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User talk:Fuzzy6988

2015-10-22T22:21:59Z

Fuzzy6988: Deleted

Brighton City Airport

2014-07-04T13:17:55Z

Fuzzy6988: Shoreham is a public airport (ref: http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/parking-and-travel/travel-transport-and-road-safety/shoreham-airport)

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Shoreham Airport
| nativename = Shoreham (Brighton City) Airport
| nativename-a =
| nativename-r =
| image = Shoreham_Airport_buildings.jpg
| image-width =
| caption =
| IATA = ESH
| ICAO = EGKA
| type = Public
| owner =
| operator = Brighton City Airport Ltd
| city-served = [[West Sussex|South of West Sussex]]
| location = [[Lancing, West Sussex|Lancing]], [[West Sussex]]
| elevation-f = 7
| elevation-m = 2
| latd = 50 | latm = 50 | lats = 08 | latNS = N
| longd= 000 | longm= 17 | longs= 50 | longEW= W
| coordinates_type = airport
| coordinates_region = GB-WSX
| pushpin_map = West Sussex
| pushpin_label = EGKA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Sussex
| website = [http://www.shorehamairport.co.uk/ www.shorehamairport.co.uk]
| metric-rwy = Yes
| r1-number = 02/20
| r1-length-f = 3,399
| r1-length-m = 1,036
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt]]
| r2-number = 07/25
| r2-length-f = 2,877
| r2-length-m = 877
| r2-surface = [[Grass]]
| r3-number = 13/31
| r3-length-f = 1,339
| r3-length-m = 408
| r3-surface = Grass
| r4-number = 02/20 Unlicensed
| r4-length-f = 2,297
| r4-length-m = 700
| r4-surface = [[Grass]]
| stat-year = 2009
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 1,500 (Approx)
| stat2-header =
| stat2-data =
| footnotes = Source: UK [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] at [[National Air Traffic Services|NATS]]<ref name="aip">[http://www.nats-uk.ead-it.com/public/index.php%3Foption=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=134&Itemid=183.html Shoreham - EGKA]</ref>
}}
[[File:Terminal Building at Shoreham Airport - geograph.org.uk - 573952.jpg|thumb|The art deco terminal building of Shoreham Airport]]
[[File:Shoreham (Brighton City) Airport (6659107193).jpg|thumb|Interior of the terminal building]]
[[File:shorehamrunway.jpg|thumb|View of Runway 2 from the [[West Coastway Line|West Coastway]] railway line.]]
'''Shoreham Airport''' {{Airport codes|ESH|EGKA}}, also known as '''Shoreham (Brighton City) Airport''', owned by '''Brighton City Airport Ltd''' (BCAL)<ref>[http://www.worthingherald.co.uk/news/local/new-plan-safeguards-future-of-shoreham-airport-1-6035934 New plan ‘safeguards future of Shoreham Airport’]</ref> following the take over of the airport from Albemarle in May 2014, is an [[airport]] located {{Convert|1|NM|abbr=on|lk=in}} west of [[Shoreham-by-Sea]]<ref name="aip"/> at [[Lancing, West Sussex|Lancing]] in the [[Adur (district)|Adur]] district of [[West Sussex]], [[England]]. Founded in 1910, it is the oldest airport in the UK.<ref name="Nick Bloom 2012, p70">Nick Bloom, "Sunny Shoreham", ''Pilot'', February 2012, p70</ref> It is situated immediately to the south of the [[A27 road]], between Brighton and Worthing, and immediately to the north of the [[West Coastway Line|West Coastway]] railway line.

Shoreham has a [[Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)|CAA]] Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P884) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.

==History==

===Foundation===
The first aviator to fly there was Harold Piffard in 1910; a memorial garden celebrates his flight.<ref name="Nick Bloom 2012, p70"/> The aerodrome was officially opened on 20 June 1911. The [[Cecil Pashley|first flying school]] opened in 1913.

===First World War===
During the [[World War I|First World War]] the aerodrome was used by the [[Royal Flying Corps]]. It was the departure point for the first flight (Blériots and BEs) to join the conflict across the Channel.<ref>Nick Bloom, "Sunny Shoreham", ''Pilot'', February 2012, p71</ref>

===Inter-war period===
The aerodrome became an airport for the adjacent towns of Brighton, [[Hove]] and Worthing in the 1930s. A new [[airport terminal|terminal]] building was opened on 13 June 1936. It was designed by Stavers Tiltman in the [[Art Deco]] style.<ref>http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1409758</ref> The terminal building is still in use and was designated a Grade II* [[listed building]] in 1984.

===Second World War===
During the [[World War II|Second World War]] the airfield operated a variety of military aircraft including [[Westland Lysander]]s that were later replaced by [[Supermarine Spitfire]]s, [[Hawker Hurricane]]s, [[Boulton Paul Defiant]]s and a pair of [[Bristol Beaufighter]]s. It was an [[Search and rescue|air-sea-rescue]] base with [[Supermarine Walrus]] aircraft joining other wartime activities in the nearby harbour.

The airfield was bombed several times and a [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]] was shot down by ground fire during one such attack, crash-landing near the terminal building.

A [[B-17 Flying Fortress]] crash-landed at the airfield after being damaged during a raid on [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]. The consequent damage to the old guardhouse on the north side of the airfield can still be seen.

===Post-Second World War===
The landing area was entirely grass until a [[tarmac]] runway was built in 1981.

In 1949, F G Miles Engineering Ltd moved to Shoreham from Redhill Aerodrome and soon occupied the repaired Municipal Hangar.

[[Beagle Aircraft]] Ltd (British Executive & General Aviation Ltd) was formed at Shoreham on 7 October 1960 and design drawings were begun a few weeks later for a new prototype twin-engine light transport aircraft. Built as the [[Beagle B.206]]X at Beagle's Rearsby factory near Leicester, this promising new type was completed at Shoreham and first flown by John Nicolson on 15 August 1961. Beagle Aircraft Ltd was nationalised in late 1966 and taken over by the British Motor Corporation but later entered receivership in late 1969 and soon closed down.

In 2006, due to mounting debts the airport was sold by the local authority to a property company on a 150-year lease. It was intended that the airport would provide increasing commercial flight activity for the conurbation on the coast nearby, particularly the city of Brighton & Hove.

The pre-war Municipal Hangar was Listed Grade II in July 2007.

===Present===
The airport is used by privately owned light aeroplanes, flying schools, and for light aircraft and helicopter maintenance and sales. A number of operators provide sight-seeing and pleasure flights, including the experience of flying in two [[T-6 Texan|T-6 Harvard]] World War II [[Trainer (aircraft)|training aircraft]].

On 2nd May 2014, Brighton City Airport Ltd (BCAL) took ownership of Shoreham Airport and operations, taking over from Albemarle.<ref>[http://www.worthingherald.co.uk/news/local/new-plan-safeguards-future-of-shoreham-airport-1-6035934 New plan ‘safeguards future of Shoreham Airport’]</ref>

==RAFA Shoreham Airshow==
[[File:Fairey Swordfish 2 (6064836688).jpg|thumb|[[Fairey Swordfish]] torpedo bomber at 2011 airshow.]]
Once every year in the late summer, the airport is host to the [[Royal Air Forces Association]] (RAFA) Shoreham Airshow. The airshow has flying and static displays by a variety of aircraft such as fast jets, military helicopters, aerobatic aircraft, and historic aircraft. A variety of ground displays by local organisations including the local flying clubs, the armed forces, and classic cars and vehicles. The show has raised over £1.5 million for the Royal Air Forces Association over 21 years.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.shorehamairshow.co.uk/ |title=Shoreham Airshow 2011 - 20th-21st August 2011 |accessdate=2011-02-21}}</ref>

On 15 September 2007, a Second World War vintage [[Hawker Hurricane]] fighter aircraft involved in the RAFA Air Display crashed near [[Lancing College]]. The pilot, Brian Brown, was killed in the crash, the first fatality in the history of the airshow.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/6996734.stm | title=WWII aircraft pilot dies in crash | date=2007-09-15 | accessdate=2007-09-16 | publisher=[[BBC News]] }}</ref> The next year's show in 2008 featured a special tribute to Brown.

The 2007 show raised in excess of £150,000 for the Royal Air Forces Association, a record achievement.{{Citation needed|date=December 2012}}

==Facilities==
[[File:Shoreham Airport OSM.png|thumb|Shoreham Airport]]
There is one terminal building at Shoreham, with a central reception and information desk, together with flight indicator boards announcing all arrivals and departures. The airport has two licensed restaurants. The airport houses [[Northbrook College]]'s engineering department — a [[Centre of Vocational Excellence]] (CoVE) in Aerospace and Aviation. A number of aerospace and aviation commercial businesses have offices and workshops on the airport site and along the perimeter road.

The Shoreham Airport Visitor Centre features exhibits about the airport's history and area aviation history, a library and archive of related historic materials and guided tours of the airport.

== Ground transport ==

=== Rail ===
A halt on the [[West Coastway Line]] was opened in 1910, just in front of the main building of the airport. In 1935 it changed name from ''Bungalow Town Halt'' to ''Shoreham Airport'', but was closed in 1940.

== Airlines and destinations ==
Effective 7 May 2013, there are no regular scheduled passenger services from the airport. Various charter airlines are based at the airport.

== South East Air Support Unit ==
The [[South East Air Support Unit]] operates from Shoreham Airport. Previously [[Sussex Police Air Operations Unit]], the unit has been equipped since February 2000 with a [[MD Helicopters MD Explorer|MD Explorer]], registered as "G-SUSX". The unit is headed by a Police Inspector, assisted by a Police Sergeant and two Police Constables, together with pilots, paramedics, and ground support staff. The aircraft always flies with a crew of three (one civilian pilot, one police officer, and one paramedic) and can reach any part of Sussex (around 1,500 square miles) within 20 minutes.<ref>[http://www.sussex.police.uk/features/specialistUnits/h900.asp SPAOU]</ref>

== Shoreham Airport RFFS ==
The Shoreham Airport Rescue and Firefighting Service provides a professional fire-fighting capability at the airport during operating hours. Headed by a Senior Airport Fire Officer, the service's two watches (Blue Watch and Red Watch) man four fire appliances. The service has operated at the airport continuously for over 90 years.<ref>[http://www.sarffs.co.uk/ SARFFS website]</ref>

Shoreham Airport's aircraft fuelling service is operated as a department of the Rescue and Firefighting Service. There are three large mobile fuel bowsers for delivering both avgas and jet fuel to aircraft, including a service (accompanied by fire applicances) for fast delivery of fuel to police and coastguard emergency helicopters without disengaging their engines. Fuel technicians are attached to the firefighting watches and work the same shift pattern<ref>[http://www.sarffs.co.uk/fuel/fuel.html Airport fuelling team webpage]</ref>

== Film appearances ==
Due to its listed period buildings and facilities, Shoreham Airport has been used by film-makers seeking to portray a small town airport, or even for historical reconstructions of scenes from the 1930s onwards. The airport has appeared in ''[[Agatha Christie's Poirot]]'' "[[The Adventure of the Western Star]]", "[[Death in the Clouds]]" and "[[Lord Edgeware Dies]]".<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0235681/</ref><ref>http://www.tvlocations.net/lordedgware.htm</ref><ref>http://investigatingpoirot.blogspot.com.es/2013/08/episode-by-episode-lord-edgware-dies.html</ref> External shots of the airport were also used in the film ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://archive.theargus.co.uk/2006/1/9/206742.html | title=Secret Da Vinci Code airport set revealed | date=2006-01-09 | publisher=[[The Argus (Brighton)|The Argus]] | accessdate=2007-09-16 }}</ref> The airport was used in the feature length documentary ''Angel Without Wings''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.factnotfictionfilms.com/aww.html | title=Angel Without Wings | date=2011-03-31 | work=Fact Not Fiction Films | accessdate=2011-10-28 }}</ref>

[[File:Shoreham Airport approach to runway 20.JPG|thumb|The airport's paved runway, with the [[River Adur]] in the foreground.]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Shoreham Airport}}
* [http://www.shorehamairport.co.uk/ Shoreham Airport (official website)]
* [http://www.visitorcentre.info/ Shoreham Airport Visitor Centre (official website)]
* [http://www.shorehamairshow.co.uk/ Shoreham Airshow (Official website)]

{{Airports in the United Kingdom}}

[[Category:Airports in West Sussex]]
[[Category:Adur District]]
[[Category:Transport in West Sussex]]
[[Category:1910 establishments in England]]

Charles de Gaulle Airport

2014-06-26T09:28:35Z

Fuzzy6988: Corrected error

{{redirect|Paris International Airport|the second commercial airport serving the city|Orly Airport}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
| nativename = {{smaller|''Aéroport Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle''}}
| nativename-r = Roissy Airport
| image = Aeroports de Paris logo.svg
| image-width = 160
| image2 = Aeroport de Roissy.JPG
| image2-width = 250
| IATA = CDG
| ICAO = LFPG
| type = Public
| owner-oper = [[Aéroports de Paris]]
| city-served = Paris, France
| location = {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} NE of Paris
| hub =
<div>
* [[Air France]]
* [[Delta Air Lines]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.delta.com/index.php?s=18&cat=47 |title=Delta Air Lines Newsroom – Press Kit |publisher=News.delta.com |date=7 January 2010|accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref>
* [[FedEx Express]]
* [[XL Airways France]]
</div>
|focus_city =
<div>
* [[Air Méditerranée]]
* [[EasyJet]]
* [[Europe Airpost]]
| elevation-f = 392
| elevation-m = 119
| website = [http://www.aeroportsdeparis.fr/ADP/en-gb/passagers/home/ aeroportsdeparis.fr]
| latd = 49 | latm = 00 | lats = 35 | latNS = N
| longd= 002 | longm= 32 | longs= 52 | longEW= E
| coordinates_region = FR-J
| image_map = Île-de-France in France.svg
| image_map_caption = Location of [[Île-de-France]] region in France
| pushpin_map = France Île-de-France
| pushpin_label = CDG
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Île-de-France
| metric-rwy = Y
| r1-number = 08L/26R
| r1-length-m = 4,215
| r1-length-f = 13,829
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt]]
| r2-number = 08R/26L
| r2-length-m = 2,700
| r2-length-f = 8,858
| r2-surface = Concrete
| r3-number = 09L/27R
| r3-length-m = 2,700
| r3-length-f = 8,858
| r3-surface = Asphalt
| r4-number = 09R/27L
| r4-length-m = 4,200
| r4-length-f = 13,780
| r4-surface = Asphalt
| stat-year = 2013
| stat1-header = Aircraft movements
| stat1-data = 497,763
| stat2-header = Passengers
| stat2-data = 62,052,917
| stat3-header = Economic impact
| stat3-data = {{nowrap|$29.0 billion<ref name=CDG_ESI>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecquants.com/2012_CDG.aspx |title=Paris Charles de Gaulle airport – Economic and social impact |publisher=Ecquants |accessdate=7 September 2013}}</ref>}}
| stat4-header = Social impact
| stat4-data = {{nowrap|250.8 thousand<ref name=CDG_ESI/>}}
| footnotes = Sources: [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] France,<ref name="AIP"/> [[Airports Council International|ACI]]<ref name="ACIMOVE">[http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-57_666_2__ Traffic Movements 2010 Final] from [[Airports Council International]]</ref><ref name="ACIPAX">[http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-55_666_2__ Passenger Traffic 2010 Final] from [[Airports Council International]]</ref>
}}

'''Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|Aéroport de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle}}, {{Airport codes|CDG|LFPG|p=n}}), also known as '''Roissy Airport''' (or just ''Roissy'' in French), is one of the world's principal aviation centres, as well as France's largest airport. It is named after [[Charles de Gaulle]] (1890–1970), leader of the [[Free French Forces]] and founder of the [[French Fifth Republic]], as well as the [[President of France]] from 1959 to 1969. The airport is located within portions of several [[Communes of France|communes]], {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="AIP">{{AIP_FR|LFPG|name=PARIS CHARLES DE GAULLE}}</ref> to the northeast of Paris. The airport serves as the principal [[airline hub|hub]] for [[Air France]].

In 2013, the airport handled 62,052,917 passengers and 497,763 aircraft movements,<ref name="pax">{{cite web
|url=http://www.aeroport.fr/les-aeroports-de-l-uaf/stats-paris-charles-de-gaulle.php
|title=Statistiques annuelles
|publisher=Union des aéroports Français
|accessdate=24 February 2012}}</ref> making it the [[World's busiest airports by passenger traffic|world's eighth busiest airport]] and Europe's second busiest airport (after [[London Heathrow Airport|London Heathrow]]) in passengers served. It also is the [[World's busiest airports by traffic movements|world's tenth busiest]] and [[Busiest airports in Europe|Europe's busiest airport]] in aircraft movement. In cargo traffic, the airport is the [[World's busiest airports by cargo traffic|eighth busiest in the world]] and the busiest in Europe, having handled
2,150,950 metric tonnes of cargo in 2012.<ref name="pax"/>
On 1 March 2011, [[Franck Goldnadel]] was appointed as the director of the airport.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.whoswho.fr/bio/franck-goldnadel_66745 Franck Goldnadel]</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} [http://ww.mespages.fr/top-9/5207233/ADP-Franck-Goldnadel-nomme-directeur-de-Paris-CDG.html ADP : Franck Goldnadel nommé directeur de Paris CDG]</ref>

==Location==
Paris Charles de Gaulle airport covers {{convert|32.38|km2|sqmi}} of land. The choice of this vast area was made based on the limited number of potential relocations and expropriations and the possibility to further expand the airport in the future. It straddles three ''[[Departments of France|départements]]'' and six communes:
* [[Seine-et-Marne]] ''département'': communes of [[Le Mesnil-Amelot]] (Terminals 2E, 2F ), [[Mauregard]] (Terminals 1, 3), [[Mitry-Mory]]<ref name="BEArep">"[http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1993/d-at930106p/pdf/d-at930106p.pdf le 5 janvier 1993 Rapport preliminaire relatif à l'accident survenu sur l'aéroport de Roissy-Charles de Gaulle]." [[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile]]. 26/34. Retrieved on 14 July 2010.</ref>
* [[Seine-Saint-Denis]] ''département'': commune of [[Tremblay-en-France]] (Terminals 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, and Roissypôle)<ref name="BEArep"/>
* [[Val-d'Oise]] ''département'': communes of [[Roissy-en-France]] and [[Épiais-lès-Louvres]]

Management of the airport is solely under the authority of ''[[Aéroports de Paris]]'' (ADP), which also manages [[Orly Airport|Orly]], [[Paris – Le Bourget Airport|Le Bourget]], [[Marsa Alam International Airport|Marsa Alam]] in Egypt, and several smaller airports in the suburbs of Paris.

==History==
The planning and construction phase of what was known then as ''Aéroport de Paris Nord'' (Paris North Airport) began in 1966. On 8 March 1974 the airport, renamed Charles de Gaulle Airport, opened. Terminal 1 was built in an [[avant-garde]] design of a ten-floors-high circular building surrounded by seven satellite buildings, each with six gates. The main architect was [[Paul Andreu]], who was also in charge of the extensions during the following decades.

===Corporate identity===
The [[Frutiger|Frutiger typeface]] was commissioned for use in the airport and implemented on signs throughout the building in 1975. Initially called ''Roissy'', it was renamed for its designer [[Adrian Frutiger]].

Until 2005, every [[public address|PA announcement]] made at Terminal 1 was preceded by a distinctive chime, nicknamed "Indicatif Roissy" and composed by [[Bernard Parmegiani]] in 1971. The chime can be heard in the [[Roman Polanski]] film ''[[Frantic (film)|Frantic]]''. Although the chime was officially replaced by the "Indicatif ADP" chime in late 2005 there recently have been unconfirmed reports that Indicatif Roissy has occasionally returned.

==Terminals==
[[File:Terminal 1 of CDG Airport.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Terminal 1]]
[[File:McDonnell Douglas MD-11, Garuda Indonesia AN0626449.jpg|thumb|A Garuda Indonesia [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]] taxiing at Terminal 1 [[Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport]], France in 1994]]
[[File:CDG-aerialview.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Terminal 2]]

[[File:Display Screen At A Paris Airport.jpg|thumb|Terminal 2, Display Screen]]

[[File:CDG-Airport-Map.jpg|thumb|CDG Terminal Map]]

The Airport has three terminals. Terminal 1<ref>Terminal 1 {{Coord|49|00|50.34|N|002|32|30.66|E|type:landmark_region:FR|display=inline|name=Terminal 1, Charles de Gaulle Airport}}</ref> is the oldest. Terminal 2<ref>Terminal 2 {{Coord|49|00|15.81|N|002|34|36.56|E|type:landmark_region:FR|display=inline|name=Terminal 2, Charles de Gaulle Airport}}</ref> was originally built exclusively for [[Air France]], since then it has been expanded significantly and now also hosts other airlines. The third terminal (T3, formerly T9) hosts charter and low-cost airlines. The '''[[CDGVAL]]''' is a light-rail shuttle that links the terminals, railway station and parking lots. Started on 4 April 2007, the CDGVAL links all three terminals (except hall 2G). There is only a single station for Terminal 2, near the rail station, so the walk distance to the more distant halls 2A–2B is more than {{convert|500|m|abbr=on}} (and both CDGVAL and bus are needed to reach 2G from Terminal 1).

===Terminal 1===

The first terminal, designed by Paul Andreu, was built in the image of an octopus. It consists of a circular central part housing central functions like check-in and baggage claim. Seven satellites which are connected to the central building by underground walkways contain the gates.

The central building, with a vast skylight in its centre, sees each floor dedicated to a single function. The first floor is reserved for technical functions and is not accessible to the public. The second floor contains shops and restaurants, the CDGVAL shuttle platforms and a part of the counters from a recent renovation. The majority of check-in counters are located on the third floor, which also has access to travel by taxi, bus and special vehicles. Departing travellers can reach the fourth floor, which contains duty-free stores and border control posts, and connects, by tunnels passing under the tarmac, to satellite terminals where the boarding gates are located. Travellers arriving in these same satellites follow a path to reach the fifth floor where baggage claim and customs are located, as well as the arrival area and exit areas. The four upper floors are reserved for parking or use of administration and the airlines.

The passage between the third, fourth and fifth floors is done through a tangle of escalators arranged in the centre of the building. These escalators are suspended over the central court. Each escalator is covered with a transparent tube for cover from the weather. These escalators were often used in films (for example, in ''The Last Gang of Ariel Zeitoun''). The [[Alan Parsons Project]] album ''[[I Robot (album)|I Robot]]'' features these escalators on its cover.

Andreu initially had envisaged building several terminals on this model. Nevertheless, the first years of operation identified several defects due to the original design of the building. While adequate for journeys originating or ending in Paris, the terminal is not very suitable as a hub since it cannot be expanded. Many passengers have been disappointed to have no view of planes from the main terminal, in contrast to the situation at the airport of Orly. It thus paved the way for a more traditional design for future terminals at CDG.

===Terminal 2===
This consists of seven terminals: '''2A''', '''2B''', '''2C''', '''2D''', '''2E''', '''2F''', and, at a distance of {{convert|800|m|mi|1|abbr=on}}, '''2G'''. The first six are joined by ground-level or below-ground passageways. K, L and M are not terminals but halls of terminal 2E, adding confusion for passengers. Terminal 2G is only reachable by a bus service from the other terminals. Terminal 2 has an RER and [[TGV]] station, [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 – TGV]], below the common area linking halls 2C–2F.

====Collapse of Terminal 2E====
Terminal 2E, with a daring design and wide open spaces, was CDG's newest addition. On 23 May 2004, not long after its inauguration, a portion of Terminal 2E's ceiling collapsed early in the day, near [[Gate (airport)|Gate]] E50, killing four people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3743081.stm|title='Fresh cracks' at Paris airport|publisher=BBC News |date=24 May 2004}}</ref> Two of the dead were reported to be Chinese citizens and another a Czech. Three other people were injured in the collapse. Terminal 2E had been inaugurated in 2003 after some delays in construction and was designed by [[Paul Andreu]]. Administrative and judicial enquiries were started. Andreu also designed Terminal 3 at [[Dubai International Airport]], which collapsed while under construction on 28 September 2004.

Before this accident, ADP had been planning for an [[initial public offering]] in 2005 with the new terminal as a major attraction for investors. The partial collapse and indefinite closing of the terminal just before the beginning of summer seriously hurt the airport's business plan.

In February 2005, the results from the administrative inquiry were published. The experts pointed out that there was no single fault, but rather a number of causes for the collapse, in a design that had little margin for safety. The inquiry found the concrete [[Vault (architecture)|vaulted roof]] was not resilient enough and had been pierced by metallic pillars and some openings weakened the structure. Sources close to the inquiry also disclosed that the whole building chain had worked as close to the limits as possible, so as to reduce costs. Paul Andreu denounced the building companies for having not correctly prepared the [[reinforced concrete]].

On 17 March 2005, ADP decided to tear down and rebuild the whole part of Terminal 2E (the "jetty") of which a section had collapsed, at a cost of approximately €100 million.<ref>[http://news.tf1.fr/news/france/0,,3208103,00.html Infos en direct et en vidéo, l'actualité en temps réel – tf1.fr]{{Dead link|date=September 2008}}</ref> The reconstruction replaced the innovative concrete tube style of the jetty with a more traditional steel and glass structure. During reconstruction, two temporary departure lounges were constructed in the vicinity of the terminal that replicated the capacity of 2E before the collapse. The terminal reopened completely on 30 March 2008.

====Terminal 2G====
Terminal 2G, dedicated to regional Air France flights and its affiliates, opened in 2008. This terminal is to the east of all terminals and can only be reached by shuttle bus. Terminal 2G is used for passengers flying in the [[Schengen Area]] (and thus has no passport control) and handles Air France regional and European traffic and provides small-capacity planes (up to 150 passengers) with a faster turnaround time than is currently possible by enabling them to park close to the new terminal building and boarding passengers primarily by bus, or walking. Its bus connection is outside the security area and a security check is needed also for transfer passengers. At least 20 minutes must be planned as time when getting from another terminal to the 2G departure area.

====Hall L (Satellite 3)====
The completion of {{convert|750|m|abbr=on}} long Satellite 3 (or S3) to the immediate east of Terminals 2E and 2F provides further [[Jet bridge|jetways]] for large-capacity airliners, specifically the [[Airbus A380]]. Check-in and [[Baggage handling system|baggage handling]] are provided by the existing infrastructure in Terminals 2E and 2F. Satellite 3 was opened in part on 27 June 2007 and fully operational in September 2007. It corresponds now to gates L of terminal 2E.

====Hall M (Satellite 4)====
The satellite S4, adjacent to the S3 and part of terminal 2E, officially opened on 28 June 2012. It corresponds now to gates M of terminal 2E. Dedicated to long-haul flights, it has the ability to handle 16 aircraft at the same time, with an expected capacity of 7.8 million passengers per year. Its opening has led to the relocation of all Skyteam airlines to terminals 2E (for international carriers), 2F (for Schengen European carriers), and 2G.

====Future====
Air France has moved all of its operations previously located at 2C to 2E. In October 2012, 2F closed its international operations and became completely Schengen, allowing for all Air France flights currently operating in 2D to relocate to terminal 2F. Further, in April 2013, Terminal 2B closed for a complete renovation (all airlines relocated to 2D), and will receive upgrades including the addition of a second floor completely dedicated to arrivals. Once 2B is completed, 2D will close and receive similar upgrades, including the addition of a new floor. Low-cost carrier EasyJet has shown its interest in being the sole carrier at 2B.<ref name="S4_ADP">{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroportsdeparis.fr/ADP/Resources/90cfb7fb-0d8f-4b33-ba12-48433680b4c8-DPFutursatellite4delaeroportParisCharlesdeGaulle.pdf |title=Le future satellite 4 de l'aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle |format=PDF |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref> To facilitate connections, a new boarding area between 2A and 2C was opened in March 2012. It allows for all security and passport control to be handled in a single area, allows for many new shopping opportunities as well as new airline lounges, and eases transfer restrictions between 2A and 2C.

===Terminal 3===
Terminal 3 consists of separate buildings for both arrivals and departures. It is located {{convert|1|km|abbr=on}} from Terminal 1, but the walking path is {{convert|3|km|abbr=on}} long. The RER and CDGVAL trains are at a distance of {{convert|300|m|abbr=on}} on foot. This terminal building has no direct boarding gates, all passengers are ferried via buses to the aircraft stands.

==Roissypôle==
Roissypôle is a complex consisting of office buildings, shopping areas, and hotels within Charles de Gaulle Airport. The complex includes the head office of Air France,<ref name="GEMO">"[http://www.gemo-paris.com/eng/pdf/New_Fiche_AF_HQ_Eng.pdf AIR FRANCE HEAD QUARTERS – ROISSYPOLE]." Groupement d'Etudes et de Méthodes d'Ordonnancement (GEMO). Retrieved on 20 September 2009.</ref> [[Continental Square]],<ref>"[http://www.seifert.co.uk/images%5Croisspoll.pdf Continental Square]." Seifert Architects. Retrieved on 21 June 2010.</ref> the [[Hilton Hotels|Hilton]] Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport,<ref>"[http://www1.hilton.com/en_US/hi/hotel/CDGHITW-Hilton-Paris-Charles-De-Gaulle-Airport/index.do Hilton Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport]." [[Hilton Hotels]]. Retrieved on 21 June 2010.</ref> and le Dôme building. Le Dôme includes the head office of Air France Consulting, an Air France subsidiary.<ref>"[http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/the-airline/subsidiaries/air-france-consulting/ Air France Consulting]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}." Air France. Retrieved on 21 June 2010.</ref> Continental Square has the head office of [[XL Airways France]],<ref>"[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=10175763 XL Airways France]." ''[[BusinessWeek]]''. Retrieved on 17 July 2010.</ref> the head office of Air France subsidiary [[Servair]]<ref>"[http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/the-airline/subsidiaries/servair/ Servair]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}." Air France. Retrieved on 21 June 2010.</ref> and the Air France Vaccinations Centre.<ref>"[http://www.airfrance.com/UA/en/common/guidevoyageur/bienetre_sante/bienetre_sante_vaccinations.htm Prevention and Vaccinations]." Air France. Retrieved on 19 June 2010.</ref>

==Airlines and destinations==

===Passenger===
[[File:Avions 2F.jpg|thumb|right|[[Air France]] aircraft on stands at Terminal 2F at Charles de Gaulle Airport.]]
[[File:B777 leaving ramp 1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Air France]] [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200/ER]] taxiing at Charles de Gaulle Airport.]]
[[File:EVA Air Boeing 747-400 Bidini.jpg|thumb|right|[[EVA Airways]] [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-400]] taxiing at Charles de Gaulle Airport.]]
[[File:Push Back KLM.jpg|thumb|right|[[KLM]] [[Boeing 737 Next Generation|Boeing 737-700]] Push-back at Charles de Gaulle Airport.]]
{{Airport-dest-list
|3rdcoltitle = Terminal / Hall

|[[Adria Airways]]|[[Ljubljana Airport|Ljubljana]] | 1

|[[Aegean Airlines]]|[[Athens International Airport|Athens]] '''Seasonal''': [[Kalamata International Airport|Kalamata]],<ref>http://airlineroute.net/2013/10/02/a3-s14update2/</ref> [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Rhodes International Airport|Rhodes]], [[Thessaloniki International Airport|Thessaloniki]] | 1

|[[Aer Lingus]]| [[Cork Airport|Cork]], [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]] | 1

|[[Aeroflot]]|[[Moscow–Sheremetyevo]] | 2C

|[[Aeroflot]] operated by [[Rossiya (airline)|Rossiya]]|[[Pulkovo Airport|Saint Petersburg]] | 2C

|[[Aeroméxico]]|[[Mexico City International Airport|Mexico City]] | 2E

|[[Aigle Azur]]|[[Houari Boumediene Airport|Algiers]] '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]]| 2D

|[[Air Algérie]]|[[Houari Boumediene Airport|Algiers]], [[Mohamed Boudiaf International Airport|Constantine]], [[Oran Es Sénia Airport|Oran]] | 2C

|[[Air Armenia]]|[[Zvartnots International Airport|Yerevan]]<ref name=AirArmeniaSche>{{cite web|title=Schedule|url=http://www.air.am/en/schedule/7/|publisher=Air Armenia CJSC|accessdate=14 February 2014}}</ref> | 2E

|[[Air Austral]]|[[Roland Garros Airport|Saint-Denis de la Réunion]] | 2C

|[[Air Cairo]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Hurghada Airport|Hurghada]], [[Luxor Airport|Luxor]], [[Marsa Alam Airport|Marsa Alam]] | 3

|[[Air Canada]]|[[Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport|Montréal–Trudeau]], [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto–Pearson]] | 2A

|[[Air China]]|[[Beijing–Capital]], [[Shanghai–Pudong]] | 1

|[[Air Europa]]|[[Málaga Airport|Málaga]], [[Valencia Airport|Valencia]] | 2F

|[[Air France]]|[[Port Bouet Airport|Abidjan]], [[Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport|Abuja]], [[Houari Boumediene Airport|Algiers]], [[Queen Alia International Airport|Amman–Queen Alia]], [[Ivato Airport|Antananarivo]], [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Bamako–Sénou International Airport|Bamako]], [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]], [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore]], [[Bangui M'Poko International Airport|Bangui]], [[Beijing Capital International Airport|Beijing–Capital]], [[Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport|Beirut]], [[Birmingham Airport|Birmingham]], [[El Dorado International Airport|Bogotá]], [[Logan International Airport|Boston]], [[Brasilia International Airport|Brasilia]],<ref>http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/press/news/article/item/air-france-klm-expands-in-brazil-1/</ref> [[Maya-Maya Airport|Brazzaville]], [[Henri Coandă International Airport|Bucharest]], [[Ministro Pistarini International Airport|Buenos Aires–Ezeiza]], [[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]], [[Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)|Caracas]], [[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]], [[Conakry International Airport|Conakry]], [[Cadjehoun Airport|Cotonou]], [[Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport|Dakar]], [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport|Detroit]], [[Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport|Djibouti]], [[Douala International Airport|Douala]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai-International]], [[Lungi International Airport|Freetown]], [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou]], [[José Martí International Airport|Havana]], [[Tan Son Nhat International Airport|Ho Chi Minh City]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[George Bush Intercontinental Airport|Houston–Intercontinental]], [[Atatürk International Airport|Istanbul–Atatürk]], [[Soekarno-Hatta International Airport|Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta]] (resumes 9 July 2014),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airlineroute.net/2014/05/18/af-cgk-jul14update2/|title=AIRFRANCE Delays Jakarta Resumptions to mid-July 2014 |publisher=Airline Route|date=18 May 2014| accessdate=18 May 2014}}</ref> [[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]], [[OR Tambo International Airport|Johannesburg–OR Tambo]], [[Boryspil International Airport|Kiev–Boryspil]], [[N'djili Airport|Kinshasa–N'djili]], [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur]], [[Murtala Muhammed International Airport|Lagos]], [[Libreville International Airport|Libreville]], [[Jorge Chávez International Airport|Lima]], [[Lomé–Tokoin Airport|Lomé]], [[Heathrow Airport|London–Heathrow]], [[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]], [[Quatro de Fevereiro Airport|Luanda]], [[Malabo International Airport|Malabo]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]], [[Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport|Mauritius]], [[Mexico City International Airport|Mexico City]], [[Miami International Airport|Miami]], [[Roberts International Airport|Monrovia]], [[Carrasco International Airport|Montevideo]], [[Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport|Montréal–Trudeau]], [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Mumbai]], [[N'Djamena International Airport|N'djamena]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Diori Hamani International Airport|Niamey]], [[Nouakchott International Airport|Nouakchott]], [[Kansai International Airport|Osaka–Kansai]], [[Ouagadougou Airport|Ouagadougou]], [[Tocumen International Airport|Panama City]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/press/news/article/item/this-winter-fly-off-to-panama-with-air-france-1/ |title=This winter, fly off to Panama with Air France! : Air France – Corporate |publisher=Corporate.airfrance.com |date=20 June 2013 |accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> [[Faa'a International Airport|Papeete]], [[Pointe Noire Airport|Pointe-Noire]], [[Port Harcourt International Airport|Port Harcourt]], [[Punta Cana International Airport|Punta Cana]], [[Rabat–Salé Airport|Rabat]], [[Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport|Rio de Janeiro–Galeão]], [[King Khalid International Airport|Riyadh]], [[Princess Juliana International Airport|St Maarten]], [[Pulkovo Airport|Saint Petersburg]], [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]], [[Las Américas International Airport|Santo Domingo–Las Américas]], [[Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport|Santiago de Chile]], [[São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport|São Paulo–Guarulhos]], [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]], [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport|Shanghai–Pudong]], [[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore]], [[Sofia Airport|Sofia]], [[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]], [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo-Haneda]],<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/press/news/article/item/haneda-the-new-airport-in-tokyo-served-by-air-france-1/|title=Haneda, the new airport in Tokyo served by Air France|publisher=[[Air France]]|date=10 December 2013|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> [[Narita International Airport|Tokyo-Narita]], [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto–Pearson]], [[Tunis–Carthage International Airport|Tunis]], [[Washington Dulles International Airport|Washington–Dulles]], [[Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport|Yaoundé]], [[Wuhan Tianhe International Airport|Wuhan]],<ref>[http://www.changjiangtimes.com/2013/11/462364.html Wuhan-Paris line will continue after 29 March 2014]</ref> [[Zvartnots International Airport|Yerevan]] '''Seasonal''': [[Cancún International Airport|Cancún]], [[Cayenne – Rochambeau Airport|Cayenne]], [[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Cape Town International Airport|Cape Town]], [[Minneapolis−Saint Paul International Airport|Minneapolis/St. Paul]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/press/news/article/item/fly-off-to-minneapolis-stpaul-and-kuala-lumpur-with-air-france-next-summer/ |title=Fly off to Minneapolis-St.Paul and Kuala Lumpur with Air France next summer : Air France – Corporate |publisher=Corporate.airfrance.com |date=23 October 2012 |accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> | 2E

|[[Air France]]|[[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[Athens International Airport|Athens]], [[Barcelona El Prat Airport|Barcelona]], [[Berlin Tegel Airport|Berlin–Tegel]], [[Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport|Bologna]] (begins 26 October 2014), [[Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport|Bordeaux]], [[Brest Bretagne Airport|Brest]], [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Düsseldorf International Airport|Düsseldorf]], [[Florence Airport, Peretola|Florence]], [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Geneva International Airport|Geneva]], [[Hamburg Airport|Hamburg]], [[Lisbon Portela Airport|Lisbon]], [[Lyon–Saint Exupéry Airport|Lyon]], [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]], [[Marseille Provence Airport|Marseille]], [[Linate Airport|Milan–Linate]], [[Montpellier – Méditerranée Airport|Montpellier]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]], [[Nantes Atlantique Airport|Nantes]], [[Naples Airport|Naples]], [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|Nice]], [[Prague Ruzyně Airport|Prague]], [[Rome–Fiumicino]], [[Stockholm–Arlanda]], [[Toulouse–Blagnac Airport|Toulouse]], [[Turin Caselle Airport|Turin]], [[Venice Marco Polo Airport|Venice–Marco Polo]], [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]], [[Warsaw Chopin Airport|Warsaw–Chopin]], [[Zurich Airport|Zurich]] | 2F

|[[Air France]] operated by [[CityJet]]|[[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], [[Edinburgh Airport|Edinburgh]], [[Newcastle Airport|Newcastle upon Tyne]] | 2E

|[[Air France]] operated by [[CityJet]]| [[Hannover–Langenhagen Airport|Hannover]], [[Stuttgart Airport|Stuttgart]], [[Turin Caselle Airport|Turin]] | 2G

|Air France operated by [[HOP!]]| [[Aberdeen Airport|Aberdeen]], [[Zagreb Airport|Zagreb]] | 2E

|[[Air France]] operated by [[HOP!]]|[[EuroAirport Basel–Mulhouse–Freiburg|Basel/Mulhouse]], [[Bilbao Airport|Bilbao]], [[Billund Airport|Billund]], [[Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport|Bologna]] (ends 25 October 2014), [[Bremen Airport|Bremen]], [[Brest Bretagne Airport|Brest]], [[Clermont-Ferrand Auvergne Airport|Clermont-Ferrand]], [[Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport|Genoa]], [[Gothenburg–Landvetter]], [[Hannover–Langenhagen Airport|Hanover]], [[Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport|Ljubljana]], [[Nuremberg Airport|Nuremberg]], [[Oslo–Gardermoen]], [[Pau Pyrénées Airport|Pau]], [[Rennes – Saint-Jacques Airport|Rennes]], [[Stavanger Airport|Stavanger-Sola]], [[Turin Caselle Airport|Turin]], [[Verona Airport|Verona]], [[Vigo–Peinador Airport|Vigo]] | 2G

|[[Air India]]|[[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]] | 2C

|[[Air Lituanica]]| [[Vilnius Airport|Vilnius]]<ref>http://www.airlituanica.com/en/about-us/news/new-flight-to-paris/</ref> | 1

|[[Air Madagascar]]|[[Ivato Airport|Antananarivo]] | 2C

|[[Air Malta]]|[[Malta International Airport|Malta]] | 2D

|[[Air Mauritius]]|[[Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport|Mauritius]] | 2E

|[[Air Méditerranée]]|[[Agadir–Al Massira Airport|Agadir]], [[Houari Boumediene Airport|Algiers]], [[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]], [[Chlef International Airport|Chlef]], [[Djerba–Zarzis International Airport|Djerba]], [[Ovda Airport|Eilat–Ovda]], [[Fuerteventura Airport|Fuerteventura]], [[Oran Es Sénia Airport|Oran]], [[Angads Airport|Oujda]], [[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Ibiza Airport|Ibiza]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]], [[Paphos International Airport|Paphos]], [[Split Airport|Split]] '''Seasonal charter''': [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]], [[Athens International Airport|Athens]], [[Chania Airport|Chania]], [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]], [[Milas–Bodrum Airport|Bodrum]], [[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]], [[Jerez Airport|Jerez de la Frontera]], [[Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport|Olbia]], [[Pula Airport|Pula]] | 3

|[[Air One]]|[[Catania-Fontanarossa Airport|Catania]],<ref name="Air One">[https://flyairone.com/IT-IT/gestisci-viaggio/orario-voli/Default.aspx Air One begins Catania, Palermo and Verona-Paris routes]</ref> [[Falcone–Borsellino Airport|Palermo]],<ref name="Air One"/> [[Verona Villafranca Airport|Verona]] | 3

|[[Air Serbia]]|[[Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport|Belgrade]] | 2D

|[[Air Seychelles]]|[[Abu Dhabi International Airport|Abu Dhabi]] (begins 2 July 2014),<ref name="Air Seychelles">{{cite web|url=http://airlineroute.net/2014/05/14/hm-cdg-jul14/|title=Air Seychelles to Resume Paris Service from July 2014|publisher=Airline Route|date=15 May 2014|accessdate=15 May 2014}}</ref> [[Seychelles International Airport|Mahé]] (resumes 2 July 2014)<ref name="Air Seychelles"/> | TBD

|[[Air Tahiti Nui]]|[[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]], [[Faa'a International Airport|Papeete]] | 2A

|[[Air Transat]]|[[Montreal–Trudeau]], [[Toronto–Pearson]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]], [[Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport|Québec City]], [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]] | 3

|[[airBaltic]]|[[Riga International Airport|Riga]] |2D

|[[Alitalia]]|[[Linate Airport|Milan–Linate]], [[Rome–Fiumicino]] | 2F

|[[All Nippon Airways]]|[[Tokyo-Haneda]],<ref>http://www.ana.co.jp/eng/aboutana/press/2013/131209.html</ref> [[Tokyo–Narita]] | 1

|[[American Airlines]]|[[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport|Dallas/Fort Worth]], [[Miami International Airport|Miami]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Logan International Airport|Boston]] | 2C

|[[Arkia Israel Airlines]]|[[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Ovda Airport|Eilat–Ovda]] | 3

|[[Asiana Airlines]] |[[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]] | 1

|[[Austrian Airlines]] operated by [[Tyrolean Airways]] |[[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]] | 2D

|[[Azerbaijan Airlines]]|[[Heydar Aliyev International Airport|Baku]] | 2D

|[[Belavia]]|[[Minsk International Airport|Minsk-National]] | 2D

|[[Blue Islands]]|[[Jersey Airport|Jersey]] | 1

|[[British Airways]]|[[Heathrow Airport|London–Heathrow]] | 2A

|[[Brussels Airlines]]|[[Brussels Airport|Brussels]] | 1

|[[Bulgaria Air]]|[[Sofia Airport|Sofia]] | 2D

|[[Cathay Pacific]]|[[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]] | 2A

|[[Camair-Co]]|[[Douala International Airport|Douala]], [[Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport|Yaoundé]] | 1

|[[China Eastern Airlines]]|[[Shanghai–Pudong]] | 2E

|[[China Southern Airlines]]|[[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou]] | 2E

|[[Croatia Airlines]]|[[Zagreb Airport|Zagreb]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]], [[Pula Airport|Pula]], [[Split Airport|Split]], [[Zadar Airport|Zadar]] | 1

|[[Cyprus Airways]]|[[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]] | 2D

|[[Czech Airlines]]|[[Prague Ruzyně Airport|Prague]] | 2D

|[[Darwin Airline]]|[[Cambridge Airport|Cambridge]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/10068390/Flights-to-Europe-from-Cambridge-Airport.html |title=Flights to Europe from Cambridge Airport |publisher=Telegraph |date= 20 May 2013|accessdate=27 June 2013 |location=London |first=Oliver |last=Smith}}</ref> [[Leipzig/Halle Airport|Leipzig/Halle]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviationtribune.com/routes/item/545-darwin-launches-leipzig-to-paris-and-amsterdam |title=Darwin launches Leipzig to Paris and Amsterdam |publisher=Aviationtribune.com |date= |accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> | 2D

|[[Delta Air Lines]]|[[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport|Cincinnati]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport|Detroit]], [[Minneapolis−Saint Paul International Airport|Minneapolis/St. Paul]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[Salt Lake City International Airport|Salt Lake City]], [[Seattle–Tacoma International Airport|Seattle/Tacoma]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Logan International Airport|Boston]], [[Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Philadelphia International Airport|Philadelphia]], [[Pittsburgh International Airport|Pittsburgh]] | 2E

|[[easyJet]]|[[Agadir–Al Massira Airport|Agadir]], [[Ajaccio – Napoléon Bonaparte Airport|Ajaccio]], [[Barcelona El Prat Airport|Barcelona]], [[Bari Airport|Bari]], [[Bastia – Poretta Airport|Bastia]], [[Belfast–International]], [[Biarritz – Anglet – Bayonne Airport|Biarritz]], [[Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport|Bologna]], [[Bristol Airport|Bristol]], [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]], [[Catania–Fontanarossa Airport|Catania]], [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Edinburgh Airport|Edinburgh]], [[Glasgow International Airport|Glasgow–International]], [[John Paul II International Airport Kraków–Balice|Kraków]], [[Lisbon Portela Airport|Lisbon]], [[Liverpool John Lennon Airport|Liverpool]], [[Gatwick Airport|London-Gatwick]], [[London–Luton]], [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]], [[Málaga Airport|Málaga]], [[Marrakech–Menara Airport|Marrakech]], [[Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]], [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|Nice]], [[Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport|Porto]], [[Prague Ruzyně Airport|Prague]], [[Toulouse–Blagnac Airport|Toulouse]], [[Venice Marco Polo Airport|Venice–Marco Polo]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Corfu Airport|Corfu]], [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Ibiza Airport|Ibiza]], [[Menorca Airport|Minorca]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]], [[Split Airport|Split]] | 2D

|[[EgyptAir]]|[[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]] '''Seasonal''': [[Luxor International Airport|Luxor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airlineroute.net/2014/02/18/ms-lxrcdg-feb14/|title=EGYPTAIR Resumes Luxor – Paris Service from late-Feb 2014|publisher=Airline Route|date=18 February 2014|accessdate=18 February 2014}}</ref> | 1

|[[El Al]]|[[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Ovda Airport|Eilat–Ovda]] | 2A

|[[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]|[[Dubai International Airport|Dubai-International]] | 2C

|[[Equatorial Congo Airlines]] operated by [[PrivatAir]]|[[Maya-Maya Airport|Brazzaville]] | 1

|[[Estonian Air]]|'''Seasonal:''' [[Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport|Tallinn]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Estonian Air Timetable|url=http://estonian-air.com/en/timetable/|publisher=Estonian Air|accessdate=4 December 2012}}</ref> | 2D

|[[Ethiopian Airlines]]|[[Bole International Airport|Addis Ababa]] | 2A

|[[Etihad Airways]]|[[Abu Dhabi International Airport|Abu Dhabi]] | 2C

|[[Europe Airpost]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Calvi – Sainte-Catherine Airport|Calvi]], [[Glasgow Airport|Glasgow-International]], [[Halifax Stanfield International Airport|Halifax]] (both begin 4 July 2014)<ref>[http://www.europeairpost.com/en/europe-airpost-ouvre-une-serie-de-vols-reguliers-transatlantiques-2/ europeairpost.com – The French airline Europe Airpost launches scheduled flights between Paris, Glasgow and Halifax]</ref> '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]], [[Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport|Porto]], [[San Pablo Airport|Seville]] |3

|[[EVA Air]]|[[Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport|Taipei–Taoyuan]] | 1

|[[Finnair]]|[[Helsinki Airport|Helsinki]] | 2D

|[[Flybe]]|[[Birmingham Airport|Birmingham]], [[Exeter International Airport|Exeter]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]] | 2E

|[[Freebird Airlines]]|'''Seasonal Charter:''' [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]], [[Dalaman Airport|Dalaman]] | 3

|[[Georgian Airways]]|'''Seasonal''': [[Tbilisi International Airport|Tbilisi]]<ref name=A9SumSche>{{cite web|title=Schedule for Summer Season|url=http://www.georgian-airways.com/index.php?m=161|work=Schedule|publisher=Georgian Airways|accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref> | 2D

|[[Germanwings]]| [[Berlin Tegel Airport|Berlin–Tegel]] (begins 31 August 2014), [[Düsseldorf Airport|Düsseldorf]] (begins 18 September 2014), [[Hamburg Airport|Hamburg]] | 1

|[[Gulf Air]]|[[Bahrain International Airport|Bahrain]] | 2C

|[[Hainan Airlines]]| [[Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport|Hangzhou]] (begins 4 September 2014), [[Xi'an Xianyang International Airport|Xi'an]] (begins 4 September 2014) | 2A

|[[Hunnu Air]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Chinggis Khaan International Airport|Ulaanbaatar]] | 2D

|[[Icelandair]]|[[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavík–Keflavík]] | 1

|[[Israir Airlines]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] | 2A

|[[Japan Airlines]]|[[Tokyo–Haneda]], [[Tokyo–Narita]] | 2E

|[[Jet2.com]]| [[East Midlands Airport|East Midlands]], [[Leeds Bradford International Airport|Leeds/Bradford]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]] | 3

|[[Jet Airways]]| [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Mumbai]] | 2C

|[[Kenya Airways]]|[[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport|Nairobi–Kenyatta]] | 2C

|[[KLM]]|[[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]] | 2F

|[[Korean Air]]|[[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]] | 2E

|[[Kuwait Airways]]|[[Kuwait International Airport|Kuwait]], [[Rome–Fiumicino]] | 1

| [[La Compagnie]] | [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]] (begins 11 July 2014)<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/business/travel/new-airline-fly-business-class-only-between-paris-u-s-n134131</ref> | 1

|[[Livingston Compagnia Aerea|Livingston]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] | 3

|[[LOT Polish Airlines]]|[[Warsaw Chopin Airport|Warsaw–Chopin]] | 1

|[[Lufthansa]] | [[Berlin Tegel Airport|Berlin–Tegel]] (ends 30 August 2014), [[Düsseldorf Airport|Düsseldorf]] (ends 17 September 2014), [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]] | 1

|[[Lufthansa Regional]] {{nowrap|operated by [[Lufthansa CityLine]]}} | [[Munich Airport|Munich]] | 1

|[[Luxair]]|[[Luxembourg – Findel Airport|Luxembourg]] | 2G

|[[Malaysia Airlines]]|[[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur]] | 1

|[[Meridiana]]|'''Seasonal:''' [[Olbia – Costa Smeralda Airport|Olbia]] | 3

|[[Middle East Airlines]]|[[Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport|Beirut]] | 2C

|[[Montenegro Airlines]]|[[Podgorica Airport|Podgorica]] | 2D

|[[Neos (airline)|Neos]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Fuerteventura Airport|Fuerteventura]] | 3

|[[Nesma Airlines]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Taba Airport|Taba]] | 3

|[[Niki (airline)|Niki]]|[[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]] | 3

|[[Oman Air]]|[[Muscat International Airport|Muscat]] | 2A

|{{nowrap|[[Pakistan International Airlines]]}}| [[Benazir Bhutto International Airport|Islamabad]], [[Jinnah International Airport|Karachi]], [[Allama Iqbal International Airport|Lahore]] |

|[[Royal Jordanian]]|[[Queen Alia International Airport|Amman–Queen Alia]] | 2A

|[[SATA International]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[João Paulo II Airport|Ponta Delgada]] | 1

|[[Saudia]]|[[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]], [[King Khalid International Airport|Riyadh]] | 2C

|[[Scandinavian Airlines]]|[[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Oslo–Gardermoen]], [[Stockholm–Arlanda]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Stavanger Airport, Sola|Stavanger-Sola]], [[Tromsø Airport|Tromsø]] | 1

|[[Singapore Airlines]]|[[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore]] | 1

|[[SmartWings]] {{nowrap|operated by [[Travel Service Airlines]]}} |[[Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava|Ostrava]], [[Prague Ruzyně Airport|Prague]] | 3

|[[SriLankan Airlines]]|[[Bandaranaike International Airport|Colombo-Bandaranaike]] | 1

|[[Sun d'Or]] operated by [[El Al]]| [[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] | 2A


|[[SunExpress]]| [[Adnan Menderes Airport|Izmir]] | 1

|[[Swiss International Air Lines]]|[[Zurich Airport|Zürich]] | 1

|[[Syphax Airlines]]|[[Djerba–Zarzis International Airport|Djerba]], [[Sfax–Thyna International Airport|Sfax]], [[Tunis–Carthage International Airport|Tunis]] | 1

|[[TACV Cabo Verde Airlines]]|[[Amílcar Cabral International Airport|Sal]], [[São Pedro Airport|Sao Vicente]] | 1

|[[TAM Airlines]]|[[São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport|São Paulo–Guarulhos]] | 1

|[[TAROM]]|[[Henri Coandă International Airport|Bucharest]] | 2E

|[[Thai Airways]]|[[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]] | 1

|[[Tunisair]]|[[Djerba–Zarzis International Airport|Djerba]], [[Monastir – Habib Bourguiba International Airport|Monastir]] | 3

|[[Turkish Airlines]]| [[Atatürk International Airport|Istanbul–Atatürk]], [[Sabiha Gökçen International Airport|Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen]] | 1

|[[Turkmenistan Airlines]]| [[Ashgabat International Airport|Ashgabat]]<ref>[http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/39094.html «Туркменские авиалинии» открывают регулярный рейс в Париж]</ref> | 2D

|[[Ukraine International Airlines]]|[[Kiev–Boryspil]] | 2D

|[[United Airlines]]|[[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]], [[Washington Dulles International Airport|Washington–Dulles]] | 1

|[[Ural Airlines]]| [[Koltsovo Airport|Yekaterinburg]] | 2D

|[[US Airways]]|[[Philadelphia International Airport|Philadelphia]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Charlotte/Douglas International Airport|Charlotte]] | 1

|[[Uzbekistan Airways]]|[[Tashkent International Airport|Tashkent]] | 2C

|[[Vietnam Airlines]]|[[Noi Bai International Airport|Hanoi]], [[Tan Son Nhat International Airport|Ho Chi Minh City]] | 2E

|[[Volotea]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport|Olbia]] | 3

|[[Vueling]]| [[Barcelona Airport|Barcelona]],<ref>http://airlineroute.net/2013/10/29/vy-s14update1/</ref> [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]] '''Seasonal''': [[Santiago de Compostela Airport|Santiago de Compostela]] | 3

|[[WOW air]]|[[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavík-Keflavík]] | 3

|[[Yemenia]]|[[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]], [[Sana'a International Airport|Sana'a]] | 1

|[[XL Airways France]]| [[Cancún International Airport|Cancún]], [[Martinique Aimé Césaire International Airport|Fort-de-France]], [[Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport|Pointe-à-Pitre]], [[Punta Cana International Airport|Punta Cana]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Dzaoudzi Pamandzi International Airport|Dzaoudzi]],<ref>{{fr icon}}http://www.aeroport-mayotte.com/actus/XL-Airways-desservira-Paris-CDG/114/0</ref> [[McCarran International Airport|Las Vegas]], [[Miami International Airport|Miami]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.air-journal.fr/2013-02-24-xl-airways-lancera-un-juin-un-vol-vers-miami-567751.html |title=XL Airways lancera un juin un vol vers Miami | Air Journal |publisher=Air-journal.fr |date=24 February 2013 |accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Roland Garros Airport|Saint Denis Reunion]], [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]]| 2A

|[[XL Airways France]]|'''Seasonal:''' [[Ajaccio – Napoléon Bonaparte Airport|Ajaccio]], [[Bastia – Poretta Airport|Bastia]], [[Catania–Fontanarossa Airport|Catania]], [[Figari Sud-Corse Airport|Figari]], [[Palermo Airport|Palermo]] | 3
}}

===Cargo===
{{Airport-dest-list

| [[Air France|Air France Cargo]] | [[Houari Boumediene Airport|Algiers]], [[Ivato Airport|Antananarivo]], [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Bahrain International Airport|Bahrain]], [[Bamako–Sénou International Airport|Bamako]], [[Bangui M'Poko International Airport|Bangui]], [[Logan International Airport|Boston]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quickcalleronline.com/shipping_directories/air_regions/boston.htm|title=Boston Air Cargo Directory|accessdate=15 March 2013}}</ref> [[Maya-Maya Airport|Brazzaville]], [[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]], [[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]], [[Chicago–O'Hare]], [[King Fahd International Airport|Dammam]], [[Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport|Djibouti]], [[Douala International Airport|Douala]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]], [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], [[Glasgow Prestwick Airport|Glasgow–Prestwick]], [[Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport|Guadalajara]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[Tan Son Nhat International Airport|Ho Chi Minh City]], [[Houston–Intercontinental]], [[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]], [[Kuwait International Airport|Kuwait]], [[Mexico City International Airport|Mexico City]], [[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport|Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta]], [[N'Djamena International Airport|N'djamena]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Nouakchott International Airport|Nouakchott]], [[Ouagadougou Airport|Ouagadougou]], [[Pointe Noire Airport|Pointe-Noire]], [[Port Harcourt International Airport|Port Harcourt]], [[Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport|Porto]], [[Roland Garros Airport|Saint-Denis de la Réunion]], [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]], [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport|Shanghai–Pudong]], [[Tokyo–Narita]], [[Toronto–Pearson]], [[Tripoli International Airport|Tripoli]], [[Tunis–Carthage International Airport|Tunis]], [[Zaragoza Airport|Zaragoza]]

|[[Air France|Air France Cargo]] {{nowrap|operated by [[Martinair Cargo]]}} |[[Diori Hamani International Airport|Niamey]]

|[[Air France|Air France Cargo]] {{nowrap|operated by [[MNG Airlines]]}} | [[Atatürk International Airport|Istanbul–Atatürk]]

| {{nowrap|[[Cargo Garuda Indonesia]]}} | [[Soekarno-Hatta International Airport|Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta]]

| [[Cathay Pacific Cargo]] | [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[London–Heathrow]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Mumbai]]

| [[China Airlines Cargo]] | [[Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport|Taipei–Taoyuan]]

| [[China Cargo Airlines]] | [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport|Shanghai–Pudong]]

| [[DHL Aviation]] | [[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]], [[Leipzig/Halle Airport|Leipzig/Halle]]

| [[Europe Airpost]] | [[Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport|Bordeaux]], [[Brest Bretagne Airport|Brest]], [[Lorient South Brittany Airport|Lorient]], [[Tarbes–Lourdes–Pyrénées Airport|Lourdes]], [[Lyon–Saint Exupéry Airport|Lyon]], [[Nantes Atlantique Airport|Nantes]], [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|Nice]], [[Pau Pyrénées Airport|Pau]], [[Toulouse–Blagnac Airport|Toulouse]]

| [[FedEx Express]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]], [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[Indianapolis International Airport|Indianapolis]], [[Istanbul–Atatürk]], [[London Stansted Airport|London]], [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]], [[Memphis International Airport|Memphis]], [[Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[Stockholm–Arlanda]], [[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]]

| [[FedEx Feeder]] operated by [[Air Contractors]] | [[EuroAirport Basel–Mulhouse–Freiburg|Basel/Mulhouse]], [[Berlin–Schönefeld]], [[Birmingham Airport|Birmingham]], [[Brussels Airport|Brussels]], [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Cork Airport|Cork]], [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport|Gdansk]], [[Glasgow International Airport|Glasgow–International]], [[Katowice International Airport|Katowice]], [[London Stansted Airport|London–Stansted]], [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester (UK)]], [[Marseille Provence Airport|Marseille]], [[Shannon Airport|Shannon]]

| [[FedEx Feeder]] operated by [[Swiftair]] | [[Hannover Airport|Hanover]]

| [[Korean Air Cargo]] | [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]]

| [[MNG Airlines]] | [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Istanbul–Atatürk]], [[London–Luton]]<ref>[http://www.mngairlines.com/ENG/Services.aspx MNG Airlines Schedule]</ref>

| [[Swiftair]]| [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]]<ref>http://www.swiftair.com/servicios_en/rutas.html</ref>

| [[TMA Cargo]] | [[Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport|Beirut]], [[Tripoli International Airport|Tripoli]]<ref>[http://www.tma.com.lb/network.aspx TMA Cargo schedule destinations ]</ref>

| [[TNT Airways]] | [[Liège Airport|Liège]]

| [[Turkish Airlines Cargo]] | [[Istanbul–Atatürk]]

| [[UPS Airlines]] | [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Louisville International Airport|Louisville]]

| [[UPS Airlines]] {{nowrap|operated by [[Star Air (Maersk Air)|Star Air]]}} | [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]]
}}

==Ground transportation==
[[File:Cdgval val208 gareTGV 3.jpg|thumb|Terminal 2, CDGVAL station]]
[[File:CDG - CDGVAL - LISA - 12.JPG|thumb|Terminal 2E, LISA station]]
[[File:Gare Aéroport Charles-de-Gaulle 2 TGV.jpg|thumb|RER station of ''Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV'']]
[[File:Gare CDG 2.JPG|thumb|Train station of ''Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV'']]

===CDGVAL===
A free automatic shuttle rail service at Charles de Gaulle Airport consisting in two lines [[CDGVAL]] and LISA based on the [[Véhicule Automatique Léger|VAL]] system links the three airport terminals, RER and TGV stations and main car parks within 8 minutes.

===RER===
CDG airport is connected to Paris by the [[RER B]] suburban route (€9.75 in 2014). In off-peak hours and during the weekend, there are two types of services:
# 4 trains per hour to [[Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse (Paris RER)|Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse]] calling at all stations to [[Cité Universitaire (Paris RER)|Cité Universitaire]], then [[Bourg-la-Reine]], [[La Croix de Berny (Paris RER)|La Croix de Berny]], [[Antony (Paris RER)|Antony]], [[Massy–Palaiseau (Paris RER)|Massy–Palaiseau]] and then all stations to Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse; and
# 4 trains per hour to Massy–Palaiseau (on the Saint-Rémy line), express until [[Gare du Nord]] and then all stations to Massy–Palaiseau.
The fast services take about 30 minutes to the Gare du Nord, the stopping services about 35. There are two RER B stations inside the airport:
* one, called [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1 (Paris RER)|Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1]], is located inside Roissypôle (an area with hotels and company offices) next to Terminal 3 and is the preferred way to access Terminals 1 and 3;
* the other, called [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV]], is located beside the TGV station under Terminal 2.

RER B serves both CDG airport (with a travelling clientele) as well as northern suburbs of Paris. The line, operated by [[SNCF]], suffers from slowness and overcrowding. For these reasons, French authorities started two projects: one, [[CDG Express]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdgexpress.equipement.gouv.fr/ |title=CDG Express |publisher=Cdgexpress.equipement.gouv.fr |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref> is supposed to link CDG to Paris [[Gare de l'Est]] from 2016 with trains specifically designed for air travellers but seems to be delayed; the other, RER B Nord Plus,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernisation-rerb.com/ |title=RER B Nord Plus |publisher=Modernisation-rerb.com |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref> will modernise and streamline the northern branches of RER B.

===TGV===
Terminal 2 includes a [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV|TGV station]] on the [[LGV Interconnexion Est]] high-speed line. SNCF operates direct TGV services to several French stations from CDG, including [[Gare de Lille Europe|Lille]], [[Gare de Strasbourg|Strasbourg]], [[Dijon]], [[Gare de Lyon-Part-Dieu|Lyon]], [[Gare de Marseille Saint-Charles|Marseille]], [[Gare de Montpellier Saint-Roch|Montpellier]], [[Gare de Toulouse Matabiau|Toulouse]], [[Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean|Bordeaux]], [[Gare de Nantes|Nantes]], [[Gare de Poitiers|Poitiers]], [[Gare de Rennes|Rennes]], [[Gare de Toulon|Toulon]], as well as services to [[Brussels-South railway station|Brussels]] in Belgium.

===Bus===
Roissybus, operated by the [[Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens|RATP]], departs from terminals 1 and 2 and goes non-stop to Paris, terminating behind the [[Palais Garnier]].

[[Air France]] operates "Les Cars Air France" to several destinations: line 2 to [[Place de l'Etoile]] and [[Porte Maillot (Paris Métro)|Porte Maillot]], line 3 to [[Orly Airport|Paris Orly]], line 4 to [[Gare Montparnasse]], [[Paris-Gare de Lyon|Gare de Lyon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroportsdeparis.fr/ADP/en-GB/Passagers/Access-maps-car-parks/Paris-CDG/Access/public-transport/paris-cdg-car-air-france.htm |title=Paris–Charles de Gaulle Cars Air France – Aéroports de Paris |publisher=Aeroportsdeparis.fr |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref>

There is a bus and coach station in Roissypôle, next to the RER B station. Buses departing from this station include RATP lines 350 and 351 going to Paris and the bus going to the [[Parc Astérix]].

A Bus VEA Disneyland shuttle departs from the three Terminals.

After the last RER B of 23:50, the [[Noctilien]] night bus N143 and N140 departs every half-hour and hour respectively from terminal 1 door D12, terminal 2F door 2 and Roissypôle at [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1 (Paris RER)|Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1]].

===iDBus===
Since 17 December 2012, [[SNCF]]'s national and international coach network, [[IDBUS]], serves Charles de Gaulle Airport, by terminal 3, station CDG 1.

*London – Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport – Lyon
*Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport – Lyon
*Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport – Lille
*Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport – Brussels

===Car===
Charles de Gaulle Airport is directly connected to [[Autoroute A1 (France)|Autoroute A1]] which connects Paris and Lille.

===Car Rental===
* [[Avis Rent a Car System|Avis]]
* [[Budget Rent a Car]]
* [[Enterprise Rent-A-Car|Enterprise]]
* [[Europcar]]
* [[The Hertz Corporation|Hertz]]
* [[Sixt]]
* [[Firefly (car rental)|Firefly]]
* [[TT Car Transit]]

==Alternative airports==
The two other airports serving Paris are [[Orly Airport]] (the most important after CDG) and [[Le Bourget Airport]] (for [[general aviation]] and [[business jet|private jets]]). Some [[low-cost carrier|low-cost airlines]] also advertise [[Beauvais–Tillé Airport]] and [[Châlons Vatry Airport]], respectively 85 km and 165 km from Paris proper, as serving Paris, using the names ''Paris–Beauvais'' and ''Paris–Vatry'' to designate them.

==Incidents and accidents==
{{refimprove section|date=September 2011}}
* On 6 January 1993, [[Lufthansa Cityline Flight 5634|Lufthansa Flight 5634]] from [[Bremen]] to Paris, which was carried out under the [[Lufthansa CityLine]] brand using a Contact Air [[Bombardier Dash 8|Dash 8–300]] ([[aircraft registration|registered]] D-BEAT), hit the ground {{convert|1800|m|ft}} short of the runway of Charles de Gaulle Airport, resulting in the death of four out of the 23 passengers on board. The four crew members survived. The accident occurred after the pilot had to abort the [[final approach (aviation)|final approach]] to the airport because the runway had been closed: the aircraft immediately ahead, a [[Korean Air]] [[Boeing 747]], had suffered a blown tire upon landing.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930106-0 Lufthansa Flight 5634 at the Aviation safety Network]</ref>
* On 25 May 2000, a freight-carrying [[Short 360|Short SH36]] (operated as Streamline flight 200), departing to Luton, England, collided on the runway with departing [[Air Liberte]] flight 8807, an MD-83 jet. The first officer of the SH36 was killed when the wing tip of the MD-83 tore through his side of the flight deck. The captain was slightly injured and all others aboard survived.
* On 25 July 2000, a [[Concorde]], [[Air France Flight 4590]] from Charles de Gaulle to [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] in New York, crashed into Les Relais Bleus Hotel in [[Gonesse]], killing everyone on the aircraft and four people on the ground. Investigations concluded that a tire burst on take-off due to metal left on the runway from a previously departing aircraft, leading to a ruptured fuel tank and resulting in engine failure and other damage. Concorde was conducting a charter flight for a German tour company.

==Theft==
* In December 2006, 20 baggage handlers were found guilty of theft.<ref name="French Property">{{cite news|url=http://www.french-property.com/news/travel_france/paris-airport-theft/|title=Organised Baggage Theft at Paris Airport|publisher=French Property|date=1 October 2007|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>
* In 2007, 19 baggage handlers were found guilty of theft.<ref name="French Property"/>
* In September 2008, 12 baggage handlers were arrested on suspicion of stealing goods from luggages worth 450,000 euros.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/106/article_1741.asp|title=Baggage-handlers at Paris airport arrested for 450m euro thefts|publisher=RFI|date=1 October 2008|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>
* In February 2011, 20 baggage handlers were arrested on suspicion of stealing from the luggage of passengers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/local_news/20-paris-airport-baggage-handlers-arrested_128547.html|title=20 Paris airport baggage handlers arrested|publisher=Expacitca|date=8 February 2011|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>
* In November 2012, 11 baggage handlers and 2 maintenance workers were arrested for stealing valuable items from luggage.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/baggage-handlers-detained-over-thefts-at-paris-airport-298485|title=Baggage handlers detained over thefts at Paris airport|publisher=NDTV|date=28 November 2012|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>

==Mehran Karimi Nasseri==
On 26 August 1988, [[Mehran Karimi Nasseri]] found himself held at Charles de Gaulle airport by immigration. He claimed he was a refugee, but had had his refugee papers stolen. After years of bureaucratic wrangling, it was concluded that Nasseri had entered the airport legally and could not be expelled from its walls, but since he had no papers, there was no country to deport him to, leaving him in [[statelessness|residential limbo]]. Nasseri continued to live within the confines of the airport until 2006, even though French authorities had since made it possible for him to leave if he so wished.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/travel/airline/airport.htm|title=Between 1988 and 2006, a man lived at a Paris airport.|date=2 July 2008|publisher=Snopes.com|accessdate=7 September 2008}}</ref> Nasseri was perhaps the inspiration for the 2004 film ''[[The Terminal]]''. In July 2006 he was hospitalised and later taken care of by charities; he did not return to the airport.

==Photography restrictions==
On 7 November 2005, [[Prefect (France)|prefectoral]] decision 05-4979 was issued, relating specifically to Charles de Gaulle airport. The article 32-5 prohibits photographs being taken for private use of anything moving (e.g. aircraft) or not moving (e.g. buildings) within the "zone reservée" (the restricted area) from the "zone publique" (the public area).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jplemaire.free.fr/af001/ARRETE_POLICE_CDG_05_4979.pdf |title=Sommaire Arrete De Police Cdg |format=PDF |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref>

==Animals==
The grassy lands on which the airport is located are notorious for rabbits and [[hare]]s, which can be seen by passengers at certain times of the day. The airport organises periodic hunts and captures to keep the population to manageable levels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alsapresse.com/jdj/97/10/01/IGF/1/article_2.html|title=Journal L'Alsace / Le Pays|publisher=Alsapresse.com|accessdate=7 September 2008}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Paris|Aviation}}
* [[Transportation in France]]
* [[List of airports in France]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat-inline|Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport}}
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
;General
* [http://www.aeroportsdeparis.fr/ADP/en-gb/passagers/home/ Aéroports de Paris] (official website) {{en icon}}
* [http://www.aeroport.fr/les-aeroports-de-l-uaf/paris-charles-de-gaulle.php Aéroport de Paris Charles de Gaulle] (Union des Aéroports Français) {{fr icon}}
* {{ASN|CDG}}

;Collapse of Terminal 2E
* [http://www.equipement.gouv.fr/article.php3?id_article=710 Official report of the administrative enquiry commission] {{fr icon}}
* [http://www.kirikou.com/tuttifrutti/cdg2e/cdg2e.htm Photos of Terminal 2E before and after the collapse and during reconstruction]


{{Paris}}
{{Airports in France|state=collapsed}}
{{FedEx}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Charles De Gaulle Airport}}
[[Category:Airports established in 1974]]
[[Category:Charles de Gaulle]]
[[Category:Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport|*]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Airports in the Paris region]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Val-d'Oise]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Seine-Saint-Denis]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Seine-et-Marne]]
[[Category:Air France–KLM]]

Charles de Gaulle Airport

2014-06-26T09:27:03Z

Fuzzy6988: Added clearer map of airport

{{redirect|Paris International Airport|the second commercial airport serving the city|Orly Airport}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
| nativename = {{smaller|''Aéroport Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle''}}
| nativename-r = Roissy Airport
| image = Aeroports de Paris logo.svg
| image-width = 160
| image2 = Aeroport de Roissy.JPG
| image2-width = 250
| IATA = CDG
| ICAO = LFPG
| type = Public
| owner-oper = [[Aéroports de Paris]]
| city-served = Paris, France
| location = {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} NE of Paris
| hub =
<div>
* [[Air France]]
* [[Delta Air Lines]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.delta.com/index.php?s=18&cat=47 |title=Delta Air Lines Newsroom – Press Kit |publisher=News.delta.com |date=7 January 2010|accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref>
* [[FedEx Express]]
* [[XL Airways France]]
</div>
|focus_city =
<div>
* [[Air Méditerranée]]
* [[EasyJet]]
* [[Europe Airpost]]
| elevation-f = 392
| elevation-m = 119
| website = [http://www.aeroportsdeparis.fr/ADP/en-gb/passagers/home/ aeroportsdeparis.fr]
| latd = 49 | latm = 00 | lats = 35 | latNS = N
| longd= 002 | longm= 32 | longs= 52 | longEW= E
| coordinates_region = FR-J
| image_map = Île-de-France in France.svg
| image_map_caption = Location of [[Île-de-France]] region in France
| pushpin_map = France Île-de-France
| pushpin_label = CDG
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Île-de-France
| metric-rwy = Y
| r1-number = 08L/26R
| r1-length-m = 4,215
| r1-length-f = 13,829
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt]]
| r2-number = 08R/26L
| r2-length-m = 2,700
| r2-length-f = 8,858
| r2-surface = Concrete
| r3-number = 09L/27R
| r3-length-m = 2,700
| r3-length-f = 8,858
| r3-surface = Asphalt
| r4-number = 09R/27L
| r4-length-m = 4,200
| r4-length-f = 13,780
| r4-surface = Asphalt
| stat-year = 2013
| stat1-header = Aircraft movements
| stat1-data = 497,763
| stat2-header = Passengers
| stat2-data = 62,052,917
| stat3-header = Economic impact
| stat3-data = {{nowrap|$29.0 billion<ref name=CDG_ESI>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecquants.com/2012_CDG.aspx |title=Paris Charles de Gaulle airport – Economic and social impact |publisher=Ecquants |accessdate=7 September 2013}}</ref>}}
| stat4-header = Social impact
| stat4-data = {{nowrap|250.8 thousand<ref name=CDG_ESI/>}}
| footnotes = Sources: [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] France,<ref name="AIP"/> [[Airports Council International|ACI]]<ref name="ACIMOVE">[http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-57_666_2__ Traffic Movements 2010 Final] from [[Airports Council International]]</ref><ref name="ACIPAX">[http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-55_666_2__ Passenger Traffic 2010 Final] from [[Airports Council International]]</ref>
}}

'''Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|Aéroport de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle}}, {{Airport codes|CDG|LFPG|p=n}}), also known as '''Roissy Airport''' (or just ''Roissy'' in French), is one of the world's principal aviation centres, as well as France's largest airport. It is named after [[Charles de Gaulle]] (1890–1970), leader of the [[Free French Forces]] and founder of the [[French Fifth Republic]], as well as the [[President of France]] from 1959 to 1969. The airport is located within portions of several [[Communes of France|communes]], {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="AIP">{{AIP_FR|LFPG|name=PARIS CHARLES DE GAULLE}}</ref> to the northeast of Paris. The airport serves as the principal [[airline hub|hub]] for [[Air France]].

In 2013, the airport handled 62,052,917 passengers and 497,763 aircraft movements,<ref name="pax">{{cite web
|url=http://www.aeroport.fr/les-aeroports-de-l-uaf/stats-paris-charles-de-gaulle.php
|title=Statistiques annuelles
|publisher=Union des aéroports Français
|accessdate=24 February 2012}}</ref> making it the [[World's busiest airports by passenger traffic|world's eighth busiest airport]] and Europe's second busiest airport (after [[London Heathrow Airport|London Heathrow]]) in passengers served. It also is the [[World's busiest airports by traffic movements|world's tenth busiest]] and [[Busiest airports in Europe|Europe's busiest airport]] in aircraft movement. In cargo traffic, the airport is the [[World's busiest airports by cargo traffic|eighth busiest in the world]] and the busiest in Europe, having handled
2,150,950 metric tonnes of cargo in 2012.<ref name="pax"/>
On 1 March 2011, [[Franck Goldnadel]] was appointed as the director of the airport.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.whoswho.fr/bio/franck-goldnadel_66745 Franck Goldnadel]</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} [http://ww.mespages.fr/top-9/5207233/ADP-Franck-Goldnadel-nomme-directeur-de-Paris-CDG.html ADP : Franck Goldnadel nommé directeur de Paris CDG]</ref>

==Location==
Paris Charles de Gaulle airport covers {{convert|32.38|km2|sqmi}} of land. The choice of this vast area was made based on the limited number of potential relocations and expropriations and the possibility to further expand the airport in the future. It straddles three ''[[Departments of France|départements]]'' and six communes:
* [[Seine-et-Marne]] ''département'': communes of [[Le Mesnil-Amelot]] (Terminals 2E, 2F ), [[Mauregard]] (Terminals 1, 3), [[Mitry-Mory]]<ref name="BEArep">"[http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1993/d-at930106p/pdf/d-at930106p.pdf le 5 janvier 1993 Rapport preliminaire relatif à l'accident survenu sur l'aéroport de Roissy-Charles de Gaulle]." [[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile]]. 26/34. Retrieved on 14 July 2010.</ref>
* [[Seine-Saint-Denis]] ''département'': commune of [[Tremblay-en-France]] (Terminals 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, and Roissypôle)<ref name="BEArep"/>
* [[Val-d'Oise]] ''département'': communes of [[Roissy-en-France]] and [[Épiais-lès-Louvres]]

Management of the airport is solely under the authority of ''[[Aéroports de Paris]]'' (ADP), which also manages [[Orly Airport|Orly]], [[Paris – Le Bourget Airport|Le Bourget]], [[Marsa Alam International Airport|Marsa Alam]] in Egypt, and several smaller airports in the suburbs of Paris.

==History==
The planning and construction phase of what was known then as ''Aéroport de Paris Nord'' (Paris North Airport) began in 1966. On 8 March 1974 the airport, renamed Charles de Gaulle Airport, opened. Terminal 1 was built in an [[avant-garde]] design of a ten-floors-high circular building surrounded by seven satellite buildings, each with six gates. The main architect was [[Paul Andreu]], who was also in charge of the extensions during the following decades.

===Corporate identity===
The [[Frutiger|Frutiger typeface]] was commissioned for use in the airport and implemented on signs throughout the building in 1975. Initially called ''Roissy'', it was renamed for its designer [[Adrian Frutiger]].

Until 2005, every [[public address|PA announcement]] made at Terminal 1 was preceded by a distinctive chime, nicknamed "Indicatif Roissy" and composed by [[Bernard Parmegiani]] in 1971. The chime can be heard in the [[Roman Polanski]] film ''[[Frantic (film)|Frantic]]''. Although the chime was officially replaced by the "Indicatif ADP" chime in late 2005 there recently have been unconfirmed reports that Indicatif Roissy has occasionally returned.

==Terminals==
[[File:Terminal 1 of CDG Airport.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Terminal 1]]
[[File:McDonnell Douglas MD-11, Garuda Indonesia AN0626449.jpg|thumb|A Garuda Indonesia [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]] taxiing at Terminal 1 [[Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport]], France in 1994]]
[[File:CDG-aerialview.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Terminal 2]]

[[File:Display Screen At A Paris Airport.jpg|thumb|Terminal 2, Display Screen]]

[[:File:CDG-Airport-Map.jpg]]

The Airport has three terminals. Terminal 1<ref>Terminal 1 {{Coord|49|00|50.34|N|002|32|30.66|E|type:landmark_region:FR|display=inline|name=Terminal 1, Charles de Gaulle Airport}}</ref> is the oldest. Terminal 2<ref>Terminal 2 {{Coord|49|00|15.81|N|002|34|36.56|E|type:landmark_region:FR|display=inline|name=Terminal 2, Charles de Gaulle Airport}}</ref> was originally built exclusively for [[Air France]], since then it has been expanded significantly and now also hosts other airlines. The third terminal (T3, formerly T9) hosts charter and low-cost airlines. The '''[[CDGVAL]]''' is a light-rail shuttle that links the terminals, railway station and parking lots. Started on 4 April 2007, the CDGVAL links all three terminals (except hall 2G). There is only a single station for Terminal 2, near the rail station, so the walk distance to the more distant halls 2A–2B is more than {{convert|500|m|abbr=on}} (and both CDGVAL and bus are needed to reach 2G from Terminal 1).

===Terminal 1===

The first terminal, designed by Paul Andreu, was built in the image of an octopus. It consists of a circular central part housing central functions like check-in and baggage claim. Seven satellites which are connected to the central building by underground walkways contain the gates.

The central building, with a vast skylight in its centre, sees each floor dedicated to a single function. The first floor is reserved for technical functions and is not accessible to the public. The second floor contains shops and restaurants, the CDGVAL shuttle platforms and a part of the counters from a recent renovation. The majority of check-in counters are located on the third floor, which also has access to travel by taxi, bus and special vehicles. Departing travellers can reach the fourth floor, which contains duty-free stores and border control posts, and connects, by tunnels passing under the tarmac, to satellite terminals where the boarding gates are located. Travellers arriving in these same satellites follow a path to reach the fifth floor where baggage claim and customs are located, as well as the arrival area and exit areas. The four upper floors are reserved for parking or use of administration and the airlines.

The passage between the third, fourth and fifth floors is done through a tangle of escalators arranged in the centre of the building. These escalators are suspended over the central court. Each escalator is covered with a transparent tube for cover from the weather. These escalators were often used in films (for example, in ''The Last Gang of Ariel Zeitoun''). The [[Alan Parsons Project]] album ''[[I Robot (album)|I Robot]]'' features these escalators on its cover.

Andreu initially had envisaged building several terminals on this model. Nevertheless, the first years of operation identified several defects due to the original design of the building. While adequate for journeys originating or ending in Paris, the terminal is not very suitable as a hub since it cannot be expanded. Many passengers have been disappointed to have no view of planes from the main terminal, in contrast to the situation at the airport of Orly. It thus paved the way for a more traditional design for future terminals at CDG.

===Terminal 2===
This consists of seven terminals: '''2A''', '''2B''', '''2C''', '''2D''', '''2E''', '''2F''', and, at a distance of {{convert|800|m|mi|1|abbr=on}}, '''2G'''. The first six are joined by ground-level or below-ground passageways. K, L and M are not terminals but halls of terminal 2E, adding confusion for passengers. Terminal 2G is only reachable by a bus service from the other terminals. Terminal 2 has an RER and [[TGV]] station, [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 – TGV]], below the common area linking halls 2C–2F.

====Collapse of Terminal 2E====
Terminal 2E, with a daring design and wide open spaces, was CDG's newest addition. On 23 May 2004, not long after its inauguration, a portion of Terminal 2E's ceiling collapsed early in the day, near [[Gate (airport)|Gate]] E50, killing four people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3743081.stm|title='Fresh cracks' at Paris airport|publisher=BBC News |date=24 May 2004}}</ref> Two of the dead were reported to be Chinese citizens and another a Czech. Three other people were injured in the collapse. Terminal 2E had been inaugurated in 2003 after some delays in construction and was designed by [[Paul Andreu]]. Administrative and judicial enquiries were started. Andreu also designed Terminal 3 at [[Dubai International Airport]], which collapsed while under construction on 28 September 2004.

Before this accident, ADP had been planning for an [[initial public offering]] in 2005 with the new terminal as a major attraction for investors. The partial collapse and indefinite closing of the terminal just before the beginning of summer seriously hurt the airport's business plan.

In February 2005, the results from the administrative inquiry were published. The experts pointed out that there was no single fault, but rather a number of causes for the collapse, in a design that had little margin for safety. The inquiry found the concrete [[Vault (architecture)|vaulted roof]] was not resilient enough and had been pierced by metallic pillars and some openings weakened the structure. Sources close to the inquiry also disclosed that the whole building chain had worked as close to the limits as possible, so as to reduce costs. Paul Andreu denounced the building companies for having not correctly prepared the [[reinforced concrete]].

On 17 March 2005, ADP decided to tear down and rebuild the whole part of Terminal 2E (the "jetty") of which a section had collapsed, at a cost of approximately €100 million.<ref>[http://news.tf1.fr/news/france/0,,3208103,00.html Infos en direct et en vidéo, l'actualité en temps réel – tf1.fr]{{Dead link|date=September 2008}}</ref> The reconstruction replaced the innovative concrete tube style of the jetty with a more traditional steel and glass structure. During reconstruction, two temporary departure lounges were constructed in the vicinity of the terminal that replicated the capacity of 2E before the collapse. The terminal reopened completely on 30 March 2008.

====Terminal 2G====
Terminal 2G, dedicated to regional Air France flights and its affiliates, opened in 2008. This terminal is to the east of all terminals and can only be reached by shuttle bus. Terminal 2G is used for passengers flying in the [[Schengen Area]] (and thus has no passport control) and handles Air France regional and European traffic and provides small-capacity planes (up to 150 passengers) with a faster turnaround time than is currently possible by enabling them to park close to the new terminal building and boarding passengers primarily by bus, or walking. Its bus connection is outside the security area and a security check is needed also for transfer passengers. At least 20 minutes must be planned as time when getting from another terminal to the 2G departure area.

====Hall L (Satellite 3)====
The completion of {{convert|750|m|abbr=on}} long Satellite 3 (or S3) to the immediate east of Terminals 2E and 2F provides further [[Jet bridge|jetways]] for large-capacity airliners, specifically the [[Airbus A380]]. Check-in and [[Baggage handling system|baggage handling]] are provided by the existing infrastructure in Terminals 2E and 2F. Satellite 3 was opened in part on 27 June 2007 and fully operational in September 2007. It corresponds now to gates L of terminal 2E.

====Hall M (Satellite 4)====
The satellite S4, adjacent to the S3 and part of terminal 2E, officially opened on 28 June 2012. It corresponds now to gates M of terminal 2E. Dedicated to long-haul flights, it has the ability to handle 16 aircraft at the same time, with an expected capacity of 7.8 million passengers per year. Its opening has led to the relocation of all Skyteam airlines to terminals 2E (for international carriers), 2F (for Schengen European carriers), and 2G.

====Future====
Air France has moved all of its operations previously located at 2C to 2E. In October 2012, 2F closed its international operations and became completely Schengen, allowing for all Air France flights currently operating in 2D to relocate to terminal 2F. Further, in April 2013, Terminal 2B closed for a complete renovation (all airlines relocated to 2D), and will receive upgrades including the addition of a second floor completely dedicated to arrivals. Once 2B is completed, 2D will close and receive similar upgrades, including the addition of a new floor. Low-cost carrier EasyJet has shown its interest in being the sole carrier at 2B.<ref name="S4_ADP">{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroportsdeparis.fr/ADP/Resources/90cfb7fb-0d8f-4b33-ba12-48433680b4c8-DPFutursatellite4delaeroportParisCharlesdeGaulle.pdf |title=Le future satellite 4 de l'aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle |format=PDF |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref> To facilitate connections, a new boarding area between 2A and 2C was opened in March 2012. It allows for all security and passport control to be handled in a single area, allows for many new shopping opportunities as well as new airline lounges, and eases transfer restrictions between 2A and 2C.

===Terminal 3===
Terminal 3 consists of separate buildings for both arrivals and departures. It is located {{convert|1|km|abbr=on}} from Terminal 1, but the walking path is {{convert|3|km|abbr=on}} long. The RER and CDGVAL trains are at a distance of {{convert|300|m|abbr=on}} on foot. This terminal building has no direct boarding gates, all passengers are ferried via buses to the aircraft stands.

==Roissypôle==
Roissypôle is a complex consisting of office buildings, shopping areas, and hotels within Charles de Gaulle Airport. The complex includes the head office of Air France,<ref name="GEMO">"[http://www.gemo-paris.com/eng/pdf/New_Fiche_AF_HQ_Eng.pdf AIR FRANCE HEAD QUARTERS – ROISSYPOLE]." Groupement d'Etudes et de Méthodes d'Ordonnancement (GEMO). Retrieved on 20 September 2009.</ref> [[Continental Square]],<ref>"[http://www.seifert.co.uk/images%5Croisspoll.pdf Continental Square]." Seifert Architects. Retrieved on 21 June 2010.</ref> the [[Hilton Hotels|Hilton]] Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport,<ref>"[http://www1.hilton.com/en_US/hi/hotel/CDGHITW-Hilton-Paris-Charles-De-Gaulle-Airport/index.do Hilton Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport]." [[Hilton Hotels]]. Retrieved on 21 June 2010.</ref> and le Dôme building. Le Dôme includes the head office of Air France Consulting, an Air France subsidiary.<ref>"[http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/the-airline/subsidiaries/air-france-consulting/ Air France Consulting]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}." Air France. Retrieved on 21 June 2010.</ref> Continental Square has the head office of [[XL Airways France]],<ref>"[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=10175763 XL Airways France]." ''[[BusinessWeek]]''. Retrieved on 17 July 2010.</ref> the head office of Air France subsidiary [[Servair]]<ref>"[http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/the-airline/subsidiaries/servair/ Servair]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}." Air France. Retrieved on 21 June 2010.</ref> and the Air France Vaccinations Centre.<ref>"[http://www.airfrance.com/UA/en/common/guidevoyageur/bienetre_sante/bienetre_sante_vaccinations.htm Prevention and Vaccinations]." Air France. Retrieved on 19 June 2010.</ref>

==Airlines and destinations==

===Passenger===
[[File:Avions 2F.jpg|thumb|right|[[Air France]] aircraft on stands at Terminal 2F at Charles de Gaulle Airport.]]
[[File:B777 leaving ramp 1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Air France]] [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200/ER]] taxiing at Charles de Gaulle Airport.]]
[[File:EVA Air Boeing 747-400 Bidini.jpg|thumb|right|[[EVA Airways]] [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-400]] taxiing at Charles de Gaulle Airport.]]
[[File:Push Back KLM.jpg|thumb|right|[[KLM]] [[Boeing 737 Next Generation|Boeing 737-700]] Push-back at Charles de Gaulle Airport.]]
{{Airport-dest-list
|3rdcoltitle = Terminal / Hall

|[[Adria Airways]]|[[Ljubljana Airport|Ljubljana]] | 1

|[[Aegean Airlines]]|[[Athens International Airport|Athens]] '''Seasonal''': [[Kalamata International Airport|Kalamata]],<ref>http://airlineroute.net/2013/10/02/a3-s14update2/</ref> [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Rhodes International Airport|Rhodes]], [[Thessaloniki International Airport|Thessaloniki]] | 1

|[[Aer Lingus]]| [[Cork Airport|Cork]], [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]] | 1

|[[Aeroflot]]|[[Moscow–Sheremetyevo]] | 2C

|[[Aeroflot]] operated by [[Rossiya (airline)|Rossiya]]|[[Pulkovo Airport|Saint Petersburg]] | 2C

|[[Aeroméxico]]|[[Mexico City International Airport|Mexico City]] | 2E

|[[Aigle Azur]]|[[Houari Boumediene Airport|Algiers]] '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]]| 2D

|[[Air Algérie]]|[[Houari Boumediene Airport|Algiers]], [[Mohamed Boudiaf International Airport|Constantine]], [[Oran Es Sénia Airport|Oran]] | 2C

|[[Air Armenia]]|[[Zvartnots International Airport|Yerevan]]<ref name=AirArmeniaSche>{{cite web|title=Schedule|url=http://www.air.am/en/schedule/7/|publisher=Air Armenia CJSC|accessdate=14 February 2014}}</ref> | 2E

|[[Air Austral]]|[[Roland Garros Airport|Saint-Denis de la Réunion]] | 2C

|[[Air Cairo]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Hurghada Airport|Hurghada]], [[Luxor Airport|Luxor]], [[Marsa Alam Airport|Marsa Alam]] | 3

|[[Air Canada]]|[[Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport|Montréal–Trudeau]], [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto–Pearson]] | 2A

|[[Air China]]|[[Beijing–Capital]], [[Shanghai–Pudong]] | 1

|[[Air Europa]]|[[Málaga Airport|Málaga]], [[Valencia Airport|Valencia]] | 2F

|[[Air France]]|[[Port Bouet Airport|Abidjan]], [[Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport|Abuja]], [[Houari Boumediene Airport|Algiers]], [[Queen Alia International Airport|Amman–Queen Alia]], [[Ivato Airport|Antananarivo]], [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Bamako–Sénou International Airport|Bamako]], [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]], [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore]], [[Bangui M'Poko International Airport|Bangui]], [[Beijing Capital International Airport|Beijing–Capital]], [[Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport|Beirut]], [[Birmingham Airport|Birmingham]], [[El Dorado International Airport|Bogotá]], [[Logan International Airport|Boston]], [[Brasilia International Airport|Brasilia]],<ref>http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/press/news/article/item/air-france-klm-expands-in-brazil-1/</ref> [[Maya-Maya Airport|Brazzaville]], [[Henri Coandă International Airport|Bucharest]], [[Ministro Pistarini International Airport|Buenos Aires–Ezeiza]], [[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]], [[Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)|Caracas]], [[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]], [[Conakry International Airport|Conakry]], [[Cadjehoun Airport|Cotonou]], [[Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport|Dakar]], [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport|Detroit]], [[Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport|Djibouti]], [[Douala International Airport|Douala]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai-International]], [[Lungi International Airport|Freetown]], [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou]], [[José Martí International Airport|Havana]], [[Tan Son Nhat International Airport|Ho Chi Minh City]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[George Bush Intercontinental Airport|Houston–Intercontinental]], [[Atatürk International Airport|Istanbul–Atatürk]], [[Soekarno-Hatta International Airport|Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta]] (resumes 9 July 2014),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airlineroute.net/2014/05/18/af-cgk-jul14update2/|title=AIRFRANCE Delays Jakarta Resumptions to mid-July 2014 |publisher=Airline Route|date=18 May 2014| accessdate=18 May 2014}}</ref> [[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]], [[OR Tambo International Airport|Johannesburg–OR Tambo]], [[Boryspil International Airport|Kiev–Boryspil]], [[N'djili Airport|Kinshasa–N'djili]], [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur]], [[Murtala Muhammed International Airport|Lagos]], [[Libreville International Airport|Libreville]], [[Jorge Chávez International Airport|Lima]], [[Lomé–Tokoin Airport|Lomé]], [[Heathrow Airport|London–Heathrow]], [[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]], [[Quatro de Fevereiro Airport|Luanda]], [[Malabo International Airport|Malabo]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]], [[Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport|Mauritius]], [[Mexico City International Airport|Mexico City]], [[Miami International Airport|Miami]], [[Roberts International Airport|Monrovia]], [[Carrasco International Airport|Montevideo]], [[Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport|Montréal–Trudeau]], [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Mumbai]], [[N'Djamena International Airport|N'djamena]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Diori Hamani International Airport|Niamey]], [[Nouakchott International Airport|Nouakchott]], [[Kansai International Airport|Osaka–Kansai]], [[Ouagadougou Airport|Ouagadougou]], [[Tocumen International Airport|Panama City]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/press/news/article/item/this-winter-fly-off-to-panama-with-air-france-1/ |title=This winter, fly off to Panama with Air France! : Air France – Corporate |publisher=Corporate.airfrance.com |date=20 June 2013 |accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> [[Faa'a International Airport|Papeete]], [[Pointe Noire Airport|Pointe-Noire]], [[Port Harcourt International Airport|Port Harcourt]], [[Punta Cana International Airport|Punta Cana]], [[Rabat–Salé Airport|Rabat]], [[Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport|Rio de Janeiro–Galeão]], [[King Khalid International Airport|Riyadh]], [[Princess Juliana International Airport|St Maarten]], [[Pulkovo Airport|Saint Petersburg]], [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]], [[Las Américas International Airport|Santo Domingo–Las Américas]], [[Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport|Santiago de Chile]], [[São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport|São Paulo–Guarulhos]], [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]], [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport|Shanghai–Pudong]], [[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore]], [[Sofia Airport|Sofia]], [[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]], [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo-Haneda]],<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/press/news/article/item/haneda-the-new-airport-in-tokyo-served-by-air-france-1/|title=Haneda, the new airport in Tokyo served by Air France|publisher=[[Air France]]|date=10 December 2013|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> [[Narita International Airport|Tokyo-Narita]], [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto–Pearson]], [[Tunis–Carthage International Airport|Tunis]], [[Washington Dulles International Airport|Washington–Dulles]], [[Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport|Yaoundé]], [[Wuhan Tianhe International Airport|Wuhan]],<ref>[http://www.changjiangtimes.com/2013/11/462364.html Wuhan-Paris line will continue after 29 March 2014]</ref> [[Zvartnots International Airport|Yerevan]] '''Seasonal''': [[Cancún International Airport|Cancún]], [[Cayenne – Rochambeau Airport|Cayenne]], [[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Cape Town International Airport|Cape Town]], [[Minneapolis−Saint Paul International Airport|Minneapolis/St. Paul]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/press/news/article/item/fly-off-to-minneapolis-stpaul-and-kuala-lumpur-with-air-france-next-summer/ |title=Fly off to Minneapolis-St.Paul and Kuala Lumpur with Air France next summer : Air France – Corporate |publisher=Corporate.airfrance.com |date=23 October 2012 |accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> | 2E

|[[Air France]]|[[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[Athens International Airport|Athens]], [[Barcelona El Prat Airport|Barcelona]], [[Berlin Tegel Airport|Berlin–Tegel]], [[Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport|Bologna]] (begins 26 October 2014), [[Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport|Bordeaux]], [[Brest Bretagne Airport|Brest]], [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Düsseldorf International Airport|Düsseldorf]], [[Florence Airport, Peretola|Florence]], [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Geneva International Airport|Geneva]], [[Hamburg Airport|Hamburg]], [[Lisbon Portela Airport|Lisbon]], [[Lyon–Saint Exupéry Airport|Lyon]], [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]], [[Marseille Provence Airport|Marseille]], [[Linate Airport|Milan–Linate]], [[Montpellier – Méditerranée Airport|Montpellier]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]], [[Nantes Atlantique Airport|Nantes]], [[Naples Airport|Naples]], [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|Nice]], [[Prague Ruzyně Airport|Prague]], [[Rome–Fiumicino]], [[Stockholm–Arlanda]], [[Toulouse–Blagnac Airport|Toulouse]], [[Turin Caselle Airport|Turin]], [[Venice Marco Polo Airport|Venice–Marco Polo]], [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]], [[Warsaw Chopin Airport|Warsaw–Chopin]], [[Zurich Airport|Zurich]] | 2F

|[[Air France]] operated by [[CityJet]]|[[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], [[Edinburgh Airport|Edinburgh]], [[Newcastle Airport|Newcastle upon Tyne]] | 2E

|[[Air France]] operated by [[CityJet]]| [[Hannover–Langenhagen Airport|Hannover]], [[Stuttgart Airport|Stuttgart]], [[Turin Caselle Airport|Turin]] | 2G

|Air France operated by [[HOP!]]| [[Aberdeen Airport|Aberdeen]], [[Zagreb Airport|Zagreb]] | 2E

|[[Air France]] operated by [[HOP!]]|[[EuroAirport Basel–Mulhouse–Freiburg|Basel/Mulhouse]], [[Bilbao Airport|Bilbao]], [[Billund Airport|Billund]], [[Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport|Bologna]] (ends 25 October 2014), [[Bremen Airport|Bremen]], [[Brest Bretagne Airport|Brest]], [[Clermont-Ferrand Auvergne Airport|Clermont-Ferrand]], [[Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport|Genoa]], [[Gothenburg–Landvetter]], [[Hannover–Langenhagen Airport|Hanover]], [[Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport|Ljubljana]], [[Nuremberg Airport|Nuremberg]], [[Oslo–Gardermoen]], [[Pau Pyrénées Airport|Pau]], [[Rennes – Saint-Jacques Airport|Rennes]], [[Stavanger Airport|Stavanger-Sola]], [[Turin Caselle Airport|Turin]], [[Verona Airport|Verona]], [[Vigo–Peinador Airport|Vigo]] | 2G

|[[Air India]]|[[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]] | 2C

|[[Air Lituanica]]| [[Vilnius Airport|Vilnius]]<ref>http://www.airlituanica.com/en/about-us/news/new-flight-to-paris/</ref> | 1

|[[Air Madagascar]]|[[Ivato Airport|Antananarivo]] | 2C

|[[Air Malta]]|[[Malta International Airport|Malta]] | 2D

|[[Air Mauritius]]|[[Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport|Mauritius]] | 2E

|[[Air Méditerranée]]|[[Agadir–Al Massira Airport|Agadir]], [[Houari Boumediene Airport|Algiers]], [[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]], [[Chlef International Airport|Chlef]], [[Djerba–Zarzis International Airport|Djerba]], [[Ovda Airport|Eilat–Ovda]], [[Fuerteventura Airport|Fuerteventura]], [[Oran Es Sénia Airport|Oran]], [[Angads Airport|Oujda]], [[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Ibiza Airport|Ibiza]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]], [[Paphos International Airport|Paphos]], [[Split Airport|Split]] '''Seasonal charter''': [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]], [[Athens International Airport|Athens]], [[Chania Airport|Chania]], [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]], [[Milas–Bodrum Airport|Bodrum]], [[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]], [[Jerez Airport|Jerez de la Frontera]], [[Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport|Olbia]], [[Pula Airport|Pula]] | 3

|[[Air One]]|[[Catania-Fontanarossa Airport|Catania]],<ref name="Air One">[https://flyairone.com/IT-IT/gestisci-viaggio/orario-voli/Default.aspx Air One begins Catania, Palermo and Verona-Paris routes]</ref> [[Falcone–Borsellino Airport|Palermo]],<ref name="Air One"/> [[Verona Villafranca Airport|Verona]] | 3

|[[Air Serbia]]|[[Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport|Belgrade]] | 2D

|[[Air Seychelles]]|[[Abu Dhabi International Airport|Abu Dhabi]] (begins 2 July 2014),<ref name="Air Seychelles">{{cite web|url=http://airlineroute.net/2014/05/14/hm-cdg-jul14/|title=Air Seychelles to Resume Paris Service from July 2014|publisher=Airline Route|date=15 May 2014|accessdate=15 May 2014}}</ref> [[Seychelles International Airport|Mahé]] (resumes 2 July 2014)<ref name="Air Seychelles"/> | TBD

|[[Air Tahiti Nui]]|[[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]], [[Faa'a International Airport|Papeete]] | 2A

|[[Air Transat]]|[[Montreal–Trudeau]], [[Toronto–Pearson]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]], [[Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport|Québec City]], [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]] | 3

|[[airBaltic]]|[[Riga International Airport|Riga]] |2D

|[[Alitalia]]|[[Linate Airport|Milan–Linate]], [[Rome–Fiumicino]] | 2F

|[[All Nippon Airways]]|[[Tokyo-Haneda]],<ref>http://www.ana.co.jp/eng/aboutana/press/2013/131209.html</ref> [[Tokyo–Narita]] | 1

|[[American Airlines]]|[[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport|Dallas/Fort Worth]], [[Miami International Airport|Miami]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Logan International Airport|Boston]] | 2C

|[[Arkia Israel Airlines]]|[[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Ovda Airport|Eilat–Ovda]] | 3

|[[Asiana Airlines]] |[[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]] | 1

|[[Austrian Airlines]] operated by [[Tyrolean Airways]] |[[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]] | 2D

|[[Azerbaijan Airlines]]|[[Heydar Aliyev International Airport|Baku]] | 2D

|[[Belavia]]|[[Minsk International Airport|Minsk-National]] | 2D

|[[Blue Islands]]|[[Jersey Airport|Jersey]] | 1

|[[British Airways]]|[[Heathrow Airport|London–Heathrow]] | 2A

|[[Brussels Airlines]]|[[Brussels Airport|Brussels]] | 1

|[[Bulgaria Air]]|[[Sofia Airport|Sofia]] | 2D

|[[Cathay Pacific]]|[[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]] | 2A

|[[Camair-Co]]|[[Douala International Airport|Douala]], [[Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport|Yaoundé]] | 1

|[[China Eastern Airlines]]|[[Shanghai–Pudong]] | 2E

|[[China Southern Airlines]]|[[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou]] | 2E

|[[Croatia Airlines]]|[[Zagreb Airport|Zagreb]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]], [[Pula Airport|Pula]], [[Split Airport|Split]], [[Zadar Airport|Zadar]] | 1

|[[Cyprus Airways]]|[[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]] | 2D

|[[Czech Airlines]]|[[Prague Ruzyně Airport|Prague]] | 2D

|[[Darwin Airline]]|[[Cambridge Airport|Cambridge]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/10068390/Flights-to-Europe-from-Cambridge-Airport.html |title=Flights to Europe from Cambridge Airport |publisher=Telegraph |date= 20 May 2013|accessdate=27 June 2013 |location=London |first=Oliver |last=Smith}}</ref> [[Leipzig/Halle Airport|Leipzig/Halle]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviationtribune.com/routes/item/545-darwin-launches-leipzig-to-paris-and-amsterdam |title=Darwin launches Leipzig to Paris and Amsterdam |publisher=Aviationtribune.com |date= |accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> | 2D

|[[Delta Air Lines]]|[[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport|Cincinnati]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport|Detroit]], [[Minneapolis−Saint Paul International Airport|Minneapolis/St. Paul]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[Salt Lake City International Airport|Salt Lake City]], [[Seattle–Tacoma International Airport|Seattle/Tacoma]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Logan International Airport|Boston]], [[Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Philadelphia International Airport|Philadelphia]], [[Pittsburgh International Airport|Pittsburgh]] | 2E

|[[easyJet]]|[[Agadir–Al Massira Airport|Agadir]], [[Ajaccio – Napoléon Bonaparte Airport|Ajaccio]], [[Barcelona El Prat Airport|Barcelona]], [[Bari Airport|Bari]], [[Bastia – Poretta Airport|Bastia]], [[Belfast–International]], [[Biarritz – Anglet – Bayonne Airport|Biarritz]], [[Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport|Bologna]], [[Bristol Airport|Bristol]], [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]], [[Catania–Fontanarossa Airport|Catania]], [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Edinburgh Airport|Edinburgh]], [[Glasgow International Airport|Glasgow–International]], [[John Paul II International Airport Kraków–Balice|Kraków]], [[Lisbon Portela Airport|Lisbon]], [[Liverpool John Lennon Airport|Liverpool]], [[Gatwick Airport|London-Gatwick]], [[London–Luton]], [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]], [[Málaga Airport|Málaga]], [[Marrakech–Menara Airport|Marrakech]], [[Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]], [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|Nice]], [[Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport|Porto]], [[Prague Ruzyně Airport|Prague]], [[Toulouse–Blagnac Airport|Toulouse]], [[Venice Marco Polo Airport|Venice–Marco Polo]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Corfu Airport|Corfu]], [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Ibiza Airport|Ibiza]], [[Menorca Airport|Minorca]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]], [[Split Airport|Split]] | 2D

|[[EgyptAir]]|[[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]] '''Seasonal''': [[Luxor International Airport|Luxor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airlineroute.net/2014/02/18/ms-lxrcdg-feb14/|title=EGYPTAIR Resumes Luxor – Paris Service from late-Feb 2014|publisher=Airline Route|date=18 February 2014|accessdate=18 February 2014}}</ref> | 1

|[[El Al]]|[[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Ovda Airport|Eilat–Ovda]] | 2A

|[[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]|[[Dubai International Airport|Dubai-International]] | 2C

|[[Equatorial Congo Airlines]] operated by [[PrivatAir]]|[[Maya-Maya Airport|Brazzaville]] | 1

|[[Estonian Air]]|'''Seasonal:''' [[Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport|Tallinn]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Estonian Air Timetable|url=http://estonian-air.com/en/timetable/|publisher=Estonian Air|accessdate=4 December 2012}}</ref> | 2D

|[[Ethiopian Airlines]]|[[Bole International Airport|Addis Ababa]] | 2A

|[[Etihad Airways]]|[[Abu Dhabi International Airport|Abu Dhabi]] | 2C

|[[Europe Airpost]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Calvi – Sainte-Catherine Airport|Calvi]], [[Glasgow Airport|Glasgow-International]], [[Halifax Stanfield International Airport|Halifax]] (both begin 4 July 2014)<ref>[http://www.europeairpost.com/en/europe-airpost-ouvre-une-serie-de-vols-reguliers-transatlantiques-2/ europeairpost.com – The French airline Europe Airpost launches scheduled flights between Paris, Glasgow and Halifax]</ref> '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]], [[Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport|Porto]], [[San Pablo Airport|Seville]] |3

|[[EVA Air]]|[[Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport|Taipei–Taoyuan]] | 1

|[[Finnair]]|[[Helsinki Airport|Helsinki]] | 2D

|[[Flybe]]|[[Birmingham Airport|Birmingham]], [[Exeter International Airport|Exeter]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]] | 2E

|[[Freebird Airlines]]|'''Seasonal Charter:''' [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]], [[Dalaman Airport|Dalaman]] | 3

|[[Georgian Airways]]|'''Seasonal''': [[Tbilisi International Airport|Tbilisi]]<ref name=A9SumSche>{{cite web|title=Schedule for Summer Season|url=http://www.georgian-airways.com/index.php?m=161|work=Schedule|publisher=Georgian Airways|accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref> | 2D

|[[Germanwings]]| [[Berlin Tegel Airport|Berlin–Tegel]] (begins 31 August 2014), [[Düsseldorf Airport|Düsseldorf]] (begins 18 September 2014), [[Hamburg Airport|Hamburg]] | 1

|[[Gulf Air]]|[[Bahrain International Airport|Bahrain]] | 2C

|[[Hainan Airlines]]| [[Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport|Hangzhou]] (begins 4 September 2014), [[Xi'an Xianyang International Airport|Xi'an]] (begins 4 September 2014) | 2A

|[[Hunnu Air]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Chinggis Khaan International Airport|Ulaanbaatar]] | 2D

|[[Icelandair]]|[[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavík–Keflavík]] | 1

|[[Israir Airlines]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] | 2A

|[[Japan Airlines]]|[[Tokyo–Haneda]], [[Tokyo–Narita]] | 2E

|[[Jet2.com]]| [[East Midlands Airport|East Midlands]], [[Leeds Bradford International Airport|Leeds/Bradford]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]] | 3

|[[Jet Airways]]| [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Mumbai]] | 2C

|[[Kenya Airways]]|[[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport|Nairobi–Kenyatta]] | 2C

|[[KLM]]|[[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]] | 2F

|[[Korean Air]]|[[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]] | 2E

|[[Kuwait Airways]]|[[Kuwait International Airport|Kuwait]], [[Rome–Fiumicino]] | 1

| [[La Compagnie]] | [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]] (begins 11 July 2014)<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/business/travel/new-airline-fly-business-class-only-between-paris-u-s-n134131</ref> | 1

|[[Livingston Compagnia Aerea|Livingston]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] | 3

|[[LOT Polish Airlines]]|[[Warsaw Chopin Airport|Warsaw–Chopin]] | 1

|[[Lufthansa]] | [[Berlin Tegel Airport|Berlin–Tegel]] (ends 30 August 2014), [[Düsseldorf Airport|Düsseldorf]] (ends 17 September 2014), [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]] | 1

|[[Lufthansa Regional]] {{nowrap|operated by [[Lufthansa CityLine]]}} | [[Munich Airport|Munich]] | 1

|[[Luxair]]|[[Luxembourg – Findel Airport|Luxembourg]] | 2G

|[[Malaysia Airlines]]|[[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur]] | 1

|[[Meridiana]]|'''Seasonal:''' [[Olbia – Costa Smeralda Airport|Olbia]] | 3

|[[Middle East Airlines]]|[[Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport|Beirut]] | 2C

|[[Montenegro Airlines]]|[[Podgorica Airport|Podgorica]] | 2D

|[[Neos (airline)|Neos]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Fuerteventura Airport|Fuerteventura]] | 3

|[[Nesma Airlines]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Taba Airport|Taba]] | 3

|[[Niki (airline)|Niki]]|[[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]] | 3

|[[Oman Air]]|[[Muscat International Airport|Muscat]] | 2A

|{{nowrap|[[Pakistan International Airlines]]}}| [[Benazir Bhutto International Airport|Islamabad]], [[Jinnah International Airport|Karachi]], [[Allama Iqbal International Airport|Lahore]] |

|[[Royal Jordanian]]|[[Queen Alia International Airport|Amman–Queen Alia]] | 2A

|[[SATA International]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[João Paulo II Airport|Ponta Delgada]] | 1

|[[Saudia]]|[[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]], [[King Khalid International Airport|Riyadh]] | 2C

|[[Scandinavian Airlines]]|[[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Oslo–Gardermoen]], [[Stockholm–Arlanda]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Stavanger Airport, Sola|Stavanger-Sola]], [[Tromsø Airport|Tromsø]] | 1

|[[Singapore Airlines]]|[[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore]] | 1

|[[SmartWings]] {{nowrap|operated by [[Travel Service Airlines]]}} |[[Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava|Ostrava]], [[Prague Ruzyně Airport|Prague]] | 3

|[[SriLankan Airlines]]|[[Bandaranaike International Airport|Colombo-Bandaranaike]] | 1

|[[Sun d'Or]] operated by [[El Al]]| [[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] | 2A


|[[SunExpress]]| [[Adnan Menderes Airport|Izmir]] | 1

|[[Swiss International Air Lines]]|[[Zurich Airport|Zürich]] | 1

|[[Syphax Airlines]]|[[Djerba–Zarzis International Airport|Djerba]], [[Sfax–Thyna International Airport|Sfax]], [[Tunis–Carthage International Airport|Tunis]] | 1

|[[TACV Cabo Verde Airlines]]|[[Amílcar Cabral International Airport|Sal]], [[São Pedro Airport|Sao Vicente]] | 1

|[[TAM Airlines]]|[[São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport|São Paulo–Guarulhos]] | 1

|[[TAROM]]|[[Henri Coandă International Airport|Bucharest]] | 2E

|[[Thai Airways]]|[[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]] | 1

|[[Tunisair]]|[[Djerba–Zarzis International Airport|Djerba]], [[Monastir – Habib Bourguiba International Airport|Monastir]] | 3

|[[Turkish Airlines]]| [[Atatürk International Airport|Istanbul–Atatürk]], [[Sabiha Gökçen International Airport|Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen]] | 1

|[[Turkmenistan Airlines]]| [[Ashgabat International Airport|Ashgabat]]<ref>[http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/39094.html «Туркменские авиалинии» открывают регулярный рейс в Париж]</ref> | 2D

|[[Ukraine International Airlines]]|[[Kiev–Boryspil]] | 2D

|[[United Airlines]]|[[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]], [[Washington Dulles International Airport|Washington–Dulles]] | 1

|[[Ural Airlines]]| [[Koltsovo Airport|Yekaterinburg]] | 2D

|[[US Airways]]|[[Philadelphia International Airport|Philadelphia]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Charlotte/Douglas International Airport|Charlotte]] | 1

|[[Uzbekistan Airways]]|[[Tashkent International Airport|Tashkent]] | 2C

|[[Vietnam Airlines]]|[[Noi Bai International Airport|Hanoi]], [[Tan Son Nhat International Airport|Ho Chi Minh City]] | 2E

|[[Volotea]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport|Olbia]] | 3

|[[Vueling]]| [[Barcelona Airport|Barcelona]],<ref>http://airlineroute.net/2013/10/29/vy-s14update1/</ref> [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]] '''Seasonal''': [[Santiago de Compostela Airport|Santiago de Compostela]] | 3

|[[WOW air]]|[[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavík-Keflavík]] | 3

|[[Yemenia]]|[[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]], [[Sana'a International Airport|Sana'a]] | 1

|[[XL Airways France]]| [[Cancún International Airport|Cancún]], [[Martinique Aimé Césaire International Airport|Fort-de-France]], [[Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport|Pointe-à-Pitre]], [[Punta Cana International Airport|Punta Cana]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Dzaoudzi Pamandzi International Airport|Dzaoudzi]],<ref>{{fr icon}}http://www.aeroport-mayotte.com/actus/XL-Airways-desservira-Paris-CDG/114/0</ref> [[McCarran International Airport|Las Vegas]], [[Miami International Airport|Miami]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.air-journal.fr/2013-02-24-xl-airways-lancera-un-juin-un-vol-vers-miami-567751.html |title=XL Airways lancera un juin un vol vers Miami | Air Journal |publisher=Air-journal.fr |date=24 February 2013 |accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Roland Garros Airport|Saint Denis Reunion]], [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]]| 2A

|[[XL Airways France]]|'''Seasonal:''' [[Ajaccio – Napoléon Bonaparte Airport|Ajaccio]], [[Bastia – Poretta Airport|Bastia]], [[Catania–Fontanarossa Airport|Catania]], [[Figari Sud-Corse Airport|Figari]], [[Palermo Airport|Palermo]] | 3
}}

===Cargo===
{{Airport-dest-list

| [[Air France|Air France Cargo]] | [[Houari Boumediene Airport|Algiers]], [[Ivato Airport|Antananarivo]], [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Bahrain International Airport|Bahrain]], [[Bamako–Sénou International Airport|Bamako]], [[Bangui M'Poko International Airport|Bangui]], [[Logan International Airport|Boston]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quickcalleronline.com/shipping_directories/air_regions/boston.htm|title=Boston Air Cargo Directory|accessdate=15 March 2013}}</ref> [[Maya-Maya Airport|Brazzaville]], [[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]], [[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]], [[Chicago–O'Hare]], [[King Fahd International Airport|Dammam]], [[Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport|Djibouti]], [[Douala International Airport|Douala]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]], [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], [[Glasgow Prestwick Airport|Glasgow–Prestwick]], [[Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport|Guadalajara]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[Tan Son Nhat International Airport|Ho Chi Minh City]], [[Houston–Intercontinental]], [[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]], [[Kuwait International Airport|Kuwait]], [[Mexico City International Airport|Mexico City]], [[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport|Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta]], [[N'Djamena International Airport|N'djamena]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Nouakchott International Airport|Nouakchott]], [[Ouagadougou Airport|Ouagadougou]], [[Pointe Noire Airport|Pointe-Noire]], [[Port Harcourt International Airport|Port Harcourt]], [[Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport|Porto]], [[Roland Garros Airport|Saint-Denis de la Réunion]], [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]], [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport|Shanghai–Pudong]], [[Tokyo–Narita]], [[Toronto–Pearson]], [[Tripoli International Airport|Tripoli]], [[Tunis–Carthage International Airport|Tunis]], [[Zaragoza Airport|Zaragoza]]

|[[Air France|Air France Cargo]] {{nowrap|operated by [[Martinair Cargo]]}} |[[Diori Hamani International Airport|Niamey]]

|[[Air France|Air France Cargo]] {{nowrap|operated by [[MNG Airlines]]}} | [[Atatürk International Airport|Istanbul–Atatürk]]

| {{nowrap|[[Cargo Garuda Indonesia]]}} | [[Soekarno-Hatta International Airport|Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta]]

| [[Cathay Pacific Cargo]] | [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[London–Heathrow]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Mumbai]]

| [[China Airlines Cargo]] | [[Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport|Taipei–Taoyuan]]

| [[China Cargo Airlines]] | [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport|Shanghai–Pudong]]

| [[DHL Aviation]] | [[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]], [[Leipzig/Halle Airport|Leipzig/Halle]]

| [[Europe Airpost]] | [[Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport|Bordeaux]], [[Brest Bretagne Airport|Brest]], [[Lorient South Brittany Airport|Lorient]], [[Tarbes–Lourdes–Pyrénées Airport|Lourdes]], [[Lyon–Saint Exupéry Airport|Lyon]], [[Nantes Atlantique Airport|Nantes]], [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|Nice]], [[Pau Pyrénées Airport|Pau]], [[Toulouse–Blagnac Airport|Toulouse]]

| [[FedEx Express]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]], [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[Indianapolis International Airport|Indianapolis]], [[Istanbul–Atatürk]], [[London Stansted Airport|London]], [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]], [[Memphis International Airport|Memphis]], [[Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[Stockholm–Arlanda]], [[Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]]

| [[FedEx Feeder]] operated by [[Air Contractors]] | [[EuroAirport Basel–Mulhouse–Freiburg|Basel/Mulhouse]], [[Berlin–Schönefeld]], [[Birmingham Airport|Birmingham]], [[Brussels Airport|Brussels]], [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Cork Airport|Cork]], [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport|Gdansk]], [[Glasgow International Airport|Glasgow–International]], [[Katowice International Airport|Katowice]], [[London Stansted Airport|London–Stansted]], [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester (UK)]], [[Marseille Provence Airport|Marseille]], [[Shannon Airport|Shannon]]

| [[FedEx Feeder]] operated by [[Swiftair]] | [[Hannover Airport|Hanover]]

| [[Korean Air Cargo]] | [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]]

| [[MNG Airlines]] | [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Istanbul–Atatürk]], [[London–Luton]]<ref>[http://www.mngairlines.com/ENG/Services.aspx MNG Airlines Schedule]</ref>

| [[Swiftair]]| [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]]<ref>http://www.swiftair.com/servicios_en/rutas.html</ref>

| [[TMA Cargo]] | [[Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport|Beirut]], [[Tripoli International Airport|Tripoli]]<ref>[http://www.tma.com.lb/network.aspx TMA Cargo schedule destinations ]</ref>

| [[TNT Airways]] | [[Liège Airport|Liège]]

| [[Turkish Airlines Cargo]] | [[Istanbul–Atatürk]]

| [[UPS Airlines]] | [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Louisville International Airport|Louisville]]

| [[UPS Airlines]] {{nowrap|operated by [[Star Air (Maersk Air)|Star Air]]}} | [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]]
}}

==Ground transportation==
[[File:Cdgval val208 gareTGV 3.jpg|thumb|Terminal 2, CDGVAL station]]
[[File:CDG - CDGVAL - LISA - 12.JPG|thumb|Terminal 2E, LISA station]]
[[File:Gare Aéroport Charles-de-Gaulle 2 TGV.jpg|thumb|RER station of ''Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV'']]
[[File:Gare CDG 2.JPG|thumb|Train station of ''Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV'']]

===CDGVAL===
A free automatic shuttle rail service at Charles de Gaulle Airport consisting in two lines [[CDGVAL]] and LISA based on the [[Véhicule Automatique Léger|VAL]] system links the three airport terminals, RER and TGV stations and main car parks within 8 minutes.

===RER===
CDG airport is connected to Paris by the [[RER B]] suburban route (€9.75 in 2014). In off-peak hours and during the weekend, there are two types of services:
# 4 trains per hour to [[Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse (Paris RER)|Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse]] calling at all stations to [[Cité Universitaire (Paris RER)|Cité Universitaire]], then [[Bourg-la-Reine]], [[La Croix de Berny (Paris RER)|La Croix de Berny]], [[Antony (Paris RER)|Antony]], [[Massy–Palaiseau (Paris RER)|Massy–Palaiseau]] and then all stations to Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse; and
# 4 trains per hour to Massy–Palaiseau (on the Saint-Rémy line), express until [[Gare du Nord]] and then all stations to Massy–Palaiseau.
The fast services take about 30 minutes to the Gare du Nord, the stopping services about 35. There are two RER B stations inside the airport:
* one, called [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1 (Paris RER)|Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1]], is located inside Roissypôle (an area with hotels and company offices) next to Terminal 3 and is the preferred way to access Terminals 1 and 3;
* the other, called [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV]], is located beside the TGV station under Terminal 2.

RER B serves both CDG airport (with a travelling clientele) as well as northern suburbs of Paris. The line, operated by [[SNCF]], suffers from slowness and overcrowding. For these reasons, French authorities started two projects: one, [[CDG Express]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdgexpress.equipement.gouv.fr/ |title=CDG Express |publisher=Cdgexpress.equipement.gouv.fr |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref> is supposed to link CDG to Paris [[Gare de l'Est]] from 2016 with trains specifically designed for air travellers but seems to be delayed; the other, RER B Nord Plus,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernisation-rerb.com/ |title=RER B Nord Plus |publisher=Modernisation-rerb.com |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref> will modernise and streamline the northern branches of RER B.

===TGV===
Terminal 2 includes a [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV|TGV station]] on the [[LGV Interconnexion Est]] high-speed line. SNCF operates direct TGV services to several French stations from CDG, including [[Gare de Lille Europe|Lille]], [[Gare de Strasbourg|Strasbourg]], [[Dijon]], [[Gare de Lyon-Part-Dieu|Lyon]], [[Gare de Marseille Saint-Charles|Marseille]], [[Gare de Montpellier Saint-Roch|Montpellier]], [[Gare de Toulouse Matabiau|Toulouse]], [[Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean|Bordeaux]], [[Gare de Nantes|Nantes]], [[Gare de Poitiers|Poitiers]], [[Gare de Rennes|Rennes]], [[Gare de Toulon|Toulon]], as well as services to [[Brussels-South railway station|Brussels]] in Belgium.

===Bus===
Roissybus, operated by the [[Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens|RATP]], departs from terminals 1 and 2 and goes non-stop to Paris, terminating behind the [[Palais Garnier]].

[[Air France]] operates "Les Cars Air France" to several destinations: line 2 to [[Place de l'Etoile]] and [[Porte Maillot (Paris Métro)|Porte Maillot]], line 3 to [[Orly Airport|Paris Orly]], line 4 to [[Gare Montparnasse]], [[Paris-Gare de Lyon|Gare de Lyon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroportsdeparis.fr/ADP/en-GB/Passagers/Access-maps-car-parks/Paris-CDG/Access/public-transport/paris-cdg-car-air-france.htm |title=Paris–Charles de Gaulle Cars Air France – Aéroports de Paris |publisher=Aeroportsdeparis.fr |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref>

There is a bus and coach station in Roissypôle, next to the RER B station. Buses departing from this station include RATP lines 350 and 351 going to Paris and the bus going to the [[Parc Astérix]].

A Bus VEA Disneyland shuttle departs from the three Terminals.

After the last RER B of 23:50, the [[Noctilien]] night bus N143 and N140 departs every half-hour and hour respectively from terminal 1 door D12, terminal 2F door 2 and Roissypôle at [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1 (Paris RER)|Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1]].

===iDBus===
Since 17 December 2012, [[SNCF]]'s national and international coach network, [[IDBUS]], serves Charles de Gaulle Airport, by terminal 3, station CDG 1.

*London – Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport – Lyon
*Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport – Lyon
*Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport – Lille
*Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport – Brussels

===Car===
Charles de Gaulle Airport is directly connected to [[Autoroute A1 (France)|Autoroute A1]] which connects Paris and Lille.

===Car Rental===
* [[Avis Rent a Car System|Avis]]
* [[Budget Rent a Car]]
* [[Enterprise Rent-A-Car|Enterprise]]
* [[Europcar]]
* [[The Hertz Corporation|Hertz]]
* [[Sixt]]
* [[Firefly (car rental)|Firefly]]
* [[TT Car Transit]]

==Alternative airports==
The two other airports serving Paris are [[Orly Airport]] (the most important after CDG) and [[Le Bourget Airport]] (for [[general aviation]] and [[business jet|private jets]]). Some [[low-cost carrier|low-cost airlines]] also advertise [[Beauvais–Tillé Airport]] and [[Châlons Vatry Airport]], respectively 85 km and 165 km from Paris proper, as serving Paris, using the names ''Paris–Beauvais'' and ''Paris–Vatry'' to designate them.

==Incidents and accidents==
{{refimprove section|date=September 2011}}
* On 6 January 1993, [[Lufthansa Cityline Flight 5634|Lufthansa Flight 5634]] from [[Bremen]] to Paris, which was carried out under the [[Lufthansa CityLine]] brand using a Contact Air [[Bombardier Dash 8|Dash 8–300]] ([[aircraft registration|registered]] D-BEAT), hit the ground {{convert|1800|m|ft}} short of the runway of Charles de Gaulle Airport, resulting in the death of four out of the 23 passengers on board. The four crew members survived. The accident occurred after the pilot had to abort the [[final approach (aviation)|final approach]] to the airport because the runway had been closed: the aircraft immediately ahead, a [[Korean Air]] [[Boeing 747]], had suffered a blown tire upon landing.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930106-0 Lufthansa Flight 5634 at the Aviation safety Network]</ref>
* On 25 May 2000, a freight-carrying [[Short 360|Short SH36]] (operated as Streamline flight 200), departing to Luton, England, collided on the runway with departing [[Air Liberte]] flight 8807, an MD-83 jet. The first officer of the SH36 was killed when the wing tip of the MD-83 tore through his side of the flight deck. The captain was slightly injured and all others aboard survived.
* On 25 July 2000, a [[Concorde]], [[Air France Flight 4590]] from Charles de Gaulle to [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] in New York, crashed into Les Relais Bleus Hotel in [[Gonesse]], killing everyone on the aircraft and four people on the ground. Investigations concluded that a tire burst on take-off due to metal left on the runway from a previously departing aircraft, leading to a ruptured fuel tank and resulting in engine failure and other damage. Concorde was conducting a charter flight for a German tour company.

==Theft==
* In December 2006, 20 baggage handlers were found guilty of theft.<ref name="French Property">{{cite news|url=http://www.french-property.com/news/travel_france/paris-airport-theft/|title=Organised Baggage Theft at Paris Airport|publisher=French Property|date=1 October 2007|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>
* In 2007, 19 baggage handlers were found guilty of theft.<ref name="French Property"/>
* In September 2008, 12 baggage handlers were arrested on suspicion of stealing goods from luggages worth 450,000 euros.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/106/article_1741.asp|title=Baggage-handlers at Paris airport arrested for 450m euro thefts|publisher=RFI|date=1 October 2008|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>
* In February 2011, 20 baggage handlers were arrested on suspicion of stealing from the luggage of passengers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/local_news/20-paris-airport-baggage-handlers-arrested_128547.html|title=20 Paris airport baggage handlers arrested|publisher=Expacitca|date=8 February 2011|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>
* In November 2012, 11 baggage handlers and 2 maintenance workers were arrested for stealing valuable items from luggage.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/baggage-handlers-detained-over-thefts-at-paris-airport-298485|title=Baggage handlers detained over thefts at Paris airport|publisher=NDTV|date=28 November 2012|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>

==Mehran Karimi Nasseri==
On 26 August 1988, [[Mehran Karimi Nasseri]] found himself held at Charles de Gaulle airport by immigration. He claimed he was a refugee, but had had his refugee papers stolen. After years of bureaucratic wrangling, it was concluded that Nasseri had entered the airport legally and could not be expelled from its walls, but since he had no papers, there was no country to deport him to, leaving him in [[statelessness|residential limbo]]. Nasseri continued to live within the confines of the airport until 2006, even though French authorities had since made it possible for him to leave if he so wished.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/travel/airline/airport.htm|title=Between 1988 and 2006, a man lived at a Paris airport.|date=2 July 2008|publisher=Snopes.com|accessdate=7 September 2008}}</ref> Nasseri was perhaps the inspiration for the 2004 film ''[[The Terminal]]''. In July 2006 he was hospitalised and later taken care of by charities; he did not return to the airport.

==Photography restrictions==
On 7 November 2005, [[Prefect (France)|prefectoral]] decision 05-4979 was issued, relating specifically to Charles de Gaulle airport. The article 32-5 prohibits photographs being taken for private use of anything moving (e.g. aircraft) or not moving (e.g. buildings) within the "zone reservée" (the restricted area) from the "zone publique" (the public area).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jplemaire.free.fr/af001/ARRETE_POLICE_CDG_05_4979.pdf |title=Sommaire Arrete De Police Cdg |format=PDF |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref>

==Animals==
The grassy lands on which the airport is located are notorious for rabbits and [[hare]]s, which can be seen by passengers at certain times of the day. The airport organises periodic hunts and captures to keep the population to manageable levels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alsapresse.com/jdj/97/10/01/IGF/1/article_2.html|title=Journal L'Alsace / Le Pays|publisher=Alsapresse.com|accessdate=7 September 2008}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Paris|Aviation}}
* [[Transportation in France]]
* [[List of airports in France]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat-inline|Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport}}
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
;General
* [http://www.aeroportsdeparis.fr/ADP/en-gb/passagers/home/ Aéroports de Paris] (official website) {{en icon}}
* [http://www.aeroport.fr/les-aeroports-de-l-uaf/paris-charles-de-gaulle.php Aéroport de Paris Charles de Gaulle] (Union des Aéroports Français) {{fr icon}}
* {{ASN|CDG}}

;Collapse of Terminal 2E
* [http://www.equipement.gouv.fr/article.php3?id_article=710 Official report of the administrative enquiry commission] {{fr icon}}
* [http://www.kirikou.com/tuttifrutti/cdg2e/cdg2e.htm Photos of Terminal 2E before and after the collapse and during reconstruction]


{{Paris}}
{{Airports in France|state=collapsed}}
{{FedEx}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Charles De Gaulle Airport}}
[[Category:Airports established in 1974]]
[[Category:Charles de Gaulle]]
[[Category:Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport|*]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Airports in the Paris region]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Val-d'Oise]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Seine-Saint-Denis]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Seine-et-Marne]]
[[Category:Air France–KLM]]

Talk:Brighton City Airport

2014-05-08T13:05:07Z

Fuzzy6988: /* Semi-protected edit request on 8 May 2014 */

{{WikiProjectBannerShell|1=
{{WikiProject Sussex|importance=low|class=Start}}
{{WPAVIATION|Airports-project=yes|class=Start|importance=Mid}}
}}

==Merge Into==
A new article has been created as [[RAFA Shoreham Airshow]]. When you remove all the non-NPOV comments this article does not say much more than in this article. I propose that it is merged and redirected into here.[[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] 13:04, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
:you should have been bold and just done it. The other airshow article looks like an ad. [[User:CambridgeBayWeather|CambridgeBayWeather]] [[User_talk:CambridgeBayWeather|(Talk)]] 09:07, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
::Done, also re-organised the page to make the subjects clearer - may still need a bit more tinkering.[[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] 21:58, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

== Out of business? (I think not) ==

The most recent bit of history in the article is this:

On April 14 2008, it was announced that the parent company had gone into liquidation, and airfield managers blocked all flights amid fears that the required insurance cover had been cancelled. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/sussex/7346625.stm | title= Financial crisis grounds flights | date=2008-04-14 | accessdate=2008-04-15 | Publisher=[[BBC News]] | format=html}}</ref>

- which I think illustrates the problem of having news in a wiki article. Since there are aircraft operating out of there right now and it's November this is clearly not current. I feel that it would be better to remove this sentence than to leave it unqualified by any later news. [[Special:Contributions/138.37.199.206|138.37.199.206]] ([[User talk:138.37.199.206|talk]]) 08:55, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

:Ermmm - ''helllooooo?'' Does anyone have a view on this, please? What it could really do with is a knowledgeable intervention, which rules me out. But if this sounds like you, please go for it! Otherwise, I am tempted to be [[wp:bold]] and zap it on the grounds mentioned above. Last time I was there was even more recent than my last edit and there were definitely aircraft-shaped objects making aircraft-type noises, appearing to take off and land, etc, though of course this is [[wp:OR]] and I shall now go and slap myself round the head for even mentioning it ... ''ow!'' There. [[Special:Contributions/138.37.199.206|138.37.199.206]] ([[User talk:138.37.199.206|talk]]) 12:40, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

::Sometimes there's a tension between original research and common sense! It's easier (and less likely to lead to accusations of O.R.) to remove stuff that's questionable, than it is to defend adding it. I'd suggest rewording the referenced sentence to say what happened but avoid implying it's still the case; something like, off the top of my head, "in April 2008 the parent company experienced financial difficulties leading to temporary suspension of flights". A bit vague, but that's the point: the reader should check the references and be the one doing the research. As soon as a reference is found to clarify the state of play, it can be added. But in general, if we're not sure, it's surely better to remove everything that's potentially misleading until we are sure. – [[User:kierant|Kieran T]] ''(''[[User talk:kierant|''talk'']]'')'' 13:47, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

:::As there's a reliable source saying that flights have stopped then the article should say flights have stopped. Wikipedia is about [[WP:V|Verifiability, not truth]]. A quick search on the BBC finds [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/sussex/7348883.stm this article] so the "truth" can be added ;) [[User:Bill|Bill]] ([[User_talk:Bill|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Bill|contribs]]) 14:17, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

::::Bill, I often find myself quoting precisely the "verifiability, not truth" pillar to people, and I believe in it as an important part of how Wikipedia works. But it's not necessary to state something simply because a reference exists; therefore one can leave out a fact one is uncomfortable with without breaking the "is it verifiable" test. Additionally, please consider that the [[WP:VERIFY]] article you linked to says that these policies should ''normally'' be applied; the word "normally" is linked to [[Wikipedia:Use common sense]]. – [[User:kierant|Kieran T]] ''(''[[User talk:kierant|''talk'']]'')'' 14:42, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

:::::Stopping flights is a fairly significant event for an airport and a reference exists to confirm it. To exclude it on the grounds somebody may believe that the airport is still closed would be excluding a very important event from the article. As [[User:138.37.199.206]] said originally, This was a case of the article requiring updating, but I disagree with removing the information as neither the source or statement in the article stated that it was to be permanent. I certainly agree with you that common sense should be applied. In this case a source has been found stating the current situation, but if there hadn't been any sources confirming it then I would have sided with the reliable source. Due to the small scale I don't think it's visible enough to the general public to be obvious. [[User:Bill|Bill]] ([[User_talk:Bill|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Bill|contribs]]) 15:20, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

== Airlines etc ==

I don't quite understand what the anon editor is trying to do with this at present. I liked my compromise, which was to keep both the fact that there's nothing there at the moment, ''and ''the historical record of what used to be - this it seems to me is perfectly encyclopaedic and relevant, and enhances rather than harms the article. But the anon editor seems to feel that it should be shorter, one way or the other. If this is you, can you please discuss it here so we can understand what you're aiming at? Thanks and best wishes [[User:DisillusionedBitterAndKnackered|DBaK]] ([[User talk:DisillusionedBitterAndKnackered|talk]]) 19:57, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

:Just to say I cant see anything wrong with the current version by DBaK, if anything it should be expanded to cover other scheduled services in the past. It is not that big an airport and the efforts of some airlines over the years to establish a scheduled service is relevant. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 20:05, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

===New Logo===

Just want to ask can anyone upload the new logo for Shoreham Airport. If you use this link http://ksagency.co.uk/?p=258 then you will find the new logo. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/90.201.173.221|90.201.173.221]] ([[User talk:90.201.173.221|talk]]) 20:59, 21 September 2010 (UTC) 

:It is not exactly the same as the one used on the airport website which says "Brighton City" rather than just Brighton. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 21:48, 21 September 2010 (UTC)

So i now see is there anyway of possibly getting it uploaded? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/90.201.173.221|90.201.173.221]] ([[User talk:90.201.173.221|talk]]) 18:51, 22 September 2010 (UTC) 

== Semi-protected ==
Due to the continual nonsense edits concerning airlines and destinations by IP users I have semi-protected the article. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 17:30, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

==Airlines==

Shoreham airport IS served by 1 AIRLINE called Redair Charters. There routes/destinations are Shoreham to - Le Touquet, Paris, La Mans, Nice & Dublin. IF any of you wikipedia no it alls do not beleave me and therefore refuse to edit the page then here is the website with all the information you will need - http://www.redair-charters.co.uk/index.php. Hopefully you will finally get this page looking correct. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/90.199.101.86|90.199.101.86]] ([[User talk:90.199.101.86|talk]]) 01:05, 24 February 2011 (UTC) 

:Please remember to be civil, nothing on the website you pointed to mentions anything about a Redair operating a scheduled service out of Shoreham to anywhere, they are just an aircraft charter business one of many. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 12:29, 24 February 2011 (UTC)

:Please do excuse my behaviour above. On the website if you go to the Typical Prices area, it shows the prices of the 5 destinations that the airline serves from shoreham, i do agree that it dose not say that its a scheduled service but it is some sort of service. Hope this dose help and agian apologies from my behaviour above —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/90.199.101.86|90.199.101.86]] ([[User talk:90.199.101.86|talk]]) 22:31, 24 February 2011 (UTC) 

== No photo of Shoreham Airshow? ==

[[File:Shoreham Airshow 2012 (7945729608).jpg|thumb|[[Fokker Dr.1]] replica flyby at the 2012 Shoreham Airshow]]

I recently added this photo. Another editor reverted, commenting "could have been taken anywhere and doesnt really add anything."

Um. Well, anywhere you might see a[[ Fokker Dr.1]] flyby, rather a rare event, even a replica! I definitely think we need an airshow photo, and there are plenty to choose from at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shoreham_Airshow . Cheers, [[User:Tillman|Pete Tillman]] ([[User talk:Tillman|talk]]) 19:50, 21 September 2013 (UTC)

:I removed the image, I dont have a problem with an airshow image but it would be better if it actually showed the airport or even the crowd line, an image of just an aircraft even a Fokker replica could be taken anywhere and the type had no relevance really to Shoreham. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 20:08, 21 September 2013 (UTC)

:I have added a Vulcan image that show Lancing College to put it in context with the airshow just to show the sort of thing I mean. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 20:14, 21 September 2013 (UTC)

== Semi-protected edit request on 8 May 2014 ==

{{edit semi-protected|Shoreham Airport|answered=no}}


On top right corner of page, (under Summary) the Airport type is 'Private'
I request a change to 'Private-owned, public-use' to reflect that the airport is available for the public to use.

type = Private-owned, Public-use


[[User:Fuzzy6988|Fuzzy6988]] ([[User talk:Fuzzy6988|talk]]) 13:03, 8 May 2014 (UTC)

Talk:Brighton City Airport

2014-05-08T13:03:21Z

Fuzzy6988: /* Semi-protected edit request on 8 May 2014 */ new section

{{WikiProjectBannerShell|1=
{{WikiProject Sussex|importance=low|class=Start}}
{{WPAVIATION|Airports-project=yes|class=Start|importance=Mid}}
}}

==Merge Into==
A new article has been created as [[RAFA Shoreham Airshow]]. When you remove all the non-NPOV comments this article does not say much more than in this article. I propose that it is merged and redirected into here.[[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] 13:04, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
:you should have been bold and just done it. The other airshow article looks like an ad. [[User:CambridgeBayWeather|CambridgeBayWeather]] [[User_talk:CambridgeBayWeather|(Talk)]] 09:07, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
::Done, also re-organised the page to make the subjects clearer - may still need a bit more tinkering.[[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] 21:58, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

== Out of business? (I think not) ==

The most recent bit of history in the article is this:

On April 14 2008, it was announced that the parent company had gone into liquidation, and airfield managers blocked all flights amid fears that the required insurance cover had been cancelled. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/sussex/7346625.stm | title= Financial crisis grounds flights | date=2008-04-14 | accessdate=2008-04-15 | Publisher=[[BBC News]] | format=html}}</ref>

- which I think illustrates the problem of having news in a wiki article. Since there are aircraft operating out of there right now and it's November this is clearly not current. I feel that it would be better to remove this sentence than to leave it unqualified by any later news. [[Special:Contributions/138.37.199.206|138.37.199.206]] ([[User talk:138.37.199.206|talk]]) 08:55, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

:Ermmm - ''helllooooo?'' Does anyone have a view on this, please? What it could really do with is a knowledgeable intervention, which rules me out. But if this sounds like you, please go for it! Otherwise, I am tempted to be [[wp:bold]] and zap it on the grounds mentioned above. Last time I was there was even more recent than my last edit and there were definitely aircraft-shaped objects making aircraft-type noises, appearing to take off and land, etc, though of course this is [[wp:OR]] and I shall now go and slap myself round the head for even mentioning it ... ''ow!'' There. [[Special:Contributions/138.37.199.206|138.37.199.206]] ([[User talk:138.37.199.206|talk]]) 12:40, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

::Sometimes there's a tension between original research and common sense! It's easier (and less likely to lead to accusations of O.R.) to remove stuff that's questionable, than it is to defend adding it. I'd suggest rewording the referenced sentence to say what happened but avoid implying it's still the case; something like, off the top of my head, "in April 2008 the parent company experienced financial difficulties leading to temporary suspension of flights". A bit vague, but that's the point: the reader should check the references and be the one doing the research. As soon as a reference is found to clarify the state of play, it can be added. But in general, if we're not sure, it's surely better to remove everything that's potentially misleading until we are sure. – [[User:kierant|Kieran T]] ''(''[[User talk:kierant|''talk'']]'')'' 13:47, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

:::As there's a reliable source saying that flights have stopped then the article should say flights have stopped. Wikipedia is about [[WP:V|Verifiability, not truth]]. A quick search on the BBC finds [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/sussex/7348883.stm this article] so the "truth" can be added ;) [[User:Bill|Bill]] ([[User_talk:Bill|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Bill|contribs]]) 14:17, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

::::Bill, I often find myself quoting precisely the "verifiability, not truth" pillar to people, and I believe in it as an important part of how Wikipedia works. But it's not necessary to state something simply because a reference exists; therefore one can leave out a fact one is uncomfortable with without breaking the "is it verifiable" test. Additionally, please consider that the [[WP:VERIFY]] article you linked to says that these policies should ''normally'' be applied; the word "normally" is linked to [[Wikipedia:Use common sense]]. – [[User:kierant|Kieran T]] ''(''[[User talk:kierant|''talk'']]'')'' 14:42, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

:::::Stopping flights is a fairly significant event for an airport and a reference exists to confirm it. To exclude it on the grounds somebody may believe that the airport is still closed would be excluding a very important event from the article. As [[User:138.37.199.206]] said originally, This was a case of the article requiring updating, but I disagree with removing the information as neither the source or statement in the article stated that it was to be permanent. I certainly agree with you that common sense should be applied. In this case a source has been found stating the current situation, but if there hadn't been any sources confirming it then I would have sided with the reliable source. Due to the small scale I don't think it's visible enough to the general public to be obvious. [[User:Bill|Bill]] ([[User_talk:Bill|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Bill|contribs]]) 15:20, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

== Airlines etc ==

I don't quite understand what the anon editor is trying to do with this at present. I liked my compromise, which was to keep both the fact that there's nothing there at the moment, ''and ''the historical record of what used to be - this it seems to me is perfectly encyclopaedic and relevant, and enhances rather than harms the article. But the anon editor seems to feel that it should be shorter, one way or the other. If this is you, can you please discuss it here so we can understand what you're aiming at? Thanks and best wishes [[User:DisillusionedBitterAndKnackered|DBaK]] ([[User talk:DisillusionedBitterAndKnackered|talk]]) 19:57, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

:Just to say I cant see anything wrong with the current version by DBaK, if anything it should be expanded to cover other scheduled services in the past. It is not that big an airport and the efforts of some airlines over the years to establish a scheduled service is relevant. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 20:05, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

===New Logo===

Just want to ask can anyone upload the new logo for Shoreham Airport. If you use this link http://ksagency.co.uk/?p=258 then you will find the new logo. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/90.201.173.221|90.201.173.221]] ([[User talk:90.201.173.221|talk]]) 20:59, 21 September 2010 (UTC) 

:It is not exactly the same as the one used on the airport website which says "Brighton City" rather than just Brighton. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 21:48, 21 September 2010 (UTC)

So i now see is there anyway of possibly getting it uploaded? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/90.201.173.221|90.201.173.221]] ([[User talk:90.201.173.221|talk]]) 18:51, 22 September 2010 (UTC) 

== Semi-protected ==
Due to the continual nonsense edits concerning airlines and destinations by IP users I have semi-protected the article. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 17:30, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

==Airlines==

Shoreham airport IS served by 1 AIRLINE called Redair Charters. There routes/destinations are Shoreham to - Le Touquet, Paris, La Mans, Nice & Dublin. IF any of you wikipedia no it alls do not beleave me and therefore refuse to edit the page then here is the website with all the information you will need - http://www.redair-charters.co.uk/index.php. Hopefully you will finally get this page looking correct. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/90.199.101.86|90.199.101.86]] ([[User talk:90.199.101.86|talk]]) 01:05, 24 February 2011 (UTC) 

:Please remember to be civil, nothing on the website you pointed to mentions anything about a Redair operating a scheduled service out of Shoreham to anywhere, they are just an aircraft charter business one of many. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 12:29, 24 February 2011 (UTC)

:Please do excuse my behaviour above. On the website if you go to the Typical Prices area, it shows the prices of the 5 destinations that the airline serves from shoreham, i do agree that it dose not say that its a scheduled service but it is some sort of service. Hope this dose help and agian apologies from my behaviour above —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/90.199.101.86|90.199.101.86]] ([[User talk:90.199.101.86|talk]]) 22:31, 24 February 2011 (UTC) 

== No photo of Shoreham Airshow? ==

[[File:Shoreham Airshow 2012 (7945729608).jpg|thumb|[[Fokker Dr.1]] replica flyby at the 2012 Shoreham Airshow]]

I recently added this photo. Another editor reverted, commenting "could have been taken anywhere and doesnt really add anything."

Um. Well, anywhere you might see a[[ Fokker Dr.1]] flyby, rather a rare event, even a replica! I definitely think we need an airshow photo, and there are plenty to choose from at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shoreham_Airshow . Cheers, [[User:Tillman|Pete Tillman]] ([[User talk:Tillman|talk]]) 19:50, 21 September 2013 (UTC)

:I removed the image, I dont have a problem with an airshow image but it would be better if it actually showed the airport or even the crowd line, an image of just an aircraft even a Fokker replica could be taken anywhere and the type had no relevance really to Shoreham. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 20:08, 21 September 2013 (UTC)

:I have added a Vulcan image that show Lancing College to put it in context with the airshow just to show the sort of thing I mean. [[User:MilborneOne|MilborneOne]] ([[User talk:MilborneOne|talk]]) 20:14, 21 September 2013 (UTC)

== Semi-protected edit request on 8 May 2014 ==

{{edit semi-protected|Shoreham Airport|answered=no}}


type = Private-owned, Public-use


[[User:Fuzzy6988|Fuzzy6988]] ([[User talk:Fuzzy6988|talk]]) 13:03, 8 May 2014 (UTC)

Forest School, Walthamstow

2007-10-31T18:31:15Z

Fuzzy6988:

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Forest School
| image = Forest-school-logo.gif
| size =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| dms =
| motto = ''In Pectore Robur'' (''Strength in the heart'')
| motto_pl =
| established = [[1834]]
| approx =
| closed =
| c_approx =
| type = [[Public School]]
| religion =
| president =
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = A.G. Boggis, MA
| r_head_label =
| r_head =
| chair_label = Chairman of the Governors
| chair = John W Matthews
| founder =
| founder_pl =
| specialist =
| street =
| city = [[Walthamstow]]
| county = [[Greater London]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode =
| LEA =
| ofsted =
| staff =
| enrollment = 1,200 (approx.)
| gender = Co-educational
| lower_age = 4
| upper_age = 18
| houses = 14
| colours =
| publication =
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Foresters
| free_label_2 =
| free_2 =
| free_label_3 =
| free_3 =
| website = http://www.forest.org.uk
| website_name = www.forest.org.uk
}}

'''Forest School''' is a [[public school]] on the edge of [[Epping Forest]], in [[Walthamstow]] in North East [[London]], in the [[United Kingdom|UK]].

==History==
From its initial twenty-two pupils in [[1834]], Forest has expanded and now has about twelve hundred boys and girls in equal numbers across the full age range of 4 - 18.

===Wardens of Forest School===
The headmaster is called the Warden and is currently Andrew Boggis, who is also the current chairman of the [[HMC]]. The three Heads of School (Boys, Girls and Prep) are the Deputy Wardens, although they are rarely called so. They are Mr M. Cliff Hodges, Mrs P. A. Goodman and Mrs E. Garner respectively.

Through almost two centuries of existence Forest has had ten Wardens:

*Dr. Thomas Dry (1834-1844)
*Mr. John Fredrick Boyes (1844-1848)
*Mr. John Gilderdale (1848-1857)
*Dr. Fredrick Barlow Guy (1857-1886)
*Rev. Thomas Edward Barlow Guy (1886-1894)
*Mr. Ralph Coutenay Guy (1894-1935)
*Mr. Gerald Cedar Miller (1935-1960)
*Mr. Dennis Foxall (1960-1983)
*Mr. John C. Gough (1983-1993)
*Mr. Andrew G. Boggis (1993- )

==Structure==
Beginning at age 11, boys enter the [[first form]] and this is the main point of entry to the boy's school, with usually 20 boys entering from Forest's [[Preparatory school (UK)|prep school]], and being joined by 50 new pupils from a wide range of other schools. Participation in the wider life of the school is expected of all pupils.

The girls' school, also beginning at age 11, focuses on the development of well qualified, [[confidence|socially-confident]] young women ready to take up the opportunities of university and careers. The school places great emphasis on the development of each girl as an individual. This is promoted by a supportive pastoral system; each girl is a member of a House as well as a form. The House system allows each girl to feel loyalty to a smaller unit as well as providing opportunities for girls to take on roles of responsibility. There is a strong sense of community in the School.

Pupils are taught in single sex classes until the [[sixth form]], where teaching becomes coeducational providing a transition to university or professional life.

The Prep school numbers just over two hundred boys and girls. Its aims are to offer an education of high quality and to encourage and develop each child [[academics|academically]], [[physical education|physically]] and spiritually. From the ages of 4 to 7 Pre-Prep pupils are taught in mixed classes of sixteen. In the main Prep from 7 to 11 boys and girls are taught in separate classes of twenty. Small classes enable the teachers to give each child a considerable amount of individual attention in the classroom.

Forest's Sixth Form numbers some 250 pupils and is coeducational. The routine is designed to help pupils thrive in an academic environment and to be prepared for university; many lessons are more like [[seminar]]s and self-motivation becomes increasingly important. Pupils can choose from a very wide range of combinations of AS and A2 courses and these are supplemented by General Studies and a programme of lectures and debates. Sixth Formers remain very much part of their respective schools, continuing to have a Housemaster/mistress as before and having the opportunity to shoulder responsibility in their Houses.

The school maintains its traditional values of academic excellence, and offers [[scholarship]]s in both academic areas and that of the arts to pupils who show an outstanding talent in any particular subject. It prides itself that it offers a first class [[education]], with renowned facilities in [[music]], [[drama]], [[art]] and [[sports]]. It also offers school bus schemes to improve accessibility for those pupils who live a long distance from the school. Many school trips take place as well, usually about three a year not including individual department trips. These can be purely recreational, such as [[skiing]], or educational such as the Fun and [[Philosophy]] trip, or arts-based trips.

===House System===
There are eight Boys' School Houses, each with their own House Master. The first houses were created in 1924, and consisted of Doctor's, Poole's and Johnian's. Copeland's was created in the 1950s and five houses were created in the latter part of the 1970s with Bishop's and School serving as boarding houses. Younger boys wear a tie in their House colour. All boys in the third to sixth forms are registered by House, with first and second form boys registered in their forms. With the exception of School House they are all named after previous Masters or Wardens:

*Bishop's (Light Green - after Bishops Shaw and Bullen)
*Copeland's (Yellow - after an original founder of the school)
*Doctor's (Red - after Dr. F.B. Guy)
*Guy's (Black - after the members of the Guy family)
*Johnians (Dark Green - after John Gilderdale)
*Miller's (Dark Blue - after Gerald Cedar Miller)
*Poole's (Purple - after Master F.J. Poole)
*School (Light Blue)
*Morris (Gold)
In the Girls' School six Houses have recently been formed in 2001 to replace the old four Houses named after areas of the school (Field, Glade, Manor, and Park). They each have a House Mistress. The new Houses are named after famous women:

*[[Mary Astell|Astell]] (Turquoise - after feminist writer Mary Astell)
*[[Lilian Baylis|Baylis]] (Yellow - after theatre director Lilian Baylis)
*[[George Eliot|Eliot]] (Green - after writer George Eliot)
*[[Rosalind Franklin|Franklin]] (Red - after scientist Rosalind Franklin)
*[[Barbara Hepworth|Hepworth]] (Blue - after sculptor Barbara Hepworth)
*[[Mary Kingsley|Kingsley]] (Purple - after explorer Mary Kingsley)

Common pupil appointments include Head of House, Deputy Head of House, Music, Drama and Sports Captains. Competitions between the Houses in both schools include House Music, House Drama, House Football (boys only), House Hockey, House Netball (girls only), Sports Day (House Athletics) etc.

===Naming of Years===
These follow the traditional names from the senior school:
*Year 7.......First Year
*Year 8.......Second Year
*Year 9.......Third Year
*Year 10......Fourth Year
*Year 11......Fifth Year
*Year 12......Lower Sixth
*Year 13......Upper Sixth

===Prefects and Monitors===
Twenty prefects (girls) and twenty monitors (boys) are decided by teachers, housemasters and mistresses at the end of Lower Sixth year. Four more prefects and four more monitors are decided after AS results come out in the summer. Thus all prefects and monitors are in the Upper Sixth. Of these four are chosen to be Head Boy, Deputy Head Boy, Head Girl and Deputy Head Girl. One further girl is chosen to be Games Captain. Prior to the merging of the lower school (Years 7 and 8) and upper school (Years 9 - 13), there were also a set of monitors from Year 8 assigned specifically to the lower school.

Their duties include supervision of queues at lunchtime ("lunch duty"), and supervising their assigned class.

===Gowns===
Black gowns are worn by Heads of Schools, their Deputies and the Warden in assemblies.

Royal blue gowns are worn by monitors and prefects, which are returned at the end of the academic year. In addition, Prefects have white shield badges with "Prefect" written diagonally across in gold, while Monitors wear special ties striped in silver.

Members of both Chapel Choirs wear crimson gowns at formal events, with surplices worn during chapel services.

===Commendations System===
Commendations are awarded for good work. They consist of green slips of paper with carbon transfer to white slips, of which the green is kept by the student and the white is posted into a box on House Boards. Certificates are awarded for number of commendations received (bronze 20, silver 40, gold 60, platinum 80). They are very rarely given out in sixth form.

Non-satises (Latin for 'not enough') are given for poor work or bad behaviour. The pink sheet of the non-satis is given to the form-tutor of the pupil by the teacher who has given it out. The yellow carbon transfer is given to the house-mistress/master, again by the teacher who gave out the non-satis. Three non-satises lead to a housemaster's/mistress' detention, three detentions result in a school (Saturday) detention, and three of these result in a one day suspension.

==Curriculum and Results==
The academic curriculum in the years leading to [[GCSE]] reflects the National Curriculum in its breadth and balance. However, there are one or two distinguishing points of difference: [[Latin]], for example, is compulsory in the 1st and 2nd Forms; and the majority take [[Physics]], [[Chemistry]] and [[Biology]] as separate GCSE subjects. [[Computer literacy]] is a major focus in the early years.

Pupils consistently produce good examination results and most proceed to university, many pupils taking up places for highly competitive subjects at top universities. The school achieves good exam results, with pupils largely achieving around 9-10 good GCSE grades, as well as 4 AS levels and 3 A levels.

Forest has a record of doing well in the academic forum. In 2006, 18 A-level students received offers from the Oxbridge universities (Oxford and Cambridge).

==School Motto==
"''In Pectore Robur''", meaning Heart of Oak, or more poetically 'Strength in the heart'. This is referred to in the school song.

==School Song==
{{lang|la|
:''Eja! Felices! Hodie vacandi
:''Cantico dulcis celebretur vita!''
:''Laus sit in linguis, animo voluptas,''
:''Pectore robur, pectore robur!''

:''Gaudeant pensis pueri peractis,''
:''Gaudeat cura vacuus magister;''
:''En! Domus gaudet! Sua concinamus''
:''Gaudia quisque, gaudia quisque.''

:''Pectoris robur, puerique custos,''
:''Qui Puer quondam in pueris fuisti,''
:''Fac Tibi semper placeamus omnes''
:''Pectore puro, pectore puro!''
}}

The school song has been set to music and is sung regularly at end of term chapel services, and important occasions.

More recently, a previous Master of Music, Stefan Reid, arranged this for orchestra and choir which premiered at the annual End of Year Concert (now traditionally held in the Dining Hall). It is sung at certain significant assemblies (eg. end of year) and at Commemoration Day.

==Faith==
The school's traditional faith is Christianity although it accepts pupils from a wide range of religious and non-religious backgrounds. All students attend compulsory Chapel services within the school twice a week.

==Sports==
===Sporting Achievements===
In [[2005]] the school won the [[Essex Schools Cricket Cup]], after beating [[Saffron Walden]] in the final by 15 runs. This can be seen on the cricket page of the Forest School website. 
In [[2004]] the U14 football team were runners up in the Essex Schools Cup, losing 1-0 to [[Highams Park School]] in the final. 
In [[1993]] Forest School won the inaugural Independent Schools Football Association Cup, beating Charterhouse on penalties.<ref>http://www.isfa.org.uk/boys/news.php?go=fullnews&id=40</ref> 
To this day Forest School remains the only school to have played in the [[FA Cup]], beating Rochester 4-2 in the first round before losing to Clapham Rovers convincingly 10-1.<ref>http://www.the-english-football-archive.com/domestic_competitions/results/fa_cup/1879.htm</ref>

===Sporting Events===
Each year during the second half of Lent term there is a 'Steeplechase' in which members of the Boy's School compete in a race through the surrounding forest.
Sports Day also takes place in June after the end of year exams. Traditionally, this was held on a Saturday, although it has now been moved to a Friday.

==Notable Alumni==

* [[Natalie Ceeney]], chief executive of [[The National Archives]] (UK)
* [[Quinton Fortune]], former Manchester United footballer
* [[James Foster]], cricketer
* [[Nickolas Grace]], actor
* [[Peter Greenaway]], film director
* [[Nasser Hussain]], former England cricket captain
* [[Jack May]], actor - [[Nelson Gabriel]] in [[The Archers]]
* [[Mark Petchey]], tennis player
* [[Richard Pinto]], comedy writer ([[Goodness Gracious Me]])
* [[Sharat Sardana]], comedian and writer ([[Goodness Gracious Me]])
* [[Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh]], convicted terrorist
* [[Jackie Smiles]] [[MBE]], first woman Chinook pilot
* [[Geoffrey Wellum]] [[DFC]], Battle of Britain fighter pilot and author
* [[Adam Woodyatt]], actor - [[Ian Beale]] in [[EastEnders]]
* [[Gerald Lamarque]], (a.k.a. [[Zeno]]), war-hero, author and murderer<ref>http://thebigretort.blogspot.com/search/label/ZENO%20-%20The%20Cauldron</ref>.

There is a larger list of noteworthy Old Foresters on [http://www.forest.org.uk/page.aspx?id=1424 the school's website].

==Activities==

First and Second Year girls have activities every Friday afternoon and Third to Sixth Form girls and boys have activities on Wednesday afternoons. These are double periods devoted to an activity chosen by the pupil at the end of the previous term. Sports teams have practice during activities. The remainder of the school choose from many options including [[Combined Cadet Force|CCF]], video techniques, community service, [[The Duke of Edinburgh's Award]], karate, photography, stage lighting, fencing, swimming, football, golf, [[taekwondo]], Ancient Greek, public speaking and debating, early music, and chess club.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.forest.org.uk Forest School Website]
 
{{Schools in Waltham Forest}}

[[Category:Independent schools in London]]
[[Category:Members of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Education in Waltham Forest]]

Saddam Hussein

2006-12-29T15:45:41Z

Fuzzy6988:

{{NPOV}}
{{sprotected2}}
{{currentevent}}
{{cleanup}}
{{Infobox_President
| name = Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي
| nationality =[[Iraq]]i
| smallimage =
| image = Saddam_butcher_sagdad.jpg
| caption = Saddam Hussein during his first appearance before the [[Iraqi Special Tribunal]]
| order =[[Chairman]] of the [[Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council]] 5th [[President of Iraq]]
| term_start =[[July 16]], [[1979]]
| term_end =[[April 9]], [[2003]]
| vicepresident =
| deputy =
| predecessor =[[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]]
| successor =[[Coalition Provisional Authority]]
| birth_date =[[April 28]] [[1937]]
| birth_place =[[Tikrit]], [[Iraq]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party =[[Ba'ath Arab Socialist Party]]
| spouse =[[Sajida Talfah]] [[Samira Shahbandar]] [[Nidal al-Hamdani]]
| profession =
| religion =[[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslim]]
| signature =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti''' ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]: {{ar|صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي}} ''{{ArabDIN|Saddām Husayn Aabdu-Al-majīd al-tikrītī}}''<ref name="ref1">''Saddam'', pronounced {{IPA|[sˁɑd'dæːm]}} (see [[Arabic phonology]] for details), is his personal name, means ''the stubborn one'' or ''he who confronts'' in Arabic (in Iraq also a term for a car's [[bumper]]). ''Hussein'' (Sometimes also transliterated as '''''Hussayn''''' or '''''Hussain''''') is not a [[Family name|surname]] in the Western sense but a [[patronymic]]; it is his father's given personal name; ''Abd al-Majid'' his grandfather's, and ''al-Tikriti'' means he was born and raised in (or near) [[Tikrit]]. He is commonly referred to as ''Saddam Hussein'', or ''Saddam'' for short. The observation that referring to the deposed Iraqi president as only ''Saddam'' may be derogatory or inappropriate is based on the mistaken assumption that Hussein is a family name: thus, the ''[[New York Times]]'' regularly refers to him as "Mr. Hussein"[http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/02/international/middleeast/02IRAQ.html?8br], while [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] prefers to use simple ''Saddam'' [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=42559]. A full discussion can be found [http://www.cbc.ca/news/indepth/words/saddam_hussein.html here].</ref>; born [[April 28]] [[1937]]<ref name="ref2">Under his government, this date was his official date of birth. His real date of birth was never recorded, but it is believed to be a date between 1935 and 1939. From Con Coughlin, ''Saddam The Secret Life'' Pan Books, 2003 (ISBN 0-330-39310-3).</ref> ), is the former [[President of Iraq|President]] of [[Iraq]], his rule lasting from [[July 16]], [[1979]] until [[April 9]] [[2003]], when he was deposed during the [[United States]]-led [[2003 invasion of Iraq]]. As a leading member of the Iraqi [[Baath Party]], which espoused [[secularity|secular]] [[pan-Arabism]], economic [[modernization]], and [[Arab socialism]], Saddam played a key role in the 1968 [[coup d'état|coup]] that brought his [[Political party|party]] to long-term power.

As vice president under his cousin, the frail General [[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]], Saddam tightly controlled conflict between the [[Government of Iraq|government]] and the [[Military of Iraq|armed forces]] by creating repressive security forces and cementing his own firm authority over the apparatus of government.

As president, Saddam ran an [[authoritarian]] government and maintained power and stability through the [[Iran-Iraq War]] (1980–1988) and the [[Gulf War]] (1991) and by repressing movements that it deemed threatening, particularly those of ethnic or religious groups that sought [[independence]] or [[Autonomous entity|autonomy]]. While he remained a popular hero among many Arabs for standing up to [[Israel]] and the [[United States]], some in the international community, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Israel and Kuwait continued to view Saddam with deep suspicion following the 1991 [[Gulf War]].{{fact}}

After the US invasion of Iraq, Saddam was captured by U.S. forces on [[December 13]] [[2003]]. On [[November 5]] [[2006]], he was convicted of [[crimes against humanity]] by the [[Iraq Special Tribunal]] and was [[Capital punishment|sentenced to death]] by [[hanging]].<ref name=bbc_on_death_sentence>Saddam Hussein sentenced to death, BBC World Service 2006/11/05[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6117910.stm]</ref> On [[December 26]], Saddam's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld. No further appeals are possible and Saddam must be executed within 30 days of that date. <ref name="BBC on appeal">Death sentence for Saddam upheld, BBC World Service 2006/12/26[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6210245.stm]</ref> A US military-officer source expects that Saddam will be hanged before the [[Eid ul-Adha|Eid]] religious holiday, which begins this Sunday. <ref name=msnbc_on_death_sentence>Saddam to be hanged by Sunday, MSNBC (online) 2006/12/28[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16384738/?GT1=8816]</ref>

==Youth==
Saddam Hussein was born in the town of [[Al-Awja]], 8 miles (13 km) from the Iraqi town of [[Tikrit]] in the Sunni Triangle, to a family of shepherds. His mother, Subha Tulfah al-Mussallat, named her newborn son "Saddam", which in Arabic means "One who confronts". He never knew his father, Hussein 'Abd al-Majid, who disappeared six months before Saddam was born. Shortly afterward, Saddam's 13-year-old brother died of [[cancer]], leaving his mother severely [[clinical depression|depressed]] in the final months of the pregnancy. The infant Saddam was sent to the family of his maternal uncle, [[Khairallah Talfah]], until he was three.<ref name="ref5">From Elisabeth Bumiller's interview of Jerrold M. Grumpkin, the founder of the Center for the Analysis of Personality and Political Behavior at the [[CIA]] in the ''New York Times'' ([[15 May]] [[2004]]) on the importance of events during Saddam Hussein's youth. It can be read online at [http://hnn.us/roundup/archives/11/2004/05/#5225].</ref>

His mother remarried, and Saddam gained three half-brothers through this marriage. His stepfather, Ibrahim al-Hassan, treated Saddam harshly after his return. At about the age of 10, Saddam fled the family and returned to live in Baghdad with his uncle, Kharaillah Tulfah. Tulfah, the father of Saddam's future wife, was a devout [[Sunni]] Muslim. Later in his life, relatives from his native Tikrit would become some of his closest advisors and supporters. According to Saddam, he learned many things from his uncle, a militant Iraqi nationalist. Under the guidance of his uncle, he attended a nationalistic secondary school in Baghdad. In 1957, at age 20, Saddam joined the revolutionary [[pan-Arab]] Ba'ath Party, of which his uncle was a supporter.

Revolutionary sentiment was characteristic of the era in Iraq and throughout the [[Middle East]]. The stranglehold of the old elites (the conservative [[monarchism|monarchists]], established families, and merchants) was breaking down in Iraq. Moreover, the [[populism|populist]] pan-Arab nationalism of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] in [[Egypt]] would profoundly influence the young Ba'athist, even up to the present day. The rise of [[Nasser]] foreshadowed a wave of revolutions throughout the Middle East in the 1950s and 1960s, which would see the collapse of the monarchies of Iraq, Egypt, and [[Libya]]. Nasser challenged the [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[France|French]], nationalized the [[Suez Canal]], and strove to modernize Egypt and unite the Arab world politically.

In 1958, a year after Saddam had joined the Ba'ath party, army officers led by General [[Abdul Karim Qassim]] overthrew [[Faisal II of Iraq]]. The Ba'athists opposed the new government, and in 1959, Saddam was involved in the attempted United States-backed plot to [[assassination|assassinate]] Qassim.[http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/4/10/205859.shtml]

Saddam was shot in the leg, but escaped to Tikrit with the help of [[CIA]] and Egyptian intelligence agents. Saddam then crossed into [[Syria]] and was transferred to [[Beirut]] for a brief CIA training course. From there he moved to [[Cairo]] where he made frequent visits to the American embassy. During this time the CIA placed him in an upper-class apartment observed by CIA and Egyptian operatives. [http://www.upi.com/archive/view.php?archive=1&StoryID=20030410-070214-6557r (UPI 'analysis' article)]

He was sentenced to death ''[[in absentia]]''. Saddam studied law at the [[Cairo University]] during his exile.

==Rise to power==
Concerned about Qassim's growing ties to [[Communist]]s, the CIA gave assistance to the Ba'ath Party and other regime opponents.<ref name="Morris">Morris, Roger, [http://readthese.blogspot.com/2003_12_15_readthese_archive.html "Remember: Saddam was our man"], ''New York Times'', [[March 14]] [[2003]]</ref> Army officers with ties to the Ba'ath Party overthrew Qassim in a coup in 1963. Ba'athist leaders were appointed to the cabinet and [[Abdul Salam Arif]] became president. Arif dismissed and arrested the Ba'athist leaders later that year. Saddam returned to Iraq, but was imprisoned in 1964. He escaped prison in 1967 and quickly became a leading member of the party. In 1968, Saddam participated in a bloodless coup led by [[Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr]] that overthrew [[Abdul Rahman Arif]]. al-Bakr was named president and Saddam was named his deputy. Saddam soon became the regime's strongman. According to biographers, Saddam never forgot the tensions within the first Ba'athist government, which informed his measures to promote Ba'ath party unity as well as his ruthless resolve to maintain power and programs to ensure social stability.

Soon after becoming deputy to the president, Saddam demanded and received the rank of [[four-star general]] despite his lack of military training.<ref name="Sada">Sada, George, ''Saddam's Secret''</ref>
[[Image:AlBakr.jpg|thumb|250px|Saddam Hussein (left) talking with [[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]] (right)]]

===Modernization===
Saddam consolidated power in a nation riddled with profound tensions. Long before Saddam, Iraq had been split along social, ethnic, religious, and economic fault lines: [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] versus [[Shi'a Islam|Shi'ite]], Arab versus [[Kurds|Kurd]], tribal chief versus urban [[merchant]], [[nomad]] versus [[peasant]]. Stable rule in a country rife with [[factionalism]] required the improvement of living standards. Saddam moved up the ranks in the new government by aiding attempts to strengthen and unify the Ba'ath party and taking a leading role in addressing the country's major domestic problems and expanding the party's following.

Saddam actively fostered the modernization of the Iraqi economy along with the creation of a strong security apparatus to prevent coups within the power structure and insurrections apart from it. Ever concerned with broadening his base of support among the diverse elements of Iraqi society and mobilizing mass support, he closely followed the administration of state welfare and development programs.

At the center of this strategy was Iraq's oil. On [[June 1]], [[1972]], Saddam oversaw the seizure of international oil interests, which, at the time, had a [[monopoly]] on the country's oil. A year later, world oil prices rose dramatically as a result of the [[1973 energy crisis]], and skyrocketing revenues enabled Saddam to expand his agenda.

Within just a few years, Iraq was providing social services that were unprecedented among Middle Eastern countries. Saddam established and controlled the "National Campaign for the Eradication of Illiteracy" and the campaign for "Compulsory Free Education in Iraq," and largely under his auspices, the government established universal free schooling up to the highest education levels; hundreds of thousands learned to read in the years following the initiation of the program. The government also supported families of soldiers, granted free hospitalization to everyone, and gave subsidies to farmers. Iraq created one of the most modernized public-health systems in the Middle East, earning Saddam an award from the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO). [http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/iraq/saddam_hussein.html] [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/iraq/war/player1.html]

To diversify the largely oil-based [[economy of Iraq|economy]], Saddam implemented a national infrastructure campaign that made great progress in building roads, promoting [[mining]], and developing other industries. The campaign revolutionized Iraq's energy industries. Electricity was brought to nearly every city in Iraq, and many outlying areas.

Before the 1970s, most of Iraq's people lived in the countryside, where Saddam himself was born and raised, and roughly two-thirds were peasants. But this number would decrease quickly during the 1970s as the country invested much of its oil profits into industrial expansion.

Nevertheless, Saddam focused intensely on fostering loyalty to the Ba'athist government in the rural areas. After nationalizing foreign oil interests, Saddam supervised the modernization of the countryside, mechanizing [[agriculture]] on a large scale, and distributing land to peasant farmers.<ref name="ref6">Khadduri, Majid. ''Socialist Iraq''. The Middle East Institute, Washington, D.C., 1978.</ref> The Ba'athists established farm [[cooperative]]s, in which profits were distributed according to the labors of the individual and the unskilled were trained. The government's commitment to [[agrarian]] reform was demonstrated by the doubling of expenditures for agricultural development in 1974-1975. Moreover, agrarian reform in Iraq improved the living standard of the peasantry and increased production, though not to the levels Saddam had hoped for.

Saddam became personally associated with Ba'athist welfare and economic development programs in the eyes of many Iraqis, widening his appeal both within his traditional base and among new sectors of the population. These programs were part of a combination of "[[carrot and stick]]" tactics to enhance support in the [[working class]], the peasantry, and within the party and the government bureaucracy.

Saddam's organizational prowess was credited with Iraq's rapid pace of development in the 1970s; development went forward at such a fevered pitch that two million persons from other Arab countries and [[Yugoslavia]] worked in Iraq to meet the growing [[demand]] for [[labour (economics)|labor]].

In 1976, Saddam rose to the position of general in the Iraqi armed forces, and rapidly became the [[Strongman (politics)|strongman]] of the government. At the time Saddam was considered an enemy of Communism and radical [[Islamism]]. Saddam was integral to U.S. policy in the region, a policy which sought to weaken the influence of [[Iran]] and the [[Soviet Union]].{{fact}} As the weak, elderly al-Bakr became unable to execute his duties, Saddam took on an increasingly prominent role as the face of the government both internally and externally. He soon became the architect of Iraq's [[foreign policy]] and represented the nation in all diplomatic situations. He was the de facto ruler of Iraq some years before he formally came to power in 1979. He slowly began to consolidate his power over Iraq's government and the Ba'ath party. Relationships with fellow party members were carefully cultivated, and Saddam soon accumulated a powerful circle of support within the party.

===Succession===
In 1979 al-Bakr started to make treaties with [[Syria]], also under Ba'athist leadership, that would lead to unification between the two countries. Syrian President [[Hafez al-Assad]] would become deputy leader in a union, and this would drive Saddam to obscurity. Saddam acted to secure his grip on power. He forced the ailing al-Bakr to resign on [[July 16]], [[1979]], and formally assumed the presidency.

Shortly afterwards, he convened an assembly of Ba'ath party leaders on [[July 22]], [[1979]]. During the assembly, which he ordered videotaped, Saddam claimed to have found spies and conspirators within the Ba'ath Party and read out the names of 68 members who he thought could oppose him. These members were labeled "disloyal" and were removed from the room one by one and taken into custody. After the list was read, Saddam congratulated those still seated in the room for their past and future loyalty. The 68 people arrested at the meeting were subsequently put on trial, and 22 were sentenced to execution for [[treason]].

==Saddam Hussein as a secular leader==
Saddam saw himself as a social revolutionary and a modernizer, following the Nasser model. To the consternation of Islamic [[conservative]]s, his government gave women added freedoms and offered them high-level government and industry jobs. Saddam also created a Western-style legal system, making Iraq the only country in the [[Persian Gulf]] region not ruled according to traditional Islamic law ([[Sharia]]). Saddam abolished the Sharia law courts, except for personal injury claims.

Domestic conflict impeded Saddam's modernizing projects. Iraqi society is divided along lines of language, religion and ethnicity; Saddam's government rested on the support of the 20% minority of largely working class, peasant, and lower [[middle class]] Sunnis, continuing a pattern that dates back at least to the British [[mandate]] authority's reliance on them as administrators.

The Shi'a majority were long a source of opposition to the government's secular policies, and the Ba'ath Party was increasingly concerned about potential Sh'ia Islamist influence following the [[Iranian Revolution]] of 1979. The Kurds of northern Iraq (who are Sunni Muslims but not Arabs) were also permanently hostile to the Ba'athist party's pan-Arabism. To maintain his regime Saddam tended either to provide them with benefits so as to co-opt them into the regime, or to take repressive measures against them. The major instruments for accomplishing this control were the [[paramilitary]] and [[police]] organizations. Beginning in 1974, [[Taha Yassin Ramadan]], a close associate of Saddam, commanded the People's Army, which was responsible for internal security. As the Ba'ath Party's paramilitary, the People's Army acted as a counterweight against any coup attempts by the regular armed forces. In addition to the People's Army, the Department of General Intelligence ([[Mukhabarat]]) was the most notorious arm of the state security system, feared for its use of [[torture]] and assassination. It was commanded by [[Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti]], Saddam's younger half-brother. Since 1982, foreign observers believed that this department operated both at home and abroad in their mission to seek out and eliminate Saddam's perceived opponents.<ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query]</ref>

Saddam justified Iraqi nationalism by claiming a unique role of Iraq in the history of the Arab world. As president, Saddam made frequent references to the [[Abbasid]] period, when Baghdad was the political, cultural, and economic capital of the Arab world. He also promoted Iraq's pre-Islamic role as [[Mesopotamia]], the ancient cradle of civilization, alluding to such historical figures as [[Nebuchadrezzar II]] and [[Hammurabi]]. He devoted resources to archaeological explorations. In effect, Saddam sought to combine pan-Arabism and Iraqi nationalism, by promoting the vision of an Arab world united and led by Iraq.

As a sign of his consolidation of power, Saddam's [[personality cult]] pervaded Iraqi society. Thousands of portraits, posters, statues and murals were erected in his honor all over Iraq. His face could be seen on the sides of office buildings, schools, airports, and shops, as well as on Iraqi currency. Saddam's personality cult reflected his efforts to appeal to the various elements in Iraqi society. He appeared in the costumes of the [[Bedouin]], the traditional clothes of the Iraqi peasant (which he essentially wore during his childhood), and even Kurdish clothing, but also appeared in Western suits, projecting the image of an urbane and modern leader. Sometimes he would also be portrayed as a devout Muslim, wearing full headdress and robe, praying toward [[Mecca]].

==Foreign affairs==
In foreign affairs, Saddam sought to have Iraq play a leading role in the Middle East. Iraq signed an aid pact with the [[Soviet Union]] in 1972, and arms were sent along with several thousand advisers. However, the 1978 executions of Iraqi Communists and a shift of trade toward the West strained Iraqi relations with the Soviet Union, leading to a more Western orientation from then until the Gulf War in 1991, though Saddam continued to receive the largest share of his armaments from the [[Soviet bloc]].

He made a state visit to [[France]] in 1976, cementing close ties with some French business and conservative political circles. Saddam led Arab opposition to the 1979 [[Camp David Accords]] between Egypt and Israel. In 1975 he negotiated an accord with [[Iran]] that contained Iraqi concessions on border disputes. In return, Iran agreed to stop supporting opposition Kurds in Iraq.

Saddam initiated Iraq's [[nuclear enrichment]] project in the 1980s, with French assistance. The first Iraqi [[nuclear reactor]] was named by the French "[[Osirak]]", a [[portmanteau]] formed from "[[Osiris]]", the name of the French experimental reactor that served as template and "Irak", the French spelling of "Iraq". Osirak was destroyed by an [[Israel]]i [[air strike]] ([[Operation Opera]]), because Israel suspected it was going to start producing weapons-grade nuclear material.

After Saddam had negotiated the 1975 treaty with Iran, Shah [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] withdrew support for the Kurds, who suffered a total defeat. Nearly from its founding as a modern state in 1920, Iraq has had to deal with Kurdish [[separatism|separatists]] in the northern part of the country. Saddam did negotiate an agreement in 1970 with separatist Kurdish leaders, giving them autonomy, but the agreement broke down. The result was brutal fighting between the government and Kurdish groups and even Iraqi bombing of Kurdish villages in Iran, which caused Iraqi relations with Iran to deteriorate.
===The Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988)===
[[Image:Handshake300.jpg|thumb|250px|Saddam Hussein greets [[Donald Rumsfeld]], then special envoy of President [[Ronald Reagan]], in Baghdad on December 20, 1983]]
{{main|Iran-Iraq War}}

In 1979 Iran's Shah, [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], was overthrown in the [[History of Iran#Islamic Revolution|Islamic Revolution]], thus giving way to an [[Islamic republic]] led by Ayatollah [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]. The influence of revolutionary Shi'ite Islam grew apace in the region, particularly in countries with large Shi'ite populations, especially Iraq. Saddam feared that radical Islamic ideas — hostile to his secular rule — were rapidly spreading in southern Iraq among the majority Shi'ite population.

There had also been bitter enmity between Saddam and Khomeini since the 1970s. Khomeini, having been [[exile]]d from Iran in 1964, took up residence in Iraq, at the Shi'ite holy city of [[An Najaf]]. There he involved himself with Iraqi Shi'ites and developed a strong, worldwide religious and political following. Under pressure from the Shah, who had agreed to a rapprochement between Iraq and Iran in 1975, Saddam agreed to expel Khomeini in 1978.

After Khomeini gained power, skirmishes between Iraq and revolutionary Iran occurred for ten months over the sovereignty of the disputed [[Arvandrud/Shatt al-Arab]] waterway, which divides the two countries. During this period, Saddam Hussein continually maintained that it was in Iraq's interest not to engage with Iran, and that it was in the interests of both nations to maintain peaceful relations. However, in a private meeting with [[Salah Omar Al-Ali]], Iraq's permanent ambassador to the United Nations, he revealed that he intended to invade and occupy a large part of Iran within months. Iraq invaded Iran by attacking [[Mehrabad Airport]] of [[Tehran]] and entering the oil-rich Iranian land of [[Khuzestan Province|Khuzestan]], which also has a sizeable Arab minority, on [[September 22]], [[1980]] and declared it a new [[province]] of Iraq. Most Arab nations and the United States supported him with artillery and medical supplies during this time.

In the first days of the war, there was heavy ground fighting around strategic ports as Iraq launched an attack on Khuzestan. After making some initial gains, Iraq's troops began to suffer losses from [[human wave]] attacks by Iran. By [[1982]], Iraq was on the defensive and looking for ways to end the war. At this point, Saddam asked his ministers for candid advice. Health Minister Riyadh Ibrahim suggested that Saddam temporarily step down to promote peace negotiations. Ibrahim’s chopped up body was delivered to his wife the next day.<ref name="Woods">Kevin Woods, James Lacey, and Williamson Murray, [http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20060501faessay85301-p20/kevin-woods-james-lacey-williamson-murray/saddam-s-delusions-the-view-from-the-inside.html "Saddam's Delusions: The View From the Inside"], ''Foreign Affairs,'' May/June 2006.</ref>

Iraq quickly found itself bogged down in one of the longest and most destructive [[war of attrition|wars of attrition]] of the twentieth century. During the war, Iraq used Western supplied [[chemical weapons]] against Iranian forces fighting on the southern front and Kurdish separatists who were attempting to open up a northern front in Iraq with the help of Iran.<ref name="Isa">Dr Khalil Ibrahim Al Isa [http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iraq/cw/az120103.html], ''Al Zaman (London),'' December 1, 2003.</ref>

On [[March 16]] [[1988]], the Kurdish town of [[Halabja]] was attacked with a mix of [[mustard gas]] and [[nerve agent]]s, killing 5,000 [[civilians]], and maiming, disfiguring, or seriously debilitating 10,000 more. (''see [[Halabja poison gas attack]]'') [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/18714.htm]. The attack occurred in conjunction with the 1988 [[al-Anfal campaign]] designed to reassert central control of the mostly Kurdish population of areas of northern Iraq and defeat the Kurdish [[peshmerga]] rebel forces. The United States now maintains that Saddam ordered the attack to terrorize the Kurdish population in northern Iraq ([http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/18714.htm]), but Saddam's regime claimed at the time that Iran was responsible for the attack<ref name="ref14">ref: Stephen C. Pelletiere, New York Times, [[January 31]] [[2003]]: A War Crime or an Act of War?</ref> and the US [[Halabja poison gas attack#Estabilishing the culprit|supported]] the claim until the early 1990s.

Saddam reached out to other Arab governments for cash and political support during the war, particularly after Iraq's oil industry severely suffered at the hands of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran Navy|Iranian navy]] in the [[Persian Gulf]]. Iraq successfully gained some military and financial aid, as well as diplomatic and moral support, from the United States, the Soviet Union, and France, which together feared the prospects of the expansion of revolutionary Iran's influence in the region. The Iranians, claiming that the international community should force Iraq to pay war reparations to Iran, refused any suggestions for a cease-fire. They continued the war until 1988, hoping to bring down Saddam's secular regime and instigate a Shi'ite rebellion in Iraq.

The bloody eight-year war ended in a stalemate. There were hundreds of thousands of casualties, perhaps upwards of 1.7 million died on both sides. Both economies, previously healthy and expanding, were left in ruins.

Saddam borrowed a tremendous amount of money from other Arab states during the 1980s to fight Iran and was stuck with a war debt of roughly $75 billion. Faced with rebuilding Iraq's infrastructure, Saddam desperately sought out cash once again, this time for postwar reconstruction. The desperate search for foreign credit would eventually humiliate the strongman {{fact}} who had long sought to dominate Arab nationalism throughout the Middle East.

===Tensions with Kuwait===
The end of the war with Iran served to deepen [[latent]] tensions between Iraq and its wealthy neighbor [[Kuwait]]. Saddam saw his war with Iran as having spared Kuwait from the imminent threat of Iranian domination. Since the struggle with Iran had been fought for the benefit of the other Gulf Arab states as much as for Iraq, he argued, a share of Iraqi debt should be forgiven. Saddam urged the Kuwaitis to forgive the Iraqi debt accumulated in the war, some $30 billion, but the Kuwaitis refused, claiming that Saddam was responsible to pay off his debts for the war he started.

Also to raise money for postwar reconstruction, Saddam pushed oil-exporting countries to raise oil prices by cutting back oil production. Kuwait refused to cut production. In addition to refusing the request, Kuwait spearheaded the opposition in [[OPEC]] to the cuts that Saddam had requested. Kuwait was pumping large amounts of oil, and thus keeping prices low, when Iraq needed to sell high-priced oil from its wells to pay off a huge debt.

Meanwhile, Saddam showed disdain for the Kuwait-Iraq boundary line (imposed on Iraq by British imperial officials in 1922) because it almost completely cut Iraq off from the sea. One of the few articles of faith uniting the political scene in a nation rife with sharp social, ethnic, religious, and socioeconomic divides was the belief that Kuwait had no right to even exist in the first place. For at least half a century, Iraqi nationalists were espousing emphatically the belief that Kuwait was historically an integral part of Iraq, and that Kuwait had only come into being through the maneuverings of British [[imperialism]].

The colossal extent of Kuwaiti oil reserves also intensified tensions in the region. The oil reserves of Kuwait (with a population of a mere 2 million next to Iraq's 25) were roughly equal to those of Iraq. Taken together, Iraq and Kuwait sat on top of some 20% of the world's known oil reserves; [[Saudi Arabia]], by comparison, holds 25%.

The Kuwaiti monarchy further angered Saddam by allegedly [[slant drilling]] oil out of wells that Iraq considered to be within its disputed border with Kuwait. Given that at the time Iraq was not regarded as a [[pariah]] state, Saddam was able to complain about the alleged slant drilling to the [[U.S. State Department]]. Although this had continued for years, Saddam now needed oil money to stem a looming economic crisis. Saddam still had an experienced and well-equipped army, which he used to influence regional affairs. He later ordered troops to the Iraq-Kuwait border.

As Iraq-Kuwait relations rapidly deteriorated, Saddam was receiving conflicting information about how the U.S. would respond to the prospects of an invasion. For one, Washington had been taking measures to cultivate a constructive relationship with Iraq for roughly a decade. {{fact}} The U.S. also sent billions of dollars to Saddam to keep him from forming a strong alliance with the Soviets. <ref name="ref7">A free-access on-line archive relating to U.S.-Iraq relations in the 1980s is offered by ''The National Security Archive'' of the [[George Washington University]]. It can be read on line at [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/]. The Mount Holyoke International Relations Program also provides a free-access document briefing on U.S.-Iraq relations (1904 - present); this can be accessed on line at [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/iraq.htm].</ref>

U.S. ambassador to Iraq [[April Glaspie]] met with Saddam in an emergency meeting on [[July 25]], [[1990]], where the Iraqi leader stated his intention to continue talks. U.S. officials attempted to maintain a conciliatory line with Iraq, indicating that while [[George H. W. Bush]] and [[James Baker]] did not want force used, they would not take any position on the Iraq-Kuwait boundary dispute and did not want to become involved. The transcript, however, does not show any explicit statement of approval of, acceptance of, or foreknowledge of the invasion. Later, Iraq and Kuwait then met for a final negotiation session, which failed. Saddam then sent his troops into Kuwait.

==The Gulf War==
{{main|Gulf War}}

On [[August 2]] [[1990]], Saddam [[Invasion of Kuwait|invaded and annexed]] the oil-rich [[emirate]] of [[Kuwait]]. U.S. President [[George H. W. Bush]] responded cautiously for the first several days after the invasion. On the one hand, Kuwait, prior to this point, had been a virulent enemy of Israel and was on friendly terms with the Soviets. On the other hand, Iraq controlled ten percent of the world's crude oil reserves and with the invasion had doubled the percentage. [http://www.kuwait-info.org/Country_Profile/economy.html] U.S. interests were heavily invested in the region,<ref name="ref8">For a statement asserting the overriding importance of oil to U.S. national security and the U.S. economy, see, e.g., the declassified document, "Responding to Iraqi Aggression in the Gulf," The White House, National Security Directive (NSD 54), top secret, [[January 15]], [[1991]]. This document can be read on line in [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB21/ George Washington University's National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 21] at [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB21/06-01.htm].</ref> and the invasion triggered fears that the [[Crude oil#Pricing|price of oil]], and therefore the world economy, was at stake. The [[United Kingdom]] was also concerned. Britain had a close historical relationship with Kuwait, dating back to British [[colonialism]] in the region, and also benefited from billions of dollars in Kuwaiti investment. [[British Prime Minister]] [[Margaret Thatcher]] underscored the risk the invasion posed to Western interests to Bush in an in-person meeting one day after the invasion, famously telling him, "Don't go wobbly on me, George". {{fact}}

Cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union made possible the passage of resolutions in the [[United Nations Security Council]] giving Iraq a deadline to leave Kuwait and approving the use of force if Saddam did not comply with the timetable. U.S. officials feared that Iraq would retaliate against oil-rich [[Saudi Arabia]], a close ally of Washington since the 1940s, for the Saudis' opposition to the invasion of Kuwait. Accordingly, the U.S. and a group of allies, including countries as diverse as [[Egypt]], [[Syria]] and [[Czechoslovakia]], deployed massive amounts of troops along the Saudi border with Kuwait and Iraq in order to encircle the Iraqi army, the largest in the Middle East.

During the period of negotiations and threats following the invasion, Saddam focused renewed attention on the [[Palestinian]] problem by promising to withdraw his forces from Kuwait if Israel would relinquish the occupied territories in the [[West Bank]], the [[Golan Heights]], and the [[Gaza Strip]]. Saddam's proposal further split the Arab world, pitting U.S. and Western-supported Arab states against the Palestinians. The allies ultimately rejected any connection between the Kuwait crisis and Palestinian issues.

Saddam ignored the Security Council deadline. With unanimous backing from the Security Council, a U.S.-led coalition launched round-the-clock missile and aerial attacks on Iraq, beginning [[January 16]], [[1991]]. Israel, though subjected to attack by Iraqi missiles, refrained from retaliating in order not to provoke Arab states into leaving the coalition. A ground force comprised largely of U.S. and British armored and infantry divisions ejected Saddam's army from Kuwait in February 1991 and occupied the southern portion of Iraq as far as the [[Euphrates]]. Before leaving, Saddam ordered the oil wells across Kuwait to be torched (''see'' [[Kuwaiti oil fires]]).

On [[March 6]], [[1991]], referring to the conflict, Bush announced: "What is at stake is more than one small country, it is a big idea - a [[new world order]], where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind: peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law."

In the end, the over-manned and under-equipped Iraqi army proved unable to compete on the battlefield with the highly mobile coalition land forces and their overpowering air support. Some 175,000 Iraqis were taken prisoner and casualties were estimated at approximately 20,000 according to U.S. data, with other sources pinning the number as high as 100,000. As part of the cease-fire agreement, Iraq agreed to abandon all chemical and biological weapons and allow UN observers to inspect the sites. UN trade sanctions would remain in effect until Iraq complied with all terms.

===Gulf War aftermath===
{{main|1991 uprisings in Iraq}}

Iraq's ethnic and religious divisions, together with the resulting postwar devastation, laid the groundwork for new rebellions within the country. In the aftermath of the fighting, social and ethnic unrest among Shi'a Muslims, Kurds, and dissident military units threatened the stability of Saddam's government. Uprisings began in the Kurdish north and Shi'a southern and central parts of Iraq, but were ruthlessly repressed. In 2005 the BBC reported that as many as 30,000 persons had been killed during the 1991 uprisings [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4561872.stm].

The United States, which had urged Iraqis to rise up against Saddam, did nothing to assist the rebellions and even lifted the [[Iraqi no-fly zones]] which allowed Saddam's forces to crush the rebellions. U.S. ally [[Turkey]] opposed any prospect of Kurdish independence, and the Saudis and other conservative Arab states feared an Iran-style Shi'a revolution. Saddam, having survived the immediate crisis in the wake of defeat and a car crash, which left a small scar in his face and a injury on a finger, according to his now defected personal doctor, was left firmly in control of Iraq, although the country never recovered either economically or militarily from the Persian Gulf War. Saddam routinely cited his survival as "proof" that Iraq had in fact won the war against America. This message earned Saddam a great deal of popularity in many sectors of the Arab world.

Saddam increasingly portrayed himself as a devout [[Muslim]], in an effort to co-opt the conservative religious segments of society. Some elements of Sharia law were re-introduced, such as the 2001 edict imposing the death penalty for [[sodomy]], [[rape]], and [[prostitution]], the legalization of "honor killings" and the ritual phrase "[[Allahu Akbar]]". "God is the greatest", in Saddam's handwriting, was added to the national flag.

==1991–2003==
Relations between the United States and Iraq remained tense following the Gulf War. In April of 1993 the Iraqi Intelligence Service, it is alleged, attempted to assassinate former President George H. W. Bush during a visit to Kuwait. Kuwaiti security forces apprehended a group of Iraqis at the scene of an alleged bombing attempt. On [[June 26]], [[1993]], the U.S. launched a missile attack targeting Baghdad intelligence headquarters in retaliation for the alleged attempt to attack former President Bush. [http://www.clintonfoundation.org/legacy/062693-speech-by-president-address-to-nation-on-iraq.htm][http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/iraq/timeline/062793.htm]

The UN [[sanctions]] placed upon Iraq when it invaded Kuwait were not lifted, blocking Iraqi oil exports. This caused immense hardship in Iraq and virtually destroyed the Iraqi economy and state infrastructure. Only smuggling across the Syrian border and humanitarian aid (the UN Oil-for-Food Programme) ameliorated the humanitarian crisis. Limited amounts of income from the United Nations started flowing into Iraq through the UN [[Oil-for-Food Programme]].

U.S. officials continued to accuse Saddam Hussein of violating the terms of the Gulf War's cease fire, by developing [[weapons of mass destruction]] and other banned weaponry, refusing to give out adequate information on these weapons, and violating the UN-imposed sanctions and no-fly zones. Isolated military strikes by U.S. and British forces continued on Iraq sporadically, the largest being [[Operation Desert Fox]] in 1998. Charges of Iraqi impediment to UN inspection of sites thought to contain illegal weapons were claimed as the reasons for crises between 1997 and 1998, culminating in intensive U.S. and British missile strikes on Iraq, [[December 16]]-[[December 19]], [[1998]]. After two years of intermittent activity, U.S. and British warplanes struck harder at sites near Baghdad in February, 2001.

Saddam's support base of Tikriti tribesmen, family members, and other supporters were divided after the war. In the following years, this contributed to the government's increasingly repressive and arbitrary nature. Domestic repression inside Iraq grew worse, and Saddam's sons, [[Uday Hussein]] and [[Qusay Hussein]], became increasingly powerful and carried out a private reign of terror. They likely had a leading hand when, in August 1995, two of Saddam Hussein's sons-in-law ([[Hussein Kamel]] and [[Saddam Kamel]]), who held high positions in the Iraqi military, defected to Jordan. Both were killed after returning to Iraq the following February.

Iraqi cooperation with UN weapons inspection teams was questioned on several occasions during the 1990s and [[UNSCOM]] chief weapons inspector [[Richard Butler (diplomat)]] withdrew his team from Iraq in November 1998 citing Iraqi non-cooperation, without the permission of the UN, although a UN spokesman subsequently stated that "the bulk of" the Security Council supported the move [http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/meast/9811/11/iraq.05/index.html]. Iraq accused Butler and other UNSCOM officials of acting as spies for the United States. This was supported by reports in the Washington Post and the Boston Globe, citing anonymous sources, which said that Butler had known of and co-operated with a US electronic eavesdropping operation that allowed intelligence agents to monitor military communications in Iraq. After a crisis ensued and the U.S. contemplated military action against Iraq, Saddam resumed cooperation. [http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/meast/9811/11/iraq.05/] The inspectors returned, but were withdrawn again on [[16 December]] <ref name="ref9">Richard BUTLER, ''Saddam Defiant'', Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2000, p. 224</ref>. Butler had given a report the [[UN Security Council]] on [[15 December]] in which he expressed dissatisfaction with the level of compliance. Three out of five of the Permanent Members of the U.N. Security Council subsequently objected to Butler's withdrawal. Butler reported in his biography that U.S. Ambassador Peter Burleigh, acting on instructions from Washington, suggested he pull his team from Iraq in order to protect them from the forthcoming U.S. and British airstrikes.

Saddam continued to loom large in American consciousness as a major threat to Western allies such as Israel and oil-rich Saudi Arabia, to Western oil supplies from the Gulf states, and to Middle East stability generally. U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] maintained economic sanctions, as well as air patrols in the "[[Iraqi no-fly zones]]". In October 1998, President Clinton signed the [[Iraq Liberation Act]].[http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/libera.htm] The act called for "regime change" in Iraq and authorizes the funding of opposition groups. Following the issuance of a UN report detailing Iraq's failure to cooperate with inspections, Clinton authorized [[Operation Desert Fox]], a three-day air-strike to hamper Saddam's weapons-production facilities and hit sites related to weapons of mass destruction.

Several journalists have reported on Saddam's ties to anti-Israeli and Islamic [[terrorism]] prior to 2000. Saddam is also known to have had contacts with Palestinian terrorist groups. Early in 2002, Saddam told [[Faroq al-Kaddoumi]], head of the Palestinian political office, he would raise the sum granted to each family of Palestinians who die as suicide bombers in the uprising against Israel to $25,000 instead of $10,000.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2846365.stm] Some news reports detailed links to terrorists, including [[Carlos the Jackal]], [[Abu Nidal]], [[Abu Abbas]] and [[Osama bin Laden]].[http://www.mediaresearch.org/rm/cyber/2004/binladen061704/segment1.ram] However, no conclusive evidence concerning links between Saddam and bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization has ever been produced by any US government official. The official assessment by the U.S. Intelligence Community is that contacts between [[Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda]] over the years did not lead to a collaborative relationship. The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence was able to find evidence of only one such meeting, as well as evidence of two occasions "not reported prior to the war, in which Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qa'ida operative. The Intelligence Community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qa'ida and Iraq."[http://intelligence.senate.gov/phaseiiaccuracy.pdf] The Senate Committee concluded that there was no evidence of any Iraqi support of al-Qaeda and that there was convincing evidence of hostility between the two entities.

==2003 Invasion of Iraq==
[[Image:SaddamBaghdadwalkabout.jpg|frame|On [[April 4]] [[2003]], satellite channels worldwide broadcast footage of the besieged Iraqi leader touring the streets of his bombed capital. Smoke was emanating from oil fires in the distance. As U.S.-led ground troops were marching toward the capital, a smiling Saddam Hussein greeted cheering, chanting crowds in the streets of Baghdad.<ref name="ref10">For further details see Globe and Mail Update, "Hussein does Baghdad walkabout" [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20030404.wmain0404_5/BNPrint/International] [[4 April]] [[2003]].</ref>]]
{{main|2003 Invasion of Iraq}}

The domestic political situation changed in the U.S. after the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], which bolstered the influence of the [[neoconservatism (United States)|neoconservative]] faction in the presidential administration and throughout Washington. Bush and his cabinet repeatedly linked the Hussein government to the 9/11 attacks on the basis of an alleged meeting in Prague in April 2001 involving an Iraqi intelligence agent and other evidence.<ref name="Mylroie">Mylroie, Laurie, [http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=13323 "The Saddam-9/11 Link Confirmed"], FrontPageMagazine.com, [[May 11]] [[2004]]</ref>. Both a Senate Select Committee and the 9/11 Commission failed to uncover convincing evidence of such a link.<ref>United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, http://intelligence.senate.gov/phaseiiaccuracy.pdf. Retrieved [[10 September]] [[2006]]. </ref><ref>United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, http://intelligence.senate.gov/phaseiiinc.pdf. Retrieved [[10 September]], [[2006]]. </ref><ref> Section 10.3, ''The 9/11 Commission Report'' (2004). http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch10.htm. Retrieved [[10 September]] [[2006]]. </ref> In his January 2002 state-of-the-union message to Congress, President [[George W. Bush]] spoke of an "[[axis of evil]]" comprised of [[Iran]], [[North Korea]], and Iraq. Moreover, Bush announced that he would possibly take action to topple the Iraqi government. Bush stated, "The Iraqi regime has plotted to develop anthrax, and nerve gas, and nuclear weapons for over a decade." Bush went on to say "Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror."<ref name="ref12">The full text of Bush's 2002 State of the Union address can be read on line (BBC News) at [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1790537.stm].</ref>

As the war was looming on [[February 24]] [[2003]], Saddam Hussein talked with [[CBS News]] anchor [[Dan Rather]] for more than three hours — his first interview with a U.S. reporter in over a decade.<ref name="ref13">Dan Rather's interview with Saddam Hussein leading up to the U.S.-led 2003 invasion of Iraq on [[20 March]] can be read on line (CBSNEWS.com) at [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/02/24/eveningnews/main541817.shtml].</ref> CBS aired the taped interview later that week.

The Iraqi government and military collapsed within three weeks of the beginning of the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] on [[March 20]]. The United States made at least two attempts to kill Saddam with targeted air strikes, but both failed to hit their target. By the beginning of April, Coalition forces occupied much of Iraq. The resistance of the much-weakened Iraqi Army either crumbled or shifted to [[guerrilla warfare]], and it appeared that Saddam had lost control of Iraq. He was last seen in a video which purported to show him in the Baghdad suburbs surrounded by supporters. When Baghdad fell to the Coalition on [[April 9]], Saddam was still preparing to leave.

===Pursuit and capture===
====Pursuit====
As the US forces were occupying the [[Republican Palace]] and other central landmarks and ministries on [[April 9]], Saddam Hussein emerged from his command [[bunker]] beneath the [[Al A'Zamiyah]] district of northern Baghdad and greeted excited members of the local public. In the [[BBC]] Panorama programme ''Saddam on the Run'' witnesses were found for these and other later events (see ''Note 15''). The walkabout was captured on film and broadcast several days after the event on [[Al-Arabiya]] Television and was also witnessed by ordinary people who corroborated the date afterwards. He was accompanied by bodyguards and other loyal supporters including at least one of his sons and his personal secretary.

After the walk about Saddam returned to his bunker and made preparations for his family. According to his eldest daughter [[Raghad Hussein]] he was by this point aware of the "betrayal" of a number of key figures involved in the defence of Baghdad. There was a lot of confusion between Iraqi commanders in different sectors of the capital and communication between them and Saddam and between Saddam and his family were becoming increasingly difficult. This version of events is supported by [[Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf]], the former Information Minister who struggled to know what was actually happening after the US captured [[Baghdad International Airport]].

The Americans had meanwhile started receiving rumours that Saddam was in Al A'Zamiyah and at dawn on [[April 10]] they dispatched three companies of [[US Marines]] to capture or kill him. As the Americans closed in, and realising that Baghdad was lost, Saddam arranged for cars to collect his eldest daughters [[Raghad Hussein|Raghad]] and [[Rana Hussein|Rana]] and drive them to [[Syria]]. His wife [[Sajida Talfah]] and youngest daughter [[Hala Hussein|Hala]] had already left Iraq several weeks prior. Raghad Hussein stated in an interview for ''Panorama'':

{{cquote|After about midday my Dad sent cars from his private collection for us. We were told to get in. We had almost lost contact with my father and brothers because things had got out of hand. I saw with my own eyes the [Iraqi] army withdrawing and the terrified faces of the Iraqi soldiers who, unfortunately, were running away and looking around them. Missiles were falling on my left and my right - they were not more than fifty or one hundred meters away. We moved in small cars. I had a gun between my feet just in case.}}
(Attributed to [[Raghad Hussein]])

Then according to the testimony of a former bodyguard Saddam Hussein dismissed almost his entire staff:

{{cquote|The last time I saw him he said: My sons, each of you go to your homes. We said: Sir, we want to stay with you. Why should we go? But he insisted. Even his son, [[Qusay Hussein|Qusay]], was crying a little. He [Saddam] was trying not to show his feelings. He was stressed but he didn't want to destroy the morale of the people who were watching him, but inside, he was definitely broken.}}
(Attributed to an anonymous former bodyguard)

After this he changed out of his uniform and with only two bodyguards to guard him, left Baghdad in a plain white [[Oldsmobile]] and made his way to a specially prepared bunker in [[Dialah]] on the northern outskirts of the city.

[[Ayad Allawi]] in interview stated that Saddam stayed in the Dialah bunker for three weeks as Baghdad and the rest of Iraq were occupied by US forces. Initially he and his entourage used [[satellite telephone]]s to communicate with each other. As this became more risky they resorted to sending couriers with written messages. One of these couriers was reported to have been his own nephew. However, their cover was given away when one of the couriers was captured and Saddam was forced to evacuate the Dialah bunker and resorted to changing location every few hours. There were numerous sightings of him in [[Baiji, Iraq|Beiji]], [[Baquba]] and [[Tikrit]] to the north of Baghdad over the next few months as he shuttled between safe houses disguised as a shepherd in a plain taxi. How close he came to being captured during this period may never be made public. Sometime in the middle of May he moved to the countryside around his home town of [[Tikrit]].

A series of audio tapes claiming to be from Saddam were released at various times, although the authenticity of these tapes remains uncertain.

Saddam Hussein was at the top of the [[U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis]], and many of the other leaders of the Iraqi government were arrested, but extensive efforts to find him had little effect. In June in a joint raid by special operations forces and the 1st Battalion, [[22nd Infantry Regiment]] of 1st Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, they captured the former president's personal secretary [[Abid Hamid Mahmud]], Ace of Diamonds and number 4 after Saddam and his sons [[Uday Hussein|Uday]] and [[Qusay Hussein|Qusay]]. Documents discovered with him enabled intelligence officers to work out who was who in Saddam's circle. Manhunts were launched nightly throughout the [[Sunni triangle]]. Safe houses and family homes were raided as soon as any tip came in that someone in Saddam's circle might be in the area.

In July 2003 in an engagement with U.S. forces after a tip-off from an Iraqi informant Saddam's sons were cornered in a house in [[Mosul]] and shot to death.

According to one of Saddam's bodyguards, the former president actually went to the grave himself on the evening of the funeral:

*"After the funeral people saw Saddam Hussein visiting the graves with a group of his protectors. No one recognized them and even the car they came in wasn't spotted. At the grave Saddam read a verse from the Koran and cried. There were flags on the grave. After he finished reading, he took the flags and left. He cried for his sons." {{citation needed}}

This story, however, likely resulted to explain the missing flags. The commander of the 1st Battalion, [[22nd Infantry Regiment]] in Tikrit and Auja, where the sons were buried, had the cemetery heavily guarded. The flags were removed by US forces to prevent his sons being honored as martyrs. These flags now reside at the National Infantry Museum at Fort Benning, Georgia.

The raids and arrests of people known to be close to the former President drove him deeper underground. Once more the trail was growing colder. In August the US military released [[photo-fits]] of how Saddam might be disguising himself in traditional garb, hair died grey, even without his signature moustache. By the early autumn the Pentagon had also formed a secret unit – [[Taskforce 121]]. Using electronic [[surveillance]] and undercover agents, the [[CIA]] and [[Special Forces]] scoured Iraq for clues.

By the beginning of November Saddam was under siege. His home town and powerbase were surrounded and his faithful bodyguards targeted and then arrested one by one by the Americans. Protests erupted in several towns in the Sunni triangle. Meanwhile some [[Sunni]] [[Muslims]] showed their support for Saddam.

On [[December 12]] Mohamed Ibrahim Omar al-Musslit was unexpectedly captured in Baghdad. Mohamed had been a key figure in the President's [[special security organization]]. His cousin Adnan had been captured in July by the 1st Battalion, [[22nd Infantry Regiment]] in [[Tikrit]]. It appears Mohamed had taken control of Saddam on the run, the only person who knew where he was from hour to hour and who was with him. According to US sources it took just a few hours of interrogation for him to crack and betray Saddam.

Within hours [[Colonel James Hickey]] (1st Brigade, 4th Infantry Division) together with US Special Operations Forces launched [[Operation Red Dawn]] and under cover of darkness made for the village of [[Ad-Dawr]] on the outskirts of Tikrit. The informer had told US forces the former president would be in one of two groups of buildings on a farm codenamed [[Wolverine 1]] and [[Wolverine 2]].

====Capture====
[[Image:saddamcapture.jpg|thumb|Saddam Hussein shortly after his capture]]

On [[December 13]] [[2003]], the [[Islamic Republic News Agency]] (IRNA) of Iran first reported that Saddam Hussein had been arrested, citing Kurdish leader [[Jalal Talabani]]. These reports were soon confirmed by other members of the [[Iraq Interim Governing Council]], by U.S. military sources, and by [[United Kingdom|British]] prime minister [[Tony Blair]]. In a press conference in [[Baghdad]], shortly afterwards, the U.S. civil administrator in Iraq, [[Paul Bremer]], formally announced the capture of Saddam Hussein by saying, "Ladies and gentlemen, we got him." Bremer reported that Saddam had been captured at approximately 8:30 p.m. Iraqi time on [[December 13]], in an underground "[[spider hole]]" at a farmhouse in [[ad-Dawr]] near his home town [[Tikrit]], in what was called [[Operation Red Dawn]].[http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/12/14/sprj.irq.saddam.operation/]

During the arrest Hussein reportedly said: "I am the President of Iraq," — to which an American soldier replied: "The President of The United States sends his regards."<ref name="CNN10">{{cite web | title=CNN | work=Saddam pressed about insurgency | url=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/12/15/sprj.irq.main/index.html | accessdate=December 27 | accessyear=2006}}</ref>

Bremer presented video footage of Saddam in custody. Saddam Hussein was shown with a full beard and hair longer and curlier than his familiar appearance, which a barber later restored. His identity was later reportedly confirmed by [[DNA testing]]. He was described as being in good health and as "talkative and co-operative". Bremer said that Saddam would be tried, but that the details of his trial had not yet been determined. Members of the Governing Council who spoke with Saddam after his capture reported that he was unrepentant, claiming to have been a "firm but just ruler". Later it emerged that the tip-off which led to his capture came from a detainee under interrogation.

Shortly after his capture, Saddam Hussein was shown on a Department of Defense video on Al-Jazeera receiving a medical examination.

====Incarceration====
According to US military sources, immediately after his capture on [[December 13]] Saddam was hooded and his hands were bound. He was taken by a military [[HMMWV]] vehicle to a waiting helicopter and then flown to the US base located in and adjacent to one of his former palaces in [[Tikrit]]. At this base he was paraded before jubilant US soldiers and a series of photographs were taken. After a brief pause he was loaded onto another helicopter and flown to the main US base at [[Baghdad International Airport]] and transferred to the [[Camp Cropper]] facility. Here he was photographed officially and had his long beard shaved. The next day he was visited in his cell by members of the [[Iraqi Governing Council]] including [[Ahmed Chalabi]] and [[Adnan Pachachi]]. It is believed that he has stayed at this high security location for the majority of time since his capture. Details of his interrogation are unknown. There were rumours that he was flown out of Iraq during a dangerous upsurge in the insurgency during 2004 but this now seems unlikely.

==Trials==
{{wikinews|Saddam Hussein sentenced to death for Dujail killings|date=November 5, 2006}}

[[Image:TrialSaddam.jpg|thumb|right|Hussein during his first appearance before the Tribunal.]]
{{main|Trial of Saddam Hussein}}

*On [[June 30]] [[2004]], Saddam Hussein (held in custody by U.S. forces at [[Camp Cropper]] in Baghdad), and 11 senior Ba'athist officials were handed over legally (though not physically) to the interim Iraqi government to stand trial for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Particular attention will be paid to his activities in violent campaigns against the Kurds in the north during the Iran-Iraq War, and against the Shiites in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down revolts.

*On [[July 1]] [[2004]], the first legal hearing in Saddam's case was held before the [[Iraqi Special Tribunal]]. Broadcast later on Arabic and Western television networks, it was his first appearance in footage aired around the world since his capture by U.S. forces the previous December.

*On [[July 18]] [[2005]], Saddam was charged by the Special Tribunal with the first of an expected series of charges, relating to the mass killings of the inhabitants of the village of [[Dujail]] in 1982 after a failed assassination attempt against him.

*On [[August 8]] [[2005]], the family announced that the legal team had been dissolved and that the only Iraq-based member, [[Khalil al-Duleimi]], had been made sole legal counsel. [http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2005/08/08/saddams_jordan_based_legal_team_dissolved/]

*On [[November 8]] [[2005]], [[Adel al-Zubeidi]] a defense attorney during the [[Trials of Saddam Hussein|Hussein Trials]] on the legal team representing [[Taha Yassin Ramadan]] was killed.

*On [[November 28]] [[2005]], Chief Judge [[Rizgar Mohammed Amin]] adjourned the trial until [[December 5]] to allow time to find replacements for two defense lawyers who were slain and another who fled Iraq after he was wounded.

*On [[December 5]] [[2005]] and [[December 6]] [[2005]], Hussein and his lawyers vehemently opposed the authority of the court; the lawyers walked out, and Saddam told the judge to "Go to hell." [http://uk.news.yahoo.com/06122005/325/saddam-defies-judges-bombers-kill-40.html]

*On [[January 23]] [[2006]], [[Rauf Rashid Abd al-Rahman]] was nominated interim chief judge of the tribunal. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4639488.stm] He replaced former chief judge [[Rizgar Mohammed Amin|Rizgar Amin]], also a Kurd, who resigned after complaining of government interference.

*On [[March 15]] [[2006]], Saddam was called by the prosecution as a witness. On the stand, he made several political statements, saying he was still President of Iraq and calling on Iraqis to stop fighting each other and instead fight American troops. The judge turned off Saddam's microphone and closed the trial to the public in response. [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,187923,00.html].

*On [[June 21]] [[2006]], the chief defense attorney for Hussein and his brothers, [[Khamis al-Obeidi]], was kidnapped and killed. [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13451449/]. Hussein began a hunger strike in protest to the assassination, which he quit by [[June 23]]. [http://today.reuters.com/news/NewsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyid=2006-06-23T140831Z_01_IBO322826_RTRUKOT_0_TEXT0.xml&WTmodLoc=NewsArt-L1-RelatedNews-1]

*On [[July 13]] [[2006]], it was reported that Saddam and "other former regime members" had begun another hunger strike on [[July 7]] to protest the lack of fairness in their trial including the murder of defense lawyer Khamis al-Obeidi. By [[July 23]] [[2006]], he was taken to the hospital and force-fed by tube [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5207874.stm]. He later claimed this to have been against his will [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060726/ap_on_re_mi_ea/saddam_trial].

*On [[September 15]] [[2006]], The chief judge [[Abdullah al-Amiri]], a Shiite Arab, told the ex-president, "You were not a dictator." Demands from Kurdish and Shiite officials for his removal followed; the judge already had rejected prosecution demands that he step down for allegedly favoring the defense [http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/09/15/saddam.trial.ap/index.html]. He was soon replaced by Mohammed al-Uraibiy, al-Amiri's court deputy and also a Shiite Arab, replaced al-Amiri as a chief judge. [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060919/ap_on_re_mi_ea/saddam_trial]

[[Image:Saddam verdict.png|thumb|250px|right|Saddam as he is being sentenced]]
*On [[November 5]] [[2006]], Saddam Hussein was found guilty of crimes against humanity in ordering the deaths of 148 Shi'ite villagers in the town of [[Dujail]] in [[1982]] and [[Capital punishment|sentenced to death]] by hanging. His half brother and the judge at the trial of the original case in 1982 were also convicted of similar charges. When the judge announced the verdict, Saddam shouted "[[Takbir|God is great!]]" and "Long live Iraq. Long live the Iraqi people! Down with the traitors!" [http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=92527] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6117910.stm] [http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/11/05/dujail.saddam/index.html] [http://www.optusnet.com.au/news/story/abc/20061105/20/international/1781557.inp]. According to the [[New York Times]], Saddam Hussein's verdict and sentence would "come under review by the nine-judge appellate chamber of the trial court. There is no time limit for the appeal court's review, but Iraqi and American officials who work with the court said that the earliest realistic date for Saddam Hussein's execution, assuming it stood up to review, would be next spring." [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/05/world/middleeast/05cnd-saddam.html?_r=1&pagewanted=2] Iraqi law requires executions to take place within 30 days of the end of the appeal process; however it also forbids the executions of people aged over 70 years old, a status Saddam Hussein acquires on [[28 April]] [[2007]].  [http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/defining_penalty.html]

*On [[December 26]], [[2006]], Iraq's highest [[appeals court]] upheld Saddam's verdict and sentence, leaving the former leader with few if any options. The court argued again that the verdict must be implemented "within 30 days," according to chief judge Aref Shahin. "From tomorrow, any day could be the day of implementation. Noting that "Iraqi law requires executions to take place within 30 days of the end of the appeal process. (The 30th day is January 26, 2007)" [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20061226/ap_on_re_mi_ea/saddam_s_sentence]

On [[December 28]], [[2006]], Iraqis have requested the transport of Hussein from the U.S. Military to Iraq for the execution in the next 48 hours. Iraqi execution personnel have said they want to execute Hussein before Monday, the day of [[Eid-e_Norouz|Eid]]. [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/28/iraq/main2304318.shtml]

==Marriage and family relationships==
Saddam married [[Sajida Talfah]] in 1963. Sajida is the daughter of Khairallah Talfah, Saddam's uncle and mentor. Their marriage was arranged when Saddam was 5 and Sajida was 7; however, the two didn't meet until their wedding. They were married in [[Egypt]] during his exile. They had two sons ([[Uday Saddam Hussein|Uday]] and [[Qusay Hussein|Qusay]]) and three daughters, [[Rana Hussein|Rana]], [[Raghad Hussein|Raghad]] and [[Hala Hussein|Hala]]. Uday controlled the media, and was named Journalist of the Century by the Iraqi Union of Journalists. Qusay ran the elite Republican Guard, and was considered Saddam's heir. Both brothers made a fortune smuggling oil. Sajida, Raghad, and Rana were put under house arrest because they were suspected of being involved in an attempted [[assassination]] of Uday on [[December 12]], [[1996]]. General [[Adnan Khairallah]] Tuffah, Sajida's brother and Saddam's childhood friend, was allegedly executed because of his growing popularity.

Saddam also married two other women: [[Samira Shahbandar]], whom he married in 1986 after forcing her husband to divorce her (she is rumored to be his favorite wife), and [[Nidal al-Hamdani]], the general manager of the Solar Energy Research Center in the Council of Scientific Research, whose husband was apparently also persuaded to divorce his wife. There have apparently been no political issues from these latter two marriages. Saddam has another son, [[Ali Hussein|Ali]], from Samira.
[[Image:SaddamandRana.jpg.jpg|thumb|200px|Saddam with his daughter, Rana Hussein.]]

In August 1995, Rana and her husband [[Hussein Kamel|Hussein Kamel al-Majid]] and Raghad and her husband, [[Saddam Kamel|Saddam Kamel al-Majid]], defected to [[Jordan]], taking their children with them. They returned to Iraq when they received assurances that Saddam Hussein would pardon them. Within three days of their return in February 1996, both of the Majid brothers were attacked and killed in a gunfight with other clan members who considered them traitors. Saddam had made it clear that although pardoned, they would lose all status and would not receive any protection.

Saddam's daughter Hala is married to Jamal Mustafa Sultan al-Tikriti, the deputy head of Iraq's Tribal Affairs Office. Neither has been known to be involved in politics. Jamal surrendered to U.S. troops in April 2003. Another cousin was [[Ali Hassan al-Majid]], also known in the United States as "Chemical Ali," who was accused of ordering the use of poison gas in 1988. Ali is now in U.S. custody. Prior to the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], Baghdad's airport (Saddam International Airport) was named after him until [[April 3]], [[2003]] when U.S. forces seized control of the airport, renaming the airport to its current name.

In August 2003, Saddam's daughters Raghad and Rana received sanctuary in [[Amman]], [[Jordan]], where they are currently staying with their nine children. That month, they spoke with [[CNN]] and the Arab satellite station [[Al-Arabiya]] in Amman. When asked about her father, Raghad told CNN, "He was a very good father, loving, has a big heart." Asked if she wanted to give a message to her father, she said: "I love you and I miss you." Her sister Rana also remarked, "He had so many feelings and he was very tender with all of us." <ref name="ref13">For coverage of the postwar [[CNN]] and [[Al-Arabiya]] interviews with Saddam's daughters, see [http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2003-08-01-saddams-daughters_x.htm]</ref>

In 2005 a [[GQ]] interview [http://men.style.com/gq/fashion/landing?id=content_2544] of four American National Guardsmen from Pennsylvania whose job was to guard Saddam after his capture quoted Saddam as saying, "Reagan and me, good... The Clinton, he's okay. The Bush father, son, no good." According to the soldiers Reagan was a favorite topic of Saddam's. Saddam told them about how Reagan sold him "planes and helicopters" and "basically funded his war against Iran." Saddam told them that he "wish things were like when [[Ronald Reagan]] was still president."

[[Detroit]] awarded Saddam Hussein a [[key to the city]] in 1980, because of contributions to several local Detroit Catholic Churches, in particular a $170,000 donation to a church that was in heavy debt [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/26/iraq/main546287.shtml].

==Government positions held by Saddam Hussein==
*Head of Security (Mukhabarat) 1963
*Vice President of the Republic of Iraq 1968 - 1979
*President of the Republic of Iraq 1979 - 2003
*Prime Minister of the Republic of Iraq (various non-continuous dates)
*Head of the Revolutionary Command Council 1979 - 2003

==Notes==
<div class="references-small"><references /></div>

==References==
*PBS Frontline (2003), "The survival of Saddam: secrets of his life and leadership: interview with Saïd K. Aburish" at [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saddam/interviews/aburish2.html]
*BBC News, [[16 October]] [[2000]] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/974987.stm] -->
*Panorama, BBC One [[March 28]] [[2004]] : Saddam on the run : Produced by Chris Woods and Presented by Jane Corbin

==See also==
* [[Iran-Iraq War]]
* [[Baghdad International Airport]] (formerly Saddam International Airport)
* [[Human rights in Saddam's Iraq]]
* [[Operation Rockingham]]
* [[Saddam Hussein's novels]]
* [[Saddam's Trial and Iran-Iraq War]]
* [[Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda]]
* [[Saddam Hussein, Sri Lanka]]
* [[Rumours of the death of Saddam Hussein]]
* [[Category:Members of Saddam Hussein's family]]

==External links==
{{cleanup-spam}}
{{sisterlinks|Saddam Hussein}}
{{wikinewshas|a section about [[n:Saddam Hussein|Saddam Hussein]] and articles relating to this story|
*[[n:Trial of Saddam Hussein to be televised|Trial of Saddam Hussein to be televised]]
*[[n:Saddam Hussein formally charged with the killing of Shia Muslims|Saddam Hussein formally charged with the killing of Shia Muslims]]
:''[[n:Saddam Hussein|More...]]''
}}

*[http://www.american-interrupted.com/media/video/Baghdad%20Parade%20Grounds.wmv Video of Saddam's parade field and saber sculptures modeled after his own hands]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1100529.stm BBC Saddam Hussein profile]
*[http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/asia/irak/saddam_hussein Extended biography (in Spanish) by CIDOB Foundation]
*[http://news8.thdo.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/news/newsid_2850000/2850949.stm Saddam and Rumsfeld Picture from BBC World]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5328592.stm The 2005 CIA report concluding that Saddam "had no link to al-Qaeda"]
*[http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/currentawareness/saddam.php Saddam Hussein legal news and resources], [[JURIST]]
*[http://www.freearabvoice.org/Iraq/Report/index.htm The Iraqi Resistance Site] edited by the [[Holocaust denial|Holocaust denier]] Ibrahim Alloush[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP97605] (includes an archive of Saddam Hussein's recent audiotape recordings posted by the London-based "Free Arab Voice")
*[http://www.libreriapaidos.com/libros/6/987123115.asp ''Saddam Hussein: Revolución y Resistencia en Iraq'' ("''Saddam Hussein: Revolution and Resistance In Iraq''")] Spanish translation of unpublished texts of Saddam Hussein by the argentinian human rights association "[[Madres de Plaza de Mayo]]"[http://www.madres.org/periodico/2006/mayo/mayo.asp#LAS%20MADRES%20EN%20LA%2032%20FERIA%20DEL%20LIBRO:] (ISBN 987-1231-15-6)
*[http://www.husseinandterror.com/ Saddam Hussein's Philanthropy of Terror] by Deroy Murdock (Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace at Stanford University)
*[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+iq0023) Saddam Hussein Biography]
*[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/special/iraq/index.htm The Saddam Hussein Sourcebook] — Provided by the ''[[National Security Archive]]''
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/7/newsid_3014000/3014623.stm 1981: Israel bombs Baghdad nuclear reactor]
*[http://www.strategypage.com/iraqwar/hamaza/default.asp Tammuz I, Iraqi nuclear reactor]
*[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iraq/facility/osiraq.htm Osiraq]
*[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iraq/cw/az120103.html Iraqi Scientist Reports on German, Other Help for Iraq Chemical Weapons Program]
*[http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/11/27/sproject.irq.kurds/ CNN Report on Iraqi Kurds]
*[http://www.cnn.com/interactive/us/0208/timeline.chemical.weapons/content.6.html CNN map of chemical weapon attacks against Iraqi Kurd population]
*[http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/dec2003/a121403a.html American Forces Press Service announcement of Saddam Hussein's capture]
*[http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forumy/2005/03/trying-saddam-hussein-go-international.php Trying Saddam Hussein: Go International or Not?], [[JURIST]]
*[http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/12/14/sprj.nirq.saddam.future/index.html Saddam to face Iraqi war crimes tribunal, and some of his comments]
*[http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/S/SADDAMS_GUARDS?SITE=CARDB&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&SECTION=HOME Saddam Insists He's Still Iraq President] News From The Associated Press
*[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/801925.cms Saddam a hero: Daughter] (''The Times of India'', [[August 3]] [[2004]])
*[http://www.iraqitruthproject.com/ Weapon of Mass Destruction The Murderous Reign of Saddam Hussein]
*[http://husseinandterror.com/ Saddam Hussein's Philanthropy of Terror]
*[http://www.mediaresearch.org/rm/cyber/2004/binladen061704/segment1.ram ABC News video report] by Sheila MacVicar, [[January 14]] [[1999]] on RealOne Player reporting links to al Qaeda.
*[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,187923,00.html Saddam on the Stand (FOX News)].
*[http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraq-20040623.htm The Clinton Administration's Public Case Against Saddam Hussein], by New American Century
*[http://www.documen.tv/asset/Saddam_Hussein_film.html Documentary 52': Saddam Hussein]
*[http://gyanguru.org/2006/11/05/death-penalty-for-saddam-hussein/ Saddam Hussein Given Death penalty BBC news]
*[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/11/20061105-1.html President's Statement on the Saddam Hussein Verdict] - U.S. [[White House]]
*[http://www.omedia.org/Show_Article.asp?DynamicContentID=1944&MenuID=727&ThreadID=1014017 Will The Gallows Remain Empty…]

{{start box}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]] |
title=[[President of Iraq]] |
years=[[July 16]], [[1979]] — [[April 9]], [[2003]] |
after= Position Abolished [[Coalition Provisional Authority]] with [[Jay Garner]] as Director of [[Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance]]
}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]] |
title=[[Prime Minister of Iraq]] |
years= 1979-1991|
after=[[Sa'dun Hammadi]]
}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai]] |
title=[[Prime Minister of Iraq]] |
years= 1994-2003|
after=[[Iyad Allawi]]
}}
{{end box}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Saddam Hussein
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (full name); ṣaddām ḥusayn ʿabdu-l-maǧīd al-tikrītī (strict transliteration); صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي (Arabic)
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=President of Iraq
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[April 28]], [[1937]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Iraq]]
|DATE OF DEATH= [[December]] [[2006]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}

[[Category:Saddam Hussein| ]]
[[Category:Presidents of Iraq|Saddam Hussein]]
[[Category:Cold War leaders|Saddam Hussein]]
[[Category:Iraqi anti-communists|Saddam Hussein]]
[[Category:Cairo University alumni|Saddam Hussein]]
[[Category:Muslim politicians|Saddam Hussein]]
[[Category:Iraqi polygamists|Saddam Hussein]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to death|Saddam Hussein]]
[[Category:1937 births|Saddam Hussein]]
[[Category:Living people|Saddam Hussein]]

[[ar:صدام حسين]]
[[bs:Saddam Hussein]]
[[br:Saddam Hussein]]
[[bg:Саддам Хюсеин]]
[[ca:Saddam Hussein]]
[[cs:Saddám Husajn]]
[[cy:Saddam Hussein]]
[[da:Saddam Hussein]]
[[de:Saddam Hussein]]
[[et:Şaddām Husayn]]
[[es:Saddam Husein]]
[[eo:Saddam Hussein]]
[[eu:Saddam Hussein]]
[[fa:صدام حسین]]
[[fr:Saddam Hussein]]
[[gl:Saddam Hussein]]
[[ko:사담 후세인]]
[[hr:Saddam Hussein]]
[[io:Saddam Hussein]]
[[id:Saddam Hussein]]
[[it:Saddam Hussein]]
[[he:סדאם חוסיין]]
[[ka:ჰუსეინი, სადამ]]
[[ku:Sedam Huseyîn]]
[[lv:Sadams Huseins]]
[[lb:Saddam Hussein]]
[[lt:Sadamas Huseinas]]
[[li:Saddam Hoessein]]
[[ms:Saddam Hussein]]
[[nl:Saddam Hoessein]]
[[ja:サッダーム・フセイン]]
[[no:Saddam Hussein]]
[[nn:Saddam Hussein]]
[[pl:Saddam Husajn]]
[[pt:Saddam Hussein]]
[[ro:Saddam Hussein]]
[[ru:Хусейн, Саддам ат-Тикрити]]
[[simple:Saddam Hussein]]
[[sl:Sadam Husein]]
[[sr:Садам Хусеин]]
[[sh:Sadam Husein]]
[[fi:Saddam Hussein]]
[[sv:Saddam Hussein]]
[[ta:சதாம் உசேன்]]
[[th:ซัดดัม ฮุสเซน]]
[[vi:Saddam Hussein]]
[[tr:Saddam Hüseyin]]
[[ur:صدام حسین]]
[[yi:סאדאם כוסעין]]
[[zh:萨达姆·侯赛因]]

Wikipedia:Notability (people)

2005-05-17T16:37:43Z

Fuzzy6988: /* Deceased People */

{{proposed}}
{{shortcut|[[WP:BIO]] [[WP:PROF]]}}

Like any encyclopedia, Wikipedia includes biographies of important historical figures and people involved in current events. Even though [[meta:wiki_is_not_paper|wiki is not paper]], there are some criteria for inclusion.

See also [[Wikipedia:Importance]].

== Deceased People ==

== People still alive ==
Biographies on the following people may be included in Wikipedia. This list is not all-inclusive. There are numerous biographies on Wikipedia on people who do not fall under any of these categories, and no intention to delete them all.

* Political figures holding statewide or nationwide elected office
* Major local political figures who receive significant press coverage
* Widely recognized entertainment personalities and opinion makers
* Well known entertainment figures, such as TV/movie producers, directors, writers, and actors who have starring roles, or a series of minor roles, in commercially distributed work watched by a total audience of 5,000 or more
* Published authors, editors, and photographers who have written books with an audience of 5,000 or more or in periodicals with a circulation of 5,000 or more
* Recording musicians who have sold more than 5,000 albums, CDs, or similar recordings
* Painters, sculptors, architects, engineers, and other professionals whose work is recognized as exceptional and likely to become a part of the enduring historical record of that field
* Persons achieving renown or notoriety for their involvement in newsworthy events

== Alternative tests ==

Other tests for inclusion that have been proposed include:

* ''The professor test'' -- If the individual is more well known and more published than an average college professor, they can and should be included.
* ''[[wikipedia:Verifiability|Verifiability]]'' -- Can all information in the article be independently verified now? (some say) 10 years from now?
* ''Expandability'' -- Will the article ever be more than a hideous [[wikipedia:stub|stub]]? Could the [[wikipedia:perfect article|perfect article]] be written on this subject?
*''100 year test'' -- In 100 years time will anyone without a direct connection to the individual find the article useful?
* ''[[Wikipedia:Autobiography|Autobiography]]'' -- Has this been written by the subject or someone closely involved with the subject?
* ''[[Wikipedia:Informative|Informative]]'' -- Is the information interesting, informative, useful and non-obvious?
* ''[[wikipedia:Google Test|Google Test]]'' -- Does the subject get lots of hits on [http://www.google.com/ Google] or another well known search mechanism?
* [[Wikipedia:Guide to writing better articles#Check your fiction|Check your fiction]] -- Must-read advice for creating biographies of fictional characters.

See also [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography]], [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (biographies)]] and the "Wikipedia is not a biographical dictionary" section of [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary]].

For a few specific instances, see [[Wikipedia:Criteria for inclusion of biographies/cases]].

''See also:'' [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Music/Vanity Band Guidelines]]

[[Category:Wikipedia policy thinktank|{{PAGENAME}}]]

[[de:Wikipedia:Themendiskussion/Biografie]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:成為維基百科傳記的標準]]