Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Ocean Beach People's Organic Food Market

2024-11-14T09:16:11Z

Geraki: removed Category:Co-op (Wikipedia); added Category:Cooperatives using HotCat

{{Short description|Food coop}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Ocean Beach People's Organic Food Market
| type = Cooperative Food Store
| founded = 1972
| founder = Willie Groome, Diane Miller, Davis Hayden
| hq_location = Ocean Beach, San Diego, CA, USA
| products = Organic Food, Local Food, Consumer Goods
| revenue = $10,000,000 (2021)
| members = 14,000 (2022)
| website = https://www.obpeoplesfood.coop/
}}
'''The Ocean Beach People’s Organic Food Market''' is a [[List of food cooperatives|food cooperative]] located at 4765 Voltaire street in the [[Ocean Beach, San Diego|Ocean Beach community of San Diego]], California.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Marjorie |date=September 24, 1984 |title=People's: Alternative Store Continues to Thrive After Others Vanish |pages=SD A1 |work=Los Angeles Times |department=San Diego Section}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Porter |first=Doug |date=September 29, 2009 |title=The OB Peoples Food Coop |work=OB Rag |url=https://obrag.org/2009/09/the-ob-peoples-food-coop/ |access-date=April 15, 2022}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Duvall |first=Eric |date=April 13, 2021 |title=A Page from History: Ocean Beach's little co-op that could |url=https://www.pointloma-obmonthly.com/news/story/2021-04-13/a-page-from-history-ocean-beachs-little-co-op-that-could |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=Pt. Loma-OB Monthly}}</ref> It was previously called the Ocean Beach People’s Food Store. People’s started as a retail store at 4859 Voltaire Street, selling natural foods and household products. The current co-op is member-owned, but open to the public, and focuses on offering locally grown organic food.

== History ==

[[File:OB Peoples Food Store San Diego.jpg|thumb|alt=person in truck passing boxes to people on the ground|Delivering produce to the Ocean Beach People's Food Store in San Diego, California. Deborah Menkart in the truck and Jimbo Someck in the Lehigh t-shirt, both of whom worked with the store. Early 1970s. Date provided in the field below is an estimate.]]

People’s Food originated from a food buying club operating in Ocean Beach in 1971 that was eventually located at the Ocean Beach Free School.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Green |first=Frank |date=September 6, 2006 |title=Just a Natural Leader |pages=C1 |work=San Diego Union Tribune}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> In August 1972, three of the buying club members decided to open a store front at 4859 Voltaire Street. The initial markup was 20% and designed to only cover the cost of operating the store, paying no salaries or wages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Helvarg |first=David |date=December 7, 2000 |title=Freaks, Uppity Women, and Politicos: An Ocean Beach Reunion |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2000/dec/07/freaks-uppity-women-and-politicos-ocean-beach-reun/ |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=San Diego Reader}}</ref> As the store volume increased, the markup of essential items such as milk and eggs was decreased to 10%. By 6 months, the store "was grossing $11,000 a month".<ref name=":0" /> Initially, the three original people ran the store with occasional help from students of the Ocean Beach Free School which operated across the street from the store. However, as the volume of customers increased, they enlisted community volunteers who received food credit for their work.<ref name=":2" /> Next, more managers were added, and in 1973, the store itself expanded by moving to a larger building at 4765 Voltaire Street. In 1985, the store converted to a food cooperative.

== Current status ==
In 2002, People’s food built a new larger store at the 4765 Voltaire Street location. This store was one of three stores in San Diego cited by the San Diego Union Tribune as having "high marks for energy efficiency."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jarmusch |first=Ann |date=June 24, 2001 |title=Designs with Utility |work=San Diego Union Tribune}}</ref> In 2018, People's was chosen to be visited by "18 delegates from China" to learn more about food quality in America and the "green" philosophy of the co-op movement.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January–February 2018 |title=Chinese Delegates visit San Diego Co-op |pages=13 |work=Cooperative Grocer}}</ref> Currently the store has about 14,000 members-owners and is currently a member of the [[National Co+op Grocers|National Cooperative Grocers Association]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2022 |title=Ocean Beach People's Organic Food Co-op |url=https://www.grocery.coop/coops/ocean-beach-peoples-organic-food-co-op |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=COOP; National Co+op Grocers (NCG)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2022 |title=People's History |url=https://www.obpeoplesfood.coop/peoples-history |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=Ocean Beach People's Organic Food Market}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Food retailers of the United States]]
[[Category:Food cooperatives in the United States]]
[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Cooperatives]]
[[Category:Cooperatives based in California]]

Template:Location map/doc

2024-11-08T10:09:48Z

Geraki: page deleted

{{Documentation subpage}}
{{High-use| 599433 }}
{{Lua|Module:Location map}}
{{Location map|USA
|relief= 1
|width= 320
|lat= 44.6
|long= -110.5
|caption= Location of [[Yellowstone]] in the north-western United States of America
}}

The '''location map''' template generates a location map as a composite image, consisting of a map and a location mark. Optionally, a label and caption can be added.

==Usage==
Map image files are not accessed directly, but by using an auxiliary map definition. For example, if the first unnamed parameter supplied to this template is {{code|Japan}}, then this template uses the entry for Japan in [[Module:Location map/data/Japan]] if it exists, which contains the data needed to generate the composite image.

===Please note===
*Assigning {{em|any}} value to the parameter {{para|caption}} causes the map to be displayed as a thumbnail image. If this parameter is not declared, the template will generate a default caption.
*The coordinates are not checked. If the coordinates specified fall outside the area covered by the map image, the location mark will not display inside the image; however, it may be displayed somewhere else on the page.
*Do not use {{kbd|px}} when setting the map image size. Using {{para|width|200px}} will usually cause a very large map to be displayed. Use {{para|width|200}}.
*To create a map with more than one location mark, use either {{tl|Location map+}} or {{tl|Location map many}}.

==Blank templates==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Blank templates
|-
! scope="col" | Decimal degrees
! scope="col" | Degrees, minutes, seconds
! scope="col" | With {{tl|Coord}}<small><br>(usually for infoboxes)</small>
! scope="col" | [[Wikidata]]
|-
|style="vertical-align:top;"|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
{{Location map|{{{1}}}
|width =
|float =
|border =
|caption =
|alt =
|relief =
|AlternativeMap=
|overlay_image =
|label =
|label_size =
|position =
|background =
|mark =
|marksize =
|link =
|lat_deg =
|lon_deg =
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
|style="vertical-align:top;"|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
{{Location map|{{{1}}}
|width =
|float =
|border =
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|alt =
|relief =
|AlternativeMap=
|overlay_image =
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|label_size =
|position =
|background =
|mark =
|marksize =
|link =
|lat_deg =
|lat_min =
|lat_sec =
|lat_dir =
|lon_deg =
|lon_min =
|lon_sec =
|lon_dir =
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
|style="vertical-align:top;"|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
{{Location map|{{{1}}}
|width =
|float =
|border =
|caption =
|alt =
|relief =
|AlternativeMap=
|overlay_image =
|label =
|label_size =
|position =
|background =
|mark =
|marksize =
|coordinates=
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
|style="vertical-align:top;"|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
{{Location map|{{{1}}}
|width =
|float =
|border =
|caption =
|alt =
|relief =
|AlternativeMap=
|overlay_image =
|label =
|label_size =
|position =
|background =
|mark =
|marksize =
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
|}

==Parameters==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|+ style=background-color:lightblue| Parameters
|-
! scope="col" | Parameter kind
! scope="col" | Parameter
! scope="col" | Description
|-
| rowspan="11" | Map display
|{{code|{{{1}}}}}
|'''Required''' – use the name of the map as the first unnamed parameter; for example, specifying {{code|England}} will use the values for England in [[Module:Location map/data/England]]. See the [[#Examples|examples]] below. Multiple maps can be shown by providing a list of map names separated by {{kbd|#}}. For multiple maps, the first is shown by default. A reader can select the others with radio buttons.
|-
|{{code|width}}
|Determines the width of the map in [[pixel]]s, overriding any default values; do not include {{kbd|px}}. For example, use {{para|width|300}}, not {{para|width|300px}}.
|-
|{{code|default_width}}
|Determines the default width of the map in pixels, intended for use by templates, e.g. place infoboxes; the default value is 240. Do not include {{kbd|px}}. This value will be multiplied by the {{code|defaultscale}} parameter specified in individual map templates, if it exists, in order to achieve an appropriate size for vertical maps. For example, if {{para|default_width|200}} is given, a map of Thailand will be displayed with a width of 200×0.57=114 pixels (as specified in [[Module:Location map/data/Thailand]]).
|-
|{{code|max_width}}
|The maximum size of the map in pixels. Intended for use by templates, e.g. place infoboxes. Do not include {{kbd|px}}.
|-
|{{code|float}}
|Specifies the position of the map on the page; valid values are {{code|left}}, {{code|right}}, {{code|center}} and {{code|none}}. The default is {{code|right}}.
|-
|{{code|border}}
|Specifies the colour of the 1px map border; the default is {{code|lightgrey}} (see [[web colors]]). If set to {{code|none}}, no border will be generated. This parameter is seldom used. Special value: {{code|infobox}}.
|-
|{{code|caption}}
|The text of a caption to be displayed below the map; specifying a caption will cause the map to be displayed with a frame. If {{para|caption}} is defined but not assigned a value, the map will not be framed and no caption will be displayed. If {{para|caption}} is not defined, the map will not be framed and a default caption will be generated. The default caption is created from the {{para|label}} parameter (or the current page name if {{para|label}} not defined) and the {{para|name}} parameter from the map definition template. Multiple captions can be shown when separated by {{kbd|##}} (that's two).
|-
|{{code|alt}}
|Alt text for map; used by [[screen reader]]s. See [[WP:ALT]].
|-
|{{code|relief}}
|Any non-blank value ({{code|1}}, {{code|yes}}, etc.) will cause the template to display the map specified in the map definition template as {{code|image1}}, which is usually a [[Cartographic relief depiction|relief map]]; see the example at [[Template:Location map+/relief|Location map+/relief]]. Other numerical values such as {{code|2}} or {{code|3}} will display {{code|image2}} or {{code|image3}}, if those images are defined.
|-
|{{code|AlternativeMap}}
|Allows the use of an alternative map; the image must have the same edge coordinates as the location map template. See the example at [[Template:Location map+/AlternativeMap|Location map+/AlternativeMap]].
|-
|{{code|overlay_image}}
|Allows an overlay to be superimposed on the map; this parameter is seldom used. See the example at [[Template:Location map+/overlay|Location map+/overlay]].
|-
| rowspan="17" | Label and mark parameters<ref group="note">If no coordinates are specified, the template will try to get them from the page's [[Wikidata]] item.</ref>
|{{code|label}}
|The text of the label to display next to the identifying mark; a [[H:WIKILINK|wikilink]] can be used. You can enclose the label inside of {{tl|nowrap}} if you want to make sure that it stays on a single line. The default (if not specified) is no label, just the marker.
|-
|{{code|label_size}}
|The font size to use for the label, given as a percentage of the normal font size (<100=smaller, >100=larger); the default size is 90. Do not include {{kbd|%}}. For example, use {{para|label_size|80}}, not {{para|label_size|80%}}. If set to {{code|0}}, the label is only displayed when the user hovers over the mark.
|-
|{{code|label_width}}
|The width to use for the label, given as an [[Em (typography)#CSS|em size]]; the default width is 6. Do not include {{kbd|em}}. For example, use {{para|label_width|7}}, not {{para|label_width|7em}}.
|-
|{{code|position}}
|The position of the label relative to the identifying mark; valid values are {{code|left}}, {{code|right}}, {{code|top}},{{code|bottom}} and {{code|none}}. This defaults to either {{code|left}} or {{code|right}}, depending on the coordinates of the marker and its position relative to the right border of the map image. When {{para|position|none}}, any defined label will not be displayed with the mark, but it will be used to create the default caption.
|-
|{{code|background}}
|The background colour to use for the label; see [[Web colors]]. The default is no background colour, which shows the map image behind the label.
|-
|{{code|mark}}
|The name of an image file to display as the identifying mark; the default is [[:File:Red pog.svg|Red pog.svg]] ([[File:Red pog.svg|8px]]). See examples at [[Commons:Location markers]] and [[Commons:Category:Map icons]].
|-
|{{code|marksize}}
|The size of the identifying mark in pixels; the default is 8. Do not include {{kbd|px}}. For example, use {{para|marksize|10}}, not {{para|marksize|10px}}.
|-
|{{code|link}}
|Specifies a [[H:WIKILINK|wikilink]] which can be followed if the reader clicks on the identifying mark; do not include {{kbd|[[]]}} (double square brackets). For example, use {{para|link|Yellowstone National Park}}, not {{para|link|[{{Zwsp}}[Yellowstone National Park]]}}.
|-
|{{code|coordinates}}
|The coordinates in {{tl|Coord}} format.<br><small>Whilst {{em|not}} recommended, coordinates can also be entered in decimal degrees (e.g. {{code|48.067°N 12.863°E}}); you shouldn't need to do this, though.</small>
|-
|{{code|lat_deg}}
|The degrees of [[latitude]]; this value can be specified using [[decimal degrees]], and when this format is used, minutes and seconds should not be specified.
|-
|{{code|lat_min}}
|The minutes of latitude.
|-
|{{code|lat_sec}}
|The seconds of latitude; not usually necessary.
|-
|{{code|lat_dir}}
|{{code|N}} for north (default value), or {{code|S}} for south of the [[Equator]]; other values will be disregarded. Not required if using signed decimal degrees, i.e. negative numbers for southern latitude.
|-
|{{code|lon_deg}}
|The degrees of [[longitude]]; this value can be specified using [[decimal degrees]], and when this format is used, minutes and seconds should not be specified.
|-
|{{code|lon_min}}
|The minutes of longitude.
|-
|{{code|lon_sec}}
|The seconds of longitude; not usually necessary.
|-
|{{code|lon_dir}}
|{{code|E}} for east (default value), or {{code|W}} for west of the [[IERS Reference Meridian|Prime Meridian]]; other values will be disregarded. Not required if using signed decimal degrees, i.e. negative numbers for western longitude.
|}

<references group="note"/>

==Available maps==
[[File:template location map.svg|thumb|360px|Location map templates as of 5 Nov 2014. To find the best location map template covering a given place, open the SVG file in a web browser and use arrow keys and zoom function. Hovering over a region shows its name and highlights it. Clicking it loads its page.]]
There are over 1,000 maps available. To find other maps:
*[[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Location map/data/]] – checked before a map template is searched for; new maps should be created here rather than creating new templates
*[[Template:Location map/List]] – some of the items listed here are redirects, and a few templates may not function as expected
:* [[Template:Location map/List/sorted]] - a list sorted geographically, which may be more useful
*[[:Category:Location map templates]] – templates sorted by category
*[[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Location map/Info]] – a search that might help
*[[Special:Prefixindex/Template:Location map]] – another search that might help

==Creating new map definitions==
See [[Template:Location map/Creating a new map definition|Creating a new map definition]].

==Examples==
===Default width and float, no label, default caption (decimal coordinates)===
Note: when a label is not specified, the default caption is "Page name (Map name)", so if this example was viewed on a page named <u>Pag</u>, the default caption would be "Pag (Croatia)". Likewise, on a page named <u>Pag (town)</u>, the default caption would be "Pag (town) (Croatia)".
{{Location map|Croatia
|alt = Pag is on an island.
|lat_deg = 44.44
|lon_deg = 15.05
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style=width:40em>
{{Location map|Croatia
|alt = Pag is on an island.
|lat_deg = 44.44
|lon_deg = 15.05
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{clear}}

===Map with the default caption (degrees/minutes)===
Note: when a label is specified, the default caption is "Label text (Map name)", seen as "Pag (Croatia)" in this example.
{{Location map|Croatia
|width = 200
|float = right
|alt = Pag is on an island.
|label = Pag
|position = right
|mark = Green pog.svg 
|lat_deg = 44 |lat_min = 26 
|lon_deg = 15 |lon_min = 3 
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style=width:40em>
{{Location map|Croatia
|width = 200
|float = right
|alt = Pag is on an island.
|label = Pag
|position = right
|mark = Green pog.svg 
|lat_deg = 44 |lat_min = 26 
|lon_deg = 15 |lon_min = 3 
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{clear}}

When {{para|position|none}}, the label text is not displayed next to the mark, but is still used in the default caption and default alt text.
{{Location map|Croatia
|width = 200
|float = right
|label = Pag
|position = none
|mark = Green pog.svg 
|lat_deg = 44 |lat_min = 26 
|lon_deg = 15 |lon_min = 3 
}}
<syntaxhighlight style=width:40em lang="wikitext" highlight="5">
{{Location map|Croatia
|width = 200
|float = right
|label = Pag
|position = none
|mark = Green pog.svg 
|lat_deg = 44 |lat_min = 26 
|lon_deg = 15 |lon_min = 3 
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{clear}}

===Mark outside of map border, no caption===
{{Location map|Croatia
|width = 200
|float = right
|caption =
|alt = Rimini in Italy (outside the map)
|lat_deg = 44.05
|lon_deg = 12.57 
|outside = 1 
|label = Rimini
|position = right
}}
<syntaxhighlight style=width:40em lang="wikitext" highlight="7-8">
{{Location map|Croatia
|width = 200
|float = right
|caption =
|alt = Rimini in Italy (outside the map)
|lat_deg = 44.05
|lon_deg = 12.57 
|outside = 1 
|label = Rimini
|position = right
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{clear}}

===Caption, label_size, background, mark, marksize===
{{Location map|Italy
|width = 200
|float = right
|caption = Location of Rimini in Italy
|alt = Map of Italy with mark showing location of Rimini
|label = Rimini
|label_size = 130 
|position = right
|background = #ffaa00aa 
|mark = Orange_pog.svg
|marksize = 12 
|lat_deg = 44.05
|lon_deg = 12.578
}}
<syntaxhighlight style=width:40em lang="wikitext" highlight="7,10-11">
{{Location map|Italy
|width = 200
|float = right
|caption = Location of Rimini in Italy
|alt = Map of Italy with mark showing location of Rimini
|label = Rimini
|label_size = 130 
|position = bottom
|background = #ffaa00aa 
|mark = Orange_pog.svg
|marksize = 12 
|lat_deg = 44.05
|lon_deg = 12.57
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{clear}}

{{anchor|Using Alternative Map}}

===AlternativeMap parameter===
{{Location map|Italy
|AlternativeMap = Italy relief location map.jpg
|width = 200
|float = right
|caption = Location of Rome in Italy
|alt = Map of Italy with mark showing location of Rome
|label = Rome
|lat_deg = 41.9
|lon_deg = 12.5
}}
<syntaxhighlight style=width:40em lang="wikitext" highlight="2">
{{Location map|Italy
|AlternativeMap = Italy relief location map.jpg
|width = 200
|float = right
|caption = Location of Rome in Italy
|alt = Map of Italy with mark showing location of Rome
|label = Rome
|lat_deg = 41.9
|lon_deg = 12.5
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{clear}}

{{anchor|Relief}}

===Relief parameter===
When {{para|relief}} has no value, the module defined {{code|image}} is shown. Numerical values {{code|1}} to {{code|99}} will show {{code|image1}} to {{code|image99}}. Any other value will show {{code|image1}}.

The following example also demonstrates automatic positioning of label to the left due to the far right position of the mark.
{{Location map|Africa
|relief = yes
|caption = Location of [[Beyla]] in Africa
|label = Bandar Beyla
|label_width = 9
|lat = 9.5
|long = 50.8
}}
<syntaxhighlight style=width:40em lang="wikitext" highlight="2">
{{Location map|Africa
|relief = yes
|caption = Location of [[Beyla]] in Africa
|label = Bandar Beyla
|label_width = 9
|lat = 9.5
|long = 50.8
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{clear}}

The second relief map from [[Module:Location map/data/Africa]] can be used by setting {{para|relief|2}}
{{Location map|Africa
|relief = 2
|caption = Location of Beyla on a simulated [[land cover]] map of Africa
|label = Bandar Beyla
|label_width = 9
|lat = 9.5
|long = 50.8
}}
<syntaxhighlight style=width:40em lang="wikitext" highlight="2">
{{Location map|Africa
|relief = 2
|caption = Location of Beyla on a simulated [[land cover]] map of Africa
|label = Bandar Beyla
|label_width = 9
|lat = 9.5
|long = 50.8
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{clear}}

{{anchor|Alternative style of map}}

===User selection of multiple maps===
{{Location map|UK Scotland#UK
|relief = 1
|width = 180
|float = right
|caption = Lockerbie in Scotland, UK
|alt = Lockerbie is in southern Scotland.
|label = Lockerbie
|mark = Blue_pog.svg
|marksize = 9
|lat_deg = 55 |lat_min = 07 |lat_sec = 16 |lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 03 |lon_min = 21 |lon_sec = 19 |lon_dir = W
}}
<syntaxhighlight style=width:40em lang="wikitext" highlight="1">
{{Location map|UK Scotland#UK
|relief = 1
|width = 180
|float = right
|caption = Lockerbie in Scotland, UK
|alt = Lockerbie is in southern Scotland.
|label = Lockerbie
|mark = Blue_pog.svg
|marksize = 9
|lat_deg = 55 |lat_min = 07 |lat_sec = 16 |lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 03 |lon_min = 21 |lon_sec = 19 |lon_dir = W
}}
</syntaxhighlight>

{{Clear}}
====Multiple selectable maps in floating box====

Template such as [[Template:Infobox settlement]] display the selectable radio buttons underneath the location map.
The following code utilizes [[Template:Stack]] to achieve a similar result.

{{stack begin}}
<div style="background:white; border:1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding:2px; align:center; text-align:left; width:260; position:relative;">
{{Location map|Poland#Podlaskie Voivodeship#Europe#Baltic Sea#NATO
|relief = Yes
|width = 260
|default_width =
|float =
|caption = The [[Suwałki Gap]] is named after the city of [[Suwałki]] (marked by the blue dot).
|alt = The city of Suwałki
|label = Suwałki
|link = Suwałki
|position =
|mark = Blue_pog.svg
|marksize = 6
|coordinates = {{coord|54|05|56|N|22|55|43|E|region:PL_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|border = infobox
|background =
}}
</div>
{{stack end}}
<syntaxhighlight style=width:70em lang="wikitext" highlight="1-2, 19-20">
{{stack begin}}
<div style="background:white; border:1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding:2px; align:center; text-align:left; width:260; position:relative;">
{{Location map|Poland#Podlaskie Voivodeship#Europe#Baltic Sea#NATO
|relief = Yes
|width = 260
|default_width =
|float =
|caption = The [[Suwałki Gap]] is named after the city of [[Suwałki]] (marked by the blue dot).
|alt = The city of Suwałki
|label = Suwałki
|link = Suwałki
|position =
|mark = Blue_pog.svg
|marksize = 6
|coordinates = {{coord|54|05|56|N|22|55|43|E|region:PL_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|border = infobox
|background =
}}
</div>
{{stack end}}
</syntaxhighlight>

===Map that crosses 180° meridian===
{{Category see also|Location map modules crossing the 180th meridian}}

[[Module:Location map/data/Russia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]] is an example of a map that crosses the [[180th meridian]]. To the west of 180° in the [[Eastern Hemisphere]] is [[Pevek]], at 170°17′E [[longitude]]. To the east of 180° in the [[Western Hemisphere]] is [[Uelen]], at 169°48′W longitude.

{{Location map
| Russia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
| float = right
| width = 250
| caption = [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]
| label = Pevek
| position = bottom
| background = lightgreen
| mark = Locator_Dot.png
| marksize = 7
| coordinates = {{coord|69|42|N|170|17|E}}
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="width: 30em">
{{Location map
| Russia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
| float = right
| width = 250
| caption = [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]
| label = Pevek
| position = bottom
| background = lightgreen
| mark = Locator_Dot.png
| marksize = 7
| coordinates = {{coord|69|42|N|170|17|E}}
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{clear}}

{{Location map
| Russia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
| float = right
| width = 250
| caption = [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]
| label = Uelen
| position = bottom
| background = lightgreen
| mark = Locator_Dot.png
| marksize = 7
| coordinates = {{coord|66|09|N|169|48|W}}
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="width: 30em">
{{Location map
| Russia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
| float = right
| width = 250
| caption = [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]
| label = Uelen
| position = bottom
| background = lightgreen
| mark = Locator_Dot.png
| marksize = 7
| coordinates = {{coord|66|09|N|169|48|W}}
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{clear}}

==Template data==
{{Collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}}
{{TemplateData header|noheader=1}}
<templatedata>
{
"description": "This template places a location mark on a map.",
"params": {
"1": {
"label": "Map name(s)",
"type": "string",
"required": true,
"description": "The name of the map to be used; multiple maps can be provided as a list separated by \"#\"."
},
"width": {
"label": "Map width",
"type": "number",
"description": "Determines the width of the map in pixels, overriding any default values; do not include \"px\". For example, use \"width=300\", not \"width=300px\"."
},
"default_width": {
"label": "Default width",
"type": "number",
"description": "Determines the default width of the map in pixels, intended for use by templates, e.g. place infoboxes; the default value is 240. Do not include \"px\". This value will be multiplied by the 'defaultscale' parameter specified in individual map templates, if it exists, in order to achieve an appropriate size for vertical maps."
},
"float": {
"label": "Position",
"type": "string",
"description": "Specifies the position of the map on the page; valid values are \"left\", \"right\", \"center\" and \"none\". The default is \"right\".",
"suggestedvalues": [
"left",
"right",
"center",
"none"
],
"default": "right"
},
"border": {
"label": "Frame style",
"type": "string",
"description": "Specifies the colour of the map frame when the parameter caption is used. If set to \"none\", no border will be generated.",
"suggestedvalues": [
"none",
"infobox",
"LightGray"
]
},
"caption": {
"label": "Map caption",
"type": "string",
"description": "The text of a caption to be displayed below the map; if caption is defined but is not assigned a value, the map will not be framed and no caption will be displayed. If caption is not defined, the map will not be framed and a default caption will be generated."
},
"alt": {
"label": "Alt text",
"type": "string",
"description": "Alt text for map; used by screen readers."
},
"relief": {
"label": "Alternative map from template",
"type": "string",
"description": "Any non-blank value (\"1\", \"yes\", etc.) will cause the template to display the map specified in the map definition template as \"image1\", which is usually a relief map. If more than one relief map is defined, \"2\" will display \"image2\", and so on."
},
"AlternativeMap": {
"label": "Alternative map not from template",
"type": "string",
"description": "Allows the use of an alternative map; the image must have the same edge coordinates as the location map template."
},
"overlay_image": {
"label": "Overlay image",
"type": "string",
"description": "Allows an overlay to be superimposed on the map; this parameter is seldom used."
},
"label": {
"label": "Marker label",
"type": "string",
"description": "The text of the label to display next to the identifying mark; a wikilink can be used."
},
"label_size": {
"label": "Label size",
"type": "number",
"description": "The font size to use for the label, given as a percentage of the normal font size; do not include \"%\"."
},
"label_width": {
"label": "Label width",
"type": "number",
"description": "The width to use for the label, given as an em size; do not include \"em\"."
},
"position": {
"label": "Label position",
"type": "string",
"description": "The position of the label relative to the identifying mark; valid values are \"left\", \"right\", \"top\", \"bottom\" and \"none\". This defaults to either \"left\" or \"right\", depending on the coordinates of the marker and its position relative to the right border of the map image. When \"position=none\", any defined label will not be displayed with the mark, but it will be used to create the default caption."
},
"background": {
"label": "Label background",
"type": "string",
"description": "The background colour to use for the label."
},
"mark": {
"label": "Marker image",
"type": "string",
"description": "The name of an image file to display as the identifying mark."
},
"marksize": {
"label": "Marker size",
"type": "number",
"description": "The size of the identifying mark in pixels; do not include \"px\"."
},
"link": {
"label": "Marker link",
"type": "string",
"description": "Specifies a wikilink which can be followed if the reader clicks on the identifying mark."
},
"lat_deg": {
"label": "Latitude degrees",
"type": "number",
"required": true,
"description": "The degrees of latitude; this value can be specified using decimal degrees, and when this format is used, minutes and seconds should not be specified."
},
"lat_min": {
"label": "Latitude minutes",
"type": "number",
"description": "The minutes of latitude."
},
"lat_sec": {
"label": "Latitude seconds",
"type": "number",
"description": "The seconds of latitude."
},
"lat_dir": {
"label": "Latitude direction",
"type": "string",
"description": "\"N\" for north or \"S\" for south of the Equator; not required if using signed decimal degrees."
},
"lon_deg": {
"label": "Longitude degrees",
"type": "number",
"required": true,
"description": "The degrees of longitude; this value can be specified using decimal degrees, and when this format is used, minutes and seconds should not be specified."
},
"lon_min": {
"label": "Longitude minutes",
"type": "number",
"description": "The minutes of longitude."
},
"lon_sec": {
"label": "Longitude seconds",
"type": "number",
"description": "The seconds of longitude."
},
"lon_dir": {
"label": "Longitude direction",
"type": "string",
"description": "\"E\" for east or \"W\" for west of the Prime Meridian; not required if using signed decimal degrees."
},
"coordinates": {
"label": "Coordinates",
"description": "Coordinates, usually in {{Coord}} format; however, they can also be typed out in decimal degrees (with no spaces between \"°\" and \"N\"/\"S\"/\"E\"/\"W\").",
"example": "{{Coord|48.067|12.863}}",
"type": "string"
}
},
"paramOrder": [
"1",
"width",
"default_width",
"float",
"border",
"caption",
"alt",
"relief",
"AlternativeMap",
"overlay_image",
"label",
"label_size",
"label_width",
"position",
"background",
"mark",
"marksize",
"link",
"coordinates",
"lat_deg",
"lat_min",
"lat_sec",
"lat_dir",
"lon_deg",
"lon_min",
"lon_sec",
"lon_dir"
]
}
</templatedata>
{{Collapse bottom}}

==See also==
{{Commons|Location markers}}
{{Commons category|Map pointers}}
* [[Wikipedia:Maps for Wikipedia]], a list of mapping tools available on Wikipedia
* [[Template:Location map/Info]]

For similar examples, see the documentation at [[Template:Location map+]], as well as:
*[[Template:Location map+/relief]], an example using the {{para|relief}} parameter
*[[Template:Location map+/AlternativeMap]], an example using the {{para|AlternativeMap}} parameter
*[[Template:Location map+/overlay]], an example using the {{para|overlay_image}} parameter

Location map templates
*[[Template:Location map many]], to display up to nine (9) markers and labels
*[[Template:Location map+]], to display unlimited number of markers and labels

Other templates
*[[Template:Annotated image]], allows text notes to overlap image, allows cropping
*[[Template:Overlay]], places up to thirty (30) marker images of various choose-able kinds over a base image with optional grid and legend
*[[Template:Superimpose]], supports simple layer superimposition
*[[Template:Superimpose2]], to place up to fifty (50) image layers over one another

Infoboxes incorporating Location map – any country or region
{{Location map/doc/See also infobox templates}}

Infoboxes incorporating Location map – specific countries or regions
{{hidden|style=border:#aaa 1px solid| headerstyle = text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; background:#EEE;|List|
*[[Template:Infobox Australian place]]
*[[Template:Infobox Belgium Municipality]]
*[[Template:Infobox European Parliament constituency]]
*[[Template:Infobox frazione]] (Italy)
*[[Template:Infobox French commune]]
*[[Template:Infobox German location]]
*[[Template:Infobox Greek Dimos]]
*[[Template:Infobox Israel village]]
*[[Template:Infobox Italian comune]]
*[[Template:Infobox London station]]
*[[Template:Infobox NRHP]] (USA)
*[[Template:Infobox Pennsylvania historic site]] (USA)
*[[Template:Infobox Site of Special Scientific Interest]] (UK)
*[[Template:Infobox Tibetan Buddhist monastery]]
*[[Template:Infobox UK place]]
*[[Template:Infobox UK postcode area]]
}}

<includeonly>{{Sandbox other|
| 
[[Category:Location map templates| ]]
[[Category:Map formatting and function templates]]
}}</includeonly>

Mary Grey, Countess of Kent

2024-11-02T09:19:21Z

Geraki: removed orphan closing tag

{{Short description|English peeress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox noble
| honorific prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Countess of Kent <br> The Baroness Lucas
| succession = [[Baron Lucas|Baroness Lucas of Crudwell]]
| reign = 7 May 1663 – 1 November 1702 <br>
({{Age in years and days|1663|05|07|1702|11|01}})
| predecessor = '''''{{Color|Blue|First baroness}}'''''
| successor = [[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent|Henry Grey]]
| birth_name = Mary Lucas
| birth_date = In 17th century
| death_date = 1 November 1702
| burial_place = [[Flitton]]
| noble family = [[Baron Lucas|Lucas]] <br>
[[Grey family|Grey]] (by marriage)
| spouse = [[Anthony Grey, 11th Earl of Kent]]
| issue = {{plainlist|
* [[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent]]
* Amabella Grey}}
| father = [[John Lucas, 1st Baron Lucas of Shenfield]]
| mother = Anne Nevill}}

'''Mary Lucas, ''[[suo jure]]'' [[Baron Lucas|1st Baroness Lucas of Crudwell]]''' (died 1 November 1702), also called '''Mary Grey, Countess of Kent''', was an [[England|English]] [[Peerage|peeress]] in her own right.

== Origins ==
Mary Lucas was the only daughter of [[John Lucas, 1st Baron Lucas of Shenfield]], Essex (1606–1671) and Anne Nevill.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|pp=172}} She had a brother named John, who was born in 1633, but he died young. As a result, she was the sole heiress of her father.{{Sfn|Burke|Burke|1910|pp=1177}}

== Marriage and children ==
[[File:Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent, by Charles Jervas.jpg|thumb|[[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent]], son of Mary Lucas, 1st Baroness Lucas of Crudwell and [[Anthony Grey, 11th Earl of Kent]].]]
On 2 March 1662/1663, Mary Lucas married [[Anthony Grey, 11th Earl of Kent]]. By marriage, she became Countess of Kent.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|pp=172}} Mary and Anthony had two children:{{Sfn|Harvey|1868|pp=13–15}}

* [[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent]] (1671 – 5 tháng 6 năm 1740), married firstly to [[Jemima Grey, Duchess of Kent|Jemima Crew]], daughter of [[Thomas Crew, 2nd Baron Crew]] and Anne Airmyn, on 26 March 1695 and had eleven children; remarried to Sophia Bentinck, daughter of [[William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland]] and Jane Temple, on 24 March 1728/1729 and had two children.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1892|pp=357}}{{Sfn|Burke|Burke|1910|pp=1177}}
* Amabella Grey, did not get married.{{Sfn|Harvey|1868|pp=15}}

== ''Suo jure'' peerage ==

On 7 tháng 5 năm 1663, according to the request of [[John Lucas, 1st Baron Lucas of Shenfield]], father of the Countess of Kent, Mary was created ''[[suo jure]]'' [[Baron Lucas|Baroness Lucas of Crudwell]] by [[Charles II of England]] in the [[Peerage of England]]. This new creation was granted a special remainder to Mary's [[Heir male|heirs male]] by her husband [[Anthony Grey, 11th Earl of Kent]], and failing which, to her [[Heir male|heirs female]] ''without division''. This was a unique remainder for the [[English peerage]] as it can not fall into [[abeyance]] between female co-heiresses but is inherited by the senior co-heiress alone.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|pp=172}}

== Death and succession ==
Mary Lucas, Countess of Kent and Baroness Lucas, passed away on 1 November 1702 and was succeeded in the barony by her eldest son [[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent|Henry Grey]], who in 19 August 1702 also succeeded his father as [[Earl of Kent|12th Earl of Kent]] and was created [[Duke of Kent]] on 28 April 1710. Mary and her husband was buried at Flitton.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|pp=172}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com.vn/books/edition/Entitled/YyitDQAAQBAJ?hl=vi&gbpv=1&dq=mary+grey+1st+baroness+lucas&pg=PT538&printsec=frontcover|title=Entitled: A Critical History of the British Aristocracy|last=Bryant|first=Chris|date=2017-09-07|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4735-2551-1|pages=190|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com.vn/books/edition/Ripon_Millenary_a_Record_of_the_Festival/oJ4gAQAAMAAJ?hl=vi&gbpv=1&dq=mary+grey+1st+baroness+lucas&pg=RA3-PA270&printsec=frontcover|title=Ripon Millenary, a Record of the Festival: Also a History of the City, Arranged Under Its Wakemen and Mayors from the Year 1400|last=Harrison|first=William|date=1892|publisher=W. Harrison|pages=270|language=en}}</ref>

== Ancestry ==
{{Ahnentafel top|Ancestry of Mary Lucas, 1st Baroness Lucas{{Sfn|Walter|2004}}{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|pp=171–172}}{{Sfn|Harvey|1868|pp=13–15}}|width=100%}}
{{ahnentafel-compact5
|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
|border=1
|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #0FF;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #FCC;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #9FE;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''{{Color|Blue|Mary Lucas, 1st Baroness Lucas of Crudwell}}'''
|2= 2. [[John Lucas, 1st Baroness Lucas of Shenfield]]
|3= 3. Anne Nevill
|4= 4. Thomas Lucas
|5= 5. Elizabeth Leighton
|6= 6. Christopher Nevill
|7= 7. Mary Darcy
|8= 8. Thomas Lucas
|9= 9. Mary Fermor
|10= 10. John Leighton
|11= 11.
|12= 12. Edward Nevill, Lord Abergavenny
|13= 13.
|14= 14. Thomas Darcy of Tolleshunt
|15= 15.
|16= 16. John Lucas
|17= 17. Mary
|18= 18. John Fermor of Easton Neston
|19= 19. Maud Vaux}}
{{Ahnentafel bottom}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n171/mode/2up?view=theater|title=The Complete Peerage (Edition 1, Volume 5)|last=Cokayne|first=George Edward|date=1893}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerage04cokahrish/page/n353/mode/2up?view=theater|title=The Complete Peerage (Edition 1, Volume 4)|last=Cokayne|first=George Edward|date=1892}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-51215|title=Lucas, John, first Baron Lucas of Shenfield (1606–1671), royalist landowner|last=Walter|first=John|date=23 September 2004|website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/51215|url-status=live|access-date=2024-11-01}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com.vn/books/edition/A_Genealogical_and_Heraldic_History_of_t/INwNAQAAMAAJ?hl=vi&gbpv=1&dq=mary+grey+1st+baroness+lucas&pg=PA1177&printsec=frontcover|title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage|last=Burke|first=Bernard|last2=Burke|first2=Ashworth Peter|date=1910|publisher=Harrison & Sons|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com.vn/books/edition/The_Visitation_of_Suffolke/6BoaAAAAIAAJ?hl=vi&gbpv=1&dq=mary+grey+1st+baroness+lucas&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover|title=The Visitation of Suffolke|last=Harvey|first=William|date=1868|publisher=S. Tymms|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com.vn/books/edition/The_Court_Magazine_Monthly_Critic_and_La/I6LNAAAAMAAJ?hl=vi&gbpv=1&dq=mary+grey+1st+baroness+lucas&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover|title=The Court Magazine & Monthly Critic and Lady's Magazine: & Museum of the Belles Lettres, Music, Fine Arts, Drama, Fashions. & c. united ser|date=1836|publisher=Dobbs & Company|language=en}}

== See also ==
*[[Wrest Park]]

{{S-start}}
{{S-reg|en}}
{{S-new|creation}}
{{S-ttl| title= [[Baroness Lucas]] | years=1663–1702}}
{{S-aft| after=[[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent|Henry Grey]]}}
{{S-bef| before = Amabel Benn}}
{{S-ttl| title= [[Countess of Kent]] <br> (by marriage) | years=1662/1663–1702}}
{{S-aft| after= [[Jemima Grey, Duchess of Kent|Jemima Crew]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mary Lucas, 1st Baroness Lucas}}
[[Category:Barons Lucas]]
[[Category:Lucas family]]
[[Category:English baronesses|Lucas Mary, Baroness of]]
[[Category:Barons in the Peerage of England|Lucas Mary, Baroness of]]
[[Category:Suo jure peeresses]]
[[Category:Hereditary women peers]]
[[Category:Daughters of barons]]
[[Category:17th-century births]]
[[Category:1702 deaths]]
[[Category:Hereditary peeresses created by Charles II]]
[[Category:English countesses|Kent, Mary Grey, Countess of]]
[[Category:Grey family]]

Siege of Athens (287 BC)

2024-10-04T16:45:36Z

Geraki: another Olympiodoros

{{Short description|Siege in 287 BCE}}
{{For|similarly titled battles|Siege of Athens (disambiguation){{!}}Siege of Athens}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Athens
| image =
| caption =
| partof =
| date = 287 BC
| place = [[Athens]]
| result = Athenian and Epirote victory
| combatant1 = [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonia]]
| combatant2 = [[Athens]]
[[Epirus]]
| commander1 = [[Demetrius I of Macedon]]
| commander2 = [[Olympiodorus of Athens |Olympiodoros]]
[[Pyrrhus of Epirus|Pyrrhus]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 = |
}}

The '''siege of Athens''' lasted through 287 BC when the city was put under siege by King [[Demetrius I of Macedon]]. Athens revolted in that year against Demetrius' rule and elected [[Olympiodoros (military leader)|Olympiodorus]] as [[strategos]]. Olympiodorus raised a force among the Athenian citizens, including old men and children, and attacked the Macedonian garrison that had retreated to the fort at the Museum hill which he took with the loss of just 13 of his men.<ref name="Hammond230">Hammond ; Walbank 1988, p. 230</ref>

On receiving news of the revolt Demetrius gathered forces from the cities he still held and put Athens under siege.<ref name="Hammond231">Hammond ; Walbank 1988, p. 231</ref> The Athenians sent the philosopher [[Crates of Athens|Crates]] to negotiate with Demetrius.<ref name="Hammond231"/> In the treaty signed Demetrius received some fortresses in [[Attica]] but Athens was freed from a Macedonian garrison.<ref name="Hammond231"/> The Athenians resisted, but asked for help from [[Pyrrhus of Epirus|Pyrrhus]], king of Epirus. Pyrrhus arrived with his army behind Demetrius, forcing him to retreat. Following the victory, Pyrrhus was welcomed into the city and celebrated.

== References ==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{cite book |last1= Hammond |first1=Nicholas G.L. |last2=Walbank |first2=Frank |year=1988 |title=A History of Macedonia: 336-167 B.C. |publisher= Oxford University Press|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qpb3JdwuDQIC |page= 221|isbn=978-0-19-814815-9 }}

{{coord missing|Greece}}

[[Category:287 BC]]
[[Category:Battles involving ancient Athens|Athens -287]]
[[Category:Sieges of the Hellenistic period|Athens]]
[[Category:Battles involving Antigonid Macedon|Athens -287]]
[[Category:Ancient Attica]]
[[Category:280s BC conflicts]]
[[Category:Sieges of Athens]]
[[Category:Demetrius I Poliorcetes]]

User:Geraki/common.js

2024-10-03T13:57:38Z

Geraki: .

// importScript('User:Kephir/gadgets/rater.js'); // [[User:Kephir/gadgets/rater]]
//importScript('User:IagoQnsi/ipareader.js'); // [[User:IagoQnsi/ipareader.js]]
//importScript('User:N8wilson/AQFetcher.js'); // Linkback: [[User:N8wilson/AQFetcher.js]]
//importStylesheet('User:N8wilson/AQFetcher.css'); // Linkback: [[User:N8wilson/AQFetcher.css]]
//importStylesheet('User:N8wilson/AQFetcher-Icons.css'); // Linkback: [[User:N8wilson/AQFetcher-Icons.css]]
importScript('User:RedWarn/.js'); // Backlink: [[User:RedWarn/.js]]

Icon of Christ of Latomos

2024-09-28T15:46:39Z

Geraki: correct coordinates

{{Short description|Miraculous mosaic icon in Greece}}
{{Infobox artwork
| title = Icon of Christ of Latomos
| image =
| caption =
| other_title_1 = The Miracle of Latomos, Icon of Latomos,
[[Greek language|Greek]]: Το θαύμα του Λοτομού
| artist = Unknown
| year = 5th century
| completion_date = 5th century
| medium = Mosaic
| subject = [[Jesus Christ]] and the prophecy of [[Ezekiel]]
| city = [[Church of Hosios David]], [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|38|30|N|22|57|08.1|E|display=title}}
| italic title =
}}

The '''''Icon of Christ of Latomos''''' (or ''Latomou''), also known as the '''''Miracle of Latomos''''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Erdeljan |first1=Jelena |title=Migrations in Visual Art |last2=Germ |first2=Martin |last3=Pavičić |first3=Ivana Prijatelj |last4=Matijašić |first4=Marina Vicelja |publisher=Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade |year=2018 |isbn=978-961-06-0116-6 |location=Belgrade, Serbia |pages=175–186 |language=English |doi=10.4312/9789610601166|s2cid=158401629 }}</ref> is a 5th-century [[Byzantine mosaic]] of [[Jesus]] in the [[monastery]] of Latomos (now the [[Church of Hosios David|Church of Hosios]] [[David the Dendrite]])<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tourta |first1=Anastasia |title=Short Guide: Museum of Byzantine Culture |last2=Kourkoutidou-Nikolaidou |first2=Eftychia |publisher=Kapon Editions |year=2005 |isbn=978-9607037725 |language=English|edition=Illustrated }}</ref> in [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]], that is an [[Acheiropoieta|acheiropoieton]] (a religious image that is believed to have been made [[miracle|miraculously]]).<ref name=":0" /> The later legend of this [[mosaic]] goes back even earlier, to the late third century AD when [[Maximian]] and [[Diocletian]] reigned jointly over the [[Roman Empire]]. The ''Icon of Christ of Latomos'' is one of the lesser-known acheiropoieta ([[Greek language|Greek]]: ἀχειροποίητος εἰκών).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Archos |first=Irene |date=5 October 2015 |title=The Unbearded Jesus: The Story of the 5th Century Mosaic of Latomou Monastery St. David of Thessaloniki |url=https://greekamericangirl.com/the-unbearded-jesus-the-story-of-the-5th-century-mosaic-of-latomou-monastery-st-david-of-thessaloniki/ |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=Greek American Girl}}</ref>

According to tradition, the ''Icon of Christ of Latomos'' was discovered by Princess [[Flavia Maximiana Theodora]], the Christian daughter of Emperor Maximian. She hid it to protect it from potential damage by the pagan, Roman authorities, and it remarkably survived [[Byzantine iconoclasm]] in the eighth century<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ANpGEAAAQBAJ&q=Christ+icon+of+Latomos |title=After the Text: Byzantine Enquiries in Honour of Margaret Mullett |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2021 |isbn=9781000468717 |editor-last=James |editor-first=Liz |language=English |chapter=Women remembering women? The 'Miracle in Latomos' motif in medieval Macedonia |editor-last2=Nicholson |editor-first2=Oliver |editor-last3=Scott |editor-first3=Roger}}</ref> as well as a period of time in the fifteenth century when the church of Hosios David was converted to an [[Islam]]ic [[mosque]] (during the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] occupation of Thessaloniki).<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Meeks |first=Wayne A. |url=https://yale.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.12987/yale/9780300091427.001.0001/upso-9780300091427 |title=In Search of Early Christians: Selected Essays |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0300091427 |editor-last=Hilton |editor-first=Allen R. |location=Princeton, New Jersey |pages=230–253 |language=English |doi=10.12987/yale/9780300091427.001.0001 |editor-last2=Snyder |editor-first2=H. Gregory|edition=Illustrated }}</ref> Sometime before the Ottoman occupation and prior to the twelfth century, the mosaic icon was rediscovered by a monk from [[Lower Egypt]]. It was again rediscovered in 1921, at which time the building was reconsecrated to [[David the Dendrite|Saint David]].<ref name=":0" />

Thematically and artistically, the ''Icon of Christ of Latomos'' is likely the first of its type, depicting an [[Apocalypse|apocalyptic]] scene with imagery from the [[Book of Ezekiel]] which communicates important [[theology|theological]] ideas about the apocalypse.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=Cloisters |first1=Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N. Y. ) Department of Medieval Art and the |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OvCiDQAAQBAJ&dq=Christ+icon+of+Latomos&pg=PA199 |title=Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261–1557) |last2=N.Y.) |first2=Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York |date=2004 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-1-58839-113-1 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
{{See also|Church of Hosios David}}
The account of the Miracle of Latomos is recorded in two medieval manuscripts.<ref name=":0" /> The first, which tells the story of the initial miracle, is kept in [[Moscow]] in the [http://svyatayarus.ru.for-test-only.ru/pda/reference/provenance/patriarshaya_biblioteka/index.php?lang=en Patriarchal Library] ({{As of|2018}}).<ref name=":5">V. Grumel, La mosaïque de 'Dieu Sauveur' au monastère du 'Latome' à Salonique (découverte en août 1927), ''Échos d'Orient'' 29 (1930), pp. 157–175, 161; T. E. Gregory, ''Maximian'', in: ''The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'', Vol. 2, ed. A. P. Kazhdan et al., London 1991, 1321.</ref><ref name=":0" /> The second manuscript dates back to 1307 and is called the ''Diegesis manuscript.'' It was written by Abbott Ignatius of Lotomos monastery,<ref name=":6">"Edifying Account concerning the Divine-human Image of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was revealed in the Monastery of the Stonecutters in Thessalonica, composed by Ignatius, monk and Abbot of the Akapnios Monastery", in ''Varia graeca sacra'', ed. Athanasios Papadopoulos-Kerameus (Zapiski Istoriko- filologicheskago fakulteta Imperatorskago S.-Petersburgskago Universiteta, 95; Saint Petersburg: V. F. Kirshbauma, 1909).</ref><ref name=":7">A. Semoglou, La théophanie de Latôme et les exercices d'interprétations artistiques durant les 'renaissances' byzantines, Les noveuax signifiants de (la vision de) Dieu, in: ''Byzantium Renaissances: Dialogue of Cultures, Heritage of Antiquity Tradition and Modernity'', ed. M. Janocha et al., Warsaw 2012, pp. 231–239, 233–234; J. Snyder, The Meaning of the 'Maiestas domini' in Hosios David, ''Byzantium'' 37 (1967), pp. 143–152, 146–147.</ref> and describes the rediscovery of the icon by Saint Sennuphius of [[Nitria (monastic site)|Nitria]] (venerated March 25<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanidopoulos |first=John |date=28 June 2010 |title=Saint Sennuphios the Sign-Bearer |url=https://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2010/06/as-monk-attired-emperor-for-battle-set.html |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Orthodox Christianity Then And Now}}</ref>).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Pentcheva |first=Bissera |year=2000 |title="Imagined Images: Visions of Salvation and Intercession on a Double-Sided Icon from Poganovo," Dumbarton Oaks Papers Vol. 54 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i255275 |access-date=2022-06-16 |website= |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University |pages=139–53 |language=English |doi=10.2307/1291835|jstor=1291835 }}</ref>

=== Origin ===
The origin of the mosaic icon most likely dates back to the late third century in the metropolis of Thessaloniki in modern-day [[Greece]].<ref name=":5" /> At that time, [[Byzantium]] was divided into East and West, ruled by [[Diocletian]] and [[Maximian]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ancient Rome – Diocletian |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Rome/Diocletian |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=English}}</ref> Theodora (286–305?<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Anargyroi |first=Agioi |date=2010-09-05 |title=Full of Grace and Truth: The Wondrous Icon of Christ of Latomos |url=http://full-of-grace-and-truth.blogspot.com/2010/09/wondrous-icon-of-christ-of-latomos.html |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Full of Grace and Truth}}</ref>) was either the daughter of Maximian the emperor or August Galerius who ruled over Thessaloniki at that time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Theodora lived slightly before the time of the [[Diocletianic Persecution]], when Christianity was officially pronounced illegal by the imperial government.<ref>Gaddis, Michael (2005). ''There Is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ: Religious Violence in the Christian Roman Empire.'' Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24104-5.</ref> Nevertheless, at the end of the third century leading up to the official decree, [[Christians]] were still met with violence from pagan authorities. Theodora, without the knowledge of her parents, was baptized by [https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2010/11/09/103256-martyr-alexander-of-thessalonica Saint Alexander], the Bishop of Thessaloniki (venerated May 28).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":2" />
Under the pretext that she was ill, Theodora had a [[Bathing|bathhouse]] and palace built for her, the bathhouse containing a semicircular [[apse]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8" /> The location of the bathhouse was near Thessaloniki's stone quarries, which is why it was given the name Latomos ({{Lang-el|Λατομείο (quarry)|translit=Latomío}}). Theodora, being a Christian, hired an [[icon]]ographer to create an image of the [[Theotokos|Mother of God]] on the apse.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8" /> Every day, Theodora visited the palace to see the work that the artist had been doing. One day, to her surprise, the image of the Mother of God was no longer present, and instead on the apse there was a mosaic of an apocalyptic scene featuring [[Jesus]] at the center.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":2" /> The iconographer was as puzzled as Theodora was. She pronounced it a miracle and forbade him from changing the mosaic.<ref name=":0" />

When Theodora's pagan mother was informed of the icon by Theodora's servants, Theodora had the entire apse and icon quickly covered with plaster to preserve the image and to hide it from her parents.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> After Theodora's father returned from battle, he learned of her conversion to Christianity and arrested her, locking her in a tower prison.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":9" /> Refusing to [[Sacrifice|sacrifice to idols]], she died as a [[martyr]] in 305.<ref name=":9" />

The ''Icon of Christ of Latomos'' remained hidden underneath the plaster for a period of time after Theodora's death.<ref name=":0" /> Some time after [[Edict of Milan|Christianity was made legal]] in 313 by [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I's]] Edict of Milan, the bathhouse of Theodora was converted into a church and eventually into a monastery. Nevertheless, the mosaic icon still remained hidden and unknown.<ref name=":0" /> Because of its survival during the [[Byzantine iconoclasm]] of the early eighth century, it seems that the plaster remained up for a substantial amount of time.<ref name=":2" />

=== Sennuphius' discovery ===
In the ''[[Diegesis]]'' manuscript of the twelfth century,<ref name=":0" /> Abbott Ignatius of the monastery of Latomos continues the history of the ''Icon of Christ of Latomos'' by relating the story of the monk Sennuphius ({{Lang-el|Σεννούφιος}}).<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /> Sometime after 820, this monk lived as an austere [[Asceticism|ascetic]] of the [[Nitrian Desert]] ([[Lower Egypt]]) where Christian [[Christian monasticism|monasticism]] had been established by [[Anthony the Great]] and [[Pachomius the Great|Pachomius]]. It is unclear whether or not this Sennuphius is the Sennuphius (often called the "[[Standard-bearer]]"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Holy Father Sennuphius the Standard-Bearer (4th c.) – Saint of the Day {{!}} Ancient Faith Ministries |url=https://www.ancientfaith.com/podcasts/saintoftheday/our_holy_father_sennuphius_the_standard_bearer_4th_c |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=www.ancientfaith.com}}</ref>) [https://archive.org/details/ThePrologueFromOhrid_BishopNikolaiVelimirovich/page/n373/mode/2up?q=march+25 who is commemorated on March 25] in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Church]]. Regardless, the ''Diegesis'' states that Sennuphius the monk constantly prayed to God to receive a vision of how Christ would appear at his [[Second Coming]].<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7" />

One day, Sennuphius received a vision that informed him that he would be granted to see an image of the Second Coming, as he had desired.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> The vision told him to leave [[Egypt (region)|Egypt]] and travel to the monastery of Latomos in modern-day Thessaloniki, Greece.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":0" /> Sennuphius was obedient to the vision and travelled to Greece. Legend says that he travelled there the first time and, not finding the image, returned to [[Nitria (monastic site)|Nitria]], only to again receive another vision and to again travel back to Greece.<ref name=":9" /> Regardless, he eventually ended his journey at the monastery of Latomos. While he was in the [[nave]], an earthquake purportedly shook which caused all of the plaster to fall off of the mosaic icon that had been sealed up by Theodora.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":9" /><blockquote>As he sat alone one day in the sanctuary of the Stonecutters’ Monastery, suddenly there was a storm and an earthquake and, moreover, thunder and such a disturbance that it seemed the very foundations of the sanctuary were shaken. And immediately the plaster and the brickwork and the oxhide that overlayed the sacred representation of the Lord... were stripped off and fell to the earth. Those sacred features of Christ appeared, shining with fiery appearance like the sun in the midst of the cloud. When the old monk, standing in the midst of the sanctuary, saw this, he cried out, "Glory to you, O God, I thank you!" (The ''Diegesis'' as quoted in the book ''[https://yale.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.12987/yale/9780300091427.001.0001/upso-9780300091427 In Search of Early Christians]'').<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" /></blockquote>Upon seeing the icon, Sennuphius surrendered his soul, died in the church, and was buried there.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":3" /> The discovery that Sennuphius made entered into Thessalonikan lore, causing Abbott Ignatius to write about it later in the twelfth century.<ref name=":3" />

=== Ottoman occupation and rediscovery ===
After 1430 when the [[Ottoman Turks]] had captured [[Thessaloniki]], the monks of Latomos abandoned their monastery.<ref name=":3" /> When Thessaloniki was returned to Greek rule in 1912, the monastery was listed as one of those that had not survived. Saluca [[Mosque]], which stood on the northeastern side of Thessaloniki, was identified in 1917 as the former [[Church of Hosios David]], and in 1921 was reconsecrated to the local Saint [[David the tree-dweller|David the Tree-Dweller]].<ref name=":3" />
[[File:Οσιος Δαυησ.jpg|thumb|Modern [[Church of Hosios David]] in [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]].]]
When Andreas Xyngopoulos, who was the Superintendent of Byzantine Antiquities in Thessaloniki in 1921, visited the church,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> he was able to see a portion of the mosaic where the plaster had fallen off (this time, plaster from the Turks).<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> In 1927, Xyngopoulos conducted a research team and Charles Diehl recognized that the mosaic was the same mosaic described in Abbot Ignatius’ account from 1307.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> From this, they surmised that the former Mosque was in fact the ancient Latomos monastery [[Katholikon]].<ref name=":3" /> Xyngopoulos dated the mosaic icon to the last quarter of the 5th century, and his date was generally accepted.<ref name=":2" /> The icon has been hailed as a masterpiece of [[Christian art]] and [[theology]].<ref name=":2" />

=== Modern ===
In 1988, the church and mosaic icon were designated as one of the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of the Thessaloniki [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Church of Hosios David (Thessaloniki) |url=https://www.thebyzantinelegacy.com/hosios-david |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=The Byzantine Legacy |language=en}}</ref> Informational signage outside of the church identifies the icon as "one of the city's most significant early Christian monuments and, overall, of early Christian art."

== Iconographic composition ==

=== Composition ===
Due to the ''Icon of Christ of Latomos''' enigmatic origin, "Researchers have differing interpretations of this composition."<ref name=":0" /> The artistic style is speculated to be from the [[Palaeologan Renaissance|Palaeologan Period]], starting in 1261.<ref name=":4" /> In form, the mosaic icon presents an image of Christ in the center, surrounded by an aureole of light and sitting upon a rainbow. Remarkably, the image of Christ does not have a beard, which was uncommon in the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] [[iconography]] of the time.<ref name=":9" /> This possibly suggests youth. Surrounding the aureole are four creatures holding the Gospel books from the [[Book of Revelation]], which represent the [[Four Evangelists|four Gospel writers]].
The image of Christ is surrounded by a rocky landscape that funnels down into four rivers (representing the four rivers of [[Paradise]] according to the Stavros Niarchos Foundation and ''Migrations in Visual Art''.<ref name=":0" />) to a lake with seven fish in it. On either side of the image of Christ are two figures; one standing with hands raised and the other sitting with his chin in his palm and an open book in his lap.
=== Text in image ===
In Christ's hand is a scroll which reads [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] 25:9 in [[Greek language|Greek]] :

{{blockquote|{{Lang|el|ἰδοὺ ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ἐφ᾽ ᾧ ἐλπίζομεν καὶ ἠγαλλιώμεθα ἐπὶ τῇ σωτηρίᾳ ἡμῶν ὅτι ἀνάπαυσιν δώσει ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον}}<ref name=":9" />}}The English translation is, "Behold our God in whom we hope and rejoice in our salvation, he will give rest to this house."<ref name=":2" /> On the open book held by the figure on the right is the Greek text:{{blockquote|{{Lang|el|Πηγή ζωτική, δεκτική, θρεπτική / ψυχῶν πιστοῦν ὁ πανέν(τι)μος οἶ(κ)ος ο(ὗ)τος}}<ref name=":2" />}}

This text does not originate from the [[Bible]] or any other known source. In English, it says, "This most honorable house (is) a life-giving, welcoming, nourishing spring for the souls of the faithful."<ref name=":2" /> The mention of a house in this verse possibly refers to the house mentioned in the verse from Isaiah, thus uniting the two texts within the image.
== Interpretation ==
The two figures in the icon lack the [[Titulus (inscription)|identifying labels]] that were common in Byzantine art.<ref name=":0" /> This has led to multiple proposed ideas as to who the figures represent.<ref name=":0" /> [[André Grabar]] argued that the figures were [[Saints Peter and Paul]], and that the scene represents the ''[[Traditio Legis]]''.<ref name=":10">Andre Grabar, À propos d'une icône byzantine du XIVe siècle au Musée de Sofia (Notes sur les sources et les procédés des peintres sous les Paléologues), ''Cachiers archéologiques'' 10 (1959), pp. 239–304, 296.</ref>

Andreas Xyngopoulos interpreted the figures to be [[Old Testament]] prophets. This is the most widely held interpretation.<ref name=":2" /> In the Bible, the [[Ezekiel|Prophet Ezekiel]] has a vision in which he sees God surrounded by light and sees the four creatures shown in the Icon of Latomos ([[Book of Ezekiel]], chapter 1). The [[Habakkuk|Prophet Habakkuk]] has a similar vision ([[Book of Habakkuk]], chapter 3). This has led researchers to consider that the two figures are perhaps the prophets Ezekiel and Habakkuk.<ref name=":0" /> In this way, the icon is understood to be a depiction of the Old Testament Theophany (''Theophany'' meaning the appearance of God).<ref name=":0" />

Another interpretation is that the icon represents the [[Resurrection]] of Jesus.<ref name=":8" /> Through prophecies, Habakkuk foretold the resurrection. These resurrectional prophecies were made popular by [[Gregory of Nazianzus|Saint Gregory Nazianzus]]' ''Second Oration for Easter''. This leads researchers who assume a natural origin for the icon to theorize that it was made because of the popularity that Saint Gregory brought to Habakkuk.<ref>Brubaker, "Politics, Patronage, and Art in Ninth-Century Byzantium," 10; G. Galavaris, ''The Illustrations of the Liturgical Homilies of Gregory Nazianzus'', Studies in Manuscript Illumination 6 (Princeton, 1969), pp. 120–25.</ref> The figure of Ezekiel also lends itself to this interpretation since he also has resurrectional prophecies.

The most generally agreed upon interpretation is that the icon depicts the [[Apocalypse|apocalyptic]] scene of Christ's [[Second Coming]].<ref name=":0" /> This is supported by the story of the monk Sennuphius who is said to have asked God through prayer to see this Second Coming. In turn, Sennuphius found the icon, which led Abbott Ignatius to interpret it as an apocalyptic scene.

=== Two approaches to God ===
The characters on the right and left of Christ in the icon contrast each other sharply. One is sitting down with a distant gaze, presumable thinking, while the other is standing with his hands raised. This could represent the two approaches to understanding God: with the mind and with the heart.<ref name=":1" /> The apparent amazement of the figure on the left could represent the experiential aspect of encountering God, while the calm and collected figure on the right could represent the rational, logical approach.<ref name=":1" />

=== Hesychasm ===
{{See also|Hesychast controversy}}
Another theological explanation of the icon comes from the presence of the light in the mosaic.<blockquote>The Hosios David mosaic, with its radical translucent treatment of divine light, could perhaps be described as a [[Hesychasm|Hesychast]] image before Hesychasm, so that the Latomos motif on the Poganovo icon would have been a highly appropriate choice for a donor steeped in [[Gregory Palamas|Palamas']] theology.<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ANpGEAAAQBAJ After the Text: Byzantine Enquiries in Honour of Margaret Mullett]'' points out that this Hesychast imagery would have come from the theology of Saint Gregory Palamas (1296–1359). The theology of Hesychasm maintains that humans can, through extreme purification and constant prayer, come to see with their bodily eyes the ''[[Uncreated Light]]'' of God that appeared on [[Mount Tabor]] in Luke chapter 24.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hesychasm {{!}} Definition, History, Practice, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hesychasm |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The Uncreated Light is present in the ''Icon of Christ of Latomos'', especially since it is interpreted by André Grabar to be an image of the [[Ascension of Jesus]], or at least an Old Testament type of it.<ref name=":10" />

== Artistic influences ==

=== Backkovo icon ===
Ljubica Vinulović discusses in ''[https://e-knjige.ff.uni-lj.si/znanstvena-zalozba/catalog/book/122 Migration in Visual Art]'' how the composition of the ''Icon of Christ of Latomos'' migrated from Greece to [[Bulgaria]].<ref name=":0" /> There is a similar icon from a later date which is housed in [[Bachkovo Monastery]], a Bulgarian monastery founded by two brothers in 1083.<ref name=":0" /> On the upper floor of the [[ossuary]] is an icon not unlike the mosaic ''Icon of Christ of Latomos''. It features a young Christ in the same aureole of light holding a scroll on which is written Isaiah 25:9 in Greek. "The scene had its model in the mosaic from [[Church of Hosios David|Hosios David]]," said Vinulović.<ref name=":0" />

=== Poganovo icon ===
[[File:Revers Poganovo Icon.JPG|thumb|The Poganovo icon. The Prophet Habakkuk (right) is often represented as a young man in icons.]]
In the middle of the twentieth century, another famous icon of uncertain origin (called the ''Icon from Poganovo'' or the ''Poganovo Icon'') was the subject of research and was transferred to the ossuary of the Cathedral Church of [[Alexander Nevsky|Saint Alexander Nevsky]], in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]] before the outbreak of [[World War I]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> Before that, it had been kept in [[Poganovo]], earning its name. This icon has been described as, "perhaps the most arresting and enigmatic" icon of the [[Palaeologan Renaissance|Palaeologan]] period.<ref>M. Vassilaki, ed. ''Mother of God: Representations of the Virgin in Byzantine Art'' (Athens-Milan 2000) no.86</ref>

The Poganovo icon, like the icon in [[Bachkovo Monastery]], is compositionally similar to the older Latomos icon. Unlike the icon of Latomos, the Poganovo icon is not a mosaic, but painted on a wood panel with [[tempera]] paint. Furthermore, the Poganovo icon included the nail marks on Christ's hand, whereas on the ''Icon of Christ of Latomos'' there are no such markings.<ref name=":0" /> Identifying names are also ascribed to the two secondary figures in the Poganovo icon; Ezekiel and Habakkuk.<ref name=":2" />

Many researchers theorized that the Poganovo icon originated in the fourteenth century, but the evidence was not conclusive.<ref name=":0" /> Because of the differences between the Poganovo icon and the ''Icon of Christ of Latomos'', Andreas Xyngopoulos speculated that it might not have been based on the Latomos icon itself, but rather based on the miniature drawing of the icon in the ''Diegesis'' text.<ref>Andreas Xyngopoulos, Sur l'cone bilatérale de Poganovo, ''Cachiers archéologiques'' 12 (1962), pp. 341–350.</ref> There remains a dispute about who commissioned the icon and for what occasion.<ref name=":8" />

In the Poganovo icon, the figure of Christ holds a scroll with the same text as the scroll in the ''Icon of Christ of Latomos''. In fact, the Poganovo icon itself has written on it the words, "Miracle of Jesus Christ of Latomos". On Habakkuk's book is written the verse Ezekiel 3:1, "Son of Man, eat this scroll."<ref name=":0" /> The evidence suggests that both the Poganovo icon and the icon at [[Bachkovo Monastery]] were copies of the original prototype, the ''Icon of Christ of Latomos.''

== See also ==

* [[Acheiropoieta]]
* [[Icon]]
* [[Byzantine mosaics]]
* [[Panagia Ierosolymitissa]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki}}

[[Category:Byzantine mosaics]]
[[Category:5th-century artifacts]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox icons]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thessaloniki]]
[[Category:Jesus in art]]

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2024-03-28T12:50:48Z

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<div style="flex-grow:1">[[Battle of Artemisium]], [[Battle of Thermopylae]], [[Battle of Kalavrye]], [[Battle of Marathon]], [[Battle of Salamis]], [[Byzantine civil war of 1341–47]], [[Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628]], [[First Macedonian War]], [[John Kourkouas]], [[Yannis Makriyannis]], [[Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria]], [[Vikos–Aoös National Park]]
</div>
</div>
</div>

Portal:Greece/sandbox

2024-03-28T12:35:52Z

Geraki: no tables

{{short description|Wikimedia portal}}
{{Portal maintenance status |date=May 2020|subpages=keep |nonstandard= |broken= |incomplete= |upgrade= |manual= |maintainer1= |maintainer2= |maintainer3= |maintainer4= |note=}}
{{Portal description|Greece}}
{{smalldiv|1={{browsebarcountry|Greece|Greek}}}}

<div class="topbanner noprint" style="clear:both; width:100%;background-color:#2c5aa0;text-align:center;font-size:1.2em;font-weight:600;color:white;">Welcome to the Greece portal</div>
<div style="width:100%; height:200px; overflow:hidden; padding: 0px; border:solid #2c5aa0 0px; background-color:#2c5aa0;">[[File:Athens Banner.jpg|1600px|center|Acropolis Banner]]</div>

{{../box-header|Introduction|Portal:Greece/Intro|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Intro}}
{{../box-footer|}}

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|1=Baths of Zeuxippus
|2=Epikleros
|3=Battle of Thermopylae
|4=Walls of Constantinople
|5=Minoan eruption
|6=Greece runestones
|7=Siege of Constantinople (860)
|8=Orion (mythology)
|9=Treaty of Devol
|10=Byzantine Empire
|11=War against Nabis
|12=Pythia
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|14=Ancient Olympic Games
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|16=Euclidean geometry
|17=Mount Athos
|18=Red-figure pottery
|19=Socratic method
|20=Battle of Greece
|21=Chariot racing
|22=War against Nabis
|23=Alexander of Greece
|24=1896 Summer Olympics
|25=Alcibiades
|26=Rhodes blood libel
|27=Philitas of Cos
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|29=El Greco
|30=Archimedes
|31=George I of Greece
|32=Euclidean algorithm
|33=Epaminondas
|34=Problem of Apollonius
|35=Pericles
|36=Orion (mythology)
|37=Paul Palaiologos Tagaris
|38=Greek battleship Salamis
|39=Slavery in ancient Greece
|40=Mosaics of Delos
|41=COVID-19 pandemic in Greece
|42=List of World Heritage Sites in Greece
|43=First Persian invasion of Greece
|44=Wars of the Delian League
|45=Guy Pallavicini
|46=Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008
|47=Euclid Tsakalotos
|48=Naval Air Service (Greece)
|49=Pindus National Park
|50=Siege of Melos
|51=Kratos (mythology)
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| History of Greece
| Geography of Greece
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{{../box-header|Did you know?|Portal:Greece/Did you know|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Did you know}}
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{{../box-header|Topics|Portal:Greece|}}
{{Plain navboxes|content={{Greece topics|state=expanded}}}}
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{{../box-header|Recognized content|Portal:Greece/Articles_worth_reading|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Articles worth reading}}
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{{../box-header|Greece categories|Portal:Greece/Categories|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Categories}}
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{{../box-header|Literature and philosophy|Portal:Greece/Greek Literature|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Greek Literature}}
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{{Portal:Greece/Art}}
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{{../box-header|Quotes|Portal:Greece/Quotes|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Quotes}}
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{{../box-header|Other related portals|Portals|}}
<div style="text-align: center;">{{Related portals|Ancient Greece|Byzantine Empire|Olympic Games|Europe|Bulgaria|Cyprus|Egypt|North Macedonia|Turkey}}</div>
{{../box-footer|}}

{{../box-header|WikiProject Greece|Portal:Greece/Project|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Project}}
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{{../box-header|Notable Greeks|Portal:Greece/People|}}
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{{../box-header|Featured video|Portal:Greece/Featured Video|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Featured Video}}
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}}


{{../box-header|Greek Wikipedia|:el:|}}
{| style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background: none; border: none;"
|-
|style="width: 70px;"|[[Image:Wikipedia-logo-v2-el.svg|90px|center]]
| style="text-align: center;" | There is a '''''[[:el:|Greek version]]''''' of [[Wikipedia]], the free encyclopedia.
|}
{{../box-footer|}}
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

<div style="display:block;border:1px solid #ef4135;vertical-align: top; background-color:#ffffff;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;">

<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#0055a4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">Associated Wikimedia</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
{{WikimediaForPortals|species=no}}

<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#0055a4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">More portals</h2>
{{Portal navbar no header2}}
{{Box-footer}}
'''Parent portals''': '''[[Portal:Europe|Europe]]''' | '''[[Portal:European Union|European Union]]'''
</div>
<div style="text-align:center;margin:0.25em 0 0.75em 0"><small>{{purge|''Purge cache''}}</small></div>

Portal:Greece/sandbox

2024-03-28T12:25:09Z

Geraki: better

{{short description|Wikimedia portal}}
{{Portal maintenance status |date=May 2020|subpages=keep |nonstandard= |broken= |incomplete= |upgrade= |manual= |maintainer1= |maintainer2= |maintainer3= |maintainer4= |note=}}
{{Portal description|Greece}}
{{smalldiv|1={{browsebarcountry|Greece|Greek}}}}
<div style="clear:both; width:100%">
{| style="border:solid #2c5aa0 1px" cellpadding="0px" cellspacing="0px" width="100%"
|-
| style="background-color:#2c5aa0;text-align:center;" |<big style="color:white>'''Welcome to the Greece portal'''</big>
|}</div>
<div style="width:100%; height:200px; overflow:hidden; padding: 0px; border:solid #2c5aa0 0px; background-color:#2c5aa0;">[[File:Athens Banner.jpg|1600px|center|Acropolis Banner]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; top: 80px;; left: 0px; height: 100px; ">
</div>
{{../box-header|Introduction|Portal:Greece/Intro|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Intro}}
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|1=Baths of Zeuxippus
|2=Epikleros
|3=Battle of Thermopylae
|4=Walls of Constantinople
|5=Minoan eruption
|6=Greece runestones
|7=Siege of Constantinople (860)
|8=Orion (mythology)
|9=Treaty of Devol
|10=Byzantine Empire
|11=War against Nabis
|12=Pythia
|13=Delphi
|14=Ancient Olympic Games
|15=Ai-Khanoum
|16=Euclidean geometry
|17=Mount Athos
|18=Red-figure pottery
|19=Socratic method
|20=Battle of Greece
|21=Chariot racing
|22=War against Nabis
|23=Alexander of Greece
|24=1896 Summer Olympics
|25=Alcibiades
|26=Rhodes blood libel
|27=Philitas of Cos
|28=Aspasia
|29=El Greco
|30=Archimedes
|31=George I of Greece
|32=Euclidean algorithm
|33=Epaminondas
|34=Problem of Apollonius
|35=Pericles
|36=Orion (mythology)
|37=Paul Palaiologos Tagaris
|38=Greek battleship Salamis
|39=Slavery in ancient Greece
|40=Mosaics of Delos
|41=COVID-19 pandemic in Greece
|42=List of World Heritage Sites in Greece
|43=First Persian invasion of Greece
|44=Wars of the Delian League
|45=Guy Pallavicini
|46=Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008
|47=Euclid Tsakalotos
|48=Naval Air Service (Greece)
|49=Pindus National Park
|50=Siege of Melos
|51=Kratos (mythology)
|52=Types of Women
|53=Codex Alexandrinus
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| History of Greece
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{{../box-header|Did you know?|Portal:Greece/Did you know|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Did you know}}
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{{Plain navboxes|content={{Greece topics|state=expanded}}}}
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{{../box-header|Recognized content|Portal:Greece/Articles_worth_reading|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Articles worth reading}}
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{{../box-header|Greece categories|Portal:Greece/Categories|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Categories}}
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{{../box-header|Literature and philosophy|Portal:Greece/Greek Literature|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Greek Literature}}
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{{../box-header|Art|Portal:Greece/Art|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Art}}
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{{../box-header|Quotes|Portal:Greece/Quotes|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Quotes}}
{{../box-footer|}}

{{../box-header|Other related portals|Portals|}}
<div style="text-align: center;">{{Related portals|Ancient Greece|Byzantine Empire|Olympic Games|Europe|Bulgaria|Cyprus|Egypt|North Macedonia|Turkey}}</div>
{{../box-footer|}}

{{../box-header|WikiProject Greece|Portal:Greece/Project|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Project}}
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|2 =
{{../box-header|Notable Greeks|Portal:Greece/People|}}
{{Portal:Greece/People}}
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{{../box-header|Featured video|Portal:Greece/Featured Video|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Featured Video}}
{{../box-footer|}}

}}


{{../box-header|Greek Wikipedia|:el:|}}
{| style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background: none; border: none;"
|-
|style="width: 70px;"|[[Image:Wikipedia-logo-v2-el.svg|90px|center]]
| style="text-align: center;" | There is a '''''[[:el:|Greek version]]''''' of [[Wikipedia]], the free encyclopedia.
|}
{{../box-footer|}}
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

<div style="display:block;border:1px solid #ef4135;vertical-align: top; background-color:#ffffff;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;">

<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#0055a4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">Associated Wikimedia</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
{{WikimediaForPortals|species=no}}

<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#0055a4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">More portals</h2>
{{Portal navbar no header2}}
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'''Parent portals''': '''[[Portal:Europe|Europe]]''' | '''[[Portal:European Union|European Union]]'''
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<div style="text-align:center;margin:0.25em 0 0.75em 0"><small>{{purge|''Purge cache''}}</small></div>

Portal:Greece/sandbox

2024-03-28T12:06:36Z

Geraki: Let's try to modernize

{{short description|Wikimedia portal}}
{{Portal maintenance status |date=May 2020|subpages=keep |nonstandard= |broken= |incomplete= |upgrade= |manual= |maintainer1= |maintainer2= |maintainer3= |maintainer4= |note=}}
{{Portal description|Greece}}

{{../box-header|Introduction|Portal:Greece/Intro|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Intro}}
{{../box-footer|}}

{{Purge link portals}} 

{{Flex columns
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{{../box-header| Selected article article {{#if: {{{Purge|}}}{{{purge|}}} | {{{Purge|}}}{{{purge|}}} |– {{purge|<small>{{color|white|''show another''}}</small>}}}}}}

{{Transclude random excerpt
|1=Baths of Zeuxippus
|2=Epikleros
|3=Battle of Thermopylae
|4=Walls of Constantinople
|5=Minoan eruption
|6=Greece runestones
|7=Siege of Constantinople (860)
|8=Orion (mythology)
|9=Treaty of Devol
|10=Byzantine Empire
|11=War against Nabis
|12=Pythia
|13=Delphi
|14=Ancient Olympic Games
|15=Ai-Khanoum
|16=Euclidean geometry
|17=Mount Athos
|18=Red-figure pottery
|19=Socratic method
|20=Battle of Greece
|21=Chariot racing
|22=War against Nabis
|23=Alexander of Greece
|24=1896 Summer Olympics
|25=Alcibiades
|26=Rhodes blood libel
|27=Philitas of Cos
|28=Aspasia
|29=El Greco
|30=Archimedes
|31=George I of Greece
|32=Euclidean algorithm
|33=Epaminondas
|34=Problem of Apollonius
|35=Pericles
|36=Orion (mythology)
|37=Paul Palaiologos Tagaris
|38=Greek battleship Salamis
|39=Slavery in ancient Greece
|40=Mosaics of Delos
|41=COVID-19 pandemic in Greece
|42=List of World Heritage Sites in Greece
|43=First Persian invasion of Greece
|44=Wars of the Delian League
|45=Guy Pallavicini
|46=Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008
|47=Euclid Tsakalotos
|48=Naval Air Service (Greece)
|49=Pindus National Park
|50=Siege of Melos
|51=Kratos (mythology)
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| Culture of Greece
| History of Greece
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}}
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{{../box-header|Did you know?|Portal:Greece/Did you know|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Did you know}}
{{../box-footer|}}

{{../box-header|Topics|Portal:Greece|}}
{{Plain navboxes|content={{Greece topics|state=expanded}}}}
{{../box-footer|}}

{{../box-header|Articles related to Greece|Portal:Greece}}
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{{../box-header|Recognized content|Portal:Greece/Articles_worth_reading|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Articles worth reading}}
{{../box-footer|}}

{{../box-header|Greece categories|Portal:Greece/Categories|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Categories}}
{{../box-footer|}}

{{../box-header|Literature and philosophy|Portal:Greece/Greek Literature|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Greek Literature}}
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{{../box-header|Art|Portal:Greece/Art|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Art}}
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{{../box-header|Quotes|Portal:Greece/Quotes|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Quotes}}
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{{../box-header|Other related portals|Portals|}}
<div style="text-align: center;">{{Related portals|Ancient Greece|Byzantine Empire|Olympic Games|Europe|Bulgaria|Cyprus|Egypt|North Macedonia|Turkey}}</div>
{{../box-footer|}}

{{../box-header|WikiProject Greece|Portal:Greece/Project|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Project}}
{{../box-footer|}}

|2 =
{{../box-header|Notable Greeks|Portal:Greece/People|}}
{{Portal:Greece/People}}
{{../box-footer|}}

{{../box-header|Featured video|Portal:Greece/Featured Video|}}
{{Portal:Greece/Featured Video}}
{{../box-footer|}}

}}
<div style="clear:both;">


{{../box-header|Categories}}
[[Image:C Puzzle.png|42px|right|Category puzzle]]
<div style="text-align: center;"><small>Select [►] to view subcategories</small></div>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
<categorytree depth="1">Greece</categorytree>
{{div col end}}
{{../box-footer|}}

{{../box-header|Related portals}}
{{Related portals|Albania|Bulgaria|Cyprus|Italy|North Macedonia|Turkey|Europe|European Union}}
{{../box-footer|}}


</div>

<div class="portal-column-left">

{{../box-header|Greek Wikipedia|:el:|}}
{| style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background: none; border: none;"
|-
|style="width: 70px;"|[[Image:Wikipedia-logo-v2-el.svg|90px|center]]
| style="text-align: center;" | There is a '''''[[:el:|Greek version]]''''' of [[Wikipedia]], the free encyclopedia.
|}
{{../box-footer|}}
</div>

<div class="portal-column-right">


</div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

<div style="display:block;border:1px solid #ef4135;vertical-align: top; background-color:#ffffff;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;">

<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#0055a4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">Associated Wikimedia</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
{{WikimediaForPortals|species=no}}

<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#0055a4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">More portals</h2>
{{Portal navbar no header2}}
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'''Parent portals''': '''[[Portal:Europe|Europe]]''' | '''[[Portal:European Union|European Union]]'''
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<div style="text-align:center;margin:0.25em 0 0.75em 0"><small>{{purge|''Purge cache''}}</small></div>

Help:Referencing for beginners without using templates

2023-12-24T18:32:45Z

Geraki: maybe 15 years ago, I don't think it is measurable now

{{Wikipedia how to|WP:REFBPLAIN}}
{{see also|Help:Introduction to referencing|Help:Referencing for beginners with citation templates}}

Here's a popular reference method which doesn't use [[Wikipedia:templates|templates]] so it speeds loading time.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} [[Cut, copy, and paste#Copy and paste|Copy and paste]] the following immediately after what you want to reference:

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"><ref>author, [http://example.com/article_link "article_name"], ''publisher'', publication_date. Retrieved retrieved_date.</ref></syntaxhighlight>

Put information between the reference markers. [[Cut, copy, and paste#Copy and paste|Copy and paste]] the author's name. Paste the publication name ''inside'' the apostrophes so it's ''italicized''. Paste the publication date. Inside the brackets {{code|[]}} paste the url first with the article title to the ''right'', and put both url and title ''inside'' the brackets. Remember to leave a blank space between url and title. For example, in editing mode if you type this

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">This is the fact we're trying to reference about inflation being unlikely in 2010.<ref>Patricia Sabatini, [http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09289/1005873-28.stm "Inflation unlikely to be a threat as economy emerges from recession"], ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', October 16, 2009. Retrieved 2010-01-21.</ref></syntaxhighlight>

You get this:

{{quotation|This is the fact we're trying to reference about inflation being unlikely in 2010.<ref> Patricia Sabatini, [http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09289/1005873-28.stm "Inflation unlikely to be a threat as economy emerges from recession"], ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', October 16, 2009. Retrieved 2010-01-21.</ref>}}

The reference appears in the "references" section automatically:

{{quotation|{{Reflist}}}}

The ''Retrieved'' date is when you fetched the reference; the ''publication date'' is when the article was published. The ''url'' is the line like <nowiki>''http://www.etc''</nowiki>; [[Cut, copy, and paste#Copy and paste|copy and paste]] the url in if available since it makes it easy for checking references. You can also put in the ISBN, co-author names, page numbers and such; see [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|citing sources]].

That's it! You're done. When editing, you'll see your reference next to the text; but after saving, readers will only see a reference number there; your reference should appear below. Good luck!

If you get a warning about a missing "References" section at the end of the page, just add it:

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">== References ==
{{Reflist}}</syntaxhighlight>

Experiment on sandbox pages or your user talk page.

Remember many referencing styles are possible. Some editors prefer alternatives (see below). When possible, use the style others prefer. See [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citation templates and tools|Citing sources]] for further discussion.

{{Wikipedia referencing}}

[[Category:Wikipedia how-to|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Wikipedia quick introductions]]

Kleovoulos Klonis

2023-12-14T18:35:23Z

Geraki: Created new article

'''Kleovoulos Klonis''' (c. 1900 - December 2, 1988) was a Greek [[Scenography|scenographer]] er and [[journalist]].

Born in [[Ekinlik Island|Koutali]], [[Sea of Marmara|Propontis]], he grew up in [[Piraeus]].<ref name="ΕΛΣ">{{cite web|url=https://virtualmuseum.nationalopera.gr/en/virtual-exhibition/persons/klonis-kleovoulos-1129/|title=Kleovoulos Klonis|website=Greek National Opera|accessdate=2023-11-21}}</ref><ref name="ΕΘ">{{cite web|url=https://eshop.n-t.gr/el/designers/33895/|title=Κλώνης Κλεόβουλος|website=National Theatre|accessdate=2023-11-21|language=el}}</ref> Klonis studied at the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|University of Athens]] and the [[National Technical University of Athens]].<ref name="ΕΛΣ" /><ref name="ΕΘ" />

He began his career as a journalist in the 1920s, contributing to various publications and illustrating his own articles. Klonis's [[scenic design]] career started in 1926 with the operetta ''Miss Charleston''. He joined the "Eleftheri Skini" theater in 1929, and from 1931, he collaborated with the [[National Theatre of Greece]] for 50 years.<ref name="ΕΛΣ" /><ref name="ΕΘ" />

Klonis was known for his work in [[Theatre of ancient Greece|ancient Greek theater]] [[scenic design]], notably at outdoor venues like [[Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus|Epidaurus]] and the [[Odeon of Herodes Atticus|Herodeion]].<ref name="ΕΛΣ" /><ref name="ΕΘ" /> In partnership with [[Antonis Fokas]], he worked on over 500 theatrical productions..<ref name="ΕΛΣ" /><ref name="ΕΘ" /> He also collaborated with the [[Greek National Opera]] from 1939 to 1973,<ref name="ΕΛΣ" /><ref name="ΕΘ" /> and the [[National Theatre of Northern Greece]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kleovoulos Klonis |url=https://www.ntng.gr/default.aspx?lang=en-GB&page=64&item=2706 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=National Theatre of Northern Greece |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Klonis received several awards, including the silver medal from the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]].<ref name="ΕΛΣ" /><ref name="ΕΘ" /> He died in 1988 in [[Athens]] and was buried in the [[First Cemetery of Athens]].<ref name="ΕΛΣ" /><ref name="ΕΘ" />

== References ==
<references />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Klonis, Kleovoulos}}
[[Category:Greek scenic designers]]

Spiros Evangelatos

2023-12-14T18:07:33Z

Geraki: infobox

{{Infobox person/Wikidata| fetchwikidata=ALL}}
'''Spiros Evangelatos''' ({{Lang-el|Σπύρος Ευαγγελάτος}}; October 20, 1940 – January 24, 2017) was a Greek [[Theatre|theater]] [[Director (creative work)|director]], academic, and member of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]].

Born in [[Athens]], Evangelatos was the son of composer and chief musician of the Greek National Opera, [[Antiochos Evangelatos]], and harpist Xenia Bourexaki. Influenced by his family's artistic background, he pursued a career in theater. He initially studied at the School of Philosophy, [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|University of Athens]], and then at the [[National Theatre of Greece Drama School]], graduating in 1961. Between 1966-1970, he furthered his studies in theater and theater studies on a scholarship at the [[University of Vienna]].

Evangelatos founded the "Neoelliniki Skini" in 1962 and collaborated with the [[National Theatre of Greece]] from 1971 to 1977, directing performances in the [[Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus|Theatre of Epidaurus]] and other locations. He served as the general director of the [[National Theatre of Northern Greece]] (1977-1980) and the director of the [[Greek National Opera]] (1984-1987).

In 1975, he established "Amphi-Theatro," organizing performances worldwide. In February 2011, he announced the suspension of "Amphi-Theatro" due to financial difficulties.

He was honored with the "Karolos Koun" award in 1988, the award of the Society of Greek Playwrights in 1994, and the Directing Award of the same society in 1996. He was also decorated with the [[Order of the Phoenix (Greece)|Order of the Phoenix]]. In 2005, he was elected a full member of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.academyofathens.gr/ecPage.asp?id=436&nt=18&lang=1|title=Λίστα με τα μέλη της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών|accessdate=2008-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407020639/http://www.academyofathens.gr/ecPage.asp?id=436&nt=18&lang=1|archivedate=2015-04-07|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://kapodistriako.uoa.gr/stories/062_in_01/index.php?m=2|title=Βιογραφικό σημείωμα του Ευαγγελάτου στο Καποδιστριακό πανεπιστήμιο|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513164936/http://www.kapodistriako.uoa.gr/stories/062_in_01/index.php?m=2|archivedate=2016-05-13|url-status=dead|accessdate=2008-06-05}}</ref>

In his academic career, Evangelatos became a [[Doctor (title)|doctor]] of the School of Philosophy at the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|University of Athens]] in 1970 and was elected associate professor in the Department of History and Archaeology in 1989. In 1991, he took over the newly established chair of the Department of Theatre Studies at the same university. He served as president of this department from 1997 to 1999.

On January 12, 2012, he was appointed vice-president of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]] and became its president in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tovima.gr/2012/01/13/culture/egkatastathike-o-neos-proedros-stin-akadimia-athinwn/|first1=Λαμπρινή|last1=Κουζέλη|title=Εγκαταστάθηκε ο νέος πρόεδρος στην Ακαδημία Αθηνών|website=[[Το Βήμα]]|date=2012-01-13|accessdate=2023-07-03}}</ref>

In his personal life, he was married to actress Lida Tasopoulou (1953-2005), with whom he had two children, Antiochos (1986-2010) and Katerina (1979-).

== References ==
<references />
{{authority control|show=arts}}

[[Category:Greek film directors]]
[[Category:Greek theatre directors]]
[[Category:Greek academics]]
[[Category:Members of the Academy of Athens (modern)]]
[[Category:National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni]]

Spiros Evangelatos

2023-12-14T18:01:45Z

Geraki: + 5 categories using HotCat

'''Spiros Evangelatos''' ({{Lang-el|Σπύρος Ευαγγελάτος}}; October 20, 1940 – January 24, 2017) was a Greek [[Theatre|theater]] [[Director (creative work)|director]], academic, and member of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]].

Born in [[Athens]], Evangelatos was the son of composer and chief musician of the Greek National Opera, [[Antiochos Evangelatos]], and harpist Xenia Bourexaki. Influenced by his family's artistic background, he pursued a career in theater. He initially studied at the School of Philosophy, [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|University of Athens]], and then at the [[National Theatre of Greece Drama School]], graduating in 1961. Between 1966-1970, he furthered his studies in theater and theater studies on a scholarship at the [[University of Vienna]].

Evangelatos founded the "Neoelliniki Skini" in 1962 and collaborated with the [[National Theatre of Greece]] from 1971 to 1977, directing performances in the [[Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus|Theatre of Epidaurus]] and other locations. He served as the general director of the [[National Theatre of Northern Greece]] (1977-1980) and the director of the [[Greek National Opera]] (1984-1987).

In 1975, he established "Amphi-Theatro," organizing performances worldwide. In February 2011, he announced the suspension of "Amphi-Theatro" due to financial difficulties.

He was honored with the "Karolos Koun" award in 1988, the award of the Society of Greek Playwrights in 1994, and the Directing Award of the same society in 1996. He was also decorated with the [[Order of the Phoenix (Greece)|Order of the Phoenix]]. In 2005, he was elected a full member of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.academyofathens.gr/ecPage.asp?id=436&nt=18&lang=1|title=Λίστα με τα μέλη της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών|accessdate=2008-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407020639/http://www.academyofathens.gr/ecPage.asp?id=436&nt=18&lang=1|archivedate=2015-04-07|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://kapodistriako.uoa.gr/stories/062_in_01/index.php?m=2|title=Βιογραφικό σημείωμα του Ευαγγελάτου στο Καποδιστριακό πανεπιστήμιο|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513164936/http://www.kapodistriako.uoa.gr/stories/062_in_01/index.php?m=2|archivedate=2016-05-13|url-status=dead|accessdate=2008-06-05}}</ref>

In his academic career, Evangelatos became a [[Doctor (title)|doctor]] of the School of Philosophy at the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|University of Athens]] in 1970 and was elected associate professor in the Department of History and Archaeology in 1989. In 1991, he took over the newly established chair of the Department of Theatre Studies at the same university. He served as president of this department from 1997 to 1999.

On January 12, 2012, he was appointed vice-president of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]] and became its president in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tovima.gr/2012/01/13/culture/egkatastathike-o-neos-proedros-stin-akadimia-athinwn/|first1=Λαμπρινή|last1=Κουζέλη|title=Εγκαταστάθηκε ο νέος πρόεδρος στην Ακαδημία Αθηνών|website=[[Το Βήμα]]|date=2012-01-13|accessdate=2023-07-03}}</ref>

In his personal life, he was married to actress Lida Tasopoulou (1953-2005), with whom he had two children, Antiochos (1986-2010) and Katerina (1979-).

== References ==
<references />
{{authority control|show=arts}}

[[Category:Greek film directors]]
[[Category:Greek theatre directors]]
[[Category:Greek academics]]
[[Category:Members of the Academy of Athens (modern)]]
[[Category:National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni]]

Spiros Evangelatos

2023-12-14T18:00:54Z

Geraki: Based on elwiki

Asterios Peltekis

2023-12-13T17:27:09Z

Geraki: +Category:Greek male stage actors; +Category:Greek male television actors using HotCat

'''Asterios Peltekis''' ([[Thessaloniki]], 1974) is a [[Greeks|Greek]] [[actor]], [[Theatre director|director]] and [[Theatre|theater]] expert. From 2022 he is [[artistic director]] of the [[National Theatre of Northern Greece|National Theater of Northern Greece]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.periergos.gr/erotiseis/asterios-peltekis-viografia|title=Αστέριος Πελτέκης Βιογραφία|date=2016-04-13|website=periergos.gr|accessdate=2019-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news247.gr/politismos/theatro/poios-einai-o-asterios-peltekis-o-neos-kallitexnikos-diefthintis-tou-kthve/|title=Ποιος είναι ο Αστέριος Πελτέκης, ο νέος Καλλιτεχνικός Διευθυντής του ΚΘΒΕ|last=NEWSROOM|website=News 24/7|language=el|accessdate=2023-11-30|date=2022-03-24}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntng.gr/Default.aspx?lang=el-GR&page=64&item=32|title=Κρατικό Θέατρο Βορείου Ελλάδος - Συντελεστές|website=www.ntng.gr|language=el-GR|accessdate=2023-11-30}}</ref>

== Biography ==
He studied at the Higher School of Dramatic Art of the [[National Theatre of Northern Greece|National Theater of Northern Greece]] (NTNG) and at the Theater Department of the School of Fine Arts of the [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]], while he participated with a scholarship in the [[Union of the Theatres of Europe]], in a workshop, together with [[Peter Brook]] and [[Bruce Myers (actor)|Bruce Meyers]], on plays by Shakespeare (acting-directing).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fimes.gr/2019/12/asterios-peltekis-jumbo/|title=Αστέριος Πελτέκης: Ποιος ο ναυτικός στη διαφήμιση Jumbo που κάνει όλους να δακρύσουν [video]|last=|first=|date=2019-12-17|website=Φήμες|publisher=|language=el|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2019-12-23}}</ref> He is a PhD candidate at the [[Ionian University]] in cultural management. <ref name=":1" />

His career includes theatrical performances at the NTNG, the [[National Theatre of Greece|National Theatre]] , the [[Theatrical Organization of Cyprus]] , the [[Onassis Foundation]] Shelter, etc.<ref name=":1" /> On television, he has participated in the show ''Βότανα, μυστικά και θεραπείες (Herbs, Secrets and Remedies)'' , as well as in series such as: ''Dikaiosi'', ''Heroides'' , ''Koukles, O Prigkipas tis Fotias, [[Symmathites]]'' '','' ''San Oikogenia,'' ''Skhedon Pote,'' ''LAPD, I Tourta tis Mama, I Gi tis Elias.'' He has also taken part in a film film, telefilms''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unstage.gr/sintelestes/asteris-peltekis|title=Αστέρης Πελτέκης|website=unstage.gr|language=el|accessdate=2019-12-23}}</ref>'' and television commercials.<ref name=":0" />

He teaches in theater workshops and drama schools. From 2022 he is artistic director at NTNG.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
<references />
{{Authority control|show=arts}}

[[Category:Greek male stage actors]]
[[Category:Greek male television actors]]

Asterios Peltekis

2023-12-13T17:26:33Z

Geraki: Trans. from elwiki

Yuri Stupel

2023-12-13T11:44:24Z

Geraki: + authority control

'''Yuri Stupel''' (born December 26, 1953, in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]]) is a Bulgarian [[composer]] and [[Musician|performer]], renowned for his extensive work in [[Theatre music|theater music]]. He has been living and working in [[Greece]] for over two decades, contributing significantly to the cultural exchanges between Bulgaria and Greece.

== Early Life and Education ==
Stupel is the son of respected composer Petar Stupel. His mother, Lidia, is an [[opera]] singer known for her chamber performances.<ref name="БНР Новини - най-важното от България и света n141">{{cite web |title=Composer Yuri Stupel celebrates 60th birthday |url=https://bnr.bg/en/post/100277289/composer-yuri-stupel-celebrates-60th-birthday |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=БНР Новини - най-важното от България и света}}</ref> He began his musical journey at an early age, taking [[piano]] lessons and trying his hand at composing when he was just six years old.<ref name="БНР Новини - най-важното от България и света n141" /> Stupel graduated from the Academy of Music, Dance and Fine Arts in [[Plovdiv]], Bulgaria.

== Career ==
In the 1970s, Stupel formed the band Association with his friends Haygashot Agasyan, Kristian Boyadzhiev, and Georgi Denkov.<ref name="UBC">{{cite web |date=2018-05-17 |title=Stupel Yuri |url=https://ubc-bg.com/en/yuri-stupel/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Union of Bulgarian Composers}}</ref> He gained recognition as a [[pop music]] [[songwriter]], winning awards for his compositions in the 1970s. Stupel is also known for composing scores for over 250 TV serials, theater, and puppet productions, some of which won national and international prizes.<ref name="UBC" />

Stupel's work in Greece includes translating and staging two plays by his friend and collaborator [[Stefan Tsanev]], "The Last Night of Socrates" and "The True Death of Jeanne d'Arc".<ref name="synentefxi">{{cite web |title=Ο Βούλγαρος μουσικοσυνθέτης Γιούρι Στούπελ και η δραστηριότητα του στην Ελλαδα |url=https://bnr.bg/el/post/100275357/- |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=bnr.bg |language=el}}</ref> He has also created his own musical for children titled "The Violinist of the Sea".<ref name="synentefxi" />

Stupel has composed music for more than 350 theatrical productions. He believes in closely following the director's vision, ensuring that the music complements the overall production. His approach to composing for theater is to create a unified piece where the music does not overshadow other elements of the production.<ref name="cityportal">{{cite web |date=2009-07-14 |title=Συνέντευξη με τον Γιούρι Στούπελ |url=https://cityportal.gr/synenteyksh-me-ton-gioyri-stoypel-9895-140-13-0/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Cityportal.gr |language=el}}</ref>

Recently, Stupel has been involved in projects such as a one-man play dedicated to the life of ballet dancer [[Isadora Duncan]], where he participates as a pianist.<ref name="БНР Новини - най-важното от България и света n141" /> His compositions have been featured in various Greek festivals, with the [[Epidaurus Festival]] making a significant impression on him.<ref name="synentefxi" />

== References ==
<references />
{{Authority control|show=arts}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stupel, Yuri}}
[[Category:Bulgarian composers]]
[[Category:Bulgarian theatre people]]
[[Category:Greek theatre people]]

Yuri Stupel

2023-12-13T11:36:25Z

Geraki: From scratch

'''Yuri Stupel''' (born December 26, 1953, in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]]) is a Bulgarian [[composer]] and [[Musician|performer]], renowned for his extensive work in [[Theatre music|theater music]]. He has been living and working in [[Greece]] for over two decades, contributing significantly to the cultural exchanges between Bulgaria and Greece.

== Early Life and Education ==
Stupel is the son of respected composer Petar Stupel. His mother, Lidia, is an [[opera]] singer known for her chamber performances.<ref name="БНР Новини - най-важното от България и света n141">{{cite web |title=Composer Yuri Stupel celebrates 60th birthday |url=https://bnr.bg/en/post/100277289/composer-yuri-stupel-celebrates-60th-birthday |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=БНР Новини - най-важното от България и света}}</ref> He began his musical journey at an early age, taking [[piano]] lessons and trying his hand at composing when he was just six years old.<ref name="БНР Новини - най-важното от България и света n141" /> Stupel graduated from the Academy of Music, Dance and Fine Arts in [[Plovdiv]], Bulgaria.

== Career ==
In the 1970s, Stupel formed the band Association with his friends Haygashot Agasyan, Kristian Boyadzhiev, and Georgi Denkov.<ref name="UBC">{{cite web |date=2018-05-17 |title=Stupel Yuri |url=https://ubc-bg.com/en/yuri-stupel/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Union of Bulgarian Composers}}</ref> He gained recognition as a [[pop music]] [[songwriter]], winning awards for his compositions in the 1970s. Stupel is also known for composing scores for over 250 TV serials, theater, and puppet productions, some of which won national and international prizes.<ref name="UBC" />

Stupel's work in Greece includes translating and staging two plays by his friend and collaborator [[Stefan Tsanev]], "The Last Night of Socrates" and "The True Death of Jeanne d'Arc".<ref name="synentefxi">{{cite web |title=Ο Βούλγαρος μουσικοσυνθέτης Γιούρι Στούπελ και η δραστηριότητα του στην Ελλαδα |url=https://bnr.bg/el/post/100275357/- |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=bnr.bg |language=el}}</ref> He has also created his own musical for children titled "The Violinist of the Sea".<ref name="synentefxi" />

Stupel has composed music for more than 350 theatrical productions. He believes in closely following the director's vision, ensuring that the music complements the overall production. His approach to composing for theater is to create a unified piece where the music does not overshadow other elements of the production.<ref name="cityportal">{{cite web |date=2009-07-14 |title=Συνέντευξη με τον Γιούρι Στούπελ |url=https://cityportal.gr/synenteyksh-me-ton-gioyri-stoypel-9895-140-13-0/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Cityportal.gr |language=el}}</ref>

Recently, Stupel has been involved in projects such as a one-man play dedicated to the life of ballet dancer [[Isadora Duncan]], where he participates as a pianist.<ref name="БНР Новини - най-важното от България и света n141" /> His compositions have been featured in various Greek festivals, with the [[Epidaurus Festival]] making a significant impression on him.<ref name="synentefxi" />

== References ==
<references />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stupel, Yuri}}
[[Category:Bulgarian composers]]
[[Category:Bulgarian theatre people]]
[[Category:Greek theatre people]]

Yiannis Kyrou

2023-12-13T10:30:29Z

Geraki: removed Category:Theatre people; added Category:Greek scenic designers using HotCat

'''Yiannis Kyrou''' (1942 - 1991) was a Greek [[Scenic design|scenic]] and [[costume designer]], known for his significant contributions to [[Modern Greek theatre|theater]] and [[television in Greece]].

Born in [[Thessaloniki]], Kyrou pursued his education in scenic design at the [[Athens School of Fine Arts]] and continued his studies in [[Germany]]. Kyrou's career in stage design commenced in 1967 with his involvement in the Hellenic Choreodrama group of [[Rallou Manou]]. He gained recognition for his work in ''[[Pithoprakta]]'' by [[Iannis Xenakis]] and ''Apology of Clytemnestra'' by [[Theodore Antoniou]], which were acclaimed both in Greece and internationally. These productions were notably presented at the [[Shiraz Arts Festival]] in Iran.<ref name="Lamprakisbio">{{Cite book |last=Lamprakis |first=Lefteris |title=The world of Yiannis Kyrou - Settings, costumes and archival material from theater, dance, music and television projects |publisher=Municipal Art Gallery of Chania |year=2015 |isbn=978-618-5057-03-9 |location=Chania |pages=29}}</ref>

In television, Kyrou had a prominent role from 1975 onwards. He was responsible for the sets and costumes of over a hundred theatrical works broadcasted on television, including several TV series and shows.<ref name="Kounenaki">{{Cite book |last=Kounenaki |first=Peggy |title=The world of Yiannis Kyrou - Settings, costumes and archival material from theater, dance, music and television projects |year=2015 |editor-last=Lamprakis |editor-first=Lefteris |pages=15 |chapter=Scenography - the art of an ephemeral reality}}</ref> His film contributions included working as an assistant to [[Michael Cacoyannis]] on ''When the Fish Came Out'' (1966) and designing sets and costumes for [[Kostas Karagiannis|Kostas Karayiannis]]'s film ''Poniro thilyko... katergara gynaika!'' (1980), featuring [[Aliki Vougiouklaki|Aliki Vouyouklaki]].<ref name="Kounenaki" />

In the 1980s, Kyrou moved to [[Chania]], where he founded the Amateur Experimental Theater Arena. This initiative aimed to provide a platform for theatrical expression, focusing on quality and experimentation beyond professional boundaries.<ref name="tv">{{Cite book |title=The world of Yiannis Kyrou... |year=2015 |editor-last=Lamprakis |editor-first=Lefteris |pages=125 |chapter=In the world of the screen...}}</ref> Yiannis Kyrou passed away in 1991.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [https://www.ntng.gr/default.aspx?lang=el-GR&page=64&item=2850 Yannis Kyrou collaborations with the National Theatre of Northern Greece]
* [http://www.nt-archive.gr/peopleDetails.aspx?personID=1527 Yannis Kyrou collaborations with the National Theatre of Greece]
* [https://www.searchculture.gr/aggregator/persons/460766176?language=en Play programs by Yannis Kyrou]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kyrou, Yiannis}}
[[Category:Greek costume designers]]
[[Category:Greek scenic designers]]

Yiannis Kyrou

2023-12-13T10:30:03Z

Geraki: Created new article

Lina Lambraki

2023-12-10T12:32:47Z

Geraki: New article

'''Lina''' '''Lambrakis''' ([[Komotini]], 1935 - [[Thessaloniki]] , April 28, 2013) was a [[Greeks|Greek]] [[Actor|theater actress]].

== Biography ==
Born in 1935 in [[Komotini]], [[Thrace]], Lina Lambrakis studied at the Drama School of Lykourgos Stavrakos, in [[Athens]].<ref name="Αυγή2013">{{cite web|url=https://www.avgi.gr/arheio/50653_pethane-i-lina-lampraki|title=Πέθανε η Λίνα Λαμπράκη|website=[[Η Αυγή]]|date=2013-04-30|accessdate=2023-10-29}}</ref><ref name="LiFO2013">{{cite web|url=https://www.lifo.gr/culture/pethane-i-lina-lampraki|first1=Βαγγέλης|last1=Μακρής|title=Πέθανε η Λίνα Λαμπράκη|website=[[LiFO]]|date=2013-04-28|accessdate=2023-10-29}}</ref>

In 1971, she moved to [[Thessaloniki]], in order to work on behalf of the [[National Theatre of Northern Greece]], a collaboration which lasted for the rest of her life.<ref name="Αυγή2013" /><ref name="LiFO2013" /> Her first participation as an actress took place in 1972, in the play [[Iphigenia in Tauris|''Iphigenia in Tauris'']] by [[Euripides]]. <ref name="LiFO2013" />

Among her most important successes os her participation in the play [[Electra (Sophocles play)|''Electra'']] by [[Sophocles]], in 1975, directed by [[Minos Volanakis]], which was of decisive importance for the continuation of her professional career.<ref name="Αυγή2013" />

During the period between 1978 and 1980, he was a member of the local Representative Committee of the Union of Greek Actors , as well as, during the period between 1981 and 1983, a member of the board of directors of the National Theatre of Northern Greece.<ref name="LiFO2013" /> During the period between 1989 and 1990, she attempted to engage in politics through her candidacy as a Member of Parliament on behalf of the [[PASOK|Panhellenic Socialist Movement]].<ref name="LiFO2013" />

Her last participation was the anniversary performance "Mikra Dionysia", in 2011, directed by [[Yiannis Rigas]] and [[Grigoris Karatinakis]], in the context of the celebration of the 50 years of history of the National Theatre of Northern Greece.

After the end of her professional career as an actress, she pursued a career as an acting teacher within the Drama School of the National Theatre of Northern Greece.<ref name="Αυγή2013" /><ref name="LiFO2013" />

She passed away on April 2013, in the city of Thessaloniki where she lived, while her funeral took place a few days later 29 April 2013 in [[Thermi]].<ref name="Αυγή2013" />

== References ==
<references />
{{Authority control|show=arts}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lambraki, Lina}}
[[Category:Greek actresses]]
[[Category:Greek acting coaches]]
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]

Vassilis Rotas

2023-12-10T10:21:10Z

Geraki: two wives, more children

{{Short description|Greek author}}
[[File:ROTAS -1944.jpg|thumb]]
'''Vassilis Rotas''' (1889–1977) was a Greek politician, author and translator of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare's]] dramas from [[English language|English]] into [[Greek language|Greek]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Saraphē|first1=Marion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCSzc6em25gC&q=Vasilis+Rotas+nazi&pg=PA118|title=Background to Contemporary Greece|last2=Eve|first2=Martin|date=1990|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-85036-393-7|location=|pages=118|language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==
He was born in [[Chiliomodi]] on the [[Peloponnese (region)|Peloponnese]] in 1889 and studied literature at the [[University of Athens]] and drama at the [[Athens Conservatoire]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Rotas, Vasilis (1889-1977)|url=https://www.gedenkorte-europa.eu/de_de/article-rotas-vasilis-1889-1977.html|access-date=2021-02-14|website=www.gedenkorte-europa.eu}}</ref> Following he established the Popular Theatre of Athens in 1932 and during the 1930s, he translated some theater plays of William Shakespeare into Greek.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Holland|first=Peter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbjHkT1W1UgC&q=Vassilis+Rotas+died&pg=PA209|title=Shakespeare Survey: An Annual Survey of Shakespeare Studies and Production|date=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85074-2|location=|pages=209|language=en}}</ref>

After the [[German occupation of Greece|NAZI Germany occupied Greece]] in [[World War II]], he joined the [[National Liberation Front (Greece)|National Liberation Front]] (EAM)<ref name=":0" /> and established the Theater of the Mountains<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Diamantopoulou|first=Lilia|date=2016|title=Illustrierte Klassiker ,,Die spannendsten Geschichten der Weltliteratur" - in der griechischen Version|url=|journal=Historische Sozialkunde Geschichte - Fachdidaktik - Politische Bildung|volume=2/2016|pages=28–29|via=}}</ref> Following he toured the country with theater plays<ref name=":0" /> together with members of [[United Panhellenic Organization of Youth]] (EPON), the youth wing of the EAM.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Myrsiades|first=Linda S.|date=1991|title=Resistance Theater and the Germany Occupation|url=|journal=Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora|volume=17|issue=2|pages=12|via=}}</ref> He was the author of the hymn of the EAM to a melody of the russian [[Katyusha (song)|Katyusha]].<ref name=":0" /> He was the Director of Culture in the [[Political Committee of National Liberation]] (PEEA), the political resistance movement against NAZI Germany.<ref name=":0" /> Following the end of World War II, he was again involved in the translations of the works of Shakespeare.<ref name=":1" /> Rotas and [[Voula Damianakou]] published the magazine ''Laikos Logos'' between 1966 and 1967.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Calotychos|first=Vangelis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUg60LsbYcoC&q=Voula+Damianakou+works&pg=PA26|title=Manolis Anagnostakis: Poetry and Politics, Silence and Agency in Post-War Greece|date=2012-04-19|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-1-61147-466-4|location=|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> He died in 1977.<ref>Holland, Peter (2005), p.219</ref>

== Legacy ==
He was an important figure for the development of the greek language, preferring the [[Demotic Greek|Demotic]] over the [[Katharevousa]].<ref name=":2">Holland, Peter (2005), p.213</ref> Demotic became the official greek language in 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demotic Greek language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Demotic-Greek-language|access-date=2021-02-14|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> He is also the translator of the complete works of Shakespeare from English into Greek, often using words and terms seldom used in casual greek, both Kathaverousa and Demotic language.<ref name=":2" />

== Personal life ==
He got maried with his childhood friend Katerina Giannakopoulou and got three chiildren, one of them the prominent [[Greeks|Greek]] [[composer]] and [[Theatre|theatrical]] contributor [[Nikiforos Rotas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ρώτας Βασίλης: Τρυφερός Λόγιος Πολυπράγμων |url=https://www.peri-grafis.net/ergo.php?id=823 |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΦΗΣ}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last= |date=2004-11-18 |title=Πέθανε ο συνθέτης και μελετητής Νικηφόρος Ρώτας |url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/culture/200731/pethane-o-synthetis-kai-meletitis-nikiforos-rotas/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ |language=greek}}</ref> Later he was the partner of Velou Damianakou, who also was a member of the greek resistance against NAZI Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Guardian Staff|date=1999-02-21|title=Global plot that lured Kurds' hero into trap|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/21/theobserver1|access-date=2021-02-14|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Damianakou assisted him in several of the Shakespeares translations.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
<references />
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rotas, Vassilis}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Greek translators]]
[[Category:Greek writers]]
[[Category:Greek theatre people]]
[[Category:Greek politicians]]
[[Category:People from Corinth]]
[[Category:People from Tenea]]

Vassilis Rotas

2023-12-10T10:14:18Z

Geraki: son

{{Short description|Greek author}}
[[File:ROTAS -1944.jpg|thumb]]
'''Vassilis Rotas''' (1889–1977) was a Greek politician, author and translator of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare's]] dramas from [[English language|English]] into [[Greek language|Greek]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Saraphē|first1=Marion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCSzc6em25gC&q=Vasilis+Rotas+nazi&pg=PA118|title=Background to Contemporary Greece|last2=Eve|first2=Martin|date=1990|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-85036-393-7|location=|pages=118|language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==
He was born in [[Chiliomodi]] on the [[Peloponnese (region)|Peloponnese]] in 1889 and studied literature at the [[University of Athens]] and drama at the [[Athens Conservatoire]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Rotas, Vasilis (1889-1977)|url=https://www.gedenkorte-europa.eu/de_de/article-rotas-vasilis-1889-1977.html|access-date=2021-02-14|website=www.gedenkorte-europa.eu}}</ref> Following he established the Popular Theatre of Athens in 1932 and during the 1930s, he translated some theater plays of William Shakespeare into Greek.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Holland|first=Peter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbjHkT1W1UgC&q=Vassilis+Rotas+died&pg=PA209|title=Shakespeare Survey: An Annual Survey of Shakespeare Studies and Production|date=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85074-2|location=|pages=209|language=en}}</ref>

After the [[German occupation of Greece|NAZI Germany occupied Greece]] in [[World War II]], he joined the [[National Liberation Front (Greece)|National Liberation Front]] (EAM)<ref name=":0" /> and established the Theater of the Mountains<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Diamantopoulou|first=Lilia|date=2016|title=Illustrierte Klassiker ,,Die spannendsten Geschichten der Weltliteratur" - in der griechischen Version|url=|journal=Historische Sozialkunde Geschichte - Fachdidaktik - Politische Bildung|volume=2/2016|pages=28–29|via=}}</ref> Following he toured the country with theater plays<ref name=":0" /> together with members of [[United Panhellenic Organization of Youth]] (EPON), the youth wing of the EAM.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Myrsiades|first=Linda S.|date=1991|title=Resistance Theater and the Germany Occupation|url=|journal=Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora|volume=17|issue=2|pages=12|via=}}</ref> He was the author of the hymn of the EAM to a melody of the russian [[Katyusha (song)|Katyusha]].<ref name=":0" /> He was the Director of Culture in the [[Political Committee of National Liberation]] (PEEA), the political resistance movement against NAZI Germany.<ref name=":0" /> Following the end of World War II, he was again involved in the translations of the works of Shakespeare.<ref name=":1" /> Rotas and [[Voula Damianakou]] published the magazine ''Laikos Logos'' between 1966 and 1967.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Calotychos|first=Vangelis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUg60LsbYcoC&q=Voula+Damianakou+works&pg=PA26|title=Manolis Anagnostakis: Poetry and Politics, Silence and Agency in Post-War Greece|date=2012-04-19|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-1-61147-466-4|location=|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> He died in 1977.<ref>Holland, Peter (2005), p.219</ref>

== Legacy ==
He was an important figure for the development of the greek language, preferring the [[Demotic Greek|Demotic]] over the [[Katharevousa]].<ref name=":2">Holland, Peter (2005), p.213</ref> Demotic became the official greek language in 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demotic Greek language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Demotic-Greek-language|access-date=2021-02-14|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> He is also the translator of the complete works of Shakespeare from English into Greek, often using words and terms seldom used in casual greek, both Kathaverousa and Demotic language.<ref name=":2" />

== Personal life ==
He was the partner of Velou Damianakou, who also was a member of the greek resistance against NAZI Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Guardian Staff|date=1999-02-21|title=Global plot that lured Kurds' hero into trap|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/21/theobserver1|access-date=2021-02-14|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Damianakou assisted him in several of the Shakespeares translations.<ref name=":1" /> Their son was the prominent [[Greeks|Greek]] [[composer]] and [[Theatre|theatrical]] contributor [[Nikiforos Rotas]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last= |date=2004-11-18 |title=Πέθανε ο συνθέτης και μελετητής Νικηφόρος Ρώτας |url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/culture/200731/pethane-o-synthetis-kai-meletitis-nikiforos-rotas/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ |language=greek}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rotas, Vassilis}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Greek translators]]
[[Category:Greek writers]]
[[Category:Greek theatre people]]
[[Category:Greek politicians]]
[[Category:People from Corinth]]
[[Category:People from Tenea]]

Stavros Xarchakos

2023-12-08T12:02:06Z

Geraki: added link to Diagoras Chronopoulos

{{Short description|Greek composer and conductor}}
{{no footnotes|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Stavros Xarchakos
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
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| alt =
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| background = non_performing_personnel
| native_name = Σταύρος Ξαρχάκος
| native_name_lang =
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1939|03|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Athens]], Greece
| origin =
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| genre = [[Éntekhno]]
| occupation = Composer, conductor
| instrument =
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| website = 
}}
'''Stavros Xarchakos''', [[Greek language|Greek]]: Σταύρος Ξαρχάκος {{IPA-el|ˈstavros ksarˈxakos|}} (born 14 March 1939) is a Greek [[composer]] and [[Conducting|conductor]].

Stavros Xarchakos was born in [[Athens]], where he studied at the [[Athens Conservatoire]]. He has family origins from the [[Mani Peninsula]]. He emerged in the Greek music scene around 1963, composing music for the theatre and cinema. Among his collaborators was lyricist [[Lefteris Papadopoulos]] and singer [[Nikos Xilouris|Nikos Xylouris]].

In 1967 he went to [[Paris]] to study with [[Nadia Boulanger]]. He stayed in Paris for four years, and then studied with [[David Diamond (composer)|David Diamond]] at the [[Juilliard School of Music]] in New York. He served as director of the National Orchestra of Greek Music.{{cn|date=February 2021}}

He was later involved in politics and was elected Member of the Greek Parliament twice, before becoming a [[Member of the European Parliament]] (MEP) from 2000 to 2004. He was again a candidate for the European Parliament with [[New Democracy (Greece)|New Democracy]], in the elections of 25 May 2014, but was not elected.

==Biography==

'''Εarly years'''
Stavros Xarchakos was born on March 14, 1939, in the centre of Athens, where he lives to this day. He comes from Laconian Mani. Growing up in a neighbourhood of the capital, where the arts flourished, he came into contact with folk and rebetiko songs, but also with the European music, broadcast on the radio, while he was strongly influenced by church music. He also received musical inspiration from his grandmother, who played the guitar and sang along with arias from operas and cantadas. From an early age he showed an interest in music and attended cello and piano lessons.

'''Studies'''
In 1958 he was admitted to the Athens Conservatory, where his first studies in music took place. In 1968, while he was at a very productive moment in his career, wishing to develop his music and broaden his knowledge, he decided to study music and composition in Paris, as a student of the leading French musicologist and pedagogue Nadia Boulanger, until 1973.

In 1978, wishing to study the technique of classical music and immerse himself in harmony, composition and orchestra conducting, he decided to continue his studies at the Julliard School in New York, at the urging of Leonard Bernstein, with whom he corresponded, after he was brought into contact with him by Kimon Friar, an internationally renowned academic and translator of the work of Nikos Kazantzakis. At the Julliard School he studied alongside David Diamond for three years. He was taught score analysis under Bernstein for two years and conducted many concerts. An example is the concert held in New York, in which he conducted the city's Symphony Orchestra.

'''Discography - Performances
'''
At the beginning of his career, he distinguished himself as a composer of film and theatre music. His album production begins in 1963 and includes more than –45- records, music for –21- films and -15- television productions.

In 1961 he composed music for Jane Arden's play "The Party", while in 1963, at the age of 24, he took over the music composition for the emblematic film "Ta kokkina Fanaria", directed by Vassilis Georgiadis. The film received rave reviews and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1964 and was suggested for nomination for the Palme d'Or prize at the Cannes Film Festival. The same-titled album was released that year and was enriched with new songs. A little later he composed music for the film "Lola" directed by Dinos Dimopoulos. Among the musical themes and songs of the film, "Hathike to Feggari" stood out, performed by Vicky Moscholiou.

In 1964, he composed the music for the songs included in a series of documentaries entitled "Melina's Greece", which were created by the American television network ABC to promote Greece. Melina Merkouri, performed the songs "Ti exei kai klaiei to paidi" and "Na me thymasai” with lyrics by Eftychia Papagiannopoulou and Vangelis Goufas, respectively.

In 1965 he composed the music for the film "Monterna Stachtompouta (Modern Cinderella)" written and directed by Alekos Sakellariou, while the following year for the film "Diplopenies" directed by Giorgos Scalenakis. The second film features the songs "Matia Vourkomena", "Stou Othona ta chronia" and "Me ti kardia (Farewell)", in lyrics by Nikos Gatsos, performed by the actor Dimitris Papamichail. The film was presented at the San Sebastián festival and the Cannes Film Festival under the title "the syrtaki" and travelled to Japan, England and France. The album was released the following year in an English version, with Grigoris Bithikotsis, Vicky Moscholiou and Stamatis Kokota as performers. In 1966, the album "I Ellas xwris syntrimia" was released, which includes his and Theodorakis songs. His music had accompanied the documentary of the same title by Angelos Lambros.

In 1968 he composed the music for the film "Koritsia ston Hlio", directed by Vasilis Georgiadis, which won -4- awards at the Thessaloniki Film Festival,
including best music, while in 1969 the movie was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In 1968, his first work on the rebetiko song titled "Markos o daskalos mas" was released, which includes –12- songs by Markos Vamvakaris, from his own perspective.

In 1972, the film was presented in Japan. He also composed -5- of the songs included in Nana Mouschouri's album "Spiti mou Spitaki mou", with lyrics by Nikos Gatsos. In the same year, he composed the music for the film "Lysistrata", the well-known ancient comedy of Aristophanes. In 1973, he composed the music for the TV series "Oi emporoi twn ethnwn", based on the same-titled novel by Alexandros Papadiamantis. There, the memorable song "Htane mia fora" performed by Nikos Xylouris is heard for the first time.

In 1973, he also composed the music for the theatrical performance "To megalo mas tsirko", by Iakovos Campanellis, in which - using satire and drama - a look back at the modern history of the country takes place. The play became a vehicle for expressing the protest of the Greek citizens against the dictatorial regime and the actors were persecuted. After the restoration of democracy, he composed the music for the song "Proskynima" which was added to the performance to honour the victims of the Polytechnic University. In 1966, together with Manos Hadjidakis and Mikis Theodorakis, they fought for the abolition of art censorship, which had been imposed by the dictatorial regime. He and the performer Nikos Xylouris, used to sing at the Polytechnic University supporting the anti-dictatorship struggle of the students.

In 1974, the album "Nyn kai aei" was released, performed by Viki Moscholiou and Nikos Dimitratos, as well as the album "Syllogi" performed by Nikos Xylouris. In 1976 he composed the music for the play "O peirasmos" by Grigoris Xenopoulos, with the album of the same title released the following year with the protagonist of the play, Aliki Vougiouklakis, as the performer.

Also, driven by his love and interest in classical music, in addition to folk and art music, he has composed works for a symphony orchestra, among which stand out the symphonic poem of 1969 "Kyra-Panagia", the "Piano Concerto" of 1971, "Endopsis" of 1979 for baritone and orchestra, in poetry by Giorgos Seferis, the suite for orchestra of 1982 "Anamniseis".

Returning from his studies in New York in 1983, he composed the music for the film "To Rebetiko", directed by Kostas Ferris. The lyrics of the songs were written by Nikos Gatsos. The film won -4- awards at the Thessaloniki Film Festival, including the special music award. The film won the Silver Bear award at the 34th Berlin Film Festival, while at the same time it was distinguished at the Valencia and Alexandria Film Festivals. In the same year he composed the music for the BBC television series "The dark side of the Sun", filmed in Rhodes, while in 1986 he composed the music for the film "Sweet Country", directed by Michalis Kakogiannis, which deals with the events of the dictatorship in Chile.

In 1986, his song "Ta traina po fygan" was performed by the Greek mezzo-soprano Agnes Baltsa, to be included in the album released
internationally entitled "Songs my country taught me". His collaboration with Mpaltsa includes concerts in major theatres of the world in Austria, Japan, the USA and Germany.

In 1988, a concert was held at the "Pallas" theatre in which Giorgos Dalaras and Dimitra Galani performed, while an album was released the same year under the title "Synaulia". In 1989 he met musically - for the first and last time on stage - with Manos Hadjidakis and Mikis Theodorakis at the Olympic Stadium. He conducted the orchestra for a large part of the concert, with Mikis Theodorakis performing popular songs. Their musical coexistence in the concert that took place is one of the most emblematic moments in the history of modern Greek music.

In 1989 he was elected a municipal councillor in the Municipality of Athens and served as deputy mayor for Cultural Affairs. He was also elected as a Member of Parliament in Athens from 1989 to 1990, when he resigned.

In 1991, the album "To kata Markon" was released with lyrics by Nikos Gatsos and performance by Giorgos Dalaras. In 1994 he collaborated again with Nana Mouschouri, composing the music for the album "Agapi einai Zoi", for which lyrics were written by Nikos Gatsos and Manos Hadjidakis. In that year, he composed the music and took over the theatre direction for the play "Aman - Amen", which presents the history of the Rebetiko song. He was also awarded as Doctor of Fine Arts at Adelphi University of New York.

In 1995 he took over the artistic direction of the State Orchestra of Hellenic Music (KOEM) which he conducted in many concerts, nationally and internationally. In 1996 he composed the music for the lyrical tragedy LLanto por Ignacio Sanchez Mejias (Funeral Song for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias), based on the same-titled poem of Federico Garcia Lorca, which was directed by Pierre Jourdan and presented at the Imperial Theatre of Compiegne.

In 1996, he also held a concert at the Berlin Opera with the participation of Dimitra Galani and KOEM, while in 1998, in collaboration with the Gennadeion Library of Athens, he presented the performance "Ode Poreias - Ode for Journey", conducting KOEM at Carnegie Hall of New York. In 1999, he conducted the musical performance "Magikes Nychtes", which took place at the Herodes Atticus Conservatory. As a tribute to the fifteen years since the death of Vassilis Tsitsanis, -25- top songs were presented, in his own orchestrations.

In 1999, the "Requiem - Night and Light" concert was held, co-produced by Greece, France and Belgium, under the light of the full moon, and under the imposing rock of Meteora, Thessaly. The performance was inspired by the unfinished "Requiem" as composed by Mozart. He conducted the National Symphony Orchestra of Lithuania, while the choirs of Philippopolis, Lithuania and Belgrade also participated. In 2000, conducting the State Orchestra of Greek Music, he held a tribute concert at the Herodes Atticus Conservatory, for the 75th anniversary of Mikis Theodorakis birth, in which the composer was present. At the same year he presented the opera "Le visiter", while the
following year he curated a concert - a tribute to the work of Mikis Theodorakis- in which he conducted the KOEM. Both performances were held at the Imperial Theatre in Compiegne, France.

From 2000 to 2004 he was elected and served as a Greek Member of the European Parliament. During his term of office, he focused his interest on culture and education issues, making speeches and submitting relevant proposals and suggestions, within the framework of his institutional role. From 2000 to 2002 he was a substitute member of the Culture, Youth, Education, Media and Sports Committee, while from 2002 to 2004 a regular member of the same Committee. Among other things, he was a regular member of the Development & Cooperation and Reports Committees.

In 2001, the world-famous tenor Jose Carreras, accompanied by the Vienna Symphony Orchestra, performed the song "Ta traina pou fygan" which was included under the title "Volve" on the album "Around the World".

In 2004, he composed the emblematic music, which was heard at the opening ceremony of the 28th Summer Olympic Games in Athens, "To zeibekiko tou Dia", by which he travelled Greek music all over the world. At the same time, he composed the music for the ancient tragedy "Troades" by Euripides, directed by [[Diagoras Chronopoulos]]. The premiere of the film took place in the ancient theatre of Epidaurus and from there it travelled to Turkey, where it was presented for the first time in the ancient theatre of Troy. From 2005 to 2006 he was the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Hellenic Cultural Foundation.

In 2006, he orchestrated the album "Erimia" by Mikis Theodorakis with lyrics by Lefteris Papadopoulos, with performers Maria Farandouri and Manolis Mitsias. In 2008, he conducted the KOEM in a concert with the mezzo-soprano Agnes Baltsa at the Athens Concert Hall, the proceeds of which were allocated to the charity "I Agapi". In 2009, he presented his opera "Syrano and Roxani" at the National Opera, in a co-production with the Compiagne Imperial Theatre of France.

With a continuous presence at the Conservatory of Herodes Atticus, which constitutes a place of indescribable value and beauty for the world's cultural heritage, he has created and performed unforgettable evenings celebrating music. In 2009, it was the place where his partnership with Agnes Baltsa was repeated with the concert entitled "The songs of my homeland". In 2011 he presented songs by Hadjidakis, Theodorakis and his own, allocating the proceeds to the charity organization "together for the child". Also, in 2013, as part of a tribute to Melina Merkouris, he held a concert, in the second part of the show, presenting songs performed by the great Greek actress. In 2014, a retrospective of his musical career took place, through the show "Mana mou Hellas".

A landmark is the concert held at Carnegie Hall in New York in 2014 entitled "Greece for a Lifetime" in which a nine-member folk orchestra participated, while Stamatis Kokotas and Iro Saia sang. In 2015, he composed
music for the poem by Yiannis Ritsos "I sonata tou Selinofwtos" and held a performance at the Herodes Atticus Conservatory, in which the songs were performed by the famous Greek singer Marinella.

As part of his charity action, in 2016, he held a grand concert, with the aim of collecting food, in which he presented top songs of his musical career, in the packed Panathinaikos Stadium (Kallimarmaro). His songs were performed by renowned Greek singers.

He presented three major concerts in Cyprus in 2017, while in 2018, he held an opening concert at the international Oud artistic festival in Jerusalem. In 2019, he held a concert in Safra Square in Jerusalem, which was attended mainly by Israeli citizens, who love Greek music.

In 2018, the President of Israel awarded him at a ceremony which was held at the Ambassador’s residence in Athens, for his valuable contribution and promotion of the development of Israel’s and Greece’s cultural bonds and relations. At the same year, he was awarded as an honorary Doctor of the Department of Digital Media and Communication of Technological Institute of Western Macedonia, while in 2019 he was honoured in the same way by the Department of Music of the Faculty of Philosophy of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.

In 2020, he held the concert "5 popular forms in an intensely erotic way", at the Herodes Atticus Conservatory, in the context of which songs from the works of Hadjidakis, Theodorakis, Tsitsanis, Vamvakaris and his own were presented. In 2021, on the occasion of the celebration of the -200- years since the liberation of Greece, he prepared and presented at the Conservatory a concert entitled "Thelei areti kai tolmi ... to tragoudi", paraphrasing the words of the Greek poet Andreas Kalvos. In 2022, a tribute concert to Nikos Xylouris was held, while this year two performances will be presented at the Conservatory, as part of the Athens and Epidaurus festival, during which he will enlist the power of songs which "point the way, are allies in the fight for a better life and banish fear", as he states.

His presence is intense and in a creative way and mood, he approaches Greek music by preparing performances, which are presented throughout the country, at festivals, archaeological monuments, emblematic theatres and places of historical value and importance. Through their conduct, he wishes to promote Greek songs and musical tradition and to contribute to their evolvement.

He has orchestrated many of his own songs, especially when they are going to be presented in concerts and performances, as well as other leading composers’ music in order to approach songs from his own perspective, bring out their identity and scope and breathe new life into them.

Together with Manos Hatzidakis and Mikis Theodorakis, they are considered the trio of leading Greek composers who created and established the "artistic folk" song, enriching its repertoire with popular songs and orchestral works.

==Music==
While he mainly composed in the style of Greek popular music, [[Laïka]], Xarchakos also composed in the classical music genre.

His music has been recorded to 42 albums, has been used in 21 movies and for 15 TV productions. Internationally he is known as the composer for the ''[[Rembetiko (film)|Rembetiko]]'' film score, composing the music for the Werner Herzog film ''[[Signs of Life (1968 film)|Signs Of Life]]'', and composing the music for the 1983 BBC TV mini series, ''[[The Dark Side of the Sun (TV serial)|The Dark Side of the Sun]]''.

==External links==
* {{MEP}}
* {{IMDb name|id=nm0944366}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xarchakos, Stavros}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:20th-century male musicians]]
[[Category:Greek classical musicians]]
[[Category:Greek film score composers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male film score composers]]
[[Category:MEPs for Greece 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Musicians from Athens]]
[[Category:20th-century Greek musicians]]
[[Category:New Democracy (Greece) MEPs]]

{{greece-composer-stub}}
{{greece-musician-stub}}
{{Greece-MEP-stub}}

Diagoras Chronopoulos

2023-12-08T11:58:29Z

Geraki: From scratch

'''Diagoras Chronopoulos''' (1939-2015) was a [[Greeks|Greek]] [[actor]], [[Theatre director|director]], [[cultural manager]], [[Theatrical producer|producer]], and [[Acting coach|acting teacher]], recognized as one of the most significant artistic personalities of his generation.

He was born in [[Jerusalem]], where his father served as a [[philologist]], and returned to [[Greece]] with his family in 1948.

Chronopoulos studied [[Law]] at the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens]] and concurrently attended the Drama School of the "''Art Theater''" founded by [[Karolos Koun]]. In 1965, he moved to [[Paris]], where he worked at the Théâtre populaire. From the early 1966 until 1971, he was in charge of the visual and auditory media department of ADEL S.A. advertising company.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Σελλά |first=Όλγα |date=2015-03-12 |title=Διαγόρας Χρονόπουλος: Ενας ακάματος εργάτης της τέχνης |language=el |work=Kathimerini |url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/culture/theater/806880/diagoras-chronopoylos-enas-akamatos-ergatis-tis-technis/ |access-date=2023-12-08}}</ref>

Later in his career, Chronopoulos focused on producing films, documentaries, television series, and commercials for [[Television in Greece|Greek television]] and [[Cinema of Greece|cinema]]. He was arrested and imprisoned for his resistance activities against the [[Greek junta|regime of the colonels]] during the military dictatorship in Greece.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Διαγόρας Χρονόπουλος |url=https://www.sansimera.gr/biographies/1246 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=SanSimera.gr |language=el}}</ref>

Chronopoulos held numerous public positions, such as the president of the Greek Directors' Society, the president of the Greek Advertising Film Producers Association, a board member of [[National Broadcasting Television (Greece)|ERT]] S.A., and the director of Television of [[ERT1|ET1]]. <ref name=":0" />He also served as the General Secretary and the Deputy Artistic Director of the [[National Theatre of Greece|National Theater of Greece]] and as the artistic director of the [[National Theatre of Northern Greece]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-11 |title=Διαγόρας Χρονόπουλος |url=https://www.whoiswhogreece.com/diagoras-xronopoulos/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Who is Who Greece - Βιογραφίες Διαπρεπών Ελλήνων |language=en-US}}</ref>

As an actor, Chronopoulos appeared in several productions of the "Theatre of Art" and collaborated with various private theatrical troupes, also participating in Greek cinema. He was married twice, first to Eleni Mavili - Fotopoulou, with whom he had two children, and later to the actress and politician [[Eleni Kourkoula]].<ref name=":1" />

Diagoras Chronopoulos passed away on March 11, 2015, after a battle with [[cancer]], at the age of 76.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=«Έφυγε» ο Διαγόρας Χρονόπουλος - Εθνικό Θέατρο |url=https://www.n-t.gr/el/news/?nid=1593 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=National Theatre |language=el}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chronopoulos, Diagoras}}
[[Category:Greek actors]]
[[Category:Greek directors]]
[[Category:Greek theatre directors]]
[[Category:Greek theatre people]]
[[Category:Greek television people]]

Nikiforos Rotas

2023-12-08T11:04:49Z

Geraki: defaultsort

'''Nikiforos Rotas''' ({{Lang-el|Νικηφόρος Ρώτας}}; Athens, 1929-2004), was a prominent [[Greeks|Greek]] [[composer]] and [[Theatre|theatrical]] contributor.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2004-11-18 |title=Πέθανε ο συνθέτης και μελετητής Νικηφόρος Ρώτας |url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/culture/200731/pethane-o-synthetis-kai-meletitis-nikiforos-rotas/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ |language=greek}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Αραβανής |first=Σπύρος |title=Νικηφόρος Ρώτας (1929-2004), «Τραγούδια Καβάφη», Στάσις 2007 |url=http://www.poiein.gr/2014/09/27/ieecounio-nthoao-1929-2004-onaaiyaea-eaauoc-oouoeo-2007/ |website=ΠΟΙΕΙΝ}}</ref>

Rotas was the son of poet and playwright [[Vassilis Rotas]] and Katerina Giannakopoulou. Educated in music from a young age, Rotas was awarded a scholarship to [[Athens College]] in 1939, where he studied under [[Minos Dounias]]. He was self-taught in playing the beaked [[flute]] and practiced both Western and [[Greek traditional music]]. During the [[Axis occupation of Greece|German Occupation of Greece]], he attended the Theatrical Workshop, focusing on [[Byzantine music]] under [[Simon Karas]]. Post-1944, he was involved in the [[Mountain Theater]], contributing as a flute player, teacher, and director.<ref name=":0" />

Rotas pursued further studies in [[Musical composition|composition]] and [[oboe]] at the [[University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna|Music Academy of Vienna]], returning to Greece in 1962 to work as a freelance composer. His compositions encompass over 100 works, including large [[Symphony|symphonic pieces]], [[chamber music]], [[Oratorio|oratorios]], [[Cantata|cantatas]], [[Ballet (music)|ballet music]], and [[electronic music]]. He composed for theater, film, and television, notably including [[Greek tragedy|ancient Greek tragedies]] and [[Ancient Greek comedy|comedies]] performed at Greek festivals and internationally.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

In addition to his compositions, Rotas was known for his theoretical work in music. He published ''How We Listen to Music'' in 1986, focusing on the relationship between music elements and society. His other contributions include original radio broadcast series, an unpublished experimental method for teaching music in primary schools, studies, a television screenplay, articles, and lectures.<ref name=":1" />

He passed away at the age of 75 due to a severe illness.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Rotas, Nikiforos}}
[[Category:Greek composers]]
[[Category:Greek theatre people]]

Nikiforos Rotas

2023-12-08T11:04:15Z

Geraki: +Category:Greek composers; +Category:Greek theatre people using HotCat

'''Nikiforos Rotas''' ({{Lang-el|Νικηφόρος Ρώτας}}; Athens, 1929-2004), was a prominent [[Greeks|Greek]] [[composer]] and [[Theatre|theatrical]] contributor.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2004-11-18 |title=Πέθανε ο συνθέτης και μελετητής Νικηφόρος Ρώτας |url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/culture/200731/pethane-o-synthetis-kai-meletitis-nikiforos-rotas/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ |language=greek}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Αραβανής |first=Σπύρος |title=Νικηφόρος Ρώτας (1929-2004), «Τραγούδια Καβάφη», Στάσις 2007 |url=http://www.poiein.gr/2014/09/27/ieecounio-nthoao-1929-2004-onaaiyaea-eaauoc-oouoeo-2007/ |website=ΠΟΙΕΙΝ}}</ref>

Rotas was the son of poet and playwright [[Vassilis Rotas]] and Katerina Giannakopoulou. Educated in music from a young age, Rotas was awarded a scholarship to [[Athens College]] in 1939, where he studied under [[Minos Dounias]]. He was self-taught in playing the beaked [[flute]] and practiced both Western and [[Greek traditional music]]. During the [[Axis occupation of Greece|German Occupation of Greece]], he attended the Theatrical Workshop, focusing on [[Byzantine music]] under [[Simon Karas]]. Post-1944, he was involved in the [[Mountain Theater]], contributing as a flute player, teacher, and director.<ref name=":0" />

Rotas pursued further studies in [[Musical composition|composition]] and [[oboe]] at the [[University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna|Music Academy of Vienna]], returning to Greece in 1962 to work as a freelance composer. His compositions encompass over 100 works, including large [[Symphony|symphonic pieces]], [[chamber music]], [[Oratorio|oratorios]], [[Cantata|cantatas]], [[Ballet (music)|ballet music]], and [[electronic music]]. He composed for theater, film, and television, notably including [[Greek tragedy|ancient Greek tragedies]] and [[Ancient Greek comedy|comedies]] performed at Greek festivals and internationally.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

In addition to his compositions, Rotas was known for his theoretical work in music. He published ''How We Listen to Music'' in 1986, focusing on the relationship between music elements and society. His other contributions include original radio broadcast series, an unpublished experimental method for teaching music in primary schools, studies, a television screenplay, articles, and lectures.<ref name=":1" />

He passed away at the age of 75 due to a severe illness.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Greek composers]]
[[Category:Greek theatre people]]

Nikiforos Rotas

2023-12-08T11:03:13Z

Geraki: Created new article

Talk:Alkis Pierrakos

2023-12-08T09:54:19Z

Geraki: WikiProjects

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{{WikiProject Greece|class=Start|importance=Low}}
{{WikiProject Visual arts|class=Start}}
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Talk:Tony Spiteris

2023-12-08T09:54:07Z

Geraki: WikiProjects

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Talk:Katerina Chalepa-Katsatou

2023-12-08T09:54:00Z

Geraki: WikiProjects

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{{WikiProject Greece|class=Start|importance=Low}}
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{{WikiProject Sculpture |class=Start}}
{{WikiProject Women artists |class=Start}}
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Jeanne Spiteris

2023-12-08T09:47:12Z

Geraki: link

'''Jeanne Spiteris''' or '''Ioanna Spiteri''' or '''Ioanna Veropoulou-Spiteri''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Ιωάννα Βεροπούλου - Σπητέρη; 1920–2000) was a Greek post-war sculptor and a representative of [[Expressionism]].

== Biography ==
Born in [[Athens]] as '''Ioanna Veropoulou''', she was originally from [[İzmir|Smyrna]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Μυρτσιωτη |first=Γιωτα |date=2021-04-19 |title=Τιμή σε μια μεγάλη Ελληνίδα |url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/culture/561333658/timi-se-mia-megali-ellinida/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ |language=greek}}</ref> She married the [[art critic]] [[Tony Spiteris]] in 1941. She studied law at the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|University of Athens]] and later sculpture at the [[Athens School of Fine Arts]] (1947-1952) under the prominent sculptor [[Michael Tombros]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title="Ιωάννα-Giovanna-Jeanne Spiteris/Σπητέρη" |url=https://www.teloglion.gr/ektheseis/psifiaki-parousiasi-tis-ekthesis-ioanna-govanna-jeanne-spiteris-spiteri/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Τελλόγλειο |language=el}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Σπητέρη Ιωάννα |url=https://www.nationalgallery.gr/artist/spiteri-ioanna/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Εθνική Πινακοθήκη |language=el}}</ref> Between 1958 and 1963 she lived in [[Venice]] and for the next thirteen years in [[Paris]]. Since 1976 Spiteris has lived and worked between Athens and Paris.<ref name=":0" /> Her studio was designed in 1957 by Aristomenis Provelenghios, an associate of [[Le Corbusier]]. It later served as a home, studio space and exhibition space for other artists and "trailblazers."<ref name="Artforum">{{cite web |last1=Bailey |first1=Stephanie |title=The Magic Circle |url=https://www.artforum.com/events/loraini-alimantiri-gazonrouge-192815/ |website=Artforum |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref>

Her first solo exhibition was held in 1960, followed by many others in Greece and abroad.<ref name=":2" /> She participated in exhibitions such as ''Greek Artists'' (New York, 1958), the ''[[Salon des Realites Nouvelles]]'' (1963, 1965) and the [[Sao-Paulo Biennale|8th Biennale of São Paulo]] (1963). During the 1980s, Spiteris and her husband donated their archives, books but also many of her artworks to the [[Teloglion Fine Arts Foundation|Teloglion Foundation of Arts]] in [[Thessaloniki]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> She died in Athens in 2000.<ref name=":2" />

Her apprenticeship with Tombros and her stay abroad influenced her artistic style. She is classified as an expressionist artist, with obvious influences from [[Cubism]] (French Cubisme) in her early works.<ref>Συλλογικό έργο (2006). ''Εθνική Γλυπτοθήκη, Μόνιμη Συλλογ''ή. Athens: National Gallery. p. 254.</ref> Her later work is characterised by a preference for strictly structured geometric forms and a love of the play of light shading created by natural light on the material. She worked mainly in metal. Her sculptures were often monumental and can be found in public spaces in [[Greece]] and [[France]]. Another aspect of her work was designing costumes for theatrical performances.<ref name=":2" />

==Collections==
Spiteris' work is held in the permanent collections of the [[National Gallery (Athens)|National Gallery of Greece]], the [[Teloglion Fine Arts Foundation|Teloglion Foundation of Arts]], the [[Museum of Contemporary Art (Skopje)|Museum of Contemporary Art in Skopje]] etc.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="MOCAS">{{cite web |title=Jeanne Spiteris Veropoulou |url=https://msu.mk/collection/jeanne-spiteris-veropoulou-2/ |website=Museum of Contemporary Art Skopje |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== Bibliography ==

* Συλλογικό έργο (2006). ''Εθνική Γλυπτοθήκη, Μόνιμη Συλλογ''ή. Athens: [[National Gallery (Athens)|National Gallery]]. p. 254.

== External links ==
* "[https://www.nationalgallery.gr/artist/spiteri-ioanna/ Σπητέρη Ιωάννα]". ''Εθνική Πινακοθήκη'' (in Greek). Retrieved 2023-11-29.

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spiteris, Jeanne}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Greek sculptors]]
[[Category:Artists from Athens]]

Talk:Katerina Chalepa-Katsatou

2023-12-08T09:45:44Z

Geraki: ←Created page with '{{WikiProjectBannerShell|1= {{WikiProject Biography|living=no |class=Start |a&e-priority=Low |a&e-work-group=yes |listas=Chalepa-Katsatou, Katerina }} {{WikiProject Greece|class=Start|importance=Low}} {{WikiProject Visual arts|class=Start}} }}'

Katerina Chalepa-Katsatou

2023-12-08T09:41:38Z

Geraki: +Category:Greek women sculptors; +Category:20th-century Greek sculptors‎ using HotCat

'''Katerina Chalepa-Katsatou''' (April 9, 1925 - June 10, 2004) was a prominent Greek sculptor, member of a distinguished family of artists.

Born in Athens, she was the daughter of Vassiliou Chalepas and Irene Iakovou Kouvaras and was the third generation of the Chalepas family in the field of sculpture, as she was a great-niece of [[Yannoulis Chalepas|Yiannoulis Chalepas]] and the great-granddaughter of Ioannous Chalepas.<ref name="archaiologia">{{Cite web|url=https://www.archaiologia.gr/blog/2022/04/15/%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1-%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AC-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1-%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85/|title=Κατερίνα Χαλεπά-Κατσάτου: στα ίχνη του Γιανούλη|last=|first=|website=Αρχαιολογία Online|language=el|accessdate=2023-12-08|date=2022-04-15}}</ref>

Chalepa-Katsatou was trained in drawing at the private workshop of the painter [[Loukas Geralis]] and studied sculpture at the [[Athens School of Fine Arts|Academy of Fine Arts]] with teacher [[Michael Tombros|Michalis Tobros]]. In addition, she trained in marble processing with the sculptor [[Georgios Mataragas]].<ref name="archaiologia" />

Developing her own artistic identity, Chalepa-Katsatou created works characterized by a figurative and realistic style, with a preference for large dimensions. Her figures were born with speed and intensity, often without drafts, and she worked with nervous movements.<ref name="athensvoice">{{Cite web|url=https://www.athensvoice.gr/politismos/eikastika/759322/sta-ihni-tis-katerina-halepa-katsatoy/|title=Στα ίχνη της Κατερίνας Χαλεπά-Κατσάτου|website=AthensVoice|language=el|accessdate=2023-12-08|date=2022-05-26}}</ref> Her works were placed in public spaces and in the highest state institutions in Greece, as well as in private collections inside and outside the country.<ref name="archaiologia" /> In addition to sculpture, she also dabbled in medal and painting. She had a special bond with her uncle, [[Yannoulis Chalepas|Yiannoulis Chalepas]], to whom she dedicated a significant part of her work in preserving and curating the family archive.<ref name="iefimerida">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iefimerida.gr/politismos/katerina-halepa-ekthesi-gianoylis-tzein-mansfilnt|title=Έκθεση για την Κατερίνα Χαλεπά: Η μικρανεψιά του Γιανούλη, για την οποία πόζαρε η Τζέιν Μάνσφιλντ|last=Ανέστη|first=Κατερίνα|website=iefimerida.gr|language=el|accessdate=2023-12-08|date=2022-05-10}}</ref>

She died in 2004 in Athens. Her work, although often underestimated due to its feminine nature in a male-dominated space, is an important part of the Greek artistic tradition.<ref name="iefimerida" />
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Greek sculptors]]
[[Category:Greek women sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century Greek sculptors‎]]

Yannoulis Chalepas

2023-12-08T09:35:50Z

Geraki: /* Life */ saving one reference

{{short description|Greek sculptor}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Yannoulis Chalepas
| image = Yannoulis Chalepas (1929).jpeg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date |1851|8|14|}}
| birth_place = Pyrgos, [[Tinos]], [[Greece]]
| death_date = {{death date and age |1938|9|15|1851|8|14|}}
| death_place = [[Athens]], [[Greece]]
| nationality = [[Greek people|Greek]]
| known_for = [[Sculpture]]
| training = [[Athens School of Fine Arts]]<br />[[Academy of Fine Arts Munich|Munich Academy of Fine Arts]]
| movement = [[Neoclassicism]], [[Munich School]]
| notable_works = ''Affection'' (1875), ''Satyr Playing with Eros'' (1875-1877), ''Sleeping Female Figure'' (1877), ''Medea and her Children'' (1922–3), ''Female Figure Relaxing'' (1931)
| patrons =
| awards = ''“Award for Excellence in Arts and Letters”'' of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]] (1927)
}}
'''Yannoulis Chalepas''' ({{lang-el|Γιαννούλης Χαλεπάς}}, August 14, 1851 – September 15, 1938) was a [[Greek people|Greek]] [[sculptor]] and a significant figure of [[Modern Greek art]].

==Life==
Chalepas was born in Pyrgos, on the island of [[Tinos]] in 1851, from a family of marble hewers. From 1869 to 1872, he studied at the [[Athens School of Fine Arts|School of Arts]] in Athens, under Neoclassical sculptor [[Leonidas Drosis|Leonidas Drossis]]. In 1873, he left for [[Munich]], under a scholarship of the Panhellenic Holy Foundation of the [[Our Lady of Tinos|Evangelistria of Tinos]], to continue his studies at the [[Academy of Fine Arts Munich|Munich Academy of Fine Arts]] under the Neoclassical sculptor [[Max von Widnmann]].<ref name="Retrospective Exhibition Presentation">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalgallery.gr/html/en/ektheseis/chalepas.htm |title=Retrospective Exhibition Yannoulis Chalepas National Glyptotheque |last=Lambraki-Plaka |first=Marina |work=[[National Glyptotheque]] |publisher=[[National Gallery (Athens)|National Gallery of Greece]] |access-date=2009-04-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502205711/http://www.nationalgallery.gr/html/en/ektheseis/chalepas.htm |archive-date=May 2, 2007 }}</ref> His scholarship was intercepted to be given to another student.<ref name="ETHNOS">{{cite journal |last=Zoziou |first=Marina |date=2008-11-03 |title=Ο γλύπτης με την εύθραυστη ψυχή |script-title= |url=http://www.ethnos.gr/general.asp?catid=11380&subid=20110&tag=8940&pubid=1784747 |journal=[[Ethnos (newspaper)|Ethnos]] |language=el |archive-url=https://24grammata.com/%CE%BF-%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%BC%CE%B5-%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7-%CF%88%CF%85%CF%87%CE%AE/ |archive-date=2013-06-01 |access-date=2009-04-11 |via=24grammata}}</ref> He returned to Athens in 1876, opened a workshop and began working individually.

===Mental illness===
In 1878, Chalepas suffered a [[Mental breakdown|nervous breakdown]]. He began destroying some of his sculptures and made several [[suicide]] attempts. His condition worsened and from July 11, 1888 to June 6, 1902, he was committed to the Mental Hospital of [[Corfu]]. In 1901 his father died and the next year his mother went to Corfu and took Chalepas to Tinos. After his return, Chalepas lived under his mother's strict supervision, who blamed sculpture for her son's illness and prevented him from sculpting, destroying everything he created.<ref name="ETHNOS" />

===Rehabilitation===
His mother died in 1916 and Chalepas began to work again with insufficient means, after a long time of inactivity. He gained attention and made contacts with intellectual circles in Athens. Also, many eminent personalities of the arts, such as [[Thomas Thomopoulos]], member of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]], and [[Zacharias Papantoniou]], director of the [[National Gallery (Athens)|National Gallery of Athens]], visited him in Tinos. In 1925, an exhibition of Chalepas' works was organized by the Academy of Athens, and in 1927 he received the Academy's “Award for Excellence in Arts and Letters”.<ref name="Retrospective Exhibition Presentation" /> In 1930 he moved to Athens and continued working until his death on September 15, 1938.<ref name="Retrospective Exhibition Presentation" /><ref name="ETHNOS" />

==Art==
{{Expand section|date=April 2009}}
[[File:Tomb of Sofia Afentaki.JPG|thumb|Sleeping Female Figure (1877), at the Tomb of Sofia Afentaki, [[First Cemetery of Athens]]]]
The creative production of Chalepas is shared between two periods, the first, from the early years to the start of his mental illness, and the second, called the "post-sanity" period (1918–1938) which is divided into two phases. The first corresponds to the years of rehabilitation in Tinos, from 1918 to 1930, and the second spans the last years of his life, from 1930 to his death in 1938. Chalepas's early work shows the rare maturity of the artist from the very beginning.<ref name="Retrospective Exhibition Presentation" />

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed heights="160px">
File:Atenas, Primer Cementerio 03.jpg|Tomb of Sofia Afentaki
File:DSC-0033-First-Cemetery-of-Athens-august-2017.jpg|Tomb of Sofia Afentaki
File:Macedonian Museums-13-Sygxronhs Texnhs Florinas-63.jpg|Head
File:Panormos, Tinos, Greece 2018040916460N01226.jpg|Yannoulis House Museum
File:Yannoulis Halepas sketch.png|Sketch of sculptor
File:Yannoulis-chalepas-medea.jpg|Sketch of sculptor
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* "[http://www.nationalgallery.gr/en/painting-permanent-exhibition/painter/chalepas-yannoulis.html Chalepas Yannoulis and photos]" from [http://www.nationalgallery.gr/en National Gallery]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181004145632/http://www.nationalgallery.gr/en/painting-permanent-exhibition/painter/chalepas-yannoulis.html Archived] 04/10/2018. Retrieved 04/10/2018.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chalepas, Yannoulis}}
[[Category:1851 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:Greek sculptors]]
[[Category:People from Tinos]]
[[Category:Sculptors who died by suicide]]
[[Category:Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni]]
[[Category:Burials at the First Cemetery of Athens]]
[[Category:20th-century Greek sculptors]]
[[Category:19th-century sculptors]]
[[Category:1938 suicides]]
[[Category:19th-century Greek sculptors]]
[[Category:Suicides in Greece]]

Katerina Chalepa-Katsatou

2023-12-08T09:27:49Z

Geraki: named references

Katerina Chalepa-Katsatou

2023-12-08T09:22:05Z

Geraki: Created by translating the page "Κατερίνα Χαλεπά-Κατσάτου"

'''Katerina Chalepa-Katsatou''' (April 9, 1925 - June 10, 2004) was a prominent Greek sculptor, member of a distinguished family of artists.

Born in Athens, she was the daughter of Vassiliou Chalepas and Irene Iakovou Kouvaras and was the third generation of the Chalepas family in the field of sculpture, as she was a great-niece of [[Yannoulis Chalepas|Yiannoulis Chalepas]] and the great-granddaughter of Ioannous Chalepas.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://www.archaiologia.gr/blog/2022/04/15/%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1-%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AC-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1-%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85/|title=Κατερίνα Χαλεπά-Κατσάτου: στα ίχνη του Γιανούλη|last=|first=|website=Αρχαιολογία Online|language=el|accessdate=2023-12-08|date=2022-04-15}}</ref>

Chalepa-Katsatou was trained in drawing at the private workshop of the painter [[Loukas Geralis]] and studied sculpture at the [[Athens School of Fine Arts|Academy of Fine Arts]] with teacher [[Michael Tombros|Michalis Tobros]]. In addition, she trained in marble processing with the sculptor [[Georgios Mataragas]].<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|url=https://www.archaiologia.gr/blog/2022/04/15/%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1-%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AC-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1-%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85/|title=Κατερίνα Χαλεπά-Κατσάτου: στα ίχνη του Γιανούλη|last=|first=|website=Αρχαιολογία Online|language=el|accessdate=2023-12-08|date=2022-04-15}}</ref>

Developing her own artistic identity, Chalepa-Katsatou created works characterized by a figurative and realistic style, with a preference for large dimensions. Her figures were born with speed and intensity, often without drafts, and she worked with nervous movements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.athensvoice.gr/politismos/eikastika/759322/sta-ihni-tis-katerina-halepa-katsatoy/|title=Στα ίχνη της Κατερίνας Χαλεπά-Κατσάτου|website=AthensVoice|language=el|accessdate=2023-12-08|date=2022-05-26}}</ref> Her works were placed in public spaces and in the highest state institutions in Greece, as well as in private collections inside and outside the country.<ref name=":04">{{Cite web|url=https://www.archaiologia.gr/blog/2022/04/15/%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1-%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AC-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1-%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85/|title=Κατερίνα Χαλεπά-Κατσάτου: στα ίχνη του Γιανούλη|last=|first=|website=Αρχαιολογία Online|language=el|accessdate=2023-12-08|date=2022-04-15}}</ref> In addition to sculpture, she also dabbled in medal and painting. She had a special bond with her uncle, [[Yannoulis Chalepas|Yiannoulis Chalepas]], to whom she dedicated a significant part of her work in preserving and curating the family archive.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iefimerida.gr/politismos/katerina-halepa-ekthesi-gianoylis-tzein-mansfilnt|title=Έκθεση για την Κατερίνα Χαλεπά: Η μικρανεψιά του Γιανούλη, για την οποία πόζαρε η Τζέιν Μάνσφιλντ|last=Ανέστη|first=Κατερίνα|website=iefimerida.gr|language=el|accessdate=2023-12-08|date=2022-05-10}}</ref>

She died in 2004 in Athens. Her work, although often underestimated due to its feminine nature in a male-dominated space, is an important part of the Greek artistic tradition.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ανέστη |first=Κατερίνα |date=2022-05-10 |title=Έκθεση για την Κατερίνα Χαλεπά: Η μικρανεψιά του Γιανούλη, για την οποία πόζαρε η Τζέιν Μάνσφιλντ |url=https://www.iefimerida.gr/politismos/katerina-halepa-ekthesi-gianoylis-tzein-mansfilnt |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=iefimerida.gr |language=el}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Greek sculptors]]

Tony Spiteris

2023-12-08T08:03:15Z

Geraki: +Category:Greek art critics; +Category:Greek art historians using HotCat

'''Tony Spiteris''' (<span lang="el" dir="ltr">Τώνης Π. Σπητέρης</span>, [[Corfu]], 1910 - [[Athens]], 1986)<ref name="greekarchives" />, was a distinguished intellectual, [[Art history|art historian]], and arguably the most significant [[art critic]] in [[Greece]] during the second half of the 20th century.<ref name="teloglion">{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-04-06 |title=Με όχημα το Αρχείο Τώνη Π. Σπητέρη ας περιηγηθούμε … |url=https://www.teloglion.gr/blog/me-ochima-to-archeio-toni-p-spiteri-as-periigithoume/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Τελλόγλειο |language=el}}</ref><ref name="greekarchives">{{Cite web |title=Αρχείο Τώνη Σπητέρη - |url=https://greekarchivesinventory.gak.gr/index.php/ey84-r5bc-2q6q |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Greek Archives Inventory}}</ref><ref name="polignosi">{{Cite web |last= |title=Σπητέρης Τώνης |url=http://www.polignosi.com/cgibin/hweb?-A=55522&-V=limmata |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Polignosi}}</ref>

He studied [[Economics]] in [[Belgium]] and [[Aesthetics]] at the [[Sorbonne University|Sorbonne]].<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" /> His wife was sculptor [[Jeanne Spiteris|Jeanne Spiteris-Veropoulou]]. Spiteris' career in the cultural sector began in 1947, and he was active in writing about [[art]] in both Greek and international daily and periodical press.<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" /> His life was divided between [[Athens]] (1939-1958 and 1975-1986), [[Venice]] (1958-1963), and [[Paris]] (1963-1975).<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" /> His tenure as commissioner for the Greek pavilion at the [[Venice Biennale]] (1958-1967) was particularly successful, with Greek artists [[Yiannis Spyropoulos|Giannis Spyropoulos]] in 1960 and [[Vaso Katraki]] in 1966 receiving awards.<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" /> Spiteris himself received the International Critics' Prize at the Venice Biennale in 1958 and 1960.<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" />

During his years in Paris, he was at the center of Europe's artistic movement, meeting some of the most significant artistic personalities globally. He never ceased working to promote [[Greek art|Greek Art]] abroad, organizing major exhibitions, including the first "International Sculpture Exhibition" (the famous "Panathenaea") on the [[Philopappou Hill]] (1965) and the large exhibition "Treasures of Cyprus" (1967), which toured 12 countries.<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" /> His written work includes significant studies on Greek and Cypriot art, focusing on the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name="teloglion" />

Spiteris was also a member of international cultural committees and friends with famous artists and intellectuals, such as [[André Malraux]], [[Christian Zervos]], [[Henry Moore]], [[Alberto Giacometti]], [[Salvador Dalí|Salvador Dali]], and many Greek and Cypriot intellectuals and artists.<ref name="polignosi" />

From a young age, Spiteris was a tireless collector of information on Greek and global art, artists, history, politics, and culture.<ref name="teloglion" /> He gathered material from the events he participated in and his travels worldwide.. This material, meticulously organized into a valuable archive, was updated until the end of his life.<ref name="teloglion" /> His acquaintance with [[Aliki Telloglou]] was pivotal in his decision to donate his archive to the [[Teloglion Fine Arts Foundation]] at the [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] in 1984.<ref name="teloglion" /> The archive, containing over 84,000 physical documents, is fully cataloged and digitized, largely accessible to researchers.<ref name="teloglion" />

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Greek art critics]]
[[Category:Greek art historians]]

Tony Spiteris

2023-12-08T07:59:51Z

Geraki: named references

'''Tony Spiteris''' (<span lang="el" dir="ltr">Τώνης Π. Σπητέρης</span>, [[Corfu]], 1910 - [[Athens]], 1986)<ref name="greekarchives" />, was a distinguished intellectual, [[Art history|art historian]], and arguably the most significant [[art critic]] in [[Greece]] during the second half of the 20th century.<ref name="teloglion">{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-04-06 |title=Με όχημα το Αρχείο Τώνη Π. Σπητέρη ας περιηγηθούμε … |url=https://www.teloglion.gr/blog/me-ochima-to-archeio-toni-p-spiteri-as-periigithoume/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Τελλόγλειο |language=el}}</ref><ref name="greekarchives">{{Cite web |title=Αρχείο Τώνη Σπητέρη - |url=https://greekarchivesinventory.gak.gr/index.php/ey84-r5bc-2q6q |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Greek Archives Inventory}}</ref><ref name="polignosi">{{Cite web |last= |title=Σπητέρης Τώνης |url=http://www.polignosi.com/cgibin/hweb?-A=55522&-V=limmata |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Polignosi}}</ref>

He studied [[Economics]] in [[Belgium]] and [[Aesthetics]] at the [[Sorbonne University|Sorbonne]].<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" /> His wife was sulptor [[Jeanne Spiteris|Jeanne Spiteris-Veropoulou]]. Spiteris' career in the cultural sector began in 1947, and he was active in writing about [[art]] in both Greek and international daily and periodical press.<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" /> His life was divided between [[Athens]] (1939-1958 and 1975-1986), [[Venice]] (1958-1963), and [[Paris]] (1963-1975).<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" /> His tenure as commissioner for the Greek pavilion at the [[Venice Biennale]] (1958-1967) was particularly successful, with Greek artists [[Yiannis Spyropoulos|Giannis Spyropoulos]] in 1960 and [[Vaso Katraki]] in 1966 receiving awards.<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" /> Spiteris himself received the International Critics' Prize at the Venice Biennale in 1958 and 1960.<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" />

During his years in Paris, he was at the center of Europe's artistic movement, meeting some of the most significant artistic personalities globally. He never ceased working to promote [[Greek art|Greek Art]] abroad, organizing major exhibitions, including the first "International Sculpture Exhibition" (the famous "Panathenaea") on the [[Philopappou Hill]] (1965) and the large exhibition "Treasures of Cyprus" (1967), which toured 12 countries.<ref name="teloglion" /><ref name="polignosi" /> His written work includes significant studies on Greek and Cypriot art, focusing on the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name="teloglion" />

Spiteris was also a member of international cultural committees and friends with famous artists and intellectuals, such as [[André Malraux]], [[Christian Zervos]], [[Henry Moore]], [[Alberto Giacometti]], [[Salvador Dalí|Salvador Dali]], and many Greek and Cypriot intellectuals and artists.<ref name="polignosi" />

From a young age, Spiteris was a tireless collector of information on Greek and global art, artists, history, politics, and culture.<ref name="teloglion" /> He gathered material from the events he participated in and his travels worldwide.. This material, meticulously organized into a valuable archive, was updated until the end of his life.<ref name="teloglion" /> His acquaintance with [[Aliki Telloglou]] was pivotal in his decision to donate his archive to the [[Teloglion Fine Arts Foundation]] at the [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] in 1984.<ref name="teloglion" /> The archive, containing over 84,000 physical documents, is fully cataloged and digitized, largely accessible to researchers.<ref name="teloglion" />

== References ==
<references />

Tony Spiteris

2023-12-08T07:56:22Z

Geraki: birth and death, wife

'''Tony Spiteris''' (<span lang="el" dir="ltr">Τώνης Π. Σπητέρης</span>, [[Corfu]], 1910 - [[Athens]], 1986)<ref name=":2" />, was a distinguished intellectual, [[Art history|art historian]], and arguably the most significant [[art critic]] in [[Greece]] during the second half of the 20th century.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-04-06 |title=Με όχημα το Αρχείο Τώνη Π. Σπητέρη ας περιηγηθούμε … |url=https://www.teloglion.gr/blog/me-ochima-to-archeio-toni-p-spiteri-as-periigithoume/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Τελλόγλειο |language=el}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Αρχείο Τώνη Σπητέρη - |url=https://greekarchivesinventory.gak.gr/index.php/ey84-r5bc-2q6q |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Greek Archives Inventory}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |title=Σπητέρης Τώνης |url=http://www.polignosi.com/cgibin/hweb?-A=55522&-V=limmata |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Polignosi}}</ref>

He studied [[Economics]] in [[Belgium]] and [[Aesthetics]] at the [[Sorbonne University|Sorbonne]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> His wife was sulptor [[Jeanne Spiteris|Jeanne Spiteris-Veropoulou]]. Spiteris' career in the cultural sector began in 1947, and he was active in writing about [[art]] in both Greek and international daily and periodical press.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> His life was divided between [[Athens]] (1939-1958 and 1975-1986), [[Venice]] (1958-1963), and [[Paris]] (1963-1975).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> His tenure as commissioner for the Greek pavilion at the [[Venice Biennale]] (1958-1967) was particularly successful, with Greek artists [[Yiannis Spyropoulos|Giannis Spyropoulos]] in 1960 and [[Vaso Katraki]] in 1966 receiving awards.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Spiteris himself received the International Critics' Prize at the Venice Biennale in 1958 and 1960.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

During his years in Paris, he was at the center of Europe's artistic movement, meeting some of the most significant artistic personalities globally. He never ceased working to promote [[Greek art|Greek Art]] abroad, organizing major exhibitions, including the first "International Sculpture Exhibition" (the famous "Panathenaea") on the [[Philopappou Hill]] (1965) and the large exhibition "Treasures of Cyprus" (1967), which toured 12 countries.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> His written work includes significant studies on Greek and Cypriot art, focusing on the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name=":0" />

Spiteris was also a member of international cultural committees and friends with famous artists and intellectuals, such as [[André Malraux]], [[Christian Zervos]], [[Henry Moore]], [[Alberto Giacometti]], [[Salvador Dalí|Salvador Dali]], and many Greek and Cypriot intellectuals and artists.<ref name=":1" />

From a young age, Spiteris was a tireless collector of information on Greek and global art, artists, history, politics, and culture.<ref name=":0" /> He gathered material from the events he participated in and his travels worldwide.. This material, meticulously organized into a valuable archive, was updated until the end of his life.<ref name=":0" /> His acquaintance with [[Aliki Telloglou]] was pivotal in his decision to donate his archive to the [[Teloglion Fine Arts Foundation]] at the [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] in 1984.<ref name=":0" /> The archive, containing over 84,000 physical documents, is fully cataloged and digitized, largely accessible to researchers.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

Tony Spiteris

2023-12-08T07:49:53Z

Geraki: New article

'''Tony Spiteris''' (<span lang="el" dir="ltr">Τώνης Π. Σπητέρης</span>, born in [[Corfu]] in 1910), was a distinguished intellectual, [[Art history|art historian]], and arguably the most significant [[art critic]] in [[Greece]] during the second half of the 20th century.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-04-06 |title=Με όχημα το Αρχείο Τώνη Π. Σπητέρη ας περιηγηθούμε … |url=https://www.teloglion.gr/blog/me-ochima-to-archeio-toni-p-spiteri-as-periigithoume/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Τελλόγλειο |language=el}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Αρχείο Τώνη Σπητέρη - |url=https://greekarchivesinventory.gak.gr/index.php/ey84-r5bc-2q6q |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Greek Archives Inventory}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |title=Σπητέρης Τώνης |url=http://www.polignosi.com/cgibin/hweb?-A=55522&-V=limmata |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Polignosi}}</ref>

He studied [[Economics]] in [[Belgium]] and [[Aesthetics]] at the [[Sorbonne University|Sorbonne]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Spiteris' career in the cultural sector began in 1947, and he was active in writing about [[art]] in both Greek and international daily and periodical press.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> His life was divided between [[Athens]] (1939-1958 and 1975-1986), [[Venice]] (1958-1963), and [[Paris]] (1963-1975).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> His tenure as commissioner for the Greek pavilion at the [[Venice Biennale]] (1958-1967) was particularly successful, with Greek artists [[Yiannis Spyropoulos|Giannis Spyropoulos]] in 1960 and [[Vaso Katraki]] in 1966 receiving awards.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Spiteris himself received the International Critics' Prize at the Venice Biennale in 1958 and 1960.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

During his years in Paris, he was at the center of Europe's artistic movement, meeting some of the most significant artistic personalities globally. He never ceased working to promote [[Greek art|Greek Art]] abroad, organizing major exhibitions, including the first "International Sculpture Exhibition" (the famous "Panathenaea") on the [[Philopappou Hill]] (1965) and the large exhibition "Treasures of Cyprus" (1967), which toured 12 countries.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> His written work includes significant studies on Greek and Cypriot art, focusing on the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name=":0" />

Spiteris was also a member of international cultural committees and friends with famous artists and intellectuals, such as [[André Malraux]], [[Christian Zervos]], [[Henry Moore]], [[Alberto Giacometti]], [[Salvador Dalí|Salvador Dali]], and many Greek and Cypriot intellectuals and artists.<ref name=":1" />

From a young age, Spiteris was a tireless collector of information on Greek and global art, artists, history, politics, and culture.<ref name=":0" /> He gathered material from the events he participated in and his travels worldwide.. This material, meticulously organized into a valuable archive, was updated until the end of his life.<ref name=":0" /> His acquaintance with [[Aliki Telloglou]] was pivotal in his decision to donate his archive to the [[Teloglion Fine Arts Foundation]] at the [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] in 1984.<ref name=":0" /> The archive, containing over 84,000 physical documents, is fully cataloged and digitized, largely accessible to researchers.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

Alkis Pierrakos

2023-12-07T11:11:54Z

Geraki: photo

[[File:Alkis Pierrakos prise en février 2004.jpg|thumb|Alkis Pierrakos in February 2004 during the expo "Regard sur l'oeuvre de Pierrakos" in Paris]]
'''Alkis Pierrakos''' ({{Lang-el|Άλκης Πιερράκος}}; 1920-2017) was a distinguished [[Greeks|Greek]] [[painter]], known for his contributions to modern European painting.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pierrakos Alkis |url=http://dp.iset.gr/en/artist/view.html?id=1737 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=ISET}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Born in [[Thessaloniki]] in 1920<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Άλκης Πιερράκος, Dans la rue |url=https://www.alphapolitismos.gr/el/sullogi-ergon-texnis/ta-erga-texnis-mas/dans-la-rue-alkis-pierrakos/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=www.alphapolitismos.gr |language=el}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Early Spring - Pierrakos Alkis (1920-2017) |url=https://www.momus.gr/en/collections/0000793&idx=0 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=MOMus}}</ref>, Pierrakos spent his childhood and teenage years in [[Yugoslavia]] before returning to [[Greece]] in 1938. He began painting in 1936 without formal education<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Πιερράκος Άλκης |url=https://www.nationalgallery.gr/artist/pierrakos-alkis/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Εθνική Πινακοθήκη |language=el}}</ref>. Pierrakos studied painting at the Gewerbeschule in Basel, Switzerland<ref>{{Cite web |title=Πιερράκος Άλκης |url=http://www.nikias.gr/ell/product/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82-%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82 |website=Nikias}}</ref><ref name=":1" />, and later at the [[Slade School of Fine Art]] and the [[Central School of Art and Design|Central School of Arts and Crafts]] in London<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />. During his time in London, he apprenticed under the significant expressionist painter [[Oskar Kokoschka]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />. In 1954, he permanently settled in [[Paris]] <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />, where he remained active in the art scene and regularly presented his work in Greece.<ref name=":0" />

His work reflects influences from German [[expressionism]], [[Wassily Kandinsky]]'s watercolors, and the [[Abstract art|abstract]] tendencies of the 1950s<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. Pierrakos was known for combining emotional use of color with disciplined design organization in his compositions, oscillating between representational and abstract art.<ref name=":0" /> He was a founding member of the group "La Ligne et le Signe" in Paris<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> and actively participated in the artistic ferment of his era.<ref name=":0" />

Pierrakos held numerous solo exhibitions, mainly in France and Greece,<ref name=":0" /> and participated in group exhibitions across Europe and America.<ref name=":0" /> His work was showcased in retrospective exhibitions in Greece in 1997, 2003, and 2007.<ref name=":0" /> In 1995, the ''Association pour la Promotion de l’ Oeuvre d’ A. Pierrako''s was established in Paris to promote his work<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />.

== Artistic style and Work ==
Alkis Pierrakos' artistic style is marked by a profound ability to highlight color, with color remaining the dominant element in his art.<ref name=":2" /> His works, influenced by stimuli and experiences from Central Europe and the Mediterranean, often transform landscapes, buildings, and human figures into images of psychological intensity.<ref name=":1" /> By the end of the 1950s, Pierrakos had moved away from representational painting, yet he continued to draw his themes from reality, balancing between representational and abstract art. His paintings are characterized by explosive colors spread across large areas of the canvas and a vigorous design.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

After 1970, Pierrakos' painting evolved towards abstract expressionism, emphasizing large surfaces and stark contrasts.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> This shift is evident in his dynamic use of space, which became a distinctive feature of his work. The voluptuous female nude is a predominant subject in his painting, portrayed without any attempt at beautification.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> These elements collectively define Pierrakos' unique approach, blending emotional color use with disciplined compositional organization.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Greek painters]]

Alkis Pierrakos

2023-12-07T11:09:07Z

Geraki: Artistic style and Work

'''Alkis Pierrakos''' ({{Lang-el|Άλκης Πιερράκος}}; 1920-2017) was a distinguished [[Greeks|Greek]] [[painter]], known for his contributions to modern European painting.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pierrakos Alkis |url=http://dp.iset.gr/en/artist/view.html?id=1737 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=ISET}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Born in [[Thessaloniki]] in 1920<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Άλκης Πιερράκος, Dans la rue |url=https://www.alphapolitismos.gr/el/sullogi-ergon-texnis/ta-erga-texnis-mas/dans-la-rue-alkis-pierrakos/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=www.alphapolitismos.gr |language=el}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Early Spring - Pierrakos Alkis (1920-2017) |url=https://www.momus.gr/en/collections/0000793&idx=0 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=MOMus}}</ref>, Pierrakos spent his childhood and teenage years in [[Yugoslavia]] before returning to [[Greece]] in 1938. He began painting in 1936 without formal education<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Πιερράκος Άλκης |url=https://www.nationalgallery.gr/artist/pierrakos-alkis/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Εθνική Πινακοθήκη |language=el}}</ref>. Pierrakos studied painting at the Gewerbeschule in Basel, Switzerland<ref>{{Cite web |title=Πιερράκος Άλκης |url=http://www.nikias.gr/ell/product/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82-%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82 |website=Nikias}}</ref><ref name=":1" />, and later at the [[Slade School of Fine Art]] and the [[Central School of Art and Design|Central School of Arts and Crafts]] in London<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />. During his time in London, he apprenticed under the significant expressionist painter [[Oskar Kokoschka]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />. In 1954, he permanently settled in [[Paris]] <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />, where he remained active in the art scene and regularly presented his work in Greece.<ref name=":0" />

His work reflects influences from German [[expressionism]], [[Wassily Kandinsky]]'s watercolors, and the [[Abstract art|abstract]] tendencies of the 1950s<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. Pierrakos was known for combining emotional use of color with disciplined design organization in his compositions, oscillating between representational and abstract art.<ref name=":0" /> He was a founding member of the group "La Ligne et le Signe" in Paris<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> and actively participated in the artistic ferment of his era.<ref name=":0" />

Pierrakos held numerous solo exhibitions, mainly in France and Greece,<ref name=":0" /> and participated in group exhibitions across Europe and America.<ref name=":0" /> His work was showcased in retrospective exhibitions in Greece in 1997, 2003, and 2007.<ref name=":0" /> In 1995, the ''Association pour la Promotion de l’ Oeuvre d’ A. Pierrako''s was established in Paris to promote his work<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />.

== Artistic style and Work ==
Alkis Pierrakos' artistic style is marked by a profound ability to highlight color, with color remaining the dominant element in his art.<ref name=":2" /> His works, influenced by stimuli and experiences from Central Europe and the Mediterranean, often transform landscapes, buildings, and human figures into images of psychological intensity.<ref name=":1" /> By the end of the 1950s, Pierrakos had moved away from representational painting, yet he continued to draw his themes from reality, balancing between representational and abstract art. His paintings are characterized by explosive colors spread across large areas of the canvas and a vigorous design.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

After 1970, Pierrakos' painting evolved towards abstract expressionism, emphasizing large surfaces and stark contrasts.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> This shift is evident in his dynamic use of space, which became a distinctive feature of his work. The voluptuous female nude is a predominant subject in his painting, portrayed without any attempt at beautification.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> These elements collectively define Pierrakos' unique approach, blending emotional color use with disciplined compositional organization.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Greek painters]]

Alkis Pierrakos

2023-12-07T10:54:58Z

Geraki: some small changes

Alkis Pierrakos

2023-12-07T10:50:17Z

Geraki: added Category:Greek painters using HotCat

'''Alkis Pierrakos''' ({{Lang-el|Άλκης Πιερράκος}}; 1920-2017) was a distinguished Greek painter, known for his contributions to modern European painting.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pierrakos Alkis |url=http://dp.iset.gr/en/artist/view.html?id=1737 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=ISET}}</ref>

Born in [[Thessaloniki]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Άλκης Πιερράκος, Dans la rue |url=https://www.alphapolitismos.gr/el/sullogi-ergon-texnis/ta-erga-texnis-mas/dans-la-rue-alkis-pierrakos/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=www.alphapolitismos.gr |language=el}}</ref><ref name=":0" />, Pierrakos spent his childhood and teenage years in [[Yugoslavia]] before returning to Greece in 1938. He began painting in 1936 without formal education<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Πιερράκος Άλκης |url=https://www.nationalgallery.gr/artist/pierrakos-alkis/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Εθνική Πινακοθήκη |language=el}}</ref>. Pierrakos studied painting at the Gewerbeschule in Basel, Switzerland<ref>{{Cite web |title=Πιερράκος Άλκης |url=http://www.nikias.gr/ell/product/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82-%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82 |website=Nikias}}</ref><ref name=":1" />, and later at the [[Slade School of Fine Art]] and the [[Central School of Art and Design|Central School of Arts and Crafts]] in London<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />. During his time in London, he apprenticed under the significant expressionist painter [[Oskar Kokoschka]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />. In 1954, he permanently settled in [[Paris]] <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />, where he remained active in the art scene and regularly presented his work in Greece.<ref name=":0" />

His work reflects influences from German expressionism, Wassily Kandinsky's watercolors, and the abstract tendencies of the 1950s<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. Pierrakos was known for combining emotional use of color with disciplined design organization in his compositions, oscillating between representational and abstract art.<ref name=":0" /> He was a founding member of the group "La Ligne et le Signe" in Paris<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> and actively participated in the artistic ferment of his era.<ref name=":0" />

Pierrakos held numerous solo exhibitions, mainly in France and Greece,<ref name=":0" /> and participated in group exhibitions across Europe and America.<ref name=":0" /> His work was showcased in retrospective exhibitions in Greece in 1997, 2003, and 2007.<ref name=":0" /> In 1995, the Association pour la Promotion de l’ Oeuvre d’ A. Pierrakos was established in Paris to promote his work<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Greek painters]]

Alkis Pierrakos

2023-12-07T10:49:55Z

Geraki: starting

George Vakalo

2023-12-07T10:19:23Z

Geraki: Changes citations

'''George Vakalo''' ({{Lang-el|Γιώργος Βακαλό (Βακαλόπουλος)}}; 1902 – 2 October 1991) was a 20th-century Greek visual artist, renowned for his contributions to [[scenography]] and [[painting]].

== Biography ==
Born in [[Constantinople]] in 1902, his real surname was Vakalopoulos. Vakalo received his initial artistic training in Constantinople under [[Lysandros Prasinos]], who taught him painting and miniature art. In 1922, he moved to Paris to study decorative arts at the [[École des Arts Decoratifs]] and at the Academies [[Académie de la Grande Chaumière|Grand Chaumière]] and [[Académie Julian|Julian]], completing his studies in 1928.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Clouds - Vakalo Georgios (1902-1991) |url=https://www.momus.gr/en/collections/0001074&idx=0#description |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=MOMus}}</ref> Influenced by [[surrealism]], he also studied scenography at the [[Théâtre de l'Atelier|Theatre de l’Atelier]] under [[Charles Dullin]] and apprenticed with scenographer [[Ladislas Medgyes]]<ref name=":2" />. Additionally, he worked as a scenographer at the [[Globe Theatre]] in London. During the [[German invasion of Greece|German invasion]] in 1940, Vakalo was forced to relocate to Greece, where he continued his work in scenography and costume design with local theaters.

In 1944, Vakalo married the poet and art critic [[Eleni Vakalo]]. Towards the end of 1949, he co-founded the artistic group "Stathmi".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Εθνική Πινακοθήκη /100 χρόνια, Τέσσερις αιώνες Ελληνικής Ζωγραφικής, Από τις Συλλογές της Εθνικής Πινακοθήκης και του Ιδρύματος Ευριπίδη Κουτλίδη|last=|first=|publisher=Εθνική Πινακοθήκη και Μουσείο Αλεξάνδρου Σούτζου|year=1999|isbn=|location=Αθήνα|pages=165}}</ref> In 1957, along with [[Panayiotis Tetsis]], [[Frantzes Frantziskakis]], and his wife Eleni, he established the Vakalo School, Greece's first school of [[decorative arts]].<ref name=":2" /> He also participated in significant painting exhibitions in Greece and abroad and held several solo exhibitions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalgallery.gr/site/content.php?sel=247&artist_id=4654|title=Βακαλό Γεώργιος (1902 Κωνσταντινούπολη - 1991 Αθήνα)|date=|accessdate=2015-10-12|website=|publisher=Εθνική Πινακοθήκη|last=|first=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721135005/http://www.nationalgallery.gr/site/content.php?sel=247|archivedate=2015-07-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vakalo was a member of the Chamber of Fine Arts of Greece (EETE).

In 1953, the French government awarded him the [[Knight of the Legion of Honor]]. He continued to teach at the Vakalo School until 1978.<ref name=":2" />

Vakalo passed away at the age of 89 and was buried in the Second Cemetery in [[Patisia]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 October 1991 |title=Πέθανε ο Γιώργος Βακαλό |pages=32 |work=Τα Νέα}}</ref>

== Artistic Style and Work ==
Vakalo's painting style is characterized by a unique personal [[Hyperrealism (visual arts)|hyperrealism]], where line and color play primary roles, often in soft tones, and a strong decorative inclination is evident.<ref name=":1" /> Despite his involvement with the group "Stathmi" in 1949, he maintained a distance from the [[Neorealism (art)|neorealist]] movement within the group, staying true to the interwar [[Abstract art|abstract]] tendencies he had encountered during his apprenticeship in France.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [http://pandektis.ekt.gr/pandektis/handle/10442/67089 Γιώργος Βακαλόπουλος στον ''Πανδέκτη''], του [[:el:Εθνικό_Ίδρυμα_Ερευνών|Εθνικού Ιδρύματος Ερευνών]].
* [http://www.kedros.gr/main.php?manufacturers_id=1183 Βιογραφικό του Γιώργου Βακαλό] από τις εκδόσεις Κέδρος

{{Authority control|show=arts}}

Eleni Vakalo

2023-12-07T10:12:09Z

Geraki: added link to article

{{refimprove|date=May 2016}}

[[File:Ελένη Βακαλό.jpg|thumb|Eleni Vakalo]]
'''Eleni Vakalo''' ({{lang-el|Ελένη Βακαλό}}; 1921 – 2001) was a [[Greece|Greek]] poet, art critic and art historian.

==Biography==
Eleni Vakalo, née '''Stavrinou''', was born in 1921, in [[Constantinople]], and in [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)|1922]] her parents moved to [[Athens]].<ref>Dictionary of modern Greek literature: People - Works - Movements - Terminology, Patakis, 2007</ref> She studied [[archaeology]] at the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|University of Athens]] (1940–45) and [[art history]] at [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]] (1948). In 1944 she married the painter [[George Vakalo]] (1902 – 1991).<ref>[http://www.greece2001.gr/writers/EleniVakalo.html National Book Centre]</ref>

==Awards==
*First State Award for Poetry, 1991
*Essay Award of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]], 1997
*Honorary degree in history-archaeology from the [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki|University of Thessaloniki]], 1998
*Honorary degree from the [[University of Derby]], 2000

==Bibliography==

===Poetry===
*''Theme and Variations'' (''Θέμα και Παραλλαγές''), Athens, Icaros, 1945
*''Recollections from a nightmarish city'' (''Αναμνήσεις από μια εφιαλτική πολιτεία''), Athens, 1948
*''In the form of theorems'' (''Στη μορφή των θεωρημάτων''), Athens, 1951
*''The Forest'' (''Το Δάσος''), Athens, Karavia, 1954
*''Mural'' (''Τοιχογραφία''), Athens, The Friends of Literature, 1956
*''Age's diary'' (''Ημερολόγιο της ηλικίας''), Athens, Diphros, 1958
*''Description of the body'' (''Περιγραφή του σώματος''), Athens, Diphros, 1959
*''The Concept of blind people'' (''Η Έννοια των τυφλών''), Athens, 1962
*''The Way of being in danger'' (''Ο Τρόπος να Κινδυνεύομε''), Athens, 1966
*''Genealogy''/''Γενεαλογία'' (Greek-English edition, English translation by Paul Merchant), The Rougemont Press, 1971
*''Of the World'' (''Του Κόσμου''), Athens, Kedros, 1978
*''The foolishness of Ma Rodalina'' (''Οι παλάβρες της Κυρά-Ροδαλίνας''), Athens, Ypsilon, 1984
*''Events and Stories of Ma Rodalina'' (''Γεγονότα και Ιστορίες της Κυρά-Ροδαλίνας''), Athens, 1990
*''The Other Face of the Thing. Poetry 1954–1994'' (''Το Άλλο του Πράγματος. Ποίηση 1954–1994''), Athens, Nepheli, 1995
*''Selected poems'' (''Επιλεγόμενα''), Athens, Nepheli, 1997

===Art theory===
*''Introduction to Topics of Painting'' (''Εισαγωγή σε Θέματα Ζωγραφικής''), Athens, Athens School of Fine Arts, 1960
*''12 Lectures on Modern Art'' (''12 Μαθήματα για τη Σύγχρονη Τέχνη''), Athens, "Hour", Centre of Art and Culture, 1973
*''The Concept of Forms. Reading Art'' (''Η Έννοια των Μορφών. Ανάγνωση της Τέχνης''), Athens, "Hour", Centre of Art and Culture, 1979
*''The Face of Post-War Art in Greece'' (''Η Φυσιογνωμία της Μεταπολεμικής Τέχνης στην Ελλάδα'', in four volumes), Athens, Kedros, 1980–84
*''From the Viewer's Side. Essays'' (''Από την Πλευρά του Θεατή. Δοκίμια''), Athens, Kedros, 1989
*''Giorgos Vakalo. The charm of writing.'' (''Γιώργος Βακαλό. Το θέλγητρο της γραφής''), Athens, "New Forms" Gallery, 1994
*''Visual Arts Criticism (1950–1974)'' (''Κριτική Εικαστικών Τεχνών (1950–1974)'', in two volumes), Athens, Kedros, 1996

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ert-archives.gr/V3/public/main/page-assetview.aspx?tid=0000006888&tsz=0&autostart=0 Monogramma, ERT Archives]
*[http://www.ert-archives.gr/V3/public/main/page-assetview.aspx?tid=0000006531&tsz=0&autostart=0 Nychterinos Episkeptis, Ert Archives]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vakalo, Eleni}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Modern Greek-language writers]]
[[Category:Modern Greek poets]]
[[Category:Greek women poets]]
[[Category:Greek art critics]]
[[Category:Women art critics]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire to Greece]]
[[Category:Writers from Athens]]
[[Category:Constantinopolitan Greeks]]
[[Category:Writers from Istanbul]]

{{Greece-writer-stub}}

George Vakalo

2023-12-07T10:11:11Z

Geraki: Created new article

'''George Vakalo''' ({{Lang-el|Γιώργος Βακαλό (Βακαλόπουλος)}}; 1902 – 2 October 1991) was a 20th-century Greek visual artist, renowned for his contributions to [[scenography]] and [[painting]].

== Biography ==
Born in [[Constantinople]] in 1902, his real surname was Vakalopoulos. Vakalo received his initial artistic training in Constantinople under [[Lysandros Prasinos]], who taught him painting and miniature art. In 1922, he moved to Paris to study decorative arts at the [[École des Arts Decoratifs]] and at the Academies [[Académie de la Grande Chaumière|Grand Chaumière]] and [[Académie Julian|Julian]], completing his studies in 1928.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Νεφέλες - Βακαλό Γεώργιος (1902-1991) |url=https://www.momus.gr/collections/0001074&idx=0 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=MOMus}}</ref> Influenced by [[surrealism]], he also studied scenography at the [[Théâtre de l'Atelier|Theatre de l’Atelier]] under [[Charles Dullin]] and apprenticed with scenographer [[Ladislas Medgyes]]<ref name=":2" />. Additionally, he worked as a scenographer at the [[Globe Theatre]] in London. During the [[German invasion of Greece|German invasion]] in 1940, Vakalo was forced to relocate to Greece, where he continued his work in scenography and costume design with local theaters.

In 1944, Vakalo married the poet and art critic [[Eleni Vakalo]]. Towards the end of 1949, he co-founded the artistic group "Stathmi".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Εθνική Πινακοθήκη /100 χρόνια, Τέσσερις αιώνες Ελληνικής Ζωγραφικής, Από τις Συλλογές της Εθνικής Πινακοθήκης και του Ιδρύματος Ευριπίδη Κουτλίδη|last=|first=|publisher=Εθνική Πινακοθήκη και Μουσείο Αλεξάνδρου Σούτζου|year=1999|isbn=|location=Αθήνα|pages=165}}</ref> In 1957, along with [[Panayiotis Tetsis]], [[Frantzes Frantziskakis]], and his wife Eleni, he established the Vakalo School, Greece's first school of [[decorative arts]].<ref name=":2" /> He also participated in significant painting exhibitions in Greece and abroad and held several solo exhibitions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalgallery.gr/site/content.php?sel=247&artist_id=4654|title=Βακαλό Γεώργιος (1902 Κωνσταντινούπολη - 1991 Αθήνα)|date=|accessdate=2015-10-12|website=|publisher=Εθνική Πινακοθήκη|last=|first=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721135005/http://www.nationalgallery.gr/site/content.php?sel=247|archivedate=2015-07-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vakalo was a member of the Chamber of Fine Arts of Greece (EETE).

In 1953, the French government awarded him the [[Knight of the Legion of Honor]]. He continued to teach at the Vakalo School until 1978.<ref name=":2" />

Vakalo passed away at the age of 89 and was buried in the Second Cemetery in [[Patisia]].<ref>Πέθανε ο Γιώργος Βακαλό, ''Τα Νέα'', 3/10/1991, σελ. 32.</ref>

== Artistic Style and Work ==
Vakalo's painting style is characterized by a unique personal [[Hyperrealism (visual arts)|hyperrealism]], where line and color play primary roles, often in soft tones, and a strong decorative inclination is evident.<ref name=":1" /> Despite his involvement with the group "Stathmi" in 1949, he maintained a distance from the [[Neorealism (art)|neorealist]] movement within the group, staying true to the interwar [[Abstract art|abstract]] tendencies he had encountered during his apprenticeship in France.<ref name=":0" />

== External links ==

* [http://pandektis.ekt.gr/pandektis/handle/10442/67089 Γιώργος Βακαλόπουλος στον ''Πανδέκτη''], του [[:el:Εθνικό_Ίδρυμα_Ερευνών|Εθνικού Ιδρύματος Ερευνών]].
* [http://www.kedros.gr/main.php?manufacturers_id=1183 Βιογραφικό του Γιώργου Βακαλό] από τις εκδόσεις Κέδρος

{{Authority control|show=arts}}