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Rattiszell

2025-01-06T06:42:08Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen von Rattiszell.png → File:DEU Rattiszell COA.svg PNG → SVG

{{Expand German|topic=geo|date=March 2009|Rattiszell}}

{{Infobox German location
|image_coa = DEU Rattiszell COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|2|N|12|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Rattiszell in SR.svg
|state = Bayern
|region = Niederbayern
|district = Straubing-Bogen
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Stallwang
|elevation = 363
|area = 22.16
|postal_code = 94372
|area_code = 09964
|licence = SR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 78 179
|website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20071204053539/http://www.vg-stallwang.de/rattiszell/index_grusswort.html www.vg-stallwang.de/rattiszell]
|mayor = Manfred Reiner<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2020–26
|party = FW
}}

'''Rattiszell''' is a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] in the district of [[Straubing-Bogen]] in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cities and towns in Straubing-Bogen (district)}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Straubing-Bogen]]

{{StraubingBogen-geo-stub}}

Odenbach

2025-01-06T06:38:43Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-odenbach.jpg → File:DEU Odenbach COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Other}}
{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Odenbach COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|41|05|N|7|39|05|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Odenbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 160
|area = 7.95
|postal_code = 67748
|area_code = 06753
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 074
|website =
|mayor = Helga Becker<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
|party =
}}
'''Odenbach''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies northeast of [[Lauterecken]] at the mouth of its eponymous river, the [[Odenbach (Glan)|Odenbach]], where it empties into the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] in the [[North Palatine Uplands]]. Odenbach also lies on ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420. The village lies on both sides of the Glan where the valley floor's elevation is 155 m above [[sea level]]. The valleys are squeezed somewhat into a narrow gap by various mountains. Foremost of these on the Glan's left bank are the Bennerberg (308 m) and the Bornberg with its outliers stretching towards [[Meisenheim]], while on the right bank are the Galgenberg (326 m above sea level) and the Hagelkreuz (357 m). Furthermore, in the gore formed by the Glan and Odenbach is the plateau of the Hellerwald and the Streit. The municipal area measures 800 ha, of which 465 ha is farmed, 233 ha is wooded (municipality's share, 54 ha), 83 ha is settled or used for transport, 8 ha is recreational and 11 ha is open water.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Odenbach borders in the north on the town of [[Meisenheim]], in the east on the municipalities of [[Reiffelbach]] and [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]], in the south on the municipality of [[Adenbach]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]] and in the west on the municipality of [[Medard]].

===Municipality’s layout===
Odenbach's appearance up until the early 19th century was characterized by its girding wall with two gates, the ''Obertor'' (Upper Gate) and the ''Untertor'' (Lower Gate), and three defensive towers. In the village core, the [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] street network has remained largely preserved. With only a few exceptions, most of the village's buildings were destroyed in the great fire of 1733. The village wall was razed in 1828, and only a few bits of it remain today. Thereafter, the village spread out in the course of the 19th century beyond the former village [[moat]] along the newly built Grabenstraße (“Moat Street”), Adenbacher Straße and Glanstraße. After the [[Second World War]], the municipality opened three new residential areas, beginning in 1953 the one in the rural cadastral areas known as “Im Schofel” and “In Kohlenstein”, a few years later the one in the rural cadastral area known as “In Burghöhl” and in the 1970s the one in the rural cadastral area known as “Am Schächerweg”. The [[loam]]- an [[loess]]-rich Glan valley floor, as well as the heights stretching towards [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Roth]], make for outstanding conditions for [[agriculture]]. The mountain slopes on the Glan's left bank and the Odenbach's right – a rural cadastral area known as “Igelsbach” (literally “Hedgehog’s Brook”) – offered the best chances for [[winegrowing]], which was mentioned as early as 893. By the late 19th century, [[vineyard]]s took up some 10% of the area within Odenbach's limits. As a result of the changes to agricultural structure, winegrowing came to an end in the 1960s. The woodlands, which still make up roughly one third of the municipal area, served the local farmers before the [[First World War]] as a further support for their endeavours. Foremost among its boons to them was of course [[firewood]] for private use, but it was also useful for [[tanbark]] harvesting, and it yielded the wood that was needed for building and [[woodworking]]. The shift to other energy sources, however, has led to a relative loss of importance for the woodlands.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
The earliest traces of settlement in and around Odenbach go back to the [[New Stone Age]]. [[Archaeology|Archaeological]] finds from the [[Bronze Age]] that followed, however, have been rather sparse, but they become richer again with the rise of the [[Celts]]. From the early [[Iron Age]] ([[Hallstatt culture|Hallstatt times]], about 800-500 BC) comes the burying ground that was unearthed on the Galgenberg. Furthermore, digging work in 1934 at the “Hellerwald” sporting ground brought to light another burying ground, this one from the later Iron Age ([[La Tène culture|La Tène times]], about 500 BC to AD 1), which long lay on a homestead in the cadastral area known as “Im hintern Spitzwasen”, whose foundation remnants are known. Finds of ancient coins show that there was uninterrupted settlement here in the transitional period between Celtic and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times. Indeed, [[Roman roads]] once ran along the heights to the Roßberg and the [[Burg Ebernburg|Ebernburg]] either side of the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. Unearthed during clearing work in the cadastral area known as “Im Neuberg” was one of the most important troves: some 150 [[gold]] coins attributed to the East Celtic tribe of the ''Leuker''. After [[Julius Caesar]] conquered [[Gaul]], the inhabitants adopted Roman culture. The State Museum in [[Speyer]] keeps a [[bronze]] statuette of [[Minerva]] found in [[Adenbach]] and another of [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] found in Odenbach. During the [[Migration Period]], between about AD 375 to 550, the [[Medard]]-Odenbach area must have been a refuge.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
After the [[Franks]] had finished taking the land, a [[Merovingian dynasty|Merovingian]] prince donated the lordship over St. Medard to the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]] on the [[Meuse]] sometime about the year 600. While the Church of St. Medard was the hub for local missionary efforts, Odenbach was the administrative hub. On 20 May 841, Odenbach itself had its first documentary mention. Out of the lordship's ''[[Vogt]]ei'' grew bit by bit the ''Gericht'' (court, or court district) of Odenbach, the same as the territory later known as the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Ämter]]'' of Odenbach and Lauterecken. After the Frankish Imperial partitions [[Treaty of Verdun|in 843]] and [[Treaty of Mersen|in 870]], the Bishopric of Verdun found that it was somewhat less than straightforward to hold onto [[East Francia|East Frankish]] holdings. Upon the accession of Bishop of Verdun Albert I of Marcey in 1156, [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]], guaranteed Verdun's rights. To strengthen the claim to the lordship, a moated [[castle]] was built on the gore of land at the Odenbach's mouth in the same century, although its buildings were torn down in the [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618-1648) by [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Military occupation|occupiers]]. By the mid 19th century, most of what was left had fallen into ruin. One remnant still stands today, however, the ruin of a tower known as the ''Weiherturm''. Remnants of other old buildings, too, still bear witness to the village's centuries-long history. The castle belonged to the St. Medard estate, which itself belonged to the Bishop of Verdun. It later became the seat of the Barons of Fürstenwächter. The Verdun holding around [[Medard]] and Odenbach eventually formed along with those around [[Baumholder]] and [[Nohfelden|Wolfersweiler]], the ''Remigiusland'' and the ''Amt'' of Veldenz on the [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]] the [[County of Veldenz]]. In 1444, the County of Veldenz met its end when Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] wed [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]] of the [[House of Wittelsbach]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father's title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. This state in turn met its end in 1798 after [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] had occupied the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Middle Ages]</ref> Odenbach had already become the seat of a ''[[Schultheiß]]'' by 1387.

===Modern times===
[[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Duke Johann I]] freed the villagers of Odenbach and a few of the outlying villages from [[serfdom]] in 1579.<ref>Johann Georg Lehmann: ''Vollständige Geschichte des Herzogtums Zweibrücken und seiner Fürsten'', Kaiser, 1867, S. 383 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=sBpBAAAAcAAJ&dq=Odenbach%201579&pg=PA383 Online-Ausgabe bei Google Books])</ref> In 1596, they were also granted market rights.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
In 1798, [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] [[Annexation|annexed]] the land. Administratively, Odenbach formed together with [[Adenbach]], [[Ginsweiler]], [[Reiffelbach]] and [[Schmittweiler]] a ''mairie'' (“mayoralty”) belonging to the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Lauterecken, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). After [[France|French]] rule, once [[Napoleon]] had been driven out of the country, the [[Congress of Vienna]] drew new boundaries yet again. After a transitional time, Odenbach was grouped into the ''bayerischer Rheinkreis'', later known as ''Rheinpfalz'' (“Rhenish Palatinate”), an exclave of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] in 1816 with the rank of ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“mayoralty”). In the 1870s, three coal pits were opened and almost 500 miners were employed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Odenbach/ |title=Odenbach's history |access-date=2020-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305080728/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Odenbach/ |archive-date=2013-03-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the course of administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], the 1,000-year-old administrative entity of Odenbach was dissolved in 1970, and the municipality was grouped into the [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
In 1566, there were 69 families registered at Odenbach, while in 1609 there were 62. In the latter case, they were broken down as follows: one innkeeper, twelve craftsmen, fourteen farmers, eleven winegrowers, five day labourers, two herdsmen and two gatekeepers. The events of the [[Thirty Years' War]] led to considerable loss of life and property. In 1656 (eight years after the war ended), only 23 families were left in Odenbach. On the occasion of the 1719 [[census]], it was noted that there were 344 souls (some 76 families), of whom 30 were [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], 243 were [[Calvinism|Reformed]] and 71 were [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]. There were also four [[Jew]]ish families. A huge demographic shift came about somewhat more than 120 years later that saw the village's population rise threefold. In 1843, 1,079 souls were counted, of whom 110 were Jewish. Besides the odd swing, either up or down, this population level has remained steady until the present day. This level was held steady only by the outflow of people, both to German cities and industrial centres and overseas, mainly to the [[United States]]. Until the [[Second World War]] ended, roughly one third of the inhabitants were farmers, each with a plot of between 5 and 20 ha, while another third worked in trades. The remaining third of the population was made up of both people in learned professions and day labourers. Today, only 12 commercial concerns can still be found in the village, mainly family businesses and small businesses. Most Odenbach inhabitants in the workforce work elsewhere. As for farms, only two now remain.

The following table shows population development since early [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] times for Odenbach, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Odenbach’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1999 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 878 || 1,113 || 1,951 || 1,069 || 1,025 || 1,095 || 1,105 || 924
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' || 39 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 126 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' || 765 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 965 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Judaism|Jewish]]''' || 74 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 2 ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The oldest name known for Odenbach is drawn from the village's location on the now like-named brook and can presumably be traced back to the pre-Germanic name for the stream, ''Audina''. According to researchers Dolch and Greule, writing in 1990, Odenbach's first documentary mention came in an 841 document that named ''Uotenbach''. Other names that the village has borne over time are, among others, ''de Odenbahc'' (893), ''de Ottenbach'' (1194) and Odenbach (1222). According to Dolch's and Greule's research, the name is made up of the syllable ''—bach'' ([[German language|German]] for “brook”), as with many other places in the region, to which is prefixed what was originally a personal name, either “Odo” or “Otto”, possibly the village's founder.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Municipality’s name]</ref>

==Religion==
In [[Prüm Abbey]]’s 893 directory of holdings, the ''Prümer Urbar'', a [[church (building)|church]] in Odenbach was mentioned for the first time, one consecrated to [[Saint Peter]]. It is one of the oldest in the whole [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] valley. In 1683, the [[chapel]] fell to the pickaxe after falling into disrepair. On the same spot arose the [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] [[hall church]] in 1763-1764. The churchtower was built in three steps: the ground floor was built in the 13th century, the second level in 1508, and the third in 1666 along with its three eight-sided cupolae, built one on top of the other. It is believed that the Prüm [[proprietary church]] lost its independence under [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishop of Mainz]] Adalbert II (1138-1141) and was placed under Mainz ecclesiastical jurisdiction by reason of Verdun's proprietary church rights and the Frankish Imperial partitions in the 9th century. Both [[Medard]]’s and Odenbach’s churches thereby passed into the ownership of the [[monastery]] at [[Disibodenberg]]. Under Archbishop Gerlach of Mainz (1353-1371), the Church of Odenbach got its independence back on 15 June 1367, and has held onto it without interruption ever since. In 1548, the parish became [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]], and in 1588, [[Calvinism|Reformed]]. In the last fourth of the 18th century, however, a number of [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] and Lutherans migrated to the village, forming both a Catholic and a Lutheran parish, both of which sought a [[simultaneum]]. Any disagreements over church use were settled by the applicable sections of the [[Treaty of Ryswick]] (30 October 1697), but differences between Lutherans and Calvinists did not come to an end until 1818, when the two denominations united to form the Palatine State Church. Since 1970, the [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] parish of Odenbach (Odenbach, [[Adenbach]], [[Ginsweiler]]) has been united with the parish of Gangloff ([[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Gangloff, Roth, Becherbach]], [[Reiffelbach]]). Several local clergymen have earned regional acclaim (see [[#Famous people|'''Famous people''']] below). For a while, the [[Judaism|Jewish]] share of the population was quite big. After the great fire of 1733, the [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] ''Judenschultheiß'' (“reeve of the Jews”) Salomon Meyer acquired a burnt-out spot on Kirchhofstraße where he built a prayer parlour. After Meyer's death, his [[widow]] sold the building in 1802 to the Jewish religious community, who used it for worship until 1938, the time of [[Kristallnacht]]. In 1989, the ''Förderverein zur Erhaltung der Synagoge'' (“Promotional Association for Preserving the [[Synagogue]]”) acquired the run-down building, now under monumental protection, from private ownership and restored it with the Association's own means and also government funding. Worth seeing are the wall paintings, which are now once more visible.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360407400.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Odenbach's mayor is Helga Becker.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Vert a bend sinister wavy argent between a bend wavy of the same between two grapevines of the field, and a grapevine of the field.

The arms are modelled after the imprint of a court seal used as early as 1490. The bend and the bend sinister (slanted stripes) are meant to illustrate the Odenbach emptying into the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. The arms have been borne since 19 October 1853 when they were approved by King [[Maximilian II of Bavaria]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Description and explanation of Odenbach’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* [[Protestantism|Protestant]] parish church, Kirchhofstraße 29 – [[aisleless church]], 1764/1765, architect Philipp Heinrich Hellermann, [[Zweibrücken]]; tower 1508 (ground floor from the 14th century), floors added 1766
* Hauptstraße 7 – town hall; [[sandstone]]-framed plastered building with arcade hall, about 1570; characterizes village’s appearance (see also [[#Town hall|below]])
* Hauptstraße 24 – former rectory; stately building with hipped roof, 1788, architect Friedrich Gerhard Wahl, Zweibrücken; open shed with stables (see also [[#Former rectory|below]])
* Hauptstraße 41/43 – three-sided estate, 1818; two buildings with half-hipped roofs, one-floor side building, two-part gate complex; together with Hauptstraße 45 characterizes village’s appearance
* Hauptstraße 45 – three-sided estate, 1820; two buildings with half-hipped roofs, roofed gate complex; together with Hauptstraße 41/43 characterizes village’s appearance
* Kirchhofstraße 19 – former [[synagogue]]; one-floor plastered building with [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] gables, marked 512 (= 1752); women’s gallery 1835, [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] paintings
* Obere Glanstraße, at the graveyard – gravestone, sandstone slab with relief, marked 1616
* Waldwegstraße – bridge; one-arch quarrystone-block bridge, marked 1748
* [[Judaism|Jewish]] graveyard (monumental zone) – enclosed area, possibly laid out in 1845; 74 sandstone gravestones, great variety of shapes, 1846 to 1938, since 1974 a common grave with bones from the old graveyard in [[Lauterecken]]

====''Weiherturm''====
Anyone nearing the village of Odenbach on ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 catches sight of a ruined tower on the village’s southern edge, in the gore formed by the Odenbach where it empties into the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. These remnants of the ''Weiherturm'' (“Pond Tower”) are all that is left of a 12th-century [[moat]]ed [[castle]], Burg Odenbach, which is said to be the municipality's defining landmark. This [[lowland castle]] was once a [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]] holding, is believed to have been built about 1180 and had its first documentary mention in 1303. A 1415 certificate of enfeoffment describes the extent of the castle, the tower, the moat and the bailey. Investigations in the early 1980s yielded the finding that old building work stretched from the tower along the ''Weiherpfad'' (path) almost all the way to Hauptstraße (“Main Street”). The castle building itself was ruined by [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Military occupation|occupiers]] in 1620-1623 in such a way that it became no longer fit to be a dwelling. In the winter of 1850-1851, what was left of the complex fell down. In 1683, [[France|French]] “[[scorched earth]]” occupiers had tried to blow a hole in the tower, but as the charge was greater than what was needed for that, great chunks fell off the tower, leaving it in a collapsed state.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 ''Weiherturm'']</ref>

====Defensive wall====
Right near the ''Weiherturm'' to the northeast, about 200 paces away, remnants of the old village fortifications can still be seen. They were mentioned as long ago as 1377. Roughly one fourth of the old girding wall is preserved.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Defensive wall]</ref>

====Town hall====
The ''Rathaus'' was built in 1570, as can be seen in a letter of complaint written by the then Odenbach pastor and sent by him in 1572 to the village administration. As the municipality's pride and a symbol of its self-assurance at that time, it served in earlier years not only as the administrative centre but also as the hub of village life, with weddings and other occasions being celebrated there. The two-storey building with a gable facing the street was originally equipped with an [[oriel window]]. On the ground floor was a hall with a flat ceiling resting on two stone columns. The gable side was fitted with two gables, each with a side façade with a chamfered round arch. [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] wooden doors were removed during conversion work in 1950. The upper floor was formerly adorned with [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] windows, only two of which are still preserved. During conversion work in the late 18th century, the [[tracery]] windows were replaced with oval windows and the oriel window was removed.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Town hall]</ref>

====Former ''Erkerhaus''====
To be seen at the house across the street from the town hall, the ''Erkerhaus'' (“Oriel Window House”), in the half-oval lintel is the [[keystone (architecture)|keystone]] from the former gateway arch showing the still preserved [[coat of arms]] once borne by the Lords of Fürstenwärther, holders of the castle at Odenbach, with two Palatine lions facing each other. The old building was built in the first fourth of the 16th century and served as a ''[[Vogt]]ei'' seat. By [[Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Duke of Palatinate-Zweibrücken Friedrich Ludwig's]] decree, the house's ownership was transferred to his children from a [[morganatic marriage]]. In 1906, the brothers Leo and Emanuel Löb acquired the building, tore it down and in its stead built the house that now stands.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Former ''Erkerhaus'']</ref>

====Former rectory====
An earlier rectory in Odenbach was badly damaged in the harsh winter of 1784-1785 and could no longer be used as a home. Thus arose a new one in 1788-1789, on the same spot, a two-storey [[Classicism|Classicist]] building designed by [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]’s “countryside and boulevard director” (''Land- und Chausseedirektor'') Gerhard Friedrich Wahl, which is striking for its tight geometric shapes and its simplicity. Also belonging to the house were a barn, a stable, a bakehouse and an open shed whose roof rests on two wooden pillars, the whole built in a square shape so that a closed yard was formed within. In the early 1960s, the district [[Sparkasse (Germany)|savings bank]] (''Kreissparkasse'') of Kusel acquired the property and set up commercial premises on the ground floor, which were festively dedicated and opened to the public on 1 December 1965.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Former rectory]</ref>

====Mountain cellars on the forest path====
Somewhat outside the village, beyond the Odenbach, lying on the left side of a farm lane leading to [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]], are some 40 mountain cellars. When [[agriculture]] underwent profound changes in the latter half of the 18th century through measures instituted by the insightful [[Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Duke Christian IV of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], particularly the measures involving growing [[potato]]es and [[mangelwurzel]]s, storage space also had to be found for this produce. In the village itself, hardly a house with a cellar was to be found. The only way out of this dearth of storage room was to dig these mountain cellars. The clayey [[marl]] on the slope of the forest path was best suited to this task. Skilled miners, many of whom were available in the village at the time, set to work digging many cellars. One peculiarity that these cellars can claim is their ownership history. Nowhere is it written down who owned each one, neither in any register nor in any cadastral survey. Ownership was simply assumed and acknowledged informally.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Mountain cellars on the forest path]</ref>

===Regular events===
Until a few years ago, Odenbach held its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerb'') on the third Sunday before [[Bartholomew the Apostle|Saint Bartholomew's]] Day (24 August, and thus the kermis would have been held in late July or early August), but the municipal council then decided to change this longstanding custom and fix the festival's timing at the third Sunday in August. After the village youth hold a parade, the focus shifts to the kermis square (''Kerbeplatz''), where the ''Straußpredigt'', a kind of “sermon”, is delivered. This is a rhyming summary of the year's events in the village. On [[St. Martin's Day|Martinmas]] (11 November), the ''Martinsumzug'' (a parade) is held in late afternoon, and attended by many children, even from outside the village. Around the beginning of [[Advent]], the association of local clubs holds a [[Christmas]] Market. The [[gym]]nasium at the [[primary school]] serves as a venue for celebratory events and concerts.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Odenbach has the following clubs:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Clubs]</ref>
*''Angelsportverein'' — [[angling]] club
*''Arbeiterwohlfahrt'' — workers’ welfare organization
*''Deutsches Rotes Kreuz'' — [[German Red Cross]]
*''Förderverein Freiwillige Feuerwehr'' — [[fire brigade]] promotional association
*''Förderverein zur Erhaltung der Synagoge'' — Promotional Association for Preserving the [[Synagogue]]
*''Hundeverein'' — dog club
*''Karnevalverein'' — [[Carnival]] club
*''Landfrauenverein'' — countrywomen's club
*''Männergesangverein/Gemischter Chor'' — men's singing club/mixed [[choir]]
*''Musikverein'' — [[music]] club
*''Protestantischer Kirchenchor'' — [[Protestantism|Protestant]] church choir
*''Schützenverein „Edelweiß“'' — [[Shooting sport|shooting]] club
*''Turn- und Sportverein'' — [[Gymnastics|gymnastic]] and [[sport club]]
*''VdK'' — social advocacy group
*''Verkehrsverein'' — transport club

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
In bygone days, Odenbach's economy was characterized by the factors covered in the next four sections.

====Farming====
Foremost among [[Agriculture|agricultural]] endeavours was raising the [[Glan Cattle|Glan-Donnersberg breed]] of [[cattle]]. [[Winegrowing]] was undertaken on the slopes of the Bennerberg, Neuberg and Bornberg, as was fruitgrowing. The much sought-after winter [[apple]]s, and especially the Glan [[plum]]s were sent by the wagonload in the months of September and October as far as [[Hamburg]]. Trade in cattle, grain and wine was mainly done by the [[Jew]]s who lived locally. Owing to [[Antisemitism|anti-Semitic]] legislation and [[boycott]]s instigated by the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]], this trade eventually came to an end.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Farming]</ref>

====Coal mining====
Collieries were to be found on both sides of the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. The earliest report of coal mining in Odenbach came in 1607 with an account of coal being recovered in the “Leckberg” below the “Hohl”. This, however, was not the beginning of coal mining in the local area, for miners had already been mentioned in a 1453 military examination roll. Mined at the coalpits around Odenbach and Roth, galleries in the Blochersberg, Igelsgraben, Pickelwiese, Hagelkreuz and Schinn in the years from 1821 to 1880 were all together 583 154 t of [[coal]]. A report about the coal yield from the Carlsgrube colliery, which lay in the rural cadastral area called “In Dämm” and was run privately from 1788 to 1865, is unavailable. The above-named state-run operations – owned by the [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] state – were shut down in 1885.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Coal mining]</ref>

====Crafts and other occupations====
When the commercial register was first started on 1 January 1908, there were 92 registered businesses. Now, there are only just over a dozen. The ''Glanmühle'', which was mentioned in a document as early as 1387, and which was the estate mill for Odenbach, [[Adenbach]], [[Ginsweiler]], [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]], [[Medard]], [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach, Gangloff]] and [[Reiffelbach]], was shut down for good after an eventful history in 1938. In 1752, the [[watermill]] was built on the Odenbach, and it was shut down for good in 1907.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Crafts and other occupations]</ref>

====Quarrying and stonecutting====
Within Odenbach's limits lie roughly twelve abandoned [[sandstone]] [[Quarry|quarries]]. They bear witness to a once flourishing industry. Foremost among them was the former quarry and stonecutting business on the Kaiserhof. The yellow-veined sandstone from the cadastral area known as “In der Hinterwies” was easy to work and in demand for state buildings, town halls, schoolhouses, business premises and villas. Until 1914, almost 300 men were employed at this quarry. From the other quarries came stone mainly used for making hewn stones for window and door walling and [[Lintel (architecture)|lintels]], and also for making stone crocks for [[sauerkraut]], [[wine press]] vats and [[fruit press]]es. According to a 1926 state examination certificate, the sandstone from the mountain ridge between the Odenbach and the Glan was one of Germany's hardest. As such, it was well suited for making [[millstone]]s, and Odenbach millstones were put to use from the [[Hunsrück]] to the [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Quarrying and stonecutting]</ref>

===Education===
[[Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Duke Alexander of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] issued an edict in 1505 requiring his subjects to send their children to school to learn to [[Literacy|read and write]], but not beyond the age of 13 (in [[Early New High German|early-16th-century German]]: “''…zu schulen thun laßen lern schreiben und leßen, aber nit über XIII jare des schulers alters…''”). The earliest verifiable school intendant was mentioned in 1566. Shortly thereafter, the municipality built a school building on Kirchhofstraße, which was used until 1828. About 1710, the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] community also hired its own teacher. The teacher taught classes at first at the village hall until a suitable building was acquired on Kirchhofstraße. In [[Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken|Duke Gustav Samuel's]] time (1718-1731), the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] community, too, hired its own teacher. Since the municipality had a small population, the means to run such a school system any longer could not be raised. After a short time, classes ended. After the 1818 [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Union, which saw the Lutherans and the [[Calvinism|Calvinists]] unite into one denomination, a boys’ school was established at the old Calvinist school and a girls’ school at the old Lutheran school. The two schools soon outgrew their venues, as can be seen in a report: “In Odenbach are found two schoolhouses, of which the one is assigned for teaching boys and the other for teaching girls. Neither is fit for the requirements, but exceptionally bad is the location of the girls’ school, which contains only one parlour and a dark kitchen. This room serves as both the classroom and the livingroom for the schoolteacher with five children and a maid, and quite often as a kitchen.” The municipality built a roomier schoolhouse in 1828 on Untergasse with two classrooms and the requisite teachers’ dwellings. Since a third teaching post needed to be filled by 1862, the municipality acquired a building on Grabenstraße that, after remodelling, came to be known as the ''Kleines Schulhaus'' – “Little Schoolhouse”. In 1960, all classes were transferred to the new school building in the cadastral area “Auf dem Hubacker”. Today, only the [[primary school]] classes are taught there.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Education]</ref> Odenbach also has one [[kindergarten]].

===Transport===
As far back as [[Celts|Celtic]] times, there must have been a bridleway from [[Trier]] going towards [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] by way of Odenbach. The village was linked to the [[Roman roads|Roman road]] network by way of [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]] to the ''Hochstrooß'' (''Hohe Straße'' in [[German language|Modern High German]] or “High Road” in [[English language|English]]) that led from [[Kreuznach]] to [[Otterberg]], and likewise by another such road from [[Kreuznach]] by way of the “Hub” to [[Baumholder]], the so-called ''Grumbacher Straße''. A path through the Hellerwald (forest) linked Odenbach with Otterberg. All of these road links still existed until the 19th century, then losing their traditional importance as the valley roads were extended. Work began on the roadbed for the Odenbach valley road in 1835 from [[Schneckenhausen]], ending in Odenbach ten years later. The local linking road to [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Roth]] and [[Reiffelbach]] got a new roadbed in 1885. In 1938, on military grounds, the [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] expanded the road now known as ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420. In 1896, the [[Glan Valley Railway]] (''Glantalbahn'') from [[Lauterecken-Grumbach station|Lauterecken]] to [[Staudernheim station|Staudernheim]] came into service, and only a short time later, in 1903-1904, was [[Double track|double-tracked]] for strategic reasons throughout the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] valley. Nevertheless, in 1986, passenger service on the local railway came to an end, with goods service ending, too, a few years later.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Transport]</ref> Running through the village today is ''Bundesstraße'' 420. The stretch of the Glan Valley Railway running through Odenbach is out of service. On its tracks, visitors may ride [[draisine]]s. Serving Lauterecken is a [[railway station]] on the [[Lauter Valley Railway (Palatinate)|Lauter Valley Railway]] (''Lautertalbahn'').

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
*Philipp Wilbrand Jakob Müller (b. 1771 Odenbach; d. 1851 Odenbach)
::From 1792 to 1811 vicar in Odenbach, from 1811 to 1851 pastor, Müller was also deacon of the deaconry of Lauterecken in 1820. From youth he also dedicated himself to a secondary occupation in the [[natural science]]s, especially [[botany]]. His correspondence with the botanist Johann Wilhelm Daniel Koch is nowadays kept at the Palatine Museum for Natural History (''Pfalzmuseum für Naturkunde'' or ''Pollichia-Museum'') in [[Bad Dürkheim]]. In later years he gave himself over with fondness to [[entomology]]. Various publications bear witness to his work in this scientific endeavour. In the ''Entomologische Hefte'', published at [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] in 1803, which can be considered the groundwork for a later description of the [[fauna]] of the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]), he put together the whole first issue containing a [[monograph]] on the [[Histeridae|hister beetles]], and in the second issue he also wrote a monograph about ''[[Dorcatoma]]'' (a genus of [[beetle]]s). Other than these, there were also many other publications about beetle and other [[insect]] species. He was a member of a few natural research societies, foremost the one at [[Leipzig]]. In 1818, he belonged to the Union Synod, which oversaw the union of the two [[Protestantism|Protestant]] denominations, [[Lutheranism]] and [[Calvinism]], into one.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Philipp Wilbrand Jakob Müller]</ref>

===Famous people associated with the municipality===
*Georg Ulrich Geyßel (b. 1622 in [[Schwarzenbach, Upper Palatinate|Schwarzenbach]]; d. 1699 in Odenbach)
::From 1671 to 1699 pastor in Odenbach and inspector of the ''[[Classis (ecclesiastical)|Claße]] Meisenheim'', Geyßel was also from 1671 to 1674 and again from 1678 until his death (1 February 1699) Assistant of the [[Calvinism|Reformed]] [[Consistory (Protestantism)#Reformed usage|High Consistory]] in [[Zweibrücken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Georg Ulrich Geyßel]</ref>

*Georg Friedrich Ludwig Müller (b. 1734 in [[Cleebourg|Kleeburg]]; d. 1811 in Odenbach)
::From 1760 to 1764 professor at the [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] in [[Zweibrücken]], from 1764 to 1811 pastor in Odenbach, in 1783 inspector of the ''Claße Meisenheim'' and in 1798 local [[Session (Presbyterianism)|consistory]] president for the [[Obermoschel]] consistorial church, Müller was also, beginning in 1806, local consistory president in [[Rockenhausen]]. He was one of his time’s foremost minds. Besides his mother tongue ([[German language|German]]), Müller mastered the ancient tongues of [[Latin]], [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] and [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] as well as [[French language|French]] and a few [[Languages of Asia|Oriental languages]]. Besides [[theology]], his favourite scientific fields were [[mathematics]], [[astronomy]] and botany. His library held a wealth of works – 2,580 volumes – with some works dating from the 16th and 17th centuries, among them four [[incunable]]s. The books dealt with not only theology and [[philosophy]] but also various natural sciences and the [[Geisteswissenschaft|humanities]]. Müller’s library is nowadays owned by the Library of the [[Evangelical Church of the Palatinate|Evangelical Regional Church]] Council (''Evangelischer Landeskirchenrat'') in [[Speyer]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Georg Friedrich Ludwig Müller]</ref>

*Ernst Ludwig Ferdinand von Fürstenwerther (b. 1737 in [[Meisenheim]]; d. 1821 in Meisenheim)
::Fürstenwerther, as the eleventh of eighteen children from a comital family, was one of the holders of the [[castle]] in Odenbach, a member of the ''Régiment Royal Deux-Ponts'' in the [[Seven Years' War]] and, later, a participant in the [[American Revolutionary War|American War of Independence]], in which both he and his brother Karl Leopold were recognized for their outstanding service. The two of them were decorated personally by [[George Washington]], receiving a high order.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Ernst Ludwig Ferdinand von Fürstenwerther]</ref>

*Friedrich Gerhard Wahl (b. 1747 in [[Annweiler am Trifels|Annweiler]]; d. 1826 in [[Kaiserslautern]])
::Master builder (construction above and below ground) in the service of the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], Wahl spent his youth in Odenbach, and later administered the Duchy’s whole road network. He also became well known as a master churchbuilder, building among other churches the one in Odenbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7569 Friedrich Gerhard Wahl]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130305080728/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Odenbach/ Odenbach in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Oberweiler-Tiefenbach

2025-01-05T06:15:49Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Oberweiler tiefenbach.gif → File:DEU Oberweiler-Tiefenbach COA.svg GIF → SVG

{{distinguish|text=[[Oberweiler im Tal]] in the same district}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Oberweiler-Tiefenbach COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|35|52|N|7|36|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Oberweiler-Tiefenbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 180
|area = 3.21
|postal_code = 67752
|area_code = 06304
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 073
|divisions = 2 Ortsteile
|mayor = Günter Schwambach<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Oberweiler-Tiefenbach lies on the river [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter's]] right bank northeast of the Königsberg in the [[North Palatine Uplands]]. Originally two separate villages, the municipality's two centres lie at an elevation of some 185 m above [[sea level]], Oberweiler lying farther upstream at the [[mill (grinding)|mill]], and Tiefenbach lying farther downstream at the [[church (building)|church]] standing near the mountain slope. Between the two centres flows the Breitbach, which then empties into the Lauter. The elevations east of the village reach heights of up to roughly 370 m above sea level (Eichelberg 368 m). The municipal area measures  ha, of which roughly 15 ha is settled and 80 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Oberweiler-Tiefenbach borders in the north on the municipality of [[Hohenöllen]] and the Reckweilerhof (which belongs to Wolfstein), in the east on the municipality of [[Einöllen]] and in the south and west on the town of [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]. Oberweiler-Tiefenbach also meets the municipality of [[Heinzenhausen]] at a single point in the northwest.

===Constituent communities===
Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' are Oberweiler and Tiefenbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Constituent communities]</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
The two villages, which over time have grown together into one, stretch as a long linear village (or by some definitions, a “thorpe”) along the [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter's]] right bank. The river here also forms [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein's]] town limit. The road along which the village stretches, nowadays known as ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 49, was originally the main link in the Lauter valley. A small concentration of building stands in Oberweiler's south end near the mill, where a bridge over to the river's left bank is also to be found. Another bridge linking to ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270 and the stop on the [[Lauter Valley Railway (Palatinate)|Lauter Valley Railway]] (''Lautertalbahn'') is found in the village's north. Likewise in the north end stands the old church, an eye-catching sight in the Lauter valley. The church is surrounded by the graveyard. The former [[school]], which for a time was used as a [[special school]], stands in the Breitbach valley. Part of the industrial property owned by the firm K. O. Braun, a [[textile]] factory, lies within Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's limits.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
It is certain that the area around Oberweiler-Tiefenbach was settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], bearing witness to which is a wealth of prehistoric [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds, especially from the neighbouring municipalities. Within [[Einöllen]]’s limits, near the municipal limit with Oberweiler-Tiefenbach, roughly a dozen [[Stone tool|stone hatchets]] were unearthed before the [[First World War]], which are now believed to be in private ownership. No finds from [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times in Oberweiler-Tiefenbach are directly known.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Both Oberweiler and Tiefenbach, neither of which had even yet had its first documentary mention, lay in the [[Nahegau]] and passed with the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'' of Einöllen to the [[County of Veldenz]] when it was founded in 1126. Both villages were very small. Indeed, it is likely that Oberweiler was for a long time nothing more than a feudal estate. Hence, it is quite understandable that so little information about these places has reached the present day from the [[Middle Ages]]. In 1290, Oberweiler had its first documentary mention, while Tiefenbach had its first documentary mention in 1316.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach |title=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's history |access-date=2012-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924160547/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach |archive-date=2011-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Besides the documents containing the villages’ first documentary mentions, Oberweiler crops up in a further mediaeval document from 1296 with its modern spelling, otherwise appearing as ''Deiffenbach'' in 1323, as ''Diffenbach'' in 1333 and as ''Dieffenbach'' in 1412. In 1387, both centres, along with the whole ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Hohenöllen, passed to Count Friedrich II of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]], apparently by way of inheritance, for Friedrich's elder brother Heinrich also received certain properties, among them the Welthersbuch, the Busch and the Treppelswiese at Tiefenbach. Both villages seem to have been left out of the 1393 Veldenz letter of bestowal for this reason.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach |title=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's history |access-date=2012-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924160547/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach |archive-date=2011-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1444, the County of Veldenz met its end when Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] wed [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father's title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. The ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Einöllen, and along with it the villages of Oberweiler and Tiefenbach, now found themselves in this new state.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In the 16th and 17th centuries, both Oberweiler and Tiefenbach shared a history with the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'' of Einöllen within the County Palatine of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]], which later was usually called a duchy. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], both villages were utterly destroyed, were empty of people and had to be settled all over again. Two decades before the collapse of the old [[Feudalism|feudal]] order (1768), the ''Unteramt'' of Einöllen passed under the terms of the Treaty of [[Schwetzingen]], or Treaty of [[Seltz|Selz]]-[[Hagenbach]], to [[Electoral Palatinate]]. At the same time, this decision brought about a split from the Palatinate-Zweibrücken ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Meisenheim and the ''Unteramt'' was then grouped into the Electoral Palatinate ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Wolfstein, which itself belonged to the ''Oberamt'' of Kaiserslautern. It was at about this time that the two villages must have merged into one. The Electoral Palatinate geographer Goswin Widder described Oberweiler and Tiefenbach thus in 1788 (he wrongly refers to Tiefenbach as ''Tiefenthal''): “These two little villages make up only one municipality, and lie a quarter hour from each other, both on the river [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] downstream from [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]. Running westwards by both villages is the Lauter, which near Oberweiler drives one of the [[gristmill]]s answerable to the Electoral Court Chamber (''Kurfürstliche Hofkammer''). In ''Tiefenthal'' a toll is levied.”<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were annexed by France. With the new political arrangement and within the new boundaries, Oberweiler-Tiefenbach found itself in the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]) whose seat was at [[Mainz]]. After [[France|French]] rule, once Napoleon had been driven out of the country, the [[Congress of Vienna]] drew new boundaries yet again. After a transitional time, Oberweiler-Tiefenbach was grouped into the ''bayerischer Rheinkreis'', later known as ''Rheinpfalz'' (“Rhenish Palatinate”), an exclave of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] in 1816, where it lay within the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“mayoralty”) of Wolfstein, the Canton (later ''Distrikt'', until about the [[First World War]]) of Wolfstein and the ''Landcommissariat'' (today ''Landkreis'' or district) of Kusel. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) was quite popular in Oberweiler-Tiefenbach. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], 30.6% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, but by the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had grown to 48.6%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 87.6%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. In the course of administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] in 1968, Oberweiler-Tiefenbach became an ''Ortsgemeinde'' within the [[Wolfstein (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Wolfstein]] in 1972.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
The village was long characterized by [[agriculture]]. Even today, the municipal area is used for farming, though the number of farmers has become small. Oberweiler-Tiefenbach is thus a small residential community with employment opportunities in the local towns ([[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], [[Lauterecken]] and [[Kaiserslautern]]). The population figures over the last couple of centuries have held more or less steady. The drop in the earlier half of the 20th century can be ascribed to a problematic employment situation, and the rise after the [[Second World War]] may be ascribed to the village’s proximity to the Braun [[bandage]] factory in Wolfstein.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Oberweiler-Tiefenbach, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Oberweiler-Tiefenbach’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1788 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 2001 || 2005 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 229 || 308 || 347 || 334 || 333 || 271 || 285 || 312 || 301 || 309
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' || 39 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 17 ||   ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' || 269 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 268 ||   ||   ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s names===
Since the municipality has a “double-barrelled name”, there are actually two names to interpret. Oberweiler has a meaning that is perfectly comprehensible to a modern-day [[German language|German]] speaker (it would be expressed ''oberer Weiler'' today), namely “upper [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]”, and it was so named to distinguish it from a now vanished and forgotten “lower hamlet”. The ''Verbandsgemeinde'' website states that Oberweiler was for a time also called ''Unterweiler'' to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of [[Oberweiler im Tal]], making Oberweiler itself the “lower hamlet”, at least in name.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach |title=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's history |access-date=2012-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924160547/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach |archive-date=2011-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As early as 1290, a document, whose content is now known only from a copy, mentions the modern name Oberweiler. More exact data about just how long before its first documentary mention the hamlet was founded cannot be ascertained. The name Tiefenbach first crops up in an original document from 1316 as ''Dyffenbach''. The ending ''—bach'' (“brook”) refers to the Breitbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Municipality’s names]</ref>

==Religion==
From the 14th century onwards, the village of Tiefenbach was the seat of a parish, to which other villages on the Lauter's right bank also belonged, namely [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Stahlhausen, Roßbach]], Oberweiler, [[Hohenöllen]] and [[Einöllen]], among which Roßbach and Einöllen had their own [[church (building)|churches]]. In 1412, Count Friedrich III of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]] transferred the parish to the [[Knights Hospitaller]] in [[Meisenheim]]. In the time of the Counts Palatine (Dukes) of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]], the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was introduced, and by 1528, there was a [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] pastor. All the parish's worshippers thus [[Forced conversion|had to]] [[Religious conversion|convert]] to Lutheran beliefs, at least at first. Later, in 1588, they had to convert yet again, this time to [[Calvinism|Reformed]] (Calvinist) beliefs. After the [[Thirty Years' War]], other denominations were once again allowed, though the overwhelming majority in both Oberweiler and Tiefenbach remained Reformed, or after the 1818 [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Union, [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]. The church that now stands in Oberweiler-Tiefenbach dates from 1753.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360707300.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's mayor is Günter Schwambach, and his deputies are Annemarie Geib and Wilhelm Doll.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach |title=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's executive |access-date=2012-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924160547/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach |archive-date=2011-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''In Gold ein gesenkter blauer Wellenbalken, belegt mit einem linksgewendeten silbernen Fisch, daraus hervorwachsend ein schwarzes Mühlrad, beseitet von je einer roten Spindel.''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Or a fess abased wavy azure surmounted by a fish sinister argent and issuant from which a waterwheel spoked of four sable between in chief two spindles gules.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach |title=Description and explanation of Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's arms |access-date=2012-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924160547/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach |archive-date=2011-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s match those borne by Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's former lords, [[Electoral Palatinate]] and [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. The wavy fess (horizontal stripe) is meant to stand for the river [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]], which flows by both the municipality's centres, and the fish refers to the wealth of fish once found in it. The remaining [[charge (heraldry)|charge]], the spindles, are to be understood as a reference to the [[textile]] industry.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Description and explanation of Oberweiler-Tiefenbach’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* [[Protestantism|Protestant]] church, Kirchstraße 10 – [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] [[aisleless church]], marked 1753; [[Walcker Orgelbau|Walcker]] [[organ (music)|organ]] from 1893, clergyman’s gravestone from the 17th century; in the graveyard warriors’ memorial 1914-1918 and 1939-1945 from 1956, gravestones from 1862 to 1918
* Hauptstraße 1, 2, 3 – former Leppla mill estate; whole complex of buildings with no. 1 former oilmill, no. 3 gristmill, no. 2 across from the estate, bridge and weir facility; no. 3 four-sided complex with three-floor mill and dwelling wing, 1809, two-floor commercial building; no. 2 ''Quereinhaus'' (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), 1830; bridge across the Lauter, 1866, architect Johann Schmeisser, [[Kusel]]

===Regular events===
Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerwe'') is held each year on the third weekend in September. The customs observed locally are generally the same as those elsewhere in the region.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Currently, there are three clubs in Oberweiler-Tiefenbach: a mixed [[choir]], the ''Brunnenclub'' (“[[Water well|well]] club” or “[[fountain]] club”) and a [[nursing]] association.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Besides [[agriculture]], there were formerly also the customary craft occupations. The Oberweiler mill was likely built in the early 18th century. It had two [[waterwheel]]s for two grist runs and one husking run. The miller had taken it over into ''Erbbestand'' (a uniquely German landhold arrangement in which ownership rights and usage rights were separated; this is forbidden by law in modern Germany) and in 1745 had to pay the lordship in [[Zweibrücken]] 12 ''Malter'' of corn ([[wheat]] or [[rye]]) and 12 ''Malter'' of [[oat]]s. This high rental charge shows that even then, the mill was highly productive. It stayed in service until after the [[Second World War]]. The waterwheels are still preserved. The area's collieries and quarries, too, offered job opportunities. Today, the nearest big industrial concern is the Braun [[textile mill]] headquartered in [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]. In the village itself are a paving company, a building consultancy and a chimney restoration company. An [[inn]] ([[pizzeria]] and [[Restaurant|ristorante]]) can also still be found in Oberweiler-Tiefenbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
It is highly likely that there were already efforts as early as the 16th century to teach the village's children to [[Literacy|read and write]], since the Counts Palatine of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]] had introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] and it was in their interest to put children in a position to be able to read the [[Bible]] for themselves. As early as the time when Goswin Widder wrote his report (1788), a schoolhouse in Oberweiler-Tiefenbach was mentioned. About 1850, it was replaced with a more sophisticated building. A further schoolhouse was built after the [[Second World War]]. This later building housed classes of the school for children with [[Learning disability|learning difficulties]] for a decade after the local school was dissolved in 1968. Today, [[primary school]] pupils and [[Hauptschule]] students attend classes at their respective schools in [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]. [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] are to be found in [[Lauterecken]] and [[Kaiserslautern]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Running by the village, just across the river [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]], is ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270, which links [[Idar-Oberstein]] with [[Kaiserslautern]]. [[Lauterecken]] lies 7 km away, while to Kaiserslautern it is 24 km and to [[Kusel]] 38 km. The nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s are near Kaiserslautern and Kusel. At the Reckweilerhof, an outlying centre of [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], and in Wolfstein itself, are [[railway station]]s on the [[Lauter Valley Railway (Palatinate)|Lauter Valley Railway]] (''Lautertalbahn'').<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7567 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Famous people associated with the municipality===
Eugen Müller (b. 1880 in [[Gerhardsbrunn]]; d. 1955 in [[Ludwigshafen]]) — While a schoolteacher in Oberweiler-Tiefenbach, Müller dedicated himself to [[botany]], particularly research into the [[blackberry]] (leading to a nickname, “Brombeermüller”, from ''Brombeere'', the [[German language|German]] word for blackberry), and he was said to be one of the Palatinate's foremost experts in [[floristics]]. He is now buried at Oberweiler-Tiefenbach's graveyard.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110924160547/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/oberweiler-tiefenbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Oberweiler-Tiefenbach Oberweiler-Tiefenbach in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=5120292/o6pwvl/ Brief portrait of Oberweiler-Tiefenbach with film] at [[SWR Fernsehen]] (''Hierzuland'') {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Nußbach, Rhineland-Palatinate

2025-01-04T07:35:21Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Nussbach.gif → File:DEU Nußbach (Pfalz) COA.svg GIF → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|name = Nußbach
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Nußbach (Pfalz) COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49.62906|7.6957|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Nußbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 244
|area = 8.11
|postal_code = 67759
|area_code = 06364
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 069
|website = [http://www.nussbach-pfalz.de/ www.nussbach-pfalz.de]
|mayor = Ronald Schwarz<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
|party =
}}
'''Nußbach''' (or ''Nussbach'') is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Nußbach lies in the valley of the like-named brook, the Nußbach (“Nutbrook”), which empties into the Odenbach some two kilometres downstream from the village, in the [[North Palatine Uplands]]. It sits at an elevation of some 200 m above [[sea level]], although outlying elevations within municipal limits reach heights of almost 450 m above sea level (Galgenkopf 305 m, Flettersberg 366 m, Erlenberg 399 m, Anzenthaler Hüberl 420 m, Sohlberg 433 m, Roßberg 448 m). The road that runs by, ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 386, links the Odenbach valley with the Alsenz valley. The municipal area measures 811 ha, of which roughly 36 ha is settled and 105 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Nußbach borders in the north on the municipality of [[Waldgrehweiler]], in the northeast on the municipality of [[Bisterschied]], in the east on the municipality of [[Teschenmoschel]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Rathskirchen]], in the south on the municipality of [[Hefersweiler]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Reipoltskirchen]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]].

===Municipality’s layout===
Nußbach is a clump village lying on a broadening of the dale in the area of the so-called Dorfbach (“Village Brook”), which flows by from the Roßberg (“Steed Mountain”) and here empties into the Nußbach. The built-up area stretches almost exclusively along the Nußbach's right bank, and reaches its greatest concentration where Bachstraße, a road running alongside the Dorfbach, meets Hauptstraße (“Main Street”), which runs alongside the Nußbach. Within the village, a few architecturally noteworthy buildings are to be found. The interesting [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] village [[church (building)|church]] was built in the [[Art Nouveau]] style in 1911–1912 to plans by [[Nuremberg]] architect Dünnbier. Across the street stands a house built in the same style. Particularly worthy of mention is the ''Laubenhaus'' or ''Haus Wildanger'' at Bachstraße 2, built as a [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] house. Since March 2002, it has served as the local history museum, called the ''Alte-Welt-Museum''. Also held to be of special interest among buildings are farmhouses built as three-side estates (open at one side, bordered by buildings on the other three) or corner estates and a belltower at the former graveyard. Both the sporting ground and the new graveyard lie in the village's northwest. Nußbach is today said to be a “residential community with rural character and emergent [[tourism]]”.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
There have been no reports of any [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds within Nußbach's limits from the [[Stone Age]], the [[Bronze Age]] or the [[Iron Age]]. This is not to say that the area was not settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], however. In [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] times, there were certainly settlements in the area around what is now Nußbach. A [[Roman roads|Roman road]] led over the nearby Roßberg, on whose peak – albeit outside Nußbach's limits in the neighbouring municipality of [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]] – and near Gangloff (a constituent community of Becherbach), ''Viergöttersteine'' (“four-god stones”, pedestals on which a [[Jupiter Column]] was customarily stood) have been unearthed. These are now kept at the Historical Museum of the Palatinate (''Historisches Museum der Pfalz'') in [[Speyer]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
An exact time in history when Nußbach was founded cannot be reckoned with any exactitude. It is likely that the village arose in the [[Early Middle Ages]], perhaps in the 9th or 10th century. Nußbach originally lay in the [[Nahegau]] and thus later passed into the Rhinegraves’ and Raugraves’ ownership, making the village's history comparable to that experienced by other villages throughout the former ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Grumbach. Hence, Nußbach belonged as of 1140 to the [[Waldgrave|Waldgraviate]] and beginning in 1263 to the Lordship of Dhaun-Grumbach. In 1309, Nußbach had its first documentary mention. The Rhinegraves Georg and Konrad documented their parents’ bequest of a regular income from Nußbach to the Otterberg Monastery.<ref>[http://www.nussbach-pfalz.de/geschichte.html# Nußbach’s history]</ref> In 1443, Waldgrave Friedrich at Dun and Rhinegrave at the Stone (''Wildgraf Friedrich zu Dun und Rheingraf zum Stein'') pledged the villages around [[Grumbach]] and also the farther-flung villages of Nußbach and [[Bosenbach]] to [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan of Zweibrücken]] and his then still living father-in-law Count Friedrich III of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]]. This pledge was repeated in 1447, although this time by Rhinegrave Gottfried to Duke Stephan of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] (the same Stephan; Count Friedrich III by now had died). As part of the deal, Rhinegrave Gottfried reserved the right to by the territory back. It was Rhinegrave Johann zu Salm who actually exercised this option in 1477 when [[Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Duke Ludwig “the Black”]] resided at [[Zweibrücken]]. At this time, the provostry of Offenbach am Glan was endowed with rights in Nußbach. The monastery had to perform transport services for the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. This duty was abolished in 1536 against a payment of 13 ''Malter'' of grain, half corn ([[wheat]] or [[rye]]) and half [[oat]]s, to Duke [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Wolfgang of Zweibrücken]]. The village of Nußbach had to come up with this grain. The agreement was renewed in 1543. In 1553, Waldgrave and Rhinegrave Philipp Franz traded Nußbach, together with Schönau and half of [[Rathskirchen|Rudolphskirchen]] for [[Hochstetten-Dhaun|Hochstetten]] in the [[Alsenz (river)|Alsenz]] valley in the [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] county of Reipoltskirchen under the then Baron Johann II. Thereafter, Nußbach's history was tightly bound to the Imperial county's.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Middle Ages]</ref> This lordship belonged to the [[Upper Rhenish Circle]].<ref>[http://www.nussbach-pfalz.de/geschichte.html# Nußbach’s history]</ref>

===Modern times===
Baron Johann II, who had been [[Franz von Sickingen]]’s contemporary, died in 1568. In the time that followed, tight bonds were forged with other counties through marriage, particularly with [[Leiningen-Westerburg]] through Johann’s daughter-in-law Amalia’s second marriage. The Imperial county, and thereby Nußbach, too, became [[Calvinism|Reformed]]. Through all the changes that characterized the Imperial county’s history during the 17th and 18th centuries, Nußbach always remained with the “core” Imperial county with its centre of [[Reipoltskirchen]] and thereby shared the same history as the other villages of [[Rathskirchen]], [[Reichsthal]], [[Hefersweiler]], [[Relsberg]], [[Niederkirchen|Morbach]], [[Finkenbach-Gersweiler]], [[Schönborn, Donnersbergkreis|Schönborn]], [[Rockenhausen|Dörnbach]] and half of [[Rathskirchen|Rudolphskirchen]] until the lordship was dissolved in the course of the [[French Revolution]]. During this time, these villages were held wholly or partly by the following lordships: The County of [[Leiningen-Westerburg]], the Lordship of Löwenhaupt, the Barons of Hillesheim, the Lordship of Manderscheid-Kell and [[Electorate of the Palatinate|the Palatinate]] (through Karoline von Isenburg, [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Elector Karl-Theodor's]] natural daughter).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
In 1793, [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] first [[Military occupation|occupied]] the Imperial county, along with Nußbach. The lordly holdings were absorbed into the [[French First Republic]]’s national property. Nußbach thereby belonged between 1801 and 1814 to [[France]], administratively to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Becherbach, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Lauterecken, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). In the regional new order laid out after the time of [[France|French]] rule by the [[Congress of Vienna]], the village passed to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], for the Palatinate had become an [[exclave]] of that state. Within this ''bayerischer Rheinkreis'' (“Bavarian Rhine District”), Nußbach at first belonged to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Becherbach, but later became the seat of its own ''Bürgermeisterei'' in the Canton of Lauterecken and the ''Landkommissariat'' of Kusel. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) became quite popular in Nußbach. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], none of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, but by the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had grown to 8.8%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 39.7%. Hitler's success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. After the [[Second World War]], Nußbach was grouped into the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. In the course of administrative restructuring in 1968, the ''Bürgermeisterei'' was dissolved. Since 1972, Nußbach has belonged as an ''Ortsgemeinde'' to the [[Wolfstein (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Wolfstein]] in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
In earlier times, most of Nußbach's inhabitants earned their living at [[agriculture]]. Since then, however, there has been a great shift in the local economy, and the whole workforce is now employed in other occupations. Most of them must [[Commuting|commute]] elsewhere to their jobs, mainly to [[Kaiserslautern]], [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], [[Lauterecken]] and [[Meisenheim]]. Even in these earlier times, though, there were other ways to earn a livelihood. There were the crafts, and also the [[Mining|mines]] and [[Quarry|quarries]]. There were once also [[Jew]]s living in the village, who enhanced the craft businesses and trade. Since days of yore, Nußbach has had more inhabitants than the neighbouring former lordly seat of [[Reipoltskirchen]]. From the early 19th century onwards, Nußbach had between 500 and 600 inhabitants. Before the [[First World War]], great population growth set in, but this did not continue after the war. Whereas most of the Kusel district's villages saw their population levels fall after the [[Second World War]], even after [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|ethnic Germans driven out of Germany's former eastern territories]] had come to settle, in Nußbach, further population growth set in, fostered by the village's relative proximity to the regional hub, [[Kaiserslautern]].

The following table shows population development since [[Napoleon]]ic times for Nußbach, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Nußbach’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1802 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1998 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 353 || 525 || 546 || 599 || 709 || 582 || 672 || 747 || 619
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' || 93 || 131 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 160 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]''' || 252 || – ||   ||   ||   ||   || – ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Calvinism|Reformed]]''' || 49 || – ||   ||   ||   ||   || – ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' || – || 279 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 512 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Judaism|Jewish]]''' || 4 || 15 ||   ||   ||   ||   || – ||   ||  
|}
''NB:'' The 1818 Palatine Union saw the Lutheran and Reformed Churches unite into the Evangelical Church.

===Municipality’s name===
The name is made up of the first syllable, ''Nuß—'', which means “[[nut (fruit)|nut]]” (but originally “[[walnut]] tree”). To the word ''Nuß—'', the element ''—bach'' ([[German language|German]] for “brook”) was added, and the name might originally have been given a settlement that arose at a walnut tree. Older forms of the name are Nußbach (1309, in a 1360 copy) and ''Noßbach'' (1391).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Municipality’s name]</ref>

==Religion==
Much is unknown about Nußbach's [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] ecclesiastical organization. As early as the 14th century, a [[church (building)|church]] stood somewhere near the old graveyard that was consecrated to [[John the Apostle|Saint John]]. Still standing now at the old graveyard, which was used until 1901, is a belltower, but this dates from the early 19th century. It is likely that the villagers [[Forced conversion|had to]] [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] belief even before 1553, when Nußbach still belonged to the Waldgraviate-Rhinegraviate. In the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], the villages of [[Hefersweiler|Berzweiler]] and Nußbach, as well as the Ausbacherhof and the Naumburgerhof (estates) near [[Ginsweiler]], belonged to the Lutheran parish of Reipoltskirchen. Originally, the Lords of Reipoltskirchen promoted the [[Protestantism|Protestant]], but after the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] faith was able to reassert itself somewhat more strongly, and all the more so once the lordship itself chose to switch back to the old belief and even promote it. The church in [[Reipoltskirchen]], which had become Protestant in the 16th century, was yielded back to the Catholic faith about 1700, whereupon the Protestants belonged to the parish of Rathskirchen, after having been tended for a short time by the parish of Finkenbach. [[Franciscan]]s from [[Meisenheim]] held church services in Reipoltskirchen. In those days, physical fights sometimes broke out between Protestant and Catholic [[Christianity|Christians]]. Also belonging to the Lutheran parish of Rathskirchen, which was likely founded as early as the introduction of the Reformation in the 16th century, were from then onwards the Protestants from Nußbach. In 1821, the Protestant church authority had the ecclesiastical boundaries newly drawn. This grouped the Protestants in the municipalities of [[Reichsthal]], [[Seelen]], [[Rathskirchen|Rudolphskirchen]], Nußbach and Reipoltskirchen as well as the estates of Karlshof, Ingweilerhof, Bösodenbacherhof and Ausbacherhof into the parish of Rathskirchen. Essentially, this arrangement still stands today. Only the Ausbacherhof was split away and joined with Einöllen. In the early 19th century, one fourth of Nußbach's population once again clove to Catholic belief. Protestantism was represented foremost by the Lutheran faith, while only four villagers were [[Calvinism|Calvinists]]. In the Union of 1818, Lutherans and Calvinists were united. The church building that was still being used by the Protestants fell into disrepair and was torn down. [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] Christians then attended services in Rathskirchen, while the Catholic Christians now, as before, belonged to the parish of Reipoltskirchen. In 1911–1912, a new church building was built on Hauptstraße for the Protestant community. In 1912, the new church got an [[organ (music)|organ]] from the firm [[Walcker Orgelbau|Walcker]] in [[Ludwigsburg]]. A new church built in similar style was put up at about the same time in Rathskirchen. Today the Catholic Christians belong to the parish of Lauterecken.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360706900.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Nußbach's mayor is Ronald Schwarz.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''Von Rot und Grün durch einen silbernen Schräglinkswellenbalken geteilt, oben ein goldener Glockenturm, unten ein goldener Haselnusszweig mit zwei Haselnüssen und einem Blatt.''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: A bend sinister wavy argent between gules a belltower Or and vert a hazelnut twig fructed of two, foiled of one and slipped of the third.

The bend sinister wavy (diagonal wavy stripe) refers to the village's namesake brook, the Nußbach. The [[hazelnut]]s in the green field are [[Canting arms|canting]] for the village's name (''Nuß'' is [[German language|German]] for “nut”). The [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s vert and argent (green and silver) are the ones formerly borne by the Lords of Reipoltskirchen, who were the local lords of Nußbach before the [[French Revolution]]. The municipality's belltower served a political purpose from 1811 to 1914. The bells come from [[John the Apostle|Saint John]]’s [[Chapel]] (''Johanneskapelle''), which once stood at the old graveyard.

The arms have been borne since 29 March 1985 when they were approved by the ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.nussbach-pfalz.de/home.html Description and explanation of Nußbach’s arms]</ref>

===Town partnerships===
Nußbach fosters partnerships with the following places:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nussbach-pfalz.de/unsere_partnergemeinde.html |title=Nußbach’s partnership |access-date=2012-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807125134/http://www.nussbach-pfalz.de/unsere_partnergemeinde.html |archive-date=2012-08-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Lengefeld|Reifland]], [[Erzgebirgskreis]], [[Saxony]]
Since 1999, Reifland has been a constituent community (''[[Ortsteil]]'') of [[Lengefeld]].

===Struggle with neo-Nazis===
Early in 2002, Nußbach found itself beset by a great number of members of the [[National Democratic Party of Germany]] (NPD), a [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] organization.<ref>[http://www.fr-online.de/frankfurt/npd-demo--frankfurt-verbietet-neonazi-demo,1472798,22355752.html Article about Frankfurt forbidding an NPD demonstration], ''[[Frankfurter Rundschau]]''</ref> Several hundred of these neo-Nazis “invaded” the village, causing more than muted reaction. [[Petition]]s against the NPD's activities in Nußbach were set up by former mayor Rudi Zapp in local shops and were quickly filled with signatures. When the NPD announced only a week after their nighttime gathering that they would hold a demonstration on 24 February 2002, local residents decided to stage a counterdemonstration. While the neo-Nazis held their gathering at the former public house, several hundred citizens – their numbers were bolstered by demonstrators from other nearby villages – demonstrated against them, waving banners with messages such as “''Nußbach lässt sich nicht knacken''” (“Nußbach will not crack”).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Struggle with neo-Nazis]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* [[Protestantism|Protestant]] church, Hauptstraße 13 – picturesque group of buildings in [[Swiss chalet style]], 1911/1912, architect Dünnbier, [[Nuremberg]]; furnishings, [[Walcker Orgelbau|Walcker]] [[organ (music)|organ]] from 1912
* Bachstraße 2 – house with covered walk, [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] house, partly solid, with open [[loggia]], about 1700, stable-barn; characterizes village’s appearance
* Hauptstraße 12 – building with half-hipped roof, Swiss chalet style, 1913, architect Dünnbier, [[Kaiserslautern]]
* Hauptstraße 42 – corner estate; house, partly timber-frame, marked 1717
* Near Hohlstraße 4 – belltower, (in modern times) marked 1811

The timber-frame house at Bachstraße 2 is the one that now houses the local history museum.

===Regular events===
The [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) is held on the third weekend in August.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Cultural life is also characterized by a lively club life. Among the clubs are the ''Sportverein Nußbach 1931'' ([[sport club]]) with a clubhouse, the volunteer [[fire brigade]] promotional association and a local chapter of the [[German Red Cross]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Clubs]</ref>

===Museums===
Also found in Nußbach is the ''Alte-Welt-Museum'' (“Old World [[Museum]]”), which houses old craft exhibits and, among other things, an 18th-century [[loom]]. The dedication took place on 15 March 2002, and there was an “open house” the next day for all who were interested. The museum is housed in a newly renovated [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] house, the ''Haus Wildanger'' at Bachstraße 2. It has a “great gallery” that can be used as extra room for exhibitions. Planning for the museum began in 1996 in the course of a village renewal programme. [[Weaving]] is a traditional craft in Nußbach, with an address book from 1877 listing six [[linen]] weavers in the village. Exhibits show how [[flax]] is woven into finished linen. In a key exhibit at the museum, ladies’ historical costume from the 19th and 20th centuries is displayed. On show in the arcade are pictures of timber-frame houses in the district, both still standing and bygone.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Museums]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
While in earlier times [[agriculture]] was a main source of income, nowadays only 20% of the people in Nußbach earn their livelihoods by working the land. Other occupations that were available in bygone days were [[forestry]], [[mining]] and [[quarry]]ing. There were [[coal]] mines near [[Reipoltskirchen]], [[Hefersweiler]], [[Relsberg]], [[Adenbach]] and [[Rathskirchen]]. It is likely that workers from Nußbach were also employed in these places. In the village itself, there were also the customary craft occupations. Found in the village today are [[grocery]] shops, a clothing shop, a [[Pizza|pizzeria]] and a [[filling station]]. For a long time, there was a wildlife park near the village, but this has closed. There are plans to build a great leisure and conference centre where the old wildlife park lay, with a [[hotel]] complex, an adventure [[swimming pool]], a [[Equestrianism|riding sport]] centre, a [[Shopping mall|shopping centre]] and holiday houses. Such a complex could create many jobs for villagers and others from the local area. At this time, only a few people can actually pursue their profession within the village. Most seek work in the bigger towns in the broader area.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
Establishing a schooling system in such a small lordly domain was something that the Lords of Reipoltskirchen could not bring off without problems. Thus, for a time, the school was trusted to the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] through its ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Meisenheim. In [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] times, there were originally two [[school]]s in Nußbach, one [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and one [[Protestantism|Protestant]]. Mainly on financial grounds, the two schools were merged about 1875 and the resulting institution was run as a denominationally mixed school. It was split into two classes and thus employed two schoolteachers, one of each denomination. The first known schoolteacher at the Protestant school was Johannes Lehmann, born in 1809 in [[Relsberg]]. He was assistant teacher in 1829 before becoming full teacher in 1833. In 1834 he asked for his salary to be raised, but this was not approved, because the pastor was at odds with Lehmann over the schoolteacher's broad mindset. In 1841, Lehmann got himself into a dispute with the municipality over [[sheep]] [[grazing]]. The ongoing differences of opinion between Lehmann on the one hand and the pastor and the municipality on the other eventually led to neglect of the school and the teaching. In 1842, Lehmann's wife opened a [[general store]], which led to complaints to the school inspectorate. In 1856, the municipality bought a cropfield that was to be used by both schoolteachers for their own needs. In 1871, the school administrator Heyl was sent to be Lehmann's assistant, but Heyl soon found himself doing all the teaching when Lehmann retired. In 1874, the teaching post was once again vacant, and schoolteachers Karl Keller, who had been working in [[Sitters, Germany|Sitters]], and Jakob Brosius, from [[Feilbingert]], taught temporarily. The first known Catholic schoolteacher was Friedrich Groß from [[Würzweiler]], born in 1821, who received a yearly salary of 175 [[Rhenish guilder]]s, which was raised by 25 guilders from the district school fund. A report about him in 1853 said that he was hardworking, regularly attended church, received the [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church|Sacraments]] and also held [[Sunday school]]. In 1887, Groß, at the age of 66, took “early” retirement owing to illness. The other schoolteachers all taught at the merged, denominationally mixed school, where Protestant schoolchildren were the majority (1874: 15 Catholic, 17 Protestant). For the most part, the Catholic schoolteacher taught the lower class while the Protestant schoolteacher taught the upper class. Schoolteachers in the time that followed were Xaver Knörr, Christian Zimmer, Eduard Biermeier, Karl Baum, Andreas Streets, Pius Heiß, Adolf Braun, Karl Karsch, Ludwig Liebel, Josef Laux, Jakob Schild and Otto Anthes. Knörr came in 1884 from Wasserzell. He was sick with [[emphysema]] and bronchial [[catarrh]] and forthwith sought retirement. The request was temporarily granted in 1884, becoming permanent by 1896. Biermeier had very good marks at teacher's college. In 1889, he wed a [[surgeon]]’s daughter, Maria Barnstein from [[Laberweinting|Asbach]] in [[Lower Bavaria]]. Baum came from [[Münchweiler an der Alsenz]]. Heiß was from [[Middle Franconia]] and had taught in [[Contwig]] before being transferred to Nußbach. In 1919, he went to the school in [[Ginsweiler]]. Braun came from [[Rammelsbach]] in 1904, marrying Albertine Reinhardt from [[Hornbach, Germany|Hornbach]] in 1906. Beginning in 1889, a change began with Baum. Many Catholic schoolchildren saw fit to attend the Catholic school in nearby [[Reipoltskirchen]], where Josef Laux was transferred in 1907. The first woman to teach school in Nußbach was Hedwig Betzler, who came to the village after the [[First World War]]. Nowadays, [[primary school]] pupils and [[Hauptschule]] students attend their respective schools in [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Education]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
Aloys Schirmer (b. 4 December 1911; d. 7 October 1981 in [[Landau]]) — After his [[Abitur]] at the episcopal [[boarding school]] in 1932, Schirmer studied [[theology]] in [[Innsbruck]] and [[Vienna]]. In 1937, he was [[Ordination|ordained]] a priest. He was assistant at the Maria Rosenberg [[seminary]] and prefect at the girls’ [[orphanage]]. After [[Second World War|wartime]] service and [[Prisoner of war|imprisonment]], he became assistant priest in [[Ruppertsberg]], and as of 1950 [[docent]] at the [[Landau]] Paedagogical Academy. He was pastor in [[Hauenstein]] in 1957, and in [[Göcklingen]] in 1964. About this latter municipality he wrote an extensive local history, and he also became an honorary citizen there.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7442 Famous people]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Nußbach (Pfalz)}}
* [http://www.nussbach-pfalz.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}
* [https://archive.today/20130212211141/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/nussbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Nu%C3%9Fbach Nußbach in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nussbach, Rhineland-Palatinate}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Nerzweiler

2025-01-03T03:33:26Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-nerzweiler.jpg → File:DEU Nerzweiler COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Nerzweiler COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|36|16|N|7|33|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Nerzweiler in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 180
|area = 2.13
|postal_code = 67749
|area_code = 06304
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 065
|website = [http://www.nerzweiler.de/ www.nerzweiler.de]
|mayor = Michael Hildebrand<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Nerzweiler''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Nerzweiler is nestled in the ''Eßweiler Tal'' (dale) in the [[North Palatine Uplands]] between [[Hinzweiler]] and [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] at an elevation of roughly 190 m above [[sea level]]. The elevations on either side of the dale reach some 300 m above sea level (Auf der Platte 310 m, Stiehlberg 280 m). The municipal area measures 213 ha, of which roughly 10 ha is settled.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Nerzweiler borders in the north on the municipality of [[Offenbach-Hundheim]], in the east on the municipality of [[Aschbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Aschbach]], in the south on the municipality of [[Hinzweiler]] and in the west on the municipality of [[Glanbrücken]].

===Municipality’s layout===
Nerzweiler is a loosely settled clump village on the road running through the ''Eßweiler Tal'' (''[[Landesstraße]]'' 372). In the village core, the village's sidestreets cross the main street, and also here, settlement is a bit heavier. The graveyard lies to the northwest, outside the village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Given the many [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds in the broader Nerzweiler area, it can be assumed that people likewise inhabited the area right around what is now Nerzweiler during the [[Bronze Age]] and the [[Iron Age]], and perhaps even as early as the [[New Stone Age]]. There were people here during [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, too. In state scrivener and geometer Johannes Hofmann's 1595 description of the ''Eßweiler Tal'', he wrote: “Likewise one also finds a walled sign near [[Hinzweiler|''Hintzweiler'']] and Nerzweiler in the fields down below at the ''Gutleuthaus'' (literally “good people’s house”, but actually a house for [[Leprosy|lepers]]) on the road. There, too, such stones, coins and quite solid pieces of [[limestone]], like one fashioned into a table, have been found in the earth.” He was writing about finds from Roman times, such as many that were found throughout the dale. The [[Glanbrücken|Hachenbach]] chronicler, Ludwig Mahler, also speaks of Roman finds between Nerzweiler and [[Aschbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Aschbach]]. He said the foundations of a Roman bath with six rooms were unearthed in 1827.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
To a great extent, Nerzweiler shares the same history as all the villages in the ''Eßweiler Tal'', which in many respects, form a unit. Besides Nerzweiler itself, these villages were originally [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Hundheim]] (Neuenglan), [[Glanbrücken|Hachenbach]], [[Hinzweiler]], [[Aschbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Aschbach]], [[Horschbach]], [[Oberweiler im Tal]], [[Elzweiler]], [[Eßweiler]] and the now vanished villages of Letzweiler, Niederaschbach, Nörweiler, Mittelhofen, Zeizelbach, Füllhof, Neideck and Lanzweiler. According to historians’ assumptions, these villages lay in the Free [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''Reichsland'') around the king's [[castle]] in Lautern ([[Kaiserslautern]]), and sometime before the 9th century, they were given over into [[Prüm Abbey]]’s ownership. This area’s ecclesiastical hub was at first the ancient church at Hirsau, the ''Hirsauer Kirche'' near Hundheim. The village of Hundheim then still bore the name ''Glena'' or ''Glan'', perhaps even ''Neuenglan'' (''Niuwen Glena''), contrasting with [[Altenglan]] (''Gleni'') – ''neu'' and ''alt'' are [[German language|German]] for “new” and “old” respectively. This ''Glena'' became seat of a ''Hund''. Despite this word's modern German meaning (“dog”), this was a secular administrator for 14 [[Feudalism|feudal]] lords who held the right to share the [[tithe]]s from the whole dale among themselves. The lords in question were the ''Junker'' Mühlenstein von Grumbach as the Rhinegraves’ [[vassal]], the [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]], Offenbach Abbey, Remigiusberg Abbey, [[Tholey Abbey]], Enkenbach Abbey, the [[Knights Hospitaller]] [[commandry (feudalism)|commandry]] at Sulzbach, the Church of [[Zweibrücken]], the Church of [[Sankt Julian]], the Church of Hinzweiler (formerly Hirsau), the ''Stangenjunker'' of Lauterecken, the House of Blick von Lichtenberg, the Lords of Mauchenheim and the Lords of Mickelheim. Obviously, each fiefholder held a different administrative seat. The [[Waldgrave]]s and Rhinegraves, as holders of [[Blood court|high jurisdiction]], resided above the Lords of Mühlenstein (later Cratz von Scharfenstein) near the ''Hirsauer Kirche'' and at the Springeburg (or Sprengelburg; the ruin still stands today between Eßweiler and [[Oberweiler im Tal]]). The [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], as feudal lords over the dale's “poor people” (as of 1444, this was instead the Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken) chose as their seat the village of Nerzweiler, which between 1350 and 1451 was always named in documents as the seat of the Nerzweiler ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]''. Michael Frey claims in his description of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] Rhine District (bayerischer Rheinkreis) that the Counts of Veldenz had already been enfeoffed with the ''Amt'' of Nerzweiler by 1130, and thus right after the county had been founded. Frey, however, does not name a source, and his claim is thus unproven. According to a 1350 document, in which Nerzweiler had its first documentary mention, a lesser nobleman Endris genannt (“called”) Müller von Grumbach made it clear that Count Heinrich II of Veldenz had hired him as ''[[Burgmann]]'' for his Castle Lauterecken. Endris, however, could not actually live at the castle owing to a lack of room. Hence, he could only even show up at the castle whenever he was issued a special invitation. He was accorded remuneration of six pounds in [[Heller (money)|Heller]] each year, which he had to claim yearly at the ''[[Amtmann]]’s'' office at ''Nertzwilre''. In a 1377 document, a man called Henne Weber is named – or Hans – who worked at the weaver’s craft (indeed, his surname is German for “weaver”). This Henne Weber from ''Nertzwilre'' was one of 40 bondsmen for Gerhard von Lauterecken, his wife Gertrud and Henne Heinzmann’s sons. Gerhard von Lauterecken had pledged allegiance to Count Heinrich II of Veldenz and declared himself ready to pay one thousand Mainz ''Gulden'' should he fail to keep his word. In five further documents from Count of Veldenz Friedrich III’s time, the issuers make reference to the state of affairs between the [[County of Veldenz]] and [[Electoral Palatinate]]. Specifically, a significant part of the County of Veldenz was made up of Electoral Palatinate [[fief]]s; that is to say, these areas originally belonged to the Electors Palatine, but they enfeoffed the Counts of Veldenz with these holdings, to be kept as hereditary holdings. The fiefs in question were the town of [[Kusel]], the Michelsburg ([[castle]]) on the Remigiusberg, Castle Pettersheim, the whole ''Remigiusland'' and also the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Ämter]]'' of Bosenbach and Nerzweiler. In the 1387, 1398, 1437 and 1443 documents, Count Friedrich III acknowledged receipt of these holdings from Electoral Palatinate. In a 1393 document, though, [[Rupert, King of Germany|Ruprecht of Electoral Palatinate]] (as of 1398 Elector Palatine, and as of 1400 [[King of the Romans|German King]]) granted Count Friedrich leave to grant his wife Margarethe of [[Nassau-Saarbrücken]] the ''Amt'' of Nerzweiler (and also the ''Amt'' of ''Bassenbach'' or Bosenbach) as a [[Wittum|widow’s estate]], meaning that, should the Countess outlive her husband, she could draw an income as a widow from these two ''Ämter''. In 1444, the County of Veldenz met its end when Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] wed King Ruprecht’s son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father’s title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. Even before 1444 had ended, Stephan shared the new County Palatine out between his sons Friedrich and Ludwig. In 1446, the former Veldenz territory was confirmed for the two brothers by the new Elector Palatine, [[Louis IV, Elector Palatine|Ludwig]]. Cropping up in this confirmation document, issued on 27 July 1446 in [[Alzey]], for the very last time is a reference to the ''Amt'' of Nerzweiler. It is not known when, but sometime thereafter, the ''Amt'' seat was moved to [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Hundheim]], and then the entity was always called in documents the ''Hundheimer Pflege'' (''Pflege'' literally means “care”, but it was actually a local geopolitical unit). Dependence on a great number of lords in the dale afforded greater freedom than in other areas where united power and governing relationships prevailed. Legal matters within the ''Eßweiler Tal'' were governed by a whole range of ''Weistümer'' (singular: ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times), which were already in force in the Middle Ages, although they were not actually set down in writing until the early 16th century. These documents are still preserved, and are said today to be prime examples of mediaeval jurisprudence. One deals with the court and borders, one is a ''Kanzelweistum'' (promulgated at church; ''Kanzel'' is German for “[[pulpit]]”), one is a ''Huberweistum'' (''Huber'' were farmers who worked a whole ''Hube'', which roughly corresponds to an “[[oxgang]]”), and one was a municipal ''Weistum'' (''Gemeindeweistum'').<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1537, the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was introduced into the ''Eßweiler Tal''. In the course of the 16th century, the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]] raged, and the villages were emptied of people. In Nerzweiler itself by 1575 were only ten people. With regard to the ruling class, this brought about a shift in power in 1595 as the high jurisdiction, hitherto held for some 250 years by the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves, was transferred to the [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Dukes of Zweibrücken]]. In return, [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Johannes I of Zweibrücken]] transferred the village of Kirchenbollenbach near [[Idar-Oberstein]] (nowadays a ''[[Ortsteil|Stadtteil]]'' of that town) to the Rhinegraves. Lordship over the blood court thereby ended up in new hands, while the other lords named still otherwise held their tithing rights in the various villages. In 1614, [[John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Duke Johannes II of Zweibrücken]] traded his [[Serfdom|serfs]] in [[Teschenmoschel]] for some in the ''Eßweiler Tal'' belonging to Baron Johann Gottfried von Sickingen in [[Schallodenbach]]. Nerzweiler also suffered in the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Details are, however, unavailable. Another fundamental shift in the power structure came in 1755, when [[Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Duke Christian IV]] transferred Offenbach Abbey with the villages of [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Hundheim]], Nerzweiler, [[Hinzweiler]], [[Oberweiler im Tal|Oberweiler]], [[Aschbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Oberaschbach]] and Niederaschbach (now vanished) and also the ''Hirsauer Kirche'' to the Rhinegraves of Grumbach, who until 1595 had exercised high jurisdiction in these villages. Nerzweiler thereafter remained in the Rhinegraviate until the collapse of the old [[Feudalism|feudal]] order in the course of the [[French Revolution]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of the French Revolution and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were [[Annexation|annexed]] by [[France]]. The French thereby swept away all borders that had hitherto existed and established their own administrative entities. Roughly, the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] formed the boundary between the [[Departments of France|Departments]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]] and [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). Nerzweiler passed together with the villages of [[Aschbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Aschbach]], [[Hinzweiler]], [[Glanbrücken|Hachenbach]] and [[Sankt Julian|Gumbsweiler]] to the newly founded ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Hundheim, which itself belonged to the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Lauterecken and the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern. After the victory over Napoleon, the [[Congress of Vienna]] awarded a territory on the Rhine to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], the ''Baierischer Rheinkreis'' (“Bavarian Rhine District”), later known as the ''Bayerische Rheinpfalz'' (“Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate”). Nerzweiler now belonged within this territory to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Hundheim in the Canton of Lauterecken and the ''Landkommissariat'' (later ''Bezirksamt'', and later still ''Landkreis'' or District) of Kusel. Only in the time between 1880 and 1892 was Nerzweiler the ''Bürgermeisterei'' seat. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) became quite popular in Nerzweiler. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], 3.0% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, but by the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had grown to 65.2%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 98.1%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. Further changes in administrative structures came about not only through the Third Reich but also after the [[Second World War]]. The Palatinate was grouped into the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], which itself undertook administrative restructuring in 1968. Thus, since 1 January 1972, Nerzweiler has belonged within the Kusel district to the [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
Nerzweiler was throughout the [[Middle Ages]] a small village, whose very existence was often threatened by such things as [[Plague (disease)|Plague]] and war. People earned their livelihoods mainly at farming. The naming of a wealthy weaver named Hans in the 1377 document can be taken as a clue that as early as the Middle Ages, weaving was a distinct craft. In 1477, two persons liable to pay the ''Maibede'' were named. In 1559, the following names are known from Nerzweiler: Daniel Jung, Hans Poth, Daniel Beller, Hans Lay, Bastian Krill and Jakob Anthes. Even before the [[Thirty Years' War]], the village was heavily depopulated by the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]]. From the 17th century onwards, some villagers sought a living in the ore mines at the Königsberg. In the area near Hinzweiler was a [[limestone]] pit, which employed a few people. Near Nerzweiler itself were collieries on both sides of the dale, where men from the village sometimes also found work. In a 1743 statistical publication, all 14 fathers heading households were said to be free subjects. Five villagers worked at craft occupations besides working the land. There were one [[linen]] [[Weaving|weaver]], one [[miller]], one [[tailor]], one [[Tanning (leather)|tanner]] and one [[Shoemaking|shoemaker]]. Essentially, this occupational structure remained in place well into the 20th century. From the late 19th century until [[Weimar Republic|Weimar times]], some ''Wandermusikanten'' (travelling musicians; see the [[Hinzweiler#Musikanten|'''Hinzweiler''']] article for more about them) may have travelled the world. Since that time, the traditional craft businesses have disappeared utterly. Most villagers must now seek livelihoods elsewhere. The village's population peaked about 1870. Today, there are fewer people living in Nerzweiler than there were 200 years ago.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Nerzweiler:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Nerzweiler’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1510 || 1743 || 1825 || 1827 || 1835 || 1850 || 1885 || 1905 || 1939 || 1962 || 1986 || 2001 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 10* || 70 || 150 || 143 || 202 || 219 || 184 || 189 || 180 || 189 || 170 || 145 || 121
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>This figure is the number of families.

===Municipality’s name===
Citing Johannes Hofmann once again, Nerzweiler supposedly has its name from a man named Narriseus, whom Hofmann held to be the village's founder, and thus the original name was ''Narriseusweiler''. The village's name, Nerzweiler, indeed has the common [[German language|German]] placename ending ''—weiler'', which as a standalone word means “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]” (originally “homestead”), to which is prefixed a syllable ''Nerz—'', but modern placename researchers do not all share Hofmann's interpretation of this prefix (although the ending's origin is indisputable). Researchers Dolch and Greule, for instance, believe it to have arisen from the personal name ''Nerizo'', suggesting that an early settler named Nerizo founded the village. It cannot be said, however, just when the villages in the ''Eßweiler Tal'' with names ending in ''—weiler'' were founded. The time period in question is quite a long one, from the 8th century to the 12th. Nerzweiler had its first documentary mention in 1350, whereas the dale's other villages were all mentioned nearly a century earlier. These villages’ foundings might arguably be held to have taken place some 300 years before their first documentary mentions. In the document that first mentions Nerzweiler, its name is rendered ''Nertzwilre''. Later forms of the village's name are: ''Nerzewilre'' (14th century), ''Nerzwilr'' (1443) and Nerzweiler (1575).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
Johannes Hofmann's 1595 description of the ''Eßweiler Tal'' also yields the following: “In the Nerzweiler domain, up at the end of the Rendbach dell, in former times the Mühlstein Junkers had a livestock farm, called Heinzenmauren”. Also mentioned was a house for [[Leprosy|lepers]] that stood on the road between Nerzweiler and Hinzweiler. Information about any actual former villages within Nerzweiler's current limits, however, is unavailable.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
The old ''Hirsauer Kirche'' was originally the spiritual hub for all villages in the ''Eßweiler Tal''. When it was that a church was first built in Hirsau (not to be confused with [[Hirsau]] in [[Baden-Württemberg]]) cannot be determined today. It can be assumed nonetheless that there had been an earlier church standing at the same spot centuries before the one that still stands now was built (about 1100); it may have been wooden. Churchgoers came from throughout the dale to attend services, all [[wedding]]s were held there, and so were all [[funeral]]s and burials. It was also the [[Thing (assembly)|thingstead]], and on certain days, [[Market (place)|market]] was held there, too. Hirsau lost this central role when in 1451 the church in Hinzweiler was built, although originally this only functioned as a [[chapel of ease]] to Hirsau's parish church. This actually brought about competition between the two churches in the time that followed for the function of parish church. As early as 1526, the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] into the church of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Meisenheim, replacing [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] belief with [[Martin Luther]]’s teachings so that bit by bit, church services in the ''Eßweiler Tal'', too, began to be conducted in accordance with the Reformation. The Offenbach Monastery, to which the Hinzweiler church was subject, at first opposed Reformist efforts. In 1555, though, the Rhinegraves of Grumbach, too, introduced the Reformation, and in 1588, the Offenbach Monastery was dissolved. In 1562, [[Eßweiler]] got its own graveyard. After the Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken had become absolute fiefholders over the ''Eßweiler Tal'' in 1795, worshippers then [[Forced conversion|had to]] [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Calvinism]] in line with developments in the County Palatine. Beginning in 1601, Hinzweiler became the temporary parish seat, but already by 1610, it once again had to yield this function to Hirsau, only to get it back after the [[Thirty Years' War]]. This structure remains in place to this day. In earlier days, Nerzweiler's inhabitants were mainly [[Calvinism|Reformed]], according to [[John Calvin]]’s teachings. As minorities, there were [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]], who in 1818 merged with the Calvinists. [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Christianity|Christians]] were not found in Nerzweiler until the early 19th century, and even thereafter, only sporadically. In 1743, out of 14 households, only two belonged to the Lutheran faith, while none belonged to either the Catholic or the [[Judaism|Jewish]] faith. In 1825, only [[Protestantism|Protestants]] lived in the village, that is, former Calvinists and Lutherans after the 1818 Protestant Union. In 1961, among the 180 inhabitants was one Catholic.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360406500.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Nerzweiler’s mayor is Michael Hildebrand.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality’s [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per fess Or a demilion gules armed and langued azure and vert a cuckoo argent.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] in the upper field is the lion once borne as an heraldic device by the Rhinegraves of Grumbach, who held the area until 1793. The charge in the lower field is a [[Common cuckoo|cuckoo]], which here symbolizes a nickname used for the villagers, “''Kuckuck''” (“Cuckoo” in [[German language|German]]).

The arms have been borne since 5 September 1985.<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Nerzweiler Description and explanation of Nerzweiler’s arms]</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Description and explanation of Nerzweiler’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Regular events===
Nerzweiler holds its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) on the third weekend in August. In 2000, the ''Ortsgemeinde'' staged a village festival in connection with the 650-year jubilee of its first documentary mention, with an exhibition of old pictures from local history, which found great favour among the public. Other old customs are hardly kept at all.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Clubs are not very strongly represented in this small village, but Nerzweiler does have a singing club, a country youth group and a promotional association for the [[fire brigade]] and the municipality.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Nerzweiler was formerly purely a farming village. A livestock headcount in 1928 yielded figures of 27 [[horse]]s, 208 head of [[cattle]], 79 [[pig]]s, 22 [[goat]]s, 547 [[chicken]]s and 10 [[bee]] colonies. In earlier times, both a [[mill (grinding)|mill]] and a small [[Tanning (leather)|tannery]] stood on the brook. According to a 1744 report, the mill had two [[waterwheel]]s and two sets of [[millstone]]s. Peter Hornbacher was at that time the ''Erbbeständer'' (holder of the ''Erbbestand'', a uniquely German landhold arrangement in which ownership rights and usage rights were separated; this is forbidden by law in modern Germany). There were also collieries during the 18th century with some 5 or 6 galleries in the “Wernesacker”, “in der Hölle” and “im Bächel” districts. Newer pits were worked between 1821 and 1869. The workforce of 12 men in the beginning, though, shrank over time to six. In the long run, 12 964 t of coal were mined each year.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
Schooling experienced a general upswing beginning in the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]. However, an end would have been put to it no later than the [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618-1648). About the Nerzweiler school's beginnings, little is known. It is likely that there was a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare) in the 18th century. School documents in the [[Speyer]] State Archive tell the reader that in 1845, a prospective schoolteacher named Wilhelm Hahn was teaching school lessons at a private dwelling. Hahn was soon asked to find a new job, since he was to be replaced by a schoolteacher who held a diploma. This successor at the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] school was Heinrich Engel, born in 1824 in [[Einöllen]], and he was named the regular teacher in 1856. Because the municipality's finances were never very strong, there were time and again disputes between the municipality and Engel, and later his successors, over wages and municipal benefits. In 1862, Engel demanded 650 [[Rhenish guilder]]s that the municipality had not paid him during his time in service. The number of pupils throughout that time was more than fifty in seven grade levels, from a population of somewhat more than 200 (1850/1851: 53; 1851/1852: 56). The municipality had a new schoolhouse built in 1870, and at the same time, it laid out its own graveyard. Because of the financial hardship brought about by this, it also sold the municipal woodland to the municipality of [[Aschbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Aschbach]]. It is said that this is why Nerzweiler villagers were given the nickname “''Kuckuck''” (“Cuckoo”, although in [[German language|German]], it seems that this word does not bear the same connotation of madness as in [[English language|English]]). Heinrich Engel was in the beginning quite assiduous about his duties, but over time, carelessness and neglect began to show up in his work, perhaps brought about by his meagre wages. In 1877, he had to be pensioned off early after becoming sick. His successor was Jacob Förster from [[Hinterweidenthal]]. About him, too, there were soon complaints, and in 1879 he was transferred to [[Blaubach]]. Several administrators over the following two years led classes, until Peter Lang was hired in 1881. Lang, who was born in 1848, was actually from Nerzweiler itself. In 1896, he also took on the office of [[Human computer|computer]] at the Hundheim-Nerzweiler [[credit union]], but he, likewise, had to seek early retirement owing to illness in 1897. Then, the teaching post was filled many times over by teachers who only stayed a short time, until from 1912 to 1923 Rudolf Brügel taught. He was transferred to [[Hütschenhausen]] in 1923. The village's last schoolteacher was Armin Hübner. In 1967, the school in Nerzweiler was dissolved. Schoolchildren at first had to go to the central school in [[Sankt Julian]], but then later to the [[primary school]]-[[Hauptschule]] in [[Offenbach-Hundheim]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Nerzweiler lies on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 273, which links [[Rothselberg]] with [[Offenbach-Hundheim]]. South of the village, ''Landesstraße'' 368 branches off ''Landesstraße'' 273, leading eastwards to the [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] valley. ''Landesstraße'' 368 leads from neighbouring [[Hinzweiler]] by way of [[Horschbach]] and [[Welchweiler]] to [[Altenglan]]. The [[Kusel]] and [[Kaiserslautern]] [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s lie respectively 20 and 30 km away. To the north runs ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420. The nearest [[railway station]]s are the ones in [[Lauterecken]] 6 km away, and [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]] 8 km away, both on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=8982 Transport]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.nerzweiler.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Medard

2025-01-02T04:11:10Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen Medard.png → File:DEU Medard COA.svg PNG → SVG

{{about||the Roman Catholic and Orthodox saint|Medardus|the artificial lake in the Czech Republic|Medard (lake)}}
{{Infobox German location
|name = Medard
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Medard COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|40|5|N|7|36|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Medard in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 270
|area = 5.99
|postal_code = 67744
|area_code = 06382
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 061
|website =
|mayor = Albert Graf<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Medard''' ({{IPA|de|ˈmeːdaʀt}}) is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies on the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] at an elevation of some 160 m above [[sea level]], mainly on the river's left bank for a stretch of about a kilometre towards the northeast. The elevations around the village reach heights of roughly 300 m above sea level (Ohlbachskopf 316 m, Marialskopf 290 m). The municipal area measures 599 ha, of which roughly 25 ha is settled and 138 ha is wooded. The village is surrounded by slopes with meadow orchards. From Medard, outings for hikers and canoeists are possible.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Medard borders in the north on the municipality of [[Breitenheim]], in the east on the municipality of [[Odenbach]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]], in the southwest and west on the town of [[Lauterecken]], in the west on an [[exclave]] belonging to the municipality of [[Grumbach]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Kappeln, Rhineland-Palatinate|Kappeln]].

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Medard is the outlying homestead of Bärenhof.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Constituent communities]</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
Most of Medard's houses are found standing either side of the through road, ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420, branching off which are smaller sidestreets. The most important of these branching off to the south are a street leading to the former [[railway station]] and another leading to the former [[mill (grinding)|mill]]. In the area around the mill, nowadays known as ''Medardusquelle'' (“Saint [[Medardus]]’s [[Spring (hydrology)|Spring]]”), a bridge crosses the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]], which leads to the few houses that stand on the river's right bank, and also to the sporting ground and to lands used for [[agriculture]] and [[forestry]]. Here on the right bank, two [[Lime kiln#Shaft kilns|shaft kilns]] for making [[Calcium oxide|quicklime]], in operation between 1820 and 1900, are preserved. The pretty old village [[church (building)|church]] in the middle of the graveyard, the former [[school]] and the former [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[Archaeology|archaeological]] dig sites lie at the ends of the sidestreets that branch off the through road to the north. Here, too, a great new building zone spreads out. A very old [[gym]]nasium stands on the through road. Houses in the village core are as a rule simple houses, but there are also ''Einfirstbauernhäuser'' (farmhouses with single roof ridges), which are typical of the Westrich, an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and [[France]]. The [[inn]] and [[hotel]] of the Bärenhof stands at the side of the road leading to [[Odenbach]] and [[Meisenheim]] left of ''Bundesstraße'' 420. Once found in this area was a [[knacker]]’s yard. Medard was once also noted for its great number of houses with [[crow-stepped gable]]s, of which nowadays only a single example is preserved; it stands on Mühlenstraße.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
The municipality of Medard has yielded a wealth of [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds from [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times. The Marialskopf in the southeast was in the time when the area was settled by the [[Celts]] ringed by walls and palisades, a refuge castle. The remnants of this settlement within the ringwall can still clearly be seen. In 1973 and 1983, archaeological digs unearthed and secured potsherds from vessels made by the Hunsrück-Eifel Culture. Significant was the recovery of a silver coin struck in [[Pannonia (Roman province)|Pannonia]], a quarter-[[stater]] with [[Zeus]]’s head on the obverse and an image of a rider on the reverse. Splinters and shards of old ceramic vessels are still to be found on those lands today. It is likely that the Celtic settlement remained once the [[Gallic Wars|Romans had conquered Gaul]]. Near Medard’s [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] church, foundations from a settlement built in [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] times were discovered in 1973. It turned out to be a [[villa rustica]] from the turn of the 4th century AD. In 1979, 1980 and 1984, under Diethelm Malitius’s leadership, some outbuildings were also partly unearthed. The archaeologists also discovered fragments of sculptures, one showing a female figure, grapevine shoots and a [[Cornucopia|horn of plenty]] full of fruits. In the Middle Ages, it is likely that many stone [[relief]]s still lay all around in the ground, perhaps explaining the [[spolia]] from Roman times that can still be seen in the church walls today, showing such things as grapes and another female figure. Taken out of the church’s walling were the fragments of a relief that shows [[Medea]] on a wain drawn by snakes. Of Medea’s children, whom she killed out of jealousy, only the lower part of a boy’s body can still be seen. The image’s background shows her unfaithful husband, [[Jason]]. The relief was supposedly once part of a grave monument. During renovation work on the church, three [[sandstone]] blocks from Roman times were discovered near the portal in 1988, of which one was originally used as an ossuary (repository for bone ash). One side of this stone bears a well-preserved inscription that reads “[''D M'' (for ''Dis Manibus'')] ... ''us Ammosus et Amandia Mandina Conjux Regulo filio ''[''su'']''orum et suo vivi fecer''[''unt'']”, or in [[English language|English]], “...us Ammosus and his wife Amandia Mandina set [this grave monument] to their son Regulus and themselves to their lifetime.” The digs at the Roman settlement site resumed very extensively in 1995 and 1996 under Wolfgang Heinzelmann’s leadership on assignment from the ''Alt-Medard'' (“Old Medard”) Promotional Association and the State Office for Monument Care. This work fully brought to light the former Roman settlement's main house, the atrium house, together with other structures built up around it and the villa's girding wall. It was apparently a great, certainly two-floor building with corner [[Avant-corps|risalti]] at the front, of which one could be heated by a [[hypocaust]] facility. The house's footprint measured 30 m in length and 20 m in breadth. The archaeologists found a column fragment, remnants of flooring and plastering in Pompeian red. A bathing facility was only partially unearthed, but a drainage ditch was fully dug up, revealing a further series of single finds. All together, three different building periods were identified. It is presumed that this great villa rustica with its many outbuildings covered an area of some 3 ha. It may therefore be that this Roman estate unearthed on Medard's outskirts is by far the biggest that has ever come to light in the whole Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. To preserve them, the digs have once more been filled with earth.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
The [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] settlement near today's village may have vanished in the 5th century. The archaeological discoveries suggest that there was an epoch during which the area was not settled, but it was quite soon that more settlers came and founded another settlement. Nevertheless, it is unknown just when this village was founded. Indeed, during the digs at the villa rustica, the archaeologists also found the outlines of six small [[pit-house]]s from the [[Middle Ages]]. It is to be assumed that the village's first houses arose very early after the [[Franks]] took the land, on the mountainside, likely near a wooden [[church (building)|church]]. The pit-houses that were unearthed, going by what is known about such things by archaeology, likely date from the 10th or 11th century. They must not have been the oldest buildings from the time of post-Roman settlement. Originally, the estate of Medard lay in the Free ''Königsland'', but was given by a [[Merovingian dynasty|Merovingian]] king into the ownership of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishops of Verdun]], although it is unknown when this donation happened. The [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] as successors to the Counts of the [[Nahegau]] founded out of their own small holdings and out of extensive territories that they safeguarded as ''[[Vogt|Vögte]]'' belonging to the Bishoprics of [[Electorate of Mainz|Mainz]], [[Bishopric of Worms|Worms]], Verdun and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Reims]] their new county, the County of Veldenz. In a 1235 document, the [[fief]]s held by the Counts of Veldenz from the Bishops of Verdun were listed: [[Veldenz]], Medard, [[Baumholder]], [[Nohfelden|Wolfersweiler]], [[Freisen]], [[Sankt Wendel]], [[Tholey]] and [[Nohfelden|Neunkirchen an der Nahe]]. Since Medard is named right after Veldenz, the estate might have been of special importance to Verdun. Bit by bit, the Counts of Veldenz managed to suppress the influence wielded by the Bishops of Verdun. The Counts lent them knights with official duties, and also with benefices and rights from Verdun holdings, and thus also with rights from Saint [[Medardus]]’s Estate (Medard). In the applicable enfeoffment documents, until the mid 14th century, a note appeared stating that the enfeoffment's origin was Verdun, but by the late 14th century, this note was being left out, leading to the conclusion that by this time, Verdun's ownership rights no longer meant very much. Nevertheless, the Bishopric of Verdun remained the landholder, which could be clearly seen whenever a new prince took power or a new bishop was installed. When the last Count of Veldenz died in 1444, the Bishops of Verdun held the ''[[Vogt]]ei'' of the Counts of Veldenz to be extinct along with the Counts, and no longer wanted to recognize [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken]] as their rightful successor. However, Archbishop of [[Electorate of Trier|Trier]] Jacob managed to negotiate the reinstatement of the original arrangement in 1454. The feudal arrangement between Verdun and Veldenz was then confirmed in 1497 by [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Maximilian I]]. Until about 1000, the estate of Medard, along with Meisenheim and Lauterecken, were held to be the more important centres in the Glan valley. Bit by bit, it was outstripped in importance by the two other centres, which later became towns. Lauterecken arose only about 1000 at a [[castle]] and was likely granted town rights in 1349. Meisenheim, which was a town as of 1315, was also raised as early as the 12th century to residence town by the Counts of Veldenz. Between 1124 and 1444, Medard lay in the County of Veldenz, within which it belonged to the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Meisenheim. After the Counts died out in 1444, it belonged to Count Palatine Stephen.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1509 a lord was once again enfeoffed with Medard, this time [[Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]], by the Bishopric Administrator Nikolaus von Verdun. The Bishop of Verdun at that time, [[Louis, Count of Vaudémont|Prince Louis of Lorraine]], was only nine years old and thus could not undertake the deed himself. What clearly showed that this was nothing more than a symbolic deed anyway was Verdun's utter lack of influence when in 1537, [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] chose to introduce the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] into their domains. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], Medard suffered not only under the ravages of war but also under the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]], though the loss of life was not as great as it was in the area around [[Kusel]], for the inhabitants managed in the main to shelter themselves within [[Meisenheim]]’s town walls. The ''Amt'' seat of Meisenheim was never overrun by troops coming through the area. The loss of life was nevertheless great enough, and after the war, resettlement began. It may well have been in this time that the dale first began to be settled in the Medard area. From 1589 comes a report of a long dispute over grazing rights between Medard and Lauterecken, which had since become “foreign”. It is also highly likely that Medard was destroyed during [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest. [[France]] tried using military force beginning in 1672 and through its ''politique des Réunions'' beginning in 1679 to win back such areas within Germany as were in one way or another still tied to France. Within today's [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]], ''[[de jure]]'' relations with Verdun in [[Lorraine (duchy)|Lorraine]] barely still existed in the estate of Medard, which by now found itself in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'' of Odenbach. On Lorraine, too, France raised a claim, and the duchy was [[Annexation|annexed]] to France in 1766. The then Count Palatine of Zweibrücken [[Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Friedrich Ludwig]], and also [[Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Leopold Ludwig]], the last Count Palatine of Veldenz-Lützelstein who kept his residence in [[Lauterecken]], opposed the French attempts at ''Réunion''. The French showed their displeasure at this by burning many places in the two counties palatine down, in 1677 the town of [[Kusel]] and in 1680 [[Castle]] Veldenz. It is unknown today in what way Medard, too, suffered in the warfare of that time. Meanwhile, after the destruction, the French were promoting the settling of newcomers and the reintroduction and spread of the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] faith. The County Palatine of Veldenz mentioned above had been established by the 1543 Treaty of Marburg. Under its terms, a border had also arisen between Medard and the neighbouring town of Lauterecken, for Medard had not been included in the new county palatine, but rather had remained in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Meisenheim in the County Palatine of Zweibrücken. What is odd is that in 1653, Count Palatine Leopold Ludwig had the Bishop of Verdun enfeoff him with not only Veldenz, which belonged to this new county palatine, but also Medard, [[Baumholder]] and [[Nohfelden|Wolfersweiler]]. Since the last three named places remained with the County Palatine of Zweibrücken, it seems that this enfeoffment was never operative. On the other hand, the feudal arrangement between Verdun and its landholders remained in force until the [[French Revolution]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were annexed by France. With the new political arrangement and within the new boundaries, Medard found itself in the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Meisenheim, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Meisenheim, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]]. After [[France|French]] rule, the [[Congress of Vienna]] drew new boundaries yet again. Between the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] and the [[Nahe (Rhine)|Nahe]] arose the [[Principality of Lichtenberg]], a newly created [[exclave]] of the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], and the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Meisenheim belonging to the Landgraviate of [[Hesse-Homburg]]. Medard now lay within this Meisenheim body, whereas its neighbours on the Glan's right bank, Lauterecken and Odenbach, had been grouped into the ''bayerischer Rheinkreis'', later known as ''Rheinpfalz'' (“Rhenish Palatinate”), an exclave of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. The whole Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg passed after the last Prince's death in 1866 to the Kingdom of [[Prussia]], and what had hitherto been the ''Oberamt'' of Meisenheim now became the ''Landkreis'' (district) of Meisenheim within Prussia's [[Rhine Province]]. This district was merged into the [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] district in 1932. In the 19th century, the ''Glantalbahn'' ([[railway]]) ran through the village. There were further changes after the [[Second World War]]. At first, Medard still lay in the Bad Kreuznach district within the ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' of Koblenz in the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. In the course of administrative restructuring in 1968 the village was split away from the Bad Kreuznach district and grouped into the Kusel district, and in 1972 into the newly founded [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]]. At the same time, it was transferred from the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Koblenz to the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Rheinhessen-Pfalz, which was then also newly founded, but which has now been dissolved.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
The village of Medard has remained rurally structured to this day. A great part of the populace earned its living until a few decades ago at [[agriculture]]. Alongside farmers were the local craftsmen, as well as workers and employees who mostly sought work elsewhere. Agriculture now employs few people. Many people in the workforce nowadays earn livelihoods outside the village.

The following table shows population development for Medard, although figures from long ago are not available:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Medard’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1978 || 1999 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 540 || 470 || 519
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The village's namesake is Saint [[Medardus]], the original patron of the Church of Medard. Medardus, from [[Salency]] in [[France]] (also [[Saint Gildard]]’s birthplace), dedicated himself as a son of well-to-do parents to the poor, for whom he gave his whole fortune. He was later a [[bishop]] in [[Vermandois]] and [[Tournai]], and died about 560. He was thus [[Saint Remigius]]’s contemporary. The original estate of Medard was said to be a base of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]], and it was also described in the oldest known documents as an estate. In an 1150 document, surviving today in an 1156 copy, appears the transcription “''in Curiam sancti Medardi''”. Among other forms of the name that have appeared over the ages are ''de Sancto Medardo'' (1223), ''Curtis S. Medardi'' (1235), ''apud Sanctum Mydehardum'' (1289) and ''Sant Medhard'' (1343). It could be that an earlier name for the village was displaced by the church patron’s name. The name once bore the tag ''Sankt'' (“Saint”), but this was dropped in the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
For the Medard area, three vanished villages are known by name, ''Rode'', ''Schwanden'' and ''Nirthausen'' (also called ''Nordhausen'' and ''Erdhausen''). Rode lay north of Medard and Schwanden northeast, while Nirthausen lay somewhere between Medard and [[Lauterecken]]. Rode and Schwanden were named in documents in 1289, 1379 and 1380, in each of which the name form ''Swande'' was used for the latter. Both names mean “clearing”. Both villages (or farms, as the case might have been) may have been given up even long before the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Nirthausen was mentioned, among other times, in 1377 as ''Nyrthusen'', in 1387 as ''Nyrthuißen'' and in 1643 as ''Nörthausen''. The rural cadastral toponym Erdhausen, still used today, can be traced back to Nirthausen. Unlike the other two, Nirthausen was still standing at the time of the Thirty Years' War, but was likely not settled by either its original inhabitants or newcomers after that war. Researchers Dolch and Greule trace the first part of the name, ''Nirt—'', back to a man named ''Nerito''. According to this theory, a man named ''Nerito'' founded the village. Just where this village stood is a matter of some disagreement, and some even assign it to a neighbouring municipality.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
It is assumed that Medard was founded at the time of the [[Franks|Frankish]] taking of the land, making it one of the oldest villages founded by settlers coming along the [[Roman roads]] running through the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] valley. The area in which the founding came about must have belonged to the Free [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''Reichsland''), for only thus could the estate of Medard have become a donation to the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishop of Verdun]]. Therefore, the village's founding could have come about as early as the early 6th century, and it is quite possible that efforts to [[Christianization|Christianize]] the [[Germanic peoples]] had their roots here. That would have necessitated a [[church (building)|church]] in the village right from the beginning. The villages that later belonged to the parish of the estate of Medard must all have been founded somewhat later; a time period of 200 to 400 years can be assumed for that. These villages’ names only became known to history very late. They were, besides Medard itself, Windsberg (today Windhof), [[Lauterecken]], Berschweiler (today a constituent community of [[Wiesweiler]]), [[Lohnweiler]], [[Adenbach]], [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]], [[Odenbach]] and the now vanished villages of Nyrthausen, Mannweiler (near [[Reipoltskirchen]]), Rode and Schwanden. To be borne in mind is that under secular organization during the [[Middle Ages]], Odenbach had become an ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'' seat, and that this ''Unteramt'' and the parish were coëxtensive. While Medard was a [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Verdun]] landhold, it nevertheless belonged under ecclesiastical organization to the [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]]. The church that stands today – or at least the churchtower – has its roots in the 13th century. The triple nave was only built in the 16th century. The quire was a renovation job done in 1890. The [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was introduced in 1537 in line with ecclesiastical developments introduced by [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]], who at first adopted the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] faith. However, beginning in 1588, [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Johannes I]] [[Forced conversion|forced]] all his subjects to [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Calvinism|Reformed]] belief as espoused by [[John Calvin]]. The church stewardship responsible for Medard at that time was the one at [[Meisenheim]]. Changes came both to the parish and the secular organization at the time when the new County Palatine of Veldenz was founded under the terms of the 1543 Treaty of Marburg. At this time, Lauterecken, Berschweiler and Lohnweiler were grouped into the new county palatine, which would affect the new consolidation within the parish only bit by bit. From 1367, the parish branch village of Odenbach already had its own church. In 1675, Medard lost its function as mother church and itself became a branch of Odenbach. The new political order brought by the [[French Revolution]] and [[Napoleon]]ic [[France|French]] rule also brought fundamental changes in ecclesiastical organization. Under [[Hesse-Homburg]] sovereignty, Medard was split away from Odenbach and grouped into the parish of Meisenheim. For a time, the rector of the Meisenheim [[Latin school]] was also the clergyman in Medard. Only in 1902, long after Medard had passed to [[Prussia]], did Medard once again find itself at the hub of its own parish. In 1902 and 1903, the rectory that still stands now was also built. From 1866, the Meisenheim district also formed its own church district. This was dissolved in 1969 and merged with the likewise former church districts of Kreuznach and Sobernheim into a new church district known as “An Nahe und Glan”. Belonging to this was the parish of Medard, but only for a short time, for in 1976, it was grouped into the Sankt Wendel church district. Since 1991, the minister at Medard has had two parishes to tend, his own and the small parish of Niederalben, which lies 15 km away.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360406100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Medard's mayor is Albert Graf, and his deputies are Hans Knaul and Stefan Hoos.<ref>[http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20&%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Medard/ Medard’s executive] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305080656/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Medard/ |date=2013-03-05 }}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Per bend sinister azure a church chancel foremost Or and argent Saint Medardus proper vested of the first, mitred Or and bearing a staff of the same in the dexter hand a book of the same in the sinister.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side is the local church, and the [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s, blue and gold, are those borne by the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]], for the area was donated to the Bishop of Verdun sometime between 575 and 588. The charge on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side is the municipality's patron saint, [[Medardus]], who is also the village's namesake. He is shown as a bishop, which is also a reference to the village's former allegiance to the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]], dating back to the [[Early Middle Ages]]. The tinctures on this side are the ones once borne by the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], who held the village for centuries. The arms have been borne since 4 November 1985.<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Medard_(Glan) Description and explanation of Medard’s arms]</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Description and explanation of Medard’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] parish church, Kirchgasse 8 – nave and rectangular quire, about 1262, west tower completed late 13th century, aisles possibly about 1510, renovation 1592–1597; [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[spolia]], possibly early 3rd century; at the graveyard [[Sarcophagus|sarcophagi]], about 1000 (''see also below'')
* Near Hauptstraße 18 – former flowing well, [[sandstone]]-block, [[Cast iron|cast-iron]] basin, 19th century; remnants of the wooden waterpipe
* Hauptstraße 26 – former [[school]]; sandstone-framed plastered building, 1844; barn from time of building; characterizes village's appearance
* Kirchgasse 3 – Evangelical rectory; villalike cube-shaped building with hipped roof with [[Avant-corps|risalti]] and [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] gables, 1903; characterizes square's appearance
* Near Mühlgasse 20 – former shaft kiln of the limeworks of the firm C. und L. Schlemmer; three-level, regenerative flue, 1922
* Mühlgasse 30 – house with [[crow-stepped gable]], partly timber-frame (plastered), 16th century, stable-barn, possibly from the 19th century
* former shaft kilns, in the Scheiderwald (woods) at municipal limits with [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]] – two sandstone-block hoppers integrated into the slope, 1820

====Evangelical church====
The [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] church in the village is nowadays [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]. It stands on the site where it is believed once stood a [[chapel]]. Inside the quire arch are the two yeardates 1262 and 1597. The tower and parts of the nave are known with certainty to be older than even the earlier of those dates. Many times, alterations were made to the church, especially in the years from 1592 to 1597. Perhaps it was then that the two aisles were added. It is also believed that it was then that two columns were removed from each of the nave's side walls to make the building into what is held in the [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] tradition to be a church suited to [[sermon]]s (''Predigtkirche''). By 1887, the quire had fallen into disrepair and was torn down and replaced with a new one.

===Regular events===
Medard holds its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) on the second weekend in September. Other than what is also practised in neighbouring villages, there are no customs peculiar to Medard.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
The following clubs are active in Medard:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Clubs]</ref>
*''Angelsportverein'' — [[angling]] club
*''Förderverein der Feuerwehr'' — [[fire brigade]] promotional association
*''Landfrauenverein'' — countrywomen's club
*''Männergesangverein'' — men's singing club
*''Modellflugverein „Falke“'' — [[model aircraft]] club
*''Sportverein'' — [[sport club]]

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
In the beginning, the villagers of Medard earned their livelihoods mainly by [[Agriculture|working the land]]. Alongside smaller handicraft businesses was a [[mill (grinding)|mill]], and [[limestone]] was long mined here, and fired into [[Calcium oxide|quicklime]]. Two limekilns of the [[Lime kiln#Shaft kilns|shaft]] variety still stand today. A [[mineral spring]] has long been known, and in the former mill's buildings is used for [[mineral water]] production in grand style (“Medardus-Quelle”). A business that marketed [[Pottery|ceramic ware]] set up shop in the village after the [[Second World War]], but ceased production a few years ago. A major metal construction firm that makes window and door structures went into production in January 2000 on the road leading to [[Lauterecken]]. All together, the businesses in the village fall far short of employing the whole available workforce, and thus many must [[Commuting|commute]] to jobs elsewhere, mainly to Lauterecken, [[Meisenheim]], [[Kaiserslautern]] and [[Bad Kreuznach]]. All together, the [[tourism]] sector in the village still has room to grow.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
Originally, Medard schoolchildren had to go to [[school]] in [[Odenbach]], for which the Medard clergyman donated one ''Malter'' of corn. In 1596, the clergyman declared himself ready to teach classes himself, thereby sparing himself the corn payment. In 1604, a man named Jost Drincker, at the same time a teacher in the ''Eßweiler Tal'' (dale), was supposed to be hired as a “German schoolmaster” in Medard. It seems likely that Drincker only taught in Medard sporadically, for a 1609 school inspection in Medard noted that no school was to be found there. It is unknown when school started back up. In 1623, a schoolteacher named Johannes Walmeister came to Medard, who sought in vain in 1626 to have himself transferred to the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Lichtenberg because the people in Medard were too poor to send their children to school. A setback for schooling came with the [[Thirty Years' War]], but the teaching post was soon filled after the war. In 1655, seven years after the war ended, a schoolmaster complained that children were not coming to school regularly and that he was not getting his full salary. This teacher had himself transferred, ushering in a long time during which there was no school. Further school inspections in 1666 and 1673 also noted that no school was to be found in Medard. Parents who were interested in sending their children to school were now once again forced to turn to Odenbach. In 1674, though, Medard once again had a schoolteacher; however, he soon left the village again because he was not being paid enough. In 1687, the teaching post in Medard was newly filled, and the teacher at that time was given a good reference. In 1695, Hans Konrad Henn was the schoolteacher. In 1708, it was Johann Rudolf Roland, who in 1714 was transferred to [[Rehborn]]. Following him was Kaspar Methiger, who in 1722 went to [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]]. Then came Balthasar Nikolay, earlier the schoolteacher in [[Einöllen]]. He taught in the village for 31 years and in 1753, when he was 75, asked that his son-in-law be hired, who for a while taught 50 children. He then taught until 1791, and in turn he was followed by his own son-in-law, Johannes Hunsicker from [[Jeckenbach]]. About this schoolteacher it was reported that he possessed “besides the knowledge of educational sciences, the calling of a great artist in fabricating musical instruments”. The musical instruments built by Hunsicker, mainly [[piano]]s, were even sold abroad, and thus he was in a better financial position than other teachers. Hunsicker's income from the municipality then amounted to 18 [[Rhenish guilder]]s, 12 [[Batzen]] and 8 [[Pfennig]]e. Today, [[primary school]] pupils and [[Hauptschule]] students attend their respective schools in Lauterecken. There are [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] in Lauterecken and Meisenheim. The nearest university town is Kaiserslautern ([[Kaiserslautern University of Technology]]).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Medard lies on ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 ([[Oppenheim]]—[[Neunkirchen, Saarland]]). In [[Lauterecken]], only 2 km away, ''Bundesstraßen'' 420 and 270 cross each other. The nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s are all rather far away ([[Kusel]] 32 km, [[Kaiserslautern]] 35 km, [[Wörrstadt]] 45 km). Formerly, the village lay on the [[Glan Valley Railway]] (''Glantalbahn'', [[Bad Münster am Stein station|Bad Münster am Stein]]—[[Homburg Central Station|Homburg]]), which opened in 1906 and closed in 1985. Running nowadays on the railway right-of-way are small [[draisine]]s as a [[tourist attraction]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Transport]</ref> Serving Lauterecken is a [[railway station]] on the [[Lauter Valley Railway (Palatinate)|Lauter Valley Railway]] (''Lautertalbahn'').

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
Karl L. Kistner (b. 1926) — A painter, graphic artist and writer, Kistner has had many exhibitions throughout Germany. A well known work of his is ''Die Bibel in 61 Linolschnitten'' (“The [[Bible]] in 61 [[Linocut]]s”). Among other things that he has published are ''Autoleien'', ''Jeden Tag ein Lächeln'' (“Every Day a Smile”) and ''Liebesbriefe'' (“Love Letters”).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7561 Sons and daughters of the town]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Medard (Glan)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130305080656/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Medard/ Medard in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Dittweiler

2025-01-01T06:12:24Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Dittweil.jpg → File:DEU Dittweil COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Dittweil COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|25|46|N|7|20|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Dittweiler in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Oberes Glantal
|elevation = 278
|area = 5.63
|postal_code = 66903
|area_code = 06386
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 016
|website = [http://www.dittweiler.de/ www.dittweiler.de]
|mayor = Winfried Karl Cloß<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Dittweiler''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of [[Oberes Glantal]], whose seat is in [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in the Kohlbach valley the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] at an elevation of roughly 270 m above [[sea level]], to a great extent on roads that run parallel to the Kohlbach and the Romersbach, which empties into it here. As in the neighbouring village of [[Altenkirchen]], much of the former cropland within Dittweiler's municipal limits has been given over to [[Orchard#Meadow orchard .28Streuobstwiese.29|meadow orchards]], particularly ones planted with [[Prunus avium|sweet cherry]] (there are some 7,000 fruit trees). The nearby mountains to the village's west, towards [[Breitenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Breitenbach]], reach more than 400 m above sea level (Hartenberg 435 m), and to the east, more than 350 m (Wartenstein 375 m). Wooded land stretches out particularly in the municipal area's west. The municipal area itself measures 563 ha, of which 168 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Dittweiler borders in the north on the municipality of [[Altenkirchen, Kusel|Altenkirchen]], in the northeast on the municipality of [[Ohmbach]], in the east on the municipality of [[Brücken, Kusel|Brücken]], in the south on the municipality of [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Dunzweiler]] and in the west on the municipality of [[Breitenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Breitenbach]].

===Municipality’s layout===
The [[3-way junction|T-junction]] where Stammhofstraße meets Sankt Wendeler Straße can be seen as the heart of the village. Here stands the prominent and well known 1936 [[war memorial]]. Not far up the street stands an old smithy building, which has been preserved along with its equipment. Sankt Wendeler Straße (''[[Landesstraße]]'' 355) is a thoroughfare running north-south, and standing along it are most of the village's houses. Stammhofstraße leads to the brook and then, after a great bow in the street to the south (left), the way eventually leads to the Romersbach, which in the middle of a recreation area flows through a pond, the Römerweiher. It is here that a new village centre has arisen around the village community centre, itself built between 1981 and 1983. Spreading west from here are new building zones (Römerstraße, Seewald). Branching off Stammhofstraße towards the north is Freibergstraße, which runs parallel to the Kohlbach's right bank in the village's north end. The graveyard can be reached along Friedhofstraße (whose name, fittingly enough, means “Graveyard Street”), which branches off eastwards near the old smithy on Sankt Wendeler Straße. Branching off Sankt Wendeler Straße in the village's north end is Schulstraße (or locally, Steinkaut), which leads, not surprisingly (for its name means “School Street”), to the former schoolhouse.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Even in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], man inhabited the area. Dittweiler's municipal area harbours witnesses to these early settlers. Still standing in the rural cadastral area named the Kaufmannsbösch are two unopened [[Celts|Celtic]] [[Bronze Age]] or [[Iron Age]] [[Tumulus|barrows]] measuring 11 and 18 m in diameter. Like most nearby villages, Dittweiler can also boast traces of [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] presence. An old parish description records “Found in Dittweiler near the old schoolhouse near the graveyard were … unambiguous traces of a Roman settlement”. Remnants of a Roman [[villa rustica]] have also been unearthed at the Lacherwald (forest).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Antiquity]</ref> Over the years, the remnants of three Roman farms and an ancient high road have been brought to light.<ref>[http://www.dittweiler.de/ Dittweiler’s history]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
The lands around Dittweiler belonged to the Kaiserslautern (both the town and the [[castle]] of that name) [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Estates (the ''Reichsland''), and to the court region of Kübelberg, which beginning in 1312 was taken over by a whole succession of secular lordships as an Imperial pledge ([[Electoral Palatinate]], the [[County of Veldenz]], the [[County of Sponheim]]). The rural cadastral names Künschberg and Künschwoog (that is, Königsberg and Königswoog, ''Königs'' being [[German language|German]] for “king’s”) still recall the time when the area was part of the ''Reichsland''. In 1316, Dittweiler had its first documentary mention, according to which a lesser nobleman named Reinfried de Curti acknowledged ownership of part of his holdings in Dittweiler (''Dydewilre''), with which he had been enfeoffed by [[Waldgrave]] Johannes von Dhaun. In 1438, Dittweiler and the village mill (Falken Hansen Mühle) appeared in the ''Sponheimer Gültbuch'', a taxation book. In this year, the County of Sponheim came to an end, and the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Kübelberg, along with Dittweiler, passed back to Electoral Palatinate. In the late 15th century, the [[Junker]]s of [[House of Leyen|Leyen]], among others, acquired landholds in Dittweiler. The Prince-Electors of the Palatinate remained the [[Feudalism|feudal]] and territorial lords until 1779.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Middle Ages]</ref> From 1774 come the border stones that can still be found west of the village, which once marked the border with [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Palatinate-Zweibrücken]].<ref>[http://www.dittweiler.de/ Dittweiler’s history]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1547, the ''Zweibrücker Oberamtsbannbuch'' mentioned the ditch in the southwest of Dittweiler's municipal area, a fortification that by that time had fallen into disrepair. In 1556, Prince-Elector Ottheinrich introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] for all his subjects. This was, of course, [[Forced conversion|obligatory]]. Dittweiler then appeared in the 1564 description of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Zweibrücken by the geometer Tilemann Stella, which described, among other things, a boundary stone with a cross on it that marked the limit between [[Dunzweiler|''Duntzweiller'']] and ''Ditweiller'' (a transcription and translation of this section of the book is to be found at the [[Dunzweiler]] article). In 1600, Master Forester Philipp Vellmann toured the villages in the ''Amt'' of Kübelberg on Prince-Elector [[Frederick IV, Elector Palatine|Friedrich IV's]] behalf, and on the tour described Dittweiler's environs with its dales, woods and ponds, also meanwhile noting the mill, which was now called “Arnold Mühl”. In a 1610 description in the Altenkirchen parish “competence book”, it says that Dittweiler did indeed belong to Electoral Palatinate, but that the tithe was owed to the Zweibrücken monastery of Wörschweiler, and thereby to [[John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]], and that one third of this tithe was to go to the likewise Zweibrücken-held Church of Ohmbach. As well, the lands held by the Counts of [[House of Leyen|Leyen]] were mentioned once again. According to a 1611 Electoral Palatinate ''Oberamt'' of Lautern taxation register, a listing of, among other things, all Dittweiler's family heads was undertaken, according to which 18 families then lived in the village, representing roughly 70 to 80 inhabitants. The horrors of the [[Thirty Years' War]] brought the village hardship and woe, as was so in every other village in the area and all around [[Kusel]]. By the time it was over, there was almost nobody still living in the village. Only in 1656 (eight years after the war ended) were four families again living in Dittweiler, of whom only one had been living there before the war. Population development stagnated as a result of [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest until the late 17th century. In 1684, only three families were living in Dittweiler. Only in the early 18th century did population growth once again begin in earnest with great numbers of new settlers coming from, among other countries, [[Switzerland]]. In 1779, the Electoral Palatinate ''Amt'' of Kübelberg was traded for the hitherto Zweibrücken-held villages of [[Duchroth]] and [[Oberhausen an der Nahe|Oberhausen]] and also part of the village of [[Niederkirchen]]. Thus, Dittweiler, too, belonged until the fall of all [[Feudalism|feudal]] states in the [[French Revolution]] to the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], within which it lay in the ''Oberamt'' of Homburg and the ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' of Waldmohr.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
In 1793, the first [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] appeared in the area, and in 1801, [[France]] [[Annexation|annexed]] the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank. During the time of French rule, which ended in 1814, Dittweiler lay in the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Waldmohr, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Waldmohr, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Saarbrücken and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]], whose seat lay at [[Trier]]. In 1814, the French withdrew from the annexed lands on the left bank, and Dittweiler was at first assigned to the district of Ottweiler. After a transitional period, the ''Baierischer Rheinkreis'' came into being in 1816, later known as the Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate in the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. This had been awarded to Bavaria by the [[Congress of Vienna]]. Dittweiler passed in 1818 to the ''Landkommissariat'' (later ''Bezirksamt'' and then ''Landkreis'', or district) of Homburg and the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Altenkirchen in the canton of Waldmohr. In 1848 and 1849, the Kohlbach valley was held to be a hotbed of the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the German states|revolutionary]] movement in the Palatinate. In the 19th century, many impoverished people left the Kohlbach valley and [[Emigration|emigrated]] to the [[United States]], mainly to [[Ohio]]. In the late 20th century, [[Jerry L. Ross]], a descendant of the emigrants, discovered his Dittweiler roots. Ross was a [[NASA]] [[astronaut]], and eventually, he took the Dittweiler municipal flag with him into space on mission [[STS-55]] (also called mission D-2; [[Space Shuttle]] ''[[Space Shuttle Columbia|Columbia]]''; 26 April 1993 – 6 May 1993) on which he was a [[Mission Specialist]] (the mission had another German connection: the two payload specialists, [[Ulrich Walter]] and [[Hans Schlegel]], were both German). After the [[First World War]], the district of Homburg was grouped into the [[United Kingdom|British]]- and French-[[Military occupation|occupied]] [[Saar (League of Nations)|Saar]], but the canton of Waldmohr remained in the Free State – no longer Kingdom, for both the [[Ludwig III of Bavaria|King]] and the [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser]] had [[Abdication|abdicated]] – of [[Bavaria]], and thereby in Germany as well. It belonged with an administrative outpost to the ''Bezirksamt'' of Kusel. In 1940, the outpost was dissolved and merged into the Kusel district. In the course of administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the ''Bürgermeisterei'' of Altenkirchen was finally dissolved. Until 2017, Dittweiler belonged as a self-administering ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' to the [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Schönenberg-Kübelberg]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
Dittweiler was a farming village and is even now widely known for its [[cherry]] growing. Records show that the first small coalmine opened in the late 18th century. Besides [[agriculture]], small farmers could now earn their livelihoods as miners. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the collieries were shut down, forcing almost all coalminers to [[Commuting|commute]] to the pits in the Saar coalfields. Beginning about 1870, most workers in Dittweiler worked at the Frankenholz colliery, and then later also the Nordfeld colliery. Thus came a general shift from farming village to farmer-miners’ village. It was in this time that the nickname ''Waffele'' arose. Whole batches of ''Grombeerwaffele'' ([[potato waffle]]s; the Standard German word is ''Kartoffelwaffeln'') were brought by miners to work and served as nourishing and cheap weekly victuals in the workers’ dormitory. In Dittweiler itself, [[diamond]]-cutting workshops began to arise beginning in 1909. Population figures were rising quickly even as long ago as the 18th century, although this growth later stagnated for a while in the 19th century. In the 20th century, the population almost doubled. With regard to religious alignment, the inhabitants were once almost without exception [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]], and even today, [[Catholic Church|Catholics]], followers of other faiths and those with no religion are a clear minority. Dittweiler is nowadays characterized by its residential function, and is home to people of the most varied of occupations, most of whom commute to jobs outside the village.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Dittweiler, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Dittweiler’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 2004
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 382 || 425 || 430 || 541 || 693 || 814 || 976
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' || 39 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 55 ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' || 343 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 755 ||  
|- align="center"
| '''Other''' || – ||   ||   ||   ||   || 4 ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The village's name has the common [[German language|German]] placename ending ''—weiler'', which as a standalone word means “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]” (originally “homestead”), to which is prefixed the name ''Dioto'' which can be taken as a [[Franks|Frankish]] personal name. Dittweiler, therefore, was originally “Dioto’s homestead”. Dittweiler had its first documentary mention in 1316 as ''Dydewilre''. Other names that it has borne over the ages are, among others: ''Diedwilr'' (1437), ''Diedweiller'' (1547), ''Didweiler'' (1571), ''Dietweiler'' (1824).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
In the far west of Dittweiler's municipal area once lay a village named Hundhausen, which was named as a vanished village as early as 1564 in Tilemann Stella's writings. It might have been a village that grew out of a lordly estate held by a lord named Hun or Hundo, a Frankish administrative official.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
Before the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], Dittweiler belonged to the Parish Church of Ohmbach and therefore evidently shared its history. After Prince-Elector Ottheinrich had introduced the Reformation into [[Electoral Palatinate]] in 1556, Dittweiler was grouped into the parish of Altenkirchen. On the principle of ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]'', the inhabitants [[Forced conversion|had to adopt]] the faith thus prescribed for Electoral Palatinate, which was [[Lutheranism]], as taught by, of course, [[Martin Luther]]. Owing to the former allegiance to the Church of Ohmbach, however, there were still strong ties to the Wörschweiler Monastery, which lay in the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]], and to which the village owed one third of its tithes. These were paid to the Dukes of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, who had taken the monastery estate into their ownership after the Reformation. After the [[Thirty Years' War]], there was [[freedom of religion]], and newcomers to the now depopulated village brought other [[Christianity|Christian]] denominations with them. These were mostly [[Calvinism|Calvinists]], although there were also a few [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] among them. Their share of the population in the early 19th century was almost 10%, but nowadays it is somewhat more than 5%.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[proportional representation]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360501600.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>
{| class="wikitable" width="300"
! Year || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || FWG || Total
|- align="center"
| 2009 || 7 || 5 || 12 seats
|- align="center"
| 2004 || 7 || 5 || 12 seats
|}

“FWG” is ''Freie Wählergruppe Rheinland-Pfalz'' (“Free Voters’ Group of Rhineland-Palatinate”).

===Mayor===
Dittweiler's mayor is Winfried Karl Cloß.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Argent a bend sinister wavy azure between a cherry sprig leafed of one and fructed of two slipped proper and a hammer and pick per saltire sable.

The “bend sinister wavy” (wavy slanted stripe) is held to represent the local brook, the Kohlbach, on which the village lies, while the cherry sprig on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side refers to the still important [[Prunus avium|sweet cherry]] growing operations in the municipality. The [[hammer and pick]] [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side refers to the former coalmining in the local area and the old mining tradition.

The arms have been borne since 1982 when they were approved by the now defunct ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Description and explanation of Dittweiler’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Near St. Wendeler Straße 71 – warriors’ memorial, monumental soldier sculpture, 1936, by August Deubzer, [[Kaiserslautern]]
* St. Wendeler Straße 73 – ''Alte Schmiede'' (“''Hiwwelschmidd''”, “Old [[Forge|Smithy]]”); one-floor brick building, 1872, conversion 1908; technical equipment from 1920

===Natural monuments===
Described as natural monuments in Dittweiler are two trees, the ''Weisenbaum'' (an [[oak]] on the way to [[Breitenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Breitenbach]]) and the ''Luitpoldlinde'' (a [[Tilia|limetree]] on Schulstraße).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Natural monuments]</ref>

===Sport and leisure===
Cultural events in Dittweiler are mainly defined by the many local clubs, but also by the municipality's efforts to care for recreational facilities (such as the Römerweiher pond and [[hiking]] trails). An amply sized village community centre, the ''Bürgerhaus'', was built in 1981-1983.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Sport and leisure]</ref>

===Clubs===
Dittweiler has the following clubs:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Clubs]</ref>
*''Freie Wählergruppe Ortsverein'' — “Free Voters” political group, local chapter
*''Förderverein der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr'' — [[fire brigade]] promotional association
*''Gesangverein Frohsinn'' — singing club
*''Hundesportverein'' — dog sport club
*''Landfrauenverein'' — countrywomen's club
*''Natur- und Vogelschutzverein'' — nature and bird conservation club
*''Obst- und Gartenbauverein'' — fruitgrowing and gardening club
*''Pensionärverein'' — pensioners’ club
*''Sportverein Kohlbachtal'' — [[sport club]]
*''SPD – Ortsverein'' — [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]], local chapter
*''Schachclub'' — [[chess]] club
*''Tischtennisverein'' — [[table tennis]] club
*''Ski-Club Kohlbachtal'' — [[skiing]] club
*''VdK-Gruppe'' — advocacy group
*''Wutzeclub 77''

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Originally, most people in the village earned their livelihood at [[agriculture]], and indeed, sweet cherry growing still enjoys a certain importance. A mill was mentioned as early as the 15th century, and was shut down in 1900. In the late 18th century, there were already two small mines in the municipal area, Nickelhöh and Unterdell, which employed about ten miners. In the early 19th century, itinerant [[Peddler|peddling]] became a widely practised occupation in Dittweiler, with poorer villagers travelling throughout southern Germany hawking wares. They sold [[creamware]], [[sanguine]], [[Sharpening stone|whetstones]], woodenware and wheel resin (this last item led to the nickname ''Harzkrämer'' – “resin dealer” – for a Dittweiler villager). From the late 19th century onwards, many inhabitants also sought livelihoods in the nearby Saar coalfields. The village developed bit by bit from a farming village into a worker-farmers’ village. Alongside full-time agricultural operations arose small farms worked by the so-called ''Bergmannsbauern'' (“miner-farmers”). Likewise from the 19th century onwards, diamond-cutting workshops opened, first in neighbouring villages, and then in 1909, the first major one, with five workbenches, appeared on the scene in Dittweiler. By 1936, Dittweiler still had 13 independent diamond-cutting workshops. After 1945, there were at first still seven, but over the decades that followed, even they shut up shop one by one. Today, Dittweiler is first and foremost a [[Commuter town|commuter village]]. Among the shops and small businesses that can be found here are a beverage company, a [[Floristry|florist's shop]], a company that installs sanitary and heating systems, a [[filling station]] that also sells [[tire]]s, a [[Cosmetics|cosmetic]] studio, two [[real estate]] agencies, a roofing company, a tile-laying shop, a structural engineering office and a metal construction firm. The Kreissparkasse Kusel (district savings bank) maintains an [[automated teller machine]] in the village, and VR-Bank Westpfalz (a [[credit union]]) has a branch in [[Altenkirchen]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
In 1784, after Dittweiler had become a [[Palatine Zweibrücken]] holding, the village got a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare), which had replaced schooling in [[Altenkirchen]], which the children had formerly attended, as the municipality wanted to free itself of its contributions to Altenkirchen. Beginning in 1786, the school was approved by the Duke and for ten years thereafter it enjoyed a [[subsidy]] of five ''Gulden'' from the ecclesiastical coffers. The winter school's head was at first Friedrich Rindt from [[Breitenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Breitenbach]]. Beginning in 1791, school was taught by Johann Hettrich in Dittweiler, who was upbraided for failing to introduce summer school. In 1818, there were 70 children of school age, and the municipality was prepared to buy a plot for a schoolhouse. Officials from the Royal Chief Mayor's Office at [[Waldmohr]] took the view that a building for only one class was what was needed, and that the price for the plot of land on offer was too high. The architect Deckert from [[Homburg, Saarland|Homburg]] put together a plan. The projected cost of 776 ''Gulden'' likewise struck the Chief Mayor's Office as being much too high, and a further plan was demanded. At last, in 1826, the schoolhouse was ready, standing on what is today called Friedhofstraße. The following year, it was also given a belltower, through whose sound holes the rain got in and trickled down into the floor down below. This was put right by installing shutters over the sound holes. In 1831, a barn was likewise built on the school ground for the teacher's economic ends. The schoolhouse was actually too small right from the beginning, and so the municipality sold the old school and in 1873 a new one was built in a disused quarry on today's Schulstraße. Only in 1891 was a second classroom opened. In 1929, yet another schoolhouse was to be built, this time a rather bigger one, but once again the plan was rejected, and what happened instead amounted to a partial demolition of the existing building and the addition of an upper floor, which was finished in 1936. In 1970, Dittweiler still had 87 schoolchildren. The school was nevertheless dissolved and the [[primary school]] pupils and [[Hauptschule]] students then went first to the corresponding schools in [[Altenkirchen]] and [[Brücken, Kusel|Brücken]]. The schoolhouse was sold into private ownership. Today, Hauptschule students attend school at the [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] school centre, while the primary school pupils attend school in Brücken. [[Special school]]s are available in [[Kusel]], and for lower classes also in Brücken for children with learning difficulties. [[Realschule]]n can be found at the Schönenberg-Kübelberg school centre and in Kusel, while there are [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] in Kusel and Homburg. [[University|Universities]] are to be found in [[Kaiserslautern]], [[Saarbrücken]], Homburg and [[Trier]]. Years ago, a municipal [[kindergarten]] was built onto the municipal centre, and in 2005, a youth centre was also added.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Dittweiler lies on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 355, which links [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] north of [[Altenkirchen]] with ''Landesstraße'' 552 ([[Quirnbach, Kusel|Quirnbach]]-[[Ottweiler]]). ''Kreisstraßen'' (District Roads) link Dittweiler with [[Breitenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Breitenbach]] and [[Brücken, Kusel|Brücken]]. To the southeast runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 6|A 6]], while to the northeast lies the [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). The nearest Autobahn [[interchange (road)|interchanges]] each lie roughly 12 km away. These are near [[Glan-Münchweiler]] (A 62), [[Bruchmühlbach-Miesau|Miesau]] (A 6) and [[Waldmohr]] (A 6). [[Glan-Münchweiler station]] is on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]] and is served by [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67, called the ''Glantalbahn'' (the name of which refers to the [[Glan Valley Railway]], which shared some of the route of the Landstuhl–Kusel line, including the former junction at Glan-Münchweiler). Serving [[Sankt Wendel]] is a station on the [[Nahe Valley Railway]] ([[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]]–[[Saarbrücken]]). [[Homburg Central Station]] is a station on the [[Mannheim–Saarbrücken railway]]. Each of these stations lies between 10 and 15 km away from Dittweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7476 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
* Ernst Appel (1921–1979), [[Mail|postal]] official and author
* Kurt Lauer (1923–after 1955), [[Nazi Party|Nazi]] functionary
* Werner Pfaff (??–??), administrative official and author

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.dittweiler.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.siue.edu/~jandris/genealogy/html/dittweiler.html Emigrants from Dittweiler] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Merzweiler

2024-12-31T06:58:45Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-merzweiler.jpg → File:DEU Merzweiler COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Merzweiler COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|39|59|N|7|32|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Merzweiler in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 260
|area = 2.27
|postal_code = 67746
|area_code = 06788
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 062
|website = [http://www.merzweiler.de/ www.merzweiler.de]
|mayor = Klaudia Schneider<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Merzweiler''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Merzweiler lies in the Jeckenbach valley in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] between the [[Palatinate Forest]] and the [[Hunsrück]] at elevations ranging from 250 to 260 m above [[sea level]]. The elevations around the village reach heights of more than 300 m above sea level (Brecherberg 362 m, Rüllberg 350 m). The municipal area measures 226 ha, of which roughly 2 ha is settled and 27 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Merzweiler borders in the north on the municipality of [[Hoppstädten]], in the east on the municipality of [[Kappeln, Rhineland-Palatinate|Kappeln]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Grumbach]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Herren-Sulzbach]] and in the west on the municipality of [[Langweiler, Kusel|Langweiler]]. Merzweiler also meets the municipality of [[Homberg, Kusel|Homberg]] at a single point in the southwest.

===Municipality’s layout===
Merzweiler lies at a crossroads of one road running east–west from [[Kappeln, Rhineland-Palatinate|Kappeln]] to [[Langweiler, Kusel|Langweiler]], and another running north–south from [[Hoppstädten]] to [[Grumbach]]. The village community centre stands in the middle of the village where the road to Hoppstädten branches off. In the past, the village won prizes on various occasions in the contest ''Unser Dorf soll schöner werden'' (“Our village should become lovelier”). Among the old farmhouses, the ''Einfirsthaus'' (“house with a single roof ridge”) is predominant. The small graveyard lies in the village's south end on the road leading to Grumbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
It is certain that the Merzweiler area was settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]]. In [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, a [[villa rustica]] stood where the village is now, and according to old literary citations, as early as 1756, the remnants of a round [[Roman temple]] with mighty stone blocks were unearthed, a complex with a diameter of some “200 paces”. The digs yielded some valuable statues, among them a “[[Hercules]] with the club”. One statue had an inscription on its base reading ''Merkurius''. The excavation site can still be picked out today in the cadastral area called “Auf Burg”. About the unearthed sculpture's whereabouts today, though, nothing is known.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
It is likely that the [[Franks|Frankish]] farm that became the seed that grew into Merzweiler arose sometime between 800 and 1000. Originally, from 960 to 1140, the village lay in the [[Nahegau]], ruled by the [[Emichones]], but was not mentioned in the documents according to which various villages of the ''Heidegericht'' (“Heath Court”) were pledged by the [[Waldgrave]]s to either the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] or the Dukes of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]]. The village likely passed as early as the 12th century to the County of Veldenz when this was founded by Count Gerlach I. Nevertheless, the village's name did not appear among those listed in the 1387 “brotherly partition” between Counts Friedrich and Heinrich of Veldenz either. However, that document does say, in archaic [[German language|German]], that Count Friedrich was to receive “''die dorffer und armelude zu Meisenheim, die bisher in das Ampt zu Meisenheim gehörig sind''” (“the villages and poor people at [[Meisenheim]], which hitherto have belonged in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' at Meisenheim”). Merzweiler must have been among these villages. Even before 1426, the Counts of Veldenz had granted the court at Merzweiler to the House of Boiz von Reipoltskirchen, first to Conrad Boiz, then to Hermann the Elder and last to Hermann the Younger. In 1438, the [[fief]] passed to Hermann the Younger's son-in-law, Godelmann Blick von Lichtenberg. As a Veldenz, and later Zweibrücken village, Merzweiler always belonged to the ''Amt'', later ''Oberamt'', of Meisenheim.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Middle Ages]</ref><ref>[http://gemeinde.merzweiler.de/geschichte.html Merzweiler’s history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731211902/http://gemeinde.merzweiler.de/geschichte.html |date=2012-07-31 }}</ref>

===Modern times===
Merzweiler was a church seat, possibly right from the [[Early Middle Ages]]. This [[church (building)|church]] was enfeoffed with the St. Antoniushof (estate) near [[Bad Sobernheim|Sobernheim]]. In 1563, the church gave this fief for one hundred years to Guff Hansen. In the Treaty of Meisenheim of 20 March 1595, [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Johannes I]] gave Merzweiler to the regents of Rhinegrave Christoph von Grumbach's sons, exchanging it for the villages of [[Bosenbach]] and [[Oberstaufenbach|Staufenbach]]. At the same time, the Count Palatine was granted leave to develop the brine [[spring (hydrology)|spring]] near [[Sankt Julian]]. The Antoniushof, as an ecclesiastical fief to the Lords of Hansen, was confiscated by the Rhinegraves. In the course of the treaty negotiations, Count Palatine Johannes had a report put together from which one can learn details from the late 16th century about Merzweiler. It says that the Count Palatine was responsible for both high and low ''Oberkeit'' (something akin to “superiority”), could have incomes and levies at his disposal, and had hunting rights. It also names all the [[Serfdom|serfs]], 13 families with 44 inhabitants. A serf here belonged, together with his family, to the Count of Palatinate-Veldenz, whose residence was at [[Lauterecken]], but was nevertheless ready to show the Duke of Zweibrücken the customary subservience. At the time of the exchange, it was clearly laid out what taxes and payments Merzweiler's inhabitants had to pay before 1595. The Duke of Zweibrücken received from the ''Beth'' (tax) each year 1 [[Rhenish guilder]], 4 ''Alben'' and 2 [[Pfennig]]e. From land taxes he got 19 Rhenish guilders and 4 [[Batzen]]. In kind, each household had to deliver to him 11 chickens along with 1 ''Simmer'' of fodder [[oat]]s for each horse, all together 7 ''Simmer''. Even the lowly serf who belonged to the Counts of Palatinate-Veldenz (Lauterecken) had to pay their part in all of this. Out of the wine tithes, one third each had to go to the Count Palatine, the Meisenheim parish priest and Antoni Bos's [[widow]], meaning a rich landholder's family. In an ordinary year, the wine tithe could be as much as 4 or 5 ''Ohm'' (an ''Ohm'' was usually something between 134 and 174.75 L). Of the grain tithe, yearly 6 to 7 ''Malter'', half corn ([[wheat]] or [[rye]]) and half oats, one third went to the Meisenheim parish priest while the other two thirds went to the Lords Cratz von Scharfenstein. Payments had to be made to the Church of Merzweiler itself, too, yearly in money 14 Rhenish guilders and 7 ''Alben'', in grain 3 ''Malter'', 2 ''Simmer'' 2 ''Dreiling'' and 2 ''Sester'' of corn and 3 ''Malter'' and 1 ''Simmer'' of oats. These were received and tallied by the Meisenheim church steward. During the [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618–48), Merzweiler was drawn harshly into hardship, particularly in 1635 and 1636 when [[Croatia]]n troops, who were on the [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor's]] side, attacked, as did troops under the likewise [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] General [[Matthias Gallas]]. The villagers fled to the nearby woods and watched as the village's houses were destroyed. Hunger and the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]] decimated the population. Many villagers moved to places that were not quite as harshly affected by the war. When the war ended, a taxation report read “Here it must be said that owing to all kinds of war danger most people have died and owing to dearth have moved out of the land and the taxes and levies are therefore not being raised.” In [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest, there were once more losses. It was relatively calm in the 18th century. The population grew once again, and there was even [[emigration]] for the first time.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Modern times]</ref> In Merzweiler once lived Johannes Bückler's (1777–1803) grandparents, whose notorious grandson was better known as [[Schinderhannes]]. Bückler's grandfather Otto Philipp Bückler was born about 1709 in [[Hilscheid]] in the [[Idar Forest]] near [[Thalfang]], worked as a [[Scharfrichter|headsman]] and a [[knacker]] and died in 1777 in Merzweiler. Bückler's grandmother Maria Magdalena Riemenschneider (1738–1770) came from Merzweiler. Johannes Bückler (1758–1803), Schinderhannes's father, was born in Merzweiler.<ref>Peter Bayerlein: Schinderhannes-Ortslexikon, S. 163, Mainz-Kostheim 2003</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were annexed by France. Merzweiler now belonged to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Grumbach, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Grumbach, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]]. As early as 1793, [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] advanced through the Glan valley and billeted themselves in the villages in the [[Grumbach]] area. There were assaults by Revolutionary troops against the local populace. After the French were driven out in 1814, the [[Congress of Vienna]] established a new political order in post-Napoleonic [[Europe]]. In 1816, Merzweiler thus passed to the [[Principality of Lichtenberg]], a newly created [[exclave]] of the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], which as of 1826 became the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]. As part of this state, it passed by sale in 1834 to the Kingdom of [[Prussia]], which made this area into the Sankt Wendel district within the [[Rhine Province]]. This district was split into several ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Ämter]]''; Merzweiler belonged to the ''Amt'' of Grumbach. Later, after the [[First World War]], the [[Treaty of Versailles]] stipulated, among other things, that 26 of the Sankt Wendel district's 94 municipalities had to be ceded to the [[United Kingdom|British]]- and [[France|French]]-[[Military occupation|occupied]] [[Saar (League of Nations)|Saar]]. The remaining 68 municipalities then bore the designation “Restkreis St. Wendel-Baumholder”, with the first syllable of ''Restkreis'' having the same meaning as in English, in the sense of “left over”. Merzweiler belonged to this district until 1937, when it was transferred to the [[Birkenfeld (district)|Birkenfeld district]], formed out of the ''Restkreis'' and a formerly [[Grand Duchy of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]]-held district, also called Birkenfeld. This new, bigger Birkenfeld district lay within the Prussian ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' of Koblenz. After the [[Second World War]], the village at first lay within the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Koblenz in the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. In 1968, in the course of administrative restructuring, the ''Amt'' of Grumbach was dissolved, and Merzweiler was then transferred to the Kusel district, in which it remains today. In 1972, Merzweiler passed to the then newly founded [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]], and at the same time from the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Koblenz to the newly founded ''Regierungsbezirk'' of [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]], which has, however, since been dissolved.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
Until a few decades ago, the greater part of Merzweiler's population earned its livelihood mainly at [[agriculture]]. Besides the farmers, there were also farmhands, forestry workers and a few craftsmen. There were hardly any other jobs to be had. Even today, the land within municipal limits is still worked, although few people nowadays work in farming. A good deal of those in the workforce must seek employment elsewhere. As early as 1955, of the 56 active workforce members in Merzweiler, 48 had to [[Commuting|commute]] to jobs.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Merzweiler:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Merzweiler’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1595 || 1815 || 1860 || 1900 || 1925 || 1958 || 1997 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 44 || 100 || 130 || 167 || 162 || 208 || 190 || 204
|}

===Municipality’s name===
In a copy of a document from 1341, Merzweiler is named as ''Mertzwilr''. In 1375 it was called ''Mortzwiler'', and in 1426 ''Mortzwilre''. In 1500, the form ''Mertzwiler'' appeared. The village's name, Merzweiler, has the common [[German language|German]] placename ending ''—weiler'', which as a standalone word means “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]” (originally “homestead”), to which is prefixed a syllable ''Merz—'', believed to have arisen from a personal name, ''Morizo'', suggesting that the village arose from a homestead founded by an early [[Franks|Frankish]] settler named Morizo. The earlier notion that the village already existed in [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times with the name ''Martis Villa'' (''Martis'' being the [[Genitive case|genitive]] of ''[[Mars (mythology)|Mars]]'', the war god, and thus this name would have meant “Mars’s Estate”) or ''Villa Mercis'' (“Warehouse Estate”) is not nowadays shared by regional historians.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Municipality’s name]</ref>

==Religion==
In Merzweiler, from the [[Middle Ages]] onwards, up to the late 16th century, stood a church. Whether the village was originally a self-administering parish is unknown. In the [[Late Middle Ages]], the church was a branch of [[Medard]]. Since the village then belonged to the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], it was then subject to Zweibrücken ecclesiastical organization. That changed right away when Merzweiler was traded for [[Bosenbach]] and [[Oberstaufenbach|Staufenbach]] in 1595, and thereby ended up with the Rhinegraviate of Grumbach. It was then subject to Rhinegravial ecclesiastical organization. Merzweiler thus belonged first to the parish of Sulzbach, then passing to the parish of Grumbach when this became self-administering in 1808. In Zweibrücken times, the clergyman would hold services during the week at the Merzweiler church, while on Sundays he would hold them at the [[Kappeln, Rhineland-Palatinate|Kappeln]] church. About the church building itself little is known. A 1584 ecclesiastical visitation protocol noted that the church had fallen into disrepair and needed to be renovated. Obviously nothing came of this and the church was simply given up. There were never very many [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] or [[Judaism|Jews]] in Merzweiler in earlier days.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360406200.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Merzweiler's mayor is Klaudia Schneider.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per bend sinister Or a lion rampant sinister gules armed and langued azure and gules two roses, the smaller surmounting the larger, the larger reversed, both argent and barbed vert and the smaller seeded of the first.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side is the lion once borne as an heraldic device by the [[Waldgrave]]s and Rhinegraves, the area's last [[Feudalism|feudal]] rulers. The roses symbolize the village's beauty, bearing witness to which are its showings in various contests. The arms have been borne since 20 July 1964 when they were approved by the [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] Ministry of the Interior.<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Merzweiler Description and explanation of Merzweiler’s arms]</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Description and explanation of Merzweiler’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Hauptstraße 7 – former [[Mill (grinding)|mill]]; building with half-hipped roof, essentially possibly from the latter half of the 16th century, one-floor bakehouse addition

===Regular events===
Merzweiler holds its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) on the third weekend in August. Old customs, such as were once observed in all villages of the Glan area, are hardly practised at all nowadays.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
The following clubs are active in Merzweiler:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Clubs]</ref>
* ''Gesangverein'' — singing club
* ''Landjugendgruppe'' — country youth group
* ''Förderverein der Feuerwehr und der Gemeinde'' — promotional association for the [[fire brigade]] and the municipality

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
In the time after the [[Second World War]], the number of [[Agriculture|agricultural]] operations in Merzweiler shrank greatly, though the lands used for farming remained mostly preserved. Thus, the farms still in business simply got bigger. Primary income-earning operations mostly shifted to secondary income earners, but all together most of these businesses were reduced to a minimum. Workers therefore had to seek jobs outside the village. As mentioned above, in 1955, of the 56 active workforce members in Merzweiler, 48 had to [[Commuting|commute]] to jobs. The number of commuters has since risen.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
With certainty, schoolchildren from Merzweiler were being taught even before 1595, perhaps in a neighbouring village. From 1595 to 1762, schoolchildren attended the [[school]] in [[Herren-Sulzbach]], and thereafter the one in [[Grumbach]]. In 1909, the village got its own school. The schoolhouse still stands today, although the school that it housed was dissolved in 1969. The last schoolteacher was Adolf Bender. Until 2010, [[primary school]] pupils attended the primary school in [[Grumbach]]/[[Hoppstädten]], which has since been closed. The [[Hauptschule]] students went straight to the Hauptschule in [[Lauterecken]], and now, the primary school pupils, too, are taught in Lauterecken. The ''[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] Lauterecken'' is relatively easy to reach from Merzweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Merzweiler lies at a crossroads of ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 373 ([[Kappeln, Rhineland-Palatinate|Kappeln]]—[[Langweiler, Kusel|Langweiler]]), and ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 53 ([[Unterjeckenbach]]—[[Grumbach]]). ''Kreisstraße'' 67 towards [[Hoppstädten]] also branches off here. Running to the southwest is ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270. Langweiler and Grumbach each lie roughly 2 km away. The nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s at [[Kusel]] and [[Kaiserslautern]] are quite far away, and can be reached only after driving 35 to 45 km. Serving [[Lauterecken]] is a [[railway station]] on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7563 Transport]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050506091337/http://www.merzweiler.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Kreimbach-Kaulbach

2024-12-30T05:14:33Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Kreimbach kaulbach.gif → File:DEU Kreimbach-Kaulbach COA.svg GIF → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Kreimbach-Kaulbach COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|33|06|N|7|37|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Kreimbach-Kaulbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 220
|area = 9.05
|postal_code = 67757
|area_code = 06308
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 053
|mayor = Werner Gillmann
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Kreimbach-Kaulbach''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies on the river [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] (also called the Waldlauter, to distinguish it from other rivers in [[German language in Europe|German-speaking Europe]] named [[Lauter (disambiguation)|Lauter]]), southeast of the Königsberg in the [[North Palatine Uplands]]. Kreimbach lies on the river's right bank at an elevation of some 198 m above [[sea level]] near where the namesake brook, the Kreimbach, flowing by from the northeast, empties into the Lauter. The flat lands before the slopes leading up the Kreimberg (390 m) and the Kreimbacher Kalmit (408 m) together with the Leisberghügel (hill) are broader than the Kaulbach [[floodplain]] on the left bank because the lower end of the Kreimbach cuts through them, coming from the east. The Kreimberg is "torn up" on its south side by a great hard-stone quarry covering some 44.4 ha. On the heights above the Kaulbach [[railway station]], which has been out of service since late 2000, once lay within Kreimbach's limits a smaller quarry, one that yielded [[sandstone]], but this was given up even before the [[First World War]]. Another, bigger one was to be found on the Winterbach, which was shut down in the 1980s. It was from this pit that the stone for both the local [[church (building)|church]]es was drawn, as well as for the old Kaulbach schoolhouse and, at least for a considerable amount of the work, for the reconstruction of [[Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Alexander's]] Church (''{{ill|Alexanderskirche|de|3=Alexanderskirche (Zweibrücken)}}'') in [[Zweibrücken]] after the [[Second World War]].<ref>{{cite book |title=500 Jahre Alexanderskirche Zweibrücken, 1493-1993 : Betrachtungen zur Geschichte einer Kirche und einer Stadt |lang=de |trans-title=500 years of Alexander's Church Zweibrücken, 1493-1993: Reflections on the history of a church and a city |first=Richard B. |last=Hudlet |publisher=Protestantische Kirchengemeinde Zweibrücken-Mitte [Protestant parish of Zweibrücken-Mitte] |location=[[Zweibrücken]] |year=1993 |isbn=9783924171186 |oclc=34658300 |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34658300}}</ref> Both Kreimbach's and Kaulbach's southern limits touch [[Kaiserslautern]]. Above the quarries north of the Kreimbach, spreading across a high plateau, is the Heidenburg ("{{linktext|Heathen}} [[Castle]]"), a [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[refuge castle]] or fortified living area where a tall lookout tower also stands. Kaulbach lies on the lower reaches of its own namesake brook, the Kaulbach, on the Waldlauter's left bank. The Waldlauter thus runs between both the main centres, flowing in a great bow as it passes. Kaulbach arose on a rather small floodplain between the mouth of the Kaulbach and the bank of the Lauter. The [[Geology|geological]] setting points to long forsaken quarries, a sandstone quarry south of the Kaulbach and to the west a melaphyre quarry. The [[sedimentary rock]] was used mainly for building houses, while the [[volcanic rock]] was mainly used for building roads and [[railway]]s. The municipal area measures 904 ha, of which 434 ha is cropland and meadows, 5 ha is open water and 355 ha is wooded. Of the total, 372 ha is Kreimbach's.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Kreimbach-Kaulbach borders in the north on the town of [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], in the east on the municipality of [[Niederkirchen]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Olsbrücken]], in the south on the municipality of [[Frankelbach]], in the west on the municipality of [[Rothselberg]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]].

===Constituent communities===
Kreimbach-Kaulbach's ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' are, of course, Kreimbach and Kaulbach, but also belonging to Kreimbach-Kaulbach are the outlying homesteads of Wallackerhof and Palatia-Mälzerei. The latter's name identifies it as a [[malthouse]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Constituent communities]</ref>

===Municipality's layout===
Both the municipality's constituent communities have generally grown together to form a single residential area, although the village still clearly bears the marks of the former separateness. The Kreimbach floodplain is a major living area, explaining why this "half" of the village has a greater population figure. The brook and the railway line, too, stand between the village's two centres even today. There were once two [[railway station]]s, one in the north for Kreimbach and another in the south for Kaulbach. Since then, however, [[Deutsche Bahn]] [[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]] has closed these two stations and built a single one for both centres. Unlike the railway, the through road cuts across the bow in the river Lauter and leads straight through the ''Ortsteil'' of Kaulbach. The floor of the dale lies at an elevation of roughly 200 m above [[sea level]], while each end of the village, lying in side valleys, reach some 210 m above sea level. Each of the two centres still has its own village core, each one characterized by compact building made up of houses from the 19th century. While Kaulbach has opened two new building areas and is getting set to open a third, Kreimbach has only one small one. Given this, the two centres may eventually become more alike in size.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
History has unfolded much the same way for the two constituent communities. Important for Kreimbach are [[Celts|Celtic]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, roughly from 800 BC to AD 400. According to [[#Sons and daughters of the town|Ernst Christmann]], the Celts built a [[refuge castle]] on the Kreimberg plateau for times of discord and war, with a stone ringwall standing as its main feature. Enemies thus had to fight hard, uphill. Preserved from this time are an animal figure and a [[lance]] tip, as well as urns from both early and late [[La Tène culture|La Tène times]], now kept at the historical Museum of the Palatinate in [[Speyer]]. From this time comes the name "Heidenburg" ("Heathen Mountain") for the upper part of the Kreimberg. The Romans largely first took over the Celtic holding about 50 BC. Recalling their time in power is the [[Roman roads|Roman road]]. Only once the Romans found themselves more and more beset by [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribes]], foremost among these the [[Alemanni]], did they undertake to expand the plateau fortifications in the latter half of the 3rd century with walls, gates, palisades and a watchtower. The Heidenburg is thus believed to be the former foundations of a Roman [[Castra|castrum]].<ref>[http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/kreimbach-kaulbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Kreimbach-Kaulbach Kreimbach-Kaulbach’s history] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120918202146/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/kreimbach-kaulbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Kreimbach-Kaulbach |date=2012-09-18 }}</ref> Building blocks (one with a [[centaur]] figure) from a way knocked through a wall in the dale and finds of stones in the Heidenburg area are of the same material and thereby confirm that the stone was quarried from the dale. In the 1990s, extensive [[Archaeology|archaeological]] digs were undertaken that unearthed many finds, such as pots (and potsherds) and coins on the Kreimberg plateau. The foundations that were brought to light were [[Photography|photographed]], measured and mapped, only to be buried again to keep "collectors" from marring them. About the middle of the 4th century, likely after yet another Germanic invasion, the complex was destroyed. It may, however, of necessity have been repaired, at least partly, bearing witness to which are coins found there from the time about 400. The museum in Speyer keeps a complete smithy facility from the Heidenburg area with more than 40 tools. On the plateau's west side, local history lovers built a small lookout tower in the 19th century out of scattered stones from the castle. It offers a view of the Lauter valley and the Königsberg-Selberg area. A club, the ''Heidenburgverein'', keeps the castle in order. Its financial foundation during [[hiking]] season is a small [[inn]] and a roofed dancing area. After the Romans withdrew, according to Christmann, the [[Huns]] swept through the region – it was the second time – and what they left behind was a land virtually bereft of people. [[Franks|Frankish]] settlers first came to the Lauter valley, after having occupied the Glan valley, beginning about 600. Permanent settlement, though, only goes back to sometime in the 9th to 11th centuries, according to Christmann, and then beginning on the Lauter's left bank (Kaulbach), although this had already been the site of [[Michael (archangel)|Saint Michael's]] [[Chapel]] (''Michaelskapelle''), a meeting point for worshippers from all the places with names ending in ''—weiler'' up and down the river. From the left bank, the settlement spread out into farms laid out on the parts of the riverside flats over on the right bank that were not threatened by [[flood]]ing. Professor Christmann himself found in his own home village, Kaulbach, the oldest signs yet of human habitation from the [[New Stone Age]] on the hill still known today as ''Staane Mann'' (dialectal German for "Stone Man"; it would be ''Steinerner Mann'' in [[German language|Standard High German]]) in the form of three great remnant pieces of a [[menhir]] with an estimated age of between 3,000 and 4,000 years. Christmann supposes that the stones were broken up and then used to weight [[harrow (tool)|harrow]]s. The people of this time, the "Great Stone People" or "[[Megalith]] People" (Christmann uses the German name ''Großsteinleute'', but with quotation marks) seem to have disappeared utterly, and nothing is otherwise known about them. After the Romans withdrew, the [[Germanic peoples]] left behind fell victim to the Huns. All those who were not killed fled. The land was emptied of people, which shows up in the [[Archaeology|archaeological]] gap between 400 and 500. Then came the land-seeking Frankish [[clan]]s up from the [[Rhine]] through the [[Nahe (Rhine)|Nahe]], [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] and [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] valleys.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
The Franks reached the Lauter valley in the 7th and 8th centuries, founding their "''—weiler'' villages": [[Lohnweiler]], [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Reckweiler]], [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach|Oberweiler]], [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter|Rutsweiler]]. Christmann puts Kaulbach's beginnings sometime in the 9th to 11th centuries. According to him, the first settlement lay near the so-called Hanauer Hof (a name stemming from "Hagenau", ''Hag'' meaning "wood" and the ending having the same root as the Modern German word ''Aue'' – "floodplain"), where a house stands today, named "Hof-Hannickels". This ''Hof'' – "farm" or "estate", that is to say – belonged to the [[Benedictine]] [[monastery]] founded in [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Offenbach]] in 1150. The local settlers – and earlier those from the local area – had a "Frankish-heathen" place of worship out of which later grew Saint Michael's Chapel. All together, the two centres of Kreimbach and Kaulbach lay within the so-called ''Reichsland'' ("[[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Land") or ''Königsland'' ("King's Land") around [[Kaiserslautern]] for a long time, until, beginning in the 14th century it was pledged to a series of lordships, one after the other, with the two villages first passing to the [[County of Veldenz]] with the [[Electorate of Trier|Prince-Archbishopric of Trier]], although by the mid 15th century, they had become [[Electoral Palatinate]] holdings. These pledgings and further pledgings more or less match the ones that characterize [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein's]] history; it, after all, was the seat of an Electoral Palatinate ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' to which Kreimbach and Kaulbach also belonged.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Middle Ages]</ref> They also shared much of their history with their former court seat, [[Rothselberg]]. In 1309, Kreimbach had its first documentary mention, while Kaulbach had its in 1281.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Kaulbach’s first documentary mention]</ref>

===Modern times===
Over the next few centuries, Kreimbach's and Kaulbach's history unfolded in markedly dull fashion. Indeed, no chronicler noted anything that could be called spectacular. About the middle of the 16th century, the villages were pledged to the County of Sickingen, and then in the mid 17th century to the [[House of Palatinate-Simmern]]. By the mid 18th century, they belonged to [[Electoral Palatinate]], and did until [[Feudalism|feudal]] times ended in the [[French Revolution]]. In the villages' general upward development, there were from time to time great setbacks, such as the [[Thirty Years' War]] and [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest, notably the [[Nine Years' War]] (known in Germany as the ''Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg'', or War of the Palatine Succession). Steady upward growth set in once again only in the early 18th century.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
At the time of the [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary]] and [[Napoleon]]ic [[annexation]], Kreimbach and Kaulbach both belonged to the ''Mairie'' ("Mayoralty") of Rothselberg, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]), whose seat was at [[Mainz]]. After Napoleon's defeat and the [[Congress of Vienna]], yet another new territorial order came into force, which saw Kreimbach and Kaulbach grouped into the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] as of 1816. Kaulbach now became the seat of a ''Bürgermeisterei'' ("mayoralty"), which was moved to Kreimbach in 1955. Both villages suffered [[Casualty (person)|casualties]] in both world wars. In the [[First World War]], 17 men from Kreimbach fell, while Kaulbach lost 9. In the [[Second World War]], 39 men from Kreimbach were killed, as were 25 from Kaulbach. The most difficult period of post-war development fell into Emil Schäfer's, Otto Scheidt's, Willi Gödtel's and August Scheidt's terms in the Kreimbach mayoral office, while the mayors over in Kaulbach, Ludwig Scheidt, Ernst Hemmer and Klaus Pfleger, faced much the same difficulties at that same time. Klaus Pfleger was later the mayor of the amalgamated municipality of Kreimbach-Kaulbach for 20 years, until 1989. He was forced by mayoral age limit to withdraw from office and was succeeded by Rudi Geiß, who served until 1999. They had significant support from municipal officials Otto Steinhauer and Karlheinz Egerer. On 7 June 1969, the ''Bürgermeisterei'' ("Mayoralty") of Kreimbach was dissolved and the two hitherto self-administering municipalities of Kreimbach and Kaulbach were merged into one new one under the name Kreimbach-Kaulbach,<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/nach_themen/verlag/verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis 2006, Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110046/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/nach_themen/verlag/verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}, S. 183 (PDF)</ref> an arrangement under which the two ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' barely have any further administrative role.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
[[#Sons and daughters of the town|Ernst Christmann]] drew from the 12 "tax chickens" from Kreimbach that had to be paid to [[New Wolfstein Castle]] in 1497 the conclusion that this meant that there were also 12 households there at the time. Being a village of roughly the same size, and assuming four persons to each household, Kaulbach would have had some 50 inhabitants around 1500. Around 1600, Kaulbach had 14 hearths and Kreimbach 15, according to Forest Master Vellmann's description of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Wolfstein. Even 56 years after the [[Thirty Years' War]], in 1684, Kreimbach's population had still only reached half what it had been before the war. The same dire fate is assumed to have befallen Kaulbach, given that the village lay only just across the river Lauter from Kreimbach. A few lists of Kaulbach inhabitants liable to taxation show about ten for 1706, about fifteen for 1724 and about fifty for 1744. After a drop in population, it had reached back up to 32 by 1795 with some five persons in each family. Kreimbach had roughly 15 hearths (i.e. "households") in 1600. When farmland had become scarce and no longer yielded enough food for the growing population owing to the ongoing hereditary divisions with each generation, [[emigration]] began in the mid 18th century, first to the east, and then in the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th to the west, to the [[United States]]. Many of the more recent ties to those abroad manifested themselves in the time of need after 1945 in the form of aid packages from the USA. Also worthy of mention is the ''[[Musikantentum]]'' – the travelling musician industry – that took hold in the region in the latter half of the 19th century, which saw men from the village – including Ernst Christmann's own father – literally travel worldwide, even to [[China]] and [[Australia]], plying their musical trade.

The following tables show population development over the centuries for Kreimbach-Kaulbach, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Kreimbach-Kaulbach’s population development]</ref>

====Kreimbach====
The last two columns for Kreimbach show figures for Kreimbach-Kaulbach as a whole, after the two villages' amalgamation.
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1786 || 1792 || 1806 || 1815 || 1825 || 1835 || 1846 || 1871 || 1900 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 2000 || 2005
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 170 || 190 || 236 || 256 || 302 || 353 || 420 || 432 || 540 || 547 || 551 || 620 || 960 || 975
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   ||   ||   ||   || 16 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 57 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   ||   ||   ||   || 286 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 561 ||   ||  
|}

====Kaulbach====
Figures for the time after 1961 are given in the Kreimbach table above.
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1786 || 1792 || 1806 || 1815 || 1825 || 1835 || 1846 || 1871 || 1900 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 145 || 154 || 160 || 190 || 248 || 300 || 310 || 301 || 340 || 304 || 256 || 326
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   ||   ||   ||   || 43 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 59
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   ||   ||   ||   || 205 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 289
|}

===Municipality's names===

====Kreimbach====
Professor Dr. [[#Sons and daughters of the town|Ernst Christmann]] traced the first syllable of the name back to a form of the [[German language|German]] word ''Krähe'' ("crow") that has been corrupted over the centuries. This particular kind of bird may have found fruitful nesting grounds along the deep Kreimbach valley with its moist and therefore food-rich riverbanks. Crows also stand as a [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] in the municipal [[coat of arms]]. The following forms of the name are known from the past: ''Creynbach'' (1309), ''Kreyenbach'' (1389), ''Kreymbach'' (1457), ''Kreimbach'' (1597) and ''Crambach'' (1643). Since 1828, the only customary form has been Kreimbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Kreimbach’s name]</ref>

====Kaulbach====
Professor Dr. Ernst Christmann declared that the melaphyre stone west of the village on the north side of the Kaulbach (brook) has the characteristic of weathering into ever rounder shapes, shedding one layer after another, rather like an onion. The villagers' forebears called these rounded stones ''Kaulen'' or ''Kulen'', or later even ''Kugelen'' (resembling the modern German word for "ball" or "sphere"), thus giving the brook its name, a concept reinforced by many of these ''Kaulen'' being found on the brookbed. Kaulbach had its first documentary mention in 1281 as ''Culebach''. Other forms of the name are also known from the past: ''Kulbach'' (1345), ''Kullebach uff der Lauter'' (1446), ''Kaulenbach'' (1560), ''Coulbach'' (1580) and ''Kaulbach'' (1824).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Kaulbach’s name]</ref>

==Religion==
The numeric breakdown of denominations after the merger of the two villages of Kreimbach and Kaulbach can only be expressed for the two ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' together. According to older statistics, though, there was a great [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] majority in both villages, with a 10% [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] minority in Kreimbach and a 20% one in Kaulbach. The [[Protestantism|Protestant]] [[church (building)|church]] on the Kirchberg ("Church Hill") in Kaulbach stands on the spot once occupied by a pre-Christian place of worship dedicated to [[Wōden]], and later, before the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], it was consecrated to [[Michael (archangel)|Saint Michael]] (Wōden is widely identified with Michael). Still preserved is the churchtower, which has a peal of three bells. In the 15th century, the [[chapel]], which by then had fallen into disrepair, was replaced with a small church. By 1862, though, the church, too, had fallen into disrepair and had to be closed. After years of avoiding the matter and of holding church services in a classroom, the church that still stands today was built, and it was consecrated on 15 March 1874. The villagers belonged mainly to the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] Church before the Palatine Union, which saw that church unite with the [[Calvinism|Calvinists]], and they were assigned to the ''Zweikirche'' near [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]] ([[Rutsweiler an der Lauter|Rutsweiler]]). The seat of the Evangelical parish is nowadays at [[Rothselberg]]. Catholics still have to make a five-kilometre trip to Wolfstein to attend church, where indeed their parish seat has been since days of yore. In 1875 however, Pastor [[#Famous people associated with the municipality|Philipp Hammer]] succeeded in having [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Saint Mary's]] [[Chapel]] (''Marienkapelle'') built in the village out of his own personal resources. He also endowed one of the three bells. He is also buried next to the church. Each year on [[Visitation (Christianity)|Visitation]] Day (2 July) and [[Nativity of Mary]] (8 September), there are [[pilgrimage]]s in Kaulbach (see [[#Pilgrimage site|below]]). Kreimbach has never had its own church.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[proportional representation]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360705300.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>
{| class="wikitable" width="300"
! Year || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || WG 1 || WG 2 || Total
|- align="center"
| 2009 || 2 || 8 || 2 || 12 seats
|- align="center"
| 2004 || colspan="3"| by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] || 12 seats
|}

The "WGs" are voters' groups.

===Mayor===
Kreimbach-Kaulbach's mayor is Werner Gillmann.

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: {{lang|de|In geteiltem Schild oben in Silber rechts auf goldenem Dreiberg ein blaubedachter, gemauerter roter römischer Wachtturm mit goldenem Umgang, links ein rechtsgewendeter wachsender roter Wolf, unten von Rot, darin drei silberne Kugeln, und Silber, darin zwei steigende schwarze Krähen, durch Wellenlinien geteilt.}}

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Per fess argent dexter issuant from the line of partition a mount of three Or issuant from which a Roman watchtower masoned sable and roofed of the field with a deck of the second, sinister issuant from the line of partition a wolf rampant gules, and party per fess wavy gules three roundels of the first in fess and argent two crows displayed, beaks to chief, of the third.<ref>[http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/kreimbach-kaulbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Kreimbach-Kaulbach Description of Kreimbach-Kaulbach’s arms] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120918202146/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/kreimbach-kaulbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Kreimbach-Kaulbach |date=2012-09-18 }}</ref>

Given Kreimbach-Kaulbach's history of being two separate villages then thrust together, it is no surprise that it has a complicated heraldic history. Before the 1969 merger, Kreimbach bore arms with the Roman watchtower as the main [[charge (heraldry)|charge]], but it stood on a flat-topped green hill and had a wooden palisade around it in natural colour ("proper" in heraldry). The deck was also wooden in colour instead of gold. It also bore the two crows, but in sinister and dexter chief (that is, in the upper corners).

Before the merger, Kaulbach, too, bore its own arms. The blazon read as follows: ''Von Silber und Rot geteilt oben ein wachsender roter Wolf an einem aus dem linken Schildrand hervorbrechenden natürlichen Felsen anspringend, unten ein Schraglinkswellenbalken, belegt mit drei schwarzen Kugeln''. This might be rendered in English as: Per fess argent issuant from the line of partition a wolf rampant gules, his paws against a crag proper issuant from the line of partition and dexter, and gules a bend sinister wavy of the first charged with three roundels sable." The "bend sinister wavy" (wavy slanted stripe) represents the brook, while the roundels are a reference to the ''Kaulen'', the rounded stones mentioned [[#Municipality’s names|above]]. There had even once been an earlier coat of arms, albeit one never officially adopted. It bore the leaping wolf (a full view, not cut off at the waist) and the crag, with the wolf standing on green ground.

Kreimbach's<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Kreimbach Kreimbach’s old arms]</ref> and Kaulbach's<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Kaulbach Kaulbach’s old arms]</ref> old arms can all be seen at ''Heraldry of the World''.

After the amalgamation of Kreimbach and Kaulbach, a new "amalgamated" coat of arms was approved bearing charges from both former coats, which had themselves been approved less than a decade and a half earlier, in 1955 and 1956. The current coat's composition groups together the wolf charge, the round melaphyre stones and the wave from the old Kaulbach arms, and from the old Kreimbach arms come the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[Castra|castrum]] (without the palisade and partly in different [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s) and the two crows.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Description and explanation of Kreimbach-Kaulbach’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* ''Herz-Maria-Wallfahrtskapelle'' ("[[Immaculate Heart of Mary]] [[Pilgrimage]] [[Chapel]]"), Kapellenweg 31/33 – stone-block building with [[sacristy]] and former pilgrims' [[inn]], 1875; [[Crucifix]], Deacon Hammer's grave (see [[#Famous people associated with the municipality|below]]), stone [[altar]] and [[pulpit]]
* [[Protestantism|Protestant]] church, Bahnhofstraße 3a – [[Gothic architecture|Late Gothic]] quire tower, [[Dendrochronology|dendrochronologically]] dated to about 1490, [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] [[sandstone]]-block [[aisleless church]], 1872–1874, architect Johann Schmeisser, [[Kusel]]; characterizes village's appearance
* Lookout tower, north of the village – about 1900, with Roman [[spolia]]
* So-called ''Heidenburg'' ("Heathen Castle") (monumental zone) – [[Celts|Celtic]] [[refuge castle]] and Late Roman heights settlement; Roman cut stones and [[relief]] stones, possibly from about AD 260 or later, cistern

===Pilgrimage site===
[[File:Philipp Hammer Photo.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Dr. Philipp Hammer, about 1895]]
The historically separate village (now ''[[Ortsteil]]'') of Kaulbach is among the official pilgrimage sites of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kath.de/bistum/speyer/wallfahr/html/kaulbach.htm |title=Diocese of Speyer webpage about Kaulbach pilgrimage (German) |access-date=2012-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420085338/http://www.kath.de/bistum/speyer/wallfahr/html/kaulbach.htm |archive-date=2012-04-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On the ''Kapellenberg'' ("Chapel Hill") found there on Kapellenweg, the long-serving [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]] clergyman Philipp Hammer (see [[#Famous people associated with the municipality|below]]), who was also a religious writer, endowed the church ''Maria Hilf'' ("[[Mary Help of Christians]]") in 1875 with the [[royalties]] from his books, and he founded a pilgrimage. Dean Hammer, in his time a nationally famous speaker at great [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] events, lies buried near the chapel. Now and then, his friend from [[seminary]] days, [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Bishop of Trier]] [[Michael Felix Korum]] would show up, either to preach or hold services.

===Regular events===
The Kaulbach [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kaulbacher Kerwe'') is held in late July. After the Kreimbach kermis was given up, it was replaced with a village festival held yearly in late August, but in Kaulbach rather than Kreimbach. Another folk custom that can be mentioned is the ''Neujahr-Anschießen'' (roughly "shooting in the New Year") staged by several children's groups. Cultural events are held mainly at the community hall built in 1976.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Kreimbach-Kaulbach has the following clubs (as of 1997):<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Clubs]</ref>
*Countrywomen's club
*[[Fire brigade]] promotional association
*Fruitgrowing and [[gardening]] club
*Heidenburg beautification club
*[[Kindergarten]] promotional association
*Men's singing club
*[[Nursing]] club
*[[Shooting sport|Shooting]] club (''Schützenverein Kaulbach-Kreimbach 1958 [[Eingetragener Verein|e.V.]]'')
*[[Sport club]] (''SV 1961 Kaulbach-Kreimbach e.V.'')
*[[Table tennis]] club (''TTC Kreimbach-Kaulbach 1951 e.V.'')
*Women's [[choir]]

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
[[Agriculture]], once the foremost sector in Kreimbach-Kaulbach's economy, nowadays plays only a subordinate role. One important industrial operation is the ''Palatia'' [[malthouse]], which despite its importance does not employ very many people. Still important is the quarry, taken over in 1925 by the Rammelsbach quarrying operations, although likewise this does not employ very many people owing to [[rationalization (economics)|rationalization]] and [[automation]]. Moreover, a time when the yield will no longer be commercially worthwhile can already be foreseen. Businesses in the village itself include two electrical installation companies, one transport company, two grocery shops, a [[bakery]] and a window installation company. The village is also home to many [[Commuting|commuters]], most of whom work in [[Kaiserslautern]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
Originally, the pastors taught at the first village schools until eventually trained teachers were hired. In [[Rothselberg]], records show that a [[school]] had been established by 1684. [[#Sons and daughters of the town|Christmann]] presumed that school was also then being taught in Kaulbach, although schoolteachers for Kaulbach and Kreimbach were only first noted in records in 1717. At first, the schoolteachers taught in private houses. The first actual schoolhouse was built in 1823 for both villages on the site of the former Bohsung [[inn]] and [[Distillation|distillery]]. It was sold in 1847, and a successor building arose on the site of the Hanauer Hof. In 1877, a school for Kreimbach only was built, while Kaulbach schoolchildren continued lessons at the existing [[one-room school]]house. Kreimbach got a new schoolhouse in 1892, built next to the existing one so that there could be two classrooms. Over in Kaulbach, a new schoolhouse was built on the Pferdswiese ("Horse's Meadow"). Schooling still took place in Kaulbach in a one-room schoolhouse up until 1950. In 1960, a new school was built in Kreimbach for both Kreimbach and Kaulbach. The municipality had the schoolhouse on the Pferdswiese sold, and it is now used as a private house. The merger of the two schools contributed greatly to the drawing together of the two villages. In all the time until then, each village had steered its own course, not least of all because of the tax revenue that Kaulbach drew from the Palatia malthouse and that drawn by Kreimbach from the stone [[quarry]]. This growing together quickly reached the current arrangement with the two villages merged into one municipality. Today, [[primary school]] pupils and [[Hauptschule]] students attend their respective schools in [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]. The [[special school]]s responsible for Kreimbach-Kaulbach are to be found in [[Lauterecken]] (''Janusz-Korczak-Schule für Lernbehinderte'' – for children with learning difficulties) and [[Kusel]] (''Jakob-Muth-Schule für Geistigbehinderte'' – for children with mental handicaps). The [[vocational school]]s in Kusel, too, are responsible for Kreimbach-Kaulbach. The nearest [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] are in Kaiserslautern and Lauterecken, while a [[Realschule]] can be found in Kusel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Through the village runs ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270, which links [[Idar-Oberstein]] with [[Pirmasens]] by way of [[Kaiserslautern]]. The nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s are Kaiserslautern-Ost and Kaiserslautern-West, each just under 20 km away. Both Kreimbach and Kaulbach are linked by road to [[Rothselberg]], and onwards to [[Altenglan]] and [[Kusel]], as well as the Odenbach valley near [[Niederkirchen]]. The [[Lauter Valley Railway (Palatinate)|Lauter Valley Railway]] (''Lautertalbahn'') running through the village is still in service and links [[Lauterecken-Grumbach station|Lauterecken-Grumbach]] with the [[Kaiserslautern Central Station|main railway station in Kaiserslautern]], stopping at Kreimbach-Kaulbach station. Formerly, each of the municipality's two constituent villages had its own stop on this line, but [[Deutsche Bahn]] [[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]] has since closed both and built a common station for both centres.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
*'''Ernst Christmann''' (born 7 September 1885 in Kaulbach; d. 7 September 1974 in [[Kaiserslautern]]<ref>[http://alsterweiler.matthias-dreyer.de/index.php/Ernst_Christmann Ernst Christmann’s biographical information] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621052000/http://alsterweiler.matthias-dreyer.de/index.php/Ernst_Christmann |date=2013-06-21 }}</ref>) — In his birthplace, Kaulbach, Christmann attended the [[primary school]] and first worked at the stone quarry. He joined the Kaiserslautern teacher-training institute in 1899. He was a schoolteacher in [[Bellheim]] and [[Ludwigshafen]]. In 1907, he began a career at first as a teaching expert at his ''alma mater'', transferring to the ''Präparandenschule Kusel'' as a teacher trainer, later beginning studies in 1912 at [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]]. In 1916 he became a soldier. After coming home from the [[First World War]] and wartime imprisonment, he taught until 1936 as a lecturer at the Kaiserslautern teacher-training institute, where he was named a professor. He also lectured for two years at [[Heidelberg University]]. As a full member of the Palatine Society for the Promotion of the Sciences (''Pfälzische Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften''), he also served two years as secretary-general. Outside his official career, Christmann worked on many scientific projects, among many, ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz'', a work about Palatine placenames. He won high, and even the highest, distinctions.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Ernst Christmann]</ref> Many of the English-language Wikipedia articles about municipalities in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] reference his work. There is also a street named after Christmann in Kaiserslautern.<ref>[http://www.meinestadt.de/kaiserslautern/stadtplan/strasse/ernst-christmann-str. Ernst-Christmann-Straße, Kaiserslautern]</ref>

===Famous people associated with the municipality===
*'''Philipp Hammer''' (born 1837 in [[Gossersweiler-Stein|Stein]]; d. 1901 in [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]) — Hammer was a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] theologian, having studied in [[Innsbruck]] and been ordained a priest in 1861. He was chaplain in [[Frankenthal]] and [[Speyer]], later studying once again and graduating in Innsbruck. In 1863, he was given the pastoral post in [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], which he held until his death. Hammer was well known for his tough tone, and was nicknamed the "People's Preacher of Wolfstein", representing a strict Catholic viewpoint characterized by loyalty to the Pope. [[Otto von Bismarck]] himself sued Hammer for defamation. Of similar character were the contents of several religious-political writings that he published. For Kaulbach, Dr. Hammer became important for bringing about the building of "his" ''Marienkirche'' ([[church (building)|church]]), before which he was later buried (see '''[[#Pilgrimage site|Pilgrimage site]]''' above).

<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7552 Philipp Hammer]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://archive.today/20120918202146/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/kreimbach-kaulbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Kreimbach-Kaulbach Kreimbach-Kaulbach in the collective municipality's webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

User:ChryZ MUC/rauten challenge

2024-12-29T05:13:42Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen von Mitterfels.png → File:DEU Mitterfels COA.svg PNG → SVG

==Bayerische Rauten==
Um die Challenge zu bestehen, müsst Ihr folgende Bedingungen erfüllt haben:
* 1. Mindestens einen Fund in den Landkreisen Bayerns (32) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]] und Baden-Württembergs (2) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
* 2. Mindestens einen Fund in je einer Gemeinde Bayerns (von 87) {{tick|20}}, Baden-Württembergs (von 16) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]], Oberösterreich (von 10) {{tick|20}} und Rheinland-Pfalz (von 4 ''Verbandsgemeinden'') {{tick|20}}
* 3. Bild von Euch vor dem Wappen des Grafen von Bogen (siehe Waypoint) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
* 4. Mindestens 100 Punkte [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]], wobei die Gemeinden aus folgenden Regionen wie folgt zählen (Gewichtung ausgehend vom Final in München):
** Oberbayern: 1 Punkt
** Niederbayern, Schwaben und Tirol: 2 Punkte
** Mittelfranken, Oberösterreich und Oberpfalz: 3 Punkte
** Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Niederösterreich, Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland: 5 Punkte
** Belgien und Niederlande: 10 Punkte

{{Aligned table
|cols=3 |class=wikitable sortable
|col1align=left |col2align=center
|row1header=on
| Bundesland | Einheit | Anteil
| {{flag|Baden-Württemberg}} | Landkreise | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Bayern}} | Landkreise | {{Percentage bar| 94|30/32|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Baden-Württemberg}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/16|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Bayern}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 43|37/87|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Flemish Brabant}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Hessen}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Niederösterreich}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Oberösterreich}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 20|2/10|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Rheinland-Pfalz}} | Verbandsgemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 25|1/4|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Saarland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|South Holland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Tirol}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar|100|2/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Zeeland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
}}

Wer clever ist, kann mit einem Cache mehrere Bedingungen gleichzeitig erledigen: Bspw. zahlt eine gefundene Dose in Dasing mit 2 Punkten für Bedingung 4 ein und erledigt den Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg von Bedingung 1. Bzw. generell gilt: Wird noch ein Landkreis für Bedingung 1 benötigt, schaut gleich mal, ob es darin nicht eine Gemeinde gibt, für die Ihr Punkte für Bedingung 4 sammeln könnt.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:Wappen landkreis coburg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Coburg|Coburg]] || Landkreis || Oberfranken || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Karlsruhe (district).svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Karlsruhe|Karlsruhe]] || Landkreis || Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Miltenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Miltenberg|Miltenberg]] || Landkreis || Unterfranken || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis.svg|20px]] [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Landkreis || Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Abensberg.svg|20px]] [[Abensberg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Auerbach Oberpfalz.svg|20px]] [[Auerbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bad Abbach.svg|20px]] [[Bad Abbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Baernau.svg|20px]] [[Bärnau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Bammental.svg|20px]] [[Bammental]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bayerisch Gmain.svg|20px]] [[Bayerisch Gmain]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Beratzhausen.svg|20px]] [[Beratzhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of Arms Bretten (de).svg|20px]] [[Bretten]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Karlsruhe]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Burglengenfeld.svg|20px]] [[Burglengenfeld]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:WappenBürstadt.svg|20px]] [[Bürstadt]] || Gemeinde || [[Bergstraße (district)|Bergstraße]] || Hessen || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Eggenfelden.svg|20px]] [[Eggenfelden]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Rottal-Inn]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Elztal COA.svg|20px]] [[Elztal (Odenwald)]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Ergoldsbach coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Ergoldsbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Eschelbronn.svg|20px]] [[Eschelbronn]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|20px]] [[Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Eschlkam.svg|20px]] [[Eschlkam]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT Feldkirchen bei Mattighofen COA.png|20px]] [[Feldkirchen bei Mattighofen]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Feldkirchen (Niederbayern).svg|20px]] [[Feldkirchen (Niederbayern)]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Flossenbürg.svg|20px]] [[Flossenbürg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at franking.png|20px]] [[Franking]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Freihung.svg|20px]] [[Freihung]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Geiselhöring.svg|20px]] [[Geiselhöring]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Goes.svg|20px]] [[Goes]] || Gemeinde || [[Zeeland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Grafenau Ndb.jpg|20px]] [[Grafenau (Niederbayern)]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Grafenwöhr.svg|20px]] [[Grafenwöhr]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Hahnbach.svg|20px]] [[Hahnbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Blason Halle(Vlaams Brabant).svg|20px]] [[Halle (Belgien)|Halle]] || Stadt || [[Provinz Flämisch-Brabant]] || Belgien || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen-Hassmersheim.svg|20px]] [[Haßmersheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Heddesheim.svg|20px]] [[Heddesheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Heiligkreuzsteinach.svg|20px]] [[Heiligkreuzsteinach]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hirschau COA.svg|20px]] [[Hirschau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Hoeksche Waard wapen.svg|20px]] [[Hoeksche Waard (municipality)|Hoeksche Waard]] || Markt || [[South Holland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Hohenburg.png|20px]] [[Hohenburg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Inchenhofen.svg|20px]] [[Inchenhofen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kallmünz COA.svg|20px]] [[Kallmünz]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Kemnath.png|20px]] [[Kemnath]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kirchenthumbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Kirchenthumbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kohlberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Kohlberg (Oberpfalz)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kollnburg COA.svg|20px]] [[Kollnburg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kottgeisering COA.svg|20px]] [[Kottgeisering]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Laaber.svg|20px]] [[Laaber]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Lauterhofen COA.svg|20px]] [[Lauterhofen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Löwenstein COA.svg|20px]] [[Löwenstein]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Heilbronn]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at mauerkirchen.png|20px]] [[Mauerkirchen]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:CoA Meckesheim.svg|20px]] [[Meckesheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mitterfels COA.svg|20px]] [[Mitterfels]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Moosbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Moosbach (Oberpfalz)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT_Neuhofen_an_der_Ybbs_COA.png|20px]] [[Neuhofen an der Ybbs]] || Marktgemeinde || [[Bezirk Amstetten]] || Niederösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Neukirchen-Balbini COA.svg|20px]] [[Neukirchen-Balbini]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Neustadt an der Donau COA.svg|20px]] [[Neustadt an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Nittenau COA.svg|20px]] [[Nittenau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Nußloch.svg|20px]] [[Nußloch]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Obrigheim (Baden) COA.svg|20px]] [[Obrigheim (Baden)]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Oftersheim.svg|20px]] [[Oftersheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at ort im innkreis.png|20px]] [[Ort im Innkreis]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Otzberg.svg|20px]] [[Otzberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg]] || Hessen || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Painten COA.svg|20px]] [[Painten]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Peiting.svg|20px]] [[Peiting]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Pfeffenhausen coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Pfeffenhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Pförring COA.svg|20px]] [[Pförring]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Eichstätt]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Pleystein.svg|20px]] [[Pleystein]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Prackenbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Prackenbach]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Pressath COA.svg|20px]] [[Pressath]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Reimerswaal.svg|20px]] [[Reimerswaal (municipality)|Reimerswaal]] || Gemeinde || [[Zeeland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen-ried innkreis.png|20px]] [[Ried im Innkreis]] || Stadt || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU VG Rheinauen COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Rheinauen]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ruhmannsfelden COA.svg|20px]] [[Ruhmannsfelden]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Sandhausen COA.svg|20px]] [[Sandhausen]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Schefflenz COA.svg|20px]] [[Schefflenz]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Schönberg.png|20px]] [[Schönberg (Niederbayern)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Schongau COA.svg|20px]] [[Schongau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Simbach.svg|20px]] [[Simbach (bei Landau)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU VG Simmern-Rheinboellen COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT Spitz in der Wachau COA.svg|20px]] [[Spitz, Austria|Spitz in der Wachau]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Krems-Land]] || Niederösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at st georgen bei obernberg am inn.png|20px]] [[St. Georgen bei Obernberg am Inn]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU St.Ingbert COA.svg|20px]] [[St. Ingbert]] || Stadt || [[Saarpfalz-Kreis]] || Saarland || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at st willibald.png|20px]] [[St. Willibald]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Schärding]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tännesberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Tännesberg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at taiskirchen im innkreis.png|20px]] [[Taiskirchen im Innkreis]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tittling COA.svg|20px]] [[Tittling]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Passau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Vilshofen COA.svg|20px]] [[Vilshofen an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Passau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Weinheim.svg|20px]] [[Weinheim]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Wiesloch.svg|20px]] [[Wiesloch]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Zachenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Zachenberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|}

==Gemeinden==
===Oberbayern (16 Punkte – 1 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen Bad Aibling.png|[[Bad Aibling]]
File:Wappen von Bad Heilbrunn.svg|[[Bad Heilbrunn]]
File:Bad Reichenhall - Wappen.svg|[[Bad Reichenhall]]
File:Wappen von Bayrischzell.svg|[[Bayrischzell]]
File:Wappen Berchtesgaden.svg|[[Berchtesgaden]]
File:Wappen von Freising.svg|[[Freising]]
File:Fürstenfeldbruck Wappen.svg|[[Fürstenfeldbruck]]
File:Wappen Grünwald.svg|[[Grünwald, Bavaria|Grünwald]]
File:Wappen Herrsching.svg|[[Herrsching am Ammersee|Herrsching]]
File:DEU Kösching COA.svg|[[Kösching]]
File:Wappen Marktl.png|[[Marktl]]
File:DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg|[[Neuburg an der Donau]]
File:DEU Oberschleißheim COA.svg|[[Oberschleißheim]]
File:Olching.svg|[[Olching]]
File:DEU Pähl COA.svg|[[Pähl]]
File:DEU Schrobenhausen COA.svg|[[Schrobenhausen]]
</gallery>

===Mittelfranken (3 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Ottensoos COA.svg|[[Ottensoos]]
</gallery>

===Niederbayern (14 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen von Deggendorf.svg|[[Deggendorf]]
File:Wappen Dingolfing.svg|[[Dingolfing]]
File:Geisenhausen LA coat of arms.svg|[[Geisenhausen]]
File:DEU Plattling COA.svg|[[Plattling]]
File:Velden Vils coat of arms.svg|[[Velden (Vils)]]
File:Wappen Vilsbiburg.svg|[[Vilsbiburg]]
File:DEU Zwiesel COA.svg|[[Zwiesel]]
</gallery>

===Oberpfalz (12 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Cham COA.svg|[[Cham, Germany|Cham]]
File:Wappen Furth im Wald.svg|[[Furth im Wald]]
File:DEU Lupburg COA.svg|[[Lupburg]]
File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|[[Schwandorf]]
</gallery>

===Schwaben (18 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen Dasing.svg|[[Dasing]]
File:Wappen Grossaitingen.svg|[[Großaitingen]]
File:Wappen von Gundelfingen an der Donau.svg|[[Gundelfingen an der Donau]]
File:Wappen von Günzburg.svg|[[Günzburg]]
File:Wappen von Höchstädt a. d. Donau.svg|[[Höchstädt an der Donau]]
File:Olching.svg|[[Olching]]
File:DEU_Rain_COA.svg|[[Rain (Lech)|Rain]]
File:Wappen Thierhaupten.svg|[[Thierhaupten]]
File:DEU Wertingen COA.svg|[[Wertingen]]
</gallery>

===Oberösterreich (6 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|[[Braunau am Inn]]
File:Wappen at Ostermiething.png|[[Ostermiething]]
</gallery>

===Rheinland-Pfalz (5 Punkte – 5 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Loreley COA.svg|[[Verbandsgemeinde Loreley|Loreley]]
</gallery>

===Tirol (4 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen at niederndorferberg.png|[[Niederndorferberg]]
File:Wappen at rettenschoess.png|[[Rettenschöss]]
</gallery>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg|20px]] [[Bayern]] || Bundesland || || || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bezirk Niederbayern.svg|20px]] [[Niederbayern]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Oberbayern.svg|20px]] [[Oberbayern]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Oberpfalz.svg|20px]] [[Oberpfalz]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg|Aichach-Friedberg]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Altoetting COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Altötting|Altötting]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Amberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Amberg]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bad Aibling.png|20px]] [[Bad Aibling]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Rosenheim]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bad Toelz-Wolfratshausen.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen|Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Cham COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Cham|Cham]] || Landkreis || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land|Berchtesgadener Land]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bayreuth2.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Bayreuth|Bayreuth]] || Landkreis || Oberfranken || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Cham COA.svg|20px]] [[Cham (Oberpfalz)|Cham]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Dachau.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Dachau|Dachau]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau|Dingolfing-Landau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Donau-Ries COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Donau-Ries|Donau-Ries]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Eichstätt COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Eichstätt|Eichstätt]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Freising COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Freising|Freising]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Erding COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Erding|Erding]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau|Freyung-Grafenau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen|Garmisch-Partenkirchen]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Kelheim.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Kelheim|Kelheim]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landsberg am Lech.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Landsberg am Lech|Landsberg am Lech]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landshut.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Landshut|Landshut]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Lindau Bodensee COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Lindau (Bodensee)|Lindau (Bodensee)]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Muenchen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis München|München]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Passau COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Passau|Passau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm|Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Regen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Regen|Regen]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Regensburg COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Regensburg|Regensburg]] || Landkreis || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Rosenheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Rosenheim|Rosenheim]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Starnberg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Starnberg|Starnberg]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Straubing COA.svg|20px]] [[Straubing]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Straubing-Bogen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen|Straubing-Bogen]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Unterallgaeu.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Unterallgäu|Unterallgäu]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|20px]] [[Weiden in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bad Heilbrunn.svg|20px]] [[Bad Heilbrunn]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Bad Reichenhall - Wappen.svg|20px]] [[Bad Reichenhall]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bayrischzell.svg|20px]] [[Bayrischzell]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Miesbach]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Berchtesgaden.svg|20px]] [[Berchtesgaden]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|20px]] [[Braunau am Inn]] || Stadt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Dasing.svg|20px]] [[Dasing]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Freising.svg|20px]] [[Freising]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Freising]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Fürstenfeldbruck Wappen.svg|20px]] [[Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Furth im Wald.svg|20px]] [[Furth im Wald]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Geisenhausen LA coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Geisenhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Grossaitingen.svg|20px]] [[Großaitingen]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Augsburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Grünwald.png|20px]] [[Grünwald]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis München]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Günzburg.svg|20px]] [[Günzburg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Günzburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Gundelfingen an der Donau.svg|20px]] [[Gundelfingen an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Höchstädt a. d. Donau.svg|20px]] [[Höchstädt an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Kösching COA.svg|20px]] [[Kösching]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Eichstätt]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Loreley COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Loreley|Loreley]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Marktl.png|20px]] [[Marktl]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Altötting]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg|20px]] [[Neuburg an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at niederndorferberg.png|20px]] [[Niederndorferberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Kufstein]] || Tirol || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberschleißheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberschleißheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis München]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Olching.svg|20px]] [[Olching]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at Ostermiething.png|20px]] [[Ostermiething]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Ottensoos COA.svg|20px]] [[Ottensoos]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Nürnberger Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Pähl COA.svg|20px]] [[Pähl]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Rain COA.svg|20px]] [[Rain (Lech)]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Donau-Ries]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at rettenschoess.png|20px]] [[Rettenschöss]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Kufstein]] || Tirol || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Schrobenhausen COA.svg|20px]] [[Schrobenhausen]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|20px]] [[Schwandorf]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Thierhaupten2.svg|20px]] [[Thierhaupten]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Augsburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Velden Vils coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Velden (Vils)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Vilsbiburg.svg|20px]] [[Vilsbiburg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Zwiesel COA.svg|20px]] [[Zwiesel]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
|}

== Ortsgemeinden Rheinland-Pfalz ==

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:DEU Albersweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Albersweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Altrip COA.svg|20px]] [[Altrip]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Argenthal COA.svg|20px]] [[Argenthal]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Bacharach COA.svg|20px]] [[Bacharach]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Barbelroth COA.svg|20px]] [[Barbelroth]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Bellheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Bellheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Biebelnheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Biebelnheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Dittelsheim-Heßloch.png|20px]] [[Dittelsheim-Heßloch]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Dörrenbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Dörrenbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Dörscheid COA.svg|20px]] [[Dörscheid]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Edenkoben COA.svg|20px]] [[Edenkoben]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Einselthum COA.svg|20px]] [[Einselthum]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ellern COA.svg|20px]] [[Ellern (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Flörsheim-Dalsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Flörsheim-Dalsheim]] || Ortsgeimeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Frankweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Frankweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Frettenheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Frettenheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Gehrweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Gehrweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hallgarten COA.svg|20px]] [[Hallgarten (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hangen-Weisheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Hangen-Weisheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hergersweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Hergersweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hinterweidenthal COA.svg|20px]] [[Hinterweidenthal]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südwestpfalz]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Holzbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Holzbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Horn COA.svg|20px]] [[Horn (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kaub COA.svg|20px]] [[Kaub]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Külz COA.svg|20px]] [[Külz (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Manubach COA.svg|20px]] [[Manubach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Maxdorf COA.svg|20px]] [[Maxdorf]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Meckenheim (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Meckenheim (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Dürkheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mengerschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Mengerschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mölsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Mölsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mutterschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Mutterschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Niedermoschel COA.svg|20px]] [[Niedermoschel]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Niederotterbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Niederotterbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberdiebach COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberdiebach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberndorf (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberotterbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberotterbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ohlweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Ohlweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ottersheim bei Landau COA.svg|20px]] [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Rayerschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Rayerschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Reifenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Reifenberg]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südwestpfalz]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ruppertsecken COA.svg|20px]] [[Ruppertsecken]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Simmern COA.svg|20px]] [[Simmern/Hunsrück]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tiefenbach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|20px]] [[Tiefenbach (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Veldenz.svg|20px]] [[Veldenz]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Volxheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Volxheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|20px]] [[Wachenheim an der Weinstraße]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Bad Dürkheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Walsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Walsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Westheim (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Winden.png|20px]] [[Winden (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wonsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Wonsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wüschheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Wüschheim (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
|}

Jettenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate

2024-12-29T05:07:02Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Jettenbach.gif → File:DEU Jettenbach (Pfalz) COA.svg GIF → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|name = Jettenbach
|image_coa = DEU Jettenbach (Pfalz) COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|32|08|N|7|33|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Jettenbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 355
|area = 10.24
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06385, 06387
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 048
|website = [http://www.jettenbach.de/ www.jettenbach.de]
|mayor = Timo Harth<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Jettenbach''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] which belongs to the federal state of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] in [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Topographically, the municipality lies in the [[North Palatine Uplands]]. The original village of Jettenbach grew in the valley of an eponymous brook, the Jettenbach, from which it took its name. Quite early on, a [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] regular route linking [[Landstuhl]] to [[Trier]] following the nearby ridge running parallel to the brook was established as a roadway. To the south of the village rises the ''Spannagelberg'' (449.5 m above [[sea level]]) and to the north, the ''Potschberg'' (formerly 492 m above sea level). South of the village, the ''Rutzenbach'' and the ''Selchenbach'' streams flow together to form the ''Jettenbach'', which then flows north through the village, later emptying into the ''Talbach'', another stream near [[Eßweiler]]. To the southeast, the ridge of the ''Imberg'' (almost 450 m above sea level) borders the valley. The village's average elevation is reckoned at 355.6 m above sea level. The municipality covers 1 025 ha, of which 69 ha is used for dwelling or transport, 593 ha is under [[Agriculture|agricultural]] use and 322 ha is made up of meadows or woodland.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Jettenbach is bordered on its north by the municipality of [[Eßweiler]], in the east by the municipality of [[Rothselberg]], in the southeast by the municipality of [[Kollweiler]], in the southwest by the municipality of [[Reichenbach-Steegen]], and in the west by the municipality of [[Bosenbach]].

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Jettenbach are the outlying homesteads listed below. They are all ''[[Aussiedlerhöfe]]'' (agricultural settlements) established after the [[Second World War]] to increase food production.

{| style="background:black; color:black"
|+ '''Jettenbach's ''Aussiedlerhöfe'''''<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Constituent communities]</ref>
|-
| bgcolor="aaaa40"| {{center|'''Name'''}} || bgcolor="aaaa40"| {{center|'''Built'''}} || bgcolor="aaaa40"| {{center|'''Given up'''}} || bgcolor="aaaa40"| {{center|'''Remarks'''}}
|-
| bgcolor="aaffaa"| {{center|Gangelborner Hof}} || bgcolor="aaffaa"| {{center|~1958}} || bgcolor="aaffaa"| {{center|2005}} || bgcolor="aaffaa"| {{center|—}}
|-
| bgcolor="aaddaa"| {{center|Korbüscher Hof}} || bgcolor="aaddaa"| {{center|1971}} || bgcolor="aaddaa"| {{center|—}} || bgcolor="aaddaa"| [[Equestrianism|Riding]] [[stable]] since 1995
|-
| bgcolor="aaffaa"| {{center|Mühlhof}} || bgcolor="aaffaa"| {{center|1959}} || bgcolor="aaffaa"| {{center|—}} || bgcolor="aaffaa"| Still worked
|-
| bgcolor="aaddaa"| {{center|Röhlhof}} || bgcolor="aaddaa"| {{center|1965}} || bgcolor="aaddaa"| {{center|2000}} || bgcolor="aaddaa"| {{center|—}}
|-
| bgcolor="aaffaa"| {{center|Stennenhof}} || bgcolor="aaffaa"| {{center|1974}} || bgcolor="aaffaa"| {{center|—}} || bgcolor="aaffaa"| Livestock raising until 2004;<br />now cropraising, meadows<br />and [[reforestation]]
|}

===Municipality’s layout===
Jettenbach is a former farming village, and also one of the villages known for ''[[Musikantentum]]'', an industry that formerly sent local musicians all over the world. The village also had regional craft businesses. In earlier times, the village displayed two types of layout depending on whether one viewed it from the east end or the west, with the former layout like a clump village and the latter like a linear village (or by some definitions, a "thorpe"). Rising above the village centre on a small hillock is the [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] village [[church (building)|parish church]], built in 1895-1896, which, owing to the great many ''Wandermusikanten'' ("travelling musicians") at one time, is also widely known as the ''Musikantendom'' ("Musicians’ Cathedral", although it is not a bishop's seat). Next to it stands the [[Art Nouveau]] Leonhard [[Villa]], known in Jettenbach as the ''Schlösschen'' ("Little Palace"). In 1989, the new village square with its ''Musikantenbrunnen'' – a fountain dedicated to the musicians of yore – was completed at the heart of the village. At the south end of the village, a community recreation area has been under development since 1978. It has a [[swimming pool]] (first established by the Nazis in the 1930s), a grass sports ground, and two clay [[tennis]] courts. Accompanying the new village [[primary school]] is a multipurpose community centre for school sports and other leisure activities. Still in its planning stages is an expansion of a disused rural pathway which is to be repurposed as an educational nature walk with a [[dry stone]] wall, featuring various portions of its length in different conditions to host a variety of flora and fauna for visitors to observe.

The local cemetery lies on the way out of the village going towards [[Bosenbach]] on the left side of the road.

Today Jettenbach is a [[Commuter town|bedroom]] and [[recreation]]al community with only a few local jobs.

In 1714, an ''Erbbestandsbrief'' (document establishing a hereditary trading place)(''Erbbestand'' is a uniquely German land tenure arrangement in which ownership rights and usage rights are separated; this is forbidden by law in modern Germany) was first issued for a small mill north of the village. This mill was refurbished before 1800 and expanded with a farming operation. It never had anything more than local importance, though, because there was only ever enough water to drive it in the winter months. The mill closed about 1930, and torn down in 1958-1959.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Evidence of local inhabitants in and around Jettenbach includes almost every period back to the [[Stone Age]]. Of particular note is a settlement hub from the [[Middle Stone Age]] which was archaeologically surveyed and analysed over several years. For centuries, Stone Age people camped along the ridge east of the "Witthau" forest. One [[Archaeology|archaeological]] find witnessing their presence, a small-bladed knife dates from the late [[Old Stone Age]]. At the same site, which was visited several times in the early 1990s, [[Artifact (archaeology)|artefacts]] mainly from the Middle Stone Age were excavated. Only sporadic items were found to date from the [[New Stone Age]].

From the [[Bronze Age]] and the [[Iron Age]] come the remnants of [[Tumulus|barrows]] in the ''Jungenwald'' (woods) between Jettenbach and [[Kollweiler]]. Little of these mounds’ contents survives. Among the remnants, however, are an axe and a sacrificial blade. Discovered on the ''Wingertsberg'' (mountain) was a grave field dated to early [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times. On the peak of the ''Potschberg'', now been stripped away by stone quarrying, the remnants of a mountain sanctuary from the 2nd or 3rd century AD (Roman period) were found in 1965. Three Roman-era homesteads lay within Jettenbach's current limits with others are suspected. Quite a few coins from the first to the fourth centuries A.D. have been unearthed locally as a result of land surveys along with water pipes and a 5 cm-tall 2nd-century [[bronze]] figure of the god [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]].

Two settlement complexes were examined in greater detail. By 1960, a settlement was found on the municipality's western border with Bosenbach, and an [[Archaeology|archaeological]] dig was undertaken. Unearthed here were wall remnants, waste, clay waterpipes and pieces of little heating pipes, leading investigators to conclude that it was a settlement from the 2nd and 3rd centuries. A more thorough investigation was completed at the settlement complex on the ''Trautmannsberg'' (or ''Trautelsberg'', but, in either case, a mountain). Here, in 2002-2003, preparations to lay a long-distance gas pipeline facilitated an intensive investigation of the designated ground area. The site proved to house a remarkably large complex of Roman structures over what was a possible temple zone and a [[villa rustica]], accompanied by many outbuildings. An adjoining area of about one hectare was placed under a protection order.

The pipeline route excavations revealed building work from [[Celts|Celtic]] forerunner buildings, including remnants of posts from [[pit-house]]s. In 1995, an urn graveyard from the early Roman period was found to have existed on the ''Wingertsberg'' (mountain).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Antiquity]</ref>

After the Roman withdrawal, the current Jettenbach area was uninhabited for several centuries. Only at [[Franks|Frankish]] takeover did people settle the area once again.

===Middle Ages===

History is silent as to the precise date of Jettenbach's establishment. It is believed to date to before the year 1000, but is first mentioned in a document from 1348 (a full transcription of the document in question, in archaic German, can be found in the [[:de:Jettenbach (Pfalz)|German article]]). At that time, Jettenbach belonged to the extensive area of the ''Reichsland'' ("Imperial Land") near [[Kaiserslautern]], which was already subdivided into separate court districts (''Gerichte''). Jettenbach belonged to the ''Gericht'' (or ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'') of Deinsberg (Theißberg). Later, this ''Amt'' was described as the ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' (judicial district) of Reichenbach, and for a time also as the ''Jettenbacher Gericht''. This may well have something to do with where the ''[[Schultheiß]]’s'' seat was at any given time.

Another document, from 1393, shows that the village once compromised two centres, ''Obergittenbach'' and ''Niedergittenbach''. The latter is today's village. The location of the first is, however, as yet uncertain. According to oral tradition, it lay at the forks of the ''Rutzenbach'' and the ''Selchenbach'', the municipality's two brooks.

From the first half of the 14th century, the ''Gericht'' of Deinsberg belonged to the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]]. At the time, two brothers, Count Heinrich III and Count Friedrich II, divided their holdings, with the village and its ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' seat and associated villages passing to the former. In the letters patent bestowing these holdings upon Count Friedrich III, however, Jettenbach was part of the combined ''Amt'' of Reichenbach and Deinsberg, and was split into ''Ober-Gittenbach'' and ''Nieder-Gittenbach''. After the Counts of Veldenz died out in 1444, the village, along with the rest of the ''Amt'' of Reichenbach, passed to the Dukes of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1543, Jettenbach passed to the newly formed Principality of Palatinate-Veldenz, headquartered at [[Lauterecken]], with its princely ''Residenz'' (and hence, the principality was also known as Veldenz-Lauterecken). Clearer details of village history only emerge from this time.

The [[Thirty Years' War]] spelt disaster for Jettenbach, as for so many villages. Given the village's location some way off the military roads, it was possible, if only temporarily, for people to remain there. Due to various factors, it appears, however, that the village was largely destroyed, and that three quarters of the local population fell victim to the war or consequent disease. Refugees sought safety within the walls of Lauterecken, the princely family's residence town.

War's end saw the influx of new settlers to the village to make up for these losses as is witnessed by names in documents. These new villagers intermarried with surviving locals. All soon had to share the ravages of war occasioned by fresh hostilities.

[[France|French]] King [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest brought the villagers such woe that at times things were as bad as they had been in the Thirty Years' War. The princely House of Veldenz was powerless to do anything about these privations.

In 1694, the princely house's last male dynast died in [[Strasbourg]]. From his death arose a dispute between the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] and the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] as to who was his rightful heir and inheritor of his former domains. The Elector Palatine's troops quickly [[Military occupation|occupied]] the ''Amt'' of Lauterecken and the ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' of Reichenbach after the French withdrawal in 1697. The succession struggle, however, was not resolved until 1733.

After centuries of war, disease, and hardship, only in the early 18th century did Jettenbach reach its former size. But by then the villagers had already begun to turn their backs on it. As early as 1708-1709, one Jettenbach family had left the village for fresh opportunities in America. In the late 18th century, many individuals and families sought better incomes in the [[Austrian Empire|Danube Monarchy]] and [[Russia]].

In a compromise between the two princely houses competing to inherit the locality, it was agreed that, from 1733, Jettenbach would be ceded permanently to the Electorate of the Palatinate. This arrangement, however, did not long endure. From the turn of the nineteenth century, [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary]] intervention swept away the arrangements of historical ruling class and with it their traditional lordship over Jettenbach. This period, and the [[Napoleon]]ic era which followed it saw the region under French rule for a further period.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the years of the [[French Revolution]], the ''Mairie'' ("mayoralty") of Jettenbach comprised the villages of [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Albersbach]], [[Eulenbis]], Jettenbach, [[Kollweiler]] and [[Schwedelbach|Pörrbach]]. Under the [[France|French]], the mayoralty belonged to the French [[Cantons of France|canton]] of Wolfstein, the [[Arrondissements of France|arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern, and the [[Departments of France|department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]).

For a time, under [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary]] and [[Napoleon]]ic rule, village emigration ceased. Instead, Jettenbach had to endure a period characterised by the influx of troops on the march, their demands for supplies and their presence when stationed or billeted in the village. On 4 January 1794, troops plundered the village taking everything, not just food and livestock, but even villagers’ household items right down to their clothes.

During Napoleon's campaigns, as French subjects, men from Jettenbach were required to serve as soldiers for the [[First French Empire|Napoleon's empire]], doing so throughout [[Europe]]. The empire's downfall brought Jettenbach renewed burdens, with German troops stationed in the village, and the presence of Russian troops during their post-war withdrawal. Under the post-war settlement devised by the [[Congress of Vienna]], which took effect in 1816, the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] was [[Annexation|annexed]] to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. Thenceforth, Jettenbach belonged to the canton of Wolfstein and the ''Landkommissariat'' of Kusel. Only Kollweiler (until about 1890), and Albersbach (until 1969), remained in the ''Bürgermeisterei'' ("mayoralty") of Jettenbach. Jettenbach remained part of the canton of Wolfstein into the 20th century.

In the early 19th century, a marked rise in Jettenbach's population, and the traditional practice of subdividing the land into smaller and smaller parcel by generations of inheritance, led to the economic downfall of many farming families in Jettenbach. This forced many to seek other livelihoods. A surplus of artisans and crafts-folk unable to sell most of their wares led to further waves of emigration in the mid-19th century. Almost exclusively, the emigrants flocked to the [[United States]]. The last wave of village emigration involving about 200 people occurred in the 20th century's [[interwar]] period.

Isolated as an [[exclave]] of the Kingdom of Bavaria, the Palatinate experienced unique economic problems. This led to local efforts to split the Palatinate from Bavaria, culminating in the 1849 [[Palatine Uprising]]. In Jettenbach, candidate-teacher, Jettenbach-born Ludwig Heinrich Hauber promoted his ideas of Palatine separatism and freedom taking leave from his post in [[Katzweiler]] to dedicate himself to the cause. Hauber's efforts were centred on the canton of Wolfstein where he concentrated on fundraising and organising the ''[[Landsturm]]'' (people's army).

In Jettenbach itself, a well-attended people's assembly took place on 10 June 1849 in the "Strieth" woods. The next day, Hauber mobilised the ''Landsturm'' to repel the advancing [[Prussia]]ns. With few guns at their disposal, most relied on farm implements such as [[scythe]]s, [[pitchfork]]s, and [[Flail (tool)|flail]]s. Armed with these primitive weapons, they hoped to beat the Prussian army. These volunteers agreed on the precaution that at the first sign of danger they would return to their homes, promptly doing so as the Prussians drew nearer. Deserted by his troops, and before seeing a single Prussian, Hauber decided to flee. In Jettenbach, the "Palatine Revolution" was a complete non-starter.

Until the last third of the 19th century, Jettenbach's economic development was negligible. Small improvements came after the [[Franco-Prussian War]] partly due to the ''Wandermusikanten''. This saw whole orchestras from Jettenbach seeking their livelihood elsewhere by performing across of Europe and other parts of the world. Their added [[buying power]] and consequent upsurge in building activity was primarily responsible for an improved economic outlook. Whole rows of buildings went up and village life was reinvigorated. By the turn of the 20th century, Jettenbach had over one thousand inhabitants.

This short golden period ended with the outbreak of the [[First World War]]. Many men from Jettenbach were conscripted to fight for the [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser]]. Many never came home. After the war, times were hard, with few job opportunities.

From 1926/27, some villagers, mainly young men, flirted with [[Nazi Party|National Socialism]]. About 1929, there was already a local Nazi [[Clandestine cell system|cell]] in Jettenbach, allied to the local group (''Ortsgruppe'') in Kollweiler, founded in 1928. In 1933, when [[Adolf Hitler]] [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], the Nazis gained control of every seat on the municipal council. The Nazis provided make-work projects benefiting the jobless. The Jettenbach – the village's namesake brook – was straightened and lined with bricks, and a "bathing pond" was built. Gradually orders grew for the local [[quarry]] belonging to neighbouring [[Eßweiler]]. Eventually it employed over 600 workers.

With the outbreak of the [[Second World War]], most men fit for service were conscripted. The shortfall in [[Agriculture|agricultural]] labour was offset by [[Prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] from [[France]] and slave labour from the German-occupied territories in Eastern Europe. Jettenbach went through the war unscathed by direct military action, though near war's end, as [[Wehrmacht|German troops]] withdrew ahead of the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] advance, they were often billeted temporarily in Jettenbach. The last German troops left Jettenbach about midday on 17 March 1945. Outside the village, they quickly found themselves under attack by [[United States Army Air Forces|American airmen]]. Just over two days later, the first [[United States Army]] troops arrived in the village.

Of all the changes that Jettenbach has undergone, the post-war ones have been the most far-reaching. Pre-war Jettenbach was a village of farmers, craftsmen, musicians, and workers. Post-war, these old economic foundations changed within a few years for most people. But even before World War II the high period of the ''Musikantentum'' had already ended. Some ''Musikanten'' dreamt of a revival, but reality forced them to realise these glory days were over.

By the early 1950s, a shift in Jettenbach's economic foundations saw increasing numbers employed beyond the village with new jobs at places such as the [[United States Armed Forces]] in [[Kaiserslautern]], [[Ramstein Air Base|Ramstein]], and Miesau.

An upturn in the construction industry created further jobs. In Jettenbach, the farm sector shrank steadily. This also affected the associated handicraft sector with which it had close business links. Today, visitors see a village that is almost entirely residential. Farming can now only be seen at one of the so-called ''Aussiedlerhöfe'' (farming hamlets established in modern times), two of which have already closed.

In 1972, Jettenbach was grouped into the newly formed [[Wolfstein (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Wolfstein]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Recent times]</ref>

Few handicraft businesses remain. A [[butcher]]'s shop and grocery with baked goods ensures the availability of basic local foodstuffs.

The stone quarry run by Basalt [[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]] is the village's economic mainstay. Here, the stone is processed and then either stored in [[silo]]s for sale or stockpiled in a storage area for onward transport. The yearly yield can be up to 600,000 metric tons. The quarry business linked to a [[bitumen]] mixing complex.

Jettenbach's best showing to date in the contest ''Unser Dorf soll schöner werden'' ("Our village should become lovelier") was in 2003, when it won second place in the main class at the district level, which qualified it for the [[Rhenish Hesse]]-Palatine regional contest, in which it placed first. This was the first time that Jettenbach qualified for the state level, placing seventh.

In November 2003, the Minister of Environment and Forests, Margit Conrad, awarded mayor Bernd Ginkel a special prize for "the municipality’s model [[Ecology|ecological]] performance". This was based mainly on the forward-looking heating plants (wood pellets and woodchips), the [[Solar energy|solar]] and [[Photovoltaic system|photovoltaic]] complexes, and clear strides in local nature conservation in the municipality.<ref>[http://www.web142.s11.pixelx.de/jettenbach/index.php?auswahl=geschichte.php&id_geschichte=25&anzeige=Geschichte&PHPSESSID=1a2f5ae45220f631ce1a48dcbb61df84 Jettenbach’s first documentary mention]</ref><ref>[http://www.web142.s11.pixelx.de/jettenbach/index.php?auswahl=geschichte.php&id_geschichte=87&anzeige=Geschichte&PHPSESSID=1a2f5ae45220f631ce1a48dcbb61df84 Jettenbach’s history]</ref><ref>[http://www.web142.s11.pixelx.de/jettenbach/index.php?auswahl=geschichte.php&id_geschichte=88&anzeige=Geschichte&PHPSESSID=1a2f5ae45220f631ce1a48dcbb61df84 Jettenbach’s history (continued)]</ref>

===Population development===
As early as 1709, there documents record the first [[Emigration|emigrant]] to America from Jettenbach. In the late 18th century, there was emigration to [[Balkans|southeastern Europe]], and, after 1800, to [[Poland]] and [[Bavaria]]. In the 19th and 20th centuries, there were phases of heavy emigration to the [[United States]]. In the 19th century, saw the rise of the ''Wandermusikantentum'' industry, in which local inhabitants travelled all over [[Europe]] and further afield as musicians. It had its roots in the region's poor economic conditions. Despite waves of emigration, a continuous rise in population figures was recorded, although more recently, this has levelled off. The ''Wandermusikanten'' fostered their own family and speech peculiarities, their own customs, and their own specific garb. Their speech was enriched with words drawn from the various languages with which they came into contact while they were abroad. In 1721, Jettenbach had 35 families, and, therefore, roughly 140 inhabitants. In 1815, there were 657 inhabitants, and, in 1905, 1,031.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Population development]</ref>

===Municipality’s name===
The first syllable of the municipality's name, Jettenbach, refers to perennial ryegrass (''[[Lolium perenne]]''), which still grows along the village brook today. It comes from the [[Old High German]] root ''jetto'', which was used either as a word for "weed" or as the name for the plant perennial ryegrass (in [[German language|Modern High German]], however, it is called ''Deutsches Weidelgras'' or ''Wiesenlolch''). Whether, in fact, there was a person whose name was connected with this ''jetto'' is unknown. It is thus assumed that whoever the first settlers were, they had to weed (German: ''ausjäten'' – here the root does show up) the land of this ryegrass so that they could use it as farmland. To the word ''jetto'', the element ''—bach'' (German for "brook") was added, thus making the name's original meaning something like "brook that flows through a dale overgrown with ryegrass".<ref name="chronik">Quelle: Jettenbach 1348 - 1998 Ortschronik</ref> Alongside the name's current form, the form ''Gettenbach'' also showed up in the past. Against this, one can compare the dialectical form ''gäten'' to the [[Middle High German]] ''jäten'', with the J/G variants also in evidence. Among other forms of the name that are known are ''Jettenbach'' (1348), ''Gyttenbach'' (1377), ''Obergittenbach'' and ''Niedergittenbach'' (1393), ''Gettenbach'' (1571), ''Göttenbach'' (1600) and Jettenbach once again.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===

Lying in the northern part of the current municipal area was once another village, Zeißweiler, which may have been older than Jettenbach itself. It was geographically the last place in the string of settlements with names ending in ''—weiler'' ([[German language|German]] for "[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]", or originally "homestead") at the end of the ''Eßweiler Tal'' (valley or dale). A single legal document from 1432 is all the proof that there is that this village even existed, and even at the time that that was written, the settlement had already been abandoned. Nothing is known of the village's fate, nor of its people's. While it is known that Zeißweiler lay north of Jettenbach at the foot of the Trautelsberg – at least according to researcher [[Kreimbach-Kaulbach#Sons and daughters of the town|Ernst Christmann]] – its exact location is also unknown.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
About 1600, all the village's inhabitants were [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]. Even after the [[Thirty Years' War]], it was mostly [[Protestantism|Protestants]] living in Jettenbach. As late as 1825 it was still almost 100%. Then, though, the number of [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] began to grow slowly. In 1991, there were 63 Catholics in the village.

In the earliest surviving records, Jettenbach belonged to the parish of Reichenbach. At the time of the [[Protestant Reformation]], it remained a filial chapelry after establishment of a Lutheran parish at Reichenbach in 1532. In late 1741, Jettenbach became a Lutheran parish in its own right though the parish register entries continued to be written into those of Reichenbach. From 1741, the neighbouring village of [[Kollweiler]] was affiliated to Jettenbach. From the [[Late Middle Ages]], both villages had their own [[church (building)|chapels]] in which clergy from [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]] held services. From 1746, Jettenbach's [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] ([[Calvinism|Calvinist]]) believers were served from the newly established Reformed parish at Neunkirchen. In 1971, the two villages of [[Bosenbach]] and [[Niederstaufenbach]] merged into the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] parish of Jettenbach as filial chapelries after the old parish of Bosenbach was dissolved.

The former [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] [[chapel]] was dedicated to two patrons, [[Saint Valentine]] and [[Anastasius of Persia|Saint Anastasius]]. This chapel was destroyed about 1470, but rebuilt. It was continually repaired and renovated until its replacement 1895/6 when the current parish church was erected in the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style. This new church now bears the [[Epithet|nickname]] ''Musikantendom'' (''Dom'' means "[[cathedral]]" in [[German language|German]]) in recognition of the large number of ''Wandermusikanten'' (travelling musicians) who once lived in Jettenbach, and the church's capacity. Church authorities demanded that there be room for at least half the population when the church was built ensuring that there is the [[pew]]-space for 532 worshippers. The church's built-in pneumatic conical-windchest [[organ (music)|organ]] of 1,149 pipes was installed by the firm [[Walcker Orgelbau|Walcker]] of [[Ludwigsburg]] in 1896.

Until 1871, the parish churchyard was the local graveyard. When it reached capacity, a new graveyard was laid out on land lying in the direction of [[Bosenbach]]. In 1966, a hall with bell, expanded in 2000/1, was built there.

From 1700, local Roman Catholics belonged to the Lutheran parish of Reichenbach. They had the right to carry out the sacraments of [[baptism]], [[marriage]], and [[burial]] at the old village church. As for other church services, however, they were only permitted to observe [[Laetare Sunday]] (the third Sunday before [[Easter]]) in the old Catholic chapel now occupied by Protestants. After the new parish church was built, the predominantly Protestant population refused to share it with local Catholics. In 1899, the Protestants sold their traditional rights.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==
[[File:Jettenbacher Kirche.jpg|thumb|upright|Jettenbach Church ("Musikantendom")]]

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360704800.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Jettenbach's mayor is Timo Harth.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''In Grün ein silberner Schräglinkswellenbalken, oben rechts eine goldene Lyra, unten links ein goldenes Ährenbüschel (Wiesenlolch)''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be rendered into the Norman French employed in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language as: ''Vert a bend sinister wavy argent, between a lyre or, and a rye-grass tussock, bendwise sinister of the last, issuant from the base''.

The arms were designed in 1967 with the help of then schoolteacher Straßenberg and the [[Speyer]] State Archives.

The bend sinister wavy (diagonal wavy stripe) and the ryegrass tussock are both [[Canting arms|canting]] [[charge (heraldry)|charge]]s chosen for their allusion to the municipality's name (see above under '''Name'''). The golden lyre represents Jettenbach's past as one of the centres in the ''[[Musikantenland]]''.

Jettenbach has borne these arms since 21 April 1967 when they were approved by the Ministry of the Interior in [[Mainz]].<ref name="chronik" /><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Description and explanation of Jettenbach’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* [[Protestantism|Protestant]] parish church, Kirchstraße 2 – two-naved [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] [[hall church]], 1895/1896, architect Franz Schöberl, [[Speyer]]; furnishings
* At Hauptstraße 31 – [[sandstone]] portal, marked 1829
* Near Hauptstraße 46 – hourstone, sandstone column, 19th century
* Hauptstraße 66 – ''Musikantenhaus'' ("minstrel’s house"); one-floor plastered building on pedestal floor, 1903/1904, architect Karl Faul, [[Dahn|Reichenbach]]
* Höhstraße 2 – [[primary school]], sandstone-framed plastered building, 1892/1893; [[Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria|Luitpold]] [[Tilia|limetree]] from 1893
* Honiggasse 1 – ''Quereinhaus'' (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), partly [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], marked 1740 and 1776, one-floor addition with half-hipped roof, workshop building about 1900; stone oven pedestal, marked 1793, oven slab, marked 1720
* At Kirchstraße 5 – stone oven pedestal, marked 1801
* At Kirchstraße 8 – stone oven pedestal, marked 1829

The ''Quereinhaus'' at Honiggasse ("Honey Lane") 1 is described elsewhere as a West Palatine farmhouse with a single roof ridge (''Einfirstbauernhaus''). It is the residential wing that dates from 1740 and the commercial wing that dates from 1776. The residential wing's upper floor is built with exposed [[timber framing]], a decorated [[groundsill]], several chest- and neck-high railings and an [[oriel window]].

The ''Musikantenhaus'' at Hauptstraße ("Main Street") 66 is typical in construction for a house belonging to the travelling musicians of yore, especially for the inclusion of a [[dormer]]-like gable at the front.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Buildings]</ref>

===Regular events===
Jettenbach's church's patronal festival (''[[Kermis]]'') is known locally as the ''Kerwe'', and is held on the third Sunday in August, and is, by extension, a celebration for the whole community. In former times, a market was held on the Monday after [[Laetare Sunday]], with a fair at [[Whitsun]]. The timing used for the current feast-day was set in 1890. Toward the end of the 19th century, [[Carnival in Germany, Switzerland and Austria|''Fasching'']] ([[Shrove Tuesday|Shrovetide]] [[Carnival]]) began to be celebrated in Jettenbach. At that time, masked parades, show booths, and gatherings at local [[inn]]s were customary. After the [[First World War]], only ''Kappensitzungen'' ("Hat Sessions") and the inn sessions continued. Only from the 1950s were great ''Prunksitzungen'' (Sessions of the "parliament" of the "Empire of ''Narren''", that is, fools) and [[masquerade ball]]s held, although the latter barely survive. Every year, on the [[Twelve Days of Christmas|Third Day of Christmas]] (27 December), there is a procession featuring a person bound in [[straw]]. This odd custom has two possible origins. One version has it arising from the way in which ''Wanderstag'', the day on which servants changed jobs, was celebrated. Alternately, it may be an instance of a ''Carnival'' custom having been appropriated to this day.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Jettenbach has the following clubs:<ref name="Clubs">[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Clubs]</ref>
*''Arbeiter-Musikverein'' (merger 1951) — workers’ music club
*''Arbeiterverein'' (1922) — workers’ club
*''Gesangverein Harmonie'' (1860) — glee club
*''Krankenpflegeverein'' (1975) — [[nursing]] club
*''Landfrauenverein'' (1969) — local women's association
*''Musikverein'' (1882) — music club
*''Pfälzerwaldverein'' (1974) — Palatine forest [[hiking]] club
*''Pfälzische Bauern- und Winzerschaft'' (~1950) — Palatine [[Agriculture|farmers’]] and [[Winegrowing|winegrowers’]] club
*''Rote Flut'' (1991) — [[1. FC Kaiserslautern]] fan club for the nearby city's soccer team
*''Seniorenverein'' (1981) — seniors’ club
*''SPD-Ortsverein'' (1946-1948; since 1964) — [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] local chapter
*''Tennisverein'' (1978) — [[tennis]] club
*''Turn- und Sportverein'' (1892) — [[Gymnastics|gymnastic]] and [[sports club]]

The glee club ''"Harmonie" 1860 Jettenbach [[Eingetragener Verein|e.V.]]'' celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2010 and is among the Kusel district's oldest clubs (inexplicably, another source identifies this club as a forerunner of the music club, and identifies its founding year as 1885). Jettenbach's ''Turn- und Sportverein Jettenbach'' (sport club) has the largest membership.

Some clubs have passed into history:<ref name="Clubs"/>
*''Ackerbauverein'' (1927-1957) — crop-raising society
*''Gewerbeverein'' (~1900-1933) — enterprise society
*''Kriegerverein'' (1874-1933) — war veterans’ society
*''Viehversicherungsverein'' (1868-~1945) — livestock insurance society
*''Volksbildungsverein'' (~1900-~1925) — people's development society

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Nineteenth-century [[agriculture]] in Jettenbach was characterized by many small farms. The farmers with bigger farms had [[horse]]s, and sometimes [[ox]]en as [[Working animal|draught animals]]. On smaller farms, the [[cow]] was used as a draught animal. From this need arose the almost exclusive use of the [[Glan Cattle|Glan-Donnersberg breed]] of [[cattle]]. It dominated in Jettenbach even into the 1960s. Most farms did cropraising and livestock husbandry. [[Pig]] farming was rather rare, and [[sheep]] were only raised until about the turn of the 19th century. Specialized crops are no longer raised in Jettenbach, although the village is said to have been a main growing centre for [[rapeseed]] in the ''Landcommissariat'' of Kusel in the years after 1820 (4 226 hl in 1826). About 1870, herb growing, particularly for the seed, was important in the village. Among the herbs then grown were [[hops]], for the [[brewery]] that was then found in Jettenbach. [[Winegrowing]] may have been practised here in the [[Middle Ages]], bearing witness to which are certain local cadastral toponyms. Between 1870 and 1900 there was once again a [[vineyard]] (1 000 m<sup>2</sup>) in the village. There was also fruitgrowing in a [[Orchard#Meadow orchard .28Streuobstwiese.29|meadow orchard]].

After 1840, as in so many other villages in the district, a new industry arose, ''Wandermusikantentum'', which saw local musicians travel the world over plying their trade. Men – it was most often men – went abroad in groups of 5 to 15 and earned their living by playing music. Mostly they had firm engagements at spa [[hotel]]s or bathing [[beach]]es. Early on in ''Wandermusikantentum'', the musicians sometimes also took [[Juggling|jugglers]] along with them. They could sometimes also be hired as [[circus]] orchestras. In the [[United States]], they travelled on pleasure steamers on the country's great rivers. In the early days, the musicians went to neighbouring countries such as [[France]], [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]] and [[Switzerland]]. After the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870-1871), they no longer went to France, though, a country still seething at the loss of the war, and of a sizeable piece of territory, [[Alsace-Lorraine]], to the newly minted [[German Empire]]. Instead, they focused their efforts on [[Eastern Europe]]. It was only in the 1880s that some of these local musicians became bold enough to visit the United States, but before the turn of the century, there were few parts of the world where the ''Wandermusikanten'' had not trodden. It was not unheard-of for them to seek work in [[South Africa]], [[Australia]] or [[Southeast Asia]]. How long they were away from home depended to a great extent on how far away they went. One of their American tours, for instance, might last 20 months, while those who went to make music in Australia might not see home for five years. Jobs within [[Europe]], however, allowed them to work only nine months of the year and return home for the winter. In 1908, there were 102 musicians living in Jettenbach. They only interrupted the plying of their craft when they were forced to – by the [[First World War]]. Many were away from Germany when this broke out, and found themselves in countries that had suddenly become hostile towards Germans. In the [[United Kingdom]], Australia and the United States, many were [[Internment|interned]]. After the war, there was a great decline in this industry, and then, after [[Adolf Hitler]] and the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] started the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in the 1930s, the industry was forsaken, utterly.

Aside from a very small amount of mining towards the end of the 18th century ([[iron ore]], [[Mercury (element)|quicksilver]]) and [[coal]] mining (about 1860), the only mining that can be mentioned is [[limestone]] and [[basalt]] [[quarry]]ing. Limestone was already being quarried in the 16th century. In the 19th century, there were several [[lime kiln]]s in Jettenbach. Limestone quarrying was, however, given up in 1903. At the turn of the 20th century, hard-stone quarries were being opened up. When [[railway]]s were built through the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] and [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] valleys, transporting the stone to faraway markets became possible. Thus, several quarries opened in Jettenbach where paving stones were made. In the 1920s, some 60 quarrymen from Jettenbach worked at the nearby quarry on the Schneeweiderhof. Today, one of the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate's]] most productive quarries lies in the Jettenbach area, on the Potschberg.

Many Jettenbachers have since found jobs in [[Kaiserslautern]], [[NATO]]’s [[Ramstein Air Base]] in [[Ramstein-Miesenbach]] or elsewhere in the narrower or broader area around Jettenbach. Thus, most inhabitants nowadays are [[Commuting|commuters]]. The village’s first watermain was built in 1909, but nowadays, Jettenbach is hooked up to the West Palatinate joint water authority. The first electrical hookup came in October 1922. There has only been a [[Natural gas|gas]] main available, however, since November 1991.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
Even before 1700, a [[school]] had been set up in Jettenbach, which was overseen by the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] pastor. Mentioned towards the end of the 18th century, besides the schoolteacher hired by the Lutherans, was a [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] ([[Calvinism|Calvinist]]) schoolmaster who oversaw the winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community’s practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare). In 1819, a new schoolhouse with two classrooms was built, whereupon a teaching assistant was hired and placed at the schoolteacher’s disposal to help him with the second class. In 1882, a third class was formed once another schoolhouse had been built. In 1891, the municipality then built yet another schoolhouse with two classrooms, and the old schoolhouse was given up. These three classrooms were in service until 1965, when grade levels 7 and 8 were transferred to the ''Mittelpunktschule'' ("midpoint school", a central school, designed to eliminate smaller outlying schools) in [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]. In 1971, the Jettenbach and [[Rothselberg]] schools for grade levels 1 to 4 were combined, with [[Eßweiler]], [[Hinzweiler]] and [[Oberweiler im Tal]] joining in 1988. The five villages now together formed the ''Königslandgrundschule'' ("King’s Land [[Primary school|Primary School]]" – from an historical name for the region), which currently still serves three of the villages. A one-and-a-half-floor primary school building for these three villages was built in 2001-2002 in Jettenbach. Also built by the municipality at the school was a multipurpose hall that could serve the school's sport needs. From the beginning of the 20th century until the late 1920s, there was also a [[vocational school]] in Jettenbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Education]</ref>

====Kindergarten====
In 1973, the Kusel district's first central [[kindergarten]] was built in Jettenbach, to be attended by children from [[Eßweiler]], Jettenbach, [[Hinzweiler]], [[Oberweiler im Tal]] and [[Rothselberg]]. After the special-purposes committee had been dissolved, a new, local kindergarten was built in Jettenbach. This was brought into service in the spring of 2004. The other municipalities had already built their own kindergartens in Hinzweiler and Rothselberg.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Kindergarten]</ref>

===Transport===
To the east runs ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270. Running through the village itself are ''[[Landesstraße]]n'' 370 and 369. Serving [[Kreimbach-Kaulbach]] is a [[railway station]] on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
* Dr. Carl Andreae (b. 1841; d. 1913 in [[Munich]]) — Educator, seminary inspector at the teacher-training institute in [[Kaiserslautern]], member of the state school inspectorate in [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]], 1893-1907 Liberal Party member of the Bavarian Landtag, ''[[Privatdozent]]'' at the [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich|University of Munich]].
* Ludwig Heinrich Hauber (b. 1827; d. 1902 in [[Arco, Trentino|Arch]], [[Austria-Hungary]] [now Arco, [[Italy]]]) — School assistant, [[Revolutions of 1848 in the German states|1849 revolutionary]], [[civil engineer]]. After participating in the Revolution, he was barred from returning to teaching. After working various jobs in industry and crafts, he had the luck to marry into wealth. Along with his wife he endowed several foundations in the Palatinate.
* Karl Kiefer (b. 1871; d. 1957 in Munich) — Sculptor and professor in Munich
* Hubertus "Bertes" Kilian (b. 1827; d. 1899 in Munich) — "Minstrel" (travelling musician), [[Late Imperial China|Imperial Chinese]] Orchestra Master, one of the best known and most widely travelled of the ''Wandermusikanten''.
* Jakob Leonhard (b. 1859; d. 1931 in [[Heidelberg]]) — Secret commercial councillor, Director of the Kaiserslautern [[worsted]]-spinning mill, founding member of the ''Verband Pfälzischer Industrieller'' ("Association of Palatine Industrialists").<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Sons and daughters of the town]</ref>

===Famous people associated with the municipality===
* Franz Leonhard (b. 1852; d. 1905 in [[Neckargemünd]]) — Chemist. He was on staff at the [[Rottweil]] [[Gunpowder|powder]] factory, where he was involved in [[research and development]], earning several patents for, among other things, the development of a [[smokeless powder]].
* Johann Heinrich August Schowalter (b. 1870 in Neustadt; d. 1940 in [[Berlin]]) — Pastor (Jettenbach 1903-1910), he dedicated himself to bettering the population's economic state and providing people's needs in the local area. He was, among other things, an ardent campaigner for a school for training professional musicians in Jettenbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7544 Famous people associated with the municipality]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Jettenbach (Pfalz)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160708131415/http://jettenbach.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}
{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Hoppstädten

2024-12-28T06:46:00Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-hoppstaedten.jpg → File:DEU Hoppstädten COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{distinguish|Hoppstädten-Weiersbach}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Hoppstädten COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|41|30|N|7|32|08|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hoppstädten in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 310
|area = 6.24
|postal_code = 67744
|area_code = 06788
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 045
|website = [http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/hoppstaedten/index.phtml vg-lauterecken.de]
|mayor = Günter Denzer<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Hoppstädten''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==
[[File:Hoppstadten from train stop.JPG|thumb|right|280px|Hoppstädten seen from the train stop]]

===Location===
The municipality lies in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] in the district's northernmost corner, north of Lauterecken. Hoppstädten lies at an elevation of some 300 m above [[sea level]] in the headwaters of the Perlebach, which flows first southwards to the Perleberg (mountain), flowing round this and then winding on eastwards, emptying into the Jeckenbach near [[Kappeln, Rhineland-Palatinate|Kappeln]]. Elevations around the village reach up to, in the municipal area's northernmost corner, 423 m above sea level near the Welchrötherhof, although that lies outside Hoppstädten's limits within the municipality of [[Otzweiler]] in the neighbouring [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach district]]. Not quite as high are the mountains right near the village and in the municipal area's south (Mannenberg 356 m, Perleberg 377 m). The municipal area measures 624 ha, of which roughly 4 ha is settled and 210 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Hoppstädten borders in the north on the municipality of [[Limbach, Bad Kreuznach|Limbach]] ([[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] district), in the northeast on the municipality of [[Schweinschied]] (Bad Kreuznach district), in the southeast on the municipality of [[Kappeln, Rhineland-Palatinate|Kappeln]], in the south on the municipality of [[Merzweiler]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Langweiler, Kusel|Langweiler]], in the west on the municipality of [[Sien, Germany|Sien]] ([[Birkenfeld (district)|Birkenfeld]] district) and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Otzweiler]] (Bad Kreuznach district). Hoppstädten also meets the municipality of [[Hundsbach]] at a single point in the north.

===Municipality’s layout===
Hoppstädten began as a clump village whose houses and streets were laid out around the [[church (building)|church]]. Expansion in more recent times took place mainly on the through road leading from [[Sien, Germany|Sien]] to [[Merzweiler]] and running through the village from north to south. The village thus took on more the shape of a linear village (by some definitions, a “thorpe”). The Perlebach once clove the village into two halves, but this has been hard to see ever since the brook was channelled into an underground pipe in 1859-1860. Outstanding among the older buildings are the church, the former school, the former town hall and, among the older houses, many farmhouses, most of which are no longer used in farming. In 1957, a new schoolhouse was built, and in 1993 a municipal centre. The graveyard lies on a path from the side of the road that leads to [[Schweinschied]]. In the municipality's southeast is a broad sport complex with a [[Association football|football]] pitch, a [[tennis]] court, a [[Shooting sport|shooting]] range, clubhouses and a [[grilling]] hut. The former [[swimming pool]] in the municipality's north is now in private ownership.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Found in an extensive [[Celts|Celtic]] grave field in the cadastral area known as the Breinert were remnants of weapons from the [[Iron Age]]. The assumption that these graves once lay within a Celtic [[Circular rampart|ringwall]] has not been confirmed by [[Archaeology|archaeological]] research. An old road that runs across the Breinert is traditionally called the ''Römerstraße'' ([[Roman roads|Roman road]]).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Hoppstädten, as its name makes clear, was founded relatively late, although an exact founding date cannot be pinpointed. Hoppstädten originally belonged to the [[Nahegau]], lay within the ''Hochgericht auf der Heide'' (“[[Blood court|High Court]] on the Heath”) and was there tightly bound with the lordship of Sien. This lordship was landed, but rather early on, it ended up under the ownership of the [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]] whose archbishops gave its care over to ''[[Vogt|Vögte]]'', in this case through [[Alban of Mainz|Saint Alban's]] Church in [[Mainz]]. Records hold proof that in 1108, [[Ruthard of Mainz|Archbishop Ruthard]] bequeathed a ''Hufe'' (roughly the same as an [[oxgang]]) of the lordship of Sien to the [[Disibodenberg|Disibodenberg Monastery]] when this was newly occupied by [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s. The ''Vögte'', who were enfeoffed with the lordship of Sien as early as the 11th century, were the Counts of Loon, who themselves had a close kinship with the Counts of Rieneck. It is known for certain that in 1325, Count Dietrich of Loon and Chiny enfeoffed the knight Sir Kindel von Sien “with the Sien House, the [[tithe]]s themselves, the village of ''Hobstetten'', the tithes at [[Schweinschied]], Selbach (now vanished), Ober-Hachenbach (now vanished), Reidenbach and Wieselbach (now vanished), with the court of the half village and the church rights at Sien.” This was Hoppstädten's first documentary mention, although it is believed that the village likely dates from about 1100. Only a few years later, in 1334, Count Ludwig of Loon and Chiny took this [[fief]] back and gave it to the [[Waldgrave]]s and Rhinegraves, thereby making Hoppstädten a Waldgravial-Rhinegravial fief, although the Archbishops of Mainz remained the overlords. Further feudal grants by the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves kept history very varied for both the House of Sien and, in particular, the village of Hoppstädten. The Waldgraves and Rhinegraves gave half their rights to Hoppstädten to the [[Electoral Palatinate|Electors Palatine]] in 1368, who in turn granted them to the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]]. Hence, cropping up in a 1388 document is a record of a knight, Sir Heinrich Bube von Ulmen ([[Nieder-Olm]]), having received from the Counts of Veldenz an estate in ''Hostede''. A further estate at Hoppstädten was received in 1389 by Wepeling Giesebrecht von Simmern, likewise from the Counts of Veldenz. Relations between Veldenz and Simmern with regard to the village of Hoppstädten were then confirmed in a 1424 document. The Counts of Veldenz transferred one fourth of the tithes from [[Hochstetten-Dhaun|Dhaun]] and Hoppstädten. Later, this holding passed to the family Braun von der Schmidtburg. When Friedrich von Sien died in 1430, the House of Sien died with him, for he had no male heir, and the Rhinegravial half of the lordship, by way of the late count's daughter Schonette, found its way into others’ hands. Schonette's first husband was Hermann Boos von Waldeck, and her second was Reinhard von Sickingen. When Hermann died about 1439, the lordship of Sien remained in his [[widow]]’s hands. After overcoming a few difficulties, Schonette managed to bequeath the inheritance in 1483 to Schwicker von Sickingen, [[Franz von Sickingen]]’s father. This only involved half the village, of course; as before, the other half was a Veldenz fief held by the Lords von der Schmidtburg bei Kirn. Thereafter came disputes over the division of rights within the lordship between the Sickingens and the Rhinegraves.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In a 1515 ''Weistum'' (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times), the reader learns that the lower jurisdiction, at least in a part of Hoppstädten, remained with the Sickingens. The other half passed into the hands of the Waldgraves of Kyrburg. Both lordships, Sickingen and Kyrburg, held only the lower jurisdiction, while the [[Blood court|high jurisdiction]] belonged to the Rhinegraves, who, as before, were responsible for the whole ''Hochgericht auf der Heide''. In 1575 the Lords of Sickingen managed to buy out the Schmidtburgs’ half of the village. After Prince Dominik of Salm-Kyrburg bought up the former Lordship of Sien in 1746, Hoppstädten passed into ownership of the Rhinegraves of Grumbach. Thereafter, the lordly structures remained unchanged until [[feudalism]] itself was swept away during the [[French Revolution]]. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the village was destroyed, and the population was wiped out by both the war and sickness.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were [[Annexation|annexed]] by [[France]]. Within the new arrangement of boundaries, Hoppstädten now found itself in the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Sien, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Grumbach, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]]. After [[France|French]] rule ended, the [[Congress of Vienna]] drew new boundaries. The bond between Hoppstädten and the old lordly seat of [[Sien, Germany|Sien]], which had lasted for hundreds of years, now came to an end. Between the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] and the [[Nahe (Rhine)|Nahe]] arose the new [[Principality of Lichtenberg]], a newly created [[exclave]] of the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], which as of 1826 became the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]. As part of this state, it passed in 1834 by sale to the Kingdom of [[Prussia]], which made this area into the Sankt Wendel district. Also arising in this region was the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Meisenheim in the Principality of [[Hesse-Homburg]], within which lay Hoppstädten. Meanwhile, through a territorial exchange, Sien found itself in the Principality of Lichtenberg. Hesse-Homburg, too, passed to Prussia in 1866 after the last prince died. What had until this time been an ''Oberamt'' now became the Meisenheim district within Prussia's [[Rhine Province]]; at this time, the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“mayoralty”) responsible for Hoppstädten was at [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]]. In 1939, during the time of the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]], this district was transferred to the [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] district. During the 19th century, the village experienced various changes, such as the building of a new school in 1840 and of a municipal hall in 1848. In 1859 and 1860, the Perlebach was channelled into a pipe under the village. Woodland clearing brought the village more [[Agriculture|farmland]] as early as 1850, which was supposed to improve the supply of land, and thereby food, to the still mainly agricultural populace. Nevertheless, many people left Hoppstädten. In the years 1840 to 1865 alone, twenty families [[Emigration|emigrated]] to the [[United States]]. Before the [[First World War]], a [[typhus]] [[epidemic]] spread across the land. Some people in Hoppstädten came down with the illness, but all of them survived. The Prussian government put forth efforts at this time to curb the causes of these sicknesses by instituting better [[Hygiene|hygienic]] conditions. In many places, watermains were built, although in Hoppstädten, the measures went no further than cleaning up the many local [[Water well|wells]] that supplied the villagers with their water. Nonetheless, a watermain was eventually built in Hoppstädten in 1921, although [[Sanitary sewer|sewerage]] laying was not quite finished until rather late, sometime between 1994 and 1998. A [[swimming pool]] was built in 1936 and closed in 1968 because the safety and water quality requirements could no longer be met. There were further territorial changes in the wake of the [[Second World War]]. Hoppstädten at first still lay in the [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] district within the ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' of Koblenz, and in the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. In the course of administrative restructuring in the state in 1968, Hoppstädten was taken from Bad Kreuznach and was reassigned to the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] district. In 1972, it passed to the newly founded [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]] and at the same time to the likewise newly founded ''Regierungsbezirk'' of [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] (Rhineland-Palatinate has since abolished its system of ''Regierungsbezirke'').<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Recent times]</ref>

===Jewish history===
[[File:David Einhorn.jpg|thumb|right|[[David Einhorn (rabbi)|David Einhorn]] - the [[Rabbi]] of Hoppstädten and the State Rabbi (the [[Landesrabbiner]]) of the [[Principality]] of [[Birkenfeld]] from 1842 to 1847]]

Hoppstädten once had a small [[Jew]]ish community that was actually an outlying part of the Jewish community in [[Hundsbach]]. See the relevant sections of that article for the community's [[Hundsbach#Jewish history|history]] and information about its [[Hundsbach#Former synagogue|synagogue]].

===Population development===
The village has a rural structure to this day. Until a few decades ago, most of the villagers earned their livelihoods in [[agriculture]]. Besides farmers, there were also farmhands, forestry workers and a few craftsmen. Farming now employs very few people. A great number of people in Hoppstädten nowadays need to seek work outside the village. A worsening drop in population figures in recent years is to be noted.

The following table shows population development since [[Napoleon]]ic times for Hoppstädten:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Hoppstädten’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1803 || 1849 || 1930 || 1950 || 1989 || 1990 || 1993 || 1995 || 1996 || 1997 || 1998 || 2000 || 2007 || 2010
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 192 || 451 || 442 || 427 || 391 || 401 || 403 || 400 || 400 || 401 || 407 || ~400 || 326 || 313
|}

===Municipality’s name===
In 1325, Hoppstädten had its first documentary mention as ''Hobstetten'' in a document from the ''Rhingravica II'' assembly by Schott. Other forms of the name that have cropped up, especially in [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]] documents, are ''Hoesteden'' (1388), ''Hoestede'' (1389) and ''Hobesteden'' (1392). As early as 1408, the form ''Hobsteden'' is witnessed, followed soon afterwards by ''Hoffsteden'' (1411) and ''Hoibsteden'' (1426). The modern form, Hoppstädten, did not first appear until 1820. For a while, to distinguish the village from others with the same name, the form ''Sien-Hoppstädten'' was customary. According to researchers Dolch and Greule, among others, the village's name goes back to the [[Middle High German]] word ''hovestat'', which simply meant “estate”. Its two syllables correspond with the [[German language|Modern High German]] words ''Hof'' (“estate” or “farm”) and ''Stätte'' (“place” or “stead”). Hence, the village might have arisen from a former lordly estate.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
The Wiedenhof in the Breinert Forest within Hoppstädten's limits was mentioned in a document as late as 1515, and likely vanished during the [[Thirty Years' War]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
From the [[Middle Ages]], the parish of Hoppstädten was a branch parish of [[Sien, Germany|Sien]]. Nevertheless, a small [[church (building)|church]] arose in Hoppstädten in the early 16th century, which the worshippers consecrated to Saint [[Judoc]] (''Jodokus'', ''Jost'', ''Jobst'' or ''Josse'' in [[German language|German]]; in this case, the first form was used). Judoc was born in [[Brittany]] about 600. He is revered for helping with many illnesses and seeing to rich harvests. He rejected an offer to become Brittany's ruler and, after a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Rome]], he lived in a [[hermitage (religious retreat)|hermitage]]. A cult grew up around him and spread, in Germany mainly in [[Lower Bavaria]] ([[Landshut]]) and the [[Eifel]] (Walberg near [[Bonn]]). In the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], everyone in the village [[Religious conversion|converted]] to [[Lutheranism]]. The mother church then became [[Hundsbach]], then later [[Kappeln, Rhineland-Palatinate|Kappeln]], as of 1800 Hundsbach once again and then in 1921 once more Kappeln. In 1973, Hoppstädten was parochially attached to [[Grumbach]]. After the [[Thirty Years' War]], [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] once again came to settle, although not in great numbers. They remained a minority. Of the roughly 400 inhabitants today, some 300 are [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] and some 60 are Catholic. More than 30 inhabitants adhere to other faiths, or profess none at all. The old [[chapel]], Saint Judoc's (''Jodokuskapelle'') was torn down in the 19th century after having fallen into disrepair. It was replaced in 1886 by a new church. It is a [[hall church]] with a wooden ceiling, a [[Choir (architecture)|quire]] with [[Rib vault|ribbed vaulting]] and a tower with three floors whose roof tapers from an octagon to a high point. The [[organ (music)|organ]] comes from 1750 and was built into Saint Judoc's Chapel about 1800, later being moved to the current church.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360404500.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Hoppstädten's mayor is Günter Denzer, and his deputies are Veit Ahlers and Karola Wenderoth.<ref>[http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20&%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hoppst%C3%A4dten/ Hoppstädten’s executive] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305075813/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hoppst%C3%A4dten/ |date=2013-03-05 }}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per pale Or five bars gules and Or a lion rampant of the second armed and langued azure, in base an escallop of the last.

The bars on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side are drawn from arms once borne by the Lords of Rieneck, who for centuries had holdings in the village. The lion [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side was an heraldic charge once borne by the [[Waldgrave]]s and Rhinegraves, longtime rulers in the area. The scallop shell below the lion is the hermit saint [[Judoc]]’s attribute, thus representing the old Hoppstädten church’s patron saint.

The arms have been borne since 1987 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Description and explanation of Hoppstädten’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] church, Hauptstraße 29: [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] stone block building, façade tower, 1886/1887
* Near Hauptstraße 31: former town hall; small, sophisticated [[sandstone]]-framed plastered building, about 1840

===Regular events===
The [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) is held on the last weekend in October. Even today, the ''Straußjugend'' (“bouquet youth”) keep the old kermis customs. The schoolteacher Adolf Borger compiled extensive works about [[folklore]] and customs in Hoppstädten in earlier days, which have been published in the ''Westricher Heimatblätter''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
The following clubs are active in Hoppstädten (the dates represent the time of founding):<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Clubs]</ref>
* ''FCK Fanclub “Perlebachdeiwel” Hoppstädten'' (1998) — [[1. FC Kaiserslautern]] fan club
* ''Freiwillige Feuerwehr Hoppstädten'' (1967) — volunteer [[fire brigade]]
* ''Gesangverein Hoppstädten'' (1892) — singing club
* ''Schützenverein Perlenkopf Hoppstädten'' (1957) — [[shooting sport]]s
* ''SPD Ortsverein Hoppstädten'' (1968) — [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] local chapter
* ''Tennisclub'' (1979)
* ''Turn- und Sportverein Eintracht Hoppstädten'' (1911) — [[Gymnastics|gymnastic]] and [[sport club]]
* ''Vereinsgemeinschaft Hoppstädten'' (1993) — association of clubs

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
From yore, the villagers earned their livelihoods mainly at [[Agriculture|farming]], and so it remained until the mid 20th century. There were stone and sand quarries, and brickyards, too. Beginning in 1921, there was also a [[diamond]]-cutting shop, alongside all the customary craft occupations. Since then, however, almost all farming operations have been given up, and more and more workers must seek their livelihoods outside the village. Today there is still one [[inn]] in the village, but most of the customary craft occupations have vanished. In their stead, new shops have arisen to properly serve the needs in this newer developmental structure.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
From the time before 1800 comes no information about schooling in Hoppstädten. It can be assumed, however, that as early as the 17th century, local people were already striving to establish regular schooling. From old school documents the reader learns that in 1814, the school assistant (that is, teacher) Friedrich Karl Diehlmann was teaching at a schoolhouse in the village, which for that time would by no means have gone without saying. From 1825 to about 1845, a schoolteacher named Vollrath taught. In his time, the school fee that each schoolchild had to pay was raised from 30 to 35 ''[[Kreuzer]]''. Under Vollrath's successor Ullrich, wintertime schooling had to be given up because there was not enough firewood to heat the schoolhouse. In 1840, the municipality had a new schoolhouse built, complete with a teacher's dwelling. The old schoolhouse was sold for 150 [[Rhenish guilder]]s, and was torn down about 1930. Following schoolteacher Ullrich was schoolteacher Ott, whose salary was raised in 1874 from 150 to 250 [[Vereinsthaler|''Thaler'']]. Ott had a family of eleven to support, and he had to teach 100 schoolchildren. In 1893, then schoolteacher Schneider had at his disposal a four-room dwelling with [[kitchen]] and [[Basement|cellar]] as well as a commercial building and plots of land for a small farm. For keeping two swine, 120 [[German gold mark|ℳ]] was approved. There was a further salary of 913 ℳ. Outside teaching, Ott earned 8 ℳ as an organist, 36 ℳ as a [[cantor (church)|cantor]] and 62 ℳ as a municipal scrivener. All together, the income was worth 1,276 ℳ. Beginning in 1933, a second teaching post was instituted, after such a move had been time and again opposed by the municipality (of course, after [[Adolf Hitler]]’s [[Machtergreifung|seizure of power]] early in this same year, opposing the authorities became rather riskier). In 1957, the municipality decided to build a new schoolhouse. It was dedicated in 1960. In the course of educational restructuring in 1968, the upper class in Hoppstädten was dissolved, and since then, [[Hauptschule]] students have had to be bussed to classes in [[Lauterecken]]. Then there were only [[primary school]] pupils in Hoppstädten, some from neighbouring villages. In 1970 came the merger with the [[Grumbach]] primary school; the resulting institution was called ''Grundschule Grumbach-Hoppstädten''. The school was closed in 2010, and primary school pupils must now likewise attend classes in Lauterecken. Students wishing to attend a [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] may do so in either Lauterecken or [[Meisenheim]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Some 2 km to the west runs ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270. The village of Hoppstädten itself lies on ''[[Kreisstraße]]n'' 68 and 67. Somewhat less favourable is the access to [[Autobahn]]en, with the Kusel [[interchange (road)|interchange]] roughly 40 km away, and the ones at Kaiserslautern and [[Wöllstein]] even farther away (45 and 50 km respectively). Serving [[Lauterecken]] is a [[railway station]] on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7541 Transport]</ref>

Distances to important regional centres are as follows:
* [[Sien, Germany|Sien]] — 2 km
* [[Lauterecken]] — 11 km
* [[Meisenheim]] — 11 km
* [[Kirn]] — 20 km
* [[Idar-Oberstein]] — 22 km
* [[Kusel]] — 30 km

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130305075813/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hoppst%C3%A4dten/ Hoppstädten in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoppstadten}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

User:ChryZ MUC/rauten challenge

2024-12-27T07:04:51Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen von Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg.png → File:DEU Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg COA.svg PNG → SVG

==Bayerische Rauten==
Um die Challenge zu bestehen, müsst Ihr folgende Bedingungen erfüllt haben:
* 1. Mindestens einen Fund in den Landkreisen Bayerns (32) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]] und Baden-Württembergs (2) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
* 2. Mindestens einen Fund in je einer Gemeinde Bayerns (von 87) {{tick|20}}, Baden-Württembergs (von 16) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]], Oberösterreich (von 10) {{tick|20}} und Rheinland-Pfalz (von 4 ''Verbandsgemeinden'') {{tick|20}}
* 3. Bild von Euch vor dem Wappen des Grafen von Bogen (siehe Waypoint) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
* 4. Mindestens 100 Punkte [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]], wobei die Gemeinden aus folgenden Regionen wie folgt zählen (Gewichtung ausgehend vom Final in München):
** Oberbayern: 1 Punkt
** Niederbayern, Schwaben und Tirol: 2 Punkte
** Mittelfranken, Oberösterreich und Oberpfalz: 3 Punkte
** Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Niederösterreich, Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland: 5 Punkte
** Belgien und Niederlande: 10 Punkte

{{Aligned table
|cols=3 |class=wikitable sortable
|col1align=left |col2align=center
|row1header=on
| Bundesland | Einheit | Anteil
| {{flag|Baden-Württemberg}} | Landkreise | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Bayern}} | Landkreise | {{Percentage bar| 94|30/32|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Baden-Württemberg}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/16|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Bayern}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 43|37/87|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Flemish Brabant}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Hessen}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Niederösterreich}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Oberösterreich}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 20|2/10|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Rheinland-Pfalz}} | Verbandsgemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 25|1/4|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Saarland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|South Holland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Tirol}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar|100|2/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Zeeland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
}}

Wer clever ist, kann mit einem Cache mehrere Bedingungen gleichzeitig erledigen: Bspw. zahlt eine gefundene Dose in Dasing mit 2 Punkten für Bedingung 4 ein und erledigt den Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg von Bedingung 1. Bzw. generell gilt: Wird noch ein Landkreis für Bedingung 1 benötigt, schaut gleich mal, ob es darin nicht eine Gemeinde gibt, für die Ihr Punkte für Bedingung 4 sammeln könnt.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:Wappen landkreis coburg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Coburg|Coburg]] || Landkreis || Oberfranken || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Karlsruhe (district).svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Karlsruhe|Karlsruhe]] || Landkreis || Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Miltenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Miltenberg|Miltenberg]] || Landkreis || Unterfranken || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis.svg|20px]] [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Landkreis || Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Abensberg.svg|20px]] [[Abensberg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Auerbach Oberpfalz.svg|20px]] [[Auerbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bad Abbach.svg|20px]] [[Bad Abbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Baernau.svg|20px]] [[Bärnau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Bammental.svg|20px]] [[Bammental]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bayerisch Gmain.svg|20px]] [[Bayerisch Gmain]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Beratzhausen.svg|20px]] [[Beratzhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of Arms Bretten (de).svg|20px]] [[Bretten]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Karlsruhe]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Burglengenfeld.svg|20px]] [[Burglengenfeld]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:WappenBürstadt.svg|20px]] [[Bürstadt]] || Gemeinde || [[Bergstraße (district)|Bergstraße]] || Hessen || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Eggenfelden.svg|20px]] [[Eggenfelden]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Rottal-Inn]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Elztal COA.svg|20px]] [[Elztal (Odenwald)]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Ergoldsbach coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Ergoldsbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Eschelbronn.svg|20px]] [[Eschelbronn]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|20px]] [[Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Eschlkam.svg|20px]] [[Eschlkam]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT Feldkirchen bei Mattighofen COA.png|20px]] [[Feldkirchen bei Mattighofen]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Feldkirchen (Niederbayern).svg|20px]] [[Feldkirchen (Niederbayern)]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Flossenbürg.svg|20px]] [[Flossenbürg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at franking.png|20px]] [[Franking]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Freihung.svg|20px]] [[Freihung]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Geiselhöring.svg|20px]] [[Geiselhöring]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Goes.svg|20px]] [[Goes]] || Gemeinde || [[Zeeland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Grafenau Ndb.jpg|20px]] [[Grafenau (Niederbayern)]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Grafenwöhr.svg|20px]] [[Grafenwöhr]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Hahnbach.svg|20px]] [[Hahnbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Blason Halle(Vlaams Brabant).svg|20px]] [[Halle (Belgien)|Halle]] || Stadt || [[Provinz Flämisch-Brabant]] || Belgien || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen-Hassmersheim.svg|20px]] [[Haßmersheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Heddesheim.svg|20px]] [[Heddesheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Heiligkreuzsteinach.svg|20px]] [[Heiligkreuzsteinach]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hirschau COA.svg|20px]] [[Hirschau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Hoeksche Waard wapen.svg|20px]] [[Hoeksche Waard (municipality)|Hoeksche Waard]] || Markt || [[South Holland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Hohenburg.png|20px]] [[Hohenburg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Inchenhofen.svg|20px]] [[Inchenhofen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kallmünz COA.svg|20px]] [[Kallmünz]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Kemnath.png|20px]] [[Kemnath]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kirchenthumbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Kirchenthumbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kohlberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Kohlberg (Oberpfalz)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kollnburg COA.svg|20px]] [[Kollnburg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kottgeisering COA.svg|20px]] [[Kottgeisering]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Laaber.svg|20px]] [[Laaber]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Lauterhofen COA.svg|20px]] [[Lauterhofen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Löwenstein COA.svg|20px]] [[Löwenstein]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Heilbronn]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at mauerkirchen.png|20px]] [[Mauerkirchen]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:CoA Meckesheim.svg|20px]] [[Meckesheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Mitterfels.png|20px]] [[Mitterfels]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Moosbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Moosbach (Oberpfalz)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT_Neuhofen_an_der_Ybbs_COA.png|20px]] [[Neuhofen an der Ybbs]] || Marktgemeinde || [[Bezirk Amstetten]] || Niederösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Neukirchen-Balbini COA.svg|20px]] [[Neukirchen-Balbini]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Neustadt an der Donau COA.svg|20px]] [[Neustadt an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Nittenau COA.svg|20px]] [[Nittenau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Nußloch.svg|20px]] [[Nußloch]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Obrigheim (Baden) COA.svg|20px]] [[Obrigheim (Baden)]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Oftersheim.svg|20px]] [[Oftersheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at ort im innkreis.png|20px]] [[Ort im Innkreis]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Otzberg.svg|20px]] [[Otzberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg]] || Hessen || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Painten COA.svg|20px]] [[Painten]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Peiting.svg|20px]] [[Peiting]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Pfeffenhausen coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Pfeffenhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Pförring COA.svg|20px]] [[Pförring]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Eichstätt]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Pleystein.svg|20px]] [[Pleystein]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Prackenbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Prackenbach]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Pressath COA.svg|20px]] [[Pressath]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Reimerswaal.svg|20px]] [[Reimerswaal (municipality)|Reimerswaal]] || Gemeinde || [[Zeeland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen-ried innkreis.png|20px]] [[Ried im Innkreis]] || Stadt || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU VG Rheinauen COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Rheinauen]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ruhmannsfelden COA.svg|20px]] [[Ruhmannsfelden]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Sandhausen COA.svg|20px]] [[Sandhausen]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Schefflenz COA.svg|20px]] [[Schefflenz]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Schönberg.png|20px]] [[Schönberg (Niederbayern)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Schongau COA.svg|20px]] [[Schongau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Simbach.svg|20px]] [[Simbach (bei Landau)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU VG Simmern-Rheinboellen COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT Spitz in der Wachau COA.svg|20px]] [[Spitz, Austria|Spitz in der Wachau]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Krems-Land]] || Niederösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at st georgen bei obernberg am inn.png|20px]] [[St. Georgen bei Obernberg am Inn]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU St.Ingbert COA.svg|20px]] [[St. Ingbert]] || Stadt || [[Saarpfalz-Kreis]] || Saarland || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at st willibald.png|20px]] [[St. Willibald]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Schärding]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tännesberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Tännesberg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at taiskirchen im innkreis.png|20px]] [[Taiskirchen im Innkreis]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tittling COA.svg|20px]] [[Tittling]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Passau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Vilshofen COA.svg|20px]] [[Vilshofen an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Passau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Weinheim.svg|20px]] [[Weinheim]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Wiesloch.svg|20px]] [[Wiesloch]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Zachenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Zachenberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|}

==Gemeinden==
===Oberbayern (16 Punkte – 1 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen Bad Aibling.png|[[Bad Aibling]]
File:Wappen von Bad Heilbrunn.svg|[[Bad Heilbrunn]]
File:Bad Reichenhall - Wappen.svg|[[Bad Reichenhall]]
File:Wappen von Bayrischzell.svg|[[Bayrischzell]]
File:Wappen Berchtesgaden.svg|[[Berchtesgaden]]
File:Wappen von Freising.svg|[[Freising]]
File:Fürstenfeldbruck Wappen.svg|[[Fürstenfeldbruck]]
File:Wappen Grünwald.svg|[[Grünwald, Bavaria|Grünwald]]
File:Wappen Herrsching.svg|[[Herrsching am Ammersee|Herrsching]]
File:DEU Kösching COA.svg|[[Kösching]]
File:Wappen Marktl.png|[[Marktl]]
File:DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg|[[Neuburg an der Donau]]
File:DEU Oberschleißheim COA.svg|[[Oberschleißheim]]
File:Olching.svg|[[Olching]]
File:DEU Pähl COA.svg|[[Pähl]]
File:DEU Schrobenhausen COA.svg|[[Schrobenhausen]]
</gallery>

===Mittelfranken (3 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Ottensoos COA.svg|[[Ottensoos]]
</gallery>

===Niederbayern (14 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen von Deggendorf.svg|[[Deggendorf]]
File:Wappen Dingolfing.svg|[[Dingolfing]]
File:Geisenhausen LA coat of arms.svg|[[Geisenhausen]]
File:DEU Plattling COA.svg|[[Plattling]]
File:Velden Vils coat of arms.svg|[[Velden (Vils)]]
File:Wappen Vilsbiburg.svg|[[Vilsbiburg]]
File:DEU Zwiesel COA.svg|[[Zwiesel]]
</gallery>

===Oberpfalz (12 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Cham COA.svg|[[Cham, Germany|Cham]]
File:Wappen Furth im Wald.svg|[[Furth im Wald]]
File:DEU Lupburg COA.svg|[[Lupburg]]
File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|[[Schwandorf]]
</gallery>

===Schwaben (18 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen Dasing.svg|[[Dasing]]
File:Wappen Grossaitingen.svg|[[Großaitingen]]
File:Wappen von Gundelfingen an der Donau.svg|[[Gundelfingen an der Donau]]
File:Wappen von Günzburg.svg|[[Günzburg]]
File:Wappen von Höchstädt a. d. Donau.svg|[[Höchstädt an der Donau]]
File:Olching.svg|[[Olching]]
File:DEU_Rain_COA.svg|[[Rain (Lech)|Rain]]
File:Wappen Thierhaupten.svg|[[Thierhaupten]]
File:DEU Wertingen COA.svg|[[Wertingen]]
</gallery>

===Oberösterreich (6 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|[[Braunau am Inn]]
File:Wappen at Ostermiething.png|[[Ostermiething]]
</gallery>

===Rheinland-Pfalz (5 Punkte – 5 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Loreley COA.svg|[[Verbandsgemeinde Loreley|Loreley]]
</gallery>

===Tirol (4 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen at niederndorferberg.png|[[Niederndorferberg]]
File:Wappen at rettenschoess.png|[[Rettenschöss]]
</gallery>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg|20px]] [[Bayern]] || Bundesland || || || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bezirk Niederbayern.svg|20px]] [[Niederbayern]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Oberbayern.svg|20px]] [[Oberbayern]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Oberpfalz.svg|20px]] [[Oberpfalz]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg|Aichach-Friedberg]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Altoetting COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Altötting|Altötting]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Amberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Amberg]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bad Aibling.png|20px]] [[Bad Aibling]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Rosenheim]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bad Toelz-Wolfratshausen.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen|Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Cham COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Cham|Cham]] || Landkreis || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land|Berchtesgadener Land]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bayreuth2.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Bayreuth|Bayreuth]] || Landkreis || Oberfranken || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Cham COA.svg|20px]] [[Cham (Oberpfalz)|Cham]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Dachau.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Dachau|Dachau]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau|Dingolfing-Landau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Donau-Ries COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Donau-Ries|Donau-Ries]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Eichstätt COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Eichstätt|Eichstätt]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Freising COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Freising|Freising]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Erding COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Erding|Erding]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau|Freyung-Grafenau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen|Garmisch-Partenkirchen]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Kelheim.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Kelheim|Kelheim]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landsberg am Lech.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Landsberg am Lech|Landsberg am Lech]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landshut.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Landshut|Landshut]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Lindau Bodensee COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Lindau (Bodensee)|Lindau (Bodensee)]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Muenchen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis München|München]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Passau COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Passau|Passau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm|Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Regen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Regen|Regen]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Regensburg COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Regensburg|Regensburg]] || Landkreis || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Rosenheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Rosenheim|Rosenheim]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Starnberg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Starnberg|Starnberg]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Straubing COA.svg|20px]] [[Straubing]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Straubing-Bogen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen|Straubing-Bogen]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Unterallgaeu.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Unterallgäu|Unterallgäu]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|20px]] [[Weiden in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bad Heilbrunn.svg|20px]] [[Bad Heilbrunn]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Bad Reichenhall - Wappen.svg|20px]] [[Bad Reichenhall]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bayrischzell.svg|20px]] [[Bayrischzell]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Miesbach]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Berchtesgaden.svg|20px]] [[Berchtesgaden]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|20px]] [[Braunau am Inn]] || Stadt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Dasing.svg|20px]] [[Dasing]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Freising.svg|20px]] [[Freising]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Freising]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Fürstenfeldbruck Wappen.svg|20px]] [[Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Furth im Wald.svg|20px]] [[Furth im Wald]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Geisenhausen LA coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Geisenhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Grossaitingen.svg|20px]] [[Großaitingen]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Augsburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Grünwald.png|20px]] [[Grünwald]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis München]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Günzburg.svg|20px]] [[Günzburg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Günzburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Gundelfingen an der Donau.svg|20px]] [[Gundelfingen an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Höchstädt a. d. Donau.svg|20px]] [[Höchstädt an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Kösching COA.svg|20px]] [[Kösching]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Eichstätt]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Loreley COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Loreley|Loreley]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Marktl.png|20px]] [[Marktl]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Altötting]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg|20px]] [[Neuburg an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at niederndorferberg.png|20px]] [[Niederndorferberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Kufstein]] || Tirol || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberschleißheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberschleißheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis München]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Olching.svg|20px]] [[Olching]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at Ostermiething.png|20px]] [[Ostermiething]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Ottensoos COA.svg|20px]] [[Ottensoos]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Nürnberger Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Pähl COA.svg|20px]] [[Pähl]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Rain COA.svg|20px]] [[Rain (Lech)]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Donau-Ries]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at rettenschoess.png|20px]] [[Rettenschöss]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Kufstein]] || Tirol || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Schrobenhausen COA.svg|20px]] [[Schrobenhausen]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|20px]] [[Schwandorf]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Thierhaupten2.svg|20px]] [[Thierhaupten]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Augsburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Velden Vils coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Velden (Vils)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Vilsbiburg.svg|20px]] [[Vilsbiburg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Zwiesel COA.svg|20px]] [[Zwiesel]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
|}

== Ortsgemeinden Rheinland-Pfalz ==

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:DEU Albersweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Albersweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Altrip COA.svg|20px]] [[Altrip]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Argenthal COA.svg|20px]] [[Argenthal]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Bacharach COA.svg|20px]] [[Bacharach]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Barbelroth COA.svg|20px]] [[Barbelroth]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Bellheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Bellheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Biebelnheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Biebelnheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Dittelsheim-Heßloch.png|20px]] [[Dittelsheim-Heßloch]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Dörrenbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Dörrenbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Dörscheid COA.svg|20px]] [[Dörscheid]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Edenkoben COA.svg|20px]] [[Edenkoben]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Einselthum COA.svg|20px]] [[Einselthum]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ellern COA.svg|20px]] [[Ellern (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Flörsheim-Dalsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Flörsheim-Dalsheim]] || Ortsgeimeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Frankweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Frankweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Frettenheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Frettenheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Gehrweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Gehrweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hallgarten COA.svg|20px]] [[Hallgarten (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hangen-Weisheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Hangen-Weisheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hergersweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Hergersweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hinterweidenthal COA.svg|20px]] [[Hinterweidenthal]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südwestpfalz]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Holzbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Holzbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Horn COA.svg|20px]] [[Horn (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kaub COA.svg|20px]] [[Kaub]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Külz COA.svg|20px]] [[Külz (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Manubach COA.svg|20px]] [[Manubach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Maxdorf COA.svg|20px]] [[Maxdorf]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Meckenheim (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Meckenheim (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Dürkheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:DEU Mengerschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Mengerschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:DEU Mölsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Mölsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:DEU Mutterschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Mutterschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Niedermoschel COA.svg|20px]] [[Niedermoschel]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:DEU Niederotterbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Niederotterbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:DEU Oberdiebach COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberdiebach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:DEU Oberndorf (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:DEU Oberotterbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberotterbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:DEU Ohlweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Ohlweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ottersheim bei Landau COA.svg|20px]] [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Rayerschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Rayerschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Reifenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Reifenberg]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südwestpfalz]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ruppertsecken COA.svg|20px]] [[Ruppertsecken]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Simmern COA.svg|20px]] [[Simmern/Hunsrück]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tiefenbach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|20px]] [[Tiefenbach (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Veldenz.svg|20px]] [[Veldenz]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:DEU Volxheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Volxheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|20px]] [[Wachenheim an der Weinstraße]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Bad Dürkheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Walsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Walsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Westheim (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:Wappen von Winden.png|20px]] [[Winden (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
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| [[File:DEU Wonsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Wonsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wüschheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Wüschheim (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
|}

Homberg, Kusel

2024-12-27T06:55:09Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-homberg.jpg → File:DEU Homberg (Lauterecken) COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|name = Homberg
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Homberg (Lauterecken) COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|39|5|N|7|30|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Homberg in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 340
|area = 10.89
|postal_code = 67744
|area_code = 06788
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 044
|website = [http://www.hombergonline.de/ www.hombergonline.de]
|mayor = Marc-Steffen Risch<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Homberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɔmbɛʁk|-|De-Homberg.ogg}}) is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Homberg lies at the edge of the [[North Palatine Uplands]] in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]], roughly 7 km from Lauterecken. The village itself stretches along a high hollow that opens towards the east into the Grumbach valley at an elevation of some 320 m above [[sea level]]. The Schönbornerhof about one kilometre away and with an excellent view over the North Palatine Uplands lies almost 400 m above sea level. The Kellertsberg, a mountain near the village, reaches a height of 450 m.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Location]</ref> The municipal area measures 1 086 ha, of which roughly 130 ha is wooded. These figures take into account the large parcel of land transferred to the municipality from the Baumholder troop drilling ground.

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Homberg borders in the north on the municipality of [[Langweiler, Kusel|Langweiler]], in the east on the municipality of [[Herren-Sulzbach]], in the south on the municipality of [[Kirrweiler, Kusel|Kirrweiler]], in the west on the [[Baumholder]] troop drilling ground and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Unterjeckenbach]]. Homberg also meets the municipality of [[Merzweiler]] at a single point in the northeast.

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Homberg is the outlying homestead of Schönbornerhof.

===Municipality’s layout===
The village of Homberg lies on a through road running from northeast to southwest, and is most thickly concentrated near two intersections roughly in the village centre. One intersection leads to a country path while the other is a road leading to the neighbouring village of [[Herren-Sulzbach]]. The village's appearance is still largely characterized by old farmhouses. All together there is very little in the way of new building activity. The graveyard lies at the village's western entrance on the north side of the road.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
The greater area was already settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], although no [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds have been made within Homberg's own limits to confirm this, unless the vanished village of Käsweiler is prehistoric, an assumption that is far from certain.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
The [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] historical development that Homberg experienced closely matches that experienced by neighbouring villages such as [[Kirrweiler, Kusel|Kirrweiler]], [[Deimberg]], [[Buborn]], [[Langweiler, Kusel|Langweiler]] and [[Hausweiler]]. Like these places, Homberg belonged until 1140 to the [[Nahegau]], and then thereafter until 1263 to the [[Waldgrave|Waldgraviate]], which itself had arisen from the Nahegau. As far as is now known, Homberg had its first documentary mention in 1319. In the document in question, an arbitrator confirmed that Waldgrave Friedrich of Kyrburg had to forgo all his claims to rights to ''Hoenberg'' and a series of other places in the “''Gericht auf der Höhe''” (“Court on the Heights”). The ''Gericht auf der Höhe'' was said to be a constituent district of the “''Hochgericht auf der Heide''” (“[[Blood court|High Court]] on the Heath”), which comprised, roughly, lands in a triangle bounded by the [[Nahe (Rhine)|Nahe]], the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] and the Steinalp (another river). The 1319 document dealt with a dispute between the two Waldgravial sidelines of Kyrburg and Dhaun-Grumbach. About 1344, in his own documents, the name “Friedrich von Hoenberg” appeared. He was obviously a nobleman who came from Homberg, but nothing else about him has come to light. The villages under the ''Gericht auf der Höhe'', among which was Homberg, were pledged first, in 1363, by Johann von Dhaun to [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]]-Starkenburg and then in 1443 by Waldgrave and Rhinegrave Friedrich to the last of the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], namely Friedrich III, whose daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] married [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. The document whereby this arrangement was laid out referred to the village's inhabitants as the “poor people of Grumbach”. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county upon her father Friedrich III's death in 1444, but not his comital title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. Thus, Homberg, and the other villages, too, lay within this duchy, but they were all returned to the Waldgraviate in 1477 when the pledge was redeemed.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Middle Ages]</ref><ref>[http://www.hombergonline.de/hof_01.htm Homberg’s history]</ref>

===Modern times===
Beginning in 1477, Homberg belonged to the lordship of Grumbach until the time of the [[French Revolution]]. Like [[Kirrweiler, Kusel|Kirrweiler]], Homberg was mostly spared the woe of the [[Thirty Years' War]], coming through it more or less unscathed. However, the [[Franco-Dutch War]] was less kind, for in 1677, Homberg was burnt right down by [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] troops. Not one house was left standing, but the Hombergers built their village anew. Homberg was a rich farming village where there was also fruitgrowing. In 1746, according to a court protocol, Phillip Mensch was the ''Reihebürgermeister'', a mayor responsible for a number of villages. In this year, the otherwise trustworthy Mensch got himself into quite a bit of trouble when he [[auction]]ed the communal fruit before the recommended time. It was a pleasant, warm autumn day, the auction went quite well and good prices were paid. Afterwards, the mayor invited the villagers to come and drink at the village [[inn]]. There, bit by bit, all the money wandered into the innkeeper's pockets. However, it had escaped the mayor's notice that a few villagers had not partaken. Those who had been left out were greatly angered and brought the matter before the court in [[Grumbach]]. For this oversight, Phillip Mensch was [[Fine (penalty)|fined]] one ounce.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
After the [[French Revolution]], [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] [[Military occupation|occupied]] the land on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank in 1793, and thereby Homberg, along with the Schönbornerhof too, and this territory was ceded to [[France]]. Through a law from 26 March 1798, the French abolished [[Feudalism|feudal]] rights in their zone of occupation, and there were thus no longer any lordly holdings. During this time and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, Homberg belonged to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Grumbach, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Grumbach, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]]. The [[France|French]] declared the Schönbornerhof national property, and as early as 1795, they had it [[auction]]ed. Thereafter it found itself under private ownership. The new owner was Christian Mohr, whose descendants still live on the Schönbornerhof. An old [[Bible]] from 1754 recalls this time.<ref>[http://www.hombergonline.de/hof_01.htm Schönbornerhof’s history]</ref> The French were driven out of the [[Annexation|annexed]] German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank in 1814, and Napoleon met his ultimate fate at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]] the following year. On 19 October 1814, inhabitants from all villages in the local area turned out and had a freedom celebration on the heights between [[Herren-Sulzbach]] and Homberg while [[cannon]] salutes and bellringing from Herren-Sulzbach filled the air with the merry mood. In 1816, Homberg passed to the [[Principality of Lichtenberg]] (''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Grumbach), a newly created [[exclave]] of the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], which as of 1826 became the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]. As part of this state, it passed in 1834 to the Kingdom of [[Prussia]], which made this area into the Sankt Wendel district. Later, after the [[First World War]], the [[Treaty of Versailles]] stipulated, among other things, that 26 of the Sankt Wendel district’s 94 municipalities had to be ceded to the [[United Kingdom|British]]- and French-[[Military occupation|occupied]] [[Saar (League of Nations)|Saar]]. The remaining 68 municipalities then bore the designation “Restkreis St. Wendel-Baumholder”, with the first syllable of ''Restkreis'' having the same meaning as in English, in the sense of “left over”. Homberg belonged to this district until 1937, when it was transferred to the [[Birkenfeld (district)|Birkenfeld district]], newly formed out of Lichtenberg and a former [[Grand Duchy of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]] district also called Birkenfeld. This lay within the [[Prussia]]n ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' of Koblenz. After the [[Second World War]], Homberg lay at first in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Koblenz in the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. In the course of administrative restructuring in the state in 1968, the ''Amt'' of Grumbach was dissolved and in 1969, Homberg was transferred, this time to the Kusel district, in which it remains today. In 1972, it passed to the newly founded [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]] and at the same time to the likewise newly founded ''Regierungsbezirk'' of [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] (Rhineland-Palatinate has since abolished its ''Regierungsbezirke'').<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Recent times]</ref> In 1859, there was a devastating fire that burnt 47 buildings in Homberg down. The people saved themselves, but there was much loss of life among the livestock. The damage was estimated at 35,000 [[Thaler]]. The [[William I, German Emperor|Prussian king]] granted reconstruction aid in the amount of 1,000 Thaler, and all neighbouring villages, and even some in the [[Meisenheim]] area, gathered up funds to help the Hombergers make a new beginning. In the course of reconstruction, water channels were dug and a municipal centre was built. At that time, the foremost things in villagers’ lives were land and livestock. Even a century later, Homberg was still mainly [[Agriculture|agricultural]]. In 1958, there were still:
* 18 horses
* 337 cows
* 217 swine
* 7 beekeepers
Though Homberg had always been a place where the people earned their livelihoods at farming, structural changes after the [[Second World War]] have wrought significant differences in today's village. The number of full-time farmers has shrunk, although there are still some who farm as a secondary occupation. Most of the village's workforce now works at craft industries.<ref>[http://www.hombergonline.de/geschichte_wappen.htm Homberg’s history]</ref> Under Rhineland-Palatinate's ''Landesgesetz über die Auflösung des Gutsbezirks Baumholder und seine kommunale Neugliederung'' (roughly “State Law For Dissolving the Regional Estate of Baumholder and Annexing It to Municipalities”) on 2 November 1993 (GVBl. S. 518), the former municipal area of the long vanished village of Ilgesheim – the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] had evacuated it in 1933 for military purposes – was annexed to Homberg with effect from 1 January 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hombergonline.de/ |title="Ortsbeschreibung" |access-date=2007-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719041515/http://www.hombergonline.de/ |archive-date=2011-07-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Compare maps: old municipal boundary map: Walther Hubatsch (publisher): Grundriß zur deutschen Verwaltungsgeschichte 1815-1945, Band 7, Marburg/Lahn 1978, Karten-Anlage 8; new municipal boundary map: Landesvermessungsamt Rheinland-Pfalz, Rheinland-Pfalz (publisher): Übersichtskarte mit Gemeindegrenzen Ausgabe B, EAN / {{ISBN|9783896373168}}</ref> This acquisition had been part of the Baumholder troop drilling ground. It increased Homberg's land area by about 700 ha – it had been only 300 ha or so before the land transfer.

===The Schönbornerhof===
On the road leading out of Homberg towards [[Kirrweiler, Kusel|Kirrweiler]] and [[Glanbrücken]], one beholds a great farm, the Schönbornerhof, whose history is long and varied. This old estate, nowadays actually run as two separate farms, is an outlying ''[[Ortsteil]]'' of Homberg. Old documents up until 1605 speak of the ''Sulzbacher Hof'', which can be explained by a tight bond with nearby Herren-Sulzbach, which was likewise held by the [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of Saint John]]. According to [[legend]] passed down through a report by a Mr. Karsch, on the site of the ''Sulzbacher Hof'' once lay a wounded warrior whose searing wounds and great thirst led him to believe that he would surely die. There, however, he heard running water, and dragged himself to the [[spring (hydrology)|spring]]. He drank from it and his wounds healed. His joy and thanks for this convinced him to stay, build a cabin and name the place ''zuo dem schönen brunne'' (“at the lovely spring”), which later became ''Shonenbrunn'' (1290) and ''Schönborn''. Whether the ending ''—born'' refers to the spring or the cabin might be a pointless question, for it is known that springs and wells were often housed in a little hut to keep the water clean. In the historical record, on the other hand, it is known that until 1290, the Schönbornerhof belonged to the knight Sir Berthold von Grumbach, a courtier of the Waldgraves of Dhaun. Together with his holding of Sulzbach, Berthold bequeathed the estate to his sons, Berthold, Hartrade and Johannes, who were Knights-Hospitaller priests of the Holy House of the Hospital of Ulm. Thus did the estate, with its extensive lands – almost 500 ''[[Morgen]]'' (or 160 ha) – pass into the [[Knights Hospitaller]]’s ownership and become their local seat. Later, the Knights built themselves a new house for the Order in Sulzbach, the fittingly named ''Haus zu Sulzbach'' (“House at Sulzbach”), and [[Renting|let]] the Schönbornerhof to courtiers, whose names are not recorded. Until the monastery building was completed in the neighbouring village, the estate was for a few years the seat of the provostry.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Middle Ages]</ref> Over time, the Knights’ interest in the estate dwindled and they set about selling it. In 1517, the Order of Saint John wanted to sell the Schönbornerhof to Jakob von Montfort, whose family, the robber-knight House of Montfort, had held as its seat the knightly [[castle]] at Montfort near [[Bad Kreuznach]], not far from the Lemberg (mountain). This had been destroyed in 1456. Its dwellers now had to make do with humbler lodgings. Thus it was thought that the Order's offer to Jakob von Montfort might come in handy as a place to build a new home for himself and his family for the future. It seemed like an ideal arrangement. The Montforts thus acquired the estate, but were not very good at keeping up on the payments. They could come up with neither the asking price of 200 [[Rhenish guilder]]s nor the yearly interest of 10 guilders payable until such time as the sale was completed, and thus had to leave the estate. The estate thus passed back to the Order of Saint John and was then pledged to two townsmen, one from [[Herren-Sulzbach]] and the other from [[Kirrweiler, Kusel|Kirrweiler]]. One, though, had the same problem as the Montforts; so actually, the Order ended up keeping one half of the Schönbornerhof while the townsman who could pay his half of the selling price came into ownership of the other half. In 1556, the Order sold its half to the lordship in [[Grumbach]], and fifty years later, in 1606, the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves of Grumbach managed to acquire the other half through exchange. Beginning in 1614, the Counts put the estate into ''Erbbestand'' (a uniquely German landhold arrangement in which ownership rights and usage rights are separated; this is forbidden by law in modern Germany). An exhaustive “letter of ''Erbbestand''” still exists at the ''Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz'' ([[Koblenz]] Main State [[Archive]]). The holders of the ''Erbbestand'' changed often. Even if the Schönbornerhof had been put into ''Erbbestand'', it also time and again served the Counts of Grumbach as a temporary lodging and hunting seat. In 1691, Waldgrave and Rhinegrave Leopold Phillip Wuilhelm built a small hunting lodge on the estate, which saw avid use. This earned a certain historical importance after, in 1709, things went greatly awry for [[Stanisław Leszczyński]]. He was king of [[Poland]], but when his protégé King [[Charles XII of Sweden]] lost a [[Battle of Poltava|battle]] against the [[Russia]]n tsar [[Peter the Great]], Stanisław had to flee Poland. By way of [[Turkey]], following a long, circuitous route, he found his way to the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], which in 1681 had become [[Sweden|Swedish]]. It was his first visit to Germany. His flight took him through the Lordship of Grumbach in 1714, where he was received by the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves and taken to the Schönbornerhof. There he was wined and dined in kingly fashion. At the table, the Count's young son was supposed to wait on this high-ranking guest. Once, when the boy began to weep bitterly, the king asked why, and learnt that his young waiter was merely very hungry. Laughing, Stanisław saw to it that the child's hunger was quickly banished. Among Leszczyński's entourage was his daughter [[Marie Leszczyńska|Maria]], later French [[Louis XV of France|King Louis XV's]] consort. Even in his old age, the king is said to have remembered his reception at the Schönbornerhof fondly.<ref>[http://www.hombergonline.de/hof_01.htm Schönbornerhof’s history]</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Homberg’s history]</ref>

===Population development===
The village has a rural structure to this day. Until a few decades ago, most of the villagers earned their livelihoods in [[agriculture]]. Besides farmers, there were also farmhands, forestry workers and a few craftsmen. There were hardly any other jobs to be had. Even today, the municipal area is under agricultural use. Nevertheless, a great number of people in Homberg need to seek work outside the village. As early as 1955, out of 56 members of the workforce, 46 held jobs outside the village.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Homberg:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Homberg’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1815 || 1860 || 1900 || 1925 || 1958 || 2008
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 141 || 209 || 259 || 284 || 277 || 219
|}

===Municipality’s names===
Homberg was named in documents from 1319 and 1324, and even as late as 1448, as ''Hoenberg''. About 1500, the form ''Hombergk'' cropped up, but it has been Homberg since 1650. However, in the 1797 ''Schmitt´sche Karte'' (map), the local dialectal pronunciation of the name in use even now is to be seen: ''Homerisch'' (or, according to another source, ''Homrich''). This stems from the formation of an [[Epenthesis|intrusive vowel]], “[ɪ]”, which yielded first ''Homberich'', then ''Homerich'', and finally ''Homerisch''. The village's name sprang originally from a field name, ''ze dem hohen berge''. In [[German language|Modern High German]] this would be rendered ''zu dem'' (or ''zum'') ''hohen Berg(e)'', which means “at the high hill (or mountain)”. Homberg was a relatively late founding in the 10th or 11th century.

The Schönbornerhof, an historic farm in Homberg, had its first documentary mention in 1290, while Homberg itself was first noted in 1319. The village belonged to the [[Waldgrave]]s and Rhinegraves, bearing witness to which is the lion in the municipality's [[coat of arms]]. The name makes clear a link with a [[spring (hydrology)|spring]] (the element ''—born—'' still means “spring” in [[German language|Modern High German]], although the usual form is ''Brunnen'') at the founding site, while the first syllable, ''Schön—'' (meaning “lovely” or “nice”) likely refers to the estate's location with its lovely view.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Municipality’s names]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
Within what are now Homberg's limits once lay the village of Käsweiler, named in 1319 as ''Kesewilre'' (or ''Kesvilre'') and about 1500 as ''Keßwiller''. The village, however, had vanished even before 1500. Nothing is known about why this happened, but it could have been the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]], which was ravaging [[Europe]] at the time, that sealed the village's fate. All that is found on its former site now is cropland, but it does bear the cadastral name Kesweiler or Käsweiler, thus commemorating the old village. Every so often, stones and bits of wall are supposedly still found. It is likely that this village was considerably older than Homberg itself. The Mr. Karsch mentioned above took the view that Käsweiler had arisen as long ago as pre-Germanic times. It is however questionable as to whether this opinion is tenable. Nevertheless, the monosyllabic prefix ''Käs—'' goes back to the [[Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Romance]] word ''cassinus'', meaning “oak”, which also gave rise to the [[French language|French]] word for that tree, ''chêne''. The word ''Käsz'' can also be found in the Alemannic languages, meaning “oaken mast”. Places with the name element ''—weiler'', which as a standalone word means “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]” (originally “homestead”), cannot be dated very accurately by this fact alone, as they arose over a very long timespan. The name's original meaning, however, could have been something like “Homestead/Hamlet/Farm at an oak forest”. Most likely, however, it is a case of a village with the name element ''—weiler'' founded, as so many were, in the [[Early Middle Ages]]. Then, the term ''Kes'' for “oak”, whether of Celtic or Germanic origin, would still have been known in the region.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
Within the region governed by the ''Gericht auf der Höhe'' (“Court on the Heights”), a parish likely existed in the [[Early Middle Ages]] whose hub was a church in the [[Kirrweiler, Kusel|Kirrweiler]] area and to which Homberg, too, belonged. It would have lain within the [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]]. Later, the hub shifted to the village of [[Herren-Sulzbach]] with its [[church (building)|church]]. With the introduction of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] into the Waldgravial-Rhinegravial House of Grumbach, the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] parish of Herren-Sulzbach was founded in 1556. Homberg has belonged ever since to this parish. Until the [[Thirty Years' War]], everybody in the village was Protestant. After the war, other [[Christianity|Christian]] denominations were tolerated, but they did not earn any special significance. To this day, most inhabitants are [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairwoman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360404400.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Homberg's mayor is Marc-Steffen Risch.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: {{lang|de|In schräglinks geteiltem Schild vorne einen roten, blaubewehrten und -gezungten Löwen in Gold, hinten in schwarz ein silbernes Haus unter einem silbernen Jagdhorn.}}

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Per bend sinister Or a lion rampant sinister gules armed and langued azure and sable a house under a bugle-horn both argent.

The lion [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side is a reference to the village's former allegiance to the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves. The charges on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side likewise refer to the former lords; the house is their old hunting lodge on the Schönbornerhof, and the bugle-horn – described as a “hunting horn” (''Jagdhorn'') in the German blazon – refers to their leisure pursuit.<ref>[http://www.hombergonline.de/geschichte_wappen.htm Description and explanation of Homberg’s arms]</ref> The arms have been borne since 1964 when they were approved by the [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] Ministry of the Interior.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Description and explanation of Homberg’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Near Hauptstraße 20 – former [[fire engine]] house; one-floor stone block building, open bell frame, possibly from the mid 19th century, wooden gate from the 1920s

===Regular events===
* [[Kermis|''Kirmes'']] on the last Sunday in July
* Singers’ Festival (every other year)
* Fire Brigade Festival (every other year)
* [[Father's Day]] Festival with church service on [[Ascension Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hombergonline.de/ |title=Regular events in Homberg |access-date=2007-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719041515/http://www.hombergonline.de/ |archive-date=2011-07-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Old customs, which were formerly common in all villages in the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] region, are hardly ever observed in the village today.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Two clubs characterize Homberg's social life, the men's singing club, founded in 1909 and the [[Gymnastics|gymnastic]] club, founded in 1922.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Since the [[Second World War]], the number of [[Agriculture|agricultural]] operations has shrunk greatly, although farmland has remained largely preserved. Thus, the operations that were still in business became bigger. Farming shifted from a primary income earner to a secondary one. In more recent years, though, some farms have been given up.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
As in other villages in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Grumbach that were thus affected by the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], efforts also began in Homberg in the late 16th century to establish schools and teach children. People were to be given the ability to read the [[Bible]] for themselves. The general level of learning would thereby be raised. School attendance was at first voluntary. Regular lessons were likely only introduced in the earlier half of the 18th century. Only in 1909 did Homberg get its own schoolhouse with a teacher's dwelling. Until then, schoolchildren had had to attend classes in the neighbouring village of [[Herren-Sulzbach]]. The [[one-room school]] was dissolved in 1968. Thereafter, [[primary school]] pupils at first went to the [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Offenbach]] primary school and older students to the ''[[Hauptschule]] Offenbach-[[Sankt Julian]]''. About 1980, there were further changes. Primary school pupils were then taught in Sankt Julian while Hauptschule students went to the ''Hauptschule [[Lauterecken]]'', a few of whose classes were for a while housed at the Offenbach schoolhouse. The old Homburg schoolhouse, meanwhile, passed into private ownership. There were formerly opportunities to take commercial classes in Offenbach and [[Idar-Oberstein]]. Young farmers could attend agricultural schools in [[Meisenheim]] and [[Baumholder]], and after local governmental restructuring in 1968, also in [[Kusel]]. Vocational training is now handled by the [[vocational school]]s in Kusel. [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] are available in Lauterecken, [[Meisenheim]] and [[Kusel]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Homberg can be reached over ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 373, which leads from [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Offenbach]] to ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270 (which runs to the north), crossing this near [[Langweiler, Kusel|Langweiler]]. The nearest ''Bundesstraßen'' are the B270 (1.5 km away) and the B420 (4 km away). The nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]] is near [[Kusel]] and thus some 20 km away. Serving [[Lauterecken]] is a [[railway station]] on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]'' some 7 km away.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7540 Transport]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Homberg (near Lauterecken)}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719041515/http://www.hombergonline.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Hohenöllen

2024-12-26T05:53:16Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-hohenoellen.jpg → File:DEU Hohenöllen COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Hohenöllen COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|37|12|N|7|37|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hohenöllen in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 312
|area = 5.17
|postal_code = 67744
|area_code = 06382
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 043
|website = [http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/hohenoellen/index.phtml vg-lauterecken.de]
|mayor = Hans Jürgen Reule<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Hohenöllen''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies on a high plateau at the edge of a mountain east of and above the [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] valley in the [[North Palatine Uplands]] at an elevation of some 315 m above [[sea level]]. There is a particularly picturesque view of Hohenöllen in the heights from the valley. Other heights within municipal limits are the Hansmauler Kopf in the south (325 m) and the Wolfersheck in the north (366 m). The [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of the Sulzhof with its 15 or so houses lies north of the village on the way to [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]], which itself lies roughly 4 km from Hohenöllen's main centre in the Sulzbach valley at an elevation of only 227 m above sea level. The Birkenhof was founded about 1970 as an ''[[Aussiedlerhof]]'' (outlying [[Agriculture|agricultural]] settlement), and lies about 200 m north of Hohenöllen. The municipal area measures 517 ha, of which roughly 9 ha is settled and 95 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Hohenöllen borders in the north on the municipality of [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]], in the northeast on the municipality of [[Ginsweiler]], in the east on the municipality of [[Reipoltskirchen]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Einöllen]], in the south on the municipality of [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]], in the west on the municipality of [[Heinzenhausen]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Lohnweiler]] and the town of [[Lauterecken]]. Hohenöllen also meets the town of [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]] at a single point in the southwest.

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Hohenöllen are the outlying homesteads of Sulzhof and Birkenhof.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Constituent communities]</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
Hohenöllen is a clump village whose main inhabited area lies on an old road running upon the plateau, skirting the Lauter valley's steeply sloped eastern edge. Particularly noteworthy buildings named by Schüler-Beigang are the schoolhouse and a classroom that stands next door, a day labourer's house and the war memorial that stands in the open countryside to the village's south. Otherwise, the village's appearance is dominated by farmhouses, either ''Einfirsthäuser'' (houses with a single roof ridge) or ''Quereinhäuser'' (combination residential and commercial houses divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), and also workers’ houses. Many farmhouses have been converted to purely residential use. Small new development areas mark the village's outskirts. To the south lies the graveyard. The Sulzhof, lying on both sides of the Sulzbach, was originally made up of a few farmhouses and an [[inn]]. These buildings, too, have mostly been converted to purely residential use.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
The countryside around Hohenöllen was settled as early as [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], bearing witness to which are [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds, such as one made in 1964 in Hob (a rural cadastral name) by a student, a [[Stone tool|stone hatchet]] made of hard, grey stone with a pointed knob and offset sides, and with a length of 9.4 cm. Another such hatchet was found in some heaped earth near a farm. The earth itself had been heaped there more than one hundred years earlier, having likewise been dug up in Hob. [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] finds have not come to light in Hohenöllen itself, unlike what has been found in neighbouring villages. The road running by the village is often called a [[Roman roads|Roman road]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
An exact date for Hohenöllen's founding cannot be determined; the vanished and later revived centre of Sulzbach (now called the Sulzhof) might well have been older. It is believed to have arisen in the 8th or 9th century, whereas the village itself arose only in the 10th or 11th century. Both centres lay in the [[Nahegau]] and passed to the [[County of Veldenz]] when this became independent in the early 12th century. In 1268, Hohenöllen had its first documentary mention in Goswin Widder's book about [[Electoral Palatinate]], in which he refers to a lecture by the [[Heidelberg]] historian Grollius that mentioned that in that year, Craffto von Boxberg, whose wife was a Countess of Veldenz, leased, among other things, his holdings in ''Hohenhelden'' (Hohenöllen) to the Counts of Landsberg. The transaction was linked to the Veldenz transition from the older line to the newer line. Both Hohenöllen and Sulzbach were later named repeatedly in Veldenz documents. In 1431, Henchin Wolf von Spanheim acknowledged that he had received a series of holdings from Count Friedrich III of Veldenz, among them certain taxation rights in ''Hohenhelde''. That same year, Henchin Wolf announced to the Count that his late brother had sold these income rights. A year later, Count Friedrich granted Henchin leave to transfer the [[tithe]]s from ''Hohenhelde'' to his wife Fyhe von Eyche as a widow's estate. Then, in 1438, Henchin sold the Count the estate, which had since become his own, along with the income rights in ''Hohenhelde''. As early as the 14th century, Hohenöllen was described as an ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' seat. The village was seat of an ''Unteramt'' within the Veldenz, and later [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]], ''Oberamt'' of Meisenheim. The ''Unteramt'' seat was later moved to [[Einöllen]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Middle Ages]</ref>

====Sulzbach====
Sulzbach, on the other hand, was home to nobles, such as a Rudolf von Soltzbach in 1387. It is often hard to tell whether the lords took their name from the local place or from the like-named and likewise vanished village of Sulzbach that once lay within [[Bedesbach]]’s current limits. In 1444, the newer line of the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] died out in the male line. The last count's daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] had married [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father's title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. It was likely sometime before 1500 that the village of Sulzbach vanished. It is unlikely to have happened during [[Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Ludwig I's]] (Ludwig the Black's) warlike disputes. It is assumed, rather, that it was an [[epidemic]] that put an end to the village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Middle Ages – Sulzbach]</ref>

===Modern times===
From 1544, the text of a ''Weistum'' (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times) from Hohenöllen has been preserved. Hardship and woe were brought to the village by the [[Thirty Years' War]] and the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]]. Further suffering came in the late 17th century with [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest. In 1672, eleven families were once again living in the village, making Hohenöllen one of the biggest villages in the greater area. Hohenöllen belonged to the County Palatine of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]] until it became part of [[Electoral Palatinate]] in 1768. The instrument whereby this happened was the [[Seltz|Selz]]-[[Hagenbach]] Treaty, also known as the [[Schwetzingen]] Compromise, under whose terms Zweibrücken exchanged a series of villages for another series of hitherto Electoral Palatinate villages, the former series comprising mainly the Zweibrücken villages in the ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' of Einöllen with Hohenöllen, the then town of [[Odernheim]], Frankweiler, [[Niederhausen]], [[Hochstätten]] and [[Melsheim]] (now in [[France]]), and the latter series comprising the Electoral Palatinate ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Ämter]]'' of Selz and Hagenbach (whose like-named seats today lie in France and Germany respectively). The seat of the ''Unteramt'' was now [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], which belonged to the Electoral Palatinate ''Oberamt'' of Kaiserslautern. Nevertheless, this arrangement lasted only a bit less than three decades before the whole [[Feudalism|feudal]] system was swept away. Goswin Widder, who about 1788 published a four-volume work about all Electoral Palatinate places, put together the following description: “Hohenöllen lies one and a half hours down from Wolfstein on the Lauter’s right bank. … A quarter hour to the side lies a considerable farm, called Sulzhof. Including this, the population of 41 families, which comprise 224 souls, is great. Besides a school, there are 33 townsmen’s houses and common houses. The municipal area contains 978 ''Morgen'' of cropfields, 100 ''Morgen'' of [[vineyard]]s, 6 ''Morgen'' of [[garden]]s, 80 ''Morgen'' of [[meadow]]s, 308 ''Morgen'' of [[forest]]. This last belongs partly to the municipality, partly to the Baron of Fürstenwärther and a few subjects, also at the Sulzhof. They are subordinate to the forestry duties of the forester at [[Katzweiler]].”<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
[[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] were [[Military operation|operating]] in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] beginning in 1793 as the old ruling structures were being dissolved bit by bit. In 1798, the inhabitants of Hohenöllen were under orders to set up a [[Liberty pole]], but they refused to do so. In 1801, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were [[Annexation|annexed]] to the [[French First Republic|French Republic]]. Hohenöllen now belonged to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Lauterecken, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Lauterecken, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). In 1814, the French were driven out. A commission made up of [[Prussia]]ns, [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarians]] and [[Austrian Empire|Austrians]] administered the area until eventually, the ''Baierischer Rheinkreis'' (“Bavarian Rhine District”) was founded, later known as the ''Rheinpfalz'' (“Rhenish Palatinate”). The [[Congress of Vienna]] awarded this territory to Bavaria in 1816. Within the ''Rheinpfalz'', Hohenöllen belonged to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Lauterecken, the Canton of Lauterecken and the ''Landkommissariat'' of Kusel. From the ''Landkommissariat'' later arose the ''Bezirksamt'', and then the ''Landkreis'' (district). In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) became quite popular in Hohenöllen. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], 51.8% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, but by the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had shrunk to 45.7%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], though, after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 64.9%. Hitler's success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. Even after the [[First World War]], Hohenöllen belonged to [[Bavaria]], although it was no longer a [[Monarchy|kingdom]] now that the [[Ludwig III of Bavaria|last king]], and of course the [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser]], had [[Abdication|abdicated]]. After the [[Second World War]], the Palatinate was separated from Bavaria and became part of the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. In the course of administrative restructuring in the state, the old administrative structures were dissolved, and in early 1972, Hohenöllen, along with the Sulzhof, passed as an ''Ortsgemeinde'' to the newly founded [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
Even into the 20th century, most inhabitants in Hohenöllen earned their livelihoods in [[agriculture]]. This reality has, however, undergone a fundamental shift since then. Today, 95% of those in the workforce must now seek work elsewhere, outside the village. Hohenöllen is thus no longer a farming village. Even when it was, though, there were other ways to earn a living than by farming. There were jobs in mining and quarrying, and one could also become a ''Wandermusikant'', or travelling musician (see the [[Hinzweiler]] article for more about this). According to 1906 statistics, 65 musicians from Hohenöllen were travelling the world plying their trade at the time. The population figures broke the 500 mark as early as the early 19th century, peaking around the turn of the 20th century. Since then, the trend has been towards a steady fall in numbers. [[Commuting|Commuters]] go to jobs in, among other places, [[Kaiserslautern]], [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], [[Kusel]], [[Lauterecken]] and [[Meisenheim]].

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Hohenöllen, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Hohenöllen’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1788 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1998 || 2010
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 222 || 420 || 507 || 455 || 555 || 457 || 488 || 435 || 396
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   || 69 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 54 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   || 351 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 434 ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s names===
The second part of the name, ''—öllen'', developed out of the [[Middle High German]] word ''helde'' ([[German language|Modern High German]]: ''Halde''), meaning “heap” or “mound”, referring to the steep slope between the village and the [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] valley. The first part of the name, ''Hohen—'', is a [[Declension|declined]] form of the adjective ''hoch'' (“high”). Thus, the village's name can be taken to mean “Settlement behind the steep slope”. The link with the earlier form, ''helde'', can be seen in some of the name's earlier forms: ''Hohenhelde'' (1268), ''Hoynhelden daz Ampt'' (1387), ''Honellen'' (1565).

The Sulzhof, an outlying centre of Hohenöllen, was originally a village in its own right, named Sulzbach. The ''Sulz—'' may have referred to a salty [[spring (hydrology)|spring]], or perhaps to a boggy forest floor. Former names include Solzbach (1321) and Wüst solzbach (1543). ''Wüst'' means “forsaken” or “waste”; by 1543, the village had been given up.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Municipality’s names]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
Sulzbach was already being described as a downfallen village in the 16th century, and may well have been uninhabited for 200 years before rising once again as the Sulzhof.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
Hohenöllen originally belonged to the Glan [[chapter (religion)|chapter]] in the [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]]. The ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Hohenhelden formed a parish together with the mother church in [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach|Tiefenbach]], which was tended by the [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of Saint John]] from [[Meisenheim]]. With the introduction of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], at the Prince-Bishop-Elector's decree, everyone [[Religious conversion|became]] first [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]], and then, as of 1588, [[Calvinism|Calvinist]]. After the [[Thirty Years' War]], villagers could once again choose their faith, and also, adherents of any [[Christianity|Christian]] denomination were free to come and settle. During [[Electoral Palatinate]] times, the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] faith was once again to be promoted (but not [[Forced conversion|enforced]]). Nevertheless, most people kept their [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] (Calvinist) beliefs. About 1700, the Reformed parish seat was moved to Einöllen. Lutherans belonged to the Church of Roßbach (nowadays an outlying centre of [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]). Today, about 80% of the villagers are [[Protestantism|Protestant]]. The Catholic Christians now officially belong to the Church of Reipoltskirchen, but usually attend services in [[Lauterecken]]. There are no [[Judaism|Jews]] living in Hohenöllen.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360404300.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Hohenöllen's mayor is Hans Jürgen Reule.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per bend sable a plough bendwise Or and argent a lyre azure.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side, the plough, hearkens back to the days when Hohenöllen was a farming village. The charge on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side, the lyre, refers to the former industry of travelling musicians, ''[[Musikantentum]]''. The arms have been borne since 1979 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Description and explanation of Hohenöllen’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Vordergasse 2, 4, 7 – former [[school]]; no. 4 one-floor plastered building with [[ridge turret]], 1829; no. 2 addition with dwelling and teaching room, 1849, architect Johann Schmeisser, [[Kusel]]; no. 7 one-floor building with hipped roof with ridge turret, 1898, architect Regional Master Builder Kleinhans
* Warriors’ memorial for the fallen of both [[world war]]s, south of the village – [[sandstone]]-block [[stele]], 1922 by sculptor Strauß, [[Lauterecken]], expanded in 1952

===Regular events===
Hohenöllen holds its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerb'') on the second weekend in September. On the Monday, two “Lulus” show up, young men wearing masks who pull the wagon of the ''Straußmädchen'' and ''Straußbuben'' (“bouquet girls and boys”). The custom supposedly goes back to a spoof on [[Napoleon]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Hohenöllen is a village with great community spirit, and with the following clubs, which reflect that:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Clubs]</ref>
*''Männergesangverein 1881'' — men's singing club
*''Radfahrverein “Blitz”'' — [[cycling]]
*''FC Blau-Weiß Hohenöllen mit Spielgemeinschaft SG Herrenberg Hohenöllen'' — [[Association football|football]] club
*''Förderverein “Freiwillige Feuerwehr”'' — volunteer [[fire brigade]] promotional association
*''Krieger- und Militärverein'' — warrior and military club

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Besides [[Agriculture|agricultural]] operations, which included [[winegrowing]] and fruitgrowing in earlier times, Hohenöllen had the customary craft occupations in the village itself, along with the St. Antonius [[Coal mining|colliery]], in business from 1777 to sometime towards 1900; it was quite small, employing about five workers. There was also a [[limestone]] mine, and for the village's own needs, there were also stone quarries. The village still has one [[inn]] (at the Sulzhof). Further independent businesses are no longer to be found here. The village is therefore a typical country community with a very great number of [[Commuting|commuters]] living in it.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
The first schoolhouse was built sometime about 1770 as a simple [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] building for a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare). This schoolhouse was torn down in the early 19th century, and in 1829, on the same spot, a new schoolhouse was built. In the beginning, both [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] and [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] schoolchildren were taught together. Since not all the children could be taught in the [[One-room school|single room]], the municipality acquired a private house in 1843 in which an assistant would take over teaching for the few Catholic schoolchildren. Because two classes of greatly differing sizes (about 60:15) would then arise, the municipality opposed the government's plans. Thus it became possible for the actual schoolteacher to teach in the big class and for a trainee to take the smaller class in the auxiliary space. About 1870, the schoolhouse was given a [[ridge turret]] in which a bell could be hung. A new schoolhouse in the [[Classicism|Classicist]] style was built in 1899 with one classroom for the [[primary school]] pupils, while the upper classes remained at the old schoolhouse. Beginning in the 1922/1923 school year, the two classes switched places. About 1969, the two-class Hohenöllen school was dissolved. The upper class went to the [[Hauptschule]] in [[Lauterecken]] while the lower class went to the [[Lohnweiler]]-[[Heinzenhausen]] primary school. The old Hohenöllen schoolhouse passed into private ownership. The so-called new schoolhouse was taken over by the municipality for its own requirements.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Hohenöllen lies on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 383, branching off which in the middle of the village is ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 51, leading towards [[Reipoltskirchen]]. The nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s are the ones at [[Kaiserslautern]] and [[Kusel]], each some 25 km away. To the west runs ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270. The nearest [[railway station]] is [[Lohnweiler]]-[[Heinzenhausen]] on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]'', some 5 km away.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7539 Transport]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130305080857/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hohen%C3%B6llen/ Hohenöllen in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hohenollen}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

List of coats of arms with the Palatine Lion

2024-12-25T09:56:43Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-heinzenhausen.jpg → File:DEU Heinzenhausen COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{short description|None}}

[[File:DEU Neustadt an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|thumb|125px|Palatine Lion ]]

This '''list of coats of arms bearing the Palatine Lion''' includes municipal [[coats of arms]] as well as other shields and company [[logo]]s which depict the [[Palatine Lion]].

== The Palatine Lion in coats of arms of regional bodies and administrations ==
[[File:Verbreitungskarte Pfälzer Löwe.png|thumb|300px|Distribution of the Palatine Lion emblem]]
Key to the columns
*''Status'':
**'''Federal state''' = [[States of Germany|Federal state of Germany]]
**'''Former municipality''' = former independent village parish (''Ortsgemeinde'')
**'''former prov.''' = former province (''Regierungsbezirk'' or ''Bezirk'')
**'''Higher ad.''' = higher level administration (''höhere Kommunalverwaltung'')
**'''Former co.''' = former county (''Landkreis'')
**'''parish''' = village/town district/parish and other administrative units at village level
**'''VG''' = collective municipality (''Verbandsgemeinde'')
*''Remarks'':
**Only used where there are variations from the normal design or to links to separate articles

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7"
! class="unsortable"| Coat of arms || Status || Name || VG / Co. / Prov.
! State || Remarks
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neustadt an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Heidelberg.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Heidelberg]] || Heidelberg || Baden-Württemberg || on three green hills
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Pleystein.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Pleystein]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Schriesheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schriesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || standing on two crossed diagonal arrows
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Altdorf bei Nürnberg.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Altdorf bei Nürnberg]] || Nuremberg Land || Bavaria || bearing a shield
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Altrip COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altrip]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Dilsberg.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Dilsberg]]<br />''part of [[Neckargemünd]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frankenthal COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]] || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Horschbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Horschbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || charged with a diagonal silver wavy line
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lambsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Lambsheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen bvpfalz.jpg|50x50px]] || higher ad. || Palatinate (provincial authority) || [[Palatinate region]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rheinpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || former province || [[Circle of Rhine|Rhenish Palatinate]] || || [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bad Sobernheim (1924) COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bad Sobernheim]] || [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || bearing the [[Wheel of Mainz]] in its forepaws
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oberbayern.svg|50x50px]] || higher ad. || [[Upper Bavaria]] || || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Klosterkumbd COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Klosterkumbd]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || tail queue fourchy, bearing a golden sword
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Quirnbach (Pfalz).jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Glan-Münchweiler|VG Glan-Münchweiler]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, regardant, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Mannheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Mannheim|Mannheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ludwigshafen COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]] || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, armed gold, regardant, as shield bearer
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Flossenbürg.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Flossenbürg, Bavaria|Flossenbürg]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || crowned and armed gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hammelbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Grasellenbach|Hammelbach]]<br />''part of [[Grasellenbach]]'' || Bergstraße || Hesse ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Braunau am Inn]] || [[province Braunau am Inn]] || Upper Austria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hof2.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Hof (Saale)]] || Hof (Saale) || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lindenfels COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Lindenfels]] || [[Kreis Bergstraße|Bergstraße]] || Hesse ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lauterhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Lauterhofen]] || Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria || two lions combattant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Baden-Württemberg]] || || Baden-Württemberg || [[Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg|details]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Aspisheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Aspisheim]] || VG Sprendlingen-Gensingen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bechhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bechhofen (Pfalz)]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Edingen-Neckarhausen.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Edingen-Neckarhausen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Föckelberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Föckelberg]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || charged with a diagonal silver wavy line
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim|Gau-Algesheim]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Grafenwöhr.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Grafenwöhr]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mannheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Mannheim]] || Mannheim || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen matzenbach.jpg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Matzenbach]] || [[Landkreis Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears a golden millstone
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Nanzdietschweiler.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Nanzdietschweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Glan-Münchweiler|VG Glan-Münchweiler]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neunkirchen am Potzberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Niederkumbd.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederkumbd]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück|| Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rieschweiler-Mühlbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen LK Suedwestpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Südwestpfalz]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Moosbrunn.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Moosbrunn (Schönbrunn)|Moosbrunn]]<br />''part of [[Schönbrunn (Baden)|Schönbrunn]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, colours reversed, armed sable, langued gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Rhein-Neckar-Kreis.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || || Baden-Württemberg || colours reversed in order to comply with [[rule of tincture]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Wagenschwend.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Wagenschwend]]<br />''part of [[Limbach (Baden)|Limbach]]'' || Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Sinsheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Sinsheim|Sinsheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dienheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dienheim]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Gondershausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Gondershausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Luetzelsachsen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Lützelsachsen]]<br />''part of [[Weinheim]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Maisborn COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Maisborn]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mendig COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Mendig]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Mendig|VG Mendig]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)|Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Upper Palatinate || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Das Wappen der Ortsgemeinde Ohmbach.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ohmbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Schönenberg-Kübelberg|VG Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oppau 1929.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ludwigshafen-Oppau|Oppau]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, 1929 to 1938
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Wiesloch.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Wiesloch]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oppau.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ludwigshafen-Oppau|Oppau]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || to 1929
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Altweidelbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altweidelbach]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Biedershausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Biedershausen]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-lohnweiler.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Lohnweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Steinalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinalben]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Traisen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Traisen (Nahe)|Traisen]] || VG Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg || Rhineland-Palatinate || crowned, bearing a grate
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-glanbruecken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberalben]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Kusel|VG Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, field azure
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mutterschied COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mutterschied]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bacharach COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bacharach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Konken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Konken]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Kusel|VG Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, field azure
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Laubach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Laubach (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || tail queue fourchy, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Blason Steinseltz 67.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinseltz|Steinselz]] || ([[Arrondissement Wissembourg|Arrondissement Weißenburg]]) || ([[Lower Alsace]]) ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen nierstein oppenheim.gif|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Nierstein-Oppenheim|Nierstein-Oppenheim]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberstaufenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberstaufenbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bergheim (Oberbayern).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bergheim (Upper Bavaria)]] || Neuburg-Schrobenhausen || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Ilvesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ilvesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Lambsborn.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Lambsborn]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mengerschied COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mengerschied]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Obrigheim (Baden) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Obrigheim (Baden)]] || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Reifenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Reifenberg]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schefflenz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schefflenz]] || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schmalenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schmalenberg]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben|Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Seesbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Seesbach]] || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach|Bad Kreuznach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || [[Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate|details]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb hessheim.jpg|50x50px]] || former collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Heßheim|Heßheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Lambsheim-Heßheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Lambsheim-Heßheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Kollweiler.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Kollweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Weilerbach|VG Weilerbach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Mainz-Bingen COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen|Mainz-Bingen]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kaiserslautern COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Kaiserslautern|Kaiserslautern]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" height="55" | [[File:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Bavaria]] || || Bavaria || uncrowned, for details see [[coat of arms of Bavaria]]
|-
| align="center" height="55" | [[File:DEU Dirmstein COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dirmstein]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Kurpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || principality || [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] || || [[Holy Roman Empire]] || historic coat of arms
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Meckenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Meckenheim (Pfalz)|Meckenheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Auerbach Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Auerbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Amberg-Sulzbach || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Baernau.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bärnau]] || Tirschenreuth || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Friesenheim.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Friesenheim, Rhineland-Palatinate|Friesenheim]]<br />''part of [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hassloch COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Haßloch]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Kemnath.png|50x50px]] || town || [[Kemnath]] || Tirschenreuth || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Mendig COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Mendig|Mendig]] || county Mayen-Koblenz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, to 1973
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Moosbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Moosbach (Oberpfalz)|Moosbach]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Neckarhausen.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Edingen-Neckarhausen|Neckarhausen]]<br />''part of [[Edingen-Neckarhausen]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niederotterbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederotterbach]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberotterbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberotterbach]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Saarpfalz-Kreis.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Saarpfalz-Kreis]] || || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Weiden in der Oberpfalz]] || Weiden in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Wachenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Wachenheim|Wachenheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Leimen (Baden) COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Leimen (Baden)|Leimen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrownded, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Emmelshausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Emmelshausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen gruenstadt-land.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Grünstadt-Land|Grünstadt-Land]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim|Tauberbischofsheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen thaleischweiler verb.jpg|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Thaleischweiler-Fröschen|Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Waldalgesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Waldalgesheim]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen VG Freinsheim.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Freinsheim|Freinsheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freisen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Freisen]] || [[Landkreis St. Wendel|St. Wendel]] || Saarland || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm|Nieder-Olm]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen des Saarlands.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Saarland]] || || Saarland || [[Landeswappen des Saarlandes|Wappendetails]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schnaittach COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Schnaittach]] || Nürnberger Land || Bavaria || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Tiefenbach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Tiefenbach (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wiesbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grasellenbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Grasellenbach]] || [[Kreis Bergstraße|Bergstraße]] || [[Hesse]] ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Heltersberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heltersberg]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Waldfischbach.png|50x50px]] || parish || [[Waldfischbach]]<br />''part of [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]]'' || [[Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben|VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Fronhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Fronhofen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné, tail queue fourchée
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Dachau.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Dachau, Bavaria|Dachau]] || [[Landkreis Dachau|Dachau]] || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Sandhofen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Mannheim-Sandhofen|Sandhofen]]<br />''part of [[Mannheim]]'' || Mannheim || Baden-Württemberg || a lion or contourné, armed or, uncrowned, bears a bishop's crozier
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hohenfels (Oberpfalz).svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Hohenfels (Oberpfalz)|Hohenfels]] || [[Oberpfalz]] || [[Bavaria]] || a lion or regardant, langued gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mussbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Mußbach (Neustadt)|Mußbach]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wallhalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wallhalben]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frankweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Frankweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Landau-Land|VG Landau-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Gimmeldingen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Gimmeldingen]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Haardt COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Haardt (Neustadt)|Haardt]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Heidelberg.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Heidelberg (district)|Heidelberg]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Hof COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Hof (district)|Hof]] || Oberfranken || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kusel COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Lachen-Speyerdorf.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Lachen-Speyerdorf]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Mühldorf am Inn (district)|Mühldorf am Inn]] || Upper Bavaria || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neuerkirch COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neuerkirch]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz|Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Oberpfalz || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Tirschenreuth COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth|Tirschenreuth]] || Oberpfalz || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schirmitz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schirmitz]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || contournéer Rumpf
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Barbelroth COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Barbelroth]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Birkenhördt COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Birkenhördt]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Neustadt Weinstraße.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned (to 2003 "Landkreis Ludwigshafen")
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Sargenroth COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Sargenroth]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Südliche Weinstraße]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Külz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Külz (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, in blue with a church
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bad Dürkheim.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Bad Dürkheim (district)|Bad Dürkheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Nohfelden COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Nohfelden]] || St. Wendel || Saarland || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach.png|50x50px]] || county || [[Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Amberg-Sulzbach || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Bammental.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bammental]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Edenkoben COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Edenkoben]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Edenkoben|VG Edenkoben]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Frankenthal COA.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Frankenthal (Pfalz) (district)|Frankenthal (Pfalz)]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:CoA Meckesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Meckesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, armed or und uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Bezirk Oberpfalz.png|50x50px]] || higher ad. || [[Upper Palatinate]] || Upper Palatinate provincial authority || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rosenkopf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Rosenkopf]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Schwandorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Waldhilsbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Waldhilsbach]]<br />''part of [[Neckargemünd]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Walsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Walsheim]] || VG Landau-Land || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Weinheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Weinheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Heddesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heddesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Krähenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Krähenberg]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Pleizenhausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Pleizenhausen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Boehl.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Böhl-Iggelheim|Böhl]]<br />''part of [[Böhl-Iggelheim]]'' || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Brücken (Pfalz) COA.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Brücken (Pfalz)]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Schönenberg-Kübelberg|VG Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant, bears a golden hammer
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frettenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Frettenheim]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Kuembdchen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Kümbdchen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lambrecht COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Lambrecht (Pfalz)|Lambrecht]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || obere Hälfte, passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Simmern COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Simmern/Hunsrück]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück|| Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Simmern COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Simmern/Hunsrück|Simmern/Hunsrück]] || Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bruck in der Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Bruck in der Oberpfalz]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schlammersdorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schlammersdorf]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Altlußheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altlußheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned demi-lion, with a bishop’s crozier
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bad Tölz.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bad Tölz]] || [[Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Bavaria || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz|Ilbesheim]] || VG Landau-Land || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion from a triple hill issuant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Selzen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Selzen]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bearing a key argent
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Alzey COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Alzey]] || [[Alzey-Worms]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Amberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Amberg]] || Amberg || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dorn-Duerkheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dorn-Dürkheim]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|VG Rhein-Selz]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Eimsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Eimsheim]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|VG Rhein-Selz]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Erdesbac.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Erdesbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Germersheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Germersheim|Germersheim]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Heinzenhausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heinzenhausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hochborn COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Hochborn]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Hockenheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Hockenheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Kirchenpingarten COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Kirchenpingarten]] || [[Landkreis Bayreuth|Bayreuth]] || Bavaria || demi-lion, bears a [[skep]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oberhochstadt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || Oberhochstadt || [[Hochstadt (Pfalz)]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bears a fusil argent (to 1969)
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schwandorf]] || [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Sprendlingen-Gensingen COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Sprendlingen-Gensingen|Sprendlingen-Gensingen]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate || azure field
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Eslarn.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Eslarn]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Biebelnheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Biebelnheim]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Harthausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Harthausen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || two demi-lions, c.f. the older coat of arms
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Harthausen alt.png|50x50px]] || (older coat of arms) || [[Harthausen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || 1845–1951, two uncrowned lions combattant, bearing a millstone
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Niedereisenbach.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || Niedereisenbach || [[Landkreis Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Alfeld (Mittelfranken).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Alfeld (Mittelfranken)]] || [[Landkreis Nürnberger Land|Nürnberger Land]] || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Steindorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steindorf (Schwaben)|Steindorf]] || Aichach-Friedberg || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Alzey-Land COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Alzey-Land|Alzey-Land]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Belgweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Belgweiler]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Manubach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Manubach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bearing an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Undenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Undenheim]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-glanbruecken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Glanbrücken]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Erharting.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Erharting]] || Mühldorf am Inn || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Höheischweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Höheischweiler]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb wallhalben.jpg|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Wallhalben|Wallhalben]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Annweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Annweiler am Trifels|Annweiler am Trifels]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || Ludwigshafen || || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned, bearing a golden key
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Münchweiler am Klingbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Münchweiler am Klingbach]] || VG Annweiler am Trifels || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Upper Bavaria || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Nahe COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Nahe|Rhein-Nahe]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim|Deidesheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb hettenleidelheim.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Hettenleidelheim|Hettenleidelheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niederheimbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederheimbach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Albersweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Albersweiler]] || VG Annweiler am Trifels || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Schwetzingen.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schwetzingen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freinsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Freinsheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Bad-Bergzabern COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Bad Bergzabern|Bad Bergzabern]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Laaber.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Laaber]] || Regensburg || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Baar (Schwaben).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Baar (Schwaben)|Baar]] || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg|Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schwarzenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schwarzenbach (Oberpfalz)]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hirschbach (Oberpfalz).png|50x50px]] || village || [[Hirschbach (Oberpfalz)|Hirschbach]] || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach|Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Burglengenfeld.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Burglengenfeld]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || head only, cabossed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mörsch 1919-1987.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Mörsch (Frankenthal)|Mörsch]]<br />''part of [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]]'' || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mörsch.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Mörsch (Frankenthal)|Mörsch]]<br />''part of [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]]'' || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oggersheim1.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Oggersheim]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grevenhausen.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Lambrecht (Pfalz)|Grevenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Lambrecht (Pfalz)]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wachenheim an der Weinstraße]]|| Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Rockenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Rockenhausen]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niedermoschel COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niedermoschel]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberndorf (Pfalz) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)|Oberndorf]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Sitters COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Sitters, Germany|Sitters]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Einselthum COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Einselthum]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mörsfeld COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mörsfeld]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb rockenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rockenhausen|Rockenhausen]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dielkirchen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dielkirchen]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Gundersweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Gundersweiler]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ransweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ransweiler]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ruppertsecken COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ruppertsecken]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bellheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bellheim]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Berg (Pfalz) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Berg (Pfalz)]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neuburg am Rhein COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neuburg am Rhein]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Erlenbach bei Kandel.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Erlenbach bei Kandel]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Winden.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen bruchmuhlbach vg.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Bruchmühlbach-Miesau|Bruchmühlbach-Miesau]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bruchmühlbach-Miesau.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Bruchmühlbach-Miesau]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Frankelbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Frankelbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen ramstein miesenbach verb.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Ramstein-Miesenbach|Ramstein-Miesenbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Hütschenhausen.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Hütschenhausen]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Huetschenhausen-alt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Katzenbach (Huetschenhausen).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen|Katzenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Spesbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen|Spesbach]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Niedermohr.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Niedermohr]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Niedermohr-alt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Niedermohr]]<br />part of ''[[Niedermohr]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Reuschbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Niedermohr|Reuschbach]]<br />part of ''[[Niedermohr]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Ramstein-Miesenbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Ramstein-Miesenbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Ramstein.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ramstein-Miesenbach|Ramstein]]<br />part of ''[[Ramstein-Miesenbach]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen steinwenden.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinwenden]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Steinwenden]]-Weltersbach<br />part of ''[[Steinwenden]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Steinwenden|Weltersbach]]<br />part of ''[[Steinwenden]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Reichenbach (Reichenbach-Steegen) COA.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Reichenbach-Steegen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Fockenberg-Limbach COA.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Fockenberg-Limbach]]<br />part of ''[[Reichenbach-Steegen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Zweibruecken.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Zweibrücken (district)|Zweibrücken]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Battweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Battweiler]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bergzabern.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Bad Bergzabern (district)|Bad Bergzabern]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landau.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landau (district)|Landau]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grafenhausen (Annweiler am Trifels).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Annweiler am Trifels|Gräfenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Annweiler am Trifels]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dörrenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dörrenbach]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rechtenbach (Schweigen-Rechtenbach).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach|Rechtenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Muehlhofen (Billigheim-Ingenheim).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Billigheim-Ingenheim|Mühlhofen]]<br />part of ''[[Billigheim-Ingenheim]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hallgarten COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Hallgarten (Pfalz)|Hallgarten]] || Bad Kreuznach || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberhausen an der Nahe COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberhausen an der Nahe]] || Bad Kreuznach || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Sankt Ingbert COA.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[St. Ingbert (district)|St. Ingbert]] || || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bliesdalheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Bliesdalheim]]<br />part of ''[[Gersheim]]'' || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU St.Ingbert COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[St. Ingbert]] || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU_Hassel_(Saar)_COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hassel (Saar)|Hassel]]<br />part of ''[[St. Ingbert]]'' || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Bad Kreuznach COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen VG Traben-Trabach v2.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach|Traben-Trarbach]] || Kreis Bernkastel-Wittlich || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Pfalzdorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Pfalzdorf]]<br />''part of [[Goch]]'' || Kreis Kleve || North Rhine-Westphalia ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ibersheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Worms-Ibersheim|Ibersheim]]<br />''part of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]'' || Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rheinduerkheim.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Worms, Germany|Rheindürkheim]]<br />''part of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]'' || Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Albig COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Albig]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate|| demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freimersheim (Rheinhessen) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Freimersheim (Rheinhessen)]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate|| holding the letter "F" in its forepaws
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Rheinauen COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Rheinauen (Verbandsgemeinde)|Rheinauen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz COA.svg|50x50px]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|Rhein-Selz]] || Landkreis Mainz-Bingen ||Rheinland-Pfalz||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Merzhausen rgb.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Merzhausen (Usingen)|Merzhausen]]<br />''part of [[Usingen]]'' || [[Hochtaunuskreis]] || Hesse ||
|}

== The Palatine Lion in coats of arms of the German Armed Forces ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7"
! class="unsortable"| Coat of arms || Unit || Location
|-
| align="center" | [[File:LKdo Rheinland-Pfalz.gif|30px]] || ''[[Landeskommando]]'' of Rhineland-Palatinate || in [[Mainz]] in the [[Generalfeldzeugmeister]] Barracks
|}

== See also ==
* [[Electoral Rhenish Circle]]

* Wappenbuch des Landkreises Cochem-Zell, Darmstadt 2001, v. Alfons Friderichs, {{ISBN|3-00-008064-3}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.heidelberginfo.co.za/UK/Logo.awp Heidelberg, Western Cape, South Africa]

{{Commons category|Lion of Palatinate in heraldry }}

[[Category:Armorials|Palatine Lion]]
[[Category:History of the Palatinate (region)|Palatine Lion list]]
[[Category:Culture of the Palatinate (region)|Palatine Lioni list]]
[[Category:Electoral Palatinate]]

Heinzenhausen

2024-12-25T09:56:40Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-heinzenhausen.jpg → File:DEU Heinzenhausen COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Heinzenhausen COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|37|39|N|7|36|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Heinzenhausen in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 180
|area = 2.21
|postal_code = 67742
|area_code = 06382
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 038
|mayor = Frank Kohl<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Heinzenhausen''' on the [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in the [[North Palatine Uplands]] in the [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] valley at an elevation of roughly 175 m above [[sea level]], about halfway between the towns of [[Lauterecken]] and [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]. The elevations either side of the dale reach up to 350 m above sea level (Schauerberg 328 m, Jungenwald 349 m). The municipal area measures 221 ha, of which roughly 15 ha is settled and 93 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Heinzenhausen borders in the east on the municipality of [[Hohenöllen]], in the south on the town of [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]] and in the west and north on the municipality of [[Lohnweiler]]. Heinzenhausen also meets the municipality of [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]] at a single point in the southeast.

===Municipality’s layout===
The village of Heinzenhausen stretches along the dale, for the most part on the Lauter's right bank and is concentrated towards the north where a small brook empties into the river at the village core. Here, ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270 crosses the Lauter. The [[Lauter Valley Railway (Palatinate)|Lauter Valley Railway]] runs along the brook's left bank with a stop in the village's south end. The graveyard lies east of the village core.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
It is certain that the area around the village was settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], and this is witnessed by comprehensive prehistoric [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds, particularly from the municipal area of the neighbouring municipality of [[Lohnweiler]]. In Heinzenhausen itself, a [[Stone tool|stone hatchet]] made of [[Volcanic rock|volcanic material]] was found east of the village. Formerly, two [[Tumulus|barrows]] were also known, but today they can no longer be found. [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] finds are also known from neighbouring municipalities.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
It was likely in the [[Early Middle Ages]] that today's village of Heinzenhausen was founded, although it is impossible to pinpoint the founding date. The village lay in the [[Nahegau]] and then later passed to the [[County of Veldenz]] when this was founded in the earlier half of the 12th century. In 1282, King [[Rudolph I of Germany]] gave Count Heinrich III of Hohenecken and his wife Margarethe leave to sell the estate of Mittelrohrbach, a royal [[fief]], with all its appurtenances and [[Serfdom|serfs]] to Otterberg Abbey. Against this sale, the king accepted from the comital couple the ''Lampertsmühle'' (a mill) and a meadow in ''Heinzemanneshusen sub Castro Wolvestein'', that is to say, beneath the [[castle]] of Wolfstein. Besides the documents from the year of first documentary mention, the village's name appears in further documents from the earlier line of the Counts of Veldenz (1259-1444). Among them is a 1379 document according to which Count Friedrich II of Veldenz enfeoffed Johann Mohr von Sötern with holdings in Heinzenhausen. A year later, Gerhard von Alsenz acknowledged the receipt of interest from, among other villages, Heinzenhausen. In 1422, Count Friedrich III of Veldenz enfeoffed the brothers Johann and Philipp Boos von Waldeck with a series of villages, along with the estate of Wusthausen and his own holdings in Heinzenhausen. The Barons von Boos zu Waldeck owned an estate in Heinzenhausen until the end of [[Feudalism|feudal]] times when the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were [[Military occupation|occupied]] by [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]]. Count Friedrich III was the last from the [[Hohengeroldseck]] family to rule Veldenz - that male line died out with him in 1444, and the county passed to his son-in-law [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken]], a son of [[Rupert, King of Germany]] and widower of Frederick's daughter, [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna of Veldenz]]. Stephen, combining his lands, created the new [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]], which in the fullness of time came to be known as the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Stephen chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]] as comital residence. Heinzenhausen now belonged to this new County Palatine.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1532, when a young [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] inherited his holdings, his uncle [[Rupert, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Rupert]] served as the child's [[regent]]. In 1543, when Wolfgang reached majority and took on the responsibility of office, he enacted the Marburg Contract, giving Rupert the County of Veldenz, including Heinzenhausen with it.

Like almost all villages in the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] region, Heinzenhausen, too, suffered under the ravages of the 17th century's wars, both the [[Thirty Years' War]] and [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest. However, during the Thirty Years' War, the nearby residence town of [[Lauterecken]] afforded the villagers shelter, and it was never overrun by the French. Nevertheless, death reaped a rich harvest even here with hunger and the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]]. The County met its end in 1694, when [[Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz]] died with no heir. Now came a dispute over whether the county – and thereby Heinzenhausen with it – should pass to the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] or be returned to the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]], which at that time was ruled by [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Charles XI of Sweden|King Charles XI]]. Charles took ownership of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Ämter]]'' of Veldenz and Lauterecken along with the Remigiusberg, but in 1697, the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] dispatched troops, and quickly took the ''Amt'' of Lauterecken. A permanent solution to the dispute came only in 1733, in Palatinate's favour, with the so-called Treaty of Succession. Johann Goswin Widder, in his 1788 work ''Geographische Beschreibung der Kurpfalz'' (“Geographical Description of Electoral Palatinate”), wrote about Heinzenhausen, among other things: “Heinzenhausen, a slight little village of 15 houses on the Lauter’s right bank, lying half an hour up from Lauterecke, was called long ago Heinzemanneshusen … Nevertheless, the village seems to have been subject, with the ''[[Vogt]]ei'', at all times to the Counts of Veldenz and Castle Lauterecke.”<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and [[Napoleon]]ic times, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were [[Annexation|annexed]] by [[France]]. Along the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] ran the boundary between the [[Departments of France|Departments]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]) and [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]]. Heinzenhausen now lay in the Department of Mont-Tonnerre/Donnersberg, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Lauterecken and the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Lauterecken. In 1814, the French were driven out of the German lands on the Rhine's left bank, and after a brief transitional period, there was a new territorial arrangement, under which Heinzenhausen now lay in the ''bayerischer Rheinkreis'' (“Bavarian Rhine District”), later called the ''bayerische Rheinpfalz'' (“Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate”), but by any name, it was the territory on the Rhine that the [[Congress of Vienna]] had awarded to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. Within this, Heinzenhausen lay in the ''Landkommissariat'' (later ''Bezirksamt'', and later still ''Landkreis'', or district) of Kusel, the Canton (later ''Distrikt'' until sometime about the [[First World War]]) of Lauterecken and the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Lauterecken. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) was quite popular in Heinzenhausen. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], 29.1% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, but by the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had grown to 40.2%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 83.3%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. After the [[Second World War]], the Bavarian [[exclave]] on the Rhine’s left bank was grouped into the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Heinzenhausen now lay in the ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' of Pfalz (“Palatinate”) within this state, and then later, after the ''Regierungsbezirke'' were reorganized, in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]]. ''Regierungsbezirke'' have since been abolished in Rhineland-Palatinate and are therefore no longer a feature of the administrative structure. In the course of the 1968 administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate, Heinzenhausen was grouped as a self-administering ''Ortsgemeinde'' into the [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]] with effect from 1 January 1972.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
The village has remained rurally structured. Even today, the surrounding countryside is used for [[agriculture]], though the number of farmers has shrunk. Thus, Heinzenhausen has become a small residential community with job opportunities in the area's major centres ([[Lauterecken]], [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], [[Kaiserslautern]]).

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Heinzenhausen:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Heinzenhausen’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1788 || 1815 || 1860 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 2001 || 2010
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || ~75 || 146 || 184 || 206 || 274 || 246 || 336 || 304 || 297
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The village's name underwent several changes through the ages:
*1279, 1282 – ''Heinzemanneshusen''
*1377, 1379 – ''Heintzenhusen''
*1380 – ''Heintzinhusen''
*1387 – ''Heintzenhausen'', ''Heintzenhuißen''
*14th century – ''Heynzenhuße''
*1506 – ''Heynczenhusen''
*1588 – ''Heintzenhausen''
*1787, 1828, 1837 – ''Heinzenhausen''

The pet form of the name ''Heimrich'' (later form: ''Heinrich'') developed through ''Heino'' and ''Heini'' to ''Heinzemann'' (or, according to Dolch and Greule, perhaps through the form ''Heinz''). The first name ''Heinzemann'' is a form that was particularly popular in the 13th and 14th centuries. Thus it may be possible to infer something about the roots of the name Heinzenhausen.<ref>See [[Kreimbach-Kaulbach#Sons and daughters of the town|E. Christmann]] – ''Die Siedlungsnamen in der Pfalz''</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
Within Heinzenhausen's limits once lay the village of Wüsthausen, also called Wusthauserhof. It had its first documentary mention in 1422. The name still crops up in 18th-century documents.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
It is likely that Heinzenhausen originally belonged to the Church of Lohnweiler, and later the Church of Lauterecken. [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]], introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] to Zweibrücken as early as 1537, and all the inhabitants [[Forced conversion|had to]] [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] teaching. Wolgang gave the Heinzenhausen area, as part of his gift of the [[County of Veldenz]], to his uncle and former [[regent]], the newly created [[Rupert, Count Palatine of Veldenz]], in 1543. In 1648, at the end of the [[Thirty Years' War]], it became possible to the subjects of Veldenz to convert to [[Calvinism]], and indeed to [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]. Conversions to Catholicism and the coming of Catholic settlers became very common after 1733, after the village became an [[Electoral Palatinate]] holding. Of the 146 inhabitants in 1825, 76 were [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] and 70 were Catholic. In 1961, of the 336 inhabitants that were counted, 289 were Evangelical and only 45 were Catholic. This can be explained by the arrival of many Evangelical families during the 19th century. [[Judaism|Jewish]] inhabitants do not show up in any available statistics at all.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360403800.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Heinzenhausen's mayor is Frank Kohl, and his deputies are Sonja Wolke and Henning Baldauf <ref>[http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20&%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Heinzenhausen/ Heinzenhausen’s executive] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305075928/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Heinzenhausen/ |date=2013-03-05 }}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per fess wavy sable a demilion Or armed, langued and crowned gules and argent a waterwheel spoked of four azure surmounted by a bridge arched of two issuant from base set slightly to sinister of the field (?) masoned of the first.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] in the upper half of the [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] is the Palatine lion, a reference to the village's former allegiance to the Palatinate, while those below the wavy line of partition represent the bridge across the river [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] and the mill on that river. The arms have been borne since 1986 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Description and explanation of Heinzenhausen’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Regular events===
Heinzenhausen's [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) is held on the first weekend in August, and the ''Nachkirmes'' (“After-Kermis”) on the third weekend in September. Old customs such as were once observed in all villages in the Glan area are nowadays hardly practised at all.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
The following clubs are to be found in Heinzenhausen:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Clubs]</ref>
*''Angelsportverein „Unteres Glantal“'' — [[angling]]
*''Förderverein der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr'' — [[fire brigade]] promotional association
*''Heenzehauser Wicke-Wacke'' — “fun club”
*''Landfrauenverein'' — countrywomen's club
*''Männergesangverein'' — men's singing club
*''SPD-Ortsverein'' — [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] local chapter

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Besides [[agriculture]], there were in earlier times the customary craft occupations in Heinzenhausen. At the Petersgrube colliery in the 19th century, 5 to 8 workers were employed, who between 1835 and 1855 mined 2 567 t of [[coal]]. The gristmill was up and running as early as the 18th century with both grinding and husking stones. It was shut down after the [[Second World War]]. Agricultural businesses are today quite rare. A [[Prefabricated building|prefabricated house]] firm in the village specializes in building [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] houses and [[Energy conservation|energy-saving]] prefabricated houses. High-grade [[stainless steel]] furniture, mainly for the restaurant industry, is made by another firm. Other crafts of the traditional kinds are no longer customary. Also in the village are [[insurance]] agencies and a firm for distributing [[advertising]] articles.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
It is highly likely that as early as the 16th century, there were efforts to teach children to [[Literacy|read and write]], since the [[Palatine Zweibrücken#List of Counts Palatine Zweibrücken|Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken]] had introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] and were especially interested in putting the country's children in a position to read the [[Bible]]. School was held in an ordinary house. Today, [[Hauptschule]] and [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] students go to the corresponding schools in [[Lauterecken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Heinzenhausen lies on ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270, which links [[Idar-Oberstein]] with [[Kaiserslautern]]. Branching off ''Bundesstraße'' 270 is ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 383, which leads to the neighbouring village of [[Hohenöllen]]. [[Lauterecken]] lies 5 km away, while Kaiserslautern lies 27 km away and [[Kusel]] 35 km away. Serving the municipality is a [[railway station]] on the [[Lauter Valley Railway (Palatinate)|Lauter Valley Railway]] (''Lautertalbahn'', Lauterecken-Kaiserslautern).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7531 | title=Heinzenhausen - regionalgeschichte.net }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130305075928/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Heinzenhausen/ Heinzenhausen in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Hefersweiler

2024-12-24T05:50:11Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Hefersweiler.gif → File:DEU Hefersweiler COA.svg GIF → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Hefersweiler COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|36|15|N|7|41|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hefersweiler in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 230
|area = 7.20
|postal_code = 67753
|area_code = 06363
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 036
|website = [http://www.hefersweiler-berzweiler.de/ www.hefersweiler-berzweiler.de]
|mayor = Bernd Degen<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
[[File:Hefersweiler.JPG|thumb|Hefersweiler]]
'''Hefersweiler''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies on the Odenbach in the [[North Palatine Uplands]]. Both its ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' lie in this river's valley at an elevation of some 225 m above [[sea level]], Hefersweiler (main centre) up the valley on both sides of the river and Berzweiler farther down, mainly on the right bank. The Ahlbornerhof (homestead) lies across the Odenbach from Berzweiler on the left bank. The mountains either side of the valley reach more than 350 m above sea level (Reiterberg 364 m, Gründling 353 m). The municipal area measures 721 ha, of which roughly 20 ha is settled and 71 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Hefersweiler borders in the north on the municipality of [[Nußbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Nußbach]], in the east on the municipalities of [[Rathskirchen]] and [[Seelen]], in the south on the municipality of [[Niederkirchen]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Relsberg]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Reipoltskirchen]].

===Constituent communities===
Hefersweiler's ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' are Hefersweiler and Berzweiler. Also belonging to Hefersweiler is the outlying homestead of Ahlbornerhof.<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125005812/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf |date=2015-11-25 }}, Seite 99 (PDF)</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
The thickest part of Hefersweiler's built-up area stretches along the crossing of the road through the Odenbach valley (Talstraße) and those that branch off towards [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], [[Relsberg]] and [[Seelen]]. In the village core stands Hefersweiler's former schoolhouse. Berzweiler's built-up area stretches mainly eastwards of the road and the Odenbach, partly in the valley of a small brook flowing down from the Berzweiler Heights, and partly along a path that leads towards [[Rathskirchen|Rudolphskirchen]]. The graveyard lies between the two ''Ortsteile'' at Berzweiler's south end. Outstanding buildings on the valley road in the ''Ortsteil'' of Hefersweiler are the former schoolhouse built in 1903 and a building with particularly attractive walling around the door from 1574.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
From the [[Stone Age]], the [[Bronze Age]] and the [[Iron Age]] comes no direct knowledge about any [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds made within Hefersweiler's limits. Nonetheless, finds from neighbouring municipalities make it clear that the area where the municipality now lies was settled by human beings even as far back as [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]]. As early as 1805, Hefersweiler villagers discovered nearby, between the roads to Wolfstein and the Ausbacherhof, a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[villa rustica]]. Digging then brought to light several building foundations with a [[hypocaust]] and smoke channels. The excavators also found Roman coins.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
In 1223, Hefersweiler had its first documentary mention. Hefersweiler itself was among the earliest holdings of the [[Cistercian]] Otterberg Abbey. The two centres that today make up the municipality of Hefersweiler followed different paths of development over the course of history. Hefersweiler itself was a village under the lordship of Reipoltskirchen, and largely shared [[Reipoltskirchen|that neighbouring village's]] history. In the 14th century, it belonged to the Counts of Hohenfels, and in the 15th century, to the Lords of Hohenfels-Reipoltskirchen. A ''Huberweistum'' (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times; ''Huber'' refers to farmers who owned a whole ''Hube'' – roughly “[[oxgang]]” – of land) was put in writing in 1597; it was renewed in 1652 as a constituent document of the Reipoltskirchen lordship's ''Weistümer'' (the plural). For centuries, Berzweiler was made up of nothing but four estates held by Otterberg Abbey. Philipp von Bolanden, who was married to [[Waldgrave|Waldgravine]] Beatrix, removed the village from the Monastery's ownership. Waldgravine Beatrix later married Theoderich von Heinzenberg, who in 1225 gave the village back to the Monastery. This dependent relationship remained in place until the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]. Within municipal limits, a few border stones from the time of monasterial ownership can still be found. In 1492, the abbot of Otterberg Abbey issued a letter of [[Fee tail|entailment]] to the landowners in Berzweiler, according to which the estates were hereditarily transferred to them. Moreover, an extensive ''Weistum'' from [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] Berzweiler has survived that was first put in writing in 1469 and then renewed in 1565.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Middle Ages]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120804104544/http://www.hefersweiler-berzweiler.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66&Itemid=77&lang=en Hefersweiler’s history]</ref>

===Modern times===
In the 16th century, the knight Sir Johannes, who was now and then [[Franz von Sickingen]]’s brother-in-arms, was important for the [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] lordship's, and therefore also Hefersweiler's, history. His daughter-in-law Amalia wed, as her second husband, Count Philipp I of [[Leiningen-Westerburg]], who introduced into all his landholds, including the lordship of Reipoltskirchen and therefore Hefersweiler too, the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]. In 1603, Amalia bequeathed the lordship of Reipoltskirchen to her brothers Sebastian (d. 1619) and Emich (d. 1628). In the time that followed, there were further divisions of the lordship, which often left it subject to several lords, although it remained a cohesive territorial unit. Among the lords were the Lord of Löwenhaupt, the Lord of Manderscheid-Keil, the Baron of Hillesheim (d. 1748), the Count of Ellradt (d. 1767), and lastly Caroline von [[County of Isenburg|Isenburg]], a natural daughter of [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Carl Theodor]], the last [[Electoral Palatinate|Elector Palatine]]. Berzweiler remained under Otterberg Abbey's ownership until it was dissolved in 1561. The monastery belonged to [[Electoral Palatinate]], and thus Berzweiler, too, became an Electoral Palatinate holding. The Elector Palatine at this time was [[Louis VI, Elector Palatine|Ludwig VI]], who died in 1581, and for whom [[John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern|Johann Casimir]] ruled Electoral Palatinate as administrator. Johann Casimir owned a half share in the village of [[Bosenbach|Friedelhausen]], but eventually acquired the other half in 1588 by trading Berzweiler to the holder of the other share, [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]]. Even at the 1618 onset of the [[Thirty Years' War]], there were no longer any people living at the village's estates, and long after the war, the village remained empty of people. Berzweiler belonged in a manner of speaking to Zweibrücken, but only as a pledged holding. Nevertheless, in 1694, under the terms of succession of the [[County of Veldenz|Palatinate-Veldenz]] (a [[House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken#Cadet branches|cadet branch of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]), it was permanently taken over by Zweibrücken. In the course of the 1778 Kübelberg Exchange, though, the village passed back to Electoral Palatinate, but was forthwith incorporated into the realm of the Lordship of Reipoltskirchen, which at that time was transferred to Countess Caroline von Isenburg. Thus did the two centres of today's municipality first find themselves together in the same lordly and administrative territory.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
In 1793, [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] seized the Lordship of Reipoltskirchen and thereby also the neighbouring villages of Hefersweiler and Berzweiler. The inhabitants had to pay their share of contributions to them. In 1799, [[France]] dissolved the old lordships, and along with them the Lordship of Reipoltskirchen. Hefersweiler became the seat of a ''mairie'' (“mayoralty”), to which Berzweiler also belonged, within the [[French First Republic]]. This ''mairie'' in turn lay in the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). After the 1814 reconquest of the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank by [[Prussia]]n, [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] and [[Russian Empire|Russian]] troops, the region passed after a transitional period to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. Hefersweiler and Berzweiler now lay within the Bavarian ''Rheinkreis'' (the Palatinate, after the [[Congress of Vienna]] had awarded it to Bavaria) in the Canton of Wolfstein and the ''Landkommissariat'' of Kusel, and Hefersweiler was still the seat of a mayoralty, only now it was called by its German word: ''Bürgermeisterei''. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) was quite popular in Hefersweiler and Berzweiler. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], only 11.6% of the votes from Hefersweiler went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party and 21.0% from Berzweiler, but by the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had grown to 66.0% in Hefersweiler and 42.6% in Berzweiler. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 83.3% in Hefersweiler and 80.2% in Berzweiler. Hitler's success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. The municipality that exists today came into being on 7 June 1969 when the two municipalities of Hefersweiler and Berzweiler were amalgamated in the course of administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]].<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/nach_themen/verlag/verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis 2006, Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110046/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/nach_themen/verlag/verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}, Seite 178 (PDF)</ref> The old mayoralty was also dissolved. Since 1972, the two villages have formed a self-administering ''Ortsgemeinde'' with two ''Ortsteile'' within the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
In both villages, the inhabitants formerly earned their livelihoods mainly at [[agriculture]]. There were, however, job opportunities in the crafts, trade and work at the quarries and collieries. As early as the late 18th century, particularly in Hefersweiler, were several [[Jew]]ish families. During the 20th century, there was a fundamental shift away from farming, with ever fewer villagers working the land and ever more [[commuting]] as workers and employees to jobs in the industrial towns nearby and even farther afield. This development was enhanced by Hefersweiler's relatively favourable transport links with [[Kaiserslautern]]. The population figures reached their first peak about the turn of the 20th century, shrank in the time leading up to the [[Second World War]] and then stagnated after the war until about 1980 when there was once again a noticeable upswing. With regard to religion, the majority is [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]].

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Hefersweiler, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Hefersweiler’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1802 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 207 || 336 || 408 || 420 || 454 || 370 || 389
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' || 8 || 9 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 20
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' || 168 || 314 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 367
|- align="center"
| '''[[Judaism|Jewish]]''' || 16 || 3 ||   ||   ||   ||   || –
|- align="center"
| '''Other''' || – || – ||   ||   ||   ||   || 2
|}

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Berzweiler, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Berzweiler’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1802 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 53 || 69 || 107 || 136 || 137 || 127 || 133
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' || – ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 7
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' || 53 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 125
|- align="center"
| '''Other''' || – ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1
|}

The following table shows population development since amalgamation for the merged municipality:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Merged municipality’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1998 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 583 || 516
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The bigger village's name, Hefersweiler, has the common [[German language|German]] placename ending ''—weiler'', which as a standalone word means “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]” (originally “homestead”), to which is prefixed an element that according to researchers Dolch and Greule goes back to a personal name “Hunfrid”. Thus, the name's original meaning would have been “Hunfrid’s homestead”. The name appears for the first time in a 1223 document as ''Hunfrideswilre''. Later forms that the name took are ''Hunfertswilre'' (1377), ''Hunfritzwyller'' (1519) and ''Hinfurßwiller'' (1544). Close to the current form is the 1779 form ''Heffersweiler''.

The smaller village, Berzweiler, is yet another of the many villages with names ending in ''—weiler'', and in Berzweiler's case, this is prefixed with a syllable also believed to go back to a personal name, either “Berni” or “Bernhard”. Thus, the name's original meaning would have been “Berni’s homestead” or “Bernhard’s homestead”. In the 1223 document of first mention it was called ''Berhardesvillre''. Later forms that the name took are ''Berssweiler'' (1393), ''Bertzweiler'' (1469) ''Berssweiler'' (1599) and ''Beersweyler'' (1745).

As for the Ahlenbornerhof, the ending ''—hof'' means “farm” or “estate”, and the syllables to which that is suffixed apparently refer to an old [[spring (hydrology)|spring]], for the homestead once lay near one (this would be ''bei einem alten Brunnen'' in [[German language|Modern High German]]).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Municipality’s name]</ref>

==Religion==
Inhabitants of both constituent villages, Hefersweiler and Berzweiler, [[Religious conversion|converted]] during the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] to [[Lutheranism]] under the principle of ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]''. Only a few [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] and [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] adherents settled in Hefersweiler after the [[Thirty Years' War]]. The [[Judaism|Jewish]] inhabitants likely belonged to the Jewish community in [[Rockenhausen]]. To this day, most people are [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]. The Evangelicals belong to the [[Niederkirchen]] parish in the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] deaconry of [[Kaiserslautern]], while the Catholic [[Christianity|Christians]] belong to the [[Reipoltskirchen]] parish in the Catholic deaconry of [[Kusel]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360703600.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
[[File:WappenVonBerzweiler.jpg|thumb|100px|Berzweiler's old coat of arms]]
Hefersweiler's mayor is Bernd Degen, and his deputies are Rainer Kattler and Christian Ehwein.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120804104544/http://www.hefersweiler-berzweiler.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66&Itemid=77&lang=en Hefersweiler’s executive]</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Or a fess wavy issuant from which a balance and below which a lattice, all azure.

Hefersweiler itself bore no arms before the amalgamation of the two centres of Hefersweiler and Berzweiler. Thus, the current [[coat of arms]] applies to the municipality as a whole. The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] above the wavy fess is drawn from an earlier court seal. The arms have been borne since 1975 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]]. Before amalgamation, Berzweiler bore its own arms. They were vert a rose argent seeded and barbed Or (see illustration). It likewise was drawn from an earlier seal. These arms were never approved by any higher authority.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Description and explanation of Hefersweiler’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>

====Hefersweiler (main centre)====
* Near Talstraße 1 – warriors’ memorial 1914-1918 and 1939-1945; eagle on cube, 1931, design by Kaiserslautern State Building Office (''Landbauamt''), expanded after 1945
* At Talstraße 10 – doorjamb, marked 1574
* Talstraße 13 – former [[school]]; block building, schoolhouse with hipped [[mansard roof]], house mit with hipped roof, 1902/1903, Regional Master Builder Kleinhans
* Warriors’ memorial 1914-1918, north of the village in the graveyard – [[stele]] with relief, 1931, design by Kaiserslautern State Building Office, Nessler Sculpture Workshop, [[Lauterecken]]

====Berzweiler====
* Bergstraße 1 – former school; two-floor plastered building, staircase with ''Welsche Haube'', 1895

<gallery>
File:HefersweilerSchulhaus.JPG|Hefersweiler, Talstraße 13: former school
File:KriegerdenkmalHefersweiler.JPG|Hefersweiler, near Talstraße 1: warriors’ memorial 1914-1918 and 1939-1945
File:KriegerdenkmalBerzweiler.JPG|North of the village in the graveyard: warriors’ memorial 1914-1918
File:BerzweilerSchulhaus.JPG|Berzweiler, Bergstraße 1: former school
</gallery>

===Regular events===
Hefersweiler's [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) is held on the first weekend in September, while Berzweiler's is held on the last weekend in August. Since 1852, in connection with a livestock sickness that struck back then, a “Livestock Celebration Day” (''Viehfeiertag'') is observed each year on 2 June.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Cultural life is characterized by a great number of clubs, of which the following may be found in Hefersweiler:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Clubs]</ref>

*''Angelsportverein'' — [[angling]]
*''Feuerwehrförderverein'' — [[fire brigade]] promotional association
*''Gesangvereine'' — singing clubs (in both Hefersweiler and Berzweiler)
*''Kindergartenförderverein'' — [[kindergarten]] promotional association
*''Pfälzischer Bauern- und Winzerverein'' — “Palatine Farmers’ and Winegrowers’ Association”
*''Schäferhundeverein'' — [[German Shepherd|German Shepherd/Alsatian]] club
*''SPD-Ortsverein'' — [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] local chapter
*''Sportverein'' — [[sport club]]
*''Verein der Tierfreunde'' — “animal friends”

Hefersweiler has a [[Association football|football]] club, SV Hefersweiler 1952, whose clubhouse and playing field lie right next to the kindergarten in a central location at the village square between the two centres of Hefersweiler and Berzweiler.

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
While in earlier times [[Agriculture|farming]] was the main means whereby villagers could earn a living, today very few work the land. Other occupations in earlier times lay in [[forestry]] and [[mining]]. Within Hefersweiler's municipal limits were two collieries, the Jakobsgrube and the Heinrichsgrube, which together employed about 10 workers in the 19th century. For a time, there was also a [[limestone]] [[quarry]]. As well, the village had its customary crafts and a mill (in the forest at the municipal boundary with [[Niederkirchen]]) that had been built even before the [[Thirty Years' War]] – only to be destroyed during that war. The reconstruction planned for 1702 at first failed to win lordly approval, but eventually the project was allowed to proceed in 1714. Only after the [[First World War]] was the mill shut down. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many ''Wandermusikanten'' – travelling musicians – also came from both the villages in the municipality. Today, Hefersweiler is mainly a residential community for many [[Commuting|commuters]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Economic structure]</ref> Hefersweiler has a flower shop, a [[bakery]] and an [[inn]].

===Education===
Beginning in the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], the lords generally strove to establish schools in their domains. Since the Reformation had been introduced into both Hefersweiler and Berzweiler, schoolteachers may have been teaching children even before the [[Thirty Years' War]]. In both villages, even in Hefersweiler, which belonged to the Lordship of Reipoltskirchen, schooling was organized by the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Meisenheim, which belonged to the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. Thus, appearing in the 1778 acts of the ''Oberamt'' were clues to the presence of a [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] schoolhouse in Hefersweiler. Noted as early as 1769 was that the municipality of Berzweiler had a ''kleines Schulhäuschen'' (a notable reference for being a double diminutive: the word ''kleines'' means “little”, and so does the ending ''—chen'', making the translation “little little schoolhouse”). In 1777, it was further noted that the schoolchildren had to bring the school firewood along with them to school. A school's daybook has survived from Berzweiler, in which the reader can see that from the beginning of [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] times, a schoolteacher named Carl Dörr worked in Berzweiler, and was succeeded by his son Johann Jacob. Johann Jakob Dörr was much given to [[hunting]] and it was thus deemed fit to transfer him to [[Nothweiler]] as punishment for this unfortunate vice. Further teachers during the 19th century were Johannes Hahneberger and Johannes Klingenmayer. In 1895, the Berzweiler schoolhouse, which had been standing for a long time, was converted. [[Dry rot]] made another round of improvements necessary only five years later. During the [[First World War]], this schoolhouse served as a prison camp, and schoolchildren had to attend classes in nearby Hefersweiler. In Hefersweiler itself, it is likely that a schoolhouse had stood as early as the late 17th century. It featured a [[ridge turret]], hanging in which was the village bell. A new, representative schoolhouse arose in 1902. Thereafter, another schoolhouse was built in 1936 for both villages. Now housed in the old 1902 Hefersweiler schoolhouse is a [[bank]]. In 1970, the Hefersweiler-Berzweiler school was dissolved; a [[kindergarten]] can now be found there. Nowadays, [[primary school]] pupils attend school in [[Nußbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Nußbach]], while [[Hauptschule]] students go to school in [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]. [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] are available in [[Kaiserslautern]] and [[Lauterecken]], while the nearest [[university]] is [[Kaiserslautern University of Technology]] (''Technische Universität Kaiserslautern'').<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Both villages lie on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 382, which links Odenbach from the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] valley with the city of Kaiserslautern. Branching off here are several roads, ''Landesstraße'' 384 to Wolfstein, ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 43 to [[Relsberg]] and ''Kreisstraße'' 84 to [[Seelen]]. The nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s, at Kaiserslautern West and Enkenbach on Autobahn [[Bundesautobahn 6|A 6]] ([[Saarbrücken]]–[[Mannheim]]) and near [[Winnweiler]] on Autobahn [[Bundesautobahn 63|A 63]], each lie some 25 km away.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7530 Transport]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.hefersweiler-berzweiler.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Hausweiler

2024-12-23T05:45:52Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-hausweiler.jpg → File:DEU Hausweiler COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Hausweiler COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|38|51|N|7|33|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hausweiler in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 190
|area = 1.56
|postal_code = 67742
|area_code = 06382
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 035
|website = [http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/hausweiler/index.phtml vg-lauterecken.de]
|mayor = Wolfgang Maurer<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Hausweiler''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]], west of the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] and the town of [[Lauterecken]], on the ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' to [[Buborn]]. Hausweiler lies at an elevation of roughly 200 m above [[sea level]] in the Rötelbach valley. The elevations around the village reach heights of about 350 m above sea level. The municipal area measures 156 ha, of which roughly 5 ha is settled and 21 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Hausweiler borders in the north on the municipality of [[Grumbach]], in the east on the town of [[Lauterecken]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Wiesweiler]] and in the southwest on the municipality of [[Buborn]]. Hausweiler also meets the municipality of [[Herren-Sulzbach]] at a single point in the west.

===Municipality’s layout===
Hausweiler has been thrust together over time to form a clump village whose buildings are old. It is cloven in two by the through road. A small graveyard lies in the village's southwest on the road leading to [[Buborn]]. All together, there is very little in the way of building that is new.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
It is certain that the area around what is now Hausweiler was settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]]. [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds confirming this, however, have only been unearthed in places around the village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Theoretically, this village with the placename ending ''—weiler'' may have been settled as far back as the [[Early Middle Ages]] by [[Franks|Frankish]] farmers from a nearby [[Roman roads|Roman road]]. Likelier, though, is the assumption that here in the Rötelbach valley, only much later, perhaps as late as the 10th or 11th century, a small settlement (and the word ''Weiler'' would apply, for this is [[German language|German]] for “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]”) arose, which may be considered the seed that grew into today's Hausweiler. The village originally belonged, within the Grumbach castle [[ban (medieval)|ban]] to the [[Nahegau]] and passed together with Grumbach in 1258 into Count Godefried's ownership; he endowed the [[Waldgrave|Waldgravial]] line of Dhaun. Together with other villages in the Grumbach castle ban, it was pledged in 1363 to [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]]-Starkenburg. In 1347, Hausweiler had its first documentary mention, although the document is now only preserved as a later copy. The document deals with a dispute between Count Heinrich of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]] and [[Provost (religion)|Provost]] Johannes of the Remigiusberg over tithes from [[Pfeffelbach]] and Hausweiler. In an arbitration it was decreed that the monastery should deliver to the Church of Kusel eight ''Malter'' of corn from the tithes (which were very often paid in kind, not in cash) from these two villages. In 1448, Waldgrave and Rhinegrave Gottfried zu Dhaun sold the village of Hausweiler along with a number of others in the Grumbach valley to [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan of Simmern-Zweibrücken]], although he did reserve the right to buy them back. Indeed, the Waldgraves did just that as early as 1477. Shortly thereafter, the independent line of the Rhinegravial House of Grumbach came into being. Henceforth, Hausweiler belonged to this line, until the [[French Revolution]] put an end to the age of [[feudalism]]. About 1500, the [[Junker]] Faust von Wachenheim owned a major estate that, after a number of disputes, ended up in the Rhinegraves’ ownership.<ref>[http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20&%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hausweiler/ A bit more history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305080621/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hausweiler/ |date=2013-03-05 }}</ref> The new owners leased the estate to their subject Gerhard Müller from Hausweiler. The lease can be viewed at the Koblenz State Archive. Described precisely therein are the estate's size and location. The lease also names fields and even people who then lived in Hausweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
At the beginning of the 16th century, a number of disputes arose between Hausweiler and several neighbouring villages. A [[grazing]] cooperative came into being in which, besides Hausweiler, also [[Buborn]], [[Deimberg]] and the [[Homberg, Kusel|Schönborner Hof]] participated. Buborn and Hausweiler, though, felt that they had been hard done by in this deal, and the two of them withdrew from the cooperative, leaving Deimberg and the Schönborner Hof to themselves, thus creating two parties. Time and again, one party would let its livestock graze on the others’ land, or one party's or the other's would wander off and get lost. The common practice at the time allowed one to claim livestock from outside as one's own if it was found on one's own land. Since this happened between the two parties repeatedly, it was not long before a serious disagreement arose between the two parties. It was, however, a long time before the disagreement was settled; the legal proceedings lasted years. In 1575, the Rhinegraves established themselves in the neighbouring village of [[Grumbach]], and Hausweiler's inhabitants were henceforth their subjects. Until the time of the [[French Revolution]], Hausweiler belonged to the lordship of the Rhinegraves of Grumbach. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the village was repeatedly plundered. Only a few inhabitants survived the war. In 1632, the [[Spain|Spaniards]], who were on the [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor's]] side, came [[murder]]ing and pillaging. That same year, the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]] claimed many inhabitants’ lives. In 1635, [[Croatia]]n troops were making their wrath felt in the region. As [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] troops, they had had to accept a defeat near [[Odernheim am Glan]] and had now advanced up the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. Like the inhabitants of so many other villages, the people of Hausweiler left their village and hid themselves in the Winterhauch woodland. Only a few returned to the village. Even after the war ended in 1648, there were still troops marauding over the land. Hausweiler could only recover from this gradually, especially as it also had to suffer in [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest. During these wars, the inhabitants again fled the village in 1697.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleon]]ic Era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were [[Annexation|annexed]] by [[France]]. Hausweiler belonged, during the French administration, to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Grumbach, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Grumbach, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]]. As early as 1793, [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] advanced up the Glan valley and took quarter in the villages near Grumbach, including Hausweiler. There were assaults by the soldiers against the local people.

In 1816, as a result of the [[Congress of Vienna]], Hausweiler passed to the [[Principality of Lichtenberg]], a newly created [[exclave]] of the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], which as of 1826 became the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]. As part of this state, it passed by sale in 1834 to the Kingdom of [[Prussia]], which made this area into the Sankt Wendel district in the [[Rhine Province]]. This district was subdivided into several ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Ämter]]'', with Hausweiler belonging to the ''Amt'' of Grumbach. Later, after the [[First World War]], the [[Treaty of Versailles]] stipulated, among other things, that 26 of the Sankt Wendel district's 94 municipalities had to be ceded to the [[United Kingdom|British]]- and French-[[Military occupation|occupied]] [[Saar (League of Nations)|Saar]]. The remaining 68 municipalities then bore the designation “Restkreis St. Wendel-Baumholder”, with the first syllable of ''Restkreis'' having the same meaning as in English, in the sense of “left over”. Its seat was at [[Baumholder]]. Hausweiler belonged to this district until 1937, when it was transferred to the [[Birkenfeld (district)|Birkenfeld district]], until then part of Oldenburg. This lay in the Prussian ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' of Koblenz. After the [[Second World War]], Hausweiler at first lay in a ''Regierungsbezirk'' of the same name within the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. In the course of administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate, the ''Amt'' of Grumbach was dissolved and in 1969, Hausweiler was transferred, this time to the Kusel district, in which it remains today. In 1972, it was transferred to the then newly founded [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]], and at the same time from the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Koblenz to the then newly founded (but since dissolved) ''Regierungsbezirk'' of [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
The village of Hausweiler has to this day remained rurally structured. The greater part of the village's population worked until just a few decades ago mainly at [[agriculture]]. Besides farmers, there were farmhands, forestry workers and a few craftsmen. Further earning opportunities were hardly ever to be found. Even today, a few people still work the land. The greater part of the people, though, work outside the village. As early as 1955, of the 19 members of the workforce, 15 had to [[Commuting|commute]] to jobs elsewhere. Today, Hausweiler is held to be the smallest self-administering ''Ortsgemeinde'' in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]]. It is feared that, given the current, very low population figure, the downward trend will continue.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Hausweiler:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Hausweiler’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1815 || 1860 || 1900 || 1925 || 1958 || 1999 || 2007 || 2010
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 23 || 122 || 129 || 97 || 79 || 78 || 78 || 52
|}

===Municipality’s name===
In a copy of a 1347 document, the village is named as ''Houswyler''. Other forms that the name has taken over the centuries are: ''Huswylre'' (1363 in an original document), ''Hußwyler'' (1443), ''Hußwiller'' (about 1500), Hausweiler (1568/1575). The village's name prefix is derived from a [[Franks|Frankish]] man's name, ''Huso''. It is clear from examining the earlier name forms that it does ''not'' come from the [[German language|German]] word for “house”, although it is written and pronounced as such today. The placename ending ''—weiler'' is derived from the word ''vilare'', meaning “locality” (the standalone German word ''Weiler'' today means “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]”) and denotes a small settlement with an indefinite founding date. Thus, the name means “Huso’s Place”.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Municipality’s name]</ref><ref>[http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20&%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hausweiler/ A bit more history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305080621/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hausweiler/ |date=2013-03-05 }}</ref>

===Vanished villages===
Supposedly, within what are now Hausweiler's limits, once stood a place named Birken (“Birches”) during the [[Middle Ages]], but it vanished in the [[Thirty Years' War]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
From the [[Early Middle Ages]] onwards, Hausweiler belonged to the parish of Herren-Sulzbach. The village never had its own [[church (building)|church]]. Hence, Hausweiler's ecclesiastical history is the same as [[Herren-Sulzbach]]’s right up until 1808. Then, a new parish of Grumbach was founded, to which Hausweiler, too, was attached. In 1556, the Rhinegraves introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]. Until the [[Thirty Years' War]], all Hausweiler’s inhabitants were [[Protestantism|Protestant]]. Later, the lordship tolerated other denominations, though these never earned any special importance. To this day, the great majority of the population is, as throughout the parish, [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360403500.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Hausweiler’s mayor is Wolfgang Maurer, and his deputies are Klaus Hankel and Klaus Volles.<ref>[http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20&%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hausweiler/ Hausweiler’s executive] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305080621/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hausweiler/ |date=2013-03-05 }}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality’s [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per bend sinister Or a lion rampant sinister gules armed and langued azure and vert in base an attire of four points fesswise above which a birch leaf palewise, both of the first.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the dexter (armsbearer’s right, viewer’s left) side, the lion, is drawn from the arms once borne by the [[Waldgrave]]s, among whose holdings was Hausweiler. The antler (“attire” in the blazon) in base refers to the wealth of game in the countryside around the village. The [[birch]] leaf on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side is [[Canting arms|canting]] for the vanished village of Birken, whose name meant “birches”. The arms have been borne since 1964 when they were approved by the [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] Ministry of the Interior.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Description and explanation of Hausweiler’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Oberdorf – belltower, two-floor building with gabled roof, 1929, shed

===Regular events===
Hausweiler's [[kermis]] (an event that is in most places a church consecration festival, but there is no church in Hausweiler) is held on the third weekend in May. Most old customs have fallen by the wayside in Hausweiler, and are hardly practised anymore.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
There was long a men's singing club in the village, but now there are reportedly no longer any clubs.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
In the years following the [[Second World War]], the number of [[Agriculture|agricultural]] operations fell sharply, although the amount of agriculturally usable land was largely preserved. Thus, such operations as did still exist expanded. Farms run as main occupations became secondary. Since the mid 1990s, agricultural operations have been being given up one by one.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
As in other villages in the ''Amt'' of Grumbach, efforts also arose in Hausweiler in the late 16th century to teach children to [[Literacy|read and write]] as a result of the effects wrought by the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] movement. Then, as now, however, the small population figure saw to it that Hausweiler could not build its own schoolhouse. Originally, schoolchildren had to attend school in neighbouring [[Herren-Sulzbach]]. Classes were held in that village for all the parish's schoolchildren – in a herdsman's house. In 1814, once schoolhouses began appearing in the parish's other villages, Hausweiler joined with [[Grumbach]] and formed with the ''Amt'' seat a school community, which lasted right up until general school reform began in 1968. Then, at first, [[primary school]] pupils attended the Grumbach-Hoppstädten primary school, while [[Hauptschule]] students from the beginning went to the Hauptschule in [[Lauterecken]]. In 2010, the Grumbach-Hoppstädten primary school was closed, and then the primary school pupils, too, began attending school in Lauterecken. The ''[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] Lauterecken'' stands only a few kilometres from the village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
To the north runs ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270, from which the village of Hausweiler can be reached over a ''[[Kreisstraße]]''. [[Grumbach]] and [[Lauterecken]] each lie some 3 km away. It is, however, 35 to 45 km to the [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s near [[Kusel]] and [[Kaiserslautern]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7529 Transport]</ref> Serving [[Lauterecken]] is a [[railway station]] on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130305080621/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Hausweiler/ Hausweiler in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=5124188/9x5gww/ Hausweiler in the television programme ''Hierzuland''] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Ginsweiler

2024-12-22T05:04:18Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-ginsweiler.jpg → File:DEU Ginsweiler COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Ginsweiler COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|39|10|N|7|38|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Ginsweiler in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 180
|area = 3.99
|postal_code = 67742
|area_code = 06364
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 029
|website = [http://www.ginsweiler.de/ www.ginsweiler.de]
|mayor = Roland Bender<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
|party =
}}

'''Ginsweiler''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in the [[North Palatine Uplands]] in the Odenbach valley, which runs between the [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] and [[Alsenz (river)|Alsenz]] valleys. The greater part of the village lies on the Odenbach's right bank at an elevation of some 180 m above [[sea level]]. Here, the Becherbach, which rises east of the village near the neighbouring village of [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]], meets the Odenbach. The elevations either side of the valley within Ginsweiler's limits reach up to 340 m above sea level on the right bank and 350 m above sea level on the left. Many people call the region the ''Alte Welt'' (“Old World”). The municipal area measures 399 ha, of which 38 ha is settled and 57 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Ginsweiler borders in the north on the municipality of [[Adenbach]], in the east on the municipality of [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]], in the south on the municipality of [[Reipoltskirchen]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Hohenöllen]] and in the west on the municipality of [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]].

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Ginsweiler are the outlying homesteads of Naumburgerhof and Ölmühle.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Constituent communities]</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
The old village core lies in the valley of the Becherbach just upstream from where it empties into the Odenbach. The original village was expanded along the through road in the Odenbach valley. There are still quite a few old farmhouses here. The mill in the village's north end, the oilmill in the southwest and the Naumburgerhof in the west are also part of the older building areas. A new building area, Nachtweide, arose in 1990 south of the Becherbach. The former schoolhouse, in which an [[Ecumenism|ecumenical]] church service room has now been set up, stands on Hauptstraße (“Main Street”). A sporting ground with a [[Association football|football]] pitch lies in the village's northern area between the through road and the Odenbach. The graveyard is found in the east on the road to Becherbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Until 27 BC, the area was inhabited by the [[Treveri]], a people of mixed [[Celts|Celtic]] and [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] stock, from whom the [[Latin]] name for the city of [[Trier]], ''[[History of Trier|Augusta Treverorum]]'', is also derived. Thereafter, until AD 451, the area was part of the [[Roman Empire]]’s province of [[Germania Superior]]. Then, between 375 and 496, the [[Alamanni]] thrust their way into the lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank. However, they were dislodged from their new lands by another Germanic people, the [[Franks]], in 496, who took over the area.

Within Ginsweiler’s own municipal area, no [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds are thus far known, but as witnessed by those unearthed in neighbouring places, human beings were already living in the area in prehistoric times. That the immediate area was settled in [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] times might be proved by a piece of [[spolia]] that is today part of a wall in a building at the Naumburgerhof. Moreover, unearthed in 1833, during building work on a house, were a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[relief]] and two lions. These finds were described by the [[Odenbach]] pastor Philipp Wilbrand Jakob Müller as follows: “A 3¾-foot-tall tableau chiselled out of fine [[sandstone]]; showing three well worked, clad human figures, not hewn into the stone, but rather standing out in a statuelike way, the middle figure was missing its head, which was broken off at the torso. It must, given the clothing and the whole composition, be explained as a female person, a mother who carries and leads her children with devoted love. On her left arm sits a small child wrapped in a cloth folded over and over. The child’s head is likewise broken off at the torso. With the hand hanging down on the right side, the figure leads a lad briskly and ably walking behind. A male lion broken into two pieces, about half life size, lying, resting on his forelegs, holding a sheep’s head between them. A lioness, broken into two pieces of the same size and in the same position: the front side broken up and with the sheep’s head between the paws. Both animals seem to have stood facing each other at a gateway or portal.”<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
About 600, the lordship of Medard was split from the royal holdings and donated to the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]]. In 843 came the [[Treaty of Verdun]], which divided the [[Francia|Frankish Realm]] into three states. Ginsweiler was grouped into the [[East Francia|Kingdom of the East Franks]]. From roughly 750 to 1140, spanning both the eras, before and after Verdun, the local area belonged to the [[Nahegau]] Counts. Splitting away from them about 1127 was the [[County of Veldenz]], under whose protection were mostly ecclesiastical lands, for instance lands held by the Bishopric of Verdun around [[Baumholder]] and [[Medard]] and the ''Remigiusland'', a domain held by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Archbishopric of Reims]]. In 1327, the Counts of Veldenz also bought the lordship of Medard. Ginsweiler, too, lay within the new County of Veldenz and later, comital vassals were time and again enfeoffed with the whole village or part of it. The first indication that history has of this is a document from 1379, wherein the knight Sir Mohr of Sötern (nowadays a constituent community of [[Nohfelden]]) confirmed that he had been enfeoffed by the gracious [[Junker]] Friedrich, Count of Veldenz, with holdings in the villages of [[Heinzenhausen]], [[Lohnweiler]], [[Lauterecken]], [[Medard]], [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Roth]], Schwanden (vanished village near Medard), [[Sulzbachtal|Obersulzbach, Niedersulzbach]], Ginsweiler, Mannweiler (vanished village), [[Adenbach]] and [[Odenbach]], and in the outlying countryside around [[Meisenheim]]. For Ginsweiler, Mannweiler, Adenbach and the two Sulzbachs (nowadays Sulzbachtal), this was a first documentary mention. Nevertheless, Pöhlmann rather assumed that the ''Gundeswilre'' mentioned in the document referred to Gumbsweiler (nowadays a constituent community of [[Sankt Julian]]), not Ginsweiler. Before these holdings were once more granted as [[fief]]s, according to Alfred Wendel, the Knights of Odenbach had supposedly been the fiefholders. “Junker Friedrich” was Count Friedrich II of the cadet line of the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]]. In a 1380 itemization, a knight named Gerhard von Alsenz likewise acknowledged an enfeoffment from Count Friedrich II, confirming that he held a share in [[Castle]] Odenbach, and also received interest from various villages, namely Ginsweiler, Mannweiler and Adenbach. The fiefs named herein later passed at some unknown point in time to the Lords of Allenbach (Ellenbach). The village of Ginsweiler belonged then to the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'' of Odenbach. In 1444, [[Frederick III, Count of Veldenz]], the last from the [[Hohengeroldseck]] family to rule the county, died without a male heir; the county passed to his son-in-law [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken]], widower of Frederick's daughter, [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna of Veldenz]]. Stephen, combining his lands, created the new [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]], which in the fullness of time came to be known as the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken. For the time being, the town of [[Meisenheim]] remained the residence town, but it was moved to [[Zweibrücken]] in 1477.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Middle Ages]</ref>

Northeast of the Naumburger Hof (farm) near Ginsweiler once stood the [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] Naumburg, a [[castle]] that has now all but vanished.

===Modern times===
The [[Palatine Zweibrücken#List of Counts Palatine Zweibrücken|Counts Palatine (Dukes) of Zweibrücken]] introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] as early as 1537. In documents dealing with subsequent ecclesiastical visitations, citizens of Ginsweiler were mentioned. Before the end of the 16th century, the rights to Ginsweiler granted by the Counts Palatine passed from the Lords of Allenbach to the Lords of Kellenbach and to the Mauchenheims of Zweibrücken. All these rights passed in the late 17th century to the Lords of Fürstenwerther, the offspring from [[Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]]'s [[morganatic marriage]] to a [[Meisenheim]] townswoman, to whom the Elector had transferred the village and [[castle]] of [[Odenbach]]. The 17th century was otherwise marked by war, namely the [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618-1648) and [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest towards the end of the century. There was more hardship than simply war that the somewhat secluded villages faced; there were hunger and pervasive sickness as well. The worst emergencies for the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] valley were to be noted beginning in 1635. People's morals broke down and became unimaginably brutal. The villages were largely depopulated and after the war virtually had to be repopulated. Indeed, even before the Thirty Years' War, Ginsweiler was a very small village with only six families, according to a count done at a 1609 ecclesiastical visitation. By 1656, only three families were living in the village, and there may already have been newcomers among them. Even municipal boundaries had largely been forgotten, leading to boundary disputes between villages. As Alfred Wendel wrote: “The farmers of [[Adenbach]] and Ginsweiler in 1701 drove (their livestock) before the established time, instead of at [[Michaelmas]] (29 September), as early as the [[Nativity of Mary]] (8 September), to the jointly used 'Nachtweide' (a pasture). Those from [[Odenbach]] and [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Roth]] complained to the [[Sweden|Swedish]] administration.” The administration answered them by saying that everything should remain as it had been before. The reference to a “Swedish” administration here stems from the dynasty that then held Zweibrücken: from 1681 to 1718, the Kings of Sweden were concurrently the Counts Palatine (or Dukes) of Zweibrücken. Other than contribution lists, nothing is recorded about events in the village during Louis XIV's wars. Population figures rose very quickly, supported by new settlers. In the course of the 18th century, it was found that not everyone could be fed by the local harvest yields, and there began extensive [[emigration]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Modern times]</ref>

Over the ages until this time, the local rulers were as follows:
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="800"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Years''' || '''Ruler''' || '''Remarks'''
|- align="center"
| 1410-1459 || [[Count palatine|Count Palatine]] [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Stephen]] of [[House of Palatinate-Simmern|Palatinate-Simmern]] || from 1410 coregent in the County of Veldenz
|- align="center"
| 1459-1489 || Duke [[Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Louis I of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] || –
|- align="center"
| 1489-1514 || Duke [[Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Alexander of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] || –
|- align="center"
| 1514-1532 || Duke [[Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Louis II of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] || died 3 December 1532
|- align="center"
| 1532-1544 || Count Palatine [[Rupert, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Rupert]] || Ludwig II's brother; Guardianship
|- align="center"
| 1544-1569 || Duke [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Wolfgang]] || –
|- align="center"
| 1569-1604 || Duke [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|John I]] || –
|- align="center"
| 1604 || [[Electoral Palatinate|Elector Palatine]] [[Frederick IV, Elector Palatine|Frederick IV]] || Guardianship
|- align="center"
| 1604-1635 || Duke [[John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|John II]] || wife: Luisa Juliana of the Palatinate
|- align="center"
| 1635-1640 || Dowager Duchess Luisa Juliana || Guardianship government
|- align="center"
| 1640-1661 || Duke [[Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Frederick]] || –
|- align="center"
| 1661-1681 || Duke [[Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Frederick Louis]] || [[Palatinate-Landsberg|Landsberg]] line
|- align="center"
| 1681-1697 || ([[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]) || [[France|French]] province of the Saar
|- align="center"
| 1681-1692 || [[Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld|Christian II]] || Birkenfeld-Bischweiler line; held by Kingdom of [[Sweden]]
|- align="center"
| 1691-1697 || [[Charles XI of Sweden|Charles XI]] || Kleeburg line; held by Kingdom of Sweden
|- align="center"
| 1697-1718 || [[Charles XII of Sweden|Charles XII]] || held by Kingdom of Sweden
|- align="center"
| 1692-1697 || Charlotte Friedericke || Archprince Wilhelm Ludwig's widow
|- align="center"
| 1697-1707 || Count Gabriel [[Oxenstierna]] || died 25 February 1707
|- align="center"
| 1707-1710 || Christian Nikolaus von Greyffencrantz || –
|- align="center"
| 1710-1718 || Count Henning von Strahlenheim || –
|- align="center"
| 1718 || Count [[Stanisław Poniatowski (1676–1762)|Stanisław Poniatowski]] || 9 August to 11 December
|- align="center"
| 1718-1731 || Duke Gustaf Samuel Leopold || Kleeburg line; died 17 September 1731
|- align="center"
| 1731-1733 || – || [[Sequestration (law)|Sequestration]] by the [[Electorate of Mainz]] and [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt|Hesse-Darmstadt]]
|- align="center"
| 1733-1735 || Duke [[Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Christian III]] || Birkenfeld-Bischweiler line
|- align="center"
| 1735-1740 || Dowager Duchess [[Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken|Caroline]] || Guardianship government
|- align="center"
| 1740-1775 || Duke [[Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Christian IV]] || –
|- align="center"
| 1775-1795 || Duke [[Charles II August, Duke of Zweibrücken|Charles II Christian]] || Palatinate-Neuburg-Sulzbach line
|- align="center"
| 1795-1797 || [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria|Maximilian Joseph]] || later King of [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]]; [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]] line
|}

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were [[Annexation|annexed]] by [[France]], and all the old [[Feudalism|feudal]] boundaries were swept away. The [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] had mandated this [[cession]]. Until 1814, Ginsweiler was ruled by the French. After territorial reorganization, Ginsweiler lay in the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Odenbach, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Lauterecken, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). After the united [[Prussia]]n, [[Russian Empire|Russian]] and [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] troops’ victories over Napoleon, [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|Blücher]] was able to cross the Rhine on New Year's Night 1814, and the French withdrew from the lands on the Rhine's left bank. For the next two years after that, the area lay under military administration by these allies. The authority was the Imperial and Royal Austrian and Royal Bavarian State Administration Commission (''Kaiserliche und königliche österreichische und königliche bairische Landesadministrationskommission''), whose seat was in [[Kreuznach]], and then later [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]. Ginsweiler passed on 1 May 1816 to the ''bayerischer Rheinkreis'', or “Bavarian Rhine District”, the name given the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] once the [[Congress of Vienna]] had awarded it to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] as an [[exclave]]. Ginsweiler then belonged to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Odenbach in the Canton of Lauterecken and the ''Landkommissariat'' of Kusel.

In 1871, the [[German Empire]] was founded, but the Kingdom of Bavaria still existed within this. It was not until after the [[First World War]], after the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919|German Revolution]] in 1918 that the territorial status changed. After the [[Wilhelm II of Germany|Kaiser]] had been overthrown and driven into [[exile]], Bavaria became the Free State of Bavaria. This lasted throughout [[Weimar Republic]] times until early in the time of the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]].

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) became quite popular in Ginsweiler. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], 10.1% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party. In the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], it was 32.6%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 48.1%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. On 8 April 1934, Ginsweiler was grouped into the [[Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany|Gau]] of Saarpfalz, and later, on 11 March 1941, it was transferred to the Gau of Westmark, whose seat was in [[Saarbrücken]].

On 19 March 1945, [[United States|American]] [[tank]]s rolled into [[Odenbach]]. Then came the [[Allied-occupied Germany|occupation]], first by the Americans, and then by the French. On 10 May 1945, a provincial government was set up in Saarpfalz and [[Rhenish Hesse]] under French occupation, and on 31 July 1945, the Chief Government Presidium of Palatinate-Rhenish Hesse was established. Finally, on 18 May 1947, the [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] was founded. After the [[Second World War]], when the Palatinate was split away from [[Bavaria]], other territorial arrangements did not change at first. Only in the course of the 1968 administrative restructuring did Ginsweiler pass in 1970 to the then newly founded [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Recent times]</ref> The ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Odenbach was also dissolved.<ref>[http://www.ginsweiler.de/26932.html Ginsweiler’s history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625071619/http://www.ginsweiler.de/26932.html |date=2012-06-25 }}</ref>

===Population development===
Ginsweiler has remained to this day rurally structured. The greater part of the population was working in [[agriculture]] even after the [[Second World War]]. Along with this, there were also craftsmen in the village. Farming nowadays employs very few people. Most members of the workforce must seek a livelihood elsewhere, and so the village must be regarded as a rural residential community. In the [[Late Middle Ages]], Ginsweiler was very small, indeed at best a gathering of several farms right up until the [[Thirty Years' War]] broke out in the early 17th century. Furthermore, the number of farms was at least halved in that long-fought war. Great growth in population marked the 18th century, though, which can only be explained by newcomers settling in the village, which in the beginning was likely the result of [[France|French]] repopulation measures. The population also kept rising in the 19th and early 20th centuries, reaching a peak of 404 inhabitants in 1905. Between the two world wars, growth stagnated at a rather low level, but rose again after the Second World War with the coming of [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|ethnic Germans driven out of Germany's former eastern territories]], reaching an all-time peak of 441 inhabitants in 1950. After a rather hefty decrease about 1970, there were light waves of movement in and out of the village. Population aging does not show up as strongly in Ginsweiler as it does in other places of similar size in the Kusel district.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Ginsweiler:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Ginsweiler’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1609 || 1656 || 1674 || 1719 || 1790 || 1801 || 1835 || 1905 || 1939 || 1945 || 1961 || 1980 || 1999 || 2010
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 32 || 12 || 20 || 64 || 112 || 179 || 295 || 404 || 390 || 224 || 378 || 355 || 369 || 337
|}

===Municipality’s name===
In 1379, Ginsweiler had its first documentary mention as ''Gundeßwilr''. Later forms of the name are ''Gimswiler'' (1483), ''Gintzweiller'' (1557), ''Guntzwiller'' (1580), ''Ginssweiler'' (1724), ''Ginzweiler'' (1797) and Ginsweiler (1824). The village's name combines the common placename ending ''—weiler'', meaning “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]” or, originally, “homestead”, with the personal name “Gundlîn”, and thus the name Ginsweiler originally meant “Gundlîn’s Homestead”. The ''—weiler'' ending also suggests a founding in early [[Franks|Frankish]] times.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
Actual abandoned villages in the area of Ginsweiler's limits are unknown. However, as early as 1380, in connection with Ginsweiler and other nearby villages, a place called Nunburg was being mentioned. This might be exactly the same place as what is now called the Naumburgerhof near Ginsweiler. It is assumed that this village or the later farming homestead (as it is now) arose at a [[castle]], or perhaps a castle's former site (the ending ''—burg'' means “castle” in [[German language|German]]). As early as 1268, a ''Niwenburg'' (“new castle”) was mentioned, perhaps the root of both names. Could the Naumburgerhof even once have been a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[villa rustica]]? Even today, Roman [[spolia]] are to be found on the farm, leading to speculation that such an ancient estate may have lain just here. Names that the Naumburgerhof has borne over the centuries are: ''Hofguth Naumburg'', (1585), ''Nauenberg'' (1609), ''Naumberg'' (1661), ''Hofguth Naumburg'' (1673), ''Naumburger Hof'' (1773).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
From the [[Early Middle Ages]], Ginsweiler belonged to the Glan ecclesiastical [[Chapter (religion)|chapter]] and was a branch congregation of the Church of [[Medard]]. After the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was introduced into the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]] about 1537, all the village's inhabitants [[Forced conversion|had to]] embrace [[Martin Luther]]’s teachings. Likewise in 1588, a decree from the Count Palatine meant that everyone then had to adopt [[John Calvin]]’s [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] beliefs. Only after the [[Thirty Years' War]] ended in 1648 were the people once again allowed to adopt the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] or [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] faith. With the arrival of new settlers who had come to repopulate villages emptied of people by the Thirty Years' War, and with the promotion of Catholicism by the French during [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV’s]] wars of conquest, the Catholic share of local villages’ populations began to rise. It can thus be assumed that during the French wars of conquest, Roman Catholics settled in Ginsweiler. Another thing that could explain the strong growth in the Catholic population at this time is [[missionary]] work being done by the [[Franciscan]] convent that had then set itself up in the town of [[Meisenheim]]. Few seized the opportunity to convert to Lutheranism, and anyway, the Lutheran and [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] churches eventually united in the 1818 Palatine [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Union. In 1719, there were 21 Roman Catholic [[Christianity|Christians]] living in the village, 38 Reformed (Calvinists) and 5 Lutherans. Of the 225 inhabitants in the village in 1825, 122 were Catholic and 81 [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]. Among the Evangelical inhabitants during the 19th century, there were always [[Mennonite]]s who were counted along with them (8 in 1802; 17 in 1867). In 1961, Protestants were once again the greater group (161 Roman Catholics; 215 Evangelicals). Ginsweiler has never had its own church. The Evangelical Christians now belong to the parish of Odenbach while the Roman Catholics originally belonged to the parish of Reipoltskirchen, but since 1975 have belonged to the parish of Lauterecken.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360402900.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Ginsweiler's mayor is Roland Bender.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''In gespaltenem Schild rechts zwölffach von Silber und Blau unterteilt, links in Schwarz ein goldener Ginsterzweig.''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Per pale barry of twelve argent and azure and sable a broom twig slipped palewise Or.

The barry pattern on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side is drawn from the arms once borne by the Lords of Boxberg, who had holdings in Ginsweiler during the [[Middle Ages]], and the [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s come from those once borne by the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]]. The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side, the [[broom (shrub)|broom]] twig, is [[Canting arms|canting]] for the village's name. “Broom” is ''Ginster'' in [[German language|German]]. The twig and the field in this half of the arms are also rendered in Rhineland-Palatinate's tinctures.

The arms were designed by Mr. Becker from Malberg, were conferred by the old ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' of [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] (whose seat was in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]]) and have been borne since 13 December 1978.<ref>[http://www.ginsweiler.de/26932.html Description and explanation of Ginsweiler’s arms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625071619/http://www.ginsweiler.de/26932.html |date=2012-06-25 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Coat of arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Hauptstraße 35 – one-floor ''Quereinhaus'' (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street) with [[knee wall]], marked 1830
* At Naumburger Hof 3a – [[spolia]], block from a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] tomb

===Regular events===
The [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) is held on the last weekend in June, while a ''Nachkerb'' (“Afterkermis”) was held until a few years ago on the last weekend in September. Now, though, a [[Christmas]] market has been introduced instead, held on the second Sunday in [[Advent]]. Other old customs have hardly been preserved.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
The following clubs are active in Ginsweiler:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Clubs]</ref>
*''Sportverein-Cronenberg'' — [[sport club]]
*''Ortsgruppe des VDK'' — VDK local chapter; advocates for the handicapped, chronically ill, seniors and war victims
*''Landfrauenverein'' — countrywomen's club
*''Feuerwehrförderverein'' — [[fire brigade]] promotional association
*''SPD-Ortsverein'' — [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] local chapter
*''Theatergruppe'' — theatre troop
*''Vogelschutzgruppe'' — bird conservation group
*''Mutter- und Kindergruppe'' — mother-and-child group
*''Seniorenkreis'' — “seniors’ circle”
*''DRK-Ortsgruppe'' — [[German Red Cross]] local chapter
*''Bauern- und Winzerschaft'' — farmers’ and winegrowers’ association

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Originally, the villagers lived almost wholly on [[agriculture]]. Besides the customary craft businesses, there were in earlier days three mills. Two were named for their locations on the brook as ''Untermühle'' and ''Obermühle'' (“Lower Mill” and “Upper Mill”). The Lower Mill was mentioned as early as 1570, and it was running until 1979. The Upper Mill was foremost an oilmill. It was built in the mid 18th century and was shut down for good in 1954. For a shorter time, there was a ''Pulvermühle'' (“Powder Mill”), at which [[Niter|saltpetre]] was finely ground. This mill was built in the mid 17th century, but was shut down in the early 18th century. Further sources of income in the Ginsweiler area were the [[sandstone]] quarries, which were shut down after the [[Second World War]] owing to unprofitability. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, travelling musicians (''Wandermusikanten'') from Ginsweiler travelled the world, as they did from many other villages in the region. In the late 19th century, a small [[circus]] business even had its head office in the village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
Although the number of children was rising, the only school in Ginsweiler was the tiny 18th-century one used by the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] schoolchildren. The [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] schoolchildren still had to attend the school in [[Reipoltskirchen]], which had separate classrooms for each denomination. Only in 1864 was a school built at which both denominations could be taught. Nevertheless, the problem of denominational schools was not thereby solved, for the Catholic schoolchildren later once again had to go to the school in Reipoltskirchen, and it was demanded that a “parish school” be built in Ginsweiler for all Catholic schoolchildren from the villages of Ginsweiler, [[Adenbach]], [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]] and [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]]. This school, however, was never built. The Ginsweiler schoolhouse was converted in such a way in 1929 that the teachers’ dwellings became a new classroom. What had hitherto been the small Catholic classroom was made into a teaching material room. In a new [[semi-detached]] house, the two teachers’ dwellings were now housed. The dispute over whether there should be two denominational schools or simply one [[Christianity|Christian]]-community school now and then led the Ginsweiler schoolchildren's parents into great controversy, and in the 1920s, even to school [[Strike action|strike]]s. After the [[Second World War]], the denominational school was reintroduced, and it existed until 1967. At the community school that then came into being were at first one classroom for [[primary school]] pupils and one for [[Hauptschule]] students. Today, the primary school pupils attend the school in [[Odenbach]] and the Hauptschule students attend the corresponding school in [[Lauterecken]]. The Ginsweiler schoolhouse was converted into a civic centre in 1982. The nearest [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] are the ones in Lauterecken and [[Meisenheim]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Ginsweiler lies on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 382 ([[Odenbach]]–[[Kaiserslautern]]). To the northwest runs ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420. The nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s are rather far away (Kaiserslautern 30 km, [[Kusel]] 35 km, [[Wörrstadt]] 45 km).

Ginsweiler lies within the area covered by the [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar|VRN]]. The nearest [[railway station]] is ''[[Lauterecken]]-[[Grumbach]]'' on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]'', 8 km away, with trains going to [[Kaiserslautern]]. Formerly there was also a station in Odenbach only 5 km away. The station is served weekdays by a few buses on route 268. There is also bus route 131, which on working days runs as a direct link from Ginsweiler to [[Kaiserslautern Central Station]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7520 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
Lotte Mühlborn ''née'' Maurer (b. 1877 in Ginsweiler; d. 1965 in [[Kaiserslautern]]) — She came from the “Upper Mill” near Ginsweiler and became known as a folk poet. Married to a schoolteacher, she lived in [[Altrip]] and [[Hirschhorn, Rhineland-Palatinate|Hirschhorn]], and then in her later years in Kaiserslautern. Her works – [[Poetry|poems]] and [[narrative]]s – appeared in many regional magazines.

===Famous people associated with the municipality===
Wilhelm Weitzel (b. 1883 in [[Kleinkarlbach]]; d. 1945 in [[Bad Dürkheim]]) — He was from 1908 to 1922 a schoolteacher in Ginsweiler, and was said to be a well-liked schoolmaster. He busied himself outside teaching with [[Microorganism|microörganism]]s. He published various scientific works about the results of his research. Together with his wife, a writer, he died in an [[Strategic bombing|air raid]] on Bad Dürkheim late in the [[Second World War]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.ginsweiler.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130305074429/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Ginsweiler/ Ginsweiler in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Einöllen

2024-12-21T07:04:33Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Einoellen.png → File:DEU Einöllen COA.svg PNG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa =DEU Einöllen COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|36|30|N|7|38|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Einöllen in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 344
|area = 4.89
|postal_code = 67753
|area_code = 06304
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 019
|website = [http://www.einoellen.de/ www.einoellen.de]
|mayor = Siegfried Berndt<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Einöllen''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a type of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies 6 km southeast of [[Lauterecken]] and 7 km east of [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 383. Einöllen is located on a mountain ridge between the Odenbach and Lauter valleys at elevations between 303 and 360 m above [[sea level]]. The highest elevation within municipal limits is the Sattelberg at 381 m above sea level. [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]] lies roughly 7 km away, while it is about 35 km to each of [[Kusel]], [[Kaiserslautern]] and [[Idar-Oberstein]]. ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 42 leads through the actual village core and onwards to the Ausbacherhof (an outlying [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of [[Reipoltskirchen]]) and Reipoltskirchen into the Odenbach valley, and to [[Rockenhausen]] and the [[Donnersberg]]. Running over the heights from [[Lauterecken]] is an old [[Roman roads|Roman road]] leading to [[Hohenöllen]], near to that village's namesake ''Hohe Halde'' (“High Heap” or “High Dump”) with its famous view of the ''Lauterschleife'' (a tight bow in the river [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]]). Until just before the little wood known as the Harstholz, this Roman road forms the stretch of ''Landesstraße'' 383 that today runs through Einöllen. Then, at the so-called ''Hohe Dohl'' at the ''vorderer Weiher'' (“further pond”), it bends to the left, runs between the woods and the ''hinterer Weiher'' (“hinder pond”) and meets the other Roman road coming from Kaiserslautern and leading by way of [[Morbach]] and the Ausbacherhof to [[Meisenheim]]. Given the location between the two roads, the Harstholz was ideal for [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] settlements. Within the municipality's limits, from several [[Spring (hydrosphere)|springs]] lying towards the boundary with Relsberg, rises the Sulzbach, which in its upper reaches flows through what was once the village of Heinzweiler, and which downstream from [[Medard]] empties into the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. Near the Harstholz rises the Breitbach, which empties into the river Lauter in [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]]. Einöllen's municipal area measures 571 ha, of which 80 ha is wooded.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7509|title=Einöllen - regionalgeschichte.net|website=www.regionalgeschichte.net}}</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Einöllen borders in the northeast on the municipality of [[Reipoltskirchen]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Relsberg]], in the south on the town of [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Hohenöllen]].

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Einöllen are the outlying homesteads of Berghof and Hobstätterhof.<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125005812/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf |date=2015-11-25 }}, Seite 99 (PDF)</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
Serving as Einöllen's original anchor was its church, around which arose the first houses. The village spread out to both the east and the south. About 1900, the thoroughfares ''Landesstraße'' 383 and ''Kreisstraße'' 42 were each built up along both sides. A new building area was opened in the municipality's west beginning in 1970.<ref name="auto"/>

==History==

===Antiquity===
The Einöllen area might have been settled as early as [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, and even somewhat earlier. In the Harstholz (wood) lie two (Dr. [[Hermann Gauch]], who was a local, mentioned three) pre-Roman [[Celts|Celtic]] [[Tumulus|barrows]]. A stone [[sarcophagus]] found right nearby makes it clear that there were people here. At the Ohligrech (apparently a vulgar corruption of ''Ewige Quelle'', meaning “Everlasting Spring”) in 1929, Dr. Hermann Gauch found several whetted [[Stone tool|stone axes]] from the [[New Stone Age]]. There could even be a link between the pre-Roman [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds in Einöllen and the Roman villa unearthed between [[Reipoltskirchen]] and [[Hefersweiler]] in the Odenbach valley.<ref name="auto"/>

===Middle Ages===
Einöllen originally belonged to the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], whose comital seat was at [[Meisenheim]], and who had split away from the [[Nahegau]] Counts in the early 12th century. According to Veldenz documents from 1268 and 1387, the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Ampt]] Honhelden'' (using the archaic spelling of ''Amt''), along with the [[chapel]] estate of Einöllen as an annex was one of the Veldenzes’ two [[Allodial title|allodial]] holdings, the other being [[Waldgrehweiler]], which at that time was known as ''Grebwilre'' (in [[German language|Modern High German]] this would be ''Grafenweiler'', meaning “Count’s [[Hamlet (place)|Hamlet]]). In many cases, these allodial holdings served lords as summertime seats, as it were, [[Cottage#In Canada and the U.S.|cottages]]. Einöllen apparently held much importance to the Counts of Veldenz for its “lordly pond” (alongside [[winegrowing]] at the Wingertsberg or Herrenberg at Hohenöllen). Thus, the Counts of Veldenz apparently came to the ''vorderer Weiher'' and ''hinterer Weiher'' (“further pond” and “hinder pond”), whose names still crop up today as rural cadastral toponyms, and to the neighbouring wood, the Harstholz, to do their [[fishing]] and bird hunting.<ref name="auto"/> Einöllen belonged to the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]] as of 1444. A 1615 record mentions the “''Weiher bey der Eich zu Ainot''” (“pond near the oak at Einöllen”). The pond area lies on a [[Roman roads|Roman road]].

An estate holder named Gauch also set up a church foundation in the [[Middle Ages]], but this was finally wiped out in 1923 in the [[Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic|hyperinflation]] that then beset the [[Weimar Republic]].

===Modern times===
The Veldenzes seem to have bestowed their lordly allodial seat upon somebody else, for in 1432, Einöllen was a [[dower]] estate held by Sofie von Eich, who was Wilhelm Wolf von [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim's]] wife. He, in turn, was one of the owners of Castle Alt-Wolfstein (near Wolfstein). In 1595, according to records from [[Disibodenberg]], [[Tithe|tithing]] rights in Einöllen belonged to the [[Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)|Order of Saint John]]. In the 15th century, the ''Amt'' seat was moved and there then appeared the ''Amt'' or ''Gericht'' (court region) of Einöllen, which also took in [[Hohenöllen]], Sulzbach (now Sulzhof, an outlying homestead of Hohenöllen), [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach|Oberweiler, Tiefenbach]], [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Rossbach, Stahlhausen and Immetshausen]]. In 1768, Einöllen passed by way of the Selz-Hagenbach Exchange from the ''Oberamt'' of Meisenheim and the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] (to which the [[County of Veldenz]] had passed in 1444) to the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]]’s ''Amt'' of Wolfstein and ''Oberamt'' of Kaiserslautern.<ref name="auto"/>

====Recent times====
After the [[French Revolution]] in 1789 and the subsequent [[France|French]] [[Military occupation|occupation]] that lasted until 1814, Einöllen belonged to the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). Around 1800, under [[Napoleon]]ic French rule, Einöllen was fleetingly a ''mairie'' (“mayoralty”), as witnessed by Jakob Gauch, whom historic records describe as the municipal head, border stone minder and provisional mayor. From 1815 on, the village belonged to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], within which it lay in the canton of Wolfstein in the ''Landkommissariat'' (later ''Bezirk'', and later still ''Landkreis'' or “rural district”) of Kaiserslautern. In the 18th and 19th centuries, there was [[coal]]mining in Einöllen, as there was in neighbouring villages. In 1900, Einöllen became a self-administering ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“mayoralty”) within the Kusel district. In August 1923, as in [[Hohenöllen]], Rossbach and [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter|Rutsweiler]], emergency money (''[[Notgeld]]'') was issued in Einöllen to finance the installation of an [[Electric power distribution|electrical supply]], with each note being signed by the then mayor, Welker, and his deputy, Wannenmacher.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} In the [[Second World War]], the Americans marched into the village on 19 March 1945. After the war and the establishment of Germany's new political order, the village was part of the Kusel district in the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Beginning in 1969, in the course of administrative restructuring in the state, ''Verbandsgemeinden'' were founded. Einöllen belongs to the [[Wolfstein (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Wolfstein]].<ref name="auto"/>

===Population development===
Mentioned in a 1544 ''Weistum'' (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times) was a ''[[Schultheiß]]'' named Hans Möller (or Müller). Other “old” names are Keller (1580) and Schmidt (1648), whereas the later influential family Gauch, which produced, among other people, a prominent [[Nazi Party|Nazi]] academic and postwar [[Holocaust denial|Holocaust denier]] ([[Hermann Gauch]]), first crops up in Einöllen's history only about 1740. The earliest population figures for Einöllen come from a 1587 [[Homage (feudal)|homage]] list. Named herein were 14 [[Archery|bowmen]] and 3 simple servants. All together, there were then some 90 persons living in the village. Striking is that even today there are many household or family names that are derived from feminine given names: Mahlches, (from Amalie), Gretches (from Margarete), Reles (from Aurelie), Rosas, Rosalies, Sennes (from Susanne), Settches (from Rosette).{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} The women from whom these names were taken mostly lived alone in the village at the turn of the 20th century, while their husbands sought work far away, mostly as travelling musicians.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Einöllen:<ref name="auto"/>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1787 || 1797 || 1837 || 1939 || 1946 || 1961 || 1971 || 1976 || 1986 || 1996
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 185 || 238 || 432 || 557 || 618 || 557 || 578 || 566 || 519 || 525
|}

===Municipality’s name===
Einöllen was once known as ''Eynet'' (1432), or ''Einheit'' (1438). The latter form is worthy of note, not only because in Modern High German it means “unit” or “oneness”, but also because it is a form of ''Einod'', an old word meaning “personal property”, here referring to the Veldenzes’ allodial holding. Beginning about 1550, however, especially in the Meisenheim visitation protocols, the village was called ''Ainot'' or ''Ainöt''. Thereafter, the name seems to have assimilated somewhat to the neighbouring village's name, [[Hohenöllen]], which evolved from ''Hoenhelden'' (Modern High German: ''hohe Halde'', meaning “high heap” or “high dump”), eventually becoming today's Einöllen. Thus in 1438, the name had already become ''Eynhelden''. In 1599, from a description of two estates, the Ingweilerhof and the Ausbacherhof, in the Speyer State Archive, the names ''Einod'' and ''Einölln'' were used side by side, as were ''Ainodt'' and ''Einellen'' in 1612 according to a record from [[Disibodenberg]].<ref name="auto"/>

==Religion==
The first clergyman based in Einöllen was the Reverend Johann Kuch (or Kuchius), whose grave, with an [[epitaph]], can still be found in the church. He planted a [[vineyard]] on the hill now known as the Kuchiuskopf, after him, and vines may still be found there today. A rural cadastral name also recalls Kuch, the Kuchiuswögelchen. After the rectory at [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach|Tiefenbach]] was laid waste by the [[France|French]] in 1670, the parish seat was moved to Einöllen. In 1402, the Counts transferred the parish church to the [[Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)|Order of Saint John]]. The [[Gothic architecture|Early Gothic]] window that is still preserved in the church's belltower, which may well date from as early as the 12th century, suggests that the church may go back to a [[chapel]] built by one of the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] about 1200, or perhaps even back to Count Gerlach I's time. He died in 1163. An unambiguous clue as to the building date comes from the 1590 Meisenheim [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] ecclesiastical visitation protocol. In a 1536 statement provided by the then notary public and pastor at [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach|Tiefenbach]], Petrus Rod (also known as Peter Rad or Peter Radius), it says: ''“Die Gemeinde zu Eynoth hat die Kapelle St-, Barbarae et Huperti auf ihre Kosten erbaut und erhalten ohne jemands Zuthun, ist jetzt 106 Jahre her”'' (“The community at Einöllen built and maintained [[Saint Barbara]]’s and [[Hubertus|Saint Hubert’s]] chapel at its own cost without anyone’s help; is now 106 years ago”). Going by this, the building date would be 1430. Belonging in 1565 to the parish, whose seat was in Tiefenbach, were Diesenberg, Einöllen, [[Hohenöllen]], Imetshausen, Mühlhausen, Oberweiler, Rossbach, Stahlhausen and Sulzbach. From 1670 to 1717, Einöllen was the sole parish seat, as the church in Tiefenbach had been destroyed. In 1729, the church was expanded. Belonging nowadays to the Einöllen mother church are the branches of [[Relsberg]], Hohenöllen-Sulzhof in the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken and the Ausbacherhof, which belongs to the municipality of Reipoltskirchen. [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] citizens attend church services in Reipoltskirchen. Both [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] and Catholic [[Christianity|Christians]] were buried at the churchyard, but there have been no burials there since 1820. A new municipal graveyard was laid out north of the village, towards Hohenöllen.<ref name="auto"/>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360701900.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Einöllen's mayor is Siegfried Berndt.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon originally read: ''In Blau ein linkshingewendeter goldener Pflug, der natürliches Ackerland durchfurcht.'' In 1985, however, this was changed to read: ''In Blau ein links hingewendeter goldener Pflug, natürliches Ackerland durchpflügend.''<ref name="auto"/>

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Azure on cropland proper a plough sinister Or.

The arms have been borne since 6 October 1925, when they were approved by the [[Bavaria]]n Ministry of State.<ref>[http://www.einoellen.de/de/geschichte_start.htm Description of Einöllen’s arms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405172509/http://www.einoellen.de/de/geschichte_start.htm |date=2005-04-05 }}</ref>

While the arms shown in this article render the ground in brown, the example shown on the municipality's own website renders it in green. However, these renderings both conform to the blazon (“''natürliches''”/“proper”), which prescribes natural colour.<ref>[http://www.einoellen.de/de/geschichte_02.htm More about the arms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405195244/http://www.einoellen.de/de/geschichte_02.htm |date=2005-04-05 }}</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf|title=Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district}}</ref>
* [[Protestantism|Protestant]] parish church, Schulstraße 10 – small [[aisleless church]], 1430, remodelling 1729; Stumm [[organ (music)|organ]] from 1812/1813

===Music===
Einöllen lies in the so-called ''[[Musikantenland]]'' (“Minstrels’ Land”) in the northeast part of the Kusel district. The profession ''Musikant'', perhaps better described as ''Wandermusikant'' (“travelling minstrel” or “travelling musician”), might have arisen about 1830. A certain predisposition for [[music]], but perhaps more significantly a dearth of other job opportunities, might have led to the birth of this endeavour, locally described as ''Wandermusikantentum''. Registered in Einöllen for 1903 were 46 professional musicians. With their master, the young people – some only 14 years old – travelled in a group to Germany's cities, and also abroad to [[England]], [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], the [[United States]] and even [[Australia]]. To pay for the voyages, they gave concerts aboard the steamships on which they travelled. With the money that they earned, they could buy fields back in their homeland or even build houses, which they would then adorn with a [[lyre]], the musician's hallmark. In 1955, the 75-year-old former ''Wandermusikant'' Heinrich Engel came back to visit his home village. He had travelled with an orchestra to Australia in 1895, and had then settled in [[New Zealand]]. As of April 2014, his youngest daughter is still alive and resides in Auckland, New Zealand. He gave the house that he had built there his birthplace's name. (See the [[Hinzweiler]] article – sections ''[[Hinzweiler#History|History]]'' and ''[[Hinzweiler#Famous people|Famous people]]'' – for more about the West Palatine ''Wandermusikantentum'').<ref name="auto"/>

===Regular events===
The [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerwe'') is held on the second weekend in October. On Sunday afternoon, the village youth carry a tree decorated with colourful streamers, the ''Kerwestrauß'' (“kermis bouquet”) through the village. This is then fixed onto an inn, and then comes the ''Kerwepredigt'' (“kermis sermon”), in which the ''Kerwepfarrer'' (“kermis pastor”) reads out a rhyming, humorous account of the year's happenings. The kermis ends late Tuesday evening with the traditional burning of a straw doll, the so-called ''Kerwelotte''. On 1 May, there is a [[May Day]] celebration (''Maifeier'') complete with the raising of a [[Maypole]]. Every other year, the local clubs and the political establishment stage a village festival. Each summer, the ''Pfälzerwaldverein'' (a [[hiking]] club) holds its forest festival (''Waldfest'') at its own forest clubhouse in the Strieth (wood).<ref name="auto"/>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Until 1960, Einöllen was well supplied with shops serving daily needs. Found in the village in those days were four [[grocer]]’s shops, two [[hairdresser]]’s shops, two [[Locksmithing|locksmiths]], two [[blacksmith]]s, two [[House painter and decorator|painting]] businesses, two [[butcher]]’s shops, two [[baker]]s, two [[tailor]]s, two [[Shoemaking|shoemakers]], one [[Wainwright (occupation)|wainwright]] and two [[inn]]s. The two inns are still in business, and alongside them are a [[Construction|building]] company, a [[woodworking]] company that makes [[furniture]], a [[window]] construction company, a bakery and a [[plant nursery]]. In the 18th and 19th centuries, there were [[limestone]] and [[coal]] mines in Einöllen. The ''Drostengrube'' near the Strieth woods yielded more than 500 t of [[Bituminous coal|black coal]] in 1781. According to the local lore, one gallery dating from this time reaches right under the village's built-up area. Until after the [[Second World War]], Einöllen was strongly characterized by [[agriculture]]. Almost every family owned [[Cereal|grain]] or [[potato]] fields, [[orchard]]s and [[vegetable]] gardens. In 1940, Einöllen had 71 [[Agriculture|agricultural]] operations, more than half of which, 44, worked an area of between 2 and 10 ha, while two bigger ones worked areas of more than 20 ha. There were seven hereditary farms, of which six were of less than 20 ha and one more. Making up the agricultural lands were 346 ha of cropland, 217 ha of grain fields, 3 ha of [[gardening]] and fruitgrowing lands, 124 ha of meadowland, 1 ha of vineyard and 86 ha of forest. The farms Heinzweiler, Harstholz, Hobstätten and Kinzenäcker have not been mentioned as homesteads since the 17th century; their names, however, persist as cadastral toponyms for farm fields. Since 1960, three agricultural operations have established themselves outside the village's built-up area on the other side of the Sulzbach, one of which lies right near the former Hobstätten farm mentioned above. The strip fields Kinzenacker, Hebenacker, Krippes, Wetterhembusch, Dörrstück and Zwerchgräben never were of any great quality for farming. The fields with the greatest yields were Auf dem Grund, Layenacker, Dellweidchen and Rudershöll. Nowadays, only one professional farmer is to be found in Einöllen, and two of the three farmers who have moved out of the village are already seeking their livelihoods in other fields of endeavour. Many buildings formerly designed and planned for agriculture have been “modernized” into contemporary dwellings. About 1900, agriculture and crafts offered only a few people a fair livelihood. Anyone who wanted to earn a lot of money had to work in the [[Ruhr area]] or the [[Saarland]]. Nowadays, only a few people living in Einöllen actually work here. The foremost destination for women who [[Commuting|commute]] is the firm Braun, a maker of elastic [[bandage]]s in [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], whereas men mainly commute to jobs in [[Kaiserslautern]] and [[Kusel]], or even as far as [[Ludwigshafen]].<ref name="auto"/>

===Education===
One of the first teachers in Einöllen was Johann Nicolaus Frenger, who was born in [[Heiligenmoschel]]. From 1747 to 1758, he taught here, followed by his son Christian, who in turn was followed by Christian's nephew Johann Jakob Frenger. About the turn of the 20th century, levels 1 to 7 were all being taught in one room – now the municipal centre – by a teacher named Bühler. Once a small school for levels 1 to 4 was built (today the [[kindergarten]]), about 1900, there was more room, improving the situation. Mr. Kleindienst taught here, while Mr. Matthias took care of the “big” school. Since 1968, [[primary school]] pupils have been attending classes at the primary school in Wolfstein, while older students have been going to the [[Hauptschule]], likewise in Wolfstein, the [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] in [[Lauterecken]] or others in [[Kaiserslautern]]. The kindergarten is attended by children from Einöllen and [[Relsberg]].<ref name="auto"/>

===Transport===
To the west runs ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270. Serving [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]] is a [[railway station]] on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]''.

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
Dr. [[Hermann Gauch]] (b. 1899 in Einöllen; d. 1978 in Kaiserslautern, buried in Einöllen), [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] ''[[Untersturmführer]]'', [[Nazi Party|Nazi]] race theorist and [[Holocaust denial|Holocaust denier]] – Gauch graduated as a medical doctor in 1924, and became a specialist in [[internal medicine]], a chief field doctor and in 1930, head of the [[North Sea]] hygiene-bacteriological research post and ship's doctor aboard the [[Reichsmarine]] survey ship ''Meteor''. In 1934, he received a teaching post at the ''[[Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule Berlin]]'' ([[Agricultural University of Berlin]]) and then moved as a [[Nazi Germany|''Reich'']] office and staff leader for tradition and history to the ''Reichshandwerker- und Nährstand''. He was responsible for [[folklore]], [[Blood type|blood group]] research, [[psycholinguistics]], [[genetics]], [[protohistory]] and [[genealogy]]. Gauch published books and many articles, among which were:

*''Odal- oder Allodverfassung '', 2nd edition, 1934
*''Kalender und Brauchtum'', 1939
*''Die Entstehung unserer Sprache und Schrift'', 1970
*''Die Gestalten der Heldensage als geschichtliche Persönlichkeiten'' 1971<ref name="auto"/>

Gauch's views on race were extreme, even for [[Nazi Germany]], and at times actually caused [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler's]] régime embarrassment. Although Gauch was cleared of any responsibility for the Nazis’ war crimes, his name was brought up at [[Adolf Eichmann]]’s trial as one who was said to have provided ideological justification for [[the Holocaust]] by writing that “non-Nordics” were “sub-human”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-006-007-008-01.html|title=The Trial of Adolf Eichmann, Sessions 6-7-8, Nizkor Project.|access-date=2012-12-13|archive-date=2011-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717103926/http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-006-007-008-01.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gauch clung to his Nazi beliefs all his life.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718233327/http://www.einoellen.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}
* [https://archive.today/20130212103206/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/einoellen.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Ein%C3%B6llen Einöllen in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Einollen}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]
[[Category:Palatinate (region)]]

Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate

2024-12-20T05:51:03Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-cronenberg.jpg → File:DEU Cronenberg (Lauterecken) COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|name = Cronenberg
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Cronenberg (Lauterecken) COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|39|07|N|7|37|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Cronenberg in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 250
|area = 2.65
|postal_code = 67744
|area_code = 06382
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 013
|mayor = Hannelore Eckel<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Cronenberg''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in the [[North Palatine Uplands]] in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] on a raised flat-topped ridge between the Sulzbach and Odenbach valleys, at a steep slope dropping off into the Sulzbach valley. Cronenberg lies east of [[Lauterecken]] at an elevation of some 280 m above [[sea level]]. The Sulzbach itself rises near [[Hohenöllen]] and near [[Medard]] it empties into the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. The gentle elevations around the village reach up to some 300 m above sea level. The municipal area measures 265 ha, of which roughly 2.5 ha is settled and 80 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Cronenberg borders in the northeast on the municipalities of [[Adenbach]] and [[Odenbach]], in the east on the municipality of [[Ginsweiler]], in the south on the municipality of [[Hohenöllen]], in the west on the town of [[Lauterecken]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Medard]].

===Municipality’s layout===
Cronenberg has a relatively tightly packed core, but with looser building development on the western and southern outskirts. The graveyard lies to the north of the village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
In neither the countryside within municipal limits nor in the village itself have any [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds come to light. Nonetheless, it is known that mankind was in the Cronenberg area in prehistoric times from the many finds that have been unearthed elsewhere, in neighbouring villages. Discovered long ago in the rural area known as Röhlingstränk south of the village were two columns of a former [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] building, one of which is still in existence and today stands in the yard at an agricultural estate.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Cronenberg lay originally in the free [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''Reichsland''), out of which various areas were carved so that [[Franks|Frankish]] kings could donate them to ecclesiastical lords. In Cronenberg's case, the village belonged to a landhold held by the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]] around the estate of Medard. Descendants of the Counts of the [[Nahegau]] founded the [[County of Veldenz]] in 1127, to which this estate of Medard also belonged as a ''[[Vogt]]ei''. Cronenberg was therefore mentioned many times in the Counts’ documents, and the village was also a seat of nobles who were in the Counts’ service. In 1358, Cronenberg had its first documentary mention in one such document, sealed as it was by Walter von Cronenberg. The document itself dealt with the assessment of lands in [[Berkersheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Berkersheim]], which is nowadays a constituent community of [[Frankfurt]], which Count Georg I of Veldenz had given lesser nobles. Cropping up in other Veldenz documents were the knights Frank von Cronenberg (1361 and 1369), Johann von Cronenberg (1387), Folkenant von Cronenberg (1393) and a younger Walter (1411). In 1444, the original County of Veldenz was brought to an end by the last count's death – he had no male heir – and it thereby passed to his son-in-law [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken]], creating the new [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]], which in time came to be regarded as a duchy. Cronenberg remained part of this state until the traditional [[Feudalism|feudal]] order was swept away in the wake of the [[French Revolution]] in the late 18th century.

In the newer regional history it is disputed whether the 1358 document, which refers to what is today a suburb of Frankfurt am Main, really does refer to Cronenberg, rather than perhaps the town of [[Kronberg im Taunus]]. The confusion would have to involve other documents, too, that the historian Pöhlmann ascribes to Cronenberg. It is, though, not altogether clear to what extent the Counts of Veldenz issued documents dealing with places that, after all, lay well beyond their territory (Frankfurt lies almost 90 km away from Cronenberg).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
[[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]], introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] as early as 1537. The 17th century was marked to a great degree by war, namely the [[Thirty Years' War]] and [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest. Even worse than these to this rather remote village, however, were the [[famine]] and sicknesses that struck it. Generally, an unimaginable demoralization took hold of the people. Population figures swiftly sank, but rose again in the latter half of the 17th century. There were no territorial changes until the outbreak of the [[French Revolution]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]], and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were [[Annexation|annexed]] by [[France]]. The old territorial boundaries were thus swept away. The new administrative boundaries that were drawn put Cronenberg in the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Lauterecken, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Lauterecken, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). After the victories scored by the united [[Prussia]]n, [[Russian Empire|Russian]] and [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian]] troops over [[Napoleon]], [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|Blücher]] managed to cross the Rhine on New Year's Night 1814, and the French withdrew from the annexed German lands on the left bank. Cronenberg passed in 1816 to the ''bayerischer Rheinkreis'' (“Bavarian Rhine District”), a new [[exclave]] awarded to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] by the [[Congress of Vienna]]. The village then belonged to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Lauterecken in the canton of the same name and the ''Landkommissariat'' of Kusel.

In the early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) was quite popular in Cronenberg. In the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], 42.9% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 97.1%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. Once the [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] had been founded after the [[Second World War]] and the Palatinate had been split away from Bavaria, the broader territorial arrangements did not change at first. Only with administrative restructuring in 1968 did Cronenberg pass as an ''Ortsgemeinde'' to the newly founded [[Lauterecken (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken]], with effect from 1972.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
The village of Cronenberg has remained rurally structured to this day. The greater part of the population worked until the [[Second World War]] in [[agriculture]]. Today, most members of the workforce earn their livelihoods outside the village, and thus the village presents itself as a rural residential community.

Cronenberg during the [[Middle Ages]] was likely made up of only one great feudal estate with a few farmers and their workers. During the 19th century, the population rose markedly until by the end of that century, the village had more than 300 inhabitants. In the years leading up to the Second World War, though, the population figure shrank, only to rise again somewhat, temporarily, with the arrival of [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|ethnic Germans driven out of Germany’s former eastern territories]]. The great drop to a figure of 164 is, of course, not promising, and can be attributed to the village’s unfavourable transport links.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Cronenberg, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Cronenberg’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1736 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1999
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 12 families || 190 || 240 || 304 || 298 || 253 || 279 || 193
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||   || 9 ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   ||   || 187 ||   ||   ||   || 270 ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The mountaintop Cronenberg is a relatively late founding whose placename prefix was originally ''Kranich''. Although the modern meaning for this word in [[German language|German]] is “[[crane (bird)|crane]]”, the context is likelier to make the meaning here “crown”, for Cronenberg “crowns” a mountain (''Berg'' in German). Whatever the original meaning was, the name now has the prefix ''Cronen—'', which does actually resemble the modern German word for “crown”, namely ''Krone''. It is unknown whether Cronenberg began as a settlement near a small [[castle]], but this cannot be ruled out. The name first appeared in a 1388 document (Walter von Cronenberg) and hardly changed at all through all the other instances in old documents.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
A writer named Häberle named a place in connection with Cronenberg, called Leckenberg, about which nothing further is known.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
From the [[Early Middle Ages]], Cronenberg belonged to the Glan [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] chapter. After [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]], introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] into the Duchy about 1537, all the villagers [[Forced conversion|had to]] [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Martin Luther]]’s teachings. Likewise, in 1586, at the Duke’s behest, there was a further conversion, this time to [[John Calvin]]’s teachings. Only after the [[Thirty Years' War]] were the people allowed to embrace [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] or [[Lutheranism]] once again, if [[Calvinism]] did not suit them. Of the 12 families in Cronenberg in 1736, six were [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] and six were Lutheran. Later, in 1818, these two denominations merged in the so-called Palatine Protestant Union. Of the 190 inhabitants in Cronenberg in 1825, there were 187 [[Protestantism|Protestants]] and only 3 Catholics. The [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] inhabitants traditionally belong to the parish of Odenbach, while the Catholics are tended by the parish of Lauterecken. In 1972, a room was set up in the old schoolhouse for Evangelical worship.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360401300.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Cronenberg’s mayor is Hannelore Eckel.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality’s [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Argent issuant from base a mount of three vert, issuant from dexter base a bishop’s staff bendwise sinister azure, in dexter chief a crown of the same set with jewels Or and lined gules.

The bishop’s staff stands for the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]], which was a major landholder in the region. The [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s are drawn from those borne by the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], who were the local lords for a lengthy period. The other two [[charge (heraldry)|charge]]s are [[Canting arms|canting]] for the municipality’s name, Cronenberg. “Crown” is ''Krone'' in [[German language|German]] and “mountain” is ''Berg''. The latter is actually a charge known in [[German heraldry]] as a ''Dreiberg''.

The arms have been borne since 13 February 1980 when they were approved by the now defunct ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Cronenberg_(Pfalz) Description and explanation of Cronenberg’s arms]</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Description and explanation of Cronenberg’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Friedhofstraße 5 – former [[school]]; plastered building with [[ridge turret]], [[Rundbogenstil]], about 1840, architect possibly Johann Schmeisser, [[Kusel]]
* Friedhofstraße 7 – small estate complex, possibly from the 18th century; house, partly [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], stable-barn; staircase built on, 1870
* Near Hauptstraße 15 – [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] column, [[sandstone]]

===Regular events===
Cronenberg holds its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) on the third weekend in July.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Regular events]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Until the 1960s, Cronenberg was a community characterized purely by [[agriculture]]. There are still three fulltime agricultural operations even now, one of which successfully practises [[direct marketing]]. The greater part of the population, though, are employed outside the municipality and [[Commuting|commute]] daily – some up to 100 km – to their jobs. A master cabinetmaker with company offices in [[Medard]] and one metalworker have gone into business for themselves.

As early as the 18th century, a mine was in operation for a while within Cronenberg’s limits. During the 19th century, [[coal]] was mined at two collieries (''Nikolausgrube'' and ''Philippsgrube'') with three galleries. Even after the [[First World War]], these pits were opened once again, albeit not for long.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
In the course of the 18th century, schooling in Cronenberg only ever took the form of winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community’s practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare). It is unknown when the first winter school opened, although records hold that by 1736, it had been open “for a number of years”. Teacher turnover at the winter schools was neverending, and classes sometimes did not last very long. Indeed, there was one year in which classes lasted only four weeks because the teacher had to teach in other villages as well. The winter teacher Metgier, who was very poor and never even had a pair of shoes to his name, and who had suffered the indignity of being driven out of the village of [[Breitenheim]], came in 1735 to Cronenberg. From the ecclesiastical estate administration he received, at first, [[alms]], but then he was to be given as remuneration for each winter 2 ''Gulden'' and 1 or 2 ''Malter'' of grain. The municipality, though, would only pay in kind. Eventually a grant came from the [[Disibodenberg]] Monastery's treasury. In 1748, the villagers built their first schoolhouse, and also applied to the monastery for monies to maintain a school. For a time, Cronenberg was indeed described within the parish of Odenbach as the place with a permanent winter school. Names are known for the following winter teachers in the latter half of the 18th century: Peter Glück (1750), Adam Wißbügler (1757), Peter Mohr from [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]] (1758), Joh. Philipp Stolz from [[Ginsweiler]] (1763), Joh. Hunsinger (about 1765), Peter Demmel from Roth (1785), Georg Paulus (1792). Demmel was described as a “particularly fine person”, because he stayed in the village for several years. There were also complaints, however, about the common incidence of [[truancy]], foremost among whose causes was the practice among some poorer families of sending their children out to [[Begging|beg]]. A second schoolhouse was built about 1840. After the local school was dissolved about 1970, a room was set up in the schoolhouse in 1972 for [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] church services, for the Evangelicals had no church of their own. Today, [[primary school]] pupils and [[Hauptschule]] students attend their respective schools in [[Lauterecken]]. Nearby [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] are to be found in Lauterecken and [[Meisenheim]]. The nearest [[university]] town is [[Kaiserslautern]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Cronenberg lies on ''Kreisstraße'' (District Road) 40, which between Ginsweiler (Odenbach valley) and the Sulzbach valley links ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 382 with ''Kreisstraße'' 39. The [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s are all rather far away ([[Kaiserslautern]] 30 km, [[Kusel]] 40 km, [[Wörrstadt]] 45 km). To the northwest runs ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420. Serving [[Lauterecken]], 4 km away, is a [[railway station]] on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7673 Transport]</ref>

==Clubs==
* SG Ginsweiler/Cronenberg (sport club)
* ''Landfrauenverein'' (Countrywomen's club)
* Shooting club
* [[Fire brigade]] promotional association

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Cronenberg (near Lauterecken)|Cronenberg}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130305074417/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Cronenberg/ Cronenberg in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2352542/x650fb/ Brief portrait of Cronenberg with film] at [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Aschbach, Rhineland-Palatinate

2024-12-19T04:41:44Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen aschbach kusel.jpg → File:DEU Aschbach COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|name = Aschbach
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Aschbach COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|36|1|N|7|34|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aschbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 270
|area = 4.46
|postal_code = 67753
|area_code = 06304
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 005
|mayor = Birgit Wamsbach<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Aschbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʃbax}}) is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies on the north side of the Königsberg, a mountain in the [[North Palatine Uplands]], in the narrow valley of the like-named brook, the Aschbach, some 260 m above [[sea level]]. The Aschbach rises on the north slope of the Hahnenkopf, a lesser peak in the Königsberg group, and flows northnorthwestwards towards the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. The elevations around the village reach more than 500 m above sea level in the Königsberg area, but otherwise between 300 and 400 m above sea level elsewhere. These are some selected local peaks:
*Hahnenkopf 535 m
*Leienberg 524 m
*Steinchen 435 m
*Rodlingsberg 315 m

The municipal area measures 446 ha, of which 18 ha is settled and 80 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Aschbach borders in the north on the municipality of [[Offenbach-Hundheim]], in the east on the town of [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], in the south on the municipality of [[Eßweiler]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Oberweiler im Tal]], in the west on the municipality of [[Hinzweiler]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Nerzweiler]]. Aschbach also meets the municipalities of [[Lohnweiler]] and [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] at single points in the northeast and southeast respectively.

===Municipality’s layout===
The village lies mainly as a street village – by some definitions, a thorpe – along ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 368, which links the Eßweiler Tal (dale) with the [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] valley and crosses the Aschbach valley. Branching from this thoroughfare are several streets, mostly southwards. The oldest part of the built-up area can be found in the area at the bridge across the Aschbach. Most of the buildings come from the 19th century and the earlier half of the 20th century. Newer building characterizes the village's west end, especially. The first schoolhouse (Hauptstraße 5) was built in 1789, while a further one with two classrooms was built at the turn of the 20th century. The graveyard lies on a sidestreet in the village's east.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
The [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds from the Aschbach area are among the most important in the Kusel district. As early as 1884 to 1886, Regional Engineer Göring from [[Kaiserslautern]] had three [[Tumulus|barrows]] opened up. Many objects of worship and everyday use were unearthed, four neckrings, about 15 armrings, six footrings, several rings, many [[bronze]] pieces, urn shards and [[flint]] arrowheads. An exact itemization of the finds was compiled long ago by Fritz Kleinschmidt. The barrows dated from the [[Bronze Age]], about 1500 BC. Also unearthed by archaeologists was an ironworks next to the path between the hiking car park and Kreuzfeld, south of the former [[baryte]] quarry. Other finds from early historical times, namely from [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, came to light between Aschbach and Nerzweiler, with what was supposedly the foundations of a [[Thermae|Roman bath]] with six rooms.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Aschbach shares a great deal of its [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] history with all other villages in the Eßweiler Tal (dale), for in many ways, they together form a unit. Besides Aschbach itself, these were [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Hundheim (Neuenglan)]], [[Glanbrücken|Hachenbach]], [[Hinzweiler]], [[Nerzweiler]], [[Horschbach]], [[Oberweiler im Tal|Oberweiler]], [[Elzweiler]], [[Eßweiler]] and the now vanished villages of Letzweiler, Niederaschbach, Nörweiler, Mittelhofen, Zeizelbach, Füllhof, Neideck and Lanzweiler. It is certain that these villages lay within the Free [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain around the Royal [[Castle]] Lautern. In the 9th century, likely not long before 870, the noble lord Hererich was enfeoffed with the Eßweiler Tal and shortly before his death, he bequeathed it to [[Prüm Abbey]]. The ecclesiastical hub of this area was at first the ''Hirsauer Kirche'', a church near Hundheim, which at this time still bore the name ''Glena'' or ''Glan'', or possibly ''Neuenglan'' (''Nieuwen Glena''), in contrast to [[Altenglan]] (''Gleni''). This ''Glena'' became the seat of a ''Hund'', which, despite the word's meaning in [[German language|Modern High German]] (“dog”), was actually an official with an administrative function over the whole dale for the actual owners. Thus, the administrative seat of Glan at the place where the brook emptied into the river Glan now acquired the name Hundheim.

In 1150, the ''[[Edelfrei]]er'' Reinfried founded the Offenbach Monastery together with a kinswoman named Mathilde. The founders transferred the small monastery at Offenbach together with the holdings that they had bequeathed to it to Saint Vincent's Abbey in [[Metz]]. Among these holdings was one owned by Reinfried in Aschbach, explaining why the village, along with others, was named in the founding document. From a document made out about 1200, the reader gathers that Emmerich von Löwenstein received from the Counts of Zweibrücken as a fief for service rendered one third of the [[tithe]]s at Aschbach. In 1377, two inhabitants of ''Ober Aspach'', among many other guarantors, vouched for the nobleman Gerhard von Lauterecken, who swore an oath of loyalty to the [[County of Veldenz|Count of Veldenz]] together with his wife and sons Henne and Heinzmann on pain of having to pay one thousand ''Gulden'' if the oath were ever broken. The two men in question were Dyle Baltzen's son Godel and a man named Gerhard.

Even before 1222, Prüm Abbey lost its holdings in the Glan valley, although the circumstances under which this happened are unknown. After this time, the only feudal lords named are the fourteen who exercised special rights in the Eßweiler Tal and who were entitled to draw a share of the tithes, namely:
# [[Junker]] Mühlenstein von Grumbach as the Rhinegraves’ [[vassal]];
# The [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]];
# Offenbach Monastery;
# Remigiusberg Monastery;
# [[Tholey Abbey]];
# Enkenbach Convent;
# The [[Herren-Sulzbach|Sulzbach]] [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Knights of Saint John]] [[Commandry (feudalism)|Commandry]];
# The Church of [[Zweibrücken]];
# The Church of [[Sankt Julian]];
# The Church of [[Hinzweiler]];
# The ''Stangenjunker'' of [[Lauterecken]];
# The family Blick von Lichtenberg;
# The Lords of Mauchenheim;
# The Lords of Mickelheim.

Obviously the feudal lords kept different administrative seats. The [[Waldgrave]]s and Rhinegraves of Kyrburg,<ref>[http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/aschbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Aschbach Aschbach’s history] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714232920/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/aschbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Aschbach |date=July 14, 2014 }}</ref> as holders of [[Blood court|high jurisdiction]], were overlords to the Lords of Mühlenstein (later Cratz von Scharfenstein) at the ''Hirsauer Kirche'' and at the Springeburg ([[castle]]). The [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], as lords of the dale's “poor people” (as of 1444 the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken]]), chose Nerzweiler as their seat. Nerzweiler was always named in documents between 1350 and 1446 as the seat of the Nerzweiler ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]''. Indeed, in the 14th century, as witnessed by a 1393 Veldenz letter of bestowal, the two villages of Oberaschbach and Unteraschbach belonged to this ''Amt'' of Nerzweiler.<ref>[http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/aschbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Aschbach Aschbach’s history] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714232920/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/aschbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Aschbach |date=July 14, 2014 }}</ref> Count Friedrich III of Veldenz bequeathed the ''Amt'' to his wife, Margarethe von Nassau-Saarbrücken, to provide for her in case of [[widow]]hood (an arrangement called a ''[[Wittum]]''). After 1446, Hundheim appeared once again as the only administrative seat. Hinzweiler acquired its own church in 1451 and thereby took over from Hirsau as the Eßweiler Tal parish's ecclesiastical hub. Having a great number of feudal lords obviously led to greater freedoms than in other regions, where unified power and governmental structures prevailed. Questions of law were governed in the Eßweiler Tal by a series of ''Weistümer'' (singular: ''Weistum''; [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'', this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times) that were already in force in the Middle Ages, although only in the early 16th century were they put into writing. These have been preserved down to the present day and are now held to be prime examples of mediaeval jurisprudence.

Aschbach was a relatively rich village in the [[Late Middle Ages]]. In 1477, twelve families had to pay both the May tax (''Maibede'') and the autumn tax (''Herbstbede''). That was almost every family living in the village. By way of comparison, in the then somewhat smaller village of Nerzweiler, only two families paid taxes.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1526, the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was introduced into the Eßweiler Tal. In the course of the 16th century, the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]] raged in the dale, and the villages were depopulated. In Aschbach itself, apparently only 12 people survived the [[epidemic]]. With regard to manorial relations, there was a change due to this situation in 1595 that saw [[Blood court|high jurisdiction]], hitherto held by the [[Waldgrave]]s and Rhinegraves for some 250 years, transferred to the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken]]. In return for this, Count Palatine Johannes I of Zweibrücken let the Rhinegraves have the village of Kirchenbollenbach near (and now a constituent community of) [[Idar-Oberstein]]. High jurisdiction and lordly rule over the “poor people” were thereby in one lordship's hands, although the other feudal lords still had the same rights to their shares of the tithes in the various villages as before. In 1614, Count Palatine (Duke) Johannes II of Zweibrücken traded his [[Serfdom|serfs]] in [[Teschenmoschel]] for Baron Johann Gottfried von Sickingen's serfs in [[Schallodenbach]] and the Eßweiler Tal. Aschbach also suffered in the [[Thirty Years' War]]. While only the odd person survived this war in other villages, Aschbach already once again had 11 families in 1675 (27 years after the war ended). It may be assumed that losses were less heavy here than they were farther up the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] valley. There may indeed have been newcomers among those 11 families who had come to settle. A new, fundamental change in the territorial arrangement came to pass in 1755. It was then that Duke Christian IV transferred the Offenbach Monastery, along with the villages of Aschbach, Hundheim, Nerzweiler, Hinzweiler and Oberweiler, and the ''Hirsauer Kirche'', to the Rhinegraves of Grumbach, who had exercised high jurisdiction in these villages until 1595. The actual count at this time was Rhinegrave Karl Walram von Grumbach.<ref>[http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/aschbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Aschbach Aschbach’s history] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714232920/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/aschbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Aschbach |date=July 14, 2014 }}</ref> Aschbach thereby remained under Rhinegravial rule until the old [[Feudalism|feudal]] order was swept away in the events of the [[French Revolution]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
In French Revolutionary and [[Napoleon]]ic times, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were [[Annexation|annexed]] by [[France]], which brought about the abolition of all hitherto existing borders and the founding of new French [[Departments of France|departments]]. Roughly, the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] formed the boundary between the Departments of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]] and [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). Aschbach was grouped, along with the villages of Nerzweiler, Hinzweiler, Hachenbach and Gumbsweiler, into the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Hundheim. After Napoleon's defeat at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]] in 1815, a new entity came into being under the terms of the [[Congress of Vienna]] after a transition period. It was the Bavarian ''Rheinkreis'', a new [[exclave]] in the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] ruled by the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]; it later came to be called the ''bayerische Rheinpfalz'' (“Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate”). Aschbach now belonged to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Hundheim in the Canton (District) of Lauterecken and in the ''Landkommissariat'' (later ''Bezirksamt'', and later still ''Landkreis'', or district) of Kusel. Further changes came with the 1968 regional and administrative reform in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Since 1971, the ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' of Aschbach has belonged within the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] to the [[Wolfstein (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Wolfstein]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
Aschbach was quite a small village throughout the [[Middle Ages]], but had broad and fertile fields, which meant that the inhabitants had to pay more in taxes than those in neighbouring villages of comparable size. Nevertheless, the village's livelihood was threatened, foremost by [[epidemic]]s, but also by wars. Neighbouring Niederaschbach's destruction by marauding soldiers of the [[Count of Armagnac]] proves that the [[Thirty Years' War]] was not the only war that could burn whole villages down and utterly lay them waste. The village's people earned their livelihood mainly from [[agriculture]], although those who wished could seek work at one of the many [[coal]], [[Mercury (element)|quicksilver]], [[baryte]] and [[chalk]] mines both right nearby and a bit farther afield. Right near Aschbach itself were a baryte pit and a chalk quarry. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, some of the village's inhabitants travelled the world as ''Wandermusikanten'', performing music in many different countries. In 1909, there were 73 of these ''Wandermusikanten'' in Aschbach. Among the most famous was Rudolf Mersy, who was known as the ''Aschbacher Mozart'' (for more information, see the [[West Palatine travelling music tradition]]'' (''Musikantentum'') and the two relevant sections of the [[Hinzweiler]] article).

Living in Aschbach in 1609 were 85 persons in 17 families. In a 1743 statistical work, of 19 “family fathers” – household heads – 17 were said to be free subjects and 2 were ''Hintersassen'' (roughly, “dependent peasants”). Among those working in handicrafts, who only worked the land as a secondary occupation, were one [[Shoemaking|shoemaker]], two [[linen]] [[Weaving|weavers]], one [[tailor]] and one [[bricklayer]]. Essentially, this vocational structure held true well into the 20th century. Most of the inhabitants nowadays must earn a living outside the village. In the late 18th century, [[Jew]]s settled in Aschbach. In 1825 there were 29 Jews among the village's 314 inhabitants. The population figure rose quite swiftly beginning in the mid 18th century, reaching a peak of 452 in the latter half of the 19th century. The subsequent drop lasting until the turn of the century was due mainly to [[emigration]]. There was an upswing again lasting until the [[First World War]], but ever since, the population has been gradually shrinking, a trend that seems likely to continue into the future. Coming along with this drop in population has been definite growth in the numbers of elderly villagers.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Aschbach:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Aschbach’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1609 || 1675 || 1745 || 1825 || 1835 || 1850 || 1867 || 1875 || 1885 || 1900 || 1910 || 1939 || 1999 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 85 || 60 || 101 || 314 || 378 || 417 || 452 || 404 || 380 || 415 || 407 || 390 || 375 || 355
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The first syllable of the name Aschbach, according to researchers Dolch and Greule, comes from the [[Old High German]] word ''Ask'', meaning (and cognate with the [[English language|English]] word) “[[Fraxinus|ash]]” (the [[Old English]] cognate was ''æsc''<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ash “Ash” according to Etymonline]</ref>), or perhaps from the word ''Aspa'', meaning “[[Populus tremula|(quaking) aspen]]” (this is also cognate with its English counterpart; in Old English it was ''æspe''<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=aspen “Aspen” according to Etymonline]</ref>). Whatever the first syllable's origin might have been, the second syllable is the common German placename ending ''—bach'', which means “brook”. According to this theory, the name Aschbach could mean “place near the ashes/aspens”. The village might have arisen in the 8th or 9th century. As early as 1150, the village's name appeared as ''Hasbach'' in the Offenbach Monastery's foundation document. Further mentions of the name rendered it Asbach (about 1250), Oberasbach (1377) or Haspach (1594). The current form, Aschbach, only appeared in the 19th century.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
The former village of Niederaschbach, which was always named in old documents as one of the Eßweiler Tal villages, lay northwest of today's village of Aschbach, which itself was once known as Oberaschbach (''Ober—'' and ''Nieder—'' are cognate with English “over” and “nether”, and mean “upper” and “lower”, respectively). Johannes Hofmann had this to say about Niederaschbach in 1595 (the village had already been forsaken by that time): “In this Aschbach Ground, a rifle shot from the Glan, lay the village of Niederaschbach, of which only old walls are now to be seen. Was a great village, which, as the old people say, was made to suffer a war and a fire by the old ''Gerken'', or Armagnacs as they call themselves.” The Armagnacs were a cohort of [[Mercenary|mercenaries]] under the French [[Count of Armagnac]] [[Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac|Bernard VII]], who in the early 15th century waged a [[Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War|war]] against the [[Dukes of Burgundy|Duke of Burgundy]], [[John the Fearless]], and later [[Philip the Good]]. After the war, the troops marauded their way to the [[Rhine]]. They were beaten in 1444 in a battle near [[Basel]] by a [[Switzerland|Swiss]] army, suffering great losses in the process. Thus, it is assumed that Niederaschbach (in 1393 called Nieder Aspach) was utterly destroyed a few years before that battle.

Within what are now Aschbach's municipal limits were once two other villages, Nörweiler and Mittelhofen. Both lay northeast of today's village of Aschbach and were likewise both mentioned in Johannes Hofmann's 1595 description of the Eßweiler Tal. According to that, Mittelhofen lay between Aschbach and Nörweiler. While Nörweiler was mentioned only in Hofmann's writings, Mittelhofen was further mentioned in a 1544 document. Both these villages vanished long before the [[Thirty Years' War]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
Originally, the ''Hirsauer Kirche'', a church near Hundheim (pictured in the [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] article), was the ecclesiastical hub for all the villages in the Eßweiler Tal. After a church was also built in [[Hinzweiler]] in 1451, Hinzweiler bit by bit took over this function. This actually brought about competition between the two churches. As early as 1526, the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] into the church of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Meisenheim, replacing [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] belief with [[Martin Luther]]’s teachings so that bit by bit, church services in the Eßweiler Tal, too, began to be conducted in accordance with the Reformation. The Offenbach Monastery, to which the Hinzweiler church was subject, at first opposed Reformist efforts. In 1555, though, the Rhinegraves of Grumbach, too, introduced the Reformation, and in 1588, the Offenbach Monastery was dissolved.

After the Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken had become the sovereign feudal lords over the Eßweiler Tal in 1595, believers [[Forced conversion|had to]] conform with the current religious developments in the County Palatine, and thus [[Religious conversion|converted]], following the precept of ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]'', to [[John Calvin]]’s [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] teachings. After the [[Thirty Years' War]] had ended, Hinzweiler had managed to make itself “mother church” to the whole dale, a state of affairs unchanged to this day.

Denominationally, Aschbach inhabitants were, in earlier times, overwhelmingly Reformed, that is to say, Calvinist. The Reformed and [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] Churches, however, united in 1819 in the Palatine [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Union. [[Judaism|Jews]] settled in Aschbach in the late 18th century. For a time, their share of the population even reached 10%. In later times, there were only a few Catholic [[Christianity|Christians]] in Aschbach. In the early 19th century, there were roughly five. Even today, their share of the population is not great. In 1961 there were 13 (roughly 5%). To this day, Catholics attend worship at the church in [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Offenbach]].

In 1825, Aschbach had 280 Protestants, 5 Catholics and 29 Jews. In 1961, these figures were 369, 13 and 0 respectively.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360700500.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Aschbach's mayor is Birgit Wamsbach.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''Unter gewelltem blauen Schildhaupt, darin ein nach links gewendetes goldenes Eschenblatt, in Gold ein schreitender blau bewehrter und bezwungener roter Löwe.''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Or a lion rampant gules armed and langued azure, on a chief wavy of the third an ash leaf slipped palewise, the stem to dexter, of the first.<ref>[http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/aschbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Aschbach Description and explanation of Aschbach’s arms] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714232920/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/aschbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Aschbach |date=July 14, 2014 }}</ref>

The main [[charge (heraldry)|charge]], the lion, is a reference to the village's former allegiance to the Rhinegraves of Grumbach. The charge on the [[chief (heraldry)|chief]], the ash leaf on a blue field, is said to refer to the [[Fraxinus|ash]] trees on the brook.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Description and explanation of Aschbach’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Hauptstraße 14 – ''Quereinhaus'' (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), 1798
* Pitzerstraße 1 – barn, [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] building, partly solid, 17th century (?)

===Regular events===
The municipality celebrates its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) on the second weekend in September.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Regular events]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Of the many mines that were run in bygone days in the broader area around the Königsberg and the Herrmannsberg, only two were right near Aschbach, a [[baryte]] pit and a [[chalk]] mine. Otherwise, the most important part of the economy was originally [[agriculture]], besides the area's well known ''Wandermusikantentum'' (see '''Population development''' above). The structure of agricultural operations has changed fundamentally since the [[Second World War]]. Most members of the workforce must nowadays seek a living outside the village. In Aschbach itself, though, can be found a variety of shops. There is also a branch of the ''Volksbank Kaiserslautern'' in Aschbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Economic structure]</ref>

===Transport===
Aschbach lies on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 368, which links [[Hinzweiler]] (on ''Landesstraße'' 273) with the road running through the [[Lauter (Glan)|Lauter]] valley (''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 270), which runs to Aschbach's east. The Kusel and Kaiserslautern [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s each lie some 30 km away. Serving [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein-Reckweilerhof]], about 8 km away, is a [[railway station]] on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Transport]</ref>

===Education===
The educational establishment experienced a general upswing beginning in the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], but this ended with the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Little is known today about the beginnings of school in Aschbach. A record from 1784 tells of a school authority candidate named Ludwig Klein from [[Brenschelbach]] who was running a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare) in Aschbach. Year-round schooling came along only in the earlier half of the 19th century, when Aschbach belonged to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. In 1819, the municipality hired the candidate Ludwig Berger from Wiesbach as schoolteacher. Classes were held in summer and winter at the house at Bachstraße 7. In 1827, the municipality acquired the house at Bachstraße 5, and there had the village's first schoolhouse built, which in 1831 had a belltower added to it. In 1900, a new schoolhouse was built, and for the time being, the bells stayed at the old schoolhouse. In 1942, however, during the [[Second World War]], they were taken away for munitions production. In 1950, the newer schoolhouse (now 50 years old) also got a belltower, leaving it to the municipality to acquire new bells. In 1970, the now defunct ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration had the school closed for good, after a time during which only [[primary school]] pupils had been taught there. The schoolhouse stood empty for a few years before the municipality eventually sold it to a private citizen. Primary school pupils and [[Hauptschule]] students nowadays attend their respective schools in [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]]. The nearest [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] is one in [[Lauterecken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Education]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
Rudolf Mersy (b. 2 October 1867; d. 30 May 1949 in Aschbach) – Folk musician and composer, born in Aschbach, spent his childhood as a travelling musician's son in [[Edinburgh]], beginning in 1885 lived once more in his home village, only to go travelling again later ([[Australia]], [[New Zealand]]). The last decade of his life was spent back in his homeland. Mersy composed more than 600 pieces of music and his contemporaries called him the ''Aschbacher Mozart''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7456 Sons and daughters of the town]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Aschbach (Westpfalz)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714232920/http://www.vg-wolfstein.de/vg-wolfstein/ortsgemeinden/aschbach.php?navanchor=1010016&name=Aschbach Aschbach in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Adenbach

2024-12-18T06:20:54Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen-adenbach.jpg → File:DEU Adenbach COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Adenbach COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|40|13|N|7|38|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Adenbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation = 180
|area = 2.94
|postal_code = 67742
|area_code = 06753
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 001
|mayor = Jürgen Klein<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Adenbach''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Lauterecken-Wolfstein|''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in the Odenbach valley in the [[North Palatine Uplands]] in the Western Palatinate.

The municipal area measures 294 ha, of which 20 ha is wooded and 10 ha is settled.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Adenbach borders in the northwest and north on the municipality of [[Odenbach]], in the east and southeast on the municipality of [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]], in the south on the municipality of [[Ginsweiler]] and in the southwest on the municipality of [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]].

===Constituent communities===
Adenbach's ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' are the main village site, also called Adenbach, and the outlying homesteads of Brühlerhof, Langwiesenhof, Bornweiderhof and Brucherhof.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Constituent communities]</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
On the east side of the north-south thoroughfare, the houses stand cheek by jowl, forming here and on several sidestreets a small clump village. The new building area west of the village centre, though, is marked by looser construction along a street that runs beyond the brook, parallel to the thoroughfare. The ''[[Aussiedlerhöfe]]'' – the farming homesteads mentioned as outlying ''Ortsteile'' above – lie in the south of the municipal area. A new graveyard was established in 1988 on the brook's left bank.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
According to a writer named Wendel (who wrote a village chronicle), a [[Bronze Age]] axe was found within Adenbach's limits as early as the 19th century, although this has since been lost. The local area was therefore already settled in the Bronze Age, as it apparently also was later, in the [[Iron Age]]. During the construction of the ''Aussiedlerhof'' Brühlerhof, a rectangular pit was found with dark earth containing burnt matter, and with [[Cremation|cremated]] remains. [[Grave goods]] included a fragment of a [[bronze]] [[fibula (brooch)|fibula]], an [[iron]] axe with a helve hole, a tureen-shaped [[Potter's wheel|thrown]] vessel, two dishes with curved rims and a heavily damaged dish with a thickened rim.

The [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], too, left behind traces in what is now Adenbach. As early as 1839, a farmer found an 8 cm-tall [[Minerva]] [[statue]]tte, which is now kept at the ''Historisches Museum der Pfalz'' (“Historical Museum of the Palatinate”) in [[Speyer]]. In 1957, remnants of a [[villa rustica]] were found by a farmer when his plough struck the foundation.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Adenbach lay originally in the territory of the Counts of the [[Nahegau]], from whom the new noble family of the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] branched off about 1127. To a great extent, these counts acted as ''[[Vogt|Schutzvögte]]'' – roughly “protectors” – over ecclesiastical holdings, namely those around [[Bad Sobernheim]] and [[Odernheim am Glan]] belonging to the [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]], those around [[Baumholder]] and [[Medard]] belonging to the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]], those around [[Obermoschel]] belonging to the [[Bishopric of Worms]] and the ''Remigiusland'' around [[Kusel]] belonging to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Archbishopric of Reims]]. Adenbach lay within this new County of Veldenz and was later repeatedly wholly or partly granted as a [[fief]] to comital vassals. In 1379, Adenbach had its first documentary mention in a document from the County of Veldenz, in which the knight Mohr von Sötern acknowledged that he had been enfeoffed by his lordship [[Junker]] Friedrich, Count at Veldenz, with holdings in the villages of [[Heinzenhausen]], [[Lohnweiler]], [[Lauterecken]], [[Medard]], Roth, Schwanden (a now vanished village near Medard), [[Sulzbachtal|Obersulzbach, Niedersulzbach]], [[Ginsweiler]], Mannweiler (a now vanished village) and ''Odenbach'' and in the town of [[Meisenheim]]. This was a first documentary mention not only for Adenbach (''Odenbach''), but also for Ginsweiler, Mannweiler and the two Sulzbachs (now Sulzbachtal). Junker Friedrich was Count Friedrich II of the younger line of the Counts of Veldenz. In a similar deposition from 1380, a knight named Gerhard von Alsenz likewise acknowledged receipt of holdings from Count Friedrich II, namely a share of [[Castle]] Odenbach and also “interest” from various villages, among them Adenbach, Mannweiler and Ginsweiler. From a 1415 document comes word that Friedrich III, the last count in the line (he died in 1444 without a male heir), took Syfryd vom Obirnstein (Siegfried von Oberstein) as a vassal. He enfeoffed his new man with many holdings and income rights, even with shares in Castle Odenbach and lands in several villages, among them Adenbach and the now vanished village of Mannweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
The Counts Palatine (Dukes) of [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]] introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] as early as 1537. According to the 1609 Visitation, there were 15 families living in the village. The 17th century was largely marked by wars, such as the [[Thirty Years' War]] and [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest. The somewhat remote villages suffered all the more from hunger and sickness. The grimmest hardships began in 1635. In general, an unimaginable brutalization of morals came over people. From that time comes a report according to which two men from Adenbach, with their wives’ help, beat a man from Odenbach in the countryside and took his livestock from the pasture. In 1645, five [[Sweden|Swedes]] came to Adenbach and stole, with two local men's help, cows, horses and sheep, all of which they took away, never to be seen again, and that after having spent the night in the village and incurred considerable costs. By the time the Thirty Years' War ended, the number of families in the village had shrunk to five. Still available today is a 1629 list of holdings and taxes in Adenbach, which was still owned by the Lords of Oberstein. All that is known from the time of Louis XIV's wars is lists of contributions. In the time that followed, population figures rose quickly, partly as a result of immigration. In the course of the 18th century, though, there was extensive [[emigration]]. That century also saw repeated disputes between Adenbach and neighbouring villages over grazing rights. A comprehensive village régime from 1717, contained in which is a considerably older ''Weistum'' (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times), remained preserved for Adenbach. As in many of the Northern Palatinate's other villages, a [[coal]] mine and a [[chalk]] mine were opened in Adenbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Modern times]</ref> All around the village, remnants of pits may still be found, where coal was once mined.

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and [[Napoleon]]ic times, France had [[Annexation|annexed]] the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank, and all the borders of the now abolished [[Feudalism|feudal]] states had been swept away. Under this new arrangement, Adenbach was a village in the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Becherbach in the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Lauterecken in the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern in the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). After the united [[Prussia]]n, [[Russia]]n and [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] troops had emerged victorious over Napoleon, [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|Blücher]] crossed the Rhine on New Year's Night 1814, and the French withdrew from their annexed German lands. Adenbach passed in 1816 to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] after the [[Congress of Vienna]] had awarded the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] – which was now to be known as the Bavarian ''Rheinkreis'' – to that state. Adenbach thereafter belonged to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Odenbach in the Canton of Lauterecken and the ''Landkommissariat'' of Kusel. At the time of the [[Palatine Uprising]] in 1849, the municipality refused to recruit soldiers or support the freedom movement. A contribution of 40 ''Gulden'', which municipal council eventually approved, did not have to be paid, for the uprising had in the meantime collapsed. When [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] was founded and the Palatinate was split away from Bavaria after the [[Second World War]], existing territorial arrangements were otherwise unchanged at first. Only in the course of administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate in 1968 did Adenbach pass to the then newly founded ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Lauterecken, with effect from 1 January 1972.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
The village remains to this day rurally structured. The greater part of the population worked until the Second World War at [[agriculture]]. Alongside farmers were craftsmen. Agriculture employs very few nowadays. Most members of the workforce seek their livelihoods outside the village. Adenbach is thus a rural residential community. It was in the [[Late Middle Ages]] very small, but had grown by the time of the Thirty Years' War, only to see its population shrink drastically in the wake of that war.. During the 18th and 19th centuries, strong growth once again began, only to fall off once more in the decades following the Second World War. Currently, too, a slight fall in population is noticeable. Already by 1994, some 27% of the population was aged 60 or over.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Adenbach, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Adenbach’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1609 || 1656 || 1764 || 1825 || 1905 || 1939 || 1945 || 1961 || 1999 || 2007 || 2010
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || ~55 || ~20 || 95 || 197 || 225 || 218 || 224 || 191 || 185 || 182 || 174
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   ||   ||   || 61 ||   ||   ||   || 30 ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   ||   ||   || 164 ||   ||   ||   || 151 ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''Other''' ||   ||   ||   || – ||   ||   ||   || 10 ||   ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
Sources yield at least two stories about how Adenbach got its name:
* According to one, the name Adenbach is derived from the name of the brook that flows through the village, the Odenbach, which was once named the Adolfsbach.<ref>[http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/adenbach/index.phtml?referrer=http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/uebersicht/index.phtml Adenbach’s history]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* According to another, the village was originally a very small settlement on the brook, a farm belonging to somebody named “Ado”. The name Adenbach in its current form first cropped up in the 1379 document (first documentary mention) mentioned above, and the following year the name was recorded as ''Adinbach'' and in 1483 as ''Alt-Adenbach''. It was Adenbach once again in 1490.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
In the south of Adenbach's municipal area, most likely near the strip field called Brunnenrech, once lay a village named Mannweiler. By the late 16th century, it was no longer being named in documents and is thought to have vanished even before the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Mannweiler might have been an early [[Franks|Frankish]] founding, possibly described as “Manno’s Hamlet” (according to Dolch and Greule) or “Mannifrit’s Hamlet” (according to Wendel; the placename ending ''—weiler'' is German for “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]”). Mannweiler had its first documentary mention in 1379.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
From the [[Early Middle Ages]], the village belonged to the Glan Chapter and was a branch parish of the church of [[Medard]]. After [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Count Wolfgang]] introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] into the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]] about 1537, all the villagers [[Forced conversion|had to]] [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Martin Luther]]’s beliefs under the old rule of ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]''. Everybody likewise had to convert in 1588 when their overlords decreed that [[John Calvin]]’s beliefs were now the law of the land. Only after the Thirty Years’ War were people once more allowed to practise [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], or indeed [[Lutheranism]], if they so wished. By immigration into the depopulated region and through promotion of Catholicism by the [[France|French]] during King Louis XIV's wars of conquest, the share of the village's population that embraced the Catholic faith grew. Adenbach, however, remained mostly Reformed (that is, [[Calvinism|Calvinist]]). In 1817 came the Palatine [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Union, which united Calvinists and Lutherans. Of the 225 inhabitants in 1825, 164 were Protestant and 61 Roman Catholic, a considerably greater share of the population than they have today. There were 30 Catholics among the 181 villagers in 1964. In 1994, out of 191 inhabitants, 145 claimed to be [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] and 31 Catholic; the remaining 15 claimed no membership in any religious community. The Evangelical [[Christianity|Christians]] belong today to the parish of Odenbach in the deaconry of Lauterecken, while the Catholic Christians belong to the parish of Lauterecken (until 1975, the parish of Reipoltskirchen) in the deaconry of Kusel. Adenbach has never had its own [[church (building)|church]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360400100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Adenbach's mayor is Jürgen Klein, and his deputies are Frank Rittmann and Christian Faust.<ref>[http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/adenbach/index.phtml?referrer=http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/uebersicht/index.phtml Adenbach’s executive]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per bend sinister wavy argent issuant from the line of partition a lion azure armed and langued gules and sable in base an ear of rye and one of wheat couped in base Or and to sinister a coalminer's lamp of the same, the flame proper.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side is the heraldic emblem formerly borne by the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], who were the local rulers in the [[Middle Ages]]. The charges on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side represent the village's coalmining history (the coalminer's lamp) and [[Agriculture|agricultural]] heritage (the ears of grain). The [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s on this side are also historically borne by the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. The wavy line of partition is [[Canting arms|canting]] for the placename ending ''–bach'', a reference to the village's namesake brook (''Bach'' is [[German language|German]] for “brook”).

The arms have been borne since 6 November 1979.<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Adenbach Description and explanation of Adenbach’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Regular events===
Most old customs have fallen by the wayside in Adenbach, and are hardly practised anymore, but there is a yearly [[kermis]] held on the last weekend in August.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Adenbach once had a longstanding singing club, founded in 1847, but dissolved in 1960. A [[cycling]] club called ''All Heil’'' fared even less well, having been founded in 1925 and lasting only about five years. A fruitgrowing club came into being in 1906, but became inactive during the [[First World War]], never to be revived. The only four clubs that still exist today are:
* ''Landfrauenverein Odenbach/Adenbach'' (countrywomen's club)
* ''Pfälzer Bauern- und Winzerschaft'' (Palatine Farmers’ and Winegrowers’ Association – Adenbach chapter)
* ''Verein der Freunde und Förderer der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr'' (Friends and Promoters of the Volunteer [[Fire brigade|Fire Brigade]])
* ''Verein Adenbacher Dorfgemeinschaft'' (community club)<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Transport===
Adenbach lies on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 382 (Odenbach—Kaiserslautern). To the north runs ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420. The [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s are quite far away (Kaiserslautern 30 km, Kusel 38 km, [[Wörrstadt]] 45 km). Serving nearby [[Lauterecken]] is a [[railway station]] on the ''[[Lautertalbahn]]'' ([[Kaiserslautern]]—[[Lauterecken]]-[[Grumbach]]) some 6 km away. The former railway station at Odenbach lay only 3 km away, but this is now closed.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Transport]</ref>

===Economic structure===
Originally, the villagers earned their livelihoods almost exclusively from [[agriculture]]. Besides small craft operations, there was also a mill. The ''Adenbacher Mühle'', as it was called, arose after the Thirty Years' War, and was shut down for the last time in 1979. For a long time, chalk was mined and fired into quicklime. Three mines (St. Lorenzigrube, St. Jakobsgrube, Ludwigsgrube) yielded considerable amounts of coal in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the late 18th and early 19th century, wandering ''Musikanten'' set out from Adenbach, among other places in the region, and travelled to many parts of the world.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
After the Reformation, the Dukes of Zweibrücken strove to promote schooling in the duchy, their first and foremost goal being to give their subjects the ability to grapple with the [[Bible]] by themselves. The good beginnings suffered a setback with the Thirty Years' War, and during the 18th century, schooling had to be developed all over again. Classes were organized through the church, and not seldom taught by the clergyman himself. Children from small villages had to attend school in the village of the parish mother church at first. For Adenbach schoolchildren, this meant that they had to go to school in [[Medard]]. In 1666, a teacher born in Adenbach wanted to obtain a teaching post in Medard, but was turned down. In 1673, the government allowed children from Adenbach to attend school at the more conveniently located school in Odenbach. From the time about 1700 come records showing that two children of the Lutheran faith were attending the Lutheran school in [[Meisenheim]]. From the early 18th century on, a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare) was open in Adenbach. In 1708, the teacher Hans Conrad Höhn, from Medard, came to Adenbach and taught until 1731. The series of Höhn's successors is listed in Wendel's village chronicle right up to the dissolution of the local school in 1966. Six barrels of grain were delivered to the teacher Prass in 1762 for his troubles, and in money he received 2 ''Gulden'', 8 ''Batzen'' and 2 ''Pfennige''. The teacher's dwelling in Adenbach back then was obviously not very comfortable. At the married teacher Jakob Matheis's disposal in 1776 was a dwelling with a parlour and one small room. Luckily, he and his wife had only one child. In schools in those days, especially in winter schools, heating problems were always arising. The municipality delivered to the school in 1776 20 ''Maß'' of [[coal]] from the village colliery for heating. Most classes were held in private houses before the municipality had its own schoolhouse, but as early as 1742, Adenbach had one of these. In 1820, the municipality wanted to build a new schoolhouse, but then decided to trade the old schoolhouse for a suitable new house. This house was converted at a cost of 1,589 ''Gulden''. As the village's population rose markedly in those days, so too did the number of the village's schoolchildren (32 schoolchildren in 1820; 60 schoolchildren in 1853). Accordingly, the municipality had the schoolhouse expanded in 1868. In 1937, the Pfalz ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration converted the hitherto “[[Protestantism|Protestant]] School” after a [[Referendum|plebiscite]] into a “[[Christianity|Christian]] Unity School” (''Christliche Einheitsschule''). In 1938, year level 8 was introduced, but the pupils at this level had to go to school in Odenbach. The school remained until its closure in 1966 a [[one-room school]]. Afterwards, the schoolhouse was converted into a community centre. [[Primary school]] pupils nowadays attend school in Odenbach, while [[Hauptschule]] students go to school in Lauterecken. The nearest [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] are the ones in Lauterecken and Meisenheim.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Education]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Adenbach}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130302115450/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Adenbach/ Adenbach] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=5124362/q3p6ou/ Brief portrait of Adenbach on television programme ''Hierzuland''] {{in lang|de}}


{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Welchweiler

2024-12-16T04:03:03Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen Welchweiler.jpg → File:DEU Welchweiler COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa =DEU Welchweiler COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|34|37|N|7|30|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Welchweiler in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 250
|area = 3.48
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06387
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 103
|website = [http://www.welchweiler.com/ www.welchweiler.com]
|mayor = Horst Christoffel<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Welchweiler''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies on the west side of the 536-metre-high [[Herrmannsberg (North Palatine Uplands)|Herrmannsberg]] in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. The village's elevation is some 300 m above [[sea level]] and it lies on a small stream called the Welchbach, which runs down into the Sachsbach. From the foot of the Herrmannsberg, Welchweiler is split by a narrow ridge and the valley of the Sachsbach. The Sachsbach empties into the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] and is known in its lower reaches as the Horschbach. Welchweiler lies only a few hundred metres from the village of [[Elzweiler]], which itself lies in the valley of the Sachsbach. Welchweiler's municipal area measures 348 ha, of which 5 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Welchweiler borders in the north on the municipality of [[Horschbach]], in the east on the municipality of [[Elzweiler]], in the south on the municipality of [[Altenglan]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Bedesbach]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Sankt Julian]]. Welchweiler also meets the municipalities of [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]] and [[Bosenbach]] at single points in the west and southeast respectively.

===Municipality’s layout===
Most of Welchweiler's houses stand alongside the ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' that runs from [[Glanbrücken]] to [[Altenglan]] on small village streets. The village expanded only slightly in the 19th century, and there was likewise not a great deal of growth after the [[Second World War]]. Most houses are farmhouses of the ''Einfirsthaus'' type (“one-roof-ridge house”), and there are also smaller workers’ houses.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Thus far, no [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds have turned up in the Welchweiler area. It could be that the area west of the Herrmannsberg was only settled in early [[Franks|Frankish]] times.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
From the time of its founding, Welchweiler lay within the so-called ''Remigiusland'', whose borders are laid out precisely in a 1355 ''Weistum'' (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times). The village was originally independent of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Archbishopric of Reims]] and the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] in [[Reims]]. After Gerlach I of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]] had founded the County of Veldenz in 1136 and been raised to ''Schutz[[vogt]]'' (roughly, “protector”) over the ''Remigiusland'', the Counts of Veldenz were also deemed to be the local lords. In 1320, Welchweiler had its first documentary mention as ''Weldichwilre''. According to the document itself, [[Baldwin of Luxembourg|Archbishop Baldwin of Trier]] received three Rhinegravial ''[[Burgmann]]en'', the brothers Heinrich, Gerhard and Simon from Heppenheim (today an outlying centre of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]), as armed men in his service, enfeoffing them with, among other things, a piece of land near Welchweiler. Welchweiler was also mentioned in the well known 1365 document in which Heinrich II of Veldenz bequeathed to his son, who later became Heinrich III, and to his wife, Lauretta of Spanheim, the tithes from the whole ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'' of Altenglan and Brücken. The Counts of Veldenz died out in the male line in 1444, and the last count's bequest was to his daughter Anna, who had earlier married [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]], one of [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] sons. Stephan merged his own [[Electorate of the Palatinate|Palatinate]] holdings with his wife's inheritance and founded the County Palatine of Zweibrücken, which eventually came to be known as the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
Welchweiler now shared a history with the County Palatine of Zweibrücken until this state was swept away in the throes of the [[French Revolution]] in 1801. In the [[Thirty Years' War]], the village was repeatedly [[Military occupation|occupied]] and destroyed by the various combatants. Warfare and the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]] decimated the populace. Indeed, it is likely that after the war the village had to be newly settled. In the 18th century there was noticeable growth in the population.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of [[Napoleon]]ic [[France|French]] rule, from 1801 to 1814, Welchweiler belonged to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Horschbach, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]), whose capital was at [[Mainz]]. Even after the Palatinate had been awarded to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] at the [[Congress of Vienna]], Welchweiler still belonged to the Canton of Wolfstein, but now this lay within the ''Landcommissariat'' of Kusel – later the ''Bezirksamt'' of Kusel, and later still the ''Landkreis'' (“rural district” – the designation it still bears today) of Kusel. Throughout Bavarian times (the kingdom came to an end with the [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|German Kaiser's]] and the [[Ludwig III of Bavaria|Bavarian king's]] abdications in 1918), [[Weimar Republic|Weimar times]], the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] and even into [[West Germany|West German]] times up until 1968 – by which time Welchweiler found itself in the [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] – the village belonged to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Horschbach. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) became quite popular in Welchweiler, although support was not high early on. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], only 1.1% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, and in the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had sunk to 0%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], though, after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 49.3%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. After the [[Second World War]], the Palatinate ceased to be a Bavarian [[exclave]] and was incorporated into Rhineland-Palatinate. In the course of administrative restructuring in that state in 1968, Welchweiler was grouped as an ''Ortsgemeinde'' into the [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]] in 1972. The inhabitants’ voting patterns are distinguished by the tendency always to give the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] a healthy majority. This pattern had in principle already been established before 1933.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
The villagers originally made their living at [[agriculture]], but later many earned their livelihood as day labourers and forestry workers. Today most of the villagers who are in the workforce are employed at jobs outside Welchweiler and must [[Commuting|commute]]. Owing to the rather unfavourable transport conditions, the village's population has been shrinking for decades. At the time of the 1609 ecclesiastical Visitation by the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Lichtenberg, there were 106 inhabitants. After the population was wiped out by sickness and the [[Thirty Years' War]], the village needed to be settled all over again. In 1675, there were nine families, and by 1688 there were 14 once again. This fell again to 10 families in 1693 and 11 in 1704, mainly through the ravages of the wars waged by [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV]].

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Welchweiler, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1609 || 1675 || 1688 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1997 || 2005
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 106 || ~50 || ~80 || 254 || 318 || 313 || 390 || 395 || 350 || 242 || 209
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   ||   ||   || 15 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 23 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   ||   ||   || 239 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 327 ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
In 1320, the village's name was ''Weldichwilre'', in 1364 it was ''Welchwijlre'', in 1460 ''Welchwillr'' and in 1588 Welchweiler. The placename ending ''—weiler'' goes back to the [[Romance languages|Romance]] word ''villare'' and means homestead or farm (as a standalone [[German language|German]] word, ''Weiler'' nowadays means “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]”). While only a few places with names ending in ''—weiler'' arose in the early days of [[Franks|Frankish]] settlement, new foundings – homesteads and little villages – whose names took this ending were being named as late as the 13th century. Nonetheless, Welchweiler might already have arisen by the 7th century as a single homestead. As for the prefix, this might have been a Germanic given name, ''Weldicho''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Municipality’s name]</ref>

==Religion==
Religious development in Welchweiler unfolded in step with the ecclesiastical history of the ''Remigiusland'', the [[County of Veldenz]] and the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], that is with [[Religious conversion|conversion]] at the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] in 1545 and a further conversion to [[Calvinism]] in 1588. To this day, the population is overwhelmingly [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]. Welchweiler belonged in the [[Middle Ages]], within the Glan chapter, to the parish of Ulmet. The village does not have its own church. The Evangelical [[Christianity|Christians]] today belong to the parish of Hinzweiler and attend church in Horschbach. [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] are served by the parish of Rammelsbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360110300.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Welchweiler's mayor is Horst Christoffel, and his deputies are Volker Metzger and Manfred Forster.<ref>[http://www.welchweiler.com/gemeinderat.htm Welchweiler’s council]</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''{{lang|de|Von Schwarz und Silber gespalten, rechts zwei goldene übereinander gestellte ‚W‘, links ein rotbezungter und rotbewehrter blauer Löwe.}}''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Per pale sable two Ws in pale Or and argent a lion rampant azure armed and langued gules.

The two Ws on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side are an abbreviation of the municipality's name, Welchweiler. This [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] appeared on a village seal as early as 1742. The lion on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side is drawn from the arms formerly borne by the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]; it is the heraldic device of the [[House of Wittelsbach]], which ruled Bavaria until 1918.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Coat of arms]</ref>

===Regular events===
Welchweiler holds its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerwe'') on the second weekend in August.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Welchweiler's assortment of clubs is not particularly well developed, but there are three:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Clubs]</ref>
* ''Spielvereinigung Hermannsberg/Welchweiler'' (sport playing association)
* ''Obst- und Gartenbauverein Welchweiler/Elzweiler'' (fruitgrowing and [[gardening]])
* ''Landfrauenverein Welchweiler'' (countrywomen's club)

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
[[Agriculture|Agricultural]] operations in Welchweiler have to a great extent been given up. Work within the municipality (in forestry and quarrying) is losing importance. Most of the workers must thus [[Commuting|commute]] to and from jobs outside the village. [[Tourism]] might offer the village a chance at prosperity.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
It is unknown when the village's first school was established in Welchweiler. At first, classes were only held at a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare). In 1784, the 27-year-old teacher Johann Geibel from Erzweiler (a now vanished village near [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]] forsaken by its last few inhabitants in 1974 after having been incorporated into the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground by the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] in 1933) served to bolster the teaching staff at the winter school in Welchweiler. The local school was thereby subject to the Ulmet “main school”, to which the municipality had to send 5 barrels and 2 ''Sester'' of [[Cereal|corn]], and also money: 3 ''[[Bavarian gulden|Gulden]]'', 5 ''[[Batzen]]'' and 12 ''Pfennige''. During the 19th century, the village acquired its own school building, and thereafter, classes were held in a single room. In 1962, the local school was closed, and then all [[Hauptschule]] students attended school at the ''Zentralschule Sankt Julian'' (as of 1969 ''Hauptschule Offenbach-St. Julian''), while the [[primary school]] pupils went to the Elzweiler schoolhouse along with schoolchildren from that neighbouring village. Between 1964 and 1966, the Welchweiler schoolhouse underwent a conversion into a community centre. Even the Elzweiler school did not last much longer, and with the establishment of ''Verbandsgemeinden'' came a thoroughly new school organization. Since 1974, Hauptschule students have been attending the ''Hauptschule'' (now ''[[Regionale Schule]]'') ''Altenglan'', while the primary school pupils have been attending the ''Grundschule Altenglan'' in [[Rammelsbach]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Welchweiler's transport situation is not particularly favourable. ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 368 between Altenglan and Hinzweiler runs through the village. Direct road links have been built to [[Bedesbach]] and [[Sankt Julian]] by way of ''[[Kreisstraße]]n'' 27 and 36. The nearest [[railway station]] is at [[Altenglan]] on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]] (and formerly on the now closed [[Glan Valley Railway|''Glantalbahn'']]), 5 km away. The nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s, at [[Glan-Münchweiler]] and [[Kusel]], are each about 15 km away, on the [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]), southwest of Welchweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-w/welchweiler/geschichte.html?L=0 Transport]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.welchweiler.com/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

User:ChryZ MUC/rauten challenge

2024-12-15T05:53:19Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen von Feldkirchen Straubing-Bogen.png → File:Wappen von Feldkirchen (Niederbayern).svg PNG → SVG

==Bayerische Rauten==
Um die Challenge zu bestehen, müsst Ihr folgende Bedingungen erfüllt haben:
* 1. Mindestens einen Fund in den Landkreisen Bayerns (32) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]] und Baden-Württembergs (2) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
* 2. Mindestens einen Fund in je einer Gemeinde Bayerns (von 87) {{tick|20}}, Baden-Württembergs (von 16) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]], Oberösterreich (von 10) {{tick|20}} und Rheinland-Pfalz (von 4 ''Verbandsgemeinden'') {{tick|20}}
* 3. Bild von Euch vor dem Wappen des Grafen von Bogen (siehe Waypoint) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
* 4. Mindestens 100 Punkte [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]], wobei die Gemeinden aus folgenden Regionen wie folgt zählen (Gewichtung ausgehend vom Final in München):
** Oberbayern: 1 Punkt
** Niederbayern, Schwaben und Tirol: 2 Punkte
** Mittelfranken, Oberösterreich und Oberpfalz: 3 Punkte
** Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Niederösterreich, Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland: 5 Punkte
** Belgien und Niederlande: 10 Punkte

{{Aligned table
|cols=3 |class=wikitable sortable
|col1align=left |col2align=center
|row1header=on
| Bundesland | Einheit | Anteil
| {{flag|Baden-Württemberg}} | Landkreise | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Bayern}} | Landkreise | {{Percentage bar| 94|30/32|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Baden-Württemberg}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/16|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Bayern}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 43|37/87|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Flemish Brabant}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Hessen}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Niederösterreich}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Oberösterreich}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 20|2/10|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Rheinland-Pfalz}} | Verbandsgemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 25|1/4|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Saarland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|South Holland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Tirol}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar|100|2/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Zeeland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
}}

Wer clever ist, kann mit einem Cache mehrere Bedingungen gleichzeitig erledigen: Bspw. zahlt eine gefundene Dose in Dasing mit 2 Punkten für Bedingung 4 ein und erledigt den Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg von Bedingung 1. Bzw. generell gilt: Wird noch ein Landkreis für Bedingung 1 benötigt, schaut gleich mal, ob es darin nicht eine Gemeinde gibt, für die Ihr Punkte für Bedingung 4 sammeln könnt.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:Wappen landkreis coburg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Coburg|Coburg]] || Landkreis || Oberfranken || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Karlsruhe (district).svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Karlsruhe|Karlsruhe]] || Landkreis || Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Miltenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Miltenberg|Miltenberg]] || Landkreis || Unterfranken || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis.svg|20px]] [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Landkreis || Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Abensberg.svg|20px]] [[Abensberg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Auerbach Oberpfalz.svg|20px]] [[Auerbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bad Abbach.svg|20px]] [[Bad Abbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Baernau.svg|20px]] [[Bärnau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Bammental.svg|20px]] [[Bammental]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bayerisch Gmain.svg|20px]] [[Bayerisch Gmain]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Beratzhausen.svg|20px]] [[Beratzhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of Arms Bretten (de).svg|20px]] [[Bretten]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Karlsruhe]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Burglengenfeld.svg|20px]] [[Burglengenfeld]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:WappenBürstadt.svg|20px]] [[Bürstadt]] || Gemeinde || [[Bergstraße (district)|Bergstraße]] || Hessen || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Eggenfelden.svg|20px]] [[Eggenfelden]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Rottal-Inn]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Elztal COA.svg|20px]] [[Elztal (Odenwald)]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Ergoldsbach coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Ergoldsbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Eschelbronn.svg|20px]] [[Eschelbronn]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|20px]] [[Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Eschlkam.svg|20px]] [[Eschlkam]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT Feldkirchen bei Mattighofen COA.png|20px]] [[Feldkirchen bei Mattighofen]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Feldkirchen (Niederbayern).svg|20px]] [[Feldkirchen (Niederbayern)]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Flossenbürg.svg|20px]] [[Flossenbürg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at franking.png|20px]] [[Franking]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Freihung.svg|20px]] [[Freihung]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Geiselhöring.svg|20px]] [[Geiselhöring]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Goes.svg|20px]] [[Goes]] || Gemeinde || [[Zeeland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Grafenau Ndb.jpg|20px]] [[Grafenau (Niederbayern)]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Grafenwöhr.svg|20px]] [[Grafenwöhr]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Hahnbach.svg|20px]] [[Hahnbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Blason Halle(Vlaams Brabant).svg|20px]] [[Halle (Belgien)|Halle]] || Stadt || [[Provinz Flämisch-Brabant]] || Belgien || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen-Hassmersheim.svg|20px]] [[Haßmersheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Heddesheim.svg|20px]] [[Heddesheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Heiligkreuzsteinach.svg|20px]] [[Heiligkreuzsteinach]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hirschau COA.svg|20px]] [[Hirschau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Hoeksche Waard wapen.svg|20px]] [[Hoeksche Waard (municipality)|Hoeksche Waard]] || Markt || [[South Holland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Hohenburg.png|20px]] [[Hohenburg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Inchenhofen.svg|20px]] [[Inchenhofen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kallmünz COA.svg|20px]] [[Kallmünz]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Kemnath.png|20px]] [[Kemnath]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kirchenthumbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Kirchenthumbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kohlberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Kohlberg (Oberpfalz)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kollnburg COA.svg|20px]] [[Kollnburg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kottgeisering COA.svg|20px]] [[Kottgeisering]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Laaber.svg|20px]] [[Laaber]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Lauterhofen COA.svg|20px]] [[Lauterhofen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Löwenstein COA.svg|20px]] [[Löwenstein]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Heilbronn]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at mauerkirchen.png|20px]] [[Mauerkirchen]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg.png|20px]] [[Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:CoA Meckesheim.svg|20px]] [[Meckesheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Mitterfels.png|20px]] [[Mitterfels]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Moosbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Moosbach (Oberpfalz)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT_Neuhofen_an_der_Ybbs_COA.png|20px]] [[Neuhofen an der Ybbs]] || Marktgemeinde || [[Bezirk Amstetten]] || Niederösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Neukirchen-Balbini COA.svg|20px]] [[Neukirchen-Balbini]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Neustadt an der Donau COA.svg|20px]] [[Neustadt an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Nittenau COA.svg|20px]] [[Nittenau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Nußloch.svg|20px]] [[Nußloch]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Obrigheim (Baden) COA.svg|20px]] [[Obrigheim (Baden)]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Oftersheim.svg|20px]] [[Oftersheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at ort im innkreis.png|20px]] [[Ort im Innkreis]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Otzberg.svg|20px]] [[Otzberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg]] || Hessen || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Painten COA.svg|20px]] [[Painten]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Peiting.svg|20px]] [[Peiting]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Pfeffenhausen coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Pfeffenhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Pförring COA.svg|20px]] [[Pförring]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Eichstätt]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Pleystein.svg|20px]] [[Pleystein]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Prackenbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Prackenbach]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Pressath COA.svg|20px]] [[Pressath]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Reimerswaal.svg|20px]] [[Reimerswaal (municipality)|Reimerswaal]] || Gemeinde || [[Zeeland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen-ried innkreis.png|20px]] [[Ried im Innkreis]] || Stadt || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU VG Rheinauen COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Rheinauen]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ruhmannsfelden COA.svg|20px]] [[Ruhmannsfelden]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Sandhausen COA.svg|20px]] [[Sandhausen]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Schefflenz COA.svg|20px]] [[Schefflenz]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Schönberg.png|20px]] [[Schönberg (Niederbayern)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Schongau COA.svg|20px]] [[Schongau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Simbach.svg|20px]] [[Simbach (bei Landau)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU VG Simmern-Rheinboellen COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT Spitz in der Wachau COA.svg|20px]] [[Spitz, Austria|Spitz in der Wachau]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Krems-Land]] || Niederösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at st georgen bei obernberg am inn.png|20px]] [[St. Georgen bei Obernberg am Inn]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU St.Ingbert COA.svg|20px]] [[St. Ingbert]] || Stadt || [[Saarpfalz-Kreis]] || Saarland || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at st willibald.png|20px]] [[St. Willibald]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Schärding]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tännesberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Tännesberg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at taiskirchen im innkreis.png|20px]] [[Taiskirchen im Innkreis]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tittling COA.svg|20px]] [[Tittling]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Passau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Vilshofen COA.svg|20px]] [[Vilshofen an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Passau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Weinheim.svg|20px]] [[Weinheim]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Wiesloch.svg|20px]] [[Wiesloch]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Zachenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Zachenberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|}

==Gemeinden==
===Oberbayern (16 Punkte – 1 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen Bad Aibling.png|[[Bad Aibling]]
File:Wappen von Bad Heilbrunn.svg|[[Bad Heilbrunn]]
File:Bad Reichenhall - Wappen.svg|[[Bad Reichenhall]]
File:Wappen von Bayrischzell.svg|[[Bayrischzell]]
File:Wappen Berchtesgaden.svg|[[Berchtesgaden]]
File:Wappen von Freising.svg|[[Freising]]
File:Fürstenfeldbruck Wappen.svg|[[Fürstenfeldbruck]]
File:Wappen Grünwald.svg|[[Grünwald, Bavaria|Grünwald]]
File:Wappen Herrsching.svg|[[Herrsching am Ammersee|Herrsching]]
File:DEU Kösching COA.svg|[[Kösching]]
File:Wappen Marktl.png|[[Marktl]]
File:DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg|[[Neuburg an der Donau]]
File:DEU Oberschleißheim COA.svg|[[Oberschleißheim]]
File:Olching.svg|[[Olching]]
File:DEU Pähl COA.svg|[[Pähl]]
File:DEU Schrobenhausen COA.svg|[[Schrobenhausen]]
</gallery>

===Mittelfranken (3 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Ottensoos COA.svg|[[Ottensoos]]
</gallery>

===Niederbayern (14 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen von Deggendorf.svg|[[Deggendorf]]
File:Wappen Dingolfing.svg|[[Dingolfing]]
File:Geisenhausen LA coat of arms.svg|[[Geisenhausen]]
File:DEU Plattling COA.svg|[[Plattling]]
File:Velden Vils coat of arms.svg|[[Velden (Vils)]]
File:Wappen Vilsbiburg.svg|[[Vilsbiburg]]
File:DEU Zwiesel COA.svg|[[Zwiesel]]
</gallery>

===Oberpfalz (12 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Cham COA.svg|[[Cham, Germany|Cham]]
File:Wappen Furth im Wald.svg|[[Furth im Wald]]
File:DEU Lupburg COA.svg|[[Lupburg]]
File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|[[Schwandorf]]
</gallery>

===Schwaben (18 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen Dasing.svg|[[Dasing]]
File:Wappen Grossaitingen.svg|[[Großaitingen]]
File:Wappen von Gundelfingen an der Donau.svg|[[Gundelfingen an der Donau]]
File:Wappen von Günzburg.svg|[[Günzburg]]
File:Wappen von Höchstädt a. d. Donau.svg|[[Höchstädt an der Donau]]
File:Olching.svg|[[Olching]]
File:DEU_Rain_COA.svg|[[Rain (Lech)|Rain]]
File:Wappen Thierhaupten.svg|[[Thierhaupten]]
File:DEU Wertingen COA.svg|[[Wertingen]]
</gallery>

===Oberösterreich (6 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|[[Braunau am Inn]]
File:Wappen at Ostermiething.png|[[Ostermiething]]
</gallery>

===Rheinland-Pfalz (5 Punkte – 5 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Loreley COA.svg|[[Verbandsgemeinde Loreley|Loreley]]
</gallery>

===Tirol (4 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen at niederndorferberg.png|[[Niederndorferberg]]
File:Wappen at rettenschoess.png|[[Rettenschöss]]
</gallery>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg|20px]] [[Bayern]] || Bundesland || || || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bezirk Niederbayern.svg|20px]] [[Niederbayern]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Oberbayern.svg|20px]] [[Oberbayern]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Oberpfalz.svg|20px]] [[Oberpfalz]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg|Aichach-Friedberg]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Altoetting COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Altötting|Altötting]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Amberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Amberg]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bad Aibling.png|20px]] [[Bad Aibling]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Rosenheim]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bad Toelz-Wolfratshausen.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen|Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Cham COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Cham|Cham]] || Landkreis || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land|Berchtesgadener Land]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bayreuth2.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Bayreuth|Bayreuth]] || Landkreis || Oberfranken || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Cham COA.svg|20px]] [[Cham (Oberpfalz)|Cham]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Dachau.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Dachau|Dachau]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau|Dingolfing-Landau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Donau-Ries COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Donau-Ries|Donau-Ries]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Eichstätt COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Eichstätt|Eichstätt]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Freising COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Freising|Freising]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Erding COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Erding|Erding]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau|Freyung-Grafenau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen|Garmisch-Partenkirchen]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Kelheim.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Kelheim|Kelheim]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landsberg am Lech.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Landsberg am Lech|Landsberg am Lech]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landshut.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Landshut|Landshut]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Lindau Bodensee COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Lindau (Bodensee)|Lindau (Bodensee)]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Muenchen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis München|München]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Passau COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Passau|Passau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm|Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Regen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Regen|Regen]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Regensburg COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Regensburg|Regensburg]] || Landkreis || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Rosenheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Rosenheim|Rosenheim]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Starnberg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Starnberg|Starnberg]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Straubing COA.svg|20px]] [[Straubing]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Straubing-Bogen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen|Straubing-Bogen]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Unterallgaeu.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Unterallgäu|Unterallgäu]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|20px]] [[Weiden in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bad Heilbrunn.svg|20px]] [[Bad Heilbrunn]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Bad Reichenhall - Wappen.svg|20px]] [[Bad Reichenhall]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bayrischzell.svg|20px]] [[Bayrischzell]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Miesbach]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Berchtesgaden.svg|20px]] [[Berchtesgaden]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|20px]] [[Braunau am Inn]] || Stadt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Dasing.svg|20px]] [[Dasing]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Freising.svg|20px]] [[Freising]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Freising]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Fürstenfeldbruck Wappen.svg|20px]] [[Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Furth im Wald.svg|20px]] [[Furth im Wald]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Geisenhausen LA coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Geisenhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Grossaitingen.svg|20px]] [[Großaitingen]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Augsburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Grünwald.png|20px]] [[Grünwald]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis München]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Günzburg.svg|20px]] [[Günzburg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Günzburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Gundelfingen an der Donau.svg|20px]] [[Gundelfingen an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Höchstädt a. d. Donau.svg|20px]] [[Höchstädt an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Kösching COA.svg|20px]] [[Kösching]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Eichstätt]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Loreley COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Loreley|Loreley]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Marktl.png|20px]] [[Marktl]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Altötting]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg|20px]] [[Neuburg an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at niederndorferberg.png|20px]] [[Niederndorferberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Kufstein]] || Tirol || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberschleißheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberschleißheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis München]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Olching.svg|20px]] [[Olching]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at Ostermiething.png|20px]] [[Ostermiething]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Ottensoos COA.svg|20px]] [[Ottensoos]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Nürnberger Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Pähl COA.svg|20px]] [[Pähl]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Rain COA.svg|20px]] [[Rain (Lech)]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Donau-Ries]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at rettenschoess.png|20px]] [[Rettenschöss]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Kufstein]] || Tirol || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Schrobenhausen COA.svg|20px]] [[Schrobenhausen]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|20px]] [[Schwandorf]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Thierhaupten2.svg|20px]] [[Thierhaupten]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Augsburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Velden Vils coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Velden (Vils)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Vilsbiburg.svg|20px]] [[Vilsbiburg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Zwiesel COA.svg|20px]] [[Zwiesel]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
|}

== Ortsgemeinden Rheinland-Pfalz ==

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:DEU Albersweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Albersweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Altrip COA.svg|20px]] [[Altrip]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Argenthal COA.svg|20px]] [[Argenthal]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Bacharach COA.svg|20px]] [[Bacharach]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Barbelroth COA.svg|20px]] [[Barbelroth]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Bellheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Bellheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Biebelnheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Biebelnheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Dittelsheim-Heßloch.png|20px]] [[Dittelsheim-Heßloch]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Dörrenbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Dörrenbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Dörscheid COA.svg|20px]] [[Dörscheid]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Edenkoben COA.svg|20px]] [[Edenkoben]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Einselthum COA.svg|20px]] [[Einselthum]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ellern COA.svg|20px]] [[Ellern (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Flörsheim-Dalsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Flörsheim-Dalsheim]] || Ortsgeimeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Frankweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Frankweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Frettenheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Frettenheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Gehrweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Gehrweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hallgarten COA.svg|20px]] [[Hallgarten (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hangen-Weisheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Hangen-Weisheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hergersweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Hergersweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hinterweidenthal COA.svg|20px]] [[Hinterweidenthal]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südwestpfalz]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Holzbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Holzbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Horn COA.svg|20px]] [[Horn (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kaub COA.svg|20px]] [[Kaub]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Külz COA.svg|20px]] [[Külz (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Manubach COA.svg|20px]] [[Manubach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Maxdorf COA.svg|20px]] [[Maxdorf]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Meckenheim (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Meckenheim (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Dürkheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mengerschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Mengerschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mölsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Mölsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mutterschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Mutterschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Niedermoschel COA.svg|20px]] [[Niedermoschel]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Niederotterbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Niederotterbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberdiebach COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberdiebach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberndorf (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberotterbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberotterbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ohlweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Ohlweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ottersheim bei Landau COA.svg|20px]] [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Rayerschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Rayerschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Reifenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Reifenberg]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südwestpfalz]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ruppertsecken COA.svg|20px]] [[Ruppertsecken]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Simmern COA.svg|20px]] [[Simmern/Hunsrück]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tiefenbach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|20px]] [[Tiefenbach (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Veldenz.svg|20px]] [[Veldenz]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Volxheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Volxheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|20px]] [[Wachenheim an der Weinstraße]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Bad Dürkheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Walsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Walsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Westheim (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Winden.png|20px]] [[Winden (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wonsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Wonsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wüschheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Wüschheim (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
|}

Ulmet, Germany

2024-12-15T05:49:36Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen Ulmet.jpg → File:DEU Ulmet COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|name = Ulmet
|image_photo =
|image_coa =DEU Ulmet COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|35|08|N|7|27|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Ulmet in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 200
|area = 7.10
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06387
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 099
|website = [http://www.ulmet.de/index.php?gid=7 ulmet.de]
|mayor = Klaus Klinck<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Ulmet''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]]. Ulmet has long been a recognized [[tourism]] community.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.vg-altenglan.de/?id=67 | title=Startseite }}</ref>

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies on the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] in the Kusel ''[[Musikantenland]]'' in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. The municipal area measures 710 ha, of which 94 ha is wooded. The village lies in the Glan valley overlooking the “Glan Knee”, where the river bends from its northward direction to a northeasterly course. The broad, fertile dale is framed by hills and mountains, which are mostly wooded. The highest elevations are the Steinerner Mann (459 m above [[sea level]]) to the west and the Sulzkopf (402 m above sea level) to the south. The floor of the dale lies some 190 m above sea level. In 1836, in his travel observations, Friedrich Blaul wrote of Ulmet: “…The location of the village of Ulmet I prefer to all others. It is characteristic of the whole Glan valley, with regard to both beauty and richness. On a small hill stands a little old [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] church, surrounded by fertile fields and lovely meadows. Livestock breeding in this exquisite dale is in an excellent state and a Glan cow enjoys before the others of her kind the same advantage as [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] before the [[Charites|Graces]].” All together, 164 ha of the municipal area is under Federal ownership as a border strip for the Baumholder troop drilling ground and for a pumping station on the [[NATO]] [[Central Europe Pipeline System|pipeline]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445|title = Ulmet - regionalgeschichte.net}}</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Ulmet borders in the north on the municipality of [[Rathsweiler]], in the northeast on the municipality of [[Niederalben]], in the east on the municipality of [[Sankt Julian]], in the south on the municipalities of [[Bedesbach]] and [[Erdesbach]], in the west on the municipality of [[Oberalben]] and in the northwest on the [[Baumholder]] troop drilling ground.

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Ulmet are the outlying homesteads of Felschbachhof and Mühlwieshof.<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125005812/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf |date=2015-11-25 }}, Seite 97 (PDF)</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
Today's village is made up of the two formerly self-administering centres of Ulmet, which lay on the Glan's left bank, and Pielsbach on the right bank. Both were clump villages that huddled closely to the Glan and the latter village's namesake Pielsbach. The combined village has only begun to spread away from the Glan in the very latest times with the opening of five new building areas. Ulmet, once a rich farming village, was, before the [[Thirty Years' War]], the biggest municipality in the middle Glan valley, and the governing one, being as it was the seat of an ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]''. The municipal area reached most of the way to the actual village sites of [[Erdesbach]], [[Oberalben]]-Mayweilerhof and [[Rathsweiler]]. Ulmet could claim to be the governing centre up until the 19th century. In P. A. Paule's ''Gemälden aus Rheinbaiern 1817'' (“Tableaux from Rhenish Bavaria”), for instance, a population of 495 inhabitants is listed for Ulmet, whereas for the now considerably bigger [[Altenglan]], the figure was only 403. The old overland routes, for the most part dating back to [[Celts|Celtic]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, steered clear of the dales, which were threatened by floods and hostile encroachment, and also offered no clear view. Near Ulmet, two roads met: the army road coming from [[Kaiserslautern]] by way of [[Bosenbach]] and the Ulmet strip field “Pilgerhausen” and the [[Roman roads|Roman road]] coming down from [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Lichtenberg Castle]] by way of the Mayweilerhof (estate) to Rathsweiler and running from the ''Neuwirtshaus'' (“New Inn”, in [[Niederalben]]) by way of Ohlscheid and [[Schweinschied]] towards [[Kreuznach]]. This road had a branch at the Mayweilerhof leading to Ulmet and the Glan crossing, and farther on to a junction with yet another road that ran north–south.

The municipality offered farming, cropraising and livestock raising all the advantages in earlier times with its relatively vast municipal area, fertile cropland in the east and west and broad meadows in the open Glan valley. Thus, Ulmet grew until the 20th century as a respectable farming village. The extensive loss of lands in the west to the Baumholder troop drilling ground and in the southwest to [[NATO]] pipeline compromised [[agriculture]], reducing the amount of land under the plough by 164 ha. This loss, as well as developments in industry and indeed in the era following the [[Second World War]], led to an end for almost all agricultural operations, great and small. Nowadays, there is only one farming family left, mainly in cropraising, working their own land and also great areas of rented land. A few farming operations run as sidelines, but only serve the owners’ needs. One good thing for the land has been the establishment of a shepherds’ club, whose many part-time shepherds, with their small to midsize flocks, are keeping the municipal area's utter reversion to wilderness in check<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Two [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds in or near the municipal area bear witness to early human habitation:
* A fragment of a small, four-sided stone axe with the poll missing made of black stone with a length of 2.7 cm was found in the strip field called “Seiters”. It is now kept at the ''Historisches Museum der Pfalz'' (Historic Museum of the Palatinate) in [[Speyer]].
* After the Second World War (1948), a [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] grave was unearthed in the “Ruth” forest district right near the boundary with the Baumholder troop drilling ground, not far from the Roman road that goes by, below the Wartekopf. It has a diameter of more than 30 m, is round or oval, convex in the middle, and on the now heavily overgrown surface systematically studded with selected, big stones. According to Dr. Sprater, it is a Celtic grave. The Historic Museum in Speyer recorded the find in its register, but the grave complex has not been opened, but rather left in its original state. Many artefacts from Roman times have been found in neighbouring municipal areas. [[Spolia]] from Roman times are still preserved in the [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] church's masonry<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Ancient history]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Ulmet is one of the oldest places in the Glan area. The first documentary mention came as early as 932 or 952 in the addendum to the [[Polyptych (document)|Polyptych]] of St. Remi, in which a place called ''Kapellen'' is named. What was meant by this was the ''Flurskapelle'', a [[chapel]] that still stands today, then the hub of a great parish. In the early 12th century, the village passed to the [[County of Veldenz]], whose counts exercised the ''[[Vogt|Schutzvogtei]]'' over the so-called ''Remigiusland''. In 1444, Count Palatine Stephan of [[Electorate of the Palatinate|the Palatinate]] merged Veldenz, some of his own holdings and the County of Zweibrücken to found the new County of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], which was later generally known as a duchy. Ulmet lay within this duchy up until [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] [[Military occupation|occupied]] the lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank, during which time Ulmet, sometimes by itself and sometimes together with Pilsbach across the Glan, was the chief centre of a Zweibrücken ''Unteramt''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Mediaeval history]</ref>

===Modern times===
The lordship of the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] lasted through the [[Thirty Years' War]] until the duchy came to an end in the course of the [[French Revolution]]. In 1633, during the Thirty Years’ War, there was an engagement at the earthworks in which the Imperial Army's [[Spain|Spanish]] troops suffered a great onslaught from troops of the Union under command of Rhinegrave Otto, and were thereby forced to withdraw from the Palatinate, and the whole left bank of the Rhine. The Spaniards lost all their baggage in the ordeal, and perhaps worse, 1,500 [[Mercenary|mercenaries]] were taken prisoner. In 1635, Ulmet was burnt down by the Imperial Army's [[Croatia]]n mercenaries. Some of the inhabitants got to safety, along with their clergyman Suevas, at [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Lichtenberg Castle]]. All the inhabitants who did not make it to safety inside Lichtenberg Castle were murdered. By the time the war was over, the village was almost empty of people. The population then grew up again, but only slowly, mainly by the arrival of newcomers, but also because of the good agricultural conditions. Fate delivered further blows in the late 17th century with [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest. Only in the 18th century did an epoch of growth and strength set in, and it was then that the first [[emigration]]s were noted. In 1761, a town hall was built. In the wake of the French Revolution and the French annexation of the lands on the Rhine's left bank, the region's administrative structure was altered on 23 January 1798. Most of the ''Unteramt'' of Ulmet was assigned to the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]], the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Kusel. Ulmet became the seat of the ''mairie'' (“mayoralty”) for the villages of Ulmet, [[Erdesbach]], [[Oberalben]], [[Rathsweiler]], [[Altenglan|Altenglan, Patersbach]], [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach]], [[Sankt Julian|Eschenau and Sankt Julian with Obereisenbach]].

====Recent times====
After [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]] and the [[Congress of Vienna]], the Palatinate was awarded to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. In 1818, two [[Tilia|limetrees]] were planted at the way into the graveyard to mark the occasion of the unification of the [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] and [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] churches. Yet another town hall was built in 1823. In the years 1873 to 1875, [[Sacred Heart]] Church (''Herz-Jesu-Kirche'') was built. The [[railway]] came in 1904 with the building of the ''[[Glantalbahn]]''. [[Electricity]] reached Ulmet in 1923. ''[[Flurbereinigung]]'' was undertaken between 1968 and 1979. On 1 January 1972, the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Ulmet was dissolved and in its stead, the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan was established.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Modern history]</ref>

===Population development===
A [[census]] from the year 1490 survives and it lists 51 taxpayers for Ulmet (but not the other inhabitants). In 1609, 259 inhabitants were counted. Exact population figures for the time from 1638 to the early 19th century are unavailable. Only in 1802 was another population count and this time there were 362 inhabitants. The rise became continuous, but by the mid 19th century, the effects of emigration to the [[United States]] and Southeastern Europe had taken their toll on the population figures, which were now shrinking. Between the end of the [[Franco-Prussian War]] and the turn of the 20th century, population growth stagnated as a result of inhabitants moving away to Germany's industrial regions; it was likewise after the [[First World War]]. At the last census before the [[Second World War]], Ulmet had 754 inhabitants, and once again, there was an upward trend. Beginning in 1978, there was a temporary drop in population, but this was a bureaucratic illusion, for [[Commuting|commuters]] were counted at their workplaces, not at their homes. This was, however, followed by slight growth in population. With regard to religious affiliation, [[Protestantism|Protestants]] were the overwhelming majority in Ulmet. Over time, though, the [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] managed to increase their percentage of the population slightly. For a time, almost 10% of the inhabitants were [[Judaism|Jewish]]. The [[Jew]]s’ share of the population, however, had already begun to shrink steadily by the 19th century, mostly owing to migration to the industrial regions.

Before the Thirty Years’ War, Ulmet was the biggest municipality in the middle Glan valley, and it held this distinction into the middle of the 19th century. This can be ascribed exclusively to a sound agricultural economy. Thus, with industry's rise came a loss of status for Ulmet. After the Second World War came a drop in population, due not least of all to young people “fleeing the countryside” (''Landflucht'' in [[German language|German]]) and [[Urbanization|going to the cities]]. Counting commuters at their workplaces disadvantaged their home communities and weekend commuters’ families’ homes, too, when it came to allocating funds from investment stock and [[Taxation in Germany|income tax]] assessment.

Out of what was once purely a farming village with several well-to-do economists and many small farmers, and a relatively high number of craftsmen, grew a residential community for commuters, pensioners and employees in [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service industry]] occupations. Even the ''[[Flurbereinigung]]'' undertaken between 1968 and 1979, which cost a great amount (1,300,000 [[Deutsche Mark|DM]]), could not stop agriculture's downward slide. Only one agricultural operation in Ulmet – at an outlying homestead – still raises crops full-time. There are not even many part-time farmers. There was once livestock breeding, but that has been given up.

The following table shows population development since [[Napoleon]]ic times for Ulmet, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="600"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1802 || 1809 || 1825 || 1864 || 1875 || 1895 || 1905 || 1921 || 1939 || 1970 || 1999
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 362 || 420 || 549 || 606 || 700 || 702 || 716 || 750 || 754 || 876 || 862
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   ||   || 501 || 575 ||   || 657 ||   ||   || 832 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   ||   || 14 || 17 ||   || 38 ||   ||   || 43 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Judaism|Jewish]]''' ||   ||   || 34 || 14 ||   || 7 ||   ||   || — ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''Other''' ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1 ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
As a [[Celts|Celtic]] founding, Ulmet bears a name of Celtic origin, like Kusel (''Cosla'') and Altenglan (''Gleni''). The name of the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] is also of Celtic origin.

In a 1267 document from the Remigiusberg Monastery, the name Ulmet appears for the first time, as ''Olmone''. Other forms of the name that have cropped up over time are ''Olmut'' (1364), ''Olmüth'' (1387), ''Olmud'' (1416), ''Olmaon'', ''Olmont'' (1422), ''Olmudt'' (1436), ''Olmut'' (1446), ''Ollemont'' (1456), ''Olmud'' and ''Olmudt'' (1460), ''Olmuett'' (1477), ''Olmüt'' (1480), ''Olmeth'' (1544), ''Ulmeth'', ''Ulmüth'' (1588), again ''Olmeth'' (1634), ''Ulmeth'' (1756) and beginning about the mid 19th century, with the dropping of the H at the end (which was not pronounced anyway), the modern spelling appeared.

The outlying centre of Pielsbach over on the other side of the Glan was until the 14th century a self-administering municipality. It stretches up its namesake brook, the Pielsbach, back from the Glan, into which the brook empties. Old records show that it was named ''Pelsbach'' or ''Pilsbach'' (1364), ''Pelesbach'' (1381), ''Pilßbach'' (1433) and then finally Pielsbach (1585). The like-named brook crops up in records from the years 1585 to 1588, likewise with the name Pielsbach. Writers Dolch and Greule trace the name back to a pre-Germanic waterway name, ''Pelisa'', to which the placename ending ''—bach'' was added in German/[[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] times.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
It is understandable that within the limits of what once was Ulmet's comparatively vast municipal area, villages stood in earlier times that have now vanished. Long before the name Ulmet showed up in documents, the name ''Flurskappeln'' did, in the 11th century. It was likely a tiny village, but a village nonetheless, rather than a [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]], having as it did a [[church (building)|church]] with a rectory, the landlord's house and a servants’ house. It lay in the area where the ''Flurskapelle'', a [[chapel]], still stands today. Furthermore, the well known 1364 ''Heinrichurkunde'' (“Henry Document”) mentions Pielsbach (also Pilsbach, Pelsbach), Katzenbach, Pilgershausen, and Trudenberg for the first time. Pielsbach was a separate village, but it was merged into Ulmet during the [[Middle Ages]]; it is now described as an ''[[Ortsteil]]''. Katzenbach lay near the Glan between Ulmet and [[Erdesbach]]; records later named a mill called ''Katzenbacher Mühle''. Pilgershausen lay on the heights northeast of Ulmet, about where the Pilgerhof was founded (sometime after Pilgershausen had vanished). It is, however, hard to say where the village of Trudenberg lay. It must have been between Ulmet and Gumbsweiler, perhaps in the area of today's “Freudenwald”. All these villages had vanished by the time of the [[Thirty Years' War]]. It is certain that another centre, Brücken, which lay across the river Glan from Flurskappeln, was obliterated during that war. At one time it had some importance as the seat of a [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]] ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'', and it is now remembered as the scene of the Battle of Brücken. Documents from the 15th and 16th centuries mention [[vineyard]]s near Brücken.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
Ulmet, with its ''Flurskapelle'', was long before the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] already an ecclesiastical hub in the Glan valley. [[Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Duke Ludwig II]] began to introduce the Reformation into the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] in 1523. Belonging to the reformed parish of Flurskappeln in 1538 were the villages of Brücken (vanished), [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach]], [[Erdesbach]], Erzweiler (forsaken by its last few inhabitants in 1974 after having been incorporated into the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground by the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] in 1933), [[Sankt Julian|Gumbsweiler]], [[Oberalben]], Pielsbach (now part of Ulmet), [[Rathsweiler]], Ulmet and [[Welchweiler]]. In 1609, the parish, with the addition of Huffersweiler (later an outlying centre of Erzweiler), still had its old extent. From 1639 to 1671, [[Altenglan]] together with [[Bedesbach]] (with the vanished village of Sulzbach) and [[Bosenbach|Friedelhausen]], were united with Ulmet. From 1639 to 1652, Patersbach, too, was served from Ulmet. The reformed parish belonged originally to the Inspection of Lichtenberg, but passed to the Inspection of Limbach in 1815 and to the deaconry of Kusel in 1820. Over the course of the last two centuries, the following places have split away from the parish of Ulmet: Erzweiler (1816), Gumbsweiler (1820), Dennweiler-Frohnbach (1909), Oberalben (1920) and Welchweiler (1956), leaving only Ulmet, Erdesbach and Rathsweiler in the parish today.

The ''Flurskapelle'' is a so-called ''Feldkirche'', a “field church”, one that stands outside any village or town, in the countryside. They once served several villages as a parish church. This one was built in 1091, making it one of the oldest churches in the Glan valley. All that is now left of the original building is the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] tower. The nave that stands now is the third one on this spot. In 1124, the church had its first documentary mention in a document from the Remigiusberg Monastery as ''Capella'', although it had been mentioned before this, but in records that could not be precisely dated, even in the Polyptych of the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] in [[Reims]]. Hanging in the tower are two [[bronze]] [[Bell (instrument)|bells]]. The bigger one was poured in 1469, weighs 550 kg and has a lower diameter of 97 cm. The smaller bell was poured in 1743, weighs 255 kg and has a diameter of 78 cm. Because of their great age, both bells escaped the fate of so many churchbells in the two world wars, which were taken away to be melted down for their metal. Since 1953, the church, along with the graveyard around it with the two [[Tilia|limetrees]] planted at the entrance in 1818 on the occasion of the union of the [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] and [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] churches, has been under protection as a natural and cultural monument. Buried at the ''Flurskapelle'' graveyard were the dead from the villages of Ulmet, Rathsweiler, Erzweiler, Gumbsweiler, Welchweiler, Erdesbach, Oberalben with Mayweilerhof and Frohnbach with Frohnbacherhof, which all belonged to the parish. Over the centuries, almost all these villages split away from this group once they had their own graveyards. Nowadays, only the dead from Ulmet and Rathsweiler are buried in Ulmet's graveyard.

Even though the number of [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] in Ulmet was quite small, building work on [[Sacred Heart]] Church (''Herz-Jesu-Kirche''), a small Catholic church for worshippers from many surrounding villages, began in 1873. It stands on a small hill north of the village. The foundation stone was laid on 7 July 1873, the first bell was hung on 27 June 1875 and the festive consecration took place on 10 August 1875.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360109900.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Ulmet's mayor is Klaus Klinck.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''{{lang|de|Durch einen blauen Wellenbalken von Silber und Gold geteilt, oben ein schreitender rotbewehrter und -bezungter blauer Löwe, unten die verschlungenen Großbuchstaben A und U.}}''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: A barrulet wavy azure between argent a lion passant of the first armed and langued gules and Or the letter A surmounted by the letter U, both of the second.

An 18th-century seal from Ulmet is known – the earliest example stems from 1753 – but it represents not the village, but rather the ''Amt''. The seal displays the overlapped letters A and V, an abbreviation for ''Am(b)t Vlmet''. These same letters now appear in almost the same shape as [[charge (heraldry)|charge]]s in Ulmet's coat of arms (although the blazon says that the one on top is supposed to be a U rather than a V). The [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s in this lower half of the [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] were simply chosen by the municipality and have no historical significance. The tinctures in the escutcheon's upper half, on the other hand, are the ones that the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] used for their heraldic lion.<ref>[http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/ulmet/ Description and explanation of Ulmet’s arms]</ref> The wavy barrulet (thin horizontal stripe) stands for the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. The arms have been borne since 4 April 1979 when they were approved by the now abolished ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Description and explanation of Ulmet’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Bahnhofstraße 11 – former [[railway station]]; [[sandstone]]-framed [[Rustication (architecture)|rusticated]] building, one-floor storage hall with loading ramp, one-and-a-half-floor lavatory and stable shed, 1904
* Meisenheimer Straße 21/25 – [[Protestantism|Protestant]] rectory; building with hipped roof, 1783, architect Friedrich Gerhard Wahl, [[Zweibrücken]]
* Meisenheimer Straße – so-called ''Kappeler Brücke''; three-arched sandstone bridge with two [[Starling (architecture)|starlings]], 1784–1786, architect Peter Bell, [[Kusel]]
* Holy Cross [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Church (building)|Church]] (''Kirche Heilig Kreuz''), Meisenheimer Straße 43 – stone-block [[aisleless church]] with [[ridge turret]], [[sacristy]] addition, 1873/1874, architect Father Heimy, Brücken; two bells: 1774 by Johann Nerger and 1874
* Protestant parish church, Meisenheimer Straße 52 – [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] west tower, about 1115, [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] tent roof; Baroque aisleless church, 1737/1738; two bells: 1469 by Johann Otto, [[Kaiserslautern]] and 1743; Stumm [[organ (music)|organ]] from 1847; tomb, late 19th century by [[August Drumm]]

<gallery>
File:Ulmet Kirche.JPG|Meisenheimer Straße 43: Holy Cross Catholic Church
File:Flurskapelle mit Friedhof.JPG|Meisenheimer Straße 52: Protestant parish church (''Flurskapelle'')
File:Kapeller Brücke.JPG|Meisenheimer Straße: so-called ''Kappeler Brücke''
File:Flurskapelle in Ulmet.JPG|''Flurskapelle''
File:Ulmet Flurskapelle.JPG|''Flurskapelle''
File:Ulmet_Flurskapelle_Frontal.JPG|''Flurskapelle''
File:Ulmet Alter Friedhof.JPG|Old graveyard
</gallery>

The ''Kappeler Brücke'' was first mentioned in 1542. The newer bridge of 1748 fell victim to the Great Flood of 1784. The replacement built shortly thereafter has stood until the present day.

An 8 km-long educational path about the area's bodies of water – the ''Gewässerlehrpfad'' – runs from Ulmet to Erdesbach.

===Natural monuments===
The limetrees (or lindens, as trees of the genus ''Tilia'' are also known) growing on the way into the old graveyard are considered natural monuments.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 MSonuments]</ref>

===Regular events===
For centuries now, Ulmet has been celebrating the ''Gallusfest'' from Tuesday to Thursday after [[Saint Gall]]’s Day (16 October), one of the Palatinate’s oldest folk festivals. Formerly, all the villages that belonged to the greater parish of Ulmet celebrated this festival, but these other centres have, since splitting away from Ulmet, paid tribute to modern times, and they hold their [[kermis]]es (church consecration festivals, locally known as the ''Kerwe'') on summertime weekends. Only Ulmet has kept the old tradition of the ''Gallusfest''. Even [[Billigheim-Ingenheim|Billigheim]], which once held its ''Purzelmarkt'', which was just as old, on the same days as Ulmet’s ''Gallusfest'', has moved its festival to a weekend in the warmer months. Even if “Saint Gall’s Market” no longer holds the same meaning for the country folk that it once did, still a few thousand visitors come to the old Glan village to celebrate with friends, acquaintances and kin.

Very great popularity has been earned lately by the ''Hammelfest'' (“[[Mutton]] Festival”), held since 1981 on the second weekend in August. One can see from the [[Vehicle registration plates of Germany|licences]] borne by the cars parked at the fairground that visitors come from the whole [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]], the [[Saarland]] and the [[Frankfurt Rhine Main Region]] to this festival to pay their respects to the ''Schafhalterverein Mittleres Glantal'' (“Middle Glan Valley Shepherds’ Association”) and the Tourism Municipality of Ulmet with its widely known dining establishments and inns.

The Village Festival (''Dorffest''), held on the third weekend in June on the marketplace before the ''Gallushalle'', supposedly retains its unhurried character without having succumbed to modern hype. The marketplace is set up in a visitor-friendly way with booths occupied by the local clubs. Eating, drinking, ''[[Gemütlichkeit]]'', jollity, music and song contribute to the entertainment, and promote the sense of community in the village.

On [[Pentecost|Whitsunday]], the [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] parish celebrates its yearly parish festival at the rectory and the parish hall. Showing up here for the festivities, food and drink are not only the local parishioners but also guests from outside.

For more than two decades, the angling sport club ''Angelfreunde'' have been holding their now well known ''Fischerfest'' at their clubhouse on the “Rotenhöh” (cadastral area).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
* Angling sport club (founded in 1968)
* Countrywomen's club (founded in 1952)
* [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] women's league (founded in 1928)
* “Germania” singing club (municipality's oldest club, founded in 1862)
* [[Gymnastics|Gymnastic]] club (founded in 1863/1981)
* Local history club (founded in 1950)
* Middle Glan Valley Shepherds’ Association (founded in 1980)
* [[Nursing]] association (founded in 1949)
* Reservists’ fellowship
* [[Sport club]] (founded in 1919)
* [[Tennis]] club (founded in 1978)
* Youth wind orchestra (founded in 1967)<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Ulmet was up until [[Weimar Republic|Weimar times]] the hub for surrounding villages as seat of first the ''[[Schultheiß]]'' and then later the mayoralty. A great number of craft and other businesses could be found in the village. First and foremost, however, the village was characterized by [[agriculture]] and [[Animal husbandry|livestock breeding]] with its great, fertile municipal area. In the course of [[industrialization]], a brickworks (1890), a tannery (1872) and a machine factory (1853) located in the village in the latter half of the 19th century. The last-named business experienced a boomtime in the [[First World War]] as it manufactured weapons and munitions, employing up to 70 workers. After the war, though, it was limited to dealing in and repairing machines and devices for agriculture and business. Their own [[patent]]s for machines of the most varied kinds went unused. The business failed in 1985, as had likewise the tannery in 1957, which had made mostly upper leather and sole leather. The brickworks had gone out of business even earlier – in 1918.

After 1945, almost all business was disrupted, and even agriculture came to an end. Currently, Ulmet has only one full-time agricultural operation, and the number of part-time operations can be counted on one hand. There was a great “flight from the countryside” (''Landflucht''). Many younger inhabitants, seeking livelihoods and work in their chosen fields, moved away to the industrial centres. Those left behind sought work with the [[NATO]] forces stationed in Germany or with the [[Bundeswehr]] in [[Kusel]], [[Baumholder]], [[Ramstein Air Base|Ramstein]] and [[Kaiserslautern]]. Many [[skilled worker]]s [[Commuting|commute]] daily to jobs in the neighbouring Saarland and even as far as [[Ludwigshafen]], [[Mannheim]] or [[Heidelberg]]. Today Ulmet is a residential community for workers and employees. As a result of the municipality's recognition as a tourism community, an exemplary dining scene with attendant lodging offerings has arisen. The opening of a commercial park has allowed a few craft businesses to locate in Ulmet, and the opening of several new building areas has allowed about 50 young families to move to the village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Economic structure]</ref>

===Transport===
What is now ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 was built in the 19th century as a ''Staatsstraße'' (State Road). It formerly led right through the village, rich as it was in bottlenecks, but was, with the inhabitants’ blessing, realigned in 1937/1938 by the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] in the course of fortifying the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich's]] western border ([[Siegfried Line]]), so that it now bypasses the village. The road passing through the village was then reclassified as ''Kreisstraße'' (District Road) 29. After the [[Second World War]], the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] expanded the farm lane that led to the Mayweilerhof into the new ''Kreisstraße'' 25, with an extension going by way of [[Blaubach]] through to [[Kusel]]. To Ulmet's southwest lies the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]).

The [[railway]], which in [[German Empire|Imperial]] times had been a strategic line, was built from 1902 to 1904. The first train on this line ran on 1 May 1904. The line between [[Staudernheim]] and [[Altenglan]] no longer has any importance, with the last of the self-powered passenger trains running on the ''[[Glantalbahn]]'' on Friday 31 May 1985; goods transport also came to an end that same summer. Shortly thereafter, one of the two tracks was torn up, and even its ballast was removed, too. The [[railway station]] along with part of the railway property was sold into private ownership in 1995. Since 2000, visitors have been able to ride [[draisine]]s on the ''Glantalbahn'' – one of the two tracks is still there – between Altenglan and Staudernheim, which has led to an upturn in the tourist trade.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Transport]</ref> Part of the ''Glantalbahn'' is still in operation, and indeed the nearest station is the one in Altenglan.

===Education===
As early as 1559, the first [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] pastor who was active in Ulmet, Anton Priol (also called “the Great Priol”), built the parish school in Ulmet. Indeed, it was one of the first schools for miles around. The first teacher was the pastor's son, Abraham. All children from the villages that then belonged to the parish attended this school in Ulmet. The schoolhouse stood across from the rectory, to the right of the graveyard entrance, and was also the teacher's house. In 1624, the parish acquired a little house for 200 ''[[Goldgulden|Gulden]]'', in which classes were also held. The house's whereabouts are now unknown, but it must have been in Pielsbach. In 1778, the Kusel church administration built the ''Altes Schulhaus'' (“Old Schoolhouse”, also called ''Unteres Schulhaus'' locally, or “Lower Schoolhouse”) with a teacher's dwelling built in on Theodor-Zink-Straße. In 1865, the municipality had an extra floor built onto the house to make more room for teaching and dwelling purposes. It was in this house that the well known Palatine local historian Theodor Zink, whose father was then the schoolteacher, was born in 1871. Until 1843, Ulmet had only a [[one-room school]]house. The steadily rising number of schoolchildren, though, demanded further room for schooling. The new town hall built in 1823 was converted for this purpose and was thereafter known as ''Die große Schule'' (“The Great School”).

Even before the [[First World War]], the school's two locations were not adequate to their task. This stemmed from several factors, such as the addition of the eighth grade level, the rise in the general population (and therefore in the number of schoolchildren) and the lack of any schoolyard at either building. It was, however, a long time before anything was done about this. The new school was opened in 1958 in the village's north end, but the eight grade levels together could only use this school for a short time. Under the 1974 School Law, the old ''Volksschule'' was replaced with the ''[[Primary school|Grund-]] und [[Hauptschule]]''. Ulmet became the seat of the ''Grundschule Ulmet/Erdesbach'', with two classes sharing each of two schools in Erdesbach and Ulmet. Since 2000, all primary classes are together at the Ulmet schoolhouse, which now also has a [[kindergarten]] built onto it serving Ulmet, Erdesbach, Niederalben and Rathsweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7445 Education]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
* Theodor Zink (b. 24 September 1871 in Ulmet; d. October 1934 in Kaiserslautern) founder of the Theodor-Zink-Museum in Kaiserslautern

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Ulmet}}
*[http://www.vg-altenglan.de/?id=67 Ulmet in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.vg-altenglan.de/index.php?gid=7&menue=Kultur&oeid=107 Ulmet’s ''Flurskapelle''] {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.vg-altenglan.de/index.php?gid=7&menue=Veranstaltungen Upcoming events in Ulmet] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Theisbergstegen

2024-12-14T07:24:57Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen Theisbergstegen.jpg → File:DEU Theisbergstegen COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa =DEU Theisbergstegen COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|31|06|N|7|26|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Theisbergstegen in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 244
|area = 5.01
|postal_code = 66871
|area_code = 06381
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 098
|mayor = Stefan Klein<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Theisbergstegen''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The village of Theisbergstegen, which grew together from the two former villages of Theisberg and Stegen, lies on both sides of the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] in the bottom of the dale at an elevation of some 209 m above [[sea level]]. On the Glan's right bank (Theisberg), the southwest slope of the [[Potzberg]] with its extensive forest within municipal limits – and a [[castle]] that is now nothing more than a heap of stones in the woods – rises up steeply to an elevation of 480 m above sea level. Theisberg itself sits on this slope. Left of the Glan looms the 368 m-high Remigiusberg with its [[castle]] ruin and church, presenting a picturesque view, which was immortalized as long ago as the early 19th century in a now famous steel [[engraving]]. The two historic buildings, however, stand within neighbouring [[Haschbach am Remigiusberg|Haschbach's]] municipal limits. The Glan valley here narrows sharply between the slopes of the Potzberg and the Remigiusberg, which are quite close together. Stretching south from the Remigiusberg is the valley of the Röderbach, which near Theisbergstegen empties into the Glan. Stegen spreads across this likewise narrow side valley and also along the long ridge that stands between the two dales. Running alongside the river Glan are ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 423 on the right bank and the [[railway]] on the left. The outlying centre of Godelhausen also lies in the Glan valley, with the Potzberg and the Remigiusberg right across the river on the other side, on the outliers of Wackenhübel and Röderwald that edge the Glan valley on the west. The built-up area lies on the comb of a high ridge that drops off smoothly into the dale, while also forming the southern flank of another side valley, through which two more brooks flow on their way to empty into the Glan. Buildings are grouped loosely about a staggered crossroads formed by Bergstraße (“Mountain Road”) coming down the slope and Hauptstraße (“Main Street”) running over the dale's western flank.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Theisbergstegen’s location]</ref><ref>[http://www.theisbergstegen.eu/Geschichte.htm Theisbergstegen’s location]</ref> The municipal area measures 501 ha, of which 128 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Theisbergstegen’s municipal area]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Theisbergstegen borders in the north on the municipality of [[Altenglan]], in the northeast on the municipality of [[Rutsweiler am Glan]], in the east on the municipality of [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Matzenbach]], in the south on the municipality of [[Rehweiler]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Etschberg]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Haschbach am Remigiusberg]]. Theisbergstegen also meets the municipality of [[Rammelsbach]] at a single point in the north.

===Constituent communities===
Theisbergstegen's ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' are Theisberg, Stegen and Godelhausen.

===Municipality’s layout===
Today's ''Ortsteil'' of Theisbergstegen was originally made up of three villages, Theisberg (Deinsberg) on the Glan's right bank and Oberstegen and Unterstegen over on the left bank, all of which have now grown together. As early as 1715, Theisberg and Stegen were merged into a single municipality. The village as a whole still has the outward appearance of an agricultural structure, which defined life well into the 20th century. In the former Theisberg, people settled mainly along the village thoroughfare (''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 423). Next to that, over time, parallel streets arose, one of which runs up to the mountain, reaching the former Theisberg [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] school and the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] parish church. The latter building stands on a former graveyard and has its beginnings in the [[Middle Ages]]. It has, however, undergone many changes, especially with the addition of a steeple during the 20th century. A bridge links Theisberg to Stegen, whose old village core stands along Kuseler Straße in the Rödelbach valley. The newer housing developments, meanwhile, stretch along the Glan, especially on Schulstraße (which rather unsurprisingly, for its name is [[German language|German]] for “School Street”, leads to a school, although this is in outlying Godelhausen) and on Bahnhofstraße (“Railway Station Street”). The development along the road to Godelhausen is bit by bit being built up. On the mountain slope at the side of Kuseler Straße stands the [[Art Nouveau]] former [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] rectory with its built-on [[chapel]]. The [[railway station]] is found north of the Glan bridge. The sporting ground lies in the north of the former village of Stegen. Far outside the village on the slope of the Potzberg, somewhat hidden, lies the Deinsberg Castle ruin, nowadays known as ''Alte Burg'' (“Old Castle”).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Theisberg and Stegen===
''Deinsberge'' (Theisberg), which lies east of the river Glan, had its first documentary mention in 992. Stegen, which lies across the river, on the other hand, arose later and was not mentioned until 1364 as ''Stegin''. Theisberg was the seat of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Deinsberg-Reichenbach and belonged until the early 14th century to the [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''Reichsland'') around [[Kaiserslautern]]. As in [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg|Kübelberg]] and [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], it could be that a [[castle]] was built at Theisbergstegen in [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Barbarossa's]] time to safeguard the western frontier; it also, as “Deinsburg”, gave a family of lesser nobility its name. After a newer castle, the Michelsburg, was built on the Remigiusberg, the older one was called, fittingly enough, ''Alte Burg'' (“Old Castle”). Stegen still belonged to the ''Remigiusland'' and more locally to the ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' of Pfeffelbach. In 1600, the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] [[Cession|ceded]] the village to its sideline Palatinate-Veldenz, who assigned it to the ''Schultheißerei'' of Reichenbach in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Lauterecken.

On 10 July 1715, the village of Theisberg was merged with the village of Stegen. In the early 19th century (1802), there were 144 inhabitants living in Theisbergstegen, whose numbers climbed to 228 persons in 60 households by 1867. Today, 392 people live in Theisbergstegen's main centre (not counting Godelhausen).

The historical built-up area can be found near the church, in the area around the mill at the bridge across the Glan and north of the Rödelbach on the slope of the Remigiusberg. Standing in Theisberg in the mid 19th century were mostly great, individual estate complexes, for instance, the huge ''Quereinhaus'' (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street) at Hauptstraße 17 and the ''Quereinhaus'' built in 1835 at Friedhofweg 7/9, whereas over in Stegen stretched a whole row of small, even tiny, properties. Between the two villages stood the village mill, which had been rebuilt in the 18th century, and which in 1868 was converted, and run in the early 20th century as a sawmill. The [[weir]] that lay before the mill, like the old bridge, has since disappeared. In the latter half of the 19th century, a fire engine hall was built in Theisberg at the foot of Kirchstraße (near no. 2 on that street).

===Godelhausen===
The village of Godelhausen, nowadays an ''[[Ortsteil]]'' of Theisbergstegen, had its first documentary mention in 1364 as ''Godelsauwe''. It belonged to the ''Schultheißerei'' of Pfeffelbach in the ''Oberamt'' of Lichtenberg. Before the [[Thirty Years' War]], in 1609, there were 56 people here in 15 households. By 1675 – the war had ended in 1648 – only three families had settled once again in Godelhausen. In 1677 the village was destroyed once again in the [[Franco-Dutch War]]. In the early 19th century (1802), there were 98 inhabitants living in Godelhausen, whose numbers climbed to 217 persons in 44 households by 1867. Today, 329 people live in Theisbergstegen's outlying centre of Godelhausen. Standing in Godelhausen in the mid 19th century were a few great ''Quereinhäuser'' (plural of ''Quereinhaus''), standing mostly in a row, gable-to-gable, along Bergstraße. Although a number of estates with forward gables had already been springing up along the road that leads to Theisbergstegen, the village actually first began spreading out from the [[school]]house, built in 1829, towards the south. Only in the early 20th century did the built-up area spread northwards across the brook. The oldest building still standing in the village is the dwelling wing of a former ''Quereinhaus'' (Hauptstraße 33), which was built in 1769. The rest of the buildings in Godelhausen today have a 19th-century appearance. At Hauptstraße 67 stands the Godelhausen Mill, which was renovated in 1788 and in 1903 converted to a waterworks for [[Kusel]] according to plans by Regional Master Builder (''Bezirksbaumeister'') Kleinhans.<ref>[http://www.theisbergstegen.eu/Geschichte.htm Theisbergstegen’s history]</ref>

===Antiquity===
The Potzberg area was already settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], to which [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds bear witness. There have never been any confirmed [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] finds within Theisbergstegen's current limits. However, potsherds and bones from prehistoric times have supposedly been found, although their origins, and even their current whereabouts, are now unknown. Also apparently found was a “Gaulish coin”, which has disappeared. There was a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] settlement whose whereabouts are no longer known, but it has yielded [[cremation]] graves, unearthed in the course of building work, and two pieces of stone in the outer wall masonry at Saint Peter's Church (''Peterskirche'') that are [[spolia]] from grave monuments. Two pieces of a ''Viergötterstein'' – a [[Jupiter Column]] base – that until 1834 were to be found in the church's quire are now kept at the ''Historisches Museum der Pfalz'' (Historical Museum of the Palatinate) in [[Speyer]].<ref>[http://www.theisbergstegen.eu/Geschichte.htm Theisbergstegen’s history]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
According to old descriptions, the area on the Glan's left bank lay in the ''Remigiusland'' while the area on the Glan's right bank lay in the free [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''Reichsland'') around [[Kaiserslautern]]. Thus the village of Stegen belonged to the ''Remigiusland'' while the village of Theisberg belonged to the Imperial Domain. Just when the two villages were founded nobody can say. Certainly, though, Theisberg is older than Stegen. Theisberg's 992 first documentary mention was in a document issued by [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Otto III]] in which Bishop Hildibald of [[Bishopric of Worms|Worms]] transferred to Count Wolfram the tithes from all the bishopric's holdings in the wooded lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank against which the bishopric took ownership of commodities in the area of the villages of [[Altenglan]] and ''Deinesberge'' (Theisberg). This, however, does not seem to make much sense, and it would also seem that the Bishop of Worms took liberties in this deal to which he was not entitled. Whatever the truth is, a village named Deinsberg near a castle of that same name already existed at the time that the document was issued. Indeed, it might have been founded centuries earlier. In the free Imperial Domain around Kaiserslautern, to which Theisberg belonged, though, the record shows no episcopal holdings. What the record does show, however, is that Theisberg was not only an ecclesiastical centre but also the seat of an ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' in an ''Unteramt'' of the free Imperial Domain, possibly taking turns in that function with [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]].

It is likely that Stegen had not yet arisen by 992. Since the so-called ''Remigiusland'' was always endangered by neighbouring [[Edelfrei|free nobles’]] encroachment, it was given over in the early 12th century to Count Gerlach from the [[Nahegau]] as a lordly protectorate, a ''[[Vogt]]ei''. It was at this time that the Monastery on the Remigiusberg came into being, and it can be assumed that until this time, the area had been governed by a branch of the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] in [[Reims]]. Count Gerlach, out of his own holdings and the ''Vogteien'' that he held over extensive ecclesiastical holdings, founded the [[County of Veldenz]], to which, right from the beginning, Stegen belonged, whereas Theisberg across the Glan – that is, the border – remained in the free Imperial Domain. In 1345, there was a change in the territorial arrangement when Count Georg I acquired by pledge the ''Amt'' of Reichenbach or Deinsberg (its name depended on where the seat happened to be at any given time), within which lay Deinsberg (Theisberg). This swept the Glan border away, and both Theisberg and Stegen found themselves under the same lordship, albeit for now within different ''Unterämter''. In 1364, Count Heinrich II's son, also named Heinrich – indeed he later became Count Heinrich III of Veldenz – lived together with his young wife Lauretta of [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]] at [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Lichtenberg Castle]]. All villages that then belonged to the Veldenz ''Unteramt'' of Altenglan had to pay tribute to this young comital couple. Accordingly, Count Heinrich II had a document drawn up that listed every village in what was then the ''Unteramt'' of Altenglan, including Stegen. In 1444, Count Friedrich III, the last Count of Veldenz, died. His daughter Anna had been married to Count Palatine Stephan since 1409. He took his inherited holdings from the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] and the County of Veldenz that Anna had just inherited and combined them to found a new County Palatine, known in the fullness of time as the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]].

===Modern times===
In 1543, in the so-called Treaty of Marbach, Duke Wolfgang of Zweibrücken transferred to his uncle Ruprecht lands for the founding of his own County Palatine. These were the village of [[Veldenz]] on the [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]], [[Lauterecken]] and the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Ämter]]'' of Jettenbach and Reichenbach (Deinsberg). The new County Palatine, which later also included [[La Petite-Pierre|Lützelstein]] (now called La Petite-Pierre) in [[Alsace]], bore the name Palatinate-Veldenz, and later Palatinate-Veldenz-Lützelstein. At first, the only residence town was Lauterecken, but later Lützelstein, too, grew into another residence town. The founding of this new County Palatine once again put a border along the river Glan, even as Count Palatine Ruprecht lived at the Michelsburg ([[castle]]) on the Remigiusberg. Theisberg and Stegen were once again split asunder. Through the so-called [[Recess (Holy Roman Empire)|Recess]] of Meisenheim in 1600, though, the villages of [[Haschbach am Remigiusberg|Haschbach]] and Stegen, too, passed to Palatinate-Veldenz-Lützelstein, putting Theisberg and Stegen under the same lordship once more, and indeed it would only be just over a century before the two villages were lastingly united into one municipality.

In the meantime, wars ravaged the land: the [[Thirty Years' War]] and the wars with [[France]] under [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV]]. As in all the villages around [[Kusel]], the two villages on the Glan suffered losses among their inhabitants. The County Palatine of Veldenz-Lützelstein died out in the late 17th century, which triggered disputes over ownership of the defunct county's holdings between Palatinate-Zweibrücken and the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]]. It was in the midst of these disputes, in 1715, that Theisberg and Stegen were united into one municipality. In the so-called Mannheim Compromise of 1735, Palatinate-Veldenz-Lützelstein was assigned to the Electorate of the Palatinate. In 1788, the geographer Goswin Widder wrote of Theisbergstegen, now in the Electorate of the Palatinate ''Oberamt'' of Lauterecken: “Deinsberg and Stegen together make up a municipality and are commonly written Theisberg-Stegen. … In both [[Hamlet (place)|hamlets]] one counts no more than 25 families, 130 souls. Nevertheless, 1 church, 1 rectory, 2 schools, 22 townsmanly and mean houses are on hand.”

====Recent times====
The [[French Revolution]] swept the old order of [[Feudalism|feudal]] lordships away. After the founding of the [[France|French]] [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]] with its capital at [[Trier]] in 1801, Theisbergstegen lay in the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Kusel in the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld. In the [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] time that followed, the village first belonged to the ''Landkommissariat'' of Kusel and took turns with Godelhausen as seat of a ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“mayoralty”).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Theisbergstegen’s history]</ref>

The municipality that exists today was newly formed on 7 June 1969 out of the municipalities of Theisbergstegen and Godelhausen as a result of administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]].<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/nach_themen/verlag/verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis 2006, Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110046/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/nach_themen/verlag/verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}, Seite 197 (PDF)</ref>

===Population development===
Both Theisberg and Stegen were originally farming villages, but in the latter half of the 19th century, the number of working families was already growing quickly with the opening of the quarries on the Remigiusberg. Working families moved to the village, which explains why the population rose so quickly, and also partly why the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] share of the population also swelled, from its original 20% to 40% in the mid 20th century. Even before this, Stegen had grown in the 18th century to be the bigger of the two villages. Today, neither [[agriculture]] nor stone quarrying employs many workers. Theisbergstegen has grown into a residential community for people of the most varied professions, of whom only a few actually work in the village, and who often must [[Commuting|commute]] far to their jobs. The proportion of pensioners in Theisbergstegen is relatively high.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Theisbergstegen, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Theisbergstegen’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="400"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1825 || 1833 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 2003 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 208 || 200 || 240 || 323 || 445 || 545 || 774 || 716
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' || 43 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 197 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' || 165 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 348 ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The name Theisbergstegen is a fusion of two villages’ names, Theisberg and Stegen. The name Theisberg, first mentioned as ''Deinesberge'' in a 992 document from [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Otto III]], might have been an earlier name for the Potzberg, on whose slope a [[castle]] and a village arose. The ending ''—berg'' still means “mountain” in [[German language|Modern High German]], and as for the syllable prefixed to it, writer Martin Dolch traces this to a personal name, ''Degin'' or ''Dagin''. An earlier writer, [[Kreimbach-Kaulbach#Sons and daughters of the town|Ernst Christmann]], interpreted the first part of name as ''Donar'', particularly as the village's church was consecrated to [[Saint Peter]] (''see'' “[[Donar's Oak]]”). Other forms of the name that have been used are: ''Denesberc'' (1219), ''Deynsberg'' (1221), ''Denisberg'' (1253), ''Deusberch'' (1309), ''Deinßberg'' (1567), ''Theisberg'' (1788), ''Deinsberg'' (1822).

The name Stegen first appears as ''Stegin'' in a well known document from 1364 from Count Heinrich II of Veldenz, according to which the dwellers of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'' of Altenglan-Ulmet had to lend material support to the young Count Heinrich and his wife Lauretta. It dealt with the settlement by a small bridge that led across to the village of Theisberg. The name also crops up later, with only the odd minor variation.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Theisberg’s and Stegen’s names]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
Rural cadastral names in the area point to a village named Wetzenhausen, although this lay within Haschbach's current limits. Other vanished villages are unknown.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Vanished villages (or rather lack thereof)]</ref>

==Religion==
Saint Peter's Church (''Peterskirche''), the church of Theisberg (''Deinsberg''), functioned as early as the [[High Middle Ages]] as the hub of a great parish that reached east of the Glan from [[Nanzdietschweiler|Nanzdiezweiler]] over to Mühlbach, within which there were branch churches in [[Bosenbach]], [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] and [[Niedermohr]]. Also grouped into this parish was the village of Stegen in the ''Remigiusland'', which belonged to the church on the Remigiusberg. Meanwhile, Saint Peter's Church in Theisberg can be regarded as one of the oldest churches in the Glan valley. It was considerably older than the church on the Remigiusberg and without a doubt was preceded by a wooden structure. The first stone building might have arisen at the turn of the 12th century. While other churches were remodelled from the ground up in the time of [[Gothic architecture]], Saint Peter's Church in Theisberg underwent conversions in almost every subsequent style epoch. The original steeple was said to be in disrepair at the end of the [[Second World War]] and was thus torn down in 1945 and then replaced with a new one in 1954.

Even after the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], little in the church's organization changed at first. The Reverend Johannes Röber (from [[Rehborn]]), at first still a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]], was mentioned in a 1538 church Visitation protocol as “[[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] pastor on the Petersberg”. Other [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] pastors in these early times were Gottfried Sutoris and Johannes Limbach, the last Abbot of [[Disibodenberg]], who had also already worked as a Lutheran pastor in [[Odernheim am Glan]]. While the Lutherans of the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] [[Forced conversion|had to]] [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Calvinism]] in 1588 on Duke Johannes I's orders, this change did not come off in the County Palatine of Veldenz-Lützelstein. Since the inhabitants of Stegen were only [[Annexation|annexed]] to Veldenz-Lützelstein in 1600, they were obliged to reconvert to Lutheranism, since the conversion to Calvinism had been completed in the intervening twelve years. Stegen now likewise belonged to the parish of Theisberg. After the [[Thirty Years' War]], the principle of ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]'', which had, among other things, brought about the bizarre series of forced conversions in Stegen, was abolished, and once again, Catholic settlers could be found in the villages. Catholics’ numbers were further swollen during the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] rule and by the arrival of Catholic newcomers in the industrial age. In 1724, the [[Protestantism|Protestants]] and Catholics came to an agreement to share the churches. The Lutherans from throughout the parish got Saint Peter's Church, whereas the Catholics got the former monastery church on the Remigiusberg. The priest's lonely life up on the mountain was not always easy for him, and at the turn of the 20th century, the wish arose within the Catholic parish to move the seat to Theisbergstegen. This came about in 1909 when the Catholic rectory and its [[chapel]] were consecrated. The Evangelical church of Theisbergstegen remained, until the 1818 Palatine Union, tied to [[Martin Luther|Luther's]] teachings.

Today, roughly 60% of Theisbergstegen's inhabitants are Evangelical and roughly 40% are Catholic. Also belonging to the Theisbergstegen Evangelical parish within the Evangelical deaconry of Kusel are the villages of Haschbach and Etschberg. The Catholics regained their own parish in 1744. Belonging to today's Catholic parish of Remigiusberg, whose seat is in Theisbergstegen, within the Catholic deaconry of Kusel are the Catholics of Etschberg, Haschbach, Matzenbach and Altenglan.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Religion in Theisbergstegen]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360309800.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Theisbergstegen's mayor is Stefan Klein.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''In Silber durch einen blauen Wellenbalken geteilt, oben rechts eine goldbelegte, rote Mitra, oben links wachsend ein unbekleideter Wassermann in natürlichen Farben mit goldenem Haar, aus einem roten Krug blaues Wasser ausgießend, unten auf grünem Dreiberg eine blaue Kirche mit goldenen Fenstern und goldenem Kreuz.''<ref>[http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=18 Arms’ blazon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421032840/http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=18 |date=2008-04-21 }}</ref>

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Argent a barrulet wavy azure, in dexter chief a mitre gules garnished Or, in sinister chief issuant from the barrulet a waterbearer unvested proper crined of the fourth pouring water of the second from a jug of the third, issuant from base a mount of three vert upon which a church of the second with windows and cross of the fourth.

The [[mitre]] is a reference to the Bishops of Reims, the former owners of the ''Remigiusland'', within which the formerly self-administering municipality of Stegen and the outlying centre of Godelhausen lay. The waterbearer is a [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] drawn from Godelhausen's unofficial coat of arms; the meaning is unknown, but the waterbearer appeared on a Godelhausen village seal as early as 1775.<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Godelhausen Godelhausen’s unofficial arms]</ref> The church is a reference to Saint Peter's Church (''Peterskirche'') in the formerly self-administering municipality of Theisberg.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Description and explanation of Theisbergstegen’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>

====Theisbergstegen (main centre)====
* [[Protestantism|Protestant]] parish church, Kirchstraße 31 – Remnants of a [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] [[aisleless church]], 1833/1834, architect Johann Schmeisser, [[Kusel]], thoroughly converted; unplastered tower, 1954, architect Chief Government Building Officer (''Oberregierungsbaurat'') Gollwitzer, [[Kaiserslautern]]; bell from 1430
* Kirchstraße 23/25 – former [[school]]; one-floor building with gable roof, 18th century, small building with hipped roof, 1843, commercial wing 1878
* Moorstraße 17 – ornately designed door with skylight, marked 1785, inscription tablet
* Zum Felsenwald 2 – [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] rectory; building with hipped roof on [[Rustication (architecture)|rusticated]]-stone pedestal, one-floor [[chapel]] addition, 1908/1909, architect Regional Master Builder (''Bezirksbaumeister'') Kleinhans; characterizes village’s appearance

====Godelhausen====
* Bergstraße 2 – stately three-sided estate, 1870/1871; building with half-hipped roof, two-gated barn
* Bergstraße 4 – ''Quereinhaus'' (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street) with half-hipped roof, possibly from the earlier half of the 19th century, expansion in the last third of the 19th century
* Bergstraße 11 – [[sandstone]]-framed plastered building on stone-block pedestal, barn marked 1898; original fencing, farmhouse garden
* Hauptstraße 47 – former school; building with half-hipped roof and [[ridge turret]], 1829, expansion in the latter half of the 19th century, pigsty 1902

===Regular events===
Theisbergstegen’s [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) is a three-day-long festival held on the last weekend in September.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Regular events in Theisbergstegen]</ref>

===Clubs===
[[File:BuchwaldhütteTheisbergstegen.JPG|thumb|The ''Buchwaldhütte'']]
The singing club was founded in 1897. The ''Spielvereinigung'' (“playing league”) came into being in 1946 and supports several [[Association football|football]] teams through lively youth work. A [[Gymnastics|gymnastic]] club, which was founded after the [[First World War]], can be seen as this club's forerunner. Likewise in the 1920s, a shooting club was founded. The ''Landfrauenverein'' (“countrywomen’s club”), founded in 1975, too, had a forerunner in the farm housewives’ club, founded in 1898. Also founded in 1975 was the ''Pfälzerwaldverein'' (“[[Palatinate Forest]] Club”), a [[hiking]] club. It maintains a cabin in the Buchwald (forest), the ''Buchwaldhütte''. The newly founded ''Förderverein Pfalz-Veldenz'' (“Palatinate-Veldenz Promotional Club”) has its seat in Theisbergstegen.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Clubs in Theisbergstegen]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Transport===
[[File:Bahnhof Theisbergstegen.JPG|thumb|Theisbergstegen station]]
Running through Theisbergstegen, linking it to the national road network, is ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 423 ([[Sarreguemines]]–[[Mandelbachtal]]–[[Altenglan]]). Within the village itself, ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 362 branches off linking the village by way of Haschbach with Kusel. [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s near Kusel and [[Glan-Münchweiler]] lie some 10 km away. The village lies on the one-track [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]] and there are hourly trains at the [[Railway station|station]] throughout the day, namely [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67 between [[Kaiserslautern Central Station|Kaiserslautern]] and [[Kusel station|Kusel]], named ''[[Glan Valley Railway|Glantalbahn]]'' after a former railway line that shared a stretch of its tracks with the Landstuhl–Kusel railway, including Theisbergstegen station. The [[railway]] also serves to ship away the crushed [[Porphyry (geology)|porphyry]] quarried on the Remigiusberg.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Transport in Theisbergstegen]</ref>

===Economic development===
Theisberg and Stegen were originally held to be farming villages, even if the slopes of the Potzberg and also the steep sides of the Remigiusberg in the Glan valley here were not considered particularly fertile. Better yields were to be had from fields on the floodplain, on the less steep slopes elsewhere in the Glan valley and in the Röderbach valley. A more important economic factor was the one first mentioned in 1543: the mill. Over time, this was run as a gristmill, an oilmill or a sawmill, sometimes at the same time. Shortly before the turn of the 20th century, the mill burnt down; it was built again in 1900 in sober style. Already by the 18th century, the Potzberg mines were offering the populace jobs, as too were the quarries on the Remigiusberg's eastern slope by the 19th century. In 1862, the government in [[Speyer]] gave its approval for the opening of a quarry, which began work forthwith, although in the beginning it was not run very efficiently. In 1877, a few quarrymen opened another quarry under their own management, which did better for a time, until the [[Second World War]] broke out. Even so, it opened again after the war. Small and midsize businesses have located in the municipality, such as excavating and rubble transport, an automotive workshop, a hairstylist, a [[filling station]], a tanning salon and racing businesses.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Theisbergstegen’s economic development]</ref>

===Public institutions===
The municipality has a multipurpose hall.

===Education===
The efforts in the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] dating from the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] to further schooling throughout the duchy, supported an independent interpretation of the [[Bible]], disrupted by the war-filled times of the 17th century. A few schools existed, taught the year round, but were only found in larger towns. Smaller centres like Theisbergstegen, for the most part, had to make do throughout the 18th century with winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare), in which the winter school teacher would hold classes during the colder months, only to seek another livelihood in the warmer ones. Such an arrangement was to be found in Theisbergstegen.

By the early 19th century, though, there was a [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]-[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[school]] in the village on Kirchstraße, below the Evangelical rectory, and then there was the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] schoolhouse on the Glan's right bank near the bridge. Some things are also known about relations between teachers and the villagers. There was, for instance, a dispute between a teacher and a father in the early 20th century. The father claimed that the teacher had [[Caning|caned]] his son too hard and he furthermore offered up various insults to the teacher. The teacher then successfully sued his pupil's father for defamation, prompting the father, for his part, to lodge a complaint against the teacher for having caused bodily harm, but he was let off with only a warning. In 1955, the municipality built a “central school” in Godelhausen, where at first all [[primary school]] and [[Hauptschule]] students from Theisbergstegen were taught. Since the 1970 general school reform, this building serves strictly as a primary school for several villages in the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel. Hauptschule students now attend classes on the Roßberg in Kusel. Other kinds of schools, such as [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]], [[Realschule]], ''Berufsbildende Schulen'' (vocational training schools) and ''Förderschulen'' ([[Special education|special schools]]), are also represented in Kusel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7589 Education in Theisbergstegen]</ref>

The municipality has one [[kindergarten]] and one [[primary school]].

==Famous people==
[[File:Paul Tremmel.jpg|thumb|Paul Tremmel]]

===Sons and daughters of the town===
* Paul Tremmel (1929–{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}), Palatine dialect poet

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080421032840/http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=18 Theisbergstegen in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.theisbergstegen.eu/index.htm Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Schellweiler

2024-12-13T06:18:44Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen Schellweiler.jpg → File:DEU Schellweiler COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa =DEU Schellweiler COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|30|52.15|N|7|23|29.21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Schellweiler in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 290
|area = 4.31
|postal_code = 66869
|area_code = 06381
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 091
|website = [http://www.schellweiler.de/ www.schellweiler.de]
|mayor = Matthias Doll<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Schellweiler''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in the Bledesbach valley, which stretches from Schellweiler to [[Wahnwegen]] along the highway between [[Kusel]] and [[Glan-Münchweiler]]. The valley is also known locally as the ''Saubeeretal''. Forty-seven hectares of the municipal area's 431 ha is wooded. Schellweiler is a clump village. The bottom of the valley lies roughly 280 m above [[sea level]], and the land rises upwards on three sides. Only to the north does it remain even. The most heavily built-up area is on the eastern slope on the brook's right bank, more than 300 m above sea level, at about the same elevation as the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]), which passes by. The built-up area reaches an elevation of about 320 m above sea level. The highest elevation within municipal limits is the top of the Kreuzberg at 402 m above sea level. The village's structure could already be seen in a village plan from 1807, which showed two threads of building development coming from the south on the slopes on both the river's left and right banks. Until 1980, this did not change. Up to 1939, building expansion could also be observed within the village. The most marked expansion came about after 1945, farther towards the slopes, but also northwards in the dale. The Petersgraben new building zone has been fully developed since 1996. All together, 60 new buildings, among them three built as multi-family dwellings, arose after the [[Second World War]] to make a total of roughly 160. Since 1985, Schellweiler has been recognized as a village renewal community. The former farming and working-class community has now become almost exclusively a residential community for [[Commuting|commuters]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geschichte von Schellweiler |url=https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=regionalgeschichte.net}}</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Schellweiler borders in the north on the town of [[Kusel]], in the northeast on the municipality of [[Haschbach am Remigiusberg]], in the east on the municipality of [[Etschberg]], in the south on the municipality of [[Hüffler]], in the west on the municipality of [[Konken]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Ehweiler]].

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Schellweiler is the outlying homestead of the Dellwieserhof.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Reference to the Dellwieserhof]</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
The construction of the [[Trier]]-[[Landstuhl]] [[Autobahn]] ([[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]]) in 1970 brought with it a great drawback. It cut through the western half of Schellweiler's municipal area north to south for 1.8 km, thus bringing many villagers, and the dwellers of the Dellwieserhof, too, a great deal of [[noise pollution]]. There was yet another drawback: the Autobahn meant that the municipality could never spread out westwards. From 1980 to 1986, “classic” ''[[Flurbereinigung]]'' was undertaken, bringing along with it an ample network of country lanes. It was pleasing that the rural cadastral toponyms – field names – many of which were centuries old, were preserved after the ''Flurbereinigung''. Some of these refer to former owners (Hinter Peter Braunen Haus, Davidswiesen), to the crops planted there (''Bremmenfeld'', ''Bangert'' – originally ''Baumgarten'', meaning “forest nursery”), the lie of the land (''Dellwies'', which means “dent meadow”) or the soil's makeup (''Steinling'', ''Klopp'', both referring to stony ground). The ''Flurbereinigung'' also brought along with it the advantages of a fairground with a [[Association football|football]] pitch, a grilling pavilion and a landscaped pond in the middle of the village as recreational lands. This low-lying land in the dale had been a boggy patch of ground before, between the upper and lower village. Also worthy of mention is that the municipal area in the north and east, along the heights, is crossed by the so-called [[Roman roads|Roman road]] leading from [[Kusel]] to [[Herschweiler-Pettersheim]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
An old road that runs by some 1.5 km east of the village is believed to have been a [[Roman roads|Roman road]]. Near this road in 1957, a [[Celts|Celtic]] grave was unearthed. [[Archaeology|Archaeological]] analysis revealed it to be a woman's grave from the time about 500 BC. The strip-field near the grave bears the name ''Heidenhübel'' (''Heiden'' [[Cognate|shares an etymology]] and a meaning with “heathen”).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
In 1277, Schellweiler had its first documentary mention as ''Schulrebure''. Schellweiler lay in the ''Remigiusland'', which belonged from the [[Early Middle Ages]] to the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] first to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Bishopric of Reims]] and then later to the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] at [[Reims]]. From 1127 to 1444, the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] held the ''[[Vogt]]ei'' over this area. In 1444, the County of Veldenz met its end when Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] wed [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father's title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], within whose sovereign area Schellweiler now found itself.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1552, the County Palatine acquired the ''Remigiusland'' through purchase, and thus Schellweiler remained until 1797 a village in what was now the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, belonging to the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Lichtenberg and the ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' of Pfeffelbach. In the [[Thirty Years' War]], Schellweiler was laid waste. In 1675 – the war had ended in 1648 – there were only three families with 25 persons, as against 18 families with 86 persons in 1609, well before the war broke out. The populace also had to suffer in the [[Franco-Dutch War]] under [[France|French]] [[Military occupation|occupation]] in 1675 and 1676. The same happened in the [[French Revolution]] and the ensuing [[Napoleon]]ic times. In this later period of French rule between 1801 and 1814, Schellweiler belonged to the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Kusel in the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
In 1816 under the [[Congress of Vienna]], the [[Rhine]]’s left bank, and thereby Schellweiler too, were [[Cession|ceded]] to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. Bavaria’s new [[exclave]] was thereupon subdivided into ''Landkommissariate'' (now ''Landkreise'', or [[Districts of Germany|districts]]). The ''Landkommissariate'' were further subdivided into cantons (''Kantonen''), and these were yet further subdivided into ''Bürgermeistereien'' (“mayoralties”). Beginning at this time, Schellweiler belonged to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' of Kusel, and has even remained in the now ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel, which was formed in 1972. Worthy of note among stories from the [[Second World War]] is the migration of four local families to [[Alsace-Lorraine|Lorraine]] as part of a [[Nazi Party|Nazi]] attempt to [[Germanisation|Germanize]] the region conquered by [[Adolf Hitler]]’s [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]]. In 1953, the belltower was installed on the schoolhouse roof. The populace was rather disturbed in 1953 and 1954 by the [[United States|Americans’]] shooting exercises right near the village, which resulted in damage to some houses. In 1955, a public bath was opened. From 1980 to 1986, Schellweiler undertook ''[[Flurbereinigung]]''. In 1989, the schoolhouse was converted into a village community centre. Misfortune befell Schellweiler in November 1994 when nine young people, among them three men born in Schellweiler, were killed when their van was crushed by an [[Semi-trailer truck|articulated transport truck]] at a construction site on the [[Autobahn]] while they were on their way to work. In 1995, Schellweiler placed second at the district level in the contest ''Unser Dorf soll schöner werden'' (“Our village should become lovelier”).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Schellweiler’s history]</ref>

===Population development===
The oldest record dealing with Schellweiler's inhabitants themselves dates from 1480. Lordly taxation rolls that year listed 12 families in May and 13 at harvest time. This works out to roughly 50 to 55 inhabitants. The first detailed list of inhabitants, in the 1609 ecclesiastical Visitation protocol of the ''Oberamt'' of Lichtenberg, names 86 inhabitants in 18 families. On 31 December 1969, the 584 inhabitants’ age groups broke down thus:
*0—20: 33.60%
*20—60: 57.35%
*60—∞: 20.02%

There were population losses as a result of the [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618-1648), [[emigration]] to the [[United States]] between 1830 and 1900 (80 persons are known to have done this), both world wars (17 fallen in the [[First World War]]; 35 fallen and 20 [[Missing in action|missing]] in the [[Second World War]]) and falling birthrates and migration in the 1970s. Since the 1980s, however, there has been stronger population growth spurred by the village's proximity to the district seat of [[Kusel]].

The following table shows population figures for Schellweiler over the ages:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Schellweiler’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1675 || 1802 || 1857 || 1895 || 1910 || 1939 || 1950 || 1970 || 1980 || 1996 || 2005
|- align="center"
| '''Inhabitants''' || 25 || 209 || 356 || 435 || 457 || 513 || 541 || 567 || 498 || 550 || 584
|}

===Municipality’s name===
Local historian [[Kreimbach-Kaulbach#Sons and daughters of the town|Ernst Christmann's]] interpretation of the village's name, Schellweiler, was that it has nothing to do with either a bell (''Schelle'') or a [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] (''Weiler''). The village's first documentary mention came in 1277 in a document from Remigiusberg Abbey, in which a ''Conradus dictus Busche de Schulrebure'' is named, that last word being the village's name then. Other names that Schellweiler has borne over the ages are ''Sullbure'' (1289), ''Scholwijlre'' (1290), ''Schilwiler'' (1446), ''Scelwillr'' (1458), ''Schelwilre'' (1460), ''Schelweiler'' (1587) and ''Schöllweiler'' (1677). As for the name's meaning, Christmann suggested the following: The ending ''—{{lang|gmh|bure}}'' in the 1277 name is an old word for "building" or "house". The first part of the name is from [[Middle High German]] ''{{lang|gmh|sölve}}'', ''{{lang|gmh|solve}}'', ''{{lang|gmh|sulve}}'', and has something to do with the [[German language|Modern High German]] word ''{{lang|de|Söller}}''. Although this word's modern meaning is "balcony", it is meant to be understood as "loft". Thus, the name as a whole is to be taken to mean "house with a loft". Originally, the provost's [[tithe barn]] may have stood here. As the years went by and the name was no longer understood, the beginning of the name shifted to ''Schill—'' or ''Schell—''. Moreover, in imitation of many nearby placenames, the ending shifted to ''—weiler''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Municipality’s name]</ref>

==Religion==
According to the records in the Kusel [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] Church's books, Schellweiler belonged to the Kusel church as early as 1567. From 1635 to 1640, records are missing owing to the devastation that the [[Thirty Years' War]] wrought upon [[Kusel]] and the surrounding municipalities. Beginning with the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], the people were exclusively [[Protestantism|Protestant]], and only about the turn of the 18th century were there once again [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] living in Schellweiler. Living in the village in 1837 were 341 Protestants and 15 Catholics. In 1904, though, out of 126 inhabitants, only one was Catholic. This situation changed, however, especially after 1945, with immigration and intermarriage. Living in the village in 1996 were 454 Protestants and 62 Catholics. Originally, both denominations buried their dead in Kusel. Only in 1870 did Schellweiler open its own graveyard. By decree from the [[ecclesiastical polity]] in [[Speyer]] on 1 April 1956, the [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] congregation was split away from Kusel and assigned to the parish of Hüffler-Wahnwegen. There was some disquiet in Schellweiler over this new arrangement. Today there are fortnightly church services at the village community centre. Catholics attend church services in [[Hüffler]] and along with parishioners there belong to the parish of Kusel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360309100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

For the 1997 budgetary year, the administrative budget was 544,950 [[Deutsche Mark|DM]], and expenditures and revenues amounted to 148,190 DM.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Administrative budget]</ref>

===Mayor===
Schellweiler's mayor is Matthias Doll.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''In Blau eine silberne Schelle mit goldenem Knopf und goldenem Klöppel.''

Alternatively, the word ''Knopf'' can read ''Griff'', depending on the source, but both refer to the bell's handle.

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Azure a handbell argent, handle and clapper Or.

Some sources, including regionalgeschichte.net<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7584 Alternate coat of arms]</ref> and Heraldry of the World<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Schellweiler Alternate coat of arms]</ref> show a different coat of arms (the latter shows both side by side). This one is gules a bell Or. That is to say that the field [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] is red rather than blue, and the bell [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] itself is gold rather than silver. The clapper is not of a different tincture, and there is a cannon (that is, fastening ring) at the top of the bell instead of a handle.

The arms were inspired by an old municipal seal that appears next to [[Etschberg]]’s seal in a document dated 22 March 1729. The arms have been borne since 3 October 1983, when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Description and explanation of Schellweiler’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Regular events===
Until a few years ago, Schellweiler still had the peculiar Western Palatine custom known as the ''Pfingstquack'', observed at [[Whitsun]] (''Pfingsten'' in [[German language|German]]; see the [[Henschtal]] article under [[Henschtal#Regular events|Regular events]] for more about this). A [[St. Martin's Day|Saint Martin’s Day]] parade is still held on 11 November. Among folk festivals, Schellweiler still has its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival). This was formerly held on the second Sunday after [[Michaelmas]] (29 September). When a hall was no longer available for it at that time of year, it was moved to the fourth Sunday in July, and has been celebrated since then as a ''Zeltkerwe'' (“tent kermis”). A village festival is held each year on a date earlier than the kermis. Every other year, all are invited to a seniors’ celebration.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Regular events]</ref>

===Culture===
From 1964 to 1973, Schellweiler had a municipal [[library]], but owing to lack of interest, it closed. Participation in cultural activity is made easy in Schellweiler by the facilities for such activity in nearby district seat of [[Kusel]]. The Fritz-Wunderlich-Halle in Kusel, a multipurpose hall, is only 3 km away from Schellweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Culture]</ref>

===Clubs===
Schellweiler's oldest club and cultural sponsor is the Cultural Association (''Kulturgemeinschaft''), a singing club founded in 1908. Worth noting is the partnership with the singing club in [[Mellenbach-Glasbach|Mellenbach]] in [[Thuringia]]. This has existed since 1990, and each year there are reciprocal visits. Another important cultural sponsor is the Schellweiler Music Club, which was founded in 1969 and currently has more than 30 active members. The countrywomen's club offers interesting presentations, demonstrations, sightseeing and outings throughout the year. All three clubs contribute what they can to the staging of village or church events. Important for the village's youth is the [[sport club]], founded after the [[Second World War]]. Other clubs are the volunteer [[fire brigade]], the fire brigade promotional association, a “village pond” interest group, an [[1. FC Kaiserslautern|FCK]] fan club and a [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] local chapter (since 1977).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
In bygone days, a mill that was built in 1709 stood in the Hiflergrund (rural cadastral area). From 1845 to 1852, 1 838 t of [[coal]] was mined at the Hohlbach colliery between [[Hüffler]] and Schellweiler. An attempt at coal mining in 1950 was soon given up. A further colliery on the Wenzelberg did not have a very great yield (in 1838 some 35 t). The greater part of the population, well into the 19th century, earned their living at [[agriculture]]. Alongside farming there were also a few handicrafts. Since 1945 particularly, there has been a thorough shift in economic focus. Today, people find employment in [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service-sector]] businesses, administration and industry in [[Kusel]], [[Kaiserslautern]] and the [[Saarland]]. Schellweiler's lone remaining farm run as a primary income earner grows [[potato]]es, [[Food grain|grain]] and [[beetroot]]s for sale or livestock fodder. Businesses in the village include a [[cabinetry]] shop, two [[inn]]s, an artistic blacksmith's shop, an autobody shop, a [[bicycle]] shop, a grocery shop with a branch [[bakery]] and a branch [[butcher]]’s shop.

The following table shows the shift in occupational structure in Schellweiler in the latter half of the 20th century:
{| class="wikitable" width="300"
! Year || '''1950''' || '''1964''' || '''1996'''
|- align="center"
| '''Farms''' (main income earner) || 23 || 8 || 1
|- align="center"
| '''Farms''' (secondary income earner) || 35 || 15 || 3
|- align="center"
| '''Miners''' || 60 || ~30 || 0
|- align="center"
| '''Bricklayers''' || 45 || ~20 || 10
|- align="center"
| '''Ironworkers''' || 10 || 0 || 0
|- align="center"
| '''Quarrymen and stonemasons''' || 10 || 0 || 0
|- align="center"
| '''Construction companies''' || 1 || 1 || 0
|- align="center"
| '''Plastering shops''' || 0 || 1 || 0
|- align="center"
| '''Raiffeisen storehouses''' || 0 || 1 || 0
|}<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
According to the first documentary mention of schooling in Schellweiler, in 1713, schoolchildren from [[Wahnwegen]], Schellweiler and [[Hüffler]] were taught in Wahnwegen. In 1726, the government of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] granted Hüffler leave to be the location of the school that was to be built for all three villages. In 1755, there were 30 schoolchildren from Schellweiler attending this school. In 1782, approval was granted for Schellweiler to set up a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare). In 1792 it was teaching 28 pupils. Only in 1834 did Schellweiler get its own schoolhouse, thereby ushering in regular schooling. When this schoolhouse, in which the schoolteacher also had to live, became too small, the [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Royal Bavarian]] Government approved the construction of a new one-floor building in 1884. This was given an upper floor in 1929, and served as a schoolhouse until 1987. With interruptions in wartime (namely the [[Second World War]]) and the immediate post-war years, the school was run with two classes, with level-1 to level-4 pupils in one and level-5 to level-7 (or level-8) pupils in the other. On 1 December 1966, a ''Mittelpunktschule'' (“midpoint school”, a central school, designed to eliminate smaller outlying schools) opened in [[Kusel]], and Schellweiler schoolchildren in levels 7 and 8 began attending that. Nevertheless, there were then still two classes at the Schellweiler school, reorganized as level-1 to level-3 pupils in one and level-4 to level-6 pupils in the other. On 1 August 1970, a [[Hauptschule]] opened for the whole ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', and then only [[primary school]] pupils remained at the Schellweiler school. To avoid a drop in schooling quality, it was not long before the primary schools from both Schellweiler and Hüffler were put together. This new combined school's location was nominally Hüffler, though one class was still housed at Schellweiler. The permanent solution then came with the formation of the Bledesbachtal primary school in Hüffler, with Wahnwegen's involvement in 1972. One of this school's classes was “farmed out” to Schellweiler until 1987, whereafter the building was free for other uses. In 1989, it was converted into a village community centre and dedicated in December of that year. There is thus no longer any kind of educational institution in Schellweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Education]</ref>

===Transport===
To the south runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]) and the [[interchange (road)|interchange]] at Kusel lies only some 3 km away. For years now, the villagers have been trying to institute some kind of noise control measure to deal with the [[noise pollution]] generated by the Autobahn. Kusel, [[Glan-Münchweiler]] and [[Homburg, Saarland|Homburg]] can all be easily reached from Schellweiler by bus, with routes running over ''[[Kreisstraße]]n'' and ''[[Landesstraße]]n''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/pfalz/staedte-doerfer/orte-s/schellweiler/geschichte.html Transport]</ref> Serving [[Kusel]] is a [[Kusel station|railway station]] on the ''[[Glantalbahn]]''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.schellweiler.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Rutsweiler am Glan

2024-12-12T05:17:42Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Rutswappen-klein.gif → File:DEU Rutsweiler am Glan COA.svg GIF → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Rutsweiler am Glan COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|31|39.677|N|7|27|18.256|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Rutsweiler am Glan in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 210
|area = 1.59
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06381
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 089
|website = [http://www.rutsweiler-glan.de rutsweiler-glan.de]
|mayor = Joachim Sander<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Rutsweiler am Glan''' is an {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]]. Rutsweiler am Glan is one of two places in the Kusel district named Rutsweiler. The other is [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]], lying some 13 km to the east-northeast.

==Geography==

===Location===
Rutsweiler am Glan lies in the Kusel ''[[Musikantenland]]'' (“Minstrels’ Land”) in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] at the foot of the [[Potzberg]] on the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan's]] right bank in a north-south direction along ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 423 ([[Altenglan]]–[[Glan-Münchweiler]]–[[Sarreguemines]]). The valley floor lies at an elevation of 207.0 to 203.3 m above [[sea level]]. The ground rises steeply up towards the Potzberg's summit to the east. The hilliness and the soil's poor quality hinder any intensive use. Living in the municipality are 371 inhabitants in an area of 159 ha, of which 144 ha is woodland, cropland and meadowland.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Rutsweiler am Glan borders in the north on the municipality of [[Altenglan]], in the east on the municipality of [[Föckelberg]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] and in the south and west on the municipality of [[Theisbergstegen]].

===Municipality’s layout===
As can be seen on the 1850 village map, the built-up part of Rutsweiler am Glan was once concentrated loosely around the village [[Water well|well]] in the middle of the village. Until the late 1950s, the village's expansion thrust mainly to the north and south along Hauptstraße (“Main Street”). Only when new building zones were opened did the village begin spreading towards the Potzberg. All together, 65 new buildings arose after the [[Second World War]]. Out of what was originally a workers’ village with [[Agriculture|farming]] as a secondary occupation has today grown into almost exclusively a residential community for [[Commuting|commuters]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Rutsweiler am Glan is among the Middle [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] Valley's oldest villages. Before and during [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, the area was settled by [[Celts]]. After the Romans withdrew, [[Franks|Frankish]] settlers came thrusting into the land.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Antiquity]</ref><ref>[http://www.rutsweiler-glan.de/geschichte/ortsgeschichte.html Rutsweiler’s history]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Rutsweiler's founding may have happened in the 7th or 8th century when territorial changes took place with the donation of the ''Remigiusland''. The prevailing version of the story about the donation of the ''Remigiusland'' by Frankish king [[Clovis I]] to the Bishop of Reims on the occasion of Clovis's baptism and [[Religious conversion|conversion]] along with 3,000 other Franks in 496, has been called into question by historians, and is interpreted in various different versions. Undisputed, however, is that the donation, in whatever year it took place, went into effect very early on and the formerly kingly Imperial Domain passed into ecclesiastical ownership. The river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] thereby became a border, with all the villages on the right bank, from [[Rehweiler]] to [[Altenglan]] still held by King [[Charlemagne]] (768-814). After the [[Treaty of Verdun|division]] of the [[Carolingian dynasty|Carolingian Empire]] in the 9th century, the Rutsweiler area became a German domain, whereas the ''Remigiusland'' remained under ownership of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]]. Endless disputes over [[Order of succession|succession]] as well as over borders led to continual friction between the secular rulers and the Church of [[Reims]]. Even the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], who from 1072 to 1444 ruled as two separate lordly families, who held considerable power in the Rutsweiler area and who bore responsibility for security in the ''Remigiusland'' as ''[[Vogt|Schutzvögte]]'', were no exception to this general rule. Their quest for broadened power eventually brought them the ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' of Reichenbach, to which Rutsweiler then belonged, in the form of an [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] pledge. Together with the parish of Deinsberg, Rutsweiler am Glan originally belonged to the [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''Reichsland'') around Lautern ([[Kaiserslautern]]). Going by Rutsweiler am Glan's first documentary mention in 1303, it can be inferred that the village then found itself as a so-called Imperial pledged holding in the hands of the ''Land[[vogt]]'' of the [[Speyergau]], Count Georg I of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]]. In 1444, the County of Veldenz met its end when Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] wed [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father's title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Middle Ages]</ref><ref>[http://www.rutsweiler-glan.de/geschichte/ortsgeschichte.html Rutsweiler’s history]</ref>

===Modern times===
New territorial changes came by 1524, as manifested in the 1543 Treaty of Marburg, which established the Principality of Palatinate-Veldenz-Lützelstein. Among other things, this resulted in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Bosenbach, to which Rutsweiler, [[Altenglan|Mühlbach]], [[Föckelberg]], [[Matzenbach|Gimsbach]], [[Theisbergstegen|Deinsberg]] and a number of other nearby places belonged, being incorporated into this new state, thereby making the Glan a border from Altenglan to [[Glan-Münchweiler|Bettenhausen]] between Palatinate-Veldenz and Palatinate-Zweibrücken jurisdiction. There were border disputes, although these were resolved peacefully by a series of treaties in 1600 and 1607. Rutsweiler, together with the other places around the Potzberg, was transferred to [[George Gustavus, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Count Palatine Georg Gustav]]. With [[Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Count Palatine Leopold Ludwig's]] death in 1694, the family Palatinate-Veldenz died out in the male line after four generations. There was, of course, a dispute over who would inherit his “orphaned” estate, but it ended with the [[Settlement (litigation)|Settlement]] of [[Mannheim]] on 24 December 1733. The ''Schultheißerei'' of Reichenbach, which included Rutsweiler, would henceforth belong to [[Electorate of the Palatinate|the Palatinate]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Modern times]</ref><ref>[http://www.rutsweiler-glan.de/geschichte/ortsgeschichte.html Rutsweiler’s history]</ref>

====Recent times====
The rather haphazardly chosen borders, though, held true for none too long. No sooner had the [[French Revolution]] reached full swing than it spilt over into the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] in 1792. In the fighting that followed, the [[France|French]] defeated the Austrian-Prussian alliance, and all sovereign boundaries on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were swept away. The administration of the conquered areas was reorganized according to the French Revolutionary model. During the [[France|French]] [[Military occupation|occupation]] between 1801 and 1814, the village belonged to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Neunkirchen am Potzberg, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Landstuhl, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Deux Ponts (Zweibrücken) and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). Under the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris]] (30 May 1814), the Palatinate passed to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. The ''Landcommissariat'' of Kusel (as of 1862 the ''Bezirksamt'' of Kusel) consisted of the cantons of Kusel, Lauterecken and Wolfstein. Rutsweiler was grouped into this last canton and was administered by the Mayoralty of Neunkirchen until 1825, and then by the Mayoralty of Mühlbach from 1826 to 1853. After a petition in 1829, the municipality, together with Mühlbach and [[Bedesbach]], was transferred out of the canton of Wolfstein on 1 January 1836 and into the canton of Kusel by reason of the better accessibility under this arrangement. Beginning in 1853 and until 1972, Rutsweiler belonged to the Mayoralty of either Godelhausen or Theisbergstegen. In 1845, the village got a schoolhouse. In 1899, it was given an upper floor and a belltower. Between 1893 and 1903, four trial bores were made on the Potzberg, two within Rutsweiler's limits, by prospectors seeking [[coal]]. On 15 May 1908, the waterworks (a cistern and a watermain) were brought into service. Electric light came to the village in 1921. On [[Christmas Eve]] 1944, the village was [[Strategic bombing|bombed]] by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]; two civilian villagers were killed. On 19 March 1945, [[United States]] troops took Rutsweiler am Glan. After the [[Second World War]], the memorial at the graveyard was dedicated in 1953. A new schoolhouse was dedicated on 24 November 1962. In the course of administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], Rutsweiler was grouped into the then newly founded [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]] in 1972. Rutsweiler was granted [[Coat of arms|arms]] in 1978. In 1986, Rutsweiler am Glan participated in the contest ''Unser Dorf soll schöner werden'' (“Our village should become lovelier”), winning second place at the district level.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Recent times]</ref><ref>[http://www.rutsweiler-glan.de/geschichte/ortsgeschichte.html Rutsweiler’s history]</ref>

===Population development===
On 30 June 1997, the population's age breakdown in Rutsweiler am Glan was as follows:
*19 or younger: 19%
*20–59: 59%
*60 or older: 32%

The oldest known listing of the population comes from a 1594 taxation roll for the ''Mey Bedt'', or “May tax”, which lists 13 people who were liable to taxation, suggesting a total population of 50 to 55 inhabitants. Rutsweiler's losses in the [[First World War]] amounted to four fallen, and in the [[Second World War]], 22 fallen in battle, killed in the village's one air raid or [[missing in action]]. Despite the many new houses, the population level has been stagnant for at least 30 years, and more recently seems to have been shrinking. Underlying this may be the declining birthrate, or perhaps a drop in numbers of people moving to the village. The local dialectal speech, which included [[French language|French]] expressions, has largely died out now, and older villagers only ever still use it now and then, or can at least interpret it.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Rutsweiler am Glan, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Rutsweiler am Glan’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1790 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1986 || 1997 || 2005
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 72 || 142 || 139 || 156 || 203 || 297 || 368 || 393 || 372 || 378
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   || 13 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 21 ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   || 129 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 344 ||   ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s names===
Rutsweiler is one of the oldest villages in the Middle [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] Valley. [[Kreimbach-Kaulbach#Sons and daughters of the town|Ernst Christmann]] presumed that the name quite possibly went back to the personal name ''Hruod'' (later ''Ruod''). This man, Ruod – whoever he was – was surely one of the first (perhaps ''the'' first) to live at what is now the village of Rutsweiler am Glan. The village's name has undergone spelling changes quite a number of times, having formerly been known as ''Rützweiller'' in 1590 and ''Rudtsweiler am Glan'' about 1835. Other forms known to history are ''Routzweiler'', ''Rutzweyler'' and ''Rußwilre''. In June 1303, Rutsweiler had its first documentary mention. The actual document says: “Count Georg of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]] (''Veldentie'') gives his consent for Sir Heinrich, son of the knight Godebert of Zweibrücken (''de Geminoponte''<ref>“ Zweibrücken” literally means “two bridges” in German, and this Latin rendering, “Geminoponte” (in the ablative; presumably “Geminuspons” in the nominative) means “twin bridge”.</ref>), to bestow upon his wife Lyse his Veldenz fief in ''Rußwilre'' and lying around the mountain Deynesperg. – ''Datum anno domini 1303 post octavas Trinitas''.” In other words, it was a widow's estate for his wife. Unfortunately, this document has gone missing, and despite intensive searching, it has not turned up in any state archive. There also seems to be some confusion as to the spelling used therein, with another source rendering it ''Ruzwilre''.<ref>[http://www.rutsweiler-glan.de/geschichte/ortsgeschichte.html Rutsweiler’s history]</ref>

The Potzberg may well derive its name from the word ''Putsch'', but not in the meaning in which the [[German language|Modern High German]] word ''[[Coup d'état|Putsch]]'' is generally understood today. Rather, it is a form of the word ''Busch'', [[cognate]] with the [[English language|English]] word “bush”, and thus the name would mean a mountain with bushy growth on it.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Municipality’s name]</ref>

The river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] flows through the village from south to north. Its name is likely of [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] origin. One story, though, has it that it draws its name from the fish ''Silurus glanis'' (the [[wels catfish]] or sheatfish).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 River’s name]</ref>

==Religion==
Rutsweiler am Glan has never had its own [[church (building)|church]]. The villagers were formerly almost exclusively [[Protestantism|Protestant]], and thus their religious past was always the same as for the church at Deinsberg ([[Theisbergstegen]]) on the Potzberg, whereas the [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] always belonged to the parish of St. Remigius am Remigiusberg. The first breakdown by religion comes from the year 1802, according to which the population was made up of 9 Catholics, 99 [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]] and 9 [[Calvinism|Calvinists]]. In 1837, it was 11 Catholics and 138 Protestants. According to the latest statistics from 1986 and 1997, the share of [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[Christianity|Christians]] had shrunk from 82% to 76%, while the Catholic share of the population remained steady at 12%. Some 10% of the villagers now belong to another religious community besides these two, or they acknowledge membership in none.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360108900.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Rutsweiler's mayor is Joachim Sander.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''{{lang|de|Auf grünem Dreiberg in Silber rechts ein blaues Merkurium-Zeichen, darüber ein ebenfalls blauer Reichsapfel, links ein rotbewehrter und rotbezungter blauer Löwe.}}''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Argent issuant from base a mount of three vert, dexter a globus cruciger and a mercury symbol in pale, both azure, and sinister a lion rampant of the same armed and langued gules.

The arms group together [[charge (heraldry)|charge]]s representing the village's history. Rutsweiler's past as part of the ''Reichsland'' (Imperial Domain) and various Palatine lordships is symbolized by both the [[globus cruciger]] (called a ''Reichsapfel'' in the German blazon, “Imperial apple”) and the lion, both of which are shown in the [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s borne by the [[County of Veldenz]]. The local mountain, the Potzberg, is represented by the mount of three, a charge known in [[German heraldry]] as a ''Dreiberg''. The [[mercury (element)|mercury]] symbol recalls the former quicksilver mining within municipal limits. The arms have been borne since 27 September 1978 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.rutsweiler-glan.de/geschichte/wappen.html Description and explanation of Rutsweiler’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Hauptstraße 74 – former fire engine house; one-floor plastered building with jutting gable roof and [[ridge turret]], possibly from the latter half of the 19th century

===Regular events===
Among folk festivals in Rutsweiler am Glan, the [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, held on the third Sunday in September) has survived, but is no longer considered important. Beginning in 1985 and for several years thereafter, a village festival was held on the second weekend in August. Dwindling attendance and people’s unwillingness to volunteer their help for the event brought about council’s decision to suspend the event for the time being. The municipality invites those aged 65 or older to a seniors’ celebration each year in December.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Rutsweiler am Glan's club life can still be said to be lively, even though all clubs in the village suffer from the dearth of new, younger membership. The oldest club and cultural sponsor is the singing club, which was founded in 1904, and had to suspend its singing activities during both world wars. After the [[Second World War]], the club started back up as a mixed [[choir]]. The conversation club, founded in 1950 stages [[theatre]] productions with periodic interruptions. The countrywomen's club, founded in 1973, distinguishes itself by offering activities such as [[cooking]], [[sewing]] and [[handicraft]] courses.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
The greater part of Rutsweiler am Glan's population worked even into the 1950s at the stone quarries around the Remigiusberg. [[Agriculture]] was worked as a secondary occupation, for the scant soil never would yield up plentiful crops. Since that time, there has been a great shift in the economic base, and most villagers nowadays work in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector]], administration and industry in [[Kusel]] and in the [[Kaiserslautern]] area. Most of the fields now lie fallow. Among independent businesses in Rutsweiler today are a [[bakery]], a [[trout]] [[Fish farming|farming]] business, a building firm and an electrical installation firm. From 1893 to 1901, two deep-boring operations were undertaken on the Potzberg, whose purpose was to explore for the presence of [[coal]]. Even after two more exploratory bores in other municipalities, the results were unsatisfactory.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
In 1844, Rutsweiler am Glan got its first schoolhouse. Until then, schoolchildren had been attending denominational schools in [[Theisbergstegen]]. The building, which stood apart from others for its great size, also housed the teacher's dwelling. Even so, the thoroughly inadequate facilities forced the municipality to add an upper floor in 1897. During the [[Second World War]], schooling was reduced bit by bit, and schoolchildren had to go to either Theisbergstegen or Godelhausen again. Rising numbers of children drove the municipality to build a new schoolhouse in 1960, this one with a separate teacher's dwelling. It was dedicated in November 1962. The forecast of having made a great investment for the future did not last very long, only ten years. With the end of the 1970/1971 school year, schooling was ended at the village school. Ever since, [[primary school]] pupils have been attending classes in Theisbergstegen while [[Hauptschule]] students have been going to [[Altenglan]]. Other types of [[secondary school]], such as [[Realschule]] and [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]], are available in [[Kusel]]. In 1988, the schoolhouse, which had stood empty for almost two decades, was converted into a village community centre.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Running through Rutsweiler is ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 423 ([[Altenglan]]–[[Glan-Münchweiler]]–[[Sarreguemines]]). Besides this road, which runs along the village's length, Rutsweiler am Glan has five local streets, all of which but Wingertstraße are linked with each other as well as with ''Bundesstraße'' 423, also known locally as Hauptstraße (“Main Street”). It was also formerly known as Moorstraße, whose first syllable refers to ''Moor'' in the word's more usual [[German language|German]] meaning of “low-lying wetland”. This old name likely owes itself to the street's lying right near the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]], a river known for often flooding its banks, which were not secured in any way, and were boggy at the best of times. Furthermore, the [[peat]] that was cut in the [[Landstuhl Marsh]] was sometimes shipped along this road. The local streets are all named for the cadastral areas through which they pass.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7580 Transport]</ref> To the southwest runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). Serving [[Altenglan station|Altenglan]] and [[Theisbergstegen]] are [[railway station]]s on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.rutsweiler-glan.de Municipality's official webpage] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.altenglan.de/index.php?gid=21 Rutsweiler am Glan in the collective municipality's webpages] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.swr.de/hierzuland-rp/archiv/index.html Brief portrait of Rutsweiler am Glan with film] at [[SWR Fernsehen]] (''Hierzuland'') {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rutsweiler Am Glan}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Rathsweiler

2024-12-11T04:52:38Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Rathswei.jpg → File:DEU Rathsweiler COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Rathsweiler COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|35|52.95|N|7|27|30.52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Rathsweiler in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 200
|area = 4.24
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06387
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 081
|mayor = Siegmund Steiner<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Rathsweiler''' is an {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies near the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. Rathsweiler lies in the Glan valley near where the Steinalb empties into the Glan at an elevation of 187 m above [[sea level]] and at the foot of the Hohlbusch (403 m) and the Nollkopf (402 m). Within the village itself, elevations range from 195 to 220 m above sea level. The municipal area measures 425 ha, of which 116 ha is wooded and roughly 10 ha is settled. In 1987, 160 ha of land was sold to the Federal Republic and it now belongs to the Baumholder troop drilling ground.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Rathsweiler borders in the west and north on the [[Baumholder]] troop drilling ground, in the east on the municipality of [[Niederalben]] and in the south on the municipality of [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]].

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Rathsweiler is the outlying homestead of Christoffelsmühle.

===Municipality’s layout===
Originally, the village lay along the [[Zweibrücken]]–[[Meisenheim]] cross-country road as a linear village (by some definitions, a “thorpe”). Rathsweiler's original characterization as a thorpe, however, was later lost in the expansion that the village underwent in the 19th and 20th centuries. These expansions lie on the road known today as ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 and in a new building zone in the village's southwest. A row of old ''Einfirsthäuser'' (“houses with a single roof ridge”) or ''Quereinhäuser'' (combination residential and commercial houses divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street) along the former village street is said to be a special cultural monument featuring preserved farmhouses that were typical of the Westrich, an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and [[France]]. The ''Christoffelsmühle'', an old [[watermill]], lies roughly 1 km from the village core in the village's north end on the Steinalb, and can be reached only along a farm lane and forest path, or an indirect road from the neighbouring village of [[Niederalben]]. The [[waterwheel]] is still running even today.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
The area around what is now Rathsweiler was already settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], bearing witness to which are [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds from the neighbouring villages of [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]] and [[Niederalben]]. Beneath the Hohlbusch, many bricks have been unearthed, a clue that there might once have been a [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] [[villa rustica]] here. A [[Roman roads|Roman road]] also once ran right by this place.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Just when Rathsweiler was founded is something that cannot be pinpointed now, but the village is surely rather older than its 1364 first documentary mention. From the beginning, it lay within the ''Remigiusland'', over which the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] held the ''[[Vogt]]ei'' beginning in 1246. According to Michael Frey, the name cropped up as early as 1362 in connection with disagreements between the Counts of Veldenz and the Rhinegraves. It goes without saying that the original documents outlining these details have been lost, for according to Dolch and Greule (writing more than a century later), Rathsweiler's first documentary mention came in 1364. According to this document, which Count Heinrich II of Veldenz issued for his son Heinrich III and his wife [[Loretta of Sponheim|Loretta]] of [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]] – who lived at [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Castle Lichtenberg]] – the inhabitants of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'' of Altenglan-Brücken had to contribute to this couple's needs. Heinrich III later became Count of Veldenz, ruling the county from 1371 to 1389. Loretta – also called Lauretta – came from the comital House of Sponheim-Starkenburg. In 1444, the County of Veldenz met its end when Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] wed [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father's title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1526, the County Palatine of Zweibrücken introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the municipal area became known for the Battle of Brücken (''Schlacht von Brücken''), Brücken being a now vanished village (''not'' the [[Brücken, Kusel|like-named place]] elsewhere in the district). The scene was set for this event when a [[Spain|Spanish]] campaign coming from [[Rockenhausen]] into the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] valley invaded and was pursued by [[Sweden|Swedish]] troops under Rhinegrave Otto's command. The Spaniards camped near Brücken, and on the morning of 25 May 1632, a heavy storm struck. After the storm, the Swedes surprised the Spaniards with a sudden attack on their camp, and set all 1,500 of them to flight. All the Spaniards’ supplies fell into the Swedes’ hands. There came more campaigns in the years that followed. All villages on the Middle Glan were destroyed, as was the town of [[Kusel]]. Only a very few people survived the onslaught, and Rathsweiler was no exception. Until the [[French Revolution]], there was no change in the local lordships.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
After [[French Revolution|Revolutionary]] [[France]] had [[Annexation|annexed]] the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank, Rathsweiler lay in the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Ulmet, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Kusel, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]]. The village also remained tightly bound with [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]] after it was united with the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] after [[Napoleon]]’s defeat and the new political order laid down by the [[Congress of Vienna]]. It now belonged to the ''Landkommissariat'' (later ''Bezirksamt'', then ''Landkreis'' or “district”) and Canton of Kusel and the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Ulmet in the ''bayerischer Rheinkreis'', later known as ''Rheinpfalz'' (“Rhenish Palatinate”), a Bavarian [[exclave]]. In the early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) became quite popular in Rathsweiler. In the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], 18.3% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, but by the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 62.8%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. Only after the [[Second World War]] was there yet another meaningful change in the territorial arrangement. In the course of administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] that began in 1968, Rathsweiler became an {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} within the [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]] in 1972.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
In days gone by, Rathsweiler was mainly characterized by its [[Agriculture|farming]] population, although there were [[Day labor|day labourers]], [[Mining|miners]] and [[quarry]]men. There were hardly any craftsmen, though. Today, on the other hand, there are only a very few farmers who actually work the land as their main livelihood, and most people in the workforce must [[Commuting|commute]] to jobs outside the village. Thus, the population is a heterogenous group, some of whom are elderly. Empty houses are, however, usually occupied before long. In the 19th century, a few [[Jew]]s lived in Rathsweiler, but they had left the village before the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] came to power in 1933.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Rathsweiler, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Rathsweiler’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1802 || 1825 || 1837 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1970 || 1974 || 1996 || 2005
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 102 || 153 || 198 || 207 || 187 || 189 || 193 || 163 || 167 || 193 || 176
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   || 8 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   || 138 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 189 ||   ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Judaism|Jewish]]''' ||   || 7 ||   ||   ||   ||   || – ||   ||   ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The village's name, Rathsweiler, has the common [[German language|German]] placename ending ''—weiler'', which as a standalone word means “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]” (originally “homestead”), to which is prefixed a syllable ''Raths—'', believed to have arisen from a personal name, ''Rado'', suggesting that the village arose from a homestead founded by an early [[Franks|Frankish]] settler named Rado. The village's first documentary mention came in 1364 and rendered the name ''Raitzwijlre''; the vanished village of Brücken also had its first documentary mention in this same document. Over the ages, the village has borne, among other names, ''Ratzwilre'' (1377), ''Raytzßwilre'' (1416), ''Raitzwilre'' (1454) and ''Ratzwillr'' (1456 and 1588). Now and then, the names Nieder-Ratsweiler and Ober-Ratsweiler crop up (“Nether” and “Upper”). The name in its current spelling first appeared in 1824. The name Christoffelsmühle for the outlying mill goes back to a milling family named Christoffel, who owned the mill in the 19th century. Indeed, the mill had already been mentioned as far back as the 16th century, in 1568, as the mill before the ''Reisenfels'', meaning before the “riven” or “broken” crag, which throughout the area was taken to refer to this mill.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
The village of Brücken – not the same place as the [[Brücken, Kusel|Brücken]] in the same district, just north of [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] – lay between Rathsweiler and [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]] on the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan's]] left bank, near the so-called ''Kappeler Brücke'' ([[bridge]]). In the [[Middle Ages]], this place was for a time the seat of a [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]] ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]''. It became well known during the [[Thirty Years' War]] for the Battle of Brücken, fought in 1632. The village itself was utterly destroyed, and nobody ever came to settle it again. Brücken had its first documentary mention in 1364 as ''Brucken undir deme Fluseberge'' ([[German language|Modern High German]]: ''Brücken unter dem Flussberg'', meaning “Brücken under the River Mountain”). Later, [[vineyard]]s near Brücken were also mentioned. Later documentary mentions rendered the name ''Brucken'', ''Bruchen'' or ''Bricken''. This former village's name, derived from the German ''Brücke'' (“bridge”), refers to a Glan crossing near the Ulmet country [[chapel]], and thus bears witness to a bridge spanning this river at a very early time.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
From days of yore, Rathsweiler belonged to the parish of Flurskappeln, now known as Ulmet. When the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was introduced by the Counts Palatine of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]], the population [[Religious conversion|converted]] to the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] faith. However, beginning in 1588, [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Johannes I]] [[Forced conversion|forced]] all his subjects to convert to [[Calvinism|Reformed]] belief as espoused by [[John Calvin]]. The difference between Luther's and Calvin's teachings should be briefly explained. An example of Lutheran teaching is the concept that man does not find his way to God simply by doing good works, but only through belief (''[[sola fide]]''). Calvinist teaching, on the other hand, holds that man's fate is [[Predestination (Calvinism)|predetermined]] by God, and that the faithful can fulfil this predetermination and must submit themselves to strict [[church discipline]] through obedience and diligence, and by forgoing worldly pleasures. Disobedience to God, however, is the way to [[hell]] ([[double predestination]]). After the [[Thirty Years' War]], when other denominations were once again allowed, the populace remained overwhelmingly Reformed, or after the 1818 [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Union, [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]. Until after the [[Second World War]], the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] share of the population was roughly 2%. Only very recently has this risen to roughly 10% with the arrival of more Catholics from elsewhere. In the 19th century, a few [[Judaism|Jews]] lived in Rathsweiler. In 1996, the population breakdown by religious affiliation was 126 Evangelicals, 19 Catholics, 15 who had no affiliation and 33 who belonged to other faiths.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360108100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Rathsweiler's mayor is Siegmund Steiner.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Azure a pall reversed wavy, in chief the letter A surmounted by the letter V, dexter a moon decrescent and sinister a hammer and pick per saltire, all argent.

In Rathsweiler, which belonged to the old ''Remigiusland'', the local lordship was held first by the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] and then later by the Counts Palatine and Dukes of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. Under the Veldenzes, Rathsweiler belonged to the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Niederamt]]'' of Ulmet and under the Zweibrückens to a ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' of the same name in the ''Oberamt'' of Lichtenberg. The village had no seal, though in 1748, testamentary affairs were being sealed in Rathsweiler twice, by the ''Landgericht'' (regional court) and the estate of Kusel as a kind of lower authority of the ''Oberamt''. This authority sealed documents with a “[[Man in the Moon|man in the moon]]”. The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side is meant to recall that seal, and the A and V are meant to refer to Rathsweiler's former status as part of the ''Amt'' of Ulmet. The [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s, azure and argent (blue and silver) refer to the village's former [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] lords, the Counts of Veldenz. The [[hammer and pick]] refers to the [[Mercury (element)|quicksilver]] mining that was formerly undertaken in the area around the municipality.<ref>[http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/rathsweiler/ Description and explanation of Rathsweiler’s arms]</ref> The arms have been borne since 1978 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Description and explanation of Rathsweiler’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Dorfstraße 9 – former [[school]]; plastered building with [[ridge turret]], 1841, architect Johann Schmeisser, [[Kusel]], extra floor 1888; school garden, [[Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria|Luitpold]] [[Tilia|limetree]]
* Dorfstraße 1, Glanstraße 2, 20, 18, 16, 12, 10 (monumental zone) – row of big and small complexes with single roof ridges from the 18th and 19th centuries, distinguishing village streetscape

===Natural monuments===
Counted foremost among Rathsweiler’s natural monuments is the Steinalbmündung Nature Conservation Area (''Naturschutzgebiet Steinalbmündung''), parts of which actually also lie within [[Niederalben]]’s and [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet’s]] limits.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Natural monuments]</ref><ref>[http://www.naturschutz.rlp.de/Dokumente/rvo/nsg/pdf/NSG-7336-104.pdf Order establishing the Steinalbmündung Nature Conservation Area]</ref>

===Regular events===
Formerly, Rathsweiler held its so-called ''Maikerb'' (“May Fair”) at the same time as neighbouring [[Niederalben]], on the first weekend in May. Some years ago, however, the timing was changed so that it would fall at a different time, namely the third weekend in May. Other old customs have since disappeared from the village's cultural life.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
About 1903, a singing club was founded in Rathsweiler, but after the [[Second World War]], it was never started back up. All that exists nowadays is the countrywomen's club (''Landfrauenverein'').<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Even today, [[agriculture]] is still a considerable factor in Rathsweiler's economy, even if it is one that is only now pursued by a few concerns. The former [[baryte]] and [[Mercury (element)|quicksilver]] mining was given up even before the [[First World War]]. In the village itself is a big woodworking business that grew out of a [[Cabinetry|cabinetmaker's]] shop. Located favourably on ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 is an [[inn]]. The ''Christoffelsmühle'', an old [[watermill]], was once purely a [[gristmill]], but today runs as a [[sawmill]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
It is unknown when a [[school]] was first established in Rathsweiler. In 1762, a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare) was mentioned. In the summertime, interested schoolchildren could attend the ''Hauptschule'' (“main school” – not to be confused with a “[[Hauptschule]]” as the word is understood today) in [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]]. The municipality yielded up for the school's upkeep one ''Malter'', two barrels and three ''Sester'' of corn ([[wheat]] or [[rye]]), and paid three [[Rhenish guilder]]s in money. The full worth of these expenditures amounted to 8 Rhenish guilders, 4 [[Batzen]], 14 [[Pfennig]]e. In 1784, the winter school was closed because too few children wanted to take part in lessons. One year later, though, the winter school teacher managed to hold classes once again. It is likely that year-round schooling was only introduced in early [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] times. In 1837, the municipality bought a plot of land for the schoolteacher to use to better his circumstances. The schoolteacher at that time, Abraham Graß, who was also a municipal councillor, retired from his job on the grounds of advancing age, and the municipality sought a new schoolteacher. The only applicant was Jacob Kayser from [[Bosenbach|Friedelhausen]], and so he was hired. The [[one-room school]] with its seven-year levels was then attended by 48 schoolchildren. For each pupil, the schoolteacher was owed one franc, and the municipality further paid him 40 francs. Each family with schoolchildren had to deliver payment in kind, namely 25 L of rye and 10 L of [[spelt]]. Cash, kind and use of the field were reckoned to be worth all together 152 francs. With schoolteacher Kayser, though, the municipality was not satisfied, for he apparently neither did anything nor showed any interest in doing anything to further the children's learning. Nonetheless, Kayser demanded a payrise. Clearly the upshot was not an agreement, for Kayser soon thereafter left Rathsweiler and his job was once again advertised. In 1843, two candidates applied, Karl Klaus from Ulmet and Georg Bauer from [[Erdesbach]]. Klaus, who was then only 18 years old, was hired, but one year later, he was transferred. The municipality promised a considerable improvement of the benefits in money and kind, now with a total worth of 223 francs. Philipp Keiper from [[Niedermoschel]] filled the post and stayed in Rathsweiler until his retirement in 1885. In 1844, the municipality had a schoolhouse built, which in 1888 had a further floor added on. Keiper's successor was Michael Assenbaum from [[Hilpoltstein]] in [[Franconia]], who in 1889 was named a full teacher. This schoolteacher found himself at odds with the municipality when he demanded that the school cropfield have its own well and council would not approve such a thing. Assenbaum married Anna Maria Viktoria Göckel from Rothenburg in the same year that his last promotion is mentioned. To boost his income, he took over an [[insurance]] agency, but he soon became ill with [[tuberculosis]]. In 1903, he sought a cure, but he died later that same year. Assistant teacher Burkhardt from Erdesbach now took over the classes, but it was not long before another schoolteacher took over from him, Jakob Weber from [[Sankt Julian]], but then he forthwith had to serve a half year in the military, and while he was away, his place was taken by Friedrich Kopf from [[Gumbsweiler]]. Weber came back from his stint in the forces and also took over the singing club and an insurance agency, like Assenbaum before him. He had to do another stint in the forces and this time was represented in the classroom by a schoolteacher from Ulmet. In 1908, Weber had himself transferred to [[Standenbühl]], and he was succeeded as the local schoolteacher by Johannes Vogel, who right away applied for posts in [[Ludwigshafen|Oggersheim]] and [[Limburgerhof]], without success. In 1914, he wed Mathilde Schuck from Rathsweiler, Philipp Schuck's daughter. By 1924, he was no longer being mentioned as the Rathsweiler schoolteacher. It was at that time that Karl Schneider, born in 1903, applied for the post. The old one-room schoolhouse was used for lessons right up until 1968. Then, [[primary school]] pupils at first went to the primary school in Ulmet and the [[Hauptschule]] students to the ''Hauptschule Offenbach-St. Julian''. With the introduction of the ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' not long afterwards, however, the arrangements changed again. Since then, Hauptschule students have been attending the [[Regionale Schule]] in [[Altenglan]], while the primary school pupils have been attending the ''Grundschule Ulmet'' (formerly ''Grundschule Ulmet-Erdesbach'').<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Running through Rathsweiler is ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 ([[Oppenheim]]–[[Neunkirchen, Saarland|Neunkirchen]]), built in 1938 as an “army road” when the [[Siegfried Line]] was being built up, while to the southwest lies the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). Until about 1985, the village had a connection to the [[Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg|Bad Münster am Stein]]–[[Homburg, Saarland|Homburg]] [[railway]] line, which had been running since 1904. The Niederalben-Rathsweiler [[railway station]] nowadays serves as a house. Visitors can now ride [[draisine]]s on the track. Serving nearby [[Altenglan]] is [[Altenglan station]] on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7577 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
*Louis Christoffel (b. 1841 in Rathsweiler; d. 1928 in [[Herzogenrath|Merkstein]] near [[Aachen]])
::Born at the ''Christoffelsmühle'', Christoffel was later a businessman in the [[Rhineland]]. His son was Ernst Jakob Christoffel (1876-1955), who founded the [[Christian Blind Mission]].

===Famous people associated with the municipality===
*Karl Bayer (b. 1910 in [[Theisbergstegen]]; d. 1972 in Rathsweiler)
::Bayer was not only the schoolteacher in Rathsweiler, but during the [[Second World War]] he was also an officer and recipient of the [[Knight's Cross]].{{citation needed|reason=not listed by Fellgiebel nor Scherzer as a KC recipient.|date=October 2013}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/rathsweiler/ Rathsweiler in the collective municipality's webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Rammelsbach

2024-12-10T04:44:47Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Rammelsb.jpg → File:DEU Rammelsbach COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Rammelsbach COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|32|40.12|N|7|26|37.88|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Rammelsbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 212
|area = 2.64
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06381
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 079
|website = [http://www.rammelsbach.de/ www.rammelsbach.de]
|mayor = Thomas Danneck<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
|party =
}}
[[File:Rammelsbach-1998-49n3251-7e2640.jpg|thumb|296px|The Rammelsbach quarry (1998)]]
'''Rammelsbach''' is an {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies within the Kusel ''[[Musikantenland]]'' (“Minstrels’ Land”) in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. Rammelsbach lies in the Kuselbach valley between [[Kusel]] and [[Altenglan]] and also stretches into the valley of the Rammelsbach, which flows to the Kuselbach from the south. In its upper reaches, the Rammelsbach is known as the Tiefenbach. The Kuselbach valley floor lies at 215 m above [[sea level]]. Prominent elevations on the Kuselbach's right bank are the Rammelsbacher Kopf (256 m) and the [[Remigiusberg]] (368 m), while over on the left bank is the Hinzigberg, which near the Schlichterhof reaches a height of almost 300 m. The great [[basalt]] [[quarry]], locally known as “Dimpel”, spreads over the whole Rammelsbacher Kopf. An electronics factory stands in the village's west end between ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 and the Kuselbach. The industrial lands in this area have over time come to abut those in Kusel. The municipal area measures 264 ha, of which 31 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Rammelsbach borders in the north and east on the municipality of [[Altenglan]], in the south on the municipality of [[Haschbach am Remigiusberg]] and in the west on the town of [[Kusel]]. Rammelsbach also meets the municipality of [[Theisbergstegen]] at a single point in the southeast.

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Rammelsbach are the outlying homesteads of Haus Menges, Kreuzhof, Rechenhäuschen and Schlichterhof.<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125005812/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf |date=2015-11-25 }}, Seite 97 (PDF)</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
Rammelsbach was originally made up of only a few houses and was even once called the Rammelsbacher Hof (“estate” or “farm”). The village core spread out until the 19th century over both banks of the Rammelsbach, and only the [[Watermill|mill]] stood on the Kuselbach. Beginning in the 17th century, the village began to spread outwards, but only slowly at first. A small outlying centre arose in the 19th century, the Rechenhäuschen, on the Kuselbach's left bank. This centre has since grown together with the village itself. Another outlying centre, the Schlichterhof, is an ''[[Aussiedlerhof]]'', an [[Agriculture|agricultural]] settlement established after the [[Second World War]] to increase food production. Even by 1819, the village of Rammelsbach only had 30 houses. The original cadastral survey done in 1848 showed that Rammelsbach had grown by 10 houses. Since the villagers earned their livelihoods mainly at farming through to the mid 19th century, old farmhouses can still be spotted in the original village core, all of them ''Einfirsthäuser'' (“single-roof-ridge houses”), as was customary in the Westrich, an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and [[France]]. After the great stone quarry was opened in 1868, the village began growing rather quickly. About 1888, new houses sprang up on the old village street leading to the bridge, and even beyond the bridge all the way to the road running through the Kuselbach valley. Beginning in 1894, the valley location down at the Kuselbach was opened for building. About 1901, Steinbruchstraße (“Quarry Street”) was built, as was what is nowadays called Friedrich-Ebert-Straße about 1905. Beginning in 1902, it was mainly workers who settled on the slopes of the lower Hinzigberg. More new houses were built on Flurstraße and Höhweg at about the turn of the 20th century, although these streets were not actually expanded until 1932. Since the Second World War, particular effort has gone into opening further new residential areas. There came the “Tiefenbachsiedlung” and the new housing estate on the upper Hinzigberg. Some gaps in the built-up area were opened to building, and thus the building in the already existing streets was expanded. Rammelsbach is first and foremost a residential community. The built-up parts of the municipality could to a great extent be described as workers’ settlements. The graveyard stretches over a slope on the Kuselbach's left bank in the village's east end. The [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[church (building)|church]] stands nearby, while the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] church stands in a new building zone on a slope on the Kuselbach's right bank. Both churches were built in 1954. The building that is now the [[primary school]] for the [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]] came into being in 1964 at first as a replacement for three other schoolhouses in the village. Nearby stands the [[kindergarten]]. A great sporting ground can be found in the village's south, west of the road leading to [[Haschbach am Remigiusberg]]. A [[shooting sport]] clubhouse with a [[shooting range]] stands near the Rechenhäuschen.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
After the [[First World War]], a cylindrical [[Stone tool|stone hatchet]] made of [[diorite]] was found on the Rammelsbacher Kopf that dated from the [[New Stone Age]]. During building work on the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] church in 1954, workers unearthed a great many [[Ancient Rome|Roman]]-era potsherds. It is likely that this church now stands on the foundations of a [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] [[villa rustica]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Rammelsbach lay in the ''Remigiusland''. While it is assumed that the places [[Kusel]] and [[Altenglan]] already existed by the time that this landhold was donated to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Bishop of Reims]], likely about 590 by King [[Childebert II]] to Bishop Egidius (not to be confused with [[Saint Giles]], also sometimes known as Egidius), Rammelsbach was only founded some 200 years after this donation. In the 12th century, the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] took on the ''[[Vogt]]ei'' over the ''Remigiusland'' and founded the County of Veldenz. Rammelsbach and the whole ''Remigiusland'' were subject for centuries at once to the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] in [[Reims]] and the Counts of Veldenz. In 1444, the County of Veldenz met its end when Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] wed [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father's title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. Rammelsbach now found itself in this state. In 1552, the Dukes of Zweibrücken acquired the ''Remigiusland'' through sale, thus becoming the sole rightful owners. In 1364, Rammelsbach had its first documentary mention in a document that Count Heinrich II of Veldenz issued for his son Heinrich III and his wife [[Loretta of Sponheim|Loretta]] of [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]]. According to details in this document, Rammelsbach then belonged to the Veldenz ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'' of Brücken/Altenglan. In [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Castle Lichtenberg's]] taxation rolls, a man named Hans von Rammelsbach was mentioned about 1450.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In line with Zweibrücken Ducal ecclesiastical policy, the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] according to [[Martin Luther]]’s [[Lutheranism|teaching]] was introduced into Rammelsbach about 1537. Beginning in 1588, [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Johannes I]] [[Forced conversion|forced]] all his subjects to [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Calvinism|Reformed]] belief as espoused by [[John Calvin]]. At the time of the 1609 ecclesiastical visitation, there were seven families with all together 27 inhabitants living in the village. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the village was utterly destroyed, and only one woman survived the war. Newcomers settled, and repopulation was furthered by [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV’s]] policies later on in the century. At the time of Louis XIV’s ''politique des Réunions'', the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] faith once more gained a foothold in the village. Rammelsbach belonged, as before, to [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], and would until that state was swept away in the course of the [[French Revolution]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
While [[limestone]] had been quarried in the Rammelsbach area since the [[Middle Ages]], a proper limestone industry only developed in the 18th and 19th centuries, contributing to the village’s growth and creating jobs in such occupations as lime burning and goods transport, alongside the traditional farming. Rammelsbach underwent a thorough shift towards being an industrial village after 1886, when large-scale quarrying of [[basalt]] began. The population first doubled and then trebled before the 19th century ended. Hard work characterized village life for both men and women. After [[French Revolution|Revolutionary]] [[France]] had [[Annexation|annexed]] the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank, Rammelsbach lay in the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Kusel, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Kusel, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]]. The village also remained tightly bound with [[Kusel]] after it was united with the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] in 1818. It also now belonged to the ''Landkommissariat'' (later ''Bezirksamt'', then ''Landkreis'' or “district”), Canton and ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Kusel. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) did not become quite as popular in Rammelsbach as in some other places in the district. In the [[German federal election, December 1924|1924 Reichstag elections]], only 0.2% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, and in the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], only 2.0% but by the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], the Nazis fared no better than 26% in terms of local support (as against 92.5% in [[Horschbach]]<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Pro-Nazi vote in Horschbach]</ref> or 90% in [[Ehweiler]],<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7500 Pro-Nazi vote in Ehweiler]</ref> for instance). Until 1933, though, the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] had always enjoyed an absolute majority in federal elections locally, and even though they lost that in this election, they still outpolled the Nazis by quite a hefty margin (38.5%). Nevertheless, Hitler's overall success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. Also in 1933 came another merger with Kusel instigated by the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]], but this was undone in 1945, when Rammelsbach once more became a mayoral seat. In 1954, both Rammelsbach's current churches were consecrated. A new schoolhouse was built in 1963, and in 1966, [[Grundig]] opened a plant in Rammelsbach. In the course of administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], Rammelsbach became an {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} within the [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]] in 1972. The old mayoralty was dissolved and the municipality became one of 16 {{lang|de|Ortsgemeinden}} within the ''Verbandsgemeinde''. In 1984, Grundig closed its Rammelsbach plant, and in 1986, [[TDK]] took over Grundig's old workshops. In 1999, it concentrated its [[Compact Cassette]] production in Rammelsbach. In 2003, though, TDK closed the workshops and RME ([[Ritek]] Media Europe), a daughter company of a [[Taiwan]]-based business, moved into the premises.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
Living in Rammelsbach until the time of the [[Thirty Years' War]] were mainly farmers, as in all other villages in the area. In the course of the new settlement that came in the wake of the 17th century's frightful wars, however, the newcomers at first worked in the mines and the several still small stone quarries. Since the mineral products – [[limestone]], [[coal]], paving stones and gravel – had to be transported to users, transport businesses sprang up, especially in the days before the [[railway]] came – and some villagers earned their livings doing this. Later, when a great number of workers were employed at the village's only large-scale quarry, more and more people came to settle nearer their jobs. The small farming village was changing ever more noticeably into a workers’ village. Since then, however, the quarry's economic importance to the villagers has shrunk, and it no longer plays a great part in the local economy. Even when new industrial operations located in Rammelsbach, long-term jobs could not be created in great numbers. The local “quarryman” stereotype now belongs to the past as more and more villagers must [[Commuting|commute]] elsewhere to jobs. This development is partly reflected in the population figures. The developmental peak with more than 2,000 inhabitants in the mid 20th century is now bygone, and Rammelsbach's population is now shrinking, as it is in most villages in the area.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Rammelsbach:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Rammelsbach’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1609 || 1648 || 1675 || 1772 || 1824 || 1880 || 1890 || 1900 || 1910 || 1939 || 1961 || 1998 || 2005
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 20 || 1 || 20 || 100 || 309 || 664 || 841 || 1,108 || 1,575 || 2,006 || 2,102 || 1,952 || 1,792
|}

===Municipality’s name===
In 1364, the village was called ''Ramelspach'', in 1430 ''Ramelsbach'', in 1452 ''Rammelsbach'', in 1588 ''Rammelsbacher Hof'' and thereafter always Rammelsbach. For a time it was assumed (by, among others, [[Kreimbach-Kaulbach#Sons and daughters of the town|Ernst Christmann]]) that the village's name somehow stemmed from the name Remigiusberg, still given a nearby mountain today. This theory, though, has been dismissed. The prefix is now thought to stem from a [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] name (''Rammel'', ''Remmel'', ''Hrabnal'' or ''Hrabnil''). The ending ''—bach'' (“brook”) crops up in many local placenames, and likely means that Rammelsbach was founded in the 8th century.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Municipality’s name]</ref>

==Religion==
According to municipal statistics on 30 June 1997, 579 (60%) of Rammelsbach's inhabitants were [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]], 259 (27%) were [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], 38 (4%) would not state their religious affiliation, 67 (7%) claimed no religious faith and 2% of the inhabitants belonged to various smaller religious communities. Worshippers belonging to the two traditional big denominations (Evangelical and Catholic) were traditionally members of the parishes centred in [[Kusel]]. Only in the time after the [[Second World War]] did both the Evangelical and Catholic [[Christianity|Christians]] form their own communities locally. After both the churches were built in 1954, these communities became autonomous, first as an Evangelical vicariate and a Catholic curacy, and then as of 1964, as independent parishes.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected by [[proportional representation]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360107900.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>
{| class="wikitable" width="300"
! Year || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || Total
|- align="center"
| 2009 || 9 || 7 || 16 seats
|- align="center"
| 2004 || 9 || 7 || 16 seats
|}

===Mayor===
Rammelsbach's mayor is Thomas Danneck.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per fess argent issuant from the line of partition a bishop's staff sinister azure and a demilion of the same armed, langued and crowned gules, and azure issuant from base a crag sable between a pickaxe per pale and a sledge per pale, the handle embowed to dexter, both of the first.

The arms unite the village's [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] history with its more recent history in quarrying. Rammelsbach was the main centre of stone quarrying on the Remigiusberg (mountain). The [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon's]] upper field symbolizes its former [[Feudalism|feudal]] allegiances to the [[Bishopric of Reims]], represented by [[Saint Remigius]]’s staff on the dexter (armsbearer’s right, viewer’s left) side, and to the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] and the Dukes of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], represented by the lion on the sinister (armsbearer’s left, viewer’s right) side. Rammelsbach’s very name, once believed to have sprung from the form ''Remigiusbach'', marked it as part of the old ''Remigiusland'', which was subject first to the Bishop of Reims and later to the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] in [[Reims]], thus explaining the bishop’s staff [[charge (heraldry)|charge]]. The Counts of Veldenz and the Dukes of Palatinate-Zweibrücken are represented by not only the lion, but also by the [[tincture (heraldry)|tinctures]] that prevail throughout the arms, argent and azure (silver and blue).<ref>[http://www.rammelsbach.de/wappen.htm Description and explanation of Rammelsbach’s arms]</ref> The lower field shows a [[basalt]] crag as well as a stonemason’s tools, referring to the village’s stone quarrying tradition. The arms have been borne since 1970 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Description and explanation of Rammelsbach’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Regular events===
Nothing much is left of old customs in this former quarrying village. Now bygone are the days when, at [[Whitsun]], young Rammelsbach lads would go from house to house to ask for eggs and bacon while observing the old custom of the ''Pfingstquack'' (this is still practised, with variations, in some of the district’s villages; see [[Henschtal#Regular events|Henschtal]] for more). The [[Carnival]] ([[Swabian–Alemannic Fastnacht|''Fastnacht'']]) custom that likewise saw children going door to door reciting their [[Shrovetide]] saying, has been forsaken. On the other hand, other customs for children have sprung up: the [[Star boys' singing procession|Star boys’ singing]], the [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin's]] Day Parade and even [[Halloween]]. The [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerb'') is held on the second weekend in September. Since 1980, there has also been a village festival on the last weekend in June, and from the beginning, it has been earning greater appeal than the kermis.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Rammelsbach distinguishes itself with a lively club life. The foremost of the village's clubs are listed here. Founded in 1991 was the ''Turnverein Rammelsbach'' ([[Gymnastics|Gymnastic]] Club), which today contains many departments and also plays [[tennis]]. The [[sport club]] founded in 1922 pays particular attention to [[Association football|football]]. A [[Shooting sport|shooting]] club arose after the [[Second World War]]. Of particular importance today is the entertainment club “Die Wackepicker”. This club arose from a [[Carnival]] club that was founded in 1956. The club even today organizes the local Carnival events, but far beyond Rammelsbach's limits, “Die Wackepicker” are known as a singing group who show up at events both in Rammelsbach and elsewhere. The music club was founded in 1928. It maintains a big wind orchestra. Also worth mentioning is the [[German Red Cross]]’s local chapter, which had forerunners as long ago as the [[First World War]] and the 1930s, but was newly founded in 1948.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Clubs]</ref>

===Museums===
Rammelsbach also has its Wilhelm-Panetzky-[[Museum]], housed in the building that formerly housed the quarry administration. It has exhibits relating to the Rammelsbach quarry’s history and methods of recovering the stone. There are also many kinds of quarrying equipment on display.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Museums]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
[[Agriculture]]. which originally defined Rammelsbach’s commercial life, is nowadays of secondary importance. [[Limestone]] quarrying within Rammelsbach’s limits began in the village back in the [[Middle Ages]]. For a time there were 20 [[lime kiln]]s and also brickworks, but after the [[Second World War]], limestone quarrying was no longer worth the effort. Only the stone quarries, which had defined the village for a century and still ensured income, still employ a few people even today, while the municipality lets out the 50 ha melaphyre quarry lands to earn money. Given its great importance in the past, the stone industry needs to be described more thoroughly. At the time when the road was built along the Kuselbach, the hard stone on the Rammelsbacher Kopf, or “Dimpel”, proved itself especially suitable for building roadbeds as far back as 1840. Not least of all for the quarrying and transport of this stone did the ''Nordpfälzische Eisenbahngesellschaft'' (“North Palatine [[Railway]] Company”) build the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]], which opened in 1868. In that same year, the municipality of Rammelsbach concluded an agreement with the railway for using the yield from the quarries. Henceforth, stone would be quarried for [[Track ballast|railway ballast]] and crushed stone for roadbuilding, and also for making paving stones. In 1902, more than 900 people were working at the quarry, among them many women, too, who were expected to perform heavy work as surely as the men were. Year, after year, though, as advances came in [[mechanization]], [[rationalization (economics)|rationalization]] and [[automation]], the number of quarrymen and quarrywomen shrank. Today, 40 workers can make the same amount of ballast and crushed stone that would have taken 100 workers in bygone years. Making paving stones was also an important activity until the onset of the Second World War. For decades now, however, a company right near the quarry has been making [[ready-mix concrete]]. New industries in past decades had to compensate for the potential of the labour force. In 1966, the firm [[Grundig]] set up a plant for making [[Tape recorder|audio-]] and [[videotape]]. When this plant was shut down in the wake of rationalization measures at Grundig, the [[Japan]]ese company [[TDK]] founded a new plant in 1986 that likewise made audio- and videotape, but also [[ceramic]] components for electronic devices. Employed at this plant in 2003 were more than 300 workers. However, TDK closed the Rammelsbach plant in March 2003, throwing 320 people out of work. Next came “Ritek Media Europe” (RME), a daughter company of [[Ritek]] Corporation Taiwan, which at first used the empty factory building to stamp out and package [[Compact disc|CDs]] and [[DVD]]s, which only employed about 70 people. Since April 2005, this plant has been working with only a small fraction of its original staff complement, and it now only ships CDs and DVDs that have been made elsewhere.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
After the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was introduced, a [[school]] was founded in [[Kusel]] that could be attended by schoolchildren from all villages within the parish of Kusel, and as of 1544 also by schoolchildren from Rammelsbach. Only a few children would have availed themselves of the opportunity. Only in the late 18th century did Rammelsbach, too, open a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare). Christian Krieger from Aulenbach (a village erased in 1937 when the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] set up the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground) is known to have been the first teacher in Rammelsbach. He was actually a craftsman and a [[Day labor|day labourer]] who could [[Literacy|read and write]] with some competence, and who held his classes in one or other of the village's few houses. With the introduction of compulsory schooling in the early 19th century, Rammelsbach got a diplomaed teacher, but there was still no schoolhouse. It was 1843 before the first such building appeared, on Höhweg (a street). It had two classrooms, one for [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] schoolchildren and the other for [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]. Although the number of schoolchildren grew quickly in the time that followed, municipal council was at first not ready to build a new schoolhouse or expand the old one. Hence, for years, two innkeepers put their dancehalls at the school's disposal to handle the overflow. In 1889, a new schoolhouse was built on Glanstraße, but the number of schoolchildren still kept growing, making it necessary to build yet another in 1904. This third schoolhouse was partly used as the mayor's office. This building has since been renovated and expanded, now serving as the town hall. One of the schoolteachers at that time was named Heinrich Haag, who would later become the Kusel district's first school inspector. There was still a sharp divide between the Catholic school and the Evangelical school. As early as 1933, at a time when [[Adolf Hitler]] and the Nazis were solidifying their hold on Germany, there were efforts to establish a [[Christianity|Christian]] community school, against which the village's Catholics fought energetically. Opposition notwithstanding, this community school was instituted in 1938, but it only lasted until October 1945. Classes began again after the [[Second World War]] with four Evangelical classes and two Catholic, but with only three teachers, and of the three schoolhouses, only one was now available for use. Many of the children suffered hunger, and often there was not enough heating fuel. The Evangelical school head at that time was the well known ''Heimatforscher'' (roughly “local historian”) Albert Zink, while the Catholic school head was Mrs. Erna Giloth. Schooling eventually expanded to ten classes, scattered over the village at, now, all three schoolhouses, making it quite clear that a single, big school building was needed. This was dedicated in 1964. In February 1965, the schoolchildren's parents voted on the reintroduction of the community school model that had been used during the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]]. [[Protestantism|Protestant]] parents voted overwhelmingly in favour of the proposal, while many Catholic parents were against it. Nonetheless, more than half the Catholic parents favoured it. Therefore, community school was introduced at the beginning of the 1965-1966 school year. Despite this, there were still wholly Catholic classes for children whose parents disagreed with the idea of their children being taught together with Evangelical children. Beginning in the 1969-1970 school year, there were only denominationally mixed classes. The upper level of this system was also attended by pupils from [[Etschberg]]. In the course of scholastic reorganization, the Christian community school was dissolved at the beginning of the 1971-1972 school year. A [[Hauptschule]] for all students in the newly founded [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]] was opened in [[Altenglan]]. The [[primary school]]s of 11 villages in the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' could now be gathered together under one roof at Rammelsbach's newest school building. This is still the local primary school structure today.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
During the 18th century, Rammelsbach earned importance to transport technology when the [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]]-[[Kusel]] stretch of the [[Meisenheim]]-[[Zweibrücken]] road, which had originally run along a rather short but very steep mountaintop alignment, was realigned through the valley, proceeding directly south from Rammelsbach. Heavy loads borne by traffic in those days (wood and wine) were hindered by the ever-damaged Rammelsbach Bridge over the Kuselbach. In 1840, the valley road was expanded by the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] (then the local power) and once more directly linked with [[Kusel]]. Later, the road became part of the army road that was expanded in 1938 between [[Oppenheim]] and [[Neunkirchen, Saarland|Neunkirchen]] in the [[Saarland]] while the [[Siegfried Line]] was being built. This road is now ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420, 10 km along which is the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). The village has had its own [[railway]] connection since 1868. Rammelsbach station lies on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]] and is served by the hourly [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67, called the [[Glan Valley Railway|''Glantalbahn'']], even though this name refers to a largely closed railway line, part of which is still used by this service, which also runs through to [[Kaiserslautern Central Station|Kaiserslautern]]. Owing to the shipping of stone from the quarries, Rammelsbach could count itself during the 19th century as ranking sixth among the busiest stations in the whole Palatinate in terms of freight turnover. Stone shipping might also be to thank for this railway's continued existence.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7421 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
* Friedrich Ludwig Philipp von Lüder (b. 1795; d. 1862)
::Well known as a [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] general, von Lüder played a great part in the 19th century in building up the Bavarian military. He escorted [[Otto, King of Greece|Prince Otto]] to [[Athens]] when he was to assume the [[Greece|Greek]] crown.
* Alois Bebiolka (b. 1910; d. 1999 in [[Steinwenden]])
::Bebiolka worked as a medical doctor in various places, and from 1961 he was a delegate in the [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] State Physicians’ Chamber. He was also cofounder of the ''Hartmannbund'' (a German medical professional association) and founder of the [[Kusel]] chapter of the [[Rotary International|Rotary Club]]. Bebiolka held many distinctions, among them the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]].
* Johannes Menges (b. 1910; d. 1970)
::A [[Cistercian]] priest and [[missionary]], Menges studied [[theology]], then first joined the Cistercian order before later changing to the [[Missionaries of the Precious Blood]]. In their service he was sent to [[Brazil]] in 1937, and it was there that he was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a priest. As a pastor and a missionary, he worked in the Lower [[Amazon River|Amazon]] in the parish of [[Porto de Moz]], which stretched over a broad area. After decades of working in this unhealthy tropical region, Father Menges became ill with [[leprosy]] and was sent to the [[leper colony]] at Manituba. Although he recovered from this illness, he then came down with [[tuberculosis]] and died of a lung tumour.
* Hartwig Bartz (b. 21 February 1936; d. 29 April 2001)
::[[Bebop|Modern jazz]] [[drummer]].
* Matthias Arnold (b. 1968)
::Germany’s youngest choirmaster at 14, according to the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of Records]].
* Dieter Niebergall (b. 1950)
::[[Bundesliga]] [[referee (association football)|referee]], 1980–81 season to 1984–85 season, all together 47 Bundesliga assignments.

===Famous people associated with the municipality===
* [[Hans Werner Moser]] (b. 24 September 1965 in [[Kusel]])
::Bundesliga [[Association football|footballer]] and trainer.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.rammelsbach.de/ Municipality's official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

List of coats of arms with the Palatine Lion

2024-12-09T06:19:37Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Oberstaufenbach.jpg → File:DEU Oberstaufenbach COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{short description|None}}

[[File:DEU Neustadt an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|thumb|125px|Palatine Lion ]]

This '''list of coats of arms bearing the Palatine Lion''' includes municipal [[coats of arms]] as well as other shields and company [[logo]]s which depict the [[Palatine Lion]].

== The Palatine Lion in coats of arms of regional bodies and administrations ==
[[File:Verbreitungskarte Pfälzer Löwe.png|thumb|300px|Distribution of the Palatine Lion emblem]]
Key to the columns
*''Status'':
**'''Federal state''' = [[States of Germany|Federal state of Germany]]
**'''Former municipality''' = former independent village parish (''Ortsgemeinde'')
**'''former prov.''' = former province (''Regierungsbezirk'' or ''Bezirk'')
**'''Higher ad.''' = higher level administration (''höhere Kommunalverwaltung'')
**'''Former co.''' = former county (''Landkreis'')
**'''parish''' = village/town district/parish and other administrative units at village level
**'''VG''' = collective municipality (''Verbandsgemeinde'')
*''Remarks'':
**Only used where there are variations from the normal design or to links to separate articles

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7"
! class="unsortable"| Coat of arms || Status || Name || VG / Co. / Prov.
! State || Remarks
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neustadt an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Heidelberg.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Heidelberg]] || Heidelberg || Baden-Württemberg || on three green hills
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Pleystein.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Pleystein]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Schriesheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schriesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || standing on two crossed diagonal arrows
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Altdorf bei Nürnberg.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Altdorf bei Nürnberg]] || Nuremberg Land || Bavaria || bearing a shield
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Altrip COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altrip]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Dilsberg.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Dilsberg]]<br />''part of [[Neckargemünd]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frankenthal COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]] || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Horschbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Horschbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || charged with a diagonal silver wavy line
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lambsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Lambsheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen bvpfalz.jpg|50x50px]] || higher ad. || Palatinate (provincial authority) || [[Palatinate region]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rheinpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || former province || [[Circle of Rhine|Rhenish Palatinate]] || || [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bad Sobernheim (1924) COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bad Sobernheim]] || [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || bearing the [[Wheel of Mainz]] in its forepaws
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oberbayern.svg|50x50px]] || higher ad. || [[Upper Bavaria]] || || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Klosterkumbd COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Klosterkumbd]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || tail queue fourchy, bearing a golden sword
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Quirnbach (Pfalz).jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Glan-Münchweiler|VG Glan-Münchweiler]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, regardant, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Mannheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Mannheim|Mannheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ludwigshafen COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]] || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, armed gold, regardant, as shield bearer
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Flossenbürg.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Flossenbürg, Bavaria|Flossenbürg]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || crowned and armed gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hammelbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Grasellenbach|Hammelbach]]<br />''part of [[Grasellenbach]]'' || Bergstraße || Hesse ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Braunau am Inn]] || [[province Braunau am Inn]] || Upper Austria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hof2.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Hof (Saale)]] || Hof (Saale) || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lindenfels COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Lindenfels]] || [[Kreis Bergstraße|Bergstraße]] || Hesse ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lauterhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Lauterhofen]] || Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria || two lions combattant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Baden-Württemberg]] || || Baden-Württemberg || [[Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg|details]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Aspisheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Aspisheim]] || VG Sprendlingen-Gensingen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bechhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bechhofen (Pfalz)]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Edingen-Neckarhausen.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Edingen-Neckarhausen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Föckelberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Föckelberg]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || charged with a diagonal silver wavy line
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim|Gau-Algesheim]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Grafenwöhr.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Grafenwöhr]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mannheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Mannheim]] || Mannheim || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen matzenbach.jpg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Matzenbach]] || [[Landkreis Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears a golden millstone
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Nanzdietschweiler.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Nanzdietschweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Glan-Münchweiler|VG Glan-Münchweiler]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neunkirchen am Potzberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Niederkumbd.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederkumbd]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück|| Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rieschweiler-Mühlbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen LK Suedwestpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Südwestpfalz]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Moosbrunn.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Moosbrunn (Schönbrunn)|Moosbrunn]]<br />''part of [[Schönbrunn (Baden)|Schönbrunn]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, colours reversed, armed sable, langued gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Rhein-Neckar-Kreis.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || || Baden-Württemberg || colours reversed in order to comply with [[rule of tincture]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Wagenschwend.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Wagenschwend]]<br />''part of [[Limbach (Baden)|Limbach]]'' || Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Sinsheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Sinsheim|Sinsheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dienheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dienheim]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Gondershausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Gondershausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Luetzelsachsen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Lützelsachsen]]<br />''part of [[Weinheim]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Maisborn COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Maisborn]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mendig COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Mendig]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Mendig|VG Mendig]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)|Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Upper Palatinate || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Das Wappen der Ortsgemeinde Ohmbach.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ohmbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Schönenberg-Kübelberg|VG Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oppau 1929.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ludwigshafen-Oppau|Oppau]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, 1929 to 1938
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Wiesloch.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Wiesloch]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oppau.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ludwigshafen-Oppau|Oppau]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || to 1929
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Altweidelbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altweidelbach]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Biedershausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Biedershausen]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-lohnweiler.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Lohnweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Steinalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinalben]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Traisen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Traisen (Nahe)|Traisen]] || VG Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg || Rhineland-Palatinate || crowned, bearing a grate
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-glanbruecken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberalben]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Kusel|VG Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, field azure
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mutterschied COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mutterschied]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bacharach COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bacharach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Konken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Konken]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Kusel|VG Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, field azure
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Laubach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Laubach (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || tail queue fourchy, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Blason Steinseltz 67.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinseltz|Steinselz]] || ([[Arrondissement Wissembourg|Arrondissement Weißenburg]]) || ([[Lower Alsace]]) ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen nierstein oppenheim.gif|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Nierstein-Oppenheim|Nierstein-Oppenheim]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberstaufenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberstaufenbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bergheim (Oberbayern).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bergheim (Upper Bavaria)]] || Neuburg-Schrobenhausen || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Ilvesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ilvesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Lambsborn.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Lambsborn]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mengerschied COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mengerschied]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Obrigheim (Baden) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Obrigheim (Baden)]] || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Reifenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Reifenberg]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schefflenz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schefflenz]] || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schmalenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schmalenberg]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben|Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Seesbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Seesbach]] || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach|Bad Kreuznach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || [[Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate|details]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb hessheim.jpg|50x50px]] || former collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Heßheim|Heßheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Lambsheim-Heßheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Lambsheim-Heßheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Kollweiler.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Kollweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Weilerbach|VG Weilerbach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Mainz-Bingen COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen|Mainz-Bingen]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kaiserslautern COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Kaiserslautern|Kaiserslautern]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" height="55" | [[File:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Bavaria]] || || Bavaria || uncrowned, for details see [[coat of arms of Bavaria]]
|-
| align="center" height="55" | [[File:DEU Dirmstein COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dirmstein]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Kurpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || principality || [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] || || [[Holy Roman Empire]] || historic coat of arms
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Meckenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Meckenheim (Pfalz)|Meckenheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Auerbach Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Auerbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Amberg-Sulzbach || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Baernau.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bärnau]] || Tirschenreuth || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Friesenheim.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Friesenheim, Rhineland-Palatinate|Friesenheim]]<br />''part of [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hassloch COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Haßloch]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Kemnath.png|50x50px]] || town || [[Kemnath]] || Tirschenreuth || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Mendig COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Mendig|Mendig]] || county Mayen-Koblenz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, to 1973
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Moosbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Moosbach (Oberpfalz)|Moosbach]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Neckarhausen.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Edingen-Neckarhausen|Neckarhausen]]<br />''part of [[Edingen-Neckarhausen]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niederotterbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederotterbach]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberotterbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberotterbach]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Saarpfalz-Kreis.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Saarpfalz-Kreis]] || || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Weiden in der Oberpfalz]] || Weiden in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Wachenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Wachenheim|Wachenheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Leimen (Baden) COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Leimen (Baden)|Leimen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrownded, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Emmelshausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Emmelshausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen gruenstadt-land.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Grünstadt-Land|Grünstadt-Land]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim|Tauberbischofsheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen thaleischweiler verb.jpg|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Thaleischweiler-Fröschen|Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Waldalgesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Waldalgesheim]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen VG Freinsheim.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Freinsheim|Freinsheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freisen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Freisen]] || [[Landkreis St. Wendel|St. Wendel]] || Saarland || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm|Nieder-Olm]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen des Saarlands.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Saarland]] || || Saarland || [[Landeswappen des Saarlandes|Wappendetails]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schnaittach COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Schnaittach]] || Nürnberger Land || Bavaria || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Tiefenbach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Tiefenbach (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wiesbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grasellenbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Grasellenbach]] || [[Kreis Bergstraße|Bergstraße]] || [[Hesse]] ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Heltersberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heltersberg]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Waldfischbach.png|50x50px]] || parish || [[Waldfischbach]]<br />''part of [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]]'' || [[Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben|VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Fronhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Fronhofen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné, tail queue fourchée
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Dachau.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Dachau, Bavaria|Dachau]] || [[Landkreis Dachau|Dachau]] || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Sandhofen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Mannheim-Sandhofen|Sandhofen]]<br />''part of [[Mannheim]]'' || Mannheim || Baden-Württemberg || a lion or contourné, armed or, uncrowned, bears a bishop's crozier
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hohenfels (Oberpfalz).svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Hohenfels (Oberpfalz)|Hohenfels]] || [[Oberpfalz]] || [[Bavaria]] || a lion or regardant, langued gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mussbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Mußbach (Neustadt)|Mußbach]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wallhalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wallhalben]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frankweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Frankweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Landau-Land|VG Landau-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Gimmeldingen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Gimmeldingen]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Haardt COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Haardt (Neustadt)|Haardt]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Heidelberg.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Heidelberg (district)|Heidelberg]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Hof COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Hof (district)|Hof]] || Oberfranken || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kusel COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Lachen-Speyerdorf.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Lachen-Speyerdorf]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Mühldorf am Inn (district)|Mühldorf am Inn]] || Upper Bavaria || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neuerkirch COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neuerkirch]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz|Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Oberpfalz || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Tirschenreuth COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth|Tirschenreuth]] || Oberpfalz || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schirmitz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schirmitz]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || contournéer Rumpf
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Barbelroth COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Barbelroth]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Birkenhördt COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Birkenhördt]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Neustadt Weinstraße.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned (to 2003 "Landkreis Ludwigshafen")
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Sargenroth COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Sargenroth]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Südliche Weinstraße]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Külz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Külz (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, in blue with a church
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bad Dürkheim.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Bad Dürkheim (district)|Bad Dürkheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Nohfelden COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Nohfelden]] || St. Wendel || Saarland || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach.png|50x50px]] || county || [[Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Amberg-Sulzbach || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Bammental.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bammental]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Edenkoben COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Edenkoben]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Edenkoben|VG Edenkoben]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Frankenthal COA.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Frankenthal (Pfalz) (district)|Frankenthal (Pfalz)]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:CoA Meckesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Meckesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, armed or und uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Bezirk Oberpfalz.png|50x50px]] || higher ad. || [[Upper Palatinate]] || Upper Palatinate provincial authority || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rosenkopf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Rosenkopf]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Schwandorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Waldhilsbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Waldhilsbach]]<br />''part of [[Neckargemünd]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Walsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Walsheim]] || VG Landau-Land || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Weinheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Weinheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Heddesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heddesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Krähenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Krähenberg]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Pleizenhausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Pleizenhausen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Boehl.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Böhl-Iggelheim|Böhl]]<br />''part of [[Böhl-Iggelheim]]'' || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Brücken (Pfalz) COA.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Brücken (Pfalz)]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Schönenberg-Kübelberg|VG Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant, bears a golden hammer
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frettenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Frettenheim]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Kuembdchen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Kümbdchen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lambrecht COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Lambrecht (Pfalz)|Lambrecht]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || obere Hälfte, passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Simmern COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Simmern/Hunsrück]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück|| Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Simmern COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Simmern/Hunsrück|Simmern/Hunsrück]] || Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bruck in der Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Bruck in der Oberpfalz]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schlammersdorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schlammersdorf]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Altlußheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altlußheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned demi-lion, with a bishop’s crozier
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bad Tölz.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bad Tölz]] || [[Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Bavaria || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz|Ilbesheim]] || VG Landau-Land || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion from a triple hill issuant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Selzen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Selzen]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bearing a key argent
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Alzey COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Alzey]] || [[Alzey-Worms]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Amberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Amberg]] || Amberg || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dorn-Duerkheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dorn-Dürkheim]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|VG Rhein-Selz]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Eimsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Eimsheim]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|VG Rhein-Selz]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Erdesbac.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Erdesbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Germersheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Germersheim|Germersheim]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-heinzenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heinzenhausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hochborn COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Hochborn]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Hockenheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Hockenheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Kirchenpingarten COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Kirchenpingarten]] || [[Landkreis Bayreuth|Bayreuth]] || Bavaria || demi-lion, bears a [[skep]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oberhochstadt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || Oberhochstadt || [[Hochstadt (Pfalz)]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bears a fusil argent (to 1969)
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schwandorf]] || [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Sprendlingen-Gensingen COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Sprendlingen-Gensingen|Sprendlingen-Gensingen]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate || azure field
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Eslarn.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Eslarn]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Biebelnheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Biebelnheim]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Harthausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Harthausen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || two demi-lions, c.f. the older coat of arms
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Harthausen alt.png|50x50px]] || (older coat of arms) || [[Harthausen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || 1845–1951, two uncrowned lions combattant, bearing a millstone
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Niedereisenbach.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || Niedereisenbach || [[Landkreis Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Alfeld (Mittelfranken).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Alfeld (Mittelfranken)]] || [[Landkreis Nürnberger Land|Nürnberger Land]] || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Steindorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steindorf (Schwaben)|Steindorf]] || Aichach-Friedberg || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Alzey-Land COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Alzey-Land|Alzey-Land]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Belgweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Belgweiler]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Manubach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Manubach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bearing an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Undenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Undenheim]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-glanbruecken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Glanbrücken]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Erharting.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Erharting]] || Mühldorf am Inn || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Höheischweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Höheischweiler]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb wallhalben.jpg|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Wallhalben|Wallhalben]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Annweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Annweiler am Trifels|Annweiler am Trifels]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || Ludwigshafen || || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned, bearing a golden key
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Münchweiler am Klingbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Münchweiler am Klingbach]] || VG Annweiler am Trifels || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Upper Bavaria || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Nahe COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Nahe|Rhein-Nahe]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim|Deidesheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb hettenleidelheim.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Hettenleidelheim|Hettenleidelheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niederheimbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederheimbach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Albersweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Albersweiler]] || VG Annweiler am Trifels || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Schwetzingen.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schwetzingen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freinsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Freinsheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Bad-Bergzabern COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Bad Bergzabern|Bad Bergzabern]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Laaber.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Laaber]] || Regensburg || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Baar (Schwaben).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Baar (Schwaben)|Baar]] || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg|Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schwarzenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schwarzenbach (Oberpfalz)]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hirschbach (Oberpfalz).png|50x50px]] || village || [[Hirschbach (Oberpfalz)|Hirschbach]] || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach|Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Burglengenfeld.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Burglengenfeld]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || head only, cabossed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mörsch 1919-1987.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Mörsch (Frankenthal)|Mörsch]]<br />''part of [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]]'' || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mörsch.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Mörsch (Frankenthal)|Mörsch]]<br />''part of [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]]'' || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oggersheim1.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Oggersheim]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grevenhausen.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Lambrecht (Pfalz)|Grevenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Lambrecht (Pfalz)]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wachenheim an der Weinstraße]]|| Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Rockenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Rockenhausen]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niedermoschel COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niedermoschel]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberndorf (Pfalz) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)|Oberndorf]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Sitters COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Sitters, Germany|Sitters]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Einselthum COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Einselthum]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mörsfeld COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mörsfeld]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb rockenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rockenhausen|Rockenhausen]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dielkirchen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dielkirchen]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Gundersweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Gundersweiler]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ransweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ransweiler]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ruppertsecken COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ruppertsecken]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bellheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bellheim]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Berg (Pfalz) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Berg (Pfalz)]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neuburg am Rhein COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neuburg am Rhein]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Erlenbach bei Kandel.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Erlenbach bei Kandel]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Winden.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen bruchmuhlbach vg.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Bruchmühlbach-Miesau|Bruchmühlbach-Miesau]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bruchmühlbach-Miesau.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Bruchmühlbach-Miesau]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Frankelbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Frankelbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen ramstein miesenbach verb.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Ramstein-Miesenbach|Ramstein-Miesenbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Hütschenhausen.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Hütschenhausen]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Huetschenhausen-alt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Katzenbach (Huetschenhausen).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen|Katzenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Spesbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen|Spesbach]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Niedermohr.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Niedermohr]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Niedermohr-alt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Niedermohr]]<br />part of ''[[Niedermohr]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Reuschbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Niedermohr|Reuschbach]]<br />part of ''[[Niedermohr]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Ramstein-Miesenbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Ramstein-Miesenbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Ramstein.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ramstein-Miesenbach|Ramstein]]<br />part of ''[[Ramstein-Miesenbach]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen steinwenden.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinwenden]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Steinwenden]]-Weltersbach<br />part of ''[[Steinwenden]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Steinwenden|Weltersbach]]<br />part of ''[[Steinwenden]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Reichenbach (Reichenbach-Steegen) COA.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Reichenbach-Steegen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Fockenberg-Limbach COA.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Fockenberg-Limbach]]<br />part of ''[[Reichenbach-Steegen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Zweibruecken.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Zweibrücken (district)|Zweibrücken]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Battweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Battweiler]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bergzabern.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Bad Bergzabern (district)|Bad Bergzabern]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landau.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landau (district)|Landau]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grafenhausen (Annweiler am Trifels).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Annweiler am Trifels|Gräfenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Annweiler am Trifels]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dörrenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dörrenbach]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rechtenbach (Schweigen-Rechtenbach).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach|Rechtenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Muehlhofen (Billigheim-Ingenheim).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Billigheim-Ingenheim|Mühlhofen]]<br />part of ''[[Billigheim-Ingenheim]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hallgarten COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Hallgarten (Pfalz)|Hallgarten]] || Bad Kreuznach || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberhausen an der Nahe COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberhausen an der Nahe]] || Bad Kreuznach || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Sankt Ingbert COA.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[St. Ingbert (district)|St. Ingbert]] || || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bliesdalheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Bliesdalheim]]<br />part of ''[[Gersheim]]'' || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU St.Ingbert COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[St. Ingbert]] || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU_Hassel_(Saar)_COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hassel (Saar)|Hassel]]<br />part of ''[[St. Ingbert]]'' || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Bad Kreuznach COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen VG Traben-Trabach v2.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach|Traben-Trarbach]] || Kreis Bernkastel-Wittlich || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Pfalzdorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Pfalzdorf]]<br />''part of [[Goch]]'' || Kreis Kleve || North Rhine-Westphalia ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ibersheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Worms-Ibersheim|Ibersheim]]<br />''part of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]'' || Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rheinduerkheim.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Worms, Germany|Rheindürkheim]]<br />''part of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]'' || Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Albig COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Albig]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate|| demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freimersheim (Rheinhessen) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Freimersheim (Rheinhessen)]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate|| holding the letter "F" in its forepaws
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Rheinauen COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Rheinauen (Verbandsgemeinde)|Rheinauen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz COA.svg|50x50px]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|Rhein-Selz]] || Landkreis Mainz-Bingen ||Rheinland-Pfalz||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Merzhausen rgb.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Merzhausen (Usingen)|Merzhausen]]<br />''part of [[Usingen]]'' || [[Hochtaunuskreis]] || Hesse ||
|}

== The Palatine Lion in coats of arms of the German Armed Forces ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7"
! class="unsortable"| Coat of arms || Unit || Location
|-
| align="center" | [[File:LKdo Rheinland-Pfalz.gif|30px]] || ''[[Landeskommando]]'' of Rhineland-Palatinate || in [[Mainz]] in the [[Generalfeldzeugmeister]] Barracks
|}

== See also ==
* [[Electoral Rhenish Circle]]

* Wappenbuch des Landkreises Cochem-Zell, Darmstadt 2001, v. Alfons Friderichs, {{ISBN|3-00-008064-3}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.heidelberginfo.co.za/UK/Logo.awp Heidelberg, Western Cape, South Africa]

{{Commons category|Lion of Palatinate in heraldry }}

[[Category:Armorials|Palatine Lion]]
[[Category:History of the Palatinate (region)|Palatine Lion list]]
[[Category:Culture of the Palatinate (region)|Palatine Lioni list]]
[[Category:Electoral Palatinate]]

Oberstaufenbach

2024-12-09T06:19:34Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Oberstaufenbach.jpg → File:DEU Oberstaufenbach COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo = Oberstaufenbach01.jpg
|image_coa = DEU Oberstaufenbach COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|30|53.25|N|7|30|33.34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Oberstaufenbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 254
|area = 2.68
|postal_code = 66879
|area_code = 06385
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 071
|website = [http://www.altenglan.de/index.php?gid=10 altenglan.de]
|mayor = Thomas Andes<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Oberstaufenbach''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Oberstaufenbach lies between [[Kaiserslautern]] and [[Kusel]] on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' (State Road) 367 in the valley of the Reichenbach, a tributary to the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]], and at the foot of the [[Potzberg]] in the [[North Palatine Uplands]] on the river's left bank and at the foot of the Heidenburg (today a [[quarry]]) on the river's right bank. Culturally and historically, it lies in the middle of the Kusel ''[[Musikantenland]]'' ("Minstrels' Land"). The land within municipal limits exhibits a variable [[topography]], with heights ranging from 240 to 400 m above [[sea level]]. The village's elevation is 254 m above sea level. With reference to slope, the lands within Oberstaufenbach might be described as being 10% even, 25% leaning, 45% sloped and 20% steep. The village originally arose in the dale. The municipal area measures 268 ha, of which about 37 ha is wooded and 211 ha is under [[Agriculture|agricultural]] use (170 ha cropland and 40 ha meadowland).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Oberstaufenbach borders in the north on the municipality of [[Niederstaufenbach]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Reichenbach-Steegen]], in the west on the municipality of [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Föckelberg]].

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Oberstaufenbach is the outlying homestead of Birkenhof, which was built in 1965 as an ''[[Aussiedlerhof]]'', an [[Agriculture|agricultural]] settlement whose goal was to enhance food production.<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125005812/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf |date=2015-11-25 }}, Seite 97 (PDF)</ref> There is also the ''Oberstaufenbacher Mühle'' ([[mill (grinding)|mill]]).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Constituent communities]</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
Oberstaufenbach can be considered a clump village with loosely scattered houses. The original settlement grew on the Reichenbach's left bank and on both sides of the Limbach. Only with the building of the road in the Reichenbach valley did residential development arise here, along the road, both towards [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]] and towards [[Niederstaufenbach]]. Also built were houses along former farm lanes. Over the last two decades, the slopes near the village have also been opened to extensive building development. Worthy of note is an armorial stone found on the gable at the family Grill's house. It came about 1871/1872 as a [[Keystone (architecture)|keystone]] from a gateway arch to Oberstaufenbach. In [[Weilerbach]], the house's builder had acquired bits of the former Schellenberger Hof, among other things the stones from the gateway arch, when that estate was torn down. He brought them to Oberstaufenbach, thinking to use them in his own building work. He set the keystone, which bears the von Horn [[coat of arms]], in the walling in his house's gable. As early as 1855, the municipality of Oberstaufenbach laid out its own graveyard on the way out of the village going towards [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]], and not many years ago, it also had a mortuary built there. The former Heidenburg (literally “{{linktext|heathen}} [[castle]]”) is described in literature time and again as a ''Römerkastell'' (“[[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[Castra|fort]]”). Only in the 1994 publication ''Oberstaufenbach im Wandel der Zeit'' (“Oberstaufenbach Through the Ages”) can a systematic reappraisal of this storied knoll be found. The writer came to the following conclusion: The knoll was fortified from early to middle [[La Tène culture|La Tène times]]. In [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, nothing more than grave monuments and [[Jupiter Column|godstones]] were set up there. Reports of [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds during the 19th century mention almost nothing but carved images, and conspicuous by their almost utter absence are reports of any finds of coins. Thus, any notion that a Roman fort once stood upon the knoll must be thoroughly revised. In the 10th century, there may well have been a wooden [[chapel]] standing there, and it seems likely that in the centuries that followed, this would have been replaced with a stone building. At the same time, work on a tower castle began. No later than the 12th century, this castle was provided with a girding wall and a well shaft. Nevertheless, the castle was forsaken before the [[Middle Ages]] had even ended, and hence, a written mention of it is nowhere to be found. In the 19th century, the knoll became the location for something else, a hard-stone [[quarry]]. The work there removed any remnant of the old castle that had lain there for centuries. Also unearthed at the site were pieces of Roman grave monuments, which might themselves have been used later to build the castle. In bygone centuries, the municipal area was a tangle of crisscrossing property lines, with often very small fields. In 1976, however, ''[[Flurbereinigung]]'' was undertaken, forming contiguous blocks of farmland, some quite big.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Partial settlement, even before [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, can be confirmed by [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds on the Heidenburg from [[La Tène culture|La Tène times]]. What can also be established is that there were settlers here in Roman times. Remnants left by them were being unearthed on the Heidenburg up until the late 19th century. Despite the common assumption that there was a Roman fortification on this hilltop, there was actually only a Roman graveyard.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
In the village of Oberhausen (see [[#Vanished villages|'''Vanished villages''']] below), people may once again have settled within what are now Oberstaufenbach's limits as early as the 8th century. Sometime in the [[Early Middle Ages]], a [[castle]] complex was built, in which the available Roman grave monuments would have been used. This castle was not used for very long, though, and any trace of it was finally destroyed by stone quarrying in the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1393, Oberstaufenbach had its first documentary mention in a document of bestowal from Count Friedrich of Veldenz. Professor [[Kreimbach-Kaulbach#Sons and daughters of the town|Ernst Christmann]], however, was of the opinion that there were already settlers in what is now Oberstaufenbach by 900, for [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Otto I]] in 945 granted a liegeman six ''Königshufen'' (an area of land) that lay between [[Bosenbach]] and [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]], that is to say, within what are now Oberstaufenbach's and Niederstaufenbach's limits. Whatever the facts were, Oberstaufenbach was not mentioned by name in this document. Count Friedrich's 1393 document, however, in which he granted his wife Margareta von Nassau villages belonging to the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Ämter]]'' of Reichenbach and Theisbergstegen, lists Oberstaufenbach by name, along with all the other villages that he gave his wife. About the turn of the second millennium, the village belonged to the [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''Reichsland'') near [[Kaiserslautern]]. Back then, Oberstaufenbach was considered part of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Deinsberg (Theißberg) am Glan, where the parochial seat could also be found. This ''Amt'' ended up by pledge in the ownership of the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] and passed in 1444 to [[Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]], as rightful heir to the County of Veldenz.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Middle Ages]</ref><ref>[http://www.oberstaufenbach.de/chronik/index.html Oberstaufenbach’s history]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1543, the ''Amt'' area, now described as the Jettenbacher Gericht (“court”), was grouped into the then newly formed Principality of Veldenz-Lauterecken. Also belonging to this until 1697 was Oberstaufenbach. It was then that [[Electoral Palatinate]] troops [[Military occupation|occupied]] the former Veldenz ''Ämter'' of Lauterecken and Reichenbach to lend weight to the Electorate's inheritance claims. In the end, the ''Amt'' of Reichenbach remained with Electoral Palatinate as of 1733.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were [[Annexation|annexed]] by France. Oberstaufenbach now belonged to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Bosenbach, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). After the French were driven out in 1814, the [[Congress of Vienna]] established a new political order in post-Napoleonic [[Europe]]. In 1816, after a transitional time, Oberstaufenbach was grouped into the ''bayerischer Rheinkreis'', later known as ''Rheinpfalz'' (“Rhenish Palatinate”), an [[exclave]] of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. More locally, Oberstaufenbach was grouped into the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Neunkirchen, the Canton of Wolfstein and the ''Landkommissariat'' of Kusel. After the [[Second World War]], Oberstaufenbach found itself in the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Until the formation of the ''Verbandsgemeinden'' in 1972, Oberstaufenbach was assigned to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Neunkirchen am Potzberg. Upon formation of the ''Verbandsgemeinden'', Oberstaufenbach found itself in the [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]] in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Recent times]</ref> Only in 1975 did the municipality finally decide to undertake ''[[Flurbereinigung]]'' after eight landowners put forth a proposal that led to approval by municipal council on 16 October of that year. The municipality received a subsidy covering 87% of the cost of rearranging properties, which resulted in, among other things, the utter obliteration of the old network of paths and the laying out of a whole new one. Roughly 5 km of farm lanes were paved with [[Asphalt concrete|blacktop]] and a footpath and cycle path was built from Oberstaufenbach to Niederstaufenbach. Further, the new building area “Hahnwege” was surveyed and subdivided; part of the existing village was also surveyed.<ref>[http://www.oberstaufenbach.de/chronik/index.html Oberstaufenbach’s history]</ref>

===The Heidenburg===
Since the 19th century, the Heidenburg (literally “{{linktext|heathen}} [[castle]]”) has been known as ''Römerkastell'' (“[[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[Castra|fort]]”). Beginning about 1855, this melaphyr-bearing land was a stone quarry where paving stones were made. These were sold as far away as [[France]]. Beginning in 1862, the municipally owned land was let to various tenants. The considerable income from rent led to the municipality being rather well off. Only in 1885 were [[Archaeology|archaeological]] investigations begun and a survey of the remaining ruins undertaken. By this time, a good three fourths of the complex had fallen victim to quarrying. The quarrymen's statements allowed investigators to reconstruct the ringwall's alignment at least. According to these, the Heidenburg had once had an oval fortification with an almost straight south wall. The ringwall had a breadth of 1.50 to 1.80 m and enclosed an area about 100 m long and 69 m wide. Buildings still stood, but only in the southern part of the complex that had still been preserved in 1855. A well 90 cm in diameter could be traced to a depth of 40 m, but the bottom could not be reached. On the southeastern side, two nearly complete buildings were observed, but of a third only one wall remained. The use of [[Mortar (masonry)|mortar]] in the [[masonry]] and the lack of any clearly Roman materials give rise to doubts about the complex dating from Roman times. Rather, it would seem, going by archaeological finds, to be a [[castle]] complex from the [[High Middle Ages]], the 11th and 12th centuries, but whatever nobles owned it is quite unknown.<ref>[http://www.oberstaufenbach.de/chronik/index.html Oberstaufenbach’s history]</ref>

===Population development===
Oberstaufenbach was originally inhabited only by farmers, but bit by bit, many villagers also sought livelihoods in [[Quarry|quarries]] and [[Mining|mines]]. Today the village is a residential community for people of the most varied of occupations, who for the most part are commuting to jobs outside the village. In the future, the village will gain importance for [[recreation]] seekers and [[tourism]]. During the 19th century, population figures kept rising steadily, if not very quickly, even though [[emigration]] was taking place. A drop in the earlier half of the 20th century can be explained by emigration and migrations to other parts of Germany. In the latter half of the 20th century, there was for a short while considerable growth in population figures fostered by the village's favourable location near both [[Kusel]] and [[Kaiserslautern]]. This development, though, does not seem to be continuing.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Oberstaufenbach, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Oberstaufenbach’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1787 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 2003 || 2007 || 20011|| 2019
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 91 || 188 || 195 || 202 || 216 || 183 || 206 || 293 || 246 || 247|| 278
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   || 36 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 35 ||   ||   || 67 ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   || 152 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 171 ||   ||   || 138 ||  
|- align="center"
| '''Others''' ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 41 ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The name “Oberstaufenbach” ends in the syllable ''—bach'' ([[German language|German]] for “brook”), as do many other placenames in the region. Prefixed to this is the syllable ''stauf—'', from the [[Middle High German]] word ''Stouf'', defined as “towering rock, comparable to an upended beaker without a bottom”. Historical forms of the name are, among others, ''Stauffenbach'' (1377), ''ober Stauffenbach'' (1393), ''Stauffenbach'' (1430), ''Oberstauffenbach'' (1567), ''Ober Stauffenbach'' (1593) and Oberstaufenbach (1824). The name is drawn from the former melaphyre deposit north of the village, which has now been quarried away. This towering mountain knoll was described as a ''Stouf'' in earlier times, giving the village part of its name. The brook that flows by here may well have been called the Staufenbach at that time, and hence the name means a brook that flows between stones and cliffs. Over the ages, however, the name Reichenbach came to be applied to the whole brook, a name drawn from the neighbouring village of [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Municipality’s name]</ref> The prefix ''Ober—'' means “upper”, and now distinguishes Oberstaufenbach from nearby [[Niederstaufenbach]].

===Vanished villages===
Oberhausen, a village that arose in the 8th century, might have lain where now the road leaves Oberstaufenbach on the way to [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]]. There are still a few rural cadastral names just there that commemorate the old village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
In the [[Middle Ages]], Oberstaufenbach belonged to the parish of Deinsberg (Theisberg). After a [[chapel]] was built in [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]], villagers attended services there. The pastor from [[Theisbergstegen|Deinsberg]] had to hold these services. After the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], a chaplain, who at least temporarily lived in Neunkirchen, was responsible for the chapel. In the latter half of the 16th century, the parish of Neunkirchen was tended by the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] pastor in [[Bosenbach]]. When in 1588 [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] completed the changeover to the [[Calvinism|Reformed]] faith, the Neunkirchen congregation, which was a Veldenz holding, had to hire their own pastor. Indeed, in the Veldenz ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Reichenbach, the inhabitants remained Lutheran throughout the time from the Reformation to the Union of the two [[Protestantism|Protestant]] denominations in the early 19th century. Only in 1746 was a Reformed parish established at Neunkirchen to serve the few Calvinists in the ''Amt'' of Reichenbach. In 1825, the Protestant share of Oberstaufenbach's population was some 80%. Today, they are still parochially united with Neunkirchen. Oberstaufenbach's few [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] have been attending services in [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]] ever since a new Catholic parish was established there. This arrangement has stood to this day. Besides a chapel that might once have stood in the area of the [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] [[castle]] complex, there has never been a [[church (building)|church]] in Oberstaufenbach itself. However, in 2000, the game tenant Kolb had a chapel built in Oberstaufenbach, consecrated to [[Saint Hubertus (first Bishop of Liège)|Saint Hubert]]. Disagreements with the building authorities resulted in a partial dismantling of this chapel, which stands on the village's outskirts.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360107100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Oberstaufenbach's mayor is Thomas Andes.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''{{lang|de|Unter silbernem Schildhaupt, darin ein blauer Wellenbalken, in schwarz ein rotbewehrter, -bezungter und -bekrönter goldener Löwe vor einem aus dem rechten Schildrand hervorkommenden goldenen Stufenfelsen.}}''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Sable issuant from base and dexter crags Or and to sinister a lion rampant of the same armed, langued and crowned gules, on a chief argent a fess wavy azure.

Oberstaufenbach's arms bear the same [[charge (heraldry)|charge]]s in the same composition as Niederstaufenbach's. The only heraldic difference lies in the [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s. Those in the main field are the ones formerly borne by the Duchy of [[Palatine Zweibrücken]] in its arms, while the tinctures on the [[chief (heraldry)|chief]] are the ones formerly borne by the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] in their arms. Both these states were once lords. The lion is a reference to the village's former allegiance to [[Electoral Palatinate]]. The crags and the wavy fess on the chief are [[Canting arms|canting]] charges for the municipality's name, ''Stauf'' being an archaic word for “crag” in [[German language|German]] (the usual word is ''Fels'' or ''Felsen''), and the wavy fess standing for a brook, or in German, ''Bach''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Description and explanation of Oberstaufenbach’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* At Hauptstraße 5 – armorial stone of the Barons of Horn
* At Hohlstraße 2 – elaborate post-Baroque [[sandstone]] portal, about 1800
* Hohlstraße 4 – corner estate, essentially from the late 18th century; [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] building plastered, partly solid, expansion 1828, conversion of commercial building 1853
* Hohlstraße 6 – three-sided estate, 1823; ''Quereinhaus'' (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), expansion after 1845
* Mühlwaldstraße 2, former mill (monumental zone) – group of houses consisting of house with mill wing, 1791, two commercial buildings, 19th century; Roman [[spolia]]

===Natural monuments===
Oberstaufenbach has two notable natural monuments, both of them [[Tilia|limetrees]] planted in 1896. If one goes through the village towards [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]], one first comes to the ''Bismarcklinde'', which was planted in the [[Otto von Bismarck|former Imperial President’s]] honour (he had been dismissed from office six years earlier by [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II]]). On the other side of the bridge stands the ''Luitpoldlinde'', which was planted in [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] [[Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria|Prince Regent Luitpold’s]] honour (the Palatinate was a Bavarian [[exclave]] at the time).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Natural monuments]</ref>

===Regular events===
The local customs are the ones that are generally found in the Westrich, an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and [[France]]. The [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerwe'') is held on the third weekend in September.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
About 1900, Oberstaufenbach had a ''Waffenbrüderverein'' (“brothers in arms club”), a singing club and a pig husbandry club. As of 2005, there are a ''Heidenburgverein'' (dedicated to the [[castle]]), a ''[[Stammtisch]]'' and a women's [[choir]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
In the 19th century Oberstaufenbach had a few major homesteads belonging to wealthy farmers. They kept the [[Glan Cattle|Glan-Donnersberg breed]] of [[cattle]], typical of this part of the country. Quite early on – before 1900 – a [[threshing]] cooperative arose in Oberstaufenbach, one that maintained a [[threshing machine]] with a [[traction engine]]. At the knoll at the top of the do-called Heidenburg, work began at a hard-stone [[quarry]]. Paving stones were mainly what was made there. The knoll was repeatedly, but with interruptions, let to various parties. The quarry was finally given up about 1960. The ''Oberstaufenbacher Mühle'' ([[mill (grinding)|mill]]) with its overshot [[waterwheel]] may well have been built in the 16th century. It had its first documentary mention in 1571. The mill was in ''Erbbestand'' (a uniquely German landhold arrangement in which ownership rights and usage rights were separated; this is forbidden by law in modern Germany) and belonged to the Duke of [[Palatine Zweibrücken]]. In 1600, it passed to the Veldenz comital line at [[Lauterecken]]. It had to be built all over again after the [[Thirty Years' War]], but that was done quite quickly. In the 18th century, the mill had both gristmilling and husking functions. In the late 18th century, it had two waterwheels, although the two were seldom run at once, for the water availability was usually low. The mill was shut down for good after the [[Second World War]]. Worthy of note for being among the village's few craft businesses are the family Engel's [[Forge|smithy]] and [[locksmith]]’s shop. Over many generations, the family Engel ran a [[farrier]]’s and [[Wainwright (occupation)|wainwright]]’s shop. Today, farm equipment is repaired here and locksmith's products are made.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
In 1845, Oberstaufenbach had a [[one-room school]]house that had been built as early as 1824. About 1960, the village had a one-class [[Protestantism|Protestant]] denominational school. Today, [[primary school]] pupils attend classes at the primary school in [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]], while [[Hauptschule]] students attend the [[Regionale Schule]] in [[Altenglan]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Oberstaufenbach lies on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 367, which links [[Altenglan]] with [[Kaiserslautern]]. In the village itself, ''Landesstraße'' 364 branches off ''Landesstraße'' 367. This leads by the Potzberg's peak and links Oberstaufenbach with the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] near Gimsbach, an outlying centre of [[Matzenbach]]. Fourteen kilometres to the southwest runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]) with its ''Glan-Münchweiler'' and ''Konken'' [[interchange (road)|interchanges]], each some 10 km away. Also lying roughly 10 km away is the ''Kaiserslautern West'' interchange on the Autobahn [[Bundesautobahn 6|A 6]] ([[Saarbrücken]]–[[Mannheim]]).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Transport]</ref> Serving [[Theisbergstegen]] is a [[railway station]] on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]], which is served by [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67, called the ''Glantalbahn'' (the name of which refers to the [[Glan Valley Railway]], which shared some of the route of the Landstuhl–Kusel line, including at Theisbergstegen).

===Recent developments===
Oberstaufenbach was once characterized by [[agriculture]], but has undergone a shift to a residential community. The village's geographical location puts it in a thinly settled and economically weak region. Roughly 90% of the population is made up of [[Commuting|commuters]], earning their livelihoods mainly in the [[Kaiserslautern]] area. In 1975, the municipality's then population figure of 164 was nearly doubled by the opening of several new building areas. Roughly 120 [[United States|Americans]] live in Oberstaufenbach, these being [[NATO]] personnel and their families.<ref>{{Cite web | last = Grabski-Kieron | first = Ulrike | title = Umnutzung Alter Gebäude | url = http://www.ism.rlp.de/no_cache/staedte-und-gemeinden/dorferneuerung/umnutzung-alter-gebaeude/?cid=30904&did=23613&sechash=e23fea92 | format = pdf | page = 266 |language=de | access-date = 15 July 2011}}</ref> The village lies a mere 15 km from [[Ramstein Air Base]], and these personnel make up twenty-five percent of Oberstaufenbach's population.<ref>{{Cite web | last = Keck | first = Thomas | title = Oberstaufenbach | publisher = [[Südwestrundfunk]] | date = 2006-10-19 | url = http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2353876/1tdwp6z/ |language=de | access-date = 15 July 2011}}</ref>

==People==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
* Daniel Kuntz (b. 1860; d. 1959 in [[Boston]]), musician
Oberstaufenbach's village square features an old vaulted basement upon which the festival hall has been built. Originally, though, this basement bore an old house that had to be torn down because it had fallen into disrepair. This was unfortunate,{{original research inline|date=February 2017}} for this house had been the one where the violinist and musician Daniel Kuntz had been born. He was born here on 19 April 1860 and was one of the ''Wandermusikanten'', travelling musicians who went around the world to earn their livelihood at their craft between 1861 and 1922. He later had musical training in the [[United States]]. Kuntz was one of the [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]]’s founding members, and he remained a member for 33 years. He enjoyed worldwide fame, bearing witness to which was his engagement at the age of 31 as a violin soloist at [[Bayreuth]]’s [[Bayreuth Festspielhaus|Festspielhaus]]. Daniel Kuntz died in [[Boston]] at the age of 99. He was the last surviving musician from the Boston Symphony Orchestra's founding season.<ref>[http://www.stokowski.org/Boston_Symphony_Musicians_List.htm#Kuntz, Daniel Entry about Daniel Kuntz at ''Stokowski'']</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7566 Famous people]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.kuselermusikantenland.de/gemeinden/oberstaufenbach/ Oberstaufenbach] {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.oberstaufenbach.de/willkommen/index.html Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

User:ChryZ MUC/rauten challenge

2024-12-08T06:01:53Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen Landkreis Straubing-Bogen.png → File:DEU Landkreis Straubing-Bogen COA.svg PNG → SVG

==Bayerische Rauten==
Um die Challenge zu bestehen, müsst Ihr folgende Bedingungen erfüllt haben:
* 1. Mindestens einen Fund in den Landkreisen Bayerns (32) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]] und Baden-Württembergs (2) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
* 2. Mindestens einen Fund in je einer Gemeinde Bayerns (von 87) {{tick|20}}, Baden-Württembergs (von 16) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]], Oberösterreich (von 10) {{tick|20}} und Rheinland-Pfalz (von 4 ''Verbandsgemeinden'') {{tick|20}}
* 3. Bild von Euch vor dem Wappen des Grafen von Bogen (siehe Waypoint) [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
* 4. Mindestens 100 Punkte [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]], wobei die Gemeinden aus folgenden Regionen wie folgt zählen (Gewichtung ausgehend vom Final in München):
** Oberbayern: 1 Punkt
** Niederbayern, Schwaben und Tirol: 2 Punkte
** Mittelfranken, Oberösterreich und Oberpfalz: 3 Punkte
** Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Niederösterreich, Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland: 5 Punkte
** Belgien und Niederlande: 10 Punkte

{{Aligned table
|cols=3 |class=wikitable sortable
|col1align=left |col2align=center
|row1header=on
| Bundesland | Einheit | Anteil
| {{flag|Baden-Württemberg}} | Landkreise | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Bayern}} | Landkreise | {{Percentage bar| 94|30/32|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Baden-Württemberg}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/16|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Bayern}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 43|37/87|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Flemish Brabant}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Hessen}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Niederösterreich}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Oberösterreich}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 20|2/10|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Rheinland-Pfalz}} | Verbandsgemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 25|1/4|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Saarland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|South Holland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Tirol}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar|100|2/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
| {{flag|Zeeland}} | Gemeinden | {{Percentage bar| 0|0/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}}
}}

Wer clever ist, kann mit einem Cache mehrere Bedingungen gleichzeitig erledigen: Bspw. zahlt eine gefundene Dose in Dasing mit 2 Punkten für Bedingung 4 ein und erledigt den Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg von Bedingung 1. Bzw. generell gilt: Wird noch ein Landkreis für Bedingung 1 benötigt, schaut gleich mal, ob es darin nicht eine Gemeinde gibt, für die Ihr Punkte für Bedingung 4 sammeln könnt.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:Wappen landkreis coburg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Coburg|Coburg]] || Landkreis || Oberfranken || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Karlsruhe (district).svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Karlsruhe|Karlsruhe]] || Landkreis || Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Miltenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Miltenberg|Miltenberg]] || Landkreis || Unterfranken || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis.svg|20px]] [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Landkreis || Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Abensberg.svg|20px]] [[Abensberg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Auerbach Oberpfalz.svg|20px]] [[Auerbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bad Abbach.svg|20px]] [[Bad Abbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Baernau.svg|20px]] [[Bärnau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Bammental.svg|20px]] [[Bammental]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bayerisch Gmain.svg|20px]] [[Bayerisch Gmain]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Beratzhausen.svg|20px]] [[Beratzhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of Arms Bretten (de).svg|20px]] [[Bretten]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Karlsruhe]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Burglengenfeld.svg|20px]] [[Burglengenfeld]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:WappenBürstadt.svg|20px]] [[Bürstadt]] || Gemeinde || [[Bergstraße (district)|Bergstraße]] || Hessen || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Eggenfelden.svg|20px]] [[Eggenfelden]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Rottal-Inn]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Elztal COA.svg|20px]] [[Elztal (Odenwald)]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Ergoldsbach coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Ergoldsbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Eschelbronn.svg|20px]] [[Eschelbronn]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|20px]] [[Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Eschlkam.svg|20px]] [[Eschlkam]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT Feldkirchen bei Mattighofen COA.png|20px]] [[Feldkirchen bei Mattighofen]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Feldkirchen Straubing-Bogen.png|20px]] [[Feldkirchen (Niederbayern)]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Flossenbürg.svg|20px]] [[Flossenbürg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at franking.png|20px]] [[Franking]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Freihung.svg|20px]] [[Freihung]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Geiselhöring.svg|20px]] [[Geiselhöring]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Goes.svg|20px]] [[Goes]] || Gemeinde || [[Zeeland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Grafenau Ndb.jpg|20px]] [[Grafenau (Niederbayern)]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Grafenwöhr.svg|20px]] [[Grafenwöhr]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Hahnbach.svg|20px]] [[Hahnbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Blason Halle(Vlaams Brabant).svg|20px]] [[Halle (Belgien)|Halle]] || Stadt || [[Provinz Flämisch-Brabant]] || Belgien || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen-Hassmersheim.svg|20px]] [[Haßmersheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Heddesheim.svg|20px]] [[Heddesheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Heiligkreuzsteinach.svg|20px]] [[Heiligkreuzsteinach]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hirschau COA.svg|20px]] [[Hirschau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Hoeksche Waard wapen.svg|20px]] [[Hoeksche Waard (municipality)|Hoeksche Waard]] || Markt || [[South Holland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Hohenburg.png|20px]] [[Hohenburg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Inchenhofen.svg|20px]] [[Inchenhofen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kallmünz COA.svg|20px]] [[Kallmünz]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Kemnath.png|20px]] [[Kemnath]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kirchenthumbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Kirchenthumbach]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kohlberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Kohlberg (Oberpfalz)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kollnburg COA.svg|20px]] [[Kollnburg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kottgeisering COA.svg|20px]] [[Kottgeisering]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Laaber.svg|20px]] [[Laaber]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regensburg]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Lauterhofen COA.svg|20px]] [[Lauterhofen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Löwenstein COA.svg|20px]] [[Löwenstein]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Heilbronn]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at mauerkirchen.png|20px]] [[Mauerkirchen]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg.png|20px]] [[Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:CoA Meckesheim.svg|20px]] [[Meckesheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Mitterfels.png|20px]] [[Mitterfels]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Moosbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Moosbach (Oberpfalz)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT_Neuhofen_an_der_Ybbs_COA.png|20px]] [[Neuhofen an der Ybbs]] || Marktgemeinde || [[Bezirk Amstetten]] || Niederösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Neukirchen-Balbini COA.svg|20px]] [[Neukirchen-Balbini]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Neustadt an der Donau COA.svg|20px]] [[Neustadt an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Nittenau COA.svg|20px]] [[Nittenau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Nußloch.svg|20px]] [[Nußloch]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Obrigheim (Baden) COA.svg|20px]] [[Obrigheim (Baden)]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Oftersheim.svg|20px]] [[Oftersheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at ort im innkreis.png|20px]] [[Ort im Innkreis]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Otzberg.svg|20px]] [[Otzberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg]] || Hessen || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Painten COA.svg|20px]] [[Painten]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Kelheim]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Peiting.svg|20px]] [[Peiting]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Pfeffenhausen coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Pfeffenhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Pförring COA.svg|20px]] [[Pförring]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Eichstätt]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Pleystein.svg|20px]] [[Pleystein]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Prackenbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Prackenbach]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Pressath COA.svg|20px]] [[Pressath]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Reimerswaal.svg|20px]] [[Reimerswaal (municipality)|Reimerswaal]] || Gemeinde || [[Zeeland]] || Niederlande || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen-ried innkreis.png|20px]] [[Ried im Innkreis]] || Stadt || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU VG Rheinauen COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Rheinauen]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ruhmannsfelden COA.svg|20px]] [[Ruhmannsfelden]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Sandhausen COA.svg|20px]] [[Sandhausen]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Schefflenz COA.svg|20px]] [[Schefflenz]] || Gemeinde || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Schönberg.png|20px]] [[Schönberg (Niederbayern)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Schongau COA.svg|20px]] [[Schongau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Simbach.svg|20px]] [[Simbach (bei Landau)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU VG Simmern-Rheinboellen COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:AUT Spitz in der Wachau COA.svg|20px]] [[Spitz, Austria|Spitz in der Wachau]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Krems-Land]] || Niederösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at st georgen bei obernberg am inn.png|20px]] [[St. Georgen bei Obernberg am Inn]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU St.Ingbert COA.svg|20px]] [[St. Ingbert]] || Stadt || [[Saarpfalz-Kreis]] || Saarland || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at st willibald.png|20px]] [[St. Willibald]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Schärding]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tännesberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Tännesberg]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen at taiskirchen im innkreis.png|20px]] [[Taiskirchen im Innkreis]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Ried im Innkreis]] || Oberösterreich || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tittling COA.svg|20px]] [[Tittling]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Passau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Vilshofen COA.svg|20px]] [[Vilshofen an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Passau]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Weinheim.svg|20px]] [[Weinheim]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:COA Wiesloch.svg|20px]] [[Wiesloch]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Zachenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Zachenberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|}

==Gemeinden==
===Oberbayern (16 Punkte – 1 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen Bad Aibling.png|[[Bad Aibling]]
File:Wappen von Bad Heilbrunn.svg|[[Bad Heilbrunn]]
File:Bad Reichenhall - Wappen.svg|[[Bad Reichenhall]]
File:Wappen von Bayrischzell.svg|[[Bayrischzell]]
File:Wappen Berchtesgaden.svg|[[Berchtesgaden]]
File:Wappen von Freising.svg|[[Freising]]
File:Fürstenfeldbruck Wappen.svg|[[Fürstenfeldbruck]]
File:Wappen Grünwald.svg|[[Grünwald, Bavaria|Grünwald]]
File:Wappen Herrsching.svg|[[Herrsching am Ammersee|Herrsching]]
File:DEU Kösching COA.svg|[[Kösching]]
File:Wappen Marktl.png|[[Marktl]]
File:DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg|[[Neuburg an der Donau]]
File:DEU Oberschleißheim COA.svg|[[Oberschleißheim]]
File:Olching.svg|[[Olching]]
File:DEU Pähl COA.svg|[[Pähl]]
File:DEU Schrobenhausen COA.svg|[[Schrobenhausen]]
</gallery>

===Mittelfranken (3 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Ottensoos COA.svg|[[Ottensoos]]
</gallery>

===Niederbayern (14 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen von Deggendorf.svg|[[Deggendorf]]
File:Wappen Dingolfing.svg|[[Dingolfing]]
File:Geisenhausen LA coat of arms.svg|[[Geisenhausen]]
File:DEU Plattling COA.svg|[[Plattling]]
File:Velden Vils coat of arms.svg|[[Velden (Vils)]]
File:Wappen Vilsbiburg.svg|[[Vilsbiburg]]
File:DEU Zwiesel COA.svg|[[Zwiesel]]
</gallery>

===Oberpfalz (12 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Cham COA.svg|[[Cham, Germany|Cham]]
File:Wappen Furth im Wald.svg|[[Furth im Wald]]
File:DEU Lupburg COA.svg|[[Lupburg]]
File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|[[Schwandorf]]
</gallery>

===Schwaben (18 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen Dasing.svg|[[Dasing]]
File:Wappen Grossaitingen.svg|[[Großaitingen]]
File:Wappen von Gundelfingen an der Donau.svg|[[Gundelfingen an der Donau]]
File:Wappen von Günzburg.svg|[[Günzburg]]
File:Wappen von Höchstädt a. d. Donau.svg|[[Höchstädt an der Donau]]
File:Olching.svg|[[Olching]]
File:DEU_Rain_COA.svg|[[Rain (Lech)|Rain]]
File:Wappen Thierhaupten.svg|[[Thierhaupten]]
File:DEU Wertingen COA.svg|[[Wertingen]]
</gallery>

===Oberösterreich (6 Punkte – 3 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|[[Braunau am Inn]]
File:Wappen at Ostermiething.png|[[Ostermiething]]
</gallery>

===Rheinland-Pfalz (5 Punkte – 5 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Loreley COA.svg|[[Verbandsgemeinde Loreley|Loreley]]
</gallery>

===Tirol (4 Punkte – 2 pro Gemeinde)===
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths="80px" heights="80px">
File:Wappen at niederndorferberg.png|[[Niederndorferberg]]
File:Wappen at rettenschoess.png|[[Rettenschöss]]
</gallery>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg|20px]] [[Bayern]] || Bundesland || || || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bezirk Niederbayern.svg|20px]] [[Niederbayern]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Oberbayern.svg|20px]] [[Oberbayern]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Oberpfalz.svg|20px]] [[Oberpfalz]] || Regierungsbezirk || || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg|Aichach-Friedberg]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Altoetting COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Altötting|Altötting]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Amberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Amberg]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Bad Aibling.png|20px]] [[Bad Aibling]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Rosenheim]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bad Toelz-Wolfratshausen.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen|Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Cham COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Cham|Cham]] || Landkreis || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land|Berchtesgadener Land]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bayreuth2.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Bayreuth|Bayreuth]] || Landkreis || Oberfranken || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Cham COA.svg|20px]] [[Cham (Oberpfalz)|Cham]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Dachau.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Dachau|Dachau]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau|Dingolfing-Landau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Donau-Ries COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Donau-Ries|Donau-Ries]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Eichstätt COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Eichstätt|Eichstätt]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Freising COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Freising|Freising]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Erding COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Erding|Erding]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau|Freyung-Grafenau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen|Garmisch-Partenkirchen]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Kelheim.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Kelheim|Kelheim]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landsberg am Lech.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Landsberg am Lech|Landsberg am Lech]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landshut.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Landshut|Landshut]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Lindau Bodensee COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Lindau (Bodensee)|Lindau (Bodensee)]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Muenchen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis München|München]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Passau COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Passau|Passau]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm|Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Regen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Regen|Regen]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Regensburg COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Regensburg|Regensburg]] || Landkreis || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Rosenheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Rosenheim|Rosenheim]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Starnberg.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Starnberg|Starnberg]] || Landkreis || Oberbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Straubing COA.svg|20px]] [[Straubing]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Landkreis Straubing-Bogen COA.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Straubing-Bogen|Straubing-Bogen]] || Landkreis || Niederbayern || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Unterallgaeu.svg|20px]] [[Landkreis Unterallgäu|Unterallgäu]] || Landkreis || Schwaben || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|20px]] [[Weiden in der Oberpfalz]] || Stadt (kreisfrei) || Oberpfalz || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bad Heilbrunn.svg|20px]] [[Bad Heilbrunn]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Bad Reichenhall - Wappen.svg|20px]] [[Bad Reichenhall]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Bayrischzell.svg|20px]] [[Bayrischzell]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Miesbach]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Berchtesgaden.svg|20px]] [[Berchtesgaden]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|20px]] [[Braunau am Inn]] || Stadt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Dasing.svg|20px]] [[Dasing]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Freising.svg|20px]] [[Freising]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Freising]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Fürstenfeldbruck Wappen.svg|20px]] [[Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Furth im Wald.svg|20px]] [[Furth im Wald]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Cham]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Geisenhausen LA coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Geisenhausen]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Grossaitingen.svg|20px]] [[Großaitingen]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Augsburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Grünwald.png|20px]] [[Grünwald]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis München]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Günzburg.svg|20px]] [[Günzburg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Günzburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Gundelfingen an der Donau.svg|20px]] [[Gundelfingen an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Höchstädt a. d. Donau.svg|20px]] [[Höchstädt an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Kösching COA.svg|20px]] [[Kösching]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Eichstätt]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Loreley COA.svg|20px]] [[Verbandsgemeinde Loreley|Loreley]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Marktl.png|20px]] [[Marktl]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Altötting]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg|20px]] [[Neuburg an der Donau]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at niederndorferberg.png|20px]] [[Niederndorferberg]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Kufstein]] || Tirol || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberschleißheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberschleißheim]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis München]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Olching.svg|20px]] [[Olching]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at Ostermiething.png|20px]] [[Ostermiething]] || Markt || [[Bezirk Braunau am Inn]] || Oberösterreich || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Ottensoos COA.svg|20px]] [[Ottensoos]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Nürnberger Land]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Pähl COA.svg|20px]] [[Pähl]] || Gemeinde || [[Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Rain COA.svg|20px]] [[Rain (Lech)]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Donau-Ries]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen at rettenschoess.png|20px]] [[Rettenschöss]] || Gemeinde || [[Bezirk Kufstein]] || Tirol || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Schrobenhausen COA.svg|20px]] [[Schrobenhausen]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|20px]] [[Schwandorf]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Schwandorf]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Thierhaupten2.svg|20px]] [[Thierhaupten]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Augsburg]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Velden Vils coat of arms.svg|20px]] [[Velden (Vils)]] || Markt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:Wappen Vilsbiburg.svg|20px]] [[Vilsbiburg]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Landshut]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
| [[File:DEU Zwiesel COA.svg|20px]] [[Zwiesel]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Regen]] || Bayern || {{tick|20}}
|-
|}

== Ortsgemeinden Rheinland-Pfalz ==

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Name !! Status !! übergeordneter Kommunalverband !! Bundesland !! Gefunden
|-
| [[File:DEU Albersweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Albersweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Altrip COA.svg|20px]] [[Altrip]] || Gemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Argenthal COA.svg|20px]] [[Argenthal]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Bacharach COA.svg|20px]] [[Bacharach]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Barbelroth COA.svg|20px]] [[Barbelroth]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Bellheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Bellheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Biebelnheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Biebelnheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Dittelsheim-Heßloch.png|20px]] [[Dittelsheim-Heßloch]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Dörrenbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Dörrenbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Dörscheid COA.svg|20px]] [[Dörscheid]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Edenkoben COA.svg|20px]] [[Edenkoben]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Einselthum COA.svg|20px]] [[Einselthum]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ellern COA.svg|20px]] [[Ellern (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Flörsheim-Dalsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Flörsheim-Dalsheim]] || Ortsgeimeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Frankweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Frankweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Frettenheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Frettenheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Gehrweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Gehrweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hallgarten COA.svg|20px]] [[Hallgarten (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hangen-Weisheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Hangen-Weisheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hergersweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Hergersweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Hinterweidenthal COA.svg|20px]] [[Hinterweidenthal]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südwestpfalz]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Holzbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Holzbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Horn COA.svg|20px]] [[Horn (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Kaub COA.svg|20px]] [[Kaub]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Külz COA.svg|20px]] [[Külz (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Manubach COA.svg|20px]] [[Manubach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Maxdorf COA.svg|20px]] [[Maxdorf]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Meckenheim (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Meckenheim (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Dürkheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mengerschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Mengerschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mölsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Mölsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Mutterschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Mutterschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Niedermoschel COA.svg|20px]] [[Niedermoschel]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Niederotterbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Niederotterbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberdiebach COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberdiebach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberndorf (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Oberotterbach COA.svg|20px]] [[Oberotterbach]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ohlweiler COA.svg|20px]] [[Ohlweiler]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ottersheim bei Landau COA.svg|20px]] [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Rayerschied COA.svg|20px]] [[Rayerschied]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Reifenberg COA.svg|20px]] [[Reifenberg]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südwestpfalz]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Ruppertsecken COA.svg|20px]] [[Ruppertsecken]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Donnersbergkreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Simmern COA.svg|20px]] [[Simmern/Hunsrück]] || Stadt || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Tiefenbach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|20px]] [[Tiefenbach (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen Veldenz.svg|20px]] [[Veldenz]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Volxheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Volxheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|20px]] [[Wachenheim an der Weinstraße]] || Stadt || [[Landkreis Bad Dürkheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Walsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Walsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Westheim (Pfalz) COA.svg|20px]] [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:Wappen von Winden.png|20px]] [[Winden (Pfalz)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Germersheim]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wonsheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Wonsheim]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Landkreis Alzey-Worms]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
| [[File:DEU Wüschheim COA.svg|20px]] [[Wüschheim (Hunsrück)]] || Ortsgemeinde || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || Rheinland-Pfalz || [[File:X mark.svg|20px|link=|alt=?]]
|-
|}

User:ChryZ MUC/gc stat

2024-12-08T06:01:51Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen Landkreis Straubing-Bogen.png → File:DEU Landkreis Straubing-Bogen COA.svg PNG → SVG

==Belgien==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|BEL}} '''Belgien'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Brussels}} Brüssel
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|16| 3/19|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Coat of arms of Ixelles.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Ixelles
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Coat of arm Municipality be Saint-Josse-ten-Noode.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Saint-Josse-ten-Noode
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Insigne Bruxellarum coronatum.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Ville de Bruxelles
| colspan="2" |
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 9| 1/11|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 1|3/589|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Deutschland==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|GER}} '''Deutschland'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" rowspan="2" | {{flag|Baden-Württemberg}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" rowspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|16| 7/44|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Landkreiswappen des Landkreises Alb-Donau-Kreis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Alb-Donau-Kreis
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Bodenseekreis Wappen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Bodenseekreis
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Enzkreis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Enzkreis
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Heidenheim.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Heidenheim
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Main-Tauber-Kreis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Main-Tauber-Kreis
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Ostalbkreis COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Ostalbkreis
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Ravensburg2.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Ravensburg
|
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" rowspan="15" | {{flag|Bayern}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: right;" rowspan="15" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|75|72/96|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Aichach-Friedberg
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Altoetting COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Altötting
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Amberg-Sulzbach
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen des Landkreises Ansbach.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Ansbach
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | Augsburg
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Landkreis Augsburg Wappen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Augsburg (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Bad Kissingen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Bad Kissingen
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Bad Toelz-Wolfratshausen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Bamberg COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Bamberg
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Bamberg COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Bamberg (Lkr.)
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen von Bayreuth.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Bayreuth
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Bayreuth2.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Bayreuth (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU_Landkreis_Berchtesgadener_Land_COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Berchtesgadener Land
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Dachau.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Dachau
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Deggendorf COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Deggendorf
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Dingolfing-Landau
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Ebersberg COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Ebersberg
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Eichstätt COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Eichstätt
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Erding COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Erding
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen_Erlangen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Erlangen
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DE Landkreis Erlangen-Hoechstadt COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Erlangen-Höchstadt
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Freising COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Freising
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Freyung-Grafenau
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen des Landkreises Fürstenfeldbruck.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Fürstenfeldbruck
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Fürth.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Fürth
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU_Landkreis_Garmisch-Partenkirchen_COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Garmisch-Partenkirchen
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Ingolstadt COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Ingolstadt
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Hof2.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Hof
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Hof COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Hof (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Kaufbeuren COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Kaufbeuren
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Kelheim.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Kelheim
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU_Kempten_(Allgäu)_COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Kempten
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kitzingen COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Kitzingen
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Kulmbach.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Kulmbach
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landsberg am Lech.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Landsberg am Lech
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landshut COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Landshut
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landshut.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Landshut (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU_Landkreis_Lindau_Bodensee_COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Lindau
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Main-Spessart COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Main-Spessart
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen vom Landkreis Miesbach.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Miesbach
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Mühldorf am Inn
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Muenchen_Kleines_Stadtwappen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] München
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Muenchen COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] München (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Neuburg-Schrobenhausen
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Neumarkt i. d. OPf.
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Neustadt an der Waldnaab
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Neustadt a.d.Aisch-Bad Windsheim COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Neustadt-Bad Windsheim
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Nürnberg COA (klein).svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Nürnberg
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Nürnberger Land.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Nürnberger Land
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Oberallgaeu.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Oberallgäu
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Ostallgaeu.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Ostallgäu
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:De passau coat.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Passau (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Pfaffenhofen
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Regen COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Regen
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Regensburg.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Regensburg
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Regensburg COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Regensburg (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Rosenheim Neu.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Rosenheim
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen LandkreisRosenheim.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Rosenheim (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Roth COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Roth
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Schwabach COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Schwabach
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Schwandorf
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Schweinfurt COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Schweinfurt
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Schweinfurt.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Schweinfurt (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Starnberg.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Starnberg
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Straubing-Bogen COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Straubing-Bogen
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Tirschenreuth COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Tirschenreuth
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Traunstein COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Traunstein
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Unterallgaeu.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Unterallgäu
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Weiden in der Oberpfalz
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Weilheim-Schongau
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Wunsiedel
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:De wuerzburg coat.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Würzburg (Lkr.)
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Berlin}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|1/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" colspan="5" | [[Image:DEU_Berlin_COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Berlin
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Brandenburg}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 6|1/18|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" colspan="5" | [[Image:DEU Potsdam COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Potsdam
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Hamburg}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|1/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" colspan="5" | [[Image:Coat_of_arms_of_Hamburg.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Hamburg
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" rowspan="3" | {{flag|Hessen}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: right;" rowspan="3" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|50|13/26|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Darmstadt.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Darmstadt
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Darmstadt-Dieburg
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Fulda.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Fulda
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Frankfurt am Main
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Gießen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Gießen
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Hersfeld-Rotenburg.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Hersfeld-Rotenburg
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Kassel COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Kassel
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Kassel.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Kassel (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Offenbach.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Offenbach (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Schwalm-Eder-Kreis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Schwalm-Eder-Kreis
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Vogelsbergkreis COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Vogelsbergkreis
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Wetteraukreis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Wetteraukreis
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:DEU Wiesbaden COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Wiesbaden
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|38| 3/8|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Mecklenburgische Seenplatte.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Mecklenburgische Seenplatte
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Vorpommern-Greifswald
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen des Landkreises Vorpommern-Rügen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Vorpommern-Rügen
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Nordrhein-Westfalen}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 8| 4/53|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Bielefeld
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen_der_Landeshauptstadt_Duesseldorf.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Düsseldorf
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Großes Wappen von Köln.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Köln
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU_Leverkusen_COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Leverkusen
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Rheinland-Pfalz}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 3| 1/36|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:DEU Landau in der Pfalz COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Landau in der Pfalz
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Saarland}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|17| 1/6|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Stadtverband Saarbruecken.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Saarbrücken
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Sachsen}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|31| 4/13|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Coat_of_arms_of_Leipzig.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Leipzig
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Leipzig SVG.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Leipzig (Lkr.)
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen_vom_Landkreis_Nordsachsen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Nordsachsen
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen_Landkreis_Saechsische_Schweiz-Osterzgebirge.svg|left|20px|Coat of arms]] Sächsische Schweiz-<br>Osterzgebirge
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Sachsen-Anhalt}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|14| 2/14|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen_Burgenlandkreis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Burgenlandkreis
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen Saalekreis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Saalekreis
|
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Thüringen}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|18| 3/17|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Saale-Holzland-Kreis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Saale-Holzland-Kreis
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Saale-Orla-Kreis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Saale-Orla-Kreis
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Wartburgkreis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Wartburgkreis
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 81|13/16|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 28|113/401|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

=== Bayern ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="16" | {{flagicon|Bavaria}} '''Bayern'''
|-
| style="width: 100px; text-align: left;" rowspan="4" | [[File:Flagge Oberbayern.svg|left|border|20px]] Oberbayern <br> <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|23/23|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Altoetting COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Bad Toelz-Wolfratshausen.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU_Landkreis_Berchtesgadener_Land_COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Dachau.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Ebersberg COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Eichstätt COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Erding COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Freising COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen des Landkreises Fürstenfeldbruck.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU_Landkreis_Garmisch-Partenkirchen_COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Ingolstadt COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landsberg am Lech.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen vom Landkreis Miesbach.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Muenchen_Kleines_Stadtwappen.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
|-
| style="width: 80px;" | Altötting
| style="width: 80px;" | Bad Tölz-<br>Wolfratshausen
| style="width: 80px;" | Berchtesgadener Land
| style="width: 80px;" | Dachau
| style="width: 80px;" | Ebersberg
| style="width: 80px;" | Eichstätt
| style="width: 80px;" | Erding
| style="width: 80px;" | Freising
| style="width: 80px;" | Fürstenfeldbruck
| style="width: 80px;" | Garmisch-<br>Partenkirchen
| style="width: 80px;" | Ingolstadt
| style="width: 80px;" | Landsberg am Lech
| style="width: 80px;" | Miesbach
| style="width: 80px;" | Mühldorf am Inn
| style="width: 80px;" | München
|-
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Muenchen COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen Rosenheim Neu.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen LandkreisRosenheim.png|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Starnberg.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Traunstein COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
|-
| style="width: 80px;" | München (Lkr.)
| style="width: 80px;" | Neuburg-<br>Schrobenhausen
| style="width: 80px;" | Pfaffenhofen
| style="width: 80px;" | Rosenheim
| style="width: 80px;" | Rosenheim (Lkr.)
| style="width: 80px;" | Starnberg
| style="width: 80px;" | Traunstein
| style="width: 80px;" | Weilheim-Schongau
|-
| style="width: 100px; text-align: left;" rowspan="2" | [[File:Flagge Oberfranken.svg|left|border|20px]] Oberfranken <br> <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 62| 8/13|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Bamberg COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Bamberg COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen von Bayreuth.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Bayreuth2.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen Hof2.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Hof COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Kulmbach.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
|-
| style="width: 80px;" | Bamberg
| style="width: 80px;" | Bamberg (Lkr.)
| style="width: 80px;" | Bayreuth
| style="width: 80px;" | Bayreuth (Lkr.)
| style="width: 80px;" | Hof
| style="width: 80px;" | Hof (Lkr.)
| style="width: 80px;" | Kulmbach
| style="width: 80px;" | Wunsiedel
|-
| style="width: 100px; text-align: left;" rowspan="2" | [[File:Flagge Oberpfalz.svg|left|border|20px]] Oberpfalz <br> <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 80| 8/10|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen Regensburg.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Regensburg COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Tirschenreuth COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
|-
| style="width: 80px;" | Amberg-Sulzbach
| style="width: 80px;" | Neumarkt i. d. OPf.
| style="width: 80px;" | Neustadt an der Waldnaab
| style="width: 80px;" | Regensburg
| style="width: 80px;" | Regensburg (Lkr.)
| style="width: 80px;" | Schwandorf
| style="width: 80px;" | Tirschenreuth
| style="width: 80px;" | Weiden in der Oberpfalz
|-
| style="width: 100px; text-align: left;" rowspan="2" | [[File:Flag of Middle Franconia.svg|left|border|20px]] Mittelfranken <br> <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 75| 9/12|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen des Landkreises Ansbach.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen_Erlangen.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DE Landkreis Erlangen-Hoechstadt COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen Fürth.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Neustadt a.d.Aisch-Bad Windsheim COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Nürnberg COA (klein).svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Nürnberger Land.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Roth COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Schwabach COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
|-
| style="width: 80px;" | Ansbach
| style="width: 80px;" | Erlangen
| style="width: 80px;" | Erlangen-Höchstadt
| style="width: 80px;" | Fürth
| style="width: 80px;" | Neustadt-<br>Bad Windsheim
| style="width: 80px;" | Nürnberg
| style="width: 80px;" | Nürnberger Land
| style="width: 80px;" | Roth
| style="width: 80px;" | Schwabach
|-
| style="width: 100px; text-align: left;" rowspan="2" | [[File:Flag of Lower Bavaria.svg|left|border|20px]] Niederbayern <br> <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 75| 9/12|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Deggendor COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Kelheim.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landshut COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landshut.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:De passau coat.png|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Regen COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Landkreis Straubing-Bogen COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
|-
| style="width: 80px;" | Deggendorf
| style="width: 80px;" | Dingolfing-Landau
| style="width: 80px;" | Freyung-Grafenau
| style="width: 80px;" | Kelheim
| style="width: 80px;" | Landshut
| style="width: 80px;" | Landshut (Lkr.)
| style="width: 80px;" | Passau (Lkr.)
| style="width: 80px;" | Regen
| style="width: 80px;" | Straubing-Bogen
|-
| style="width: 100px; text-align: left;" rowspan="2" | [[File:Flagge Schwaben Bayern.svg|left|border|20px]] Schwaben <br> <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 64| 9/14|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" |
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Landkreis Augsburg Wappen.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Kaufbeuren COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU_Kempten_(Allgäu)_COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU_Landkreis_Lindau_Bodensee_COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Oberallgaeu.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Ostallgaeu.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Unterallgaeu.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
|-
| style="width: 80px;" | Aichach-Friedberg
| style="width: 80px;" | Augsburg
| style="width: 80px;" | Augsburg (Lkr.)
| style="width: 80px;" | Kaufbeuren
| style="width: 80px;" | Kempten
| style="width: 80px;" | Lindau
| style="width: 80px;" | Oberallgäu
| style="width: 80px;" | Ostallgäu
| style="width: 80px;" | Unterallgäu
|-
| style="width: 100px; text-align: left;" rowspan="2" | [[File:Flag of Lower Franconia.svg|left|border|20px]] Unterfranken <br> <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 50| 6/12|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Bad Kissingen.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kitzingen COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Main-Spessart COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:DEU Schweinfurt COA.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:Wappen Landkreis Schweinfurt.svg|x90px|Coat of arms]]
| style="width: 80px;" | [[Image:De wuerzburg coat.png|x90px|Coat of arms]]
|-
| style="width: 80px;" | Bad Kissingen
| style="width: 80px;" | Kitzingen
| style="width: 80px;" | Main-Spessart
| style="width: 80px;" | Schweinfurt
| style="width: 80px;" | Schweinfurt (Lkr.)
| style="width: 80px;" | Würzburg (Lkr.)
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|7/7|width=150|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="15" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 75|72/96|width=1500|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Frankreich==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|FRA}} '''Frankreich'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Grand Est}} [[Grand Est]]
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 10| 1/10|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Marne.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Marne
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Hauts-de-France}} [[Hauts-de-France]]
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|60|3/5|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Nord
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Pas_de_Calais_Arms.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Pas-de-Calais
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Somme.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Somme
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Île-de-France}} [[Île-de-France]]
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|38|3/8|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Blason_paris_75.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Paris
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Blason département fr Seine-Saint-Denis.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Seine-Saint-Denis
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Blason département fr Val-de-Marne.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Val-de-Marne
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Occitanie}} [[Occitanie]]
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|15|2/13|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Blason département fr Aude.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Aude
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Blason département fr Haute-Garonne.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Haute-Garonne
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|31| 4/13|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 9| 9/97|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|}

==Großbritannien==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|GBR}} '''Großbritannien''' (nach GC-Project)
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|ENG}} London
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|2/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|City of London}} City of London
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Greater London}} Greater London
| colspan="3" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|SCO}} Northern Scotland
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 8| 1/13|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|}} Highland
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|ENG}} South East England
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 25|1/4|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|West Sussex}} West Sussex
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|ENG}} South West England
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|4/4|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Bristol}} City of Bristol
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Cornwall}} Cornwall
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Devon}} Devon
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Somerset}} Somerset
| colspan="3" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|ENG}} Southern England
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 50|4/8|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Berkshire}} Berkshire
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Dorset}} Dorset
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Hampshire}} Hampshire
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Wiltshire}} Wiltshire
| colspan="3" |
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|36|5/14|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|12|12/102|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|GBR}} '''Großbritannien'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|ENG}} England
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" rowspan="3" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 23|11/48|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Berkshire}} Berkshire
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Bristol}} City of Bristol
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|City of London}} City of London
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Cornwall}} Cornwall
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Devon}} Devon
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Dorset}} Dorset
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Greater London}} Greater London
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Hampshire}} Hampshire
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Somerset}} Somerset
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|West Sussex}} West Sussex
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Wiltshire}} Wiltshire
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|SCO}} Scotland
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 3| 1/32|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|}} Highland
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|25|2/4|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|12|12/102|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Italien==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="9" | {{flagicon|ITA}} '''Italien'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Friuli-Venezia Giulia}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|25|1/4|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Trieste-Stemma.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Trieste
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Lazio}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: right;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|20|1/5|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Provincia di Roma-Stemma.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Roma
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Lombardy}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: right;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 8| 1/12|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Brescia-Stemma.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Brescia
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Trentino-Alto Adige}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: right;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|2/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Suedtirol_CoA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Südtirol
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Trentino_CoA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Trentino
| colspan="3" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Tuscany}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|56|5/9|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|}} Arezzo
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Provincia di Firenze-Stemma.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Florence
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Araldico Città di Lucca.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Lucca
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Provincia di Pisa-Stemma.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Pisa
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Provincia di Siena-Stemma.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Siena
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Umbria}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: right;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|50|1/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|}} Perugia
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Veneto}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: right;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|29| 2/7|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:CoA Città di Venezia.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Venezia
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Provincia di Verona-Stemma.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Verona
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|35| 7/20|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|12|13/110|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Liechtenstein==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="4" | {{flagicon|LIE}} Liechtenstein
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|}} Wahlkreis Oberland
| style="width: 30px; text-align: right;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|17| 1/6|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Ruggell.svg|20px|Ruggell]] Ruggell
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|}} Wahlkreis Unterland
| style="width: 30px; text-align: right;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|20| 1/5|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:LIE Vaduz COA.svg|20px]] Vaduz
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|2/2|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 18|2/11|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Kenia==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|Kenya}} '''Kenia'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|}} Central Province
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 33|1/3|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Old Flag of Kiambu County.svg|border=}} [[Kiambu County]]
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Nairobi.svg|border=}} Nairobi
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|1/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Nairobi.svg|border=}} [[Nairobi]]
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|}} Rift Valley Province
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 7| 1/14|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Elgeyo_Marakwet_Flag.png|border=}} [[Elgeyo-Marakwet County]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|38|3/8|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 7|3/46|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Niederlande==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|NED}} Niederlande
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Noord-Holland}} Noord-Holland
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 6| 3/48|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wapen van Amsterdam.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Amsterdam
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Coat of arms of Landsmeer.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Landsmeer
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Oostzaan wapen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Oostzaan
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 8| 1/12|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 1|3/355|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Österreich==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="8" | {{flagicon|AUT}} '''Österreich'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Kärnten}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|20| 2/10|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen at spittal-an-der-drau.png|20px|Coat of arms]] [[Spittal an der Drau District|Spittal an der Drau]]
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Villach CoA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] [[Villach]]
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Oberösterreich}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 6| 1/18|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] [[Braunau am Inn District|Braunau am Inn]]
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Niederösterreich}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 4| 1/24|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:AUT Mödling COA.jpg|20px|Coat of arms]] [[Mödling District|Mödling]]
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Salzburg}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|83| 5/6|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:AUT Hallein COA.jpg|20px|Coat of arms]] Hallein
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:AUT Salzburg (Stadt) COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Salzburg
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:AUT Salzburg (Stadt) COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Salzburg-Umgebung
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen at st johann.png|20px|Coat of arms]] St. Johann im Pongau
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:AUT Zell am See COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] [[Zell am See District|Zell am See]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Tirol}}
| rowspan="2" style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|67| 6/9|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:AUT Kitzbuehel COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Kitzbühel
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:AUT Kufstein COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Kufstein
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:AT Innsbruck COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Innsbruck
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:AT Innsbruck COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Innsbruck-Land
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:AUT Reutte COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Reutte
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen at schwaz.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Schwaz
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Vorarlberg}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|75| 3/4|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Coat of Bregenz.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Bregenz
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappendornbirn.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Dornbirn
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Wappen at Feldkirch.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Feldkirch
| colspan="2" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Wien}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|1/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" colspan="5" | [[File:Wien_3_Wappen.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Wien
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|78| 7/9|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|20|19/94|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Polen==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|POL}} '''Polen'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Lower Silesian Voivodeship}} Dolnośląskie
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 4| 1/30|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Herb wroclaw.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Wrocław
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|West Pomeranian Voivodeship}} Zachodniopomorskie
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 5| 1/21|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:POL Świnoujście COA 1.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Świnoujście
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 13| 2/16|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 1| 2/380|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Portugal==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|POR}} '''Portugal'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Pt-bja1.png|border=}} [[Beja District|Beja]]
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 7| 1/14|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:AJT.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Aljustrel
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Pt-far1.png|border=}} [[Faro District|Faro]]
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|31| 5/16|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:COA_of_Lagoa_municipality,_Algarve_(Portugal).png|20px|Coat of arms]] Lagoa
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:LGS.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Lagos
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:OLH2.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Olhão
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:COA_of_Silves_municipality_(Portugal).png|20px|Coat of arms]] Silves
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:COA_of_Vila_do_Bispo_municipality_(Portugal).png|20px|Coat of arms]] Vila do Bispo
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Lisboa.svg|border=}} [[Lisbon District|Lisbon]]
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 6| 1/16|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:LSB.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Lisbon
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" rowspan="2" | {{flag|Madeira}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: right;" rowspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|91|10/11|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:CMT1.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Câmara de Lobos
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:CLT.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Calheta
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:FNC.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Funchal
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:MCH1.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Machico
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:PTS.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Ponta do Sol
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:PMZ.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Porto Moniz
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:RBR.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Ribeira Brava
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:SCR1.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Santa Cruz
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:STN1.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Santana
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:SVC.png|20px|Coat of arms]] São Vicente
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|20| 4/20|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 5|17/308|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Schweiz==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|SWI}} '''Schweiz'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Vaud}} Vaud
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|1|2/339|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Ecublens-VD-coat of arms.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Ecublens
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:CHE Lausanne COA.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Lausanne
| colspan="3" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Zürich}} Zürich
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 1| 1/169|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Wappen Zürich matt.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Zürich
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 8| 2/26|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 0|3/2259|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Slowakei==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|Slovakia}} '''Slowakei'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Bratislava Region}} Bratislavský kraj
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|13| 1/8|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Coat of Arms of Bratislava.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Bratislava I
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|13| 1/8|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 1| 1/79|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Slowenien==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|Slovenia}} '''Slowenien'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|}} Osrednjeslovenska
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 4| 1/25|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Insigne Aemonae.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Ljubljana
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 4| 1/12|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 0| 1/212|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Spanien==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|ESP}} '''Spanien'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Andalusia}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 38|3/8|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Flag Cádiz Province.svg|border|25px]] Cádiz
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Bandera de la provincia de Granada (España).svg|border|25px]] Granada
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Flag Málaga Province.svg|border|25px]] Malaga
| colspan="2" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Balearic Islands}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|1/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" colspan="5" | [[File:Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg|border|25px]] Balearic Islands
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Canary Islands}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 50|1/2|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Provincia de Santa Cruz de Tenerife - Bandera.svg|border|25px]] Santa Cruz de Tenerife
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|16| 3/19|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|10| 5/52|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Tschechien==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|CZE}} '''Tschechien'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Prague}} Prag
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 4| 1/25|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[File:Praha CoA CZ small.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Prag
| colspan="4" |
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 7| 1/14|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 1| 1/77|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==Ungarn==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|HUN}} '''Ungarn'''
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flag|Budapest}}
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar|100|1/1|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" colspan="5" | [[Image:Coa Hungary Town Budapest big.svg|20px|Coat of arms]] Budapest
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 5| 1/20|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 1| 1/175|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

==USA==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
! colspan="7" | {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA'''
|-




















| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Florida}} Florida
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 3|2/67|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Seal_of_Miami-Dade_County,_Florida.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Miami-Dade
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | [[Image:Seal_of_Monroe_County,_Florida.png|20px|Coat of arms]] Monroe
| colspan="3" |
|-
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} Georgia
| style="width: 30px; text-align: left;" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 1| 1/159|width=100|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="width: 200px; text-align: left;" | {{flagicon|}} Clayton
| colspan="4" |
|-










| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 4| 2/51|width=350|hex=FF0000}} </div>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="5" | <div class="center"> {{Percentage bar| 0|3/3142|width=1200|hex=FF0000}} </div>
|-
|}

Oberalben

2024-12-08T05:39:47Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Oberalbe.jpg → File:DEU Oberalben COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Oberalben COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|34|42.39|N|7|24|0.86|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Oberalben in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 310
|area = 5.63
|postal_code = 66871
|area_code = 06381
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 070
|mayor = Walter Dick<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Oberalben''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Oberalben lies beyond the heights on the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan's]] left bank in a hollow over which towers the mountain massif known as the Steinerner Mann<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=11 |title=Oberalben's geography |access-date=2012-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917164808/http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=11 |archive-date=2011-09-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> on the upper reaches of the Kuralb (also called the Kaueralb, and upstream from Oberalben, the Stegbach), which roughly 3 km farther northwards, at an elevation of 253 m above [[sea level]] empties into the Totenalb, itself a tributary to the Steinalb that empties into the Glan near [[Niederalben]]. Oberalben itself lies at an elevation of roughly 310 m above sea level about in the middle of a rather narrow municipal area stretching from north to south. A 180-hectare piece of land that even now is counted as part of Oberalben's municipal area was incorporated into the [[Baumholder]] Troop Drilling Ground when that was established by the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] in 1938. Indeed, the municipal area's greatest elevation is held to be the 460 m-high Steinerner Mann, now within the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground. The outlying centre of Mayweilerhof in the municipal area's southeast stretches just under the 400 m mark in the uppermost reaches of the Blaubach, a stream that flows down into the Kuselbach. The highest elevation on the plateau west of the Mayweilerhof on the so-called ''Römerstraße'' ([[Roman roads|Roman road]]) lies just over the 400 m mark. Likewise reaching farther up than 400 m are a few peaks bordering the narrow Kuralb valley. The municipal area measures 563 ha, of which 108 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Oberalben borders in the north on the [[Baumholder]] Troop Drilling Ground, in the east on the municipality of [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Erdesbach]], in the south on the municipality of [[Blaubach]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Körborn]] and in the west on the municipality of [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach]]. Part of the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground just to the north is the former municipal area of the now vanished village of Erzweiler in the Birkenfeld district. This is now considered nominally part of Baumholder.

===Municipality's layout===
The biggest part of the village of Oberalben stretches along the through road, called Hauptstraße ("Main Street") on the Kuralb's right bank parallel to the stream's course from west to east. On the way into the village, coming from the east, the former schoolhouse, now the village community centre, can be seen to the right of the road. Farther on into the village core stands the ''Auswanderermuseum'' ("Emigrants' Museum"), and farther still, stretching along the right side of the road and the brook is the sporting ground. Only a few houses still stand over on the left bank. Beyond this point, the road leads to the neighbouring village of [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach]]. In the village centre, near the ''Auswanderermuseum'', a street branches off to the south, Gehöllweg. Another street branches off between the ''Auswanderermuseum'' and the sporting ground, but to the north, Kloppweg. The graveyard lies in the village's east end south of the through road. The houses at the Mayweilerhof all stand on the road that leads from Oberalben to [[Blaubach]] and [[Kusel]], and indeed also on the [[Drainage divide|watershed]] between the Kuralb and the Blaubach. Both Oberalben's and the Mayweilerhof's built-up areas clearly show that they were pure farming villages in bygone days.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Municipality's layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
On the Steinerner Mann, now within the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground, it is likely that as early as the 19th century a [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]] burying ground was found. Today these graves have vanished utterly. It is highly likely that the name "Steinerner Mann" (meaning "Stone Man") for this prominent mountain comb refers to a prehistoric stone pillar, a [[menhir]]. Furthermore, prehistoric [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds have been unearthed in all the bordering municipal areas. The road leading over the plateau between the Mayweilerhof and [[Körborn]] is supposedly originally an old [[Roman roads|Roman road]]. There have also been many [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] finds in the area around the village, although none has been brought to light in Oberalben itself.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Both Oberalben and Mayweiler (the former village that once lay near where the Mayweilerhof now lies) were founded as far back as the [[Early Middle Ages]], though exact knowledge about when each was founded is lacking. At the time of first documentary mention in a 12th-century document, both villages are known to have been a few centuries old already. According to the document in question, which was issued by King [[Conrad III of Germany]] in 1149, a [[ministerialis]] of the Church of [[Reims]] named Albert from [[Kusel]], possibly a ministerialis from the newly founded monastery on the Remigiusberg, had forcibly taken ownership of three monasterial holdings, namely ''Villa Milvillre'' (Mayweiler), ''Herceberch'' ([[Herschberg]]) and ''Habbach'' (Habach, now a constituent community of [[Eppelborn]]). It furthermore says that Albert also seized a [[fief]] that had been given back to Reims by the knight Sir Hardwin, and that lay near Alben, and had thereby disturbed the Church's independence. The original of this document was lost to the ravages of the [[Second World War]]. The text, set down in Conrad III's ''Diplomata'', is taken from a copy. Both villages lay in the so-called ''Remigiusland'', which at about the same time as Oberalben's and Meyweiler's first documentary mention was taken over by the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] as a ''[[Vogt]]ei''. The villages lay moreover in the north of this territory. A 1355 border description in a ''Grenzscheidweistum'' (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times; this one described how a border [''Grenze''] was to divide [''scheiden''] the ''Remigiusland'' from its neighbour) makes it clear that the local area was a border zone by mentioning the local stream, and also a local, now vanished, village: "''Es beginnt an dem Bronnen der Frohnbach die Kuralbe hinab nach Ertzweiler. ...''" The two villages themselves are not named, only the brooks. It is believed that the one named here as the Frohnbach is the brook now known as the Stegbach. The village's administration in the [[Middle Ages]] was split between the ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' of Baumholder, which held the lesser portion, and the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Ulmet, which held the greater, in the [[County of Veldenz]], and then later in the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=11 |title=Oberalben's history |access-date=2012-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917164808/http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=11 |archive-date=2011-09-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Also important is the mention of both villages in a 1364 document from the Counts of Veldenz as ''Albin'' and ''Minewijlre''. At that time, Heinrich of Veldenz, who later became Count Heinrich III of Veldenz, lived together with his young wife Lauretta of [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]] at [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Lichtenberg Castle]]. All villages that then belonged to the Veldenz ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Altenglan-Brücken had to pay tribute to this young comital couple. Accordingly, Count Heinrich II had a document drawn up that listed every village in what was then the ''Unteramt'' of Altenglan, including these two, which remained with the County of Veldenz until 1444, when it met its end once Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] wed [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father's title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], within which Oberalben and Mayweiler found themselves in the ''Unteramt'' of Ulmet and the ''Oberamt'' of Lichtenberg.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
Both Oberalben and Mayweiler now shared a history with the County Palatine of Zweibrücken until this state was swept away in the events of the [[French Revolution]]. In 1570/1571, the Zweibrücken official Johannes Schlemmer described the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' and ''Gericht'' (court district) of Baumholder and mentioned Oberalben as then having 12 houses, two of which stood on the Kuralb's left bank, thus putting them in the ''Amt'' of Baumholder. Mayweiler was given up as a village sometime around the year 1580, and for almost the next 200 years was not settled. Oberalben did not meet with the same fate. Although during the [[Thirty Years' War]] after 1632, nearly all the villages in the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] valley were empty of people for ten years, a few people in Oberalben managed to survive this grim time, bearing witness to which are birth records in the [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]] church register. Even so, newcomers came to settle here, too, as they did throughout the depopulated regions after the war, but then came [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest, which led to yet more devastation and loss of life. Living in Oberalben and [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach|Frohnbach]] together in 1675 were eight families, and in 1688 (forty years after the Thirty Years' War ended) there were nine. Both these villages were burnt down in the years that followed. In the earlier decades of the 18th century, though, the population grew quickly, but even without war's ravages, the village suffered a great horror in 1750, when a great fire left only three houses unscathed. The Mayweilerhof, a rural estate, was founded by the Duchy in 1762 (or 1764, according to another source<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=11 |title=Oberalben's history |access-date=2012-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917164808/http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=11 |archive-date=2011-09-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>), though not on Mayweiler's former site on the meadowlands of the upper Blaubach, but rather in the same place where it lies today, stretching southwards from the Kuralb-Blaubach watershed. Today it belongs to Oberalben. At first, this new centre was made up of a single homestead in ''Erbbestand'' (a uniquely German landhold arrangement in which ownership rights and usage rights were separated; this is forbidden by law in modern Germany), and it became apparent that its cropland and grazing land was quite fertile throughout.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of [[France|French]] rule from 1801 to 1814, Oberalben and the Mayweilerhof lay within the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]], the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Kusel and the ''Mairie'' ("Mayoralty") of Ulmet. The Mayweilerhof, which over time had become home to several tenants, now passed with the dissolution of the former Zweibrücken ''Erbbestand'' arrangements into private ownership, whereupon it was bought up by the former Zweibrücken state scrivener Johann Heinrich Schleip. He, however, imposed a new tenancy arrangement on the tenants who already dwelt there. As was so throughout the [[Annexation|annexed]] lands that the French now ruled, young men from Oberalben, too, had to serve in the French army. Still preserved now is the content of two letters written home by such a soldier from Oberalben. After [[Napoleon]] had been driven out of the region, the [[Congress of Vienna]] set forth a new political order, whereby Oberalben and the Mayweilerhof found themselves in the ''baierischer Rheinkreis'', a new [[exclave]] of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. Bavaria kept the ''mairie'' system and thus the two centres still found themselves in the ''Bürgermeisterei'' ("Mayoralty") of Ulmet and even the Canton of Kusel, but now in the ''Landkommissariat'' (later ''Bezirksamt'', then ''Kreis'' or district) of Kusel. The exclave's administrative seat was at [[Speyer]]. Only in the latter half of the 19th century was the administrative structure changed. Owing to hereditary divisions and new arrivals, the Mayweilerhof expanded, especially after the turn of the 20th century, becoming once again a small village. In the 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) became quite popular in Oberalben. In the [[German federal election, May 1924|1924 Reichstag elections]], none of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]'s party, but by the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had grown to 10.1%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 86.5%. Hitler's success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. In the course of the 1968 administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], the ''Ortsgemeinde'' of Oberalben with its two ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' of Oberalben and Mayweilerhof passed in 1972 to the then newly founded [[Kusel (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel]] in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
No information about Oberalben's population levels in the [[Middle Ages]] is available. According to the 1609 ecclesiastical visitation protocol, there were 11 families and 51 inhabitants living in the village. Only a few people from Oberalben survived the [[Thirty Years' War]], but population figures rose strongly back up in the 18th century, and there was even [[emigration]], which lasted into the 20th century. All the while from the Middle Ages to modern times, the villagers earned their livelihoods at either [[agriculture]] or [[woodworking]], although as an income earner, farming had already begun to shrink in importance by the late 19th century. Today, most of the people in the workforce, who belong to the most varied of occupations, must [[Commuting|commute]] elsewhere to their jobs. With respect to religion, the great majority of the villagers belong to the [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] faith. The population figures peaked at the turn of the 20th century only for growth to stagnate after the [[Second World War]]. Since 2000, population levels have been dropping noticeably.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Oberalben, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Oberalben's population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1609 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1999 || 2005
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 51 || 180 || 229 || 310 || 349 || 324 || 311 || 309 || 286
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   || 5 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 10 ||   || 30
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   || 175 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 297 ||   || 200
|- align="center"
| '''none''' ||   || – ||   ||   ||   ||   || 4 ||   || 53
|- align="center"
| '''other''' ||   || – ||   ||   ||   ||   || – ||   || 3
|}

===Municipality's names===
The word ''Alb'' may be of [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] origin, meaning "brook" and referring to the stream called the Kuralb that flows through the village. ''Alb'' also means "light" or "shining" and is also akin to the [[Latin]] word ''albus'', which means "white". According to the theory of a Celtic origin, it is likely that the village's [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] forefathers simply took over the name that the [[Celts]] had used. The stream's name became transferred to the village that arose here. In the 1149 document issued by King [[Conrad III of Germany]] mentioned [[#Middle Ages|above]], two Remigiusberg Monastery holdings are mentioned: ''Terra de Alba'' and ''villa Milwilre''. Although ''terra'' is [[Latin]] for "land", this is to be understood to be a village, one lying on the Alb, that is to say, a brook. The root of the name Alb in the drainage system west of [[Baumholder]] (Kuralb, Totenalb, Steinalb) is the subject of differences in opinion among regional historians. As discussed above, some derive the name from the Celtic, suggesting that the remnants of Celtic settlement here persisted through [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times. Likelier, though, is that the name is of Alemannic origin, and that when the [[Franks]] drove the [[Alemanni]] out of the land ([[Battle of Tolbiac]], or [[Zülpich]], 496), slight remnants of settlement persisted, and thus the Alemannic word for "brook" was retained and adopted (the modern [[German language|German]] word for "brook" is ''Bach'', also a common placename element). Oberalben has been called by other names over the ages: ''Albam'' (1350), ''Albin'' (1364) and Oberalben (1461). Oberalben had its first documentary mention in 1387, and was once known as ''Alben'', later acquiring the prefix ''Ober—'' ("Upper") to distinguish it from Alben an der Steinalb ([[Niederalben]]) some 8 km away. As for the vanished village of Mayweiler, its name has the common [[German language|German]] placename ending ''—weiler'', which as a standalone word means "[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]" (originally "homestead"). The prefix that went with this was derived from ''Milo'', a [[Old Frankish|Frankish]] personal name. According to this theory, set forth by researchers Dolch and Greule, the old village would originally have been "Milo's Homestead". Other names that Mayweiler bore over the centuries were ''Minewijlre'' (1364), ''Mynwiler'' (1440) and ''Meinweiler'' (1588). The Mayweilerhof that exists now drew its name from the long vanished village. The ending ''—hof'' simply means "estate" or "farm".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564|title = Oberalben - regionalgeschichte.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=11 |title=Oberalben's history |access-date=2012-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917164808/http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=11 |archive-date=2011-09-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Religion==
The villages of Oberalben and Mayweiler in the ''Remigiusland'' in what is now the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]], which from their founding to the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] were held by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Archbishopric of Reims]], were nonetheless subject under ecclesiastical organization to the [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]]. Within the regional ecclesiastical organization, the villages might well have belonged from the beginning and even after the Reformation was introduced to the parish of Flurskappeln (Ulmet). The assumption that a [[chapel]] once stood near Oberalben (there is a country lane leading to [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach|Frohnbach]] named Kapellweg, or "Chapel Way") was long disputed, but has been confirmed by historical sources. The pastor from Flurskappeln was likely the one who held services. In the late 16th century, this chapel was no longer there, and worshippers had to make the arduous journey to the [[church (building)|church]] near [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]] to attend services there. In 1588, as [[Forced conversion|demanded]] by the lord, all the villagers [[Religious conversion|converted]] from [[Lutheranism]] to [[John Calvin]]'s [[Calvinism|Reformed]] faith. Since 1920, [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] believers from Oberalben and the Mayweilerhof have been going to church in the neighbouring municipality of [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach]], a branch of the parish of Kusel. The few [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Christianity|Christians]] attend church in [[Kusel]]. Until 1848, the inhabitants of Oberalben and the Mayweilerhof buried their dead at the graveyard near the ''Flurskapelle'' (country chapel) in Ulmet. Oberalben now has its own graveyard in the rural cadastral area known as Brechkaut.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360307000.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Oberalben's mayor is Walter Dick, and his deputies are Sonja Kissel and Albrecht Kunz.<ref>[http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/ograt.php?gid=11 Oberalben's council]</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''{{lang|de|In Blau ein silberner Schrägrechtswellenbalken, oben rechts die verschlungenen, goldenen Großbuchstaben ‚A‘ und ‚V‘, unten links ein rotbewehrter und -bezungter, goldener Löwe.}}''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Azure a bend sinister wavy argent between the letter A surmounted by the letter V Or and a lion rampant of the same armed and langued gules.

The bend sinister wavy (diagonal wavy stripe) stands for the stream that runs through the village, the Kuralb. The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side, the [[House of Wittelsbach]] (Palatine) lion, is a reference to the village's former allegiance to the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. The field [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]], azure (blue), recalls the village's former status as part of the [[County of Veldenz]]. The letters "A V" stand for ''Amt Ulmet'' (with the V serving as an archaic form of U) and refer to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' ("Mayoralty") of [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]], to which Oberalben was assigned until 1972, when the [[Kusel (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel]] was established.

The arms have been borne since 1983 when they were approved by the ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Description and explanation of Oberalben's arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Hauptstraße 3a – ''Auswanderermuseum'' ("Emigrants' Museum"); former stable-barn, before 1842

===Regular events===
The customs kept in Oberalben are those that are usual in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. There is a ''Wanderstag'' ("[[hiking]] day") after [[Christmas]], a "New Year's Shooting", the [[Shrovetide]] [[Carnival]], locally called ''Fastnacht'', the [[Whitsun]]tide custom of the ''Pfingstquack'', ever beloved by children (see the [[Henschtal]] article for more about this<ref>[http://www.westpfalz-journal.de/Seiten/300verschiedenes/Auswanderermuseum/Pfingstquack.htm The ''Pfingstquack'' explained] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124212237/http://www.westpfalz-journal.de/Seiten/300verschiedenes/Auswanderermuseum/Pfingstquack.htm |date=November 24, 2011 }}</ref>), the [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerwe'') with the raising of the "bouquet" (actually a decorated [[spruce]] tree) and the kermis speech and [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin's]] parades. This festival is held by the ''Oberälwer'' (the name for the villagers in the local speech) on the weekend before [[Saint Gall]]'s Day (16 October). The timing still recalls the former ties with [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]], where the great ''Gallusmarkt'' (Saint Gall's [[Market (place)|Market]]) is held.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Oberalben has the following clubs, which are largely responsible for local public events:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Clubs]</ref>
*''FCK-Fanclub "Harter Kern"'' — [[1. FC Kaiserslautern]] fan club "Hard Core"
*''Feuerwehr-Förderverein'' — [[fire brigade]] promotional association
*''Förderverein des Auswanderermuseums'' — Emigrants' Museum promotional association
*''Krankenpflegeverein'' — [[nursing]] association
*''Landfrauenverein'' — countrywomen's club (for [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach]], Oberalben and [[Körborn]])
*''MGV Erheiterung'' — men's singing club "Exhilaration"
*''Spielvereinigung Dennweiler-Frohnbach und Oberalben'' — union of [[sport club]]s

===Museums===
The Oberalben Emigrants' [[Museum]] (''Auswanderermuseum Oberalben'') at Hauptstraße 3b in the middle of the village shows visitors emigrants' backgrounds, travels and settlement. For more than 300 years, many local people [[Emigration|emigrated]], particularly to [[North America]], among them [[baseball]] legend [[Babe Ruth]]'s forebears. The museum's whole concept is to use exhibits and display boards to track those who wanted to emigrate through the process of getting approval from the authorities, to the journey over to the chosen new land and finally to their arrival and settlement there. This process took most of the emigrants to North America. The museum is supposed to help the visitor understand the manifold issues, with a special focus on human beings' fates. Technical advice is given the museum by the historians and [[Museology|museologists]] Dr. Ulrich Wagner and Stefan Knobloch, who work at the ''Historisches Museum [[Bremerhaven]]'', as well as Roland Paul from the ''Institut für Pfälzische Geschichte und Volkskunde'' (Institute for Palatine History and [[Folklore]]) in [[Kaiserslautern]]. Since the museum is tended by volunteer helpers, it is only ever open on the first and third Sunday in every month. By mutual agreement, though, visitors can make other arrangements to see the museum.<ref>[http://www.auswanderermuseum.de/deutsch/start_d.htm ''Auswanderermuseum Oberalben'' homepage]</ref> Events of regional importance, particularly concerts, are staged sporadically in the museum's rooms.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Museums]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
In earlier times, when the only income earners in Oberalben were farmers and a few craftsmen, there also stood within the village's limits two [[Mill (grinding)|mills]]. One stood downstream from the village in the Kuralb valley. This was a watermill at which farmers could only have their grain ground when the actual domain mill in [[Ruthweiler]] was overburdened. A newer mill stood on the Stegbach, and thus upstream from the village. Both mills shut down for good as early as the 19th century. Also in business within municipal limits during the 18th century was a small [[silver]] mine. There are still [[Agriculture|agricultural]] operations even today. Worthy of mention is one family that works the land as a secondary occupation, and strictly [[Organic farming|organically]]. The great majority of Oberalben inhabitants must [[Commuting|commute]] to jobs outside the village. It is believed that there are future opportunities for the village in [[tourism]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
Originally, schoolchildren from Oberalben and the Mayweilerhof had to attend classes in [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]]. Beginning in 1762, Oberalben, like other places in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Ulmet too, officially got a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare), after having had "provisory instruction" already for a few years. The first known teacher at the winter school was the former Ulmet reeve Johann Schreiner. For this teacher the municipality paid three barrels and two ''Sester'' of corn ([[wheat]] or [[rye]]) as well as 2 [[Rhenish guilder]]s, 2 [[Batzen]] and 4 Pfennige in cash. Oberalben did not get its own schoolhouse until 1834. This was expanded in 1875 and given a little belltower. Another schoolhouse was built in 1892/1893 on the way leading out of the village towards the east. School was then held there while the old schoolhouse in the middle of the village served as the teacher's dwelling. In 1971, the village school was dissolved. Today, [[primary school]] pupils and [[Hauptschule]] students attend their respective schools in [[Kusel]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Oberalben lies on ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 23, which branches off ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 76 near [[Thallichtenberg]] and leads by way of [[Körborn]], [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach]] and Oberalben to ''Kreisstraße'' 22 near the Mayweilerhof. On ''Kreisstraße'' 22, drivers can reach ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 in about 3 km, which leads straight into [[Kusel]] (5 km). To the south runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). The [[interchange (road)|interchange]] near [[Konken]] lies roughly 10 km away. The nearest station is [[Kusel station]], which is the terminus of the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]], connecting to [[Kaiserslautern Central Station|Kaiserslautern]] and is served by an hourly [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67, called the ''Glantalbahn'' (the name of which refers to the [[Glan Valley Railway]], which shared some of the route of the Landstuhl–Kusel line).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7564 Transport]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110917164808/http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=11 Oberalben in the collective municipality's webpages] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.auswanderermuseum.de/deutsch/start_d.htm ''Auswanderermuseum Oberalben''] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Niederstaufenbach

2024-12-07T08:46:15Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Niederstaufenbach.jpg → File:DEU Niederstaufenbach COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Niederstaufenbach COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49.52849|7.51813|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Niederstaufenbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 240
|area = 2.01
|postal_code = 66879
|area_code = 06385
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 068
|mayor = Karl Hahnenberger<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Niederstaufenbach''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], Germany. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Niederstaufenbach lies in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] between the Walbersberg and the Krämel (mountains), on both sides of the Reichenbach in a broad hollow roughly a kilometre and a half up from where the Bosenbach empties into the Reichenbach. The village sits at an elevation of roughly 240 m above [[sea level]] between the villages of [[Oberstaufenbach]] and [[Bosenbach|Friedelhausen]]. On the dale's west side, the ground climbs up steeply to the [[Potzberg]] (hill) and to the neighbouring village of [[Föckelberg]]. Stretching east of the dale is a somewhat higher mountain ridge (Hertelwald 338 m) between the Reichenbach valley and the Walsbach and Bosenbach valleys. Rising in the south, within neighbouring Oberstaufenbach's limits, is the mountain Heidenburg, from which the village might have got its name (see [[#Municipality's name|'''Municipality's name''']] below). The municipal area measures 201 ha, of which 31 ha is wooded and roughly 6 ha is settled.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Niederstaufenbach borders in the north on the municipality of [[Bosenbach]], in the east on the municipality of [[Reichenbach-Steegen]], in the south on the municipality of [[Oberstaufenbach]] and in the west on the municipality of [[Föckelberg]].

===Municipality's layout===
Niederstaufenbach's old village core lies on the Reichenbach's left bank on a small side brook known in old border descriptions as the Limbach, but it is not to be confused with another stream by that name near [[Oberstaufenbach]]. The Limbach at Niederstaufenbach rises near [[Föckelberg]] on the slope of the Potzberg. In this part of the village stand ''Einfirsthäuser'' ("single-roof-ridge houses"), a kind of farmhouse found throughout the Westrich, an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and [[France]]. An extensive new building zone stretches out on the brook's right bank next to the road going towards [[Bosenbach]]. The ''Niederstaufenbacher Mühle'' ([[mill (grinding)|mill]]) stands down the dale, likewise on the right bank at the old millrace. Towards the end of the 20th century, the municipality opened a building zone on the way to [[Bosenbach|Friedelhausen]]. A further new building zone was laid out up from the graveyard.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
The area around what is now Niederstaufenbach was already settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], for around the plateau of the Heidenburg ran a [[Celts|Celtic]] [[Circular rampart|ringwall]], although owing to quarrying, nothing of it can now be made out. Indeed, the mountain's name, Heidenburg, means "heathen castle" in [[German language|German]]. Thus far, no [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] or pre-Roman [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds have been unearthed right near the village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Just when Niederstaufenbach was founded cannot now be said, although the placename ending ''—bach'' offers a clue, for villages whose names end thus usually date back to sometime in the 8th or 9th century. At the time of its founding, the village still lay in the [[Imperial immediacy|Imperially immediate]] ''Reichsland'' of the ''Vosagus'' (the [[Vosges Mountains|Vosges]]) lying in a broad area around the royal estate at Lautern ([[Kaiserslautern]]). No later than sometime during the 14th century, the Imperially immediate areas around Kaiserslautern were given to counties that bordered on the ''Reichsland'' as Imperial pledges. Thus Niederstaufenbach, together with [[Bosenbach]], [[Elzweiler]], [[Horschbach]] and all the villages in the ''Eßweiler Tal'' (dale), passed into the ownership of the [[Waldgrave]]s and Rhinegraves of Grumbach, whereas the villages of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Reichenbach passed to the [[County of Veldenz]]. Since in the Niederstaufenbach area the Limbach and, upstream, the Reichenbach formed the boundary between these two ''Ämter'', the part of the village of Niederstaufenbach on the wedge of land between the two brooks must have belonged to the ''Amt'' of Reichenbach (see the mention of "Mittelstaufenbach" under [[#Municipality's name|'''Municipality's name''']]).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1595, the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves gave Niederstaufenbach, together with [[Glanbrücken|Hachenbach]], [[Horschbach]], [[Elzweiler]] and [[Bosenbach]], in an exchange for [[Idar-Oberstein|Kirchenbollenbach]] to the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. These villages then became the new ''Amt'' of Bosenbach, which remained in existence within Palatinate-Zweibrücken until the [[French Revolution]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of [[France|French]] rule from 1801 to 1814, Niederstaufenbach belonged to the ''Mairie'' ("Mayoralty") of Bosenbach, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]). In 1816, under terms laid out by the [[Congress of Vienna]], the ''Baierischer Rheinkreis'' ("Bavarian Rhine District") was founded, a new [[exclave]] of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. Niederstaufenbach now lay in the ''Landcommissariat'' (later ''Bezirksamt'' and then ''Landkreis'' or district) of Kusel, but still in the Canton of Wolfstein. The [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] was held by Bavaria until 1945. Indeed, Niederstaufenbach belongs to the Kusel district even today. The ''Bürgermeisterei'' ("Mayoralty") of Bosenbach was dissolved in the course of administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] in 1968. Since 1 January 1972, Niederstaufenbach has belonged as an ''Ortsgemeinde'' to the [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
At the time of the 1609 ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Lichtenberg ecclesiastical visitation, 11 families lived in Niederstaufenbach, made up of 22 married people, 30 children, one [[widow]]er, one maid and one manservant, and thus 55 inhabitants all together. At that time, no distinction was made between Niederstaufenbach and "Mittelstaufenbach".

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Niederstaufenbach, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Niederstaufenbach’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1609 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 2003 || 2006
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 55 || 164 || 218 || 183 || 280 || 287 || 265 || 219 || 300
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' || – || 87 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 96 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' || 55* || 77 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 156 ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''Other''' || – || – ||   ||   ||   ||   || 13 ||   ||  
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>This figure dates from before the 1818 Protestant Union and thus actually represents [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]] and [[Calvinism|Calvinists]].

===Municipality's name===
The word ''Stauf'' can mean either "chalice" or "crag"/"cliff"/"mountain". In Niederstaufenbach's and [[Oberstaufenbach]]'s case, the word obviously refers to the mountain called the Heidenburg within Oberstaufenbach's limits. It is likely that the Reichenbach in the Heidenburg area was once called the "Staufenbach". Thus, the brook drew its name from the mountain, and then the villages were named after the brook. Besides the two villages of Niederstaufenbach and Oberstaufenbach (whose prefixes mean "nether"/"lower" and "upper" respectively), old documents sometimes mentioned ''Mittelstaufenbach'' (whose prefix means "middle"). This was not a village as such, but rather a smaller part of the village of Niederstaufenbach that did not belong to the ''Amt'' of Bosenbach, but rather to the ''Amt'' of Reichenbach. The village was mentioned as ''Stauffenbach'' in 1322 and 1377, as ''nieder Stauffenbach'' in 1393 and as ''Loch Stauffenbach'' in 1567. The word ''Loch'' that appears before the name in that last mention is most likely not the current [[German language|German]] word ''Loch'' (generally understood to mean "hole", and not related to the [[Goidelic languages|Gaelic]] word ''[[loch]]''), but rather an old word meaning "light forest". This may have been the way that Niederstaufenbach and Oberstaufenbach were distinguished from each other in the [[Late Middle Ages]]. According to another version of events, ''Lochstaufenbach'' was the part of the village that had belonged to the Duchy of Palatinate-Veldenz, but passed to the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] in a "regional reform" in 1600.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Municipality’s name]</ref>

==Religion==
Beginning with the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] and until the [[Thirty Years' War]] ended, all Niederstaufenbach's inhabitants belonged first to the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] faith, and then as of 1588 to the [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] ([[Calvinism|Reformed]]) faith. Only after the war were members of other denominations once again allowed to settle here. The settling of [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Christianity|Christians]] was encouraged during [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest through his ''Politique des Réunions''. The village's [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Christians originally belonged to the parish of Deinsberg (Theißberg). When [[Bosenbach]] was raised to parish in its own right after the Reformation, Niederstaufenbach was grouped into it as a branch. Alongside the Reformed parish, there was also as of 1709 also once again a Lutheran parish in Bosenbach. The Lutherans and Calvinists were united by the 1818 Palatine Union. The united Protestant parish of Bosenbach remained in existence until 1971. The Protestants of Niederstaufenbach and Bosenbach nowadays belong to the [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] parish of Jettenbach. The village's Catholics have belonged to the Catholic parish of Reichenbach ever since it was resurrected about 1700.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360106800.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Niederstaufenbach's mayor is Karl Hahnenberger.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Or issuant from base and dexter crags sable and to sinister a lion rampant crowned gules armed and langued azure, on a chief of the second a fess wavy of the first.

Niederstaufenbach's arms bear the same [[charge (heraldry)|charge]]s in the same composition as Oberstaufenbach's. This was apparently done on purpose. The only heraldic difference lies in the [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s. The tinctures sable and Or (black and gold) are a reference to the village's former allegiance to the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] or Palatinate-Zweibrücken, depending on the source, while the lion in gules (red) refers to another former lord, the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] or the Rhinegraves of Grumbach, again, depending on the source. The crags and the wavy fess on the [[chief (heraldry)|chief]] are [[Canting arms|canting]] charges for the municipality's name, ''Stauf'' being an archaic word for "crag" in [[German language|German]] (the usual word is ''Fels'' or ''Felsen''), and the wavy fess standing for a brook, or in German, ''Bach'', namely the Reichenbach. The crags to which the arms refer are the Heidenburg. ''Nieder'' means the same as its [[English language|English]] [[cognate]] "nether", namely "lower".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/niederstaufenbach/ |title=Description and explanation of Niederstaufenbach’s arms |access-date=2012-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323221447/http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/niederstaufenbach/ |archive-date=2016-03-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The arms have been borne since 1976 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Description and explanation of Niederstaufenbach’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Regular events===
Niederstaufenbach holds its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) on the first weekend in August. Otherwise, the village has no customs that set it apart from neighbouring villages.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
As of 2000, Niederstaufenbach has a music club (no longer active), a men's singing club, a local history club, a women's [[choir]] and a ''[[Stammtisch]]''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Originally, there were only a few well off farmers living in Niederstaufenbach. The ''Niederstaufenbacher Mühle'' ([[mill (grinding)|mill]]), which has been shut down, was named in 1743 and mentioned as having two overshot [[waterwheel]]s, and the rental price for each wheel was two ''Malter'' of corn ([[wheat]] or [[rye]]) and oats. Alongside the few farmers, few could claim to be craftsmen. As [[agriculture]] lost its importance, the number of workers rose. Beginning in the late 18th century, the Potzberg's outlying hills were being [[Prospecting|prospected]] for [[Mercury (element)|quicksilver]]. Furthermore, a [[coal]] mine was being worked in Niederstaufenbach. In the 19th and 20th centuries, many villagers were employed as quarrymen at the Heidenburg [[quarry]] near [[Oberstaufenbach]] and at the quarries on the Schneeweiderhof. Today, the village's businesses are an [[automobile repair shop]], a window manufacturing company, a private [[engineering]] company for construction and two [[inn]]s.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
Until the 18th century, Niederstaufenbach's schoolchildren had to attend [[school]] in [[Bosenbach]]. Both the [[Protestantism|Protestants']] and the [[Catholic Church|Catholics']] efforts to hire their own schoolteacher for Niederstaufenbach failed. Several times in records, clues crop up suggesting that both denominations had, for short terms only, hired so-called ''Schulmeister''. These cannot be considered scholastic institutions, however. Only in 1833 did Niederstaufenbach build its own schoolhouse. By that time, the Catholics already had their own schoolteacher, and meanwhile, the Protestant schoolchildren had still been attending classes in Bosenbach. The new schoolhouse in Niederstaufenbach, however, was to be run as a denominationally communal school. A new schoolhouse was built in Niederstaufenbach about 1960. Nowadays, those from Niederstaufenbach attending school go to either the [[primary school]] in [[Rammelsbach]] or the [[Hauptschule]] ([[Regionale Schule]]) in [[Altenglan]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Running through the [[Commuter town|bedroom community]] of Niederstaufenbach is ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 367, which was expanded in the mid 19th century. In the village centre, a linking road, ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 34, branches off to [[Bosenbach]]. To the southwest runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). The nearest Autobahn [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s lie 15 and 25 km away. Serving [[Altenglan]] 5 km away is [[Altenglan station]], which is on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]] and is served by [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67, called the ''Glantalbahn'' (the name of which refers to the [[Glan Valley Railway]], which shared some of the route of the Landstuhl–Kusel line, including the former railway junction at Altenglan). The [[Kaiserslautern Central Station|station in Kaiserslautern]] lies 30 km away.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7729 Transport]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121114192358/http://www.altenglan.de/index.php?gid=9 Niederstaufenbach in the collective municipality's webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Niederalben

2024-12-06T05:14:12Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Niederal.jpg → File:DEU Niederalben COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Niederalben COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49.60659|7.4669|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Niederalben in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 210
|area = 3.24
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06387
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 067
|mayor = Michael Rihlmann<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}{{More sources needed|date=May 2024}}[[File:Niederalben.JPG|thumb|297px|Niederalben]]
'''Niederalben''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in the Steinalb valley in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. The municipal area is 72.7% wooded. Niederalben lies at an elevation of between 180 and 250 m above [[sea level]] on the Steinalb's left bank. This brook empties into the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] only a few hundred metres downstream from the village. Running alongside the brook is a village [[bypass (road)|bypass]].

The streets within the village itself sprout off the original through road that the bypass has now replaced and lead into the little side dales. Elevations outside the village reach heights of greater than 400 m above sea level. Among the more noteworthy of these is the Mittagsfels, with its craggy steep slopes looming over the built-up area.

The Glan and Steinalb valleys are rather narrow, and on either side, a broad plateau spreads out. Two thirds of the former municipal area (before 1938) today lies within the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground, a military facility created by the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7415|title=Niederalben - regionalgeschichte.net|website=www.regionalgeschichte.net}}</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Niederalben borders in the north on the [[Baumholder]] Troop Drilling Ground, in the east on the municipality of [[Sankt Julian]], in the south on the municipality of [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]] and in the west on the municipality of [[Rathsweiler]].

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Niederalben is the outlying homestead of Neuwirtshaus.<ref name="auto"/>

===Municipality’s layout===
Niederalben's appearance is characterized by its topographical location. The street with the newer houses runs parallel to the Steinalb, right near which building was formerly avoided owing to the [[flood]]ing danger. In the narrow side dales, two centres have formed, called ''Oberdorf'' and ''Unterdorf'' ("upper village" and "lower village"). Where the two side dales meet stands the old village [[church (building)|church]]. Nearby stands the [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] parish hall, which long served as a stand-in church, although the old church has now been properly renovated and now once more fulfils its original purpose.

The trend towards "modernity" claimed many old farmhouses in the rush to convert existing properties, often radically, into modern dwellings, but nowadays the trend is more towards striving to preserve older building forms. The municipality has become almost wholly a residential community, a great shift from its former function as a pure farming village. In 1994, the [[Phenology|phenological]] [[weather station]] run by the [[Deutscher Wetterdienst|German Weather Service]] in [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Offenbach]] was closed after having existed since the end of the [[Second World War]]. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the municipality had a vast woodland in the Steinalb area that was tended by the municipality's own forester. This forest, along with a great part of the old municipal area, now belongs to the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground, a big restricted area, and is now tended by the state forest administration in [[Baumholder]].

A forester's house for the Steinalb area long stood in Niederalben, but this has since been sold. The main farming lands are found on the high plateau on either side of the dale. The greater part of the municipal woodland now found in what is left of the municipal area was planted after the Second World War. Within the municipal area lie two nature conservation areas, "Mittagsfels" with its dry grassland and rare flora, and "Steinalbmündung", a bird conservation area.<ref name="auto" />

==History==

===Antiquity===
[[Prehistory|Prehistoric]] [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds within Niederalben's current limits are not directly established. Right at the municipal limit, however, in the cadastral area known as Schwarzland, now inside the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground, two urn graves were unearthed in 1938 from [[La Tène culture|La Tène times]] (about 500 BC). The urns along with [[grave goods]] were handed over to the monument office in [[Trier]] that was then responsible for such things.

Prehistoric [[hammerstone]]s have been found in within Niederalben's limits. The broader area around the village, too, is quite rich in prehistoric finds from the [[Middle Stone Age|Middle]] and [[New Stone Age]]. Already in prehistoric times, there were linking trails over the heights leading towards [[Trier]], and later, a [[Roman roads|Roman road]] ran through what is now the municipal area. Finds from [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times have not turned up in Niederalben. It is likely that the area originally lay in the Lautern royal forest, but did not belong to the lands that [[Franks|Frankish]] kings donated to ecclesiastical lordships such as the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]] or the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Bishopric of Reims]].<ref name="auto" />

===Middle Ages===
In 1287, Hunhausen (see [[#Vanished villages|v'''anished villages''']] below) had its first documentary mention. About 1290, a document mentioned a man named Wilmar Vilemann von Alben, who may well have been the first in a line of lesser noblemen of the house of Alben, who in the [[Late Middle Ages]] held important offices under [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Sigismund]] in [[Vienna]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1538)|Hungary]]. His significance is that his noble house, "Alben", bears the same name as the village, although the latter also bears the prefix ''Nieder—'' ("Nether" or "Lower"). Johann von [[Zagreb|Agram]] from the German noble family of Alben became Chancellor of [[Pécs|Fünfkirchen]], and his brother became Bishop of Fünfkirchen. One of the first written records about the area is a ''Weistum'' (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times) from the ''Hochgericht auf der Heide'' ("[[Blood court|High Court]] on the [[Heath]]") to which a letter of enfeoffment refers as early as 1351.

The High Court on the Heath – a geographical area as well as an actual court – was the land between the Steinalb, the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] and the [[Nahe (Rhine)|Nahe]], which in the late 10th century became more heavily settled, as witnessed in documents from both [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Otto III]] and [[Willigis|Archbishop Willigis]] of [[Electorate of Mainz|Mainz]]. It is likely that the area later passed to the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] as an [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] pledge, and was then transferred by that state to the [[Waldgrave]]s and Rhinegraves of Steinkallenfels and Grumbach, along with the high court jurisdiction.

Already by [[Ottonian dynasty|Ottonian]] times, the area was no longer held by the kingly treasury anyway. In a directory of [[fief]]s from about 1200 for the Rhinegrave Wolfram, it says: "''Item de Abbate de Sancto Albano habet Ringravius in feodo Helbach und Wiselbach apud Winterhuche, duas villas cum omni iure.''" This text in somewhat fractured [[Mediaeval Latin]] – it even has the [[German language|German]] word ''und'' thrown in – roughly translates as "Likewise from [[St. Alban's Abbey, Mainz|Saint Alban’s Abbey]], the Rhinegrave has in fief ''Helbach'' and ''Wiselbach'' near ''Winterhuche'', two estates with all rights." The high court jurisdiction in the region of the High Court on the Heath was never challenged. In 1429, the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves enfeoffed a man named Johann von Hagen with the villages and courts of ''Alben'', ''Nyderalben'' and ''Hunehausen''. Here, the name ''Alben'' was used for a place that still exists now, part of Niederalben, and today customarily called the ''Oberdorf'' ("upper village").<ref name="auto" />

===Modern times===
In the 16th century, Niederalben – here meaning only the part today customarily called the ''Unterdorf'' ("lower village") – passed to the Lords of Groroth. The Lords of Hagen owned 18 house-based persons while the Lords of Groroth owned eight or nine in what were then the two villages. In 1650, the rights held by the Lords of Groroth passed back to the Rhinegraves. In 1791, the last Lord of Hagen died, and thus Niederalben likewise passed back to the Rhinegraves.<ref name="auto"/>

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were annexed by France. Niederalben found itself within the French state in 1801. With the new political arrangement and within the new boundaries, Niederalben found itself in the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Grumbach, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]]. After [[France|French]] rule, the [[Congress of Vienna]] drew new boundaries yet again. In 1816, Niederalben passed to the [[Principality of Lichtenberg]], a newly created [[exclave]] of the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], which in 1826 became the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]. As part of this state, it passed in 1834 by sale to the Kingdom of [[Prussia]], which made this area into the Sankt Wendel district. Later, after the [[First World War]], the [[Treaty of Versailles]] stipulated, among other things, that 26 of the Sankt Wendel district’s 94 municipalities had to be ceded to the [[United Kingdom|British]]- and [[France|French]]-[[Military occupation|occupied]] [[Saar (League of Nations)|Saar]]. The remaining 68 municipalities then bore the designation "Restkreis St. Wendel-Baumholder", with the first syllable of ''Restkreis'' having the same meaning as in English, in the sense of "left over". Niederalben belonged to this district until 1937, when it was transferred to the [[Birkenfeld (district)|Birkenfeld district]], which had formerly been under [[Free State of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]] administration. After [[Adolf Hitler]]’s downfall and Germany's defeat in the [[Second World War]], the municipality was grouped into the then newly founded (1946) [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], all the while still in the Birkenfeld district, but now also in the ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' of Koblenz. In the course of administrative restructuring in the state, Niederalben passed to the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]], and in 1969, it was transferred, this time to the Kusel district, in which it remains today. In 1972, Niederalben was grouped as an ''Ortsgemeinde'' into the [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]]. In 1974, the village [[bypass (road)|bypass]] was built.<ref name="auto"/>

===Population development===
In 1429, twenty-seven house-based persons were counted in what is now Niederalben. Going by this figure, the total population was some 200 inhabitants. In the [[Thirty Years' War]] and [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest, there was great loss of life. Nevertheless, by the 18th century the population had grown roughly threefold over what it had been in the 15th, first with new settlers after the war and then strong growth. This made many inhabitants in the 19th century choose [[emigration]]. In 1833, there were 526 persons living in Niederalben in 87 families. Among the adults were 131 men and 161 women, while among the children were 161 boys and 103 girls. Seven people lived outside the village. By religion, 449 inhabitants were [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] and 70 [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]. There were no [[Judaism|Jews]], nor were there any [[Mennonite]]s.

In the late 19th century, and in the earlier half of the 20th, the population had evened off to a level of 500 inhabitants. Between 1945 and 1950 came a noticeable upswing from 520 to 575 inhabitants, brought about by [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|ethnic Germans driven out of Germany's former eastern territories]] and [[Republikflucht|people who had fled East Germany]] arriving in Niederalben. Between 1950 and 1960, the population grew at first only slowly, and then abruptly dropped off to about 500. Many of those who had been forced to come here left again seeking places with better industrial structure. Even young people had no job opportunities.

In 1996, the village had only 400 inhabitants, of whom almost a fourth were over 60 years of age. Also counted in that total are [[Political asylum|asylum]] seekers with many children. By 2007, the population had further fallen to 343. Many people in the last century were employed on the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground, but it must be borne in mind that this is being dissolved bit by bit. Thus, the population might yet further shrink. For decades now, young people have had to seek their livelihoods elsewhere, in other regions.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Niederalben:<ref name="auto"/>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1815 || 1860 || 1900 || 1925 || 1958 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 356 || 583 || 478 || 518 || 564 || 343
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The placename is geographical in origin, and has to do with the village lying on the brook. According to many interpretations, the name ''Alb'' comes from the pre-Germanic name for a body of water, ''Alba''. According to another theory, the name goes back to the customary Allemanic word for a brook, ''Alb''. In contrast to Niederalben, which lies on the Steinalb, [[Oberalben]] lies up in the headwaters of another brook named Alb, namely the Kuralb. Since the name ''Alben'' is commonly encountered in the surrounding area, it can be difficult to reckon which is which in old documents. According to researchers Dolch and Greule, Niederalben had its first documentary mention in 1290.<ref name="auto"/>

===Vanished villages===
The villages of Ohlscheid and Hunhausen have not been mentioned in documents since the late 16th century, and their municipal areas were long ago absorbed into Niederalben's. Many rural cadastral toponyms still recall these two villages, which once, like Niederalben, belonged to the ''Vierherrengericht'' ("Four-Lord Court") of [[Sankt Julian]] and also to the ''Hochgericht auf der Heide'' ("High Court on the Heath"). Ohlscheid lay on the ridge between Niederalben and Sankt Julian. Hunhausen, also called Hanhausen, might have been the seat of a "Hun" or "Hund". The term refers to the function borne by a lower administrative official. This village likely lay on the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan's]] not very steep left bank between Niederalben and Eschenau (one of Sankt Julian's constituent communities).<ref name="auto"/>

==Religion==
Niederalben's old village [[church (building)|church]] comes from the 14th century and, according to some stories at least, was once ''Ulfilaskapelle'' ("[[Ulfilas]]’s [[Chapel]]"). In 1588, though, Johannes Hofmann mentioned a chapel called ''Sankt Wolfgang'' to which "great pilgrimage from faraway foreign lands took place". This church might not have been exactly the same one as today's village church, and [[Wolfgang of Regensburg|Saint Wolfgang's]] patronage may actually have applied to a now long vanished [[pilgrimage]] church that stood on a slope in the village's south end and that may have been destroyed in a [[landslide]]. According to Hofmann's description, it stood "forward on the Steinalb, right on the way that goes from [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]] towards [[Meisenheim]]." This meant the ancient road link running from [[Rathsweiler]], by the former federal forestry office and on to Eschenau (an outlying centre of Sankt Julian).

During renovations at the still preserved village church, an expert opinion yielded a date of 1347 (give or take 8 years) for the felling of the timbers used for the roof. It is to be assumed that Niederalben was from the beginning a branch of the parish of Sankt Julian. In 1556, the Counts of Grumbach introduced [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] belief. The nave was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War. For a long time, there were no services at the church, and [[Protestantism|Protestants]] had to attend church services in neighbouring Sankt Julian. In 1772, the nave was renovated in [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] style, and then there could once more be church services in the village. In 1816 came a new arrangement, for Sankt Julian had become, under the [[Congress of Vienna]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]].

The [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] believers at first attended services at the Church of [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Offenbach am Glan]]. In 1839, a parish of Niederalben-Erzweiler was founded, which ''[[de jure]]'' still exists today. The other place that belonged to the parish, Erzweiler, which lay within the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground, was permanently dissolved about 1970 (after not having existed anyway for well over three decades). For a while beginning in 1970, there was joint parochial leadership by the pastors from Offenbach, [[Herren-Sulzbach]] and [[Medard]]. Since 1991, the two ecclesiastical communities of Medard and Niederalben, which lie 15 km away from each other, are both tended by the pastor from Medard. The few Catholic villagers belong to the church community of [[Rammelsbach]] and attend [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] at the Catholic church in Ulmet. Formerly, there was a [[simultaneum]] at the village's Evangelical church, but the Catholics seldom ever made use of it. The village's Catholics take part in Evangelical community life.

At the old graveyard around the church, the dead of both denominations were buried. In the time of [[France|French]] rule, this graveyard was [[Secularization|secularized]] and ownership was transferred to the municipality. From 1835, there were no further burials at the graveyard around the church. The land was given back to the church in 1836, a deed acknowledged in an 1895 agreement. The municipal graveyard beneath the Mittagsfels was laid out in 1835.<ref name="auto" />

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360106700.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Niederalben's mayor is Michael Rihlmann.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per bend sinister Or a lion rampant sinister gules armed and langued azure and azure issuant from base a mount of three of the first upon which a pasqueflower argent.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side, the lion, is a reference to the village's former allegiance to the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] (according to one source) or the [[Waldgrave]]s (according to another). The charges on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side are a [[Pulsatilla|pasqueflower]], which within the municipality is under conservational protection at the Mittagsfels conservation area, and a three-knolled hill (a charge known in [[German heraldry]] as a ''Dreiberg''), representing the plant's [[habitat]] (it only grows on hilly land).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/niederalben/ |title=Description and explanation of Niederalben’s arms |access-date=2012-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413094301/http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/niederalben |archive-date=2016-04-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The arms have been borne since 1964.<ref name="auto"/>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf|title=Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district}}</ref>
* [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] church, Im Eck 3 – [[aisleless church]], reduced five-eighths quire, essentially about 1355 ([[Dendrochronology|dendrochronologically]] dated), conversion 1772, [[ridge turret]] about 1901; furnishings, Stumm [[organ (music)|organ]] about 1800
* Im Eck 1 and 3 (monumental zone) – group of houses from an estate complex (house and standalone barn) from 1893 and Evangelical church, 1355 and 1772
* In der Gass 14, Neuwirtshaus 3 and 5 – two former ''Quereinhäuser'' (combination residential and commercial houses divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), no. 5 with [[crow-stepped gable]], 1747, back wing not as old; no. 3 plastered building with half-hipped roof, 1789, conversion 1856

===Natural monuments===
Niederalben has two nature conservation areas, Mittagsfels and Steinalbmündung, both whose names refer to the local geography. "Mittagsfels" is also a craggy formation, and the name Steinalbmündung means "mouth of the Steinalb", the local brook.<ref name="auto"/> Parts of the Steinalbmündung Nature Conservation Area actually also lie within [[Rathsweiler]]’s and [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet’s]] limits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.naturschutz.rlp.de/Dokumente/rvo/nsg/pdf/NSG-7336-104.pdf|title=Order establishing the Steinalbmündung Nature Conservation Area}}</ref>

===Regular events===
Niederalben holds its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerwe'') on the first Sunday in May (also called the ''Maikerb''), and it still draws many former villagers who have moved elsewhere. On that Sunday, the ''Straußbuben'' ("bouquet lads"), and often also ''Straußmädchen'' ("bouquet girls"), put the ''Kerwestrauß'' up at the [[inn]]. Although it is called a ''Strauß'' ("bouquet"), it is actually a [[spruce]] tree decorated with colourful streamers. The ''Straußpfarrer'' ("bouquet pastor", but not a real clergyman) then reads the rhymed ''Straußpredigt'' ("bouquet sermon"), which is a summary of the year's events in the village. Over the last few years, city dwellers have felt a heightened interest in this rural custom, even if the kermis is no longer celebrated like a "[[Poland|Polish]] or [[Russia]]n church consecration festival", as J. von Plänckner put it in 1833 in his ''Beschreibung der königlich preußischen, der königlich bayerischen, der großherzoglich oldenburgischen und der landgräflich Hessen-Homburgischen Rheinlande'' ("Description of the [[Prussia|Royal Prussian]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Royal Bavarian]], [[Grand Duchy of Oldenburg|Grand Ducal Oldenburg]] and [[Landgrave|Landgravial]] [[Hesse-Homburg]] [[Rhine]] Lands").<ref name="auto"/>

===Clubs===
Even though the [[school]], the parish office and in 1996 the [[Deutsche Bundespost|post]] as well have been withdrawn from Niederalben, and hardly any businesses can keep afloat nowadays, the villagers have still got themselves involved in clubs. Many are members of several clubs. The oldest club was the singing club, which was founded in 1890 as a men's singing club, but which has since become inactive. For a short while, there was a [[hiking]] club, the ''Pfälzerwaldverein'', but there is no longer any interest in this. The [[sport club]] has united with the one in [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]]. [[Association football|Football]] matches were once held alternately on either Ulmet's or Niederalben's sporting ground, but since 2009, only Ulmet's has been used. Still active are a [[Shooting sport|shooting]] club and an [[angling]] club. There are further an [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] women's aid association and a countrywomen's club.<ref name="auto"/>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
In the Steinalb valley within Niederalben's limits once stood a few [[Mill (grinding)|mills]], but in 1938 they suddenly found themselves within the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground, and have since fallen into disrepair. The only nearby mill that is still running stands near Niederalben on the Steinalb, but over on the Steinalb's right bank and thus on the far side of the old [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]]-[[Prussia]]n border, within [[Rathsweiler]]’s limits. Until the Second World War, the predominant economic structure was [[Agriculture|agricultural]]. Indeed, farming was about the only kind of livelihood to be had. Each farmer, though, had only a small plot and the main crops were [[Cereal|cereal grains]] and [[potato]]es. Fruitgrowing, mainly winter [[apple]]s and a few [[vineyard]]s added to the agricultural mix. A major woodland in the Steinalb formed the municipal forest. Anyone who wanted a profession other than agriculture had to move to the city. After the [[First World War]], this mainly meant the [[Ruhr area]]. This changed in 1938 when the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] established the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground. The jobs that arose there were taken even by farmers. What had been a farming village thus became a village of workers and employees. Until 1950, one [[Cabinetry|cabinetmaker’s]] shop, three [[Shoemaking|shoemaker’s]] shops, two [[tailor]]’s shops and one [[Wainwright (occupation)|wainwright]]’s shop managed to stay in business. Besides one building material wholesaler, there were still three [[grocery]] shops and a [[butcher]]’s shop. By 1996, only the building material wholesaler was still in business. There were, however, newer businesses by that time, a [[plasterwork]] company and a [[Domestic roof construction|roofing]] business. All other inhabitants are dependent on employment. The village has become to a great extent a residential community. Those in the workforce [[Commuting|commute]] to jobs within the district and even as far as the Eastern Palatinate.<ref name="auto"/>

===Education===
The Niederalben village [[school]] was in existence for more than 200 years. Under the comital administration in the late 18th century, the teacher for the winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community’s practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare) was "rented". In 1780, a schoolteacher named Simon took on the post. It is known that in 1816, the schoolteacher earned 42 [[Rhenish guilder]]s yearly, which was worth 23 [[Reichstaler]]. The schoolteacher otherwise had to live mainly from agriculture.

Even before the [[First World War]], two classes were established, the small one for Jakob Klein and the big one for Peter Beuscher. Klein was a [[Botany|botanist]] and set himself to the task of establishing the nature conservation area at the Mittagsfels. In 1787, for the upper and lower villages, 41 local people built a municipal centre where schoolchildren could also be taught. In 1838, between the two village centres, near the church, a schoolhouse and a teacher's dwelling were built. In 1963, a new schoolhouse was built, and the old one was torn down. In 1969, the [[Hauptschule]] classes were merged into the ones at the [[Sankt Julian]] central school, as were also the [[primary school]] classes in 1971. Since 1973, primary school pupils have been attending classes at the Ulmet/Erdesbach primary school, while the Hauptschule students have been attending the [[Regionale Schule]] (formerly a Hauptschule) in [[Altenglan]].

For a while, the schoolhouse in Niederalben stood empty. In 1972, it was rented by the Kusel district and then occupied by classes of a school for children with [[Learning disability|learning difficulties]]. In 1997, this [[special school]] also left the schoolhouse in Niederalben. Since then, it has been let to the Wolfstein Christian Youth Village, but it is foreseen that the rental arrangement will soon be dissolved, whereafter the schoolhouse, dedicated in 1963, will again stand empty.<ref name="auto" />

===Transport===
Until the time before the [[Second World War]], Niederalben was linked only by a small road through the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] valley and a highway to [[Baumholder]]. In 1938, on military grounds, the road now called ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 was expanded by the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] as a link to the [[Siegfried Line]]. It had also been on military grounds that the [[railway]] had been built through the Glan valley in 1903–1904. Niederalben-Rathsweiler [[railway station]] was built in 1904 at the outlying centre of Neuwirtshaus. Originally nothing more than the Rhinegraves’ old hunting lodge, Neuwirtshaus (whose name means "new inn") became a small transport hub, for the villages up on the heights were also served from here, and once the Nazis had also set up the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground, there were also troop movements.

By the 1940s and 1950s, through traffic in the village of Niederalben had become unbearable, as troop traffic was all being driven along one narrow street through the village. In 1952, the federal government had the street expanded into a ''Panzerstraße''. In 1974, though, a village [[bypass (road)|bypass]] was built, while the building of [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]), running to the southwest, also greatly reduced the troop traffic running through Niederalben. In the Glan valley, ''Bundesstraße'' 420 ([[Oppenheim]]–[[Neunkirchen, Saarland|Neunkirchen]]) touches the village. It also affords a link from Niederalben to the district seat of [[Kusel]] and to the lower [[Nahe (Rhine)|Nahe]] area ([[Bad Kreuznach]]). The railway line was abandoned about 1985.

Serving [[Altenglan]] is [[Altenglan station]], which is on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]] and is served hourly by [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67 to and from [[Kaiserslautern Central Station|Kaiserslautern]], called the ''Glantalbahn'' (the name of which refers to the [[Glan Valley Railway]], which shared some of the route of the Landstuhl–Kusel line, including the former railway junction at Altenglan).<ref name="auto" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160413094301/http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/niederalben Niederalben in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

List of coats of arms with the Palatine Lion

2024-12-05T08:57:34Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Neunkirp.jpg → File:DEU Neunkirchen am Potzberg COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{short description|None}}

[[File:DEU Neustadt an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|thumb|125px|Palatine Lion ]]

This '''list of coats of arms bearing the Palatine Lion''' includes municipal [[coats of arms]] as well as other shields and company [[logo]]s which depict the [[Palatine Lion]].

== The Palatine Lion in coats of arms of regional bodies and administrations ==
[[File:Verbreitungskarte Pfälzer Löwe.png|thumb|300px|Distribution of the Palatine Lion emblem]]
Key to the columns
*''Status'':
**'''Federal state''' = [[States of Germany|Federal state of Germany]]
**'''Former municipality''' = former independent village parish (''Ortsgemeinde'')
**'''former prov.''' = former province (''Regierungsbezirk'' or ''Bezirk'')
**'''Higher ad.''' = higher level administration (''höhere Kommunalverwaltung'')
**'''Former co.''' = former county (''Landkreis'')
**'''parish''' = village/town district/parish and other administrative units at village level
**'''VG''' = collective municipality (''Verbandsgemeinde'')
*''Remarks'':
**Only used where there are variations from the normal design or to links to separate articles

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7"
! class="unsortable"| Coat of arms || Status || Name || VG / Co. / Prov.
! State || Remarks
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neustadt an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Heidelberg.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Heidelberg]] || Heidelberg || Baden-Württemberg || on three green hills
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Pleystein.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Pleystein]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Schriesheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schriesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || standing on two crossed diagonal arrows
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Altdorf bei Nürnberg.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Altdorf bei Nürnberg]] || Nuremberg Land || Bavaria || bearing a shield
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Altrip COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altrip]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Dilsberg.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Dilsberg]]<br />''part of [[Neckargemünd]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frankenthal COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]] || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Horschbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Horschbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || charged with a diagonal silver wavy line
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lambsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Lambsheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen bvpfalz.jpg|50x50px]] || higher ad. || Palatinate (provincial authority) || [[Palatinate region]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rheinpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || former province || [[Circle of Rhine|Rhenish Palatinate]] || || [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bad Sobernheim (1924) COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bad Sobernheim]] || [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || bearing the [[Wheel of Mainz]] in its forepaws
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oberbayern.svg|50x50px]] || higher ad. || [[Upper Bavaria]] || || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Klosterkumbd COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Klosterkumbd]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || tail queue fourchy, bearing a golden sword
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Quirnbach (Pfalz).jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Glan-Münchweiler|VG Glan-Münchweiler]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, regardant, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Mannheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Mannheim|Mannheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ludwigshafen COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]] || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, armed gold, regardant, as shield bearer
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Flossenbürg.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Flossenbürg, Bavaria|Flossenbürg]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || crowned and armed gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hammelbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Grasellenbach|Hammelbach]]<br />''part of [[Grasellenbach]]'' || Bergstraße || Hesse ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Braunau am Inn]] || [[province Braunau am Inn]] || Upper Austria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hof2.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Hof (Saale)]] || Hof (Saale) || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lindenfels COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Lindenfels]] || [[Kreis Bergstraße|Bergstraße]] || Hesse ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lauterhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Lauterhofen]] || Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria || two lions combattant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Baden-Württemberg]] || || Baden-Württemberg || [[Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg|details]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Aspisheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Aspisheim]] || VG Sprendlingen-Gensingen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bechhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bechhofen (Pfalz)]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Edingen-Neckarhausen.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Edingen-Neckarhausen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Föckelberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Föckelberg]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || charged with a diagonal silver wavy line
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim|Gau-Algesheim]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Grafenwöhr.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Grafenwöhr]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mannheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Mannheim]] || Mannheim || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen matzenbach.jpg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Matzenbach]] || [[Landkreis Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears a golden millstone
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Nanzdietschweiler.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Nanzdietschweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Glan-Münchweiler|VG Glan-Münchweiler]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neunkirchen am Potzberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Niederkumbd.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederkumbd]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück|| Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rieschweiler-Mühlbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen LK Suedwestpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Südwestpfalz]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Moosbrunn.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Moosbrunn (Schönbrunn)|Moosbrunn]]<br />''part of [[Schönbrunn (Baden)|Schönbrunn]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, colours reversed, armed sable, langued gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Rhein-Neckar-Kreis.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || || Baden-Württemberg || colours reversed in order to comply with [[rule of tincture]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Wagenschwend.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Wagenschwend]]<br />''part of [[Limbach (Baden)|Limbach]]'' || Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Sinsheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Sinsheim|Sinsheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dienheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dienheim]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Gondershausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Gondershausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Luetzelsachsen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Lützelsachsen]]<br />''part of [[Weinheim]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Maisborn COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Maisborn]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mendig COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Mendig]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Mendig|VG Mendig]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)|Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Upper Palatinate || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Das Wappen der Ortsgemeinde Ohmbach.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ohmbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Schönenberg-Kübelberg|VG Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oppau 1929.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ludwigshafen-Oppau|Oppau]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, 1929 to 1938
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Wiesloch.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Wiesloch]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oppau.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ludwigshafen-Oppau|Oppau]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || to 1929
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Altweidelbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altweidelbach]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Biedershausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Biedershausen]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-lohnweiler.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Lohnweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Steinalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinalben]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Traisen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Traisen (Nahe)|Traisen]] || VG Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg || Rhineland-Palatinate || crowned, bearing a grate
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-glanbruecken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberalben]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Kusel|VG Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, field azure
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mutterschied COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mutterschied]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bacharach COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bacharach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Konken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Konken]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Kusel|VG Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, field azure
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Laubach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Laubach (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || tail queue fourchy, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Blason Steinseltz 67.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinseltz|Steinselz]] || ([[Arrondissement Wissembourg|Arrondissement Weißenburg]]) || ([[Lower Alsace]]) ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen nierstein oppenheim.gif|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Nierstein-Oppenheim|Nierstein-Oppenheim]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Oberstaufenbach.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberstaufenbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bergheim (Oberbayern).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bergheim (Upper Bavaria)]] || Neuburg-Schrobenhausen || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Ilvesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ilvesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Lambsborn.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Lambsborn]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mengerschied COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mengerschied]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Obrigheim (Baden) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Obrigheim (Baden)]] || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Reifenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Reifenberg]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schefflenz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schefflenz]] || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schmalenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schmalenberg]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben|Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Seesbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Seesbach]] || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach|Bad Kreuznach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || [[Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate|details]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb hessheim.jpg|50x50px]] || former collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Heßheim|Heßheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Lambsheim-Heßheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Lambsheim-Heßheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Kollweiler.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Kollweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Weilerbach|VG Weilerbach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Mainz-Bingen COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen|Mainz-Bingen]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kaiserslautern COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Kaiserslautern|Kaiserslautern]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" height="55" | [[File:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Bavaria]] || || Bavaria || uncrowned, for details see [[coat of arms of Bavaria]]
|-
| align="center" height="55" | [[File:DEU Dirmstein COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dirmstein]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Kurpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || principality || [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] || || [[Holy Roman Empire]] || historic coat of arms
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Meckenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Meckenheim (Pfalz)|Meckenheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Auerbach Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Auerbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Amberg-Sulzbach || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Baernau.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bärnau]] || Tirschenreuth || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Friesenheim.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Friesenheim, Rhineland-Palatinate|Friesenheim]]<br />''part of [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hassloch COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Haßloch]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Kemnath.png|50x50px]] || town || [[Kemnath]] || Tirschenreuth || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Mendig COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Mendig|Mendig]] || county Mayen-Koblenz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, to 1973
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Moosbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Moosbach (Oberpfalz)|Moosbach]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Neckarhausen.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Edingen-Neckarhausen|Neckarhausen]]<br />''part of [[Edingen-Neckarhausen]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niederotterbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederotterbach]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberotterbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberotterbach]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Saarpfalz-Kreis.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Saarpfalz-Kreis]] || || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Weiden in der Oberpfalz]] || Weiden in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Wachenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Wachenheim|Wachenheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Leimen (Baden) COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Leimen (Baden)|Leimen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrownded, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Emmelshausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Emmelshausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen gruenstadt-land.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Grünstadt-Land|Grünstadt-Land]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim|Tauberbischofsheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen thaleischweiler verb.jpg|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Thaleischweiler-Fröschen|Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Waldalgesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Waldalgesheim]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen VG Freinsheim.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Freinsheim|Freinsheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freisen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Freisen]] || [[Landkreis St. Wendel|St. Wendel]] || Saarland || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm|Nieder-Olm]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen des Saarlands.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Saarland]] || || Saarland || [[Landeswappen des Saarlandes|Wappendetails]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schnaittach COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Schnaittach]] || Nürnberger Land || Bavaria || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Tiefenbach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Tiefenbach (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wiesbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grasellenbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Grasellenbach]] || [[Kreis Bergstraße|Bergstraße]] || [[Hesse]] ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Heltersberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heltersberg]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Waldfischbach.png|50x50px]] || parish || [[Waldfischbach]]<br />''part of [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]]'' || [[Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben|VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Fronhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Fronhofen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné, tail queue fourchée
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Dachau.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Dachau, Bavaria|Dachau]] || [[Landkreis Dachau|Dachau]] || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Sandhofen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Mannheim-Sandhofen|Sandhofen]]<br />''part of [[Mannheim]]'' || Mannheim || Baden-Württemberg || a lion or contourné, armed or, uncrowned, bears a bishop's crozier
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hohenfels (Oberpfalz).svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Hohenfels (Oberpfalz)|Hohenfels]] || [[Oberpfalz]] || [[Bavaria]] || a lion or regardant, langued gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mussbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Mußbach (Neustadt)|Mußbach]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wallhalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wallhalben]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frankweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Frankweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Landau-Land|VG Landau-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Gimmeldingen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Gimmeldingen]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Haardt COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Haardt (Neustadt)|Haardt]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Heidelberg.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Heidelberg (district)|Heidelberg]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Hof COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Hof (district)|Hof]] || Oberfranken || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kusel COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Lachen-Speyerdorf.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Lachen-Speyerdorf]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Mühldorf am Inn (district)|Mühldorf am Inn]] || Upper Bavaria || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neuerkirch COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neuerkirch]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz|Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Oberpfalz || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Tirschenreuth COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth|Tirschenreuth]] || Oberpfalz || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schirmitz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schirmitz]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || contournéer Rumpf
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Barbelroth COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Barbelroth]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Birkenhördt COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Birkenhördt]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Neustadt Weinstraße.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned (to 2003 "Landkreis Ludwigshafen")
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Sargenroth COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Sargenroth]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Südliche Weinstraße]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Külz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Külz (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, in blue with a church
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bad Dürkheim.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Bad Dürkheim (district)|Bad Dürkheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Nohfelden COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Nohfelden]] || St. Wendel || Saarland || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach.png|50x50px]] || county || [[Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Amberg-Sulzbach || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Bammental.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bammental]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Edenkoben COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Edenkoben]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Edenkoben|VG Edenkoben]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Frankenthal COA.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Frankenthal (Pfalz) (district)|Frankenthal (Pfalz)]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:CoA Meckesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Meckesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, armed or und uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Bezirk Oberpfalz.png|50x50px]] || higher ad. || [[Upper Palatinate]] || Upper Palatinate provincial authority || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rosenkopf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Rosenkopf]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Schwandorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Waldhilsbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Waldhilsbach]]<br />''part of [[Neckargemünd]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Walsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Walsheim]] || VG Landau-Land || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Weinheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Weinheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Heddesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heddesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Krähenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Krähenberg]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Pleizenhausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Pleizenhausen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Boehl.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Böhl-Iggelheim|Böhl]]<br />''part of [[Böhl-Iggelheim]]'' || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Brücken (Pfalz) COA.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Brücken (Pfalz)]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Schönenberg-Kübelberg|VG Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant, bears a golden hammer
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frettenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Frettenheim]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Kuembdchen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Kümbdchen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lambrecht COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Lambrecht (Pfalz)|Lambrecht]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || obere Hälfte, passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Simmern COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Simmern/Hunsrück]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück|| Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Simmern COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Simmern/Hunsrück|Simmern/Hunsrück]] || Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bruck in der Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Bruck in der Oberpfalz]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schlammersdorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schlammersdorf]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Altlußheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altlußheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned demi-lion, with a bishop’s crozier
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bad Tölz.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bad Tölz]] || [[Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Bavaria || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz|Ilbesheim]] || VG Landau-Land || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion from a triple hill issuant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Selzen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Selzen]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bearing a key argent
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Alzey COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Alzey]] || [[Alzey-Worms]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Amberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Amberg]] || Amberg || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dorn-Duerkheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dorn-Dürkheim]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|VG Rhein-Selz]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Eimsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Eimsheim]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|VG Rhein-Selz]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Erdesbac.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Erdesbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Germersheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Germersheim|Germersheim]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-heinzenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heinzenhausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hochborn COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Hochborn]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Hockenheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Hockenheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Kirchenpingarten COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Kirchenpingarten]] || [[Landkreis Bayreuth|Bayreuth]] || Bavaria || demi-lion, bears a [[skep]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oberhochstadt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || Oberhochstadt || [[Hochstadt (Pfalz)]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bears a fusil argent (to 1969)
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schwandorf]] || [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Sprendlingen-Gensingen COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Sprendlingen-Gensingen|Sprendlingen-Gensingen]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate || azure field
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Eslarn.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Eslarn]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Biebelnheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Biebelnheim]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Harthausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Harthausen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || two demi-lions, c.f. the older coat of arms
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Harthausen alt.png|50x50px]] || (older coat of arms) || [[Harthausen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || 1845–1951, two uncrowned lions combattant, bearing a millstone
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Niedereisenbach.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || Niedereisenbach || [[Landkreis Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Alfeld (Mittelfranken).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Alfeld (Mittelfranken)]] || [[Landkreis Nürnberger Land|Nürnberger Land]] || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Steindorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steindorf (Schwaben)|Steindorf]] || Aichach-Friedberg || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Alzey-Land COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Alzey-Land|Alzey-Land]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Belgweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Belgweiler]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Manubach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Manubach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bearing an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Undenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Undenheim]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-glanbruecken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Glanbrücken]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Erharting.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Erharting]] || Mühldorf am Inn || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Höheischweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Höheischweiler]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb wallhalben.jpg|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Wallhalben|Wallhalben]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Annweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Annweiler am Trifels|Annweiler am Trifels]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || Ludwigshafen || || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned, bearing a golden key
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Münchweiler am Klingbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Münchweiler am Klingbach]] || VG Annweiler am Trifels || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Upper Bavaria || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Nahe COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Nahe|Rhein-Nahe]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim|Deidesheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb hettenleidelheim.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Hettenleidelheim|Hettenleidelheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niederheimbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederheimbach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Albersweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Albersweiler]] || VG Annweiler am Trifels || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Schwetzingen.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schwetzingen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freinsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Freinsheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Bad-Bergzabern COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Bad Bergzabern|Bad Bergzabern]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Laaber.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Laaber]] || Regensburg || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Baar (Schwaben).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Baar (Schwaben)|Baar]] || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg|Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schwarzenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schwarzenbach (Oberpfalz)]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hirschbach (Oberpfalz).png|50x50px]] || village || [[Hirschbach (Oberpfalz)|Hirschbach]] || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach|Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Burglengenfeld.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Burglengenfeld]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || head only, cabossed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mörsch 1919-1987.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Mörsch (Frankenthal)|Mörsch]]<br />''part of [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]]'' || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mörsch.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Mörsch (Frankenthal)|Mörsch]]<br />''part of [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]]'' || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oggersheim1.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Oggersheim]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grevenhausen.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Lambrecht (Pfalz)|Grevenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Lambrecht (Pfalz)]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wachenheim an der Weinstraße]]|| Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Rockenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Rockenhausen]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niedermoschel COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niedermoschel]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberndorf (Pfalz) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)|Oberndorf]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Sitters COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Sitters, Germany|Sitters]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Einselthum COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Einselthum]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mörsfeld COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mörsfeld]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb rockenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rockenhausen|Rockenhausen]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dielkirchen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dielkirchen]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Gundersweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Gundersweiler]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ransweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ransweiler]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ruppertsecken COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ruppertsecken]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bellheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bellheim]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Berg (Pfalz) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Berg (Pfalz)]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neuburg am Rhein COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neuburg am Rhein]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Erlenbach bei Kandel.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Erlenbach bei Kandel]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Winden.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen bruchmuhlbach vg.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Bruchmühlbach-Miesau|Bruchmühlbach-Miesau]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bruchmühlbach-Miesau.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Bruchmühlbach-Miesau]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Frankelbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Frankelbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen ramstein miesenbach verb.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Ramstein-Miesenbach|Ramstein-Miesenbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Hütschenhausen.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Hütschenhausen]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Huetschenhausen-alt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Katzenbach (Huetschenhausen).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen|Katzenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Spesbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen|Spesbach]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Niedermohr.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Niedermohr]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Niedermohr-alt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Niedermohr]]<br />part of ''[[Niedermohr]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Reuschbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Niedermohr|Reuschbach]]<br />part of ''[[Niedermohr]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Ramstein-Miesenbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Ramstein-Miesenbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Ramstein.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ramstein-Miesenbach|Ramstein]]<br />part of ''[[Ramstein-Miesenbach]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen steinwenden.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinwenden]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Steinwenden]]-Weltersbach<br />part of ''[[Steinwenden]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Steinwenden|Weltersbach]]<br />part of ''[[Steinwenden]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Reichenbach (Reichenbach-Steegen) COA.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Reichenbach-Steegen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Fockenberg-Limbach COA.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Fockenberg-Limbach]]<br />part of ''[[Reichenbach-Steegen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Zweibruecken.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Zweibrücken (district)|Zweibrücken]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Battweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Battweiler]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bergzabern.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Bad Bergzabern (district)|Bad Bergzabern]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landau.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landau (district)|Landau]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grafenhausen (Annweiler am Trifels).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Annweiler am Trifels|Gräfenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Annweiler am Trifels]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dörrenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dörrenbach]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rechtenbach (Schweigen-Rechtenbach).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach|Rechtenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Muehlhofen (Billigheim-Ingenheim).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Billigheim-Ingenheim|Mühlhofen]]<br />part of ''[[Billigheim-Ingenheim]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hallgarten COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Hallgarten (Pfalz)|Hallgarten]] || Bad Kreuznach || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberhausen an der Nahe COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberhausen an der Nahe]] || Bad Kreuznach || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Sankt Ingbert COA.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[St. Ingbert (district)|St. Ingbert]] || || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bliesdalheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Bliesdalheim]]<br />part of ''[[Gersheim]]'' || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU St.Ingbert COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[St. Ingbert]] || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU_Hassel_(Saar)_COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hassel (Saar)|Hassel]]<br />part of ''[[St. Ingbert]]'' || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Bad Kreuznach COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen VG Traben-Trabach v2.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach|Traben-Trarbach]] || Kreis Bernkastel-Wittlich || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Pfalzdorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Pfalzdorf]]<br />''part of [[Goch]]'' || Kreis Kleve || North Rhine-Westphalia ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ibersheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Worms-Ibersheim|Ibersheim]]<br />''part of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]'' || Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rheinduerkheim.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Worms, Germany|Rheindürkheim]]<br />''part of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]'' || Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Albig COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Albig]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate|| demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freimersheim (Rheinhessen) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Freimersheim (Rheinhessen)]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate|| holding the letter "F" in its forepaws
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Rheinauen COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Rheinauen (Verbandsgemeinde)|Rheinauen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz COA.svg|50x50px]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|Rhein-Selz]] || Landkreis Mainz-Bingen ||Rheinland-Pfalz||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Merzhausen rgb.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Merzhausen (Usingen)|Merzhausen]]<br />''part of [[Usingen]]'' || [[Hochtaunuskreis]] || Hesse ||
|}

== The Palatine Lion in coats of arms of the German Armed Forces ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7"
! class="unsortable"| Coat of arms || Unit || Location
|-
| align="center" | [[File:LKdo Rheinland-Pfalz.gif|30px]] || ''[[Landeskommando]]'' of Rhineland-Palatinate || in [[Mainz]] in the [[Generalfeldzeugmeister]] Barracks
|}

== See also ==
* [[Electoral Rhenish Circle]]

* Wappenbuch des Landkreises Cochem-Zell, Darmstadt 2001, v. Alfons Friderichs, {{ISBN|3-00-008064-3}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.heidelberginfo.co.za/UK/Logo.awp Heidelberg, Western Cape, South Africa]

{{Commons category|Lion of Palatinate in heraldry }}

[[Category:Armorials|Palatine Lion]]
[[Category:History of the Palatinate (region)|Palatine Lion list]]
[[Category:Culture of the Palatinate (region)|Palatine Lioni list]]
[[Category:Electoral Palatinate]]

Neunkirchen am Potzberg

2024-12-05T08:57:30Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Neunkirp.jpg → File:DEU Neunkirchen am Potzberg COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Neunkirchen am Potzberg COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49.50867|7.48829|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Neunkirchen am Potzberg in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 315-355
|area = 5.01
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06385
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 066
|website = [https://www.neunkirchen-am-potzberg.de/ www.neunkirchen-am-potzberg.de]
|mayor = Lilli Niebergall<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Neunkirchen am Potzberg''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Neunkirchen am Potzberg lies southeast of the district seat of [[Kusel]]. The [[Potzberg]], the “King of the Westrich” (an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and [[France]]) is a 562 m-high mountain in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] on whose southeast slope lies the village, roughly a kilometre below the peak (562.5 m above [[sea level]]). The main street runs crosswise over the slope and branching off it are a few [[Cul-de-sac|dead-end streets]] both uphill and downhill. The village itself spreads out at an elevation from some 335 m above sea level to 350 m above sea level. The Limbach, a tributary to the Reichenbach (itself a tributary to the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]) rises above the village. From the village, a wonderful view can be seen across the Reichenbach valley to the Heidenburg ([[castle]]) near [[Niederstaufenbach]] and to further mountains on the other side of the dale. The municipal area measures 501 ha, of which 137 ha is wooded. Neunkirchen also has a wildlife park, a [[Potzbergturm|lookout tower]], a [[hotel]] and a [[hiking]] trail network.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Neunkirchen am Potzberg borders in the north on the municipality of [[Föckelberg]], in the east on the municipality of [[Oberstaufenbach]], in the south on the municipality of [[Reichenbach-Steegen]], in the west on the municipality of [[Matzenbach]] and in the northwest on the municipalities of [[Theisbergstegen]] and [[Rutsweiler am Glan]].

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Neunkirchen am Potzberg are the outlying homesteads of Kreuzhof, east of the village, and Talhof, south of the village.<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125005812/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf |date=2015-11-25 }}, Seite 97 (PDF)</ref> These are both ''[[Aussiedlerhöfe]]'', agricultural settlements established after the [[Second World War]] to increase food production. Standing on the road to [[Föckelberg]] are weekend houses.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Constituent communities]</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
Neunkirchen's houses, which are spread out in a rather loose manner, stand for the most part on the through road, which leads from [[Föckelberg]] to [[Matzenbach|Gimsbach]]. The oldest buildings go back to the 19th century. A few bigger farmhouses of the ''Westrichhaus'' type are still standing. Most of the rest are smaller farmhouses and workers’ houses. To be borne in mind with regard to the farmhouses is that very few of them are actually used by farmers. The [[church (building)|church]] stands in the village's southwest end near the graveyard, which is ringed by a high, old wall built in 1729 with a lovely entrance gate. Within the village once stood two schoolhouses, where today classes are no longer held. For [[primary school]] classes for the surrounding villages, a new schoolhouse was built with four classrooms for a one-stream school.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
It is likely that the area around what is now Neunkirchen was settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], though heaps of spoil within the municipal area likelier stem from mining than ancient gravedigging. According to a report in the ''Westrichkalender Kusel'', a stone knife was found in a garden near the church at some unspecified time in the past. From [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times comes a [[Jupiter Column]] that was unearthed in the cadastral area known as Lanzweiler. Furthermore, an old wall found underneath the village itself might be Roman in origin.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
According to the old border descriptions of the ''Remigiusland'', Neunkirchen am Potzberg lay outside this holding of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Bishopric of Reims]] in the Westrich, and thus in the Free [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''Reichsland''), which stretched out over a broad swath of land around Castle Lautern. Just when Neunkirchen arose as a village is very hard to determine, but it was likely founded only in the 10th century. [[Kreimbach-Kaulbach#Sons and daughters of the town|Ernst Christmann]] was of the opinion that a church that [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto the Great]] gave the [[Bishopric of Worms|Worms Cathedral Foundation]] in 937 as a donation was none other than the church in Neunkirchen am Potzberg. This opinion, though, is contradicted by historians today. Researchers M. Dolch and A. Greule, for example, hold that the church in question was the one in a place called Neunkirchen southeast of [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg|Kübelberg]], known as “Neuenkirchen” in contrast to “[[Altenkirchen, Kusel|Altenkirchen]]” (''neu'' and ''alt'' are [[German language|German]] for “new” and “old” respectively). They base their thesis on the assertion that the said church appears several times in documents from the 10th century, and that its location was more thoroughly described, as in 956 when it was described as being in a forest near the ''Cheuilinbahc'' (a brook now called the Kohlbach, and also likely the old name for Kübelberg, but certainly not for Schwedelbach). Therefore, Neunkirchen am Potzberg cannot be the same place as the Neunkirchen in the 937 document as was claimed by so many historians in days gone by (Widder, Frey and Gümbel among others). As early as the 15th century, this village in what is now the southern Kusel district was given up. Furthermore, Neunkirchen am Potzberg must also be distinguished from [[Nohfelden|Neunkirchen an der Nahe]], which like [[Medard]] was held by the [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishops of Verdun]]. Any reference to this relationship that crops up in a document about “Neunkirchen” must always have to do with Neunkirchen an der Nahe. In view of all these revisions to the body of knowledge about “Neunkirchen”, Neunkirchen am Potzberg's first documentary mention must be considered to be a 1329 document kept at the Munich Main State Archive (''Hauptstaatsarchiv München''), which contains the wording “''zu Nunkyrchen''”. According to this document, Count Georg I of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]] delivered to Dietrich Schwinde von Rittersdorf 100 pounds in [[Heller (money)|Heller]] to be paid out of a comital estate near Neunkirchen am Potzberg. About this estate, which was called ''Horreys gut'', nothing further is known. The Count may have owned an estate in the still free ''Reichsland'' from which he drew income to pay his [[vassal]]s. The free ''Reichsland'' was then, in the earlier half of the 14th century, pledged to various regional lords. Neunkirchen am Potzberg thus passed in 1345 along with all the villages in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Reichenbach as an Imperial pledge to the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]]. While it is still not quite certain as to whether the 1329 document indeed deals with Neunkirchen am Potzberg when it refers to ''Horreys gut'', it can be so assumed with certainty by what appears in a further documentary mention. This deals with a 1393 letter granting a [[Wittum|widow's estate]] from Count Friedrich of Veldenz, which is reprinted in the ''Acta Academiae Theodoro-Palatinae''. Yet another mention of Neunkirchen from late in Veldenz times is to be found in a 1430 document, according to which Siegfried Blick von Lichtenberg bequeathed to his wife Katharina money from, among other places, Neunkirchen in the amount of 2 pounds in Heller. It is clear that this means Neunkirchen am Potzberg from the addition of the phrase “''in dem Konigrych''” – “in the kingdom”. The ''Reichsland'' still existed, even if the king had pledged it. In 1444, the County of Veldenz met its end when Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] wed [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht's]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father's title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. It is likely that throughout the [[Middle Ages]], only a few houses stood around the church, only the rectory and the estate with various outbuildings. Likely more heavily settled was the now vanished village of Lanzweiler, lying somewhat lower down than Neunkirchen.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1543, Count Palatine and later Duke [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Wolfgang of Zweibrücken]] transferred to his uncle [[Rupert, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Ruprecht]] lands for the founding of his own county palatine. Belonging to it were [[Veldenz]] on the [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]], [[Lauterecken]] and later also the County of Veldenz-Lützelstein in [[Alsace]]. The [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] pledged domains of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Ämter]]'' of Reichenbach and Jettenbach and also the [[Remigiusberg]] hill in the ''Remigiusland'' were grouped into this new county palatine, and along with them, the village of Neunkirchen. The County Palatine of Veldenz-Lauterecken-Lützelstein met its end in the late 17th century when the last Count Palatine died. Then, a years-long dispute arose between the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] and the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], who both claimed the right of succession in Palatinate-Veldenz. The dispute was settled in 1733 with the Veldenz Succession Treaty of [[Mannheim]], under whose terms the ''Ämter'' of Veldenz and Lauterecken passed wholly to the Electorate of the Palatinate, and the former Palatine-Veldenz ''Amt'' of Lauterecken was permanently given the status of an Electorate of the Palatinate ''Oberamt'', after it had already been occupied by the Electorate of the Palatinate troops in 1697 anyway. Neunkirchen am Potzberg thus became an Electorate of the Palatinate holding. Towards the end of the old [[Feudalism|feudal]] age, the Electorate of the Palatinate [[geographer]] and [[Historiography|historiographer]] Johann Goswin Widder wrote the following about the village of Neunkirchen am Potzberg: “Neunkirchen, a handsome village lying three quarters of an hour westwards from [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]] on the Potzberg, is held to be the ''Nuninchirichaa'' (archaic name form for ''Neunkirchen'') where [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|King Otto]] donated a main church … as early as the year 936 to the [[Bishopric of Worms|Worms Cathedral Foundation]]. About ''Nuinchiricha'', however, two other places that bear the name ''Nunkirch'', and which also belong to the [[Nahegau]] must be considered … Now, this village has two churches, 63 houses, which are occupied by 63 families. The municipal area is made up of 880 ''Morgen'' of cropland, 186 ''Morgen'' of meadows, 326 ''Morgen'' of forest.”<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleon]]ic era that followed, the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank were annexed by France. With the new political arrangement and within the new boundaries, Neunkirchen am Potzberg found itself in the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Neunkirchen, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]) whose seat was at [[Mainz]]. After [[France|French]] rule, the [[Congress of Vienna]] drew new boundaries yet again. After a transitional time, Neunkirchen am Potzberg was grouped into the ''bayerischer Rheinkreis'', later known as ''Rheinpfalz'' (“Rhenish Palatinate”), an exclave of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] in 1816, where it was the seat of a ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“mayoralty”) at first within the ''Landcommissariat'' (today ''Landkreis'' or district) of Kusel and the Canton of Wolfstein. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) became quite popular in Neunkirchen am Potzberg. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], none of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, but by the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had grown to 7.4%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 43.3%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. The ''Bürgermeisterei'' remained in force until administrative and regional reform in 1968. Belonging to this mayoralty were, besides Neunkirchen itself, the villages of [[Föckelberg]] and [[Oberstaufenbach]], and until 1825 [[Altenglan|Mühlbach]], too. Since 2018, Neunkirchen am Potzberg has been an ''Ortsgemeinde'' within the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Recent times]</ref> The municipality marked its 675-year jubilee (since the 1329 first documentary mention) in 2004.

===Population development===
Those living in Neunkirchen were originally mostly farmers and forestry workers, and at times miners who worked the Potzberg’s [[Mercury (element)|quicksilver]] pits. The number of inhabitants in the early 19th century was about as high as it is today, but in the mid 19th century, it broke the 500 level, only to shrink again to a level of 439 at the outbreak of the [[Second World War]]. After the war, the population at first rose again with the arrival of [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|ethnic Germans driven out of Germany’s former eastern territories]], but then about 1960 shrank again, only to rise once again. This new growth owed itself to the village’s proximity to the towns of [[Kaiserslautern]] and [[Kusel]]. Over the last few years, there has been stagnation in population growth. The original commercial relationships have over time undergone a significant shift. There are very few farms left, which has led to a population turnover characterized by older, long established families’ younger members moving away and new families moving in. Many people in the workforce nowadays earn livelihoods outside the village, [[commuting]] mainly to Kaiserslautern and Kusel.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Neunkirchen am Potzberg, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Neunkirchen am Potzberg’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1788 || 1825 || 1835 || 1905 || 1939 || 1950 || 1961 || 1970 || 1978 || 1992 || 1998 || 2001
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 63* || 492 || 513 || 485 || 432 || 485 || 469 || 484 || 509 || 517 || 509 || 444
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   || 105 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 82 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   || 280 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 387 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||  
|}

<nowiki>*</nowiki>This figure is the number of families.

===Municipality’s name===
Within Germany, there are 17 places bearing the name Neunkirchen, not counting all the places bearing the name that have been forsaken over the ages. Relevant to this article are the [[Nohfelden|Neunkirchen]] on the upper [[Nahe (Rhine)|Nahe]] and a vanished village in the [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] area, and to a lesser extent, the town of [[Neunkirchen, Saarland|Neunkirchen]] in the [[Saarland]]. As a rule, this placename means “new church” (''neue Kirche'' in [[German language|German]]), and not “nine churches” (''neun Kirchen'') as might be supposed. This may be so in Neunkirchen am Potzberg's case: a village arose near a country church that was built on the site of an older church (thus making it “new”). As discussed above, it is highly questionable whether the ''Nuinchiricha'' mentioned in [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto the Great's]] 937 document is the same one that stood in this village. There is, however, no doubt that the following are names borne by Neunkirchen am Potzberg over the ages: ''Nunkyrchen'' (1329), ''Nunkirchen'' (1393), ''Nuekirchen'' (1460), Neunkirchen (1524).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
Within what are now Neunkirchen am Potzberg's limits once supposedly lay a village called Landsweiler, although as far as is known currently, there is no documentary proof of its former existence. While there were originally only a few houses around the “new church” that gave Neunkirchen its name, Landsweiler was supposedly Neunkirchen's actual village core. According to this version of events, it was only after the [[Thirty Years' War]] that newcomers settling in the area around the church and others giving up the old village core combined to form the village core at the site where it can still be found today, and essentially formed the village of Neunkirchen as it is today. Another vanished village within Neunkirchen am Potzberg's limits is said to have been one called Einöd, named in 1393 as ''Einode''. This is believed to have actually been little more than an out-of-the-way homestead.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
It is highly likely that during the [[Early Middle Ages]] the [[church (building)|church]] on the Potzberg's northeast slope in Neunkirchen am Potzberg was the mother church for a series of villages in this region. It may well have been a wooden church on whose site in the 12th century a stone church was built. This church may have been remodelled many times in the centuries that followed in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style, bearing witness to which is a walled-up window that was discovered during restoration work in 1956. At some unknown time before the 14th century, this church became a branch within the parish of Deinsberg, today's [[Theisbergstegen]]. At the time of the irrevocable introduction of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] into the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], following the principle of ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]'', everyone in the village [[Forced conversion|had to]] [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] belief. When towards the end of the 16th century the Duchy converted to [[Calvinism|Reformed]] belief, Palatinate-Veldenz, to which Neunkirchen am Potzberg had belonged since 1543, did not embrace this newer faith and kept its people with Lutheranism, and likewise the church in the middle of the village, which was renovated sometime before 1700, remained Lutheran. Beginning in 1698, the Lutheran community once again formed its own parish, splitting away from Theisbergstegen. Growing in number bit by bit in the Potzberg area, though, was the number of [[Calvinism|Reformed]] [[Christianity|Christians]] who clove to [[John Calvin]]’s teachings, and who found themselves greatly at odds with the Lutherans. At the same time, during [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest, the French were promoting [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] once again, and later so was the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]]. Growth continued on into the 19th century. In 1825, roughly a fifth of the inhabitants adhered to the Roman Catholic faith, and by 1961, this had reached almost 40%. The Reformed believers built a church for all their worshippers in the surrounding villages in Neunkirchen am Potzberg, which was completed in 1747. At that time, the following villages belonged to the Reformed parish: Neunkirchen, [[Oberstaufenbach]], [[Föckelberg]], [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach, Reichenbachstegen, Albersbach]], [[Kollweiler]], [[Jettenbach]], [[Haschbach am Remigiusberg]], [[Rutsweiler am Glan]], [[Altenglan|Mühlbach]], [[Lauterecken]], [[Heinzenhausen]], [[Lohnweiler]], [[Wiesweiler]] and [[Glanbrücken|Niedereisenbach]]. Later, [[Kottweiler-Schwanden|Schwanden]] also belonged to the parish, while the last for villages named were removed from the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Lauterecken. Thus Neunkirchen am Potzberg had two churches, as Johann Goswin Widder reported. The Reformed church was torn down in 1824. At the same time, the until now Lutheran church was thoroughly renovated and remodelled in the [[Historicism (art)|Historicist]] style with, among other things, a new 16 m-high [[ridge turret]]. Given that the Lutheran and Reformed churches had recently merged in the Protestant Union, only one [[Protestantism|Protestant]] church was now needed. Laid out all round the church building is the graveyard. Its girding wall dates from the [[Middle Ages]]. Today, the still self-administering [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] parish of Neunkirchen with its branches of Föckelberg and Niederstaufenbach belongs to the deaconry of Kusel. The Catholic Christians belong to the parish of Reichenbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held in May 2014, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360106600.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Neunkirchen's mayor is Lilli Niebergall, and her deputies are Juergen Neu and Heike Heinz.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.neunkirchen-am-potzberg.de/Gemeinderat.htm |title=Neunkirchen’s council |access-date=2012-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719065619/http://www.neunkirchen-am-potzberg.de/Gemeinderat.htm |archive-date=2011-07-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''Von Gold und Schwarz gespalten rechts eine rote Kirche, links ein rotgekrönter und bewehrter goldener Löwe.''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Per pale Or a church gules and sable a lion rampant of the first armed, langued and crowned of the second.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side, the lion, along with the [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s Or and sable (gold and black) are drawn from the arms formerly borne by the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] ([[House of Wittelsbach]]), which exercised lordly rights locally until the [[French Revolution]]. The charge on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side, the church, is [[Canting arms|canting]] for the municipality's name, whose meaning is “new church” (this would actually be ''neue Kirche'' in [[German language|German]], whereas ''neun Kirchen'' would generally be taken to mean “nine churches”; nonetheless, the former is held to be the meaning).

The arms have been borne since 1975.<ref>[http://rathsweiler.de/ortsgemeinden/neunkirchen-a-p/ Description and explanation of Neunkirchen am Potzberg’s arms]</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Description and explanation of Neunkirchen am Potzberg’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* [[Protestantism|Protestant]] parish church, Kirchbergstraße 9 – post-Baroque [[aisleless church]] with [[ridge turret]], 1818, architect [[Paul Camille von Denis]], [[Kaiserslautern]]; furnishings

===Regular events===
Neunkirchen am Potzberg’s [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) is held on the last weekend in July.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Important clubs in Neunkirchen am Potzberg are:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Clubs]</ref>
*''Förderverein Neunkirchen'' — Neunkirchen promotional association
*''Krankenpflegeverein'' — [[nursing]] association
*''Landfrauenverein'' — countrywomen’s club
*''Männergesangverein'' — men’s singing club
*''Obst- und Gartenbauverein'' — fruitgrowing and [[gardening]] club
*''SPD-Ortsverein'' — [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] local chapter
*''Sportverein'' — [[sport club]]
*''Verein zur Unterstützung der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr'' — association for supporting the [[fire brigade]]

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Originally, Neunkirchen am Potzberg was purely a farming village. With the opening of the [[Mercury (element)|quicksilver]] mines in the Potzberg area, workers’ dwellings also sprang up. In 1930, about half the village's population worked only at [[agriculture]]. Even by 1970 still 60% of those in the workforce were somehow linked to agriculture, but likewise by then, many farming operations had become secondary businesses. Farming has further declined since then. There are now only three farming operations run as primary income earners, and only three run as secondary income earners. Thus many in the workforce must [[Commuting|commute]] to jobs elsewhere, mainly in the region around [[Kusel]] and [[Kaiserslautern]]. In the village itself are a few businesses and [[inn]]s. An expansion in the tourism sector can be foreseen.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
Schooling was generally promoted by the lords after the introduction of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], but ended in the course of the [[Thirty Years' War]], enjoying a new upswing only in the 18th century. No knowledge about Neunkirchen am Potzberg's school history in [[Feudalism|feudal]] times has reached the present day. In the course of the [[French Revolution]], schooling was nationalized. At the time there were two schools in Neunkirchen, a [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] one and a [[Calvinism|Reformed]] one. Both were still being held in private dwellings, and both were also subject to the Kaiserslautern school inspectorate. In April 1860, the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] took over both schools. In 1824, many of the villagers were of the opinion that the old Calvinist church should be converted into a schoolhouse, but this never came about and instead it was torn down. However, the stone recovered from this work was at least reused for building the new [[Protestantism|Protestant]] schoolhouse, known as the “great schoolhouse” (''großes Schulhaus''). This work was likewise undertaken in 1824. One hundred years later, in 1924, the village got yet another schoolhouse, a smaller one that housed a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] school. In 1968, the old village school was dissolved. Ever since, [[Hauptschule]] students have been attending classes in [[Altenglan]]. Neunkirchen's [[primary school]] pupils at first went to a communal school in both Neunkirchen and [[Föckelberg]]. In Neunkirchen in 1994, a new schoolhouse with four classrooms was built where primary school pupils from Neunkirchen, Föckelberg, [[Oberstaufenbach]] and [[Niederstaufenbach]] are now taught. Currently this amounts to some 90 schoolchildren. Higher schools in the area are the [[Regionale Schule]] in Altenglan, the [[Realschule]] in [[Kusel]] and the [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] in Kusel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Education]</ref> Neunkirchen also has one [[kindergarten]] and a [[library]].

===Transport===
Neunkirchen am Potzberg lies on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 364, which near [[Oberstaufenbach]] branches off ''Landesstraße'' 367 ([[Bosenbach]] – [[Kaiserslautern]]), leads to [[Matzenbach|Gimsbach]] on the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] and then ends at ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 423. Two ''[[Kreisstraße]]n'' lead from Neunkirchen to neighbouring villages, ''Kreisstraße'' 34 by way of [[Föckelberg]] to [[Altenglan]] and ''Kreisstraße'' 33 by way of the Kreuzhof to [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Fockenberg-Limbach]]. To the southwest runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). The nearest [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s are the ones at [[Kusel]] (10 km) and [[Glan-Münchweiler]] (15 km). There is a further one at Kaiserslautern West (Vogelweh), lying 25 km away. [[Theisbergstegen]] and [[Altenglan station]]s (6 km away) are on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]] and are served hourly by [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67 to and from [[Kaiserslautern Central Station|Kaiserslautern]], called the ''Glantalbahn'' (the name of which refers to the [[Glan Valley Railway]], which shared some of the route of the Landstuhl–Kusel line, including through the former railway junction at Altenglan and Theisbergstegen).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
* Ludwig Roediger (b. 1798; d. 1866 in Frankfurt), theologian, paedagogue, philosopher; well known participant at the [[Wartburg Festival]] in 1817; arrested for his beliefs in freedom; later prorector at a [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] in [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]].
* Armin O. Huber (b. 1904; d. 1977 in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]]), globetrotter and travel writer, writer of many travel books and adventure novels, collector, son of the pastor Dr. Friedrich Huber from [[Contwig]]; his mother was from Neunkirchen
* [[Domenik Hixon]] (1984–{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}), [[American football]] player ([[New York Giants]] wide receiver and kick returner)<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7558 Sons and daughters of the town]</ref>

==Further reading==
* Fickert Jan, Bleiching Rudolf, Zenglein Dieter (2004): Neunkirchen am Potzberg. 675 Jahre. 1329–2004. (Herausgegeben von der Ortsgemeinde Neunkirchen). Waldmohr: Göddel & Sefrin.
* Fickert, Jan (2010): Rund um den Potzberg. Erfurt: Sutton-Verlag.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neunkirchen Am Potzberg}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Körborn

2024-12-04T06:32:50Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Korborn.jpg → File:DEU Körborn COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Körborn COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|33|51|N|7|22|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Körborn in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 339
|area = 5.86
|postal_code = 66871
|area_code = 06381
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 051
|mayor = Hartmut Krökel<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Körborn''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Körborn lies in the headwaters of the Mühlbach, which rises on the plateau north of the town of [[Kusel]], flows out of a broad hollow in a narrow, steep valley southeastwards to the Kuselbach. Towards the north, the municipal area stretches rather a long way to the houses of the little village of the Breitsesterhof (an outlying centre of [[Baumholder]]), while towards the south, the municipality's administrative area reaches to a point near Diedelkopf (an outlying centre of Kusel). In the east-west direction, it broadens out only slightly, but jutting out from the built-up area are two bulges. The western one reaches right out to [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Castle Lichtenberg]] (although this lies just outside Körborn's limits in [[Thallichtenberg]]), while the eastern one runs along the so-called [[Roman roads|Roman road]] towards the Mayweilerhof (an outlying centre of [[Oberalben]]). The village itself sits at its lower elevations at 360 m above [[sea level]], and at its higher ones at 390 m above sea level. In the municipal area's wooded northern reaches, the land at first falls off into a dale, the Baumholder Loch (''Loch'' means “hole” in [[German language|German]]), only to rise up again on the far side to heights reaching more than 400 m above sea level. The highest point that has been measured within the municipality's limits is one in the woods out near the Breitsesterhof reaching 456 m above sea level. The eastern and western bulges, too, both break the 400-metre mark in elevation. The lowest point in the municipality is one near Diedelkopf in the Mühlbach valley where the land drops down to about 270 m above sea level. The municipal area measures 586 ha, of which 138 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Körborn borders in the north on the municipality of [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach]], in the northeast on the municipality of [[Oberalben]], in the east on the municipality of [[Blaubach]], in the south on the town of [[Kusel]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Ruthweiler]], in the west on the municipality of [[Thallichtenberg]] and in the northwest on the town of [[Baumholder]].

===Municipality’s layout===
The old village stretches along the road (''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 23) that leads from Dennweiler-Frohnbach to Thallichtenberg, concentrating itself in the upper hollow of the dale through which the brook runs, thereby forming a village core, where two roads meet. The through road bends here towards the southeast (whereafter it is designated ''Kreisstraße'' 24) into the valley of the Mühlbach, while a linking road (likewise designated ''Kreisstraße'' 23) runs southwestwards to Castle Lichtenberg. Towards the north, a street climbs up to new building zones. The schoolhouse, built in 1936, stands here, although this is nowadays a village community centre. Before it stands a belltower, and next to it the [[fire station]]. The newest building areas spread out not only here in the municipality's far north, but also in the east along Römerstraße (“Roman Road”, but here actually a street within the village) and along the linking road to Castle Lichtenberg as well as along sidestreets in this area. The graveyard lies alongside this road on the way out of the village. In the oldest part of the village is still found a row of original Westrich (an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and [[France]]) farmhouses (''Einfirsthaus'' or “single-roof-ridge house” type), although most have been altered by conversions.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
In almost every village in the area, there have been [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds that bear witness to human habitation in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], although no such finds have been unearthed in Körborn's municipal area. The same is true for finds from [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
At the time of Körborn's first documentary mention in 1270, it lay in the [[County of Veldenz]], resident in which at the time was Count Heinrich von Geroldseck, whose wife was Agnes, Count Gerlach V's daughter. Since his father-in-law was the last count of the older line of Veldenz, Heinrich became the founder of the newer line. It cannot be assumed that the date of first documentary mention is also the village's founding date, for nothing is known about when Körborn actually arose as a settled place. It could have been a few years earlier, or a few hundred. Placename researchers do not rule out a founding as far back as pre-Germanic times. The County of Veldenz was founded in 1112, mainly out of various ''[[Vogt]]eien'' over ecclesiastical landholds, particularly the ''Remigiusland'', a region around [[Kusel]] that belonged to the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] in [[Reims]]. According to the 1270 document, Körborn was then a Veldenz [[fief]] held by the ''[[Burgmann]]'' Johannes Raubesak at [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Castle Lichtenberg]], who had to pay the Provost at the Remigiusberg Monastery a certain sum of money. The name Raubesak suggests that Sir Johannes sometimes indulged himself in [[Highwayman|highway robbery]] (''rauben'' is still the German word for “rob”), although this is not known for sure. According to a 1376 document, a [[squire]] of Sötern acknowledged that Count Heinrich II of Veldenz had made him a ''Burgmann'', and that as payment for his service he had also been awarded the village of ''Kerborn''. The village then belonged to the ''[[Burgfrieden]]'' (literally “castle peace”, a truce imposed within a [[castle]]’s domain) of Lichtenberg Castle, which stood only a few kilometres away. The peasants from Körborn, and from all villages within the ''Burgfrieden'', continually had to do [[Unfree labour|compulsory labour]], either at the castle itself or otherwise for the ''Burgmannen''. In 1444, the County of Veldenz met its end when Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna]] wed [[Rupert, King of Germany|King Ruprecht’s]] son [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Stephan]]. By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father’s title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]]: the County Palatine – later Duchy – of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
Thus, also from the 16th century onwards up until the late 18th century, Körborn shared the same history as the now former County of Veldenz and its successor state, Palatinate-Zweibrücken. ''Cörbern'' still belonged, as before, to the ''Burgfrieden'' of Castle Lichtenberg along with the villages of [[Thallichtenberg]], [[Ruthweiler]] and Bistert (now vanished). According to Johannes Hoffmann’s 1588 description of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Lichtenberg, Körborn lay in the fifth ''Hauptgrund'' (literally “main ground”): “In this case … herein: The ''Cörbergrundt'' is 8,600 feet or 573 roods and 5 feet. In this lies above at the end or the beginning the village of ''Cörbern''. The dell, called Müllenbach, is 5,170 feet or 344 roods and 10 feet long, falls into the ''Cörpergrundt''”. Hoffmann used the word ''Schuch'' (in today's German, ''Schuh'' – literally “shoe”) for “foot” and ''Ruttenn'' or ''Rutten'' for “roods”. He also identified the “dell” (he used the same word in German) with the brook running through it. According to this report, the Mühlbach was called the ''Cörbergrundt'' (or ''Cörpergrundt'') and the ''Müllbach'' was said to be a side valley of this “ground”. It is unlikely that a mill (''Mühle'' in German) ever stood on either of these brooks. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the nearby Castle Lichtenberg escaped the customary destruction, though the villages all around it suffered heavily under the horrors wrought by the war and also by the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]]. Körborn was likely utterly destroyed in this war and afterwards newly settled. Further hardship and woe came in the late 17th century with [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest. Only in the 18th century was their steady population growth. From a report by Daniel Hinkelmann that has been preserved to the present day come details about [[Agriculture|agricultural]] conditions in those days. The first survey of the municipal area known to history was done in 1745 by the Ducal ''Renovator'' Gottfried Sundahl from [[Zweibrücken]], who determined the area to be 3,455 ''[[Morgen]]''. According to documents from 1777 issued by the ''Keller'' (collector) at Castle Lichtenberg, Johann Christoph Gassert, the municipality then had 1,287 ''Morgen'' of cropland of which 341 ''Morgen'' lay at the municipality's outermost edges, 245 ''Morgen'' of meadowland and 323 ''Morgen'' of woodland and grazing land. Produced were, among other things, 5,070 bales of corn [[straw]] and 2,845 bales of fodder straw. Of the cropland mentioned above, only 190 ''Morgen'' were dunged, which according to Gassert's calculations yielded 3,420 sheaves of grain, and therefrom all together 213 ''Malter'' of actual grain. The 42 ''Morgen'' of stubble fields and boggier land yielded 6 sheaves to a ''Morgen'' and therefore 252 sheaves all together, and thus 15 ''Malter'' and 3 ''Fass'' (“barrels”). Of the 269½ ''Morgen'' planted with summer crops, one third with [[potato]]es, the yield for one ''Morgen'' was 15 ''Malter'', all together 1,350 ''Malter'' of potatoes, while 179 ''Morgen'' of [[barley]] and [[oats]] yielded 3 ''Malter'' (roughly 6 hundredweight) to a ''Morgen'', and thus all together 537 ''Malter''. The livestock kept in that year broke down as follows: 1 [[horse]], 48 [[ox]]en, 43 [[Cattle|cows]], 41 other cattle, 473 wethers and other [[sheep]], 190 lambs and 182 [[pig]]s.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
As a result of the events during the [[French Revolution]], there was a thorough collapse of the old [[Feudalism|feudal]] structures, and new territorial entities arose. Körborn belonged during the time of [[France|French]] rule to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Burglichtenberg, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Kusel, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]]. After the victory over French forces towards the end of [[Napoleon]]ic times, the victorious powers worked out a new territorial order by 1815 at the [[Congress of Vienna]]. For Körborn, the upshot was that it now found itself in a new [[exclave]] of considerable size that the Congress had chosen to award to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], but not at all far inside it, for it now lay right at the border with the likewise newly created [[Principality of Lichtenberg]] itself a newly created exclave of the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], which as of 1826 became the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]. Körborn now lay in the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Kusel, the Canton of Kusel and the ''Landcommissariat'' (district) of Kusel. After the [[Second World War]], the village lay in the ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' of Neustadt in the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. In the course of administrative restructuring in this state in 1968, Körborn passed as a self-administering ''Ortsgemeinde'' to the then newly founded [[Kusel (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel]] in 1972. This originally lay in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]], but Rhineland-Palatinate has since abolished its ''Regierungsbezirke''.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
The villagers formerly earned their livelihoods mainly from [[agriculture]], though even as early as the [[Middle Ages]] and on to the time of the [[French Revolution]], [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Castle Lichtenberg]] employed compulsory labourers and [[Day labor|day labourers]], as well as menservants and maidservants. Since farming now employs only a few people, Körborn has become a residential community for people who work in business, as labourers or as employees in a broad range of occupations, who mostly have to seek jobs elsewhere. According to a 1609 ecclesiastical visitation protocol of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Lichtenberg, Körborn could be said to be, with a population of roughly 80 inhabitants, a rather big village for the time, but like almost all other villages in the area, it was wiped out in the course of the [[Thirty Years' War]] and by the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]]. After the war, the population rose only slowly, mostly with the arrival of newcomers. There were, however, further reductions in population due to [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest. From the early 18th century to the mid 19th century, steady growth raised the figure to more than 200 inhabitants. The 300-mark was breached before the [[Second World War]]. After the war, once the population had been bolstered somewhat by [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|refugees from Germany's former eastern territories]], reaching a level of some 340 inhabitants, a trend of stagnation set in. Whereas for the Kusel district as a whole a general drop in population can be noted, Körborn does at least show slight growth. The foremost cause for this is the village's proximity to the district seat of [[Kusel]].

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Körborn, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Körborn’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1609 || 1675 || 1825 || 1871 || 1895 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1950 || 1970 || 2005
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 16* || 12* || 205 || 260 || 275 || 286 || 305 || 331 || 348 || 345 || 385
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   ||   || 1 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 23 ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   ||   || 204 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 297 ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''Other''' ||   ||   || – ||   ||   ||   ||   || 11 ||   ||   ||  
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Denotes number of families.

===Municipality’s name===
The oldest known form of the village's name, ''Curberin'', crops up in a 1270 document, which is reproduced in the original [[Latin]] in [[:de:Franz Xaver Remling|Franz Xaver Remling's]] 1856 work as “Appendix 10”; a translation into [[German language|German]] appears in Manfred Mayer's 1996 work. Remling clearly doubted whether the village's name had been transcribed from the original document properly, and he inserted the form ''Corbora'' as another possibility. Whatever the truth is, placename researchers take the view that the name Körborn goes back to the Latin word ''corvus'' (“[[crow]]”). Going by this, the name ''Curberin'' or ''Corbora'' would mean a place where crows stayed. Given the name's Latin origin, it could be that it goes back to pre-Germanic times, although this is mere speculation. Other interpretations of the name are unknown. Other forms that the name has taken over the ages are, among others, ''Korborn'' (1357), ''Korbern'' (1357, 1371, 1376, 1477), and ''Kerborn'' (1570). The form that is current today, Körborn, only first cropped up in 1824.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
According to Hinkelmann (1970), the village of Ruppertsweiler, although it likely lay within [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach]]’s current limits, might instead have lain in the so-called Baumholder Loch, that is to say, within Körborn’s current limits. Likewise in the Baumholder Loch once supposedly lay a place called Höfchen (“Little Estate”). However, no documents are known to confirm such a place's existence.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
As Körborn was one of the villages within the ''Burgfrieden'' of [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Castle Lichtenberg]], the villagers attended services at the castle [[church (building)|church]] during the [[Middle Ages]]. By early modern times, they were going to [[Saint George]]’s [[Chapel]] (''St. Georgskapelle'') and by 1758 to the newly built church near the [[tithe barn]]. In 1523, the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was introduced into the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]] and made [[Forced conversion|binding]] on all the subjects. Then, in 1588, everybody had to [[Religious conversion|convert]] again, this time to [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] belief according to [[John Calvin]] ([[Calvinism]]) on [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Count Palatine (Duke) Johannes I’s]] orders. When Körborn lay in the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] after the [[French Revolution]], [[Napoleon]]ic times and the [[Congress of Vienna]], the [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[Christianity|Christians]], who were still the majority, and the village’s few [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] attended the churches in [[Kusel]]. As early as the Middle Ages, Körborn was burying its dead at the graveyard in Kusel, and sometimes also at the one in [[Pfeffelbach]]. About 1760, the municipality right by the castle wanted to lay out its own graveyard, but the Zweibrücken government would not grant its approval. A graveyard for Körborn, the [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach|Frohnbacher Hof]] and the castle was soon built, however, in 1761, only it was built farther from the castle. It nonetheless bore the name ''Lichtenberger Kirchhof'' (''Kirchhof'' means “churchyard”). Even today, both the village's Evangelicals and its Catholics attend the respective churches in Kusel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360305100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Körborn's mayor is Hartmut Krökel.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''In Silber auf grünem Grund eine von goldenen Ständern gestützte, grüne Linde.''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Argent on ground vert a [[Tilia|limetree]] of the same underpinned by posts Or.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120717171311/http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/ograt.php?gid=8 Körborn’s coat of arms]</ref>

The composition is drawn from an old seal from 1741. In an earlier version, the posts stood on a red wall, which may have been meant to depict a well. This would have been a [[Canting arms|canting]] [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] for the placename element ''—born'', which means “well” (although ''Brunnen'' is the usual [[German language|German]] word for this today). The version in force today has been borne since 1983 when it was approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Körborn’s coat of arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Hauptstraße 20 – former ''Quereinhaus'' (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), about 1860, ambitious expansion, 1911, architect Julius Berndt, [[Kusel]]; characterizes village’s appearance
* ''Alter Friedhof'' (“Old Graveyard”), southwest of the village on the road to Thallichtenberg – sculptured keystone, marked 1762
* ''Queckenbrunnen'' (well), on Burgstraße, northeast of Castle Lichtenberg – quarrystone building with flat [[concrete]] roof, 1890s

===Regular events===
Körborn's [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) is held on the last weekend in June. Other customs are, as in all surrounding villages, [[Swabian–Alemannic Fastnacht|Fastnacht]] ([[Shrove Tuesday|Shrovetide]] [[Carnival]]), the raising of the [[Maypole]] and the [[May Day]] dance and the [[Whitsun]]tide ''Pfingstquack'' (“Whitsun” is ''Pfingsten'' in [[German language|German]]). The ''—quack'' part of the custom's name refers to a rhyme that children recite as they go door to door begging for money with their [[gorse]]-decked wagon. The rhyme generally begins with the line “Quack, Quack, Quack”.<ref>[http://www.westpfalz-journal.de/Seiten/300verschiedenes/Auswanderermuseum/Pfingstquack.htm The ''Pfingstquack'' explained] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124212237/http://www.westpfalz-journal.de/Seiten/300verschiedenes/Auswanderermuseum/Pfingstquack.htm |date=2011-11-24 }}</ref> On the eve of May Day (which to some is [[Walpurgis Night]]), the municipality lays out a meal at the village community centre with ''Wellfleisch mit [[Sauerkraut]]'' (a boiled-meat dish containing, according to one source, rindless [[pork belly]], [[water]], [[salt]], [[Black pepper|pepper]], dried [[marjoram]] and [[onion]]<ref>[http://www.chefkoch.de/rezepte/1484831253706292/Wellfleisch-nach-Oma.html ''Wellfleisch nach Oma'' (“''Wellfleisch'' according to Grandma”)]</ref>) fresh from the boiling pot and original Körborn ''Hausmacher [[Schlachteplatte|Schlachtplatte]]'' (the first word means that it is “homemade”), along with the obligatory [[beer]] straight from the keg.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Körborn has a [[fire brigade]] promotional association, a countrywomen's club and a men's choir called “Harmonie”.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
[[Agriculture]] nowadays plays a very subordinate role in Körborn's economy, with many farms having been given up (although a few have grown bigger). Today, the village is a residential community for people of the most varied of occupations. The proximity to [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Castle Lichtenberg]] bodes well, as it could afford the municipality opportunities to promote [[tourism]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
One of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation's]] effects was to bring the local rulers round to seeing that promoting schooling so that the people could read the [[Bible]] for themselves would have its advantages. Thus, they turned their efforts this way. In the latter half of the 16th century, a school was established at [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Castle Lichtenberg]] for the children of the ''Burgfrieden'', that is, for [[Thallichtenberg]], [[Ruthweiler]], Körborn, Bistert (a now vanished village near Thallichtenberg) and the [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach|Frohnbacher Hof]]. This first school for the villages around the castle was later only sparsely attended, not least of all because of the long, hard walk to school. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], school ended completely, although classes began again quite early on after the war. In a 1671 ''Schul-Kinder-Verzeichnuß'' (“schoolchild directory” in archaic German) compiled by the tax collector at the castle, only four children from Körborn are listed. The collector goes on to say, however: “''Hanß Nickel Haas hat 2 Buben, 1 in der Schule, der andere muß bei der Fuhr bleibe. Simon Grimm hat ein Buben, die andern 2 braucht er bei Fuhr und Vieh, können lesen und schreiben. …''” (“Hanß Nickel Haas has 2 boys, 1 in the school, the other must stay with the (draught) team. Simon Grimm has 1 boy, the other 2 he needs with the team and the livestock. …”). From 1762, a student teacher is named, Nikolaus Braun, who was from Körborn. Until the beginning of [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] times, schoolchildren from Körborn had to attend classes at the castle. Thereafter, they had school more locally, in a private house. Only in the mid 19th century did the village get its own schoolhouse. A new [[one-room school]]house was built in 1936. In the course of school reform about 1970, the village school was dissolved, although at first the schoolhouse itself was still used by [[primary school]] pupils, not only from Körborn but also from [[Dennweiler-Frohnbach]] and [[Oberalben]]. Today, primary pupils attend school in [[Pfeffelbach]], while [[Hauptschule]] students go to a Hauptschule in [[Kusel]]. The district seat is also the location of other kinds of schools such as [[Realschule]], [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]], [[vocational school]]s and [[special school]]s.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Körborn lies on ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 24, which only 2 km from the village ends at ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 in [[Kusel]]’s outlying centre of Diedelkopf. The nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]], to Autobahn [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]) lies only some 4 km away to the south. ''Kreisstraße'' 23 leads from Körborn to [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Castle Lichtenberg]]. Serving Kusel, 4 km away, is [[Kusel station]], which is the terminus of the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]] and is served by [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67, called the ''Glantalbahn'' (the name of which refers to the [[Glan Valley Railway]], which shared some of the route of the Landstuhl–Kusel line).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7549 Transport]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110919162304/http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=8 Körborn in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Korborn}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

List of coats of arms with the Palatine Lion

2024-12-03T05:48:07Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Horschba.jpg → File:DEU Horschbach COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{short description|None}}

[[File:DEU Neustadt an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|thumb|125px|Palatine Lion ]]

This '''list of coats of arms bearing the Palatine Lion''' includes municipal [[coats of arms]] as well as other shields and company [[logo]]s which depict the [[Palatine Lion]].

== The Palatine Lion in coats of arms of regional bodies and administrations ==
[[File:Verbreitungskarte Pfälzer Löwe.png|thumb|300px|Distribution of the Palatine Lion emblem]]
Key to the columns
*''Status'':
**'''Federal state''' = [[States of Germany|Federal state of Germany]]
**'''Former municipality''' = former independent village parish (''Ortsgemeinde'')
**'''former prov.''' = former province (''Regierungsbezirk'' or ''Bezirk'')
**'''Higher ad.''' = higher level administration (''höhere Kommunalverwaltung'')
**'''Former co.''' = former county (''Landkreis'')
**'''parish''' = village/town district/parish and other administrative units at village level
**'''VG''' = collective municipality (''Verbandsgemeinde'')
*''Remarks'':
**Only used where there are variations from the normal design or to links to separate articles

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7"
! class="unsortable"| Coat of arms || Status || Name || VG / Co. / Prov.
! State || Remarks
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neustadt an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Heidelberg.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Heidelberg]] || Heidelberg || Baden-Württemberg || on three green hills
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Pleystein.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Pleystein]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Schriesheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schriesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || standing on two crossed diagonal arrows
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Altdorf bei Nürnberg.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Altdorf bei Nürnberg]] || Nuremberg Land || Bavaria || bearing a shield
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Altrip COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altrip]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Dilsberg.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Dilsberg]]<br />''part of [[Neckargemünd]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frankenthal COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]] || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Horschbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Horschbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || charged with a diagonal silver wavy line
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lambsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Lambsheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen bvpfalz.jpg|50x50px]] || higher ad. || Palatinate (provincial authority) || [[Palatinate region]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rheinpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || former province || [[Circle of Rhine|Rhenish Palatinate]] || || [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bad Sobernheim (1924) COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bad Sobernheim]] || [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || bearing the [[Wheel of Mainz]] in its forepaws
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oberbayern.svg|50x50px]] || higher ad. || [[Upper Bavaria]] || || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Klosterkumbd COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Klosterkumbd]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || tail queue fourchy, bearing a golden sword
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Quirnbach (Pfalz).jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Glan-Münchweiler|VG Glan-Münchweiler]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, regardant, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Mannheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Mannheim|Mannheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ludwigshafen COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]] || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, armed gold, regardant, as shield bearer
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Flossenbürg.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Flossenbürg, Bavaria|Flossenbürg]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || crowned and armed gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hammelbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Grasellenbach|Hammelbach]]<br />''part of [[Grasellenbach]]'' || Bergstraße || Hesse ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Braunau am Inn]] || [[province Braunau am Inn]] || Upper Austria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hof2.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Hof (Saale)]] || Hof (Saale) || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lindenfels COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Lindenfels]] || [[Kreis Bergstraße|Bergstraße]] || Hesse ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lauterhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Lauterhofen]] || Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria || two lions combattant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Baden-Württemberg]] || || Baden-Württemberg || [[Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg|details]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Aspisheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Aspisheim]] || VG Sprendlingen-Gensingen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bechhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bechhofen (Pfalz)]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Edingen-Neckarhausen.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Edingen-Neckarhausen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Föckelberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Föckelberg]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || charged with a diagonal silver wavy line
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim|Gau-Algesheim]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Grafenwöhr.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Grafenwöhr]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mannheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Mannheim]] || Mannheim || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen matzenbach.jpg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Matzenbach]] || [[Landkreis Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears a golden millstone
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Nanzdietschweiler.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Nanzdietschweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Glan-Münchweiler|VG Glan-Münchweiler]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Neunkirp.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Niederkumbd.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederkumbd]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück|| Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rieschweiler-Mühlbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen LK Suedwestpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Südwestpfalz]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Moosbrunn.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Moosbrunn (Schönbrunn)|Moosbrunn]]<br />''part of [[Schönbrunn (Baden)|Schönbrunn]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, colours reversed, armed sable, langued gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Rhein-Neckar-Kreis.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || || Baden-Württemberg || colours reversed in order to comply with [[rule of tincture]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Wagenschwend.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Wagenschwend]]<br />''part of [[Limbach (Baden)|Limbach]]'' || Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Sinsheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Sinsheim|Sinsheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dienheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dienheim]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Gondershausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Gondershausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Luetzelsachsen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Lützelsachsen]]<br />''part of [[Weinheim]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Maisborn COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Maisborn]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mendig COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Mendig]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Mendig|VG Mendig]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)|Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Upper Palatinate || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Das Wappen der Ortsgemeinde Ohmbach.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ohmbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Schönenberg-Kübelberg|VG Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oppau 1929.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ludwigshafen-Oppau|Oppau]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, 1929 to 1938
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Wiesloch.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Wiesloch]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oppau.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ludwigshafen-Oppau|Oppau]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || to 1929
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Altweidelbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altweidelbach]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Biedershausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Biedershausen]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-lohnweiler.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Lohnweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Steinalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinalben]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Traisen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Traisen (Nahe)|Traisen]] || VG Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg || Rhineland-Palatinate || crowned, bearing a grate
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-glanbruecken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberalben]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Kusel|VG Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, field azure
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mutterschied COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mutterschied]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bacharach COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bacharach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Konken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Konken]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Kusel|VG Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, field azure
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Laubach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Laubach (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || tail queue fourchy, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Blason Steinseltz 67.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinseltz|Steinselz]] || ([[Arrondissement Wissembourg|Arrondissement Weißenburg]]) || ([[Lower Alsace]]) ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen nierstein oppenheim.gif|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Nierstein-Oppenheim|Nierstein-Oppenheim]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Oberstaufenbach.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberstaufenbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bergheim (Oberbayern).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bergheim (Upper Bavaria)]] || Neuburg-Schrobenhausen || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Ilvesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ilvesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Lambsborn.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Lambsborn]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mengerschied COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mengerschied]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Obrigheim (Baden) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Obrigheim (Baden)]] || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Reifenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Reifenberg]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schefflenz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schefflenz]] || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schmalenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schmalenberg]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben|Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Seesbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Seesbach]] || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach|Bad Kreuznach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || [[Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate|details]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb hessheim.jpg|50x50px]] || former collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Heßheim|Heßheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Lambsheim-Heßheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Lambsheim-Heßheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Kollweiler.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Kollweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Weilerbach|VG Weilerbach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Mainz-Bingen COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen|Mainz-Bingen]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kaiserslautern COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Kaiserslautern|Kaiserslautern]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" height="55" | [[File:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Bavaria]] || || Bavaria || uncrowned, for details see [[coat of arms of Bavaria]]
|-
| align="center" height="55" | [[File:DEU Dirmstein COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dirmstein]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Kurpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || principality || [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] || || [[Holy Roman Empire]] || historic coat of arms
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Meckenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Meckenheim (Pfalz)|Meckenheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Auerbach Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Auerbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Amberg-Sulzbach || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Baernau.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bärnau]] || Tirschenreuth || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Friesenheim.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Friesenheim, Rhineland-Palatinate|Friesenheim]]<br />''part of [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hassloch COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Haßloch]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Kemnath.png|50x50px]] || town || [[Kemnath]] || Tirschenreuth || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Mendig COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Mendig|Mendig]] || county Mayen-Koblenz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, to 1973
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Moosbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Moosbach (Oberpfalz)|Moosbach]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Neckarhausen.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Edingen-Neckarhausen|Neckarhausen]]<br />''part of [[Edingen-Neckarhausen]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niederotterbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederotterbach]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberotterbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberotterbach]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Saarpfalz-Kreis.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Saarpfalz-Kreis]] || || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Weiden in der Oberpfalz]] || Weiden in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Wachenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Wachenheim|Wachenheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Leimen (Baden) COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Leimen (Baden)|Leimen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrownded, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Emmelshausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Emmelshausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen gruenstadt-land.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Grünstadt-Land|Grünstadt-Land]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim|Tauberbischofsheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen thaleischweiler verb.jpg|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Thaleischweiler-Fröschen|Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Waldalgesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Waldalgesheim]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen VG Freinsheim.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Freinsheim|Freinsheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freisen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Freisen]] || [[Landkreis St. Wendel|St. Wendel]] || Saarland || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm|Nieder-Olm]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen des Saarlands.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Saarland]] || || Saarland || [[Landeswappen des Saarlandes|Wappendetails]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schnaittach COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Schnaittach]] || Nürnberger Land || Bavaria || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Tiefenbach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Tiefenbach (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wiesbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grasellenbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Grasellenbach]] || [[Kreis Bergstraße|Bergstraße]] || [[Hesse]] ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Heltersberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heltersberg]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Waldfischbach.png|50x50px]] || parish || [[Waldfischbach]]<br />''part of [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]]'' || [[Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben|VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Fronhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Fronhofen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné, tail queue fourchée
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Dachau.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Dachau, Bavaria|Dachau]] || [[Landkreis Dachau|Dachau]] || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Sandhofen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Mannheim-Sandhofen|Sandhofen]]<br />''part of [[Mannheim]]'' || Mannheim || Baden-Württemberg || a lion or contourné, armed or, uncrowned, bears a bishop's crozier
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hohenfels (Oberpfalz).svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Hohenfels (Oberpfalz)|Hohenfels]] || [[Oberpfalz]] || [[Bavaria]] || a lion or regardant, langued gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mussbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Mußbach (Neustadt)|Mußbach]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wallhalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wallhalben]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frankweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Frankweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Landau-Land|VG Landau-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Gimmeldingen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Gimmeldingen]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Haardt COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Haardt (Neustadt)|Haardt]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Heidelberg.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Heidelberg (district)|Heidelberg]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Hof COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Hof (district)|Hof]] || Oberfranken || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kusel COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Lachen-Speyerdorf.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Lachen-Speyerdorf]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Mühldorf am Inn (district)|Mühldorf am Inn]] || Upper Bavaria || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neuerkirch COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neuerkirch]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz|Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Oberpfalz || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Tirschenreuth COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth|Tirschenreuth]] || Oberpfalz || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schirmitz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schirmitz]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || contournéer Rumpf
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Barbelroth COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Barbelroth]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Birkenhördt COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Birkenhördt]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Neustadt Weinstraße.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned (to 2003 "Landkreis Ludwigshafen")
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Sargenroth COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Sargenroth]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Südliche Weinstraße]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Külz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Külz (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, in blue with a church
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bad Dürkheim.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Bad Dürkheim (district)|Bad Dürkheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Nohfelden COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Nohfelden]] || St. Wendel || Saarland || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach.png|50x50px]] || county || [[Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Amberg-Sulzbach || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Bammental.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bammental]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Edenkoben COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Edenkoben]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Edenkoben|VG Edenkoben]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Frankenthal COA.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Frankenthal (Pfalz) (district)|Frankenthal (Pfalz)]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:CoA Meckesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Meckesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, armed or und uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Bezirk Oberpfalz.png|50x50px]] || higher ad. || [[Upper Palatinate]] || Upper Palatinate provincial authority || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rosenkopf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Rosenkopf]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Schwandorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Waldhilsbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Waldhilsbach]]<br />''part of [[Neckargemünd]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Walsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Walsheim]] || VG Landau-Land || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Weinheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Weinheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Heddesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heddesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Krähenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Krähenberg]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Pleizenhausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Pleizenhausen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Boehl.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Böhl-Iggelheim|Böhl]]<br />''part of [[Böhl-Iggelheim]]'' || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Brücken (Pfalz) COA.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Brücken (Pfalz)]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Schönenberg-Kübelberg|VG Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant, bears a golden hammer
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frettenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Frettenheim]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Kuembdchen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Kümbdchen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lambrecht COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Lambrecht (Pfalz)|Lambrecht]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || obere Hälfte, passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Simmern COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Simmern/Hunsrück]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück|| Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Simmern COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Simmern/Hunsrück|Simmern/Hunsrück]] || Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bruck in der Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Bruck in der Oberpfalz]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schlammersdorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schlammersdorf]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Altlußheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altlußheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned demi-lion, with a bishop’s crozier
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bad Tölz.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bad Tölz]] || [[Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Bavaria || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz|Ilbesheim]] || VG Landau-Land || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion from a triple hill issuant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Selzen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Selzen]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bearing a key argent
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Alzey COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Alzey]] || [[Alzey-Worms]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Amberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Amberg]] || Amberg || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dorn-Duerkheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dorn-Dürkheim]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|VG Rhein-Selz]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Eimsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Eimsheim]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|VG Rhein-Selz]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Erdesbac.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Erdesbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Germersheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Germersheim|Germersheim]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-heinzenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heinzenhausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hochborn COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Hochborn]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Hockenheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Hockenheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Kirchenpingarten COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Kirchenpingarten]] || [[Landkreis Bayreuth|Bayreuth]] || Bavaria || demi-lion, bears a [[skep]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oberhochstadt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || Oberhochstadt || [[Hochstadt (Pfalz)]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bears a fusil argent (to 1969)
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schwandorf]] || [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Sprendlingen-Gensingen COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Sprendlingen-Gensingen|Sprendlingen-Gensingen]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate || azure field
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Eslarn.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Eslarn]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Biebelnheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Biebelnheim]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Harthausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Harthausen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || two demi-lions, c.f. the older coat of arms
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Harthausen alt.png|50x50px]] || (older coat of arms) || [[Harthausen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || 1845–1951, two uncrowned lions combattant, bearing a millstone
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Niedereisenbach.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || Niedereisenbach || [[Landkreis Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Alfeld (Mittelfranken).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Alfeld (Mittelfranken)]] || [[Landkreis Nürnberger Land|Nürnberger Land]] || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Steindorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steindorf (Schwaben)|Steindorf]] || Aichach-Friedberg || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Alzey-Land COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Alzey-Land|Alzey-Land]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Belgweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Belgweiler]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Manubach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Manubach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bearing an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Undenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Undenheim]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-glanbruecken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Glanbrücken]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Erharting.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Erharting]] || Mühldorf am Inn || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Höheischweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Höheischweiler]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb wallhalben.jpg|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Wallhalben|Wallhalben]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Annweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Annweiler am Trifels|Annweiler am Trifels]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || Ludwigshafen || || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned, bearing a golden key
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Münchweiler am Klingbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Münchweiler am Klingbach]] || VG Annweiler am Trifels || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Upper Bavaria || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Nahe COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Nahe|Rhein-Nahe]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim|Deidesheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb hettenleidelheim.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Hettenleidelheim|Hettenleidelheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niederheimbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederheimbach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Albersweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Albersweiler]] || VG Annweiler am Trifels || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Schwetzingen.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schwetzingen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freinsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Freinsheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Bad-Bergzabern COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Bad Bergzabern|Bad Bergzabern]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Laaber.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Laaber]] || Regensburg || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Baar (Schwaben).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Baar (Schwaben)|Baar]] || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg|Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schwarzenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schwarzenbach (Oberpfalz)]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hirschbach (Oberpfalz).png|50x50px]] || village || [[Hirschbach (Oberpfalz)|Hirschbach]] || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach|Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Burglengenfeld.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Burglengenfeld]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || head only, cabossed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mörsch 1919-1987.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Mörsch (Frankenthal)|Mörsch]]<br />''part of [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]]'' || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mörsch.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Mörsch (Frankenthal)|Mörsch]]<br />''part of [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]]'' || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oggersheim1.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Oggersheim]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grevenhausen.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Lambrecht (Pfalz)|Grevenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Lambrecht (Pfalz)]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wachenheim an der Weinstraße]]|| Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Rockenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Rockenhausen]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niedermoschel COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niedermoschel]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberndorf (Pfalz) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)|Oberndorf]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Sitters COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Sitters, Germany|Sitters]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Einselthum COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Einselthum]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mörsfeld COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mörsfeld]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb rockenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rockenhausen|Rockenhausen]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dielkirchen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dielkirchen]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Gundersweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Gundersweiler]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ransweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ransweiler]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ruppertsecken COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ruppertsecken]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bellheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bellheim]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Berg (Pfalz) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Berg (Pfalz)]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neuburg am Rhein COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neuburg am Rhein]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Erlenbach bei Kandel.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Erlenbach bei Kandel]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Winden.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen bruchmuhlbach vg.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Bruchmühlbach-Miesau|Bruchmühlbach-Miesau]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bruchmühlbach-Miesau.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Bruchmühlbach-Miesau]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Frankelbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Frankelbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen ramstein miesenbach verb.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Ramstein-Miesenbach|Ramstein-Miesenbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Hütschenhausen.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Hütschenhausen]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Huetschenhausen-alt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Katzenbach (Huetschenhausen).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen|Katzenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Spesbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen|Spesbach]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Niedermohr.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Niedermohr]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Niedermohr-alt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Niedermohr]]<br />part of ''[[Niedermohr]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Reuschbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Niedermohr|Reuschbach]]<br />part of ''[[Niedermohr]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Ramstein-Miesenbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Ramstein-Miesenbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Ramstein.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ramstein-Miesenbach|Ramstein]]<br />part of ''[[Ramstein-Miesenbach]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen steinwenden.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinwenden]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Steinwenden]]-Weltersbach<br />part of ''[[Steinwenden]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Steinwenden|Weltersbach]]<br />part of ''[[Steinwenden]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Reichenbach (Reichenbach-Steegen) COA.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Reichenbach-Steegen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Fockenberg-Limbach COA.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Fockenberg-Limbach]]<br />part of ''[[Reichenbach-Steegen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Zweibruecken.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Zweibrücken (district)|Zweibrücken]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Battweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Battweiler]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bergzabern.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Bad Bergzabern (district)|Bad Bergzabern]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landau.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landau (district)|Landau]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grafenhausen (Annweiler am Trifels).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Annweiler am Trifels|Gräfenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Annweiler am Trifels]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dörrenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dörrenbach]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rechtenbach (Schweigen-Rechtenbach).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach|Rechtenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Muehlhofen (Billigheim-Ingenheim).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Billigheim-Ingenheim|Mühlhofen]]<br />part of ''[[Billigheim-Ingenheim]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hallgarten COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Hallgarten (Pfalz)|Hallgarten]] || Bad Kreuznach || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberhausen an der Nahe COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberhausen an der Nahe]] || Bad Kreuznach || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Sankt Ingbert COA.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[St. Ingbert (district)|St. Ingbert]] || || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bliesdalheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Bliesdalheim]]<br />part of ''[[Gersheim]]'' || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU St.Ingbert COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[St. Ingbert]] || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU_Hassel_(Saar)_COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hassel (Saar)|Hassel]]<br />part of ''[[St. Ingbert]]'' || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Bad Kreuznach COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen VG Traben-Trabach v2.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach|Traben-Trarbach]] || Kreis Bernkastel-Wittlich || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Pfalzdorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Pfalzdorf]]<br />''part of [[Goch]]'' || Kreis Kleve || North Rhine-Westphalia ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ibersheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Worms-Ibersheim|Ibersheim]]<br />''part of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]'' || Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rheinduerkheim.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Worms, Germany|Rheindürkheim]]<br />''part of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]'' || Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Albig COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Albig]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate|| demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freimersheim (Rheinhessen) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Freimersheim (Rheinhessen)]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate|| holding the letter "F" in its forepaws
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Rheinauen COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Rheinauen (Verbandsgemeinde)|Rheinauen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz COA.svg|50x50px]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|Rhein-Selz]] || Landkreis Mainz-Bingen ||Rheinland-Pfalz||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Merzhausen rgb.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Merzhausen (Usingen)|Merzhausen]]<br />''part of [[Usingen]]'' || [[Hochtaunuskreis]] || Hesse ||
|}

== The Palatine Lion in coats of arms of the German Armed Forces ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7"
! class="unsortable"| Coat of arms || Unit || Location
|-
| align="center" | [[File:LKdo Rheinland-Pfalz.gif|30px]] || ''[[Landeskommando]]'' of Rhineland-Palatinate || in [[Mainz]] in the [[Generalfeldzeugmeister]] Barracks
|}

== See also ==
* [[Electoral Rhenish Circle]]

* Wappenbuch des Landkreises Cochem-Zell, Darmstadt 2001, v. Alfons Friderichs, {{ISBN|3-00-008064-3}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.heidelberginfo.co.za/UK/Logo.awp Heidelberg, Western Cape, South Africa]

{{Commons category|Lion of Palatinate in heraldry }}

[[Category:Armorials|Palatine Lion]]
[[Category:History of the Palatinate (region)|Palatine Lion list]]
[[Category:Culture of the Palatinate (region)|Palatine Lioni list]]
[[Category:Electoral Palatinate]]

Horschbach

2024-12-03T05:48:03Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Horschba.jpg → File:DEU Horschbach COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{For|the river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany|Hörschbach}}
{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Horschbach COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|35|20|N|7|31|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Horschbach in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 220
|area = 7.05
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06387
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 046
|website = [https://horschbach.com/ horschbach.com]
|mayor = Michael Herrmann<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Horschbach''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies at the foot of the [[Herrmannsberg (North Palatine Uplands)|Herrmannsberg]] hill in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. Through Horschbach flows the village's namesake brook, the Horschbach. The village lies at an elevation of some 220 m above [[sea level]] on the north side of the Herrmannsberg (563 m above sea level) in the Horschbach valley, with most of its houses on the brook's right bank. The summit of the Herrmannsberg lies within the municipality's limits. Along the brook's left bank stretches the woodland known as the ''Großes Mayen'', which reaches an elevation of 352 m above sea level. The Reibelsberg between Horschbach and [[Sankt Julian|Gumbsweiler]] reaches 309 m above sea level. The Spenzelberg down the valley is 305 m high. The municipal area measures 705 ha, of which 93 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Horschbach borders in the north on the municipality of [[Glanbrücken]], in the northeast on the municipality of [[Hinzweiler]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Oberweiler im Tal]], in the south on the municipality of [[Eßweiler]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Elzweiler]], in the west on the municipality of [[Welchweiler]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Sankt Julian]].

===Municipality’s layout===
Branching away from each other in Horschbach's village centre are the roads to [[Glanbrücken]], [[Welchweiler]] and [[Hinzweiler]], each one of which is only loosely built up. South of this mesh of roads is a housing development whose streets climb up the Herrmannsberg massif. In the village's east end stands the [[church (building)|church]], while north of the village, at the side of the road leading to Glanbrücken, lies the graveyard. Within the village itself are found the village community centre with the shooting club's clubhouse and a [[fire station]] for the villages of Horschbach, Elzweiler and Welchweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
In 1910, some [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] coins, some potsherds and the foundations of a Roman settlement were unearthed on the Herrmannsberg.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Description and explanation of Horschbach’s arms]</ref> No [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds have ever come to light in Horschbach.

===Middle Ages===
The village likely arose in the 8th century in the broad [[Imperial immediacy|Imperially immediate]] domain around the town of [[Kaiserslautern]]. Only in the 14th century did its name appear in a document (another source states that Horschbach's first documentary mention came in 1190<ref>[http://www.horschbach.com/ Timeline of Horschbach’s history]</ref>). During the 13th century, great parts of the Imperially immediate domain were pledged to the counties at the edge of the ''Königsland'' (“King’s Land”). Horschbach then lay in the so-called ''Pflegschaft Hundheim'' (''Pflegschaft'' means something like “trusteeship”), which was pledged to the Rhinegraves of Grumbach. The whole ''Pflegschaft'', to which belonged all the villages of the ''Eßweiler Tal'' (dale), shared the Rhinegraviate's history for some 250 years. A [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] [[castle]] complex below the Herrmannsberg's peak was utterly destroyed long ago and lies at a rather unreachable spot in the mountain's woods. About the castle's history, nothing is known, and even its name has been forgotten over the ages.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
In 1595, the whole ''Pflegschaft'' of Hundheim, along with other villages in the area, was transferred to the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. Horschbach, and also Niedereisenbach and Hachenbach (both nowadays outlying centres of [[Glanbrücken]]), along with [[Elzweiler]] remained with the Duchy until it was dissolved in the time of the [[French Revolution]]. The other villages in the ''Pflegschaft'' of Hundheim passed back to the Rhinegraviate in 1755. Even then, Horschbach was the seat of an ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]''. One ''[[Schultheiß]]'' at that time for the whole ''Amt'' was Peter Simon Gilcher (1762).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the [[French Revolution]] and [[Napoleon]]ic times, Horschbach lay within the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]), whose seat was at [[Mainz]], the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein and the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern. After [[France|French]] rule ended and Napoleon met his ultimate political fate at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the [[Congress of Vienna]] awarded a great swathe of territory in this region to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], and by 1817, Horschbach found itself within this [[exclave]], called the ''Bayerischer Rheinkreis'' (“Bavarian Rhine District”). More locally, it lay within the ''Landcommissariat'' (later ''Bezirksamt'', later still ''Landkreis'' or district) of Kusel and the Canton of Wolfstein. Horschbach was also an administrative seat, home to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“mayoralty”) for the three Herrmannsberg municipalities of Horschbach, [[Elzweiler]] and [[Welchweiler]], and from the beginning until 1838 also for [[Bedesbach]], a village on the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. Such was the uniting force of this arrangement that until 1853, the villages of Horschbach and Elzweiler were regarded as one village. In 1923, the warriors’ memorial for those who fell in the [[First World War]] was built. The following year, electric lighting was installed in Horschbach. At elections between 1920 and 1933 – in [[Weimar Republic|Weimar times]] – the strongest showings were among centre-right and rightwing parties, a common pattern in places with a strongly developed agricultural structure. Indeed, in the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) became quite popular in Horschbach. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], none of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, but by the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had grown to 23.9%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 92.5%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. It was not until 1949 that the first [[tractor]], owned by a man named Ernst Mäurer, made its appearance in Horschbach. Bavarian times ended with the [[Allied-occupied Germany|Allied occupation]] after the [[Second World War]] and the region became part of the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. The ''Bürgermeisterei'' of Horschbach, however, remained in force until 1968, when there was sweeping administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate. Horschbach then lost its administrative function, and since 1972 it has been an ''Ortsgemeinde'' within the [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]]. In 1956, a third schoolhouse was built. Like the first one, it is now used as a house. In 1968, 23 years after the war ended, the warriors’ memorial for those who fell in the [[Second World War]] was built. That same year, the church got a new organ. In a turnaround from what was the pattern in Weimar times, left-leaning parties now do somewhat better in local elections, if not as strongly as in the other Herrmannsberg municipalities of Elzweiler and Welchweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Recent times]</ref> In 1972, the “Mühlgärten und Steinbach” building plan was set forth. In 1973, Horschbach came in second at the district level in the contest ''Unser Dorf soll schöner werden'' (“Our village should become lovelier”), and the renovated church (new pews and heating) became ready for use. Modern sewerage was laid in 1975. In 1976 came the last day of school. The local [[primary school]] was closed on 28 July, as the ones in Elzweiler (27 June 1973) and Welchweiler (30 November 1966) already had been. The schoolchildren thereafter had to go to school in [[Rammelsbach]]. Another building plan was set forth in 1998, “Am Hofacker”. A linking street was built to the site the following year. In 2009, a [[Photovoltaic system|photovoltaic]] array was installed on the former schoolhouse's roof.<ref>[http://www.horschbach.com/ Timeline of Horschbach’s history]</ref>

===Population development===
Of the three Herrmannsberg municipalities of Horschbach, Elzweiler and Welchweiler, Horschbach was at almost every time in history the biggest. Originally, most people earned their livelihoods at [[Agriculture|farming]], though quite early on, some inhabitants began to specialize in crafts. According to a 1477 taxation roll, there were only three people in the village liable to pay taxes. In 1515, seven households were counted. It must be borne in mind, however, that as a result of deaths due to constant [[epidemic]]s, the population figures sometimes underwent great swings. For 1609, documents from the ecclesiastical visitation show that there were 76 inhabitants living in 13 families. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the population once again shrank sharply, only to climb quickly in the early 18th century. In 1743, the village counted 132 souls at 26 hearths (that is to say, households). Of the 26 men who headed families, 19 worked at craft occupations. At the turn of the 19th century, the population figures were once again growing fast. The [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] announced the following population figures for Horschbach and Elzweiler together: 451 for 1827, 614 for 1835 and 662 for 1850. There was thus no continuous rise in the figures throughout the 19th century. On the contrary, it is believed that the village's population peaked at over 400 sometime in the earlier half of the 19th century. There must also have been heavy population losses due to [[emigration]]. As early as the 19th century, it is known that 13 families sought new lives abroad. Seven went to the [[United States]] while the other six went to lands in the [[Balkans|Balkan Peninsula]]. As the 19th century wore on, emigration to the United States grew. By 1970, population figures were subject to only slight swings. Then came a sharp downswing towards today's level of about 300. This fall can be ascribed to the distance to economic centres and the rather unfavourable local transport links. The trend continues with people still moving out of Horschbach, although on the other hand, their favourably priced empty houses and flats ensure that there are also newcomers. This has led to a marked shift in the population's age structure towards greater ages.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Horschbach:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Horschbach’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1875 || 1885 || 1900 || 1910 || 1939 || 1962 || 1967 || 1970 || 1971 || 1972 || 1973 || 1974 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 360 || 375 || 361 || 381 || 394 || 365 || 338 || 356 || 361 || 353 || 346 || 355 || 269
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The name has taken the following forms over the ages: ''Horgesbach'' (1336), ''Horginsbach'' and ''Harrisbach'' (14th century), ''Hargessbach'' (1393), ''Hargessbach'' (1460), ''Harsbach'' (1480), ''Horrsbach'' (1528), ''Hornsbach'' (1550), ''Horßbach'' (1573), ''Horspach'' (1614), ''Horschbach'' (1824). In 1709, the current spelling of the village's name, Horschbach, appeared. The placename ending ''—bach'' (“brook”) is a very common one locally; most villages with names ending in ''—bach'' were founded sometime around the 8th century. To this ending is prefixed the syllable ''Horsch—'', which goes back to a personal name. Researchers Dolch and Greule believe it to have been ''Hargun''. There was another interpretation, now discounted by today's placename researchers, that held that it derived from the word ''Harun'' (“grove”; [[German language|Modern High German]], ''Hain'').<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Municipality’s name]</ref> Yet another interpretation is found at Horschbach's own website, stating that the prefix derives from {{lang|de|harges}}, a word for “sanctuary” or “place of worship”.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360104600.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

==Religion==
Church history in the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was characterized by belonging to the [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]] and the Glan [[chapter (religion)|chapter]]. Although Horschbach was the seat of an ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Unteramt]]'' as early as the [[Late Middle Ages]], it was not the seat of a parish, and indeed until the late 18th century, it did not even have its own village [[church (building)|church]]. In the Reformation, the villagers all [[Religious conversion|converted]] in 1556, as Rhinegravial subjects, to [[Lutheranism]], and were still Lutheran in 1595 when the village was [[Cession|ceded]] by the Rhinegraviate to the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], which had already converted to [[Calvinism]]. Even so, most people in Horschbach also converted to Calvinism. After the [[Thirty Years' War]], though, there were once again Lutheran villagers, and beginning in the late 17th century, also [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] ones. Of the 132 inhabitants in 1743, 117 were [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] (Calvinist), 11 were Lutheran and 4 were Roman Catholic. The high share of the population that was [[Protestantism|Protestant]], roughly 97%, shrank only slightly in the centuries that followed, although in more recent times, the drop in the Protestants’ population share has been a bit more marked (96% in 1961, 86% in 1997). The mother church was originally the ''Hirsauer Kirche'', a very old country church near [[Offenbach-Hundheim|Hundheim]], and later it was the Church of [[Hinzweiler]]. The church in Horschbach itself was built in 1791 as a “[[chapel]]”; it included a 21 m-tall tower. It has [[Classicism|Classicist]] style elements, but interior features all its own, characterized by the use of simple wooden beams. Said to be a particular jewel is the Stumm [[organ (music)|organ]] from 1792, which was built into the church in 1822. A bell was also added in 1792. Catholic [[Christianity|Christians]] are tended by the [[Rammelsbach]] pastorate.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360104600.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayors===
At the 2004 mayoral election, there were no declared candidates, and so Michael Herrmann was chosen by council. In 2009, he was elected, this time by the voters, with 78% of the vote.

The mayors since the establishment of the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' have been as follows:
* 1972–1989: Erich Herrmann
* 1989–1998: Karl Schreiner
* 1998–2004: Erich Herrmann
* 2004–{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}: Michael Herrmann

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''In Schwarz ein rotgekrönter und bewehrter goldener Löwe, überdeckt von einem silbernen schräg linken Wellenbalken.''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Sable a bend sinister wavy argent surmounting a lion rampant Or armed langued and crowned gules.

The lion is drawn from an old municipal seal, but also refer to the arms formerly borne by the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], while the wavy bend sinister is a [[Canting arms|canting]] [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] for the last syllable in the village's name (''Bach'' means “brook” in [[German language|German]]).

Horschbach formerly bore arms that showed a red tulip with green leaves on a gold field, growing out of green earth, a charge drawn from an 18th-century village seal. These arms, however, were never officially conferred, and only borne as a matter of custom.

The current arms were approved by the now abolished ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' authorities in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] and have been borne since 18 July 1975.<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Horschbach Description and explanation of Horschbach’s arms]</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Description and explanation of Horschbach’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* [[Protestantism|Protestant]] church, Alter Weg 7 – [[aisleless church]] with [[ridge turret]], 1791; furnishings, organ front 1792, Brothers Stumm; bell, 1792 by Jakob and Paul Klein, [[Zweibrücken|Ernstweiler]]

===Regular events===
The [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) is held on the third weekend in July. Other old customs have not been preserved in Horschbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Horschbach has three clubs: the [[Shooting sport|shooting]] club, a [[tennis]] club and the “Liederkranz” singing club, founded in 1872.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542|title = Horschbach - regionalgeschichte.net}}</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
In 1898, villagers got their water from two public wells, or one of the 55 private ones. By 1902, however, a watermain had been built. Even as late as 1950, 75% of Horschbach's population worked the land for their livelihoods. Earnings were also to be had in forestry. There was once even [[winegrowing]] in Horschbach: in 1879, the municipality had 6 ha of [[vineyard]]s. There were also, even quite early on, rather a great number of craftsmen in the village. All these industries are in decline nowadays. [[Agriculture]] is today nobody's main source of income, with farms being run only as secondary businesses. Forestry is only of lesser importance, and as for crafts, they can hardly truly claim to have any footing in the village anymore. Thus, most workers must now seek their livelihoods elsewhere, [[commuting]] to jobs in other centres. [[Tourism]] might hold some promise for the future. Its beginnings may lie in [[gastronomy]], which has already arisen in Horschbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Economic structure]</ref><ref>[http://www.horschbach.com/ Timeline of Horschbach’s history]</ref>

===Education===
In the earlier half of the 18th century, Horschbach got a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare), which was subject to the [[Hinzweiler]] “main school”. A report from 1752 says that the school was supported by the [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]’s quarterly collection. School season lasted from the grape harvest to [[Holy Week]] and lessons lasted six hours each day (1753). While other schools often had to be heated with [[coal]], in Horschbach, firewood provided by the municipality was used. Although winter school was held in Horschbach, the municipality had to deliver to the main school in Hinzweiler, even if Horschbach pupils made no use of that school (it was allowed, though), one ''Malter'', three barrels and one ''Sester'' of grain, along with a yearly payment of 4 [[Rhenish guilder]]s, 13 [[Batzen]] and 7 [[Pfennig]]e. For the year 1776, one Jakob Schneider was named as the schoolteacher. In 1820, Horschbach’s first [[school]]house was built. It still stands today, but is used as a house. In 1880, another schoolhouse was built, now somewhat ironically called the “Old Schoolhouse”. Beginning in 1962, [[Hauptschule]] students attended classes at the ''Zentralschule [[Sankt Julian]]'', and as of 1969 at the ''Hauptschule Offenbach-St. Julian''. The [[primary school]] pupils at first stayed in Horschbach. Further school reorganization came with the founding of the ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]n''. Since 1974, Hauptschule students have been attending classes at the ''Hauptschule [[Altenglan]]'' (now the ''[[Regionale Schule|Regionalschule]] Altenglan''), while the primary school pupils have been attending the ''Grundschule Altenglan'' in [[Rammelsbach]]. The Horschbach schoolhouse has since been torn down.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Education]</ref><ref>[http://www.horschbach.com/ Timeline of Horschbach’s history]</ref>

===Transport===
To the southwest runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). Even so, Horschbach's location is not particularly favourable for transport. It lies on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 368, which links [[Altenglan]] with [[Hinzweiler]]. Along this stretch of the road runs a public [[bus]] route. Linking ''Landesstraße'' 368 with ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420 near [[Glanbrücken]] is ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 29. The Autobahn [[interchange (road)|interchange]] near [[Kusel]] lies some 20 km away. It is 8 km by road to either of the two nearest [[railway station]]s at [[Altenglan station|Altenglan]] and [[Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wolfstein]], the former on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]] and the latter on the [[Lauter Valley Railway]] (''Lautertalbahn'').<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7542 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Honorary citizens===
* Erich Herrmann (2009) for 40 years of service in municipal politics

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://horschbach.com/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Haschbach am Remigiusberg

2024-12-02T06:49:00Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen von Haschbach am Remigiusberg.png → File:DEU Haschbach am Remigiusberg COA.svg PNG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Haschbach am Remigiusberg COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|31|26|N|7|25|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Haschbach am Remigiusberg in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 240
|area = 4.02
|postal_code = 66871
|area_code = 06381
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 034
|website = [http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/ www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de]
|mayor = Klaus Schubinski<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Haschbach am Remigiusberg''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in a hollow on the upper reaches of the Haschbach at the western foot of the [[Remigiusberg]] hill in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]], roughly 4 km southeast of [[Kusel]]. To the east lies the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]], into which the Haschbach flows. The municipality's elevation is roughly 260 m above [[sea level]].<ref>[http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/html/haschbach.html Haschbach am Remigiusberg’s location] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120801052828/http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/html/haschbach.html |date=2012-08-01 }}</ref> The heights around the municipal area reach 375 m above sea level at the Langenberg to the west and 368 m above sea level at the Remigiusberg, which with its [[church (building)|church]] and Michelsburg [[castle]] [[ruin]] is said to be a landmark of the Westrich, an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and [[France]]. Found mainly in the Remigiusberg area are great melaphyre quarries. The municipal area measures 402 ha, of which 14.6 ha is built up and 83 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Haschbach am Remigiusberg borders in the north on the municipality of [[Rammelsbach]], in the east on the municipality of [[Theisbergstegen]], in the south on the municipality of [[Etschberg]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Schellweiler]] and in the west on the town of [[Kusel]]. Haschbach am Remigiusberg also meets the municipality of [[Altenglan]] at a single point in the northeast.

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Haschbach am Remigiusberg is the outlying homestead of Remigiusberg.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Constituent communities]</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
Running through Haschbach is Hauptstraße (“Main Street”), which leads from [[Kusel]] to [[Theisbergstegen]]. The built-up area spreads up towards the Remigiusberg northeast of this street, while to the southwest it does likewise up towards the Langenberg. Besides the farmhouses with single roof ridges that are typical of the Westrich, there are also many simple workers’ houses. New building zones are found mainly in the south and west. The old church and castle ruin on the Remigiusberg as well as the Potzberg farther to the east offer a view over the village. Standing on the road leading to the Remigiusberg is a small country [[chapel]] from the late 19th century. The sporting ground lies towards the northwest, right at the municipal boundary with Kusel. On the road to [[Rammelsbach]], outside the built-up area, lies the graveyard.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
The land both nearer Haschbach and somewhat farther away was settled in the late [[New Stone Age]], the [[Bronze Age]], the [[Iron Age]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, bearing witness to which are [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds from all the surrounding municipalities. In Haschbach itself, down from the village, going towards Theisbergstegen, early work on a quarry on both sides of the road unearthed an urn-grave burying ground, which likely dates from [[La Tène culture|La Tène times]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Haschbach lay in the so-called ''Remigiusland'', and likely arose in the 11th century, and thus some 100 years before the first documentary mention from 1149. An exact year of founding, though, cannot be determined. The ''Remigiusland'' was originally part of the [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''Reichsland'') around [[Kaiserslautern]], but was split away from it about AD 590 and likely given by [[Franks|Frankish]] King [[Childebert II]] to Bishop Egidius of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Reims]] as a donation. A story that already appeared in the Archbishopric's history books in the [[Middle Ages]] that had King [[Clovis I]] making the donation to Bishop Remigius ([[Saint Remigius]]) himself is now no longer accepted by historians. In 952, the Bishopric of Reims transferred its holdings around Kusel – the ''Remigiusland'' – to the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]], also in Reims. In 1112, Count Gerlach I, whose father was a count from the [[Nahegau]], founded the new [[County of Veldenz]], also belonging to which, as a ''[[Vogt]]ei'', was the ''Remigiusland''. At this time, [[monk]]s from Reims, who in all likelihood had considered the town of Kusel their base since the ''Remigiusland'' was founded, may even have built the Monastery on the Remigiusberg. The monastery had its first documentary mention in 1127. Before it was founded, nobles from a neighbouring region had unlawfully built on the mountain a [[castle]], which against a payment of compensation was now torn down. The original [[Latin]] text reads: “''utili et salubri consilio sibi posterisque providentes eundem montem licet suum munitionem pretio redemerunt et destructo castro monasterium sibi cum claustralibus officinis ibidem construxerunt,…''”. One of the invaders, likely a knight named Albert, himself ruefully joined the monastery. Tensions between the provosts at the Saint-Remi branch monastery on the Remigiusberg and the Counts of Veldenz arose soon after the monastery's founding and lasted centuries. According to the 1149 document that also mentions the name of the village of Haschbach for the first time (as ''Habbach''), a delegation from the Abbey of Saint-Remi and the branch monastery on the Remigiusberg complained to [[Conrad III of Germany|King Conrad III]] about disputes between the Counts of Veldenz and the monastery. King Conrad issued a legal pronouncement in the monastery's favour, but this was never quite brought into force. Four of Count Gerlach's successors likewise bore the name Gerlach. Gerlach V died in 1259 after taking part in a mission to [[Crown of Castile|Castile]], leaving behind a young daughter named Agnes. Serving as Agnes's regent was [[County of Zweibrücken|Count Heinrich of Zweibrücken]], who was her grandfather and her late father's father-in-law. To safeguard the County of Veldenz, Count Heinrich had several castles built, thus flouting the monks at the Remigiusberg and also the Michelsburg, the castle right next to the monastery. In various Veldenz documents, the Michelsburg is mentioned. In 1387 and 1390, Count Friedrich II of Veldenz acknowledged that he had been enfeoffed with, among other things, ''Sant Michelsberg'' by [[Rupert I, Elector Palatine|Count Palatine Ruprecht the Elder]]. A similar thing was acknowledged in 1437 by [[Frederick III, Count of Veldenz|Count Friedrich III of Veldenz]] with regard to his overlord [[Louis IV, Elector Palatine|Count Palatine Ludwig]]. This feudal arrangement shows that the Counts of Veldenz did not hold their fief directly from the king, but rather through the [[Electoral Palatinate|Electors Palatine]] who served as their overlords. Count Friedrich III was the last from the [[Hohengeroldseck]] family to rule Veldenz - that male line died out with him in 1444, and the county passed to his son-in-law [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken]] (son of [[Rupert, King of Germany]]), widower of Frederick's daughter, [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna of Veldenz]]. Stephen, combining his lands, created the new [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]], which in the fullness of time came to be known as the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Stephen chose the town of [[Zweibrücken]] as comital residence.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
The [[Palatine Zweibrücken#List of Counts Palatine Zweibrücken|Counts Palatine (Dukes) of Zweibrücken]] introduced the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] according to [[Martin Luther]]’s teachings to their subjects beginning in 1523, and in 1588, [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] [[Forced conversion|forced]] his subjects to [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[John Calvin]]’s [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] teachings ([[Calvinism]]). In 1543, [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] gave the [[County of Veldenz]] to his uncle and former [[regent]], [[Rupert, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Rupert]]. During his regency, Rupert had resided at the castle on the Remigiusberg, the Michelsburg, which was forthwith swallowed into his new county's domain. The by now [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] church once belonging to the monastery, which had suffered dissolution in the time of the Reformation, served the princely family of Palatinate-Veldenz as a burying place. The village of Haschbach itself at first remained with the Duchy of Zweibrücken, but nevertheless likewise ended up with the newer County of Veldenz under the terms of the [[Recess (Holy Roman Empire)|Recess]] of Meisenheim, proclaimed on 1 August 1600. As Lehmann wrote in 1867, “In August however, our [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Prince]] established two agreements with Georg Hannsen’s son, Count Palatine Georg Gustav of Veldenz; in the first, he transferred to the said count the mills at [[Altenglan|Mühlbach]] and [[Oberstaufenbach]], two woods named Hochwald and Steinchen, then the villages of Hasbach (Haschbach) and [[Theisbergstegen|Stegen]], as well as many [[Serfdom|serfs]] and certain tithes, against which he (the Prince) received his share of [[Alsenz]], the village of Reichartsweiler, the Veldenz share of the tithes in the Stolzenberg Valley along with many serfs.” The [[Thirty Years' War]] and [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest exacted great losses, and for a while, the village would have been almost empty of people. Newcomers boosted the population figures. The later Veldenz line died out with [[Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Count Palatine Leopold Ludwig's]] death in 1694. There then ensued a dispute over the succession between Palatinate-Zweibrücken and [[Electoral Palatinate]], which was settled in the latter's favour by the 1731 Treaty of Marburg. Under its terms, the village of Haschbach along with the castle and the church were held by Electoral Palatinate until the country was [[Military occupation|occupied]] by [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]]. During the 18th century, having been mentioned as early as 1590, the Remigiusberg Estate lay below the monastery and the castle, held by the House of Remigiusberg, that is, the Counts Palatine of Veldenz-Lichtenstein and from 1731 the Prince-Electors of the Palatinate. Bit by bit, not always without displeasure, the estate was given to various other landholders. In the time of the [[French Revolution]], the [[France|French]] authorities seized all Electoral holdings as national property. The estate was sold to private buyers, but nevertheless did not last much longer: the original cadastral survey done in [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]]n times, not many years later, described it as a ruin.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of [[annexation]] of the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank by France, Haschbach belonged within the [[French First Republic]] – and then later within the [[First French Empire]] under [[Napoleon]] – to the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]], the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Kusel and the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Quirnbach. After the French were driven out, Haschbach then belonged within the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] (to which the [[Congress of Vienna]] had awarded the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]) to the ''Landkommissariat'' (district) and Canton of Kusel, and to a ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“mayoralty”) whose name changed according to where the mayor lived – sometimes in Godelhausen and sometimes in [[Theisbergstegen]] (the former is today a constituent community of the latter).

:“From Theisbergstegen, through a narrow, wooded mountain gap we reach the [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of Haschbach, whose broadly strewn homesteads gleam with bright red tile roofs over the plateau, over which, towards the east the mountain ridge already described looms.”

Thus did Franz Xaver Remling report on a visit to the Remigiusberg in 1850. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the NSDAP ([[Nazi Party]]) was becoming quite popular in Haschbach. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], only 0.6% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party, but by the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], this had grown to 11.3%. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 31.7%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. Once the [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] had been founded after the [[Second World War]] and the Palatinate had been split away from Bavaria, the broader territorial arrangements did not change at first, although from 1945 to 1949, Haschbach was itself seat of the mayoralty. Only with administrative restructuring in 1968 did Haschbach pass as an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' to the newly founded [[Kusel (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel]], with effect from 1972.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Recent times]</ref> In 1959, the municipality’s name, which hitherto had been simply Haschbach, was lengthened to the current form, Haschbach am Remigiusberg, to avoid confusion with Haschbach am Glan, an outlying centre of [[Henschtal]], which lies nearby, in the same district.

===Population development===
Until the early 20th century, the villagers earned their livelihoods mainly at [[agriculture]], although even before this, there had been workers (miners, for instance). With the rise of industry, in this region the foremost industry being stone quarrying, towards the end of the 19th century, social change became constant. Out of the farming village of Haschbach grew a village of stoneworkers where many workers long kept at their farming as a secondary occupation. They jokingly called themselves ''Steinarbeiterbauern'' – “stoneworker-farmers”. In time, though, quarrying, too, met with hard times, and rationalization measures meant that fewer workers were needed. It was therefore not hard to see that Haschbach's future would hold neither farmers nor stoneworkers. Indeed, of the 70 agricultural operations, run as either a main or secondary occupation, that existed in Haschbach in 1950, none is still in business. All were either closed or given up. While the quarry drew workers from outside the village in its heyday, today, more and more people from Haschbach must seek work elsewhere, [[commuting]] to Kusel and Kaiserslautern, or even farther afield to other industrial centres. There is little in the way of earning opportunities in Haschbach itself, for even [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service industries]] are nowadays found mostly outside the village. Today the village is held to be an aspiring rural residential community, defined by a good quality of living, and also by its proximity to the town of Kusel. The population figures show, from the early 19th century, a steady upward trend lasting through to 2000. Recently, though, stagnation seems to have set in. It is unknown how long this will last.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Haschbach am Remigiusberg, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Haschbach am Remigiusberg’s population development]</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
| '''Year''' || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1998 || 2003 || 2008
|-
| '''Total''' || 271 || 297 || 307 || 382 || 546 || 618 || 775 || 707 || 715
|-
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' || 94 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 224 ||   ||   ||  
|-
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' || 177 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 372 ||   ||   ||  
|-
| '''Other''' || – ||   ||   ||   ||   || 22 ||   ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The name “Haschbach” may derive from the [[Old High German]] ''hase'', which meant – as the same word in [[German language|Modern High German]] still means – “hare”, which would mean that the name as a whole means “Harebrook”. Indeed, a pattern is seen in other placenames combining an animal's name with the very common ''—bach'' ending: [[Rehbach]], [[Hirschbach, Bavaria|Hirschbach]], Fuchsbach (“Hindbrook”, “Hartbrook”, “Foxbrook”), etc. It was, however, the brook (''Bach'') itself that first bore the name. Only later was the name given the village that sprang up alongside.

The first syllable may, on the other hand, be a colour, from the [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] ''hasa'', ''hasan'' ([[Old English]] ''hasu''), meaning “grey”, which would mean that the name as a whole means “Greybrook”. If so, another pattern is seen when the name is put alongside [[Blaubach]], [[Elmstein|Schwarzbach]], Rotenbach (“Bluebrook”, “Blackbrook”, “Redbrook”), etc.

Researchers Dolch and Greule put forth a further idea. They do not rule out that the first syllable in the name “Haschbach” may derive from an old German personal name that only accidentally mutated into something meaning “Harebrook”.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Municipality’s name]</ref>

Even the oldest records of the name do not go far enough back, and are not clear enough, for the name's actual meaning to be precisely determined. Whatever its meaning or roots, the municipality's name underwent many changes over the ages:

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name
|- align="center"
|1149 || Habbach
|- align="center"
|1150 || Casebach
|- align="center"
|1267 || Hasebach
|- align="center"
|1364 || Haßbach
|- align="center"
|1365 || Haszbach unter dem Remigiusberg
|- align="center"
|1377 || Hayspach
|- align="center"
|1378 || Happach
|- align="center"
|1379 || Hazebach
|- align="center"
|1380 || Haspach
|- align="center"
|1381 || Haispach
|- align="center"
|1382 || Haszbach unter dem Remigiusberg
|- align="center"
|1383 || Haschbach
|- align="center"
|1384 || Remigs-Haschbach
|- align="center"
|1385 || Hasbach, Aspach, Remigshaspach
|- align="center"
|1386 || Remis Aspach
|- align="center"
|1387 || Hasbach, or Remigshaspach
|- align="center"
|1388 || Haschbach
|- align="center"
|1389 || Haschbach
|- align="center"
|1440 || Hasbach
|- align="center"
|1446 || Happach
|- align="center"
|1456 || Hazebach
|- align="center"
|1546 || Haßbach
|- align="center"
|1588 || Haßbach
|- align="center"
|1788 || Remigshaspach
|- align="center"
|1837 || Haschbach
|}

Since about 1824, the spelling has been the modern one. Locally, it is pronounced with a “long A” ({{IPA|de|ˈhaːʃbax}}).

The addition of the tag “am Remigiusberg” to the municipality's name came after council decided on 18 January 1959 to apply to change the name officially. A certificate granting this was issued on 4 November of the same year by the [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] Ministry of the Interior pursuant to “§ 4 Abs. 3” (Section 4, Paragraph 3) of the ''[[Gemeindeordnung]]''.<ref>[http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/html/haschbach.html Haschbach am Remigiusberg’s name] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120801052828/http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/html/haschbach.html |date=2012-08-01 }}</ref>

===Vanished villages===
In the municipality's southwest, near where the Münchbach rises, once stood a small village named Wetzenhausen. It was a very small place that only had its first documentary mention in the 16th century, but then late that same century, Johannes Hoffmann described it as an ''untergegangene Dorfstatt'' – a “lost village place”. This village's name can be seen in rural cadastral toponyms such as Wetschhausen or Welschhausen. The name itself might originally have referred to a man named Wezzo, and therefore would have meant “Wezzo’s Farm” or “Wezzo’s House”.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
While Haschbach, like all other villages in the ''Remigiusland'' had dues to pay to the Monastery on the Remigiusberg, it nonetheless belonged according to ecclesiastical organization to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz|Diocese of Mainz]]. The Monastery on the Remigiusberg arose as a holding of first the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Bishopric of Reims]] and then later the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] only in the earlier half of the 12th century, and all the time it had great difficulties asserting itself over the secular lordship. In the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], following the principle of ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]'', the Haschbach villagers, along with all subjects of the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], adopted the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] faith. In 1550, the Abbey of Saint-Remi under Abbot [[Robert de Lenoncourt (cardinal)|Robert de Lenoncourt]] sold the ''Remigiusland'' to the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken for a price of 8,500 [[Rhenish guilder]]s, thus [[Secularization|secularizing]] the Abbey. The Abbey's last provost, Johannes Peuchet, had died decades earlier, in 1520, but he had had a son out of wedlock who bore the same name, and who served in both [[Baumholder]] and [[Kusel]] as a Lutheran pastor. The church on the mountain, which had already been favoured as a burying place back in the time of the earlier [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], was preserved and now members of this new County of Palatinate-Veldenz were buried here, too. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], [[Benedictine]] monks temporarily moved into the monastery. Shortly thereafter, the buildings began to fall into disrepair. After the Thirty Years' War and during [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest, but mainly after 1713 after the County of Palatinate-Veldenz had passed to [[Electoral Palatinate]], the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] faith once again began to spread in Haschbach and elsewhere. The church on the Remigiusberg was assigned to the Catholics in 1724, and in 1744, the autonomous parish of St. Remigius Remigiusberg came into being. The church's maintenance was very costly, which was why even before the [[French Revolution]] a few [[zinc]] [[coffin]]s from the Electoral [[crypt]] at the provostry church were sold so that the needed renovation work could be done. When the French Revolution came, though, the comital burial place was utterly destroyed. In very recent times, those seeking to sort and identify the heaped-up comital bones have enjoyed some success. Under the Kings of [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]], the church was renovated and assigned as the [[Theisbergstegen]] Catholic congregation's community church. Catholic and [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] villagers nowadays belong to the corresponding church communities in Theisbergstegen and the corresponding deaconries of Kusel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360303400.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Haschbach am Remigiusberg's mayor is Klaus Schubinski.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''{{lang|de|Von Blau und Silber geviert, oben rechts eine silberne Kirche mit gotischem Schiff und romanischem Turm mit barocker Haube, oben links ein rotbewehrter und rotbezungter blauer Löwe, unten rechts eine doppeltürmige blaue Zinnenburg mit Tor und unten links ein silberner Fels.}}''

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Quarterly first azure a church with Gothic nave and Romanesque tower with Baroque roof argent, second argent a lion rampant of the first armed and langued gules, third argent a castle gateway with flanking towers embattled of the first and fourth azure issuant from base a crag of the second.

Looming over Haschbach is the Remigiusberg, the hub of the Remigiusland with its ''Propsteikirche'' (“Provostry Church”) and ''Michaelsburg'' ([[castle]]) held by the former ''[[Vogt|Vögte]]'', the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]]. The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]]s in the first three quarters stand for them (the lion for the Counts themselves). This mountain was, however, under threat from stone quarrying, once the mainstay of Haschbach's livelihood. The charge in sinister base, the crag, was chosen for this reason.

The arms have been borne since 5 July 1978 when they were approved by the now abolished ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/html/wappen.html Description and explanation of Haschbach am Remigiusberg’s arms] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120802075706/http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/html/wappen.html |date=2012-08-02 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Description and explanation of Haschbach am Remigiusberg’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==
[[File:Propstei Remigiusberg-03.jpg|thumb|''Propsteikirche'']]

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* Hauptstraße 34 – former [[school]]; eleven-axis [[sandstone]]-framed plastered building, 1928, architect Hermann Kohl, [[Kaiserslautern]]
* Westliche Münchtalstraße (no number) – [[spring (hydrology)|spring]] chamber; building made out of sandstone slabs, 18th century
* Former Provostry Church (''Propsteikirche''), Remigiusbergstraße – [[crossing (architecture)|crossing]] pillars, parts of the nave arcades and north flanking quire tower from the original building, 12th century; portal and [[tracery]] windows of the west façade, latter half of the 13th century; quire about 1330; [[chapel]] possibly from the 15th century; belfry with ''welsche Haube'', 18th century, façade mainly from 1845; rectory, 1842/1843, architect Johann Schmeisser, [[Kusel]]
* Chapel in the cadastral area of Tunnelplatz, halfway to the Remigiusberg – stone block building with tent roof, 1881
* Michelsburg (monumental zone) – ruin, small castle complex, built about 1260 by Count Heinrich II of Veldenz, destroyed in 1689; high wall, shielding wall, north defensive wall, remnants of a round tower; monument to [[Saint Remigius]], marked 1853, two [[neck ditch]]es

===Natural monuments===
Haschbach am Remigiusberg has an old oaktree, the ''Hubertuseiche'', which has been described as “possibly the oddest shape of tree in the Westrich”. It is very gnarled, and a writer named Julius Wilde wrote about it in 1936, naming it the ''Warzeneiche'' (“Wart Oak”). The “warts” are of course [[Burl|burrs]]. These have made any circumferential measurement of the tree rather problematic, for they have quite markedly distorted the trunk's shape: at 80 cm above the ground, the tree's girth is 4.50 m; only a bit higher, at chest-level, it measures 5.51 m; at its fattest point, about 2 m above the ground, the tree's girth reaches 6 m precisely. The ''Hubertuseiche'' stands at the edge of the Feistwald about 50 m from the Haschbach sporting ground over towards the municipal limit with Kusel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Natural monuments]</ref><ref>[http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/geschichte_eiche ''Hubertuseiche''/''Warzeneiche''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110063407/http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/geschichte_eiche |date=2015-01-10 }}</ref>

===Regular events===
Haschbach holds its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerb'') on the third weekend in July. Formerly, the festival was held in two dancehalls, but now it takes place under a great [[Pole marquee|marquee]]. The event still features the ''Straußbuben'' (“bouquet lads”) and nowadays also ''Straußmädchen'' (girls with the same function) who parade through the village, put the ''Kerwestrauß'' (“kermis bouquet”) up and hold the ''Straußrede'' (“bouquet speech”).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
The following clubs exist in Haschbach am Remigiusberg:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Clubs]</ref>
*''Angelsportverein'' – [[angling]] (conducts its activities at the pond at the former quarry)
*''FCK-Fan-Club “Belzekäppcher”'' – [[1. FC Kaiserslautern]] fan club
*''Förderverein der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr'' – volunteer [[fire brigade]] promotional association
*''Freizeitclub'' – leisure club
*''Katholische Frauengemeinschaft der Pfarrei Remigiusberg'' – [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] parish women's association
*''Landfrauenverein'' – countrywomen's club
*''Männergesangverein "Frohsinn" – men’s singing club (no longer active)
*''Obst- und Gartenbauverein'' – fruitgrowing and [[gardening]]
*''SPD-Ortsverein'' – [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] local chapter
*''Sportverein'' – [[sport club]]
*''VdK-Ortsgruppe Haschbach - Theisbergstegen'' – VdK local chapter (social advocacy group)

===Culture===
The local clubs could be said to be the village’s cultural sponsors. Nevertheless, there are also extensive cultural offerings in the district seat of Kusel, only 3 km away, with, among other things, its concerts and theatrical productions, the [[folk high school]]’s events and the district library.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Culture]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
The early inhabitants earned their living, as everywhere else, through farming. They led lives full of hardship and deprivation. Eventually, though, some found work as lime burners at brickworks around the Remigiusberg, as miners in the surrounding [[coal]] and [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] mines or as textile workers in the new mills in Kusel. Others by then might already have worked at traditional occupations such as smith, cabinetmaker, cobbler, mason and carpenter.

[[Agriculture]] in Haschbach now, however, only plays a subordinate role in the village’s economic life. Formerly the odd villager worked at the mines in the surrounding area; with the rise of the stone industry on the Dimpel in [[Rammelsbach]] and on the Remigiusberg, quarrymen predominated. Within municipal limits were three hard-stone quarries, one of which was under municipal ownership. The oldest quarry, on the left side of the road that leads to Theisbergstegen was opened in 1868 by a schoolteacher, and later ended up under the ownership of several private firms. The quarry had a [[crusher]] and until 1954 a [[Ropeway conveyor|ropeway]] link to the [[railway station]] at [[Theisbergstegen]]. At this time, almost one hundred workers from Haschbach and the surrounding area were employed. About 1950, this quarry was shut down. The municipally owned quarry on the other side of the road was opened in 1877 and had as many as 130 workers about 1938. At this quarry, work ceased soon after the [[Second World War]]. On its lands, a pond arose. The third quarry was run from 1902 to 1930 in the heights of the Remigiusberg between the church and the Michelsburg (castle). This one had to shut down in 1930 for reasons relating to monument protection.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Economic structure]</ref>

Shortly before the [[First World War]], some 80 of the village’s inhabitants were employed at the stone quarries. By this time, there were only 21 fulltime farmers. Beyond this, the local employment picture included 2 [[Shoemaking|cobbler]]s, 1 [[cabinetmaker]], 1 [[tailor]], 2 [[blacksmith]]s, 1 [[Stonemasonry|stonemason]], 1 [[midwife]], 1 [[baker]], 1 [[barber-surgeon]], 3 [[inn]]keepers, 1 [[butcher]], 1 meat inspector, 2 [[grocer]]s and 1 [[confectioner]].

After the [[Second World War]] and the downsizing of the workforce at the stone quarries, many sought work in the [[Saarland]]’s coalmines, service positions with the [[United States Armed Forces]], jobs in administration and positions in retail shops and the industrial works in the surrounding area, both nearby and farther afield. The shift in economic structure since the war has wrought a great change in Haschbach am Remigiusberg. The village is now mainly residential.<ref>[http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/html/haschbach.html Haschbach am Remigiusberg’s history] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120801052828/http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/html/haschbach.html |date=2012-08-01 }}</ref>

===Education===
The earliest beginnings of efforts to establish a school in Haschbach in the early 17th century could not be brought to fruition mainly because of the frightful events of the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Owing to Haschbach’s incorporation into the County Palatine of Veldenz, very little information has reached the present day from the time before the 19th century. Something is, however, known about school life for Haschbach children during the course of the 18th century. Until the beginning of the 19th century, Haschbach schoolchildren attended classes in [[Theisbergstegen]]. Haschbach’s first schoolhouse was opened in 1821. It did not have to be built, for the municipality simply bought an existing house and used it as a schoolhouse. A purpose-built schoolhouse, which the municipality had built, finally arose in 1878 with one classroom, a teacher’s dwelling, a stable and a barn. At that time, farming served the teacher as a secondary occupation. Only in 1928 did another schoolhouse arise, one that truly earned its name as such. It had two classrooms with [[central heating]], and even a public bath was housed in the building. The first known teacher, from 1821 to 1837, was Georg Adam Klensch. For the time that followed, all teachers’ names are known from their appearance in school journals. Some were known well beyond the village. Friedrich Forster, teacher in Haschbach from 1843 to 1850, was called to account by the [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] government for his participation in the 1849 [[Palatine Uprising]]. Fritz Kleinschmidt (1926-1929), as a well known local historian, long tended the ''Stadt- und Heimatmuseum'' (“Town and Local History Museum”) in [[Kusel]]. After the [[Second World War]], Hans Moster (1937-1939) led the well known ''Pfälzer Weinkehlchen'' (a singing club). Hermann Cassel, who compiled a paper about school in Haschbach, came in 1947. In 1966, he successfully vied for the post of headmaster at the newly formed [[Hauptschule]] in [[Altenglan]]. At this time, the Haschbach school was closed, and schoolchildren have been attending the combination [[primary school]]-Hauptschule in [[Kusel]] ever since. Also found in the district seat is every other kind of school, including a school for students with learning difficulties and a school for mentally handicapped students. For a time, the Kusel primary school used the classrooms in Haschbach for external classes. Since then, the old schoolhouse has become a village community centre.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Haschbach lies on the linking road between [[Kusel]] and [[Theisbergstegen]]. The nearest stations are [[Kusel station]], about 3 km to the north, and Theisbergstegen, about 3 km to the southeast. Kusel is the terminus of the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]] and both stations are served by [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67, called the ''Glantalbahn'' (the name of which refers to the [[Glan Valley Railway]], which shared some of the route of the Landstuhl–Kusel line, including Theisbergstegen station). To the southwest runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]), and the nearest [[interchange (road)|interchange]], “Kusel”, lies some 5 km away from the village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7527 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
* [[George Gustavus, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Georg Gustav]] (1564–1634), Count Palatine of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]]
Jacob Mueller - 1833 - 1923 Editor of the German Newspaper in Marietta, Ohio

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Haschbach am Remigiusberg}}
* [http://www.haschbach-am-remigiusberg.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=5120650/55rrrh/ Haschbach in the television programme ''Hierzuland''] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Gilching

2024-12-01T05:52:32Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Wappen Gilching.svg → File:DEU Gilching COA.svg

{{Infobox German location
|name = 
|image_coa = DEU Gilching COA.svg
|image_photo = St Vitus Gilching.JPG
|image_caption = Church of Saint Vitus
|coordinates = {{coord|48|7|00|N|11|18|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Gilching in STA.svg
|plantext = Location of Gilching within Starnberg district
|state = Bavaria
|region = Oberbayern
|district = Starnberg
|elevation = 607
|area = 31.49
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09188121
|postal_code = 82205
|area_code = 08105
|licence = STA
|website = [https://www.gilching.de/ www.gilching.de]
|mayor = Manfred Walter<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2020–26
|party = SPD
}}
'''Gilching''' is a municipality in the [[Starnberg (district)|district of Starnberg]], in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. It is situated 13 km north of [[Starnberg]], and 22 km west of [[Munich]] (centre). The quarters Argelsried, Neugilching and [[Geisenbrunn]] belong to the municipality of Gilching. Gilching can be easily reached using the Munich area public transportation. One S-Bahn Railway Station is called "Neugilching" which is directly situated at the S8 line - formerly it was the S5 line - in the "Herrsching" direction.

== History ==
The Roman road [[Via Julia]] from [[Augsburg]] to [[Salzburg]] runs through Gilching. Celtic [[Tumulus|tumul]]i and [[nemeton]]s are found in the nearby forest between Gilching and [[Schöngeising]].

The parish church St. Vitus holds a bell, the Arnoldusglocke, the oldest extant bell of Germany. It was cast between 1180 and 1187, commissioned by minister Arnoldus.

==Twin towns==
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Cecina, Tuscany|Cecina]], [[Italy]], since 1989

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
*[https://www.gilching.de/ Official homepage of Gilching]

{{Cities and towns in Starnberg (district)}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Starnberg (district)]]
[[Category:Tumuli in Germany]]

{{Starnberg-geo-stub}}

List of coats of arms with the Palatine Lion

2024-12-01T05:45:26Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Foeckelberg.jpg → File:DEU Föckelberg COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{short description|None}}

[[File:DEU Neustadt an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|thumb|125px|Palatine Lion ]]

This '''list of coats of arms bearing the Palatine Lion''' includes municipal [[coats of arms]] as well as other shields and company [[logo]]s which depict the [[Palatine Lion]].

== The Palatine Lion in coats of arms of regional bodies and administrations ==
[[File:Verbreitungskarte Pfälzer Löwe.png|thumb|300px|Distribution of the Palatine Lion emblem]]
Key to the columns
*''Status'':
**'''Federal state''' = [[States of Germany|Federal state of Germany]]
**'''Former municipality''' = former independent village parish (''Ortsgemeinde'')
**'''former prov.''' = former province (''Regierungsbezirk'' or ''Bezirk'')
**'''Higher ad.''' = higher level administration (''höhere Kommunalverwaltung'')
**'''Former co.''' = former county (''Landkreis'')
**'''parish''' = village/town district/parish and other administrative units at village level
**'''VG''' = collective municipality (''Verbandsgemeinde'')
*''Remarks'':
**Only used where there are variations from the normal design or to links to separate articles

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7"
! class="unsortable"| Coat of arms || Status || Name || VG / Co. / Prov.
! State || Remarks
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neustadt an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Heidelberg.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Heidelberg]] || Heidelberg || Baden-Württemberg || on three green hills
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Pleystein.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Pleystein]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Schriesheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schriesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || standing on two crossed diagonal arrows
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Altdorf bei Nürnberg.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Altdorf bei Nürnberg]] || Nuremberg Land || Bavaria || bearing a shield
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Altrip COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altrip]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Dilsberg.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Dilsberg]]<br />''part of [[Neckargemünd]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frankenthal COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]] || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Horschba.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Horschbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || charged with a diagonal silver wavy line
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lambsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Lambsheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen bvpfalz.jpg|50x50px]] || higher ad. || Palatinate (provincial authority) || [[Palatinate region]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rheinpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || former province || [[Circle of Rhine|Rhenish Palatinate]] || || [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bad Sobernheim (1924) COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bad Sobernheim]] || [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || bearing the [[Wheel of Mainz]] in its forepaws
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oberbayern.svg|50x50px]] || higher ad. || [[Upper Bavaria]] || || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Klosterkumbd COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Klosterkumbd]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || tail queue fourchy, bearing a golden sword
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Quirnbach (Pfalz).jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Glan-Münchweiler|VG Glan-Münchweiler]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, regardant, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Mannheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Mannheim|Mannheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ludwigshafen COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]] || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, armed gold, regardant, as shield bearer
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Flossenbürg.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Flossenbürg, Bavaria|Flossenbürg]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || crowned and armed gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hammelbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Grasellenbach|Hammelbach]]<br />''part of [[Grasellenbach]]'' || Bergstraße || Hesse ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Braunau am Inn]] || [[province Braunau am Inn]] || Upper Austria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hof2.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Hof (Saale)]] || Hof (Saale) || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lindenfels COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Lindenfels]] || [[Kreis Bergstraße|Bergstraße]] || Hesse ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lauterhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Lauterhofen]] || Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria || two lions combattant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Baden-Württemberg]] || || Baden-Württemberg || [[Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg|details]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Aspisheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Aspisheim]] || VG Sprendlingen-Gensingen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bechhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bechhofen (Pfalz)]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Edingen-Neckarhausen.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Edingen-Neckarhausen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Föckelberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Föckelberg]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || charged with a diagonal silver wavy line
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Gau-Algesheim|Gau-Algesheim]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Grafenwöhr.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Grafenwöhr]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mannheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Mannheim]] || Mannheim || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen matzenbach.jpg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Matzenbach]] || [[Landkreis Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears a golden millstone
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Nanzdietschweiler.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Nanzdietschweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Glan-Münchweiler|VG Glan-Münchweiler]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Neunkirp.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Niederkumbd.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederkumbd]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück|| Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rieschweiler-Mühlbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen LK Suedwestpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Südwestpfalz]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Moosbrunn.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Moosbrunn (Schönbrunn)|Moosbrunn]]<br />''part of [[Schönbrunn (Baden)|Schönbrunn]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, colours reversed, armed sable, langued gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Rhein-Neckar-Kreis.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] || || Baden-Württemberg || colours reversed in order to comply with [[rule of tincture]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Wagenschwend.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Wagenschwend]]<br />''part of [[Limbach (Baden)|Limbach]]'' || Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Sinsheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Sinsheim|Sinsheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dienheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dienheim]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Gondershausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Gondershausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Luetzelsachsen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Lützelsachsen]]<br />''part of [[Weinheim]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Maisborn COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Maisborn]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mendig COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Mendig]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Mendig|VG Mendig]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)|Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Upper Palatinate || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Das Wappen der Ortsgemeinde Ohmbach.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ohmbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Schönenberg-Kübelberg|VG Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oppau 1929.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ludwigshafen-Oppau|Oppau]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, 1929 to 1938
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Wiesloch.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Wiesloch]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oppau.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ludwigshafen-Oppau|Oppau]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || to 1929
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Altweidelbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altweidelbach]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Biedershausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Biedershausen]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-lohnweiler.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Lohnweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Steinalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinalben]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Traisen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Traisen (Nahe)|Traisen]] || VG Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg || Rhineland-Palatinate || crowned, bearing a grate
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-glanbruecken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberalben]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Kusel|VG Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, field azure
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mutterschied COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mutterschied]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bacharach COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bacharach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Konken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Konken]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Kusel|VG Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, field azure
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Laubach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Laubach (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || tail queue fourchy, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Blason Steinseltz 67.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinseltz|Steinselz]] || ([[Arrondissement Wissembourg|Arrondissement Weißenburg]]) || ([[Lower Alsace]]) ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen nierstein oppenheim.gif|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Nierstein-Oppenheim|Nierstein-Oppenheim]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Oberstaufenbach.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberstaufenbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bergheim (Oberbayern).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bergheim (Upper Bavaria)]] || Neuburg-Schrobenhausen || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Ilvesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ilvesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Lambsborn.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Lambsborn]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mengerschied COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mengerschied]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Obrigheim (Baden) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Obrigheim (Baden)]] || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Reifenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Reifenberg]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schefflenz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schefflenz]] || [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]] || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schmalenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schmalenberg]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben|Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Seesbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Seesbach]] || [[Landkreis Bad Kreuznach|Bad Kreuznach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || [[Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate|details]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb hessheim.jpg|50x50px]] || former collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Heßheim|Heßheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Lambsheim-Heßheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Lambsheim-Heßheim]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Kollweiler.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Kollweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Weilerbach|VG Weilerbach]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Mainz-Bingen COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Mainz-Bingen|Mainz-Bingen]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kaiserslautern COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Kaiserslautern|Kaiserslautern]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" height="55" | [[File:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Bavaria]] || || Bavaria || uncrowned, for details see [[coat of arms of Bavaria]]
|-
| align="center" height="55" | [[File:DEU Dirmstein COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dirmstein]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Kurpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || principality || [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] || || [[Holy Roman Empire]] || historic coat of arms
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Meckenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Meckenheim (Pfalz)|Meckenheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Auerbach Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Auerbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Amberg-Sulzbach || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Baernau.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bärnau]] || Tirschenreuth || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Friesenheim.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Friesenheim, Rhineland-Palatinate|Friesenheim]]<br />''part of [[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hassloch COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Haßloch]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Kemnath.png|50x50px]] || town || [[Kemnath]] || Tirschenreuth || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Mendig COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Mendig|Mendig]] || county Mayen-Koblenz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, to 1973
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Moosbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Moosbach (Oberpfalz)|Moosbach]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Neckarhausen.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Edingen-Neckarhausen|Neckarhausen]]<br />''part of [[Edingen-Neckarhausen]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niederotterbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederotterbach]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberotterbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberotterbach]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Saarpfalz-Kreis.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Saarpfalz-Kreis]] || || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Weiden in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Weiden in der Oberpfalz]] || Weiden in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Wachenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Wachenheim|Wachenheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Leimen (Baden) COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Leimen (Baden)|Leimen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrownded, colours reversed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Emmelshausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Emmelshausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Emmelshausen|VG Emmelshausen]] || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen gruenstadt-land.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Grünstadt-Land|Grünstadt-Land]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim|Tauberbischofsheim]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen thaleischweiler verb.jpg|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Thaleischweiler-Fröschen|Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Waldalgesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Waldalgesheim]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen VG Freinsheim.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Freinsheim|Freinsheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freisen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Freisen]] || [[Landkreis St. Wendel|St. Wendel]] || Saarland || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm|Nieder-Olm]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen des Saarlands.svg|50x50px]] || federal state || [[Saarland]] || || Saarland || [[Landeswappen des Saarlandes|Wappendetails]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schnaittach COA.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Schnaittach]] || Nürnberger Land || Bavaria || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Tiefenbach (Hunsrück) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Tiefenbach (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wiesbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grasellenbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Grasellenbach]] || [[Kreis Bergstraße|Bergstraße]] || [[Hesse]] ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Heltersberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heltersberg]] || VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Waldfischbach.png|50x50px]] || parish || [[Waldfischbach]]<br />''part of [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]]'' || [[Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben|VG Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Fronhofen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Fronhofen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné, tail queue fourchée
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Dachau.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Dachau, Bavaria|Dachau]] || [[Landkreis Dachau|Dachau]] || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Sandhofen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Mannheim-Sandhofen|Sandhofen]]<br />''part of [[Mannheim]]'' || Mannheim || Baden-Württemberg || a lion or contourné, armed or, uncrowned, bears a bishop's crozier
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hohenfels (Oberpfalz).svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Hohenfels (Oberpfalz)|Hohenfels]] || [[Oberpfalz]] || [[Bavaria]] || a lion or regardant, langued gules
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mussbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Mußbach (Neustadt)|Mußbach]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wallhalben COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wallhalben]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frankweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Frankweiler]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Landau-Land|VG Landau-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Gimmeldingen.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Gimmeldingen]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Haardt COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Haardt (Neustadt)|Haardt]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Heidelberg.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Heidelberg (district)|Heidelberg]] || || Baden-Württemberg ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Hof COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Hof (district)|Hof]] || Oberfranken || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Kusel COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Lachen-Speyerdorf.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Lachen-Speyerdorf]]<br />''part of [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt (Weinstr.)]]'' || Neustadt an der Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Mühldorf am Inn (district)|Mühldorf am Inn]] || Upper Bavaria || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neuerkirch COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neuerkirch]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz|Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Oberpfalz || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Tirschenreuth COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Tirschenreuth|Tirschenreuth]] || Oberpfalz || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schirmitz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schirmitz]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || contournéer Rumpf
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Barbelroth COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Barbelroth]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Birkenhördt COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Birkenhördt]] || VG Bad Bergzabern || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Neustadt Weinstraße.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned (to 2003 "Landkreis Ludwigshafen")
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Sargenroth COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Sargenroth]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Südliche Weinstraße]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Külz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Külz (Hunsrück)]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, in blue with a church
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bad Dürkheim.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Bad Dürkheim (district)|Bad Dürkheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Nohfelden COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Nohfelden]] || St. Wendel || Saarland || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach.png|50x50px]] || county || [[Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Amberg-Sulzbach || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Bammental.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bammental]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Edenkoben COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Edenkoben]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Edenkoben|VG Edenkoben]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Frankenthal COA.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Frankenthal (Pfalz) (district)|Frankenthal (Pfalz)]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:CoA Meckesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Meckesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, armed or und uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Bezirk Oberpfalz.png|50x50px]] || higher ad. || [[Upper Palatinate]] || Upper Palatinate provincial authority || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Rosenkopf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Rosenkopf]] || VG [[Zweibrücken-Land]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Schwandorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Waldhilsbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Waldhilsbach]]<br />''part of [[Neckargemünd]]'' || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Walsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Walsheim]] || VG Landau-Land || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Weinheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Weinheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Heddesheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heddesheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Krähenberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Krähenberg]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Pleizenhausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Pleizenhausen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Boehl.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Böhl-Iggelheim|Böhl]]<br />''part of [[Böhl-Iggelheim]]'' || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Brücken (Pfalz) COA.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Brücken (Pfalz)]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Schönenberg-Kübelberg|VG Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant, bears a golden hammer
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Frettenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Frettenheim]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Kuembdchen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Kümbdchen]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Lambrecht COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Lambrecht (Pfalz)|Lambrecht]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || obere Hälfte, passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Simmern COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Simmern/Hunsrück]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück|| Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Simmern COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Simmern/Hunsrück|Simmern/Hunsrück]] || Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bruck in der Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Bruck in der Oberpfalz]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schlammersdorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schlammersdorf]] || [[Neustadt an der Waldnaab]] || Bavaria || passant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Altlußheim.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Altlußheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || uncrowned demi-lion, with a bishop’s crozier
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bad Tölz.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Bad Tölz]] || [[Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] || Bavaria || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz|Ilbesheim]] || VG Landau-Land || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion from a triple hill issuant
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Selzen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Selzen]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bearing a key argent
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Alzey COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Alzey]] || [[Alzey-Worms]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Amberg COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Amberg]] || Amberg || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dorn-Duerkheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dorn-Dürkheim]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|VG Rhein-Selz]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Eimsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Eimsheim]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|VG Rhein-Selz]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Erdesbac.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Erdesbach]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenglan|VG Altenglan]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Germersheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Landkreis Germersheim|Germersheim]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-heinzenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Heinzenhausen]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hochborn COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Hochborn]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:COA Hockenheim.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Hockenheim]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Kirchenpingarten COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Kirchenpingarten]] || [[Landkreis Bayreuth|Bayreuth]] || Bavaria || demi-lion, bears a [[skep]]
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oberhochstadt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || Oberhochstadt || [[Hochstadt (Pfalz)]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bears a fusil argent (to 1969)
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schwandorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schwandorf]] || [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Sprendlingen-Gensingen COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Sprendlingen-Gensingen|Sprendlingen-Gensingen]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate || azure field
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Eslarn.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Eslarn]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Biebelnheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Biebelnheim]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Harthausen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Harthausen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || two demi-lions, c.f. the older coat of arms
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Harthausen alt.png|50x50px]] || (older coat of arms) || [[Harthausen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || 1845–1951, two uncrowned lions combattant, bearing a millstone
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Niedereisenbach.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || Niedereisenbach || [[Landkreis Kusel]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Alfeld (Mittelfranken).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Alfeld (Mittelfranken)]] || [[Landkreis Nürnberger Land|Nürnberger Land]] || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Steindorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steindorf (Schwaben)|Steindorf]] || Aichach-Friedberg || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Alzey-Land COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Alzey-Land|Alzey-Land]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Belgweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Belgweiler]] || VG Simmern/Hunsrück || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Manubach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Manubach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, bearing an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Undenheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Undenheim]] || VG Rhein-Selz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] || Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen-glanbruecken.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Glanbrücken]] || [[Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein|VG Lauterecken-Wolfstein]] || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Erharting.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Erharting]] || Mühldorf am Inn || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Höheischweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Höheischweiler]] || VG Thaleischweiler-Fröschen – Wallhalben || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb wallhalben.jpg|50x50px]] || former Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Wallhalben|Wallhalben]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Annweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Annweiler am Trifels|Annweiler am Trifels]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || Ludwigshafen || || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned, bearing a golden key
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Münchweiler am Klingbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Münchweiler am Klingbach]] || VG Annweiler am Trifels || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] || Upper Bavaria || Bavaria || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Nahe COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Nahe|Rhein-Nahe]] || Mainz-Bingen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim|Deidesheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb hettenleidelheim.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Hettenleidelheim|Hettenleidelheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niederheimbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niederheimbach]] || VG Rhein-Nahe || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Albersweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Albersweiler]] || VG Annweiler am Trifels || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, contourné, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Schwetzingen.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Schwetzingen]] || Rhein-Neckar-Kreis || Baden-Württemberg || contourné, uncrowned, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freinsheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[Freinsheim]] || Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate || contourné, demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Bad-Bergzabern COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Bad Bergzabern|Bad Bergzabern]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate || demi-lion, uncrowned, contourné
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Laaber.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Laaber]] || Regensburg || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Baar (Schwaben).svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Baar (Schwaben)|Baar]] || [[Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg|Aichach-Friedberg]] || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Schwarzenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Schwarzenbach (Oberpfalz)]] || Neustadt an der Waldnaab || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Hirschbach (Oberpfalz).png|50x50px]] || village || [[Hirschbach (Oberpfalz)|Hirschbach]] || [[Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach|Amberg-Sulzbach]] || Bavaria || head only
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Burglengenfeld.svg|50x50px]] || market town || [[Burglengenfeld]] || Schwandorf || Bavaria || head only, cabossed
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mörsch 1919-1987.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Mörsch (Frankenthal)|Mörsch]]<br />''part of [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]]'' || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Mörsch.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Mörsch (Frankenthal)|Mörsch]]<br />''part of [[Frankenthal (Pfalz)]]'' || Frankenthal (Pfalz) || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Oggersheim1.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Oggersheim]]<br />part of ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein|Ludwigshafen]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grevenhausen.png|50x50px]] || town district || [[Lambrecht (Pfalz)|Grevenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Lambrecht (Pfalz)]]'' || Ludwigshafen || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Wachenheim an der Weinstraße]]|| Bad Dürkheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Rockenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landkreis Rockenhausen]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Niedermoschel COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Niedermoschel]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberndorf (Pfalz) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)|Oberndorf]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Sitters COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Sitters, Germany|Sitters]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Einselthum COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Einselthum]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Mörsfeld COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Mörsfeld]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen verb rockenhausen.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rockenhausen|Rockenhausen]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dielkirchen COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dielkirchen]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Gundersweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Gundersweiler]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ransweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ransweiler]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ruppertsecken COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Ruppertsecken]] || Donnersbergkreis || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bellheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Bellheim]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Berg (Pfalz) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Berg (Pfalz)]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Neuburg am Rhein COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Neuburg am Rhein]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Erlenbach bei Kandel.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Erlenbach bei Kandel]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Winden.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] || Germersheim || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen bruchmuhlbach vg.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Bruchmühlbach-Miesau|Bruchmühlbach-Miesau]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Bruchmühlbach-Miesau.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Bruchmühlbach-Miesau]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Frankelbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Frankelbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen ramstein miesenbach verb.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Ramstein-Miesenbach|Ramstein-Miesenbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Hütschenhausen.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Hütschenhausen]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Huetschenhausen-alt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Katzenbach (Huetschenhausen).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen|Katzenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Spesbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hütschenhausen|Spesbach]]<br />part of ''[[Hütschenhausen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Niedermohr.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Niedermohr]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Niedermohr-alt.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Niedermohr]]<br />part of ''[[Niedermohr]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Reuschbach.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Niedermohr|Reuschbach]]<br />part of ''[[Niedermohr]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen von Ramstein-Miesenbach.png|50x50px]] || village || [[Ramstein-Miesenbach]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Ramstein.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Ramstein-Miesenbach|Ramstein]]<br />part of ''[[Ramstein-Miesenbach]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen steinwenden.jpg|50x50px]] || village || [[Steinwenden]] || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Steinwenden]]-Weltersbach<br />part of ''[[Steinwenden]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Sin escudo.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Steinwenden|Weltersbach]]<br />part of ''[[Steinwenden]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Reichenbach (Reichenbach-Steegen) COA.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Reichenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Reichenbach-Steegen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Fockenberg-Limbach COA.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Reichenbach-Steegen|Fockenberg-Limbach]]<br />part of ''[[Reichenbach-Steegen]]'' || Kaiserslautern || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Zweibruecken.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Zweibrücken (district)|Zweibrücken]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Battweiler COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Battweiler]] || Südwestpfalz || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Bergzabern.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Bad Bergzabern (district)|Bad Bergzabern]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Landkreis Landau.png|50x50px]] || former co. || [[Landau (district)|Landau]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Grafenhausen (Annweiler am Trifels).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Annweiler am Trifels|Gräfenhausen]]<br />part of ''[[Annweiler am Trifels]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Dörrenbach COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Dörrenbach]] || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rechtenbach (Schweigen-Rechtenbach).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach|Rechtenbach]]<br />part of ''[[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Muehlhofen (Billigheim-Ingenheim).png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Billigheim-Ingenheim|Mühlhofen]]<br />part of ''[[Billigheim-Ingenheim]]'' || Südliche Weinstraße || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Hallgarten COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Hallgarten (Pfalz)|Hallgarten]] || Bad Kreuznach || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Oberhausen an der Nahe COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Oberhausen an der Nahe]] || Bad Kreuznach || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Sankt Ingbert COA.svg|50x50px]] || former co. || [[St. Ingbert (district)|St. Ingbert]] || || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Bliesdalheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Bliesdalheim]]<br />part of ''[[Gersheim]]'' || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU St.Ingbert COA.svg|50x50px]] || town || [[St. Ingbert]] || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU_Hassel_(Saar)_COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Hassel (Saar)|Hassel]]<br />part of ''[[St. Ingbert]]'' || Saarpfalz-Kreis || Saarland ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Landkreis Bad Kreuznach COA.svg|50x50px]] || county || [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] || || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen VG Traben-Trabach v2.jpg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Verbandsgemeinde Traben-Trarbach|Traben-Trarbach]] || Kreis Bernkastel-Wittlich || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Pfalzdorf COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Pfalzdorf]]<br />''part of [[Goch]]'' || Kreis Kleve || North Rhine-Westphalia ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Ibersheim COA.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Worms-Ibersheim|Ibersheim]]<br />''part of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]'' || Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Rheinduerkheim.png|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Worms, Germany|Rheindürkheim]]<br />''part of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]'' || Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate ||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Albig COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Albig]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate|| demi-lion
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Freimersheim (Rheinhessen) COA.svg|50x50px]] || village || [[Freimersheim (Rheinhessen)]] || Alzey-Worms || Rhineland-Palatinate|| holding the letter "F" in its forepaws
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU VG Rheinauen COA.svg|50x50px]] || collective municipality || [[Rheinauen (Verbandsgemeinde)|Rheinauen]] || Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis || Rhineland-Palatinate || uncrowned, bears an escutcheon
|-
| align="center" | [[File:DEU Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz COA.svg|50x50px]] || Verbandsgemeinde || [[Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz|Rhein-Selz]] || Landkreis Mainz-Bingen ||Rheinland-Pfalz||
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Wappen Merzhausen rgb.svg|50x50px]] || former municipality || [[Merzhausen (Usingen)|Merzhausen]]<br />''part of [[Usingen]]'' || [[Hochtaunuskreis]] || Hesse ||
|}

== The Palatine Lion in coats of arms of the German Armed Forces ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7"
! class="unsortable"| Coat of arms || Unit || Location
|-
| align="center" | [[File:LKdo Rheinland-Pfalz.gif|30px]] || ''[[Landeskommando]]'' of Rhineland-Palatinate || in [[Mainz]] in the [[Generalfeldzeugmeister]] Barracks
|}

== See also ==
* [[Electoral Rhenish Circle]]

* Wappenbuch des Landkreises Cochem-Zell, Darmstadt 2001, v. Alfons Friderichs, {{ISBN|3-00-008064-3}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.heidelberginfo.co.za/UK/Logo.awp Heidelberg, Western Cape, South Africa]

{{Commons category|Lion of Palatinate in heraldry }}

[[Category:Armorials|Palatine Lion]]
[[Category:History of the Palatinate (region)|Palatine Lion list]]
[[Category:Culture of the Palatinate (region)|Palatine Lioni list]]
[[Category:Electoral Palatinate]]

Föckelberg

2024-12-01T05:45:23Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Foeckelberg.jpg → File:DEU Föckelberg COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Föckelberg COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|31|28|N|7|29|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Föckelberg in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 380-465
|area = 3.97
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06385
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 025
|mayor = Frank Winter<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Föckelberg''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] between roughly 400 and 450 m above [[sea level]]. Indeed, within Föckelberg's limits is found a peak of 562.5 m on the road leading from Mühlbach (an ''[[Ortsteil]]'' of [[Altenglan]]) to [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg|Neunkirchen]] and onwards round the peak to [[Matzenbach|Gimsbach]]. This is the [[Potzberg]], upon which stands the 35 m-tall [[Potzberg Tower]]. The distance to the Potzberg from the village is roughly 1 km [[as the crow flies]] and 2 km by road. From the village itself, there is an outstanding view of the mountainous countryside east of the Potzberg. Föckelberg shares the ''Wildpark Potzberg'' (game park) with [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]]. The municipal area measures 209 ha, of which 95 ha is wooded and roughly 3 ha is settled.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Föckelberg borders in the north on the municipality of [[Bosenbach]], in the east on the municipality of [[Niederstaufenbach]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Oberstaufenbach]], in the south on the municipality of [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]], in the west on the municipality of [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] and in the northwest on the municipality of [[Altenglan]].

===Constituent communities===
Also belonging to Föckelberg is the outlying homestead of Potzberghotel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Constituent communities]</ref>

===Municipality’s layout===
Föckelberg is a linear village – by some definitions, a “thorpe” – with a loose built-up area; from the [[Middle Ages]] onwards, it was a village characterized purely by [[agriculture]]. The homesteads stood either side of the road. When many [[Mercury (element)|quicksilver]] mines opened around the Potzberg's peak in the latter half of the 18th century, workers also settled in Föckelberg, and the population figure rose noticeably. Nevertheless, the built-up area did not expand appreciably, for the miners built their houses between the homesteads that were already standing. There has never been a [[church (building)|church]] in Föckelberg. Of all the public buildings, only the former schoolhouse, which has been converted into a village community centre, is worthy of note. The graveyard lies in the village's south end at the side of the road that leads to [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]]. The village sporting ground lies almost at the end of the road that runs up to the Potzberg's peak.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Without a doubt, the area around Föckelberg was already settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]]. Today, however, [[Archaeology|archaeologists]] can no longer tell, short of conducting digs, which of the many mounds on the Potzberg are [[Celts|Celtic]] [[Tumulus|barrows]] and which are [[Tailings|tailing]] heaps from the former mining industry. Experts do not even agree on whether there are indeed barrows among these mounds. In [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, too, the area around Föckelberg was settled, bearing witness to which are some archaeological finds from that time made in the neighbouring village of Neunkirchen.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Just when Föckelberg first arose as a village cannot be determined today. Places with names ending in ''—berg'' only arose, going by what is commonly known, quite late, often only in the 10th century. According to old border descriptions of the ''Remigiusland'', the village lay outside the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Reims]] holdings in the Westrich, an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and [[France]], and thus in the Free [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''Reichsland'') in the broad area surrounding the Royal [[Castle]] Lautern. This ''Reichsland'' was pledged from Imperial power to territorial princes during the reigns of Emperors [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Ludwig IV]] (“the Bavarian”; 1314–1347) and [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Karl IV]] (1346-1378). Thus, all villages in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Reichenbach passed in 1345 as an Imperial pledge to Count Georg I of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]]. Even though Föckelberg's first documentary mention would not come until 1397, this certainly included Föckelberg, for it had existed for a few centuries already before its first mention. The Imperial pledge was never redeemed by the Holy Roman Empire, and so all these villages, along with Föckelberg, remained under the Counts of Veldenz. In 1444, [[Frederick III, Count of Veldenz]], the last from the [[Hohengeroldseck]] family to rule the county, died without a male heir; the county passed to his son-in-law [[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken]] (son of [[Rupert, King of Germany]]), widower of Frederick's daughter, [[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna of Veldenz]]. Stephen, combining his lands, created the new [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]], which in the fullness of time came to be known as the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
Like all villages in the area, Föckelberg, too, saw a great deal of suffering in the 17th century's wars, namely the [[Thirty Years' War]] and [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest. Details of the misfortunes wrought upon Föckelberg itself in these wars are unknown, but something does survive from that time: a ''Huberweistum'' (a ''Huber'' was a farmer who owned a whole [[Hide (unit)|hide]] of land, while a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times) from the municipality of Föckelberg. The Föckelberg ''Weistum'' was set down in writing in 1671. The first part deals with the redefinition of the hides (fields) within municipal limits, and then the document goes on to lay down the rules of conduct for the farmers. It was presented to the farmers each year on [[Thomas the Apostle|Saint Thomas's]] Day (then 21 December) on the occasion of the walking of the fields. In 1543, [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]], transferred to his uncle and former [[regent]] [[Rupert, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Rupert]] holdings so that he could found his own county palatine. Belonging to this were [[Veldenz]] on the [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]], the ''Ämter'' of Lauterecken and Reichenbach, the Remigiusberg and later also Lützelstein (now called [[La Petite-Pierre]]) in [[Alsace]]. The residence town was at first [[Lauterecken]]. The line of the Counts Palatine of Veldenz-Lauterecken-Lützelstein died out in 1694, and the County Palatine of Veldenz passed in 1717, after disagreements between [[Electoral Palatinate]] and [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], to Electoral Palatinate, although this was only made permanent in 1733 by the Mannheim Treaty of Succession. In line with this development, Föckelberg belonged from 1344 to 1444 to the old [[County of Veldenz]], from 1444 to 1543 to the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, from 1543 to 1694 to the new County Palatine of Veldenz, and beginning in 1733 to Electoral Palatinate. In 1788, Föckelberg was mentioned in Goswin Widder's ''Geographische Beschreybung der Kurpfalz'' (“Geographical Description of Electoral Palatinate”). This says, among other things: “Föckelberg is a midsize village at the Potzberg. … The population of this village is made up of 39 families, 176 souls, the buildings of 30 private and 3 common houses, the municipal area of 501 ''Morgen'' in cropfields, 110 ''Morgen'' in meadows and 406 ''Morgen'' in woodland. Found on the Potzberg is a quicksilver mine, called Elisabethengrube, from which in the year 1477, 2,520 pounds of quicksilver was mined.” The “common houses” to which Widder referred (''gemeine Häuser'' in the original [[German language|German]] text) may have been buildings available for use to all villagers, for instance, the herdsman's house or the bakehouse. Electoral Palatinate rule came to an end when [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] marched into Germany in the late 18th century.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
The Revolutionary troops [[Military occupation|occupied]] the German lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank and [[Annexation|annexed]] them to [[France]]. After a thorough territorial reorganization in 1801, Föckelberg belonged to the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Neunkirchen, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein, the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]), whose seat was at [[Mainz]]. In the [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] time that followed, beginning in 1816, the village belonged within the ''Bayerischer Rheinkreis'' (the bulk of the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] that the [[Congress of Vienna]] had awarded to the Kingdom of Bavaria) to the ''Landkommissariat'' of Kusel, the canton of Wolfstein and the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Neunkirchen.

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) had variable fortunes in Föckelberg. In the [[German federal election, 1928|1928 Reichstag elections]], 37.1% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party (as against the national average of 2.6%<ref>[http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Deutschland/RT4.html German Federal Election results, 1928]</ref>) while only 1.8% went to the [[Communist Party of Germany|Communists]] (as against the national average of 10.6%<ref>[http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Deutschland/RT4.html German Federal Election results, 1928]</ref>). By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had shrunk to 23.0% while the Communists’ share of the vote had risen greatly to 22.1%. The Nazis nevertheless prevailed in the end, and Hitler's success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. Among other things, Hitler banned the Communist Party of Germany.

Only after the [[Second World War]] was there another territorial reorganization. The Palatinate was now grouped into the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. The ''Bürgermeisterei'' of Neunkirchen, though, remained in force until the 1968 administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate. After its dissolution, Föckelberg became an ''Ortsgemeinde'' within the [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
Originally it was first and foremost farmers and forestry workers who lived in Föckelberg, and for a while also miners who worked the Potzberg's [[Mercury (element)|quicksilver]] mines. Only for the time since the late 18th century are population figures available. These show that in a span of less than 50 years (1788 to 1825), the population grew more than twofold. This growth arose not only from natural growth, but also from a change in economic conditions, namely the expansion of mercury mining on the Potzberg. This mining expansion might partly explain the peak in Föckelberg's population of 444 in 1905, although by that time, most of the mines on the mountain had been shut down. This, of course, led to shrinking population figures right up until the years following the [[Second World War]]. The newer rise in population since 1960 can be ascribed to the village's relatively favourable location near the centres of [[Kusel]] and [[Kaiserslautern]]. Nevertheless, a stagnation in population growth may now be noted. Over time, the original commercial relationships have changed utterly. There are nowadays only a few [[Agriculture|agricultural]] operations still in business in Föckelberg, and all are worked as secondary occupations, and this has even brought about a turnover in population, with long established families’ younger members moving away and new families moving into Föckelberg. Most members of the workforce must seek work elsewhere, such as in towns like Kaiserslautern and Kusel.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Föckelberg:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Föckelberg’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1788 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1950 || 1961 || 1970 || 1978 || 1988 || 2003
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 176 || 373 || 433 || 417 || 444 || 379 || 375 || 401 || 430 || 406 || 426 || 396
|}

===Municipality’s name===
In 1397, Föckelberg had its first documentary mention as ''Fockelnberg''. Other names that the village has borne over time are ''Feckelnberg'' (1460), ''Fuckelnberg'' (1483) and ''Feckelburg'' (1571). The name used today first showed up in 1788 in Goswin Widder's writings and became current in the 19th century. According to researchers Dolch and Greule, the name means “Fockilo’s settlement” or “Fockilo’s field”, making no apparent reference to the placename ending ''—berg'', which means “mountain” in [[German language|German]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
No vanished villages are known to have lain within Föckelberg's current limits, but Goswin Widder, writing in 1788, mentioned a ''Wüsthube'' (roughly, a hide of land where a village once stood), but he did not elaborate.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
From the village's founding, the villagers of Föckelberg belonged to a parish whose seat was [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]]. Sometime before the 14th century, this parish of the “new church” (''neue Kirche'' in modern German, the same roots having given rise to the name “Neunkirchen”) was made partly subject to the parish of Deinsberg ([[Theisbergstegen]]). With the permanent introduction of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] into the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]] about 1537, all subjects [[Forced conversion|had to]] adopt [[Martin Luther]]’s teachings as their [[Lutheranism|faith]], and this included everybody in Föckelberg. Unlike what later happened in Palatinate-Zweibrücken, there was no further [[Religious conversion|conversion]] to [[Calvinism]] in the County Palatine of Veldenz-Lützelstein, to which Föckelberg belonged as of 1543. Thus, for the time being, all the villagers clung to Lutheranism. From this time comes a story that tells of how the pastor always rode in a [[Barouche|calèche]] from Theisbergstegen to a certain oaktree in the Föckelberger Wald (forest), when he wanted to hold church services in [[Bosenbach]]. The people of Bosenbach would likewise come to this tree, the ''Kalescheiche'' (“Calèche Oak”), to pick the pastor up there. This oaktree was felled during the [[Second World War]] because it had become dangerous owing to the ravages of age.

Mostly by migration, Calvinists began to become bit by bit more numerous in the Potzberg area, and therefore, their [[Reformed churches|Reformed]] faith based on [[John Calvin]]’s teachings became more widespread. Calvin’s followers stood in stark contrast to the Lutherans. Like them, the Calvinists were tied to a mother church in Neunkirchen. With the 1819 [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Union, these two denominations were merged. With the outbreak of [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV’s]] wars of conquest, [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], too, was once again being promoted. Today, the population is mostly [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]], but as early as 1825, one third of the population was once again Catholic. This ratio is little changed today. Föckelberg’s Protestants, like the ones in [[Niederstaufenbach]], belong to the parish of Neunkirchen and the deaconry of Kusel, while the Catholics belong to the parish of Reichenbach.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360102500.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Föckelberg’s mayor is Frank Winter, and his deputies are Gunter Liesenfeld and Klaus Klein.<ref>[http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/foeckelberg/verwaltung/ Föckelberg’s council]</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality’s [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per pale Or in base a mount of three issuant from which the Potzbergturm vert and sable a lion rampant of the first armed, langued and crowned gules.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] on the dexter (armsbearer’s right, viewer’s left) side is the Potzbergturm, a lookout tower that stands on top of the Potzberg and serves as a prominent local landmark. The “mount of three” (called a ''[[trimount|Dreiberg]]'' in [[German heraldry]]), the three-knolled hill from which the tower emerges, represents this mountain, and is also [[Canting arms|canting]] for the last syllable in the village's name, ''—berg'', which means “mountain” in [[German language|German]] (curiously, one source describes this charge as a “treetop”<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 “Dreiberg” described as a “Baumwipfel”]</ref>). The lion on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side stands for [[Electoral Palatinate]], which exercised authority in Föckelberg under the [[Holy Roman Empire|Old Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/foeckelberg/ |title=Description and explanation of Föckelberg’s arms |access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118050320/http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/foeckelberg/ |archive-date=2016-01-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On the other hand, it is the [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]] lion, and not only Electoral Palatinate but also Palatinate-Zweibrücken and Palatinate-Veldenz, to both of which Föckelberg belonged after 1444, were Wittelsbach domains. The arms have been borne since 1975 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Description and explanation of ’s arms]</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Coat of arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Buildings===
The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Kusel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Kusel district]</ref>
* At Brunnenstraße 3 – stone oven pedestal, marked 1771, oven slab, marked 1720
* At Eckstraße 9 – oven slab, marked 1720, stone oven pedestal
* At Hofgartenstraße 1 – stone oven pedestal, marked 1802

===Regular events===
Föckelberg holds its [[kermis]] (church consecration festival) on the fourth weekend in July. There are no longer any particularly old customs observed in the village.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
For a relatively small village, Föckelberg has several clubs worth mentioning:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Clubs]</ref>
* [[Sport club]]
* Singing club
* Countrywomen’s club
* Fruitgrowing and [[gardening]] club

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Originally, Föckelberg was a purely [[Agriculture|agricultural]] village. With the opening of the [[Mercury (element)|quicksilver]] mines in the Potzberg area, workers’ families also settled here. In 1930, some 37% of the population worked at agriculture for their primary source of income. From statistics published in 1970 by the ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' it can be noted that even then, 60% of the population were still somehow tied to agriculture. By then, though, the number of agricultural operations being worked as primary income sources had shrunk greatly, and working the land as a secondary occupation had become the norm. The decline of farming in Föckelberg has since progressed, and so most people seeking a livelihood nowadays must [[Commuting|commute]] to jobs outside the village, mainly to the region around [[Kusel]] and to [[Kaiserslautern]]. Also of undoubted importance is [[tourism]], mainly in connection with the Potzberg's summit with its mountain [[hotel]], its lookout tower and its animal park.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
About schooling in Föckelberg little is known. It is likely, though, that there was a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare) in the village as early as the 18th century. Regular year-round schooling was introduced only in the 19th century. In 1897, the village got a schoolhouse that for the local circumstances at that time was big. It was also built to a striking [[Architecture|architectural]] design. In this building, all schoolchildren were taught in one room. After the [[Hauptschule]] students began attending classes in [[Altenglan]] in 1968, two [[primary school]] classes at first remained in Föckelberg, forming together with two other classes in [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] a single-stream primary school system. Since then, these two classes have been dissolved, and the schoolhouse has been converted into a village community centre. Primary school pupils nowadays attend classes in nearby Neunkirchen, while Hauptschule students attend the [[Regionale Schule]] in Altenglan. Higher schools ([[Realschule]], [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] and [[vocational school]]s) can be found in Kusel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Föckelberg lies on ''Kreisstraße'' (District Road) 34 (locally known as Hauptstraße), which leads from [[Altenglan]] to [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] and ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 364. Another ''Kreisstraße'', number 35, branches off from ''Kreisstraße'' 34 in Föckelberg's north end and leads up to the Potzberg's summit. It is some 10 km to both the nearest [[Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s, the one at Kusel and the one at [[Glan-Münchweiler]], on the [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]), which runs to the southwest. The one at Kaiserslautern West (Vogelweh) lies 32 km away.

Serving nearby [[Altenglan]] is [[Altenglan station]], about 6 km away, on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]]. There are hourly trains at this [[Railway station|station]] throughout the day, namely [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67 between [[Kaiserslautern Central Station|Kaiserslautern]] and [[Kusel station|Kusel]], named ''[[Glan Valley Railway|Glantalbahn]]'' after a former railway line that shared a stretch of its tracks with the Landstuhl–Kusel railway.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
Alois Kraemer (b. 1899 in Föckelberg; d. 1983 in [[Landau]]) – [[jurist]], “state scientist” and politician; editor at [[newspaper]]s that were suppressed during the time of the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] for political reasons, printing shop (which was likewise shut down) owner; after the [[Second World War]], as member of the [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]], deputy mayor (''Bürgermeister'') and later chief mayor (''Oberbürgermeister'') of Landau, honorary citizen of the town and bearer of the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] (Grand Cross).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7514 Famous people]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160118050320/http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/foeckelberg/ Föckelberg in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2349428/btt0mx/ Brief portrait of Föckelberg with film] at [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fockelberg}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Etschberg

2024-11-30T06:47:17Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Etschber.jpg → File:DEU Etschberg COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Etschberg COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|30|50|N|7|25|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Etschberg in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 370
|area = 3.46
|postal_code = 66871
|area_code = 06381
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 024
|website = [http://www.etschberg.net/ www.etschberg.net]
|mayor = Christoph Schneider<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}

'''Etschberg''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies in the Kusel ''[[Musikantenland]]'' (“Minstrels’ Land") in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]], in the northerly shelter of a ridge stretching southeastwards from the 402 m-high Odersberg (or Ödesberg). The Rödelsbach (brook) touches the village along the northern edge, then flowing east to the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]]. Surrounded by gardens and meadows with many fruit trees, Etschberg lies in a relatively small municipal area with an elevation ranging from 220 to 320 m above [[sea level]]. The broader area is rich in woodlands. Within the municipal area, the highest elevation is 380 m above sea level. An outstanding view over the village and the mountains of the Westrich, an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and [[France]], can be had from the 402-metre-high peak of the Kreuzberg, although that lies outside the municipal limits in the neighbouring municipality of [[Schellweiler]]. The municipal area measures 345 ha, of which 107 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Etschberg borders in the north on the municipality of [[Haschbach am Remigiusberg]], in the east on the municipality of [[Theisbergstegen]], in the south on the municipality of [[Rehweiler]], in the southwest on the municipality of [[Hüffler]] and in the west on the municipality of [[Schellweiler]].

===Municipality’s layout===
Originally, the houses in Etschberg stretched along a single road from the dale high up the slope. Since this road was from beginning to end rather steep and since in the days of [[Working animal|draught animals]] this resulted in torment for the teams carting goods up the slope, a bypass road was built to the east around the village in the years 1924 to 1928. To this day, it is still called the ''neue Straße'' (“new road”). Besides [[Agriculture|agricultural]] estates from the 19th century, there are also workers’ houses, among which are so-called ''Musikantenhäuser'' (houses built by the travelling musicians, who were once quite numerous hereabouts). Among the newest houses are single-family dwellings. Because of the villagers’ readiness to beautify their village, favoured by the intact infrastructure, the village had some great successes between 1972 and 1981 in the contest ''Unser Dorf soll schöner werden'' (“Our village should become lovelier”). Etschberg was four times district winner as well placing high on other occasions, coming in second in regional and state competition. To a great extent through their own work, villagers have built a graveyard hall, a new sporting ground with a clubhouse, a children's playground, a grilling pavilion, a village fountain and a village community centre with a multipurpose hall. The graveyard lies at the northern entrance to the village. The sporting ground with its clubhouse is laid out on the heights above the village next to the ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' that runs towards Schellweiler.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
The Etschberg area was settled in both [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] and [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] times, bearing witness to which are local [[Archaeology|archaeological]] finds. These mainly take the shape of the [[Iron Age]] [[Tumulus|barrows]] below the Kreuzberg's peak within Schellweiler's municipal limits, another in the cadastral area called Winterhell within [[Kusel]]’s limits, the cremation graveyard within [[Haschbach am Remigiusberg|Haschbach's]] limits and finds from [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, foremost those unearthed in and around the neighbouring town of Kusel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Etschberg was founded at an unknown time, at least 200 years before its thus far first known documentary mention from 1364. Etschberg lay in the so-called ''Remigiusland'', which was transferred in 1112 to the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] as a ''Schutz[[vogt]]ei'' (that is, the Counts became its protectors). According to the 1364 document, all villages in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Altenglan-Brücken, and thus also Etschberg, had to materially support the newlyweds Heinrich III of Veldenz and Lauretta of Sponheim, who had chosen [[Lichtenberg Castle (Palatinate)|Lichtenberg Castle]] as their seat. Surviving is a [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] ''Weistum'' (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times) from Etschberg whose text likely dates from the 16th century (1546?). Even before Etschberg was mentioned, the name of the now vanished village of Leidenstall cropped up in a document, according to which the villages of Leidenstall and Eisenbach were to pay a tax of seven solidi in [[Electorate of Trier|Electoral-Trier]] currency to the ''[[Schultheiß]]'' of Kusel. In 1546, the ''Leidenstaller Hube'' (a rural area) was still mentioned; it had to pay 28 ''Mittel'' of [[oats]] to the Gracious Lord. Etschberg remained with the County of Veldenz until 1444 when the last count died without a male heir. His daughter Anna inherited the county, but not the comital title. Her husband Count Palatine Stephan then took it and, combining it with his own holdings, founded the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]], which would come to be known as the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
Etschberg shared Palatinate-Zweibrücken's history until that state was swept away in the events of the [[French Revolution]]. There is no record of how many villagers survived the grimmest times in the [[Thirty Years' War]]; it could not have been many. Nevertheless, the 1646 Kusel church register lists a marriage, and each year, children were regularly being born. On the other hand, since no burials are listed until 1668 (twenty years after the war ended), it can be assumed that the villagers back then were young families who had come to Etschberg to repopulate it. As a result of [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] wars of conquest, Etschberg was listed in 1775 as “burnt”. During the 18th century the village recovered.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
Etschberg lay in French times from 1801 to 1814 in the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Sarre (department)|Sarre]], the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Birkenfeld, the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Kusel and the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Quirnbach. In the time that followed, when the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] held sway, it lay within the ''Bayerischer Rheinkreis'' – the part of the Rhineland that the [[Congress of Vienna]] had awarded to Bavaria – in the ''Landkommissariat'' (district), Canton and ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Kusel. During the 1849 [[Revolutions of 1848 in the German states|Palatine-Badish Uprising]], the cantonal defence board gathered together 19 young men who had been recruited for the first contingent of Revolutionary troops. In the course of the events, which did not go the Revolutionaries’ way, these men were, however, not deployed.

In the early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) became somewhat popular in Etschberg. In the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], 11% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party while 52.5% went to the [[Communist Party of Germany|Communists]]. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 35.9% while the Communists’ share of the vote had risen slightly to 54.7%. The Nazis nevertheless prevailed in the end, and Hitler's success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. Among other things, Hitler banned the Communist Party of Germany.

Administrative structure underwent no appreciable change until administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], in the course of which Etschberg became an ''Ortsgemeinde'' in the [[Kusel (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel]] in 1972.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
Population figures for the [[Middle Ages]] are not available. According to the so-called 1609 ''Konker Protokolle'' ([[Konken]] Protocols), there were 11 families living in Etschberg in that year, with 48 inhabitants, among them 22 married people, one [[widow]], 22 children, a manservant and two maidservants. Among these families, one man exercised the function of [[Censorship|censor]], and two men were [[butcher]]s by trade. There was only one farmer, but there were also one [[blacksmith]], two [[bricklayer]]s, one [[coppersmith]], one [[Gardening|gardener]], one [[Shoemaking|shoemaker]] and one [[knacker]]. Thus, even before the [[Thirty Years' War]], [[agriculture]] was not pronounced in Etschberg, although it was certain that, through the one farmer that they had, all families worked at farming as a secondary occupation. After the Thirty Years' War, there were newcomers to the village, who came to replace those lost in the war. Nevertheless, there were still only 25 people living in the village by 1675 (27 years after the war had ended). It is worth noting, though, that during the 17th century, 25 families [[Emigration|emigrated]] to various countries. During the great population growth in the 18th century, during which hardly any emigration was recorded, Etschberg grew into one of the biggest villages around Kusel. The industrial village of Rammelsbach was the only one that saw greater growth in its population figures. It must be borne in mind that even as early as the 18th century, only a small share of the inhabitants could earn their livelihood at farming. Etschberg was developing into a workers’ village, and beginning in the 19th century, it was becoming a centre of the ''Wandermusikantentum'', the industry of travelling musicians. This influenced the whole municipality, with the musicians’ urbane manner serving as a model to the farming and working-class youth. In the time before the [[Second World War]], the travelling musician industry came to an end. Today, Etschberg is mainly a community for people who must seek their livelihoods outside the village. Population growth is nowadays not as strong as it was in bygone days, but at least the figures are not shrinking, as they are all too swiftly elsewhere in the district.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Etschberg, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Etschberg’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1609 || 1675 || 1704 || 1802 || 1825 || 1835 || 1871 || 1905 || 1939 || 1961 || 1971 || 1982 || 2002
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 48 || 25 || 30 || 228 || 349 || 397 || 509 || 517 || 623 || 693 || 651 || 663 || 716
|- align="center"
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' ||   ||   ||   ||   || 14 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 27 ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' ||   ||   ||   ||   || 335 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 665 ||   ||   ||  
|- align="center"
| '''Other''' ||   ||   ||   ||   || – ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1 ||   ||   ||  
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The village's name is made up of the placename ending ''—berg'' (“mountain” in [[German language|German]]) with the prefix ''Etsch—'', which stems from an old German verb ''etzen'', a word that meant “eat” (''essen'' in Modern High German), “browse” (''äsen'') or “feed” (''atzen''; used when speaking of young birds) among other things, and thus it refers to animals feeding, and the name would mean a meadow or grazing land that lies at a mountain. Etschberg's 1364 first documentary mention in a [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]] document rendered the name ''Etzberg'', a spelling that also cropped up in a series of later documents (1460, 1482, 1593). Other names that the village has borne over the ages are ''Etzberke'' (1446), ''Exeberg'' (1458), ''Etzburg'' (1482), ''Etßberg'' (1546), ''Etzschbergk'' (1619) and Etschberg (1785).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
The former village of Leidenstall, whose name still appears in the rural cadastral toponym “Leidstaler Hube”, lay to the municipal area's south, so as to be within [[Rehweiler]]’s limits. It was mentioned as early as 1270 as ''Leudenstall'', a name perhaps meaning “Luido’s Farm” (''Stall'' was a word meaning “place”; compare the Modern High German ''Stelle''). The shift from ''—stall'' to ''—tal'' (as in the cadastral name) came only later. Later names for the place were ''Laidensthal'' (1446), ''Laidsthal'' (1484) and ''Leidsthal'' (1588). The last form comes from Johannes Hofmann's ''Beschreibung des Oberamtes Lichtenberg'' (“Description of the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' of Lichtenberg”). In his time, the village had already been given up; it had supposedly been burnt down one Sunday after all the villagers had gone to church in [[Kusel]]. Even then, a building was still standing near the village's location within Etschberg's limits, the so-called ''Huberhaus'' from which watch was kept over the surrounding forest. Later, a marksmen's clubhouse stood on the spot.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
Etschberg lay in the ''Remigiusland'', and thereby belonged from the time of its founding to the Church of [[Reims]], although in terms of ecclesiastical organization it was subject to the [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]]. Within the regional ecclesiastical organization the village belonged to the Church of Kusel during the Middle Ages and even into Early Modern Times. In the age of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], all the inhabitants [[Religious conversion|converted]] first to [[Lutheranism]] and then on [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Count Palatine Johannes I's]] orders in 1588, they [[Forced conversion|had to]] drop [[Martin Luther]]’s teachings and adopt [[Calvinism]]. Lutherans and [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] did not re-emerge, albeit sporadically, until the late 17th century. The Catholics nowadays belong to the parish of Remigiusberg ([[Theisbergstegen]]) in the Catholic deaconry of Kusel, while the [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelicals]] belong to the parish of Theisbergstegen in the Evangelical deaconry of Kusel.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360302400.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Etschberg's mayor is Christoph Schneider.<ref name=mayor/>

===Coat of arms===
The German blazon reads: ''In Silber auf gewölbtem, grünen Boden ein kniender, grünbekleideter Jäger mit roter Feder am Hut und goldenem Pfeil mit blauer Spitze in gespanntem, goldenen Bogen''.

The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might in English [[Heraldry|heraldic]] language be described thus: Argent in base a mount vert on which a hunter kneeling proper vested of the second, his hat with a feather gules, with an arrow Or barbed of the first in a bow drawn of the fourth.

The arms go back to a seal from the 18th century and have no apparent connection to the village's history. The arms have been borne since 1982 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Description and explanation of Etschberg’s arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Regular events===
Old customs are still kept in Etschberg. Foremost among these is the [[kermis]] (church consecration festival), which is held on the third weekend in August.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
Cultural life in Etschberg is defined to a great extent by the village's clubs. Events are held at the village community centre (''Dorfgemeinschaftshaus''). Particularly in the field of music, Etschberg produced artists of nationwide fame. These came to the world through the former travelling musician industry (''Wandermusikantentum'') or in the form of particular persons such as court musician Ernst Rech or chamber musician Heinz Pfaff, who successfully conducted several [[orchestra]]s and also undertook concert tours in various [[Europe]]an countries, the [[United States]] and [[South Africa]].

The following clubs currently exist in Etschberg:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Clubs]</ref>
*''Sportverein VfL 1932'' — [[sport club]]
*''Schützenverein'' — [[Shooting sports|shooting club]]
*''Gesangverein'' — singing club
*''Musikverein'' — music club
*''Landfrauenverein'' — countrywomen's club
*''Obst- und Gartenbauverein'' — fruit growing and [[gardening]] club
*''Rentnerverein'' — pensioners’ club
*''AWO-Ortsgruppe'' — workers’ welfare local chapter
*''SPD-Ortsverein'' — [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] local chapter
*''Förderverein “St. Florian” der Feuerwehr'' — [[fire brigade]] promotional association
*''Förderverein des VfL'' — sport club promotional association
*''Polenhilfe'' — aid to [[Poland]]

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
Even as early as the 16th century, unlike all other villages in the area, only a small part of Etschberg's population earned their livelihood at farming. The foremost occupation here was crafts. As early as the 17th century, Etschberg developed into a workers’ village, even if job opportunities in the village itself were rather scant. On the other hand, there were mines at the Potzberg and also in neighbouring villages. Then in the 19th century, the great stone quarries arose in [[Rammelsbach]] and on the [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] which, although they were indeed hard jobs, offered fairly good earning opportunities, for those who could get themselves hired. Not everyone could work in the mines, and this spurred the travelling musician industry (''Wandermusikantentum''), which arose in the earlier half of the century. Many men – and it was mainly men – earned their living travelling [[Europe]] and even the world playing in orchestras. The first ''Wandermusikant'' known to have come from Etschberg was Jakob Schönborn. He came to the village from [[Altenglan]] and founded a family of musicians. Other such families subsequently arose, such as the Brothers Rech, whose father, a day labourer, had died young. The Etschberg musicians first joined with ''Wandermusikanten'' from other villages, until they had gained enough experience to go it alone in the world. About 1920, there were still four orchestras in Etschberg.

No later than the outbreak of the [[Second World War]], though, the tradition of ''Wandermusikanten'' had come to an end. Today Etschberg is for many people a residential community, and they must seek their livelihoods elsewhere. In the village itself, though, are one [[inn]], a [[grocer]]’s shop, a [[bakery]], a building firm, a [[bus]] firm and a [[recording studio]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
Originally, from the late 17th century onwards, schoolchildren from Etschberg attended school in [[Kusel]], as did those from [[Theisbergstegen|Godelhausen]] and Eisenberg. In 1711, the three municipalities reported to the government in [[Zweibrücken]] that the way to Kusel was too far, and that the three villages wanted to build a school out of their own resources. The government approved this proposal, and so, that very same year, a new shared school arose in the biggest of the three villages, Etschberg. A schoolteacher named Beinbrech from Kusel was sent to Etschberg in 1712, but he left for [[Konken]] in 1716. He was followed by Johann Dielforter. In 1722, the three villages built a new common schoolhouse in Godelhausen, whose location was central. Soon thereafter, Mr. Dielforter became ill and was supported by his son, Johann Nikolaus Dielforter, who was appointed Godelhausen schoolteacher once his father had withdrawn from teaching. Parents were apparently not satisfied with the younger Mr. Dielforter. Among their complaints, he was teaching the children to read wrong, he did not teach well enough to prepare them for the [[Confirmation]] examination, he would rather have had the children cut birch rods than have used these to [[Corporal punishment|administer correction]], he could not even sing, and the children were not capable of performing the [[dirge]]. After investigating the allegedly incompetent teacher, the government found the parents’ claims about him to be groundless. It is to be understood, though, that two thirds of the schoolchildren were from Etschberg, also that this, the biggest of the three villages, was seeking to build its own schoolhouse, and moreover, that the one in Godelhausen was falling into disrepair. The government would not support Etschberg's goal, and instead ordered a conversion for the school in Godelhausen. All that Etschberg got was its own winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare) teacher, but no actual school. As might be imagined, the complaints did not end. This teacher, who also worked at the [[tailor]]’s trade, was reported to the government by the municipality, who claimed that he had hired an apprentice who was a [[Sodomy|sodomite]]. The Duke punished the municipality for [[gossip]], but at the same time dismissed the teacher. Beginning in 1784 it was prospective schoolteacher Johann Jakob Theiß, the late (d. 1776) [[Rehweiler]] schoolteacher Theiß’s son, who taught winter school in Etschberg. Johann Nikolaus Dielforter in Godelhausen had died in 1780. He was then succeeded by his own son, Isaak Dielforter, who eight years after his father’s death also died, at the age of 44. The Etschberg winter school teacher Johann Jakob Reiß now took over the main teaching job in Godelhausen. In 1792, the municipality of Godelhausen, with government approval, built a new schoolhouse. Since Etschberg, which was still seeking to acquire its own schoolhouse, would not pay its share towards building Godelhausen’s new schoolhouse, a plot of Etschberg’s municipal land was forcibly seized and [[auction]]ed off. It was about then that [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] overran the land. In 1792, 26 children were being sent to school. In 1818 (after French times), the municipality finally built a new schoolhouse, which soon proved to be inadequate, but a new one was not built until 1937-1938. This one had four classrooms, one of which was used until 1940 as a [[kindergarten]]. Owing to a lack of room, [[Hauptschule]] students were taught in [[Altenglan]] beginning in 1960. In 1970, the [[primary school]] was temporarily merged with the one in [[Haschbach am Remigiusberg]]. At first, the two level-1 classes were taught in Haschbach, while levels 2 to 4 were all taught in Etschberg, but in 1971, the two level-2 classes were moved to Haschbach. Both municipalities’ schools were then closed in 1972. Primary school pupils were then [[School bus|bussed]] to Kusel where they attended the requisite classes at either the Hollerschule or the Luitpoldschule. Two years later, the schooling facilities in Kusel had become so overfull that the Etschberg and Haschbach schools were temporarily opened up again. At first, the level-4 class was taught in Haschbach, with the level-3 class joining it a few years later. In Etschberg, the level-6 class was at first taught, later to be joined by level 7. Beginning in 1981, though, all classes still being taught in Etschberg were transferred to Kusel. Today, primary school pupils go to the primary school in that town, while Hauptschule students attend classes at the school centre at the Rossberg. The district seat is also the location of the nearest [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] and [[Realschule]] as well as [[special school]]s for children with [[Learning disability|learning difficulties]] and children with [[intellectual disability|mental handicaps]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Etschberg lies off the main through roads, but still favourably with regard to major traffic arteries. ''[[Bundesstraße]]n'' 420 and 423 are both nearby. To the southwest runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]); the nearest [[interchange (road)|interchange]] lies about 5 km away.

Serving nearby [[Theisbergstegen]] is a [[railway station]] on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]]. There are hourly trains at this [[Railway station|station]] throughout the day, namely [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67 between [[Kaiserslautern Central Station|Kaiserslautern]] and [[Kusel station|Kusel]], named ''[[Glan Valley Railway|Glantalbahn]]'' after a former railway line that shared a stretch of its tracks with the Landstuhl–Kusel railway.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7513 Transport]</ref>

==Famous people==

===Sons and daughters of the town===
* [[Ernst Diehl]] (1949–{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}), [[Association football|footballer]]

===Famous people associated with the municipality===
* Margit Conrad (1952–{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}), politician ([[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]), grew up in Etschberg

Margit Conrad's father was longtime mayor Karl Conrad. She studied [[medicine]] and [[sociology]]. Nevertheless, she chose a career as a politician rather than as a doctor. She became a Member of the [[Bundestag]] and in 1991, deputy mayor of [[Saarbrücken]] (''Bürgermeisterin''; the mayor bears the title ''Oberbürgermeister(in)'' in Saarbrücken). She also became departmental head for environment, health and law in the [[Landtag of Saarland|Saarland Landtag]], and in 2001, minister for the environment in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010002556/http://vg.kusel.de/content/og/og.php?gid=5 Etschberg in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2676324/t880ki/ Brief portrait of Etschberg with film] at [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]

Elzweiler

2024-11-29T04:16:25Z

Gliwi: (GR) File:Elzweile.jpg → File:DEU Elzweiler COA.svg JPG → SVG

{{Infobox German location
|image_photo =
|image_coa = DEU Elzweiler COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|49|34|47|N|7|30|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Elzweiler in KUS.svg
|state = Rheinland-Pfalz
|district = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde = Kusel-Altenglan
|elevation = 250
|area = 2.09
|postal_code = 66887
|area_code = 06387
|licence = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 021
|website = [http://www.elzweiler.de/ www.elzweiler.de]
|mayor = Hartmut Jung<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2019–24
}}
'''Elzweiler''' is an ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] belonging to a ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', a kind of collective municipality – in the [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It belongs to the [[Kusel-Altenglan|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kusel-Altenglan]], whose seat is in [[Kusel]].

==Geography==

===Location===
The municipality lies at the entrance to the Sachsbach valley in the Western [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. The village lies at the foot of the 536 m-high Herrmannsberg at an elevation of some 270 m above [[sea level]] on the local thoroughfare. Lying right on this only a few hundred metres away in a side valley is the neighbouring village of [[Welchweiler]]. The Sachsbach rises some 2 km up from the village of Elzweiler near the Schneeweiderhof and empties into the river [[Glan (Nahe)|Glan]] near [[Glanbrücken]]. In its lower reaches, the stream bears the name Horschbach. The municipal area measures 209 ha, of which 95 ha is wooded.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Location]</ref>

===Neighbouring municipalities===
Elzweiler borders in the north and east on the municipality of [[Horschbach]], in the southeast on the municipality of [[Eßweiler]], in the south on the municipality of [[Bosenbach]] and in the west on the municipality of [[Welchweiler]]. Elzweiler also meets the municipality of [[Altenglan]] at a single point in the southwest.

===Municipality’s layout===
The village's houses stand on a spur road that branches off the [[Glanbrücken]]-[[Altenglan]] through road in the Sachsbach valley and ends behind the village's last houses and at several short sidestreets. As a general rule, houses are simple and often modernized, and belong to [[Commuting|commuters]]. About half the houses were built before 1900. Owing to only slight population growth, the original built-up area has not significantly spread outwards.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Municipality’s layout]</ref>

==History==

===Antiquity===
Signs of human activity in [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] or [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times in Elzweiler have thus far not been confirmed.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Antiquity]</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Elzweiler is believed to have been founded by the [[Franks]], but an exact founding date for the village cannot be pinpointed, though it is certain that Elzweiler was founded after the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Archbishopric of Reims]] had established the so-called ''Remigiusland''. Going by the border description for the ''Remigiusland'', the small village must have lain right on the border. It could even be that houses on the brook's right bank lay within the Free [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Domain (''freies Reichsland'') while houses on the brook's left bank lay within the ''Remigiusland''. The border's exact 1355 alignment, however, cannot be fully gathered from this oldest surviving description, making much of the matter guesswork. What can be gathered is that the border ran along the brook down from Welchweiler as far as the forks with the Sachsbach, whence it doubled back upstream into the woods. With regard to Elzweiler's territorial allegiance, this had the effect of the village sometimes being seen as part of the ''Remigiusland'' and at other times part of the originally [[Imperial immediacy|Imperially immediate]] ''Königsland'' (“King’s Land”). Apart from the mention of the “Elzweiler Bach” (that is, the Sachsbach) in this 1355 border ''Weistum'' (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate]] with [[English language|English]] ''wisdom'' – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times), the first documentary mention of the village itself is found in a 1364 document, according to which Count Heinrich II of [[County of Veldenz|Veldenz]] transferred the tithes from the villages in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Altenglan-Brücken, and later the ''Niederamt'' of Ulmet, to the newlywed comital couple Lauretta and Heinrich. This younger Heinrich would later become Count Heinrich II of Veldenz. According to this document, Elzweiler belonged to the ''Remigiusland'' within the County of Veldenz. As time wore on, though, the village came to be regarded as lying outside the ''Remigiusland'', and it thereby shared a history with the neighbouring village of [[Horschbach]] and all those in the Eßweiler Tal (dale).<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Middle Ages]</ref>

===Modern times===
According to Johannes Hofmann's 1588 description of the ''Amt'' of Lichtenberg, the border between the ''Grumbacher Gebiet'' and the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]] ran between the villages of Elzweiler and Welchweiler. In this description, Elzweiler is described as a ''Hof'' (“estate” or “farm”), thereby giving a clue as to the village's very small size at that time. Also named in the description is a ''Kaisermühle'' (“Emperor’s Mill”), which stood near Elzweiler on the Sachsbach. Another mill, the ''Lorenzenmühle'', later stood between Elzweiler and [[Horschbach]]. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], Elzweiler was utterly wiped out. Wartime events and sickness took their heavy toll on the villagers, and by the time the war had ended, there were no longer any people living in the village. Bit by bit, though, it was repopulated with new settlers. In 1594, the village passed together with [[Glanbrücken|Niedereisenbach, Hachenbach]], Horschbach and the villages in the Eßweiler Tal to Palatinate-Zweibrücken in exchange for [[Idar-Oberstein|Kirchenbollenbach]]. Thereafter, Elzweiler remained with the County Palatine until its downfall after [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] began their [[Military occupation|occupation]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Modern times]</ref>

====Recent times====
During the time of [[France|French]] rule from 1801 to 1814, Elzweiler lay in the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]), whose seat was in [[Mainz]], in the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Kaiserslautern and in the [[Cantons of France|Canton]] of Wolfstein. After the French had withdrawn in 1814 and [[Napoleon]] had been defeated at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the [[Congress of Vienna]] awarded the Palatinate to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. Within this state, Elzweiler lay in the ''Landkommissariat'' (later ''Bezirksamt'', then ''Landkreis'', or “rural district”) and the ''Bürgermeisteramt'' (“Mayoralty”) of Horschbach, even being merged with Horschbach in 1835 into a single municipality. In the early 1930s, the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) was quite popular in Elzweiler. In the [[German federal election, 1930|1930 Reichstag elections]], 30.6% of the local votes went to [[Adolf Hitler]]’s party. By the time of the [[German federal election, March 1933|1933 Reichstag elections]], after Hitler had already [[Machtergreifung|seized power]], local support for the Nazis had swollen to 83.6%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his [[Enabling Act of 1933]] (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), thus starting the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] in earnest. Since the end of the [[Second World War]], when the Palatinate was split off from Bavaria, the village has lain in the then newly founded [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Originally part of the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Horschbach, in the course of the 1968 administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate, Elzweiler was grouped into the [[Altenglan (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Altenglan]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Recent times]</ref>

===Population development===
According to a 1515 description of the Eßweiler Tal, Elzweiler was made up of only two residents, or perhaps households. It can be assumed that there were two farms, whose occupants worked land practically throughout what is now the municipal area, and to whose households belonged not only the farmers and their families, but also menservants and maidservants. Nevertheless, for 1477 and 1478, fifteen villagers who owed taxes were named, leading to the conclusion that the population must have shrunk drastically sometime about the beginning of the 16th century, perhaps as a result of an [[epidemic]]. Exact population figures for the village's early history are unknown. Only during the 18th century is it known for certain that there was population growth. According to a 1734 list of subjects, Elzweiler had 32 inhabitants living in seven families. There was also one further inhabitant, a ''Hintersasse'' (roughly, “dependent peasant”). Evidently, though, of the seven families then in the village, only two earned their livelihoods at farming. Six of the family heads were craftsmen: a [[Cabinet making|cabinetmaker]], a [[Shoemaking|shoemaker]], a [[miller]], a [[blacksmith]] and a [[Carpentry|carpenter]]. The ''Hintersasse'' was a [[bricklayer]]. During the 18th century, seven families [[Emigration|emigrated]] to [[Southeast Europe]] (as far as is known, none went to the [[Americas]]). Only because of industrial growth in the late 19th century and in the time before the [[First World War]] did workers, too, settle in the village. Eventually, they made up two thirds of the population. After the Second World War, a slight but continuous rise in population could be noted at first, which was followed beginning in 1975 by a likewise slight but continuous drop in population.

The following table shows population development over the centuries for Elzweiler:<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Elzweiler’s population development]</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="500"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| '''Year''' || 1871 || 1875 || 1885 || 1900 || 1910 || 1939 || 1950 || 1961 || 1970 || 1974 || 1997 || 2007
|- align="center"
| '''Total''' || 164 || 152 || 166 || 173 || 196 || 185 || 185 || 194 || 205 || 217 || 177 || 126
|}

===Municipality’s name===
The village's name has taken the following forms over the ages: ''Eltzenbach'' (1355), ''Eltzwijlre'' (1364), ''Eltzwiller'' (1512), ''Eltzwiler'' (1515), ''Eltzweiller'' (1593). The common placename ending ''—weiler'', meaning “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]” or, originally, “homestead”, indicates that the village was founded sometime before the 12th century as a homestead. The prefix ''Elz—'' might be derived from a personal name. According to researchers Dolch and Greule, this name might have come from ''Agiwalt''. This was later corrupted to ''Eiwalt'' and eventually shortened to ''Elt'' and ''Etz''. If this holds true, the name's original meaning was “Agiwalt’s homestead”.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Municipality’s name]</ref>

===Vanished villages===
Filhop, named in Hofmann's 1588 work mentioned above, had at that time already been abandoned. Its name still appears in rural cadastral toponyms within Elzweiler's limits, however.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Vanished villages]</ref>

==Religion==
Today, it is hard to be sure of the villagers’ original ecclesiastical orientation. Right up until the late 18th century, the nearest church was the country [[chapel]] near [[Ulmet, Germany|Ulmet]]. After the placename Elzweiler appeared in the 1365 Veldenz document, the village may at least for a time have belonged to the Ulmet parish. During the time when Elzweiler belonged to the Rhinegraviate of Grumbach, however, it lay within the sway of the Eßweiler Tal and the ''Hirsauer Kirche'' (an ancient country church, still standing today, near [[Offenbach-Hundheim]]), and later the Church of [[Hinzweiler]]. At the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], the village belonged to the Rhinegraviate of Grumbach, and accordingly, under the principle of ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]'', Elzweiler's inhabitants, like all Rhinegravial subjects, [[Forced conversion|had to]] [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Lutheranism]] in 1556. When the village was incorporated into the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]], the Zweibrücken subjects had already converted to [[Calvinism]], and Elzweiler's inhabitants now had to follow suit. It can, however, be gathered from the 1734 list of subjects that of the then 33 inhabitants, 14 were Lutheran, 11 were [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and indeed only seven were [[Reformed churches|Reformed]]. This rather striking variety in the denominations represented in the village can be explained by new settlers coming to repopulate the village after the [[Thirty Years' War]] and during [[France|French]] [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] [[Military occupation|occupation]]. In the late 17th century, the French promoted the Roman Catholic faith, while the [[Sweden|Swedish]] kings, who then held sway in the County Palatine, did the same with the Lutheran faith. Today, a 90% majority of Elzweiler's inhabitants is [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]. The Evangelical [[Christianity|Christians]] belong to the parish of Hinzweiler and attend the [[chapel of ease]] in [[Horschbach]]. The Catholic Christians are tended by the Church of [[Rammelsbach]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Religion]</ref>

==Politics==

===Municipal council===
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by [[Plurality voting system|majority vote]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360102100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref>

===Mayor===
Elzweiler's mayor is Hartmut Jung, and his deputy is Martin Knoblauch.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/elzweiler/verwaltung/ |title=Elzweiler’s council |access-date=2012-04-20 |archive-date=2016-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323084524/http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/elzweiler/verwaltung/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The municipality's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Per fess Or a demilion gules armed and langued azure and azure an anchor of the first.

The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] in base is an anchor, but this is of unknown meaning. The upper field shows the lion charge borne by the village's former lords.

The arms have been borne since 7 April 1975 when they were approved by the now defunct [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' administration in [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]]. Until that date, the municipality bore arms azure and anchor Or (a blue field charged with a gold anchor), without the lion, although these arms had never officially been granted.<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Elzweiler Description and explanation of Elzweiler’s arms]</ref>

Therefore, the municipality legally had no arms, nor even a seal. According to [[Otto Hupp]] in his ''Die Wappen und Siegel der deutschen Städte, Flecken und Dörfer, Heft 7: Die Ortswappen und Gemeindesiegel der Rheinpfalz'' (1928) p. 36, though, a 1738 legal document was sealed with the ''Eltzweiler Gemein Siegel'' (''Siegel'' means “seal” in [[German language|German]]), which bore an anchor as its only device. Hupp then drew an unofficial coat of arms, but it was ''In Blau ein goldener Adler'' (“Azure an eagle Or”, that is, a blue field charged with a gold eagle).

Elzweiler belonged until 1595 to the [[Waldgrave]]s and Rhinegraves of Kyrburg, and thereafter to the [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], both of whose lords bore the lion as an heraldic device, the Palatines a gold one on a black field, and the Waldgraves a red one on a gold field. The current armorial design combines the anchor seal mentioned by Hupp (which apparently can no longer be confirmed) and the lion charge borne by the village's former lords. The Waldgraves’ red-on-gold version was adopted because it otherwise so seldom crops up in Palatine heraldry, and also, especially, because it was felt that using the Palatinate-Zweibrücken gold-on-black version would have made it necessary to modify the [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/elzweiler/ |title=More about the arms |access-date=2012-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801054130/http://www.vg-altenglan.de/ortsgemeinden/elzweiler/ |archive-date=2012-08-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Yet more about the arms]</ref>

==Culture and sightseeing==

===Old walls===
The old, now ruined, town walls can still be made out.

===Regular events===
The only old festival still held is the [[kermis]] (church consecration festival, locally known as the ''Kerb''), on the third weekend in June. There is also a summer festival in July.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Regular events]</ref>

===Clubs===
The only club in Elzweiler currently is a countrywomen's club (''Landfrauenverein'').<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Clubs]</ref>

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Economic structure===
In 1970, Elzweiler's occupational structure broke down thus: [[agriculture]] and [[forestry]] 6.3%, [[manufacturing]] 41%, trade and transport 8.3%, [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service industries]] 10%, [[Retirement|retired]] 34%. The field of agriculture has further shrunk since then, while the number of retired workers has grown. The great majority of people in the workforce must [[Commuting|commute]] to jobs elsewhere.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Economic structure]</ref>

===Education===
It is unknown when a school was first opened in Elzweiler. Children might have attended a winter school (a school geared towards an agricultural community's practical needs, held in the winter, when farm families had a bit more time to spare) in neighbouring [[Welchweiler]] in the course of the 18th century. During the 19th century, the village got its own schoolhouse and thereafter school was taught in one room. Beginning in 1962, [[Hauptschule]] students were taught at the central school in [[Sankt Julian]] (''Zentralschule Sankt Julian''), and as of 1969 at the ''Hauptschule Offenbach-St. Julian''. [[Primary school]] pupils from Elzweiler and Welchweiler were still taught at the Elzweiler school at first, but even this school did not last very long, and with the introduction of ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]n'', schooling was thoroughly reorganized. Since 1974, the Hauptschule students have been attending the ''Hauptschule Altenglan'' (now actually a [[Regionale Schule]]), while the primary school pupils have been attending the ''Grundschule Altenglan'' in [[Rammelsbach]].<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Education]</ref>

===Transport===
Elzweiler is a [[Commuting|commuter]] community lying on ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 368 between [[Altenglan]] and [[Hinzweiler]]. To the southwest runs the [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]); the nearest Autobahn [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s, near [[Kusel]] and [[Glan-Münchweiler]], each lie some 15 km away.

Serving [[Altenglan]], 5 km away, is [[Altenglan station]] on the [[Landstuhl–Kusel railway]]. There are hourly trains at this [[Railway station|station]] throughout the day, namely [[Regionalbahn]] service RB 67 between [[Kaiserslautern Central Station|Kaiserslautern]] and [[Kusel station|Kusel]], named ''[[Glan Valley Railway|Glantalbahn]]'' after a former railway line that shared a stretch of its tracks with the Landstuhl–Kusel railway.<ref>[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7543 Transport]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.elzweiler.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}}

{{Cities and towns in Kusel (district)}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]
[[Category:Kusel (district)]]