Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

User:Ghahg21

2020-12-28T21:49:22Z

Ghahg21:

The '''Bargo''' people ( [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: برقُــو) , are an ethnic group, sometimes called the '''Wadaian''' attribution to the area of Wadi, and also called '''Maba''' . The term Maba is actually a collective term used to describe the mountain tribes in [[Wadai]] into which other ethnic groups have been assimilated. are the dominant people group of the Wadai Mountains which are located in present day eastern [[Chad]] and western [[Sudan]]. The majority of [[Bargo]] people speak the [[Bargo]] language as a mother tongue, which belongs to the Maban group of the Nilo-Saharan family. [[Bargo]] language is closely related to the [[Masalit]] and [[Runga]] languages. Many of the [[Bargo]] also speak Arabic as an education language and trade language. Th most other tribes in the area, are a Muslims. According to the Islamic faith, Allah is viewed as the sole creator and restorer of the world. Islam teaches that man's goal is to submit to the will of Allah which is made known through the scriptures in the Quran.

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Bargo people
|population= 3,470,000
|region1 = {{flagcountry|Sudan}}
|pop1 = 1,371,000
|ref1 =
|region2 = {{flagcountry|Chad}}
|pop2 = 2,099,000
|ref3 =
|langs = [[Bargo]] · [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ·
|rels = [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]]
|related = [[Masalit people|Masalit]] · [[Marfa]] · [[Beni Halba]] · [[Mimi]] · [[Kibet]] · [[Karanga people|Karanga]] · other [[Mabang]]}}

==Language==
[[Bargo]] [[language]] is a spoken in [[Chad]] and [[Sudan]]. It is divided into several dialects, and serves as a local [[trade language]]. Bargo is closely related to the [[Masalit language]].

{{Infobox language
|name=Bargo
|nativename=
|states=[[Chad]], [[Sudan]]
|region=[[Ouaddaï Region|Ouaddaï]], [[Wadi Fira Region|Wadi Fira]]
|ethnicity=[[Bargo people |Bargo]]
|speakers={{sigfig|3,470,000 |2}}
|date=2006
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Nilo-Saharan
|fam2=[[Maban languages|Maban]]
|fam3=Mabang
|dia1=Kodoi
|dia2=etc.
|iso3=mde
|glotto=maba1277
|glottorefname=Bargo (Chad)(Sudan)
}}

==History==

{{Infobox country
|native_name = {{lang|ar|سلطنة وداي}}
|conventional_long_name = Sultanate of Wadai
|common_name = Wadai
|era = Early Modern Period
|status =
|status_text =
|empire =
|government_type = Monarchy
|year_start = 1501
|year_end = 1912
|event_start =
|date_start =
|event_end =
|date_end =
|event1 = Abd al-Karim overthrows the Tunjur King Daud
|date_event1 = 1635
|event_pre =
|date_pre =
|event_post = Wadai reconstituted under French suzerainty
|date_post = 1935
|p1 = Tunjur
|flag_p1 =
|p2 = Sultanate of Darfur
|flag_p2 =
|s1 = French Equatorial Africa
|flag_s1 = Flag of France.svg
|image_flag =
|flag =
|flag_type =
|image_coat =
|symbol =
|symbol_type =
|image_map = CentralEastAfrica1750.png
|image_map_caption = Wadai and surrounding states in 1750.
|capital = {{plainlist|
*[[Ouara]] (1635–1890)
*[[Abeche, Chad|Abeche]] (1890–1911)}}
|national_motto =
|national_anthem =
|common_languages = [[Arabic]], [[Maban languages|Maban]], [[Tunjur]], [[fur language|Fur]]
|religion = [[Traditional African religion]], later [[Islam]] (official 1635)
|currency =
|leader1 = [[Abd al-Karim]]
|leader2 = [[Dud Murra of Wadai]]
|leader3 = [['Asil Kolak]]
|year_leader1 = 1603–1637
|year_leader2 = 1902–1909
|year_leader3 = 1909-1912
|title_leader = Kolak
|today = {{flag|Central African Republic}}
{{flag|Chad}}
{{flag|Sudan}}
}}
{{History of Chad}}

'''Wadai Empire'''
Pre-Islam there were a kingdom of Tunjur, around 1501s. Prior to the 1630s Bargo people overthrew the Tunjur Kingdom dynasty in Wadai and formed the backbone of the [[Wadai Empire]] which dominated eastern Chad and far west of Sudan .The capital of Wadai Kingdom it was Ouara (Wara) and present day is Abéché.[1]
In 1635, the Bargo and other small groups in the region rallied to the Islamic banner of Abd al-Karim, who was descended from Bargo family, led an invasion from the east and overthrew the ruling Tunjur group, who at the time was led by a king named Daud. Abd al-Karim.[1] Abd al-Karim secured and centralized his power in the area by marrying the Tunjur King Daud's daughter, Meiram Aisa, and then forming other marriage pacts with other tribes, such as the Mahamid and Beni Halba and masalit tribes. Abd al-Karim became the first Kolak (Sultan) of a dynasty that lasted until the arrival of the French.
During much of the 18th century, the history of Wadai is marked by wars with the Sultanate of Darfur and in the early 1700s under the rule of Dud Murra’s
grandson, Ya'qub Arus (1681–1707), the country suffered terrible drought that lasted for several years. After 1804, during the reign of Muhammad Sabun (r. 1804 – c. 1815), the Sultanate of Wadai began to expand its power as it profited considerably from its strategic position astride the trans-Saharan trade routes. A new trade route to the north was found, via Ennedi, Kufra and Jalu-Awjila to Benghazi, and Sabun outfitted royal caravans to take advantage of it. He began minting his own coinage and imported chain mail, firearms, and military advisers from North Africa. Sabun's successors were less able than he, and Darfur took advantage of a disputed political succession in 1838 to put its own candidate in power in Ouara, the capital of Wadai. This tactic backfired, however, when Darfur's choice, Muhammad Sharif, rejected Darfur's meddling and asserted his own authority. In doing so, he gained acceptance from Wadai's various factions and went on to become Wadai's ablest ruler.
Sharif conducted military campaigns as far west as Bornu and eventually established Wadai's hegemony over Baguirmi and kingdoms as far away as the Chari River. In Mecca, Sharif had met the founder of the Senussi Islamic brotherhood, a movement that was strong among the inhabitants of Cyrenaica (in present-day Libya) and that was to become a dominant political force and source of resistance to French colonization.
Last charge of the cavalry. Armed with spear, bow and sword, and accompanied by deafening music, Wadai's forces held to the old methods- mass cavalry charges followed by the infantry. These were insufficient against modern weapons.
Sultan Dud Murra of Wadai opposed French domination until being overcome on June 6, 1909, with the occupation of the capital Abéché by French troops where a puppet sultan was installed. Resistance continued until the last independent sultan, 'Asil Kolak, was captured in 1912 bringing the independence of the sultanate to an end. The Wadai Sultanate was reconstituted under French suzerainty in 1935, with Muhammad Urada ibn Ibrahim becoming Kolak, or sultan. The sultanate continues under the suzerainty of the Republic of Chad and its current Kolak since 1977 is Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Urada.
It became part of the independent Republic of Chad on that country's independence in 1960. The Ouaddaï Region of modern Chad covers part of the area of the old kingdom. Its chief town is Abéché.. In modern [[Bargo]] society, chiefs and members of royal clans still possess a high degree of prestige and power.

==See also==
* [[Sudan]]
* [[Chad]]
* [[Darfur]]
* [[South Sudan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ethnic groups in Chad}}
{{Ethnic groups in Sudan}}
{{Ethnic group in Africa }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bargo People}}

[[:Category:Ethnic groups in Chad]]
[[:Category:Ethnic groups in Sudan]]
[[:Category:Wadai]]
[[:Category:Darfur]]
[[:Category:Sudanese society]]
[[:Category:African diaspora]]

User:Ghahg21

2020-12-28T21:48:40Z

Ghahg21:

[[Bargo People]]The '''Bargo''' people ( [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: برقُــو) , are an ethnic group, sometimes called the '''Wadaian''' attribution to the area of Wadi, and also called '''Maba''' . The term Maba is actually a collective term used to describe the mountain tribes in [[Wadai]] into which other ethnic groups have been assimilated. are the dominant people group of the Wadai Mountains which are located in present day eastern [[Chad]] and western [[Sudan]]. The majority of [[Bargo]] people speak the [[Bargo]] language as a mother tongue, which belongs to the Maban group of the Nilo-Saharan family. [[Bargo]] language is closely related to the [[Masalit]] and [[Runga]] languages. Many of the [[Bargo]] also speak Arabic as an education language and trade language. Th most other tribes in the area, are a Muslims. According to the Islamic faith, Allah is viewed as the sole creator and restorer of the world. Islam teaches that man's goal is to submit to the will of Allah which is made known through the scriptures in the Quran.

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Bargo people
|population= 3,470,000
|region1 = {{flagcountry|Sudan}}
|pop1 = 1,371,000
|ref1 =
|region2 = {{flagcountry|Chad}}
|pop2 = 2,099,000
|ref3 =
|langs = [[Bargo]] · [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ·
|rels = [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]]
|related = [[Masalit people|Masalit]] · [[Marfa]] · [[Beni Halba]] · [[Mimi]] · [[Kibet]] · [[Karanga people|Karanga]] · other [[Mabang]]}}

==Language==
[[Bargo]] [[language]] is a spoken in [[Chad]] and [[Sudan]]. It is divided into several dialects, and serves as a local [[trade language]]. Bargo is closely related to the [[Masalit language]].

{{Infobox language
|name=Bargo
|nativename=
|states=[[Chad]], [[Sudan]]
|region=[[Ouaddaï Region|Ouaddaï]], [[Wadi Fira Region|Wadi Fira]]
|ethnicity=[[Bargo people |Bargo]]
|speakers={{sigfig|3,470,000 |2}}
|date=2006
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Nilo-Saharan
|fam2=[[Maban languages|Maban]]
|fam3=Mabang
|dia1=Kodoi
|dia2=etc.
|iso3=mde
|glotto=maba1277
|glottorefname=Bargo (Chad)(Sudan)
}}

==History==

{{Infobox country
|native_name = {{lang|ar|سلطنة وداي}}
|conventional_long_name = Sultanate of Wadai
|common_name = Wadai
|era = Early Modern Period
|status =
|status_text =
|empire =
|government_type = Monarchy
|year_start = 1501
|year_end = 1912
|event_start =
|date_start =
|event_end =
|date_end =
|event1 = Abd al-Karim overthrows the Tunjur King Daud
|date_event1 = 1635
|event_pre =
|date_pre =
|event_post = Wadai reconstituted under French suzerainty
|date_post = 1935
|p1 = Tunjur
|flag_p1 =
|p2 = Sultanate of Darfur
|flag_p2 =
|s1 = French Equatorial Africa
|flag_s1 = Flag of France.svg
|image_flag =
|flag =
|flag_type =
|image_coat =
|symbol =
|symbol_type =
|image_map = CentralEastAfrica1750.png
|image_map_caption = Wadai and surrounding states in 1750.
|capital = {{plainlist|
*[[Ouara]] (1635–1890)
*[[Abeche, Chad|Abeche]] (1890–1911)}}
|national_motto =
|national_anthem =
|common_languages = [[Arabic]], [[Maban languages|Maban]], [[Tunjur]], [[fur language|Fur]]
|religion = [[Traditional African religion]], later [[Islam]] (official 1635)
|currency =
|leader1 = [[Abd al-Karim]]
|leader2 = [[Dud Murra of Wadai]]
|leader3 = [['Asil Kolak]]
|year_leader1 = 1603–1637
|year_leader2 = 1902–1909
|year_leader3 = 1909-1912
|title_leader = Kolak
|today = {{flag|Central African Republic}}
{{flag|Chad}}
{{flag|Sudan}}
}}
{{History of Chad}}

'''Wadai Empire'''
Pre-Islam there were a kingdom of Tunjur, around 1501s. Prior to the 1630s Bargo people overthrew the Tunjur Kingdom dynasty in Wadai and formed the backbone of the [[Wadai Empire]] which dominated eastern Chad and far west of Sudan .The capital of Wadai Kingdom it was Ouara (Wara) and present day is Abéché.[1]
In 1635, the Bargo and other small groups in the region rallied to the Islamic banner of Abd al-Karim, who was descended from Bargo family, led an invasion from the east and overthrew the ruling Tunjur group, who at the time was led by a king named Daud. Abd al-Karim.[1] Abd al-Karim secured and centralized his power in the area by marrying the Tunjur King Daud's daughter, Meiram Aisa, and then forming other marriage pacts with other tribes, such as the Mahamid and Beni Halba and masalit tribes. Abd al-Karim became the first Kolak (Sultan) of a dynasty that lasted until the arrival of the French.
During much of the 18th century, the history of Wadai is marked by wars with the Sultanate of Darfur and in the early 1700s under the rule of Dud Murra’s
grandson, Ya'qub Arus (1681–1707), the country suffered terrible drought that lasted for several years. After 1804, during the reign of Muhammad Sabun (r. 1804 – c. 1815), the Sultanate of Wadai began to expand its power as it profited considerably from its strategic position astride the trans-Saharan trade routes. A new trade route to the north was found, via Ennedi, Kufra and Jalu-Awjila to Benghazi, and Sabun outfitted royal caravans to take advantage of it. He began minting his own coinage and imported chain mail, firearms, and military advisers from North Africa. Sabun's successors were less able than he, and Darfur took advantage of a disputed political succession in 1838 to put its own candidate in power in Ouara, the capital of Wadai. This tactic backfired, however, when Darfur's choice, Muhammad Sharif, rejected Darfur's meddling and asserted his own authority. In doing so, he gained acceptance from Wadai's various factions and went on to become Wadai's ablest ruler.
Sharif conducted military campaigns as far west as Bornu and eventually established Wadai's hegemony over Baguirmi and kingdoms as far away as the Chari River. In Mecca, Sharif had met the founder of the Senussi Islamic brotherhood, a movement that was strong among the inhabitants of Cyrenaica (in present-day Libya) and that was to become a dominant political force and source of resistance to French colonization.
Last charge of the cavalry. Armed with spear, bow and sword, and accompanied by deafening music, Wadai's forces held to the old methods- mass cavalry charges followed by the infantry. These were insufficient against modern weapons.
Sultan Dud Murra of Wadai opposed French domination until being overcome on June 6, 1909, with the occupation of the capital Abéché by French troops where a puppet sultan was installed. Resistance continued until the last independent sultan, 'Asil Kolak, was captured in 1912 bringing the independence of the sultanate to an end. The Wadai Sultanate was reconstituted under French suzerainty in 1935, with Muhammad Urada ibn Ibrahim becoming Kolak, or sultan. The sultanate continues under the suzerainty of the Republic of Chad and its current Kolak since 1977 is Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Urada.
It became part of the independent Republic of Chad on that country's independence in 1960. The Ouaddaï Region of modern Chad covers part of the area of the old kingdom. Its chief town is Abéché.. In modern [[Bargo]] society, chiefs and members of royal clans still possess a high degree of prestige and power.

==See also==
* [[Sudan]]
* [[Chad]]
* [[Darfur]]
* [[South Sudan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ethnic groups in Chad}}
{{Ethnic groups in Sudan}}
{{Ethnic group in Africa }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bargo People}}

[[:Category:Ethnic groups in Chad]]
[[:Category:Ethnic groups in Sudan]]
[[:Category:Wadai]]
[[:Category:Darfur]]
[[:Category:Sudanese society]]
[[:Category:African diaspora]]

User:Ghahg21

2020-12-25T16:02:58Z

Ghahg21: ←Created page with 'The '''Bargo''' people ( Arabic: برقُــو) , are an ethnic group, sometimes called the '''Wadaian''' attribution to the area of Wadi,...'

The '''Bargo''' people ( [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: برقُــو) , are an ethnic group, sometimes called the '''Wadaian''' attribution to the area of Wadi, and also called '''Maba''' . The term Maba is actually a collective term used to describe the mountain tribes in [[Wadai]] into which other ethnic groups have been assimilated. are the dominant people group of the Wadai Mountains which are located in present day eastern [[Chad]] and western [[Sudan]]. The majority of [[Bargo]] people speak the [[Bargo]] language as a mother tongue, which belongs to the Maban group of the Nilo-Saharan family. [[Bargo]] language is closely related to the [[Masalit]] and [[Runga]] languages. Many of the [[Bargo]] also speak Arabic as an education language and trade language. Th most other tribes in the area, are a Muslims. According to the Islamic faith, Allah is viewed as the sole creator and restorer of the world. Islam teaches that man's goal is to submit to the will of Allah which is made known through the scriptures in the Quran.

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Bargo people
|population= 3,470,000
|region1 = {{flagcountry|Sudan}}
|pop1 = 1,371,000
|ref1 =
|region2 = {{flagcountry|Chad}}
|pop2 = 2,099,000
|ref3 =
|langs = [[Bargo]] · [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ·
|rels = [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]]
|related = [[Masalit people|Masalit]] · [[Marfa]] · [[Beni Halba]] · [[Mimi]] · [[Kibet]] · [[Karanga people|Karanga]] · other [[Mabang]]}}

==Language==
[[Bargo]] [[language]] is a spoken in [[Chad]] and [[Sudan]]. It is divided into several dialects, and serves as a local [[trade language]]. Bargo is closely related to the [[Masalit language]].

{{Infobox language
|name=Bargo
|nativename=
|states=[[Chad]], [[Sudan]]
|region=[[Ouaddaï Region|Ouaddaï]], [[Wadi Fira Region|Wadi Fira]]
|ethnicity=[[Bargo people |Bargo]]
|speakers={{sigfig|3,470,000 |2}}
|date=2006
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Nilo-Saharan
|fam2=[[Maban languages|Maban]]
|fam3=Mabang
|dia1=Kodoi
|dia2=etc.
|iso3=mde
|glotto=maba1277
|glottorefname=Bargo (Chad)(Sudan)
}}

==History==

{{Infobox country
|native_name = {{lang|ar|سلطنة وداي}}
|conventional_long_name = Sultanate of Wadai
|common_name = Wadai
|era = Early Modern Period
|status =
|status_text =
|empire =
|government_type = Monarchy
|year_start = 1501
|year_end = 1912
|event_start =
|date_start =
|event_end =
|date_end =
|event1 = Abd al-Karim overthrows the Tunjur King Daud
|date_event1 = 1635
|event_pre =
|date_pre =
|event_post = Wadai reconstituted under French suzerainty
|date_post = 1935
|p1 = Tunjur
|flag_p1 =
|p2 = Sultanate of Darfur
|flag_p2 =
|s1 = French Equatorial Africa
|flag_s1 = Flag of France.svg
|image_flag =
|flag =
|flag_type =
|image_coat =
|symbol =
|symbol_type =
|image_map = CentralEastAfrica1750.png
|image_map_caption = Wadai and surrounding states in 1750.
|capital = {{plainlist|
*[[Ouara]] (1635–1890)
*[[Abeche, Chad|Abeche]] (1890–1911)}}
|national_motto =
|national_anthem =
|common_languages = [[Arabic]], [[Maban languages|Maban]], [[Tunjur]], [[fur language|Fur]]
|religion = [[Traditional African religion]], later [[Islam]] (official 1635)
|currency =
|leader1 = [[Abd al-Karim]]
|leader2 = [[Dud Murra of Wadai]]
|leader3 = [['Asil Kolak]]
|year_leader1 = 1603–1637
|year_leader2 = 1902–1909
|year_leader3 = 1909-1912
|title_leader = Kolak
|today = {{flag|Central African Republic}}
{{flag|Chad}}
{{flag|Sudan}}
}}
{{History of Chad}}

'''Wadai Empire'''
Pre-Islam there were a kingdom of Tunjur, around 1501s. Prior to the 1630s Bargo people overthrew the Tunjur Kingdom dynasty in Wadai and formed the backbone of the [[Wadai Empire]] which dominated eastern Chad and far west of Sudan .The capital of Wadai Kingdom it was Ouara (Wara) and present day is Abéché.[1]
In 1635, the Bargo and other small groups in the region rallied to the Islamic banner of Abd al-Karim, who was descended from Bargo family, led an invasion from the east and overthrew the ruling Tunjur group, who at the time was led by a king named Daud. Abd al-Karim.[1] Abd al-Karim secured and centralized his power in the area by marrying the Tunjur King Daud's daughter, Meiram Aisa, and then forming other marriage pacts with other tribes, such as the Mahamid and Beni Halba and masalit tribes. Abd al-Karim became the first Kolak (Sultan) of a dynasty that lasted until the arrival of the French.
During much of the 18th century, the history of Wadai is marked by wars with the Sultanate of Darfur and in the early 1700s under the rule of Dud Murra’s
grandson, Ya'qub Arus (1681–1707), the country suffered terrible drought that lasted for several years. After 1804, during the reign of Muhammad Sabun (r. 1804 – c. 1815), the Sultanate of Wadai began to expand its power as it profited considerably from its strategic position astride the trans-Saharan trade routes. A new trade route to the north was found, via Ennedi, Kufra and Jalu-Awjila to Benghazi, and Sabun outfitted royal caravans to take advantage of it. He began minting his own coinage and imported chain mail, firearms, and military advisers from North Africa. Sabun's successors were less able than he, and Darfur took advantage of a disputed political succession in 1838 to put its own candidate in power in Ouara, the capital of Wadai. This tactic backfired, however, when Darfur's choice, Muhammad Sharif, rejected Darfur's meddling and asserted his own authority. In doing so, he gained acceptance from Wadai's various factions and went on to become Wadai's ablest ruler.
Sharif conducted military campaigns as far west as Bornu and eventually established Wadai's hegemony over Baguirmi and kingdoms as far away as the Chari River. In Mecca, Sharif had met the founder of the Senussi Islamic brotherhood, a movement that was strong among the inhabitants of Cyrenaica (in present-day Libya) and that was to become a dominant political force and source of resistance to French colonization.
Last charge of the cavalry. Armed with spear, bow and sword, and accompanied by deafening music, Wadai's forces held to the old methods- mass cavalry charges followed by the infantry. These were insufficient against modern weapons.
Sultan Dud Murra of Wadai opposed French domination until being overcome on June 6, 1909, with the occupation of the capital Abéché by French troops where a puppet sultan was installed. Resistance continued until the last independent sultan, 'Asil Kolak, was captured in 1912 bringing the independence of the sultanate to an end. The Wadai Sultanate was reconstituted under French suzerainty in 1935, with Muhammad Urada ibn Ibrahim becoming Kolak, or sultan. The sultanate continues under the suzerainty of the Republic of Chad and its current Kolak since 1977 is Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Urada.
It became part of the independent Republic of Chad on that country's independence in 1960. The Ouaddaï Region of modern Chad covers part of the area of the old kingdom. Its chief town is Abéché.. In modern [[Bargo]] society, chiefs and members of royal clans still possess a high degree of prestige and power.

==See also==
* [[Sudan]]
* [[Chad]]
* [[Darfur]]
* [[South Sudan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ethnic groups in Chad}}
{{Ethnic groups in Sudan}}
{{Ethnic group in Africa }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bargo People}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Chad]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Sudan]]
[[Category:Wadai]]
[[Category:Darfur]]
[[Category:Sudanese society]]
[[Category:African diaspora]]