Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Ethical movement

2013-01-15T02:08:50Z

Chessophile: added a link to the Ethical Culture Society of Westchester

{{Primary sources|date=February 2011}}
The '''Ethical movement''', also referred to as the '''Ethical Culture movement''' or simply '''Ethical Culture,''' is an [[ethical]], [[educational]], and [[religion|religious]] movement that is usually traced back to [[Felix Adler (Professor)|Felix Adler]].<ref name=BK>[http://books.google.com/books?id=x2nYAAAAMAAJ From Reform Judaism to ethical culture: the religious evolution of Felix Adler] Benny Kraut, Hebrew Union College Press, 1979</ref> Individual chapter organizations are generically referred to as "Ethical Societies", though their names may include "Ethical Society," "Ethical Culture Society," "Society for Ethical Culture," "Ethical Humanist Society," or other variations on the theme of "Ethical."

Ethical Culture is premised on the idea that honoring and living in accordance with ''ethical principles'' is central to what it takes to live meaningful and fulfilling lives, and to creating a world that is good for all. Practitioners of Ethical Culture focus on supporting one another in becoming better people, and on doing good in the world.<ref name=BD/><ref name=Deed/>

The American Ethical Union is a federation of about 25 Ethical Societies in the United States, representing the Ethical Culture movement. It is one of the founding member organizations of the [[International Humanist and Ethical Union]].

[[File:William H Childs house.jpg|thumb|Brooklyn Society for Ethical Culture building on Prospect Park West, originally designed by architect [[William Tubby]] as a home for William H. Childs (inventor of [[Bon Ami|Bon Ami Cleaning Powder]])]]

==History==

===United States===
In his youth Felix Adler was being groomed to be a rabbi like his father, [[Samuel Adler (rabbi)|Samuel Adler]], the rabbi of the [[Reform Judaism|Reform Jewish]] [[Congregation Emanu-El of New York|Temple Emanu-El]] in New York. As part of his education he enrolled at [[University of Heidelberg]] where he was influenced by [[Neo-Kantian]] philosophy. He was especially drawn to the Kantian ideas that one could not prove the existence or non-existence of deities or immortality and that morality could be established independently of theology.<ref name=Radest>Howard B. Radest. 1969. ''Toward Common Ground: The Story of the Ethical Societies in the United States.'' New York: Fredrick Unger Publishing Co.</ref> During this time he was also exposed to the moral problems caused by the exploitation of women and labor. These experiences laid the intellectual groundwork for the ethical movement. Upon his return from Germany, in 1873, he shared his ethical vision with his father's congregation in the form of a sermon. Due to the negative reaction he elicited it became his first and last sermon as a rabbi in training.<ref name=Campbell>Colin Campbell. 1971. ''Towards a Sociology of Irreligion.'' London: McMillan Press.</ref> Instead he took up a professorship at [[Cornell University]] and in 1876 gave a follow up sermon that led to the 1877 founding of the New York Society for Ethical Culture, which was the first of its kind.<ref name=Radest/> By 1886, similar societies had sprouted up in Philadelphia, Chicago and St. Louis.<ref name=Campbell/>

These societies all adopted the same statement of principles:
*The belief that morality is independent of theology;
*The affirmation that new moral problems have arisen in modern industrial society which have not been adequately dealt with by the world's religions;
*The duty to engage in philanthropy in the advancement of morality;
*The belief that self-reform should go in lock step with social reform;
*The establishment of republican rather than monarchical governance of Ethical societies
*The agreement that educating the young is the most important aim.
In effect, the movement responded to the religious crisis of the time by replacing theology with unadulterated morality. It aimed to "disentangle moral ideas from [[religious doctrines]], [[metaphysics|metaphysical]] systems, and ethical theories, and to make them an independent force in personal life and social relations."<ref name=Campbell/> Adler was also particularly critical of the religious emphasis on creed, believing it to be the source of sectarian bigotry. He therefore attempted to provide a universal fellowship devoid of ritual and ceremony, for those who would otherwise be divided by creeds. For the same reasons the movement also adopted a neutral position on religious beliefs, advocating neither [[atheism]] nor [[theism]], [[agnosticism]] nor [[deism]].<ref name=Campbell/>

[[File:Ecsoncpw.JPG|thumb|ECS on [[Central Park West]]]]

The Adlerian emphasis on "deed not creed" translated into several public service projects. The year after it was founded, the New York society started a kindergarten, a district nursing service and a tenement-house building company. Later they opened the [[Ethical Culture School]], then called the "Workingman's School," a Sunday school and a summer home for children, and other Ethical societies soon followed suit with similar projects. Unlike the philanthropic efforts of the established religious institutions of the time, the Ethical societies did not attempt to proselytize those they helped. In fact, they rarely attempted to convert anyone. New members had to be sponsored by existing members, and women were not allowed to join at all until 1893. They also resisted formalization, though nevertheless slowly adopted certain traditional practices, like Sunday meetings and life cycle ceremonies, yet did so in a modern humanistic context. In 1893, the four existing societies unified under the umbrella organization, the American Ethical Union.<ref name=Campbell/>

After some initial success the movement stagnated until after World War II. In 1946 efforts were made to revitalize and societies were created in New Jersey and Washington D.C., along with the inauguration of the [[Encampment for Citizenship]]. By 1968 there were thirty societies with a total national membership of over 5,500. However, the resuscitated movement differed from its predecessor in a few ways. The newer groups were being created in suburban locales and often to provide alternative Sunday schools for children, with adult activities as an afterthought. There was also a greater focus on organization and bureaucracy, along with an inward turn emphasizing the needs of the group members over the more general social issues that had originally concerned Adler. The result was a transformation of American ethical societies into something much more akin to small Christian congregations in which the minister's most pressing concern is to tend to his or her flock.<ref name=Campbell/>

===Great Britain===
The [[South Place Ethical Society]] plays a key role in this story. It was founded in 1793 as the [[South Place Chapel]] on [[Finsbury Square]], on the edge of the [[City of London]]
,<ref>[http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/4C693561-BCDF-4A35-9EF9-2591DC0C064A/0/DP_PL_FinsburyCircusAppendixA.pdf City of London page on Finsbury Circus Conservation Area Character Summary]</ref> and in the early nineteenth century was known as "a radical gathering-place.<ref>"''The Sexual Contract'', by Carole Patema. P160</ref> At that point it was a [[General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches|Unitarian]] chapel, and that movement, like Quakers, supported female equality.<ref>[http://www.keele.ac.uk/history/currentundergraduates/tltp/WOMEN/RENDELL/CORE1.HTM#Title "Women's Politics in Britain 1780-1870: Claiming Citizenship" by Jane Rendall, esp. "72. The religious backgrounds of feminist activists"]</ref> Under the leadership of Reverend [[William Johnson Fox]],<ref>[http://www.ethicalsoc.org.uk/history.htm Ethical Society history page]</ref> it lent its pulpit to activists such as [[Anna Doyle Wheeler]], one of the first women to campaign for feminism at public meetings in England, who spoke in 1829 on "Rights of Women." In later decades, the chapel moved away from Unitarianism, changing its name first to the South Place Religious Society and then the South Place Ethical Society (a name it still formally bears, though it has been better known since 1929 as Conway Hall).

It was not alone. The short lived [[Fellowship of the New Life]], established in 1883, furnished the London Ethical Society with much of its membership when it disbanded. Those who did not join the Ethical Society made their way to the much more politically active [[Fabian Society]], which was itself a direct offshoot of the Fellowship.<ref name=Campbell/>

In 1885 the ten year old American Ethical Culture movement helped to stimulate similar social activity in Great Britain, when American sociologist [[John Graham Brooks]] distributed pamphlets by Chicago ethical society leader [[William Mackintire Salter|William Salter]] to a group of British philosophers, including [[Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)|Bernard Bosanquet]], [[John Henry Muirhead]], and [[John Stuart MacKenzie]]. One of Felix Adler's colleagues, [[Stanton Coit]], visited them in London to discuss the "aims and principles" of their American counterparts. In 1886 the first British ethical society was founded. Coit took over the leadership of South Place for a few years.

Ethical societies flourished in Great Britain. By 1896 the four London societies formed the Union of Ethical Societies, and between 1905 and 1910 there were over fifty societies in Great Britain, seventeen of which were affiliated with the Union. Part of this rapid growth was due to Coit, who left his role as leader of South Place in 1892 after being denied the power and authority he was vying for.

Because he was firmly entrenched in British ethicism, Coit remained in London and formed the West London Ethical Society, which was almost completely under his control. Coit worked quickly to shape the West London society not only around Ethical Culture but also the trappings of religious practice, renaming the society in 1914 to the Ethical Church. He transformed his meetings into services, and their space into something akin to a church. In a series of books Coit also began to argue for the transformation of the Anglican Church into an Ethical Church, while holding up the virtue of ethical ritual. He felt that the Anglican Church was in the unique position to harness the natural moral impulse that stemmed from society itself, as long as the Church replaced theology with science, abandoned supernatural beliefs, expanded its bible to include a cross-cultural selection of ethical literature and reinterpreted its creeds and liturgy in light of modern ethics and psychology. His attempt to reform the Anglican church failed, and ten years after his death in 1944, the Ethical Church building was sold to the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref name=Campbell/>

During Stanton Coit's lifetime, the Ethical Church never officially affiliated with the Union of Ethical Societies, nor did South Place. In 1920 the Union of Ethical Societies changed its name to the Ethical Union.<ref name=MacKillip>I.D. MacKillop. 1986. ''The British Ethical Societies.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref> [[Harold Blackham]], who had taken over leadership of the London Ethical Church, then promoted its merger with the [[Rationalist Press Association]] and the South Place Ethical Society, and, in 1957, a Humanist Council was set up to explore amalgamation. Although issues over charitable status prevented a full amalgamation, the Ethical Union under Blackham changed its name in 1967 to become the [[British Humanist Association]]. The BHA is thus the legal successor body to the Union of Ethical Societies.<ref name=bha>[http://www.humanism.org.uk/about/history British Humanist Association: Our History since 1896]</ref>

Between 1886 and 1927 seventy-four ethical societies were started in Great Britain, although this rapid growth did not last long. The numbers declined steadily throughout the 1920s and early 30s, until there were only ten societies left in 1934. By 1954 there were only four. The situation became such that in 1971, sociologist Colin Campbell even suggested that one could say, "that when the South Place Ethical Society discussed changing its name to the South Place Humanist society in 1969, the English ethical movement ceased to exist."<ref name=Campbell/>

==Ethical perspective==
While Ethical Culturists generally share common beliefs about what constitutes ethical behavior and the [[Goodness and value theory|good]], individuals are encouraged to develop their own personal understanding of these ideas. This does not mean that Ethical Culturists condone [[moral relativism]], which would relegate ethics to mere preferences or social conventions. Ethical principles are viewed as being related to deep truths about the way the world works, and hence not arbitrary. However, it is recognized that complexities render the understanding of ethical nuances subject to continued [[dialogue]], exploration, and learning.

While the founder of Ethical Culture, [[Felix Adler (Society for Ethical Culture)|Felix Adler]], was a [[transcendentalist]], Ethical Culturists may have a variety of understandings as to the theoretical origins of ethics. Key to the founding of Ethical Culture was the observation that too often disputes over religious or philosophical [[doctrine]]s have distracted people from actually living ethically and doing good. Consequently, ''"Deed before [[creed]]"'' has long been a [[motto]] of the movement.<ref name=Deed>[http://books.google.com/books?id=_j0rAAAAYAAJ The conservator, Volumes 3-4], Horace Traubel, Volume 3, page 31</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=eCFIAAAAMAAJ&q=deed+not+creed#search_anchor Ethics as a Religion], David Saville Muzzey, 273 pages, 1951, 1967, 1986</ref>

==Religious aspect==
Functionally, Ethical Societies are similar to [[Church (building)|church]]es or [[synagogue]]s and are headed by "leaders" as [[clergy]]. Ethical Societies typically have Sunday morning meetings, offer moral instruction for children and teens, and do charitable work and social action. They may offer a variety of educational and other programs. They conduct [[wedding]]s, [[Domestic partnership|commitment ceremonies]], baby namings, and [[funeral|memorial service]]s.

Individual Ethical Society members may or may not believe in a [[deity]] or regard Ethical Culture as their religion. In this regard, Ethical Culture is similar to traditional religions such as [[Buddhism]] and [[Taoism]], about whose practitioners similar statements could be made. Felix Adler said "Ethical Culture is religious to those who are religiously minded, and merely ethical to those who are not so minded." The movement does consider itself a religion in the sense that

{{quote |Religion is that set of beliefs and/or institutions, behaviors and emotions which bind human beings to something beyond their individual selves and foster in its adherents a sense of humility and gratitude that, in turn, sets the tone of one’s world-view and requires certain behavioral dispositions relative to that which transcends personal interests.}}

The Ethical Culture 2003 ethical identity statement states:

{{quote |It is a chief belief of Ethical religion that if we relate to others in a way that brings out their best, we will at the same time elicit the best in ourselves. By the "best" in each person, we refer to his or her unique talents and abilities that affirm and nurture life. We use the term "spirit" to refer to a person’s unique personality and to the love, hope, and empathy that exists in human beings. When we act to elicit the best in others, we encourage the growing edge of their ethical development, their perhaps as-yet untapped but inexhaustible worth.}}

Since around 1950 the Ethical Culture movement has been increasingly identified as part of the modern [[Humanism|Humanist]] movement. Specifically, in 1952, the [[American Ethical Union]], the national umbrella organization for Ethical Culture societies in the [[United States]], became one of the founding member organizations of the [[International Humanist and Ethical Union]].

==Key ideas==
While Ethical Culture does not regard its founder's views as necessarily the final word, [[Felix Adler (Society for Ethical Culture)|Adler]] identified focal ideas that remain important within Ethical Culture. These ideas include:

* ''Human Worth and Uniqueness'' – All people are taken to have inherent worth, not dependent on the value of what they do. They are deserving of respect and dignity, and their unique gifts are to be encouraged and celebrated.<ref name =BD/>
* ''Eliciting the Best'' – "Always act so as to Elicit the best in others, and thereby yourself" is as close as Ethical Culture comes to having a [[Ethic of reciprocity|Golden Rule]].<ref name=BD>{{citation | publisher = Google | series = Books | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Hz8OAAAAQAAJ | title = Biographical dictionary of twentieth-century philosophers | contribution = Adler | page = 7 | first1 = Stuart C | last1 = Brown | first2 = Diané | last2 = Collinson}}.</ref>
* ''Interrelatedness'' – Adler used the term ''The Ethical Manifold'' to refer to his conception of the universe as made up of myriad unique and indispensable moral agents (individual human beings), each of whom has an inestimable influence on all the others. In other words, we are all interrelated, with each person playing a role in the whole and the whole affecting each person. Our interrelatedness is at the heart of ethics.

Many Ethical Societies prominently display a sign that says "The Place Where People Meet to Seek the Highest is Holy Ground".<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.paulgoldberger.com/lectures/46 | title = Architecture, Sacred Space, and the Challenge of the Modern | first = Paul | last = Goldberger | publisher = Chautauqua Institution | date = August 12, 2010}}.</ref>

==Locations==
The largest concentration of Ethical Societies is in the [[New York City|New York]] metropolitan area, including Societies in New York, [[Manhattan]], the Bronx,<ref>[http://www.rysec.blogspot.com Riverdale Yonkers Society for Ethical Culture]</ref> [[Brooklyn]], Queens, Westchester and Nassau County; and [[New Jersey]], such as [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen]] and Essex Counties, New Jersey.<ref>[http://aeu.org/index.php?case=members Ethical Societies].</ref><ref>[http://www.ethicalfocus.org Bergen, NJ Society]</ref>

Ethical Societies exist in a score or so U.S. cities and counties, including [[Austin, Texas]]; [[Baltimore]]; [[Boston]]; [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]] and [[Asheville, North Carolina]]; [[Chicago]]; [[Silicon Valley, California]]; [[Rittenhouse Square]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]; [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]] and [[St. Peters, Missouri]]; [[Washington, D.C.]], and [[Vienna, Virginia]].

Ethical Societies also exist outside the U.S. Conway Hall in [[London]] is home to the [[South Place Ethical Society]], which was founded in 1787.<ref>South Place Ethical Society, [http://www.ethicalsoc.org.uk/spes/about About the Society].</ref>

There is also an Ethical Society located in cyberspace, the Ethical Society Without Walls. ESWoW is a virtual society, utilizing the internet to create a community beyond the usual physical limitations of region. Likewise, there is no "[[brick and mortar]]" meeting house, hence the "without walls" in the name.

==Structure and events==
Ethical societies are typically led by "Leaders" elected from the body of society members by the same members. A board of executives handles day-to-day affairs, and committees of members focus on specific activities and involvements of the society.

Ethical societies usually hold weekly meetings on Sundays, with the main event of each meeting being the "Platform", which involves a half-hour speech by the Leader of the Ethical Society, a member of the society or by guests. [[Sunday school]] for minors is also held at most ethical societies concurrent with the Platform.

the American Ethical Union holds an annual AEU Assembly bringing together Ethical societies from across the US.

==Legal challenges==
The tax status of Ethical Societies as religious organizations has been upheld in court cases in Washington, D.C. (1957), and in Austin, Texas (2003). The Texas State Appeals Court said of the challenge by the state comptroller [[Carole Keeton Strayhorn]], "the Comptroller's test [requiring a group to demonstrate its belief in a [[Supreme Being]]] fails to include the whole range of belief systems that may, in our diverse and [[Pluralism (political philosophy)|pluralistic]] society, merit the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]]'s protection."<ref>[http://www-camlaw.rutgers.edu/publications/law-religion/new_devs/RJLR_ND_72.pdf Report on Texas Court of Appeals decision], rutgers.edu, 2003</ref>

==Advocates==
[[Albert Einstein]] was a supporter of Ethical Culture. On the seventy-fifth anniversary of the New York Society for Ethical Culture he noted that the idea of Ethical Culture embodied his personal conception of what is most valuable and enduring in religious idealism. Humanity requires such a belief to survive, Einstein argued. He observed, "Without 'ethical culture' there is no salvation for humanity."<ref>{{cite book |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=WQYtAAAAMAAJ&q=salvation+for+humanity#search_anchor |title=The Humanist Way: An Introduction to Ethical Humanist Religion |accessdate=2008-07-23 |author=Ericson, Edward L |date= |work= |publisher=The American Ethical Union}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Washington Ethical Society v. District of Columbia]]
* [[Arthur E. Briggs]], Los Angeles City Council member, 1939–41, Ethical Society leader
* [[British Humanist Association]], which inherited many British ethical societies
* [[Unitarian Universalism]]
* [[Religious humanism]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{JewishEncyclopedia|article=Ethical Culture, Society for|author=[[Edward William Bennett]]|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=E&artid=498}}

==Further reading==
{{Wikisource|Portal:Ethical Culture}}
* Ericson, Edward L. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=WQYtAAAAMAAJ&q=salvation+for+humanity#search_anchor The Humanist Way: An Introduction to Ethical Humanist Religion]''. A Frederick Ungar book, The Continuum Publishing Company. 205 pages, 1988.
*Radest, Howard. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=2e8ZAAAAMAAJ Toward Common Ground: The Story of the Ethical Societies in the United States]''. Ungar, 1969
* Muzzey, David Saville. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=eCFIAAAAMAAJ Ethics as a Religion]'', 273 pages, 1951, 1967, 1986.

==External links==
* [http://aeu.org/library/articles/Ethical_Culture.pdf Ethical Culture Leaders Statement 2008]
* [http://www.eswow.org Ethical Society Without Walls]
* [http://ethicalsocietywestchester.org/ Ethical Culture Society of Westchester]
* [http://ehsli.org/ Ethical Humanist Society of Long Island]
* [http://ethicalhuman.org/ Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago]
* [http://www.bsec.org/reference/ethicalculture/vision/conceptmap/ A Concept Map for Ethical Culture]
* [http://aeu.org/library/display_article.php?article_id=11 The Essential Difference Between Ethical Societies and The Churches] - Adler's vision of what Ethical Societies were about, 1905.
* Society overviews of Ethical Culture [http://aeu.org/index.php?case=whatis FAQ], [http://www.ethicalstl.org/who_philosophyandbeliefs.php Philosophy and Beliefs of Ethical Humanism], [http://eswow.org/about_ec.php About], [http://bsec.org/6601/11001.html Guiding principles, Brooklyn Society]
* [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=498&letter=E Society for Ethical Culture] by Edward William Bennett in ''Jewish Encyclopedia''
* [http://ethicalfocus.org/four-types-of-religious-humanism/ Four Types of Religious Humanism] by Joseph Chuman, 2004.
* [[s:Comptroller of Public Accounts v. Ethical Society of Austin|Comptroller of Public Accounts v. Ethical Society of Austin]]
** [http://www.3rdcoa.courts.state.tx.us/opinions/HTMLopinion.asp?OpinionID=11583 Texas Court of Appeals, Third District, At Austin]
** [http://www-camlaw.rutgers.edu/publications/law-religion/new_devs/RJLR_ND_72.pdf Report on Texas Court of Appeals decision], 2003.
*[http://www.aeu.org/ AEU website]

{{Religion topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}

[[Category:Ethical movement|*]]

[[de:Ethische Bewegung]]

TPS report

2012-02-06T12:23:38Z

Chessophile:

A '''TPS report''' (Testing Procedure Specification) is a document used in [[software engineering]], in particular by a Software [[Quality Assurance]] group or individual, that describes the testing procedures and the testing process.

== Definition ==
The official definition and creation is provided by the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) as follows:
:'''''[[IEEE 829]] - Test Procedure Specification'''''
:''The Test Procedures are developed from both the Test Design and the Test Case Specification. The document describes how the tester will physically run the test, the physical set-up required, and the procedure steps that need to be followed. The standard defines ten procedure steps that may be applied when running a test.''

== In popular culture ==
After its use in the comedic film ''[[Office Space]]'', "TPS report" has come to connote pointless [[busy work|mindless paperwork]],<ref>Steven S. Little, ''The Milkshake Moment: Overcoming Stupid Systems, Pointless Policies and Muddled Management to Realize Real Growth'' ([[John Wiley & Sons]], 2008), ISBN 9780470257463, p.51. [http://books.google.com/books?id=JodaaDKkd0YC&pg=PA51 Excerpt available] at [[Google Books]].</ref> and an example of "literacy practices" in the work environment that are "meaningless exercises imposed upon employees by an inept and uncaring management" and "relentlessly mundane and enervating".<ref>Bronwyn T. Williams, Amy A. Zenger, ''Popular Culture and Representations of Literacy'' ([[Routledge]]/[[Taylor & Francis]], 2007), ISBN 978-0415360951, p. 61. [http://books.google.com/books?id=I0QJoEWyLD8C&pg=PA61 Excerpt available] at [[Google Books]].</ref> According to the film's writer and director [[Mike Judge]], the acronym stood for "Test Program Set" in the movie.<ref>http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/15765/92346</ref> In the story, the protagonist is reprimanded by several of his superiors for forgetting to put the new cover sheet on his TPS report.

In the 2003 [[Reebok]] [[Super Bowl XXXVII]] television commercial [[Terry Tate: Office Linebacker]], [[Lester Speight]], as "Terrible" Terry Tate is seen meting out office punishment to an unseen employee named Richard for not having a cover sheet on his TPS report.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std_public/description/se/829-1998_desc.html IEEE 829-1998 - Standard for Software Test Documentation]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tps Report}}
[[Category:Software testing]]
[[Category:Pop-culture neologisms]]
[[Category:Computer humor]]

{{Compu-prog-stub}}
{{culture-stub}}

TPS report

2012-02-03T14:18:25Z

Chessophile:

A '''TPS report''' (Testing Procedure Specification) is a document used in [[software engineering]], in particular by a Software [[Quality Assurance]] group or individual, that describes the testing procedures and the testing process.

== Definition ==
The official definition and creation is provided by the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) as follows:
:'''''[[IEEE 829]] - Test Procedure Specification'''''
:''The Test Procedures are developed from both the Test Design and the Test Case Specification. The document describes how the tester will physically run the test, the physical set-up required, and the procedure steps that need to be followed. The standard defines ten procedure steps that may be applied when running a test.''

== In popular culture ==
After its use in the comedic film ''[[Office Space]]'', "TPS report" has come to connote pointless [[busy work|mindless paperwork]],<ref>Steven S. Little, ''The Milkshake Moment: Overcoming Stupid Systems, Pointless Policies and Muddled Management to Realize Real Growth'' ([[John Wiley & Sons]], 2008), ISBN 9780470257463, p.51. [http://books.google.com/books?id=JodaaDKkd0YC&pg=PA51 Excerpt available] at [[Google Books]].</ref> and an example of "literacy practices" in the work environment that are "meaningless exercises imposed upon employees by an inept and uncaring management" and "relentlessly mundane and enervating".<ref>Bronwyn T. Williams, Amy A. Zenger, ''Popular Culture and Representations of Literacy'' ([[Routledge]]/[[Taylor & Francis]], 2007), ISBN 978-0415360951, p. 61. [http://books.google.com/books?id=I0QJoEWyLD8C&pg=PA61 Excerpt available] at [[Google Books]].</ref> According to the film's writer and director [[Mike Judge]], the acronym stood for "Test Program Set" in the movie.<ref>http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/15765/92346</ref> In the story, the protagonist is reprimanded by several of his superiors for forgetting to put the new cover sheet on his TPS report.

In the 2003 [[Reebok]] [[Super Bowl XXXVII]] television commercial [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Tate:_Office_Linebacker|Terry Tate: Office Linebacke] [[Lester Speight]] as "Terrible" Terry Tate is seen meting out office punishment to an unseen employee named Richard for not having a cover sheet on his TPS report.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std_public/description/se/829-1998_desc.html IEEE 829-1998 - Standard for Software Test Documentation]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tps Report}}
[[Category:Software testing]]
[[Category:Pop-culture neologisms]]
[[Category:Computer humor]]

{{Compu-prog-stub}}
{{culture-stub}}

White Plains, New York

2011-05-05T12:17:01Z

Chessophile: /* Notes */

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|latd = 41 |latm = 2 |lats = 24 |latNS = N
|longd = 73 |longm = 46 |longs = 43 |longEW = W
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 10600-10699
|area_code = [[Area code 914|914]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 36-81677{{GR|2}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0977432{{GR|3}}
|footnotes =
|website = {{url|http://www.cityofwhiteplains.com}}
}}
'''White Plains''' is a [[city]] and the [[county seat]] of [[Westchester County, New York]], [[United States]]. It is located in south-central Westchester, about {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} east of the [[Hudson River]] and {{convert|2.5|mi|km|1}} northwest of [[Long Island Sound]]. It is bordered to the north by the town of [[North Castle, New York|North Castle]], to the north and east by the town/village of [[Harrison, New York|Harrison]], to the south by the town/village of [[Scarsdale, New York|Scarsdale]] and to the west by the town of [[Greenburgh, New York|Greenburgh]]. As of the [[2000 United States Census|2000 U.S. census]], the city had a total population of 53,077, while a 2006 census estimate put the city's population at 57,081.{{GR|2}} According to the city government, the daytime weekday population is estimated at 250,000.<ref>Fernanda Santos, ''New York Times'': [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/25/nyregion/25plains.html?fta=y Crimes in White Plains Decline to Record Lows], January 25, 2008. White Plains is also known as Dubset. People from White plains rep the set, and rep it hard.</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
At the time of the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] settlement of [[Manhattan]] in the early 17th century, the region had been used as farmland by the Weckquaeskeck tribe, members of the [[Mohican]] nation and was called "Quarropas".<ref name="Odom">Karen Odom, ''Westchester Magazine'': [http://www.westchestermagazine.com/Westchester-Magazine/November-2004/Welcome-Back-to-Whitse-Plains/ Welcome (Back) to White Plains], June 11, 2007</ref> To early traders it was known as "the White Plains", either from the groves of white balsam which are said to have covered it,<ref name="Britannica">''Encyclopedia Britannica'', Eleventh Edition (1911), Volume XXVIII, p. 607.</ref> or from the heavy mist that local tradition suggests hovered over the swamplands near the [[Bronx River]].<ref name="Hoffman">Hoffman, Redona. ''Yesterday in White Plains, a Picture History of a Vanished Era'', Second Edition, Privately Published, 1984. Available from the White Plains, NY Public Library and other sources.</ref> The first non-native settlement came in November 1683, when a party of [[Connecticut]] [[Puritans]] moved westward from an earlier settlement in [[Rye (city), New York|Rye]] and bought about {{convert|4400|acre}}, presumably from the Weckquaeskeck.<ref name="Odom"/> However, John Richbell of [[Mamaroneck (town), New York|Mamaroneck]], claimed to have earlier title to much of the territory through his purchase of a far larger plot extending {{convert|20|mi|km|0}} inland, perhaps from a different tribe.<ref name="Hoffman"/> The matter wasn't settled until 1721, when a [[Land patent|Royal Patent]] for White Plains was granted by [[George II of Great Britain|King George II]].<ref name="Hoffman"/>

In 1758, White Plains became the seat of Westchester County when the colonial government for the county left West Chester, which was located in what is now the northern part of the borough of the [[Bronx]], in New York City. The unincorporated village remained part of the Town of Rye until 1788, when the Town of White Plains was created.<ref name="Hoffman"/>

On July 9, 1776, a copy of the [[Declaration of Independence]] was delivered to the New York Provincial Congress, which was meeting in the county courthouse. The delegates quickly adopted a resolution approving the Declaration, thus declaring both the colony's independence and the formation of the [[State of New York]]. The Declaration itself was first publicly read from the steps of the courthouse on July 11.<ref name="Hoffman"/>

During September and October 1776, troops led by [[George Washington]] took up positions in the hills of the village, hotly pursued by the British under General [[Sir William Howe]], who attacked on October 28.<ref name="Hoffman"/> The [[Battle of White Plains]] took place primarily on Chatterton Hill, (later known as "Battle Hill," and located just west of what was then a swamp but is now the downtown area) and the Bronx River. Howe's force of 4,000-6,000 British and [[Hessian (soldiers)|Hessian soldiers]] required three attacks before the Continentals, numbering about 1,600 under the command of Generals Alexander McDougall and Israel Putnam, retreated, joining Washington's main force, which did not take part in the battle. Howe's forces had suffered 250 casualties, a severe loss, and he made no attempt to pursue the Continentals, whose casualties were about 125 dead and wounded. Three days after the battle Washington withdrew north of the village, which was then occupied by Howe's forces. But after several inconclusive skirmishes over the next week Howe withdrew on November 5, leaving White Plains to the Continentals.<ref name="Hoffman"/> Ironically, one of Washington's subordinates, Major John Austin, who was probably drunk after having celebrated the enemy's withdrawal, reentered the village with his detachment and proceeded to burn it down. Although he was court-martialed and convicted for this action, he escaped punishment.<ref name="Hoffman"/>

The first [[United States Census]], conducted in 1790, listed the White Plains population at 505, of whom 46 were slaves.<ref name="Hoffman"/> (New York City's population at that time was about 33,000.) By 1800, the population stood at 575 and in 1830, 830.<ref name="Hoffman"/> By 1870, 26 years after the arrival of the [[New York Central Railroad]], it had swollen to 2,630<ref name="Hoffman"/> and by 1890 to 4,508. In the decades that followed the count grew to 7,899 (1900) and 26,425 (1910).<ref name="Britannica"/> White Plains was incorporated as a village in 1866 and as a city in 1916.

===Modern history===
[[Image:Mainstwilliamst22hu.jpg|thumb|right|Main Street in White Plains]]
[[Image:Downtown White Plains.jpg|thumb|left|The Ritz Carlton]]
Early in the 20th century, White Plains' downtown area developed into a dominant suburban shopping district and featured branch stores of many famous New York-based department and specialty stores. Some of these retail locations were the first large scale suburban stores built in the United States, and ushered in the eventual post-[[World War II]] building boom.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} With the construction of the parkways and expressways in the 1940s and 1960s, White Plains' role as a destination retail location was only enhanced. With a city opening ceremony Macy's launched a grand White Plains store on Main Street across from City Hall in 1949. As the mayor said at the time, this was a significant event in the life of White Plains. Other stores later followed such as [[B. Altman & Co.]], Rogers Peet, [[Saks Fifth Avenue]], [[Alexander's]], Wallach's and a short-lived branch of [[Bergdorf Goodman]], which was later converted to sister chain, [[Neiman Marcus]], in 1981. White Plains is still a huge retail destination in the area with [[Bloomingdale's]], [[Neiman Marcus]], [[Nordstrom]], [[Nordstrom Rack]], [[Macy's]], [[Sears]], [[Burlington Coat Factory]], and over 1000 other small and mid-size stores in four malls.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}

During the late 1960s, the city of White Plains developed an extensive urban renewal plan for residential, commercial and mixed-use redevelopment that effectively called for the demolition of its entire central business district from the [[Bronx River Parkway]] east to Mamaroneck Avenue. By 1978, the [[urban renewal]] program centered around the construction of the Westchester County Courthouse (1974), the Westchester One office building (1975), the [[Galleria at White Plains]] mall (1978), and a number of other office towers, retail centers and smaller commercial buildings.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}}

At the time of its construction, the Westchester One building was the largest office building between New York City and [[Albany, New York|Albany]], and east to [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}}

Beginning in the 1950s, many major [[corporations]] based in [[New York City]] relocated operations to White Plains and other nearby locations. These included [[General Foods]], [[PepsiCo]], [[Hitachi, Ltd.|Hitachi]] USA, [[IBM]], [[Nestle]], [[Snapple]] and [[Heineken]] USA. At the height of the 1980s, at least 50 [[Fortune 500]] corporations called Westchester County and nearby Fairfield County, CT, home, but with the corporate mergers and downsizing of the 1990s many of these companies either reduced their operations in White Plains or left the area completely. White Plains continues to attract regional and national business as well as international headquarters within it boundaries such as STarwood Hotels, Nine West Group, Allegiance Financial, ITT Corporation, Nokia, Heineken USA, Alliance Bernstein, AT&T, Verizon, and to the north just across the border in North Castle Town, Swiss Re, IBM World Headquarters, MBIA and to the east Mastercard International, Morgan Stanley, Pepsico, and others.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}}

White Plains is also home to the Arts Exchange Building, which serves as the headquarters of the Westchester Arts Council. Since March 1999, visual and performing artists, emerging cultural organizations and new creative businesses have studios and offices in the building. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The construction of the [[Galleria at White Plains]] mall in the 1970s ushered in a new era of downtown retail and office development, but by the early 1990s, economic development had stagnated, hampered by a deep recession and the overbuilding of the commercial real estate markets.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} For a time, White Plains had the dubious distinction of having one of the highest office vacancy rates in the Northeast. Consolidation within the retail industry led to the closing of many of downtown's original department and specialty stores as well. After its bankruptcy, the [[B. Altman]] store closed in 1989 and was eventually demolished to make way for the massive upscale retail mall, [[The Westchester]], which opened in 1995 with anchors [[Nordstrom]] and [[Neiman Marcus]]. A freestanding branch of [[Macy's]], one of downtown's original retail [[anchor store]]s, was relocated two blocks away to The Galleria mall by its parent company, [[Federated Department Stores]], replacing the location of sister retailer, [[Abraham & Straus]] when these two store divisions were merged in 1995. In early 2002, the [[Saks Fifth Avenue]] location was also closed and demolished; it was replaced in 2004 with the large retail complex called [[The Source at White Plains]], featuring the upscale restaurants [[Morton's of Chicago]], [[The Cheesecake Factory]], and the gourmet supermarket chain [[Whole Foods Markets]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} Note: As of July 20, 2009, the Fortunoff and Mayrock families re-acquired the Fortunoff brand and intellectual property; all Fortunoff stores are currently closed.

[[File:10.5.07CityCenterByLuigiNovi.jpg|thumb|200px|left|The City Center on Mamaroneck Ave.]]
Other major projects were completed in the late 1990s and early 2000s that have further altered the urban character of downtown White Plains. A new courthouse for the [[Southern District of New York]] was opened in 1998 and several large-scale office properties in and near downtown, including the former General Foods headquarters building, were retrofitted and leased to accommodate smaller businesses.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B03E0D61031F935A2575AC0A96E958260 | work=The New York Times | title=Commercial Real Estate; General Foods' Old Office Is Repackaged for Multiple Tenants | first=David W. | last=Dunlap | date=September 16, 1998}}</ref> The Macy's store on Main Street remained vacant for several years until it was also later demolished to make way for the massive [[City Center White Plains]] complex.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteplainscnr.com/old/frontpage/frontpage-0718.html |title=Front Page |publisher=Whiteplainscnr.com |date=2001-07-17 |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> This large mixed-use development features [[Trump Tower (White Plains)|two 35-story apartment and condominium towers]], {{convert|600000|sqft|m2|-4|sing=on}} of retail, restaurant and entertainment space and new parking facilities. Aside from the Arts Exchange building (which used to be a bank), another bank next to the City Center was renovated to become [[Zanaro's]], a family-style Italian restaurant. In 2010, Zanaros closed and was replaced by [[Buffalo Wild Wings]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://food.lohudblogs.com/2010/06/15/buffalo-wild-wings-going-into-the-old-zanaros-space-in-white-plains| title=Buffalo Wild Wings Going into Old Zanaros Space in White Plains}}</ref> City Center's opening in 2003 marked the beginning of a new downtown development renaissance, and with the improving economy and healthy office leasing activity, White Plains entered the new millennium as the leading retail and office center in Westchester County.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}

In 2005, construction began on a second large parcel in the downtown area. The project, known as [[Renaissance Square]], features two residential and hotel towers, each 40 stories tall, featuring a luxury [[Ritz-Carlton]] hotel and more than 400 condominium units. The Ritz-Carlton Westchester is one of the tallest buildings between [[New York City]] and [[Boston]], exceeded only by City Place in Hartford.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}

Beginning in 2000, the city's permanent population experienced a growth spurt as additional apartment buildings were constructed. The city's relatively moderate housing costs and close commuting distance to midtown Manhattan (31–39 minutes by express train <ref>{{cite web|url=http://as0.mta.info/mnr/schedules/ |title=Welcome To VTTS |publisher=As0.mta.info |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref>) have also attracted a lot of people who commute to New York City for work. However, in large part because of its proximity to New York, the cost of living in White Plains, although lower than that of New York City itself, is by some measures among the highest in the world.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/top-50-cities/2006/06/26/1151174117013.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | title=Top 50 cities | date=June 26, 2006}}</ref>

==Climate==
{{Weather box
|location = White Plains, New York
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high F = 73
|Feb record high F = 75
|Mar record high F = 82
|Apr record high F = 94
|May record high F = 97
|Jun record high F = 100
|Jul record high F = 102
|Aug record high F = 101
|Sep record high F = 102
|Oct record high F = 90
|Nov record high F = 84
|Dec record high F = 70
|year record high F = 102
|Jan high F = 39
|Feb high F = 43
|Mar high F = 51
|Apr high F = 63
|May high F = 74
|Jun high F = 82
|Jul high F = 86
|Aug high F = 84
|Sep high F = 76
|Oct high F = 65
|Nov high F = 55
|Dec high F = 44
|year high F = 63.5
|Jan low F = 20
|Feb low F = 22
|Mar low F = 29
|Apr low F = 38
|May low F = 47
|Jun low F = 57
|Jul low F = 62
|Aug low F = 61
|Sep low F = 53
|Oct low F = 41
|Nov low F = 35
|Dec low F = 26
|year low F = 40.9
|Jan record low F = -10
|Feb record low F = -14
|Mar record low F = -3
|Apr record low F = 18
|May record low F = 30
|Jun record low F = 38
|Jul record low F = 46
|Aug record low F = 39
|Sep record low F = 30
|Oct record low F = 21
|Nov record low F = 12
|Dec record low F = -5
|year record low F = -14
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.56
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.84
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.07
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.16
|May precipitation inch = 4.33
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.44
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.20
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.93
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.37
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.67
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.09
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.80
|year precipitation inch = 46.46
|source 1 = The Weather Channel<ref name=weather>{{cite web | title = Monthly Averages for White Plains, NY (10601) | publisher = The Weather Channel Interactive | format = Table | url = http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/vacationplanner/wxclimatology/monthly/10601 | accessdate = 2011-03-20}}</ref>
|date=March 2011
}}

==Economy==
The economy of White Plains revolves around large companies that have relocated to the city such as [[Starwood Hotels]], [[ITT Corporation|ITT]], [[Bunge Limited|Bunge]] and [[Combe Incorporated|Combe]]. Other companies based in White Plains include [[Alliance Bernstein]], [[Groupe Danone|Dannon]], [[Fifth Street Finance Corp.]], the [[New York Power Authority]], [[New York-Presbyterian Hospital]], [[Krasdale Foods]] (which supplies products for the [[C-Town Supermarkets|C-Town]] supermarket chain), [[Nine West]], [[Acadia Realty Trust]] and [[AboveNet]], as well as the US headquarters of [[Nokia]] and [[Heineken International|Heineken]]. At the turn of the second millennium, there was a boom in commercial businesses and residential living and as a result the city's infrastructure grew substantially with two double towers being 40 plus stories and both being high-end apartments.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}

At one time [[Prodigy (online service)|Prodigy]] had its headquarters in White Plains Plaza in White Plains.<ref name="Prodigytakes">"[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12519074.html Article: Prodigy takes 340,000 sf at White Plains Plaza. (Prodigy Services Co. renews lease of commercial space in White Plains, New York)]." ''[[Real Estate Weekly]]''. August 19, 1992. Retrieved on January 11, 2010.</ref> In 2000 the company announced that it will move its headquarters to [[Austin, Texas]].<ref>Nowlin, Sanford. "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SAEC&p_theme=saec&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAFE9554BB33F10&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Prodigy to move to Austin]." ''[[San Antonio Express News]]''. June 24, 2000. Business 1D. Retrieved on January 11, 2010.</ref>

==Fire department==
The City of White Plains is protected 24/7, 365 by the 170 professional firefighters of the City of White Plains Fire Department(WPFD). The department is currently the 7th largest fire department in the State of New York and currently operates out of 5 Fire Stations, located throughout the city, and maintains a front line fire apparatus fleet of 5 Engines, 3 Trucks, 1 Rescue, and numerous other special, support, and reserve units. The WPFD responds to, on average, approximately 12,000 emergency calls annually. Also, the WPFD has been recently labeled as a ISO Class 1 Fire Department, making it one of only 5 of its kind in the Northeastern United States. Being a Class 1 fire department means that the WPFD provides the maximum amount of fire protection to the area it serves, thus lowering property, commercial, and merchandise taxes for the city's residents and business owners.

===Fire station locations and apparatus===
{| class=wikitable
|- valign=bottom
! Engine Company
! Ladder Company
! Special Unit
! Address
! Neighborhood
|-
| Engine 65 || || || 93 Prescott Ave. || Highlands
|-
| Engine 66 || Tower Ladder 6 || Squad 4, SSU. 4, Mini-Attack 32 || 20 Ferris Pl. || North Broadway
|-
| Engine 67 || || || 2 Terrace Ave. || Eastview/East White Plains
|-
| Engine 70 || Ladder 32 || Rescue 88 || 219 Mamaroneck Ave. || Downtown/Carhart
|-
| Engine 71 || Ladder 34(Quint) || || 663 North St. || North Street
|}
* Note - The WPFD also operates 2 deactivated fire stations, Fire Station # 4 and Fire Station # 5 that in use as the Fire Prevention, Volunteer Division, and Unified Special Operations offices and quarters. Also, the department operates two reserve engines(Engine 68 & 69) and one reserve ladder(Ladder 33) out of the Ferris Pl. and Terrace Ave. Firehouses.

==Education==
===Public schools===
The [[White Plains Public School System]], with a 2006 enrollment of over 6,000 pupils, maintains five elementary schools (grades K-5), two middle schools (6-8) and one high school (9-12), as well as auxiliary facilities including a pre-kindergarten program,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteplainspublicschools.org/41129472144543/blank/browse.asp?a=383&BMDRN=2000&BCOB=0&c=49767 |title=Strategic Plan |publisher=White Plains Public Schools |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> a community school (grades 7-12),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteplainspublicschools.org/41129472144543/blank/browse.asp?a=383&BMDRN=2000&BCOB=0&c=49769 |title=Strategic Plan |publisher=White Plains Public Schools |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> adult and continuing education,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteplainspublicschools.org/41129472144543/blank/browse.asp?a=383&BMDRN=2000&BCOB=0&c=49766 |title=Strategic Plan |publisher=White Plains Public Schools |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> and a program<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteplainspublicschools.org/41129472144543/blank/browse.asp?A=383&BMDRN=2000&BCOB=0&C=49862 |title=Strategic Plan |publisher=White Plains Public Schools |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> for school-age patients at [[New York-Presbyterian Hospital]],<ref>http://www.nyp.org</ref> which campus is located in the city.

Since 1988 the district has operated under a Controlled Parents' Choice Program,<ref>http://www.wpcsd.k12.ny.us/41129472144330/site/default.asp</ref> whereby the parents of elementary and middle school children can select the school which their child attends based on factors other than proximity to the school.

The five elementary schools, and to a lesser extent, the two middle schools, in addition to teaching core competencies, have different educational focuses including science & technology, communication arts and global understanding. The primary distinction between the two middle schools is the number of pupils enrolled. The smaller "Eastview" Campus has about 1/3 the amount of students as the "Highlands" campus. There are about 1100 students at Highlands and only about 400 at Eastview.

[[White Plains Senior High School]], built in the late 1950s on a {{convert|72|acre|sing=on}} campus, serves all public school students in grades 9-12.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteplainspublicschools.org/wphs/site/default.asp |title=White Plains High School |publisher=Whiteplainspublicschools.org |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> The school has a swimming pool that overlooks a small valley which included the track and football field. The White Plains Recreation Department worked in cooperation with the schools to offer many programs.

The district is governed by a seven-member Board of Education, elected at-large for staggered three-year terms. A school superintendent reports to the Board.

===Parochial and/or private schools===
* [[Archbishop Stepinac High School]] on Mamaroneck Avenue in the Gedney area
* [[Academy of Our Lady of Good Counsel]] on North Broadway, adjacent to the Pace University campus
* Good Counsel Academy Elementary School on North Broadway
* Our Lady of Sorrows Elementary School in the Gedney area
* [[German School New York]] on Partridge Road

===Colleges and universities===
* [[Fordham University]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu |title=Fordham.Edu |publisher=Fordham.Edu |date=2003-10-28 |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> Westchester Campus is home to Fordham’s Graduate Schools of Business Administration, Education, Social Service, and Religion and Religious Education.
* [[Pace University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pace.edu |title=Pace University in the City of New York and Westchester County | Pace University |publisher=Pace.edu |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> White Plains Campus is home to [[Pace University School of Law]] and Pace Graduate School. This campus originally belonged to Good Counsel College, later named the College of White Plains (1972–1976). The College of White Plains merged with Pace University in 1976.
* [[The College of Westchester]], formerly known as the Westchester Business Institute
* [[Berkeley College]]
* [[Mercy College (New York)|Mercy College]]

==Demographics==
{{USCensusPop
|1880= 2381
|1890= 4042
|1900= 7899
|1910= 15045
|1920= 21031
|1930= 35830
|1940= 40327
|1950= 43366
|1960= 50485
|1970= 50346
|1980= 46999
|1990= 48718
|2000= 53077
|2010=56853}}

As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 53,077 people, 20,921 households, and 12,704 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 5,415.5 people per square mile (2,091.1/km²). There were 21,576 housing units at an average density of 2,201.4 per square mile (850.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 64.93% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 15.91% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 4.50% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.34% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.07% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 10.37% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.88% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 23.51% of the population. In 2010, Businessweek Magazine named White Plains one of America's fastest growing cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/10/01/0128_americas_fastest_growing_cities/33.htm|title=America's Fastest-Growing Cities 2010|publisher=Bloomberg.com|work=Business Week|accessdate=22 February 2010}}</ref>

There were 20,921 households out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the city the population was spread out with 21.2% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $58,545, and the median income for a family was $71,891 (these figures had risen to $73,744 and $92,215 respectively as of a 2007 estimate<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=16000US3646404&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US36%7C16000US3646404&_street=&_county=white+plains&_cityTown=white+plains&_state=04000US36&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry= |title=White Plains city, New York - Fact Sheet - American FactFinder |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref>). Males had a median income of $47,742 versus $36,917 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $33,825. About 9.2% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.

==Transportation==
[[File:Westchester County Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Westchester County Airport]]]]
[[Westchester County Airport]], located in neighboring [[Harrison, New York|Harrison]], serves the city. The Airport's IATA code is HPN. Often the airlines and traveling public refer to Westchester County Airport as "White Plains." The airport is approximately 7 miles from the core of the downtown area.

Two [[Metro-North Railroad]] stations serve the city; the [[North White Plains (Metro-North station)]] and the [[White Plains (Metro-North station)]] downtown at Main Street and the Bronx River. The [[Bronx River Parkway]] is the main north-south highway, and has a bikeway running south to Bronxville.

The [[Cross-Westchester Expressway]] ([[Interstate 287|I-287]]) is the main east-west highway through White Plains. Current highway works include pedestrian walkways over the highway, an extra lane on either side, and on/off ramps to help motor traffic and pedestrians. Vegetation removals have upset some in the community but it is reported that the area will be fixed and trees will be replanted when work on the highway comes to an end.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.i287.info/ |title=New York State Department of Transportation - I287 Highway / Cross Westchester Expressway Project |publisher=I287.info |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref>

[[Bee Line]] is Westchester County's public bus system and several routes pass through White Plains offering local service to many surrounding communities. A few routes serve the [[Bronx]] and connect with the New York City subway. The main Bee Line hub in White Plains is the Trans-Center, adjacent to the Metro-North station. Other regional bus services that serve White Plains include the [[Tappan-Zee Express]] to [[Rockland County]]; [[Leprechaun Lines]] to [[Poughkeepsie]], [[CT Transit]]'s [[I-Bus]] to [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]], CT as well as [[Greyhound]], [[Trailways]] and [[Coach USA]] service to upstate New York and Long Island.

==Media==
''[[The Journal News]]'' is based in White Plains.

==Neighborhoods==
The city of White Plains has approximately 34 distinct neighborhoods. Each is listed below:
* Battle Hill
* Bryant Gardens
* Carhart
* Colonial Corners
* Downtown White Plains
* East White Plains
* Eastview
* Ferris Avenue
* Fisher Hill
* Fulton Street
* Gedney Farms
* Gedney Manor
* Gedney Meadows
* Gedney Park
* Green Acres
* Haviland Manor
* Highlands
* Holbrooke
* Idle Forest
* North Broadway
* North Street
* North White Plains
* Old Mamaroneck Road
* Prospect Park
* Reynal Park
* The Ridge
* Ridgeway
* Rocky Dell
* Rosedale
* Saxon Woods
* Secor Gardens
* Soundview
* Westminster Ridge
* Woodcrest Heights

==Historic sites==
* White Plains Armory<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteplainshistory.org/Armory.html |title=www.whiteplainshistory.org |publisher=www.whiteplainshistory.org |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> (1910), erected on the site of the first Westchester County Courthouse. A monument in front of the building commemorates the first public reading in New York of the Declaration of Independence, on July 11, 1776.
* White Plains Rural Cemetery<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteplainshistory.org/Cemetery.html |title=www.whiteplainshistory.org |publisher=www.whiteplainshistory.org |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> (incorporated 1854, although in use as a cemetery from 1797). The cemetery office occupies the structure that was the first Methodist Church in White Plains (1795, rebuilt in 1797 after a fire on the day of its original dedication).
* Percy Grainger Home,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteplainshistory.org/PercyGrainger.html |title=www.whiteplainshistory.org |publisher=www.whiteplainshistory.org |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> occupied by the composer from 1921 until his death in 1961, and by his widow, Ella Ström-Brandelius, until her death in 1979. It is now maintained as a museum by the International Percy Grainger Society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.percygrainger.org/ |title=International Percy Grainger Society |publisher=Percygrainger.org |date=2011-03-10 |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref>

===Jacob Purdy House===
[[Image:Jacob purdy historic house 080105.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Jacob Purdy House]]

The Jacob Purdy House was used as General George Washington's headquarters in 1778 during the [[Battle of White Plains]] and possibly in 1776 during the battle of Chatterton Hill of the [[American Revolutionary War]]. Originally constructed by Samuel Horton, it was purchased by Jacob Purdy's father, Samuel Purdy in 1730 and came into Jacob's possession in the aftermath of the war when some of the family had fled as [[United Empire Loyalists]]. In the 1960s it was repaired and restored, and in 1973 the structure was moved to its present location.<ref name="purdy move">James Feron, ''New York Times'': [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10913FA355B1B778DDDA90994D0405B838BF1D3&scp=1&sq=A+Strategic+Retreat+for+Headquarters+of+Washington%3B+Once+a+Slum+Dwelling&st=p A Strategic Retreat for Headquarters of Washington], August 10, 1973</ref> A further renovation was conducted around 1980, involving both professional craftsmen and local teenagers in an apprentice program.<ref>Tessa Melvin, ''New York Times'': [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60C11F9395410728DDDAB0A94DE405B8084F1D3&scp=1&sq=A+Washington+Memorial+Renovated%2C&st=p A Washington Memorial Renovated], June 22, 1980</ref> The Jacob Purdy House is now the headquarters of the White Plains Historical Society.<ref name="purdy">{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteplainshistory.org/JacobPurdyHouse.html |title=Jacob Purdy House web site |publisher=Whiteplainshistory.org |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref>

A National Register of Historic Places plaque commemorates the dates of George Washington's occupancy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whiteplainshistory.org/ |title=whiteplainshistory.org |publisher=whiteplainshistory.org |date= |accessdate=2011-04-04}}</ref> The house came into the possession of Jacob Purdy about 1785.<ref name="purdy" />

See also [[Washington's Headquarters]] for other locations used by George Washington as headquarters.

==Notable residents==
'''(B)''' denotes that the person was born there.
* [[Adam Bradley]], mayor of White Plains from 2010 - 2011<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/nyregion/01mayor.html |title= Assault Charge for White Plains Mayor |work= [[The New York Times]] |date= February 28, 2010}}</ref>
* [[Joseph Campbell]], author and expert on myth and legend.'''(B)'''<ref>[http://www.jcf.org/new/index.php?categoryid=11 Joseph Campbell Foundation website], retrieved July 22, 2008</ref>
* [[Dan Duryea]], actor, was born in White Plains
* [[Channing Frye]], NBA forward.'''(B)'''<ref>[http://www.nba.com/playerfile/channing_frye/bio.html Channing Frye Info Page at NBA.com], retrieved July 22, 2008</ref>
* [[Danilo Gallinari]] NBA forward for the [[New York Knicks]].<ref>[http://www.nba.com/knicks/news/gallinari_091908_qanda.html Gallinari "Ready to Ignite Broadway, Knicks"], [[NBA]].com, retrieved September 20, 2008</ref>
* [[Percy Grainger]] (1882–1961), Australian-born U.S. composer, pianist and conductor.<ref>[http://www.percygrainger.org/grahouse.htm "The Percy Grainger House in White Plains, New York,"] The International Percy Grainger Society, retrieved August 3, 2008</ref>
* [[Shelley Hack]], American actress and supermodel.'''(B)'''<ref>Cheryl Lavin, Cheryl. ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', September 14, 1986</ref>
* [[Bob Hyland]], NFL lineman and candidate for mayor.<ref>Pellegrin, Michael. [http://whiteplains.patch.com/articles/republicans-announce-hyland-as-their-candidate-for-mayor "Republicans Announce Hyland as Their Candidate for Mayor"], ''White Plains Patch'', March 13, 2011</ref>
* [[Jonathan Larson]] (1960–96), the writer of the musical ''[[Rent (musical)|Rent]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title=Jonathan Larson Biography | url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/60/Jonathan-Larson.html |publisher=filmreference | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-11-25}}</ref>
* [[Matisyahu]], American Jewish reggae artist.<ref>[http://music.aol.com/artist/matisyahu/biography "Matisyahu Biography"], [[AOL Music]], accessed April 7, 2011.</ref>
* [[Vanessa Rousso]], a professional poker player.'''(B)'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://videos.godaddy.com/vanessa_photo.aspx|title=Vanessa Rousso: Team Pokestars Pro & Go Daddy Girl|accessdate=2009-05-10|publisher=[[GoDaddy.com]]}}</ref>
* [[Andrew S. Tanenbaum]], computer scientist and professor.<ref>[http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/home/faq.html Andrew S. Tanenbaum's FAQ], hosted at [[Vrije Universiteit]], accessed April 7, 2011.</ref>
* [[Ralph Waite]], actor who played John Walton in ''[[The Waltons]]'' television series.'''(B)'''<ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/87/Ralph-Waite.html filmreference.com, Ralph Waite Biography (1928?-)], retrieved July 22, 2008</ref>
* [[James Whitmore]] (1921–2009), actor.'''(B)'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/77/James-Whitmore.html |title=James Whitmore Biography |publisher=FilmReference.com|accessdate=April 7, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Mark Zuckerberg]], Co-founder of [[Facebook]].'''(B)'''<ref>Malone, Jasmine. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mark-zuckerberg/8204697/Mark-Zuckerberg-wins-Time-person-of-the-year-profile.html "Mark Zuckerberg wins Time person of the year: profile"], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', Dec 15, 2010</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

I dont think the notable resident Bob Hyland, NFL lineman and candidate for mayor.[41] is still relevant and up to date since the election is now over. [[User:Chessophile|Chessophile]] ([[User talk:Chessophile|talk]]) 12:16, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

==External links==
* [http://www.cityofwhiteplains.com/ White Plains official website]
* [http://www.downtownresidents.com/ White Plains Downtown Residents Assoc.]
* [http://www.wppl.lib.ny.us/ White Plains Public Library]
* [http://www.wpcsd.k12.ny.us/wpps/site/default.asp White Plains Public Schools]
* [http://wptimes.com/ White Plains Times]
* [http://www.whiteplainshistory.org/ White Plains Historical Society]
* [http://www.WhitePlainsOnLine.com White Plains On Line] A searchable collection of White Plains public agency meeting agendas, minutes, budgets, and charters.
* [http://www.WPNY.us WPNY.us] Portal for information about White Plains.
* [http://www.city-data.com/city/White-Plains-New-York.html/] Information about White Plains.

{{New York}}
{{Westchester County, New York}}

[[Category:Cities in New York]]
[[Category:White Plains, New York| ]]
[[Category:United States places with Orthodox Jewish communities]]
[[Category:County seats in New York]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1683]]
[[Category:Populated places in Westchester County, New York]]

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[[an:White Plains (Nueva York)]]
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[[es:White Plains (Nueva York)]]
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[[ja:ホワイト・プレインズ (ニューヨーク州)]]
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[[ur:وائٹ پلینس، نیویارک]]
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[[zh:白原市 (紐約州)]]

Talk:White Plains, New York

2011-03-10T18:50:34Z

Chessophile: /* Missing... */

{{WPCities}}
{{WikiProject New York|class=C|importance=High}}
{{Hudson Valley|class=B|importance=Top}}

==Poor Lead Structure==
Someone better fix this up. The page looks horrible, and the lead takes up more than 1/2. This page should be refactored --[[User:Doom777|Doom777]] 20:19, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

someone should change the "most expensive city in the nation." it is not true.the link even says it is 43rd in the world.

about the neighborhood portion, no one really mentions what neighborhood they are from but with all of the current building this is something that is starting to go on. Usually people mention the name of the main street that runs through their neighborhood. They'd say something like "I'm from North Broadway, or I'm from Ferris Avenue". And North Broadway has been a haven for Young professionals since the mid 1990's, especially the part closer towards Westchester Avenue. The part of North Broadway heading towards North White Plains is occupied by mainly high/middle/double incomes. There has always been a good amount of educators living on this part of North Brodway (I don't know how i'd cite this considering its my own personal experience from living in White Plains for over twenty years). Although I've never heard of this "NOBO" designation. - Christopher

I removed "It is also known for it's gay residents." I'm pretty sure that was a troll attempt. -Eric

While the storms White Plains has had recently certainly are worth being recorded for all time, maybe someone should mention something about the battle of White Plains, or stick with the storms, whatever. -- W.D.H.

Well. . if the city has a large gay population, I think it should be included in the article.
: I don't know whether or not there's a large gay population, but the portion I removed was hastily added to the end of the first paragraph and didn't cite any sources. It didn't belong there. -Eric

I've just done a major rewrite of the body of the article, adding specifics about economic development and removing some of the puffery about Renaissance Square and prestegious addresses, which reads like it was supplied by the developer of the two downtown projects. I also eliminated the statement about Mexican immigrants, since I could not find any supporting evidence for the assertion that Mexico is their country of origin. (Not to suggest that we have not had an influx people of Latino origin in recent years -- as a resident I am certainly aware of this -- but unless it can be documented specifically, I think it's best to leave it out.)

Also, in a few days I intend to add to (and subtract from) the section on the city's neighborhoods, of which 29 or 30 are recognized by the city's planning department and almost that many actively participate in the local Council of Neighborhood Associations. I don't feel that any detail other than the general size and composition of a neighborhood, and perhaps a brief local history, is appropriate here; certainly not street boundaries or storm damage in 2006. I would invite residents of the individual neighborhoods to add such material.

Finally, I hope I will be forgiven for being just a little bit smarmy about the retail composition of the complex which replaced the Saks Fifth Avenue store.
Joel Rudikoff
Nov. 28, '06

== Missing... ==
...info about the insane asylum. [[User:68.39.174.238|68.39.174.238]] 03:56, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

...perhaps the actor/singer and TV celebrity/talk show host John Davidson should be included in the list of notable residents.[[User:Chessophile|Chessophile]] ([[User talk:Chessophile|talk]]) 18:50, 10 March 2011 (UTC)

== References ==
I've moved the <code><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> section into its own heading per the [[WP:MoS]]. The ''[[White Plains, New York#Education|→]]Education'' section has several inline external links that appear to be references. They need to be converted to the following style, again per [[WP:MoS]]: <code><nowiki><ref>[http://www.blah.com Blah] - [http://www.blah.com/stats.html Stats]. Retrieved [[1 January]] [[2000]].</nowiki></ref></code> One can also use {{tl|cite}} or [[:Category:Citation templates|one of the many other citation templates]] available within the <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code> tags. -- [[User:drumguy8800|drumguy8800]] [[Special:Contributions/Drumguy8800|C]] [[User talk:Drumguy8800|T]] 06:46, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

==Daytime Populaton==

Is the daytime population of White Plains really upwards of 200,000. That seems farfetched, that the population would multiply by almost four. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/69.120.107.128|69.120.107.128]] ([[User talk:69.120.107.128|talk]]) 04:09, August 29, 2007 (UTC) 

== Photo? ==

That's a computer generated photo! What's doing here?!
[[User:Jarfingle|Jarfingle]] 08:11, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

:Where is the computer generated photo?? [[User:Rayyung|Rayyung]] 22:39, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

== Postal code ==

Why is ZIP code removed?
[[User:Rayyung|Rayyung]] 23:02, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

== Merging [[White Plains Historical Society]] inside this article ==

The [[White Plains Historical Society]] article does not appear to meet notability requirements to have an article of its own. It would be good to merge it inside this article before it gets deleted, so the information is not lost, since it appears to be an important society inside White Plains community --[[User:Enric Naval|Enric Naval]] ([[User talk:Enric Naval|talk]]) 15:37, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

:I merged it, and I redirected instead of deleting, this way the contributions history is preserved. Same with [[Jacob Purdy House]], which I also merged here --[[User:Enric Naval|Enric Naval]] ([[User talk:Enric Naval|talk]]) 02:43, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

== Purchase College ==
Maybe I'm nitpicking here, but isn't [[SUNY Purchase]] in Purchase, NY and not White Plains? They are near each other, but the college is not within the city itself. I don't think it should be included in this list. [[User:Summerhawk|Summerhawk]] ([[User talk:Summerhawk|talk]]) 23:15, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

:I think there is a law school called something on the lines of this in White Plains. [[Special:Contributions/137.124.9.20|137.124.9.20]] ([[User talk:137.124.9.20|talk]]) 23:42, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

::I believe the law school you are thinking of is [[Pace University]], which has its law school in White Plains, as indicated on the article page. Purchase does not have a law school, and is its own separate campus in Purchase, not in White Plains. [[User:Summerhawk|Summerhawk]] ([[User talk:Summerhawk|talk]]) 01:55, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

== Clarity: Use of present vs. past tense ==
The paragraph describing the high school uses mixed past and present tense. It's not clear at all whether the use of "had", etc actually means that things about the school were once true but are no longer true. If they are no longer true, the article should have more details about what replaced the changed aspects of the schools. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Dominicanpapi82|Dominicanpapi82]] ([[User talk:Dominicanpapi82|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dominicanpapi82|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 March 2009 (UTC) 

== Edge City? ==
White Plains does not seem to match Wikipedia's description of an edge city. The downtown area of White Plains is built on a traditional grid, is fairly pedestrian friendly, and is not really "automobile scale." While it does have a few of the hallmarks of edge cities, such as the juxtaposition of large malls with office space, I am not sure it deserves the moniker. [[User:SarahLawrence Scott|SarahLawrence Scott]] ([[User talk:SarahLawrence Scott|talk]]) 03:08, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

Talk:Do-si-do

2007-08-21T16:44:22Z

Chessophile: Misconceptions

{{WikiProject Dance}}

{{talkheader}}

==Most common name, misspellings, mispronounciations==
There appears to be some disagreement here as to how to approach the naming of this article, and how to put the right emphasis on the different spellings of what (I believe) amounts to the same dance move. It started as article name "Do-Sa-Do" and then was moved to "Dos-a-dos" (without discussion, and without explanation). I thought that was wrong, and I think the current name is wrong.

If these names refer to the same step, then based on [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (common names)]] this article should be called "Dosado".

I did some Google searches. I restricted the results to English only as "dos-a-dos" has a widespread use in Spanish and possibly French that literally mean "back-to-back" (and not in a dance context). As is shown on the [[Dos-a-dos]] disamibguation page, the term "dos-a-dos" has quite a few meanings (and not in a dance context). Therefore I qualitifed the Google search results with a random sampling of the results to see how many of them were dance-related. I did this quick sampling by checking the hits 1-10 on pages 1, 4, and 7 of the results. My results are as follows:

Search on "dos-a-dos" (English only) - 3,890:hits c. 20% dance = 78 qualified hits

Search on "Dos-a-dos" "dance" (English only) - 1,170 hits unqualified

Search on "dosado" (English only) 8,320 c. 100% dance = 8,320 qualitifed hits

Search on "dosado" "dance" (English only) - 6,740 unqualified

Search on "Dos-a-dos" "polka": 138 hits

Search on "Dos-a-dos" "reel": 179 hits

Search on "Dosado" "polka": 80 hits

Search on "Dosado" "reel": 99 hits

I think this overwhelming shows that Dosado is the most commonly used term for this dance move. If no one has a compelling reason against it I will move this article (and redirect links to it) very shortly to the new name "Dosado". I would like to suggest that "dos-a-dos" remain in the article but as a secondary spelling used (perhaps) in contexts other than western square dancing, such as (perhaps) contradance, historical dances (I am not an expert on the use of dos-a-dos, so I prefer that others take that lead), etc. I would prefer that we did not end up with two articles "Dos-a-dos" and "Dosado" when we refer to the same move. I hope that we can have some discussion around this issue. [[User:Sfdan|Sfdan]] 17:37, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

:''The name is often mispronounced and misspelled as "dosey-do", "do-ce-do", "docey-do" or "do-si-do".''

:I believe that "do-si-do" is a common enough misspelling that it shouldn't be called a misspelling. It tops all of the other variant spellings listed in Sfdan's comment with 24.900 hits for "do-si-do" (English only) and 13,200 hits for "do-si-do" "dance" (also English only). "Do-si-do" also has on its side the OED (which actually prefers "do-se-do", and thinks "dos a dos" is a carriage or book binding) and Answers.com. Is there a reason this variant wasn't considered for the title? [[User:Loggie|Loggie]] 21:14, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

::You make some good points, Loggie, and I'd like to look a bit deeper into the Google counts before suggesting a solution. I'll do that a bit later today. Hope that's OK. [[User:Sfdan|Sfdan]] 06:35, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

::Hi Loggie, I went and checked the Goodle counts and you are right about "Do-si-do" getting significantly more hits than either of the two other spellings. Since I do not have an OED (and not likely to find one easily here in Denmark), I checked my old [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]], and it listed "dos-a-dos" as the primary with "do-si-do" as a secondary spelling. ʘʘʘʘthis is so cool

::In my opinion (and I will do this now), at the minimum we should move "do-si-do" out of the misspelled section up to the list of variant names, and remove all reference to mispronounciations.

::As to what the article should be called-- following the most common name rule, I am persuaded that it should be "do-si-do" (even though with my background in modern western square dance I am personally bristling with the thought). I think it would be appropriate in the various dances where they use different spellings to use the spelling of their choice; the important thing is that they link to this article (whatever it ends up being called), and that we are clear at the top that all these different name variants are for the same dance step.

::How do others feel about this? [[User:Sfdan|Sfdan]] 12:31, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

:::I'm happy now. I do contra dancing, and have always assumed, based off the pronunciation, that it was spelled "do-si-do". Thus I was surprised to see the different spellings.

:::If we don't rename this page "do-si-do", I think we should make "do-si-do" a redirect page to here, since it is such a common spelling. The fact that this article has more redirect pages than actual articles linking to it might be a problem.

:::I really don't have a preference as to what happens now, since if I were to come to this page I would be able to quickly identify the Dosado to be what I know as a do-si-so. [[User:Loggie|Loggie]] 14:03, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

::::Redirects are set up now for Do-si-do and Dosido.[[User:Sfdan|Sfdan]] 14:10, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

:::::Great! [[User:Loggie|Loggie]] 14:43, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

I think in this particular case making google cout to judge the correct name is ridiculous. However many people misspell the word unknown to them does not make it right. I can reluctantly agree for "dosado", since americans always have upper head however ignorant and arrogant it is, but to say that "do-si-do" is the most correct name is outrageous. Obviously, ignoramuses who rule the internet now thought that this word is somehow related to notes do and si. Now let us go ahead and rename "epaulement" into "a-pullman", chasse into chase or shassey, chaînés into chains, and especially I am eager to see [[battement]] turned into [[batman]]. [[user:mikkalai|mikka]] [[user talk:mikkalai|(t)]] 19:28, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

:However many people misspell the word may not make it right, but over time does not a language evolve? If everyone in a certain area uses the word 'duck' to mean someone a little odd, doesn't the word take on that connotation as well as the meaning of an animal that quacks? The word 'awful' has completely changed meanings over the years. It used to mean some thing magnificent, awe inspiring, something full of awe. Now it means something that is horrible, something that is bad. Does that mean that one definition only should be mentioned? I think, if it were in the Wikipedia, the progression of the word should be mentioned. Thus why shouldn't some of the variations in pronunciation and spelling be included?

:I had never known that what I knew as a "do-si-do" or a "back to back" originally came from French and was originally called a "dos a dos". If the reason for my lack of knowledge stems from years of people progressively changing the pronunciation, is that my fault? Does that make me ignorant? Simply because I do not look up the etymology of each and every word I use is no reason to call me, or people like me who also misspell and mispronounce this word, ignorant.
::You were pointed to the word and to the history of its long usage. Yet you prefer your ways. I am aware this is kind of potayto-potato thing. But the article is about a generic term, and I would expect some respect to other dancers who have precendence in usage. [[user:mikkalai|mikka]] [[user talk:mikkalai|(t)]] 03:31, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

:Because there will be people like me, and people like those ignoramuses who rule the internet now, I think it is useful to have the "do-si-do" variation mentioned, and have it be a re-direct page. (Especially since there seem to be a lot of us.) I did question why this version was not included in the discussion of possible titles, but I am not advocating yet another move of the page.
::I am not against mentioning the usage. I am gainst making it '''main''' term. For hundreds of years in numerous dances it was ''dos-a-dos'' and lo! suddenly american square dancers rule. Well, that's life. [[user:mikkalai|mikka]] [[user talk:mikkalai|(t)]] 03:31, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

:One last thing: I object to being called ignorant and arrogant simply because I was born in America. The OED was not born in America, and prefers yet another spelling that has not been discussed "Do-se-do", with "do-si-do" as an acceptable alternative. [[User:Loggie|Loggie]] 02:54, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
::Don't take it personally. Disrespect to language is widespread, and not only among anglophones or americans. The same happens in French, Russian, etc. Some people really dislike this. I dislike it only mildly. [[user:mikkalai|mikka]] [[user talk:mikkalai|(t)]] 03:31, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

:In Square Dancing it is Dosado in other things it is other spellings/pronounciations maybe somewhere in the article we can list which spellings are what activity because it is wrong to call it dosido in some places but just as wrong as dosado in others--[[User:Shimonnyman|Shimonnyman]] 03:13, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
::There already is such section. It may be expanded. [[user:mikkalai|mikka]] [[user talk:mikkalai|(t)]] 03:31, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

::In contra dancing in central Illinois, and in Cincinnati (the two places I have danced) it is called a "do-si-do". In English Country dancing in the same places it is called a "back to back". [[User:Loggie|Loggie]] 03:21, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

==Revert folk dancing --> square dancing==
I am reverting "It is probably the most well-known call in folk dancing" back to "It is probably the most well-known call in square dancing". Even though I am not a folk dancer (and that probably makes me a good judge of what "most people" would think of as a well-known dance move in folk dancing), I probably think that people who don't really know much about folk dancing would think first of a grapevine step, or a step-kick, or a hop-kick, or a run, indeed many other steps... I doubt that a back-to-back would be high on the list. Besides I didn't believe most folk dances are called!

If you want to include other dances in this sentence, for example, "It is probably the most well-known call in square dancing and contredance" or "It is probably the most well-known call in square dancing, contredanse and historical dancing", then I suggest be specific and say what you mean. I can't speak for these other dances, so I wrote it as square dancing, because the general public has a vague notion of the dance and has some ideas of some dance moves, and this is one that they know (at least in the USA and Canada). I have been to enough beginner classes that I can tell you many, many can (or at least think they can) Dosado without any instructions. And that is why there is a section on Dosado misconceptions also. [[User:Sfdan|Sfdan]] 14:03, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

I see your point I just didn't want to be exclusionary as Dosado can be more than just Squares and this article reflects it later on though I suppose its probably most famous for squares anyways.--[[User:Shimonnyman|Shimonnyman]] 02:44, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

== Description - common to make one or more clockwise turns during dosado in contra dances==
Does this belong in the basic description of the dosado, or does this belong in the styling section? I suppose for me the difference would be, does the basic description of the step in contra dancing (if there is such a thing) also include some statement that the person could make one or more clockwise turns if they wish. Or is this something that has developed on its own, is not standardised (if there is such a notion in contra dancing), and may or may not be more popular in this year, or in this area, or among certain dancers. I'm no expert on contra dancing (obviously!), so please help me out. Thanks. --[[User:Sfdan|SFDan]] 15:48, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

: The contra dance article seemed to answer my question by stating in the "Do-si-do" section, "As an embellishment, experienced dancers will often add a spin while performing this move." Therefore, I went ahead and moved the sentence with minor editing (and removal of an excessive link) from the "Description" section into the "Styling" section of this article. If there is any difference of opinion on this matter lets discuss it here. --[[User:Sfdan|SFDan]] 05:51, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

== Do-si-do as an Rescue technique ==
Do-si-do is also an rescue diving technique teached at most rescue diving classes. It is an technique that enables the rescue diver to do perform rescuebreaths while swimming. There might be a need to differentate this. [http://www.teamlgs.com/Pages/Bios.htm Bio page of the inventor][[User:Apneist|Apneist]] 16:35, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

== Misconceptions ==

I am new to this so forgive me if i am doing this incorectly !

Misconceptions
In a popular Bugs Bunny episode entitled "Hillbilly Hare," a square dance caller starts the dance with the following parody of square dance calling:

"Bow to your corner, bow to your own.
Three hands up and 'round you go,
Break it up with a dosey-do.
Chicken in the bread pan kickin' out dough."
This animated satire has helped popularize the commonly held and mistaken notions that one should hold one's arms crossed over the chest while executing the step.

The crossed-arm do-si-do also may come from the fact that the early teachers of square dance and contra dance revival were recruited from the International Folk Dance movement, according to an article in the Old Time Herald.

In a popular Bugs Bunny episode entitled "Hillbilly Hare," the two Martins Punkinhead and tart don't cross their arms across their chest when thay "Break it up with a dosey-do." rather thay place there hands behind them on the small of there back see cartoon video.aol.com/video/tv-hillbilly-hare/1789259