used for the [[coronation of Elizabeth II]] and had parts for SATB, organ, orchestra, and congregation.{{sfn|Gillingham|2012|p=298}}{{sfn|Rosewall|2007|p=480}}

=== Kethe ===
[[File:Old Hundredth Sternold & Hopkins (1628), crop.JPG|thumb|right|The melody for [[Loys Bourgeois]]'s [[Old 100th]] with Kethe's translation, from a 1628 publication]]
[[William Kethe]]'s translation is in [[long metre]], and formed part of a collection of psalms translated into metrical form in English, the 1562 expanded 150-psalm edition of [[Thomas Sternhold]]'s and [[John Hopkins (psalmist)|John Hopkins]]'s 1549 [[metrical psalter]] ([[Day's Psalter]]).{{sfn|Holladay|1995|p=200}}
First appearing in ''Fourscore and Seven Psalms of David'' (the so-called [[Genevan Psalter]]) the year before,{{sfn|Knowles|Partington|1999|p=87}} it divides the verses in the same way as the Book of Common Prayer:
# All people that on earth do dwell, sing to the Lord with cheerful voice: him serve with fear, his praise forth tell, come ye before him and rejoice!
# The Lord, ye know, is God indeed, without our aid he did us make; we are his flock he doth us feed, and for his sheep he doth us take.
# O enter then his gates with praise, approach with joy his courts unto; praise, laud, and bless his Name always, for it is seemly so to do.
# For why? the Lord our God is good, his mercy is for ever sure; his truth at all times firmly stood, and shall from age to age endure.

Of all of the psalms in the Sternhold and Hopkins psalter, Kethe's translation is the most famous and lasting, it being a popular hymn usually set to the tune "[[Old 100th]]". Hannibal Hamlin, a professor of English, observes that it suffers from common ailments of strophic song settings, that the first verse fits a tune better than subsequent verses and that the phrasing has a tendency towards the convoluted. Hamlin holds up "him serve with fear", with an unusual object-verb-object ordering for the imperative in English (which would in colloquial English more usually be "serve him with fear"), followed by a similarly unusual word order in "his praise forth tell", as examples of the latter. The former is exemplified by the drawn-out end of the second line of the tune "Old 100th" fitting "cheerful voice" better than it does "courts unto" and "ever sure".{{sfn|Hamlin|2004|pp=48–49}}

Biblical scholar J. Clinton McCann Jr characterises this translation of the psalm as "the banner hymn of the Reformed tradition", and observes that the psalm would have provided an excellent basis, better than that of the [[Book of Genesis]], for the [[Westminster Confession of Faith]]'s declaration of the primary purpose of humans being to glorify God.{{sfn|Goldingay|2008|p=134}}

=== Luther ===
[[Martin Luther]] translated the psalm into German, including the Hebrew title in the first verse (like Geddes) with the psalm under the title ''Der 100. Psalm'':{{sfn|BuaB|1877|p=76}}
# Ein Dankpsalm. Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt.
# Dienet dem Herrn mit Freuden; kommt vor sein Angesicht mit Frohlocken.
# Erkennet, daß der Herr Gott ist. Er hat uns gemacht, und nicht wir selbst zu seinem Volk, und zu Schafen seiner Weide.
# Gehet zu seinen Toren ein mit Danken, zu seinen Vorhöfen mit Loben; danket ihm, lobet seinen Namen.
# Denn der Herr ist freundlich, und seine Gnade währet ewig, und seine Wahrheit für und für.

[[Heinrich Schütz]] set it to music as part of his ''Opus Ultimum'', the motet (catalogue number SWV 493) being the first that he composed of the 13 motets in that work, for the re-consecration of the Dresden church after its renovation on {{date|1662-09-28}}. It was believed lost until it was reconstructed in 1981 by [[Wolfram Steude]].{{sfn|Robinson|1988|pp=217–218,232}}

[[Felix Mendelssohn]] set this to music for eight voices as ''[[Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt (Mendelssohn)|Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt]]'', composed in 1844 and published posthumously in 1855.{{sfn|Todd|2004|p=171}} [[Max Reger]] entitled his 1906 setting of Luther's translation as a [[choral symphony]] ''[[Der 100. Psalm]]''.

=== Watts/Wesley ===
Hymnals sometimes attribute "Before Jehovah's awful throne", another translation of the psalm in hymn form common in Methodism, to [[Isaac Watts]], but this is only partly true.{{sfn|Moorsom|1903|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalcompan00moor/page/6 6]}}{{sfn|Hatchett|2003|pp=187–188}}
Watts translated Psalm 100 twice, to form a hymn comprising two parts that was first published in ''Psalms of David Imitated'', the first subtitled "a plain translation", whose first verse was:{{sfn|Hatchett|2003|pp=187–188}}
# Ye nations of the Earth rejoice, Before the Lord your sovereign King; Serve him with cheerful heart and voice; With all your tongues his glory sing.
and the second subtitled "a paraphrase", whose first two verses (as later re-published) were:{{sfn|Hatchett|2003|pp=187–188}}{{sfn|Watts|1860|pp=201–202}}
# Sing to the Lord with joyful voice; Let ev'ry land his name adore; The British isles shall send the noise Across the ocean to the shore.
# Nations attend before his throne, With solemn fear and sacred joy: Know that the Lord is God alone; He can create, and he destroy.
The second verse of the paraphrase was a rewrite, Watts' original in the 1706 ''Horae Lyricae'' reading:{{sfn|Hatchett|2003|pp=187–188}}
# <li value="2">With gladness bow before his throne, And let his presence raise your joys, Know that the Lord is God alone, And form'd our Souls, and fram'd our voice.</li>
No version of Watts contained the line about the "awful throne". That was a revision by [[John Wesley]] for his 1737 ''Collection of Psalms and Hymns'', who discarded Watts' first verse of part 2 entirely, and rewrote its now-first verse (that verse's second rewrite) to include the line by which it is known:{{sfn|Hatchett|2003|pp=187–188}}{{sfn|Watts|1860|pp=201–202}}{{sfn|Hostetler|1949|p=226}}
# Before Jehovah's awful throne, Ye nations, bow with sacred joy; Know that the Lord is God alone; He can create, and he destroy.
The word "awful" is used here in its older, 18th century, meaning, and some modern reprints of Watts/Wesley spell it "awe-ful" to make this clear.{{sfn|Hostetler|1949|p=226}}
Other hymnals revised it further, instead; in the ''Lutheran book of worship'' it is "Before Jehovah's awesome throne", and in the 1982 Episcopal ''Hymnal'' it is "Before the Lord's eternal throne".{{sfn|Holladay|1995|p=206}}

=== Others ===
There are other translations of the psalm in hymn form and otherwise, including "Before the Lord Jehovah's Throne" (number 306 in the Presbyterian ''[[The Worshipbook of 1970|The Worshipbook]]''),{{sfn|Bower|1987|p=263}} "Sing, All Creation" (set to the tune of Rouen's "[[Iste Confessor]]" in ''Morning Praise and Evensong''),{{sfn|Bower|1987|p=263}} the metrical "O be joyful in the Lord, Sing before him, all the earth" (number 482 in ''The Worshipbook''),{{sfn|Bower|1987|p=263}} and [[Joseph Gelineau]]'s "Cry Out with Joy to the Lord" in his ''Gradual''.{{sfn|Bower|1987|p=263}}

"[[Nun jauchzt dem Herren, alle Welt]]" is a 1646 paraphrase by [[David Denicke]].
The first movement of Bach's ''[[Christmas Oratorio]]'', {{lang|de|[[Jauchzet, frohlocket! BWV 248 I|Jauchzet, frohlocket!]]}}, is also a paraphase of the psalm.

[[Catherine Parr]]'s ''[[Psalms or Prayers]]'' contains an elaborate translation into English, from the Elizabethan Latin translation, that doubles most of the imperative verbs and some of the adjectives and nouns. "Jubilate" becomes, for example "Rejoice and sing"; and "colite" becomes "worship and serve".{{sfn|Mueller|2011|p=362}}

=== Translation notes ===
As aforementioned, verse 3 contains an instance of [[Qere and Ketiv]] in the [[Masoretic Text]]. The KJV translation "and not we ourselves" is based upon the ketiv, and agrees with the Septuagint and Vulgate translations; the [[New American Standard Bible]] and the [[Darby Bible]] also agreeing. More modern translations such as those of the [[New International Version]] and the [[English Standard Version]] are based upon the qere, and read "and we are his".{{sfn|Mariottini|2013|pp=99–100}}{{sfn|Kohlenberger III|2009|p=50}}
Geddes opined in a footnote to his translation that the KJV/Septuagint translation is "totally inadmissable".{{sfn|Geddes|1807|p=184}}
[[Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette]], in his German translation of the Psalm, likewise gave the translation "und sein sind wir", noting that the ketiv translation "und nicht wir" (as given by Luther) is "ganz unschicklich".{{sfn|de Wette|1856|p=493}}

The historicist argument in support of following the qere over the ketiv is that the ketiv simply makes no sense in context. There was simply no contemporary Biblical world view in which people believed that they created themselves. It is bolstered by a constructionist argument that the structure of the psalm is better taking the qere reading, as in that way each part of the second half of the verse contains a pronoun or possessive suffix referencing the names of God in the first half.{{sfn|Howard Jr.|1997|p=92}}
[[Robert Lowth]], writing in [[James Merrick]]'s 1768 ''Annotations on the Psalms'', said that "I am persuaded that the Masoretical correction […] is right: the construction and parallelism both favour it."{{sfn|Calvin|1847|p=85}}

The Old English metrical form of Psalm 100, associated with the [[Paris Psalter]], similarly gives "we his syndon" ("we belong to him"). Scholarship on this rests on the 19th century Ph.D. thesis of Helen Bartlett.{{sfn|O'Neill|2016|p=680}}
Bartlett, like the parallel Old-English and Latin psalters of earlier in the 19th century (e.g. {{harvnb|Thorpe|1835|p=271}}), only compares the Old English translation with the Vulgate Latin (also using the Vulgate numbering), not with the Latin of Jerome, and ascribes "we his syndon" to a mistranslation of the Vulgate "et non ipsi nos" that overlooks "non" and misconstrues a dative, rather than to Jerome's "et ipsius sumus".{{sfn|Bartlett|1896|p=30}}

Lost in the English translation is that all of the imperative verbs in the Hebrew are in the plural.{{sfn|Hayes|1985|p=25}}
The phrase "make a joyful noise" is significantly longer than the Hebrew, which is just one word (as is the Latin); and translators aiming to preserve the text more literally use verbs such as "acclaim", "hail", or "shout" (as Driver did).{{sfn|Alden|1955|p=123}}{{sfn|Driver|1904|p=291}}
Also lost in most English translations is the use of the vocative, although the Book of Common Prayer translation retained this by use of "O", as did the original Prayer Book translation that Driver gave.{{sfn|Mays|1994|p=68}}{{sfn|Alden|1955|p=123}}{{sfn|Driver|1904|pp=xxvii,290–291}}
[[Hermann Gunkel]] translated the end of verse 1 as "all the land", i.e. all of the land of Israel, rather than the more generally accepted modern translation of "all the Earth", i.e. everyone; a point upon which [[James Luther Mays]] commented that "Gunkel's historicism led him astray".{{sfn|Mays|1994|p=68}}{{sfn|Alden|1955|p=123}}{{sfn|Howard Jr.|1997|p=91}}

==Musical settings==
{{prose|date=September 2019}}
=== Classical music ===
* [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]] (1575)<ref name="archive"/>
* [[Michel-Richard de Lalande]] S72/5, S9
*[[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] "''Jubilate Deo omnis terra"'' H.194, for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments and continuo (1683)
* [[Georg Philipp Telemann]] or [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], [[Johann Gottlob Harrer]]: [[pasticcio]] [[motet]] ''[[Jauchzet dem Herrn alle Welt (motet)|Jauchzet dem Herrn alle Welt]]''<ref>Bach Digital Work {{BDW|1471}} at {{url|www.bachdigital.de}}</ref>
*[[Jean-Joseph de Mondonville|Jean-Joseph Cassané de Mondonville]] (unknown date)
==== Contemporary ====
* [[Malcolm Arnold]]
* [[Charles Ives]]

==See also==
* [[Hakarat HaTov]]

==References==
{{reflist|20em}}
=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mazor
| first = Lea
| editor1-last = Berlin
| editor1-first = Adele
| editor2-last = Grossman
| editor2-first = Maxine
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=hKAaJXvUaUoC&pg=PA589
| title = Book of Psalms
| work = The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 2011
| isbn = 978-0-19-973004-9
}}
* {{cite book|title=Rereading the Biblical Text: Searching for Meaning and Understanding|author1-first=Claude F.|author1-last=Mariottini|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2013|isbn=9781630870355|chapter=Psalm 100:3: In search of a better translation}}
* {{cite book|title=Translation that Openeth the Window: Reflections on the History and Legacy of the King James Bible|editor1-first=David G.|editor1-last=Burke|publisher=Society of Biblical Lit|year=2009|isbn=9781589833562|author1-first=John R.|author1-last=Kohlenberger III|chapter=The textual sources of the King James Bible}}
* {{cite book|title=A New Translation of the Book of Psalms: From the Original Hebrew; with Various Readings and Notes|author1-first=Alexander|author1-last=Geddes|publisher=J. Johnson|year=1807}} ({{Internet Archive|name=A New Translation of the Book of Psalms|id=anewtranslation00geddgoog|page=202}})
* {{cite book|title=Preaching the new common lectionary: after Pentecost, Part 3|author1-first=John|author1-last=Hayes|publisher=Abingdon Press|year=1985|isbn=9780687338504}}
* {{cite book|title=The Lord Reigns: A Theological Handbook to the Psalms|author1-first=James Luther|author1-last=Mays|author1-link=James Luther Mays|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=1994|isbn=9780664255589}}
* {{cite book|title=Commentar über die Psalmen: nebst beigefügter Uebersetzung|url=https://archive.org/details/commentarberdie00baurgoog|author1-first=Wilhelm Martin Leberecht|author1-last=de Wette|author1-link=Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette|edition=5th|location=Heidelberg|publisher=J.C.B. Mohr|year=1856}} ({{Internet Archive|id=bub_gb_p7MCAAAAQAAJ|page=423|name=Commentar über die Psalmen (1836 edition)}})
* {{cite book|title=Psalms Volume 2|series=Everyman's Bible Commentaries|author1-first=Robert|author1-last=Alden|publisher=Moody Publishers|year=1955|isbn=9781575678450|chapter=Psalm 100}}
* {{cite book|title=The Parallel Psalter|url=https://archive.org/details/parallelpsalterb00drivuoft|author1-first=Samuel Rolles|author1-last=Driver|author1-link=Samuel Rolles Driver|edition=2nd|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1904|location=Oxford}}
* {{cite book|title=The Psalms Through Three Thousand Years: Prayerbook of a Cloud of Witnesses|author1-first=William L.|author1-last=Holladay|publisher=Fortress Press|year=1995|isbn=9781451420302}}
* {{cite encyclopaedia|article=William Kethe|encyclopaedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations|editor1-first=Elizabeth M.|editor1-last=Knowles|editor2-first=Angela|editor2-last=Partington|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1999|isbn=9780198601739}}
* {{cite book|title=Cantos and Strophes in Biblical Hebrew Poetry III: Psalms 90–150 and Psalm 1|series=Oudtestamentische Studiën|author1-first=Pieter|author1-last=van der Lugt|publisher=BRILL|year=2014|isbn=9789004262799|chapter=Psalm 100}}
* {{cite book|title=Psalm Culture and Early Modern English Literature|author1-first=Hannibal|author1-last=Hamlin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780521832700}}
* {{cite book|title=The Annotated Book of Common Prayer|url=https://archive.org/details/annotatedbookco00englgoog|author1-first=John Henry|author1-last=Blunt|edition=6th|publisher=Rivingtons|location=London|year=1872}}
* {{cite book|title=Handel and the English Chapel Royal|series=Oxford studies in British church music|author1-first=Donald|author1-last=Burrows|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005|isbn=9780198162285}}
* {{cite book|title=Psalms Through the Centuries|author1-first=Susan|author1-last=Gillingham|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=9780470674901}}
* {{cite book|title=Directory of Choral-orchestral Music|author1-first=Michael|author1-last=Rosewall|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2007|chapter=Vaughan Williams, Ralph|isbn=9780415980043}}
* {{cite book|ref={{harvid|BuaB|1877}}|title=Die Psalmen Davids: nach M. Luthers übersetzung|author1-first=Martin|author1-last=Luther|author1-link=Martin Luther|publisher=Britische und ausländische Bibelgesellschaft|year=1877}}
* {{cite book|title=The Cambridge Companion to Mendelssohn|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00pete|chapter-url-access=registration|editor1-first=Peter|editor1-last=Mercer-Taylor|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780521533423|author1-first=R. Larry|author1-last=Todd|chapter=On Mendelssohn's sacred music, real and imaginary|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00pete}}
* {{cite book|title=Catalogue of Choral Music Arranged in Biblical Order|author1-first=James H.|author1-last=Laster|edition=2nd|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=1996|isbn=9781461726647}}
* {{cite book|title=Knowledge of God and the Development of Early Kabbalah|author1-first=Jonathan|author1-last=Dauber|publisher=BRILL|year=2012|isbn=9789004234277}}
* {{cite book|title=Tractates Ševu'ot and 'Avodah Zarah|volume=61|series=Studia Judaica|author1-first=Heinrich W.|author1-last=Guggenheimer|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2011|isbn=9783110258066}}
* {{cite book|title=The Poetry of Prayer: Tehillim in Tefillah|author1-first=Avi|author1-last=Baumol|publisher=Gefen Publishing House Ltd|year=2009|isbn=9789652294524|chapter=Psalm 100: Mizmor l'Todah}}
* {{cite book|title=Handbook for the Common Lectionary|author1-first=Peter C.|author1-last=Bower|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=1987|isbn=9780664240486|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookforcommo00bowe}}
* {{cite book|title=Katherine Parr: Complete Works and Correspondence|editor1-first=Janel|editor1-last=Mueller|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2011|isbn=9780226647241}}
* {{cite book|title=Private Prayers: Put Forth by Authority During the Reign of Queen Elizabeth|url=https://archive.org/details/privateprayerspu00clay|author1-first=William Keatinge|author1-last=Clay|publisher=University Press|year=1851|location=Cambridge}} ({{Internet Archive|name=Private Prayers|id=privateprayerspu00clay|page=382}})
* {{cite book|title=A Historical Companion to Hymns Ancient and Modern|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalcompan00moor|author1-first=Robert Maude|author1-last=Moorsom|publisher=C.J. Clay|location=London|year=1903|edition=2nd}}
* {{cite book|title=The Structure of Psalms 93-100|volume=5|series=Biblical and Judaic studies|author1-first=David M.|author1-last=Howard Jr.|publisher=Eisenbrauns|year=1997|isbn=9781575060095|chapter=The Texts: Psalm 100}}
* {{cite book|title=A Companion to the New Harp of Columbia|author1-first=Marion J.|author1-last=Hatchett|publisher=University of Tennessee Press|year=2003|isbn=9781572332034}}
* {{cite book|title=The Psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs of the Isaac Watts|author1-first=Isaac|author1-last=Watts|author1-link=Isaac Watts|editor1-first=Samuel|editor1-last=Worcester|publisher=Crocker & Brewster|year=1860|location=Boston}}
* {{cite book|title=Handbook to the Mennonite Hymnary|author1-first=Lester|author1-last=Hostetler|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|year=1949}}
* {{cite book|title=The Psalms Through Three Thousand Years: Prayerbook of a Cloud of Witnesses|author1-first=William L.|author1-last=Holladay|publisher=Fortress Press|year=1995|isbn=9781451420302}}
* {{cite book|title=The Psalter of the Great Bible of 1539: A Landmark in English Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/psaltergreatbib00earlgoog|author1-first=John|author1-last=Earle|publisher=John Murray|year=1894|location=London}} ({{Internet Archive|name=The Psalter of the Great Bible of 1539|id=cu31924029296832|page=395}})
* {{cite book|title=Commentary on the Book of Psalms|volume=4|author1-first=John|author1-last=Calvin|author1-link=John Calvin|editor1-first=James|editor1-last=Anderson|publisher=Calvin Translation Society|year=1847}}
* {{cite book|title=Old English Psalms|editor1-first=Patrick P.|editor1-last=O'Neill|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2016|isbn=9780674504752}}
* {{cite thesis|title=The Metrical Division of the Paris Psalter: A Dissertation|degree=Ph.D.|author1-first=Helen|author1-last=Bartlett|publisher=Bryn Mawr University|date=1896}} ({{HathiTrust|fullid=mdp.39015010716242|title=The Metrical Division of the Paris Psalter}})
* {{Cite EB1911|ref=harv|wstitle=Bible, English|author1-first=Anna C.|author1-last=Paues}}
* {{cite book|ref={{harvid|KJV|1867}}|title=The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New Testaments|publisher=[[Eyre & Spottiswoode|G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode]]|year=1867|chapter=Psalm C}}
* {{cite book|title=A History of Western Choral Music|volume=1|author1-first=Chester Lee|author1-last=Alwes|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2015a|isbn=9780199361939}}
* {{cite book|title=A History of Western Choral Music|volume=2|author1-first=Chester Lee|author1-last=Alwes|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2015b|isbn=9780199377008}}
* {{cite book|title=La naissance du style français: 1650–1673|editor1-first=Jean|editor1-last=Duron|author1-first=Jean|author1-last=Duron|publisher=Editions Mardaga|year=2008|isbn=9782870099940|chapter=les nouveaux canons de la musique française sous le règne de Louis XIV}}
* {{cite book|title=Spanish Cathedral Music in the Golden Age|url=https://archive.org/details/spanishcathedral00stev|author1-first=Robert|author1-last=Stevenson|publisher=University of California Press|location=Los Angeles|year=1961}}
* {{cite book|title=Five Centuries of Choral Music: Essays in Honor of Howard Swan|editor1-first=Gordon|editor1-last=Paine|publisher=Pendragon Press|year=1988|isbn=9780918728845|author1-first=Ray|author1-last=Robinson|chapter=The Opus Ultimum: Heinrich Schütz's artistic and spritual testament}}
* {{cite book|title=Psalms: Psalms 90–150|series=Baker Commentary on the Old Testament|volume=3|author1-first=John|author1-last=Goldingay|publisher=Baker Academic|year=2008|isbn=9780801031434|chapter=Psalm 100}}
* {{cite book|title=Charles Villiers Stanford: Man and Musician|author1-first=Jeremy|author1-last=Dibble|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=9780198163831}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|author1=Augustine of Hippo|author1-link=Augustine of Hippo|title=Expositions of the Psalms|volume=5 (99–120)|editor1-first=Boniface|editor1-last=Ramsey|translator1-first=Maria|translator1-last=Boulding|publisher=New City Press|year=1990|isbn=9781565481961|chapter=Exposition of Psalm 99|pages=13–28}}
* {{cite book|title=Libri Psalmorum versio antiqua Latina: cum paraphrasi Anglo-Saxonica : partim soluta oratione, partim metrice composita|url=https://archive.org/details/libripsalmorumv00fragoog|editor1-first=Benjamin|editor1-last=Thorpe|publisher=E Typographeo Academico|year=1835|location=Oxonii}}
* {{cite journal|author1-first=Joe O.|author1-last=Lewis|title=An Asseverative ולא in Psalm 100:3?|journal=Journal of Biblical Literature|volume=86|issue=2|year=1967|page=216|doi=10.2307/3263278|jstor=3263278}}
* {{cite book|title=Preaching Christ from Psalms|author1-first=Sidney|author1-last=Greidanus|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|year=2016|chapter='Make a joyful noise to the LORD, all the Earth!': Psalm 100 (99)|pages=528–548|isbn=9780802873668}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 100|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 100}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 100}}
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26a0.htm Psalms Chapter 100] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/100 Shout joyfully to the LORD, all you lands] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-100-1.html Psalm 100:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-100/ Psalm 100 – A Psalm of Thanksgiving for All Lands] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-100 Psalm 100 / Refrain: The Lord is gracious; his steadfast love is everlasting.] [[Church of England]]
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/100?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 100] hymnary.org

{{Hymns and songs based on Psalms}}
{{Jewish prayers}}
{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|100]]
[[Category:Pesukei dezimra]]
[[Category:Siddur of Orthodox Judaism]]

Psalm 99

2021-03-05T04:40:36Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|98}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 99
| subtitle = "The Lord Reigns!"
| type =
| image = PsalterEssexHouse.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = Psalm 99 from 1902 Psalter
| other_name = {{plainlist|
Psalm 98 (Vulgate)
Dominus regnavit
}}
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 99''' is 99th [[psalm]] in the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]], the last of the set of ''Royal Psalms'', [[Psalm 93]]-99, praising God as the King of His people. In the slightly different numbering system of the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is ''Psalm 98''. There is no title in the [[Masoretic text]] version, but the Septuagint (LXX) provides a title: "A psalm of David".<ref name=rodd>{{cite book|last= Rodd | first= C. S. | chapter = 18. Psalms | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 393 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}</ref>

==Text==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 99:<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16320 |title=Tehillim – Psalms – Chapter 99|publisher=[[Chabad|Chabad.org]]|year=2019|access-date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | יְהֹוָ֣ה מָ֖לָךְ יִרְגְּז֣וּ עַמִּ֑ים יֹשֵׁ֥ב כְּ֜רוּבִ֗ים תָּנ֥וּט הָאָֽרֶץ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | יְהֹוָה בְּצִיּ֣וֹן גָּד֑וֹל וְרָ֥ם ה֜֗וּא עַל־כָּל־הָֽעַמִּֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | יוֹד֣וּ שִׁ֖מְךָ גָּד֥וֹל וְנוֹרָ֗א קָד֥וֹשׁ הֽוּא
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | וְעֹ֥ז מֶלֶךְ֘ מִשְׁפָּ֪ט אָ֫הֵ֥ב אַ֖תָּה כּוֹנַ֣נְתָּ מֵּֽישָׁרִ֑ים מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּ֜צְדָקָ֗ה בְּיַֽעֲקֹ֚ב | אַתָּ֬ה עָשִֽׂיתָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | רֽוֹמְמ֡וּ יְהֹ֘וָ֚ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וְ֖הִֽשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ לַֽהֲדֹ֥ם רַגְלָ֗יו קָד֥וֹשׁ הֽוּא
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | מ֘שֶׁ֚ה וְאַֽהֲרֹ֨ן | בְּכֹֽהֲנָ֗יו וּ֖שְׁמוּאֵל בְּקֹֽרְאֵ֣י שְׁמ֑וֹ קֹרִ֥אים אֶל־יְ֜הֹוָ֗ה וְה֣וּא יַֽעֲנֵֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | בְּעַמּ֣וּד עָ֖נָן יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם שָֽׁמְר֥וּ עֵֽ֜דֹתָ֗יו וְחֹ֣ק נָֽתַן־לָֽמוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵינוּ֘ אַתָּ֪ה עֲנִ֫יתָ֥ם אֵ֣ל נֹ֖שֵׂא הָיִ֣יתָ לָהֶ֑ם וְ֜נֹקֵ֗ם עַל־עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | רֽוֹמְמ֡וּ יְ֘הֹוָ֚ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וְ֖הִֽשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ לְהַ֣ר קָדְשׁ֑וֹ כִּ֥י קָ֜ד֗וֹשׁ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ
|-
|}

===King James Version===
The following is the full English text of the Psalm from the [[King James Bible]].
# The LORD reigneth; let the people tremble: he sitteth between the cherubims; let the earth be moved.
# The LORD is great in Zion; and he is high above all the people.
# Let them praise thy great and terrible name; for it is holy.
# The king's strength also loveth judgment; thou dost establish equity, thou executest judgment and righteousness in Jacob.
# Exalt ye the LORD our God, and worship at his footstool; for he is holy.
# Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among them that call upon his name; they called upon the LORD, and he answered them.
# He spake unto them in the cloudy pillar: they kept his testimonies, and the ordinance that he gave them.
# Thou answeredst them, O LORD our God: thou wast a God that forgavest them, though thou tookest vengeance of their inventions.
# Exalt the LORD our God, and worship at his holy hill; for the LORD our God is holy.

==Commentary==
This psalm is the last of the "enthronement psalms" ([[Psalm 47]]; [[Psalm 93|93]]; [[Psalm 96|96]]–99). It begins with the familiar statement, 'YHWH is king', followed by references to justice and righteousness (verse 4), the [[Covenant (biblical)|covenant]] with its moral demands (verses 4,7), centering upon [[Zion]] (verse 2; cf. 'his holy mountain', verse 9).<ref name=rodd/>

Some similarities with Deutero-Isaiah are on the call for nations to tremble before God. It is unique in naming Moses, Aaron, and Samuel, the "three great intercessors" (cf. {{bibleverse|Exodus|32:11–14|HE}}, {{bibleverse-nb|Exodus|31–4|HE}}; {{bibleverse|Numbers|12:13|HE}}; {{bibleverse-nb|Numbers|14:13–19|HE}}; {{bibleverse-nb|Numbers|16:44–8|HE}}; {{bibleverse|1 Samuel|7:7–11|HE}}) and featuring the threefold 'Holy' (verses 3, 5, 9).<ref name=rodd/> "God's footstool" in verse 5 may allude 'the ark' ({{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|28:2|HE}}), 'the temple, Jerusalem' ({{bibleverse|Lamentations|2:1|HE}}), or 'the whole earth' ({{bibleverse|Isaiah|66:1|HE}}).<ref name=rodd/>

[[File:Psalm 99, Tel Aviv 2018.jpg|right|thumb|240px|Psalm 99:4 on a building in Tel Aviv (2018). Text in German and Arabic.]]

==Uses==

===Judaism===
*It is recited in its entirety as the fifth paragraph of [[Kabbalat Shabbat]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 312</ref>
*Verse 3 is part of [[Et Shem]] in the [[Shema Yisrael#Accompanying blessings|Blessings before the Shema]] during [[Shacharit]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 87</ref>
*Verses 5 and 9 are recited in succession during the early part of [[Pesukei Dezimra]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 62</ref> These verses are also recited by the congregation when the [[Torah scroll]] is taken out of the [[Torah ark|ark]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 141</ref>
*Verse 6 is found in the [[Foundation of Repentance]] recited on the eve of [[Rosh Hashanah]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah page 13</ref>
* According to Siddur Avodas Yisrael, Psalm 99 should be read as an additional "Psalm of the Day" on Sabbath Parshat Shemot.

==Songs==
The following songs are based on Psalm 99 or contain part of the Psalm:
* He sits enthroned – Sons of Korah
* Holy Is He – Jason Silver

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 99}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|99|HE}} in Hebrew and English – Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|99|KJV}} King James Bible – Wikisource
*[http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=194 Recording of the second half of the psalm as sung during Kabbalat Shabbat]
*[http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=143 Recording of the last verse of the song, as sung by the congregation when the Torah scroll is taken out of the Ark]

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|099]]

Psalm 98

2021-03-05T04:39:57Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|97}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 98
| subtitle = "O sing unto the Lord a new song"
| type =
| image = Psalm 97, Cantate domino canticum novum, quia mirabilia fecit, King David and a woman (Ecclesia?) offering him a chalice - Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine (ca. 1185) - KB 76 F 13, folium 117v.jpg
| alt =
| image_upright = 1.3
| caption = Beginning of ''Cantate Domino'', with an illuminated letter C in the Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine (c. 1185)
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 97
* "Cantate Domino"
* "Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied"
}}
| related = {{hlist | [[Psalm 96]] | [[Psalm 149]] }}
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 98''' is the 98th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "O sing unto the Lord a new song; for he hath done marvellous things". The Book of Psalms starts the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], and, as such, is a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible, and in the Latin [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 97'''. In [[Latin language|Latin]], it is known as "Cantate Domino".<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps97.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 97 (98)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps83.htm |date=7 May 2017 }} medievalist.net</ref> The psalm is a [[Psalms#Primary types|hymn psalm]], one of the [[Royal Psalms]], praising God as the King of His people.

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant liturgies. It has inspired hymns such as "[[Joy to the World]]" and "[[Nun singt ein neues Lied dem Herren]]", and has been set to music often, including by [[Claudio Monteverdi]], [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]], [[Dieterich Buxtehude]] and [[Antonín Dvořák]] who set it in Czech in his ''[[Biblical Songs]]''.

==Background and themes==
Psalm 98 describes God's redemption of Israel and the rejoicing that will ensue.<ref name=ency/> It also features many expressions and [[History of music in the biblical period#Musical instruments|instruments of music]] and song.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shirchadash.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/23-Psalm-98.pdf|title=The Psalms of our Prayerbook: Psalm 98|author=Rabbi Silver|publisher=shirchadash.org|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> According to the [[Tanhuma|Midrash Tanchuma]], Psalm 98 is the tenth and final song that the Jewish people will sing after the final redemption. Grammatically, the reference to a ''shir chadash'' ({{lang-he|שיר חדש}}, a new song) in verse 1 is a masculine construction, in contrast to the ''shira'' ({{lang-he|שירה}}, song) mentioned throughout the [[Tanakh]], a feminine construction. Thus, the [[Midrash]] teaches that the ''shir chadash'' is a song of the future.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.torchweb.org/torah_detail.php?id=359|title=The Final Song|publisher=Torch|year=2015|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref>

==Text==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text and English translation of Psalm 98:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16319/jewish/Chapter-98.htm?gclid=CjwKCAjwmufZBRBJEiwAPJ3LprhVd9i-edfQ_0bHu48PQKgNfSc69Glm_hczjJfVuackKtIBjwS0oxoCCCMQAvD_BwE#v=9|title=Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 98|publisher=[[Chabad|Chabad.org]]|year=2018|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
! English
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | מִזְמ֡וֹר שִׁ֚ירוּ לַֽיהֹוָ֨ה | שִׁ֥יר חָדָ֗שׁ כִּֽי־נִפְלָא֥וֹת עָשָׂ֑ה הוֹשִֽׁיעָה־לּ֥וֹ יְ֜מִינ֗וֹ וּזְר֥וֹעַ קָדְשֽׁוֹ
| A song. Sing to the Lord a new song, for He performed wonders; His right hand and His holy arm have saved Him.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | ההוֹדִ֣יעַ יְ֖הֹוָה יְשֽׁוּעָת֑וֹ לְעֵינֵ֥י הַ֜גּוֹיִ֗ם גִּלָּ֥ה צִדְקָתֽוֹ
| The Lord has made known His salvation; to the eyes of the nations He has revealed His righteousness.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | זָ֘כַ֚ר חַסְדּ֨וֹ | וֶֽאֱמֽוּנָתוֹ֘ לְבֵ֪ית יִשְׂרָ֫אֵ֥ל רָא֥וּ כָל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ אֵ֜֗ת יְשׁוּעַ֥ת אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ
| He remembered His kindness and His faith to the house of Israel; all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" |הָרִ֣יעוּ לַֽ֖יהֹוָה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ פִּצְח֖וּ וְרַנְּנ֣וּ וְזַמֵּֽרוּ
| Shout to the Lord, all the earth, open [your mouths] and sing praises and play music.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | זַמְּר֣וּ לַֽיהֹוָ֣ה בְּכִנּ֑וֹר בְּ֜כִנּ֗וֹר וְק֣וֹל זִמְרָֽה
| Play to the Lord with a harp, with a harp and a voice of song.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | בַּֽחֲצֹֽצְרוֹת וְק֣וֹל שׁוֹפָ֑ר הָ֜רִ֗יעוּ לִפְנֵ֚י | הַמֶּ֬לֶךְ יְהֹוָֽה
| With trumpets and the sound of a shofar, raise your voices before the King, the Lord.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | יִרְעַ֣ם הַ֖יָּם וּמְלֹא֑וֹ תֵּ֜בֵ֗ל וְי֣שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ
| The sea and the fullness thereof will roar, the inhabited world and the inhabitants thereof.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | נְהָר֥וֹת יִמְחֲאוּ־כָ֑ף יַ֜֗חַד הָרִ֥ים יְרַנֵּֽנוּ
| Rivers will clap hands; together mountains will sing praises.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | לִֽפְ֥נֵי־יְהֹוָ֗ה כִּ֥י בָא֘ לִשְׁפֹּ֪ט הָ֫אָ֥רֶץ יִשְׁפֹּט־תֵּבֵ֥ל בְּצֶ֑דֶק וְ֜עַמִּ֗ים בְּמֵֽישָׁרִֽים
| Before the Lord, for He has come to judge the earth; He will judge the inhabited world justly and the peoples with equity.
|}

== King James Version ==
# O sing unto the Lord a new song; for he hath done marvellous things: his right hand, and his holy arm, hath gotten him the victory.
# The Lord hath made known his salvation: his righteousness hath he openly shewed in the sight of the heathen.
# He hath remembered his mercy and his truth toward the house of Israel: all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God.
# Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all the earth: make a loud noise, and rejoice, and sing praise.
# Sing unto the Lord with the harp; with the harp, and the voice of a psalm
# With trumpets and sound of cornet make a joyful noise before the Lord, the King.
# Let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein.
# Let the floods clap their hands: let the hills be joyful together
# Before the Lord; for he cometh to judge the earth: with righteousness shall he judge the world, and the people with equity.

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Psalm 98 is the fourth of six psalms recited during the [[Kabbalat Shabbat]] (Welcoming the [[Shabbat]]) service.<ref name=ency>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbuPJeQyeskC&pg=PA251|title=The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer: The Ashkenazic and Sephardic Rites|first=Macy|last=Nulman|year=1996|publisher=Jason Aronson|isbn=1461631246|page=251}}</ref> It is one of the additional psalms recited during [[Shacharit|the morning prayer]] on [[Shabbat]] in the [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardi]] tradition.<ref name=ency/> According to the [[David Abudirham|Abudraham]], this psalm corresponds to the seventh of the Ten Utterances of Creation, "Let the waters swarm" ({{bibleverse||Genesis|1:20|HE}}), corresponding to verse 7 of this psalm, "Let the sea roar".<ref name=ency/>

Verse 6 is one of the ten verses recited during the [[Mussaf]] [[Amidah]] on [[Rosh Hashana]] in the verses of ''Shofrot''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah|editor-last=Scherman|editor-first=Rabbi Nosson|year=1989|publisher=[[Artscroll|Mesorah Publications]]|isbn=0-89906-676-3|edition=5th|page=465}}</ref>

=== New Testament ===
Verse 3 is quoted in Mary's song of praise, the [[Magnificat]], in [[Luke 1|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|1:54|KJV}}.<ref>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

===Christianity===
The psalm may be recited as a [[canticle]] in the [[Church of England|Anglican]] [[liturgy]] of [[Evening Prayer (Anglican)|Evening Prayer]] according to the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' as an alternative to the [[Magnificat]], when it is referred to by its [[incipit]] as Cantate Domino. It is not included as a canticle in ''[[Common Worship]]'', but it does of course appear in the [[psalter]].

==Musical settings==
[[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] composed in 1679 - 80, one ''Cantate Domino'' H.176, for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments, and continuo. [[Michel Richard Delalande|Michel-Richard de Lalande]] composed one grand motet (S72) in 1720, [[Dieterich Buxtehude]], [[Nicolas Bernier]] and [[Claudio Monteverdi]] also. [[Loys Bourgeois]] set the Psalm in the [[Genevan Psalter]], with a melody used also for the German hymn "[[Nun singt ein neues Lied dem Herren]]" (1967) by Georg Thurmair.<ref name="Gotteslob">{{cite web
| url = https://www.mein-gotteslob.de/lieder/alle-lieder/gesaenge-leben/nun-singt-ein-neues-lied-dem-herren.html
| title = 551 ö / Nun singt ein neues Lied dem Herren (L) / Leben in der Kirche - Die himmlische Stadt
| website = mein-gotteslob.de
| language = de
| access-date = 1 November 2020
}}</ref> [[Georg Philipp Telemann]]'s [[Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied, TWV 1:1345|''Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied'', TWV 1:1345]] is a setting of Psalm 98.<ref name="RISM1345">{{RISM|210000114}}</ref><ref name="Carus1345">[https://www.carus-verlag.com/en/music-scores-and-recordings/georg-philipp-telemann-sing-to-the-lord-a-new-song.html Georg Philipp Telemann: Sing to the Lord a new song, Psalm 98, TVWV 1:1345] at [[Carus Verlag]] website.</ref> The Christmas carol "[[Joy to the World]]" is a lyrical adaptation of Psalm 98 written by [[Isaac Watts]] and set by [[Lowell Mason]] to a tune attributed to [[George Frideric Handel]]. The 1941 hymn "[[Singt dem Herrn ein neues Lied (Kempf)|Singt dem Herrn ein neues Lied]]" was also inspired by Psalm 98.

Czech composer [[Antonín Dvořák]] set part of Psalm 98 (together with part of [[Psalm 96]]) to music as No. 10 of his ''[[Biblical Songs]]'' in 1894. [[John Rutter]] set the psalm as the first movement of his choral work ''The Falcon''.<ref>Marc Rochester: [https://www.gramophone.co.uk/review/rutter-sacred-choral-works Rutter Sacred Choral Works] [[Gramophone (magazine)|Gramophone]] April 1992</ref> Settings were also written by [[David Conte]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cantate Domino|url=https://www.ecspublishing.com/cantate-domino.html|url-status=live|access-date=20 February 2021|website=ECS Publishing}}</ref> and by [[Arvo Pärt]] in Latin.<ref>[https://www.universaledition.com/arvo-part-534/works/cantate-domino-canticum-novum-1448 Arvo Pärt: Cantate Domino canticum novum] [[Universal Edition]]</ref>

[[Bernard Barrell]] composed ''Show Yourselves Joyful unto the Lord'', an anthem for female chorus and organ, Op. 130 (1993).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|Bible, King James, Psalms#Psalm 98|Psalm 98}}
{{commonscat}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 98}}
* [http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=193 A recording of a tune to the psalm used during the Kabbalat Shabbat service]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2698.htm Psalms Chapter 98] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/98 Sing a new song to the Lord, for he has done marvelous deeds.] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-98-1.html Psalm 98:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-98/ Psalm 98] enduringword.com
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/98?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 98] hymnary.org

{{Psalms}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Psalms|098]]

Psalm 97

2021-03-05T04:39:05Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|96}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 97 "The Lord is King"
| type = [[Psalms#Primary types|Hymn psalm]]
| image = Psalm 97, Cantate domino canticum novum, quia mirabilia fecit, King David and a woman (Ecclesia?) offering him a chalice - Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine (ca. 1185) - KB 76 F 13, folium 117v.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Psalm 97 in the Psalter of [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] (ca. 1185)
| language = Hebrew (original)
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 96 (Vulgate)
* "Dominus regnavit exultet terra"
}}
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 97''' is the 97th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "'''The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice'''", also as "'''The Lord is King'''". The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]],{{sfn|Mazor|2011|p=589}} and a book of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]]. In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 96'''. In Latin, it is known as "Dominus regnavit exultet terra".<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps96.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 96 (97)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps83.htm |date=7 May 2017 }} medievalist.net</ref> The psalm is a [[Psalms#Primary types|hymn psalm]].{{sfn|Pankhurst|2018}}

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music often, notably  by [[Otto Nicolai]] as a German [[motet]], and by [[Antonín Dvořák]] who set it in Czech in his ''[[Biblical Songs]]''.

== Text ==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 97:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope=col | Verse
! scope=col | Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | יְהֹוָ֣ה מָ֖לָךְ תָּגֵ֣ל הָאָ֑רֶץ יִ֜שְׂמְח֗וּ אִיִּ֥ים רַבִּֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | עָנָ֣ן וַֽעֲרָפֶ֣ל סְבִיבָ֑יו צֶ֥דֶק וּ֜מִשְׁפָּ֗ט מְכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | אֵשׁ לְפָנָ֣יו תֵּלֵ֑ךְ וּתְ֜לַהֵ֗ט סָבִ֥יב צָרָֽיו
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | הֵאִ֣ירוּ בְרָקָ֣יו תֵּבֵ֑ל רָֽאֲתָ֖ה וַתָּחֵ֣ל הָאָֽרֶץ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | הָרִ֗ים כַּדּוֹנַ֗ג נָ֖מַסּוּ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה מִ֜לִּפְנֵ֗י אֲד֣וֹן כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | הִגִּ֣ידוּ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם צִדְק֑וֹ וְרָא֖וּ כָל־הָֽעַמִּ֣ים כְּבוֹדֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | יֵבֹ֚֗שׁוּ | כָּל־עֹ֥בְדֵי פֶ֗סֶל הַמִּתְהַלְלִ֥ים בָּֽאֱלִילִ֑ים הִשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־ל֜֗וֹ כָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | שָֽׁמְעָ֚ה וַתִּשְׂמַ֨ח | צִיּ֗וֹן וַ֖תָּגֵלְנָה בְּנ֣וֹת יְהוּדָ֑ה לְמַ֖עַן מִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ יְהֹוָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֚ה יְהֹוָ֗ה עֶלְי֥וֹן עַל־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ מְאֹ֥ד נַֽ֜עֲלֵ֗יתָ עַל־כָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" | אֹֽהֲבֵ֥י יְהֹוָ֗ה שִׂנְא֫וּ רָ֥ע שֹׁ֖מֵר נַפְשׁ֣וֹת חֲסִידָ֑יו מִיַּ֥ד רְ֜שָׁעִ֗ים יַצִּילֵֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | א֖וֹר זָרֻ֣עַ לַצַּדִּ֑יק וּלְיִשְׁרֵי־לֵ֥ב שִׂמְחָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | שִׂמְח֣וּ צַ֖דִּיקִים בַּֽיהֹוָ֑ה וְ֜הוֹד֗וּ לְזֵ֣כֶר קָדְשֽׁוֹ
|-
|}

=== King James Version ===
# The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of isles be glad thereof.
# Clouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne.
# A fire goeth before him, and burneth up his enemies round about.
# His lightnings enlightened the world: the earth saw, and trembled.
# The hills melted like wax at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the Lord of the whole earth.
# The heavens declare his righteousness, and all the people see his glory.
# Confounded be all they that serve graven images, that boast themselves of idols: worship him, all ye gods.
# Zion heard, and was glad; and the daughters of Judah rejoiced because of thy judgments, O Lord.
# For thou, LORD, art high above all the earth: thou art exalted far above all gods.
# Ye that love the LORD, hate evil: he preserveth the souls of his saints; he delivereth them out of the hand of the wicked.
# Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.
# Rejoice in the Lord, ye righteous; and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness.

===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).<ref>*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]] |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | pages=35-37 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
</ref>

The extant [[palimpsest]] [[AqTaylor|Aq{{sup|Taylor}}]] includes a translation into [[Koine Greek]] by [[Aquila of Sinope]] in c. 130 CE, containing verses 1–12.<ref>*{{cite book|title=The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i|first1=Emil|last1=Schürer|first2=Geza|last2=Vermes|first3=Fergus|last3=Millar|publisher=A&C Black|year=2014|isbn=9780567604521|page=497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJxaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA497}}</ref>

==Themes==
Psalm 97 foreshadows the messianic era when God will reign supreme over the earth. Its verses reference God's sovereignty, his enactment of justice, and the widespread rejoicing that will ensue.<ref name=ency/><ref name=harel>{{cite web |url=http://harel.org/psalm-97/|title=Psalm 97|first=Philip|last=Gibbs|publisher=HarEl|date=23 November 2017|access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Psalm 97 is the third of six psalms recited during the [[Kabbalat Shabbat]] (Welcoming the [[Shabbat]]) service.<ref name=teach>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFFqidUW6esC&pg=PA87|title=Teaching Tefilah: Insights and Activities on Prayer|first1=Bruce |last1=Kadden|first2=Barbara Binder |last2=Kadden|year=2004|publisher=Behrman House|isbn=0867050861|page=87}}</ref> These six psalms represent the six days of the week, with Psalm 97 corresponding to the third day (Tuesday).<ref name=ency>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbuPJeQyeskC&pg=PA161|title=The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer: The Ashkenazic and Sephardic Rites|first=Macy|last=Nulman|year=1996|publisher=Jason Aronson|isbn=1461631246|page=161}}</ref>

Verse 11 of the psalm, "Light is sown for the righteous...", is recited by [[Ashkenazi Jews]] at the start of the [[Kol Nidre]] service on [[Yom Kippur]].<ref name=ency/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CX3EFLa4dmAC&pg=PA81|title=The Book of Our Heritage|first=Eliyahu|last=Kitov|author-link=Eliyahu Kitov|year=1999|publisher=Feldheim Publishers|isbn=0873067681|page=81}}</ref>

Verse 11 is also one of the verses which the ''[[Shulchan Aruch]]'' (Code of Jewish Law) advises a person to say if he is having trouble falling asleep.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D3DLtspv7u4C&pg=PA557|title=Jewish Spiritual Practices|first=Yitzhak|last=Buxbaum|year=1999|publisher=Jason Aronson|isbn=1568212062|page=557}}</ref>

===New Testament===
In the [[Letter to the Hebrews]] in the [[New Testament]], {{bibleverse||Hebrews|1:5-13|NKJV}} relates a number of scriptural proofs that "the Son is greater than the [[angel]]s",<ref>Jerusalem Bible (1966), sub-heading at Hebrews 1:5</ref> including at verse 6, ''And let all the angels of God worship him''.<ref>{{bibleverse||Hebrews|1:6|KJV}}</ref> The [[Masoretic text]] version of Psalm 97:7 reads ''worship him, all ye gods'' but the Septuagint equivalent reads "προσκυνήσατε αὐτῷ πάντες οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ", ''worship him, all ye his angels''. Biblical commentator [[A. F. Kirkpatrick]] suggests that the Hebrews quotation may have come from Psalm 97:7 or alternatively from the Septuagint expansion of {{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|32:43}}.<ref>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/psalms/97.htm | access-date= January 9, 2021}}</ref>

==Musical settings==
Heinrich Schütz set the psalm in German as part of his setting of the [[Becker Psalter]], which he published in 1628. Titled "Der Herr ist König überall" (The lord is King everywhere), it is catalogued as [[Schütz-Werke-Verzeichnis|SWV]] 195. [[Henri Desmarets|Henry Desmarest]] composed one grand motet "''Dominus regnant"'' (unknown date). [[Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville]] composed one grand motet "''Dominus regnavit"'' in 1734. [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] based the first movement of a wedding cantata, [[Dem Gerechten muß das Licht, BWV 195|''Dem Gerechten muß das Licht'', BWV 195]], on {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Psalms|chapter=97|verse=11|range=–12}} in possibly in 1727.{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2005|pp=753–757}} [[Friedrich Ludwig Benda]] set the psalm in German as a [[cantata]] for three soloists, choir and orchestra in 1786.{{sfn|Benda|2018}} [[Otto Nicolai]] set Psalm 97 in German as a psalm motet for choir [[a cappella]] with solo passages, "Der Herr ist König" (The Lord is King) in 1832, published by [[Bote & Bock]] in Berlin in 1977.{{sfn|Nicolai|2018}} [[Antonín Dvořák]] set verses 2–6 in Czech to music in No. 1 of his ''[[Biblical Songs]]'', Op. 99, in 1894.{{sfn|Dvorak|2018}}<ref>{{IMSLP|work=Biblical Songs, Op.99 (Dvořák, Antonín)|cname=Biblical Songs, Op.99 (Dvořák, Antonín)}}</ref>

Works for [[Anglican church music|Anglican services]] include a setting by [[Joseph Barnby]], ''The Lord is King''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Cited sources ==
* {{cite book
| last = Dürr
| first = Alfred
| author-link = Alfred Dürr
| last2 = Jones
| first2 = Richard D. P.
| author-link2 = Richard D. P. Jones
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m9JuwslMcq4C&pg=PA753
| title = The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| year = 2005
| pages = 753–757
| isbn = 978-0-19-816707-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mazor
| first = Lea
| editor1-last = Berlin
| editor1-first = Adele
| editor2-last = Grossman
| editor2-first = Maxine
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=hKAaJXvUaUoC&pg=PA589
| title = Book of Psalms
| work = The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 2011
| isbn = 978-0-19-973004-9
}}

* {{cite web
| last = Pankhurst
| first = Jennifer
| url = https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-conventions-of-biblical-poetry/
| title = The Conventions of Biblical Poetry
| website = myjewishlearning.com
| year = 2018
| access-date = 3 April 2018
}}

* {{cite web
| url = https://www.renaissance-musikverlag.de/komponisten/friedrich-ludwig-benda/der-97-psalm/
| title = Der 97. Psalm
| publisher = Renaissance Musikverlag
| year = 2018
| access-date = 1 July 2018
| ref = {{sfnref|Benda|2018}}
}}

* {{cite web
| url = http://www.antonin-dvorak.cz/en/biblical-songs
| title = Biblical Songs
| website = antonin-dvorak.cz
| year = 2018
| access-date = 1 July 2018
| ref = {{sfnref|Dvorak|2018}}
}}

* {{cite web
| url = https://www.carus-verlag.com/en/choir/sacred-choral-music/otto-nicolai-psalm-97.html#
| title = Psalm 97
| publisher = [[Carus-Verlag|Carus]]
| year = 2018
| access-date = 1 July 2018
| ref = {{sfnref|Nicolai|2018}}
}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal
| last = Peters
| first = John P.
| jstor = 4617110
| title = Notes on Some Ritual Uses of the Psalms
| journal = Journal of Biblical Literature
| volume = 29
| number = 2
| year = 1910
| pages = 113–125
}}

==External links==
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 97|Psalm 97}}
{{commonscat}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 97}}
* [http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=192 Ps.97: Adonai Malach Tagel Ha-aretz יי מלך תגל הארץ] Recording of the last five verses of the Psalm as sung in Kabbalat Shabbat]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2697.htm Psalms Chapter 97] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/97 The Lord is king; let the earth rejoice] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-97-1.html Psalm 97:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-97/ Psalm 97] enduringword.com
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/97?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 97] hymnary.org

{{Psalms}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Psalms|097]]

Psalm 96

2021-03-05T04:38:36Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|95}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 96
| subtitle = "Sing a new song unto the Lord"
| type = [[Royal psalms|Royal psalm]]
| image = Stundenbuch der Maria von Burgund Wien cod. 1857 Engel.jpg
| alt =
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = Beginning of ''Cantate Domino'' in the [[Hours of Mary of Burgundy]], 1477
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* "Cantate Domino"
* "Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied"
* "Laetentur caeli"
}}
| related = {{hlist | [[Psalm 98]] | [[Psalm 149]] }}
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 96''' is the 96th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], a [[Psalms#Primary types|hymn]]. The first verse of the psalm calls to praise in singing, "O sing a new song unto the Lord". Similar to [[Psalm 98]] ("Cantate Domino") and [[Psalm 149]], the psalm calls to praise God in music and dance, because he has chosen his people and helped them to victory. It is one of the [[royal psalms]] praising God as the King of His people. In the slightly different numbering system used by the Greek [[Septuagint]] and the Latin [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 95'''.

The psalm is a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, and Anglican [[Liturgy|liturgies]]. The Latin conclusion, "'''Laetentur caeli'''", is used during the Christmas night liturgy. The psalm or verses of it have been paraphrased to hymns, and it has been set to music often, notably by [[Handel]] in his ''[[Chandos Anthems]]'', by [[Mendelssohn]] who quoted from it in a movement of his choral symphony ''[[Lobgesang]]'', and [[Zoltán Gárdonyi]] as part of three motets. "[[Joy to the World]]" is among the hymns based on Psalm 96.

==Background and themes==
According to [[David Kimhi|Radak]], this psalm was composed by [[David]] when he brought the [[Ark of the Covenant]] up to Jerusalem. On this day, David composed two songs – ''[[Songs of thanksgiving (pesukei dezimra)#Hodu|Hodu]]'', and "Sing to the Lord, the entire earth" (verse 2 of this psalm, which is also recorded in {{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|16:23|HE}}). As recounted in {{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|16:7|HE}}, David instructed [[Psalms of Asaph|Asaph]] and his brothers to sing these songs daily. ''Hodu'' was sung before the Ark every morning, and Psalm 96 was sung before the Ark every afternoon, until the time the [[Temple in Jerusalem|Temple]] was constructed and the Ark was moved into it.{{sfn|Rubin|2005|p=284}}

In Hebrew, this psalm is known as ''Shiru Lashem'' ("Sing to the Lord"), and repeats the word "sing" three times. According to the [[Midrash Tehillim]], these three instances allude to the three daily prayer services "when Israel sings praises to God". They are: ''[[Shacharit]]'', the morning prayer, corresponding to "Sing a new song to the Lord" (verse 1); ''[[Mincha]]'', the afternoon prayer, corresponding to "Sing to the Lord, all the earth" (verse 1); and ''[[Maariv]]'', the evening prayer, corresponding to "Sing to the Lord, bless His Name" (verse 2).{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=307}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.matsati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Midrash-Tehillim-Psalms-96.pdf|title=Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 96|publisher=matsati.com|access-date=6 January 2019}}</ref>

In Christian scholarship, Psalm 96 is a "missionary hymn".<ref name=spurgeon>{{cite web |url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=96|title=Charles H. Spurgeon's Treasury of David|publisher=Christianity.com|year=2019|access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref> It is specifically paired with [[Psalm 95]], which described "Israel's hard-heartedness" toward God in the desert. Christian scholars assert that Israel employed that same hard-heartedness to reject Jesus as the Messiah, so now the Christians have the task of declaring [[the gospel]] to the world.<ref name=spurgeon/><ref>{{cite web |url= https://bible.org/seriespage/psalm-96-worshiping-witnessing-waiting |title= Psalm 96: Worshiping, Witnessing, Waiting |first=Steven J.|last=Cole|year=2009|access-date=7 January 2018|work=bible.org}}</ref> [[Matthew Henry]] interprets verses 10 to 13 in this psalm as instructions of what to say for those who preach the gospel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=mh&b=19&c=96 |title=Matthew Henry Bible Commentary|first=Matthew|last=Henry|author-link=Matthew Henry|publisher=Christianity.com|year=2019|access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref>

Biblical scholars note numerous thematic and structural similarities between Psalm 96 and [[Psalm 97]], which are both "Kingship of YHWH" psalms.{{sfn|Howard Jr.|1997|pages=141–4}}

== Text ==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 96:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope=col| Verse
! scope=col| Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | שִׁ֣ירוּ לַֽ֖יהֹוָה שִׁ֥יר חָדָ֑שׁ שִׁ֥ירוּ לַֽ֜יהֹוָ֗ה כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | שִׁ֣ירוּ לַ֖יהֹוָה בָּֽרֲכ֣וּ שְׁמ֑וֹ בַּשְּׂר֥וּ מִיּֽוֹם־לְ֜י֗וֹם יְשֽׁוּעָתֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | סַפְּר֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֣ם כְּבוֹד֑וֹ בְּכָל־הָֽ֜עַמִּ֗ים נִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" |כִּ֥י גָ֘ד֚וֹל יְהֹוָ֣ה וּמְהֻלָּ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד נוֹרָ֥א ה֜֗וּא עַל־כָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֚י | כָּל־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָעַמִּ֣ים אֱלִילִ֑ים וַֽ֜יהֹוָ֗ה שָׁמַ֥יִם עָשָֽׂה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | הוֹד־וְהָדָ֥ר לְפָנָ֑יו עֹ֥ז וְ֜תִפְאֶ֗רֶת בְּמִקְדָּשֽׁוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | הָב֣וּ לַֽ֖יהֹוָה מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת עַמִּ֑ים הָב֥וּ לַֽ֜יהֹוָ֗ה כָּב֥וֹד וָעֹֽז
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | הָב֣וּ לַֽ֖יהֹוָה כְּב֣וֹד שְׁמ֑וֹ שְׂא֥וּ מִ֜נְחָ֗ה וּבֹ֥אוּ לְחַצְרוֹתָֽיו
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | הִשְׁתַּֽחֲו֣וּ לַֽ֖יהֹוָה בְּהַדְרַת־קֹ֑דֶשׁ חִ֥ילוּ מִ֜פָּנָ֗יו כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" | אִמְר֚וּ בַגּוֹיִ֨ם | יְה֘וָ֚ה מָלָ֗ךְ אַף־תִּכּ֣וֹן תֵּבֵ֣ל בַּל־תִּמּ֑וֹט יָדִ֥ין עַ֜מִּ֗ים בְּמֵֽישָׁרִֽים
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | יִשְׂמְח֣וּ הַ֖שָּׁמַיִם וְתָגֵ֣ל הָאָ֑רֶץ יִרְעַ֥ם הַ֜יָּ֗ם וּמְלֹאֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | יַֽעֲלֹ֣ז שָׂ֖דַי וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ אָ֥ז יְ֜רַנְּנ֗וּ כָּל־עֲצֵי־יָֽעַר
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | לִפְנֵ֚י יְהֹוָ֨ה | כִּ֬י בָ֗א כִּ֥י בָא֘ לִשְׁפֹּ֪ט הָ֫אָ֥רֶץ יִשְׁפֹּט־תֵּבֵ֥ל בְּצֶ֑דֶק וְ֜עַמִּ֗ים בֶּאֱמֽוּנָתֽוֹ
|-
|}

===King James Version===
#O sing unto the {{Lord}} a new song: sing unto the {{Lord}}, all the earth.
#Sing unto the {{Lord}}, bless his name; shew forth his salvation from day to day.
#Declare his glory among the heathen, his wonders among all people.
#For the {{Lord}} is great, and greatly to be praised: he is to be feared above all gods.
#For all the gods of the nations are idols: but the {{Lord}} made the heavens.
#Honour and majesty are before him: strength and beauty are in his sanctuary.
#Give unto the {{Lord}}, O ye kindreds of the people, give unto the {{Lord}} glory and strength.
#Give unto the {{Lord}} the glory due unto his name: bring an offering, and come into his courts.
#O worship the {{Lord}} in the beauty of holiness: fear before him, all the earth.
#Say among the heathen that the {{Lord}} reigneth: the world also shall be established that it shall not be moved: he shall judge the people righteously.
#Let the heavens rejoice, and let the earth be glad; let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof.
#Let the field be joyful, and all that is therein: then shall all the trees of the wood rejoice
#Before the {{Lord}}: for he cometh, for he cometh to judge the earth: he shall judge the world with righteousness, and the people with his truth.

===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).<ref>*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]] |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | pages=35-37 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
</ref>

The extant [[palimpsest]] [[AqTaylor|Aq{{sup|Taylor}}]] includes a translation into [[Koine Greek]] by [[Aquila of Sinope]] in c. 130 CE, containing verses 7–13.<ref>*{{cite book|title=The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i|first1=Emil|last1=Schürer|first2=Geza|last2=Vermes|first3=Fergus|last3=Millar|publisher=A&C Black|year=2014|isbn=9780567604521|page=497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJxaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA497}}</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Psalm 96 is the second of six psalms recited during the [[Kabbalat Shabbat]] (Welcoming the [[Shabbat]]) service.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFFqidUW6esC&pg=PA87|title=Teaching Tefilah: Insights and Activities on Prayer|first1=Bruce |last1=Kadden|first2=Barbara Binder |last2=Kadden|year=2004|publisher=Behrman House|isbn=0867050861|page=87}}</ref> These six psalms represent the six days of the week, with Psalm 96 corresponding to the second day of the week (Monday).{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=225}}

Verses 4 and 9 are part of [[Selichot]].<ref name=shim>{{cite web |url=https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=44}}</ref>

Psalm 96 is recited to increase joy among family members.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytehillim.com/Default.aspx?CategoryOption=True|title=Emotions/Fear/Behavior|work=Daily Tehillim|access-date=6 January 2019}}</ref>

===Catholicism===
The final three verses in Latin, "Laetentur caeli", comprise the [[offertory]] antiphon used in the [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] During the Night for [[Christmas|the Nativity of the Lord]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ccwatershed.org/goupil/|title=Gregorian Propers • St. René Goupil Gradual|website=Corpus Christi Watershed|language=en|access-date=2019-02-04}}</ref>

== Musical settings ==
Calling to sing, Psalm 96 has been paraphrased to hymns, and set to music often. "Laetentur caeli" (vv. 11–13 of the Psalm) was set by [[Orlande de Lassus]] for four parts,<ref>{{CPDL|work=Laetentur coeli (Orlando di Lasso)|Laetentur coeli (Orlando di Lasso)}}</ref> and by [[Giovanni Bassano]] for double choir,<ref>{{CPDL|work=Laetentur coeli a 8 (Giovanni Bassano)|Laetentur coeli a 8 (Giovanni Bassano)}}</ref> among others.<ref>{{CPDL|work=Laetentur caeli|Laetentur caeli}}</ref> [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]] set the psalm around 1712,<ref>{{IMSLP|work=O Sing unto the Lord a New Song, HWV 249a (Handel, George Frideric)|cname=O Sing unto the Lord a New Song, HWV 249a (Handel, George Frideric)}}</ref> and a movement of his ''[[Chandos Anthems]]'' in 1717 or 1718.<ref>[http://www.emmanuelmusic.org/notes_translations/translations_other/t_handel_h253.htm G. F. Handel: "O Come Let Us Sing Unto the Lord," H. 253 (Chandos Anthem 8)] [[Emmanuel Music]]</ref> German settings of the Baroque era:
* [[Heinrich Schütz]] set Psalm 96 in German, "Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied", for choir as part of his composition of the [[Becker Psalter]], SWV 194.<ref>[https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5952/ Schütz, Heinrich / Der Beckersche Psalter SWV 97a-256a] [[Bärenreiter]]</ref>
* [[Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied (Hoffmann)|''Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied'']], previously attributed to [[Georg Philipp Telemann]] as [[TWV]] 1:1748,<ref>{{IMSLP|work=Singet dem Herrn, TWV 1:1748 (Telemann, Georg Philipp)|cname=Singet dem Herrn, TWV 1:1748}}</ref> is [[Melchior Hoffmann (composer)|Melchior Hoffmann]]'s 1708 setting of Psalm 96, as a [[Church cantata#New Year (1 January)|church cantata for New Year's Day]].<ref>{{RISM|150204809}}; {{RISM|452014932}}</ref>
* Telemann's [[Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied, TWV 7:30|''Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied'', TWV 7:30]] is a setting of Psalm 96.<ref>{{ChoralWiki|Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied (Georg Philipp Telemann)|description=Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied (Georg Philipp Telemann)}}</ref><ref>[http://www.musiqueorguequebec.ca/catal/telemann/telgp02.html#sec07 Georg Philipp Telemann – ''Catalogue TWV'' – 02–15: Cantates diverses – 07. Psaumes] at {{url|www.musiqueorguequebec.ca}} website.</ref><ref>{{RISM|452513236}}</ref>

In the 19th century, [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]] quoted from Psalm 96 in movement 10 of his choral symphony ''[[Lobgesang]]'' on biblical texts in 1810. Czech composer Antonín Dvořák quoted the psalm, combined with verses of [[Psalm 98]], in the final movement of his ''[[Biblical Songs]]'' of 1894.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.antonin-dvorak.cz/en/biblical-songs |title=Biblical Songs |website=antonin-dvorak.cz |access-date=11 September 2016}}</ref>

In the 20th century, [[Zoltán Gárdonyi]] set Psalm 96 as part of three [[motets]] in German, "Singet dem Herren", for mixed choir [[a cappella]], along with a Finnish song and [[Psalm 23]], published by [[Schott Music|Schott]].<ref name="Schott" /> [[James MacMillan]] wrote "A New Song" in 1997, with lyrics taken from this Psalm.<ref>{{cite web |title=James MacMillan - A New Song |url=https://www.boosey.com/cr/music/James-MacMillan-A-New-Song/6849 |website=Boosey & Hawkes |access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref>

Hymns referring to the psalm include the 1901 "[[This Is My Father's World]]", the Christmas carol "[[Joy to the World]]", and "Sing to the Lord a new made song".<ref>[https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/96?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 96] hymnary.org</ref> Music inspired by the psalm also includes a [[gospel blues]] by [[Blind Willie Johnson]], "[[Church, I'm Fully Saved To-Day]]",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wirz.de/music/johbwfrm.htm |title=Blind Willie Johnson discography |last=Wirz |first=Stefan |access-date=10 February 2015 }}</ref> based on the hymn "Fully Saved Today".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hymnary.org/text/i_am_fully_saved_today |title=Fully Saved Today |website=hymnary.org |access-date=31 January 2015 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist
| refs =

<ref name="Schott">{{cite web
| url = https://en.schott-music.com/shop/drei-motetten-no373771.html
| title = Three motets
| year = 2011
| publisher = [[Schott Music|Schott]]
| access-date = 31 August 2011
}}</ref>
}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3v97FbYO-XkC&pg=PA141|title=The Structure of Psalms 93–100|first=David M.|last=Howard Jr.|year=1997|publisher=Eisenbrauns|isbn= 9781575060095}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbuPJeQyeskC&pg=PA307|title=The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer: The Ashkenazic and Sephardic Rites|first=Macy|last=Nulman|year=1996|publisher=Jason Aronson|isbn=1461631246}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LhjuVHhKBbIC&pg=PA284 |title=Talelei Oros: The Prayer Anthology| first=Rav Yissachar Dov|last=Rubin|year=2005|publisher=Feldheim Publishers|isbn=9781583307618}}

== External links ==
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 96|Psalm 96}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 96|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 96}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 96}}
* Text of Psalm 96 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm96.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2696.htm Psalms Chapter 96] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/96 Sing to the LORD a new song; / sing to the LORD, all the earth.] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-96-1.html Psalm 96:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-96/ Psalm 96 – Declaring the Glory of God to the Entire World] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-96 Psalm 96 / Refrain: O worship the Lord in the beauty of holiness.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20096 Psalm 96] at biblegateway.com
* [http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=191 A tune for Kabbalat Shabbat], on the Zemirot Database
* [https://www.unitedfaithchurch.org/honoring-the-king-ascribe-to-the-lord/ Psalm 96 Christian Sermon]

{{Psalms}}
[[Category:Psalms|096]]

Psalm 95

2021-03-05T04:37:59Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|94}}
[[File:Воспойте Господеви песнь нову (псалом 95).jpeg|thumb|Psalm 95]]
'''Psalm 95''' ([[Septuagint|Greek]] numbering: '''Psalm 94''') is part of the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. It is one of the ''Royal Psalms'', [[Psalm 93]]-[[Psalm 99|99]], praising God as the King of His people. Psalm 95 identifies no author, but [[Hebrews 4:7]] attributes it to [[David]].<ref>{{cite book|last= Peterson |first= David |author-link= David G. Peterson | chapter= Hebrews |editor-last=Carson |editor-first=D. A. |title=New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition|editor-link= D. A. Carson| editor-last2= France |editor-first2= R. T. | editor2-link= R. T. France |editor-first3=J. A. |editor-last3= Motyer | editor3-link = J. Alec Motyer| editor-first4= G. J. |editor-last4= Wenham | editor4-link = Gordon Wenham| edition=4, illustrated, reprint, revised| publisher= Inter-Varsity Press | date= 1994| isbn = 9780851106489 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uveHQgAACAAJ |pages = 1322}}. Quote: "...acknowledging David as the writer of Ps. 95, Hebrews insists that the Holy Spirit was the primary author ({{bibleref2-nb|Hebrews|4:7; 3:7|NKJV}})"</ref> The Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible also claims David as author. In the Septuagint and in its Latin translation [[the Vulgate]], this psalm is ''Psalm 94'' following a slightly different numbering system.

==Uses==

===Judaism===
*Is the opening paragraph of [[Kabbalat Shabbat]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 308</ref>
*Is recited on [[Shabbat Hagadol]].<ref>The Artscroll Tehillim page 329</ref>
*The first three verses are part of the psalm of the day for the [[Shir Shel Yom]] on [[Wednesday]], which is primarily [[Psalm 94|the previous psalm]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 164</ref> This is the only day of the week in which the song of the day is composed on verses from multiple psalms. These verses are recited by most congregations because of their inspiring message.<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 167</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
*Verses 7-11 are quoted in [[Hebrews 3|Hebrews]] {{bibleverse-nb|Hebrews|3:7-11, 15, 18|KJV}}; [[Hebrews 4|Hebrews]] {{bibleverse-nb|Hebrews|4:1, 3, 5|KJV}}[[Hebrews 4:7|, 7]]<ref>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

===Christianity===
In the [[Latin Psalters]] used by the [[Roman rite|Roman liturgy]] it forms the [[invitatory]] which is sung daily before [[matins]]. It may be sung as a [[canticle]] in the [[Church of England|Anglican]] and [[Lutheran]] liturgy of [[Morning Prayer (Anglican)|Morning Prayer]], when it is referred to by its [[incipit]] as the '''Venite''' or '''Venite, exultemus Domino''' (also '''A Song of Triumph''').

==Music==
[[Jean-Joseph de Mondonville|Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville]] set one grand motet "''Venite, exultemus"'' (before 1740).

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 95}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|95|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|95|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource
*[http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=154 Recordings of the first verse of the psalm, as sung during Kabbalat Shabbat].

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|095]]
[[Category:Works attributed to David]]

Psalm 94

2021-03-05T04:37:34Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|93}}
'''Psalm 94''' is the 94th [[psalm]] in the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Psalms]]. One of the ''Royal Psalms'', [[Psalm 93]]-[[Psalm 99|99]], praising God as the King of His people. In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is ''Psalm 93'' in a slightly different numbering system.

==Uses==

===Judaism===
*Is recited in its entirety, along with the first three verses of [[Psalm 95]], as the psalm of the day for the [[Shir Shel Yom]] of [[Wednesday]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 164</ref>
*Is recited on the fifth day of [[Sukkot]].<ref>The Artscroll Tehillim page 329</ref>
*Verse 1 is part of Mishnah [[Tamid]] 7:4.<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 479</ref>
*Verse 1-2 are the sixth and seventh verses of [[V'hu Rachum]] in [[Pesukei Dezimra]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 62</ref>
*Verse 14 is the sixteenth verse of [[Yehi Kivod]] in [[Pesukei Dezimra]]<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 66</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
*Verse 11 is quoted in [[1 Corinthians 3|1 Corinthians]] {{bibleverse-nb|1 Corinthians|3:20|KJV}}<ref name=appkirkpatrick>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>
*Verse 14 is quoted in [[Romans 11|Romans ]] {{bibleverse-nb|Romans |11:1, 2|KJV}}<ref name=appkirkpatrick/>

===Music===
[[Franz Liszt]]'s student [[Julius Reubke]] wrote a massive ''[[Sonata on the 94th Psalm]]'' for organ. It is a staple of the organ repertoire.
===Literature===
Israeli historian [[Dina Porat]] titled her book about the [[Nakam]] group which sought revenge for the Holocaust "[[Vengeance and Retribution are Mine]]" to express her belief that humans should leave revenge for God.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aderet |first1=Ofer |title='An Eye for an Eye': The Jews Who Sought to Poison Six Million Germans to Avenge the Holocaust |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-an-eye-for-an-eye-jews-who-sought-to-kill-germans-in-revenge-for-the-holocaust-1.8094962 |access-date=15 November 2019 |work=Haaretz |date=8 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 94}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|94|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|94|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|094]]

Psalm 93

2021-03-05T04:37:02Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|92}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 93 "The Lord reigneth, he is clothed with majesty"
| type = [[Royal psalms|Royal psalm]]
| image = Plaque on Capel Penuel-Peniel at Peniel, Bachau - geograph.org.uk - 1399707.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = Verse 5 engraved in Welsh at [[Peniel Chapel]], [[Tremadog]], [[Gwynedd]], in 1811
| language = Hebrew (original)
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 92 (Vulgate)
* Dominus regnavit, decorem indutus est
}}
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 93''' is the 93rd [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse, in the [[King James Version]], "The Lord reigneth, he is clothed with majesty". The Book of Psalms is part of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]] and the Christian [[Old Testament]]. In the slightly different numbering system of the Greek [[Septuagint]] and Latin [[Vulgate]] versions of the Bible, this psalm is '''Psalm 92'''. Its Latin title is '''Dominus regnavit, decorem indutus est'''.<ref name="Mediavalist">[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps92.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 92 (93)] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170630210815/http://www.medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps92.htm |date=30 June 2017}} medievalist.net</ref> It is the first of a series of psalms (Psalms 93–99) which are called [[royal psalms]] as they praise God as King.{{sfn|Nelson|2018|p=855}}

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant worship. It has been set to music often throughout centuries. The Latin version was set by [[Hildegard of Bingen]], [[Josquin des Prez]], [[Jean-Joseph de Mondonville]] and [[Jules Van Nuffel]], among others. [[Heinrich Schütz]] and [[Ferdinand Hiller]] composed settings in German. [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]] used verses from the psalm for his [[Chandos Anthems|''Chandos Anthem'' No. 4]] for use in the Anglican Church.

==Background and themes==
The two main themes of Psalm 93 are God's kingship and a connection with Friday, the sixth day of the week (counting from Sunday). The [[Zohar]] notes that in Hebrew, this psalm contains 45 words, which is the [[gematria]] (numerical value) of the word ''adam'' ({{lang-he|אדם}}, "man"). [[Adam]] was created on the sixth day of [[Genesis creation narrative|Creation]] and went on to proclaim God as King.<ref>[[Zohar]] III, [[Emor]].</ref>{{sfn|Nulman|1996|pp=160–161}} Psalm 93 was also designated as the [[Shir shel yom|Song of the Day]] for Friday, to be sung by the [[Levite]]s in the [[Temple in Jerusalem]]:{{sfn|Scherman|2005|p=322}} this tradition continues today in the psalm's inclusion in the regular Friday [[Shacharit|morning prayer service]] in Judaism.{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=160}} According to Rabbi [[Jacob Emden|Yaakov Emden]], the connection with the sixth day is reinforced by the psalm's description of God "in His full grandeur and power as He was when He completed the six days of Creation", and the reference to donning grandeur further alludes to the way Jews dress up in their nicest garments on Friday to greet the approaching [[Shabbat]].{{sfn|Scherman|2005|p=322}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ou.org/torah/nach/nach-yomi/psalms_chapter_93/|title=Friday|first=Rabbi Jack|last=Abramowitz|year=2019|work=[[Orthodox Union]]|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref> Psalm 93 also hints to the future [[Messianic Age]], when the entire world will acknowledge God as King.{{sfn|Scherman|2005|pp=321–322}}

[[Charles Spurgeon|Spurgeon]] notes that the [[Septuagint]] connects Psalm 93 with the sixth day of the week by titling it "On the day before the Sabbath, when the earth was founded: A Psalm of thanksgiving to (or for) David". This wording was similarly adopted by the [[Vulgate]].<ref name=spurgeon>{{cite web |url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=93|title=Psalm 93 Bible Commentary|work=Charles H. Spurgeon’s Treasury of David|publisher=Christianity.com|year=2019|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref>

Spurgeon adds that the theme of God's sovereignty is clear from the first line of the psalm.<ref name=spurgeon/> [[Matthew Henry]] notes how the psalm reinforces God's kingship by comparing him to earthly kings, stating:
<blockquote>Concerning God's kingdom glorious things are here spoken. I. Have other kings their royal robes? So has he (v. 1). II. Have they their thrones? So has he (v. 2). III. Have they their enemies whom they subdue and triumph over? So has he (v. 3, v. 4). IV. Is it their honour to be faithful and holy? So it is his (v. 5).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/psalms/93.html|title=Psalms 93|first=Matthew|last=Henry|author-link=Matthew Henry|work=Bible Study Tools|year=2019|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref></blockquote>

==Text==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 93:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | יְהֹוָ֣ה מָלָךְ֘ גֵּא֪וּת לָ֫בֵ֥שׁ לָבֵ֣שׁ יְ֖הֹוָה עֹ֥ז הִתְאַזָּ֑ר אַף־תִּכּ֥וֹן תֵּ֜בֵ֗ל בַּל־תִּמּֽוֹט
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | נָכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֲךָ֣ מֵאָ֑ז מֵ֖עוֹלָ֣ם אָֽתָּה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | נָֽשְׂא֚וּ נְהָר֨וֹת | יְהֹוָ֗ה נָֽשְׂא֣וּ נְהָר֣וֹת קוֹלָ֑ם יִשְׂא֖וּ נְהָר֣וֹת דָּכְיָֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | מִקֹּל֨וֹת | מַ֚יִם רַבִּ֗ים אַדִּירִ֣ים מִשְׁבְּרֵי־יָ֑ם אַדִּ֖יר בַּמָּר֣וֹם יְהֹוָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | עֵֽדֹתֶ֨יךָ | נֶֽאֶמְנ֬וּ מְאֹ֗ד לְבֵֽיתְךָ֥ נָֽאֲוָה־קֹ֑דֶשׁ יְ֜הֹוָ֗ה לְאֹ֣רֶךְ יָמִֽים
|-
|}

===King James Version===
# The {{Lord}} reigneth, he is clothed with majesty; the LORD is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself: the world also is established, that it cannot be moved.
# Thy throne is established of old: thou art from everlasting.
# The floods have lifted up, O {{Lord}}, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their waves.
# The {{Lord}} on high is mightier than the noise of many waters, yea, than the mighty waves of the sea.
# Thy testimonies are very sure: holiness becometh thine house, O {{Lord}}, for ever.

===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).<ref>*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]] |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | pages=35-37 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
</ref>

The extant [[palimpsest]] [[AqTaylor|Aq{{sup|Taylor}}]] includes a translation into [[Koine Greek]] by [[Aquila of Sinope]] in c. 130 CE, containing verse 3.<ref>*{{cite book|title=The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i|first1=Emil|last1=Schürer|first2=Geza|last2=Vermes|first3=Fergus|last3=Millar|publisher=A&C Black|year=2014|isbn=9780567604521|page=497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJxaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA497}}</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Psalm 93 is the [[Shir Shel Yom|Song of the Day]] for [[Friday]], recited in that day's [[Shacharit|morning prayer service]].{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=160}} Some communities also recite this psalm as the ''ma'amad'' (special daily prayer) for Friday.<ref name=shim/> Additionally, Psalm 93 is the eighth and final psalm said during the [[Kabbalat Shabbat]] service on Friday night, acting as a summation of the preceding seven psalms.{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=161}}{{sfn|Scherman|2005|p=321}} It is also recited in its entirety during [[Pesukei dezimra]] on Shabbat, [[Jewish holidays|Yom Tov]], and [[Hoshana Rabbah]].{{sfn|Scherman|2005|p=388}}

Verse 1 (in the Hebrew) is quoted in Mishnah [[Tamid]] 7:4.{{sfn|Scherman|2005|p=479}}
Verse 1 is also one of the ten verses in the section of ''[[Rosh Hashanah#Religious significance|Malkhuyot]]'' (Sovereignty) which is recited in the [[Mussaf]] [[Amidah]] on [[Rosh Hashanah]].{{sfn|Scherman|1989|p=456}}<ref name=shim/>{{sfn|Birnbaum|p=55}}

Verse 4 (in the Hebrew) is said by the seas in [[Perek Shirah]].<ref name=shim>{{cite web |url=https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=44}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zootorah.com/assets/media/perek-shirah-booklet.pdf|title=Perek Shirah|first=Nosson|last=Slifkin|author-link=Natan Slifkin|year=2002|publisher=Zoo Torah|access-date=11 February 2019|page=4}}</ref>

Psalm 93 is said as a prayer for success in a court case.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytehillim.com/Default.aspx?CategoryOption=True|title=Success|work=Daily Tehillim|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref>

==Musical settings==
[[File:ID74569-Mechelen Sint-Romboutskathedraal-PM 36737.jpg|thumb|upright|Interior of [[St. Rumbold's Cathedral]] in [[Mechelen]], Belgium, where [[Jules Van Nuffel|Van Nuffel]] worked]]

=== Catholic ===
"Dominus regnavit" is Psalm 92 in the Vulgate; it was set by [[Hildegard of Bingen]].<ref>[https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10933031 11,000 virgins: chants for the Feast of St. Ursula] searchworks.stanford</ref> A [[motet]] setting it for choir [[a cappella]], with an added doxology, is attributed to [[Josquin des Prez]].<ref>{{CPDL|Dominus regnavit (Josquin des Prez)|Dominus regnavit (Josquin des Prez)}}.</ref><ref> Willem Elders: [https://books.google.de/books?id=dZNMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA139 Josquin Des Prez and His Musical Legacy: An Introductory Guide], [[Leuven University Press]], 2013</ref>

[[Jean-Joseph de Mondonville]] set the psalm in 1734 as a ''Grand Motet'' in several [[Movement (music)|movements]], ''Dominus regnavit decorum''.<ref>[https://classical-music-online.net/en/production/46688 Jean-Joseph Cassan Mondonville (1711–1772) / Grand Motet `Dominus regnavit decorum` (Psalm 92) (1734)] https://classical-music-online.net/en/production/46688</ref> [[Jules Van Nuffel]], founder and conductor of the choir at [[St. Rumbold's Cathedral]] in [[Mechelen]], Belgium,<ref>[http://www.julesvannuffel.be/en/bio/index.php Jules Van Nuffel / Biography] julesvannuffel.be</ref> set the psalm in Latin, ''[[Dominus regnavit (Nuffel)|Dominus regnavit]]'', for four-to-six-part choir and organ, Op. 49, in 1935.<ref>{{IMSLP|work=Dominus regnavit, Op.49 (Nuffel, Jules van)|cname=Dominus regnavit, Op.49 (Nuffel, Jules van)}}</ref>

=== Protestant ===
The Lutheran Baroque composer [[Heinrich Schütz]] set Psalm 93 in German, "Der Herr ist König herrlich schön" (The Lord is King, heavenly beautiful), for choir as part of his composition of the [[Becker Psalter]], SWV 191.<ref>[https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5952/ Schütz, Heinrich / Der Beckersche Psalter SWV 97a-256a] [[Bärenreiter]]</ref> [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]] used verses from the psalm for his [[Chandos Anthems|''Chandos Anthem'' No. 4]] in 1717 or 1718, intended for use in the [[Anglican Church]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.carusmedia.com/images-intern/medien/50/5524953/5524953x.pdf |title=O sing unto the Lord a new song / Cannons Anthem (2nd version) / HWV 249b |first=Till |last=Reininghaus |year=2009 |publisher=[[Carus-Verlag]] |access-date=11 February 2019 |page=2}}</ref>

[[Ferdinand Hiller]] wrote a setting in German for men's choir and orchestra, published in Leipzig, 1864.<ref>{{IMSLP|work=Psalm 93, Op.112 (Hiller, Ferdinand)|cname=Psalm 93, Op.112 (Hiller, Ferdinand)}}</ref>

In the [[Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)|Free Church of Scotland]]'s 2003 psalter, ''Sing Psalms'', Psalm 93 starts "The Lord is king; his throne endures." Set to the [[common meter]], the recommended melodies are St. Magnus, Southwark and Stroudwater.<ref>[https://freechurch.org/assets/documents/2017/Psalmody/Sing%20Psalms%20Combined%20Words%20Edition%20(incl.%20Scottish%20Psalter)%20-%20with%20bookmarks%20+Tune%20Reccomendations.pdf Sing Psalms Combined Word Edition (incl Scottish Psalter)]</ref>

===Jewish===
[[Shlomo Carlebach (musician)|Shlomo Carlebach]] composed a melody for the last two verses in the Hebrew, to be sung during [[Kabbalat Shabbat]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=231|title=Mikolot Mayim|work=Zemirot Database|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Cited sources==
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ukUk1QXMPpkC&pg=PA55|title=Pathway to Prayer: Yomim Noraim, Sefardi|editor-first=Rabbi Mayer|editor-last=Birnbaum|publisher=Feldheim Publishers|isbn=978-1583302880}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6zBQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA855|title=NKJV Study Bible|first=Thomas |last=Nelson|publisher=Thomas Nelson|year=2018|isbn=978-0785220732}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbuPJeQyeskC&pg=PA160|title=The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer: The Ashkenazic and Sephardic Rites|first=Macy|last=Nulman|year=1996|publisher=Jason Aronson|isbn=1461631246}}
*{{cite book|title=The Complete Artscroll Siddur|first=Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman|year=2005|publisher=[[Artscroll|Mesorah Publications, Ltd.]]|isbn=978-0899066509|edition=3rd}}
*{{cite book|title=The Complete ArtScroll Machzor – Rosh Hashanah|first=Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman|year=1989|publisher=Mesorah Publications, Ltd.|isbn=0-89906-676-3|edition=1st}}

==External links==
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 93|Psalm 93}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 93|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 93}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 93}}
* Text of Psalm 93 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm93.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2693.htm Psalms Chapter 93] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/93 The LORD is king, robed with majesty]; text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-93-1.html Psalm 93:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-93/ Psalm 93 – The LORD Reigns] enduringword.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-93 Psalm 93 / Refrain: The Lord shall reign for ever and ever.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20093 Psalm 93] at biblegateway.com

{{Psalms}}
{{Jewish prayers}}

[[Category:Psalms|093]]
[[Category:Shacharit for Shabbat and Yom Tov]]

Psalm 92

2021-03-05T04:36:31Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|91}}
The '''Psalm 92''' ([[Septuagint|Greek]] numbering: '''Psalm 91'''), known as ''Mizmor Shir L'yom HaShabbat'', is ostensibly dedicated to the [[Shabbat]] day.<ref>A Psalm: A Song for the Sabbath Day - title in the [[New Revised Standard Version]]</ref> Though it can be recited any day, in [[Jewish tradition]] it is generally reserved for Shabbat and is also recited during the morning services on [[Jewish Festivals|festival days]].

==Text==
The psalm is originally written in the [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]].

===Verse numbering===
The Hebrew text [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|is divided into]] 16 verses,<ref name=chabad>{{cite web |url= https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16313 |title=Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 92|publisher=[[Chabad|Chabad.org]]|year=2019|access-date=January 26, 2019}}</ref> as Psalm 92:1 comprises the designation
:''A Psalm. A Song for the Sabbath day.'' ([[New King James Version|NKJV]])
not numbered as a separate verse in the English versions. From then on Psalm 92:1–15 in English versions correspond to verses 2–16 in the Hebrew text.

===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 92:<ref name=chabad/>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | מִזְמ֥וֹר שִׁ֜֗יר לְי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | ט֗וֹב לְהֹד֥וֹת לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה וּלְזַמֵּ֖ר לְשִׁמְךָ֣ עֶלְיֽוֹן
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | לְהַגִּ֣יד בַּבֹּ֣קֶר חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וֶֽ֜אֱמוּנָֽתְךָ֗ בַּלֵּילֽוֹת
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | עֲלֵֽי־עָ֖שׂוֹר וַֽעֲלֵי־נָ֑בֶל עֲלֵ֖י הִגָּי֣וֹן בְּכִנּֽוֹר
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֚י שִׂמַּחְתַּ֣נִי יְהֹוָ֣ה בְּפָֽעֳלֶ֑ךָ בְּמַֽעֲשֵׂ֖י יָדֶ֣יךָ אֲרַנֵּֽן
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | מַה־גָּֽדְל֣וּ מַֽעֲשֶׂ֣יךָ יְהֹוָ֑ה מְ֜אֹ֗ד עָֽמְק֥וּ מַחְשְׁבֹתֶֽיךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | אִ֣ישׁ בַּ֖עַר לֹ֥א יֵדָ֑ע וּ֜כְסִ֗יל לֹֽא־יָבִ֥ין אֶת־זֹֽאת
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | בִּפְרֹ֚חַ רְשָׁעִ֨ים | כְּֽמ֥וֹ עֵ֗שֶׂב וַ֖יָּצִיצוּ כָּל־פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן לְהִשָּֽׁמְדָ֥ם עֲדֵי־עַֽד
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | וְאַתָּ֥ה מָ֜ר֗וֹם לְעֹ֘לָ֥ם יְהֹוָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֚י הִנֵּ֪ה אֹֽיְבֶ֡יךָ | יְֽהוָ֗ה כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֣ה אֹֽיְבֶ֣יךָ יֹאבֵ֑דוּ יִ֜תְפָּֽרְד֗וּ כָּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | וַתָּ֣רֶם כִּרְאֵ֣ים קַרְנִ֑י בַּ֜לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן רַֽעֲנָֽן
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | וַתַּבֵּ֥ט עֵינִ֗י בְּשׁ֫וּרָ֥י בַּקָּמִ֣ים עָלַ֣י מְרֵעִ֑ים תִּשְׁמַ֥עְנָה אָזְנָֽי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | צַדִּיק כַּתָּמָ֣ר יִפְרָ֑ח כְּאֶ֖רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֣וֹן יִשְׂגֶּֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| style="text-align:right" | שְׁתוּלִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהֹוָ֑ה בְּחַצְר֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣ינוּ יַפְרִֽיחוּ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 15
| style="text-align:right" | ע֖וֹד יְנוּב֣וּן בְּשֵׂיבָ֑ה דְּשֵׁנִ֖ים וְרַֽעֲנַנִּ֣ים יִֽהְיֽוּ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 16
| style="text-align:right" | לְהַגִּיד כִּֽי־יָשָׁ֣ר יְהֹוָ֑ה צ֜וּרִ֗י וְֽלֹא־עַוְלָ֥תָה (כתיב עַלָ֥תָה) בּֽוֹ
|-
|}

===King James Version===
: A Psalm or Song for the sabbath day.
# It is a good thing to give thanks unto the LORD, and to sing praises unto thy name, O most High:
# To shew forth thy lovingkindness in the morning, and thy faithfulness every night,
# Upon an instrument of ten strings, and upon the psaltery; upon the harp with a solemn sound.
# For thou, LORD, hast made me glad through thy work: I will triumph in the works of thy hands.
# O LORD, how great are thy works! and thy thoughts are very deep.
# A brutish man knoweth not; neither doth a fool understand this.
# When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever:
# But thou, LORD, art most high for evermore.
# For, lo, thine enemies, O LORD, for, lo, thine enemies shall perish; all the workers of iniquity shall be scattered.
# But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil.
# Mine eye also shall see my desire on mine enemies, and mine ears shall hear my desire of the wicked that rise up against me.
# The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
# Those that be planted in the house of the LORD shall flourish in the courts of our God.
# They shall still bring forth fruit in old age; they shall be fat and flourishing;
# To shew that the LORD is upright: he is my rock, and there is no unrighteousness in him.

===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).<ref>*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]] |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | pages=35-37 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
</ref>

The extant [[palimpsest]] [[AqTaylor|Aq{{sup|Taylor}}]] includes a translation into [[Koine Greek]] by [[Aquila of Sinope]] in c. 130 CE, containing verses 1–10.<ref>*{{cite book|title=The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i|first1=Emil|last1=Schürer|first2=Geza|last2=Vermes|first3=Fergus|last3=Millar|publisher=A&C Black|year=2014|isbn=9780567604521|page=497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJxaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA497}}</ref>

==Uses==

===Judaism===
Psalm 92 is recited three times during all of Shabbat:
*Part of [[Kabbalat Shabbat]].<ref>''The Complete Artscroll Siddur'', p. 320</ref> This recitation officially ushers in the Shabbat.
*During [[Pesukei Dezimra]].<ref>''The Complete Artscroll Siddur'', p. 388</ref> (It is also recited in Pesukei Dezimra on a [[Jewish holidays|Yom Tov]] that occurs on a weekday.)
*The song of the day in the [[Shir Shel Yom]] of Shabbat.<ref>''The Complete Artscroll Siddur'', p. 488</ref>

Verse 1 is part of Mishnah [[Tamid]] 7:4.<ref>''The Complete Artscroll Siddur'', p. 479</ref>

Verses 1–2 are part of [[Likel Asher Shabbat]] recited in the blessings preceding the [[Shema]] on Shabbat.<ref>''The Complete Artscroll Siddur'', p. 411</ref>

According to the [[Midrash]], Psalm 92 was said by [[Adam]]. Adam was created on Friday, and he said this psalm on the onset of the Shabbat. It is not a psalm that speaks ''about'' the Shabbat, but one that was said ''on'' the Shabbat: this was Adam's first day of existence and he marveled at the work of the Creator.<ref>{{Citation |first= Rabbi Abraham J., M.D. |last= Twerski|author-link= Abraham J. Twerski |title = [[Hamodia]]|date= 1 May 2013 |page=B49}}</ref>

==Musical settings==
* Psalm 92 "''Bonum est confiteri Domino"'' H.185'','' for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments and continuo'','' was set to music by Marc-Antoine Charpentier (early 1680s)
*Psalm 92 "''Bonum est confiteri Domino"'' H.195, for soloists, chorus, 2 treble viols or violins and continuo, was set to music by [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] (1687 - 88)
*Psalm 92 was set to music by [[Franz Schubert]] for [[Salomon Sulzer]] ({{D.|number=953}}).
* The Requiem Ebraico (Hebrew Requiem) (1945) by Austrian-American composer [[Eric Zeisl]], a setting of Psalm 92 dedicated to the memory of the composer's father "and the other countless victims of the Jewish tragedy in Europe", is considered the first major work of [[Holocaust]] commemoration.{{cn|date=January 2021}}
*American composer [[Mark Alburger]] also composed a musical setting for Psalm 92.

==See also==
{{Wikisourcelang|la|The Old Testament (Vulgate)/Psalmi|Psalmi (Vulgata)}}
[[s:Bible (Wikisource)/Psalms#Psalm 92|Wikisource - Psalm 92]]
* Related [[Bible]] parts: [[Psalm 1]], [[Jeremiah 17]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|Bible, King James, Psalms#Psalm 92|Psalm 92}}
{{commonscat|Psalm 92}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|92|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
* [http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=37 Recordings for musical settings to the second verse of Psalm 92] (in Hebrew) at the Zemirot Database
* [http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=218 Musical settings to the last four verses of Psalm 92] ("The righteous shall flourish like a palm tree...") at Zemirot Database

{{Psalms}}
{{Jewish prayers}}

[[Category:Psalms|092]]
[[Category:Shabbat prayers]]
[[Category:Shacharit for Shabbat and Yom Tov]]

Psalm 91

2021-03-05T04:35:59Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|90}}
{{short description|Biblical psalm}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 91
| subtitle = "He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High"
| type = Psalm of protection
| image = Ivory from Genoels-Elderen left.JPG
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = Late 8th century ivory plaque with [[Christ treading on the beasts]], illustrating verse 13. From Genoels-Elderen {{small|(in current-day Belgium)}}.<ref>{{cite journal| language= fr |last =Favreau |first =Robert |title=Le thème iconographique du lion dans les inscriptions médiévales |journal= Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres |volume= 135 |number=3 |year= 1991 |pages= 613–36 |doi=10.3406/crai.1991.15027 |url= http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/crai_0065-0536_1991_num_135_3_15027 |access-date= 2010-03-13}}</ref>
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 90
* "Qui habitat"
}}
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 91''' is the 91st [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], generally known in English by its first verse in the [[King James Version]]: "He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty." In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible, and in its Latin translation [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 90''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as ''''Qui habitat'''".<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps83.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 90 (91)] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps90.htm |date=2017-05-07}}. Medievalist.</ref> As a psalm of protection, it is commonly invoked in times of hardship. Though no author is mentioned in the Hebrew text of this psalm, Jewish tradition ascribes it to [[Moses]], with [[David]] compiling it in his [[Book of Psalms]]. The Greek Septuagint translation of the Old Testament attributes it to [[David]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.blueletterbible.org/lxx/psa/91/1/s_569001|title=Psalm 91:1 (LXX) |website= Blue letter Bible}}</ref>

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant liturgies. The complete psalm and selected verses have been set to music often, notably by [[Heinrich Schütz]] and [[Felix Mendelssohn]], who used verses for his motet ''[[Denn er hat seinen Engeln befohlen]]''. The psalm has been paraphrased in [[hymn]]s.

==Background and themes==
The [[Midrash]] states that Psalm 91 was composed by [[Moses]] on the day he completed the building of the [[Tabernacle]] in the desert. The verses describe Moses' own experience entering the Tabernacle and being enveloped by the Divine cloud.{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=380}} [[Midrash Tehillim]] and [[Zohar]] teach that Moses composed this psalm while ascending into the cloud hovering over [[Mount Sinai]], at which time he recited these words as protection from the angels of destruction.{{sfn|Kaplan|1990|p=187}}

In Jewish thought, Psalm 91 conveys the themes of God's protection and rescue from danger.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ravkooktorah.org/PSALM-91.htm |title=Psalm 91: Dwelling on High |first= Chanan|last=Morrison|year=2017|access-date= September 15, 2018 |work= Rav Kook Torah}}</ref> The [[Talmud]] (''[[Shevu'ot]]'' 15b) records opinions calling this psalm the "song of evil spirits" and the "song of plagues" ("shir shel pega'im" and "shir shel nega'im," respectively), for "one who recites it with faith in God will be helped by Him in time of danger".{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=380}} Since the times of the [[Geonim]], this psalm was recited to [[Apotropaic magic|drive away]] demons and evil spirits.{{sfn|Matt|2004|p=103}} According to [[midrash]]im, the psalm references many types of demons that threaten man, including the "Terror", "Arrow", "Pestilence", and "Destruction" mentioned in verses 5–6.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/demons-and-demonology|title=Jewish Concepts: Demons & Demonology|work= [[Jewish Virtual Library]]|year=2008|access-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref> The psalm was written in [[amulet]]s by both Jews and Christians from the [[Late Antique]] period.{{sfn|Kraus|2009|p= 139}}{{sfn|Schiffman|1992|p=39}} According to the Talmud (Shevu'ot 15b), the subsequent verse, verse 7 ("A thousand shall fall at your side," etc.) is a reference to the demons which would perish upon recitation of this psalm. In the same vein, Psalm 91 was included as one of the "Four Psalms Against Demons" in [[Dead Sea Scroll]] 11QapocrPs, the other three psalms being previously unknown, which are thought to have been used by the Qumran community for exorcisms.<ref>{{cite book |last1=VanderKam |first1=James |title=The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Significance for Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity |date=July 10, 2005 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=9780567084682 |page=122 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Meaning_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls/SBMXnB4CRpUC?hl=en&gbpv=0 |access-date=10 June 2020 |ref=VanderKam}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=Craig A. |title=Holman QuickSource Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls |date=February 2010 |publisher=B&H Publishing Group |isbn=9780805448528 |page=316 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Holman_QuickSource_Guide_to_the_Dead_Sea/kzFM8e46pTYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=psalm+91+exorcism&pg=PA316&printsec=frontcover |ref=Evans}}</ref>

Modern-day Christians see the psalm as a source of comfort and protection, even in times of suffering.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://bible.org/seriespage/god-protector-psalm-91|title=God the Protector (Psalm 91)|year=2018|access-date= September 15, 2018|publisher= Bible.org}}</ref>

Verse 13, in the [[King James Version]] "Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet", was the origin of the [[iconography]] of [[Christ treading on the beasts]], seen in the [[Late Antique]] period and revived in [[Carolingian art|Carolingian]] and [[Anglo-Saxon art]].

==Text==
The psalm is originally written in the [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]]. It is [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|is divided into]] 16 verses.<ref name=chabad>{{cite web |url= https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16312 |title=Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 91|publisher=[[Chabad|Chabad.org]]|year=2019|access-date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>

===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 91:<ref name=chabad/>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | יֹשֵׁב בְּסֵ֣תֶר עֶלְי֑וֹן בְּצֵ֥ל שַׁ֜דַּ֗י יִתְלוֹנָֽן
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | אֹמַ֗ר לַֽ֖יהֹוָה מַחְסִּ֣י וּמְצֽוּדָתִ֑י אֱ֜לֹהַ֗י אֶבְטַח־בּֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֚י ה֣וּא יַ֖צִּֽילְךָ מִפַּ֥ח יָק֗וּשׁ מִדֶּ֥בֶר הַוּֽוֹת
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" |בְּאֶבְרָת֨וֹ | יָ֥סֶךְ לָ֗ךְ וְתַ֣חַת כְּנָפָ֣יו תֶּחְסֶּ֑ה צִנָּ֖ה וְסֹֽחֵרָ֣ה אֲמִתּֽוֹ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | לֹֽא־תִ֖ירָא מִפַּ֣חַד לָ֑יְלָה מֵ֜חֵ֗ץ יָ֘ע֥וּף יוֹמָֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | מִדֶּבֶר בָּאֹ֣פֶל יַֽהֲלֹ֑ךְ מִ֜קֶּ֗טֶב יָ֘שׁ֥וּד צָֽהֳרָֽיִם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | יִפֹּ֚ל מִצִּדְּךָ֨ | אֶ֗לֶף וּרְבָבָ֥ה מִֽימִינֶ֑ךָ אֵ֜לֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א יִגָּֽשׁ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | רַק בְּעֵינֶ֣יךָ תַבִּ֑יט וְשִׁלֻּמַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תִּרְאֶֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהֹוָ֣ה מַחְסִּ֑י עֶ֜לְי֗וֹן שַׂ֣מְתָּ מְעוֹנֶֽךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" | לֹֽא־תְאֻנֶּ֣ה אֵלֶ֣יךָ רָעָ֑ה וְ֜נֶ֗גַע לֹֽא־יִקְרַ֥ב בְּאָֽהֳלֶֽךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֣י מַ֖לְאָכָיו יְצַוֶּה־לָּ֑ךְ לִ֜שְׁמָרְךָ֗ בְּכָל־דְּרָכֶֽיךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | עַל־כַּפַּ֥יִם יִשָּׂא֑וּנְךָ פֶּן־תִּגֹּ֖ף בָּאֶ֣בֶן רַגְלֶֽךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | עַל־שַׁ֣חַל וָפֶ֣תֶן תִּדְרֹ֑ךְ תִּ֜רְמֹ֗ס כְּפִ֣יר וְתַנִּֽין
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֚י בִ֣י חָ֖שַׁק וַֽאֲפַלְּטֵ֑הוּ אֲ֜שַׂגְּבֵ֗הוּ כִּֽי־יָ֘דַ֥ע שְׁמִֽי
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 15
| style="text-align:right" | יִקְרָאֵ֨נִי | וְֽאֶֽעֱנֵ֗הוּ עִמּֽוֹ־אָֽנֹכִ֥י בְצָרָ֑ה אֲ֜חַלְּצֵ֗הוּ וַֽאֲכַבְּדֵֽהוּ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 16
| style="text-align:right" | אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֖מִים אַשְׂבִּיעֵ֑הוּ וְ֜אַרְאֵ֗הוּ בִּישֽׁוּעָתִֽי
|-
|}

===King James Version===
# He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty.
# I will say of the {{Lord}}, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust.
# Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the noisome pestilence.
# He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings shalt thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield and buckler.
# Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by day;
# Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday.
# A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh thee.
# Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked.
# Because thou hast made the {{Lord}}, which is my refuge, even the most High, thy habitation;
# There shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come nigh thy dwelling.
# For he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways.
# They shall bear thee up in their hands, lest thou dash thy foot against a stone.
# Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet.
# Because he hath set his love upon me, therefore will I deliver him: I will set him on high, because he hath known my name.
# He shall call upon me, and I will answer him: I will be with him in trouble; I will deliver him, and honour him.
# With long life will I satisfy him, and shew him my salvation.

===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}

The extant [[palimpsest]] [[AqTaylor|Aq{{sup|Taylor}}]] includes a translation into [[Koine Greek]] by [[Aquila of Sinope]] in c. 130 CE, containing verses 1–16.<ref>*{{cite book|title=The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i|first1=Emil|last1=Schürer|first2=Geza|last2=Vermes|first3=Fergus|last3=Millar|publisher=A&C Black|year=2014|isbn=9780567604521|page=497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJxaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA497}}</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Psalm 91 is prominent in Jewish liturgy and ritual. is recited during the [[Pesukei Dezimra]] in the [[Shabbat]], [[Jewish holidays|Yom Tov]], and [[Hoshana Rabbah]] morning services.{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=380}} It is also recited after the [[Maariv|evening prayer]] on [[Motza'ei Shabbat]]{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=594}}<ref name=shim>{{cite web |url= https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=43}}</ref> and during the nightly [[Shema Yisrael#Bedtime Shema|Bedtime Shema]].<ref name=shim/>{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=290}} In each of these prayers, verse 16 is said twice.{{sfn|Scherman|2003 |pp=382, 596}} According to [[Simhah ben Samuel of Vitry#The Vitry Machzor|Machzor Vitry]], the verse is doubled to complete the spelling of a [[Names of God in Judaism|name of God]].{{sfn|Horowitz|1923|p=114}}

Psalm 91 is recited seven times during a burial ceremony. As the casket bearers approach the grave, they stop every few feet, repeating the psalm. In the case of the burial of a woman, the casket bearers do not stop the procession, but they do repeat the psalm seven times.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/368092/jewish/The-Jewish-Burial.htm|title=The Jewish Burial|first= Zalman|last=Goldstein|year=2018|access-date=September 15, 2018|work= [[Chabad|Chabad.org]]}}</ref>

Verse 11 of the psalm is recited after the liturgical poem ''[[Shalom Aleichem (liturgy)|Shalom Aleichem]]'' at the Friday night meal.<ref name=shim/>

Psalm 91 is often recited as a prayer for protection.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dailytehillim.com/Default.aspx?CategoryOption=True|title=Protection|publisher=DailyTehillim |access-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref> Some say it before embarking on a journey.<ref name=shim/>{{sfn|Reif|2004|p=1948}}

===New Testament===
*Verses 11 and 12 are quoted by the [[devil]] during the [[temptation of Christ]] in [[Matthew 4:6]] and [[Luke 4 |Luke]] {{bibleref2-nb|Luke|4:10–11|NKJV}}.<ref name= appkirkpatrick>{{cite book |last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link = Alexander Kirkpatrick | title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Books IV & V: Psalms XC–CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>
*Verse 13 is quoted in [[Luke 10 |Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb |Luke|10:19|KJV}}.<ref name=appkirkpatrick/>

===Western Christianity===
In [[Western Christianity]] it is often sung or recited during services of [[Compline]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cofe.anglican.org/worship/liturgy/commonworship/texts/daily/night/compline.html |title=An Order for Night Prayer (Compline) |publisher=Church of England |access-date=2007-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214165326/http://www.cofe.anglican.org/worship/liturgy/commonworship/texts/daily/night/compline.html |archive-date=2007-12-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The psalm forms part of the [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] rite of the daily evening prayer [[Compline]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://individual.utoronto.ca/aaronorear/psalmody.html|title=St. Benedict's Psalmody|publisher=[[University of Toronto]]|access-date=21 October 2018}}</ref> After the [[Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X]] it was only used on Sundays and Solemnities. In the [[Liturgy of the Hours]] it is part of Compline on the eve of Sunday and Solemnities.

In the [[Revised Common Lectionary]] (Year C)<ref>{{cite book |year=1997 |title=The Christian Year: Calendar, Lectionary and Collects |publisher= Church House Publishing, Church of England |isbn=0-7151-3799-9}}</ref> the psalm is appointed for the first Sunday in Lent, linking it to the [[temptation of Christ]], where the devil quotes this psalm.

In the medieval Western Church it was included in the readings for [[Good Friday]].

===Eastern Orthodoxy===
In [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]] it is used in the prayers of the [[canonical hours|Sixth Hour]], at [[Compline#Compline in the East|Great Compline]], and also in the [[Memorial service (Orthodox)|Memorial Service]] for the departed (Pannikhida).

==Musical settings==
===Classical===
Polish composer [[Józef Elsner]] set the three last verses of this psalm as an offertorium ''Quoniam in me speravit'', Op.30 (published ca.1829).<ref>See [https://imslp.org/wiki/Quoniam_in_me_speravit,_Op.30_(Elsner,_Józef) IMSLP work page]</ref> [[Felix Mendelssohn]] composed a setting of two verses of Psalm 91 in the motet ''[[Denn er hat seinen Engeln befohlen]]'' (1844) which he also included in his oratorio ''[[Elijah (oratorio)|Elijah]]''.

===Contemporary Christian music===
[[Michael Joncas]] loosely based his hymn "[[On Eagle's Wings]]" on Psalm 91.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://catholicphilly.com/2013/12/news/national-news/response-to-on-eagles-wings-over-the-years-humbling-for-composer/ |title=Response to 'On Eagle's Wings' over the years humbling for composer|first=Darlene J.M.|last= Dela Cruz |date=December 30, 2013|access-date= September 15, 2018|work= [[The Catholic Standard & Times|CatholicPhilly]]}}</ref> The Christian duo [[Shane & Shane]] recorded the song in their 2015 album ''[[Psalms II (album)|Psalms II]]'' under the title "Psalm 91 (On Eagles' Wings)" covering the song based on Joncas' composition.

The Christian band [[Sons of Korah (band) |Sons of Korah]] covered Psalm 91 on their 2011 album ''[[Wait (Sons of Korah album)|Wait]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theweeflea.com/2018/05/30/persuasive-music/comment-page-1/|title=Persuasive Music|work=The Wee Flea|access-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
[[File:Gift from the heart DVIDS63065.jpg|right|thumb|US military staffers hold a packet containing a camouflage [[bandana]] imprinted with Psalm 91 at the [[National Day of Prayer]] breakfast at [[Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune]], May 2010]]
Psalm 91 is known as the Soldier's Psalm or Soldier's Prayer.<ref name= southern>{{cite web |url= https://thesouthern.com/news/local/soldier-s-prayer-heartfelt-bandanas-presented-to-local-troops/article_610e89a4-eddc-50a9-9fba-300412801dc0.html |title='Soldier's Prayer': Heartfelt bandanas presented to local troops |first=John D.|last=Homan|date= January 28, 2005|access-date=September 15, 2018|work= Southern Illinoisian}}</ref> Camouflage [[bandana]]s imprinted with the psalm are often distributed to US troops.<ref name=southern/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2007/03/07/protection-and-comfort-wrapped-up-in-a-bandana/|title=Protection and comfort wrapped up in a bandana|work=[[Orange County Register]]|date=March 7, 2007|access-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref>{{sfn|Ruth|2012|p=105}}

[[Sinéad O'Connor]]'s debut album ''[[The Lion and the Cobra]]'' includes a recitation of verses 11–13 in [[Irish language|Irish]] by singer [[Enya]] on the song "Never Get Old".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bellsirishlyrics.com/never-get-old.html|title=Never Get Old lyrics|year=2018|publisher=Bells Irish Lyrics|access-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref>

Canadian metal band [[Cryptopsy]] references verses 5–8 of the psalm in their song "The Pestilence That Walketh in Darkness" on their 2005 album ''[[Once Was Not]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metal-archives.com/reviews/Cryptopsy/Once_Was_Not/91140/|title=Once Was Not Reviews|work=The Metal Archives|access-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref>

Brazilian-American metal band [[Soulfly]] recited the psalm in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] on the bonus track "Salmo-91" on their fifth album ''[[Dark Ages (album)|Dark Ages]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.musicomh.com/features/interviews/interview-soulfly|title=Interview – Soulfly|first= Tom |last= Day |date=August 3, 2006|access-date= September 15, 2018|work= Musicomh}}</ref>

The [[Jerry Garcia Band]] quotes verses 5–6 in its song "My Sisters and Brothers".

[[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] references Psalm 91 in "Virgin Mary (Intro)" on her 2012 ''[[The MDNA Tour]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.discogs.com/Madonna-MDNA-World-Tour/release/7787861|title=Madonna – MDNA World Tour|publisher= Discogs |year= 2018|access-date= September 13, 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|url= http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14643&st=&pgnum=322 |title=Machzor Vitry |language= he |first= Shimon Halevi |last=Horowitz |author-link= Simhah ben Samuel of Vitry|edition= reprint |year= 1923}}
*{{cite book|title=Innerspace: Introduction to Kabbalah, Meditation and Prophecy |first=Rabbi Aryeh|last=Kaplan |year= 1990|publisher=Moznaim}}
*{{citation|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5tXeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA139|chapter='He That Dwelleth in the Help of the Highest': Septuagint Psalm 90 and the Iconographic Program on Byzantine Armbands|first= Thomas J. |last= Kraus|page=139|title= Jewish and Christian Scripture as Artifact and Canon|editor-first= Craig A. |editor-last= Evans |editor2-first= H. Daniel |editor2-last=Zacharias|publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing|year= 2009|isbn= 978-0-56735188-3}}
*{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gHXqB_ITcDoC&pg=RA1-PA103|title=The Zohar|volume=1|editor-first=Daniel Chanan |editor-last=Matt|year=2004|publisher= Stanford University Press|isbn= 978-0-80474747-9}}
*{{citation|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDuy3p5QvEYC&pg=PA1948|chapter=The Bible in Jewish Life and Thought|title=The Jewish Study Bible |first=Stefan C.|last=Reif|editor-first= Adele|editor-last= Berlin |editor2-first=Marc Zvi|editor2-last= Brettler|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-0-19529751-5 |url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515}}
*{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xBwJf8Xfsb4C&pg=PA105 |title= Psalm 91 Military Edition: God's Shield of Protection|first= Peggy Joyce |last= Ruth|year=2012|publisher= Charisma Media|isbn=978-1-61638708-2}}
*{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=etK8tgEACAAJ|title=The Complete Artscroll Siddur|first=Rabbi Nosson|last= Scherman|year=2003|publisher= [[Artscroll |Mesorah Publications]]|isbn= 978-0-89906650-9|edition=3rd}}
*{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pnbK1dg7A04C&pg=PA39|title=Hebrew and Aramaic Incantation Texts from the Cairo Genizah|editor-first=Lawrence H.|editor-last=Schiffman|editor-link= Lawrence Schiffman|year= 1992 |publisher= A&C Black|isbn= 978-1-85075285-1}}
*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]] |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
{{Wikisource|Bible, King James, Psalms#Psalm 91|Psalm 91}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 91|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 91}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 91}}
* [http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=16312 Tehillim - Psalm 91 (Judaica Press)] — translation with [[Rashi]]'s commentary at [[Chabad.org]]
* Text of Psalm 91 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm91.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [http://www.bible.org/page.asp?page_id=521 Bible.org] on the religious significance of the text
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2691.htm Psalms Chapter 91] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-91/ Psalm 91 – The Assurance of those Who Trust in God] text and detailed commentary, enduringword.com
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/91 You who dwell in the shelter of the Most High, who abide in the shade of the Almighty] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-91-1.html Psalm 91:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-91 Psalm 91 / Refrain: Bless the Lord, O my soul.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20134 Psalm 91] at biblegateway.com
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/91?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 91] hymnary.org
* [https://www.unitedfaithchurch.org/safe-in-the-shelter-of-the-most-high/ Safe in the Shelter of the Most High] Christian Podcast on Psalm 91
{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|091]]
[[Category:Shacharit for Shabbat and Yom Tov]]

Psalm 90

2021-03-05T04:35:02Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|89}}
{{short description|Biblical psalm}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 90
| subtitle =
| type =
| image = Psalm 90 Vers 10.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Painting "Psalm 90. V. 10." (Psalm 90:10) by Ludwig Noster (1909)
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 89 (Septuagint/Vulgate)
}}
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}

'''Psalm 90''' is the 90th [[psalm]] from the [[Book of Psalms]]. In the slightly different numbering system of the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is ''Psalm 89''. Uniquely among the Psalms, it is attributed to [[Moses]]. It is well known for its reference in verse 10 to [[human life expectancy]] being 70 or 80 ("threescore years and ten", or "if by reason of strength ... fourscore years" in the [[King James Version]]). It is believed that this verse was the influence for the opening words of [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln's]] [[Gettysburg Address]].<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2013/11/19/us/gettysburg-address-quotable-facebook/index.html</ref>

==Text==
The psalm is originally written in the [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]]. It is [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|is divided into]] 17 verses.<ref name=chabad>{{cite web |url= https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16311 |title=Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 90|publisher=[[Chabad|Chabad.org]]|year=2019|access-date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>

===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 90:<ref name=chabad/>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | תְּפִלָּה֘ לְמֹשֶׁ֪ה אִֽישׁ־הָֽאֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים אֲֽדֹנָ֗י מָע֣וֹן אַ֖תָּה הָ֘יִ֥יתָ לָּ֜֗נוּ בְּדֹ֣ר וָדֹֽר
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | בְּטֶ֚רֶם | הָ֘רִ֚ים יֻלָּ֗דוּ וַתְּח֣וֹלֵֽל אֶ֣רֶץ וְתֵבֵ֑ל וּמֵֽעוֹלָ֥ם עַד־ע֜וֹלָ֗ם אַתָּ֥ה אֵֽל
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | תָּשֵׁ֣ב אֱ֖נוֹשׁ עַד־דַּכָּ֑א וַ֜תֹּ֗אמֶר שׁ֣וּבוּ בְנֵֽי־אָדָֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֚י אֶ֪לֶף שָׁנִ֡ים בְּֽעֵינֶ֗יךָ כְּי֣וֹם אֶ֖תְמוֹל כִּ֥י יַֽעֲבֹ֑ר וְאַשְׁמ֘וּרָ֥ה בַלָּֽיְלָה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | זְרַמְתָּם שֵׁנָ֣ה יִֽהְי֑וּ בַּ֜בֹּ֗קֶר כֶּֽחָ֘צִ֥יר יַֽחֲלֹֽף
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | בַּבֹּקֶר יָצִ֣יץ וְחָלָ֑ף לָ֜עֶ֗רֶב יְמ֘וֹלֵ֥ל וְיָבֵֽשׁ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | כִּֽי־כָלִ֥ינוּ בְאַפֶּ֑ךָ וּבַֽחֲמָֽתְךָ֥ נִבְהָֽלְנוּ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | שַׁתָּ֣ה (כתיב שַׁתָּ֣) עֲו‍ֹֽנֹתֵ֣ינוּ לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ עֲ֜לֻמֵ֗נוּ לִמְא֥וֹר פָּנֶֽיךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | כִּ֣י כָל־יָ֖מֵינוּ פָּנ֣וּ בְעֶבְרָתֶ֑ךָ כִּלִּ֖ינוּ שָׁנֵ֣ינוּ כְמוֹ־הֶֽגֶה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" | יְמֵ֚י שְׁנוֹתֵ֨ינוּ | בָּהֶ֨ם שִׁבְעִ֪ים שָׁנָ֡ה וְאִ֚ם בִּגְבוּרֹ֨ת | שְׁמ֘וֹנִ֚ים שָׁנָ֗ה וְ֖רָהְבָּם עָמָ֣ל וָאָ֑וֶן כִּ֘י גָ֥ז חִ֜֗ישׁ וַנָּעֻֽפָה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | מִֽי־י֖וֹדֵעַ עֹ֥ז אַפֶּ֑ךָ וּ֜כְיִרְאָֽתְךָ֗ עֶבְרָתֶֽךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | לִמְנ֣וֹת יָ֖מֵינוּ כֵּ֥ן הוֹדַ֑ע וְ֜נָבִ֗א לְבַ֣ב חָכְמָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | שׁוּבָ֣ה יְ֖הֹוָה עַד־מָתָ֑י וְ֜הִנָּחֵ֗ם עַל־עֲבָדֶֽיךָ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| style="text-align:right" | שַׂבְּעֵ֣נוּ בַבֹּ֣קֶר חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וּנְרַ֘נְּנָ֥ה וְ֜נִשְׂמְחָ֗ה בְּכָל־יָמֵֽינוּ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 15
| style="text-align:right" | שַׂמְּחֵנוּ כִּימ֣וֹת עִנִּיתָ֑נוּ שְׁ֜נ֗וֹת רָ֘אִ֥ינוּ רָעָֽה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 16
| style="text-align:right" | יֵֽרָאֶ֣ה אֶל־עֲ֖בָדֶיךָ פָּֽעֳלֶ֑ךָ וַֽ֜הֲדָֽרְךָ֗ עַל־בְּנֵיהֶֽם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 17
| style="text-align:right" | וִיהִ֚י נֹ֨עַם | אֲדֹנָ֥י אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ עָ֫לֵ֥ינוּ וּמַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָ֖דֵינוּ כּֽוֹנְנָ֣ה עָלֵ֑ינוּ וּמַֽ֘עֲשֵׂ֥ה יָ֜דֵ֗ינוּ כּֽוֹנְנֵֽהוּ
|-
|}

===King James Version===
# Lord, thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations.
# Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, thou art God.
# Thou turnest man to destruction; and sayest, Return, ye children of men.
# For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night.
# Thou carriest them away as with a flood; they are as a sleep: in the morning they are like grass which groweth up.
# In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth up; in the evening it is cut down, and withereth.
# For we are consumed by thine anger, and by thy wrath are we troubled.
# Thou hast set our iniquities before thee, our secret sins in the light of thy countenance.
# For all our days are passed away in thy wrath: we spend our years as a tale that is told.
# The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away.
# Who knoweth the power of thine anger? even according to thy fear, so is thy wrath.
# So teach us to number our days, that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom.
# Return, O LORD, how long? and let it repent thee concerning thy servants.
# O satisfy us early with thy mercy; that we may rejoice and be glad all our days.
# Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted us, and the years wherein we have seen evil.
# Let thy work appear unto thy servants, and thy glory unto their children.
# And let the beauty of the LORD our God be upon us: and establish thou the work of our hands upon us; yea, the work of our hands establish thou it.

===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}

The extant manuscript of [[AqTaylor|Aq{{sup|Taylor}}]], a translation into [[Koine Greek]] made in ca. 130 CE, contains verse 17.<ref>*{{cite book|title=The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i|first1=Emil|last1=Schürer|first2=Geza|last2=Vermes|first3=Fergus|last3=Millar|publisher=A&C Black|year=2014|isbn=9780567604521|page=497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJxaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA497}}</ref>

==Authorship and date==
By its header ("A Prayer of Moses, the man of God") this psalm is attributed to Moses. Commentator C S Rodd suggests it was written later,<ref>Rodd, C. S., ''18. Psalms'' in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), [https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 The Oxford Bible Commentary], p. 391</ref> but even from a [[Biblical literalism|biblical literalist]] perspective one writer warns against assuming with any certainty that this is the ''oldest'' psalm, because some psalms are [[anonymity|anonymous]] and so "we don't know who wrote them or when".<ref>Growing Christians Ministries, [https://www.growingchristians.org/tag/moses/#gsc.tab=0 Psalm 90], published 5 October 2012, accessed 3 January 2021</ref>

==Uses==
===Judaism===
*Is recited during the [[Pesukei Dezimra]] during [[Shabbat]], [[Jewish holidays|Yom Tov]], and [[Hoshana Rabbah]].{{sfn|Zlotowitz|1990|p=378}}
*Is recited on [[Shabbat Nachamu]] (the Shabbat after [[Tisha B'Av]]) in some traditions.{{sfn|Danziger|Scherman|1989|p=329}}
*Verse 17 is recited following [[Motzei Shabbat]] [[Maariv]]{{sfn|Zlotowitz|1990|p=595}} and the first paragraph of the [[Shema]] during [[Bedtime Shema|bedtime prayers]].{{sfn|Zlotowitz|1990|p=291}}
*Psalm 90 is one of the ten psalms of the [[Tikkun HaKlali]] of Rebbe [[Nachman of Breslov]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/psalms-as-prayer/|title=Psalms as the Ultimate Self-Help Tool|first=Rabbi Simkha Y.|last=Weintraub|year=2018|access-date=September 25, 2018|work=My Jewish Learning}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azamra.org/Essential/tenpsalms.htm|title=The Ten Psalms: English Translation|publisher=azamra.org|first=Rabbi Avraham|last=Greenbaum|year=2007|access-date=September 25, 2018}}</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
*Verse 4 is quoted in {{bibleverse|2|Peter|3:8|KJV}}{{sfn|Kirkpatrick|1901|p=}}

===Christianity===
*The hymn [[O God, Our Help in Ages Past|O God, our help in ages past]] is a lyrical version of Psalm 90 written by [[Isaac Watts]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Danziger|first1=Hillel |last2=Scherman|first2=Nosson |title=The ArtScroll Tehillim: Psalms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypZ4AAAACAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Mesorah Publications|isbn=978-0-89906-673-8}}
*{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC }}
*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]] |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
*{{cite book|last=Zlotowitz|first=Meir |title=Siddur: The Complete ArtScroll Siddur : English & Hebrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HI-7vgEACAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Mesorah Publications|isbn=978-0-89906-650-9}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 90}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|90|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|90|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Hymns and songs based on Psalms}}
{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|090]]
[[Category:Shacharit for Shabbat and Yom Tov]]
[[Category:Texts attributed to Moses]]

Psalm 89

2021-03-05T04:34:36Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|88}}

'''Psalm 89''' is the 89th [[psalm]] in the [[Bible|biblical]] Book of [[Psalms]], part of the [[Hebrew Bible]]. In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is ''Psalm 88''. It is a [[psalm]] and [[maschil]].<ref name=spurgeon> Charles H. Spurgeon, [http://www.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps089.htm Psalm 89 in "Treasury of David"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128154233/http://www.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps089.htm |date=2015-11-28 }}</ref> It has 52 verses and concludes Book 3 of the Psalms.<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|89:1-52|NRSV}}</ref>

==Analysis==
The superscription of the psalm states that it was written by [[Ethan (biblical figure)|Ethan the Ezrahite]], who, along with [[Heman the Ezrahite]] (to whom [[Psalm 88]] is attributed), was a wise man from the time of, or prior to, [[King Solomon]]. [[1 Kings]] 4:31 states that Solomon "was wiser than all other men, wiser than Ethan the Ezrahite, and Heman, Calcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol, and his fame was in all the surrounding nations" (ESV).

In [[2 Samuel]] 7:12–17, God promises [[King David]] that there will always be a king of the [[Jew]]s. Some scholars claim that this [[psalm]] was written after the deportation of the Jews to [[Babylon]].<ref>Gordon Churchyard, [http://www.easyenglish.bible/psalms/psalm089-taw.htm Psalm 89] at Make Your Kingdom Come Soon!</ref> However, this claim is inconsistent with the dating of Ethan to the time of Solomon. More likely is that it was written on behalf of the king (David or Solomon) during a time of trouble.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} The author expresses his belief that the promises outlined in 2 Samuel 7:12-17 will be fulfilled.

Psalm 89 begins with words of praise for [[Yahweh]]'s goodness and [[Covenant (biblical)|covenant]] faithfulness. For the first 37 verses, the psalm recounts the promises made to [[King David]] and the covenant established by God with him; from verse 38 to 51, the [[psalmist]] laments what seems to him like God's lack of remembrance of his covenant promises. In the 52nd and closing verse, the psalmist's tone changes once again, proclaiming: "Blessed be the LORD forever! Amen and Amen" (ESV). With these words, the third book of the [[psalter]] is brought to a close.

[[Charles Spurgeon]] called it a ''Covenant Psalm'' and described it as "the utterance of a believer".<ref name=spurgeon />

==Uses==

===Judaism===
*This psalm is recited during [[Selichot]] in some traditions.<ref>The Artscroll Tehillim page 329</ref>
*Verse 53 is the first verse of [[Baruch Hashem L'Olam (Shacharit)|Baruch Hashem L'Olam]] in [[Pesukei Dezimra]]<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 74</ref> and [[Baruch Hashem L'Olam (Maariv)|Baruch Hashem L'Olam]] after the [[Shema]] in weekday [[Maariv]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 264</ref>
*Verses 16-18 are recited following the [[Shofar]] blowing on [[Rosh Hashanah]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah page 439</ref>
In the Jewish arrangement it closes the third book of the Psalms.<ref name=spurgeon />

===[[New Testament]]===
*Part of verse 10 is quoted in [[Luke 1|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|1:51|KJV}}<ref name=appkirkpatrick>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | authorlink=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>
*Verse 20 is quoted in [[Acts 13|Acts]] {{bibleverse-nb|Acts|13:22|KJV}}<ref name=appkirkpatrick/>

==See also==
*[[Ethan (biblical figure)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 89}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|89|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|89|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|089]]

Psalm 88

2021-03-05T04:34:02Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|87}}
'''Psalm 88''' is the 88th [[psalm]] from the [[Book of Psalms]]. According to the title, it is a "psalm of the [[Korahites|sons of Korah]]" as well as a "[[Maskil (psalm)|maskil]] of [[Heman the Ezrahite]]". In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is ''Psalm 87''.

==Portrayal==
It is described ''Psalm for the sons of Korah'', a prayer for mercy and deliverance,<ref>{{bibleref2|Psalm|88:10-18|KJV}}</ref> and a ''[[Maschil]]''.<ref>[[Charles Spurgeon]], [http://www.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps088.htm Treasury of David] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130182525/http://www.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps088.htm |date=2016-01-30 }}.</ref>

According to [[Martin Marty]], a professor of church history at the [[University of Chicago]], Psalm 88 is "a wintry landscape of unrelieved bleakness". Psalm 88 ends by saying:

{{poemquote|
You have taken my companions and loved ones from me;
the darkness is my closest friend.<ref>Psalm 88:18 ([[NIV]])</ref>
}}

Indeed, in [[Hebrew Language|Hebrew]], the last word of the psalm is "darkness".

==Uses==
===Judaism===
Psalm 88 is recited on [[Hoshana Rabbah]].<ref>The Artscroll Tehillim page 329</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
Verse 8 is quoted in [[Luke 23|Luke]] {{bibleverse-nb|Luke|23:49|KJV}}.<ref>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

==Eastern Orthodox Church and Catholic Church==
* This psalm is part of the Six Psalms (Psalms 3, 38, 63, 88, 103 and 143) that constitute the heart of the ''[[orthros]]'', that is to say [[Matins]], in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] and Catholic Churches of the [[Byzantine]] rite.
* In the [[Liturgy of the Hours]] revised after Vatican II, the psalm is said on Fridays as part of [[compline]].<ref>{{cite book |author=ICEL |author-link=ICEL |title=Christian Prayer: The Liturgy of the Hours |publisher=Catholic Book Publishing Corp. |date=1976 |at=1052–1053}}</ref>

==Commentary==
[[File:Psalms scroll.PNG|thumb|Scroll of the Psalms]]

It is often assumed that the Psalm is a ''sick Psalm''.<ref>Hochspringen B. Klaus Seybold, Prayer of the sick in the Old Testament (1973), p169.</ref><ref>Willy Staerk, poetry (1920).</ref> The disease, which laid low the psalmist, could have been [[leprosy]] or some other unclean illness.<ref>Hochspringen B. Klaus Seybold, Prayer of the sick in the Old Testament (1973), 169</ref><ref>Rudolf Kittel, Psalms (1921)</ref> Others see rather than a specific disease, a more general calamity.<ref>Emil Kautzsch, The Holy Scriptures of the Old Testament II (4 1923), 113ff.</ref><ref>Hochspringen B. Klaus Seybold, Prayer of the sick in the Old Testament (1973), 169</ref>

By contrast, [[Hermann Gunkel]] contends that this psalm involves accusations against the Psalmist, regarding his sins mentioned.

Neale and Littledale find it "stands alone in all the Psalter for the unrelieved gloom, the hopeless sorrow of its tone. Even the very saddest of the others, and the [[Book of Lamentations|Lamentations]] themselves, admit some variations of key, some strains of hopefulness; here only all is darkness to the close."<ref>Neale. A Commentary on the Psalms. Vol. 3. 1871. Reprint. London: Forgotten Books, 2013. 90-1.</ref>

==Musical settings==

* [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] compose around 1690 one "''Domine Deus salutis meae"'' , H.207 for soloists, chorus, flutes, strings, and continuo.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{bibleverse|Psalm|88|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|88|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|088]]

Psalm 87

2021-03-05T04:33:33Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|86}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 87
| subtitle = "His Foundation is in the Holy Mountains"
| type =
| image = Toegangspoort met daarboven gebeiteld de spreuk Der Herr liebet die Thore Zions, Bestanddeelnr 255-0339.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = The German inscription on the doorpost of a building in Jerusalem (1948) "The {{Lord}} loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob" from Psalm 87:2.
| other_name =
| text =[[Korahites]]
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 87''' is the 87th [[psalm]] from the [[Book of Psalms]]. It was written by the sons of [[Korahites |Korach]]. It describes [[Jerusalem]] as the center of the world where God placed the [[Torah]].<ref>{{Citation | title = The Artscroll Tehillim | page = 186}}.</ref> In the slightly different numbering system of the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is ''Psalm 86''.

==Text==
===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 87:<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16308 |title=Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 87|publisher=[[Chabad|Chabad.org]]|year=2019|access-date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | לִבְנֵי־קֹ֖רַח מִזְמ֣וֹר שִׁ֑יר יְ֜סֽוּדָת֗וֹ בְּהַרְרֵי־קֹֽדֶשׁ
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | אֹהֵ֣ב יְ֖הֹוָה שַֽׁעֲרֵ֣י צִיּ֑וֹן מִ֜כֹּ֗ל מִשְׁכְּנ֥וֹת יַֽעֲקֹֽב
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | נִכְבָּדוֹת מְדֻבָּ֣ר בָּ֑ךְ עִ֖יר הָֽאֱלֹהִ֣ים סֶֽלָה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | אַזְכִּ֚יר | רַ֥הַב וּבָבֶ֗ל לְֽיֹ֫דְעָ֥י הִנֵּ֚ה פְלֶ֣שֶׁת וְצֹ֣ר עִם־כּ֑וּשׁ זֶ֜֗ה יֻלַּד־שָֽׁם
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | וּֽלְצִיּ֨וֹן יֵֽאָמַ֗ר אִ֣ישׁ וְ֖אִישׁ יֻלַּד־בָּ֑הּ וְה֖וּא יְכֽוֹנְנֶ֣הָ עֶלְיֽוֹן
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | יְֽהֹוָ֗ה יִ֖סְפֹּר בִּכְת֣וֹב עַמִּ֑ים זֶ֖ה יֻלַּד־שָׁ֣ם סֶֽלָה
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | וְשָׁרִ֥ים כְּחֹֽלְלִ֑ים כָּֽל־מַעְיָנַ֣י בָּֽךְ
|-
|}

===King James Version===
The following is the full English text of the Psalm from the [[King James Bible]].
:A Psalm or Song for the sons of Korah.
# His foundation is in the holy mountains.
# The LORD loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob.
# Glorious things are spoken of thee, O city of God. [[Selah]].
# I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon to them that know me: behold Philistia, and Tyre, with Ethiopia; this man was born there.
# And of Zion it shall be said, This and that man was born in her: and the highest himself shall establish her.
# The LORD shall count, when he writeth up the people, that this man was born there. Selah.
# As well the singers as the players on instruments shall be there: all my springs are in thee.

==Commentary==
The psalm is classified as one of the "Songs of Zion", looking to the future Jerusalem as the 'center of universal worship' and listing some of the surrounding nations (from which Jewish proselytes have come to the festivals) or as a 'reference to Jews who come from different countries in the dispersion'.<ref name=rodd>{{cite book|last= Rodd | first= C. S. | chapter = 18. Psalms | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 390–391 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}</ref>

"[[Rahab]]" in verse 4 may refer to 'the primeval monster quelled by YHWH in ancient story' (cf. [[Psalm 89]]:10), here to represent "Egypt", whereas the 'springs' (verse 7) may symbolize "divine blessing", placing Zion as 'the source of the streams of Paradise'.{{sfn|Rodd|2007|p=390}}


==Christianity==
Verse 3 inspired [[John Newton]] to write the hymn "[[Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken]]" in 1779, later sung with music from [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]]'s [[Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser]] (1797).

==Musical settings==
[[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] set around 1680, one "''Fundamenta ejus in montibus sanctis"'', H.187 for 3 voices and continuo.

[[Arthur Hutchings]] set the text of Psalm 87 in his ''Her Foundations are on the Holy Hills'', which is also the motto of [[Durham University]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-17|title=Her Foundations Are On The Holy Hills|url=https://britishmusiccollection.org.uk/score/her-foundations-are-holy-hills|access-date=2021-02-23|website=British Music Collection|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 87}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|87|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|87|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|087]]

Psalm 86

2021-03-05T04:33:01Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|85}}
'''Psalm 86''' is the 86th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], subtitled "a prayer of [[David]]".<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalms|86:1|NIV}}</ref> In the slightly different numbering system of the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the bible, and in its Latin translation, the [[Vulgate]], this psalm is ''Psalm 85''.

==Analysis==
This psalm is entitled "a prayer of David"; it was probably not penned upon any particular occasion, but was a prayer he often used himself, and recommended to others for their use, especially in a day of affliction. Many think that David penned this prayer as a type of Christ, "who in the days of his flesh offered up strong cries" ({{bibleverse|Hebrews|5:7|KJV}}).{{fact|date=March 2019}}

David, in this prayer (according to the nature of that duty):{{fact|date=March 2019}}
# Gives glory to God (v. 8-10, 12, 13).
# Seeks for grace and favour from God, that God would hear his prayers (v. 1, 6, 7), preserve and save him, and be merciful to him (v. 2, 3, 16), that he would give him joy, and grace, and strength, and put honour upon him (v. 4, 11, 17). He pleads God's goodness (v. 5, 15) and the malice of his enemies (v. 14).

==Uses==
===Judaism===
*Verse 5 is part of one of the intermediate paragraphs of [[Uva Letzion]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 157</ref>
*Verse 8 is recited when opening the [[Hakafah|Hakafot]] on [[Simchat Torah]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 759</ref>
*Verses 9-10 are part of [[Baruch Hashem L'Olam (Maariv)|Baruch Hashem L'Olam]] during [[Maariv]].<ref>The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 265</ref>

===[[New Testament]]===
*Verse 9 is quoted in [[Revelation 15|Revelation]] {{bibleverse-nb|Revelation|15:4|KJV}}.<ref>{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | authorlink=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}}</ref>

==Musical settings==
[[Wacław_of_Szamotuły|Wacław z Szamotuł]] composed ''Nakłoń, Panie, ku mnie ucho Twoje'' song to the Polish translation of Psalm 86 by [[Mikołaj Rej]] in the 16th century.{{fact|date=March 2019}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Psalm 86}}
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|86|HE}} in Hebrew and English - Mechon-mamre
*{{bibleverse|Psalm|86|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|086]]
[[Category:Works attributed to David]]

Psalm 85

2021-03-05T04:32:21Z

BCPMyles: Corrected the numbering system between Hebrew and Greek.

{{Psalm nr|84}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Psalm 85
| subtitle = "{{Lord}}, thou hast been favourable unto thy land"
| type =
| image = Justitia et pax - Brescia - Pinacoteca Tosio-Martinengo - 13-4-2002.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = ''Justitia et pax'' (Justice and Peace) by an anonymous artist
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* "Benedixisti Domine terram tuam"
}}
| text = [[Korahites]]
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 85''' is the 85th [[psalm]] of the [[Book of Psalms]], beginning in English in the [[King James Version]]: "{{Lord}}, thou hast been favourable unto thy land". In the Greek [[Septuagint]] version of the Bible, and in the Latin [[Vulgate]], this psalm is '''Psalm 84''' in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "'''Benedixisti Domine terram tuam'''".<ref>[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps84.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 84 (85)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507121752/http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps84.htm |date=2017-05-07 }} medievalist.net</ref> In Judaism, it is called "a psalm of returned exiles".{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=209}} The psalm is attributed to the [[Korahites|sons of Korah]].

The psalm is a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] and Protestant liturgies. It has been paraphrased in [[hymn]]s and set to music. Its image of Justice and Peace kissing was a popular theme for artworks from the Middle Ages through the 18th century.

==Background and themes==
While the superscript attributes this psalm to the [[Korahites|sons of Korah]], Christian commentators are undecided about the period in which the psalm was written. One suggestion is that it was penned at the end of the reign of [[Saul]].<ref name=guzik/> [[Alexander Maclaren]] posits that the setting of Psalm 85 corresponds to the description in the [[Book of Nehemiah]] in which only part of the Jewish nation had returned from the [[Babylonian captivity]]. They returned "to a ruined city, a fallen Temple, and a mourning land, where they were surrounded by jealous and powerful enemies".<ref name=guzik>{{cite web |url= https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-85/|title=Psalm 85 – Praying for Revival and Restoration|first=David|last=Guzik|work=Enduring Word|year=2019|access-date=January 19, 2020}}</ref>

According to Jewish commentators, the sons of Korah are speaking prophetically about the conclusion of the Babylonian exile. They pray that God will also return the Jewish people from their current exile and remove his anger from them altogether. The image of kindness and truth "meeting" alludes to the interrelationship between Israel's truth and God's righteousness. When Israel adheres to the truth, God will respond with righteousness; He will send rain to produce abundant harvests.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://outorah.org/p/3547?|title=Truth, Meet Kindness. Kindness, This is Truth.|first=Rabbi Jack|last=Abramowitz|access-date=January 19, 2010|work=[[Orthodox Union]]}}</ref> The ''[[International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]]'' also interprets the "kiss" shared by Righteousness and Peace (in the KJV translation) as signifying the spiritual union of "God bowing down from heaven to meet earth and earth rejoicing up to Him, foretelling the glory of salvation for the people".{{sfn|Bromiley|1995|p=44}}

According to the [[Midrash Tehillim]], the land being referred to in this psalm is the [[Land of Israel]], of which Scripture states, "A land which the Lord your God cares for; the eyes of the Lord your God are always upon it" ({{bible verse|Deuteronomy|11:12|he}}). God waits for the Jewish people to perform the [[Mitzvah|mitzvot]] (biblical commandments) associated with the Land – such as tithing the crops and observing the [[Shmita]] (sabbatical year) and Yovel ([[Jubilee (biblical)|Jubilee year]]) – and when they do, both they and the land will find favor in God's eyes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.matsati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Midrash-Tehillim-Psalms-85.pdf|title=Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 85|publisher=matsati.com|date=October 2012|access-date=January 19, 2020}} (password: www.matsati.com)</ref>

[[John Calvin]] summarizes the message of Psalm 85 as follows. After God's people returned from the Babylonian captivity they were suffering new afflictions. The people's voice in the psalm cries to God for deliverance on three counts. First, as a continuation of God's grace in bringing the people back from captivity. Second, in view of the long period of their suffering. Lastly, in hope and confidence in the promises of God for blessing. On this last point, Calvin connects the restoration to Israel with the future kingdom of Christ.<ref>{{cite book |last=Calvin |first=John |translator-last1=Anderson |translator-first1=James |date=1847 |title=Commentary on the Book of Psalms |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n-rMp_NSqxcC&pg=RA1-PA366 |publisher=Calvin translation society |volume=III |pages=366, 367}}</ref>

===Kissing or fighting?===
The image of "Justice and Peace kissing" (per the KJV translation; {{Lang-he|צֶ֖דֶק וְשָׁל֣וֹם נָשָֽׁקוּ}} ''[[Tzadik|tseḏeq]] wə-[[Shalom|šālōm]] nāšāqū'') became a popular theme for artworks from the Middle Ages through the 18th century.{{sfn|Rosenberg|Funaroli|1982|p=252}} However, the Hebrew root ''n-š-q'' ({{lang-he|נשק}}) has several translations, including "kiss", "fight", and "fought against each other".<ref name=eder>{{cite journal|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/vt/67/3/article-p387_4.xml?language=en|title=Do Justice and Peace Really Kiss Each Other?|first=Sigrid |last=Eder|journal=[[Vetus Testamentum]]|volume=67|issue=3|date=July 2017|pages=387–402|doi=10.1163/15685330-12341284|doi-access=free}}</ref> According to Eder, the word describes a dynamic type of contact, whether positive or negative.<ref name=eder/>

The [[Midrash]] understands this interaction in a turbulent context, relating it to God taking counsel with His ministering angels about whether to create the first man. The Midrash states:
<blockquote>Rabbi Simon said, "When the Holy One, blessed be He, came to create Adam, the ministering angels formed themselves into groups and parties, some of them saying, 'Let him be created,' whilst others urged, 'let him not be created.' Thus it is written, "Chesed [Kindness] and Truth fought together, Righteousness and Peace combated each other" ({{bible verse|Psalms|85:11|he}}). Chesed said, 'Let him be created, because he will dispense acts of love'; Truth said, 'Let him not be created, because he is compounded of falsehood'; Righteousness said, 'Let him be created, because he will perform righteous deeds'; Peace said, 'Let him not be created, because he is full of strife.'</blockquote>

<blockquote>"What did the Holy One do? He took Truth and cast it to the ground. As it says, 'And truth was thrown to the ground...' ({{bible verse|Daniel|8:12|he}}). The ministering angels said before the Almighty: 'Master of the worlds! Why do You put to shame Your chief of court?' The Almighty replied: 'Let Truth rise from the ground!' This is what is meant when it is written, 'Truth shall grow from the ground'" ({{bible verse|Psalms|85:12|he}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://elmad.pardes.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Yaffa-and-Zvi_-Throwing-Truth-To-the-Ground.pdf|title=Throwing Truth to the Ground|date=January 2017|access-date=January 19, 2020|publisher=elmad.pardes.org}}</ref></blockquote>

==Text==
===Verse numbering===
In the [[Hebrew Bible]], Psalm 85:1 comprises the designation
:''To the chief Musician, A Psalm for the sons of Korah.'' ([[King James Version|KJV]])
From then on Psalm 85:1–13 in English versions correspond to verses 2–14 in the Hebrew text.

===Hebrew Bible version===
Following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 85, with translation from the 1917 [[Jewish Publication Society|JPS]] Bible:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16306 |title=Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 85|publisher=[[Chabad|Chabad.org]]|year=2019|access-date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>
! English
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" | לַֽמְנַצֵּ֬חַ | לִבְנֵי־קֹ֬רַח מִזְמֽוֹר
| For the Leader. A Psalm of the sons of Korah.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | רָצִ֣יתָ יְהֹוָ֣ה אַרְצֶ֑ךָ שַׁ֜֗בְתָּ שְׁבִ֣ית (כתיב שְׁבִ֣ות) יַֽעֲקֹֽב
| Lord, Thou hast been favourable unto Thy land, Thou hast turned the captivity of Jacob.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | נָשָׂאתָ עֲו‍ֹ֣ן עַמֶּ֑ךָ כִּסִּ֖יתָ כָל־חַטָּאתָ֣ם סֶֽלָה
| Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of Thy people, Thou hast pardoned all their sin. Selah.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" | אָסַ֥פְתָּ כָל־עֶבְרָתֶ֑ךָ הֱ֜שִׁיב֗וֹתָ מֵֽחֲר֥וֹן אַפֶּֽךָ
| Thou hast withdrawn all Thy wrath; Thou hast turned from the fierceness of Thine anger.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" | שׁוּבֵנוּ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׁעֵ֑נוּ וְהָפֵ֖ר כַּֽעַסְךָ֣ עִמָּֽנוּ
| Restore us, O God of our salvation, and cause Thine indignation toward us to cease.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | הַֽלְעוֹלָ֥ם תֶּֽאֱנַף־בָּ֑נוּ תִּמְשֹׁ֥ךְ אַ֜פְּךָ֗ לְדֹ֣ר וָדֹֽר
| Wilt Thou be angry with us for ever? Wilt Thou draw out Thine anger to all generations?
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" | הֲלֹ֣א אַ֖תָּה תָּשׁ֣וּב תְּחַיֵּ֑ינוּ וְ֜עַמְּךָ֗ יִשְׂמְחוּ־בָֽךְ
| Wilt Thou not quicken us again, that Thy people may rejoice in Thee?
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" | הַרְאֵ֣נוּ יְהֹוָ֣ה חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וְ֜יֶשְׁעֲךָ֗ תִּתֶּן־לָֽנוּ
| Show us Thy mercy, O Lord, and grant us Thy salvation.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" | אֶשְׁמֳעָ֗ה מַה־יְדַבֵּר֘ הָאֵ֪ל | יְהֹ֫וָ֥ה כִּֽי־יְדַבֵּ֬ר שָׁל֗וֹם אֶל־עַ֖מּוֹ וְאֶל־חֲסִידָ֑יו וְאַל־יָשׁ֥וּבוּ לְכִסְלָֽה
| I will hear what God the Lord will speak; for He will speak peace unto His people, and to His saints; but let them not turn back to folly.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" | אַ֚ךְ | קָר֣וֹב לִֽירֵאָ֣יו יִשְׁע֑וֹ לִשְׁכֹּ֖ן כָּב֣וֹד בְּאַרְצֵֽנוּ
| Surely His salvation is nigh them that fear Him; that glory may dwell in our land.
|- id = 11
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | חֶֽסֶד־וֶֽאֱמֶ֥ת נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ צֶ֖דֶק וְשָׁל֣וֹם נָשָֽׁקוּ
| Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | אֱמֶת מֵאֶ֣רֶץ תִּצְמָ֑ח וְ֜צֶ֗דֶק מִשָּׁמַ֥יִם נִשְׁקָֽף
| Truth springeth out of the earth; and righteousness hath looked down from heaven.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | גַּם־יְ֖הֹוָה יִתֵּ֣ן הַטּ֑וֹב וְ֜אַרְצֵ֗נוּ תִּתֵּ֥ן יְבוּלָֽהּ
| Yea, the Lord will give that which is good; and our land shall yield her produce.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| style="text-align:right" | צֶדֶק לְפָנָ֣יו יְהַלֵּ֑ךְ וְיָשֵׂ֖ם לְדֶ֣רֶךְ פְּעָמָֽיו
| Righteousness shall go before Him, and shall make His footsteps a way.
|-
|}

===King James Version===
:To the chief Musician, A Psalm for the sons of Korah.
# {{Lord}}, thou hast been favourable unto thy land: thou hast brought back the captivity of Jacob.
# Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of thy people, thou hast covered all their sin. Selah.
# Thou hast taken away all thy wrath: thou hast turned thyself from the fierceness of thine anger.
# Turn us, O God of our salvation, and cause thine anger toward us to cease.
# Wilt thou be angry with us for ever? wilt thou draw out thine anger to all generations?
# Wilt thou not revive us again: that thy people may rejoice in thee?
# Shew us thy mercy, O {{Lord}}, and grant us thy salvation.
# I will hear what God the {{Lord}} will speak: for he will speak peace unto his people, and to his saints: but let them not turn again to folly.
# Surely his salvation is nigh them that fear him; that glory may dwell in our land. {{anchor|K 10}}
# Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other.
# Truth shall spring out of the earth; and righteousness shall look down from heaven.
# Yea, the {{Lord}} shall give that which is good; and our land shall yield her increase.
# Righteousness shall go before him; and shall set us in the way of his steps.

==Uses==
===In Judaism===
In the [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic]] tradition, Psalm 85 is recited after [[Kaddish]] (Titkabel) during the [[Mincha|afternoon service]] on [[Yom Kippur]] eve.{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=209}} Sephardi Jews also recite this psalm along with numerous others on Yom Kippur itself.{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=317}}

Verses 5 and 8 (in the Hebrew) are part of [[Selichot]];<ref name=shim>{{cite web |url=https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=42}}</ref> verse 8 is also recited during the [[Shacharit|morning service]] in [[Pesukei Dezimra]].{{sfn|Scherman|1987|p=64}}

Psalm 85 is recited to express gratitude, as a prayer for a livelihood, and as a prayer for assistance in times of need.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.psalmsonline.org/psalms-for-special-occasions|title=Psalms for Special Occasions|access-date=January 19, 2020|work=Psalms Online}}</ref>

=== In Catholicism ===
The beginning of Psalm 85 is recommended as an [[introit]] or [[antiphon]] on [[Gaudete Sunday]], the third Sunday of Advent.{{sfn|Cantica|2020}}

== Hymns and musical settings ==
[[Paul Gerhardt]] paraphrased Psalm 85 in a hymn, "Herr, der du vormals hast dein Land", which is part of the Protestant German hymnal ''[[Evangelisches Gesangbuch]]'' as EG 283.

[[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] compose in 1681/1682 a « ''Benedixisti Domine »,'' H.181, for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments and continuo.

Heinrich Schütz set a German rhymed version in the [[Becker Psalter]], ''Herr, der du vormals gnädig warst'' (Lord, you who were merciful before), SWV 182.

[[Theme (narrative)|Themes]] from verses 9 to 11 were paraphrased in "The Lord will come and not be slow", a hymn by [[John Milton]].{{sfn|Hymnary|2020}}

== The Four Virtues ==
In verse 10 in the KJV, virtues are described as meeting: "Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other", in erotic imagery,{{sfn|Portier-Young|2014|p=328}} which became a popular theme for artworks from the Middle Ages through the 18th century.{{sfn|Rosenberg|Funaroli|1982|p=252}} These include paintings by [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo|Tiepolo]], [[Lanfranco]], [[Pompeo Batoni]], [[Nicolas Prévost]], and [[Laurent de La Hyre]].{{sfn|Rosenberg|Funaroli|1982|p=252}} In 2003, American artist [[John August Swanson]] produced the work ''Psalm 85''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050219133233/http://www.johnaugustswanson.com/default.cfm?PID=1.2.14 "Psalm 85"] (2003)</ref>{{sfn|Gates|Mann|2012|p=xxi–xxiii}} The verse was also engraved on a [[Napoleon Tiara|papal tiara]] which Napoleon gave to [[Pope Pius VII]].

The four virtues, Mercy, Truth, Righteousness (or Justice), and Peace, are allegorized as [[Four Daughters of God]].{{sfn|Lavin|2005|p=178}} The psalm has also been quoted in nonviolent movements, for example in a 1993 document of Catholic bishops in the United States, for its verse "for he will speak peace unto his people".{{sfn|McCarthy|2012|p=183}}

<gallery mode="packed" heights="180px">
Peterborough Psalter c 1220-25 Mercy and Truth.jpg|''Mercy and Truth'', 13th century
Der Kuß von Gerechtigkeit und Friede.jpg|''Der Kuß von Gerechtigkeit und Friede'', Antwerp, c. 1580
'The Kiss of Peace and Justice' by Laurent de La Hyre, 1654,.JPG|''The Kiss of Peace and Justice'' by [[Laurent de La Hyre]], 1654
Tiepolo Justice and Peace.jpg|''Justice and Peace'' by [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo|Tiepolo]], 18th century
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{Free-content attribution|
| title = The Holy Scriptures
| author =
| publisher = [[The Jewish Publication Society of America]]
| source= 
| documentURL = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Jewish_Publication_Society_1917)/Psalms
| License statement URL = 
| license =
}}

* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zkla5Gl_66oC&pg=PA44|title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia|first=Geoffrey W. |last=Bromiley|year=1995|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=9780802837851}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0JJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR21|title=Nurturing the Prophetic Imagination|editor-first=Jamie|editor-last=Gates|editor2-first=Mark|editor2-last=Mann|year=2012|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=9781621895886}}
*{{citation|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=THmySuXfArIC&pg=PA178|chapter=Bernini at St. Peter's: ''Singularis in Singulis, in Omnibus Unicus''|first=Irving|last=Lavin|title=St. Peter's in the Vatican|editor-first=William|editor-last=Tronzo|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521640961}}
* {{cite book
| last = McCarthy
| first = Eli Sasaran
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RmhJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA183
| title = Becoming Nonviolent Peacemakers: A Virtue Ethic for Catholic Social Teaching and U.S. Policy
| publisher = Wipf and Stock Publishers
| date = 2012
| page = 183
| isbn = 978-1-62-189854-2
| ref = {{sfnref|McCarthy|2012}}
}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbuPJeQyeskC&pg=PA209|title=The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer: The Ashkenazic and Sephardic Rites|first=Macy|last=Nulman|year=1996|publisher=Jason Aronson|isbn=1461631246}}
* {{cite book
| last = Portier-Young
| first = Anathea E.
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4DQ0AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA328
| title = Apocalypse Against Empire: Theologies of Resistance in Early Judaism
| publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
| date = 2014
| page = 328
| isbn = 978-0-80-287083-4
| ref = {{sfnref|Portier-Young|2014}}
}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FfrJYXuwZ7wC&pg=PA252|title=France in the Golden Age: Seventeenth-century French Paintings in American Collections|first1=Pierre |last1=Rosenberg|first2=Marc|last2=Funaroli|year=1982|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=9780870992957}}
*{{cite book|title=The Complete Artscroll Siddur|first=Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman|year=1987|publisher=[[Artscroll|Mesorah Publications, Ltd.]]|isbn=978-0-89906-6509|edition=2nd}}
* {{cite web
| url = http://www.canticanova.com/planning/year-b/pln3ab_l.htm
| title = Liturgical Information / The Third Sunday of Advent [Gaudete Sunday] (B)
| website = canticanova.com
| date = 2020
| access-date = 19 January 2020
| ref = {{sfnref|Cantica|2020}}
}}
* {{cite web
| url = https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/85?sort=totalInstances
| title = Hymns for Psalm 85
| website = hymnary.org
| date = 2020
| access-date = 19 January 2020
| ref = {{sfnref|Hymnary|2020}}
}}

== External links ==
{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 85|Psalm 85}}
{{commons category}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 85|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 85}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 85}}
* [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2685.htm Psalms Chapter 85 תְּהִלִּים] text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
* Text of Psalm 85 according to the [http://www.commonprayer.org/offices/psalter/psalm85.cfm 1928 Psalter]
* [https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-85/ Psalm 85 – Praying for Revival and Restoration] text and detailed commentary, enduringword.com
* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/85 For the leader. A psalm of the Korahites. / You once favored, LORD, your land, / restored the captives of Jacob.] text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* [https://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/psalms/psalm_85/text.shtml PSAL. LXXXV.] translation by [[John Milton]], dartmouth.edu
* [https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/treasury-of-david/psalms-85-1.html Psalm 85:1] introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-85 Psalm 85 / Refrain: Show us your mercy, O Lord.] [[Church of England]]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=psalm%20085 Psalm 85] at biblegateway.com
* [https://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/calvin/cc10/cc10019.htm Calvin's Commentaries, Vol. 10: Psalms, Part III, tr. by John King, (1847-50) / Psalm 85] sacred-texts.com
* [http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2008/12/advent-3-gaudete-in-domino.html Advent 3: Gaudete in Domino] chantblog.blogspot.com 2008
* [[Charles H. Spurgeon]]: [https://archive.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps085.php Psalm 85] detailed commentary, archive.spurgeon.org

{{Psalms}}

[[Category:Psalms|085]]