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Himalayas

2024-10-23T09:53:14Z

Hike395: Reverted 1 edit by 31.221.52.122 (talk): Rv unexplained deletion

{{Short description|Mountain range in Asia, separating Indo-Gangetic plain from Tibetan Plateau}}
{{About|a mountain range|other uses|Himalaya (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-move}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}

{{Infobox mountain
| name = The Himalayas
| photo = Himalayas and allied ranges NASA Landsat showing the eight thousanders, annotated with major rivers.jpg
| photo_caption = The arc of the Himalayas (also [[Hindu Kush]] and [[Karakoram]]s) showing the [[eight-thousanders]] (in red); [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]; [[Tibetan plateau]]; rivers [[Indus River|Indus]], [[Ganges]], and [[Yarlung Tsangpo]]-[[Brahmaputra]]; and the two anchors of the range (in yellow)
| country_type = [[Country|Countries]]
| country = {{hlist||{{flag|Bhutan}}|{{flag|China}}|{{flag|India}}|{{flag|Nepal}}|{{flag|Pakistan}}|{{flag|Afghanistan}}}}{{efn|Sovereignty over the range is contested in several places, most notably in the [[Kashmir region]].<ref>{{cite encyclopaedia|title=Himalayas (mountains, Asia)|date=14 August 2023 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Himalayas |quote=Though India, Nepal, and Bhutan have sovereignty over most of the Himalayas, Pakistan and China also occupy parts of them. In the Kashmir region, Pakistan has administrative control of some 32,400 square miles (83,900 square km) of the range lying north and west of the "line of control" established between India and Pakistan in 1972. China administers some 14,000 square miles (36,000 square km) in the Ladakh region and has claimed territory at the eastern end of the Himalayas within the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. Those disputes accentuate the boundary problems faced by India and its neighbours in the Himalayan region.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya|first1=David|last1=Zurick|first2=Julsun|last2=Pocheco|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|date=2006|isbn=9780813173849|page=8,11,12}}</ref>}}
| subdivision2_type = [[Continent]]
| subdivision2 = [[Asia]]
| highest = [[Mount Everest]]
| elevation_m = 8848.86
| highest_location = {{flag|Nepal}}{{flag|China}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|27|59|N|86|55|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| range_coordinates =
| length_km = 2400
| geology = {{hlist|[[Metamorphic rock|Metamorphic]]|[[Sedimentary rock|sedimentary]]}}
| age = [[Cretaceous]] to [[Cenozoic]]
| orogeny = [[Alpine orogeny]]
| map_image = Himalaya annotated.jpg
| map_caption = Mount Everest and surrounding peaks as seen from the north-northwest over the [[Tibetan Plateau]]. Four eight-thousanders can be seen, [[Makalu]] (8,462 m), [[Mount Everest|Everest]] (8,848 m), [[Cho Oyu]] (8,201 m), and [[Lhotse]] (8,516 m).
}}
The '''Himalayas''', or '''Himalaya''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|ɪ|m|ə|ˈ|l|eɪ|.|ə|,_|h|ɪ|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|ə|j|ə}} {{respell|HIM|ə|LAY|ə|,_|hih|MAH|lə|yə}}){{Efn|{{IPA|sa|ɦɪmaːlɐjɐ|lang}}; {{etymology|sa|{{IAST|himá}}|snow, frost||{{IAST|ā-laya}}|dwelling, abode}}),<ref name=OED-Himalayan>{{cite OED|Himalayan |access-date=2021-08-05 |quote=Etymology: < ''Himālaya'' (Sanskrit < ''hima'' snow + ''ālaya'' dwelling, abode) + -an suffix)}}</ref>}} is a [[mountain range]] in Asia, separating the [[plain]]s of the [[Indian subcontinent]] from the [[Tibetan Plateau]]. The range has some of the [[Earth]]'s highest peaks, including the highest, [[Mount Everest]]. More than [[list of highest mountains on Earth|100 peaks]] exceeding elevations of {{Convert|7200|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]] lie in the Himalayas.

The Himalayas abut or cross [[Himalayan states|six countries]]: [[Nepal]], [[China]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bhutan]], [[India]] and [[Afghanistan]]. The sovereignty of the range in the [[Kashmir]] region is disputed among India, [[Pakistan]], and China.<ref name=bishop-britannica>{{cite web|last=Bishop|first=Barry|author-link=Barry Bishop (mountaineer)|title=Himalayas (mountains, Asia)|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266037/Himalayas|access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref> The Himalayan range is bordered on the northwest by the [[Karakoram]] and [[Hindu Kush]] ranges, on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, and on the south by the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]. Some of the world's major [[river]]s, the [[Indus River|Indus]], the [[Ganges river|Ganges]], and the [[Yarlung Tsangpo River|Tsangpo]]–[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]], rise in the vicinity of the Himalayas, and their combined [[drainage basin]] is home to some 600 million people; 53 million people live in the Himalayas.<ref name="DimriBookhagen2019">{{cite book|author1=A.P. Dimri|author2=B. Bookhagen|author3=M. Stoffel|author4=T. Yasunari|title=Himalayan Weather and Climate and their Impact on the Environment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ea9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA380|date=8 November 2019|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-030-29684-1|page=380}}</ref> The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of [[South Asia]] and [[Tibet]]. Many Himalayan peaks are sacred in [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]]. The summits of several—[[Kangchenjunga]] (from the Indian side), [[Gangkhar Puensum]], [[Machapuchare]], [[Nanda Devi]], and [[Kailas]]h in the Tibetan [[Transhimalaya]]—are off-limits to climbers.

[[Tectonic uplift|Lifted]] by the [[subduction]] of the [[Indian Plate|Indian tectonic plate]] under the [[Eurasian Plate]], the Himalayan mountain range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc {{Convert|2400|km|abbr=on}} long.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wadia |first=D. N. |year=1931 |title=The syntaxis of the northwest Himalaya: its rocks, tectonics and orogeny |journal=Record Geol. Survey of India |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=189–220}}</ref> Its western anchor, [[Nanga Parbat]], lies just south of the northernmost bend of the Indus river. Its eastern anchor, [[Namcha Barwa]], lies immediately west of the great bend of the [[Yarlung Tsangpo River]]. The range varies in width from {{Convert|350|km|abbr=on}} in the west to {{Convert|150|km|abbr=on}} in the east.<ref name="books.google.pl">{{cite book |last=Apollo |first=M. |year=2017 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313849476 |chapter=Chapter 9: The population of Himalayan regions – by the numbers: Past, present and future |editor1-first=R. |editor1-last=Efe |editor2-first=M. |editor2-last=Öztürk |title=Contemporary Studies in Environment and Tourism |pages=143–159 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name of the range hails from the [[Sanskrit]] {{lang|sa-Latn|Himālaya}} ({{wikt-lang|sa|हिमालय}} 'abode of snow'<ref>{{Cite web |title=MW Cologne Scan |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/csl-apidev/servepdf.php?dict=MW&page=1299 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de}}</ref>), from {{lang|sa-Latn|hima}} ({{wikt-lang|sa|हिम}} 'frost/cold'<ref>{{Cite web |title=MW Cologne Scan |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/csl-apidev/servepdf.php?dict=MW&page=1298 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de}}</ref>) and {{lang|sa-Latn|ālaya}} ({{wikt-lang|sa|आलय}} 'dwelling/house'<ref>{{Cite web |title=WIL Cologne Scan |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/csl-apidev/servepdf.php?dict=WIL&page=121 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de}}</ref>).<ref>{{Cite web |title=BEN Cologne Scan |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/csl-apidev/servepdf.php?dict=BEN&page=1115-a |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WIL Cologne Scan |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/csl-apidev/servepdf.php?dict=WIL&page=976 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de}}</ref> They are now known as "{{nowrap|the Himalaya Mountains}}", usually shortened to "the Himalayas".

The mountains are known as the {{lang|ne-Latn|Himālaya}} in [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] (both written {{lang|hi|हिमालय}}), ''Hinvāl'' (हिंवाळ) in [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], ''Himāl'' (हिमाल) in [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]], the ''Himalaya'' ({{lang|bo|ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ་}}) or 'The Land of Snow' ({{lang|bo|གངས་ཅན་ལྗོངས་}}) in [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]], also known as {{lang|ne-Latn|Himālaya}} in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] (written as {{lang|si|හිමාලය}}), the ''Himāliya'' Mountain Range ({{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|سلسلہ کوہ ہمالیہ}}}}) in [[Urdu]], the ''Himaloy Parvatmala'' ({{lang|bn|হিমালয় পর্বতমালা}}) in [[Bengali language|Bengali]], and the ''Ximalaya'' Mountain Range ({{lang-zh|s=喜马拉雅[[wikt:山脉|山脉]]|p=Xǐmǎlāyǎ Shānmài|c=|t=喜馬拉雅[[wikt:山脉|山脉]]}}) in [[Chinese language|Chinese]].

The name of the range is sometimes also given as [[Himavat|Himavan]] in older writings, including the Sanskrit epic [[Mahabharata]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Roshen Dalal |author-link=Roshen Dalal |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |date=2014|isbn=9788184752779 }} Entry: "Himavan"</ref> [[Himavat]] ([[Sanskrit]]: हिमवत्'')'' or Himavan '''Himavān''' ([[Sanskrit]]: हिमवान्) is a Hindu deity who is the personification of the Himalayan Mountain Range. Other epithets include '''Himaraja''' ([[Sanskrit]]: हिमराज, {{lit|king of snow}}) or '''Parvateshwara''' ([[Sanskrit]]: पर्वतेश्वर, {{lit|lord of mountains}}).

In western literature, some writers refer to it as ''the Himalaya''. This was also previously transcribed as ''Himmaleh'', as in [[Emily Dickinson]]'s poetry<ref>{{citation |last=Dickinson |first=Emily |title=The Himmaleh was known to stoop |author-link=Emily Dickinson |title-link=:s:The Himmaleh was known to stoop}}.</ref> and [[Henry David Thoreau]]'s essays.<ref>{{citation |last=Thoreau |first=Henry David |title=A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers |date=1849 |author-link=Henry David Thoreau}}.</ref>

==Geography and key features==
{{anchor | Geo | Geography }}

{{see also|List of Himalayan peaks and passes|Himalayan Rim}}
[[File:Himalayas Map.png|thumb|Map of the Himalayas (including the [[Hindu Kush]])]]
[[File:Himalaya sud avion.JPG|thumb|The [[Annapurna (mountain range)|Annapurna]] range of the Himalayas]]
[[File:The Himalayas (48625198948).jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the Himalayas]]
[[File:Marsyangdi valley with Annapurna II - Annapurna Circuit, Nepal - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Marsyangdi]] valley with [[Annapurna II]]]]

The Himalayas consists of four parallel [[mountain ranges]] from south to north: the [[Sivalik Hills]] on the south; the [[Lower Himalayan Range]]; the [[Great Himalayas]], which is the highest and central range; and the [[Tibetan Himalayas]] on the north.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Himalayas |title=Himalayas|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|last1= Bishop|first1= Barry C. |last2= Chatterjee|first2= Shiba P.|date=14 August 2023 }}</ref> The [[Karakoram]] are generally considered separate from the Himalayas.

In the middle of the great curve of the Himalayan mountains lie the {{cvt|8000|m|||}} peaks of [[Dhaulagiri]] and [[Annapurna]] in [[Nepal]], separated by the [[Kali Gandaki Gorge]]. The gorge splits the Himalayas into Western and Eastern sections, both ecologically and orographically – the pass at the head of the Kali Gandaki, the [[Kora La]], is the lowest point on the ridgeline between Everest and [[K2]] (the highest peak of the Karakoram range). To the east of Annapurna are the {{convert|8000|m|mile|abbr=on}} peaks of [[Manaslu]] and across the border in Tibet, [[Shishapangma]]. To the south of these lies [[Kathmandu]], the capital of Nepal and the largest city in the Himalayas. East of the [[Kathmandu Valley]] lies the valley of the Bhote/[[Sun Kosi]] river which rises in Tibet and provides the main overland route between Nepal and China – the [[Araniko Highway]]/[[China National Highway 318]]. Further east is the [[Mahalangur Himal]] with four of the world's six highest mountains, including the highest: [[Cho Oyu]], [[Everest]], [[Lhotse]], and [[Makalu]]. The [[Khumbu]] region, popular for trekking, is found here on the south-western approaches to Everest. The [[Arun River, China-Nepal|Arun river]] drains the northern slopes of these mountains, before turning south and flowing to the range to the east of Makalu.

In the far east of Nepal, the Himalayas rise to the [[Kangchenjunga]] massif on the border with India, the third-highest mountain in the world, the most easterly {{convert|8000|m|ft|abbr=on}} summit and the highest point of [[India]]. The eastern side of Kangchenjunga is in the Indian state of [[Sikkim]]. Formerly an independent Kingdom, it lies on the main route from India to [[Lhasa]], Tibet, which passes over the [[Nathu La]] pass into Tibet. East of Sikkim lies the ancient Buddhist Kingdom of [[Bhutan]]. The highest mountain in Bhutan is [[Gangkhar Puensum]], which is also a strong candidate for the highest unclimbed mountain in the world. The Himalayas here are becoming increasingly rugged, with heavily forested steep valleys. The Himalayas continue, turning slightly northeast, through the Indian State of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] as well as Tibet, before reaching their easterly conclusion in the peak of [[Namche Barwa]], situated in Tibet, inside the great bend of the [[Yarlung Tsangpo River|Yarlang Tsangpo]] river. On the other side of the Tsangpo, to the east, are the [[Kangri Garpo]] mountains. The high mountains to the north of the Tsangpo, including [[Gyala Peri]], however, are also sometimes included in the Himalayas.

Going west from Dhaulagiri, Western Nepal is somewhat remote and lacks major high mountains, but is home to [[Rara Lake]], the largest lake in Nepal. The [[Karnali River]] rises in Tibet but cuts through the centre of the region. Further west, the border with India follows the [[Sarda River]] and provides a trade route into China, where on the Tibetan plateau lies the high peak of [[Gurla Mandhata]]. Just across [[Lake Manasarovar]] from this lies the sacred [[Mount Kailash]] in the [[Kailash Ranges]], which stands close to the source of the four main rivers of Himalayas and is revered in Hinduism, [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], Sufism and Bonpo. In [[Uttarakhand]], the Himalayas are regionally divided into the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] and [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] Himalayas with the high peaks of [[Nanda Devi]] and [[Kamet]].<ref name=britannica>{{Cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kumaun-Himalayas|title=Kumaun Himalayas|publisher = Encyclopedia Britannica|first1= Kenneth |last1= Pletcher |date =March 13, 2009 }}</ref> The state is also home to the important pilgrimage destinations of Chota [[Chota Char Dham|Chaar Dhaam]], with [[Gangotri]], the source of the holy river [[Ganges]], [[Yamunotri]], the source of the river [[Yamuna]], and the temples at [[Badrinath]] and [[Kedarnath]].

The next Himalayan Indian state, [[Himachal Pradesh]], is noted for its hill stations, particularly [[Shimla]], the summer capital of the [[British Raj]], and [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]], the centre of the Tibetan community and [[Central Tibetan Administration|government in exile]] in India. This area marks the start of the [[Punjab Himalaya]] and the [[Sutlej river]], the most easterly of the five tributaries of the [[Indus]], cuts through the range here. Further west, the Himalayas form much of the disputed Indian-administered union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] where lie the mountainous [[Jammu division|Jammu region]] and the renowned [[Kashmir Valley]] with the town and lakes of [[Srinagar]]. The Himalayas form most of the south-west portion of the disputed Indian-administered union territory of [[Ladakh]]. The twin peaks of [[Nun Kun]] are the only mountains over {{convert|7000|m|mile|abbr=on}} in this part of the Himalayas. Finally, the Himalayas reach their western end in the dramatic 8000 m peak of [[Nanga Parbat]], which rises over {{convert|8000|m|ft|abbr=on}} above the Indus valley and is the most westerly of the 8000 m summits. The western end terminates at a magnificent point near Nanga Parbat where the Himalayas intersect with the Karakoram and [[Hindu Kush]] ranges, in the disputed Pakistani-administered territory of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]. Some portion of the Himalayas, such as the [[Kaghan Valley]], [[Margalla Hills]], and [[Galyat]] tract, extend into the Pakistani provinces of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]].

==Geology==
{{Main|Geology of the Himalayas}}
[[File:Himalaya-formation.gif|thumb|upright|The {{convert|6000|km||adj=mid|-plus}} journey of the India landmass (Indian Plate) before its collision with Asia (Eurasian Plate) about 40 to 50 million [[Before Present|years ago]]<ref name=USGS/>]]

The Himalayan range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consists mostly of uplifted [[sedimentary]] and [[metamorphic rock]]. According to the modern theory of [[plate tectonics]], its formation is a result of a [[continental collision]] or [[orogeny]] along the [[convergent boundary]] ([[Main Himalayan Thrust]]) between the [[Indo-Australian Plate]] and the [[Eurasian Plate]]. The [[Arakan Yoma]] highlands in [[Burma|Myanmar]] and the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]] were also formed as a result of this collision.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Garzanti |first1=Eduardo |last2=Limonta |first2=Mara |last3=Resentini |first3=Alberto |last4=Bandopadhyay |first4=Pinaki C. |last5=Najman |first5=Yani |last6=Andò |first6=Sergio |last7=Vezzoli |first7=Giovanni |date=2013-08-01 |title=Sediment recycling at convergent plate margins (Indo-Burman Ranges and Andaman–Nicobar Ridge) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825213000822 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=123 |pages=113–132 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.04.008 |bibcode=2013ESRv..123..113G |issn=0012-8252}}</ref>

During the [[Upper Cretaceous]], about 70 million years ago, the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate (which has subsequently broken into the [[Indian Plate]] and the [[Australian Plate]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/95/18688.html| title = Geologists Find: An Earth Plate Is Breaking in Two|date = 7 July 1995|publisher=Columbia University}}</ref>) was moving at about {{cvt|15|cm|||}} per year. About 50 million years ago this fast-moving Indo-Australian Plate had completely closed the [[Tethys Ocean]], the existence of which has been determined by [[sedimentary rock]]s settled on the ocean floor and the volcanoes that fringed its edges. Since both plates were composed of low density [[continental crust]], they were [[thrust fault]]ed and [[Fold (geology)|folded]] into mountain ranges rather than subducting into the [[Mantle (geology)|mantle]] along an [[oceanic trench]].<ref name=USGS/> An often-cited fact used to illustrate this process is that the summit of Mount Everest is made of unmetamorphosed marine [[Ordovician]] [[limestone]] with fossil [[trilobites]], [[crinoids]], and [[ostracods]] from this ancient ocean.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00499.x|title=Geology of the summit limestone of Mount Qomolangma (Everest) and cooling history of the Yellow Band under the Qomolangma detachment|date=December 2005|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00499.x |access-date=9 March 2023|last1=Sakai |first1=Harutaka |last2=Sawada |first2=Minoru |last3=Takigami |first3=Yutaka |last4=Orihashi |first4=Yuji |last5=Danhara |first5=Tohru |last6=Iwano |first6=Hideki |last7=Kuwahara |first7=Yoshihiro |last8=Dong |first8=Qi |last9=Cai |first9=Huawei |last10=Li |first10=Jianguo |journal=The Island Arc |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=297–310 |bibcode=2005IsArc..14..297S |s2cid=140603614 | issn=1038-4871}}</ref>

Today, the Indian plate continues to be driven horizontally at the Tibetan Plateau, which forces the plateau to continue to move upwards.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Convergent/Continental-Collision|title=Plate Tectonics -The Himalayas |publisher=The Geological Society |access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> The Indian plate is still moving at {{convert|67|mm|abbr=on}} per year, and over the next 10 million years, it will travel about {{cvt|1500|km|||}} into Asia. About 20 mm per year of the India-Asia convergence is absorbed by [[Thrust fault|thrusting]] along the [[Main Frontal Thrust|Himalaya southern front]]. This leads to the Himalayas rising by about 5 mm per year, making them geologically active. The movement of the Indian plate into the Asian plate also makes this region [[seismic]]ally active, leading to earthquakes from time to time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-17 |title=Devastating earthquakes are priming the Himalaya for a mega-disaster |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/earthquakes-priming-himalaya-disaster |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=Science |language=en}}</ref>

During the last [[ice age]], there was a connected ice stream of [[glacier]]s between [[Kangchenjunga]] in the east and [[Nanga Parbat]] in the west.<ref name=Kuhle2011/><ref>glacier maps [http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780444534477/ downloadable]</ref> In the west, the glaciers joined with the ice stream network in the [[Karakoram]], and in the north, they joined with the former Tibetan inland ice. To the south, outflow glaciers came to an end below an elevation of {{convert|1000|-|2000|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Kuhle2011/><ref name=Kuhle1987/> While the current valley glaciers of the Himalaya reach at most {{convert|20|to|32|km|abbr=on}} in length, several of the main valley glaciers were {{convert|60|to|112|km|abbr=on}} long during the ice age.<ref name=Kuhle2011/> The glacier snowline (the altitude where accumulation and [[Ablation#Glaciology|ablation]] of a glacier are balanced) was about {{convert|1400|-|1660|m|abbr=on}} lower than it is today. Thus, the climate was at least {{convert|7.0|to|8.3|C-change}} colder than it is today.<ref name=Kuhle2005/>

==Hydrology==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Confluence of Indus and Zanskar rivers.jpg
| caption1 = Confluence of the [[Indus River]] and [[Zanskar River]] in the Himalayas
| image2 = Himalayas, Pheriche, Nepal.jpg
| caption2 = [[Imja Khola]] river valley in [[Solukhumbu]], Nepal
}}

Despite their scale, the Himalayas do not form a major [[continental divide]], and a number of rivers cut through the range, particularly in the eastern part of the range. As a result, the main ridge of the Himalayas is not clearly defined, and mountain passes are not as significant for traversing the range as with other mountain ranges. Himalayas' rivers drain into two large systems:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Himalayas - Rivers, Glaciers, Peaks {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Himalayas/Drainage |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* The western rivers combine into the ''Indus Basin''. The [[Indus River|Indus]] itself forms the northern and western boundaries of the Himalayas. It begins in Tibet, at the confluence of Sengge and Gar rivers, and flows north-west through India into Pakistan before turning south-west to the [[Arabian Sea]]. It is fed by several major tributaries draining the southern slopes of the Himalayas, including the [[Jhelum River|Jhelum]], [[Chenab River|Chenab]], [[Ravi River|Ravi]], [[Beas River|Beas]], and [[Sutlej]] rivers, the five rivers of the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].
* The other Himalayan rivers drain the ''Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin''. Its main rivers are the [[Ganges]], the [[Brahmaputra]], and the [[Yamuna]], as well as other tributaries. The Brahmaputra originates as the [[Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)|Yarlung Tsangpo River]] in western Tibet, and flows east through Tibet and west through the plains of [[Assam]]. The Ganges and the Brahmaputra meet in [[Bangladesh]] and drain into the [[Bay of Bengal]] through the world's largest river delta, the [[Sunderbans]].<ref name=gits4u/>

The northern slopes of [[Gyala Peri]] and the peaks beyond the [[Yarlung Tsangpo River|Tsangpo]], sometimes included in the Himalayas, drain into the [[Irrawaddy River]], which originates in eastern Tibet and flows south through Myanmar to drain into the [[Andaman Sea]]. The [[Salween]], [[Mekong]], [[Yangtze River|Yangtze]], and [[Yellow River]] all originate from parts of the Tibetan Plateau that are geologically distinct from the Himalaya mountains and are therefore not considered true Himalayan rivers. Some geologists refer to all the rivers collectively as the ''circum-Himalayan rivers''.<ref name=circum/>

===Glaciers===
[[File:Annapurna I, south face.jpg|thumb|South Annapurna Glacier]]
The great ranges of central Asia, including the Himalayas, contain the third-largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, after [[Antarctica]] and the [[Arctic]].<ref name=pbs_nature/> Some even refer to this region as the "Third Pole".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Anil V. |last2=Karyakarte |first2=Yogesh |date=2014 |title=Observed changes in Himalayan Glaciers |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24099804 |journal=Current Science |volume=106 |issue=2 |pages=237–244 |jstor=24099804}}</ref> The Himalayan range encompasses about 15,000 glaciers, which store about {{convert|12000|km3|abbr=on}}, or 3600–4400 [[Gigatonne|Gt]] (10{{Superscript|12}} kg)<ref name=":0" /> of fresh water.<ref name=IPPC2007/> Its glaciers include the [[Gangotri Glacier|Gangotri]] and [[Yamunotri]] ([[Uttarakhand]]) and [[Khumbu Glacier|Khumbu]] glaciers ([[Mount Everest]] region), [[Langtang]] glacier ([[Langtang]] region), and [[Zemu Glacier|Zemu]] ([[Sikkim]]).

Owing to the mountains' latitude near the [[Tropic of Cancer]], the permanent [[snow line]] is among the highest in the world, at typically around {{convert|5500|m|abbr=on|-2}}.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shi |first1=Yafeng |last2=Xie |first2=Zizhu |last3=Zheng |first3=Benxing |last4=Li |first4=Qichun |url=http://itia.ntua.gr/hsj/redbooks/126/iahs_126_0111.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424125203/http://itia.ntua.gr/hsj/redbooks/126/iahs_126_0111.pdf |archive-date=24 April 2013 |title=Distribution, Feature and Variations of Glaciers in China |journal=World Glacier Inventory |year=1978 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In contrast, equatorial mountains in [[New Guinea]], the [[Rwenzoris]], and [[Colombia]] have a snow line some {{convert|900|m|abbr=on|-1}} lower.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Henderson-Sellers|first1=Ann|last2=McGuffie|first2=Kendal|title=The Future of the World's Climate: A Modelling Perspective|pages=199–201|isbn=978-0-12-386917-3|year=2012|publisher=Elsevier }}</ref> The higher regions of the Himalayas are snowbound throughout the year, in spite of their proximity to the tropics, and they form the sources of several large [[perennial stream|perennial rivers]].
[[File:KhumbuIcefall.jpg|thumb|left|[[Icefall]] on [[Khumbu Glacier]]]]
In recent years, scientists have monitored a notable increase in the rate of [[Retreat of glaciers since 1850|glacier retreat]] across the region as a result of climate change.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Ethan|last2=Carrivick|first2=Jonathan L.|last3=Quincey|first3=Duncan J.|last4=Cook|first4=Simon J.|last5=James|first5=William H. M.|last6=Brown|first6=Lee E.|date=2021-12-20|title=Accelerated mass loss of Himalayan glaciers since the Little Ice Age|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=11|issue=1|pages=24284|doi=10.1038/s41598-021-03805-8|issn=2045-2322|pmc=8688493|pmid=34931039| bibcode=2021NatSR..1124284L }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/environment-nepal-climate-glaciers-dc/vanishing-himalayan-glaciers-threaten-a-billion-idUSDEL18761020070604|title=Vanishing Himalayan Glaciers Threaten a Billion|date=4 June 2007|newspaper=Reuters |access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref> For example, glacial lakes have been forming rapidly on the surface of debris-covered glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya during the last few decades. Studies have measured an approximately 13% overall decrease in glacial coverage in the Himalayas over the last 40–50 years.<ref name=":0" /> Local conditions play a large role in glacial retreat, however, and glacial loss can vary locally from a few m/yr to 61 m/yr.<ref name=":0" /> A marked acceleration in glacial mass loss has also been observed since 1975, from about 5–13 Gt/yr to 16–24 Gt/yr.<ref name=":0" /> Although the effect of this will not be known for many years, it potentially could mean disaster for the hundreds of millions of people who rely on the glaciers to feed the rivers during the dry seasons.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaushik|first1=Saurabh|last2=Rafiq|first2=Mohammd|last3=Joshi|first3=P.K.|last4=Singh|first4=Tejpal|date=April 2020|title=Examining the glacial lake dynamics in a warming climate and GLOF modelling in parts of Chandra basin, Himachal Pradesh, India|journal=Science of the Total Environment|language=en|volume=714|pages=136455|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136455|pmid=31986382|bibcode=2020ScTEn.71436455K|s2cid=210933887}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rafiq|first1=Mohammd|last2=Romshoo|first2=Shakil Ahmad|last3=Mishra|first3=Anoop Kumar|last4=Jalal|first4=Faizan|date=January 2019|title=Modelling Chorabari Lake outburst flood, Kedarnath, India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11629-018-4972-8|journal=Journal of Mountain Science|language=en|volume=16|issue=1|pages=64–76|doi=10.1007/s11629-018-4972-8|bibcode=2019JMouS..16...64R |s2cid=134015944|issn=1672-6316}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/90001/90781/90879/6222327.html|title=Glaciers melting at alarming speed|date=24 July 2007|publisher=People's Daily Online|access-date=17 April 2009|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011182931/http://en.people.cn/90001/90781/90879/6222327.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The global climate change will affect the water resources and livelihoods of the Greater Himalayan region.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/13449 |title=Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security |date=2012|publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0-309-26098-5 |location=Washington, D.C.|doi=10.17226/13449 }}</ref>

===Lakes===
{{See also|List of Alpine lakes in India}}
[[File:Gurudongmar Lake Sikkim, India.jpg|thumb|[[Gurudongmar Lake]] in Sikkim]]

The Himalayan region is dotted with hundreds of lakes.<ref name="O'Neill_2019">{{cite journal |last1=O'Neill |first1=A. R.| date=2019 |title=Evaluating high-altitude Ramsar wetlands in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |volume=20 |issue=e00715 |pages=19 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00715 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Pangong Tso]], which is spread across the border between India and China, at the far western end of Tibet, is among the largest with a surface area of {{cvt|700|km2|||}}.

South of the main range, the lakes are smaller. [[Tilicho Lake]] in Nepal, in the Annapurna massif, is one of the highest lakes in the world. Other lakes include [[Rara Lake]] in western Nepal, [[Phoksundo Lake|She-Phoksundo Lake]] in the [[Shey Phoksundo National Park]] of Nepal, [[Gurudongmar Lake]], in [[North Sikkim]], [[Gokyo Lakes]] in [[Solukhumbu]] district of [[Nepal]], and [[Lake Tsongmo]], near the Indo-China border in Sikkim.<ref name="O'Neill_2019"/>

Some of the lakes present the danger of a [[glacial lake outburst flood]]. The [[Tsho Rolpa]] glacier lake in the [[Rolwaling Himal|Rowaling Valley]], in the [[Dolakha District]] of Nepal, is rated as the most dangerous. The lake, which is located at an altitude of {{convert|4580|m|abbr=on}}, has grown considerably over the last 50 years due to glacial melting.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://rolwaling.tripod.com/glof/| title = Photograph of Tsho Rolpa}}</ref><ref>[[Glacial lake outburst flood#Monitoring|Tsho Rolpa]]</ref> The mountain lakes are known to geographers as ''[[tarn (lake)|tarns]]'' if they are caused by glacial activity. Tarns are found mostly in the upper reaches of the Himalaya, above {{cvt|5500|m|||}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highestlake.com/highest-lake-world.html|title=Highest Lake in the World|first=Carl|last=Drews|access-date=14 November 2010|archive-date=18 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818141925/http://www.highestlake.com/highest-lake-world.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Temperate Himalayan wetlands provide important habitat and layover sites for migratory birds. Many mid and low altitude lakes remain poorly studied in terms of their hydrology and biodiversity, like Khecheopalri in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas.<ref name="oneill_khecheopalri">{{cite journal |last1=O'Neill |first1=Alexander |display-authors=etal |date=25 February 2020 |title= Establishing Ecological Baselines Around a Temperate Himalayan Peatland |journal= Wetlands Ecology & Management |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=375–388 | doi=10.1007/s11273-020-09710-7 |bibcode=2020WetEM..28..375O |s2cid=211081106 }}</ref>

==Climate==
===Temperature===
The physical factors determining the climate in any location in the Himalayas include latitude, altitude, and the relative motion of the [[Southwest monsoon]].{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|p=50}} From north to south, the mountains cover more than eight degrees of latitude, spanning temperate to subtropical zones.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|p=50}} The colder air of Central Asia is prevented from blowing down into South Asia by the physical configuration of the Himalayas.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|p=50}} This causes the tropical zone to extend farther north in South Asia than anywhere else in the world.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|p=50}} The evidence is unmistakable in the Brahmaputra valley as the warm air from the [[Bay of Bengal]] bottlenecks and rushes up past [[Namcha Barwa]], the eastern anchor of the Himalayas, and into southeastern Tibet.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|p=50}} Temperatures in the Himalayas cool by 2.0 degrees C (3.6 degrees F) for every {{convert|300|m|ft}} increase of altitude.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|p=50}}
[[File:Kowang, Gandaki River, Nepal.jpg|thumb|[[Gandaki River]] in Nepal]]
As the physical features of mountains are irregular, with broken jagged contours, there can be wide variations in temperature over short distances.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} Temperature at a location on a mountain depends on the season of the year, the bearing of the sun with respect to the face on which the location lies, and the [[mass versus weight|mass]] of the mountain, i.e. the amount of [[matter]] in the mountain.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} As the temperature is directly proportional to received radiation from the sun, the faces that receive more direct sunlight also have a greater heat buildup.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} In narrow valleys—lying between steep mountain faces—there can be dramatically different weather along their two margins.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} The side to the north with a mountain above facing south can have an extra month of the growing season.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} The mass of the mountain also influences the temperature, as it acts as a [[heat island]], in which more heat is absorbed and retained than the surroundings, and therefore influences the [[heat budget]] or the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature from the winter minimum to the summer maximum.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}}

The immense scale of the Himalayas means that many summits can create their own weather, the temperature fluctuating from one summit to another, from one face to another, and all may be quite different from the weather in nearby plateaus or valleys.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}}

===Precipitation===
The Himalayan hydroclimate is crucial for South Asia, where annual summer monsoon floods impact millions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kad |first1=Pratik |last2=Ha |first2=Kyung-Ja |title=Recent Tangible Natural Variability of Monsoonal Orographic Rainfall in the Eastern Himalayas |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |publisher=AGU |language=en |doi=10.1029/2023JD038759 |date=27 November 2023|volume=128 |issue=22 |bibcode=2023JGRD..12838759K |doi-access=free }}</ref>

A critical influence on the Himalayan climate is the [[Southwest Monsoon]]. Variability in monsoon rainfall, influenced by local Hadley circulation and tropical sea surface temperatures, is the main factor behind wet and dry years.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kad |first1=Pratik |last2=Ha |first2=Kyung-Ja |title=Recent Tangible Natural Variability of Monsoonal Orographic Rainfall in the Eastern Himalayas |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |publisher=AGU |language=en |doi=10.1029/2023JD038759 |date=27 November 2023|volume=128 |issue=22 |bibcode=2023JGRD..12838759K |doi-access=free }}</ref> This is not so much the rain of the summer months as the wind that carries the rain.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} Different rates of heating and cooling between the Central Asian continent and the [[Indian Ocean]] create large differences in the [[atmospheric pressure]] prevailing above each.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} In the winter, a high-pressure system forms and remains suspended above Central Asia, forcing air to flow in the southerly direction over the Himalayas.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} But in Central Asia, as there is no substantial source for water to be diffused as vapour, the winter winds blowing across South Asia are dry.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} In the summer months, the Central Asian plateau heats up more than the ocean waters to its south. As a result, the air above it rises higher and higher, creating a [[thermal low]].{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} Off-shore high-pressure systems in the Indian Ocean push the moist summer air inland toward the low-pressure system. When the moist air meets mountains, it rises and upon subsequent cooling, its moisture condenses and is released as rain, typically heavy rain.{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}} The wet summer monsoon winds cause precipitation in India and all along the layered southern slopes of the Himalayas. This forced lifting of air is called the [[orographic effect]].{{sfn|Zurick|Pacheco|2006|pp=50–51}}
[[File:Machermo, Yaks, Nepal.jpg|thumb|A caravan of [[yak]]s in the Himalayas]]

===Winds===
The vast size, huge altitude range, and complex topography of the Himalayas mean they experience a wide range of climates, from humid subtropical in the foothills, to cold and dry desert conditions on the Tibetan side of the range. For much of the Himalayas—in the areas to the south of the high mountains, the [[monsoon]] is the most characteristic feature of the climate and causes most of the precipitation, while the [[western disturbance]] brings winter precipitation, especially in the west. Heavy rain arrives on the southwest monsoon in June and persists until September. The monsoon can seriously impact transport and cause major landslides. It restricts tourism – the trekking and mountaineering season is limited to either before the monsoon in April/May or after the monsoon in October/November (autumn). In Nepal and Sikkim, there are often considered to be five seasons: summer, [[monsoon]], autumn, (or post-monsoon), winter, and spring.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather & Season Info of Nepal |url=https://classichimalaya.com/weather-season-info-of-nepal/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=Classic Himalaya |language=en-US}}</ref>

Using the [[Köppen climate classification]], the lower elevations of the Himalayas, reaching in mid-elevations in central Nepal (including the Kathmandu valley), are classified as ''Cwa'', [[humid subtropical climate#South Asia|Humid subtropical climate]] with dry winters. Higher up, most of the Himalayas have a [[Oceanic climate#Subtropical highland variety (Cfb, Cwb)|subtropical highland climate (''Cwb'')]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

The intensity of the southwest monsoon diminishes as it moves westward along the range, with as much as {{convert|2,030|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall in the monsoon season in [[Darjeeling]] in the east, compared to only {{cvt|975|mm|abbr=on}} during the same period in Shimla in the west.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Climate of the Himalayas|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Himalayas/Climate|access-date=18 May 2022|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya|first1=David|last1=Zurick|first2=Julsun|last2=Pocheco|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|date=2006|isbn=9780813173849|page=52}}</ref>

The northern side of the Himalayas, also known as the Tibetan Himalaya, is dry, cold, and generally windswept, particularly in the west where it has a [[Desert climate#Cold desert climates|cold desert climate]]. The vegetation is sparse and stunted and the winters are severely cold. Most of the precipitation in the region is in the form of snow during the late winter and spring months.

{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| image1 = View on Gyakar (edited).jpg
| caption1 = The [[Desert climate#Cold desert climate|cold desert]] region of [[Upper Mustang]]; the region lies to the north of the [[Annapurna (mountain range)|Annapurna massif]] (visible in the background)
| image2 = BhurjungKhola-AK1981.jpg
| caption2 = A village in the [[Pokhara Valley]] during the monsoon season; the valley lies to the south of the [[Annapurna (mountain range)|Annapurna massif]]
}}

Local impacts on climate are significant throughout the Himalayas. Temperatures fall by 0.2 to 1.2 °C for every {{cvt|100|m|||abbr=}} rise in altitude.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Romshoo|first1=Shakil Ahmad|last2=Rafiq|first2=Mohammd|last3=Rashid|first3=Irfan|date=March 2018|title=Spatio-temporal variation of land surface temperature and temperature lapse rate over mountainous Kashmir Himalaya|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11629-017-4566-x|journal=Journal of Mountain Science|language=en|volume=15|issue=3|pages=563–576|doi=10.1007/s11629-017-4566-x|bibcode=2018JMouS..15..563R |s2cid=134568990|issn=1672-6316}}</ref> This gives rise to a variety of climates, from a nearly tropical climate in the foothills, to [[tundra]] and permanent snow and ice at higher elevations. Local climate is also affected by the topography: The leeward side of the mountains receive less rain while the well-exposed slopes get heavy rainfall and the [[rain shadow]] of large mountains can be significant, for example, leading to near desert conditions in the [[Upper Mustang]], which is sheltered from the monsoon rains by the [[Annapurna]] and [[Dhaulagiri]] massifs and has annual precipitation of around {{cvt|300|mm|||}}, while [[Pokhara]] on the southern side of the massifs has substantial rainfall ({{cvt|3900|mm|disp=or||}} a year). Thus, although annual precipitation is generally higher in the east than in the west, local variations are often more important.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

The Himalayas have a profound effect on the climate of the [[Indian subcontinent]] and the Tibetan Plateau. They prevent frigid, dry winds from blowing south into the subcontinent, which keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding [[temperate]] regions in the other continents. It also forms a barrier for the [[Monsoon of Indian subcontinent|monsoon]] winds, keeping them from traveling northwards, and causing heavy rainfall in the [[Terai]] region. The Himalayas are also believed to play an important part in the formation of Central Asian deserts, such as the [[Taklamakan]] and [[Gobi]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Devitt|first=Terry|title=Climate shift linked to rise of Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau|newspaper=University of Wisconsin–Madison News|date=3 May 2001|url=https://news.wisc.edu/climate-shift-linked-to-rise-of-himalayas-tibetan-plateau/|access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref>

===Climate change===

{{excerpt|Hindu Kush#Climate change}}

==Ecology==
{{main|Ecology of the Himalayas}}
{{multiple image |align=right |direction=vertical
|image1=Hemitragus jemlahicus Jharal.jpg |caption1=Male [[Himalayan tahr]]
|image2=RedPandaFullBody.JPG |caption2=[[Red panda]]
}}

The flora and fauna of the Himalayas vary with climate, rainfall, altitude, and soils. The climate ranges from tropical at the base of the mountains to permanent ice and snow at the highest elevations. The amount of yearly rainfall increases from west to east along the southern front of the range. This diversity of altitude, rainfall, and soil conditions, combined with the very high snow line, supports a variety of distinct plant and animal communities.<ref name="O'Neill_2019"/> The extremes of high altitude (low atmospheric pressure), combined with extreme cold, favor [[extremophile]] organisms.<ref>{{cite web|first=C. Michael|last=Hogan|year=2010|url=https://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Extremophiles|title=Extremophile|editor1-first=E.|editor1-last=Monosson |website=[[Encyclopedia of Earth]]|publisher=National Council for Science and the Environment|location=Washington, DC}}</ref><ref name="oneill_khecheopalri"/>

At high altitudes, the elusive and previously endangered [[snow leopard]] is the main predator. Its prey includes members of the goat family grazing on the alpine pastures and living on the rocky terrain, notably the endemic [[bharal]] or Himalayan blue sheep. The [[Himalayan musk deer]] is also found at high altitudes. Hunted for its musk, it is now rare and endangered. Other endemic or near-endemic herbivores include the [[Himalayan tahr]], the [[takin]], the [[Himalayan serow]], and the [[Himalayan goral]]. The critically endangered [[Himalayan brown bear|Himalayan]] subspecies of the [[brown bear]] is found sporadically across the range, as is the [[Asian black bear]]. In the mountainous mixed deciduous and conifer forests of the eastern Himalayas, [[red panda]]s feed in the dense understories of bamboo. Lower down, the forests of the foothills are inhabited by several different primates, including the endangered [[Gee's golden langur]] and the [[Kashmir gray langur]], with highly restricted ranges in the east and west of the Himalayas, respectively.<ref name="oneill_khecheopalri"/>

The unique floral and faunal wealth of the Himalayas is undergoing structural and compositional changes due to [[climate change]]. ''[[Hydrangea hirta]]'' is an example of floral species that can be found in this area. The increase in temperature is shifting various species to higher elevations. The oak forest is being invaded by pine forests in the Garhwal Himalayan region. There are reports of early flowering and fruiting in some tree species, especially [[rhododendron]], apple, and ''[[Myrica esculenta|box myrtle]]''. The highest known tree species in the Himalayas is ''[[Juniperus tibetica]],'' located at {{convert|4900|m|abbr=on|-1}} in Southeastern Tibet.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.uni-marburg.de/fb19/personal/professoren/miehe/pdfs/20074.pdf|title=Highest Treeline in the Northern Hemisphere Found in Southern Tibet|first1=Georg|last1=Miehe|first2=Sabine|last2=Miehe|first3=Jonas|last3=Vogel|first4=Sonam|last4=Co|first5=La|last5=Duo|journal=Mountain Research and Development|volume=27|issue=2|date=May 2007|pages=169–173|doi=10.1659/mrd.0792|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606103046/http://www.uni-marburg.de/fb19/personal/professoren/miehe/pdfs/20074.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2013|hdl=1956/2482|s2cid=6061587|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Irbis4.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Snow leopard]]]]
{{excerpt|Hindu Kush#Flora and fauna}}

==Climate-related concerns==
Similar to the mountains, the communities living near the Himalayas are experiencing climate change and its negative impacts significantly more than other parts of the world.<ref name="Alexander K., et al. 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Gentle |first1=Popular |last2=Thwaites |first2=Rik |last3=Race |first3=Digby |last4=Alexander |first4=Kim |title=Differential impacts of climate change on communities in the middle hills region of Nepal |journal=Natural Hazards |date=November 2014 |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=815–836 |doi=10.1007/s11069-014-1218-0 |bibcode=2014NatHa..74..815G |hdl=1885/66271 |s2cid=129787080 |url=DOI 10.1007/s11069-014-1218-0 |language=en|hdl-access=free }}</ref> Some of the impacts that the communities are facing include erratic rainfall, flooding, rising temperatures, and landslides.<ref name="Alexander K., et al. 2014"/> These impacts can have extreme negative effects on the villages living in the area especially as the temperatures rise at higher rates than many other places in the world (Alexander et al., 2014). There are more than 1.9 million people who are highly vulnerable due to climate change with an additional 10 million people at risk in Nepal.<ref name="Alexander K., et al. 2014"/> Nepal is among the top ten most vulnerable Global South countries due to climate change in the world, standing at number 4 as of 2010 according to the climate change risk atlas.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Agrawal |first1=A |last2=Perrin |first2=N |title=Climate adaptation, local institutions and rural livelihoods |date=2008 |publisher=IFRI Working Paper # W081-6 |location=University of Michigan, Michigan |pages= 350–367}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Maple Croft |title=Climate Risk Dataset |url=http://maplecroft.com/about/news/ccvi.html |language=en}}</ref> According to NAPA (National Adaptation Program of Action) of Nepal, many threats including floods, droughts, and landslides are an imminent threat to the glacial lake area.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |last1=GoN a |title=Climate Change Policy, 2011. |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu }}</ref> With this in consideration, climate change policy and framework for LAPA (Local Adaptation Plans of Action) were prepared in 2011 primarily focusing on addressing climatic hazards.<ref name="auto"/>

===Health impacts===
[[File:Ghandruk an Annapurna South.jpg|thumb|View of Ghandruk village in Nepal]]
Local communities are suffering from food scarcity and malnutrition as well as an increasing risk to diseases such as malaria and dengue fever as temperatures rise and allow these diseases to migrate further north.<ref name="journals.openedition.org">{{cite journal |last1=Devkota |first1=Fidel |title=Climate Change and its socio-cultural impact in the Himalayan region of Nepal – A Visual Documentation |journal=Anthrovision. Vaneasa Online Journal |date=1 August 2013 |volume=1 |issue=2 |doi=10.4000/anthrovision.589 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/anthrovision/589 }}</ref> There is also an increasing risk of water borne illnesses accompanied by an increasing lack of safe drinking water.<ref name="journals.openedition.org"/> Illness is not the only danger to the communities as temperatures sky rocket. With the climate changing weather patterns are also changing and more extreme weather events are occurring putting local communities more at risk to physical harm and death during erratic weather events.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.4000/anthrovision.589 |title=Climate Change and its socio-cultural impact in the Himalayan region of Nepal – A Visual Documentation |date=2013 |last1=Devkota |first1=Fidel |journal=Anthrovision |volume=1 |issue=2 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/anthrovision/589 }}</ref> Marginalized groups including children and women are experiencing more severe impacts from climate change and are often more exposed to disease and injury.<ref name="journals.openedition.org"/> Over the last couple years these health impacts have gotten increasingly worse and more common. Recent studies have shown that dengue fever has had a consistent pattern of epidemic in Nepal in the years 2010, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2022 with the largest in terms of severity occurring in 2022.<ref name="Three Climate and Health Lessons fr">{{cite journal |last1=Rublee |first1=Caitlin |last2=Bhatta |first2=Bishnu |last3=Tiwari |first3=Suresh |last4=Pant |first4=Suman |title=Three Climate and Health Lessons from Nepal Ahead of COP28 |journal=NAM Perspectives |date=29 November 2023 |volume=11 |issue=29 |doi=10.31478/202311f|pmid=38784635 |s2cid=265597908 |pmc=11114597 }}</ref> 54,784 reported cases were recorded from all 77 districts in seven provinces.<ref name="Three Climate and Health Lessons fr"/> These diseases are simply in addition to other diseases that can be seen with the rise of global temperatures and air pollution. Many vulnerable groups are experiencing an increase in respiratory illness, cardiac illnesses, and asthma.<ref name="eesi.org">{{cite web |last1=Berstrand |first1=s |title=Fact Sheet {{!}} Climate, Environmental, and Health Impacts of Fossil Fuels (2021) {{!}} White Papers {{!}} EESI |url=https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-climate-environmental-and-health-impacts-of-fossil-fuels-2021 |website=www.eesi.org}}</ref> The heat can lead to issues such as a strain on respiratory illnesses, heat stroke, and fever.<ref name="eesi.org"/> There is also the increased risk of cancer.<ref name="eesi.org"/> Many lower income communities such as the himalayan villages suffer from exposure to more pollution or in some cases exposure to toxic chemicals which has led to an increased rate of cancer in these communities as well as an increased risk of death.<ref name="eesi.org"/>

===Agricultural impacts===
[[File:Mustang-Kagbeni-01d-von Norden-Kali Gandaki-2015-gje.jpg|thumb|View of [[Kagbeni, Mustang|Kagbeni]] village in Nepal]]
The increasing temperatures are also leading to a decrease in territory for local wildlife. This trend has decreased the prey populations of at-risk predators, such as snow leopards. Seeking alternative food sources, snow leopards and other predators attack local farmers' livestock. This livestock consists of yaks, oxen, horses, and goats.<ref name="Snow leopard Panthera uncia predati">{{cite journal |last1=Oli |first1=Madan K. |last2=Taylor |first2=Iain R. |last3=Rogers |first3=M. Elizabeth |title=Snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal |journal=Biological Conservation |date=1 January 1994 |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=63–68 |doi=10.1016/0006-3207(94)90547-9 |bibcode=1994BCons..68...63O }}</ref> Snow leopards have killed about 2.6% of the local livestock per year in response to their shrinking habitat.<ref name="Snow leopard Panthera uncia predati"/> The overall loss, about a quarter of the average income of local farmers, has had a major impact on the local economy.<ref name="Snow leopard Panthera uncia predati"/> In retaliation, farmers have begun killing snow leopards, seeking to protect their livestock and their livelihoods.<ref name="Snow leopard Panthera uncia predati"/>

===Policy changes===
Nepal is a part of the Paris agreement and thus is required to have a climate action plan and is being tracked by the Climate Action Tracker.<ref name="Nepal">{{cite web |title=Nepal |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/nepal/ |website=climateactiontracker.org |language=en}}</ref> According to the Climate Action Tracker, Nepal is "almost sufficient" on its track to reach the goals set by the Paris Agreement.<ref name="Nepal"/> There are two factors that hold Nepal back from reaching sufficient status and thus stand out.<ref name="Nepal"/> There is no Climate Finance Plan and emissions and temperature rising rate ranking at critically insufficient.<ref name="Nepal"/> Nepal has many goals, however, that are on track with the Paris Agreement.<ref name="Nepal"/> The first of note being a goal of net-zero emissions by 2045.<ref name="Nepal"/> To reach this goal Nepal submitted two separate plans to account for whatever future they experience the first being WAM (with additional measures) and the second being WEM (with existing measures).<ref name="Nepal"/> WEM is based primarily on already existing policies and highlights the energy sector as the main target for CO2 reduction.<ref name="Nepal"/> The WAM scenario introduces a far more ambitious strategy for reducing emissions.<ref name="Nepal"/> In this scenario the focus is primarily on an intervention method and disruption of the energy sector reducing the use of fossil fuels and the incorporation of renewable energy sources. This pathway heavily relies on reducing emissions from energy sources while preserving the carbon-absorbing capacity of the LULUCF (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry) sector.<ref name="Nepal"/> Under this scenario, it is anticipated that net CO2 emissions will remain negative from 2020 to 2030, approach 'zero' between 2035 and 2045, and then revert to negative values by 2050.<ref name="Nepal"/> The goal of this scenario is to accelerate the journey toward achieving carbon neutrality before 2045.<ref name="Nepal"/> These policies along with many more have Nepal on track to stay beneath the 1.5 threshold set by the Paris Agreement.<ref name="Nepal"/>

===Local adaptation===
[[File:Garhwal Himal from Camels Back (5281754856).jpg|thumb|[[Garhwal Himalayas]] in the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]]]]
[[File:View of the Lakir Monastery.JPG|thumb|[[Likir Monastery]] in [[Ladakh]]]]
In recent years many citizens of these Himalayan communities have started to notice the extreme effects of climate change by experiencing nature itself.<ref name="Climate change and the Western Hima">{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=Suraj |last2=Mishra |first2=Anindya Jayanta |title=Climate change and the Western Himalayan community: Exploring the local perspective through food choices |journal=Ambio |date=1 March 2023 |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=534–545 |doi=10.1007/s13280-022-01810-3 |pmid=36480087 |pmc=9735043 |bibcode=2023Ambio..52..534D }}</ref> They have noticed a decrease in precipitation especially in lowland districts, fluctuating temperatures during months of the year that are typically cooler, and changes in weather patterns even compared to early 2000s weather.<ref name="Climate change and the Western Hima"/> Many local villagers have identified climate change simply through the availability of certain native plants decreasing or shifting seasons.<ref name="Climate change and the Western Hima"/> The concept of climate change has now been aligned with the risk of natural disasters and has increased awareness in the local communities.<ref name="Climate change and the Western Hima"/> These impacts of climate change have greatly affected agriculture in the area and has forced farmers to change crops and when they plant them.<ref name="Climate change and the Western Hima"/> In response to this rather than push for policy change, citizens have begun to adapt to climate change.<ref name="Rural coping and adaptation strateg">{{cite journal |last1=Dhungana |first1=Nabin |last2=Silwal |first2=Nisha |last3=Upadhaya |first3=Suraj |last4=Khadka |first4=Chiranjeewee |last5=Regmi |first5=Sunil Kumar |last6=Joshi |first6=Dipesh |last7=Adhikari |first7=Samjhana |title=Rural coping and adaptation strategies for climate change by Himalayan communities in Nepal |journal=Journal of Mountain Science |date=1 June 2020 |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=1462–1474 |doi=10.1007/s11629-019-5616-3 |bibcode=2020JMouS..17.1462D |s2cid=219281555 }}</ref> According to Dhungana, 91.94% of the respondents experienced drought as major climatic hazards then floods at 83.87%, landslides at 70.97%, and forest fires at 67.74%.<ref name="Rural coping and adaptation strateg"/> In response to this citizens have begun adapting and adopting new practices.<ref name="Rural coping and adaptation strateg"/> As a response to drought at the high altitudes, plantations are planting more protective trees, drought resistant plants, and have begun adopting irrigation practices drawing from nearby streams.<ref name="Rural coping and adaptation strateg"/> In response to flooding, farmers have created more basins, dam construction, and small drainage canals.<ref name="Rural coping and adaptation strateg"/>

The response to landslides includes plantation grasses in previously barren areas, Gabion wall construction, avoiding livestock grazing in landslide-prone areas, and a prohibition on tillage in areas at risk of landslides.<ref name="Rural coping and adaptation strateg"/> To fight the increased rate of forest fires, citizens have begun beating the fires with green branches and mud, construction of fire lines, and are raising awareness about the wildfires.<ref name="Rural coping and adaptation strateg"/> Fire lines are lines of varying width built through the leaf litter of a forest floor down to the soil and minerals to prevent a spread of fire past the line.<ref>{{cite web |last1=BMP |title=Fire Lines and Lanes. |url=http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agcomm/pubs/for/for67/bmp12.pdf |publisher=BMP No. 12, Fire Lines and Lanes}}</ref> The main reason for these adaptations is to decrease the risk that climate change poses over these marginalized communities while taking advantage of the moment and allowing for a positive change towards a more sustainable or adaptable future.<ref name="Rural coping and adaptation strateg"/> Major barriers to these adaptations include a lack of funds, a lack of knowledge, a lack of technology, a lack of time, and lack of mandatory policy.<ref name="Rural coping and adaptation strateg"/>

==Religions==
{{multiple image |align=right |direction=vertical
|image1=Taktshang.jpg |caption1=The [[Paro Taktsang|Taktsang]] Monastery, [[Bhutan]], also known as the "Tiger's Nest"
|image2=Harmukh Mountain.jpg|caption2= [[Harmukh]] is a sacred mountain for Hindus located in the Himalayas north of [[Kashmir Valley]].
}}
There are many cultural and mythological aspects associated with the Himalayas. In [[Jainism]], Mount Ashtapada of the Himalayan mountain range is a sacred place where the first Jain ''[[tirthankara]]'', [[Rishabhanatha]], attained ''[[moksha]]''. It is believed that after Rishabhanatha attained ''[[nirvana]]'', his son, [[Bharata (Jainism)|Bharata]], had constructed three stupas and twenty four shrines of the 24 [[Tirthankaras|''tirthankara''s]] with their idols studded with precious stones over there and named it ''Sinhnishdha''.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y4aVRLGhf-8C&q=mount+Kailash+jainism&pg=RA1-PA273 | title=Faith & Philosophy of Jainism| isbn=978-81-7835-723-2| last1=Jain| first1=Arun Kumar| year=2009| publisher=Gyan Publishing House}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-21/spiritual-destinations/29739255_1_manasarovar-water-moon |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707034645/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-21/spiritual-destinations/29739255_1_manasarovar-water-moon |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 July 2012 |title=To heaven and back |date=11 January 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref> For the Hindus, the Himalayas are personified as [[Himavat]], the king of all mountains and the father of the goddess [[Parvati]].<ref name=":1" /> The Himalayas are also considered to be the father of the goddess [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]] (the personification of river Ganges).<ref>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend|isbn=978-0-500-51088-9|first=Anna|last=Dallapiccola|year=2002|publisher=National Geographic Books |url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofhind0000dall}}</ref> Two of the most sacred places of pilgrimage for the Hindus are the temple complex in [[Pashupatinath Temple|Pashupatinath]] and [[Muktinath]], also known as Shaligrama because of the presence of the sacred black rocks called [[shaligram]]s.<ref name="JEE" />

The [[Buddhists]] also lay a great deal of importance on the Himalayas. Paro Taktsang is the holy place where [[Buddhism]] started in [[Bhutan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/kimberly-cantor/paro-bhutan-the-tigers-ne_b_10982104.html|title=Paro, Bhutan: The Tiger's Nest|last=Cantor|first=Kimberly|date=14 July 2016|website=Huffington Post|language=en-US|access-date=9 June 2018}}</ref> The Muktinath is also a place of pilgrimage for the Tibetan Buddhists. They believe that the trees in the poplar grove came from the walking sticks of eighty-four ancient Indian Buddhist magicians or ''mahasiddhas''. They consider the saligrams to be representatives of the Tibetan serpent deity known as Gawo Jagpa.<ref name=":4">{{cite book|last1=Zurick|first1=David|last2=Julsun|first2=Pacheco|last3=Basanta|first3=Raj Shrestha|last4=Birendra|first4=Bajracharya|title=Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya|location=Lexington|publisher=U of Kentucky|year=2006}}</ref> The Himalayan people's diversity shows in many different ways. It shows through their architecture, their languages, and dialects, their beliefs and rituals, as well as their clothing.<ref name=":4" /> The shapes and materials of the people's homes reflect their practical needs and beliefs. Another example of the diversity amongst the Himalayan peoples is that handwoven textiles display colors and patterns unique to their ethnic backgrounds. Finally, some people place great importance on jewelry. The Rai and Limbu women wear big gold earrings and nose rings to show their wealth through their jewelry.<ref name=":4" /> Several places in the Himalayas are of religious significance in, [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]], [[Sikhism]], [[Islam]] and [[Hinduism]]. A notable example of a religious site is [[Paro Taktsang]], where [[Padmasambhava]] is said to have founded [[Buddhism]] in [[Bhutan]].<ref name="Pommaret">{{cite book|author=Pommaret, Francoise|title=Bhutan Himalayan Mountains Kingdom|edition=5th|publisher=Odyssey Books and Guides|year=2006|pages=136–137|isbn=978-962-217-810-6}}</ref>

A number of [[Vajrayana|Vajrayana Buddhist]] sites are situated in the Himalayas, in [[Tibet]], [[Bhutan]], and in the Indian regions of [[Ladakh]], Sikkim, [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Spiti Valley|Spiti]], and [[Darjeeling]]. There were over 6,000 [[List of Tibetan monasteries|monasteries]] in Tibet, including the residence of the [[Dalai Lama]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7307495.stm|title=Tibetan monks: A controlled life|work=BBC News|date=20 March 2008}}</ref> [[Bhutan]], [[Sikkim]], and [[Ladakh]] are also dotted with numerous monasteries.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mehra |first=P. L. |date=1960 |title=Lacunae in the Study of the History of Bhutan and Sikkim |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44137539 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=23 |pages=190–201 |jstor=44137539 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

==Resources==
The Himalayas are home to a diversity of medicinal resources. Plants from the forests have been used for millennia to treat conditions ranging from simple coughs to snake bites.<ref name = JEE>{{Cite journal |title=Ecological status and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary of Garhwal Himalaya, India |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=9 |page=1 |author1=Jahangeer A. Bhat |author2=Munesh Kumar |author3-link=Rainer W. Bussman |author3=Rainer W. Bussmann |date=2 January 2013 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/1746-4269-9-1 |pmid=23281594 |pmc=3560114 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Different parts of the plants – root, flower, stem, leaves, and bark – are used as remedies for different ailments. For example, a bark extract from an ''[[Abies pindrow]]'' tree is used to treat coughs and bronchitis. Leaf and stem paste from an ''[[Andrachne|Andrachne cordifolia]]'' is used for wounds and as an antidote for snake bites. The bark of a ''[[Callicarpa|Callicarpa arborea]]'' is used for skin ailments.<ref name=JEE /> Nearly a fifth of the [[gymnosperm]]s, [[Flowering plant|angiosperms]], and [[pteridophyte]]s in the Himalayas are found to have medicinal properties, and more are likely to be discovered.<ref name=JEE/>

Most of the population in some Asian and African countries depends on medicinal plants rather than prescriptions and such.<ref name=":1">{{cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=Pankaj|last2=Sharma|first2=Vijay Kumar|title=Healing Traditions of the Northwestern Himalayas|year=2014|publisher=Springer Briefs in Environmental Science|isbn=978-81-322-1925-5}}</ref> Since so many people use medicinal plants as their only source of healing in the Himalayas, the plants are an important source of income. This contributes to economic and modern industrial development both inside and outside the region.<ref name=":1" /> The only problem is that locals are rapidly clearing the forests on the Himalayas for wood, often illegally.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Himalayan Forests Disappearing|journal=Earth Island Journal|volume=21|issue=4|year=2006|pages=7–8}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col}}
* [[Eastern Himalaya|Eastern]] and [[Western Himalaya]]
* [[Indian Himalayan Region]]
* [[List of Himalayan peaks and passes]]
* [[List of Himalayan topics]]
* [[List of mountains in India]], [[List of mountains in Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[Mountains of Bhutan|Bhutan]], [[List of mountains in Nepal|Nepal]] and [[List of mountains in China|China]]
* [[List of Ultras of the Himalayas]]
* [[Trekking peak]]
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=circum>{{cite journal |title=Geochemistry of the Suspended Sediments of Circum-Himalayan Rivers and Weathering Budgets over the Last 50 Myrs |journal=Geophysical Research Abstracts |year=2003 |volume=5 | page=13,617 |id=Abstract 13617 |last1=Gaillardet |first1=J. |last2=Métivier |first2=F. |last3=Lemarchand |first3=D. |last4=Dupré |first4=B. |last5=Allègre |first5=C.J. |last6=Li |first6=W. |last7=Zhao |first7=J. |url=http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/13617/EAE03-J-13617.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/13617/EAE03-J-13617.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=4 November 2006 |bibcode=2003EAEJA....13617G}}</ref>

<ref name=gits4u>{{cite web |url=http://www.gits4u.com/wb/wb6a.htm |title=Sunderbans the world's largest delta |publisher=gits4u.com |access-date=3 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103191637/http://www.gits4u.com/wb/wb6a.htm |archive-date=3 January 2015 }}</ref>

<ref name=IPPC2007>{{cite web | url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch10s10-6-2.html |title=the Himalayan Glaciers | date=2007 |website=Fourth assessment report on climate change |publisher=IPPC |access-date=22 January 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Kuhle2011>{{cite book |title=Quaternary Glaciation – Extent and Chronology, A Closer Look |author=Kuhle, M. |year=2011 |chapter=The High Glacial (Last Ice Age and Last Glacial Maximum) Ice Cover of High and Central Asia, with a Critical Review of Some Recent OSL and TCN Dates |editor1-last=Ehlers |editor1-first=J. |editor2-last=Gibbard |editor2-first=P.L. |editor3-last=Hughes |editor3-first=P.D. |location=[[Amsterdam]] |publisher=[[Elsevier]] BV |pages=943–965}}</ref>

<ref name=Kuhle2005>{{cite journal |last=Kuhle |first=M. |year=2005 |title=The maximum Ice Age (Würmian, Last Ice Age, LGM) glaciation of the Himalaya – a glaciogeomorphological investigation of glacier trim-lines, ice thicknesses and lowest former ice margin positions in the Mt. Everest-Makalu-Cho Oyu massifs (Khumbu- and Khumbakarna Himal) including information on late-glacial-, neoglacial-, and historical glacier stages, their snow-line depressions and ages |journal=GeoJournal |volume=62 |pages=193–650 |issue=3–4 |doi=10.1007/s10708-005-2338-6}}</ref>

<ref name=Kuhle1987>{{cite journal |title=Subtropical mountain- and highland-glaciation as ice age triggers and the waning of the glacial periods in the Pleistocene |author=Kuhle, M. |year=1987 |journal=[[GeoJournal]] |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=393–421 |doi=10.1007/BF02602717|bibcode=1987GeoJo..14..393M |s2cid=129366521 }}</ref>

<ref name=pbs_nature>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/the-himalayas-himalayas-facts/6341/ |title=The Himalayas – Himalayas Facts |website=Nature on PBS |access-date=21 January 2014 |date=11 February 2011}}</ref>

<ref name=USGS>{{cite web |url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/himalaya.html |title=The Himalayas: Two continents collide |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] |date=5 May 1999 |access-date=3 January 2015}}</ref>
}}

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* {{citation|last1=Zurick|first1=David|last2=Pacheco|first2=Julsun|others=with Basanta Shrestha and Birendra Bajracharya| title=Illustrated Atlas of the Himalayas|location=Lexington|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813123882|year=2006|oclc=1102237054}}

===Geology===
* {{cite book|last=Chakrabarti|first=B. K. |title=Geology of the Himalayan Belt: Deformation, Metamorphism, Stratigraphy|location=Amsterdam and Boston|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-802021-0|year=2016}}
* {{cite book|last=Davies|first=Geoffrey F.|title=Stories from the Deep Earth: How Scientists Figured Out What Drives Tectonic Plates and Mountain Building|location=Cham, Switzerland|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2022|isbn= 978-3-030-91358-8|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-91359-5|s2cid=245636487 }}
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===Ecology===
===Society===
===Pilgrimage and Tourism===
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* {{citation|last=Lim|first=Francis Khek Ghee|title=Hotels as sites of power: tourism, status, and politics in Nepal Himalaya|journal=Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute |series=New Series|publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute|volume = 13|pages= 721–738|year=2007|issue=3 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00452.x }}
* {{citation|last1=Nyaupane |first1=Gyan P.|last2=Chhetri|first2=Netra|year=2009|title=Vulnerability to Climate Change of Nature-Based Tourism in the Nepalese Himalayas|journal=Tourism Geographies|volume=11|issue=1|pages=95–119|doi=10.1080/14616680802643359|s2cid=55042146 }}
* {{citation|editor1-last=Nyaupane|editor1-first=Gyan P.|editor2-last=Timothy|editor2-first=Dallen J.|title=Tourism and Development in the Himalya: Social, Environmental, and Economic Forces|year=2022|isbn=9780367466275|location=London and New York|publisher=Routledge|series=Routledge Cultural Heritage and Tourism Series}}
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* {{citation|last1=Serenari|first1=Christopher|last2=Leung|first2=Yu-Fai|last3=Attarian|first3=Aram|last4=Franck|first4=Chris|title=Understanding environmentally significant behavior among whitewater rafting and trekking guides in the Garhwal Himalaya, India|issn=|journal=Journal of Sustainable Tourism|volume=20|issue=5|pages=757–772|year=2012|doi=10.1080/09669582.2011.638383|bibcode=2012JSusT..20..757S |s2cid=153859477 }}

===Mountaineering and Trekking===

==Further reading==
* [[William McKay Aitken|Aitken, Bill]], ''Footloose in the Himalaya'', Delhi, Permanent Black, 2003. {{ISBN|81-7824-052-1}}.
* Berreman, Gerald Duane, ''Hindus of the Himalayas: Ethnography and Change'', 2nd rev. ed., Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1997.
* Edmundson, Henry, ''Tales from the Himalaya'', Vajra Books, Kathmandu, 2019. {{ISBN|978-9937-9330-3-2}}.
* ''Everest'', the IMAX movie (1998). {{ISBN|0-7888-1493-1}}.
* Fisher, James F., ''Sherpas: Reflections on Change in Himalayan Nepal'', 1990. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990. {{ISBN|0-520-06941-2}}.
* [[Augusto Gansser-Biaggi|Gansser, Augusto]], [[Andreas Gruschke|Gruschke, Andreas]], Olschak, Blanche C., ''Himalayas. Growing Mountains, Living Myths, Migrating Peoples'', New York, Oxford: Facts On File, 1987. {{ISBN|0-8160-1994-0}} and New Delhi: Bookwise, 1987.
* Gupta, Raj Kumar, ''Bibliography of the Himalayas'', Gurgaon, Indian Documentation Service, 1981.
* [[John Hunt, Baron Hunt|Hunt, John]], ''Ascent of Everest'', London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1956. {{ISBN|0-89886-361-9}}.
* [[Maurice Isserman|Isserman, Maurice]] and Weaver, Stewart, ''Fallen Giants: The History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes''. Yale University Press, 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-300-11501-7}}.
* Ives, Jack D. and Messerli, Bruno, ''The Himalayan Dilemma: Reconciling Development and Conservation''. London / New York, Routledge, 1989. {{ISBN|0-415-01157-4}}.
* Lall, J.S. (ed.) in association with Moddie, A.D., ''The Himalaya, Aspects of Change''. Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1981. {{ISBN|0-19-561254-X}}.
* Nandy, S.N., Dhyani, P.P. and Samal, P.K., ''[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/ENVIS%20Monograph/ENVIS%20Monograph%203.pdf Resource Information Database of the Indian Himalaya]'', Almora, GBPIHED, 2006.
* [[Swami Sundaranand]], ''Himalaya: Through the Lens of a Sadhu''. Published by Tapovan Kuti Prakashan (2001). {{ISBN|81-901326-0-1}}.
* Swami [[Tapovan Maharaj]], ''Wanderings in the Himalayas'', English Edition, Madras, Chinmaya Publication Trust, 1960. Translated by T.N. Kesava Pillai.
* [[Bill Tilman|Tilman, H. W.]], ''Mount Everest, 1938'', Cambridge University Press, 1948.
* Turner, Bethan, et al. ''Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010: Himalaya and Vicinity''. Denver, United States Geological Survey, 2013.

==External links==
{{sister project links|auto=1}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130118002451/http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/ The Digital Himalaya research project at Cambridge and Yale] (archived)
* [http://oak.ucc.nau.edu/wittke/Tibet/Himalaya.html Geology of the Himalayan mountains] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616162641/http://oak.ucc.nau.edu/wittke/Tibet/Himalaya.html |date=16 June 2010 }}
* [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/earth/birth.html Birth of the Himalaya]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130319033748/http://pulitzercenter.org/projects/asia/south-asias-troubled-waters South Asia's Troubled Waters] Journalistic project at the Pulitzer Centre for Crisis Reporting (archived)
* [https://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Biological_diversity_in_the_Himalayas Biological diversity in the Himalayas] Encyclopedia of Earth
{{Navboxes top}}
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Hyperion (tree)

2024-10-23T09:49:32Z

Hike395: restore coordinates per consensus at Talk

{{Short description|World's tallest tree - California, US}}
{{Other uses|Hyperion (disambiguation)}}
{{use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox tree
| name = Hyperion
| mapframe = no
| image =
| image_caption =
| species = Coast redwood
| binomial = ''[[Sequoia sempervirens]]''
| height = {{cvt|116.07|m|ft}} (2019)<ref name=Ghose/>
| volume = {{cvt|18600|ft3|m3|order=flip}}<ref name=Preston/>
| coordinates = {{coord|41|12.3|N|124|1.0|W|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:US-CA_type:landmark}}<br/>(center of closed area)<ref name=closure/> 
| map = California
| map_size = 160
| relief = 1
| map_caption = Approximate location in California
}}

'''Hyperion''' is a [[Sequoia sempervirens|coast redwood]] (''Sequoia sempervirens'') in [[California]] that is the world's tallest known living tree, measured at {{convert|116.07|m|ft}} tall in 2019.<ref name="Ghose">{{cite news |last=Ghose |first=Tia |date=May 23, 2022 |title=What is the world's tallest tree? |url=https://www.livescience.com/28729-tallest-tree-in-world.html |publisher=[[LiveScience]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fish |first=Tom |date=2021-10-18 |title=The 25 tallest trees in the world |url=https://www.newsweek.com/tallest-trees-world-redwood-fir-gum-rainforest-borneo-1633800 |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref>

Hyperion was discovered on August 25, 2006, by [[Natural history|naturalists]] Chris Atkins and [[Michael Taylor (forester)|Michael Taylor]].<ref name=":0">{{cite magazine|last=Preston|first=R|title=Tall for its age – Climbing a record breaking redwood|magazine=The New Yorker|date=2006-10-09|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/10/09/tall-for-its-age|access-date=2010-03-26}}</ref> The tree height of {{convert|115.55|m|ft|abbr=on}} was verified by [[Stephen C. Sillett|Stephen Sillett]] in 2006 using both a [[Laser rangefinder|laser range finder]] and a fiberglass tape to measure the tree from the base to the crown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krulwich |first=Robert |date=April 8, 2011 |title=The World's Tallest Tree Is Hiding Somewhere In California |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2011/04/08/135206497/the-worlds-tallest-tree-is-hiding-somewhere-in-california |url-status=live |access-date=October 22, 2024 |website=NPR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-10-01 |title=HSU Prof Confirms World's Tallest Tree {{!}} Humboldt NOW {{!}} Cal Poly Humboldt |url=https://now.humboldt.edu/news/hsu-prof-confirms-worlds-tallest-tree |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=now.humboldt.edu |language=en}}</ref> The tree has grown since then to reach {{convert|116.07|m|ft}} recorded in 2019. Hyperion was found in a remote area of [[Redwood National Park]], inside of the originally designated park boundaries of 1968.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Hyperion Tree - Famous Redwoods |url=http://famousredwoods.com/hyperion/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=famousredwoods.com}}</ref> The park also houses the second-, fourth- and fifth-tallest known trees, coast redwoods named Helios, Icarus, and Daedalus, which respectively measured 377, 371 and 363 feet in 2022.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/08/01/1114846960/hyperion-tree-off-limits-fine|
title=People who want to visit the world's tallest living tree now risk a $5,000 fine|date=August 1, 2022|first=Juliana|last=Kim|publisher=NPR}}
</ref><ref name=Co>{{cite news|url=https://www.natureworldnews.com/amp/articles/56778/20230602/meet-hyperion-tallest-tree-world-leafy-giants-came-close.htm|title=Meet Hyperion, the Tallest Tree in the World, and Other Leafy Giants That Came Close|first=Rich|last=Co|date=June 2, 2023|publisher=Nature World News}}</ref>

The tree was named after the titan [[Hyperion (Titan)|Hyperion]] from [[Greek mythology]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

Hyperion is estimated to be between 600 and 800 years old<ref name=Ghose/><ref name=Co/><ref name="Martin2006">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=G |date=2006-09-29 |title=World's tallest tree, a redwood, confirmed |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/09/29/BAGBULF6NG1.DTL&hw=hyperion&sn=004&sc=799 |access-date=2009-08-09 |work=SFGate}}</ref> and contain {{convert|18600|cuft|m3|abbr=on|order=flip}} of wood.<ref name=Preston>{{cite book|last=Preston|first=R|title=The Wild Trees: A Story Of Passion And Daring|publisher=Allen Lane Publishers|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8129-7559-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/wildtreesstoryof00pres/page/284 284]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/wildtreesstoryof00pres}}</ref>
[[File:Redwood National Park REDW9343.jpg|thumb|Coast redwoods in Redwood National Park]]
The exact location of Hyperion is nominally secret but is available via internet search.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfgate.com/california-parks/article/tallest-tree-world-Hyperion-redwood-national-park-15845425.php|title=Why you should skip seeing Hyperion, the tallest tree in the world|first=Ashley|last=Harrell|newspaper=SfGate|date=2021-01-05}}</ref> However, in July 2022, the Redwood Park superintendent closed the entire area around the tree, citing "devastation of the [[habitat]] surrounding Hyperion" caused by visitors. Its base was trampled by the overuse and as a result [[Fern|ferns]] no longer grow around the tree.<ref name="closure" /> Anyone who gets too close could face up to six months in jail and and a $5,000 maximum fine.<ref name="closure">{{cite web|title=Should I Hike to Hyperion?|url=https://www.nps.gov/redw/planyourvisit/hyperion.htm|work=Redwood National Park|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=31 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title = Want to see the world's tallest tree? You could get fined $5,000. | url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/travel/2022/08/01/worlds-tallest-tree-fine/ | author = Alexis Benveniste | date = 1 August 2022 | newspaper = [[Washington Post]] | access-date = 2 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tumin |first=Remy |date=2022-08-02 |title=Thinking of Visiting the World's Tallest Tree? Think Again. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/02/us/hyperion-tree-redwood-california.html |access-date=2023-09-14 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of superlative trees]]
* [[List of individual trees]]
* [[List of tallest trees]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101206130144/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/01/070123-redwoods-video.html National Geographic Video: "World's Tallest Tree Towers Over California"]
* [http://www.mdvaden.com/redwood_hyperion.shtml M.D. Vaden.com: Information about the Hyperion Coast Redwood Tree]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01bwmw4 BBC Radio documentary] featuring Hyperion

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Individual coast redwood trees]]
[[Category:Redwood National and State Parks]]

User talk:Aaghdam1722

2024-10-21T21:24:30Z

Hike395: /* October 2024 */ if you could explain how you are generating your climate table values, that could help with an unblock.

{{Talk header}}

== Your submission at [[Wikipedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:Raywood Flat, California|Raywood Flat, California]] (November 27) ==
<div style="border: solid 1px #FCC; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;"> [[File:AFC-Logo_Decline.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission to [[Wikipedia:Articles for creation|Articles for Creation]] has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.<nowiki> </nowiki>The reason left by WikiOriginal-9 was:

{{divbox|gray|3=This draft's references do not show that the subject [[Wikipedia:Notability|qualifies for a Wikipedia article]]. In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: <br />
* ''[[WP:Notability#General notability guideline|in-depth]]'' (not just passing mentions about the subject)
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* [[Wikipedia:Independent sources|''independent'']] of the subject <br />
Make sure you add references that meet these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about [[Wikipedia:Common sourcing mistakes (notability)|mistakes to avoid]] when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia.|}} Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''after they have been resolved''.
{{clear}}
* If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to [[Draft:Raywood Flat, California]] and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
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[[User:WikiOriginal-9|<span style="color: blue">'''''~WikiOriginal-9~'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:WikiOriginal-9|<span style="color: blue">'''talk'''</span>]]) 23:09, 27 November 2023 (UTC)</div>

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| <div style="background-color:#e1e6db; color: #393D38; padding: 1em; font-size: 1.1em; border-radius:10px;box-shadow:-2px -2px 1px #8e8a78;">Hello, '''Aaghdam1722'''!
Having an article draft declined at Articles for Creation can be disappointing. If you are wondering why your article submission was declined, please post a question at the '''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Help desk|Articles for creation help desk]]'''. If you have any ''other'' questions about your editing experience, we'd love to help you at the '''[[Wikipedia:Teahouse|Teahouse]]''', a friendly space on Wikipedia where experienced editors lend a hand to help new editors like yourself! See you there! [[User:WikiOriginal-9|<span style="color: blue">'''''~WikiOriginal-9~'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:WikiOriginal-9|<span style="color: blue">'''talk'''</span>]]) 23:09, 27 November 2023 (UTC)</div>
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== Your submission at [[Wikipedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:Raywood Flat, California|Raywood Flat, California]] (November 28) ==
<div style="border: solid 1px #FCC; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;"> [[File:AFC-Logo_Decline.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission to [[Wikipedia:Articles for creation|Articles for Creation]] has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.<nowiki> </nowiki>The reasons left by Dan arndt were:

{{divbox|gray|3=This draft's references do not show that the subject [[Wikipedia:Notability|qualifies for a Wikipedia article]]. In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: <br />
* ''[[WP:Notability#General notability guideline|in-depth]]'' (not just passing mentions about the subject)
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* [[Wikipedia:No original research#Secondary|''secondary'']]
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Make sure you add references that meet these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about [[Wikipedia:Common sourcing mistakes (notability)|mistakes to avoid]] when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia.|}}{{divbox|gray|3=This submission is not adequately supported by [[WP:RS|reliable sources]]. ''Reliable'' sources are required so that information can be [[WP:Verifiability|verified]]. If you need help with referencing, please see [[Help:Referencing for beginners|Referencing for beginners]] and [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]].|}} The comment the reviewer left was:

{{divbox|blue|3=Fails [[WP:NGEO]], requires significant coverage in <u>multiple</u> independent secondary sources.}} Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''after they have been resolved''.
{{clear}}
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[[User:Dan arndt|Dan arndt]] ([[User talk:Dan arndt|talk]]) 03:49, 28 November 2023 (UTC)</div>

==Concern regarding [[Draft:Raywood Flat, California]]==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, Aaghdam1722. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that [[Draft:Raywood Flat, California]], a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Drafts that have not been edited for six months [[WP:G13|may be deleted]], so if you wish to retain the page, please [[Special:EditPage/Draft:Raywood Flat, California|edit it]] again or [[WP:USERFY|request]] that it be moved to your userspace.

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Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. [[User:FireflyBot|FireflyBot]] ([[User talk:FireflyBot|talk]]) 04:06, 29 April 2024 (UTC)

== Please stop ==

Please stop changing climate data on articles without explaining why you are doing this. It looks like vandalism. Thanks. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 22:05, 16 September 2024 (UTC)
:And at [[Mi-Wuk Village, California]], your numbers did not match the source cited. Please stop your disruptive editing. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 22:19, 16 September 2024 (UTC)

== September 2024 ==

[[File:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px|alt=Warning icon]] Please stop. If you continue to add [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|unsourced or poorly sourced]] content, as you did at [[:Waterbury, Connecticut]], you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked from editing]].  [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 20:43, 30 September 2024 (UTC)

== October 2024 ==

[[File:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px|alt=Stop icon]] You may be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked from editing]] without further warning''' the next time you add [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|unsourced or poorly sourced]] material to Wikipedia, as you did at [[:Mammoth Lakes, California]]. ''You appear to be corrupting the climate data on multiple pages.'' — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 21:10, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:For climate data, it isn't enough to simply link to a top level website, such as [https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/], as you did at [[Ansel Adams Wilderness]]. All information and data added to Wikipedia must be [[WP:V|verifiable]]: other editors need to be able to check it. Without a deep link to a specific page, or adding information about which weather station you are using, the climate data is not verifiable.

:I'm going to revert your addition of a weather box in [[Ansel Adams Wilderness]]. You're causing other editors a tremendous amount of work by adding uncited climate data, sometimes changing just a few of the entries. We've had climate data vandals in the past: you really need to make sure an editor can easily spot-check your additions or edits. — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 09:22, 20 October 2024 (UTC)

:After my warning (above), you edited the weather box for Tuolumne Meadows without providing a new or updated reference. Where did that data come from? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 12:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC)

::When I attempted to verify the climate data you added to [[Wickiup Reservoir]], it failed verification: the data at ACIS doesn't match the data you added to the article. At this point, unless you convince me otherwise, I'm going to assume that all of the climate data you have added to Wikipedia is incorrect and should be reverted. Please respond. If you don't explain your edits and you continue to add incorrect data to Wikipedia, I will ask for help from an administrator. — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 19:03, 20 October 2024 (UTC)

<div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2ab91); background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fef6e7); color:inherit; min-height: 40px">[[File:Stop x nuvola.svg|40px|left|alt=Stop icon]]<div style="margin-left:45px">You have been '''[[WP:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking_policy#Indefinite_blocks|indefinitely]]''' from editing for [[WP:Disruptive editing|abuse of editing privileges]]. </div><div style="margin-left:45px">If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please review Wikipedia's [[WP:Guide to appealing blocks|guide to appealing blocks]], then add the following text to the bottom of your talk page: <code><nowiki>{{unblock|reason=Your reason here ~~~~}}</nowiki></code>. </div></div> [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith|talk]]) 12:43, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
:Even with this block, you can still edit your Talk page. If you could explain where/how you are generating the values in your climate table edits, I believe we may be able to fix the situation. — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 21:24, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

User talk:Akamaikai

2024-10-21T17:49:17Z

Hike395: /* Source of Sierraville climate data? */ typo

Hi, Kai! Can you please add John A Rogers, a scientist from Northwestern to the Notable people page for Rolla MO? Thanks! <small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/98.26.42.206|98.26.42.206]] ([[User talk:98.26.42.206#top|talk]]) 10:39, 19 January 2023 (UTC)</small> 

:Yes [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 23:26, 19 January 2023 (UTC)

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== Citations ==

Please place the access-date ''inside'' {{tl|cite web}} and do not leave spaces between the source and the start of the ref tag. '''[[User:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#5d9731; color:white; padding:2px;">Sounder</span>]][[User talk:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#1047AB; color:white; padding:2px;">Bruce</span>]]''' 05:11, 29 September 2022 (UTC)

Ok [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 20:27, 29 September 2022 (UTC)
:The latest batch has the same problem. Please correct them. '''[[User:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#5d9731; color:white; padding:2px;">Sounder</span>]][[User talk:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#1047AB; color:white; padding:2px;">Bruce</span>]]''' 03:54, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Ah I see what you mean with the access date I will fix that. I have made sure to leave out spaces though. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 13:04, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Update: So far I have fixed 43 of them [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:16, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Update #2: Fixed retrieve dates going back 3 months so far [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:57, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
:::I meant 3 weeks. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 00:03, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

==Climax, Colorado==

You ask why I reverted your edit to [[Climax, Colorado]]. It was a change of numbers, with no justification, no reference.

[[User:Dino|dino]] ([[User talk:Dino|talk]]) 12:56, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

:I put my sources in there. It was just an update of the table. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 20:11, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
:I redid it with more references in the description. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 02:58, 5 November 2022 (UTC)

==WikiProject Weather: Map Dot & Template/Infobox Colors==
Dear project member,
This message is being sent out to encourage new ideas and feedback on those proposed in regard to the colors debate for WikiProject Weather. For those who are unaware of what's been happening over the last year, I will give a brief summary. We have been discussing proposed changes to the colors of the dots on tropical cyclone maps and templates and infoboxes across the entire weather project in order to solve issues related to the limited contrast between colors for both normal vision as well as the various types of color blindness ([[MOS:ACCESS]]). We had partially implemented a proposal earlier this year, however, it was objected to by a number of people and additional issues were presented that made it evident this wasn't the optimal solution. We tried to come up with other solutions to address the issues related to color contrast, however, none of them gained traction and no consensus was generated.

We need your help and I encourage you to propose your own scale and give feedback on those already listed. Keep in mind that we are '''NOT''' making a decision on any individual proposal at this time. We are simply allowing people to make proposals and cultivate them given feedback from other project members. Please visit our [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Weather/Color RfC|project page]] for additional details. The proposal phase will close no later than December 31st at 23:59 UTC. [[User:Hurricane Noah|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Noah</b></span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Hurricane Noah|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]</sup> 03:03, 21 November 2022 (UTC)

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== Mammoth Lakes weather data fails verification? ==

I went to double-check the weather data that you've added to [[Mammoth Lakes, California]]. I cannot find any data about Mammoth in reference 18. Where did you find that data? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 07:22, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

:NOWData is a common reference for climate tables and it is used in almost every single one. The NWS unfortunately wasn't smart enough to make specific links for each station, so the entirety of each NWS Forecast area is covered by a single link. To find the data for a station (specifically Mammoth Lakes) would normally just require looking through the table, but for Mammoth Lake you have to go to the map (click View Map), get more stations (click show more stations) and find Mammoth Lakes on the map. I used NOWData for the records, which you can find by going to monthly summarized data, using "por" (period of record) for the start and end year date, and choosing maximum temperature as the variable with daily maximum as the summary for record highs, and choosing minimum temperature as the variable and daily minimum as the summary for record lows. For the mean maxima and minima, I took the max and min temperatures values for each month from 1991-2020 and calculated the average for all of them (this can be easily done by copy pasting it into an Excel spreadsheet and using the average function). For the snow, snow days, snow depth, and precipitation days, I did the same thing but with different year ranges because the period of record for those is different. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:53, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

:Thank you! I had missed the "Show more stations" button. The data is now verified. I changed the table to show the data as displayed at the NWS site -- I worry that extracting more significant figures from their raw data could be considered to be [[WP:OR|original research]]. — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 15:58, 30 December 2022 (UTC)
::A majority of mean maxima and minima data for hundreds (maybe thousands) of climate tables on Wikipedia come from people calculating the mean themselves, so I think the significant figures are OK. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:02, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

== Edits to [[Richland, Washington]] and [[Tri-Cities, Washington]] ==

Hello!

I noticed your edits today to the noted pages and wanted to let you know that I made some adjustments. KRLD in Richland, one of the Tri-Cities, did record a high of 118 on June 29 while the Tri-Cities Airport which is in Pasco (KPSC) only did 115. I returned the 118 values to the prose but didn't touch the infoboxes (and climate infoboxes referring to the Tri-Cities Airport should not show 118 anyway). I also added relevant citations. Please remember to check citations before removing material.

Thanks for your work to improve Wikipedia!

[[User:DJ Cane|DJ Cane]] ([[User talk:DJ Cane|talk]]) 18:50, 15 April 2023 (UTC)

== Sonora Pass weather? ==

Hello Akamaikai! When I was verifying the climate data at [[Sonora Pass]], I could only find precipitation data for that station in NOWdata. Am I missing something? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 17:26, 23 April 2023 (UTC)

:I just looked on there and it has the temperature data. Are you sure it's the right station? [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 15:00, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
::{{reply to|Akamaikai}} In addition, Sonora Pass has 4 months with an average temperature greater than 10 degrees Celsius, which should be Dsb instead of Dsc. [[User:Fumikas Sagisavas|Fumikas Sagisavas]] ([[User talk:Fumikas Sagisavas|talk]]) 14:13, 13 June 2023 (UTC)

:::Picking this back up: I double-checked, and yes, I was looking at the station named SONORA PASS. When I ask for temperature data, it says "no data available". An IP editor has added more data to the climate table without sources. I was going to revert back to a "known good" version, but I cannot verify your version. Where did the temperature data come from? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 08:12, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
::::Try https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/
::::That's where I get the data from. Sonora Pass is a SNOTEL station so it has temperature, precipitation, and snow depth. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:25, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

== Send your Chinese candy! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:滁州琅琊酥糖(其中一种散包装).jpg|100px]]
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''Send your Chinese candy!'''
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|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you for your contribution to the climate topic [[User:Fumikas Sagisavas|Fumikas Sagisavas]] ([[User talk:Fumikas Sagisavas|talk]]) 14:11, 13 June 2023 (UTC)
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== WWF ==

You seem able to engage in discussions about the weather and climate...never mind differing views, locations and all, it's all about increasing knowledge.

I'm a regular contributor member of the WWF, and was wondering if you would like to join our Forum?

https://cdweather.boards.net

We are an insular, hectic group, only small in number, but big on opinions, and don't have the draconian, Orwellian moderation like some other forums.

You need a thick skin on the WWF Forums, but I believe you would fit in, and you would be welcome; we need more activity.

Feel free to register if you would like to join us, and I can inform the Administrator about you joining. [[User:Benfxmth|Benfxmth]] ([[User talk:Benfxmth|talk]]) 00:31, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

== A barnstar for you! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Original Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you for your hard work updating the climate data on so many US city articles. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 23:51, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
|}

== Thanks ==

Thanks for adding a Weather Box to [[Gardner, Kansas]]!

Do you take requests for adding weather box to other articles? Could you add a weather box to county seats [[Newton, Kansas]] and [[Marion, Kansas]] articles? It is fine if you say no!

For a long term goal, it would be nice for all of the [[List of counties in Kansas|county seats of Kansas]] to have a weather box. I know some of them have it, such as [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]] / [[Hutchinson, Kansas|Hutchinson]] / [[Salina, Kansas|Salina]] / [[Lincoln, Kansas|Lincoln]], but I haven't ever counted the number of county seats that don't have it. It is fine if you say no, because I know this is a lot of work!!

Thanks in advance. • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 02:57, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

:I guess I do take requests but no one's ever really requested anything lol. I did Newton and Marion, fixed Lincoln, and did the county seats of Allen through Barton County. Thanksgiving Break is this week so I probably won't be able to get much done until next Monday, but I'll probably finish it all on that day. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 07:00, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

::Thanks!! • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 07:09, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

:::Ok I finished them but the following don't have sufficient weather data to create weatherboxes:
:::[[Gove City, Kansas|Gove City, KS]] (Gove County)
:::[[Oswego, Kansas|Oswego, KS]] (Labette County)
:::[[Dighton, Kansas|Dighton, KS]] (Lane County)
:::[[Seneca, Kansas|Seneca, KS]] (Nemaha County)
:::[[Erie, Kansas|Erie, KS]] (Neosho County)
:::[[Lyndon, Kansas|Lyndon, KS]] (Osage County)
:::[[Osborne, Kansas|Osborne, KS]] (Osborne County)
:::[[Westmoreland, Kansas|Westmoreland, KS]] (Pottawatomie County)
:::[[Lyons, Kansas|Lyons, KS]] (Rice County)
:::[[Stockton, Kansas|Stockton, KS]] (Rooks County)
:::[[La Crosse, Kansas|La Crosse, KS]] (Rush County)
:::[[St. John, Kansas|St. John, KS]] (Stafford County)
:::[[Johnson City, Kansas|Johnson City, KS]] (Stanton County)
:::[[Alma, Kansas|Alma, KS]] (Wabaunsee County) [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 18:40, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

::::Thanks for all other Kansas article improvements!! • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 07:42, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

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== Climate data ==

Why are you randomly changing climate data at [[Johnson City, Texas]] and [[Centerville, Texas]]? [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 14:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:It's not random. They both set new monthly record highs this month. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:37, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
::The sources you cited are from 2022 and 2023. You need to update the source, or other editors will question your edit. Thank you. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 15:01, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
:::The source used is the same source. Monthly temperature records get updated all the time without the source changing. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 15:40, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
::::Please take a moment to read [[WP:CS]], and update the access dates, lest you waste other editor's time. Thanks for your understanding. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 17:21, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

== Source of Sierraville climate data? ==

Editors have added unsourced data to the climate table in [[Sierraville, California]]. Just like [[Sonora Pass]] (above), I wanted to revert to the last known good table. In {{diff|Sierraville, California|diff=prev|oldid=1142891602|label=this edit}}, you created a climate table from XMACIS2. There is a SIERRAVILLE RS weather station in ACIS, but like Sonora Pass, it appears to only have precipitation. Where did all of the other rows come from?

I've started to cleanup a large number of California climate tables that don't appear to be well-sourced. One source that always works is [https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/ PRISM], because it spatially interpolates down to 800-meter resolution and provides 1991-2020 normals. However, it only has min/mean/max temperature and precipitation normals: it doesn't have extremes or snow. If you have a better source of extremes+snow data for places like Sierraville or Sonora Pass, I would love to learn about it. — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 08:20, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

:The Sierraville RS has temperature data.
:<nowiki>https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/</nowiki> [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:23, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

::Sorry to bother you more: under "Daily/Monthly Normals" I only see precipitation. Were you looking at "Monthly Summarized Data"? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 17:22, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

:::I think I've figured out what you are doing. If you ask XMACIS for "Monthly Summarized Data" and then ask for a table of "Precipitation" "Sum", and then restrict the years to 1991-2020, and look at the mean of the table at the bottom, you get the row of precipitation that is currently in the table at [[Sierraville, California]].

:::But notice this does not match the 1991-2020 precipitation normals provided by XMACIS if you ask for "Daily/Monthly Normals". The annual sum of the precipitation row in the table in the article is 22.32 inches, while the annual precipitation normal is 27.65 inches: a 24% difference. The discrepancy is explained by the [https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/us-climate-normals NCEI page describing climate normals], under the "About" tab. Climate normals are not simply averages across years, but appear to have a more careful curation.

:::The way that the data is labeled in the climate table is not quite right: these aren't climate normals, but averages. That doesn't mean it's wrong, but it can be confusing for our readers.

:::There are a couple of alternative actions we can take:
:::# We can change the wording of "climate normals" to say something like "weather averages" and describe the computation in the footnote for XMACIS.
:::# We can drop anything that isn't an officially computed "climate normal" (because we are not doing the curation correctly).
:::I suspect we need more than two editors deciding which path to take. Should we bring this up at [[WT:WikiProject Weather]]? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 17:48, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

User talk:Akamaikai

2024-10-21T17:48:44Z

Hike395: /* Source of Sierraville climate data? */ I think I see what's going on

Hi, Kai! Can you please add John A Rogers, a scientist from Northwestern to the Notable people page for Rolla MO? Thanks! <small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/98.26.42.206|98.26.42.206]] ([[User talk:98.26.42.206#top|talk]]) 10:39, 19 January 2023 (UTC)</small> 

:Yes [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 23:26, 19 January 2023 (UTC)

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== Citations ==

Please place the access-date ''inside'' {{tl|cite web}} and do not leave spaces between the source and the start of the ref tag. '''[[User:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#5d9731; color:white; padding:2px;">Sounder</span>]][[User talk:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#1047AB; color:white; padding:2px;">Bruce</span>]]''' 05:11, 29 September 2022 (UTC)

Ok [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 20:27, 29 September 2022 (UTC)
:The latest batch has the same problem. Please correct them. '''[[User:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#5d9731; color:white; padding:2px;">Sounder</span>]][[User talk:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#1047AB; color:white; padding:2px;">Bruce</span>]]''' 03:54, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Ah I see what you mean with the access date I will fix that. I have made sure to leave out spaces though. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 13:04, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Update: So far I have fixed 43 of them [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:16, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Update #2: Fixed retrieve dates going back 3 months so far [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:57, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
:::I meant 3 weeks. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 00:03, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

==Climax, Colorado==

You ask why I reverted your edit to [[Climax, Colorado]]. It was a change of numbers, with no justification, no reference.

[[User:Dino|dino]] ([[User talk:Dino|talk]]) 12:56, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

:I put my sources in there. It was just an update of the table. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 20:11, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
:I redid it with more references in the description. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 02:58, 5 November 2022 (UTC)

==WikiProject Weather: Map Dot & Template/Infobox Colors==
Dear project member,
This message is being sent out to encourage new ideas and feedback on those proposed in regard to the colors debate for WikiProject Weather. For those who are unaware of what's been happening over the last year, I will give a brief summary. We have been discussing proposed changes to the colors of the dots on tropical cyclone maps and templates and infoboxes across the entire weather project in order to solve issues related to the limited contrast between colors for both normal vision as well as the various types of color blindness ([[MOS:ACCESS]]). We had partially implemented a proposal earlier this year, however, it was objected to by a number of people and additional issues were presented that made it evident this wasn't the optimal solution. We tried to come up with other solutions to address the issues related to color contrast, however, none of them gained traction and no consensus was generated.

We need your help and I encourage you to propose your own scale and give feedback on those already listed. Keep in mind that we are '''NOT''' making a decision on any individual proposal at this time. We are simply allowing people to make proposals and cultivate them given feedback from other project members. Please visit our [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Weather/Color RfC|project page]] for additional details. The proposal phase will close no later than December 31st at 23:59 UTC. [[User:Hurricane Noah|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Noah</b></span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Hurricane Noah|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]</sup> 03:03, 21 November 2022 (UTC)

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== Mammoth Lakes weather data fails verification? ==

I went to double-check the weather data that you've added to [[Mammoth Lakes, California]]. I cannot find any data about Mammoth in reference 18. Where did you find that data? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 07:22, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

:NOWData is a common reference for climate tables and it is used in almost every single one. The NWS unfortunately wasn't smart enough to make specific links for each station, so the entirety of each NWS Forecast area is covered by a single link. To find the data for a station (specifically Mammoth Lakes) would normally just require looking through the table, but for Mammoth Lake you have to go to the map (click View Map), get more stations (click show more stations) and find Mammoth Lakes on the map. I used NOWData for the records, which you can find by going to monthly summarized data, using "por" (period of record) for the start and end year date, and choosing maximum temperature as the variable with daily maximum as the summary for record highs, and choosing minimum temperature as the variable and daily minimum as the summary for record lows. For the mean maxima and minima, I took the max and min temperatures values for each month from 1991-2020 and calculated the average for all of them (this can be easily done by copy pasting it into an Excel spreadsheet and using the average function). For the snow, snow days, snow depth, and precipitation days, I did the same thing but with different year ranges because the period of record for those is different. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:53, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

:Thank you! I had missed the "Show more stations" button. The data is now verified. I changed the table to show the data as displayed at the NWS site -- I worry that extracting more significant figures from their raw data could be considered to be [[WP:OR|original research]]. — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 15:58, 30 December 2022 (UTC)
::A majority of mean maxima and minima data for hundreds (maybe thousands) of climate tables on Wikipedia come from people calculating the mean themselves, so I think the significant figures are OK. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:02, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

== Edits to [[Richland, Washington]] and [[Tri-Cities, Washington]] ==

Hello!

I noticed your edits today to the noted pages and wanted to let you know that I made some adjustments. KRLD in Richland, one of the Tri-Cities, did record a high of 118 on June 29 while the Tri-Cities Airport which is in Pasco (KPSC) only did 115. I returned the 118 values to the prose but didn't touch the infoboxes (and climate infoboxes referring to the Tri-Cities Airport should not show 118 anyway). I also added relevant citations. Please remember to check citations before removing material.

Thanks for your work to improve Wikipedia!

[[User:DJ Cane|DJ Cane]] ([[User talk:DJ Cane|talk]]) 18:50, 15 April 2023 (UTC)

== Sonora Pass weather? ==

Hello Akamaikai! When I was verifying the climate data at [[Sonora Pass]], I could only find precipitation data for that station in NOWdata. Am I missing something? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 17:26, 23 April 2023 (UTC)

:I just looked on there and it has the temperature data. Are you sure it's the right station? [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 15:00, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
::{{reply to|Akamaikai}} In addition, Sonora Pass has 4 months with an average temperature greater than 10 degrees Celsius, which should be Dsb instead of Dsc. [[User:Fumikas Sagisavas|Fumikas Sagisavas]] ([[User talk:Fumikas Sagisavas|talk]]) 14:13, 13 June 2023 (UTC)

:::Picking this back up: I double-checked, and yes, I was looking at the station named SONORA PASS. When I ask for temperature data, it says "no data available". An IP editor has added more data to the climate table without sources. I was going to revert back to a "known good" version, but I cannot verify your version. Where did the temperature data come from? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 08:12, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
::::Try https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/
::::That's where I get the data from. Sonora Pass is a SNOTEL station so it has temperature, precipitation, and snow depth. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:25, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

== Send your Chinese candy! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:滁州琅琊酥糖(其中一种散包装).jpg|100px]]
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|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you for your contribution to the climate topic [[User:Fumikas Sagisavas|Fumikas Sagisavas]] ([[User talk:Fumikas Sagisavas|talk]]) 14:11, 13 June 2023 (UTC)
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== WWF ==

You seem able to engage in discussions about the weather and climate...never mind differing views, locations and all, it's all about increasing knowledge.

I'm a regular contributor member of the WWF, and was wondering if you would like to join our Forum?

https://cdweather.boards.net

We are an insular, hectic group, only small in number, but big on opinions, and don't have the draconian, Orwellian moderation like some other forums.

You need a thick skin on the WWF Forums, but I believe you would fit in, and you would be welcome; we need more activity.

Feel free to register if you would like to join us, and I can inform the Administrator about you joining. [[User:Benfxmth|Benfxmth]] ([[User talk:Benfxmth|talk]]) 00:31, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

== A barnstar for you! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Original Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you for your hard work updating the climate data on so many US city articles. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 23:51, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
|}

== Thanks ==

Thanks for adding a Weather Box to [[Gardner, Kansas]]!

Do you take requests for adding weather box to other articles? Could you add a weather box to county seats [[Newton, Kansas]] and [[Marion, Kansas]] articles? It is fine if you say no!

For a long term goal, it would be nice for all of the [[List of counties in Kansas|county seats of Kansas]] to have a weather box. I know some of them have it, such as [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]] / [[Hutchinson, Kansas|Hutchinson]] / [[Salina, Kansas|Salina]] / [[Lincoln, Kansas|Lincoln]], but I haven't ever counted the number of county seats that don't have it. It is fine if you say no, because I know this is a lot of work!!

Thanks in advance. • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 02:57, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

:I guess I do take requests but no one's ever really requested anything lol. I did Newton and Marion, fixed Lincoln, and did the county seats of Allen through Barton County. Thanksgiving Break is this week so I probably won't be able to get much done until next Monday, but I'll probably finish it all on that day. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 07:00, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

::Thanks!! • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 07:09, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

:::Ok I finished them but the following don't have sufficient weather data to create weatherboxes:
:::[[Gove City, Kansas|Gove City, KS]] (Gove County)
:::[[Oswego, Kansas|Oswego, KS]] (Labette County)
:::[[Dighton, Kansas|Dighton, KS]] (Lane County)
:::[[Seneca, Kansas|Seneca, KS]] (Nemaha County)
:::[[Erie, Kansas|Erie, KS]] (Neosho County)
:::[[Lyndon, Kansas|Lyndon, KS]] (Osage County)
:::[[Osborne, Kansas|Osborne, KS]] (Osborne County)
:::[[Westmoreland, Kansas|Westmoreland, KS]] (Pottawatomie County)
:::[[Lyons, Kansas|Lyons, KS]] (Rice County)
:::[[Stockton, Kansas|Stockton, KS]] (Rooks County)
:::[[La Crosse, Kansas|La Crosse, KS]] (Rush County)
:::[[St. John, Kansas|St. John, KS]] (Stafford County)
:::[[Johnson City, Kansas|Johnson City, KS]] (Stanton County)
:::[[Alma, Kansas|Alma, KS]] (Wabaunsee County) [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 18:40, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

::::Thanks for all other Kansas article improvements!! • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 07:42, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

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== Climate data ==

Why are you randomly changing climate data at [[Johnson City, Texas]] and [[Centerville, Texas]]? [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 14:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:It's not random. They both set new monthly record highs this month. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:37, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
::The sources you cited are from 2022 and 2023. You need to update the source, or other editors will question your edit. Thank you. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 15:01, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
:::The source used is the same source. Monthly temperature records get updated all the time without the source changing. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 15:40, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
::::Please take a moment to read [[WP:CS]], and update the access dates, lest you waste other editor's time. Thanks for your understanding. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 17:21, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

== Source of Sierraville climate data? ==

Editors have added unsourced data to the climate table in [[Sierraville, California]]. Just like [[Sonora Pass]] (above), I wanted to revert to the last known good table. In {{diff|Sierraville, California|diff=prev|oldid=1142891602|label=this edit}}, you created a climate table from XMACIS2. There is a SIERRAVILLE RS weather station in ACIS, but like Sonora Pass, it appears to only have precipitation. Where did all of the other rows come from?

I've started to cleanup a large number of California climate tables that don't appear to be well-sourced. One source that always works is [https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/ PRISM], because it spatially interpolates down to 800-meter resolution and provides 1991-2020 normals. However, it only has min/mean/max temperature and precipitation normals: it doesn't have extremes or snow. If you have a better source of extremes+snow data for places like Sierraville or Sonora Pass, I would love to learn about it. — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 08:20, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

:The Sierraville RS has temperature data.
:<nowiki>https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/</nowiki> [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:23, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

::Sorry to bother you more: under "Daily/Monthly Normals" I only see precipitation. Were you looking at "Monthly Summarized Data"? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 17:22, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

:::I think I've figured out what you are doing. If you ask XMACIS for "Monthly Summarized Data" and then ask for a table of "Precipitation" "Sum", and then restrict the years to 1991-2020, and look at the mean of the table at the bottom, you get the row of precipitation that is currently in the table at [[Sierraville, California]].

:::But notice this does not match the 1991-2020 precipitation normals provided by XMACIS if you ask for "Daily/Monthly Normals". The annual sum of the precipitation row in the table in the article is 22.32 inches, while the annual precipitation normal is 27.65 inches: a 24% difference. The discrepancy is explain by the [https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/us-climate-normals NCEI page describing climate normals], under the "About" tab. Climate normals are not simply averages across years, but appear to have a more careful curation.

:::The way that the data is labeled in the climate table is not quite right: these aren't climate normals, but averages. That doesn't mean it's wrong, but it can be confusing for our readers.

:::There are a couple of alternative actions we can take:
:::# We can change the wording of "climate normals" to say something like "weather averages" and describe the computation in the footnote for XMACIS.
:::# We can drop anything that isn't an officially computed "climate normal" (because we are not doing the curation correctly).
:::I suspect we need more than two editors deciding which path to take. Should we bring this up at [[WT:WikiProject Weather]]? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 17:48, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

User talk:Akamaikai

2024-10-21T17:22:32Z

Hike395: /* Source of Sierraville climate data? */ Monthly Summarized Data?

Potter Valley, California

2024-10-21T17:05:09Z

Hike395: restore climate data as of 6 May 2023, to remove unsourced edits

{{For|the California wine region|Potter Valley AVA}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement

|name = Potter Valley
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|pushpin_map = California#USA
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption =

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flagu|United States}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino]]
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =

|
|established_title = 
|established_date =
|coordinates = {{coord|39|19|20|N|123|06|47|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|265005|Potter Valley}}</ref>
|elevation_m = 289
|elevation_ft = 948


| population_total = 665
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=1600000US0658506&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1| title=P1. Race – Potter Valley CDP, California: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| access-date=August 24, 2022}}</ref>


| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web |title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files: California |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_06.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=August 24, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 4.055
| area_land_sq_mi = 4.027
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.028
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent = 0.69
| area_note =


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset = −8
|timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = −7


|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 95469
|area_code = [[Area code 707|707]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 06-58506
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info = 265005;<ref name=gnis/> 2628779<ref name="gnis cdp">{{gnis|2628779|Potter Valley Census Designated Place}}</ref>
|footnotes =
}}

'''Potter Valley''' is a [[census-designated place]]<ref name="gnis cdp"/> in [[Mendocino County, California]], United States.<ref name=gnis /> It is located {{convert|18|mi}} north-northeast of [[Ukiah, California|Ukiah]],<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|125}}</ref> at an elevation of {{convert|948|ft}}<ref name=gnis /> at the headwaters of the [[East Fork Russian River]]. The CDP population was 665 at the 2020 census.<ref name="Census 2020"/>

==History==
In 1852, when William and Thomas Potter and Mose Briggs first entered what would become known as Potter Valley, they were searching for the headwaters of the Russian River from their base in [[Sonoma County, California|Sonoma County]]. The [[Pomo people]] called it ''Ba-lo Kai''. They found three Pomo villages (each about 500 people strong), the Russian headwaters, and a lush valley with wild oats "stirrup high". Eventually the Potters returned to settle there, and the valley became known by the American ranchers' name.<ref>Mendocino County Historical Society, "The Potter Valley Story" (1972)</ref>

The post office opened in 1870.<ref name=CGN />

Painter [[Grace Hudson]] was born in Potter Valley in 1865.<ref>[http://www.gracehudsonmuseum.org/ Grace Hudson Museum & Sun House, 2012, accessed 21 March 2013]</ref>

In addition to his famous [[Ridgewood Ranch]], [[Charles S. Howard]], owner of the racehorse [[Seabiscuit]], owned a ranch in Potter Valley where he ran cattle.<ref>[http://www.penofin.com/seabiscuit_barn.shtml Historic Restoration... The Ultimate Recycling] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405130930/http://www.penofin.com/seabiscuit_barn.shtml |date=2010-04-05 }}, Victorian Homes Magazine 2012, accessed 21 March 2013</ref>

==Geography==
Potter Valley is located {{convert|18|mi}} northeast of Ukiah and {{convert|8|mi|0}} northeast of [[Lake Mendocino]] in Mendocino County, with the valley floor at roughly {{convert|950|ft|m|-1}} in elevation. The headwaters of the East Fork of the Russian River originate in the valley. The [[Potter Valley Project]] delivers additional water from the [[Eel River (California)|Eel River]], which flows into the Russian River here via a controversial [[hydroelectric plant]] that tunnels through the mountains to take advantage of the relative proximity of these two waterways. This diversion supplies a significant amount of water to inland Mendocino and Sonoma counties. Potter Valley is a rich agricultural region, with excellent soils, planted mostly in [[irrigation|irrigated]] pasture, [[Viticulture|wine]] [[grape]]s, and [[pear]]s, but supporting a wide variety of farms and ranches.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the Potter Valley Census Designated Place (CDP) covers an area of {{Convert|4.0|sqmi}}, 99.31% of it land, and 0.69% of it water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021"/> The entire valley, which is mostly rural, has an area of roughly {{Convert|12|sqmi}}.

==Climate==
Potter Valley has a [[Mediterranean climate|hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] (''[[Köppen climate classification|Csa]]'') typical of the interior of [[Northern California]], with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters, along with great [[Diurnal air temperature variation|diurnal temperature variation]].
{{Weather box
|location = Potter Valley Powerhouse, California (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1937–present)
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 82
|Feb record high F = 87
|Mar record high F = 90
|Apr record high F = 95
|May record high F = 103
|Jun record high F = 110
|Jul record high F = 113
|Aug record high F = 116
|Sep record high F = 113
|Oct record high F = 103
|Nov record high F = 93
|Dec record high F = 83
|year record high F = 116
|Jan avg record high F = 67.9
|Feb avg record high F = 73.3
|Mar avg record high F = 80.5
|Apr avg record high F = 86.5
|May avg record high F = 93.1
|Jun avg record high F = 100.8
|Jul avg record high F = 103.9
|Aug avg record high F = 102.9
|Sep avg record high F = 101.1
|Oct avg record high F = 91.6
|Nov avg record high F = 77.7
|Dec avg record high F = 65.8
|year avg record high F = 105.9
|Jan high F = 57.4
|Feb high F = 61.4
|Mar high F = 66.0
|Apr high F = 70.7
|May high F = 78.9
|Jun high F = 87.0
|Jul high F = 95.0
|Aug high F = 94.1
|Sep high F = 90.3
|Oct high F = 78.9
|Nov high F = 64.3
|Dec high F = 56.0
|year high F = 75.0
|Jan mean F = 46.1
|Feb mean F = 48.9
|Mar mean F = 52.4
|Apr mean F = 55.8
|May mean F = 62.0
|Jun mean F = 68.4
|Jul mean F = 74.7
|Aug mean F = 73.4
|Sep mean F = 69.5
|Oct mean F = 61.1
|Nov mean F = 51.2
|Dec mean F = 45.3
|year mean F = 59.1
|Jan low F = 34.9
|Feb low F = 36.4
|Mar low F = 38.9
|Apr low F = 40.8
|May low F = 45.1
|Jun low F = 49.9
|Jul low F = 54.4
|Aug low F = 52.7
|Sep low F = 48.7
|Oct low F = 43.3
|Nov low F = 38.2
|Dec low F = 34.5
|year low F = 43.2
|Jan avg record low F = 24.0
|Feb avg record low F = 25.8
|Mar avg record low F = 28.7
|Apr avg record low F = 31.2
|May avg record low F = 36.0
|Jun avg record low F = 40.7
|Jul avg record low F = 47.2
|Aug avg record low F = 45.9
|Sep avg record low F = 40.5
|Oct avg record low F = 33.6
|Nov avg record low F = 25.9
|Dec avg record low F = 22.8
|year avg record low F = 20.9
|Jan record low F = 14
|Feb record low F = 15
|Mar record low F = 20
|Apr record low F = 22
|May record low F = 28
|Jun record low F = 32
|Jul record low F = 38
|Aug record low F = 39
|Sep record low F = 33
|Oct record low F = 21
|Nov record low F = 19
|Dec record low F = 12
|year record low F = 12
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 8.21
|Feb precipitation inch = 7.72
|Mar precipitation inch = 6.28
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.36
|May precipitation inch = 1.86
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.54
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.04
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.05
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.30
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.86
|Nov precipitation inch = 5.04
|Dec precipitation inch = 9.77
|year precipitation inch =
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 15.7
|Feb precipitation days = 14.0
|Mar precipitation days = 13.4
|Apr precipitation days = 9.0
|May precipitation days = 5.9
|Jun precipitation days = 1.9
|Jul precipitation days = 0.3
|Aug precipitation days = 0.5
|Sep precipitation days = 1.2
|Oct precipitation days = 5.2
|Nov precipitation days = 12.3
|Dec precipitation days = 16.1
|year precipitation days = 95.5
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web|url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=eka|title=Potter Valley Powerhouse - Eureka, CA NOAA Online Weather Data|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=February 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00047109&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL|title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=August 1, 2022}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0658506|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715032604/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0658506|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Potter Valley CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that the Potter Valley CDP had a population of 646. The population density was {{convert|159.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Potter Valley was 516 (79.9%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2 (0.3%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 13 (2.0%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2 (0.3%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 97 (15.0%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 16 (2.5%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 154 persons (23.8%).

The Census reported that 636 people (98.5% of the population) lived in households, 10 (1.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 241 households, out of which 73 (30.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 125 (51.9%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 20 (8.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 16 (6.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 20 (8.3%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 0 (0%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 61 households (25.3%) were made up of individuals, and 22 (9.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64. There were 161 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (66.8% of all households); the average family size was 3.19.

The population was spread out, with 142 people (22.0%) under the age of 18, 56 people (8.7%) aged 18 to 24, 156 people (24.1%) aged 25 to 44, 206 people (31.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 86 people (13.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.

There were 267 housing units at an average density of {{convert|65.8|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 152 (63.1%) were owner-occupied, and 89 (36.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 10.0%. 382 people (59.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 254 people (39.3%) lived in rental housing units.

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Potter Valley is in {{Representative|casd|2|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|2|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Potter Valley is in {{Representative|cacd|2|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|2|access-date=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050410075004/http://www.pacificsites.com/~chaniot/pvbirdsv2p1.html Potter Valley Bird Sightings]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050306035809/http://www.california-wine-tours-and-accessories.com/potter-valley-wine.html Potter Valley American Viticultural Area]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060319042947/http://www.cognitivity.com/pottervalley.html Potter Valley Websites]
* [http://www.pottervalleyschools.us Potter Valley Community Unified School District]
* [http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/calludt.cgi/WXDESCRIPTION?STN=POTTRVLY.C#001 Historical weather data from the Potter Valley Pumping Station]
* [http://www.pottervalley.org Potter Valley Community Parks & Recreation]
* [http://www.pvycc.org/ Potter Valley Youth & Community Center]
* [http://www.pottervalleywater.org/ Potter Valley Irrigation District]
* [http://pottervalleytribe.com Potter Valley Tribe of Pomo Indians]

{{Mendocino County, California}}
{{Russian River}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Mendocino County, California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1852]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]
[[Category:1852 establishments in California]]

Leggett, California

2024-10-21T15:20:37Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ climate data comes from possibly unreliable source, and only runs to 2010. Use PRISM data for 1991-2020 normals

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Leggett
| settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
| image_skyline = LeggettChandelierTreeCar.JPG
| image_caption = A car drives through Leggett's Drive-Through Chandelier Tree.
| image_map = File:Mendocino County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Leggett Highlighted 0641026.svg
| map_caption = Location in Mendocino County, California
| pushpin_map = California#USA
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|39|51|57|N|123|42|51|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino]]
| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web |title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files: California |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_06.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=August 4, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi = 2.704
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi = 2.704
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi = 0
| area_water_percent = 0
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|227007|Leggett}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 300
| elevation_ft = 984
| population_total = 77
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=1600000US0641026&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1| title=P1. Race – Leggett CDP, California: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| access-date=August 4, 2022}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset = -8
| timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = -7
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code = 95585
| area_code = [[area code 707|707]]
| blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank_info = 227007;<ref name=gnis/> 2628750<ref>{{gnis|2628750|Leggett Census Designated Place}}</ref>
| footnotes =
}}
'''Leggett''' (formerly '''Leggett Valley''')<ref name=CGN /> is a [[census-designated place]]<ref>{{gnis|2628750}}</ref> in [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino County]], [[California]], United States.<ref name=gnis /> It is located on the [[South Fork Eel River|South Fork]] of the [[Eel River (California)|Eel River]], {{convert|21|mi}} by road northwest of [[Laytonville, California|Laytonville]],<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names}}</ref> at an elevation of {{cvt|984|ft}}.<ref name=gnis /> It is home to some of the largest trees in the world.<ref>[http://www.humboldt.edu/%7Esillett/ Kenneth L. Fisher Chair in Redwood Forest Ecology • Humboldt State University]</ref> The nearby [[Smithe Redwoods State Natural Reserve]] and Standish-Hickey State Recreation Area are noted for their forests of [[Sequoia sempervirens|coastal redwoods]]. The population of Leggett was 77 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name="Census 2020"/> down from 122 at the 2010 census.

The community is served by [[California State Route 1|California's State Route 1]], whose northern terminus with [[U.S. Route 101]] is just outside the center of town.

The town of Leggett includes a single gas station, United States Post Office, 1-12 school, a small grocery store, restaurant, full-service mechanic (ask a local), fire station and the [[Chandelier Tree|Drive-Thru Tree]].

The Leggett post office was dedicated in 1969.<ref name=CGN />

==Geography==
{{anchor|South Leggett}}
Leggett is in northwestern Mendocino County, in the valley of the South Fork Eel River. [[U.S. Route 101]] leads north from Leggett {{convert|22|mi}} to [[Garberville, California|Garberville]] and {{convert|90|mi}} to [[Eureka, California|Eureka]], while to the south it leads {{convert|67|mi}} to [[Ukiah, California|Ukiah]], the Mendocino [[county seat]]. [[California State Route 1]] has its northern terminus at US 101 in Leggett and leads southwest {{convert|27|mi}} to [[Westport, California|Westport]] on the Pacific Ocean.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the Leggett CDP covers an area of {{convert|2.7|sqmi|km2}}, all of it land.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021"/>

'''South Leggett''' is an [[unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] along [[U.S. Route 101]],<ref>DeLorme ''California Atlas & Gazetteer'' (2008) Yarmouth, Maine p.47 {{ISBN|0-89933-383-4}}</ref> {{convert|1|mi|km}} south-southeast of Leggett,<ref name="CGN-2">{{California's Geographic Names|147}}</ref> at an elevation of {{Convert|1112|ft|m}}.<ref name="gnis" />

==Climate==
The region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above {{cvt|71.6|F}} and cool, very wet winters receiving abundant rainfall, due to its location in the coastal ranges and proximity to the ocean, allowing the collection of heavy amounts of moisture. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Leggett has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=94840&cityname=Leggett%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Leggett, California]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Legett, California, {{coord|39.8658|N|123.7142|W|display=inline}}, Elevation: {{cvt|896|ft}}
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 53.1
|Feb high F = 56.2
|Mar high F = 59.1
|Apr high F = 62.6
|May high F = 69.1
|Jun high F = 75.8
|Jul high F = 83.3
|Aug high F = 83.5
|Sep high F = 82.0
|Oct high F = 70.8
|Nov high F = 59.6
|Dec high F = 51.9

| Jan mean F = 45.0
| Feb mean F = 46.7
| Mar mean F = 48.9
| Apr mean F = 51.4
| May mean F = 56.7
| Jun mean F = 62.1
| Jul mean F = 67.4
| Aug mean F = 67.3
| Sep mean F = 65.1
| Oct mean F = 56.9
| Nov mean F = 49.5
| Dec mean F = 44.2

|Jan low F = 37.0
|Feb low F = 37.3
|Mar low F = 38.6
|Apr low F = 40.2
|May low F = 44.3
|Jun low F = 48.4
|Jul low F = 51.5
|Aug low F = 51.1
|Sep low F = 48.3
|Oct low F = 43.1
|Nov low F = 39.5
|Dec low F = 36.4

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation inch = 12.77
|Feb precipitation inch = 10.00
|Mar precipitation inch = 8.82
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.69
|May precipitation inch = 2.09
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.84
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.07
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.12
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.62
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.62
|Nov precipitation inch = 8.54
|Dec precipitation inch = 12.46

|source 1 = PRISM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=Time Series Values for Individual Locations|publisher=PRISM Climate Group|access-date=21 October 2024|quote=Enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution. Click "Retrieve time series", then "Download time series"}}</ref> (spatially interpolated, 1991-2020 normals)
}}

==Demographics==
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0641026|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715030631/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0641026|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Leggett CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Leggett had a population of 122. The population density was {{convert|45.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Leggett was 101 (82.8%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0 (0.0%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 3 (2.5%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0 (0.0%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0 (0.0%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 18 (14.8%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4 persons (3.3%).

The Census reported that 122 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 55 households, out of which 18 (32.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 10 (18.2%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 9 (16.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3 (5.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 8 (14.5%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 0 (0%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 28 households (50.9%) were made up of individuals, and 10 (18.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22. There were 22 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (40.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.64.

The population was spread out, with 29 people (23.8%) under the age of 18, 19 people (15.6%) aged 18 to 24, 29 people (23.8%) aged 25 to 44, 33 people (27.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 12 people (9.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males.

There were 78 housing units at an average density of {{convert|28.8|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 23 (41.8%) were owner-occupied, and 32 (58.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 0%. 59 people (48.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 63 people (51.6%) lived in rental housing units.

==Transportation==
The [[Amtrak Thruway#7|Amtrak Thruway 7]] bus provides daily connections to/from Leggett (with a curbside stop at 69501 Highway 101 North), [[Martinez_station|Martinez]] to the south, and [[Arcata,_California|Arcata]] to the north. Additional [[Amtrak]] connections are available from Martinez station.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Martinez – Santa Rosa – Arcata |url=https://amtraksanjoaquins.com/route-7/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.amtraksanjoaquins.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Leggett is in {{Representative|casd|2|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|2|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Leggett is in {{Representative|cacd|2|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|2|accessdate=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* http://northmendo.com/lvfd/
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080516084039/http://mendosearch.com/cityinfo-city_name-Leggett.htm

{{Mendocino County, California}}
{{Eel River}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Mendocino County, California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]

Hackettstown, New Jersey

2024-10-21T14:26:41Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ climate data fails verification (station HACKETTSTOWN 0.8 W, NJ only has precipitation). Replacing with data from PRISM

{{short description|Town in Warren County, New Jersey, US}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Hackettstown, New Jersey
|official_name =
|settlement_type = [[Town (New Jersey)|Town]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline = Hackettstown.Hospital.JPG
|imagesize = 250x200px
|image_caption = Hackettstown Medical Center, March 2014
|image_flag =
|image_seal = Hackettstown Seal.png


|image_map = Warren_County_New_Jersey_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Hackettstown_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location of Hackettstown in [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren County]] highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Warren County in [[New Jersey]] highlighted in orange (left).
|image_map1 = Census_Bureau_map_of_Hackettstown,_New_Jersey.png
|mapsize1 = 250x200px
|map_caption1 = Census Bureau map of Hackettstown, New Jersey
{{maplink|frame=yes|zoom=8|id=Q1085981|type=shape|frame-width=250|frame-height=250|text=Interactive map of Hackettstown, New Jersey}}
|pushpin_map = USA New Jersey Warren County#USA New Jersey#USA
|pushpin_label = Hackettstown
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren County]]##Location in [[New Jersey]]##Location in the United States
|pushpin_relief = yes


|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flagu|United States}}
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|New Jersey}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New Jersey|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren]]
|government_footnotes = <ref name=DataBook/>
|government_type = [[Special charter (New Jersey)|Special charter]]
|governing_body = Town Council
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Jerry DiMaio ([[New Jersey Republican Party|R]], term ends December 31, 2023)<ref name=MayorCouncil/><ref>[https://www.state.nj.us/dca/home/2023mayors.pdf 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory], [[New Jersey Department of Community Affairs]], updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.</ref>
|leader_title1 = [[City manager|Administrator]] / [[Municipal clerk]]
|leader_name1 = P.J. Reilly<ref>[https://www.hackettstown.net/clerk-administrator Clerk / Administrator], Town of Hackettstown. Accessed April 27, 2023.</ref>
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date = March 9, 1853
|named_for = Samuel Hackett


|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='34'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 11, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 9.61
|area_land_km2 = 9.35
|area_water_km2 = 0.26
|area_total_sq_mi = 3.71
|area_land_sq_mi = 3.61
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.10
|area_water_percent = 2.67
|area_rank = 307th of 565 in state<br />18th of 22 in county<ref name=CensusArea>[https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_cousubs_34.txt 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed July 1, 2020.</ref>


|population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name=Census2020/><ref name=LWD2020/>
|population_total = 10248
|population_rank = 239th of 565 in state<br>2nd of 22 in county<ref name=LWD2020Density>[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/dmograph/est/mcd/density.xlsx Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed March 1, 2023.</ref>
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = 2837.2
|population_density_rank = 230th of 565 in state<br>3rd of 22 in county<ref name=LWD2020Density/>
|population_est = 10125
|pop_est_as_of = 2023
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name=Census2020/><ref name=PopEst/>


|timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = −05:00
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|Eastern (EDT)]]
|utc_offset_DST = −04:00
|elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Gnis|885237|Town of Hackettstown}}, [[Geographic Names Information System]]. Accessed March 5, 2013.</ref>
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 554
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref name=CensusArea/><ref name="GR1">[https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed September 4, 2014.</ref>
|coordinates = {{coord|40.853704|-74.824877|region:US-NJ_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code = 07840<ref>[http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=0&city=hackettstown&state=NJ Look Up a ZIP Code for Hackettstown, NJ], [[United States Postal Service]]. Accessed July 6, 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/infobank/njzips.htm Zip Codes], State of [[New Jersey]]. Accessed September 12, 2013.</ref>
|area_code = [[Area code 908|908]]<ref>[http://www.area-codes.com/search.asp?frmNPA=&frmNXX=&frmState=NJ&frmCity=Hackettstown Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Hackettstown, NJ], Area-Codes.com. Accessed September 12, 2013.</ref>
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 3404128710<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name="GR2">[https://www.census.gov U.S. Census website], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed September 4, 2014.</ref><ref>[https://mcdc.missouri.edu/applications/geocodes/?state=34 Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey], Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 1, 2022.</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0885237<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name="GR3">[http://geonames.usgs.gov US Board on Geographic Names], [[United States Geological Survey]]. Accessed September 4, 2014.</ref>
|website = {{URL|https://www.hackettstown.net}}
|footnotes =
}}

'''Hackettstown''' is a [[Town (New Jersey)|town]] in [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren County]], in the U.S. state of [[New Jersey]]. It is perhaps best known as the home to the US headquarters of [[Mars Inc.|Mars, Inc.]].<ref>[http://www.mars.com/docs/default-source/Press-Releases/mars-wrigley-confectionery-us-location_press-release-12052017-(1).pdf?sfvrsn=2 Mars Wrigley Confectionery to base U.S. Headquarters in Hackettstown], {{Webarchive | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208231437/http://www.mars.com/docs/default-source/Press-Releases/mars-wrigley-confectionery-us-location_press-release-12052017-(1).pdf?sfvrsn=2 | date=December 8, 2017}} [[Mars, Incorporated]], December 5, 2017. Accessed April 27, 2023. "Mars Wrigley Confectionery U.S., part of the world's leading manufacturer of chocolate, chewing gum, mints, and fruity confections, announced today its intent to base its U.S. headquarters in New Jersey, utilizing existing offices in Hackettstown, New Jersey, as well as a new location in Newark, New Jersey. Mars Wrigley Confectionery's global headquarters will continue to be based in Chicago while its U.S. headquarters will transition to New Jersey by July 2020."</ref> As of the [[2020 United States census]], the town's population was 10,248,<ref name=Census2020/><ref name=LWD2020/> an increase of 524 (+5.4%) from the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]] count of 9,724,<ref name=Census2010/><ref name=LWD2010/> which in turn reflected a decline of 679 (−6.5%) from the 10,403 counted in the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]].<ref name=Census2000/><ref>[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2010/2010data/table7cm.xls Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]], February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.</ref>

Hackettstown was incorporated as a town by an act of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] on March 9, 1853, from portions of [[Independence Township, New Jersey|Independence Township]]. Portions of territory were exchanged with [[Mansfield Township, Warren County, New Jersey|Mansfield Township]] in 1857, 1860, 1872 and 1875.<ref name="Story">Snyder, John P. [https://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf ''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968''], Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 246. Accessed July 6, 2012.</ref>

==History==
=== Founding ===
William Johnson (1817–1891) was a prime contributor to the incorporation of the town in 1853. He and his brother George (1815–1889) were successful merchants in the town beginning in 1839 when they began operating the W.L. & G.W Johnson dry good store. The two men were very active in community affairs. George was a member of First Presbyterian Church, a director of the Hackettstown National Bank, and a member of the Hackettstown Water Board. Both men were involved in the establishment of the Union Cemetery.<ref>Historic Main Street, Hackettstown, New Jersey, Frank, Leonard and Raymond Lemasters, Harmony Press, Inc, Easton, Pennsylvania, 2006, pp. 77-78</ref>

Hackettstown was named after Samuel Hackett, an early settler and large landowner.<ref>via the ''Trenton Monitor''. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nnJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lLwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5796,3182401&dq=hackettstown+samuel-hackett&hl=en "Origin of Geographical Names in New Jersey"], ''Camden Democrat'', August 12, 1865. Accessed July 6, 2012. "Hackettstown – After Samuel Hackett, an early settler."</ref><ref>[[Henry Gannett|Gannett, Henry]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA146 ''The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States''], p. 146. [[United States Government Printing Office]], 1905. Accessed March 17, 2015.</ref> Hackett is said to have "contributed liberally to the liquid refreshments on the christening of a new hotel, in order to secure the name which, before this, had been Helms' Mills or Musconetcong."<ref>''Northwestern New Jersey–-A History of Somerset, Morris, Hunterdon, Warren, and Sussex Counties'', Vol. 2. (A. Van Doren Honeyman, ed. in chief, Lewis Historical Publishing Co., New York, 1927) p. 689.</ref><ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. [http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=15 ''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names''], New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 31, 2015.</ref>

===Tillie Smith murder case===
[[File:She Died in Defence of Her Honor.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|The Tillie Smith monument to chastity, ''She Died In Defence of Her Honor'', April 8, 1886]]
In 1886, Tillie Smith, a 19-year-old kitchen worker from a poverty-stricken family, was raped, murdered and left lying in an open field near the campus of the [[Centenary Collegiate Institute]], where she worked.<ref>Brock, Donna. [http://www.hackettstownhistory.com/narticle_tilliesmith.shtml "The Mystery of Tillie Smith"], Hackettstown Historical Society. Accessed July 6, 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1886/04/12/archives/hunting-for-a-clue-students-turned-detectives-in-tracing-the.html|title=Hunting for a Clue.; Students Turned Detectives in Tracing the Murderers of Tillie Smith.|date=April 12, 1886|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=August 18, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> James Titus, a janitor at the school, was tried and convicted of the rape and murder, based on [[circumstantial evidence]] and public opinion shaped by [[yellow journalism]]. Titus was sentenced to hang, but he signed a confession to avoid the death penalty and served 19 years of hard labor. He lived from 1904 to 1952 in Hackettstown among many of the same residents who championed his conviction, the validity of which remains controversial.<ref>Sullivan, Denis. ''In Defence of Her Honor: The Tillie Smith Murder Case''. Flemington: D.H. Thoreau Books, 2000.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lehighvalleylive.com/warren-county/express-times/2013/10/tillie_smith_centenary_college.html|title=Tillie Smith murder at Centenary College remains part of Hackettstown lore|last=O'Donnell|first=Chuck|date=October 6, 2013|website=lehighvalleylive.com|access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1887/05/18/archives/in-memory-of-tillie-smith.html|title=In Memory of Tillie Smith.|date=May 18, 1887|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=August 18, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The killing remains a popular local legend, inspiring several books, [[Weird NJ]] magazine articles,<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 7, 2023 |title=Murdered Maid Haunts Centenary College {{!}} Weird NJ |url=https://weirdnj.com/stories/garden-state-ghosts/tillie-smith-centenary-college/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425023929/https://weirdnj.com/stories/garden-state-ghosts/tillie-smith-centenary-college/ |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |access-date=August 18, 2019 |website=weirdnj.com}}</ref> theatrical performances and [[dark tourism]] ghost tours.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.njherald.com/20171026/following-the-path-of-tillie-smith|title=Following the path of Tillie Smith|date=October 26, 2017|website=New Jersey Herald|access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 24, 2020|title=Mondays with authors: Maryann McFadden's new novel explores1886 NJ murder|url=https://www.mycentraljersey.com/story/news/local/how-we-live/2018/04/30/maryann-mcfaddens-novel-1886-new-jersey-murder/557177002/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124122114/https://www.mycentraljersey.com/story/news/local/how-we-live/2018/04/30/maryann-mcfaddens-novel-1886-new-jersey-murder/557177002/|archive-date=January 24, 2020|access-date=January 24, 2020|website=my central jersey}}</ref>

=== 20th century ===
The Hackettstown State Fish Hatchery, a popular tourist destination, was established in 1912.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife – The Charles O. Hayford State Fish Hatchery in Hackettstown|url=https://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/hacktown.htm|access-date=June 16, 2021|website=www.state.nj.us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Caracappa|first=Michael|date=July 31, 1949|title=JERSEY FISH HATCHERY; Plant Near Hackettstown Popular With Tourists|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1949/07/31/archives/jersey-fish-hatchery-plant-near-hackettstown-popular-with-tourists.html|access-date=June 16, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 1925, a [[Rockport train wreck|train wreck]] just outside of town killed about 50 people and injured about 50 others en route to [[Hoboken, New Jersey]], from [[Chicago]]. The derailment involved a Lackawanna Railroad train and occurred at the Hazen Road grade crossing near Rockport Road at approximately 3:30 am, as a result of debris washed downhill by a storm fouling the road crossing. The event made national headlines and stands as the deadliest event in Warren County history.<ref name="United Press International">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120906005751/https://www.gendisasters.com/new-jersey/13434/hackettstown-rockport-nj-train-disaster-june-1925?page=0%2C0 "Big Toll Taken In A New Jersey Wreck. Latest Report Shows At Least 27 Were Killed. Thunderstorm Clogged A Switch With Sand Causing A Derailment."], ''Sterling Daily Gazette'', June 16, 1925. Accessed March 17, 2015.</ref><ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1925/06/17/archives/derailed-in-big-storm-special-train-leaves-rails-in-early-morning.html "Derailed In Big Storm; Special Train Leaves Rails in Early Morning Near Hackettstown."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 17, 1925. Accessed July 6, 2012. "Hackettstown, N.J., June 16. -- Thirty-nine persons are dead and 48 are in hospitals, as the result of the wreck of a special train early this morning on the Delaware, Lackawanna Western Railroad near here, and about sixty miles from New York."</ref><ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1925/06/19/archives/wreck-death-list-now-45-in-jersey-one-more-victim-dies-and-13.html "Wreck Death List Now 45 In Jersey; One More Victim Dies and 13 Others Are in a Critical Condition. Funeral Special Departs Bodies Due in Chicago Tomorrow -- Coroner's Inquest Is Set for Monday Night."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 19, 1925. Accessed July 6, 2012.</ref>

Fund-raising campaigns for a new hospital started as early as 1945, supported and organized by local civic and business groups including [[Kiwanis]], Unico International, [[Parent–teacher association|PTA]] and others, a large donation by the Seventh Day Adventists and a grant from the [[United States Public Health Service]], the 106-bed Hackettstown Community Hospital was established in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hospital History – Hackettstown – Atlantic Health|url=https://www.atlantichealth.org/about-us/foundations-auxiliaries/hackettstown-foundation/hackettstown-history.html|access-date=June 16, 2021|website=www.atlantichealth.org}}</ref>

In 1977, a [[mass shooting]] occurred in the town when a 20-year-old graduate of [[Hackettstown High School]] and former [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine]], Emil Pierre Benoist, took random shots at passing cars over the course of about four hours and shot and killed six people, before turning his sniper rifle on himself.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/08/27/archives/sniper-slays-6-in-jersey-and-then-takes-own-life-6areswinihjersey.html|title=Sniper Slays 6 in Jersey And Then Takes Own Life|date=August 27, 1977|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=June 14, 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/08/29/archives/quarrels-at-home-cited-as-cause-in-jersey-shootings.html|title=Quarrels at Home Cited as Cause in Jersey Shootings|last=Times|first=Pranay Gupte Special To The New York|date=August 29, 1977|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=June 14, 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/16/us/rampage-killings-fast-facts/index.html|title=Rampage Killings Fast Facts|last=Library|first=C. N. N.|website=CNN|date=September 16, 2013|access-date=June 14, 2017}}</ref>

In 1994, a charity BBQ picnic organized by the "Tri-County Motorcycle Club" at the [[Elks lodge|Elk's Lodge]] in Hackettstown was crashed by rival members of the outlaw [[Pagan's Motorcycle Club]]. "An altercation started that escalated into knives and guns being used", according to the Warren County Prosecutor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 18, 1994 |title=2 Die in Altercation At Cycle Club Event |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/18/nyregion/2-die-in-altercation-at-cycle-club-event.html |access-date=October 7, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Two Pagans were killed and three other bikers were injured.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hanley |first=Robert |date=July 19, 1994 |title=Details Sifted in Biker Clash That Left 2 Pagans Dead |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/19/nyregion/details-sifted-in-biker-clash-that-left-2-pagans-dead.html |access-date=October 7, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== 21st century ===
Hackettstown was named #72 of the top 100 towns in the United States to Live and Work In by ''[[Money (magazine)|Money]]'' Magazine in 2005; it has not been included since.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080706005521/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bplive/2005/snapshots/42676.html ''Best Places to Live 2005: No. 72 - Hackettstown, NJ''], ''[[Money (magazine)|Money]]'', backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of July 6, 2008. Accessed March 17, 2015.</ref>

In 2011, the town council proclaimed a [[sister city]] relationship with [[Hacketstown]], Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web|last=lehighvalleylive.com|first=Steve Novak {{!}} For|date=March 15, 2011|title=Hackettstown, N.J., declares 'sister city' relationship with Hacketstown, Ireland|url=https://www.lehighvalleylive.com/warren-county/express-times/2011/03/hackettstown_nj_declares_frien.html|access-date=November 14, 2020|website=lehighvalleylive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=lehighvalleylive.com|first=Steve Novak {{!}} For|date=January 23, 2020|title=What's in a name: A New Jersey town's weird Irish connection|url=https://www.lehighvalleylive.com/warren-county/2020/01/whats-in-a-name-a-new-jersey-towns-weird-irish-connection.html|access-date=November 14, 2020|website=lehighvalleylive}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town had a total area of 3.71 square miles (9.61 km<sup>2</sup>), including 3.61 square miles (9.35 km<sup>2</sup>) of land and 0.10 square miles (0.26 km<sup>2</sup>) of water (2.67%).<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name=GR1 /> The town is located in a valley along the banks of the [[Musconetcong River]].

[[Upper Pohatcong Mountain]] extends northeast of [[Washington, New Jersey|Washington]] approximately {{convert|6|mi|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.washingtonboro-nj.org/town-history.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220032933/http://www.washingtonboro-nj.org/town-history.html |date=February 20, 2013 }}, Borough of Washington. Accessed June 5, 2013. "Upper Pohatcong Mountain extends northeast of Washington approximately 6 mi (10 km) to the vicinity of Hackettstown."</ref>

[[Local government in New Jersey#Unincorporated communities|Unincorporated communities]], localities and place names located partially or completely within the town include Warren Furnace.<ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/infobank/localnames.txt Locality Search], State of [[New Jersey]]. Accessed May 21, 2015.</ref>

Hackettstown borders the townships of [[Washington Township, Morris County, New Jersey|Washington (Morris County)]] to the southeast, [[Mansfield Township, Warren County, New Jersey|Mansfield]] to the southwest, [[Allamuchy Township, New Jersey|Allamuchy]] to the north, [[Mount Olive Township, New Jersey|Mount Olive]] to the northeast, and [[Independence Township, New Jersey|Independence]] to the west.<ref>[https://global.mapit.mysociety.org/area/1010473/touches.html Areas touching Hackettstown], MapIt. Accessed March 31, 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.warrencountynj.gov/our-county/municipalities Municipal Directory], [[Warren County, New Jersey]]. Accessed July 30, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/gis/maps/polnoroads.pdf New Jersey Municipal Boundaries], [[New Jersey Department of Transportation]]. Accessed November 15, 2019.</ref>

Hackettstown is {{convert|49.6|mi}} northeast of [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] and {{convert|55.3|mi}} northwest of New York City.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Hackettstown, New Jersey, {{coord|40.8537|N|74.8249|W|display=inline}}, Elevation: {{cvt|554|ft}}
| single line = Y

| Jan high F = 36.4
| Feb high F = 39.3
| Mar high F = 47.6
| Apr high F = 60.4
| May high F = 70.4
| Jun high F = 78.2
| Jul high F = 82.9
| Aug high F = 81.1
| Sep high F = 74.9
| Oct high F = 63.3
| Nov high F = 51.9
| Dec high F = 41.5

| Jan mean F = 27.6
| Feb mean F = 29.6
| Mar mean F = 37.5
| Apr mean F = 49.1
| May mean F = 59.3
| Jun mean F = 67.7
| Jul mean F = 72.4
| Aug mean F = 70.7
| Sep mean F = 63.9
| Oct mean F = 52.3
| Nov mean F = 41.9
| Dec mean F = 33.1

| Jan low F = 18.7
| Feb low F = 19.8
| Mar low F = 27.5
| Apr low F = 37.8
| May low F = 48.2
| Jun low F = 57.2
| Jul low F = 62.0
| Aug low F = 60.3
| Sep low F = 52.8
| Oct low F = 41.4
| Nov low F = 31.8
| Dec low F = 24.7

| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 3.68
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.94
| Mar precipitation inch = 4.13
| Apr precipitation inch = 4.02
| May precipitation inch = 4.17
| Jun precipitation inch = 4.84
| Jul precipitation inch = 4.76
| Aug precipitation inch = 4.79
| Sep precipitation inch = 4.70
| Oct precipitation inch = 4.79
| Nov precipitation inch = 3.54
| Dec precipitation inch = 4.52

|source 1 = PRISM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=Time Series Values for Individual Locations|publisher=PRISM Climate Group|access-date=20 October 2024|quote=Enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution. Click "Retrieve time series", then "Download time series"}}</ref> (spatially interpolated, 1991-2020 normals)
}}</ref>}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1860= 1322
|1870= 2202
|1880= 2502
|1890= 2417
|1900= 2474
|1910= 2715
|1920= 2936
|1930= 3038
|1940= 3289
|1950= 3894
|1960= 5276
|1970= 9472
|1980= 8850
|1990= 8120
|2000= 10403
|2010= 9724
|2020= 10248
| estimate=10125
| estyear=2023
| estref=<ref name=Census2020/><ref name=PopEst>[https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2023/mcds/totals/SUB-MCD-EST2023-POP-34.xlsx Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023], [[United States Census Bureau]], released May 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024.</ref>
|footnote=Population sources:<small><br />1860–1920<ref>[https://dspace.njstatelib.org/xmlui/handle/10929/25218?show=full ''Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905''], [[New Jersey Department of State]], 1906. Accessed June 4, 2013.</ref> 1860–1870<ref>Raum, John O. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5qZ4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA271 ''The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1''], p. 272, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed June 4, 2013. "Hackettstown contained in 1860, 1,351 inhabitants, and in 1870 2,202."</ref> 1870<ref>Staff. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gNwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA260 ''A compendium of the ninth census, 1870''], p. 260. [[United States Census Bureau]], 1872. Accessed June 4, 2013.</ref><br />1880–1890<ref>Porter, Robert Percival. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8gUkQkJdLpsC&pg=PA100 ''Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75''], p. 100. [[United States Census Bureau]], 1890. Accessed June 4, 2013.</ref> 1890–1910<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=T9HrAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA339 ''Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890''], [[United States Census Bureau]], p. 339. Accessed June 4, 2013.</ref><br />1910–1930<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kifRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA719 ''Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I''], [[United States Census Bureau]], p. 719. Accessed June 4, 2013.</ref> 1940–2000<ref>[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2kpub/njsdcp3.pdf#page=27 Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000], Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023.</ref><br>2000<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/> 2010<ref name=Census2010>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0600000US3404128710 DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Hackettstown town, Warren County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212101435/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0600000US3404128710 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed June 5, 2013.</ref><ref name=LWD2010>[http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/dp/dp1_war/hackettstown1.pdf Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Hackettstown town] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902141436/http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/dp/dp1_war/hackettstown1.pdf |date=September 2, 2014 }}, [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed June 5, 2013.</ref> 2020 <ref name=Census2020>[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/hackettstowntownnewjersey QuickFacts Hackettstown town, New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed December 27, 2022.</ref><ref name=LWD2020>[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2020/2020%20pl94%20Tables/2020_Mun/MCD%200_All.pdf Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed December 1, 2022.</ref></small>
}}

===2010 census===

The [[2010 United States census]] counted 9,724 people, 3,575 households, and 2,256 families in the town. The population density was {{convert|2696.1|/sqmi}}. There were 3,755 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1041.1|/sqmi}}. The racial makeup was 85.08% (8,273) [[White (U.S. census)|White]], 2.46% (239) [[Black (U.S. census)|Black or African American]], 0.24% (23) [[Native American (U.S. census)|Native American]], 4.97% (483) [[Asian (U.S. census)|Asian]], 0.05% (5) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. census)|Pacific Islander]], 5.19% (505) from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census#Race|other races]], and 2.02% (196) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. census)|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race were 15.16% (1,474) of the population.<ref name=Census2010/>

Of the 3,575 households, 29.4% had children under the age of 18; 49.5% were married couples living together; 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 36.9% were non-families. Of all households, 30.0% were made up of individuals and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.09.<ref name=Census2010/>

20.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 14.5% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 91.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 91.4 males.<ref name=Census2010/>

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 [[American Community Survey]] showed that (in 2010 [[inflation adjustment|inflation-adjusted]] dollars) [[median household income]] was $62,215 (with a margin of error of +/− $6,907) and the median family income was $82,216 (+/− $10,611). Males had a median income of $51,489 (+/− $5,850) versus $41,822 (+/− $5,248) for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough was $29,433 (+/− $2,122). About 4.4% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0600000US3404128710 DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Hackettstown town, Warren County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212084336/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0600000US3404128710 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed July 6, 2012.</ref>

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census]]<ref name="GR2" /> there were 10,403 people, 4,134 households, and 2,530 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|2,809.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 4,347 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,174.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 90.25% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.18% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.12% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.91% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.06% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2.00% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.47% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 8.01% of the population.<ref name="Census2000">[http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/1603428710.pdf Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Hackettstown town] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112130028/http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/1603428710.pdf |date=January 12, 2016 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed July 6, 2012.</ref><ref name="Census2000SF1">[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/1600000US3428710 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Hackettstown town, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212092129/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/1600000US3428710 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed July 5, 2012.</ref>

There were 4,134 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.10.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

The median income for a household in the town was $51,955, and the median income for a family was $64,383. Males had a median income of $44,420 versus $31,110 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $24,742. About 2.3% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

==Economy==
[[File:M&M-Mars Headquarters.jpg|thumb|[[Mars, Incorporated|Mars Wrigley]] US Headquarters, 800 High Street<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2017 |title=Mars Wrigley to Base U.S. Headquarters in Hackettstown & Newark, New Jersey; Global Headquarters Remain in Chicago {{!}} Mars, Incorporated |url=https://www.mars.com/news-and-stories/press-releases/hackettstown-us-base |access-date=March 2, 2022 |website=www.mars.com }}</ref>|alt=]]Hackettstown houses the US headquarters of [[Wrigley Company|Mars Wrigley Confectionery]], a business segment of [[Mars, Incorporated]], makers of [[Milky Way (candy)|Milky Way]], [[Mars bar|Mars]], [[M&M's]], [[Twix]] and [[Snickers]].<ref>[http://www.mars.com/global/about-mars/mars-pia/market-summaries/mars-united-states.aspx Mars United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603175703/http://www.mars.com/global/about-mars/mars-pia/market-summaries/mars-united-states.aspx |date=June 3, 2013 }}, [[Mars, Incorporated]]. Accessed June 5, 2013. "Mars Chocolate has nine factories in North America and is headquartered in Hackettstown, New Jersey."</ref>

==Arts and culture==
Musical groups from Hackettstown include [[The Semonski Sisters]], a family musical act that appeared on television's ''[[The Lawrence Welk Show]]'' from 1975 to 1977.<ref>[http://www.welkmusicalfamily.com/semonskisisters.html The Semonski Sisters], WelkMusicalFamily.com. Accessed September 10, 2017.</ref>

==Sports==
* The Skyland Rollergirls were a roller derby team founded in 2008 that bouted out of Excel Roller Skating Center in Hackettstown until it closed in late 2011.<ref>[http://skylandrollergirls.com/ HomePage], {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202172144/http://skylandrollergirls.com/ |archive-date=February 2, 2021}}, Skyland Roller Girls. Accessed October 1, 2022.</ref><ref>[http://flattrackstats.com/teams/13402 Skyland Rollergirls], Flat Track Stats. Accessed October 1, 2022.</ref>
*The [[Jersey Express]], a team in the [[American Basketball Association (2000–present)|American Basketball Association]] moved to Hackettstown in late 2012 and played in the gym at [[Centenary College of New Jersey|Centenary College]].<ref>Loigu, Andy. [http://www.nj.com/warrenreporter/index.ssf/2013/02/sports_chatter_new_jersey_expr.html "Sports Chatter: New Jersey Express call Centenary home this winter"], ''Warren Reporter'', February 16, 2013. Accessed June 5, 2013. "The New Jersey Express has been in the circuit that brought the red, white and blue ball and three-point shot into the sport 45 years ago, since 2005, but is in its first season of calling the Reeves Gymnasium and Hackettstown its home."</ref>
* [[Hackettstown High School]] sports teams are known as the Tigers and compete as part of the [[Northwest Jersey Athletic Conference]].<ref>[https://www.nwjerseyac.com/g5-bin/client.cgi?G5button=7 Member Schools], [[Northwest Jersey Athletic Conference]]. Accessed October 1, 2022.</ref>
* The [[Centenary University]] sports teams are known as the [[Centenary Cyclones|Cyclones]].<ref>[https://centenarycyclones.com/ Home Page], [[Centenary Cyclones]]. Accessed October 1, 2022.</ref>
* The [[Hackettstown Harleys]] ice hockey team was founded in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chilloutsportsarena.com/ |title=www.chilloutsportsarena.com |access-date=June 13, 2010 |archive-date=February 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211142545/http://www.chilloutsportsarena.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Government==
===Local government===
Hackettstown operates under a [[mayor–council government|mayor-council]] form of government that was created by a [[Special charter (New Jersey)|special charter]] adopted by the [[New Jersey Legislature]] and approved by the voters in 1970.<ref>[https://www.hackettstown.net/sites/g/files/vyhlif646/f/uploads/hackettstown_charter_and_general_code_2018.pdf#page=420 ''Charter and General Code Ordinance''], p .420. Updated through December 31, 2018. Accessed September 1, 2020. "On September 23, 1970, an Act to provide a special charter for the Town of Hackettstown was adopted by the Legislature. This act was approved by the voters on November 3, 1970, and became effective at that time."</ref> The town is one of 11 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that operate under a special charter.<ref>[https://njdatabook.rutgers.edu/sites/njdatabook.rutgers.edu/files/documents/inventory_of_municipal_forms_of_government_in_new_jersey.pdf ''Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey''], [[Rutgers University]] Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref> The town's governing body is comprised of a strong mayor who serves a three-year term of office and six councilpersons who are elected at large to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with two seats up for election each year.<ref name=DataBook>''2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book'', [[Rutgers University]] [[Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy]], March 2013, p. 125.</ref><ref>[https://njdatabook.rutgers.edu/sites/njdatabook.rutgers.edu/files/documents/forms_of_municipal_government_in_new_jersey_9220.pdf#page=15 "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey"], p. 15. [[Rutgers University]] Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref> The mayor is the town's chief executive officer, overseeing its day-to-day operation and presenting an annual budget. The council is the town's legislative body. The mayor attends town council meetings, but may only vote in the event of a tie. The mayor may veto ordinances passed by the council, which can be overridden with the votes of four council members.<ref>[http://www.hackettstown.net/Municipal/Administration/Organization/index.htm Town of Hackettstown Organization] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813201736/http://www.hackettstown.net/Municipal/Administration/Organization/index.htm |date=August 13, 2006 }}, Town of Hackettstown. Accessed July 3, 2006.</ref>

{{As of|2022}}, the [[mayor]] of Hackettstown is [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] Gerald DiMaio Jr. whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. Members of the Town Council are Jody Becker (R, 2024), Matthew Engelau (R, 2022), Leonard Kunz (R, 2023), James Lambo (R, 2022; elected to serve an unexpired term), Scott Sheldon (R, 2024) and Eric Tynan (R, 2023).<ref name=MayorCouncil>[https://www.hackettstown.net/mayor-town-council Mayor and Town Council], Town of Hackettstown. Accessed March 1, 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.hackettstown.net/sites/g/files/vyhlif646/f/uploads/2022_municipal_budget.pdf#page=10 2022 Municipal Data Sheet], Town of Hackettstown. Accessed July 30, 2022.</ref><ref name=Warren2021>[https://www.warrencountyvotes.com/home/showpublisheddocument/3284/637729175316070000 Summary Results Report 2021 General Election November 2, 2021 Official Results], Warren County, New Jersey, updated November 18, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.</ref><ref name=Warren2020>[https://www.warrencountyvotes.com/home/showpublisheddocument/2484/637648299297000000 Warren County 2020 General Election November 20, 2020 Official Results], Warren County, New Jersey, updated November 20, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.</ref><ref name=Warren2019>[https://www.warrencountyvotes.com/home/showpublisheddocument/2470/637642013517370000 General Election November 5, 2019, Warren County Official Tally], [[Warren County, New Jersey]], updated November 12, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.</ref>

James Lambo was selected from a list of three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill a vacant seat. The seat, which expired in December 2018, was vacated by William Conforti in August 2016, after his announcement that he was moving out of the municipality. Lambo served on an interim basis until the November 2016 general election during which he was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.<ref>Novak, Steve. [http://www.lehighvalleylive.com/warren-county/index.ssf/2016/10/another_nj_town_dealing_with_e.html "Another Warren County town dealing with elected officials' resignations"], ''[[The Express-Times]]'', October 4, 2016. Accessed February 2, 2018. "Councilman William Conforti resigned from the municipal government Aug. 5 because he was moving out of town.... Council appointed James Lambo to fill the slot. His name is to be put on November ballot to fill the remainder of the term, which expires at the end of 2018, town Clerk/Administrator William Kuster said."</ref><ref name=Warren2016>[http://www.co.warren.nj.us/Elections/includings/2016_General_Official_Summary_with_Write-ins.pdf#page=22 General Election November 8, 2016, Warren County Official Tally] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209001536/http://www.co.warren.nj.us/Elections/includings/2016_General_Official_Summary_with_Write-ins.pdf#page=22 |date=December 9, 2017 }}, [[Warren County, New Jersey]], updated November 16, 2016. Accessed January 30, 2017.</ref>

===Federal, state, and county representation===
Hackettstown is located in the 7th congressional district<ref name=PCR2022>[https://www.njredistrictingcommission.org/documents/2021/Data2021/Plan%20Components.pdf 2022 Redistricting Plan], [[New Jersey Redistricting Commission]], December 8, 2022.</ref> and is part of the [[New Jersey's 23rd legislative district|23rd state legislative district]].<ref name=Districts2011>[https://www.nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/2011-legislative-districts/towns-districts.pdf Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District], [[New Jersey Department of State]]. Accessed February 1, 2020.</ref><ref name=LWV2019>[https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5bae63366fd2b2e5b9f87e5e/5d30f0a94a82c66427e564d2_2019_CitizensGuide.pdf ''2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government''], New Jersey [[League of Women Voters]]. Accessed October 30, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/districts/districtnumbers.asp#23 Districts by Number for 2011-2020], [[New Jersey Legislature]]. Accessed January 6, 2013.</ref>

{{NJ Congress 07}} {{NJ Senate}}

{{NJ Legislative 23}}

{{NJ Warren County Freeholders}}

===Politics===
In the November 2020 election, there were 6,697 voters in Hackettstown. Of those voters, 2,473 (50.31%) voted for Republican Donald J. Trump and 2,280 (46.38%) voted for Democrat Joseph R. Biden, the eventual victor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Summary Results Report 2022 General Election |url=https://www.warrencountyvotes.com/home/showpublisheddocument/5374/638046440648300000 |website=Warren County Clerk's Office |access-date=April 27, 2023}}</ref>

As of March 2011, there were a total of 5,410 registered voters in Hackettstown, of which 1,169 (21.6% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]], 1,764 (32.6% vs. 35.3%) were registered as [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] and 2,468 (45.6% vs. 43.1%) were registered as [[Unaffiliated (New Jersey)|Unaffiliated]]. There were 9 voters registered as [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarians]] or [[Green Party (United States)|Greens]].<ref name="VoterRegistration">[http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2011-warren-co-summary-report.pdf Voter Registration Summary - Warren], [[New Jersey Department of State]] Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed June 5, 2013.</ref> Among the town's 2010 Census population, 55.6% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 69.8% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).<ref name=VoterRegistration/><ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTP7.ST16?slice=GEO~0400000US34 GCT-P7: Selected Age Groups: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision; 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212202223/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTP7.ST16?slice=GEO~0400000US34 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed June 5, 2013.</ref>

In the [[2012 United States presidential election in New Jersey|2012 presidential election]], Republican [[Mitt Romney]] received 1,973 votes (52.2% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat [[Barack Obama]] with 1,661 votes (44.0% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 77 votes (2.0% vs. 1.7%), among the 3,777 ballots cast by the town's 5,516 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.5% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County).<ref>[http://njelections.org/2012-results/2012-presidential-warren.pdf Presidential November 6, 2012 General Election Results - Warren County] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118065243/http://njelections.org/2012-results/2012-presidential-warren.pdf |date=January 18, 2014 }}, [[New Jersey Department of State]] Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed June 5, 2013.</ref><ref>[http://njelections.org/2012-results/2012-ballotscast-warren.pdf Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast November 6, 2012 General Election Results - Warren County] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118065245/http://njelections.org/2012-results/2012-ballotscast-warren.pdf |date=January 18, 2014 }}, [[New Jersey Department of State]] Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed June 5, 2013.</ref> In the [[2008 United States presidential election in New Jersey|2008 presidential election]], Republican [[John McCain]] received 2,090 votes (52.7% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat [[Barack Obama]] with 1,724 votes (43.4% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 64 votes (1.6% vs. 1.6%), among the 3,969 ballots cast by the town's 5,437 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.0% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County).<ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2008-gen-elect-presidential-results-warren.pdf 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Warren County], [[New Jersey Department of State]] Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed June 5, 2013.</ref> In the [[2004 United States presidential election in New Jersey|2004 presidential election]], Republican [[George W. Bush]] received 2,368 votes (60.3% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat [[John Kerry]] with 1,492 votes (38.0% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 48 votes (1.2% vs. 1.3%), among the 3,928 ballots cast by the town's 5,241 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.9% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).<ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2004-presidential_warren_co_2004.pdf 2004 Presidential Election: Warren County], [[New Jersey Department of State]] Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed June 5, 2013.</ref>

In the [[2013 New Jersey gubernatorial election|2013 gubernatorial election]], Republican [[Chris Christie]] received 72.5% of the vote (1,543 cast), ahead of Democrat [[Barbara Buono]] with 25.6% (545 votes), and other candidates with 1.9% (41 votes), among the 2,166 ballots cast by the town's 5,608 registered voters (37 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 38.6%.<ref name="2013Elections">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2013-results/2013-general-election-results-governor-warren.pdf |title=Governor – Warren County |date=January 29, 2014 |publisher=New Jersey Department of Elections |access-date=December 24, 2014}}</ref><ref name="2013VoterReg">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2013-results/2013-general-election-ballotscast-warren.pdf |title=Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Warren County|date=January 29, 2014 |publisher=New Jersey Department of Elections |access-date=December 24, 2014}}</ref> In the [[2009 New Jersey gubernatorial election|2009 gubernatorial election]], Republican Chris Christie received 1,547 votes (61.1% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat [[Jon Corzine]] with 662 votes (26.1% vs. 25.7%), Independent [[Chris Daggett]] with 250 votes (9.9% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 30 votes (1.2% vs. 1.5%), among the 2,533 ballots cast by the town's 5,321 registered voters, yielding a 47.6% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).<ref>[http://www.njelections.org/election-results/2009-governor_results-warren.pdf 2009 Governor: Warren County] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017230758/http://www.njelections.org/election-results/2009-governor_results-warren.pdf |date=October 17, 2012 }}, [[New Jersey Department of State]] Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed June 5, 2013.</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Old Main, Centenary University, Hackettstown, NJ.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Old Main, Edward Seay Administration Building, [[Centenary University]]]]
The [[Hackettstown School District]] serves students in [[pre-kindergarten]] through [[twelfth grade]].<ref>[https://www.straussesmay.com/seportal/Public/DistrictPolicy.aspx?policyid=0110&id=6db67738371f4dd0ae830e46bf1ad8b3 Hackettstown Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification], Hackettstown School District. Accessed November 9, 2023. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre-Kindergarten through twelve in the Hackettstown School District. Composition: The Hackettstown School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Hackettstown and middle and high school pupils from Allamuchy and Great Meadows."</ref> The district serves students in four schools: two elementary schools (covering K-4), a middle school (5–8), and a four-year high school (9–12). As of the 2021–22 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 2,003 students and 172.5 classroom teachers (on an [[full-time equivalent|FTE]] basis), for a [[student–teacher ratio]] of 11.6:1.<ref name=NCES>[https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/districtsearch/district_detail.asp?Search=2&details=1&ID2=3406300&DistrictID=3406300 District information for Hackettstown Public School District], [[National Center for Education Statistics]]. Accessed December 1, 2022.</ref> Schools in the district (with 2021–22 enrollment data from the [[National Center for Education Statistics]]<ref>[https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_list.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=3406300 School Data for the Hackettstown School District], [[National Center for Education Statistics]]. Accessed December 1, 2022.</ref>) are
Hatchery Hill School<ref>[https://hh.hackettstown.org/ Hatchery Hill School], Hackettstown School District. Accessed November 9, 2023.</ref> with 275 students in grades PreK-1,
Willow Grove School<ref>[https://wg.hackettstown.org/ Willow Grove School], Hackettstown School District. Accessed November 9, 2023.</ref> with 368 students in grades 2–4,
Hackettstown Middle School<ref>[https://hms.hackettstown.org/ Hackettstown Middle School], Hackettstown School District. Accessed November 9, 2023.</ref> with 475 students in grades 5-8 and
[[Hackettstown High School]]<ref>[https://hhs.hackettstown.org/ Hackettstown High School], Hackettstown School District. Accessed November 9, 2023.</ref> with 869 students in grades 9–12.<ref>[https://www.hackettstown.org/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=1551580&type=d&pREC_ID=1677542 Building Level Administration], Hackettstown School District. Accessed November 9, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.warrencountynj.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/7559/638308166139700000#page=16 ''2023-2024 Public School Directory''], [[Warren County, New Jersey]]. Accessed November 9, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://rc.doe.state.nj.us/selectreport/2022-2023/41/1870 School Performance Reports for the Hackettstown Public School District], [[New Jersey Department of Education]]. Accessed April 1, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://homeroom6.doe.state.nj.us/directory/school/districtid/1870 New Jersey School Directory for the Hackettstown School District], [[New Jersey Department of Education]]. Accessed February 1, 2024.</ref> Students from the townships of [[Allamuchy Township, New Jersey|Allamuchy]], [[Independence Township, New Jersey|Independence]], and [[Liberty Township, New Jersey|Liberty]], attend the district's high school as part of [[sending/receiving relationship]]s.<ref>[http://www.nj.gov/education/pr/2013/narrative/41/1870/41-1870-050.html Hackettstown High School 2013 Report Card Narrative], [[New Jersey Department of Education]]. Accessed July 20, 2016. "Hackettstown High School serves the communities of Hackettstown, Allamuchy, Independence, and Liberty."</ref> For the 2001–2002 school year, Hackettstown Middle School was recognized with the [[National Blue Ribbon Schools Program|National Blue Ribbon Award of Excellence]] from the [[United States Department of Education]], the highest honor that an American school can achieve.<ref>[https://www2.ed.gov/programs/nclbbrs/list-1982.pdf#page=52 Blue Ribbon Schools Program: Schools Recognized 1982-1983 through 1999-2002 (PDF)], [[United States Department of Education]]. Accessed September 1, 2020.</ref>

Students from the town and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in [[Frelinghuysen Township, New Jersey|Frelinghuysen Township]] (for grades K–8)<ref>[http://www.ridgeandvalley.org/about-us/f-a-q/ F.A.Q.], Ridge and Valley Charter School. Accessed July 17, 2017. "Enrollment is open, on a space available basis, to all K-8 students residing in N.J. with priority given to students residing in the districts of Blairstown, Hardwick, Knowlton, Frelinghuysen, and North Warren Regional School."</ref> or [[Warren County Technical School]] in [[Washington, New Jersey|Washington borough]] (for 9–12),<ref>[http://www.wctech.org/wcts/About%20Us/ About Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927093127/http://www.wctech.org/wcts/About%20Us/ |date=September 27, 2013 }}, [[Warren County Technical School]]. Accessed September 12, 2013.</ref> with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the [[Warren County Special Services School District]] in [[Oxford Township, New Jersey|Oxford Township]] (for Pre-K–12).<ref>[http://wcsssd.org/?page_id=2 About] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927023343/http://wcsssd.org/?page_id=2 |date=September 27, 2013 }}, [[Warren County Special Services School District]]. Accessed September 12, 2013.</ref>

[[Centenary University]], a private college affiliated with the [[United Methodist Church]], was founded in 1867 and received approval in 1995 to grant master's degrees.<ref>[https://www.centenaryuniversity.edu/about-centenary/history-and-traditions/ History and Traditions], [[Centenary University]]. Accessed March 31, 2020. "Founded in 1867 by the Newark Conference of the United Methodist Church, Centenary University has evolved from a coeducational preparatory school into a modern, independent, four-year baccalaureate and master-level institution of higher learning."</ref>

==Media==
* [[WRNJ]] at 1510 AM and simulcast on FM Translators 92.7 FM 104.7 FM and 105.7 FM, is licensed to Hackettstown and locally owned and operated.<ref>[https://wrnjradio.com/ Home Page], [[WRNJ]]. Accessed October 6, 2019.</ref>
* [[WXPJ]] at 91.9 FM – Originally Centenary University radio, the station was sold in 2015 and is owned and operated by the University of Pennsylvania.<ref>Blumenthal, Jeff. [https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2015/10/12/wxpn-expands-reach-by-acquiring-north-jersey-radio.html "WXPN expands reach by acquiring North Jersey radio station"], ''[[Philadelphia Business Journal]]'', October 12, 2015. Accessed March 20, 2023. "The ownership of WNTI (91.9 FM), the public radio station owned by Centenary College of Hackettstown, N.J., was transferred to WXPN, which will begin broadcasting its music programming on its new property beginning on Thursday at 12 p.m. FCC approval of the transaction is expected to take 60 to 90 days after the filing."</ref>
* Two regional [[Advance Digital]] publications serve the town, ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'' of Newark, and ''[[The Express-Times]]'' of Easton, Pa. The company formerly kept a newsroom for the free weekly newspaper ''[[The Warren Reporter]]'' on East Moore Street, which has since been closed and folded into its digital products.<ref>[https://www.nj.com/warren/ Home Page], [[NJ.com]]. Accessed May 17, 2023.</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:2018-06-28 14 39 47 View east along U.S. Route 46 (Main Street-Mill Street) just east of New Jersey State Route 182 and Warren County Route 517 (Mountain Avenue) in Hackettstown, Warren County, New Jersey.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|[[U.S. Route 46]] in Hackettstown|alt=]]

===Roads and highways===
{{As of|2010|5}}, the town had a total of {{convert|34.47|mi}} of roadways, of which {{convert|28.83|mi}} were maintained by the municipality, {{convert|2.96|mi}} by Warren County and {{convert|2.68|mi}} by the [[New Jersey Department of Transportation]].<ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/mileage_Warren.pdf Warren County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction], [[New Jersey Department of Transportation]], May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.</ref>

Passing through Hackettstown are [[U.S. Route 46]], [[New Jersey Route 57|Route 57]], and [[County Route 517 (New Jersey)|County Route 517]]. [[New Jersey Route 182|Route 182]] exists completely within the boundaries of Hackettstown. [[Interstate 80 in New Jersey|Interstate 80]] runs to the north of the town.

===Public transportation===
[[File:Hackettstown station - March 2017.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Hackettstown station|alt=]]
The [[Hackettstown station]] is the western terminus of the [[NJ Transit]] [[Morristown Line]] and the [[Montclair-Boonton Line]], which both provide service to [[Hoboken Terminal]] with connections to [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Pennsylvania Station]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]] via [[Kearny Connection|Midtown Direct]] trains. New Jersey Transit bus service used to be provided on the [[MCM5 (New Jersey bus)|MCM5]] and [[973 (New Jersey bus)|973]] local routes before they were discontinued.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090522212323/http://www.njtransit.com/sf/sf_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=BusRoutesWarrenCountyTo Warren County Bus rail Connections], [[NJ Transit]], backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of May 22, 2009. Accessed June 6, 2013.</ref>

Warren County operates a shuttle along Route 57 to Washington Township that operates on an hourly loop on weekdays, with connections available to a shuttle to [[Phillipsburg, New Jersey|Phillipsburg]].<ref>[https://www.warrencountynj.gov/government/human-services/transportation-services Warren County Transportation (WCT) Shuttles and Demand Response], Warren County, New Jersey. Accessed July 11, 2022. "The Washington – Hackettstown Shuttle runs Monday – Friday starting at 8:00 a.m. with the last run beginning at 4:30 p.m. Shuttles operate on a schedule with stops every 60 minutes at key locations along the route."</ref><ref>[https://www.warrencountynj.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/4580/637915020596500000http://www.co.warren.nj.us/humanservices/includings/Hackettstown-Washington-map21.pdf Washington To Hackettstown and Back Shuttle Map], Warren County, New Jersey. Accessed July 11, 2022.</ref>

===Airports===
Hackettstown is located {{convert|49.3|miles}} from [[Newark Liberty International Airport]] in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] / [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]]. [[Lehigh Valley International Airport]], near [[Allentown, Pennsylvania]], is {{convert|39.0|miles}} away.

[[Hackettstown Airport]], a small general aviation airport with the official database designation of {{Airport codes|||N05}} is located in adjoining [[Mansfield Township, Warren County, New Jersey|Mansfield Township]], only a few hundred yards from the municipal border with Hackettstown proper.

==Points of interest==
* Hackettstown Historical Society Museum, 106 Church Street<ref>{{cite web |title=Hackettstown Historical Society |url=http://hackettstownhistory.com/}}</ref>
* [[Jacob C. Allen House]], 206 West Moore Street, listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]
* First Presbyterian Church of Hackettstown, 291 Main Street<ref>{{cite web |title=First Presbyterian Church of Hackettstown, NJ |url=http://www.fpchackettstown.org/}}</ref>
*Hackettstown Free Public Library, 110 Church Street
*Hackettstown Community Center, 293 Main Street
*Hackettstown Medical Center, 651 Willow Grove Street
*Union Cemetery, Mountain Avenue
*Mars Wrigley US Headquarters, 800 High Street

<gallery heights="180" widths="220" mode="nolines">
File:HACKETTSTOWN HISTORICAL SOCIETY MUSEUM, WARREN COUNTY.jpg|Historical Society Museum
File:206 West Moore Street, Hackettstown, NJ.jpg|[[Jacob C. Allen House]]
File:291 Main Street, Hackettstown, NJ.jpg|First Presbyterian Church
File:Old Presbyterian Burial Ground, Hackettstown, NJ.jpg|link=|'''Old Presbyterian Burial Ground'''
File:Hackettstown Free Public Library at night.jpg|Hackettstown Free Public Library
File:Hackettstown Community Center at Night.jpg|Hackettstown Community Center
File:400 West Moore Street, Hackettstown, NJ.jpg|link=|400 West Moore Street
</gallery>

==Notable people==
{{See also|Centenary_University#Notable_alumni_and_staff|l1=List of Centenary University notable alumni|Category:People from Hackettstown, New Jersey}}
[[File:Bulkeley MOH.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Lt. Bulkeley receiving the [[List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II|Medal of Honor]] {{circa|1942}}|alt=]]
[[File:Izetta Jewel 01.JPG|thumb|upright=1.1|right|Izetta Jewel {{circa|1903}}|alt=]]
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Hackettstown include:

* [[Abraham H. Albertson]] (1872–1964), one of [[Seattle]]'s most prominent architects of the first half of the 20th century<ref>[https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/Neighborhoods/HistoricPreservation/Landmarks/CurrentNominations/LPBCurrentNom_Edris.pdf Landmark Nomination for Frances Skinner Edris Nurses Home], City of Seattle Landmarks Preservation Board. Accessed January 25, 2020. "Born in New Jersey, Albertson lived in Hackettstown, NJ, in 1880."</ref>
* [[John D. Bulkeley]] (1911–1996), Vice Admiral in the United States Navy, [[Medal of Honor]] winner, PT boat skipper who evacuated General Douglas MacArthur from [[Corregidor]]<ref>Vachon, Duane. [http://www.hawaiireporter.com/john-d-bulkeley-vice-admiral-usn-a-gitmo-hero/ "John D. Bulkeley Vice Admiral USN – A Gitmo Hero], ''Hawaii Reporter'', March 21, 2014. accessed January 17, 2019. "John Duncan Bulkeley was born on August 19, 1911 at New York City. He grew up on a farm in Hackettstown, New Jersey and graduated from Hackettstown High School."</ref>
* [[Bette Cooper]] (1920–2017), [[Miss America]] 1937<ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1937/11/21/archives/sororities-admit-85-at-centenary-junior-majority-of-students-named.html "Sororities Admit 85 At Centenary Junior; Majority of Students Named to Three Societies Are From New York Area"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 21, 1937. Accessed September 12, 2018. "Miss Bette Cooper of this community, who was chosen Miss America for 1937 at the Atlantic City beauty contest in September, is a new member of Delta Sigma Sigma."</ref><ref>MacFarland, James M. [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/16/nyregion/l-no-headline-233161.html "No Headline"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 16, 1983. Accessed July 6, 2012. "If memory serves me correctly, Miss Cooper then lived in Hackettstown, where her parents lived. She confounded the Atlantic City pageant officials by not returning for the after-contest festivities. Later, she attended Centenary College in Hackettstown."</ref>
* [[Jim Courter]] (born 1941), former Member of Congress<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/10/fashion/weddings/10COURTER.html?ei=5070&en=71eef47981a940f8&ex=1189742400&pagewanted=all "Katrina Courter, Taylor Whitman"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 10, 2006. Accessed September 20, 2007. "Katrina Janis Courter, a daughter of Carmen and former Representative Jim Courter of Hackettstown, N.J., and Taylor Prentice Whitman, the son of former Gov. Christie Todd Whitman and John Russell Whitman of Oldwick, N.J., were married yesterday at Watch Hill Chapel in Rhode Island."</ref>
* [[Jonathan Townley Crane]] (1819–1880), clergyman, author, abolitionist, father of author [[Stephen Crane]], founder of [[Centenary Collegiate Institute]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Stephen Crane encyclopedia|last=Wertheim, Stanley.|date=1997|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=0-313-00812-4|location=Westport, Conn.|oclc=52242909}}</ref>
* [[Christina Desiderio]] (born 2000), artistic gymnast<ref>Reinhard, Paul. [http://www.mcall.com/sports/olympics/mc-parkettes-gymnastics-olympics-rio-20160704-story.html "Christina Desiderio heads to U.S. Olympic Trials in California this week, keeping alive a streak for her Allentown gymnastics training center"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220736/http://www.mcall.com/sports/olympics/mc-parkettes-gymnastics-olympics-rio-20160704-story.html |date=September 10, 2017 }}, ''[[The Morning Call]]'', July 4, 2016. Accessed September 10, 2017. "Desiderio, who will be 16 next month, came to the Parkettes gym just prior to her 10th birthday when another gym just five minutes from her Hackettstown, N.J., home was no longer a challenge for her."</ref>
* [[John DiMaio]] (born 1955), member of the [[New Jersey General Assembly]] who served as mayor of Hackettstown from 1991 to 1999<ref>[http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/members/BIO.asp?Leg=313 Assemblyman John DiMaio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205022238/http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/members/BIO.asp?Leg=313 |date=December 5, 2009 }}, [[New Jersey Legislature]]. Accessed July 19, 2011.</ref>
* [[Brian Fallon]] (born 1980), lead singer for [[The Gaslight Anthem]] / [[The Horrible Crowes]]<ref>Jordan, Chris. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002180344/http://www.mycentraljersey.com/proart/20100730/entertainment01/100728019/gaslight-anthem-guys-teach-old-friends-american-slang-?pagerestricted=1 "Gaslight Anthem guys teach old friends American Slang"], ''[[Courier News]]'', July 29, 2010, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of October 2, 2012. Accessed September 10, 2017. "DuHamel and Gaslight's Brian Fallon have been friends since the two spent their teenage years in Hackettstown together."</ref>
* [[John Clifford Heed]] (1862–1908), composer and musician, best known for composing over 60 marches<ref>[https://www.gettysburg.edu/contentAsset/raw-data/6ab1c2c4-3dd2-4457-8536-009ca913bfae/concertProgram/ Sunderman Conservatory Wind Symphony program], [[Gettysburg College]], December 4, 2015. Accessed September 10, 2017. "John Clifford Heed was born in Hackettstown, New Jersey in April 1862."</ref>
* [[Kenneth Hopper]] (1926–2019), engineer<ref>Hopper, Ken; Hopper, Will. [https://books.google.com/books?id=t1IOQWG3hckC&pg=PR13 ''The Puritan Gift: Triumph, Collapse and Revival of an American Dream''], p. xiii. [[I.B.Tauris]], 2007. {{ISBN|9781850434191}}. Accessed August 12, 2013.</ref>
* [[Izetta Jewel]] (1883–1978), born Izetta Jewel Kenney, actress and women's rights activist<ref>[http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch01286 Izetta Jewel Papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426234547/http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch01286 |date=April 26, 2014 }}, [[Harvard University]]. Accessed August 30, 2012.</ref>
* [[Ken Kelsch]] (1947–2023), cinematographer of films including ''[[Bad Lieutenant]]'' and ''[[Big Night]]''<ref>[https://www.mandy.com/us/crew/ken-kelsch-asc Ken Kelsch], Mandy.com. Accessed December 27, 2023. "Location: Hackettstown, New Jersey, USA"</ref>
* [[Cole Kimball]] (born 1985), pitcher who has played for the [[Washington Nationals]]<ref>Morrow, Geoff. [http://blog.pennlive.com/patriotnewssports/2010/08/commentary_cole_kimball_provid.html "Commentary: Cole Kimball provides the Harrisburg Senators serious attitude"], ''[[The Patriot-News]]'', August 15, 2010. Accessed May 30, 2013. "Born in Brooklyn, N.Y., Kimball lived in the New York City borough until he was 7. Then his family, including two sisters and a brother, moved to Hackettstown, N.J.... After college stints at St. John's University and Division III Centenary College, the latter just down the street from his Hackettstown home, Kimball was selected in the 12th round by the Washington Nationals in the 2006 amateur draft."</ref>
* [[William Logan (cyclist)|William Logan]] (1914–2002), [[cycle sport|cyclist]] who competed in the [[Cycling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's tandem|tandem]] and [[Cycling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's team pursuit|team pursuit]] events at the [[1936 Summer Olympics]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220926/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lo/william-logan-1.html William Logan Bio, Stats, and Results], [[Sports Reference]]. Accessed September 10, 2017.</ref>
* [[Kristen Maloney]] (born 1981), former gymnastics Olympian<ref>Havsy, Jane. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121106172400/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/dailyrecord/access/1843988991.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+14,+2000&author=JANE+HAVSYDAILY+RECORD&pub=Daily+Record&desc=OLYMPIC+DREAMS+COME+TRUE&pqatl=google "Olympic Dreams Come True"], ''[[Daily Record (New Jersey)|Daily Record]]'', September 14, 2000. Accessed May 10, 2011. "Gymnast Kristen Maloney was born in Hackettstown though she attended Pen Argyl, Pa High School and trains with the Parkettes in Pennsylvania."</ref>
* [[Naked Cowboy]] (stage name of Robert John Burck, born 1970), street performer and 2012 Presidential candidate<ref>via [[Associated Press]]. [https://www.deseret.com/2001/7/29/19598790/he-s-baaack-151-naked-cowboy-belts-out-tunes-in-times-square "He's baaack — 'Naked Cowboy' belts out tunes in Times Square"], ''[[Deseret News]]'', July 29, 2001. Accessed January 25, 2020. "So why give up the excitement of the rest of America to settle down in Hackettstown, N.J., and commute to Times Square every day? 'I get paid tons of money, but that's not important,' said Burck, who claims to make nearly $600 a day by charging a dollar to let people take his picture."</ref>
* [[Louis F. Post]] (1849–1928), journalist, lawyer, author, former US Attorney, former Assistant [[United States Secretary of Labor]] during the [[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]] administration<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5kuAQAAIAAJ&q=louis+freeland+post+hackettstown&pg=PA160|title=Typographical Journal|date=1914|publisher=International Typographical Union.}}</ref>
* [[Jimmi Simpson]] (born 1975), Emmy nominated film and television actor<ref>Sommers, Michael W. [http://www.nj.com/entertainment/arts/index.ssf/2007/12/tv_play_gives_audiences_a_prim.html "TV play gives audiences a prime time"], ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', December 3, 2007. Accessed May 10, 2011. "A rumpled, dreamy-eyed Farnsworth is portrayed by Jimmi Simpson (a Hackettstown native) with mild manners and a deep sense of purpose."</ref>
* [[Joe Stanowicz]] (1921–1999), football player who attended the [[United States Military Academy]] where he played at the guard position for the [[Army Black Knights football]] team<ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1943/10/13/archives/speedy-backs-and-sturdy-line-factors-in-armys-success-cadets.html "Speedy Backs and Sturdy Line Factors in Army's Success; Cadets Unbeaten In Three Starts"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 13, 1943. Accessed September 12, 2018. "Joe Stanowicz, a Hackettwtown, N. J., boy who later went to Blair Academy, where he starred as fullback, has been remolded into a tackle, giving the Cadets two 215-pounders at these important slots, while McCorkle is a converted end."</ref>
* [[Anthony Veneziano]] (born 1997), Major League Baseball pitcher for the [[Kansas City Royals]]<ref>[https://www.mlb.com/player/anthony-veneziano-685107 Anthony Veneziano], [[MLB.com]]. Accessed November 9, 2023. "Born: 9/01/1997 in Hackettstown, NJ"</ref>
* [[George Theodore Werts]] (1846–1910), Governor of New Jersey (1893–1896)<ref>[http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_new_jersey/col2-content/main-content-list/title_werts_george.html "New Jersey Governor George Theodore Werts"], [[National Governors Association]]. Accessed September 10, 2017. "George T. Werts, the thirty-fifth governor of New Jersey, was born in Hackettstown, New Jersey on March 24, 1846."</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Hackettstown, New Jersey}}
* [https://www.hackettstown.net Official website]
* [http://www.hackettstownhistory.com/ Hackettstown Historical Society]
* [https://www.hackettstown.net/sites/g/files/vyhlif646/f/uploads/chronological_history.pdf Chronological History of Hackettstown] (1712-1953)
* [https://www.hackettstown.net/fire/pages/hackettstown-fire-department-history Hackettstown Fire Department History]

{{Warren County, New Jersey}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hackettstown, New Jersey| ]]
[[Category:1853 establishments in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1853]]
[[Category:Special charters in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Towns in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Towns in Warren County, New Jersey]]

Tobin, California

2024-10-21T14:08:01Z

Hike395: Climate data fails verification (BUCKS CREEK station only has precipitation). Replace with data from PRISM

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Tobin
|settlement_type = [[census-designated place]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Plumas_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Tobin_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location in [[Plumas County, California|Plumas County]] and the state of [[California]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Plumas County, California|Plumas]]
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_date =


|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref =US
| area_footnotes = <ref>[https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt U.S. Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |date=2012-01-25 }}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 5.029
| area_land_sq_mi = 5.029
| area_water_sq_mi = 0
| area_total_km2 = 13.025
| area_land_km2 = 13.025
| area_water_km2 = 0
| area_water_percent = 0
| area_note =

|elevation_ft = 2064
|elevation_m = 629
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Tobin, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Tobin%20CDP,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>
|population_total = 19
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|coordinates = {{coord|39.9379409|-121.3085769|region:US_type:city|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{cite gnis|id=1660008|name=Tobin}}</ref>
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 95980
|area_code = [[Area code 530|530]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 06-78792
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1660008
|footnotes =
|website =
}}
'''Tobin''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Plumas County, California|Plumas County]], [[California]], United States. The population was 12 at the 2010 census, up from 11 at the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]].

==Geography==
Tobin is located at {{coord|39|55|14|N|121|17|56|W|type:city}} (39.920539, -121.298918).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|5.0|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

{{Weather box
|location = Tobin, California, {{coords|39.9379|N|121.3086|W}}, Elevation: {{convert|2238|ft}}
|single line = Y

|Jan high F = 51.0
|Feb high F = 55.2
|Mar high F = 60.0
|Apr high F = 66.1
|May high F = 74.9
|Jun high F = 84.1
|Jul high F = 92.6
|Aug high F = 91.9
|Sep high F = 86.2
|Oct high F = 72.8
|Nov high F = 58.8
|Dec high F = 50.1

| Jan mean F = 41.9
| Feb mean F = 44.5
| Mar mean F = 48.3
| Apr mean F = 52.5
| May mean F = 59.9
| Jun mean F = 67.3
| Jul mean F = 74.1
| Aug mean F = 73.3
| Sep mean F = 68.0
| Oct mean F = 58.0
| Nov mean F = 47.5
| Dec mean F = 41.4

|Jan low F = 32.9
|Feb low F = 33.8
|Mar low F = 36.5
|Apr low F = 38.9
|May low F = 44.8
|Jun low F = 50.5
|Jul low F = 55.6
|Aug low F = 54.7
|Sep low F = 49.9
|Oct low F = 43.2
|Nov low F = 36.3
|Dec low F = 32.7

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 11.63
|Feb precipitation inch = 10.88
|Mar precipitation inch = 9.91
|Apr precipitation inch = 5.71
|May precipitation inch = 3.36
|Jun precipitation inch = 1.02
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.08
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.15
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.44
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.23
|Nov precipitation inch = 7.06
|Dec precipitation inch = 13.18

|source 1 = PRISM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=Time Series Values for Individual Locations|publisher=PRISM Climate Group|access-date=20 October 2024|quote=Enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution. Click "Retrieve time series", then "Download time series"}}</ref> (spatially interpolated, 1991-2020 normals)
}}</ref>}}

==Demographics==

===2010===
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] Tobin had a population of 12. The population density was 2.4 people per square mile (0.9/km{{sup|2}}). The racial makeup of Tobin was 12 (100.0%) White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 people (0.0%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678792|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033542/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678792|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Tobin CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}</ref>

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 8 households, 0 (0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3 (37.5%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 0 (0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 0 (0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 0 (0%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 1 (12.5%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 4 households (50.0%) were one person and 1 (12.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 1.50. There were 3 families (37.5% of households); the average family size was 2.00.

The age distribution was 0 people (0%) under the age of 18, 1 people (8.3%) aged 18 to 24, 1 people (8.3%) aged 25 to 44, 9 people (75.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 1 people (8.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 52.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 71.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.4 males.

There were 17 housing units at an average density of 3.4 per square mile, of the occupied units 2 (25.0%) were owner-occupied and 6 (75.0%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 12.5%. 2 people (16.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 10 people (83.3%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] there were 11 people, 8 households, and 1 family residing in the CDP. The population density was 2.2 people per square mile (0.8/km{{sup|2}}). There were 21 housing units at an average density of 4.2 per square mile (1.6/km{{sup|2}}). The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the CDP was 72.73% White, 9.09% from other races, and 18.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.27%.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>

There were 8 households, of which 12.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 12.5% were married couples living together, and 87.5% were non-families. 87.5% of households were one person and 25.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 1.38 and the average family size was 4.00.

The age distribution was 18.2% under the age of 18, 18.2% from 25 to 44, 45.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% 65 or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 266.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 350.0 males.

The median household income was $11,250 and the median family income was $11,250. Males had a median income of $ versus $ for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $2,584, one of the lowest of all statistically measured locations in the United States (although the small sample size means this status must be taken cautiously). Below the [[poverty line]] were 100.0% of people, 100.0% of families, 100.0% of those under 18 and 100.0% 65 or over.

==Media==
The primary local news source is the ''Feather River Bulletin'', a newspaper published every Wednesday.

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Tobin is in {{Representative|casd|1|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |accessdate=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|1|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |accessdate=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Tobin is in {{Representative|cacd|1|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|1|accessdate=March 3, 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Tobin Bridges]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Plumas County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Plumas County, California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]

Tobin, California

2024-10-21T13:58:33Z

Hike395: use GNIS coordinates

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Tobin
|settlement_type = [[census-designated place]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Plumas_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Tobin_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location in [[Plumas County, California|Plumas County]] and the state of [[California]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Plumas County, California|Plumas]]
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_date =


|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref =US
| area_footnotes = <ref>[https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt U.S. Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |date=2012-01-25 }}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 5.029
| area_land_sq_mi = 5.029
| area_water_sq_mi = 0
| area_total_km2 = 13.025
| area_land_km2 = 13.025
| area_water_km2 = 0
| area_water_percent = 0
| area_note =

|elevation_ft = 2064
|elevation_m = 629
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Tobin, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Tobin%20CDP,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>
|population_total = 19
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|coordinates = {{coord|39.9379409|-121.3085769|region:US_type:city|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{cite gnis|id=1660008|name=Tobin}}</ref>
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 95980
|area_code = [[Area code 530|530]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 06-78792
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1660008
|footnotes =
|website =
}}
'''Tobin''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Plumas County, California|Plumas County]], [[California]], United States. The population was 12 at the 2010 census, up from 11 at the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]].

==Geography==
Tobin is located at {{coord|39|55|14|N|121|17|56|W|type:city}} (39.920539, -121.298918).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|5.0|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

{{Weather box
|location = Tobin, California
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 49
|Feb high F = 54
|Mar high F = 59
|Apr high F = 65
|May high F = 75
|Jun high F = 84
|Jul high F = 93
|Aug high F = 92
|Sep high F = 86
|Oct high F = 72
|Nov high F = 58
|Dec high F = 49
|year high F =
|Jan low F = 33
|Feb low F = 34
|Mar low F = 36
|Apr low F = 39
|May low F = 45
|Jun low F = 51
|Jul low F = 56
|Aug low F = 55
|Sep low F = 51
|Oct low F = 43
|Nov low F = 36
|Dec low F = 33
|year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 11.76
|Feb precipitation inch = 10.07
|Mar precipitation inch = 10.17
|Apr precipitation inch = 5.35
|May precipitation inch = 2.66
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.95
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.08
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.22
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.90
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.50
|Nov precipitation inch = 8.49
|Dec precipitation inch = 12.17
|year precipitation inch=
|Jan snow inch = 2.3
|Feb snow inch = 1.3
|Mar snow inch = 2.4
|Apr snow inch = 0.2
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.2
|Dec snow inch = 1.2
|year snow inch=
|source 1 = NOAA,<ref>{{Cite web
| url = https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/
| title = Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary
| publisher= [[NOAA]]
| accessdate=2013-11-30|date=February 1, 1910 – May 31, 2000
}}</ref>}}

==Demographics==

===2010===
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] Tobin had a population of 12. The population density was 2.4 people per square mile (0.9/km{{sup|2}}). The racial makeup of Tobin was 12 (100.0%) White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 people (0.0%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678792|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033542/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678792|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Tobin CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}</ref>

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 8 households, 0 (0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3 (37.5%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 0 (0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 0 (0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 0 (0%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 1 (12.5%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 4 households (50.0%) were one person and 1 (12.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 1.50. There were 3 families (37.5% of households); the average family size was 2.00.

The age distribution was 0 people (0%) under the age of 18, 1 people (8.3%) aged 18 to 24, 1 people (8.3%) aged 25 to 44, 9 people (75.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 1 people (8.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 52.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 71.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.4 males.

There were 17 housing units at an average density of 3.4 per square mile, of the occupied units 2 (25.0%) were owner-occupied and 6 (75.0%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 12.5%. 2 people (16.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 10 people (83.3%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] there were 11 people, 8 households, and 1 family residing in the CDP. The population density was 2.2 people per square mile (0.8/km{{sup|2}}). There were 21 housing units at an average density of 4.2 per square mile (1.6/km{{sup|2}}). The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the CDP was 72.73% White, 9.09% from other races, and 18.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.27%.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>

There were 8 households, of which 12.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 12.5% were married couples living together, and 87.5% were non-families. 87.5% of households were one person and 25.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 1.38 and the average family size was 4.00.

The age distribution was 18.2% under the age of 18, 18.2% from 25 to 44, 45.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% 65 or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 266.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 350.0 males.

The median household income was $11,250 and the median family income was $11,250. Males had a median income of $ versus $ for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $2,584, one of the lowest of all statistically measured locations in the United States (although the small sample size means this status must be taken cautiously). Below the [[poverty line]] were 100.0% of people, 100.0% of families, 100.0% of those under 18 and 100.0% 65 or over.

==Media==
The primary local news source is the ''Feather River Bulletin'', a newspaper published every Wednesday.

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Tobin is in {{Representative|casd|1|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |accessdate=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|1|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |accessdate=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Tobin is in {{Representative|cacd|1|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|1|accessdate=March 3, 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Tobin Bridges]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Plumas County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Plumas County, California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]

Solvang, California

2024-10-21T11:52:01Z

Hike395: Reverted edit by Aaghdam1722 (talk) to last version by Adflatuss

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{redirect|Solvang}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement

| official_name = Solvang, California
| other_name =
| native_name = 
| settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]

| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Tivoli Square Solvang.jpg
| photo1b = Petersen Village Inn, Solvang, CA, USA (9500336893).jpg
| photo2a = Santa Inés Mission in Santa Ynez, California LCCN2013631417 (cropped).tif
| photo3a = Solvang mill (cropped).jpg
| photo3b = Solvang Bethania Lutheran Church (cropped).JPG
| spacing = 2
| position = center
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 275
| foot_montage = Top: Tivoli Square, Petersen Village Inn; middle: [[Mission Santa Inés]]; bottom: Solvang windmill, Bethania Church
}}
| image_flag = Flag of Solvang, California.webp
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| nickname = Danish Capital of America
| motto =
| image_map = Santa Barbara County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Solvang Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_caption = Location in [[Santa Barbara County, California|Santa Barbara County]] and the state of [[California]]
| pushpin_map = USA California Southern#California#USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
| pushpin_label = Solvang

| coordinates = {{coord|34|35|38|N|120|8|23|W|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Santa Barbara County, California|Santa Barbara]]

| established_title = 
| established_date = 1911
| established_title3 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date3 = May 1, 1985<ref name=Incorporated>{{cite web |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
| title=California Cities by Incorporation Date
| format= Word
| publisher= California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
| access-date=August 25, 2014
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
| archive-date=November 3, 2014
}}</ref>
| government_type =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Charles Uhrig<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.cityofsolvang.com/index.php/city-council/council-members
| title = City Council
| publisher = City of Solvang
| access-date = August 2, 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150930030214/http://www.cityofsolvang.com/index.php/city-council/council-members
| archive-date = September 30, 2015
}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[California's 19th State Senate district|State Senator]]
| leader_name1 = {{Representative|casd|19|fmt=sleader}}<ref name=swd>{{cite web |url=http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html |title=Statewide Database |publisher=UC Regents |access-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html |archive-date=February 1, 2015 }}</ref>
| leader_title2 = [[California's 37th State Assembly district|CA Assembly]]
| leader_name2 = {{Representative|caad|37|fmt=sleader}}<ref name=swd/>
| leader_title3 = [[California's 24th congressional district|U.S. Congress]]
| leader_name3 = {{Representative|cacd|24|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|24|access-date=September 29, 2014}}</ref>

| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 2.43
| area_total_km2 = 6.28
| area_land_sq_mi = 2.42
| area_land_km2 = 6.28
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00
| area_water_km2 = 0.00
| area_water_percent = 0.05
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1661468|Solvang|access-date=November 18, 2014}}</ref>
| elevation_ft = 505
| elevation_m = 154

| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name=quif>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/solvangcitycalifornia|title=Solvang (city) QuickFacts | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date = December 17, 2021}}</ref>
| population_total = 6126
| pop_est_as_of =
| pop_est_footnotes =
| population_est =
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =

| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
| utc_offset = −08:00
| timezone_DST = PDT
| utc_offset_DST = −07:00

| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code = 93463-93464
| area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| area_code = [[Area code 805|805]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = {{FIPS|06|72576}}
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|1661468}}, {{GNIS 4|2411925}}
| website = {{URL|www.cityofsolvang.com}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
}}

'''Solvang''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɒ|l|v|æ|ŋ}};<ref name="elverhoj">{{cite web |url=http://www.elverhoj.org/history.html |title=The Extraordinary History of Solvang, California |work=Elverhøj Museum of History and Art |access-date=September 6, 2021 }}</ref> [[Danish language|Danish]] for "sunny field") is a city in [[Santa Barbara County, California]], United States. Located in the [[Santa Ynez Valley]], the population was 6,126 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], up from 5,245 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. Solvang was founded in 1911<ref name="elverhoj" /> and incorporated as a city on May 1, 1985.<ref name=Incorporated /><ref name="CityofSolvangWebsite">{{cite web |url=https://www.cityofsolvang.com/ |title=City of Solvang |access-date=September 6, 2021 }}</ref> Solvang has been described as "The Danish Capital of America".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.solvangusa.com/ |title=Official Visitor Guide For Solvang |access-date=September 6, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://santamariatimes.com/lifestyles/columnist/judith-dale-1920s-solvang---becoming-danish-capital-of-america/article_59b80161-04e0-5681-ac23-2871349076e9.html |first=Judith |last=Dale |title=1920s Solvang - Becoming Danish Capital of America |work=Santa Maria Times |date=March 7, 2020 |access-date=September 6, 2021 }}</ref>

In 1804, [[Mission Santa Inés]] was founded by the Spanish under [[Esteban Tápis]]. A small community grew up around the mission called "Santa Inés" during the Mexican period, but it was largely abandoned after the American [[Conquest of California]]. In 1911, a new settlement was founded around the mission by a group of [[Danish American]]s who purchased {{convert|9000|acres}} of the surrounding [[Rancho San Carlos de Jonata]], to establish a Danish community far from Midwestern winters. The community began building Danish-themed architecture in 1947, and has since become a tourist destination.<ref name="Knudsen 2010 p. 93-106">{{cite book |last=Knudsen |first=Britta |title=Re-investing authenticity: tourism, place and emotions |publisher=[[Channel View Publications]] |publication-place=Bristol Buffalo |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84541-129-9 |oclc=647884675 |pages=93–106}}</ref> The community attracts tourists from Nordic countries, and has been the subject of several Danish royal visits including [[Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark|Prince Henrik]] in 2011.<ref name="Bemis">{{Cite news |last=Bemis|first=Dave |date=June 12, 2011 |title=Solvang welcomes Danish royalty |work=Santa Maria Times |url=https://santamariatimes.com/news/local/solvang-welcomes-danish-royalty/article_592fc85c-94b8-11e0-affe-001cc4c002e0.html#:~:text=Prince%20Consort%20Henrik%20and%20Queen,Innovation%20Center%20in%20Palo%20Alto.|access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref> A minority of residents in the 21st century are of Danish origin.<ref name="Bemis"/>

==History==

===Beginnings===
[[File:Mission StInes.jpg|thumb|Mission Santa Inés in Solvang]]

The [[Santa Ynez Valley]], in which Solvang lies, was originally inhabited by the [[Chumash Indians|Chumash]], identified by Father Pedro Font, chaplain of the 1776 [[Anza Expedition]], and were described as an ingenious and industrious people who are good fishermen and hunters, with an excellent astronomical system.<ref name="mission1">[http://www.missionsantaines.org/home.html "Mission History"], ''Old Mission Santa Inés''. Retrieved July 12, 2010.</ref>

As part of the expansion of the mission system established in California by Spanish missionaries, Father Estévan Tapís founded Mission Santa Inés, now located near the center of Solvang, in order to relieve overcrowding at [[Mission Santa Barbara]] and [[Mission La Purísima Concepción]] since it was located midway between the two. It also served as a gateway to the Chumash Indians living east of the Coast Range.<ref name="mission2">[http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/American_Latino_Heritage/Mission_Santa_Ines.html National Park Service], "Mission Santa Inés California". Retrieved September 16, 2014.</ref>

After the [[Mexican War of Independence]], the Mexican Assembly passed the Secularization Laws which confiscated Mission lands, along with other property, and transferred them to the control of local ranchers, with Solvang being later founded on what became known as the [[Rancho San Carlos de Jonata]]. With secularization, Mission Santa Inés began to decline and the Chumash Indian population in the area along with it.<ref name="mission2"/> For a time, the mission was a [[seminary]] but soon began to deteriorate; it was repaired by the Donahue family in 1884 and renovated by Fr. Alexander Buckler in 1904.<ref name="mission1"/>

===Danish settlement===
In 1910, Danish-Americans created the Danish-American Colony Company in San Francisco. Later that year, suitable land was found in the Santa Ynez Valley northwest of Santa Barbara, and in 1911, they acquired almost {{convert|9000|acre|km2}} of the [[Rancho San Carlos de Jonata]] land grant, paying an average of $40 per acre.<ref name="syvguest.com">Pat Murphy,[http://www.syvguest.com/pastIssues/2004/spring/rememberwhen.html "Remember When?"], ''Santa Ynez Valley Guest Magazine'' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716181347/http://www.syvguest.com/pastIssues/2004/spring/rememberwhen.html |date=July 16, 2011 }}, Spring 2004. Retrieved July 13, 2010.</ref>

A hotel was built close to the Mission where new arrivals could be housed, and a school opened in 1911, with 21 students.<ref name="kolding.dk"/><ref name="syvguest.com"/>

===Expansion===
[[File:Tivoli Square Solvang.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Tivoli Square, Solvang]]
[[File:Solvang 8048.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Main Street, Solvang. Alisal Road]]

In 1912, when it became difficult to sell any more plots of land, developers from Solvang travelled to [[Iowa]] and [[Nebraska]] to persuade Danish immigrants to buy land in the town. This attracted new settlers. The early settlement had a store, a bank, a lumber yard, a barbershop and a post office.<ref name="kolding.dk">[http://www.kolding.dk/pdf/20091111120327.pdf Rolf Buschardt Christensen, "Benedict Nordentoft".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718201322/http://www.kolding.dk/pdf/20091111120327.pdf |date=July 18, 2011 }} {{in lang|da}} Retrieved July 12, 2010.</ref>

===Folk high school===
In 1914, Atterdag College opened, named after [[Valdemar IV of Denmark]]. The school taught Danish-speaking students in their late teens a curriculum that emphasized lectures, singing, gymnastics, folk dancing and fellowship. During World War I, enrollment dropped due to reduced Danish immigration, and a rise in nationalism. The school was sold to the Solvang Lutheran church in 1921.<ref name="elverhoj"/><ref name="kolding.dk"/> Atterdag College continued to be used as a folk school, community meeting hall, performing arts venue, gymnastics center, summer school, and boarding house until it was demolished in 1970, and then replace by the Solvang Lutheran Home.<ref>[http://everything2.com/title/Bethania "Bethania"], ''Everything.com''. Retrieved September 16, 2010.</ref>

===Danish church===
[[File:Solvang Bethania Lutheran Church.JPG|thumb|upright|200px|Bethania Lutheran Church]]

The Bethania Evangelical Lutheran Church opened in 1928, designed as a Gothic-styled, 14th century rural Danish church.<ref>[http://www.visitdenmark.com/irland/en-ie/menu/turist/inspiration/detkulturelledanmark/kunst/churces-and-cathedrals.htm#SubHeader3 "Churches and cathedrals"] ''VisitDenmark'' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717215248/http://www.visitdenmark.com/irland/en-ie/menu/turist/inspiration/detkulturelledanmark/kunst/churces-and-cathedrals.htm |date=July 17, 2011 }}. Retrieved August 7, 2010.</ref> Originally, the services were mainly in Danish, but are now in English.<ref>Sally Cappon,[http://www.syvnews.com/articles/2010/08/12/news/valley/news19.txt "Picturesque church honors traditions"], ''Santa Ynez Valley News''. Retrieved September 10, 2010.</ref>

===Danish-styled architecture===
Initially, most of Solvang's buildings were built in the same style as others in the area.<ref name="Dale">{{Cite news|last=Dale|first=Judith|date=March 6, 2020|title=Judith Dale: 1920s Solvang - Becoming Danish Capital of America|work=Santa Ynez Valley News|url=https://syvnews.com/b/judith-dale-1920s-solvang---becoming-danish-capital-of-america/article_7e8ef804-48b7-5cda-966b-36d8ec665f91.html|access-date=December 20, 2020}}</ref> The Lutheran church was the first to be based on Danish architecture and bears a close relationship to Danish equivalents. But after World War II, interest grew in the concept of a "Danish Village". The pioneer of the Danish Provincial style was Ferdinand Sorensen, originally from Nebraska. In the mid-1940s, after returning to Solvang from a trip to Denmark, he first completed Møllebakken, his Danish-styled home, and then went on to build the first of the village's four windmills. A little later, [[Earl Petersen]], a local architect, gave the older buildings a new look, adding façades in so-called "Danish Provincial" style.<ref>Poul Husted,[https://archive.today/20120716004600/http://tgt.dk/guide/nordamerika/usa/californien/article67765.ece?page=1 "Er Solvang Danmark eller Disney?"], ''Turen går til''. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved September 13, 2010.</ref><ref>David and Marlere Macbeth,[http://www.macbethrealestate.com/Solvang/page_2182786.html "Solvang — Danish-Inspired".] Retrieved September 13, 2010.</ref> Buildings in the half-timbered style of Danish rural houses proliferated, creating a new tourist attraction.<ref name="elverhoj"/> While much was done to create an "authentic" Danish atmosphere in the town center, it has been pointed out by Scandinavians that fake thatched roofs and artificial timbering are largely a result of local interests in general rather than those of the Danish immigrants themselves. The older buildings have simply been restyled to look Danish even if there was nothing Danish about them originally.<ref>Irene Berg Sørensen,[http://videnskab.dk/content/dk/kultur/det_rigtige_danmark_skuffer_i_solvang "Det rigtige Danmark skuffer i Solvang"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705184346/http://www.videnskab.dk/content/dk/kultur/det_rigtige_danmark_skuffer_i_solvang |date=July 5, 2009 }}, ''Videnskab.dk'', {{in lang|da}}. Retrieved September 18, 2010.</ref>

===Subsequent development===
During the 1920s, the proportion of non-Danish residents rose substantially and local businesses and churches began providing services in English, in addition to traditional Danish.<ref name="Dale"/> In the 1930s, Solvang became the largest town in the [[Santa Ynez Valley]] and a commercial hub for the local region.<ref name="Dale"/> By the late 1940s, Solvang's growth stagnated as the town's economic activity focused predominately on agriculture, prompting younger residents to leave in search of more diverse job opportunities.<ref name="Dale"/> In 1947, the town was featured in an article in ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'' entitled "Little Denmark", which praised Solvang's quaint rural charms and sparked a tourism boom prompting residents of Los Angeles and San Francisco to take weekend trips to Solvang.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hodgson|first=Mike|date=January 17, 2017|title=Saturday Evening Post article put Solvang on the map 70 years ago|work=Santa Ynez Valley News|url=https://syvnews.com/news/local/saturday-evening-post-article-put-solvang-on-the-map-70-years-ago/article_6834142a-0275-54d6-9eb5-3faefda732c3.html|access-date=December 20, 2020}}</ref> Solvang subsequently developed a tourism industry focused on emphasizing the town's Danish heritage.<ref name="Dale"/> The 2004 film ''[[Sideways]]'' brought attention to the vineyards in the surrounding Santa Ynez Valley and tasting rooms have opened.{{r|ELA 2020-05-13}} Restaurants are also part of the revitalization of Solvang as it becomes a destination for locally sourced fare.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pridgen |first=Andrew |date=September 24, 2022 |title=Could this small tourist town become the next Carmel? |url=https://www.sfgate.com/centralcoast/article/can-solvang-become-next-carmel-17462507.php |access-date=September 24, 2022 |work=SFGate |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Geography==
Solvang is located in the [[Santa Ynez Valley]] some {{convert|46|mi|km}} north-west of [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] and about {{convert|15|mi|km}} north of the Pacific coast. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|2.4|sqmi|km2}}, 99.95% of it land and 0.05% of it water.

===Climate===
Solvang enjoys sunshine throughout the year with clear, warm days and cool nights. Average temperatures vary between {{convert|52|and|72|F|C}} with highs reaching the lower 90s °F (lower 30s °C) and winter lows in the upper 30s °F (below {{convert|5|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. Furthermore, Solvang experiences large [[Diurnal air temperature variation|diurnal temperature variations]], especially in the summer, when daily temperatures vary on average by almost {{convert|40|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. Average annual rainfall for Solvang (recorded between 1964 and 2010) is {{convert|19.31|in|mm}}.<ref>[http://www.countyofsb.org/pwd/water/downloads/hydro/393mdd.pdf. "Official Monthly and Yearly Rainfall Record, Solvang City Water District"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716142913/http://www.countyofsb.org/pwd/water/downloads/hydro/393mdd.pdf. |date=July 16, 2011 }}, ''Santa Barbara County - Flood Control District''. Retrieved October 18, 2010.</ref>

Solvang is {{convert|140|mi|km}} northwest of [[Los Angeles]].<ref>Bernbaum, Brian. "[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-odd-truth-may-27-2003/ Michael Jackson Loves Taco Bell]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160128074144/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-odd-truth-may-27-2003/ Archive]). May 28, 2003. Retrieved on December 31, 2015.</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Solvang, California
| single line = y

| Jan record high F = 88
| Feb record high F = 92
| Mar record high F = 95
| Apr record high F = 105
| May record high F = 104
| Jun record high F = 113
| Jul record high F = 112
| Aug record high F = 112
| Sep record high F = 115
| Oct record high F = 110
| Nov record high F = 100
| Dec record high F = 94
| year record high F = 115

| Jan high F = 65.3
| Feb high F = 66.7
| Mar high F = 68.8
| Apr high F = 72.9
| May high F = 77.5
| Jun high F = 83.8
| Jul high F = 90.6
| Aug high F = 91.0
| Sep high F = 88.1
| Oct high F = 82.1
| Nov high F = 73.2
| Dec high F = 66.3
| year high F = 77.2

| Jan mean F = 52
| Feb mean F = 53.5
| Mar mean F = 55.3
| Apr mean F = 58.2
| May mean F = 62.1
| Jun mean F = 66.6
| Jul mean F = 71.3
| Aug mean F = 71.6
| Sep mean F = 69.8
| Oct mean F = 65.0
| Nov mean F = 58.0
| Dec mean F = 52.5
| year mean F = 61.3

| Jan low F = 38.6
| Feb low F = 40.3
| Mar low F = 41.8
| Apr low F = 43.4
| May low F = 46.8
| Jun low F = 49.3
| Jul low F = 52.1
| Aug low F = 52.2
| Sep low F = 51.4
| Oct low F = 48.0
| Nov low F = 42.8
| Dec low F = 38.6
| year low F = 45.4

| Jan record low F = 20
| Feb record low F = 22
| Mar record low F = 25
| Apr record low F = 27
| May record low F = 31
| Jun record low F = 32
| Jul record low F = 36
| Aug record low F = 34
| Sep record low F = 34
| Oct record low F = 27
| Nov record low F = 25
| Dec record low F = 16
| year record low F = 16

| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 4.4
| Feb precipitation inch = 4.7
| Mar precipitation inch = 3.5
| Apr precipitation inch = 1.5
| May precipitation inch = 0.4
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.0
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.0
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.0
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.2
| Oct precipitation inch = 0.7
| Nov precipitation inch = 1.9
| Dec precipitation inch = 3.1
| year precipitation inch = 20.5

| Jan precipitation days = 7
| Feb precipitation days = 7
| Mar precipitation days = 7
| Apr precipitation days = 4
| May precipitation days = 2
| Jun precipitation days = 0
| Jul precipitation days = 0
| Aug precipitation days = 0
| Sep precipitation days = 1
| Oct precipitation days = 2
| Nov precipitation days = 4
| Dec precipitation days = 6
| year precipitation days = 40
| source = <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=352140&cityname=Solvang-California-United-States-of-America|title= Solvang, California|publisher= Weatherbase|access-date=May 3, 2022 }}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1960= 1325
|1970= 2004
|1980= 3091
|1990= 4741
|2000= 5332
|2010= 5245
|2020= 6126
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0672576|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033236/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0672576|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Solvang city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Solvang had a population of 5,245. The population density was {{convert|2,161.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Solvang was 4,326 (82.5%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 38 (0.7%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 59 (1.1%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 72 (1.4%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 611 (11.6%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 138 (2.6%) from two or more races. There were 1,530 [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] residents, of any race (29.2%).

The Census reported that 5,190 people (99.0% of the population) lived in households, 3 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 52 (1.0%) were institutionalized.

There were 2,173 households, out of which 611 (28.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,081 (49.7%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 183 (8.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 121 (5.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 120 (5.5%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 18 (0.8%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 636 households (29.3%) were made up of individuals, and 303 (13.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39. There were 1,385 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (63.7% of all households); the average family size was 2.97.

There were 1,094 residents (20.9%) under the age of 18, 384 (7.3%) aged 18 to 24, 1,142 (21.8%) 25 to 44, 1,530 (29.2%) 45 to 64, and 1,095 residents (20.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

There were 2,485 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,024.1|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}, of which 1,257 (57.8%) were owner-occupied, and 916 (42.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.9%. 2,872 people (54.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,318 people (44.2%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 5,332 people, 2,185 households, and 1,415 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2,143.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,288 housing units at an average density of {{convert|919.7|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the city was 88.24% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.43% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.66% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.05% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 5.51% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.07% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] residents of any race were 19.86% of the population.

There were 2,185 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, 21.9% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.9% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.

The median [[income]] for a household in the city was $45,799, and the median income for a family was $57,703. Males had a median income of $41,429 versus $30,175 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $25,363. About 2.7% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Economy==

===Top employers===
According to Solvang's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>https://www.cityofsolvang.com/DocumentCenter/View/2751/FY-2019-20-City-of-Solvang-Comprehensive-Annual-Financial-Report-CAFR {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> the top employers in the city were:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Employer
! # of employees
|-
| 1
| [[Rancho Nojoqui|The Alisal Guest Ranch & Resort]]
|331
|-
|2
| Atterdag Village (formerly Solvang Lutheran Home)
|174
|-
|3
| New Frontiers Market
|103
|-
|4
| [[Santa Ynez Valley Cottage Hospital]]
|93
|-
|5
| Solvang Unified School District
|64
|-
|6
| Valley Fresh Market
|62
|-
|7
| Landsby Hotel
|58
|-
|8
| Hotel Corque
|35
|-
|9
| Nielsen Building Materials
|27
|}

==Arts and culture==
===Tourism===
Solvang is a tourist attraction with over one million visitors per year.<ref>[http://www.solvangusa.com/about-solvang/ "About Solvang"], ''Solvang and the Santa Ynez Valley''. Retrieved September 18, 2010.</ref> Tourists were initially attracted to Solvang by the visit of Denmark's [[Frederik IX of Denmark|Prince Frederik]] in 1939.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} But it was in 1947, following a feature article in ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'', that they began to flock to the town. Sights include the Danish windmills, the statues of Hans Christian Andersen and ''The Little Mermaid'' replica, the half-timbered houses, the Danish rural church, the [[Rundetårn|Round Tower]] as well as Danish music and folk dancing. Several restaurants and pastry shops serve Danish specialities.<ref name="elverhoj"/> A replica of a 19th-century Danish streetcar, the horse-drawn ''Hønen'' ("the hen"), takes visitors on sightseeing tours around downtown Solvang.<ref>{{cite web|title=Solvang Trolley - Horse Trolley|url=https://www.solvangtrolley.com/horse-trolley|access-date=December 6, 2017}}</ref> Partly as a result of the 2004 film ''[[Sideways]]'', which was set in the surrounding Santa Ynez Valley,<ref>Allyssa Lee,[http://insidemovies.moviefone.com/2010/05/14/famous-movie-locations-sideways-santa-ynez-valley-ca/ "Famous Movie Locations:''My Moms Houseee'', The 'Sideways' Tour (Santa Ynez Valley, CA)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915060923/http://insidemovies.moviefone.com/2010/05/14/famous-movie-locations-sideways-santa-ynez-valley-ca/ |date=September 15, 2010 }}, ''Inside Movies''. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</ref> the number of wine-related businesses in Solvang has increased, attracting [[Oenophilia|oenophiles]] to the downtown area.<ref name="ELA 2020-05-13">{{Cite news|title=Could California's Central Coast Lead the Way For the Future of Local Food Tourism?|url=https://la.eater.com/2020/5/13/21243163/california-wine-central-coast-santa-barbara|last=Elliott|first=Farley|date=May 13, 2020|work=Eater LA|language=en|access-date=May 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>[http://www.intownlive.com/california/solvang/wine.aspx "Solvang Wine"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312060511/http://www.intownlive.com/california/solvang/wine.aspx |date=March 12, 2010 }} ''In Town Live''. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</ref>

===Museums===
*The Elverhøj Museum, housed in the former residence of artist Viggo Brandt-Erichsen, is devoted to preserving the Danish heritage of Solvang with its Danish-American pioneer spirit. The building which was completed in 1950 is inspired by the 18th-century farmhouses of northern [[Jutland]]. After extensive renovation, the museum opened to the public in May 1988.<ref>[http://www.elverhoj.org/about.html "About the Elverhøj Museum of History and Art".] Retrieved September 16, 2010.</ref> The cottage in the garden houses a [[diorama]] of scale models depicting Solvang in the 1920s.<ref>Sherrie Petersen,[http://www.orato.com/travel/museums-the-santa-ynez-valley "Museums in the Santa Ynez Valley"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718062252/http://www.orato.com/travel/museums-the-santa-ynez-valley |date=July 18, 2011 }} ''Orato'', June 9, 2009. Retrieved September 17, 2010.</ref> From January to April 2011, the museum was hosting an exhibition entitled "Spirit of Solvang" consisting of a series of old black-and-white photographs of the village enhanced by local resident Paul Roark.<ref>[http://www.elverhoj.org/exhibits.html "Spirit of Solvang" Exhibit 9 January – 10 April"], ''Elverhøj Museum of Art and History''. Retrieved January 8, 2011.</ref>
*The [[Hans Christian Andersen]] Museum, located above The Book Loft, is devoted to presenting the author's life and works. Displays include models of Andersen's [[Hans Christian Andersen#Childhood|childhood home]] and of "[[The Princess and the Pea]]". The museum also contains hundreds of volumes of Andersen's works, including many illustrated first editions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solvangca.com/museum/h1.htm|title=The Hans Christian Andersen Museum|website=SolvangCA.com|access-date=September 16, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129150511/http://solvangca.com/museum/h1.htm|archive-date=November 29, 2010}}</ref>
*The [[Solvang Vintage Motorcycle Museum|Vintage Motorcycle Museum]] displays machines from the private collection of Virgil Elings, a veteran motocross and road racer. While there is an emphasis on vintage racing bikes, the collection is quite broad and ranges from 1910 to the present.<ref>[http://www.motosolvang.com/ "Solvang Vintage Motorcycle Museum".] Retrieved September 16, 2010.</ref>

===Danish Days===
[[File:Solvang Danish costumes.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Imitation Danish costumes on sale in Solvang]]

Since 1936, Solvang has celebrated Danish folk traditions at its annual "Danish Days" event.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schlepp |first=Travis |date=September 7, 2023 |title=California town prepares for annual celebration of all things Denmark |url=https://ktla.com/news/california/california-town-prepares-for-annual-celebration-of-all-things-denmark/ |access-date=September 10, 2023 |website=KTLA |language=en-US}}</ref> Led by a "Danish Maid", the program consists of ''[[æbleskiver]]'' eating competitions, music, dancing, and processions through the downtown area with floats, marching groups, marching bands, folk dancers and singers. A Danish Days breakfast on Sunday morning features ''[[medisterpølse]]r'', a spiced pork sausage recipe of Danish origins, and ''[[æbleskiver]]''.<ref>[http://www.syvnews.com/articles/2010/09/14/news/news02.txt "Danish Days filled with fun and history"], ''Santa Ynez Valley News''. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</ref>

===Festival Theater===

The 700-seat open-air Festival Theater was built in 1974 following the success of a makeshift performance of ''[[Hamlet]]'' in 1971 in the town park. Strong support from the local business community, Donovan Marley (director of the Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts), and Earl Petersen (a local architect), allowed the structure to be completed in record time.<ref>Sherrie Petersen,[http://www.insidesantaynezvalley.com/featureOne.html "Theater Under the Stars"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713040554/http://www.insidesantaynezvalley.com/featureOne.html |date=July 13, 2011 }}, ''Santa Ynez Valley Guest''. Retrieved September 10, 2010.</ref> Recent productions have included ''[[West Side Story]]'' and ''[[Les Misérables (musical)|Les Misérables]]''. The style of the exterior is reminiscent of both Danish and Elizabethan architecture.<ref>[http://solvangtheaterfest.org/aboutus.html "A Theater"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724195737/http://www.solvangtheaterfest.org/aboutus.html |date=July 24, 2010 }}, ''Solvang Theaterfest''. Retrieved September 10, 2010.</ref>

===Royal visits===

On April 7, 1939, Danish [[Frederik IX of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederik]] and [[Ingrid of Sweden|Princess Ingrid]] visited Solvang; at the time, a large number of the town's 400 residents were Danish immigrants. They drove through the grounds of Atterdag College and attended a Good Friday service at Bethania Church. The crown prince spoke of their reception favorably: "To find out traditions in our fatherland in new surroundings makes them only more beloved to us. We have been bathed in sunlight ever since we began this memorable day and now we have driven into a bit of Denmark tucked into this beautiful California."{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

On June 5, 1960, [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Princess Margrethe of Denmark]] paid a visit which included a reception at Palacio del Rio, lunch at Bethania Church and a tour of downtown Solvang. She returned on May 23, 1976, as Queen of Denmark together with her husband, [[Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark|Prince Henrik]]. After a formal luncheon in the Parish Hall, the couple visited Bethania Church and the Solvang Lutheran Home before greeting residents on Copenhagen Drive. Shortly after her visit, the queen awarded Solvang developer Ferdinand Sorensen the [[Order of the Dannebrog]] for strengthening ties between the United States and Denmark.<ref>[http://www.elverhoj.org/history.html "History of Solvang"] ''Elverhøj Museum'' Retrieved September 12, 2010. Additional details from panels in Elverhøj Museum in September 2010.</ref><ref>William P. Jones,[http://www.dkmuseum.org/fhgc/documents/Danish-American_medals1.pdf "North American Medal Recipient Index (Being a nominal roll of known Americans and Canadians bestowed the Order of Dannebrog and other royal Scandinavian medals)".] Retrieved September 17, 2010.</ref>

During Solvang's centennial celebrations in 2011, the city was visited by [[Friis Arne Petersen]], the Danish ambassador to the United States, and by [[Prince Henrik of Denmark]].<ref>[http://www.newspress.com/"Danish ambassador makes stop in Solvang", ''Santa Barbara News Press''], July 12, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://solvang100.com/events.htm "Solvang Centennial 2011 Calendar"], ''Solvang Centennial''. Retrieved May 26, 2011.</ref>

==Parks and recreation==
===Bicycling===

Solvang is a popular destination for bicyclists, and has been featured as a race location on the [[Tour of California]]. The surrounding countryside and variable terrain provide a variety of conditions useful for training. Two annual amateur bicycling events are held in Solvang: the Solvang Century (held in March) and the Solvang Prelude (held in November).<ref>[http://www.solvangusa.com/includes/docs/~prSolvangCyclingMecca7-23-08%20_2_.pdf "Solvang: A World-Class Cycling Mecca"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104158/http://www.solvangusa.com/includes/docs/~prSolvangCyclingMecca7-23-08%20_2_.pdf |date=July 16, 2011 }} ''Solvang Conference and Visitors Bureau''. Retrieved September 21, 2010.</ref>

The [[Tour of California]] cycle race has had [[time trial]] stages in Solvang on four occasions; [[2007 Tour of California|2007]], [[2008 Tour of California|2008]], [[2009 Tour of California|2009]] and [[2011 Tour of California|2011]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tourofcalifornia-solvang.com/ |title=Tour of California Solvang |access-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322110012/http://www.tourofcalifornia-solvang.com/ |archive-date=March 22, 2019 }}</ref>

==Media==
===Filming location===
*Solvang was one of the two locations featured in the [[William Castle]] film, ''[[Homicidal]]'' (1961). The location used for the drugstore and flowershop still stands today and remains relatively unchanged.
*Parts of the horror film ''[[The Unseen (1980 film)|The Unseen]]'' (1980) were filmed in Solvang along or near Mission Drive, with particular use made of the Bit O' Denmark Restaurant and the Solvang Gardens Lodge, which was known as the Solvang Gaard Lodge at the time of filming.
*Much of the Oscar-winning film ''[[Sideways]]'' (2004) was filmed in Solvang and in nearby [[Buellton]].<ref>
Finn-Olaf Jones,[http://travel.nytimes.com/2006/06/04/travel/04journeys.html "The Danish Soul of That Town in 'Sideways'"], ''The New York Times'', June 4, 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</ref>
*Much of the [[Netflix]] film ''[[Paddleton]]'' (2019) takes place in Solvang.
*The Lifetime film ''A Very Charming Christmas Town'' (2020) takes place almost entirely in Solvang.

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[California State Route 246|State Route 246]] runs through Solvang as [[Mission Drive (Santa Barbara County)|Mission Drive]], connecting [[Buellton, California|Buellton]] and [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] to the west, and [[Santa Ynez, California|Santa Ynez]] and [[California State Route 154|Highway 154]] to the east.

Although most of Solvang's visitors arrive by car, there are three bus connections per day for those arriving at [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] by rail.<ref>[http://www.amtrakcalifornia.com/index.cfm/destinations/solvang/ "Solvang"], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224719/http://www.amtrakcalifornia.com/index.cfm/destinations/solvang/ |date=December 2, 2013 }} ''Amtrak California.'' Retrieved September 21, 2010.</ref> The [[Santa Ynez Valley Transit]] bus service connects Buellton, Solvang, Santa Ynez, and Los Olivos. The [[Clean Air Express]] now connects Solvang and Buellton to Goleta and Santa Barbara.<ref>[http://cleanairexpress.com/default.htm "Clean Air Express"]. Retrieved September 9, 2011.</ref>

The nearby [[Santa Ynez Airport]] caters to [[general aviation]].<ref>[http://santaynezairport.com/ "Santa Ynez Airport"]. Retrieved September 21, 2010.</ref>

===Public safety===
The [[Santa Barbara County Sheriff's Office]] has a sub station in Solvang, while the Solvang Volunteer Fire Department was disbanded in April 2007 and replaced with a contract from the [[Santa Barbara County Fire Department]].

==In popular culture==
===Literature===
*In the [[Dean Koontz]] novel ''[[Watchers (novel)|Watchers]]'' (1987), the main characters Travis and Nora go on a date in the town's Danish Village.
* The narrator of ''Sluk'', a novel by Danish-Norwegian writer [[Lars Saabye Christensen]], spends time in Solvang.

===Television===

*In "Rumspringa" season 6, ep 17 of ''[[New Girl]]'', Jessica, Nick and Schmidt go to Solvang and experience the local delights.
* [https://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2002/06/20/solvang-road-trip-113/ Full video: Solvang is the featured city in the hour-long 2002 Episode #113 of Road Trip With Huell Howser].''
*In ''[[American Dad!]]'' Vol. 4 Ep. 2, Roger refers to buying chocolate in Solvang.
*The town of Solvang was featured on Bravo's hit television show, ''[[Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List]]'', on its third season.
*Part of the plot of [[List of A.N.T. Farm episodes|a season 1 episode]] of the [[Disney Channel]] [[List of Disney Channel series#Disney Channel original series|original series]] ''[[A.N.T. Farm]]'', [[List of A.N.T. Farm episodes#ep18|"America Needs TalANT"]], features the main characters becoming stranded in Solvang; its original airdate was November 25, 2011.
*In ''[[Pinky and the Brain]]'' episode "Hoop Schemes", Brain forms a basketball team that has a practice session in Solvang.
*In season 3 episode "Christmas Joy" of the TV show ''[[Psych]]'' Solvang's Danish Village is featured as the scene of the crime, portrayed as Solvang Santa's Village.
*An episode of the [[Travel Channel]] show ''[[Stranded with Cash Peters]]'' featured Solvang.
* Solvang was mentioned in Season 2, Episode 4 of ''[[The Blacklist]]''. When sarcastically asked by FBI agent Elizabeth Keen if he has spirited a witness away to "Saint Kitts or Solvang", [[James Spader]]'s character Raymond Reddington responds, "Solvang? I never send anyone I care about to Solvang."
*In season 5 episode "Happy Birthday, Anastasia", ''[[The Girls Next Door]]'' and their guests take a road trip which includes a visit to Solvang; its original airdate was January 4, 2009.
*In ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Little Orphan Millie]]", it was revealed that [[Milhouse Van Houten|Milhouse]] has an uncle from Solvang named Norbert "Zack" Van Houten. Bart has a telephone conversation with a switchboard operator in Solvang, and a wooden "Solvang Air" airliner, whose fuselage resembles buildings in the town, is shown landing at Springfield Airport. Uncle Zack's overwhelming pride in his Danish heritage also reflects Solvang's history from its founding by Danish citizens.
*In ''[[The Rockford Files]]'' episode "The Queen of Peru" (season 4, episode 12), Rockford pursues a family in an RV on their way to Solvang.
*In ''[[Modern Family]]'' episode "Do it yourself" (season 8, episode 13), Jay tells Phil that he once took his dog Stella to a "farm-to-table" dog-bakery in Solvang.
*In the ''[[Star Trek: Lower Decks]]'' [[Star Trek: Lower Decks (season 1)|season 1 episode]], "No Small Parts", a ''California''-class ship named U.S.S. ''Solvang'' is present.
*Solvang is the setting of the 2020 [[Lifetime (TV network)|Lifetime]] movie ''A Very Charming Christmas Town,'' with the film shot entirely in the actual town.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

==Notable people==
*[[Greta Andersen]], Danish-American swimmer, lived in Solvang from 2017 to her death in 2023.
*[[Kenny Baker (American performer)|Kenny Baker]], singer and actor, resided and died in Solvang.
*[[Al Gionfriddo]], outfielder and hero for the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] in the [[1947 World Series]], resided and died in Solvang.
*[[Patricia Hitchcock]], actress and only child of film director [[Alfred Hitchcock]], resided in Solvang.
*Ska-punk band [[Mad Caddies]] calls Solvang its home.
*Beach volleyball Olympic gold medalist [[Todd Rogers]] lives in Solvang with his family.
*Professional cyclist [[Alison Tetrick]] was born in Solvang.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legacy.usacycling.org/news/user/story.php?id=6198|title=Alison Tetrick - USA Cycling|website=legacy.usacycling.org|access-date=April 16, 2019}}</ref>
*[[Stephanie Zimbalist]] lives part-time in the valley where she has a house inherited from her late father [[Efrem Zimbalist Jr.]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Norbom|first1=Mary Ann|title=Stephanie Zimbalist to narrate Solvang Nativity Pageant|url=http://syvnews.com/lifestyles/faith-and-values/stephanie-zimbalist-to-narrate-solvang-nativity-pageant/article_975684d0-3b1f-56dc-9acc-125935d94ba8.html|access-date=December 4, 2017|work=Santa Ynez Valley News|date=December 6, 2016}}</ref>
*Serial killer [[Thor Nis Christiansen]] lived in Solvang from age 5 until his late teens.

==Sister city==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the United States}}
*{{Flag|Denmark}}, [[Aalborg]], since 1971.<ref name="Aalborg twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.europeprize.net/en/?page_id=5|title=Aalborg Twin Towns|work=Europeprize.net|access-date=August 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907145357/http://www.europeprize.net/en/?page_id=5|archive-date=September 7, 2013}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Benedict Nordentoft]], the co-founder of Solvang
*[[Danish Americans]]
*[[Kingsburg, California|Kingsburg]], a "Swedish village" in Fresno County, California
* [[Helen, Georgia]]
*[[Leavenworth, Washington]], a Bavarian theme town developed with assistance from Solvang.<ref>[http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm/printer_friendly/_content/study_aids//index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9475 "Leavenworth — Thumbnail History"], HistoryLink.org. Retrieved September 9, 2010.</ref>
* [[Frankenmuth, Michigan]]
* [[Little Portugal, San Jose]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* ''Bethania Evangelical Lutheran Church, Our First 75 Years 1912–1987'', Solvang, 1987.
* William Etling, ''Sideways in Neverland: Life in the Santa Ynez Valley, California'', iUniverse, Inc., 2005, 328 pages. {{ISBN|978-0-595-36190-8}}
* Joanne Rife, ''Solvang. Denmark in the USA'', The Book Loft, Solvang, 1975.

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Solvang}}
*[https://www.cityofsolvang.com/ Official website]
*[https://solvangusa.com/ Solvang Conference & Visitors Bureau]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150511122457/http://solvangca.com/ Solvang, CA]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150203085031/http://www.maintour.com/socal/solvang.htm Activities to do in Solvang]

{{Geographic Location
| Centre = Solvang
| North =
| Northeast =[[Ballard, California|Ballard]]
| East =[[Santa Ynez, California|Santa Ynez]]
| Southeast =
| South =
| Southwest =
| West =
| Northwest =[[Buellton, California|Buellton]]
}}
{{Santa Barbara County, California}}
{{Santa Ynez River}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Solvang, California| ]]
[[Category:1911 establishments in California]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Cities in Santa Barbara County, California]]
[[Category:Danish-American culture in California]]
[[Category:Danish emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Danish-American culture]]
[[Category:Danish-American history]]
[[Category:History of Santa Barbara County, California]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1911]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1985]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Santa Barbara County, California]]

Sierra City, California

2024-10-21T11:50:44Z

Hike395: /* Geography */ use 1981-2000 normals

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Sierra City
|official_name =
|settlement_type = [[census-designated place]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline = Sierra City, California, October 11, 2009 Main St.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|pushpin_map = USA California#USA
|pushpin_label_position = 
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of California
|pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map =
|map_caption = Location within Sierra county


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Sierra County, California|Sierra]]

|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =  [none]
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =


|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref =US
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |title=U.S. Census Bureau gazeteer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 25, 2012}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 2.151
| area_land_sq_mi = 2.151
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.000
| area_total_km2 = 5.571
| area_land_km2 = 5.570
| area_water_km2 = 0.001
| area_water_percent = 0.01
| area_note =


|population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2020|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Sierra City, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Sierra%20City%20CDP,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref>
|population_total = 235
|population_density_km2 = auto


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|2583139}}</ref>
|elevation_ft = 4147
|coordinates = {{coord|39|34|24|N|120|38|13|W|type:city_region:US-CA_source:GNIS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}


|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s 96125
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info =
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 2583139
|website =
|footnotes = {{gnis|2583139}}
}}
[[File:Philo Haven.jpg|thumb|upright=.7|Philo Haven]]
'''Sierra City''' (''Sierra'', [[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "mountain range") is a [[census-designated place]] in [[Sierra County, California|Sierra County]], [[California]], United States.<ref name=gnis/> The elevation of Sierra City is {{convert|4147|ft|m}},<ref name=gnis/> and the town is situated in the canyon of the North Yuba River on [[California State Route 49]], twelve miles northeast of the county seat of Sierra County, [[Downieville, California|Downieville]]. The population was 221 at the 2010 census.

==History==

Before the [[California Gold Rush]], only Native Americans had ventured into the area, which lies northwest of Lake Tahoe on the western slope of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]], and which lay between areas inhabited by [[Maidu]], [[Nisenan]], and [[Washoe people|Washo]] peoples (Pre-Contact Tribal Map). The area is now part of the [[Tahoe National Forest]].

A settlement was established in 1850 by Philo A. Haven and Joseph Zumwalt, who were also involved with the settling of Downieville (Sinnott). In the winter of 1852–1853, however, an avalanche of snow destroyed the settlement, which was not rebuilt for several years. Ferdinand, Gustav, and Christian Reis purchased several mining claims near the [[Sierra Buttes]] and began to resettle Sierra City, which had a peak population of 3,000 during the decade after gold was discovered in California (1849).

Numerous hard-rock gold mines were developed on both sides of the [[North Yuba River]] Canyon near Sierra City. These include the Colombo Mine, the Independence Mine, the Keystone Mine, the Monumental Mine, the Great Sierra Buttes Mine, and the William Tell Mine. The Monumental Nugget, weighing over 106 pounds [[avoirdupois]], was recovered in September 1869.<ref name="Gilbert">{{cite book|last1=Gilbert|first1=Frank|last2=Wells|first2=Harry|title=Illustrated History of Plumas, Lassen & Sierra Counties, with California from 1513 to 1850|date=1882|publisher=Fariss & Smith|location=San Francisco|pages=413–498}}</ref>

[[Placer mining]] was also practiced and continues today on the banks of the North Yuba. On February 10, 1963, Alec M. Ostrom of Sierra City discovered a nugget weighing 8 troy ounces while placer mining (Sinnott.)

==Historic buildings==

Historic buildings that remain in Sierra City, all on the town's main street, which is Highway 49, include the two-story brick Busch Building, which the [[Wells Fargo]] Company occupied in the 19th century, the Masonic Lodge #164, and the Old Sierra City Hotel, built in 1886 by John G. Rose, which was known as the Capitol Hotel and housed local miners and offered meals and lodging for 25 cents each. The former school, built as a [[one-room schoolhouse]] in 1883, was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Sierra County, California|National Register of Historic Places]] in January 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/weekly-list-2024-01-12.htm |title=Weekly List 2024 01 12 |publisher=National Register of Historic Places, U.S. National Park Service |access-date=August 1, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/pages/1067/files/CA_Sierra_Sierra%20City%20School_DRAFT.pdf |title=Sierra City School NR Draft |publisher=California State Department of Parks and Recreation |year=2023 |access-date=August 1, 2024}}</ref> The Bigelow House, a Victorian structure, is situated near the town's southwestern limits. The town hall, a log structure, was built after World War II, and a new post office, dedicated in 1969, features stone work in which antique mining implements, including an ore-car, are embedded. The cemetery contains gravestones dating back to the 1860s.

==Cultural attractions==

The town-limit signs list Sierra City's population as 225. The main industry is tourism. None of the nearby hard-rock mines are in operation, but the Kentucky mine just outside the town limits now houses a mining museum. In the summer months, fishing in the North Yuba and its tributaries and in nearby alpine lakes is popular, as is mountain-biking, placer-mining, and hiking. A cluster of sheer rock peaks, known as the [[Sierra Buttes]], {{convert|7,818 |feet||adj=mid| high}}, is 1.6 miles (2.6 km) from Sierra City and towers over the town. Many trails cross the area, and the [[Pacific Crest Trail]] crosses the flanks of the Sierra Buttes some 2,000 feet (610 m) above the town. Wild Plum Campground is a little more than a mile away on Haypress Creek.

The nearest public school is 12 miles (19 km) away in Downieville.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP covers an area of 2.2 square miles (5.6 km{{sup|2}}), 99.99% of it land and 0.01% of it water.

Sierra City has a [[Mediterranean climate|mediterranean continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Koppen]]: ''Dsb''). Summers are hot and dry, while winters are mild, wet and very snowy, with annual snowfall averaging 107 inches (272 cm).<ref>{{Cite web|title=SIERRA CITY, CALIFORNIA - Climate Summary|url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca8207|website=wrcc.dri.edu|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref>

<div style="width:100%">{{Weather box
|location = Sierra City, California
|single line = Y

|Jan high F = 45.9
|Feb high F = 47.4
|Mar high F = 52.3
|Apr high F = 57.9
|May high F = 66.5
|Jun high F = 75.7
|Jul high F = 84.0
|Aug high F = 84.1
|Sep high F = 77.9
|Oct high F = 66.9
|Nov high F = 53.1
|Dec high F = 45.0

| Jan mean F = 37.9
| Feb mean F = 39.0
| Mar mean F = 43.1
| Apr mean F = 46.8
| May mean F = 54.6
| Jun mean F = 62.2
| Jul mean F = 69.2
| Aug mean F = 69.0
| Sep mean F = 63.8
| Oct mean F = 54.6
| Nov mean F = 43.5
| Dec mean F = 37.8

|Jan low F = 29.9
|Feb low F = 30.6
|Mar low F = 33.8
|Apr low F = 35.8
|May low F = 42.7
|Jun low F = 48.7
|Jul low F = 54.5
|Aug low F = 54.0
|Sep low F = 49.7
|Oct low F = 42.3
|Nov low F = 33.9
|Dec low F = 30.5

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 10.67
|Feb precipitation inch = 13.12
|Mar precipitation inch = 9.43
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.55
|May precipitation inch = 3.19
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.92
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.17
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.32
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.26
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.95
|Nov precipitation inch = 9.01
|Dec precipitation inch = 11.79

|Jan snow inch = 29.2
|Feb snow inch = 22.4
|Mar snow inch = 22.0
|Apr snow inch = 7.1
|May snow inch = 1.3
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.6
|Nov snow inch = 6.7
|Dec snow inch = 17.3

|source 1 = WRCC,<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca8207
| title = Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary
| publisher= [[Western Regional Climate Center]]
| accessdate=2013-11-30|date=February 1, 1910 – May 31, 2000
}}</ref> (1981-2000 normals, snowfall 1910-2000)
}}</div>

==Demographics==
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0671778|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033202/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0671778|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Sierra City CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Sierra City had a population of 221. The population density was {{convert|102.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Sierra City was 200 (90.5%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0 (0.0%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2 (0.9%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 3 (1.4%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 12 (5.4%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4 (1.8%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 21 persons (9.5%).

The Census reported that 221 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 113 households, out of which 14 (12.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 54 (47.8%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 8 (7.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 7 (6.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 12 (10.6%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 0 (0%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 34 households (30.1%) were made up of individuals, and 15 (13.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.96. There were 69 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (61.1% of all households); the average family size was 2.35.

The population was spread out, with 16 people (7.2%) under the age of 18, 14 people (6.3%) aged 18 to 24, 30 people (13.6%) aged 25 to 44, 104 people (47.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 57 people (25.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.0 males.

There were 280 housing units at an average density of {{convert|130.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 87 (77.0%) were owner-occupied, and 26 (23.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 21.2%. 170 people (76.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 51 people (23.1%) lived in rental housing units.

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Sierra City is in {{Representative|casd|1|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |accessdate=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|1|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |accessdate=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Sierra City is in {{Representative|cacd|1|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|1|accessdate=March 3, 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* California-Indian Pre-Contact Tribal Areas Map, [http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/ca/calprecontact.gif]
* Kelly, Leslie A. ''Traveling California's Gold Rush Country.'' Falcon, 1997.
* Sinnott, James J. ''History of Sierra City and History of Goodyear's Bar'' [one volume], 1978.
* Sinnott, James J. ''History of Sierra County'', 1977.

==External links==
{{commons category|Sierra City, California}}
{{wikivoyage|Sierra City}}
* [http://www.sierracity.com Sierra City website]

* [http://www.malakoff.com/sierract.htm Malakoff.com: Sierra City]
* [http://www.mountainzone.com/mountains/detail.asp?fid=818845 Mountainzone.com]
* [http://www.sierracountyhistory.org/kentucky-mine-historic-park-and-museum Kentucky Mine Historic Park and Museum]

{{Sierra County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Sierra County, California]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Sierra Nevada (United States)]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]

Sierra City, California

2024-10-21T11:43:21Z

Hike395: /* Geography */ rv climate data to 25 April 2024, to remove unsourced edits

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Sierra City
|official_name =
|settlement_type = [[census-designated place]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline = Sierra City, California, October 11, 2009 Main St.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|pushpin_map = USA California#USA
|pushpin_label_position = 
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of California
|pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map =
|map_caption = Location within Sierra county


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Sierra County, California|Sierra]]

|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =  [none]
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =


|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref =US
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |title=U.S. Census Bureau gazeteer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 25, 2012}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 2.151
| area_land_sq_mi = 2.151
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.000
| area_total_km2 = 5.571
| area_land_km2 = 5.570
| area_water_km2 = 0.001
| area_water_percent = 0.01
| area_note =


|population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2020|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Sierra City, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Sierra%20City%20CDP,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref>
|population_total = 235
|population_density_km2 = auto


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|2583139}}</ref>
|elevation_ft = 4147
|coordinates = {{coord|39|34|24|N|120|38|13|W|type:city_region:US-CA_source:GNIS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}


|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s 96125
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info =
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 2583139
|website =
|footnotes = {{gnis|2583139}}
}}
[[File:Philo Haven.jpg|thumb|upright=.7|Philo Haven]]
'''Sierra City''' (''Sierra'', [[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "mountain range") is a [[census-designated place]] in [[Sierra County, California|Sierra County]], [[California]], United States.<ref name=gnis/> The elevation of Sierra City is {{convert|4147|ft|m}},<ref name=gnis/> and the town is situated in the canyon of the North Yuba River on [[California State Route 49]], twelve miles northeast of the county seat of Sierra County, [[Downieville, California|Downieville]]. The population was 221 at the 2010 census.

==History==

Before the [[California Gold Rush]], only Native Americans had ventured into the area, which lies northwest of Lake Tahoe on the western slope of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]], and which lay between areas inhabited by [[Maidu]], [[Nisenan]], and [[Washoe people|Washo]] peoples (Pre-Contact Tribal Map). The area is now part of the [[Tahoe National Forest]].

A settlement was established in 1850 by Philo A. Haven and Joseph Zumwalt, who were also involved with the settling of Downieville (Sinnott). In the winter of 1852–1853, however, an avalanche of snow destroyed the settlement, which was not rebuilt for several years. Ferdinand, Gustav, and Christian Reis purchased several mining claims near the [[Sierra Buttes]] and began to resettle Sierra City, which had a peak population of 3,000 during the decade after gold was discovered in California (1849).

Numerous hard-rock gold mines were developed on both sides of the [[North Yuba River]] Canyon near Sierra City. These include the Colombo Mine, the Independence Mine, the Keystone Mine, the Monumental Mine, the Great Sierra Buttes Mine, and the William Tell Mine. The Monumental Nugget, weighing over 106 pounds [[avoirdupois]], was recovered in September 1869.<ref name="Gilbert">{{cite book|last1=Gilbert|first1=Frank|last2=Wells|first2=Harry|title=Illustrated History of Plumas, Lassen & Sierra Counties, with California from 1513 to 1850|date=1882|publisher=Fariss & Smith|location=San Francisco|pages=413–498}}</ref>

[[Placer mining]] was also practiced and continues today on the banks of the North Yuba. On February 10, 1963, Alec M. Ostrom of Sierra City discovered a nugget weighing 8 troy ounces while placer mining (Sinnott.)

==Historic buildings==

Historic buildings that remain in Sierra City, all on the town's main street, which is Highway 49, include the two-story brick Busch Building, which the [[Wells Fargo]] Company occupied in the 19th century, the Masonic Lodge #164, and the Old Sierra City Hotel, built in 1886 by John G. Rose, which was known as the Capitol Hotel and housed local miners and offered meals and lodging for 25 cents each. The former school, built as a [[one-room schoolhouse]] in 1883, was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Sierra County, California|National Register of Historic Places]] in January 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/weekly-list-2024-01-12.htm |title=Weekly List 2024 01 12 |publisher=National Register of Historic Places, U.S. National Park Service |access-date=August 1, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/pages/1067/files/CA_Sierra_Sierra%20City%20School_DRAFT.pdf |title=Sierra City School NR Draft |publisher=California State Department of Parks and Recreation |year=2023 |access-date=August 1, 2024}}</ref> The Bigelow House, a Victorian structure, is situated near the town's southwestern limits. The town hall, a log structure, was built after World War II, and a new post office, dedicated in 1969, features stone work in which antique mining implements, including an ore-car, are embedded. The cemetery contains gravestones dating back to the 1860s.

==Cultural attractions==

The town-limit signs list Sierra City's population as 225. The main industry is tourism. None of the nearby hard-rock mines are in operation, but the Kentucky mine just outside the town limits now houses a mining museum. In the summer months, fishing in the North Yuba and its tributaries and in nearby alpine lakes is popular, as is mountain-biking, placer-mining, and hiking. A cluster of sheer rock peaks, known as the [[Sierra Buttes]], {{convert|7,818 |feet||adj=mid| high}}, is 1.6 miles (2.6 km) from Sierra City and towers over the town. Many trails cross the area, and the [[Pacific Crest Trail]] crosses the flanks of the Sierra Buttes some 2,000 feet (610 m) above the town. Wild Plum Campground is a little more than a mile away on Haypress Creek.

The nearest public school is 12 miles (19 km) away in Downieville.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP covers an area of 2.2 square miles (5.6 km{{sup|2}}), 99.99% of it land and 0.01% of it water.

Sierra City has a [[Mediterranean climate|mediterranean continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Koppen]]: ''Dsb''). Summers are hot and dry, while winters are mild, wet and very snowy, with annual snowfall averaging 107 inches (272 cm).<ref>{{Cite web|title=SIERRA CITY, CALIFORNIA - Climate Summary|url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca8207|website=wrcc.dri.edu|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref>

<div style="width:100%">{{Weather box
|location = Sierra City, California
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 46.8
|Feb high F = 50.1
|Mar high F = 53.8
|Apr high F = 61.0
|May high F = 69.4
|Jun high F = 78.3
|Jul high F = 86.6
|Aug high F = 85.6
|Sep high F = 79.9
|Oct high F = 69.2
|Nov high F = 54.9
|Dec high F = 47.5
|year high F = 65.3
|Jan low F = 28.0
|Feb low F = 29.0
|Mar low F = 31.0
|Apr low F = 34.8
|May low F = 40.5
|Jun low F = 47.3
|Jul low F = 52.6
|Aug low F = 51.3
|Sep low F = 47.3
|Oct low F = 40.6
|Nov low F = 33.4
|Dec low F = 28.9
|year low F = 38.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 11.81
|Feb precipitation inch = 10.12
|Mar precipitation inch = 8.93
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.20
|May precipitation inch = 2.72
|Jun precipitation inch = 1.03
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.29
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.61
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.35
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.55
|Nov precipitation inch = 8.55
|Dec precipitation inch = 9.51
|year precipitation inch= 62.68
|Jan snow inch = 29.2
|Feb snow inch = 22.4
|Mar snow inch = 22.0
|Apr snow inch = 7.1
|May snow inch = 1.3
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.6
|Nov snow inch = 6.7
|Dec snow inch = 17.3
|year snow inch= 106.5
|source 1 = WRCC (temperature normals 1910–2000),<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca8207
| title = Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary
| publisher= [[Western Regional Climate Center]]
| accessdate=2013-11-30|date=February 1, 1910 – May 31, 2000
}}</ref>
}}</div>

==Demographics==
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0671778|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033202/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0671778|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Sierra City CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Sierra City had a population of 221. The population density was {{convert|102.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Sierra City was 200 (90.5%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0 (0.0%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2 (0.9%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 3 (1.4%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 12 (5.4%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4 (1.8%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 21 persons (9.5%).

The Census reported that 221 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 113 households, out of which 14 (12.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 54 (47.8%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 8 (7.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 7 (6.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 12 (10.6%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 0 (0%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 34 households (30.1%) were made up of individuals, and 15 (13.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.96. There were 69 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (61.1% of all households); the average family size was 2.35.

The population was spread out, with 16 people (7.2%) under the age of 18, 14 people (6.3%) aged 18 to 24, 30 people (13.6%) aged 25 to 44, 104 people (47.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 57 people (25.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.0 males.

There were 280 housing units at an average density of {{convert|130.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 87 (77.0%) were owner-occupied, and 26 (23.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 21.2%. 170 people (76.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 51 people (23.1%) lived in rental housing units.

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Sierra City is in {{Representative|casd|1|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |accessdate=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|1|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |accessdate=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Sierra City is in {{Representative|cacd|1|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|1|accessdate=March 3, 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* California-Indian Pre-Contact Tribal Areas Map, [http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/ca/calprecontact.gif]
* Kelly, Leslie A. ''Traveling California's Gold Rush Country.'' Falcon, 1997.
* Sinnott, James J. ''History of Sierra City and History of Goodyear's Bar'' [one volume], 1978.
* Sinnott, James J. ''History of Sierra County'', 1977.

==External links==
{{commons category|Sierra City, California}}
{{wikivoyage|Sierra City}}
* [http://www.sierracity.com Sierra City website]

* [http://www.malakoff.com/sierract.htm Malakoff.com: Sierra City]
* [http://www.mountainzone.com/mountains/detail.asp?fid=818845 Mountainzone.com]
* [http://www.sierracountyhistory.org/kentucky-mine-historic-park-and-museum Kentucky Mine Historic Park and Museum]

{{Sierra County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Sierra County, California]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Sierra Nevada (United States)]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]

Stirling City, California

2024-10-21T11:37:22Z

Hike395: Reverted edits by Aaghdam1722 (talk) to last version by Patapsco913

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement


|name = Stirling City, California
|settlement_type = [[Unincorporated area|Unincorporated community]]
|image_skyline = Wfm stirling city sat photo.png
|imagesize =
|image_caption = USGS satellite photo of Stirling City
|pushpin_map =California#USA
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in California

|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Butte County, California|Butte County]]
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =

| population_total = 284
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Stirling City, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Stirling%20City%20CDP,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto

| unit_pref =US
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 1.178
| area_land_sq_mi = 1.177
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.001
| area_total_km2 = 3.051
| area_land_km2 = 3.049
| area_water_km2 = 0.002
| area_water_percent = 0.07
| area_note =


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7

|
|established_title = 
|established_date =
|coordinates = {{coord|39|54|28|N|121|31|41|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{gnis|235493}}</ref>
|elevation_m =1088
|elevation_ft =3570

|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code = 95978
|area_code = 530
|blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank_info = 235493; 2612488
|website =
|footnotes = {{gnis|235493}}; {{gnis|2612488}}
}}

'''Stirling City''' is a [[census-designated place]]<ref>{{gnis|2612488}}</ref> in [[Butte County, California|Butte County]], [[California]], located on Paradise Ridge in the western foothills of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]]. Contrary to its name, Stirling City is not a city. Its [[ZIP Code]] is 95978 and [[area code 530]]. It lies at an elevation of 3570 feet (1088 m). Stirling City had a population of 295 at the 2010 census.

Stirling City is located at {{coord|39|54|28|N|121|31|41|W|}}, around 32 miles (45 km) northeast of [[Chico, California]]. It is built around a loop (which terminates a winding spur line) of the [[Southern Pacific Railroad]], built to collect lumber from the [[Lassen National Forest]].

==History==
It was founded in 1903 by the [[Diamond Match Company]]<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|319}}</ref> of [[Barberton, Ohio]], as a center for processing cut lumber from the surrounding forests. Diamond Match official Fred Clough named the city, taking the name from the boiler used at Diamond's Baberton plant, made by the Stirling Boiler Company.

The sawmill closed in the early 1970s. The land surrounding Stirling City is still harvested for timber, and the cleared area is farmed for cattle, fruit, and nuts.

A post office opened in 1903.<ref name=CGN/>

The town received minimal damage during the 2018 [[Camp Fire (2018)|Camp Fire]], during which it was protected by members of the [[California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection]] (Cal Fire).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dillon |first=Raquel Maria |last2=Lewis |first2=Sukey |date=2018-11-30 |title=How Cal Fire's 'Division Unicorn' Saved a Tiny Butte County Town From the Camp Fire {{!}} KQED |url=https://www.kqed.org/news/11708718/how-cal-fires-division-unicorn-saved-a-tiny-butte-county-town-from-the-camp-fire |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=www.kqed.org |language=en}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2010=
|2020=284
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br> 2010<ref name=2010CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
}}

Stirling City first appeared as a [[census designated place]] in the [[2010 U.S. Census]].<ref name=2010CensusCA/>

The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0674186|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033409/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0674186|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Stirling City CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Stirling City had a population of 295. The population density was {{convert|250.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Stirling City was 264 (89.5%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1 (0.3%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 11 (3.7%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0 (0.0%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1 (0.3%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 18 (6.1%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 17 persons (5.8%).

The Census reported that 295 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 117 households, out of which 34 (29.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 49 (41.9%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 14 (12.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 12 (10.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 11 (9.4%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 0 (0%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 34 households (29.1%) were made up of individuals, and 8 (6.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52. There were 75 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (64.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.07.

The population was spread out, with 76 people (25.8%) under the age of 18, 19 people (6.4%) aged 18 to 24, 62 people (21.0%) aged 25 to 44, 94 people (31.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 44 people (14.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.7 males.

There were 151 housing units at an average density of {{convert|128.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 117 were occupied, of which 71 (60.7%) were owner-occupied, and 46 (39.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.1%. 164 people (55.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 131 people (44.4%) lived in rental housing units.

==Climate==
Stirling City is categorized as being within the 8a [[USDA hardiness zone]], meaning temperatures can get as low as 10 to 15 °F.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/# |title=USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032333/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/ |archive-date=27 February 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On average, there are 4 days each year where the temperature goes above 100 F.<ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web |url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=204240&cityname=Stirling-City-California |publisher=Weatherbase |title=Weatherbase.com |year=2013}} Retrieved on June 30, 2013.</ref> There are also 2 days each year where the temperature drops below 20 F.<ref name=Weatherbase />

<div style="width:70%;">
{{Weather box
|location = Stirling City
|single line = Yes
| Jan record high F =82.0
| Feb record high F =82.0
| Mar record high F =87.0
| Apr record high F =94.0
| May record high F =97.0
| Jun record high F =108.0
| Jul record high F =109.0
| Aug record high F =112.0
| Sep record high F =106.0
| Oct record high F =102.0
| Nov record high F =90.0
| Dec record high F =86.0
| year record high F =
|Jan high F = 51.1
|Feb high F = 54.3
|Mar high F = 58.6
|Apr high F = 64.9
|May high F = 73.0
|Jun high F = 81.8
|Jul high F = 90.2
|Aug high F = 89.1
|Sep high F = 83.2
|Oct high F = 72.4
|Nov high F = 59.1
|Dec high F = 51.7
|year high F =
|Jan low F = 31.7
|Feb low F = 33.1
|Mar low F = 34.9
|Apr low F = 38.5
|May low F = 44.0
|Jun low F = 50.1
|Jul low F = 55.1
|Aug low F = 53.8
|Sep low F = 49.8
|Oct low F = 43.6
|Nov low F = 36.4
|Dec low F = 32.3
|year low F =
| Jan record low F =-2.0
| Feb record low F =11.0
| Mar record low F =14.0
| Apr record low F =16.0
| May record low F =21.0
| Jun record low F =31.0
| Jul record low F =39.0
| Aug record low F =28.0
| Sep record low F =30.0
| Oct record low F =19.0
| Nov record low F =15.0
| Dec record low F =5.0
| year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 12.2
|Feb precipitation inch = 11.2
|Mar precipitation inch = 8.6
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.8
|May precipitation inch = 2.5
|Jun precipitation inch = 1
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.1
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.2
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.9
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.5
|Nov precipitation inch = 7.6
|Dec precipitation inch = 11.7
|year precipitation inch = 74.1
| Jan snow inch =11
| Feb snow inch =4.9
| Mar snow inch =6.7
| Apr snow inch =1.3
| May snow inch =0.0
| Jun snow inch =0.0
| Jul snow inch =0.0
| Aug snow inch =0.0
| Sep snow inch =0.0
| Oct snow inch =0.0
| Nov snow inch =1.1
| Dec snow inch =4.4
| year snow inch =
|source 1 = Weatherbase <ref name=Weatherbase />
|date=June 2013
}}
</div>

==In popular culture==
* Stirling City, CA, is depicted as a location in early stories of the [[Slender Man]] internet mythology. [http://slendermanarkive.wikidot.com/stirling-city-incidents]

==See also==
{{portal-inline|California}}

==References==
{{reflist|22em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Stirling City, California}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040328160516/http://www.stirlingcity.info/ Stirling City community website]
* [http://www.stirlingcityhistory.org/ Stirling City Historical Society website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090358/http://reference.allrefer.com/gazetteer/S/S16009-stirling-city.html Details of Stirling City]

{{Butte County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Butte County, California]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Sierra Nevada (United States)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1903]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]

Susanville, California

2024-10-21T11:35:47Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ rv to climate box as of 19 February 2024, to remove unsourced edits

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = City of Susanville
|nickname = The Hub of Northeastern California
|settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
|image_skyline = Downtown Susanville 1.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Historic Uptown Susanville
|image_seal =
|image_map = Lassen County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Susanville Highlighted 0677364.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location in [[Lassen County, California|Lassen County]] and the state of [[California]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = California#USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within California##Location within the United States
| pushpin_label = Susanville
|coordinates = {{coord|40|24|59|N|120|39|11|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Lassen County, California|Lassen]]
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date = August 24, 1900<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc|title=California Cities by Incorporation Date|format=Word|publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s|access-date=August 25, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc|archive-date=November 3, 2014}}</ref>
|named_for = Susan Roop
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Mendy Schuster<ref name="cityofsusanville_citycouncil"/>
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi = 8.03
|area_land_sq_mi = 7.94
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.09
|area_total_km2 = 20.80
|area_land_km2 = 20.58
|area_water_km2 = 0.22
|area_water_percent = 1.07
|area_note =
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{Cite GNIS|277619|Susanville|access-date=December 17, 2014}}</ref>
|elevation_ft = 4186
|elevation_m = 1276
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 16728
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = 812.83
|population_density_sq_mi = 2106.80
|population_demonym = Susanvillain
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 96127, 96130
|area_code = [[Area code 530|530]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = {{FIPS|06|77364}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|277619}}, {{GNIS 4|2412017}}
|website = {{URL|cityofsusanville.org}}
}}{{Redirect|Susanville|the unincorporated community in Oregon|Susanville, Oregon}}[[File:Downtown Susanville 2.jpg|thumb|Another view of Uptown Susanville]]

'''Susanville''' (formerly known as '''Rooptown''')({{lang-nmu|'''Pam Sewim K'odom'''}}, ''bush creek country'')<ref name="maidu-ethnogeography">Simmons, W. S., Morales, R., Williams, V., & Camacho, S. (1997). Honey Lake Maidu Ethnogeography of Lassen County, California . Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 19(1), 2–31. ISSN 0191-3557 [https://escholarship.org/content/qt8xz6j609/qt8xz6j609.pdf]</ref> is a city in and is the [[county seat]] of [[Lassen County, California|Lassen County]], [[California]], [[United States]].<ref name=gnis/> Susanville is located on the [[Susan River (California)|Susan River]] in the southern part of the county,<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|423}}</ref> at an elevation of {{convert|4186|ft|m}}.<ref name=gnis/> Its population is 16,728 as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], down from 17,947 from the 2010 census. The Susanville urban area contains 8,995 people and 4,233 households.

Susanville, a former logging and mining town, is the site of the [[High Desert State Prison, California]] (not to be confused with [[High Desert State Prison, Nevada]]), which opened in 1995. The [[Federal Correctional Institution, Herlong]] is nearby, having opened in 2001.

The prisons and their effects on the community, including the addition of local jobs, were explored in the documentary ''[[Prison Town, USA]]'' (2007), aired on PBS.<ref>{{cite episode|url=http://www.radioproject.org/archive/2008/3108.html|title=Prison Town, USA]|website=radioproject.org|series=Making Contact]|airdate=July 30, 2008|season=11|number=31}}</ref><ref>[https://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2007/prisontown/preview.html POV - Prison Town], pbs.org; retrieved May 13, 2010.</ref> Nearly half the adult population of Susanville works at the three prisons in the area, where 6,000 people are incarcerated.<ref name="taylor">[http://www.mercurynews.com/tv/ci_6488035?nclick_check=1 Taylor, Robert. "'Prison Town' a view from outside"], ''Contra Costa Times'', July 28, 2007; hosted at ''The Mercury News''.</ref>

==Etymology==
It was originally known as Rooptown, named for [[Isaac Roop]], a pioneer of the Honey Lake District.<ref name=gnis/> Roop later renamed the town Susanville in honor of his daughter in 1857.<ref name="Capace, Nancy 1999 Pages 447-48">Capace, Nancy (1999). ''Encyclopedia of California''. North American Book Dist LLC. Pages 447-48. {{ISBN|9780403093182}}.</ref>

==History==
The Susanville US post office was established in 1860.<ref name=CGN/> Early in its history, Susanville was a hub for overland freight transit, as it marked the meeting point of [[Nobles Emigrant Trail]] from [[Nevada]] and the [[Humboldt Wagon Road]] leading west to [[Chico, California|Chico]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Mark |first=Andy |title=Stories of the Humboldt Wagon Road |publisher=The History Press |location=Charleston, SC |year=2020 |page=17 |isbn=9781439669785 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmfVDwAAQBAJ}}</ref> Susanville was incorporated in 1900.<ref name=CGN/>

Formerly the center of farming, mining and the lumber industry, Susanville suffered from the loss of jobs as these industries changed or declined in the 20th century. Since the late 20th century, the only area of growth in the economy has been associated with the construction and operation of two state prisons in the city and one federal prison in the area. In 2007, half of the adult population of Susanville worked in the prisons:<ref name="taylor"/> the [[California Correctional Center]], a minimum-medium security facility, which opened in 1963; the [[High Desert State Prison, California]] (not to be confused with [[High Desert State Prison, Nevada]]), which opened in 1995; and the [[Federal Correctional Institution, Herlong]], which opened in 2007.

==Geography==
Susanville is located at the head of [[Honey Lake Valley]], {{Convert|40|mi|km|abbr=}} east of [[Lassen Peak]],<ref name="Capace, Nancy 1999 Pages 447-48"/> The elevation is approximately {{convert|4186|ft|m}} above sea level.<ref name=gnis/> It is considered a gateway city to [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]] on [[U.S. Route 395]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 8.03 square miles (20.8 km{{sup|2}}), of which 7.95 square miles (20.58 km{{sup|2}}) or 98.93% is land and 0.09 square miles (0.22 km{{sup|2}}) or 1.07% is water.

===Geology===
Susanville is underlain by [[igneous rock]], which provides the parent material for its well-drained brown stony to gravelly sandy loams or loams. On the western outskirts under forest cover, the soils are often reddish brown. The most common soil series in Susanville's urban area is Springmeyer gravelly fine sandy loam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/gmap/|title = SoilWeb: An Online Soil Survey Browser | California Soil Resource Lab}}</ref>

===Climate===
Susanville has a warm-summer [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Csb'') with cool winters and hot, mostly dry summers, except for occasional afternoon thunderstorms. Records have been kept at several stations since 1895, including Susanville Airport and Susanville 2 SW, southwest of the town center. There are two other area stations with shorter records.

Temperatures reach {{convert|90|F|C}} or higher on an average of 30.8 days annually, and drop to {{convert|32|F|C}} or lower on an average of 148.7 days annually.<ref name=NOAA/> Freezing temperatures have been recorded in every month of the year, and summer nighttime temperatures are usually cool, but extreme cold is rare. The highest recorded temperature in Susanville was {{convert|106|F|C}} on July 25, 1928, and July 19–20, 1931, and the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-23|F|C}} on February 1, 1956.<ref name=NOWData/>

Annual precipitation averages {{convert|13.02|in|mm}}, with an average of 38.7 days with measurable precipitation.<ref name=NOAA/> The wettest calendar year has been 1907 with {{convert|33.51|in|mm|1}} and the driest 1976 with {{convert|5.33|in|mm|1}}, though the wettest "rain year" was from July 1937 to June 1938 with {{convert|33.01|in|mm|1}} as against {{convert|32.42|in|mm|1}} between July 1906 and June 1907 and {{convert|4.36|in|mm|1}} in the driest rain year from July 1975 to June 1976. The most precipitation in one month was {{convert|12.30|in|mm|1}} in March 1907, and the most in 24 hours {{convert|5.04|in|mm|1}} on January 31, 1897.<ref name = NOWData/> The most snowfall in one year was {{convert|114|in|cm|1}} in 1937, with the most in one month being {{convert|65.5|in|cm}} in January 1895.

{{Weather box
|location = Susanville, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 68
|Feb record high F = 69
|Mar record high F = 81
|Apr record high F = 90
|May record high F = 96
|Jun record high F = 102
|Jul record high F = 106
|Aug record high F = 105
|Sep record high F = 101
|Oct record high F = 90
|Nov record high F = 83
|Dec record high F = 65

|Jan avg record high F = 54.4
|Feb avg record high F = 59.6
|Mar avg record high F = 69.4
|Apr avg record high F = 76.9
|May avg record high F = 85.1
|Jun avg record high F = 92.2
|Jul avg record high F = 96.8
|Aug avg record high F = 95.2
|Sep avg record high F = 90.4
|Oct avg record high F = 79.9
|Nov avg record high F = 67.7
|Dec avg record high F = 55.6
|year avg record high F = 97.8

|Jan high F = 42.7
|Feb high F = 47.6
|Mar high F = 54.2
|Apr high F = 60.5
|May high F = 69.3
|Jun high F = 78.9
|Jul high F = 88.0
|Aug high F = 86.6
|Sep high F = 80.0
|Oct high F = 67.0
|Nov high F = 51.9
|Dec high F = 42.6
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 32.5
|Feb mean F = 36.6
|Mar mean F = 41.9
|Apr mean F = 47.1
|May mean F = 54.8
|Jun mean F = 62.9
|Jul mean F = 70.6
|Aug mean F = 69.3
|Sep mean F = 62.7
|Oct mean F = 51.5
|Nov mean F = 40.0
|Dec mean F = 32.4
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 22.3
|Feb low F = 25.6
|Mar low F = 29.6
|Apr low F = 33.8
|May low F = 40.2
|Jun low F = 47.0
|Jul low F = 53.1
|Aug low F = 52.0
|Sep low F = 45.3
|Oct low F = 35.9
|Nov low F = 28.1
|Dec low F = 22.3
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 9.0
|Feb avg record low F = 11.5
|Mar avg record low F = 16.8
|Apr avg record low F = 22.4
|May avg record low F = 28.7
|Jun avg record low F = 34.3
|Jul avg record low F = 43.5
|Aug avg record low F = 42.4
|Sep avg record low F = 32.5
|Oct avg record low F = 23.6
|Nov avg record low F = 14.5
|Dec avg record low F = 8.1
|year avg record low F = 4.4

|Jan record low F = -22
|Feb record low F = -23
|Mar record low F = -4
|Apr record low F = 10
|May record low F = 20
|Jun record low F = 25
|Jul record low F = 30
|Aug record low F = 31
|Sep record low F = 18
|Oct record low F = 12
|Nov record low F = -1
|Dec record low F = -22

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.44
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.31
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.67
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.49
|May precipitation inch = 0.82
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.37
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.21
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.11
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.24
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.97
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.49
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.90
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 5.8
|Feb precipitation days = 4.9
|Mar precipitation days = 4.6
|Apr precipitation days = 3.9
|May precipitation days = 3.4
|Jun precipitation days = 2.0
|Jul precipitation days = 0.9
|Aug precipitation days = 0.5
|Sep precipitation days = 1.0
|Oct precipitation days = 2.1
|Nov precipitation days = 3.9
|Dec precipitation days = 5.7

|Jan snow inch = 4.1
|Feb snow inch = 3.6
|Mar snow inch = 0.7
|Apr snow inch = 0.4
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.6
|Dec snow inch = 2.1
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 1.5
|Feb snow days = 1.5
|Mar snow days = 0.4
|Apr snow days = 0.2
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.5
|Dec snow days = 1.2

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00048702&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Susanville 2SW, CA
|access-date = April 28, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=rev
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Reno
|access-date = April 28, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1890= 882
|1910= 688
|1920= 918
|1930= 1358
|1940= 1575
|1950= 5338
|1960= 5598
|1970= 6608
|1980= 6520
|1990= 7279
|2000= 13541
|2010= 17947
|2020= 16728
| estyear = 2023
| estimate = 12689
| estref = <ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2023/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2023-POP-06.xlsx |date=May 16, 2024|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=May 16, 2024}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010===
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] Susanville had a population of 17,947. The population density was {{convert|2,238.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Susanville was 11,269 (62.8%) White, 2,249 (12.5%) African American, 212 (1.2%) Native American, 198 (1.1%) Asian, 111 (0.6%) Pacific Islander, 2,928 (16.3%) from other races, and 580 (3.2%) from two or more races. There were 4,259 people (23.7%) of Hispanic or Latino ancestry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0677364|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033439/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0677364|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Susanville city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref>

The census reported that 9,439 people (52.6% of the population) lived in households, 108 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 8,400 (46.8%) were institutionalized.

There were 3,833 households, 1,357 (35.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,645 (42.9%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 499 (13.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 233 (6.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 327 (8.5%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 16 (0.4%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 1,161 households (30.3%) were one person and 405 (10.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.46. There were 2,377 families (62.0% of households); the average family size was 3.05.

The age distribution was 2,559 people (14.3%) under the age of 18, 2,547 people (14.2%) aged 18 to 24, 7,633 people (42.5%) aged 25 to 44, 4,024 people (22.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,184 people (6.6%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 273.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 327.3 males.

===2000===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref><ref>[https://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html Census 2000 Gateway]</ref> of 2000, there were 13,541 people in 3,516 households, including 2,250 families, in the city. The population density was {{convert|2,294.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 3,882 housing units at an average density of {{convert|657.9|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2010 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 76.0% White, 12.5% African American, 3.2% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.9% Pacific Islander, 3.5% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.6% of the population.

Of the 3,516 households 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 29.9% of households were one person and 10.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.10.

The age distribution was 20.0% under the age of 18, 13.6% from 18 to 24, 41.5% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 198.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 231.6 males.

The [[median income]] for a household in the city was $35,675, and the median family income was $45,216. Males had a median income of $29,973 versus $27,044 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,238. About 11.0% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.

== Government ==
=== Local government ===
The current city council members are:<ref name="cityofsusanville_citycouncil">{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofsusanville.net/city-council/ |title=Susanville City Council |website=cityofsusanville.net |access-date=July 19, 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Position
!Name
|-
|Mayor
|Mendy Schuster
|-
|Mayor Pro Tem
|Russ Brown
|-
|City Councilor
|Patrick Parrish
|-
|City Councilor
|Curtis Bortle
|-
|City Councilor
|Dawn Miller
|}

===List of mayors ===
This is a list of Susanville mayors by year.
* 1975 Jim Chapman<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.californiacountynews.org/news/2016/10/longtime-lassen-county-supervisor-jim-chapman-retire |title=Long Time Lassen County Supervisor Jim Chatnan
|website=californiacountynews.org |date=October 25, 2016 |access-date=July 21, 2020}}</ref>
* 2016 Kathie Garnier
* 2018 Kevin Stafford <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lassennews.com/city-welcomes-new-mayor-councilmember/ |title=City welcomes new mayor, councilmember |website=lassennews.com |first=Jake |last=Hibbitts |date=June 27, 2018 |access-date=July 21, 2020}}</ref>
* 2020 Mendy Schuster

===State and federal representation===
In the [[California State Legislature]], Susanville is in {{Representative|casd|1|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=March 10, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|1|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Susanville is in {{Representative|cacd|1|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|1|access-date=March 2, 2013}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Susanville Railroad Depot.jpg|right|thumb|Susanville Railroad Depot, on the [[National Register of Historic Places]],<ref name="nomination form">{{cite journal|url={{NRHP url|id=01000332}}|format=PDF|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form: Susanville Railroad Depot|author=California Office of Historic Preservation|date=April 5, 2001|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=April 27, 2015}}</ref> in 2013]]
Susanville lies at the junction of [[California State Route 36|California State Routes 36]] and [[California State Route 139|139]]. Highway 139 heads north to the [[Oregon]] border as a direct route to [[Klamath Falls, Oregon|Klamath Falls]]. Highway 36 runs west to [[Red Bluff, California|Red Bluff]], then east to where it terminates with [[U.S. Route 395 in California|U.S. Route 395]] just outside Susanville's city limits. U.S. 395 connects [[Alturas, California|Alturas]] to the north and [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]] to the south.

[[Susanville Municipal Airport]], {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} southeast of Susanville, serves as a public, [[general aviation]] airport. [[Lassen Rural Bus]], operated by the Lassen County Transportation Commission, provides bus service within the city. [[Sage Stage]], operated by Modoc County, connects [[Alturas, California|Alturas]], Susanville, and [[Reno, Nevada]], with connections to Redding, California and Klamath Falls, Oregon as well as connections to/from [[Reno–Tahoe_International_Airport|Reno International Airport]].

The [[Quincy Railroad (California)|Quincy Railroad]] stopped serving Susanville on the former [[Southern Pacific Railroad]] line in 2004. A [[Union Pacific Railroad]] [[caboose]] is on an intact section of track next to the rail depot.

==Economy==

One [[California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation]] facility, [[High Desert State Prison (California)|High Desert State Prison]],<ref>"[http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Facilities_Locator/HDSP.html High Desert State Prison]." [[California Department of Corrections]]. Retrieved on September 25, 2011. "475-750 Rice Canyon Rd. Susanville, CA"</ref><ref>"[http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Facilities_Locator/CCC.html California Correctional Center]." [[California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation]]. Retrieved on September 25, 2011. "711-045 Center Rd. Susanville, CA 96127-0790"</ref> is in Susanville.<ref>"[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US0677364&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on Susanville city, California] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121020111724/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US0677364&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on |date=October 20, 2012 }}." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on September 25, 2011.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mathews |first=Joe |date=March 31, 2022 |title=Susanville, California, is being punished for town's business of punishment |url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/opinion/columnists/2022/03/31/california-closing-wrong-prison/7233483001/ |access-date=April 8, 2022 |newspaper=Ventura County Star |language=en}}</ref>

===Top employers===
According to Susanville's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>[http://www.cityofsusanville.net/wp-content/uploads/documents/finance/CityofSusanvilleCAFR2014Final.pdf City of Susanville CAFR]</ref> the top employers in the city are:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Employer
! # of Employees
|-
|1
| [[High Desert State Prison (California)|High Desert State Prison]]
|1,250
|-
|2
| [[Lassen County, California|Lassen County]]
|441
|-
|3
| [[Susanville Indian Rancheria]]
|295
|-
|4
| [[Lassen College]]
|267
|-
|5
| [[Banner Lassen Medical Center]]
|197
|-
|6
| [[Susanville Indian Rancheria|Diamond Mountain Casino]]
|179
|-
|7
| [[Walmart]]
|150
|-
|8
| Susanville School District
|101
|-
|9
| Lassen Nursing & Rehabilitation Center
|101
|-
|10
| Lassen Union High School District
|85
|-
|11
| Northeastern Rural Health
|81
|-
|12
| [[Safeway Inc.|Safeway]]
|80
|-
|13
| City of Susanville
|62
|-
|14
| Susanville Supermarket [[IGA (supermarkets)|IGA]]
|48
|}

==Notable people==
* [[Dugan Aguilar]] (1947–2018), Maidu/Achomawi/Northern Paiute photographer
*[[Hardin Barry]], baseball player and lawyer, returned to practice law after a one-season career in professional baseball<ref>[https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/barryha01.shtml Hardin Barry], Statistics and History, Baseball-Reference.com, USA TODAY, 2013, accessed September 13, 2013</ref>
*[[Frank Cady]], actor (''[[Petticoat Junction]]'', ''[[Green Acres]]'', and ''[[The Beverly Hillbillies]]'').<ref name=nytimesobit>{{cite news|last=Slotnik|first=Daniel E.|title=Frank Cady, Kept Store on 'Green Acres,' Dies at 96|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/12/arts/television/frank-cady-actor-on-green-acres-dies-at-96.html?ref=deathsobituaries|access-date=January 3, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 11, 2012}}</ref>
*[[Aaron Duran]], writer, media producer grew up in Susanville.<ref>[http://34.orycon.org/guests-of-honor/aaron-duran-media-guest-of-honor Aaron Duran – Media Guest of Honor], 34.orycon.org, Oregon Science Fiction Conventions.</ref>
*[[Jack Ellena]], former [[Los Angeles Rams]] player, born and raised in Susanville and ran a summer camp near town<ref>{{cite web|title=Jack Ellena|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/E/ElleJa20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference|access-date=December 22, 2010}}</ref>
*[[Mike Leach (American football coach)|Mike Leach]], former [[Mississippi State football|Mississippi State]] head football coach was born in Susanville.<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/573/000166075/ Mike Leach profile], NNDB.com; accessed March 22, 2015.</ref>
*[[Mitch Lively]], former player for the [[San Francisco Giants]], was born in Susanville
*[[Kevin Mangold]], professional jockey, stunt double, actor, author
*[[Freddy Nagel]], bandleader<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://susanvillestuff.com/Webxtras/121908webxtra.html|title=SusanvilleStuff.com WebXtra|website=susanvillestuff.com|access-date=December 20, 2018}}</ref>
*[[Ryan O'Callaghan]], NFL player ([[Kansas City Chiefs]], [[New England Patriots]]).<ref>[http://archive.patriots.com/team/index.cfm?ac=playerbio&bio=32014 Profile], archive.patriots.com; accessed March 22, 2015.</ref>
*[[Frank Shamrock]], mixed martial artist<ref name="Woods">Woods, Michael, [https://www.espn.com/extra/mma/news/story?id=3638757 Brothers Ken, Frank Shamrock itching to fight], ESPN.go.com, October 12, 2008; accessed September 13, 2013.</ref>
*[[Ken Shamrock]], mixed martial artist and professional wrestler<ref name="Woods"/>
*[[Mike Skinner (racing driver)|Mike Skinner]], [[NASCAR]] driver<ref>[http://www.mikeskinner.com/history.html Mike Skinner website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709115707/http://www.mikeskinner.com/history.html |date=July 9, 2015 }}; accessed September 13, 2013.</ref>
*[[Benjamin Wade (Survivor contestant)|Benjamin "Coach" Wade]], reality television contestant<ref>{{cite news|last=Magagnini|first=Stephen|title=Susanville Symphony Hits a High Note in Small Lassen County City|newspaper=[[Sacramento Bee]]|page=1B|date=October 31, 2009}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category|Susanville, California}}

==External links==
{{Portal|California}}
*{{Official website}}
*[http://www.susanvillestuff.com/ SusanvilleStuff.com]
*[http://www.lassencountychamber.org/ Lassen County Chamber of Commerce]
*[http://content.cdlib.org/search?keyword=susanville&keyword-add=eastman%27s+originals&facet=type-tab&relation=calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu&style=cui&sortDocsBy=&brand=calisphere&x=0&y=0 Images of Susanville] from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20131019165030/http://lib.ucdavis.edu/dept/specol/collections/photographs/index.php?collection=Eastman Eastman's Originals Collection], [http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/dept/specol/ Special Collections Dept.], University of California, Davis.

{{Lassen County, California}}
{{California county seats}}
{{Sierra Nevada}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1900 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Cities in Lassen County, California]]
[[Category:County seats in California]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1900]]

Boonville, California

2024-10-21T11:33:16Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ climate data corrupted by unsourced edits. Original data failed verification. New climate data from PRISM

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Boonville
| native_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
| image_skyline = Boonville, California sign - November 2022 - Sarah Stierch 01.jpg
| image_caption = Boonville, California
| nickname =
| image_map = File:Mendocino County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Boonville Highlighted 0607512.svg
| map_caption = Location in Mendocino County and California
| pushpin_map = California#USA
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|39|00|33|N|123|21|58|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web |title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files: California |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_06.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=July 28, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi = 5.54
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi = 5.54
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00
| area_water_percent = 0
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|1658110|Boonville}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 116
| elevation_ft = 381
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_total = 1018
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=1600000US0607512&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1| title=P1. Race – Boonville CDP, California: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| access-date=July 28, 2022}}</ref>
| pop_est_as_of =
| pop_est_footnotes =
| population_est =
| population_density_sq_mi = 183.66
| population_density_km2 =
| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
| utc_offset = -8
| timezone_DST = PDT
| utc_offset_DST = -7
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code = 95415
| area_code = [[area code 707|707]]
| blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank_info = 1658110;<ref name=gnis/> 2628712<ref>{{gnis|2628712|Boonville Census Designated Place}}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Boonville''' (formerly '''The Corners''' and '''Kendall's City''')<ref name=CGN /> is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP)<ref>{{gnis|2628712}}</ref> in [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino County]], [[California]], United States.<ref name=gnis /> It is located {{convert|12.5|mi|km|0}} southwest of [[Ukiah, California|Ukiah]],<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|23-24}}</ref> at an elevation of 381 feet (116 m).<ref name=gnis /> The population was 1,018 at the 2020 census.<ref name="Census 2020"/>

==History==
Boonville was founded by John Bregartes in 1862.<ref name=CGN /> It was originally called "The Corners".<ref name=CGN /> Bregartes built a hotel there, and in 1864 Alonzo Kendall built another.<ref name=CGN /> The town became known as "Kendall's City".<ref name=CGN /> W.W. Boone bought a store in town and gave the place its current name.<ref name=CGN />

The first post office opened in 1875, having been transferred from Anderson.<ref name=CGN />

==Geography==
Boonville is in southern Mendocino County, in the [[Anderson Valley]], {{convert|115|mi|km}} north of [[San Francisco]]. [[California State Route 128|State Route 128]] passes through the town, leading southeast {{convert|28|mi}} to [[U.S. Route 101]] at [[Cloverdale, California|Cloverdale]] and northwest the same distance to the [[Pacific Ocean]] near [[Albion, California|Albion]]. [[California State Route 253|State Route 253]] leads east from Boonville {{convert|17|mi}} to Route 101 near [[Ukiah, California|Ukiah]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the Boonville CDP covers an area of {{convert|5.5|sqmi}}, all of it land.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021"/> The town is drained by Anderson Creek, a northwest-flowing tributary of the [[Navarro River]], which leads to the Pacific Ocean near Albion.

===Climate===
The region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above {{Convert|71.6|F}}. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Boonville has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated ''Csb'' on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=379040&cityname=Boonville%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Boonville, California]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Boonville, California, {{coord|39.0092|N|123.3661|W|display=inline}}, {{convert|381|ft}}
|single line = Yes

|Jan high F = 58.0
|Feb high F = 60.2
|Mar high F = 63.7
|Apr high F = 67.9
|May high F = 74.5
|Jun high F = 81.5
|Jul high F = 88.2
|Aug high F = 88.1
|Sep high F = 86.1
|Oct high F = 78.0
|Nov high F = 64.3
|Dec high F = 57.4

|Jan mean F = 48.7
|Feb mean F = 50.2
|Mar mean F = 52.8
|Apr mean F = 55.9
|May mean F = 61.1
|Jun mean F = 66.4
|Jul mean F = 70.7
|Aug mean F = 70.5
|Sep mean F = 68.5
|Oct mean F = 62.5
|Nov mean F = 53.2
|Dec mean F = 48.0

|Jan low F = 39.4
|Feb low F = 40.2
|Mar low F = 41.9
|Apr low F = 43.8
|May low F = 47.6
|Jun low F = 51.4
|Jul low F = 53.2
|Aug low F = 52.9
|Sep low F = 51.0
|Oct low F = 47.1
|Nov low F = 42.1
|Dec low F = 38.6

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 7.00
|Feb precipitation inch = 6.83
|Mar precipitation inch = 5.66
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.58
|May precipitation inch = 1.29
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.38
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.03
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.04
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.12
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.62
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.26
|Dec precipitation inch = 8.09

|source 1 = PRISM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=Time Series Values for Individual Locations|publisher=PRISM Climate Group|access-date=20 October 2024|quote=Enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution. Click "Retrieve time series", then "Download time series"}}</ref> (spatially interpolated, 1991-2020 normals)
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2010= 1035
|2020= 1018
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br>1850–1870<ref name=1870CensusCA1>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-12.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=1870CensusCA2>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1880-1890<ref name=1890CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1890/bulletins/demographics/134-population-of-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1900<ref name=1900CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/10-population-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1910<ref name=1910CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1920<ref name=1920CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1920/bulletins/demographics/population-ca-number-of-inhabitants.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1930<ref name=1930CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-1/03815512v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1940<ref name=1940CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-08.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1960<ref name=1960CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-06-d.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1970<ref name=1970CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ca1-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caAB-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1990<ref name=1990CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
2000<ref name=2000CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
}}

The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0607512|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715023707/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0607512|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Boonville CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Boonville had a population of 1,035. The population density was {{convert|186.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Boonville was 630 (60.9%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 9 (0.9%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 18 (1.7%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 7 (0.7%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 2 (0.2%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 340 (32.9%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 29 (2.8%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 520 persons (50.2%).

The Census reported that 1,029 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 1 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 5 (0.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 372 households, out of which 139 (37.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 193 (51.9%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 46 (12.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 23 (6.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 28 (7.5%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 4 (1.1%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 77 households (20.7%) were made up of individuals, and 28 (7.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77. There were 262 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (70.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.12.

The population was spread out, with 268 people (25.9%) under the age of 18, 90 people (8.7%) aged 18 to 24, 270 people (26.1%) aged 25 to 44, 275 people (26.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 132 people (12.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.2 males.

There were 413 housing units at an average density of {{convert|74.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 190 (51.1%) were owner-occupied, and 182 (48.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.2%. 479 people (46.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 550 people (53.1%) lived in rental housing units.

==Education==
[[Image:Boonville schoolhouse.jpg|thumb|Historic Boonville schoolhouse]]
Elementary school students in Boonville attend Anderson Valley Elementary School. Middle and high school students attend Anderson Valley Junior-Senior High School. Both schools are located in Boonville.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avusd.k12.ca.us/avhs/|title=Anderson Valley High School|publisher=AVUSD.k12.ca.us|access-date=September 27, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710185015/http://www.avusd.k12.ca.us/avhs/|archive-date=July 10, 2015}}</ref>

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Boonville is in {{Representative|casd|2|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|2|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Boonville is in {{Representative|cacd|2|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|2|access-date=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Anderson Valley Brewing Company - November 2022 - Sarah Stierch 42.jpg|thumb|Anderson Valley Brewing Company's tap room]]
Boonville is best known as the source of the [[Boontling]] [[constructed language|folk language]]. Bottles from the local [[Anderson Valley Brewing Company]] are labeled with the motto "Bahl Hornin'" which means "It's good drinkin'" in Boontling.

An [[Alsace|Alsatian]] Varietals wine festival is held at the fairgrounds each February. In early spring (April or May), the annual Legendary Boonville Beer Festival is held at the fairgrounds, featuring beers from about 50 craft breweries.<ref>[http://www.avbc.com/news/boontbeerfest.html Boont Beerfest] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916202717/http://www.avbc.com/news/boontbeerfest.html |date=September 16, 2008 }}</ref> A Pinot Noir Festival is held in May. In July, the Wool-growers' [[Barbecue]] and Sheepdog Trials is held at the fairgrounds. Boonville hosts the annual Mendocino County Fair in September. Boonville also hosts the long-running [[Sierra Nevada World Music Festival]] every summer solstice weekend in June.<ref>[http://www.snwmf.com Sierra Nevada World Music Festival Official Website]</ref>

The apple cultivar known as Sierra Beauty is attributed to have been located on a mountainside by itself. Cuttings were made and grafted allowing the cultivar to survive. The Gowan family of Sonoma was one of the early growers that helped save this cultivar from extinction.

Boonville, despite its small population, has a minor reputation{{according to whom|date=August 2015}} among political leftists in the United States for [[counterculture|countercultural]] ideals, including promotion of [[organic food]]. The town serves as the setting for the novel ''[[Boonville (novel)|Boonville]]'' (2001) by [[Robert Mailer Anderson]] and is mentioned in ''[[Sourdough (novel)|Sourdough]]'' (2017) by [[Robin Sloan]]. Some commentators believe Boonville may be the setting for the novel ''[[Vineland]]'' (1990) by [[Thomas Pynchon]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Nazaryan|first=Alexander|title=The Last (or at Least Looniest) Newspaper in America|url=https://www.newsweek.com/2015/04/24/last-or-least-looniest-newspaper-america-321646.html|website=Newsweek|date=2015-04-12|accessdate=2021-03-03}}</ref>

The town is known to [[Unification Church|Unificationists]] as the site of the successful but ill-fated [[Creative Community Project]].<ref>Durst, Mose. [http://www.tparents.org/Library/Unification/Books/Tbns/TBNS-06.htm The Work of the Church: In Service to God and to Humanity]. tparents.org. Retrieved 2011-3-26.</ref>

The ZIP Code is 95415. The community is inside [[area code 707]].

The 2008 American [[science fiction]] [[action film|action]] [[horror film|horror]] [[thriller (genre)|thriller]] film ''[[Pig Hunt]]'' is set and shot in Boonville.

The 2016 [[Western film]] ''[[Boonville Redemption]]'' is set in Boonville in 1906.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boonville Redemption |url=https://dove.org/review/11140-boonville-redemption/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Dove.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

Boonville is home of the Boonville stomp, a dance invented by a forestry worker named Maudie in the early 1900s. [[Les Claypool]] has a song called "Boonville Stomp" on his album ''[[Of Fungi and Foe]]'' which was also featured in the film ''[[Pig Hunt]]'' and includes a shout-out to the film's producer and writer [[Robert Mailer Anderson]].

==Notable residents==
* [[Robert Mailer Anderson]], novelist, screenwriter, playwright and activist; 1987 graduate of Anderson Valley High School<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harpercollins.ca/author/cr-166836/robert-mailer-anderson/|title=Author}}</ref>
* [[René Auberjonois]], Emmy award-nominated actor, former resident<ref>[http://avalleylife.wordpress.com/2011/02/10/rene-auberjonois-january-31st-2011/ René Auberjonois – January 31st, 2011], Lives and Times of Anderson Valley Folks</ref>
* [[Gabriela Lena Frank]], award-winning composer (Latin Grammy, Guggenheim, USA Artist) and Grammy-nominated pianist
* [[Martin Tevaseu]], [[American football|football player]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]]
* In the spring of 1968 a number of [[Manson Family]] members lived for a few months in a residence between Boonville and [[Philo, California|Philo]]. Due to drug accusations the residence was raided on June 24 and the inhabitants were arrested. Among the accused were [[Mary Brunner]], Ella Jo Bailey, [[Susan Atkins]] and [[Patricia Krenwinkel]]. After the Boonville raid they left the area.<ref>''[[Helter Skelter (book)|Helter Skelter]]'' (1974) by [[Vincent Bugliosi]]. Norton & Co, New York.</ref>{{verify source|date=January 2016}}

==See also==
* [[Boontling]]
* [[Boont ale]]
* {{portal-inline|California}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Boonville, California}}
* [http://www.theava.com The ''Anderson Valley Advertiser''] - the weekly newspaper of [[Anderson Valley]]

{{Mendocino County, California}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Mendocino County, California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1862]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]

Twain Harte, California

2024-10-21T10:41:10Z

Hike395: rv climate table to 21 February 2024, to remove unsourced edits

{{Infobox settlement

| official_name = Twain Harte
| native_name = 
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[census-designated place]]

| image_skyline = Twain Harte CA.jpg
| image_caption = The main entrance into Twain Harte after a snowstorm
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_shield =
| nickname =
| motto = " Tuolumne County's Breath of Fresh Air "
| image_map = Tuolumne_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Twain_Harte_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_caption = Location in [[Tuolumne County, California|Tuolumne County]] and the state of [[California]]
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States

| coordinates = {{coord|38|2|25|N|120|14|1|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tuolumne County, California|Tuolumne]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| government_type =

| government_footnotes =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =

| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2010_place_list_06.txt
| publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]
| accessdate = March 26, 2015
| title = 2010 Census Gazetteer Files - Places - California}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 9.631
| area_total_sq_mi = 3.718
| area_land_km2 = 9.581
| area_land_sq_mi = 3.699
| area_water_km2 = 0.050
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.019
| area_water_percent = 0.51
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1112
| elevation_ft = 3648

| population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Twain Harte, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Twain%20Harte%20CDP,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=18 August 2024}}</ref>
| population_total = 2378
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| population_note =

| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
| utc_offset = -8
| timezone_DST = PDT
| utc_offset_DST = -7

| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 95383
| area_code = [[Area code 209|209]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 06-80966
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1660049
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Twain Harte''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Tuolumne County, California|Tuolumne County]], [[California]], United States. The population was 2,226 at the 2010 census, down from 2,586 at the 2000 census. Its name is derived from the last names of two famous authors who lived in California, [[Mark Twain]] and [[Bret Harte]].

==Geography==
Twain Harte is located at {{coord|38|2|25|N|120|14|1|W|type:city}} (38.040390, -120.233671).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

Twain Harte is situated in Tuolumne County along [[California State Route 108|Highway 108]] at an elevation of {{convert|3640|ft}}.

The USPS zip code for Twain Harte is 95383.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|3.7|sqmi|km2}}, of which, 99.49% is land and 0.51% is water. Its municipal water supply comes from the nearby [[Lyons Reservoir]] in the [[Stanislaus National Forest]].

Twain Harte is both a summer and winter [[Tourism|vacation]] [[community]] situated at the transition zone between the [[oak]] [[forest]] of the California [[foothills]] and the mixed [[pine]] and [[fir]] [[forest]] of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]]. Summers are warm during the day and the nights are generally mild, making Twain Harte a pleasant escape from the long, hot summers of the [[California Central Valley]]. Winters can be very cool with [[snow]] occurring several times during the season. [[Winter sports]] venues are located nearby at Leland High Sierra Snowplay near Strawberry (snow tubing), Long Barn Lodge & Ice Skating Rink, and [[Dodge Ridge Ski Area]] near Pinecrest are all along [[California State Route 108|Highway 108]], plus the Badger Pass Ski Area in nearby Yosemite Park.

{{Weather box
| location = Twain Harte, California
| single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 72
| Feb record high F = 78
| Mar record high F = 83
| Apr record high F = 88
| May record high F = 95
| Jun record high F = 99
| Jul record high F = 103
| Aug record high F = 104
| Sep record high F = 100
| Oct record high F = 93
| Nov record high F = 83
| Dec record high F = 69
| year record high F = 104
| Jan high F = 47
| Feb high F = 51
| Mar high F = 56
| Apr high F = 61
| May high F = 69
| Jun high F = 77
| Jul high F = 85
| Aug high F = 84
| Sep high F = 79
| Oct high F = 69
| Nov high F = 55
| Dec high F = 46
| Jan low F = 31
| Feb low F = 31
| Mar low F = 34
| Apr low F = 38
| May low F = 45
| Jun low F = 51
| Jul low F = 57
| Aug low F = 56
| Sep low F = 52
| Oct low F = 43
| Nov low F = 35
| Dec low F = 30
| Jan record low F = -1
| Feb record low F = 1
| Mar record low F = 11
| Apr record low F = 16
| May record low F = 25
| Jun record low F = 31
| Jul record low F = 41
| Aug record low F = 31
| Sep record low F = 32
| Oct record low F = 23
| Nov record low F = 10
| Dec record low F = 2
| year record low F = -1
| Jan precipitation inch = 6.30
| Feb precipitation inch = 6.09
| Mar precipitation inch = 5.56
| Apr precipitation inch = 3.32
| May precipitation inch = 2.14
| Jun precipitation inch = .70
| Jul precipitation inch = .28
| Aug precipitation inch = .14
| Sep precipitation inch = .80
| Oct precipitation inch = 2.41
| Nov precipitation inch = 4.39
| Dec precipitation inch = 5.79
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan snow inch = 17
| Feb snow inch = 12.6
| Mar snow inch = 19.6
| Apr snow inch = 12
| May snow inch = 1
| Jun snow inch = 0
| Jul snow inch = 0
| Aug snow inch = 0
| Sep snow inch = 0
| Oct snow inch = 0.4
| Nov snow inch = 3.2
| Dec snow inch = 13.5

| source 1 = The Weather Channel<ref name=weather>{{cite web | title = Monthly Averages for Twain Harte, CA | publisher = The Weather Channel, LLC | format = Table | url = http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USCA1172 | accessdate = 2013-10-08}}</ref>
| date = October 2013
|source 2 = Intellicast<ref>Intellicast - Twain Harte Historic Weather Averages in California (95383) http://www.intellicast.com/local/history.aspx?location=USCA1172</ref>
}}

==Places of interest==
Twain Harte is home to the Twain Harte Village (the largest shopping center in the area), Twain Harte Golf Club (a golf course design by [[Clark Glasson]]), and [[Twain Harte Dam|Twain Harte Lake]] (a man-made lake and small resort).

==Demographics==

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0680966|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033643/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0680966|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Twain Harte CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Twain Harte had a population of 2,226. The population density was {{convert|598.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Twain Harte was 2,026 (91.0%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 5 (0.2%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 34 (1.5%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 31 (1.4%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 4 (0.2%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 46 (2.1%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 80 (3.6%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 171 persons (7.7%).

The Census reported that 2,226 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,014 households, out of which 198 (19.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 544 (53.6%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 83 (8.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 50 (4.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 56 (5.5%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 6 (0.6%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 273 households (26.9%) were made up of individuals, and 125 (12.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20. There were 677 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (66.8% of all households); the average family size was 2.60.

The population was spread out, with 355 people (15.9%) under the age of 18, 137 people (6.2%) aged 18 to 24, 387 people (17.4%) aged 25 to 44, 772 people (34.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 575 people (25.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 52.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.8 males.

There were 2,148 housing units at an average density of {{convert|577.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 717 (70.7%) were owner-occupied, and 297 (29.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 12.0%. 1,501 people (67.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 725 people (32.6%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 2,586 people, 1,120 households, and 779 families residing in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|711.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,056 housing units at an average density of {{convert|565.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.23% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.12% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.01% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.73% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.54% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.08% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.29% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 5.53% of the population.

There were 1,120 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.69.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 31.7% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $46,920, and the median income for a family was $51,865. Males had a median income of $40,313 versus $26,964 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $23,079. About 5.0% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
In the [[California State Legislature]], Twain Harte is in {{Representative|casd|8|fmt=sdistrict}}, and {{Representative|caad|5|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html |title=Statewide Database |publisher=[[Regents of the University of California]] |accessdate=March 26, 2015}}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Twain Harte is in {{Representative|cacd|4|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|4|accessdate=September 28, 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bret Harte, California]], a CDP in Stanislaus County

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.twainhartecsd.com/ Twain Harte Community Services District]
* [http://www.twainhartecc.com Twain Harte Area Chamber of Commerce official Web site]
* [https://thlake.org/ Twain Harte Lake]
{{Tuolumne County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Tuolumne County, California]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Sierra Nevada (United States)]]

Auberry, California

2024-10-21T10:37:36Z

Hike395: Reverted edit by Aaghdam1722 (talk) to last version by Patapsco913

{{distinguish|New Auberry, California}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Auberry
|settlement_type = [[census-designated place]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Fresno_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Auberry_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location in [[Fresno County, California|Fresno County]] and the state of [[California]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Fresno County, California|Fresno]]
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title2 = [[California's 8th State Senate district|State Senator]]
|leader_name2 = {{Representative|casd|8|fmt=sleader}}<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators
|title=Senators
|access-date=April 6, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
|leader_title3 = [[California's 23rd State Assembly district|State Assembly]]
|leader_name3 = {{Representative|caad|23|fmt=sleader}}<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers
|title=Members Assembly
|access-date=April 6, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
|leader_title4 = [[California's 4th congressional district|U. S. Congress]]
|leader_name4 = {{Representative|cacd|4|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|4|access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref>
|established_date =

|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 30, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 46.83
| area_land_sq_mi = 46.43
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.40
| area_total_km2 = 121.28
| area_land_km2 = 120.25
| area_water_km2 = 1.03
| area_water_percent = 0.32
| area_note =
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft = 2018
|elevation_m = 615
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 3238
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = 26.93
|population_density_sq_mi = 69.74
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
|utc_offset = -8
|coordinates = {{coord|37|03|58|N|119|24|07|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 93602
|area_code = [[Area code 559|559]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 06-03190
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|1657963}}, {{GNIS 4|2407779}}
|footnotes =
|website =
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
}}
'''Auberry''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔː|b|ɛr|i}}) is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Fresno County, California|Fresno County]], [[California]], United States. The population was 2,369 at the 2010 census, up from 2,053 at the 2000 census. Auberry is located on Little Sandy Creek {{convert|9.5|mi|km|0}} west of [[Shaver Lake Heights, California|Shaver Lake Heights]],<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|995-996}}</ref> at an elevation of {{Convert|2018|feet|meters}}.<ref name=gnis>{{Cite GNIS|1657963|Auberry}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|19.2|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|19.1|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}} (0.32%) is water.

===Climate===
Auberry has a [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] [[Köppen climate classification#Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates|''Csa'']]) with cool, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. Its average annual [[precipitation]] is {{Convert|26.3|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="data">{{cite web |title=U.S. Climate Data |url=http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/auberry/california/united-states/usca0053 |access-date=2013-12-02}}</ref> Its [[hardiness zone]] is 8a.<ref>[http://www.plantmaps.com/93602 PlantMaps hardiness zone for Auberry]</ref>

{{weather box
|single line=yes
|precipitation colour=green
|width=auto
|location=Auberry, California, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1915–present
|Jan record high F = 79
|Feb record high F = 87
|Mar record high F = 90
|Apr record high F = 95
|May record high F = 107
|Jun record high F = 112
|Jul record high F = 114
|Aug record high F = 114
|Sep record high F = 107
|Oct record high F = 108
|Nov record high F = 90
|Dec record high F = 80
|year record high F=
|Jan high F = 55.3
|Feb high F = 58.1
|Mar high F = 62.2
|Apr high F = 68.6
|May high F = 78.5
|Jun high F = 87.8
|Jul high F = 94.3
|Aug high F = 93.5
|Sep high F = 87.1
|Oct high F = 76.1
|Nov high F = 60.9
|Dec high F = 55.1
|year high F= 73.4
|Jan low F = 36.6
|Feb low F = 39.2
|Mar low F = 41.9
|Apr low F = 45.6
|May low F = 52.5
|Jun low F = 60.1
|Jul low F = 67.1
|Aug low F = 66.6
|Sep low F = 61.3
|Oct low F = 52.5
|Nov low F = 41.0
|Dec low F = 36.7
|year low F= 50.2
|Jan record low F = 23
|Feb record low F = 25
|Mar record low F = 29
|Apr record low F = 25
|May record low F = 31
|Jun record low F = 41
|Jul record low F = 42
|Aug record low F = 47
|Sep record low F = 43
|Oct record low F = 27
|Nov record low F = 28
|Dec record low F = 20
|year record low F=
|Jan precipitation inch = 5.05
|Feb precipitation inch = 4.89
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.14
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.18
|May precipitation inch = 1.02
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.32
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.08
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.06
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.36
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.33
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.73
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.25
|year precipitation inch= 26.42
|source 1 = WRCC<ref>
{{cite web
|url = https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca0379
|title = AUBERRY, CALIFORNIA (040379)
|publisher= Western Regional Climate Center
|access-date = October 6, 2022
}}</ref>
}}

==History==
The Auberry post office was established in 1884, and following moves in 1887 and 1888, it was located at its present site in 1906.<ref name=CGN /> The place is named for Al Yarborough and is spelled phonetically as his name was pronounced.<ref name=CGN />

The Auberry Band of the [[Mono people]] was called unaħpaahtyħ, (that which is on the other side [of the San Joaquin River]) in the [[Mono language (Native American)|Mono language]].<ref>Sydney M. Lamb. 1957. [http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/documents/dissertations/lamb-1958.pdf ''Mono Grammar'']. University of California. Berkeley PhD dissertation. .pdf</ref>

Auberry was also a stop on the [[San Joaquin and Eastern Railroad]], which was built to facilitate the construction of the [[Big Creek Hydroelectric Project]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Johnston|first=Hank|title=The Railroad that Lighted Southern California: The Story of the Edison Big Creek Project|publisher=Trans-Anglo Books|year=1965|location=Los Angeles, California}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2020= 3238
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br>1850–1870<ref name=1870CensusCA1>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-12.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=1870CensusCA2>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1880-1890<ref name=1890CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1890/bulletins/demographics/134-population-of-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1900<ref name=1900CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/10-population-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1910<ref name=1910CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1920<ref name=1920CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1920/bulletins/demographics/population-ca-number-of-inhabitants.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1930<ref name=1930CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-1/03815512v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1940<ref name=1940CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-08.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1960<ref name=1960CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-06-d.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1970<ref name=1970CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ca1-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caAB-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1990<ref name=1990CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
2000<ref name=2000CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
}}

===2010===
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] Auberry had a population of 2,369. The population density was {{convert|123.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Auberry was 2,048 (86.4%) White, 10 (0.4%) African American, 105 (4.4%) Native American, 24 (1.0%) Asian, 2 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 68 (2.9%) from other races, and 112 (4.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 309 people (13.0%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0603190|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715023342/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0603190|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Auberry CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref>

The census reported that 2,235 people (94.3% of the population) lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and 134 (5.7%) were institutionalized.

There were 849 households, 284 (33.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 488 (57.5%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 93 (11.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 40 (4.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 50 (5.9%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 3 (0.4%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 188 households (22.1%) were one person and 83 (9.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.63. There were 621 families (73.1% of households); the average family size was 3.04.

The age distribution was 531 people (22.4%) under the age of 18, 187 people (7.9%) aged 18 to 24, 425 people (17.9%) aged 25 to 44, 746 people (31.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 480 people (20.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 46.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

There were 949 housing units at an average density of {{convert|49.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}},of which 849 were occupied, 646 (76.1%) by the owners and 203 (23.9%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.7%. 1,649 people (69.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 586 people (24.7%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] there were 2,053 people, 722 households, and 539 families in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|107.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 791 housing units at an average density of {{convert|41.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the CDP was 86.65% White, 0.44% Black or African American, 5.16% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 2.05% from other races, and 4.87% from two or more races. 8.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
Of the 722 households 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.3% were non-families. 21.3% of households were one person and 10.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.12.

The age distribution was 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median household income was $34,621 and the median family income was $42,083. Males had a median income of $36,172 versus $27,097 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,106. About 9.4% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 17.6% of those age 65 or over.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Fresno County, California}}
{{Kings Canyon National Park}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Fresno County, California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1884]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]
[[Category:1884 establishments in California]]

Shaver Lake, California

2024-10-21T10:32:17Z

Hike395: climate data corrupted by unsourced edits, original source was not reliable. Replace with table from PRISM

{{about|the unincorporated community|the lake itself|Shaver Lake|the nearby place|Shaver Lake Heights, California}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Shaver Lake
|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Fresno_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Shaver_Lake_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location in [[Fresno County, California|Fresno County]] and the state of [[California]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Fresno County, California|Fresno]]
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title2 = [[California's 8th State Senate district|State Senator]]
|leader_name2 = {{Representative|casd|8|fmt=sleader}}<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators
|title=Senators
|access-date=April 6, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
|leader_title3 = [[California's 23rd State Assembly district|State Assembly]]
|leader_name3 = {{Representative|caad|23|fmt=sleader}}<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers
|title=Members Assembly
|access-date=April 6, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
|leader_title4 = [[California's 4th congressional district|U. S. Congress]]
|leader_name4 = {{Representative|cacd|4|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|4|accessdate=April 6, 2013}}</ref>
|established_date =

|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 34.491
| area_land_sq_mi = 32.214
| area_water_sq_mi = 2.277
| area_total_km2 = 89.330
| area_land_km2 = 83.433
| area_water_km2 = 5.897
| area_water_percent = 6.60
| area_note =
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{Cite GNIS|1659635|Shaver Lake}}</ref>
|elevation_ft = 5627
|elevation_m = 1715
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Shaver Lake, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Shaver%20Lake%20CDP,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref>
|population_total = 580
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
|utc_offset = -8
|coordinates = {{coord|37|06|15|N|119|19|03|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 93634, 93642, 93664
|area_code = [[Area code 559|559]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 06-71246
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|1659635}}, {{GNIS 4|2408722}}
|footnotes =
|website =
}}
'''Shaver Lake''' (formerly, '''Musick Creek''' and '''Musick Creek Heights''')<ref name=gnis /> is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Fresno County, California|Fresno County]], [[California]], United States. The population was 634 at the 2010 census, down from 705 at the 2000 census. Shaver Lake is on the southwest end of the [[Shaver Lake|lake of the same name]], {{convert|10|mi|km}} east of [[New Auberry, California|New Auberry]], at an elevation of {{Convert|5627|feet|meters|abbr=on}}.<ref name=gnis/> The name honors C.B. Shaver, founder of the [[Fresno Flume and Irrigation Company]] that built the dam, creating the lake. The lake served as a mill pond for the Shaver Sawmill and the source for a flume that ran {{Convert|65|miles|km}} to [[Clovis, California|Clovis]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Ralph Clement |date=1913 |title=Logging: The Principles and General Methods of Operation in the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRsyAAAAMAAJ&q=Logging%3B+the+Principles+and+General+Methods+of+Operation+in+the+United+States |location=New York |publisher=Wiley and Sons |page=399 |edition=First}}</ref> The original town of Shaver was buried under the lake when the Thomas A. Edison Company purchased and enlarged the lake in 1919.<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|1105}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|34.5|sqmi|km2}}, of which, {{convert|32.2|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|2.3|sqmi|km2}} of it (6.60%) is water.

==Climate==
Shaver Lake has a warm-summer mediterranean climate that is characterized by warm, dry summers, with periodic thunderstorms, and cold, snowy winters.

{{Weather box
|location = Shaver Lake, California, {{coord|37.1260|N|119.2908|W|display=inline}}, {{convert|5374|ft}}
|single line = Y
|width = auto

|Jan high F = 50.5
|Feb high F = 49.6
|Mar high F = 52.8
|Apr high F = 56.9
|May high F = 64.8
|Jun high F = 74.9
|Jul high F = 83.2
|Aug high F = 83.2
|Sep high F = 77.6
|Oct high F = 66.9
|Nov high F = 56.3
|Dec high F = 49.3

| Jan mean F = 40.9
| Feb mean F = 40.1
| Mar mean F = 42.8
| Apr mean F = 46.1
| May mean F = 53.5
| Jun mean F = 62.6
| Jul mean F = 70.1
| Aug mean F = 69.8
| Sep mean F = 64.6
| Oct mean F = 55.2
| Nov mean F = 46.2
| Dec mean F = 40.2

|Jan low F = 31.4
|Feb low F = 30.7
|Mar low F = 32.7
|Apr low F = 35.3
|May low F = 42.3
|Jun low F = 50.2
|Jul low F = 57.1
|Aug low F = 56.4
|Sep low F = 51.7
|Oct low F = 43.4
|Nov low F = 36.1
|Dec low F = 31.0

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation inch = 7.46
|Feb precipitation inch = 6.46
|Mar precipitation inch = 6.07
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.34
|May precipitation inch = 2.03
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.60
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.27
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.07
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.27
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.00
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.04
|Dec precipitation inch = 5.89

|source 1 = PRISM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=Time Series Values for Individual Locations|publisher=PRISM Climate Group|access-date=20 October 2024|quote=Enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution. Click "Retrieve time series", then "Download time series"}}</ref> (spatially interpolated, 1991-2020 normals)
}}

==Demographics==

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0671246|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033158/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0671246|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Shaver Lake CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Shaver Lake had a population of 634. The [[population density]] was 18.4 people per square mile (7.1/km{{sup|2}}). The racial makeup of Shaver Lake was 611 (96.4%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0 (0.0%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 5 (0.8%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 3 (0.5%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 8 (1.3%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 7 (1.1%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 44 persons (6.9%).

The Census reported that 634 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 292 households, out of which 54 (18.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 184 (63.0%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 11 (3.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11 (3.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 10 (3.4%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 3 (1.0%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 72 households (24.7%) were made up of individuals, and 28 (9.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17. There were 206 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (70.5% of all households); the average family size was 2.54.

The population was spread out, with 93 people (14.7%) under the age of 18, 34 people (5.4%) aged 18 to 24, 88 people (13.9%) aged 25 to 44, 266 people (42.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 153 people (24.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.1 males.

There were 2,117 housing units at an average density of {{convert|61.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 292 were occupied, of which 236 (80.8%) were owner-occupied, and 56 (19.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 12.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 39.3%. 511 people (80.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 123 people (19.4%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 705 people, 303 households, and 229 families residing in the CDP. The [[population density]] was 21.8 people per square mile (8.4/km{{sup|2}}). There were 1,845 housing units at an average density of {{convert|57.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.16% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 0.43% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.28% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 1.42% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.71% from two or more races. 6.52% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 303 households, out of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 2.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.64.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 18.7% under the age of 18, 3.0% from 18 to 24, 20.1% from 25 to 44, 40.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,250, and the median income for a family was $51,250. Males had a median income of $40,956 versus $32,019 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $24,695. About 10.3% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

==See also==
*[[Shaver Lake]]
*[[Shaver Lake Heights, California]]
*[[Shaver Lake Railroad]]
*[[Burrough Valley]]
*[[Tollhouse, California]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Fresno County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Fresno County, California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]

Tsútswecw Provincial Park

2024-10-21T09:52:33Z

Hike395: set zoom from area

{{Short description|Provincial park in British Columbia}}
{{Infobox protected area
|name=Tsútswecw Provincial Park
|alt_name=Roderick Haig-Brown Provincial Park
|photo=TsutswecwParkAutumn2.jpg
|photo_caption=The Adams River in the Autumn
|coordinates={{coord|50.917833|-119.625118|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|coords_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/explore/map.html|title=Location Map|work=BC Parks}}</ref>
|map=British Columbia
|established=1977
|area_ha=1073
|nearest_city=[[Squilax, British Columbia]]
| embedded = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom ={{map zoom|area_ha=1073}} |coord={{coord|50.917833|-119.625118}}}}
}}

'''Tsútswecw Provincial Park''' is a [[provincial park]] in [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]], located northeast of [[Kamloops]] and northwest of [[Salmon Arm, British Columbia|Salmon Arm]]. It stretches along the banks of the [[Adams River (British Columbia)|Adams River]], between the south end of [[Adams Lake]] and the western portion of [[Shuswap Lake]].

[[File:SalmonRunTsutswecw.jpg|thumb|left|Salmon along the edge of the river during the November salmon run.]]

It is known for being one of the largest [[sockeye salmon]] runs in North America. A [[Adams River (British Columbia)#Dominant runs|dominant]] year occurs every four years when millions of sockeye salmon spawn in the Adams River. The last dominant run was in October 2014, the next in 2018, with "sub-dominant" runs in 2007 and 2011. The Adams River Salmon Society coordinates the celebration known as the "Salute to the Sockeye" during the dominant years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salmonsociety.com/|title=The Adams River Salmon Society|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref>

The park preserves evidence of thousands of years of [[Secwepemc]] habitation, including the remains of [[kekuli]] pit houses and [[Pictogram|pictographs]] on the exposed rock of the river's gorge.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Parks of British Columbia and the Yukon |first=Maggie |last=Paquet |date=1990 |publisher=Maia Pub |isbn=0969456808 |edition=1st |location=North Vancouver, B.C. |oclc=22813558}}</ref> It also preserves features from early European resource extraction; the Flume trails in the north of the park showcase the massive [[flume]]s built to move logs from nearby areas into the Adams River for transport. In August of 2023, large portions of the park were burned by the [[Bush Creek East fire|Bush Creek East]] forest fire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Provincial park devasted by Shuswap wildfire partly reopens to public |url=https://infotel.ca/newsitem/provincial-park-devasted-by-shuswap-wildfire-partly-reopens-to-public/it103340 |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=INFOnews}}</ref>

The park's name, pronounced "choo-chwek", is a [[Shuswap language|Secwepemc]] term meaning "many rivers" and reflects the name of the area used by First Nations peoples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/explore/parkpgs/roderick/|title=Tsútswecw Provincial Park (Roderick Haig-Brown) - BC Parks|last=Environment|first=Ministry of|website=www.env.gov.bc.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-09-07}}</ref> The park's former name references [[Roderick Haig-Brown]], a Canadian writer and conservationist.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{Official website|https://bcparks.ca/tsutswecw-park/}}
*{{BCGNIS|40100|Roderick Haig-Brown Park}}

{{British Columbia parks}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Parks in the Shuswap Country]]
[[Category:Provincial parks of British Columbia]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1977]]

{{BritishColumbia-park-stub}}

Garberville, California

2024-10-21T08:35:39Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ rv climate box to 8 June 2024, to remove unsourced edits

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement


| name = Garberville
| other_name =
| native_name =
| settlement_type = [[census-designated place]]
| image_skyline = Garberville CA Storefronts and Skyline.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Downtown Garberville has a retail district.
| motto =
| pushpin_map = California
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 200
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in California


| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt County]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =

| population_total = 818
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Garberville, CA Population">{{cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Garberville+CDP;+California |website=data.census.gov |access-date=5 May 2023}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto

| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 2.762
| area_land_sq_mi = 2.705
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.057
| area_total_km2 = 7.154
| area_land_km2 = 7.006
| area_water_km2 = 0.148
| area_water_percent = 2.1
| area_note =

| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
| utc_offset = -8
| timezone_DST = PDT
| utc_offset_DST = -7|

| established_title = 
| established_date =
| coordinates = {{coord|40|6|N|123|48|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|224036}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 163
| elevation_ft = 535

| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code = 95542
| area_code = [[area code 707|707]]
| blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank_info = 224036; 2611433
| website =
| footnotes = {{gnis|224036}}; {{gnis|2611433}}
| image_map = File:Humboldt County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Garberville Highlighted 0628154.svg
| map_caption = Location of Garberville in Humboldt County, California
| official_name =
}}

'''Garberville''' is a [[census-designated place]]<ref>{{gnis|2611433}}</ref> in [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt County]], [[California]].<ref name=gnis /> It is located on the South Fork of the [[Eel River (California)|Eel River]] {{convert|52|mi|km|0}} south-southeast of [[Eureka, California|Eureka]],<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|64}}</ref> at an elevation of {{convert|535|ft|m}}.<ref name=gnis /> The population was 913 at the [[2010 United States Census]]. It is approximately {{convert|200|mi|km}} north of [[San Francisco]], California, and within a fifteen-minute drive to [[Humboldt Redwoods State Park]] and a sixty-minute drive to [[Eureka, California|Eureka]], the county seat. Garberville is the primary town in the area known as the Mateel Region, consisting of parts of the [[Mattole River|Mattole]] and [[Eel River (California)|Eel River]] watersheds in southern Humboldt and northern [[Mendocino County|Mendocino]] counties.

==History==
Prior to recorded history, the area was populated by southern [[Eel River Athapaskan peoples|Sinkyone people]].<ref name="Golla2011">{{cite book|author=Victor Golla|title=California Indian Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MX1RtDR_gC0C&pg=PA79|date=2 August 2011|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-26667-4|pages=76–}}</ref>

In 1853, a Spanish explorer, Antone Garcia, settled in the area near Town Gulch, which runs through modern-day Garberville.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Place Names of Humboldt County, California|last = Turner|first = Dennis W. & Gloria H.|publisher = Dennis W. & Gloria H. Turner|year = 2010|isbn = 978-0-9629617-2-4|location = Orangevale, CA|pages = 105, 236|edition = 2nd}}</ref> The first post office in Garberville opened in 1874.<ref name="CGN" /> Jacob C. Garber, the town [[postmaster]], later named the town after himself<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n133 134]}}</ref><ref name="e podunk">{{cite web| url= http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=10194| title= Profile for Garberville, California, CA | publisher= epodunk.com| access-date = 9 May 2011}}</ref> in 1879.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gudde|first=Edwin G.|title=California place names: The origin and etymology of current geographical names|year=2004|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, California|isbn=0-520-24217-3|pages=140}}</ref>

==Geography==
Garberville is located at {{coord|40|06|01|N|123|47|42|W|type:city}}. The town is stretched out in a small forested valley bisected by [[U.S. Route 101]], at an elevation of {{convert|535|ft|m}}. The nearby [[King's Peak (California)|King's Peak]] rises to {{convert|4087|ft|m}}.

===Climate===
The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is ''[[Mediterranean climate|Csb]]'' (Mediterranean climate), characterized by cold, rainy winters and hot, dry summers.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=404740&cityname=Honeydew%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for closest city on record]</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Garberville, California
|single line = Yes

|Jan high F = 50
|Feb high F = 55
|Mar high F = 60
|Apr high F = 64
|May high F = 71
|Jun high F = 78
|Jul high F = 86
|Aug high F = 87
|Sep high F = 83
|Oct high F = 70
|Nov high F = 56
|Dec high F = 49
|year high F = 67
|Jan low F = 37
|Feb low F = 38
|Mar low F = 39
|Apr low F = 41
|May low F = 45
|Jun low F = 50
|Jul low F = 53
|Aug low F = 53
|Sep low F = 49
|Oct low F = 45
|Nov low F = 41
|Dec low F = 37
|year low F = 44
|Jan precipitation inch = 13.2
|Feb precipitation inch = 10.3
|Mar precipitation inch = 8.9
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.5
|May precipitation inch = 1.9
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.6
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.1
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.4
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.9
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.9
|Nov precipitation inch = 9.6
|Dec precipitation inch = 13.7
|year precipitation inch = 68
|source 1 = Weatherbase <ref name=Weatherbase>
{{cite web
|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=404740&cityname=Honeydew-California
|title =Weatherbase.com
|publisher=Weatherbase
|year=2013
}}
Retrieved on June 4, 2013.
</ref>
|date=June 2013
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 48
|2010= 913
|2020= 818
|footnote=US Census<ref name="DecennialCensus2020">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US0628154&y=2020.P1|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov}}</ref> U.S. Census 1880-1980,<ref name="1860Census">{{cite web|url=https://dof.ca.gov/reports/demographic-reports/|title=Population Totals by Township and Place for California Counties: 1860 to 1950|publisher=dof.ca.gov}}</ref>
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ Race and Ethnicity
! Racial and ethnic composition
! 2010<ref name=datacensus2010p2>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US0628154&y=2010&d=DEC+Redistricting+Data+(PL+94-171)&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=US Census Bureau|title=2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)}}</ref>
! 2020<ref name=datacensus2020p2>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US0628154&y=2020&d=DEC+Redistricting+Data+(PL+94-171)&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=US Census Bureau|title=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)}}</ref>
|-
! [[Non-Hispanic whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
| 85.76%
| 74.82%
|-
! [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino (of any race)]]
| 5.91%
| 10.39%
|-
! [[Multiracial American|Two or more races (non-Hispanic)]]
| 1.97%
| 7.7%
|-
! [[Asian American|Asian (non-Hispanic)]]
| 1.75%
| 2.44%
|-
! [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American (non-Hispanic)]]
| 3.18%
| 2.08%
|-
! Other (non-Hispanic)
| 0.11%
| 2.08%
|-
! [[African American|Black or African American (non-Hispanic)]]
| 1.31%
| 0.24%
|-
! [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic)]]
| 0.0%
| 0.24%
|}

The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0628154|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715025053/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0628154|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Garberville CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Garberville had a population of 913. The population density was {{convert|330.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Garberville was 815 (89.3%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 14 (1.5%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 29 (3.2%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 17 (1.9%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 7 (0.8%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 31 (3.4%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 54 persons (5.9%).

The Census reported that 785 people (86.0% of the population) lived in households, 128 (14.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 390 households, out of which 86 (22.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 102 (26.2%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 47 (12.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 33 (8.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 50 (12.8%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 5 (1.3%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 172 households (44.1%) were made up of individuals, and 49 (12.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01. There were 182 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (46.7% of all households); the average family size was 2.69.

The population was spread out, with 160 people (17.5%) under the age of 18, 85 people (9.3%) aged 18 to 24, 258 people (28.3%) aged 25 to 44, 285 people (31.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 125 people (13.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.2 males.

There were 434 housing units at an average density of {{convert|157.1|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}, of which 390 were occupied, of which 175 (44.9%) were owner-occupied, and 215 (55.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.3%. 388 people (42.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 397 people (43.5%) lived in rental housing units.

==Economy ==
Marijuana cultivation has replaced timber as the economic driver of Garberville and neighboring Redway. There is a Cannabis College in Garberville,<ref name="Vishva Samani">{{cite news | last= Samani | first= Vishva | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/9480322.stm| title= Blurred lines in California's cannabis capital| work= [[BBC News]] | date= 9 May 2011}}</ref> and the town has been called "the [[marijuana]] heartland of the U.S." by [[BBC News]].<ref name="Vishva Samani" />

[[Reggae on the River]], an annual music festival, is held near Garberville. Nearby, the 1925 Tudor Revival [[Benbow Inn]] is on the [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Humboldt County, California|National Register of Historic Places]].

The local economy has seen a fall as the years of cannabis legalization have seen most of the farmers of the 215 era leave and the influx of trimmigrants has dropped dramatically. Many businesses lie empty or boarded up. There is still some cannabis tourism but it is not the boon that it was once thought it would be due to regulations.

The [https://www.Ganjier.com Ganjier] program is located in Humboldt County which serves to train people in the art of cannabis assessment much like a sommelier in wine. Because of their program over 150 people travel to the Garberville area to visit farms, learn about assessing cannabis, and most important; they learn about regenerative farming and the community that still remains.

==Government==

===Politics===
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Garberville is in {{Representative|casd|2|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|2|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Garberville is in {{Representative|cacd|2|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|2|access-date=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

===Incorporation attempts===
A proposal to incorporate Garberville as a city<ref name = "Ringwald">{{Cite web | last =Ringwald | first =George | title = Garberville circa 2002: A visit to that town down south | url = http://www.northcoastjournal.com/122602/cover1226.html | publisher = North Coast Journal | date = December 26, 2002 | access-date = November 3, 2013 }}</ref> was dropped after county supervisors declined to form a Municipal Advisory Committee due to concerns over the associated costs. A group of local residents once attempted to qualify a "Sequoia County" initiative to secede from both Humboldt and Mendocino County with Garberville as the new county seat, although the campaign ended without gathering enough signatures.<ref name = "Ringwald" /> A local chapter of the [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] was formed in 2006.<ref>Kirk, Eric, [http://redwoodreality.blogspot.com/2006/08/sequoia-county-greens-to-meet-on.html Sequoia County Greens to meet on Friday], SoHum Parlance, August 20, 2006</ref>

==Education==
The Southern Humboldt Unified School District was created from 19 separate school districts in 1948<ref>[http://www.humboldt.k12.ca.us/sohumb_usd/school/ Southern Humboldt Unified School District], 2012</ref> and currently serves about 800 students in an area of {{convert|745|sqmi|km2}}.<ref name = "Ringwald" /> The district has five elementary, one middle school, one high school and one learning center.
* [[Redway School (Humboldt County)|Redway School]]<ref>[http://www.humboldt.k12.ca.us/sohumb_usd/redway/ Redway School], Southern Humboldt Unified School District, 2013</ref>
* Whitethorn School<ref>[http://www.humboldt.k12.ca.us/sohumb_usd/whitethorn/ Whitethorn School], Southern Humboldt Unified School District, 2013</ref>
* Agnes Johnson School<ref>[http://www.humboldt.k12.ca.us/sohumb_usd/ajj/ Agnes Johnson School], Southern Humboldt Unified School District, 2013</ref>
* Casterlin School<ref>[http://www.humboldt.k12.ca.us/sohumb_usd/casterlin/ Casterlin School], Southern Humboldt Unified School District, 2013</ref>
* Ettersburg School<ref>[http://www.humboldt.k12.ca.us/sohumb_usd/ettersburg/ Ettersburg School], Southern Humboldt Unified School District, 2013</ref>
* Miranda Junior High School
* [[South Fork High School (Miranda, California)|South Fork High School]]<ref>[http://www.humboldt.k12.ca.us/sohumb_usd/sfhs/ South Fork High School], Southern Humboldt Unified School District, 2013</ref>
* Osprey Learning Center<ref>[http://www.humboldt.k12.ca.us/sohumb_usd/osprey/ Osprey Learning Center], Southern Humboldt Unified School District, 2013</ref>

==Media==
Garberville is home to the weekly ''Redwood Times'', run by [[Media News Group]] as a sister publication of the daily ''[[Times-Standard]]'' from Eureka.<ref>[http://www.redwoodtimes.com/ Redwood Times], Media News Group, 2013</ref> A second weekly, the locally owned ''Humboldt Independent'',<ref name = "Ringwald" /> was founded in 1997 and closed in 2024.<ref>{{cite news |first=Kym |last=Kemp |url=https://kymkemp.com/2024/08/20/the-humboldt-independent-to-print-final-edition-after-27-years-of-serving-southern-humboldt/ |title=The Humboldt Independent to Print Final Edition After 27 Years of Serving Southern Humboldt |website=Redheaded Blackbelt |date=August 20, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Lester |last=Black |url=https://www.sfgate.com/cannabis/article/humboldt-independent-garberville-shuttering-19715690.php |title='On the ropes': Northern California weekly newspaper to shutter after 27 years |website=SFGate |date=August 22, 2024 }}</ref> Redwood Community Radio, [[KMUD]], broadcasts from Garberville at 91.1 FM.<ref>[http://www.kmud.org/ KMUD-FM], Redwood Community Radio Organization, 2013</ref>

==Infrastructure==

===Transportation===
[[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] bypasses the town, with exits 639 and 642 at Garberville and Redway, respectively.

[[Humboldt Transit Authority]] serves from Garberville as far north as [[Trinidad, California|Trinidad]].

The [[Amtrak Thruway#7|Amtrak Thruway 7]] bus provides daily connections to/from Garberville (with a curbside stop at 924 Redwood Drive), [[Martinez station|Martinez]] to the south, and [[Arcata, California|Arcata]] to the north. Additional [[Amtrak]] connections are available from Martinez station.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://amtraksanjoaquins.com/route-7/ | title=Route 7 }}</ref>

[[Garberville Airport]] is a public airport located {{convert|2|mi|km}} southwest of town.<ref>[http://northcoastaviation.com/garberville/garberville_west.htm Webcams and AWOS screen at Garberville Airport]</ref>

===Utilities===
Garberville's [[ZIP Code]] is 95542.<ref>[http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp USPS ZIP Code lookup tool] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122200027/http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp |date=2010-11-22 }}</ref> The community is inside [[area code 707]].<ref>[http://www.nanpa.com/area_code_maps/display.html?ca Area Code Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724080649/http://nanpa.com/area_code_maps/display.html?ca |date=2013-07-24 }}, NANPA, 2013</ref>

The Garberville Fire Protection District, has three engines and a utility truck, self-contained breathing apparatuses and radios.<ref name = "GFPD">[http://humboldtlafco.org/sites/default/files/msr/Garberville%20FPD%20Adopted%20MSR%20September%202008.pdf Garberville Fire Protection District Municipal Service Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812013535/http://humboldtlafco.org/sites/default/files/msr/Garberville%20FPD%20Adopted%20MSR%20September%202008.pdf |date=2014-08-12 }}, September 2008, Humboldt Local Agency Formation Commission</ref> The Garberville Water Company supplies drinking water to residents and maintains 27 fire hydrants on its water lines.<ref name = "GFPD" /> The Garberville Sanitary District is not the same as the water company, but provides sewers in the core of the fire district.<ref name = "GFPD" /> Some releases of water have contained one or more toxins.<ref>[http://projects.nytimes.com/toxic-waters/contaminants/ca/humboldt/ca1210008-garberville-sanitary-district Garberville Sanitary District], Toxic Waters, New York Times, March 2010</ref>

===Health care===
The Jerold Phelps Community Hospital<ref name = "Ringwald" /> is administered by the Southern Humboldt Community Healthcare District.<ref name="www.shchd.org">{{Cite web | title = Jerold Phelps Community Hospital | url = http://www.shchd.org/ | publisher = Hospital Southern Humboldt Community Healthcare District | year = 2013 | access-date = 3 November 2013 }}</ref>

Garberville recently added a local pharmacy at the top of Sprowl Creek Road and they are working on adding a clinic at the same location.

Redwoods Rural provides health and dental care to local residents.

==Notable residents==

*Major League Baseball player [[Marshall Brant]] was born in Garberville.<ref>[https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/brantma01.shtml Marshall Lee Brant], BaseballReference.com, USA Today, 2013</ref>

==See also==
* {{portal-inline|California}}
* [[Avenue of the Giants]]
* [[Eel River Athapaskan traditional narratives]]
* [[Sequoia County, California#Emerald City|Emerald City, California]]
{{commons category|Garberville, California}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* https://www.elevatethemagic.com
* [http://www.garberville.org/ Garberville-Redway Area Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.garbervilletheatre.com/history.htm Garberville Theatre], history and photographs
*

==Further reading==
* Schneider, Keith [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/26/us/garberville-journal-marijuana-once-reigned-as-the-king.html Garberville Journal; Marijuana Once Reigned as the King], New York Times, January 26, 1988

{{Humboldt County, California}}
{{Eel River}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Humboldt County, California]]
[[Category:Cannabis culture]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in California]]

Portola, California

2024-10-21T08:33:08Z

Hike395: rv back to climate data as of 14 May 2024, to remove unsourced edits

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{distinguish|Portola Valley, California}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = City of Portola
|settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
|image_skyline = File:A Strange Steam Engine in Portola - 2 Photos (26733443444).jpg
|imagesize = 250x200px
|image_caption = [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific]] trains in Portola
|image_seal =
|image_map = Plumas_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Portola_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location in [[Plumas County, California|Plumas County]] and the state of [[California]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
| pushpin_relief = 1
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[County (United States)|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Plumas County, California|Plumas]]
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date = May 16, 1946<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|title=California Cities by Incorporation Date
|format=Word
|publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
|access-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|archive-date=November 3, 2014 }}</ref>

|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 5.41
| area_land_sq_mi = 5.41
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00
| area_total_km2 = 14.00
| area_land_km2 = 14.00
| area_water_km2 = 0.00
| area_water_percent = 0
| area_note =
|elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1659425|Portola|access-date=December 30, 2014}}</ref>
|elevation_ft = 4856
|elevation_m = 1480
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Portola, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Portola%20city,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=April 12, 2024}}</ref>
|population_total = 2100
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|coordinates = {{coord|39|48|37|N|120|28|11|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 96122, 96129
|area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code = [[Area code 530|530]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = {{FIPS|06|58352}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|1659425}}, {{GNIS 4|2411473}}
|website = {{URL|www.ci.portola.ca.us}}
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
}}

'''Portola''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ɔr|ˈ|t|əʊ|l|ə}} {{respell|por|TOH|lə}}) is the only incorporated city in [[Plumas County, California]], United States. The population was 2,104 at the 2010 census, down from 2,227 at the 2000 census. Portola is located on the Middle Fork of the [[Feather River]] and was named after Spanish explorer [[Gaspar de Portolá]],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=405lAAAAIBAJ&pg=775%2C5627048 | title=Over the Sierra | work=Indian Valley Record | date=May 30, 1940 | access-date=May 7, 2015 | author=Brown, Thomas P. | pages=3}}</ref> although he did not explore this area.

Portola is a crew change site on the [[Western Pacific Railroad]] (now [[Union Pacific Railroad]]) Feather River Route over the [[Sierra Nevada]]. The city is also home to the [[Western Pacific Railroad Museum]] (formerly Portola Railroad Museum), one of the largest railroad museums in the Western United States. The museum is famous for its Run A Locomotive program, where the public can participate in a "fantasy experience" program allowing them to run a railroad locomotive on the museum grounds. The railroad tradition also extends to a yearly local event called “Railroad Days”.

Portola was in the national media spotlight in 1996–1997 when a conflict occurred between the local community and the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|Department of Fish and Game]] over how to deal with an invasive species of [[northern pike]] in [[Lake Davis]]. The lake was chemically treated in 1997 to eradicate the fish, but they reappeared in 1999. In early September 2007, the California Department of Fish and Game eradicated the pike<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 19, 2007|title=Lake Davis Pike Eradication Project Update|url=http://www.dfg.ca.gov/lakedavis/projectupdate.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030094811/http://www.dfg.ca.gov/lakedavis/projectupdate.html|archive-date=October 30, 2007|access-date=November 17, 2020|website=California Department of Fish and Game}}</ref> using CFT Legumine, a new liquid formulation of [[rotenone]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 2008|title=2007 Lake Davis Pike Eradication Project: Short-Term Impacts on the Local Economy and Real Estate Values|url=http://www.dfg.ca.gov/lakedavis/econ-report/LakeDavisEconomicReport.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411144108/http://www.dfg.ca.gov/lakedavis/econ-report/LakeDavisEconomicReport.pdf|archive-date=April 11, 2009|access-date=November 17, 2020|website=California Department of Fish and Game}}</ref>

The town of Portola, California, sits along both sides of the middle fork of the Feather River, in Plumas County, on the upper eastern part of northern California. Portola lies off the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada. The local landscape is best described as being part of the Feather River drainage, which flows westward down the Feather River Canyon.

==Geography and climate==
[[File:Retrat_Gaspar_de_Portolà_(Lleida).jpg|thumb|left|The city of Portola is named after [[Gaspar de Portolá]], first [[Governor of the Californias]] and leader of the [[Portolá expedition]].]]
Portola is located at {{coord|39.810151|-120.469843|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=inline}}.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|5.4|sqmi|km2}}, all of it land.

Portola lies on the [[Middle Fork of the Feather River]] in the [[Sierra Nevada]] mountain range. The headwaters of the Middle Fork of the Feather River originate just east of Portola in [[Sierra Valley]], near [[Beckwourth, California|Beckwourth]].<ref>[http://www.fs.usda.gov/detailfull/plumas/about-forest/?cid=stelprdb5097323 Plumas National Forest - About the Forest]</ref>

Lake Davis is located approximately {{convert|6|mi|km}} north of Portola, and is a popular fishing and camping location. About {{convert|15|mi|km}} to the west and southwest of Portola, [[Plumas-Eureka State Park]] and Lakes Basin Recreation Area feature granite peaks, glacial lakes, streams, and temperate coniferous forests, which make them popular destinations for outdoor enthusiasts.<ref>[http://www.chamberorganizer.com/easternplumaschamber/mem_plumas-eureka Plumas Eureka State Park Association - Blairsden, CA]</ref><ref>[http://plumascounty.org/Communities/LakesBasin.htm Communities: Lakes Basin, Plumas County Northern California]</ref>

Being on the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada, Portola has a [[continental Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dsb'') with dry summers characterized by extreme [[diurnal temperature variation|diurnal temperature swings]], and cold (though not severe) and snowy winters. Frosts occur on 218 mornings per year. Extreme cold is rare and temperatures below {{convert|0|F|C|1|}} are observed on only 2.6 mornings per winter in an average year.<ref name="NOAA">[http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/ca/047085.pdf Climatography of the United States No. 20 – Station: PORTOLA, CA (047085)]</ref> During the summer, daytime temperatures of {{convert|100|F|C|1|}} are reached on average only once every two years.<ref name="NOAA"/>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Portola, California (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1915–present)
| Jan record high F = 68
| Feb record high F = 72
| Mar record high F = 80
| Apr record high F = 86
| May record high F = 94
| Jun record high F = 110
| Jul record high F = 110
| Aug record high F = 107
| Sep record high F = 100
| Oct record high F = 92
| Nov record high F = 82
| Dec record high F = 72
| year record high F =
| Jan high F = 43.0
| Feb high F = 46.0
| Mar high F = 51.6
| Apr high F = 57.7
| May high F = 67.0
| Jun high F = 77.2
| Jul high F = 86.4
| Aug high F = 85.2
| Sep high F = 78.8
| Oct high F = 66.4
| Nov high F = 52.5
| Dec high F = 42.1
| year high F = 62.8
| Jan mean F = 31.1
| Feb mean F = 33.7
| Mar mean F = 38.4
| Apr mean F = 43.4
| May mean F = 51.0
| Jun mean F = 58.7
| Jul mean F = 65.5
| Aug mean F = 63.9
| Sep mean F = 58.0
| Oct mean F = 48.1
| Nov mean F = 38.3
| Dec mean F = 30.7
| year mean F = 46.7
| Jan low F = 19.3
| Feb low F = 21.4
| Mar low F = 25.3
| Apr low F = 29.1
| May low F = 35.1
| Jun low F = 40.1
| Jul low F = 44.6
| Aug low F = 42.6
| Sep low F = 37.1
| Oct low F = 29.7
| Nov low F = 24.1
| Dec low F = 19.4
| year low F = 30.7
| Jan record low F = -24
| Feb record low F = -21
| Mar record low F = -12
| Apr record low F = 3
| May record low F = 13
| Jun record low F = 20
| Jul record low F = 22
| Aug record low F = 19
| Sep record low F = 12
| Oct record low F = 3
| Nov record low F = -6
| Dec record low F = -28
| year record low F =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 4.16
| Feb precipitation inch = 3.93
| Mar precipitation inch = 3.57
| Apr precipitation inch = 1.55
| May precipitation inch = 1.15
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.52
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.34
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.30
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.44
| Oct precipitation inch = 1.07
| Nov precipitation inch = 2.03
| Dec precipitation inch = 4.28
| year precipitation inch = 23.34
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 8.7
| Feb precipitation days = 8.5
| Mar precipitation days = 8.1
| Apr precipitation days = 6.0
| May precipitation days = 5.7
| Jun precipitation days = 2.6
| Jul precipitation days = 1.0
| Aug precipitation days = 1.2
| Sep precipitation days = 1.8
| Oct precipitation days = 3.5
| Nov precipitation days = 6.2
| Dec precipitation days = 8.4
| year precipitation days = 61.7
| Jan snow inch = 11.7
| Feb snow inch = 7.6
| Mar snow inch = 6.4
| Apr snow inch = 1.8
| May snow inch = 0.2
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.1
| Oct snow inch = 0.4
| Nov snow inch = 2.4
| Dec snow inch = 7.2
| year snow inch = 37.8
| unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jan snow days = 1.9
| Feb snow days = 1.7
| Mar snow days = 1.5
| Apr snow days = 0.7
| May snow days = 0.2
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.1
| Oct snow days = 0.2
| Nov snow days = 1.0
| Dec snow days = 2.2
| year snow days = 9.5
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="NOWData">{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=rev
|title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = December 9, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NCEI">{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00047085&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = December 9, 2023}}</ref>
}}
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1950= 2261
|1960= 1874
|1970= 1625
|1980= 1885
|1990= 2193
|2000= 2227
|2010= 2104
|estyear=2019
|estimate=1930
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0658352|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715040256/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0658352|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Portola city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Portola had a population of 2,104. The population density was {{convert|389.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Portola was 1,762 (83.7%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 13 (0.6%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 54 (2.6%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 12 (0.6%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 198 (9.4%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 64 (3.0%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 342 persons (16.3%).

The Census reported that 2,080 people (98.9% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 24 (1.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 887 households, out of which 278 (31.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 378 (42.6%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 114 (12.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 53 (6.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 68 (7.7%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 4 (0.5%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 286 households (32.2%) were made up of individuals, and 113 (12.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34. There were 545 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (61.4% of all households); the average family size was 2.92.

The population was spread out, with 502 people (23.9%) under the age of 18, 198 people (9.4%) aged 18 to 24, 462 people (22.0%) aged 25 to 44, 638 people (30.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 304 people (14.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

There were 1,134 housing units at an average density of {{convert|209.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 482 (54.3%) were owner-occupied, and 405 (45.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 6.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 21.0%. 1,156 people (54.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 924 people (43.9%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 2,227 people, 899 households, and 595 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|994.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,008 housing units at an average density of {{convert|450.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 86.21% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.45% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2.65% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.08% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.09% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 5.84% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.68% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 11.81% of the population.

There were 899 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 29.5% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,103, and the median income for a family was $35,156. Males had a median income of $32,159 versus $21,157 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,734. About 14.5% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 28.7% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
The city is governed by a five-member council. Council members serve staggered four-year terms. The council chooses the mayor and mayor pro tem.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.ci.portola.ca.us/portola-city-council.htm
| title = Portola City Council
| publisher = City of Portola
| access-date = December 30, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141231031123/http://www.ci.portola.ca.us/portola-city-council.htm
| archive-date = December 31, 2014
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

In the [[California State Legislature]], Portola is in {{Representative|casd|1|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|1|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Portola is in {{Representative|cacd|1|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|1|access-date=March 3, 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.plumasnews.com Portola Reporter - Local newspaper]
* [http://www.wplives.org/ Feather River Rail Society]
* [http://www.wplives.org/ Western Pacific Railroad Museum at Portola]
* [http://www.railroadinfo.com/triprprt/feather_02.html Article about the Portola Railroad Museum]
* http://www.portolarailroaddays.com
* http://www.discoverplumascounty.com
* https://www.easternplumaschamber.com

{{Plumas County, California}}
{{Sierra Nevada}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Plumas County, California|Portola]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California|Portola]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Sierra Nevada (United States)]]
[[Category:1946 establishments in California|Portola]]

Tioga Pass

2024-10-21T08:29:42Z

Hike395: Restored revision 1191593060 by Hike395 (talk): Rv unsourced changes to climate table

{{Short description|Mountain pass in the American state of California}}
{{Infobox mountain pass
| name = Tioga Pass
| photo = Tioga Pass.png
| photo_caption = The [[Tioga Pass Entrance Station]] to [[Yosemite National Park]]
| map = California
| map_caption = Location in [[California]]
| map_relief = yes
| elevation_ft = 9,945
| elevation_ref = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|255154}}</ref>
| traversed = {{jct|state=CA|SR|120}}
| location = [[Mono County, California|Mono]] / [[Tuolumne County, California|Tuolumne]] counties, [[California]], [[United States]]
| range = [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]]
| coordinates = {{coord|37|54|40|N|119|15|29|W |region:US-CA_type:pass |display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|255154}}</ref>
| topo = [[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] Tioga Pass
}}
'''Tioga Pass''' is a [[mountain pass]] in the [[Sierra Nevada|Sierra Nevada mountain range]] of [[California]]. [[State Route 120 (California)|State Route 120]] runs through it, and serves as the eastern entry point for [[Yosemite National Park]], at the [[Tioga Pass Entrance Station]]. It is the highest elevation highway pass in California and in the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of {{convert|9,945|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=gnis/><ref>{{cite web|title=Tioga Pass in California|url=http://www.allmammoth.com/scenic_drives/tioga_pass.php|publisher=AllTrips|access-date=2012-04-21}}</ref> [[Mount Dana]] is to the east of the pass, and [[Gaylor Peak]] to the west.

==Etymology==
Tioga Pass is named after Tioga Mine, whose name came from the [[Tioga River (Chemung River)|Tioga River]] in New York: ''Tioga'' is an [[Iroquois]] and [[Mohawk language|Mohawk]] term meaning "where it forks".{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

==Description==
This pass, like many other passes in the Sierra Nevada, has a gradual approach from the west and drops off to the east dramatically, losing more than {{convert|3000|ft|m|abbr=on}} by the time the road reaches [[U.S. Route 395 (California)|U.S. Route 395]].

The pass is subject to winter closure due to high snowfall, normally from around the end of October until the end of May the following year, though these dates are subject to considerable variation. In heavy snow years, the road has closed in early October, and has remained closed as late as late July. In light snow years, the road may remain open until December and open as early as April.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/tiogaopen.htm |title=Tioga Road Opening & Closing Dates |publisher=National Park Service| access-date=May 8, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monobasinresearch.org/data/tiogapass.htm |title=Tioga Pass Road Opening and Closing Dates | publisher=Mono Basin Clearing House| access-date=May 8, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dot.ca.gov/travel/winter-driving-tips|title=Winter Driving Tips|publisher=Caltrans|accessdate=January 2, 2023}}</ref>

Tioga Pass is the most direct route from [[Bishop, California|Bishop]] or [[Mammoth Lakes, California]] to [[Fresno, California|Fresno]], [[Merced, California|Merced]], and [[Stockton, California|Stockton]]. There are four highway passes to the north, between [[Yosemite]] and [[Lake Tahoe]], but none to the south for about {{convert|200|mi|km|abbr=on}}, until [[Sherman Pass (California)|Sherman Pass]] in southern [[Tulare County, California|Tulare County]].

The pass is on the [[Great Basin Divide]], which demarcates the [[Great Basin]], which is the largest contiguous area of [[endorheic basin]]s in North America.

==Recreation==
There are several trailheads into the Yosemite backcountry which begin at Tioga Pass, including the trail to the [[Gaylor Lakes]] to the west/northwest, and the trail to the summit of Mount Dana. [[Dana Meadows (California)|Dana Meadows]] is immediately south of the pass alongside the highway, as the pass itself is roughly angled north–south as opposed to east–west. Dana Meadows contains several small lakes.

A popular recreation and camping area exists just north of the summit of the pass at [[Tioga Lake]]. It is in the [[Inyo National Forest]].

Less than 7 miles to the southwest of the pass, inside Yosemite National Park, is [[Tuolumne Meadows]]. The [[Pacific Crest Trail]] passes through, and it crosses the highway here.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
|location = Tioga Pass, California (1981–2010)
|single line = Y

|Jan high F = 34.2
|Feb high F = 34.6
|Mar high F = 39.0
|Apr high F = 43.4
|May high F = 49.3
|Jun high F = 57.4
|Jul high F = 66.7
|Aug high F = 66.1
|Sep high F = 59.2
|Oct high F = 49.4
|Nov high F = 40.9
|Dec high F = 35.9
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 22.0
|Feb mean F = 22.1
|Mar mean F = 26.1
|Apr mean F = 30.6
|May mean F = 37.1
|Jun mean F = 45.0
|Jul mean F = 54.1
|Aug mean F = 52.5
|Sep mean F = 46.8
|Oct mean F = 38.1
|Nov mean F = 29.9
|Dec mean F = 24.5
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 10.0
|Feb low F = 9.7
|Mar low F = 13.0
|Apr low F = 17.9
|May low F = 24.9
|Jun low F = 32.6
|Jul low F = 41.5
|Aug low F = 40.8
|Sep low F = 34.4
|Oct low F = 26.8
|Nov low F = 18.9
|Dec low F = 13.2
|year low F =

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 4.23
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.97
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.14
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.81
|May precipitation inch = 1.09
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.71
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.75
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.67
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.72
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.34
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.81
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.84
|year precipitation inch=
|Jan snow inch = 37.8
|Feb snow inch = 43.8
|Mar snow inch = 35.4
|Apr snow inch = 31.6
|May snow inch = 6.1
|Jun snow inch = 2.5
|Jul snow inch = 0.4
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.8
|Oct snow inch = 7.5
|Nov snow inch = 17.3
|Dec snow inch = 40.9
|year snow inch =
|source = WRCC <ref>{{cite web|title=Climate in Tioga Pass, California|publisher=WRCC|url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca2756}}</ref>
}}

==Wildlife==
Some of the wildlife in the area include birds of prey, [[marmot]]s, [[bobcat]]s, and occasionally [[bighorn sheep]] can be seen.

== See also ==
* [[Sonora Pass]]
* [[List of mountain passes in California]]
* [[Tioga Lake]]
* [[Tioga Peak]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Commons and category inline}}
*[http://www.yosemitehikes.com/tioga-road/yosemite-tioga-road.htm Tioga Pass Road Hiking Trails]
*[http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/roadinfo/sr120 Tioga Pass Status from CalTrans]

{{Yosemite National Park}}
{{Sierra Nevada}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mountain passes of California]]
[[Category:Mountain passes of the Sierra Nevada (United States)]]
[[Category:Landforms of Yosemite National Park]]
[[Category:Landforms of Mono County, California]]
[[Category:Landforms of Tuolumne County, California]]
[[Category:Transportation in Mono County, California]]
[[Category:Transportation in Tuolumne County, California]]
[[Category:Inyo National Forest]]

Sonora Pass

2024-10-21T08:28:16Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ for now, revert back to climate data as of 20 November 2023, to remove unsourced edits. Pending further verification

{{Short description|Mountain pass in the Sierra Nevada in California}}
{{Infobox mountain pass
| name = Sonora Pass
| photo = Sonora Pass on California Route 108.jpg
| photo_caption =
| map = California
| map_caption = Location in [[California]]
| map_relief = yes
| elevation_ft = 9,624
| elevation_ref =
| traversed = {{jct|state=CA|CA|108}}
| location = [[Mono County, California|Mono]] / [[Tuolumne County, California|Tuolumne]] / [[Alpine County, California|Alpine]] counties, [[California]], [[United States]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topoquest.com/map.php?lat=38.32769&lon=-119.63684&datum=nad83&zoom=8&map=auto&coord=d&mode=zoomin&size=l|title=Sonora Pass, CA|work=USGS Quad maps|publisher=TopoQuest.com|accessdate=2008-09-20}}</ref>
| range = [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]]
| coordinates = {{coord|38|19|40|N|119|38|9|W|type:pass|display=inline,title}}
| topo =
}}

'''Sonora Pass''' (el. 9,624 ft. / 2,933 m.) is a [[mountain pass]] in the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] in [[California]]. It is the second-highest pass with a road in California and in the Sierra Nevada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sierranevadaphotos.com/geography/roads/index.asp#108|title=Highways and Major Roads Through the Sierra Nevada|publisher=Sierra Nevada Photos|access-date=2008-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517003138/http://www.sierranevadaphotos.com/geography/roads/index.asp#108|archive-date=2009-05-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is {{convert|321|ft|m}} lower than [[Tioga Pass]] to the south.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sierranevadaphotos.com/geography/roads/index.asp#120|title=Highways and Major Roads Through the Sierra Nevada|publisher=Sierra Nevada Photos|access-date=2008-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517003138/http://www.sierranevadaphotos.com/geography/roads/index.asp#120|archive-date=2009-05-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[California State Route 108|State Route 108]] traverses the pass, as does the [[Pacific Crest Trail]].
[[File:Sonora Pass Sign Eastbound.JPG|thumb|Pass sign, eastbound]]
[[File:Sonora pass from near Wheeler Peak.jpg|thumb|Sonora pass with fresh snow as seen from near Wheeler Peak]]

==Description==
The pass connects the communities of [[Sonora, California|Sonora]] to the west and [[Bridgeport, California|Bridgeport]] to the east. Like [[Ebbetts Pass]] to the north and [[Tioga Pass]] to the south, the highway closes during winter, generally between November and May, due to snow accumulation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dot.ca.gov/travel/winter-driving-tips|title=Winter Driving Tips|publisher=Caltrans|accessdate=2023-01-02}}</ref>

The highway over the pass is extremely steep (exceeding 8% for most of the traverse, and up to 26% grades in some locations), narrow and winding between Kennedy Meadows on the west side and Leavitt Meadows on the east; unlike most Sierra Nevada road passes, the approach from the west is steep just like the eastern approach. The route is not recommended for vehicles or vehicle combinations that are unusually wide, heavy or long.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webs.lanset.com/rcochran/images/steep.jpg|title=Picture of advisory sign on State Route 108|accessdate=2008-09-20}}</ref>

[[File:20040626-1033-0476-SonoraPass-CA.jpg|right|thumb|View of the Sierra Nevada range and [[Sonora Peak]] looking northward from Sonora Pass.]] The [[Pacific Crest Trail]], a 2,650 mile (4,240 km) long [[National Scenic Trail]], crosses Highway 108 at Sonora Pass.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topoquest.com/map.php?lat=38.32769&lon=-119.63684&datum=nad83&zoom=8&map=auto&coord=d&mode=zoomin&size=l|title=Sonora Pass, CA|work=USGS Quad maps|publisher=TopoQuest.com|accessdate=2008-09-20}}</ref>

Adjacent to the Pass is a picnic/parking area, which serves as a day-use rest stop or a trailhead for hikes to nearby [[Sonora Peak]], Wolf Creek Lake, and other spots north or south along the Pacific Crest Trail.

== History ==
The first documented immigrant traverse of Sonora Pass appears to have been in the late summer of 1852 by a wagon train known as the Clark-Skidmore Company. Subsequently, merchant interests in the communities of Sonora and Columbia promoted the route to California-bound immigrants, not always with happy results when immigrants discovered how difficult it was.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~crow2000/sonorapass1.htm |title=Sonora Pass |access-date=2008-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725023829/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~crow2000/sonorapass1.htm |archive-date=July 25, 2008 }}</ref> There are some references indicating the earliest immigrant crossing was in 1841 by the [[Bartleson-Bidwell Party]], but the U.S. Forest Service indicates they crossed north of Sonora Pass in the Carson-Iceberg area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/stanislaus/visitor/carson.shtml|title=Recreation Activities: Carson-Iceberg Wilderness|publisher=US Forest Service|accessdate=2008-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schweich.com/geoCAMnoSonoraPass.html|title=Sonora Pass, Mono County, California.|accessdate=2008-09-20}}</ref>

With the discovery of deposits and development of silver and gold mining east of the Sierra Nevada in the beginning of the 1860s, merchant interests in the counties on both sides of the pass pushed for development of a road that would enable them to improve transportation and trade. Surveying for a road through Sonora Pass began in 1863 and the road was in use by 1865.<ref>{{cite book|last=Farquhar|first=Francis Peloubet|title=History of the Sierra Nevada|publisher=University of California Press|year=1965|isbn=0-520-01551-7|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofsierran00farq|url-access=registration|quote=sonora pass railroad.|accessdate=2008-09-20|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofsierran00farq/page/102 102]}}</ref>

In the 1880s the [[California and Nevada Railroad]] and its predecessor, the California and Mount Diablo Railroad, proposed to run a [[narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge railroad]] over Sonora Pass with a line running from Emeryville - Stockton and then connecting with the [[Denver and Rio Grande Railroad]] in Utah. The railroad never built track beyond the San Francisco Bay Area.

The [[Baker Highway Maintenance Station]], on 108 to the west of the summit, kept the road open during the summer; it is closed in the winter, and is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

== In popular media==

In 1935, MGM Art Director [[David Townsend (art director)|David Townsend]] was killed when the car he was riding in left the road at Sonora Pass. Lowell L. Ralph, Mrs. Lottie Mundello, and Miss Agnes McMullen survived after being thrown from the car. They were there scouting filming locations for the upcoming film [[Robin Hood of El Dorado (film)]].

In 1943, the location scenes for the mountainous hideout of the Republican Spanish guerilla band in [[For Whom the Bell Tolls (film)|For Whom the Bell Tolls]] were filmed here.
{{Commons}}

==Climate==

According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Sonora Pass has a warm-summer mediterranean [[continental climate]], abbreviated "Dsb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Sonora Pass was {{convert|90|F|C|1}} on July 18, 1988, while the coldest temperature recorded was {{convert|-16|F|C|1}} on February 5, 1989.<ref name = NOWData></ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Sonora Pass, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1983–present
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Yes

|Jan record high F = 58
|Feb record high F = 60
|Mar record high F = 61
|Apr record high F = 71
|May record high F = 79
|Jun record high F = 84
|Jul record high F = 90
|Aug record high F = 85
|Sep record high F = 81
|Oct record high F = 75
|Nov record high F = 65
|Dec record high F = 56

|Jan avg record high F = 51.3
|Feb avg record high F = 50.7
|Mar avg record high F = 54.6
|Apr avg record high F = 60.3
|May avg record high F = 66.9
|Jun avg record high F = 75.4
|Jul avg record high F = 79.9
|Aug avg record high F = 77.8
|Sep avg record high F = 73.4
|Oct avg record high F = 66.9
|Nov avg record high F = 57.6
|Dec avg record high F = 50.1
|year avg record high F = 80.5

|Jan high F = 37.1
|Feb high F = 36.7
|Mar high F = 41.2
|Apr high F = 45.7
|May high F = 53.5
|Jun high F = 63.5
|Jul high F = 71.6
|Aug high F = 70.5
|Sep high F = 63.5
|Oct high F = 53.1
|Nov high F = 43.0
|Dec high F = 36.3
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 28.3
|Feb mean F = 27.5
|Mar mean F = 31.0
|Apr mean F = 34.9
|May mean F = 42.4
|Jun mean F = 51.1
|Jul mean F = 58.7
|Aug mean F = 57.8
|Sep mean F = 51.5
|Oct mean F = 42.3
|Nov mean F = 33.7
|Dec mean F = 27.7
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 19.5
|Feb low F = 18.2
|Mar low F = 20.9
|Apr low F = 24.1
|May low F = 31.2
|Jun low F = 38.5
|Jul low F = 45.7
|Aug low F = 45.0
|Sep low F = 39.6
|Oct low F = 31.5
|Nov low F = 24.3
|Dec low F = 19.1
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 1.2
|Feb avg record low F = 1.8
|Mar avg record low F = 5.2
|Apr avg record low F = 8.6
|May avg record low F = 18.0
|Jun avg record low F = 25.6
|Jul avg record low F = 35.8
|Aug avg record low F = 35.6
|Sep avg record low F = 27.0
|Oct avg record low F = 16.3
|Nov avg record low F = 6.1
|Dec avg record low F = 0.7
|year avg record low F = -4.1

|Jan record low F = -22
|Feb record low F = -16
|Mar record low F = -12
|Apr record low F = -3
|May record low F = 5
|Jun record low F = 14
|Jul record low F = 23
|Aug record low F = 24
|Sep record low F = 18
|Oct record low F = 0
|Nov record low F = -12
|Dec record low F = -25

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 6.44
|Feb precipitation inch = 5.72
|Mar precipitation inch = 5.49
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.00
|May precipitation inch = 1.77
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.67
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.77
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.51
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.70
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.94
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.34
|Dec precipitation inch = 5.73
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 10.3
|Feb precipitation days = 11.0
|Mar precipitation days = 12.0
|Apr precipitation days = 10.1
|May precipitation days = 6.7
|Jun precipitation days = 3.1
|Jul precipitation days = 2.3
|Aug precipitation days = 2.4
|Sep precipitation days = 3.2
|Oct precipitation days = 4.7
|Nov precipitation days = 8.0
|Dec precipitation days = 10.2

|Jan snow depth inch = 54.2
|Feb snow depth inch = 66.9
|Mar snow depth inch = 79.0
|Apr snow depth inch = 70.2
|May snow depth inch = 44.4
|Jun snow depth inch = 11.5
|Jul snow depth inch = 0.0
|Aug snow depth inch = 0.0
|Sep snow depth inch = 0.4
|Oct snow depth inch = 3.1
|Nov snow depth inch = 16.5
|Dec snow depth inch = 35.5
|year snow depth inch = 83.2

|source 1 = National Weather Service (snow depth 2006–2020)<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=rev
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Reno
|access-date = February 23, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sierra Nevada|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Landforms of Mono County, California]]
[[Category:Mountain passes of the Sierra Nevada (United States)]]
[[Category:Transportation in Tuolumne County, California]]
[[Category:Landforms of Tuolumne County, California]]
[[Category:Transportation in Mono County, California]]

Sierraville, California

2024-10-21T08:26:42Z

Hike395: for now, revert back to climate data from Mar 2023 to remove unsourced edits. Pending further verification

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Sierraville
|settlement_type = [[census-designated place]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline = Sierraville 1.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Sierraville
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|pushpin_map = California#USA


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Sierra County, California|Sierra]]


|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =


|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref =US
| area_footnotes = <ref>[https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt U.S. Census] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |date=2012-01-25 }}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 5.021
| area_land_sq_mi = 5.020
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.001
| area_total_km2 = 13.004
| area_land_km2 = 13.002
| area_water_km2 = 0.002
| area_water_percent = 0.02
| area_note =


|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Sierraville, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Sierraville%20CDP,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref>
|population_total = 239
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|1660231}}</ref>
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 4957
|coordinates = {{coord|39|35|23|N|120|22|03|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}


|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 96126
|area_code = [[Area code 530|530]]
|blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank_info = 1660231; 2583141
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes = {{gnis|1660231}}; {{gnis|2583141}}
}}

'''Sierraville''' (''Sierra'', [[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "mountain range" and ''Ville'', [[French language|French]] for "town") is a [[census-designated place]]<ref>{{gnis|2583141}}</ref> in [[Sierra County, California|Sierra County]], [[California]], United States.<ref name=gnis/> It is at the southern end of the huge [[Sierra Valley]] which is used primarily as pasture and is also at the junction of [[California State Route 49]] and [[California State Route 89]] southwest of [[Loyalton, California|Loyalton]]. Sierraville has a [[post office]] with [[ZIP code]] 96126.<ref>[http://www.zipinfo.com/cgi-local/zipsrch.exe?cnty=cnty&zip=96126&Go=Go ZIP Code Lookup]</ref> The post office opened under the name Sierra Valley in 1862 and became known as the Sierraville post office in 1899.<ref name="Durham">{{cite book|last=Durham|first=David L. |title=California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State|publisher=Quill Driver Books|year=1998|pages=555|isbn=1-884995-14-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfa0hmE7yocC&dq=Adelaida&pg=PA586}}</ref> The population was 200 as of the 2010 census.

It is the site of the only traffic signal (a flashing red light) in Sierra County. In the winter of 2007, it was removed after an automobile accident and was replaced in the fall of 2008.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP covers an area of 5.0 square miles (13.0 km{{sup|2}}), 99.98% of it land and 0.02% of it water.

===Climate===
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Sierraville has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=812840&cityname=Sierraville%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Sierraville, California]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Sierraville, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1909–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 69
|Feb record high F = 71
|Mar record high F = 78
|Apr record high F = 84
|May record high F = 94
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 104
|Sep record high F = 100
|Oct record high F = 92
|Nov record high F = 79
|Dec record high F = 70

|Jan avg record high F = 56.6
|Feb avg record high F = 60.0
|Mar avg record high F = 67.4
|Apr avg record high F = 74.4
|May avg record high F = 81.7
|Jun avg record high F = 88.2
|Jul avg record high F = 94.0
|Aug avg record high F = 92.8
|Sep avg record high F = 89.4
|Oct avg record high F = 81.3
|Nov avg record high F = 69.3
|Dec avg record high F = 57.3
|year avg record high F = 95.0

|Jan high F = 44.0
|Feb high F = 47.4
|Mar high F = 53.5
|Apr high F = 59.1
|May high F = 67.5
|Jun high F = 76.7
|Jul high F = 85.2
|Aug high F = 84.8
|Sep high F = 79.1
|Oct high F = 67.7
|Nov high F = 54.7
|Dec high F = 43.8
|year high F = 63.2

|Jan mean F = 31.0
|Feb mean F = 33.9
|Mar mean F = 39.2
|Apr mean F = 44.1
|May mean F = 51.6
|Jun mean F = 58.6
|Jul mean F = 65.2
|Aug mean F = 63.9
|Sep mean F = 58.2
|Oct mean F = 48.4
|Nov mean F = 38.8
|Dec mean F = 30.8
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 18.0
|Feb low F = 20.3
|Mar low F = 25.0
|Apr low F = 29.1
|May low F = 35.7
|Jun low F = 40.5
|Jul low F = 45.3
|Aug low F = 43.0
|Sep low F = 37.3
|Oct low F = 29.3
|Nov low F = 23.0
|Dec low F = 17.9
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 2.0
|Feb avg record low F = 5.8
|Mar avg record low F = 12.3
|Apr avg record low F = 19.4
|May avg record low F = 25.7
|Jun avg record low F = 30.3
|Jul avg record low F = 36.3
|Aug avg record low F = 33.4
|Sep avg record low F = 27.2
|Oct avg record low F = 19.2
|Nov avg record low F = 10.2
|Dec avg record low F = 1.2
|year avg record low F = -5.7

|Jan record low F = -34
|Feb record low F = -30
|Mar record low F = -15
|Apr record low F = 0
|May record low F = 15
|Jun record low F = 20
|Jul record low F = 23
|Aug record low F = 25
|Sep record low F = 14
|Oct record low F = 7
|Nov record low F = -13
|Dec record low F = -29

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.59
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.84
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.41
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.51
|May precipitation inch = 0.94
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.45
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.31
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.27
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.39
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.33
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.23
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.05
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 5.1
|Feb precipitation days = 5.6
|Mar precipitation days = 6.4
|Apr precipitation days = 5.2
|May precipitation days = 4.0
|Jun precipitation days = 1.9
|Jul precipitation days = 0.9
|Aug precipitation days = 1.1
|Sep precipitation days = 1.6
|Oct precipitation days = 2.8
|Nov precipitation days = 3.7
|Dec precipitation days = 5.5

|Jan snow inch = 6.3
|Feb snow inch = 9.6
|Mar snow inch = 8.1
|Apr snow inch = 2.6
|May snow inch = 0.1
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.6
|Nov snow inch = 1.9
|Dec snow inch = 8.9
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 1.7
|Feb snow days = 2.0
|Mar snow days = 1.4
|Apr snow days = 1.1
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.4
|Nov snow days = 0.6
|Dec snow days = 1.9

|Jan snow depth inch =
|Feb snow depth inch =
|Mar snow depth inch =
|Apr snow depth inch =
|May snow depth inch =
|Jun snow depth inch =
|Jul snow depth inch =
|Aug snow depth inch =
|Sep snow depth inch =
|Oct snow depth inch =
|Nov snow depth inch =
|Dec snow depth inch =
|year snow depth inch =

|source 1 = XMACIS2<ref name = XMACIS2>
{{cite web
|url = https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = xmACIS2
|access-date = March 4, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0671848|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033210/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0671848|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Sierraville CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Sierraville had a population of 200. The population density was {{convert|39.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Sierraville was 187 (93.5%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2 (1.0%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0 (0.0%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0 (0.0%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 10 (5.0%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1 (0.5%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 16 persons (8.0%).

The Census reported that 200 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 95 households, out of which 13 (13.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 50 (52.6%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 5 (5.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 4 (4.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 9 (9.5%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 0 (0%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 26 households (27.4%) were made up of individuals, and 7 (7.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11. There were 59 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (62.1% of all households); the average family size was 2.51.

The population was spread out, with 21 people (10.5%) under the age of 18, 12 people (6.0%) aged 18 to 24, 33 people (16.5%) aged 25 to 44, 89 people (44.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 45 people (22.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 52.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.1 males.

There were 136 housing units at an average density of {{convert|27.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 68 (71.6%) were owner-occupied, and 27 (28.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 12.9%. 144 people (72.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 56 people (28.0%) lived in rental housing units.

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Sierraville is included in {{Representative|casd|1|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |accessdate=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|1|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |accessdate=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Sierraville is in {{Representative|cacd|1|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|1|accessdate=March 3, 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Sierra County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Sierra County, California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in California]]

User talk:Akamaikai

2024-10-21T08:20:49Z

Hike395: /* Source of Sierraville climate data? */ new section

Hi, Kai! Can you please add John A Rogers, a scientist from Northwestern to the Notable people page for Rolla MO? Thanks! <small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/98.26.42.206|98.26.42.206]] ([[User talk:98.26.42.206#top|talk]]) 10:39, 19 January 2023 (UTC)</small> 

:Yes [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 23:26, 19 January 2023 (UTC)

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== May 2022 ==
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== Citations ==

Please place the access-date ''inside'' {{tl|cite web}} and do not leave spaces between the source and the start of the ref tag. '''[[User:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#5d9731; color:white; padding:2px;">Sounder</span>]][[User talk:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#1047AB; color:white; padding:2px;">Bruce</span>]]''' 05:11, 29 September 2022 (UTC)

Ok [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 20:27, 29 September 2022 (UTC)
:The latest batch has the same problem. Please correct them. '''[[User:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#5d9731; color:white; padding:2px;">Sounder</span>]][[User talk:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#1047AB; color:white; padding:2px;">Bruce</span>]]''' 03:54, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Ah I see what you mean with the access date I will fix that. I have made sure to leave out spaces though. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 13:04, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Update: So far I have fixed 43 of them [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:16, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Update #2: Fixed retrieve dates going back 3 months so far [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:57, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
:::I meant 3 weeks. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 00:03, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

==Climax, Colorado==

You ask why I reverted your edit to [[Climax, Colorado]]. It was a change of numbers, with no justification, no reference.

[[User:Dino|dino]] ([[User talk:Dino|talk]]) 12:56, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

:I put my sources in there. It was just an update of the table. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 20:11, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
:I redid it with more references in the description. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 02:58, 5 November 2022 (UTC)

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== Mammoth Lakes weather data fails verification? ==

I went to double-check the weather data that you've added to [[Mammoth Lakes, California]]. I cannot find any data about Mammoth in reference 18. Where did you find that data? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 07:22, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

:NOWData is a common reference for climate tables and it is used in almost every single one. The NWS unfortunately wasn't smart enough to make specific links for each station, so the entirety of each NWS Forecast area is covered by a single link. To find the data for a station (specifically Mammoth Lakes) would normally just require looking through the table, but for Mammoth Lake you have to go to the map (click View Map), get more stations (click show more stations) and find Mammoth Lakes on the map. I used NOWData for the records, which you can find by going to monthly summarized data, using "por" (period of record) for the start and end year date, and choosing maximum temperature as the variable with daily maximum as the summary for record highs, and choosing minimum temperature as the variable and daily minimum as the summary for record lows. For the mean maxima and minima, I took the max and min temperatures values for each month from 1991-2020 and calculated the average for all of them (this can be easily done by copy pasting it into an Excel spreadsheet and using the average function). For the snow, snow days, snow depth, and precipitation days, I did the same thing but with different year ranges because the period of record for those is different. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:53, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

:Thank you! I had missed the "Show more stations" button. The data is now verified. I changed the table to show the data as displayed at the NWS site -- I worry that extracting more significant figures from their raw data could be considered to be [[WP:OR|original research]]. — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 15:58, 30 December 2022 (UTC)
::A majority of mean maxima and minima data for hundreds (maybe thousands) of climate tables on Wikipedia come from people calculating the mean themselves, so I think the significant figures are OK. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:02, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

== Edits to [[Richland, Washington]] and [[Tri-Cities, Washington]] ==

Hello!

I noticed your edits today to the noted pages and wanted to let you know that I made some adjustments. KRLD in Richland, one of the Tri-Cities, did record a high of 118 on June 29 while the Tri-Cities Airport which is in Pasco (KPSC) only did 115. I returned the 118 values to the prose but didn't touch the infoboxes (and climate infoboxes referring to the Tri-Cities Airport should not show 118 anyway). I also added relevant citations. Please remember to check citations before removing material.

Thanks for your work to improve Wikipedia!

[[User:DJ Cane|DJ Cane]] ([[User talk:DJ Cane|talk]]) 18:50, 15 April 2023 (UTC)

== Sonora Pass weather? ==

Hello Akamaikai! When I was verifying the climate data at [[Sonora Pass]], I could only find precipitation data for that station in NOWdata. Am I missing something? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 17:26, 23 April 2023 (UTC)

:I just looked on there and it has the temperature data. Are you sure it's the right station? [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 15:00, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
::{{reply to|Akamaikai}} In addition, Sonora Pass has 4 months with an average temperature greater than 10 degrees Celsius, which should be Dsb instead of Dsc. [[User:Fumikas Sagisavas|Fumikas Sagisavas]] ([[User talk:Fumikas Sagisavas|talk]]) 14:13, 13 June 2023 (UTC)

:::Picking this back up: I double-checked, and yes, I was looking at the station named SONORA PASS. When I ask for temperature data, it says "no data available". An IP editor has added more data to the climate table without sources. I was going to revert back to a "known good" version, but I cannot verify your version. Where did the temperature data come from? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 08:12, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

== Send your Chinese candy! ==

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== WWF ==

You seem able to engage in discussions about the weather and climate...never mind differing views, locations and all, it's all about increasing knowledge.

I'm a regular contributor member of the WWF, and was wondering if you would like to join our Forum?

https://cdweather.boards.net

We are an insular, hectic group, only small in number, but big on opinions, and don't have the draconian, Orwellian moderation like some other forums.

You need a thick skin on the WWF Forums, but I believe you would fit in, and you would be welcome; we need more activity.

Feel free to register if you would like to join us, and I can inform the Administrator about you joining. [[User:Benfxmth|Benfxmth]] ([[User talk:Benfxmth|talk]]) 00:31, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

== A barnstar for you! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Original Barnstar'''
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|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you for your hard work updating the climate data on so many US city articles. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 23:51, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
|}

== Thanks ==

Thanks for adding a Weather Box to [[Gardner, Kansas]]!

Do you take requests for adding weather box to other articles? Could you add a weather box to county seats [[Newton, Kansas]] and [[Marion, Kansas]] articles? It is fine if you say no!

For a long term goal, it would be nice for all of the [[List of counties in Kansas|county seats of Kansas]] to have a weather box. I know some of them have it, such as [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]] / [[Hutchinson, Kansas|Hutchinson]] / [[Salina, Kansas|Salina]] / [[Lincoln, Kansas|Lincoln]], but I haven't ever counted the number of county seats that don't have it. It is fine if you say no, because I know this is a lot of work!!

Thanks in advance. • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 02:57, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

:I guess I do take requests but no one's ever really requested anything lol. I did Newton and Marion, fixed Lincoln, and did the county seats of Allen through Barton County. Thanksgiving Break is this week so I probably won't be able to get much done until next Monday, but I'll probably finish it all on that day. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 07:00, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

::Thanks!! • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 07:09, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

:::Ok I finished them but the following don't have sufficient weather data to create weatherboxes:
:::[[Gove City, Kansas|Gove City, KS]] (Gove County)
:::[[Oswego, Kansas|Oswego, KS]] (Labette County)
:::[[Dighton, Kansas|Dighton, KS]] (Lane County)
:::[[Seneca, Kansas|Seneca, KS]] (Nemaha County)
:::[[Erie, Kansas|Erie, KS]] (Neosho County)
:::[[Lyndon, Kansas|Lyndon, KS]] (Osage County)
:::[[Osborne, Kansas|Osborne, KS]] (Osborne County)
:::[[Westmoreland, Kansas|Westmoreland, KS]] (Pottawatomie County)
:::[[Lyons, Kansas|Lyons, KS]] (Rice County)
:::[[Stockton, Kansas|Stockton, KS]] (Rooks County)
:::[[La Crosse, Kansas|La Crosse, KS]] (Rush County)
:::[[St. John, Kansas|St. John, KS]] (Stafford County)
:::[[Johnson City, Kansas|Johnson City, KS]] (Stanton County)
:::[[Alma, Kansas|Alma, KS]] (Wabaunsee County) [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 18:40, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

::::Thanks for all other Kansas article improvements!! • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 07:42, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

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== Climate data ==

Why are you randomly changing climate data at [[Johnson City, Texas]] and [[Centerville, Texas]]? [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 14:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:It's not random. They both set new monthly record highs this month. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:37, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
::The sources you cited are from 2022 and 2023. You need to update the source, or other editors will question your edit. Thank you. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 15:01, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
:::The source used is the same source. Monthly temperature records get updated all the time without the source changing. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 15:40, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
::::Please take a moment to read [[WP:CS]], and update the access dates, lest you waste other editor's time. Thanks for your understanding. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 17:21, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

== Source of Sierraville climate data? ==

Editors have added unsourced data to the climate table in [[Sierraville, California]]. Just like [[Sonora Pass]] (above), I wanted to revert to the last known good table. In {{diff|Sierraville, California|diff=prev|oldid=1142891602|label=this edit}}, you created a climate table from XMACIS2. There is a SIERRAVILLE RS weather station in ACIS, but like Sonora Pass, it appears to only have precipitation. Where did all of the other rows come from?

I've started to cleanup a large number of California climate tables that don't appear to be well-sourced. One source that always works is [https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/ PRISM], because it spatially interpolates down to 800-meter resolution and provides 1991-2020 normals. However, it only has min/mean/max temperature and precipitation normals: it doesn't have extremes or snow. If you have a better source of extremes+snow data for places like Sierraville or Sonora Pass, I would love to learn about it. — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 08:20, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

User talk:Akamaikai

2024-10-21T08:12:38Z

Hike395: /* Sonora Pass weather? */ still cannot verify Sonora Pass temperature

Hi, Kai! Can you please add John A Rogers, a scientist from Northwestern to the Notable people page for Rolla MO? Thanks! <small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/98.26.42.206|98.26.42.206]] ([[User talk:98.26.42.206#top|talk]]) 10:39, 19 January 2023 (UTC)</small> 

:Yes [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 23:26, 19 January 2023 (UTC)

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== Citations ==

Please place the access-date ''inside'' {{tl|cite web}} and do not leave spaces between the source and the start of the ref tag. '''[[User:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#5d9731; color:white; padding:2px;">Sounder</span>]][[User talk:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#1047AB; color:white; padding:2px;">Bruce</span>]]''' 05:11, 29 September 2022 (UTC)

Ok [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 20:27, 29 September 2022 (UTC)
:The latest batch has the same problem. Please correct them. '''[[User:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#5d9731; color:white; padding:2px;">Sounder</span>]][[User talk:SounderBruce|<span style="background:#1047AB; color:white; padding:2px;">Bruce</span>]]''' 03:54, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Ah I see what you mean with the access date I will fix that. I have made sure to leave out spaces though. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 13:04, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Update: So far I have fixed 43 of them [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:16, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
::Update #2: Fixed retrieve dates going back 3 months so far [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:57, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
:::I meant 3 weeks. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 00:03, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

==Climax, Colorado==

You ask why I reverted your edit to [[Climax, Colorado]]. It was a change of numbers, with no justification, no reference.

[[User:Dino|dino]] ([[User talk:Dino|talk]]) 12:56, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

:I put my sources in there. It was just an update of the table. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 20:11, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
:I redid it with more references in the description. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 02:58, 5 November 2022 (UTC)

==WikiProject Weather: Map Dot & Template/Infobox Colors==
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== Mammoth Lakes weather data fails verification? ==

I went to double-check the weather data that you've added to [[Mammoth Lakes, California]]. I cannot find any data about Mammoth in reference 18. Where did you find that data? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 07:22, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

:NOWData is a common reference for climate tables and it is used in almost every single one. The NWS unfortunately wasn't smart enough to make specific links for each station, so the entirety of each NWS Forecast area is covered by a single link. To find the data for a station (specifically Mammoth Lakes) would normally just require looking through the table, but for Mammoth Lake you have to go to the map (click View Map), get more stations (click show more stations) and find Mammoth Lakes on the map. I used NOWData for the records, which you can find by going to monthly summarized data, using "por" (period of record) for the start and end year date, and choosing maximum temperature as the variable with daily maximum as the summary for record highs, and choosing minimum temperature as the variable and daily minimum as the summary for record lows. For the mean maxima and minima, I took the max and min temperatures values for each month from 1991-2020 and calculated the average for all of them (this can be easily done by copy pasting it into an Excel spreadsheet and using the average function). For the snow, snow days, snow depth, and precipitation days, I did the same thing but with different year ranges because the period of record for those is different. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:53, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

:Thank you! I had missed the "Show more stations" button. The data is now verified. I changed the table to show the data as displayed at the NWS site -- I worry that extracting more significant figures from their raw data could be considered to be [[WP:OR|original research]]. — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 15:58, 30 December 2022 (UTC)
::A majority of mean maxima and minima data for hundreds (maybe thousands) of climate tables on Wikipedia come from people calculating the mean themselves, so I think the significant figures are OK. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 16:02, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

== Edits to [[Richland, Washington]] and [[Tri-Cities, Washington]] ==

Hello!

I noticed your edits today to the noted pages and wanted to let you know that I made some adjustments. KRLD in Richland, one of the Tri-Cities, did record a high of 118 on June 29 while the Tri-Cities Airport which is in Pasco (KPSC) only did 115. I returned the 118 values to the prose but didn't touch the infoboxes (and climate infoboxes referring to the Tri-Cities Airport should not show 118 anyway). I also added relevant citations. Please remember to check citations before removing material.

Thanks for your work to improve Wikipedia!

[[User:DJ Cane|DJ Cane]] ([[User talk:DJ Cane|talk]]) 18:50, 15 April 2023 (UTC)

== Sonora Pass weather? ==

Hello Akamaikai! When I was verifying the climate data at [[Sonora Pass]], I could only find precipitation data for that station in NOWdata. Am I missing something? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 17:26, 23 April 2023 (UTC)

:I just looked on there and it has the temperature data. Are you sure it's the right station? [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 15:00, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
::{{reply to|Akamaikai}} In addition, Sonora Pass has 4 months with an average temperature greater than 10 degrees Celsius, which should be Dsb instead of Dsc. [[User:Fumikas Sagisavas|Fumikas Sagisavas]] ([[User talk:Fumikas Sagisavas|talk]]) 14:13, 13 June 2023 (UTC)

:::Picking this back up: I double-checked, and yes, I was looking at the station named SONORA PASS. When I ask for temperature data, it says "no data available". An IP editor has added more data to the climate table without sources. I was going to revert back to a "known good" version, but I cannot verify your version. Where did the temperature data come from? — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 08:12, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

== Send your Chinese candy! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:滁州琅琊酥糖(其中一种散包装).jpg|100px]]
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''Send your Chinese candy!'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you for your contribution to the climate topic [[User:Fumikas Sagisavas|Fumikas Sagisavas]] ([[User talk:Fumikas Sagisavas|talk]]) 14:11, 13 June 2023 (UTC)
|}

== WWF ==

You seem able to engage in discussions about the weather and climate...never mind differing views, locations and all, it's all about increasing knowledge.

I'm a regular contributor member of the WWF, and was wondering if you would like to join our Forum?

https://cdweather.boards.net

We are an insular, hectic group, only small in number, but big on opinions, and don't have the draconian, Orwellian moderation like some other forums.

You need a thick skin on the WWF Forums, but I believe you would fit in, and you would be welcome; we need more activity.

Feel free to register if you would like to join us, and I can inform the Administrator about you joining. [[User:Benfxmth|Benfxmth]] ([[User talk:Benfxmth|talk]]) 00:31, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

== A barnstar for you! ==

{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Original Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you for your hard work updating the climate data on so many US city articles. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 23:51, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
|}

== Thanks ==

Thanks for adding a Weather Box to [[Gardner, Kansas]]!

Do you take requests for adding weather box to other articles? Could you add a weather box to county seats [[Newton, Kansas]] and [[Marion, Kansas]] articles? It is fine if you say no!

For a long term goal, it would be nice for all of the [[List of counties in Kansas|county seats of Kansas]] to have a weather box. I know some of them have it, such as [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]] / [[Hutchinson, Kansas|Hutchinson]] / [[Salina, Kansas|Salina]] / [[Lincoln, Kansas|Lincoln]], but I haven't ever counted the number of county seats that don't have it. It is fine if you say no, because I know this is a lot of work!!

Thanks in advance. • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 02:57, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

:I guess I do take requests but no one's ever really requested anything lol. I did Newton and Marion, fixed Lincoln, and did the county seats of Allen through Barton County. Thanksgiving Break is this week so I probably won't be able to get much done until next Monday, but I'll probably finish it all on that day. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 07:00, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

::Thanks!! • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 07:09, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

:::Ok I finished them but the following don't have sufficient weather data to create weatherboxes:
:::[[Gove City, Kansas|Gove City, KS]] (Gove County)
:::[[Oswego, Kansas|Oswego, KS]] (Labette County)
:::[[Dighton, Kansas|Dighton, KS]] (Lane County)
:::[[Seneca, Kansas|Seneca, KS]] (Nemaha County)
:::[[Erie, Kansas|Erie, KS]] (Neosho County)
:::[[Lyndon, Kansas|Lyndon, KS]] (Osage County)
:::[[Osborne, Kansas|Osborne, KS]] (Osborne County)
:::[[Westmoreland, Kansas|Westmoreland, KS]] (Pottawatomie County)
:::[[Lyons, Kansas|Lyons, KS]] (Rice County)
:::[[Stockton, Kansas|Stockton, KS]] (Rooks County)
:::[[La Crosse, Kansas|La Crosse, KS]] (Rush County)
:::[[St. John, Kansas|St. John, KS]] (Stafford County)
:::[[Johnson City, Kansas|Johnson City, KS]] (Stanton County)
:::[[Alma, Kansas|Alma, KS]] (Wabaunsee County) [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 18:40, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

::::Thanks for all other Kansas article improvements!! • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 07:42, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

== ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message ==

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Hello! Voting in the '''[[WP:ACE2023|2023 Arbitration Committee elections]]''' is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on {{#time:l, j F Y|{{Arbitration Committee candidate/data|2023|end}}-1 day}}. All '''[[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee Elections December 2023#Election timeline|eligible users]]''' are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The [[WP:ARBCOM|Arbitration Committee]] is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the [[Wikipedia:Arbitration|Wikipedia arbitration process]]. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose [[WP:BAN|site bans]], [[WP:TBAN|topic bans]], editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Policy|arbitration policy]] describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

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== Climate data ==

Why are you randomly changing climate data at [[Johnson City, Texas]] and [[Centerville, Texas]]? [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 14:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:It's not random. They both set new monthly record highs this month. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 14:37, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
::The sources you cited are from 2022 and 2023. You need to update the source, or other editors will question your edit. Thank you. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 15:01, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
:::The source used is the same source. Monthly temperature records get updated all the time without the source changing. [[User:Akamaikai|Akamaikai]] ([[User talk:Akamaikai#top|talk]]) 15:40, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
::::Please take a moment to read [[WP:CS]], and update the access dates, lest you waste other editor's time. Thanks for your understanding. [[User:Magnolia677|Magnolia677]] ([[User talk:Magnolia677|talk]]) 17:21, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

Madeline, California

2024-10-21T07:44:56Z

Hike395: climate data fails verification and WRCC data only runs through 1975. Replace normal with PRISM data

{{Short description|Unincorporated community in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement


|name = Madeline, California
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type =[[Unincorporated community]]<br> [[Census-designated place]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|pushpin_map =California#USA
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in California
|pushpin_image=California Locator Map with US.PNG


|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 = County
|subdivision_name2 = [[Lassen County, California|Lassen County]]
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =

|
|established_title = 
|established_date =
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{Cite web |title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files - California|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_06.txt |access-date=March 23, 2024 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi = 0.053
|area_land_sq_mi = 0.053
|area_water_sq_mi = 0
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|population_footnotes =
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_total = 21
|population_density_sq_mi = auto


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=GNIS/>
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 5325
|coordinates = {{coord|41|3|5.08|N|120|28|31.56|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name_sec1 = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info_sec1 =
|blank1_name_sec1 = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info_sec1 = 2804434<ref name=GNIS>{{cite GNIS|2804434|name=Madeline Census Designated Place}}</ref>
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Madeline''' is an [[unincorporated community]] and [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Lassen County, California|Lassen County]], [[California]].<ref name=GNIS /> It is located {{convert|45|mi|km|0}} north-northeast of [[Susanville, California|Susanville]],<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|397}}</ref> at an elevation of 5325 feet (1623 m).<ref name=GNIS /> Its population is 21 as of the 2020 census.

A post office was operated at Madeline from 1875 to 1878, and from 1879 to 1882.<ref name=CGN /> It was reopened in 1887, and moved in 1902.<ref name=CGN /> The zip code for the town is 96119.

Madeline was formerly a stop on the now-abandoned [[Nevada-California-Oregon Railway]], later taken over by the [[Southern Pacific Railroad]].

==Climate==
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Madeline has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=132540&cityname=Madeline%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Madeline, California]</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Madeline, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1908-1975
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 64
|Feb record high F = 64
|Mar record high F = 72
|Apr record high F = 84
|May record high F = 93
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 102
|Sep record high F = 95
|Oct record high F = 90
|Nov record high F = 75
|Dec record high F = 68

|Jan high F = 41.0
|Feb high F = 43.7
|Mar high F = 48.9
|Apr high F = 54.1
|May high F = 63.5
|Jun high F = 73.6
|Jul high F = 84.7
|Aug high F = 83.7
|Sep high F = 76.2
|Oct high F = 62.7
|Nov high F = 49.2
|Dec high F = 39.9

|Jan mean F = 30.3
|Feb mean F = 32.7
|Mar mean F = 37.1
|Apr mean F = 41.3
|May mean F = 49.2
|Jun mean F = 57.0
|Jul mean F = 65.4
|Aug mean F = 64.0
|Sep mean F = 57.3
|Oct mean F = 46.6
|Nov mean F = 36.7
|Dec mean F = 29.5

|Jan low F = 19.6
|Feb low F = 21.6
|Mar low F = 25.2
|Apr low F = 28.5
|May low F = 35.0
|Jun low F = 40.4
|Jul low F = 46.1
|Aug low F = 44.3
|Sep low F = 38.3
|Oct low F = 30.5
|Nov low F = 24.1
|Dec low F = 19.0

|Jan record low F = -28
|Feb record low F = -26
|Mar record low F = -20
|Apr record low F = 8
|May record low F = 12
|Jun record low F = 20
|Jul record low F = 26
|Aug record low F = 20
|Sep record low F = 19
|Oct record low F = 9
|Nov record low F = -8
|Dec record low F = -36

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.73
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.38
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.50
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.33
|May precipitation inch = 1.58
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.89
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.34
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.27
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.30
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.68
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.28
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.84
|year precipitation inch =

|Jan snow inch = 17.0
|Feb snow inch = 10.0
|Mar snow inch = 9.9
|Apr snow inch = 4.7
|May snow inch = 2.7
|Jun snow inch = 0.2
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 1.3
|Nov snow inch = 3.6
|Dec snow inch = 9.4
|year snow inch =

|source 1 = PRISM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=Time Series Values for Individual Locations|publisher=PRISM Climate Group|access-date=20 October 2024|quote=Enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution. Click "Retrieve time series", then "Download time series"}}</ref> ({{coord|41.0514|N|120.4754|W}}, {{convert|5328|ft}}, spatially interpolated, 1991-2020 normals)
|source 2 = WRCC<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca5231|title=Madeline, California|publisher=Western Regional Climate Center|access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref> (extremes, snow)
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2020= 21
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br>1850–1870<ref name=1870CensusCA1>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-12.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=1870CensusCA2>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1880-1890<ref name=1890CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1890/bulletins/demographics/134-population-of-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1900<ref name=1900CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/10-population-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1910<ref name=1910CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1920<ref name=1920CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1920/bulletins/demographics/population-ca-number-of-inhabitants.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1930<ref name=1930CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-1/03815512v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1940<ref name=1940CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-08.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1960<ref name=1960CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-06-d.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1970<ref name=1970CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ca1-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caAB-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1990<ref name=1990CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
2000<ref name=2000CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}

Madeline first appeared as a [[census designated place]] in the [[2020 U.S. Census]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 Geography Changes|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/table-and-geography-changes/2020/geography-changes.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=}}</ref>

===2020 Census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Madeline CDP, California – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Madeline CDP, California|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0645008|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=}}</ref>
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|9
|42.86%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|0
|0.00%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|0
|0.00%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|1
|4.76%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|0
|0.00%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|0
|0.00%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|4
|19.05%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|7
|33.33%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''21'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lassen County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Unincorporated communities in California]]
[[Category:Unincorporated communities in Lassen County, California]]

{{LassenCountyCA-geo-stub}}

Fall River Mills, California

2024-10-21T07:08:34Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ rv climate box to 24 April 2024, to remove unsourced edits

{{Short description|Unincorporated community in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Fall River Mills
|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
|nickname = Northern California's best kept secret
|image_skyline = Welcome To.JPG
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Sign welcoming visitors to Fall River Valley
|image_seal =
|image_map = Shasta_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Fall_River_Mills_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location in [[Shasta County, California|Shasta County]] and the state of [[California]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Shasta County, California|Shasta]]
|government_type = Municipal
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title = Settled
|established_date = 1855
|founder_title = Founder
|founder = William H. Winters

|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes = <ref>[https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt U.S. Census] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |date=2012-01-25 }}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 2.752
| area_land_sq_mi = 2.593
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.159
| area_total_km2 = 7.128
| area_land_km2 = 6.715
| area_water_km2 = 0.413
| area_water_percent = 5.79
| area_note =
|elevation_ft = 3195
|elevation_m = 1014
|population_as_of = 2020
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 616
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|coordinates = {{coord|41|0|21|N|121|26|27|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 96028
|area_code = [[Area code 530|530]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 06-23532
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0260035
|footnotes =
|website = [http://www.fallrivervalleycc.org Town of Fall River Mills Website]
}}
'''Fall River Mills''', colloquially referred to as '''Fall River''', is an unincorporated town and [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Shasta County, California|Shasta County]], [[California]], United States. Its population is 616 as of the 2020 census, up from 573 from the 2010 census.

==Production and industry==
The community is known for its agriculture, producing cattle, Fall River wild rice, garlic, mint, hay, lavender, and alfalfa.

==Local government==
Local government in Fall River Mills includes:
* Fall River Valley Municipal Advisory Council
* Fall River Valley Community Services District
* Fall River Valley Fire Protection District
* Fall River Mills Cemetery District
* Mayers Memorial Hospital District
* Fall River Mills Joint Unified School District
* Fall River Resource Conservation District

==Education==
* [http://www.frjusd.org Fall River Joint Unified School District]
* Elementary Schools
** Fall River Elementary School (K-6) "a California Distinguished School"
** Fall River Elementary Community Day School (K-6)
* High School
** Fall River Jr and Sr High School (7-12) "a California Distinguished School"
** Fall River Community Day School (7-12)
** Soldier Mt Continuation School (9-12)
* Alternative Schools
** Migrant Child Education (K-12)

==Transportation==
[[File:Fall River Mills Airport.JPG|thumb|150px|Sign for [[Fall River Mills Airport]].]]
[[Fall River Mills Airport]], Tonkin Field {{Airport codes|||O89}} is a public [[airport]] located off Main Street, in downtown Fall River Mills, serving [[Shasta County, California|Shasta County]]. The airport has one [[runway]] and is mostly used for [[general aviation]]. It is the only airport within {{convert|75|mi|km}} of [[Redding, California|Redding]] and [[Alturas]].

The airport was originally built in the 1940s as a location to train pilots for World War II. Over the years, the airport has been maintained and upgraded largely due to funding provided from the California Aid to Airports Program (CAAP). Today the airport has nine permanent t-hangars, five Portable hangars, approximately 30 tie-downs, and provides aviation fuel sales. The airport is equipped with runway lights which are designed to be turned on at night by the pilots as they approach the airport.<ref>''Shasta County D.P.W'', http://www.co.shasta.ca.us/index/pw_index/plans_programs/frm_airport.aspx {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406124657/http://www.co.shasta.ca.us/index/pw_index/plans_programs/frm_airport.aspx |date=2011-04-06 }}, April, 2010</ref>

==Geography and geology==
Fall River Mills is located at {{coord|41|0|21|N|121|26|27|W|type:city}} (41.005760, -121.440946).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

Fall River Mills is nestled between the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] and the [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] mountain ranges in the far Northeast corner of [[Shasta County, California]]. The town is surrounded by mountains in all four cardinal directions with [[Mount Shasta]] and [[Mount Lassen]] visible from anywhere in the Fall River Valley.

Elevation varies only slightly throughout the valley floor, ranging from 3,200 to {{convert|3400|ft|m}}. The surrounding passes all vary from 3,600 to 4,200+ feet.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|2.8|sqmi|km2}}, of which, {{convert|2.6|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|0.2|sqmi|km2}} of it (5.79%) is water.

Fall River Mills is named after one of the rivers (Fall River) which runs near it. This river, along with the Pit River, water the Fall River Valley, wherein Fall River Mills is located. Much of this valley and its surroundings are volcanic, with all the features which comes with such terrain.

==Climate==

According to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, Fall River Mills has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

{{Weather box
|width=auto
|location = Fall River Mills, California
|single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 66
| Feb record high F = 72
| Mar record high F = 79
| Apr record high F = 86
| May record high F = 92
| Jun record high F = 103
| Jul record high F = 106
| Aug record high F = 104
| Sep record high F = 103
| Oct record high F = 94
| Nov record high F = 82
| Dec record high F = 63
| year record high F = 106
| Jan high F = 43.0
| Feb high F = 47.9
| Mar high F = 54.5
| Apr high F = 62.4
| May high F = 70.8
| Jun high F = 78.2
| Jul high F = 87.6
| Aug high F = 86.4
| Sep high F = 80.4
| Oct high F = 68.6
| Nov high F = 54.9
| Dec high F = 44.7
| year high F = 65.2
| Jan low F = 20.7
| Feb low F = 24.2
| Mar low F = 29.0
| Apr low F = 34.3
| May low F = 40.3
| Jun low F = 45.9
| Jul low F = 49.9
| Aug low F = 46.4
| Sep low F = 40.9
| Oct low F = 33.4
| Nov low F = 26.6
| Dec low F = 22.6
| year low F =
| Jan record low F = -18
| Feb record low F = -15
| Mar record low F = 3
| Apr record low F = 10
| May record low F = 24
| Jun record low F = 28
| Jul record low F = 35
| Aug record low F = 30
| Sep record low F = 21
| Oct record low F = 7
| Nov record low F = -17
| Dec record low F = -18
| year record low F = 27.4
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 2.69
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.38
| Mar precipitation inch = 2.20
| Apr precipitation inch = 1.53
| May precipitation inch = 1.22
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.85
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.18
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.18
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.47
| Oct precipitation inch = 1.23
| Nov precipitation inch = 2.35
| Dec precipitation inch = 2.94
| year precipitation inch =
| Jan precipitation days = 8
| Feb precipitation days = 6
| Mar precipitation days = 7
| Apr precipitation days = 5
| May precipitation days = 7
| Jun precipitation days = 6
| Jul precipitation days = 1
| Aug precipitation days = 2
| Sep precipitation days = 2
| Oct precipitation days = 4
| Nov precipitation days = 8
| Dec precipitation days = 10
| Jan snow inch = 8.4
| Feb snow inch = 4.1
| Mar snow inch = 3.2
| Apr snow inch = 3.6
| May snow inch = 0.9
| Jun snow inch = 0.1
| Jul snow inch = 0
| Aug snow inch = 0
| Sep snow inch = 0.5
| Oct snow inch = 0.4
| Nov snow inch = 2.7
| Dec snow inch = 11
| year snow inch = 34.9

|source 1 = WeatherBase<ref name = WeatherBase>
{{cite web
|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=889440&cityname=McArthur%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units
|access-date = May 21, 2023
|title = McArthur, California Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=sto
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Sacramento
|access-date = May 21, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0623532|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715024841/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0623532|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Fall River Mills CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Fall River Mills had a population of 573. The population density was {{convert|208.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Fall River Mills was 450 (78.5%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0 (0.0%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 30 (5.2%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 3 (0.5%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 2 (0.3%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 56 (9.8%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 32 (5.6%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 105 persons (18.3%).

The Census reported that 535 people (93.4% of the population) lived in households, 9 (1.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 29 (5.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 228 households, out of which 71 (31.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 93 (40.8%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 26 (11.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 13 (5.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 15 (6.6%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 1 (0.4%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 83 households (36.4%) were made up of individuals, and 41 (18.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35. There were 132 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (57.9% of all households); the average family size was 3.11.

The population was spread out, with 140 people (24.4%) under the age of 18, 56 people (9.8%) aged 18 to 24, 107 people (18.7%) aged 25 to 44, 147 people (25.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 123 people (21.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.6 males.

There were 280 housing units at an average density of {{convert|101.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 128 (56.1%) were owner-occupied, and 100 (43.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 6.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.9%. 285 people (49.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 250 people (43.6%) lived in rental housing units.

===2007===
As of 2007, there were 712 people, 261 households, and 173 families residing in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|240|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 304 housing units at an average density of 111/sq mi (43/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the CDP was 81% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 10% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 5% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 12% of the population.

There were 261 households, out of which 35% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 16% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33% were non-families. 32% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 31% under the age of 18, 7% from 18 to 24, 22% from 25 to 44, 23% from 45 to 64, and 17% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $29,833, and the median income for a family was $34,306. Males had a median income of $35,197 versus $21,364 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $15,667. About 22% of families and 28% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 53% of those under age 18 and 18% of those age 65 or over.

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]] Fall River Mills is in {{Representative|casd|1|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|1|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Fall River Mills is in {{Representative|cacd|1|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|1|accessdate=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

Plans for the Incorporation of the Fall River Mills communities into a City or Town were started. Stemming from public outcry due to development plans and a need for the local communities to maintain control over the area. Formation of a [[Municipal Advisory Council]] or MAC is ongoing. The MAC will be the political and authoritative voice of the Fall River Mills communities to not only Shasta County but the State of California. Plans are also being drafted for the implementation of several municipal services to include but not be limited to, Parks & Recreation, Police Department, Transportation, Community Facilities, Animal Control, Cemetery, Fire and Emergency Services. These are just a few of the services listed as proposed by the town of Fall River Mills and the Fall River Valley Community Services District. Areas proposed for inclusion in the incorporation are the communities of Fall River Mills, [[McArthur, California|McArthur]], [[Pittville, California|Pittville]], [[Glenburn, California|Glenburn]] and [[Dana, California|Dana]].

==Recreation==
The Fall River Valley offers recreation for people of all ages and backgrounds with opportunities being numerous. These include many annual events, festivals and fairs. The Fall River Valley is home to a World Class Golf course. multiple locations for [[Mountain Climbing]] and [[Spelunking]]. Sport angling including [[Fly Fishing]], with several tournaments and derbies held each year. Hunting in the Fall River Valley offers several big game species and upland game and waterfowl.

[[Boating]] and [[Canoeing]] are popular in the Fall River Valley as it is home to several Lakes including Fall River Lake, Eastman Lake and Big Lake. White Water Rafting is among several popular sporting activities that take advantage of the river systems in the valley. These tributaries include the Fall River, Tule River, Ja-She Creek, Lava Creek, Bear Creek, Shelly Creek and [[Pit River]]. Together they span much of the Valley forming one of the largest systems of fresh water springs in the country. These waters culminate in a splendid waterfall south of the Town of Fall River Mills and again at a viewing point off State Highway 299 West of Fall River Mills. The Valley is home to the Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park, located north of the Fall River-McArthur Town Center. This state park is unique in that it is accessible only by water.

Local arts and culture can be viewed in several artists galleries and gift shops throughout the community. [[Equestrianism|Equestrian]] and [[Rodeo]] Events are held throughout the year with the Intermountain Fair Rodeo being the mainstay event.

Several parks are situated throughout the community, offering family activities and sporting venues. These include Clark Field, Fall River Lions Community Park and the Joe Bruce Sports Complex.

[[Cycling]] has been extremely popular in the Valley for over a decade. Hundreds of cyclists come from throughout the country each year to participate in the Fall River Century Bike Ride which is held in late spring.

==Tourism==
The town of Fall River Mills is located in the Fall River Valley, between the two volcanic mountain peaks of [[Mount Shasta]] and [[Mount Lassen]].

[[Fall River (Shasta County, California)|Fall River]] is a spring-fed stream that winds for {{convert|16|mi|km}}, mostly through private agricultural land with access points open to the public. The river has rainbow trout fishing holes. Fall River is piped through Saddle Mountain, to end at the Pit 1 Power House. There is white water rafting and fly fishing on the creeks in the area.<ref>Shasta Search, http://shastasearch.com/cityinfo-city_name-Fall%20River%20Mills.htm, January, 2011</ref>

The weather can be very cold in the winter, while the spring, summer, and early fall has warm days and cool nights. The town is a traditional [[Northern California]] agricultural community. It is known for its [[wild rice]], cattle, hay, lavender, and mint.

==Notable residents==
Please note: Not all the following people actually reside in Fall River Mills. Many only own property in the area.
* [[George Crook]] (September 8, 1828 – March 21, 1890) was a career Army officer, noted for distinguished service during American Civil War and Indian Wars.
* [[William Hanna]], creator of beloved cartoon series ''[[Tom and Jerry]]'', ''[[The Flintstones]]'', ''[[The Jetsons]]'', ''[[Scooby-Doo]]'' and many others.
* [[Dan Hawkins (American football)|Dan Hawkins]], football head coach, [[UC Davis Aggies football|UC Davis]], [[Colorado Buffaloes football|Colorado]] and [[Boise State University|Boise State]]; born in Fall River Mills.
* [[Bing Crosby]], actor and singer, spearheaded fundraising efforts to build and furnish Fall River Mills's only hospital.
* [[Jamie Pineda]] of Fall River Mills, frontwoman of pop music project [[Sweetbox]].
* [[Mark Wilson (American football)|Mark Wilson]] of Fall River Mills, [[offensive tackle]] for NFL's [[Oakland Raiders]].

==Gallery==

<gallery mode="packed">
Image:Fall_River_pic_1.JPG|Hwy 299 West, Fall River Mills.

Image:Hwy_299_and_Main_pic_1.JPG|Hwy 299 East & Main Street, Fall River Mills.

Image:Hwy_299_and_Main_pic_2.JPG|Hwy 299 West & Main Street, Fall River Mills.

Image:Fall_River_Fire_Dept..JPG|The Fall River Mills Fire Department.

Image:North_Main_Street.JPG|The Historic Fall River Hotel.

Image:Fall_River_Theatre.JPG|The Fall River Mills Theatre.

Image:Fall_River_Cemetery.JPG|The Fall River Mills Cemetery.

Image:The_New_Round_Barn.JPG|Reconstruction of the Historic Round Barn.

Image:Fall River Mills Round Barn.JPG|Completed Reconstruction of the Historic Round Barn.

Image:Fall River Dam.JPG|Fall River Mills Dam Complex.

Image:Fall River Lake.JPG|Fall River Lake, Fall River Mills

Image:Fall River Mills Jailhouse.JPG|Fall River Mills Jailhouse, Circa 1900s.

Image:Lockheart Ferry.JPG|[[Lockhart Ferry]] Historical Marker, Fall River Mills

</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Fall River Mills, California}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [http://www.frvcsd.com Fall River Valley Community Services District]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.mountainecho.com Mountain Echo Newspaper]
* [http://www.fallrivertheatre.com Fall River Theatre]
* [http://www.fortcrook.com Fort Crook Museum]
* [http://www.mayersmemorial.com Mayers Memorial Hospital District]
{{div col end}}

{{Shasta County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Shasta County, California]]
[[Category:Unincorporated communities in Shasta County, California]]
[[Category:Pit River]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1855]]
[[Category:1855 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]
[[Category:Unincorporated communities in California]]

Cassel, California

2024-10-21T07:06:10Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ cannot verify climate data, replace with data from PRISM

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Cassel
|settlement_type = [[census-designated place]]

|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =

|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Shasta County, California|Shasta]]
|established_title =
|established_date =

| population_total = 207
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_density_km2 = 39.46


|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 30, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 2.10
| area_land_sq_mi = 2.03
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.07
| area_total_km2 = 5.44
| area_land_km2 = 5.25
| area_water_km2 = 0.19
| area_water_percent = 3.56
| area_note =


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|2611427}}</ref>
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 3176
| pushpin_map = California
| pushpin_map_caption = Position in California.
|coordinates = {{coord|40|55|14|N|121|33|05|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}


|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code = 96016
|area_code = [[area code 530|530]]
|blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank_info = 2611427
|website =
|footnotes = {{gnis|2611427}}
|image_map = File:Shasta County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Cassel Highlighted 0611782.svg
|map_caption = Location of Cassel in Shasta County, California.
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
|population_footnotes =
|population_density_sq_mi = 102.17
}}
'''Cassel''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Shasta County, California|Shasta County]], [[California]].<ref name=gnis/> Cassel sits at an elevation of {{convert|3176|ft|m}}.<ref name=gnis/> Its population is 207 as of the 2020 census, remaining the same from the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96016. The community is inside [[area code 530]].

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP covers an area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km<sup>2</sup>), 96.44% of it land and 3.56% of it water.

===Climate===
This region experiences hot and dry summers, with highs over 90 °F in July and August. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Cassel has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=428340&cityname=Cassel%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Cassel, California]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Cassel, California, {{coord|40.9206|N|121.5514|W|display=inline}}, {{convert|3196|ft}}
|single line = Y
|width = auto

|Jan high F = 46.8
|Feb high F = 51.0
|Mar high F = 56.6
|Apr high F = 62.6
|May high F = 72.0
|Jun high F = 81.6
|Jul high F = 90.9
|Aug high F = 89.9
|Sep high F = 83.7
|Oct high F = 70.5
|Nov high F = 54.5
|Dec high F = 45.3

|Jan mean F = 35.8
|Feb mean F = 38.8
|Mar mean F = 43.2
|Apr mean F = 47.9
|May mean F = 55.8
|Jun mean F = 63.4
|Jul mean F = 70.6
|Aug mean F = 68.9
|Sep mean F = 62.9
|Oct mean F = 52.4
|Nov mean F = 41.4
|Dec mean F = 34.9

|Jan low F = 24.8
|Feb low F = 26.5
|Mar low F = 29.8
|Apr low F = 33.2
|May low F = 39.6
|Jun low F = 45.2
|Jul low F = 50.3
|Aug low F = 47.9
|Sep low F = 42.1
|Oct low F = 34.3
|Nov low F = 28.4
|Dec low F = 24.4

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.69
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.77
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.37
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.78
|May precipitation inch = 1.56
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.61
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.16
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.16
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.42
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.11
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.96
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.09

|source 1 = PRISM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=Time Series Values for Individual Locations|publisher=PRISM Climate Group|access-date=20 October 2024|quote=Enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution. Click "Retrieve time series", then "Download time series"}}</ref> (spatially interpolated, 1991-2020 normals)
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2020= 207
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br>1850–1870<ref name=1870CensusCA1>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-12.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=1870CensusCA2>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1880-1890<ref name=1890CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1890/bulletins/demographics/134-population-of-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1900<ref name=1900CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/10-population-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1910<ref name=1910CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1920<ref name=1920CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1920/bulletins/demographics/population-ca-number-of-inhabitants.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1930<ref name=1930CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-1/03815512v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1940<ref name=1940CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-08.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1960<ref name=1960CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-06-d.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1970<ref name=1970CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ca1-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caAB-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1990<ref name=1990CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
2000<ref name=2000CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
}}

The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0611782|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715023959/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0611782|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Cassel CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Cassel had a population of 207. The population density was {{convert|98.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Cassel was 194 (93.7%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0 (0.0%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 3 (1.4%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0 (0.0%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 4 (1.9%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 6 (2.9%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 6 persons (2.9%).

The Census reported that 207 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 93 households, out of which 17 (18.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 65 (69.9%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 2 (2.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3 (3.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2 (2.2%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 2 (2.2%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 18 households (19.4%) were made up of individuals, and 9 (9.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23. There were 70 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (75.3% of all households); the average family size was 2.54.

The population was spread out, with 32 people (15.5%) under the age of 18, 7 people (3.4%) aged 18 to 24, 29 people (14.0%) aged 25 to 44, 78 people (37.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 61 people (29.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 57.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

There were 140 housing units at an average density of {{convert|66.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 81 (87.1%) were owner-occupied, and 12 (12.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 5.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 20.0%. 173 people (83.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 34 people (16.4%) lived in rental housing units.

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]] Cassel is in {{Representative|casd|1|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |accessdate=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|1|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |accessdate=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>
Federally, Cassel is in {{Representative|cacd|1|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|1|accessdate=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

==Points of Interest==
The [[Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail]] passes East of Cassel.

Just north of the town is the site of [[Packway Materials]] who have repurposed broken construction equipment into sculpture.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Cassel, California}}

{{Shasta County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Shasta County, California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]

Whitethorn, California

2024-10-21T06:40:27Z

Hike395: replace climate data with data fetched from PRISM at 800m resolution

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Short description|Unincorporated community in California, United States}}

{{coord|40|01|26|N|123|56|35|W|display=title}}
{{Infobox settlement


|name = Whitethorn, California
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type =[[Unincorporated area|Unincorporated community]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|mapsize = 250x200px
| image_map = Map of California highlighting Humboldt County.svg
| map_caption = Location in the state of California
|pushpin_map = USA
|pushpin_relief = yes
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in the United States

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name =[[United States]]
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 =County
|subdivision_name2 = [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt County]]
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
|
|established_title = 
|established_date =
|coordinates = {{coord|40|01|26|N|123|56|35|W|region:US-CA|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|237697}}</ref>
|elevation_m =312
|elevation_ft =1024
|footnotes =
}}

'''Whitethorn''' (formerly '''Thorn''') is an [[unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] in [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt County]], [[California]], United States.<ref name=gnis /> It is located {{convert|9.5|mi|km|0|abbr=off|sp=us}} southwest of [[Garberville, California|Garberville]],<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|167}}</ref> at an elevation of {{convert|1024|feet|m|abbr=off|sp=us}}, with a population of 817.<ref name=gnis /> Whitethorn shares a [[ZIP Code]], 95589, with [[Shelter Cove, California]]. It is located along California's [[Lost Coast]].<ref>[http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp USPS ZIP Code lookup tool]</ref>

== Overview ==

The Thorn post office opened in 1888, closed in 1923, reopened in 1951, and changed its name to Whitethorn in 1961.<ref name=CGN /> The Whitethorn post office is located near [[Thorn Junction, California|Thorn Junction]] on the road between Shelter Cove and Whitethorn. Some remote areas in northern Mendocino County are also served by this post office and thus have Whitethorn addresses.

Whitethorn Elementary School (grades K–7) is located in Whitethorn and is part of the Southern Humboldt Unified School District. Students from the Whitethorn area attend South Fork High School in [[Miranda, California|Miranda]].

Whale Gulch Elementary (grades K–8) and Whale Gulch High School are about {{convert|3|mi|km}} southeast of Whitethorn. They have Whitethorn addresses, but are located in Mendocino County and are part of the Leggett Valley Unified School District.

About {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} south of central Whitethorn is [[Our Lady of the Redwoods Abbey|Redwoods Monastery]], a community of [[Cistercian nuns]].

The ZIP Code is 95589. The community is inside [[area code 707]].

==Climate==
Whitethorn has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]] (Köppen climate classification: ''Csb'') that is characterized by warm (but not hot) and dry summers, and mild to chilly, rainy and/or snowy winters. In Whitethorn's case, the climate is moderated by the proximity to the [[Pacific Ocean]] with small temperature variations on average throughout the year, which results in comfortable year-round temperatures.
{{Weather box|width=1000px|
|location = Whitethorn, California, {{coord|40.0239|N|123.9431|W|display=inline}}, {{convert|1102|ft}}
|single line = Y

|Jan high F = 53.8
|Feb high F = 55.2
|Mar high F = 58.6
|Apr high F = 61.8
|May high F = 66.3
|Jun high F = 73.0
|Jul high F = 81.0
|Aug high F = 81.7
|Sep high F = 80.7
|Oct high F = 70.7
|Nov high F = 58.3
|Dec high F = 53.1

|Jan mean F = 45.6
|Feb mean F = 46.1
|Mar mean F = 48.5
|Apr mean F = 51.1
|May mean F = 55.1
|Jun mean F = 60.9
|Jul mean F = 66.4
|Aug mean F = 66.5
|Sep mean F = 64.8
|Oct mean F = 57.2
|Nov mean F = 49.2
|Dec mean F = 45.1

|Jan low F = 37.5
|Feb low F = 37.0
|Mar low F = 38.3
|Apr low F = 40.5
|May low F = 43.9
|Jun low F = 48.7
|Jul low F = 51.7
|Aug low F = 51.3
|Sep low F = 49.5
|Oct low F = 43.6
|Nov low F = 40.1
|Dec low F = 37.1

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 14.04
|Feb precipitation inch = 13.56
|Mar precipitation inch = 13.00
|Apr precipitation inch = 6.63
|May precipitation inch = 2.43
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.93
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.08
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.11
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.73
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.59
|Nov precipitation inch = 8.95
|Dec precipitation inch = 14.91

|source 1 = PRISM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=Time Series Values for Individual Locations|publisher=PRISM Climate Group|access-date=20 October 2024
|quote=Enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution. Click "Retrieve time series" then "Download time series"}}</ref> (spatially interpolated, 1991-2020 normals)
}}

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Whitethorn is in {{Representative|casd|2|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=April 7, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|2|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=April 7, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Whitethorn is in {{Representative|cacd|2|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|2|access-date=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{portal-inline|California}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.whitethorn.com/Whitethorn/WTplace.html Whitethorn]
* [http://www.redwoodsabbey.org Redwoods Monastery]
* [http://www.humboldt.k12.ca.us/sohumb_usd/school/schools.html South Humboldt Unified School District]

{{Humboldt County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Unincorporated communities in Humboldt County, California]]
[[Category:Unincorporated communities in California]]

Lake Nacimiento, California

2024-10-21T06:25:49Z

Hike395: Reverted edit by Aaghdam1722 (talk) to last version by Gaius Cornelius

{{Infobox settlement

| official_name = Lake Nacimiento
| other_name =
| native_name = 
| nickname = The Dragon Lake
| settlement_type = [[census-designated place]]
| motto =

| image_skyline = Lake Nacimiento 2015.JPG
| imagesize =
| image_caption = [[Lake Nacimiento]]
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_type =
| blank_emblem_size =
| image_map = San_Luis_Obispo_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Lake_Nacimiento_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_caption = Location in [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]] and the state of [[California]]
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| image_dot_map =
| dot_mapsize =
| dot_map_caption =
| dot_x =
| dot_y =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =

| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =

| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = 
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| established_title2 = 
| established_date2 =
| established_title3 = 
| established_date3 =

| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 10.291
| area_land_sq_mi = 10.268
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.023
| area_total_km2 = 26.654
| area_land_km2 = 26.594
| area_water_km2 = 0.061
| area_water_percent = 0.23
| area_note =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank1_sq_mi =

| population_as_of = 2020
| population_footnotes =
| population_note =
| population_total = 2956
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_blank1_title =
| population_blank1 =
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi=

| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
| utc_offset = -8
| timezone_DST = PDT
| utc_offset_DST = -7
| coordinates = {{coord|35|44|15|N|120|52|53|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 300
| elevation_ft = 984

| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 93446
| area_code = [[Area code 805|805]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 06-39670
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1867034
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Lake Nacimiento, Ca.jpg|thumb|Creek leading into Lake Nacimiento.]]

'''Lake Nacimiento''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in northern [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]], [[California]], United States.

The population of Lake Nacimiento was 2,956 at the 2020 census, up from 2,411 at the 2010 census.

==Geography==
The community of Lake Nacimiento is located at [[Lake Nacimiento|Lake Nacimiento reservoir]], in the [[Santa Lucia Range|Santa Lucia Mountains]], at {{coord|35|44|15|N|120|52|53|W|type:city}} (35.737585, -120.881328).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|10.3|sqmi|km2}}, 99.77% of it land and 0.23% of it water. The lake is often referred to as [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Lake+Nacimiento,+CA/@35.7454936,-120.9545829,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x80ecd5469fc27b79:0x1e4757ac04ae7d5 Dragon Lake], due to its unusual but distinct shape.

===Climate===
The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for this climate is "[[Mediterranean climate|Csb]]" (Mediterranean Climate).<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=650640&cityname=Lake+Nacimiento%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Lake Nacimiento, CA]</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Lake Nacimiento, California
|single line = Yes
|Jan high F = 61
|Feb high F = 64
|Mar high F = 67
|Apr high F = 72
|May high F = 80
|Jun high F = 89
|Jul high F = 97
|Aug high F = 97
|Sep high F = 91
|Oct high F = 81
|Nov high F = 69
|Dec high F = 62
|year high F = 77
|Jan low F = 35
|Feb low F = 38
|Mar low F = 39
|Apr low F = 40
|May low F = 44
|Jun low F = 49
|Jul low F = 51
|Aug low F = 52
|Sep low F = 50
|Oct low F = 45
|Nov low F = 40
|Dec low F = 35
|year low F = 43
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.2
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.9
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.2
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.2
|May precipitation inch = 0.2
|Jun precipitation inch = 0
|Jul precipitation inch = 0
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.1
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.2
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.6
|Nov precipitation inch = 2
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.4
|year precipitation inch = 15
|source 1 = Weatherbase <ref name=Weatherbase>
{{cite web
|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=650640&cityname=Lake-Nacimiento-California-United-States-of-America
|publisher=Weatherbase
|title=Weatherbase.com
|year=2013
}}
Retrieved on June 23, 2013.
</ref>
|date=June 2013
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0639670|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715030432/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0639670|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Lake Nacimiento CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Lake Nacimiento had a population of 2,411. The population density was {{convert|234.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Lake Nacimiento was 2,153 (89.3%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 12 (0.5%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 44 (1.8%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 24 (1.0%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 5 (0.2%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 75 (3.1%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 98 (4.1%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 256 persons (10.6%).

The Census reported that 2,411 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,006 households, out of which 272 (27.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 581 (57.8%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 67 (6.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 45 (4.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 66 (6.6%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 11 (1.1%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 237 households (23.6%) were made up of individuals, and 69 (6.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40. There were 693 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (68.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.83.

The population was spread out, with 489 people (20.3%) under the age of 18, 163 people (6.8%) aged 18 to 24, 549 people (22.8%) aged 25 to 44, 865 people (35.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 345 people (14.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.1 years. For every 100 females there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.0 males.

There were 1,776 housing units at an average density of {{convert|172.6|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}, of which 771 (76.6%) were owner-occupied, and 235 (23.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.0%. 1,784 people (74.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 627 people (26.0%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 2,176 people, 904 households, and 676 families residing in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|293.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,283 housing units at an average density of {{convert|172.8|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.52% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.32% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.33% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.37% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.06% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.40% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 7.31% of the population.

There were 904 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.74.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 29.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $54,958, and the median income for a family was $57,206. Males had a median income of $41,447 versus $34,219 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $22,798. About 2.6% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
In the [[California State Legislature]], Lake Nacimiento is in {{Representative|casd|17|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|35|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
| title = Statewide Database
| publisher = UC Regents
| accessdate = December 30, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
| archive-date = February 1, 2015
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Lake Nacimiento is in {{Representative|cacd|24|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|24|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{San Luis Obispo County, California}}
{{Salinas River}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in San Luis Obispo County, California]]
[[Category:Santa Lucia Range]]

Phillipsville, California

2024-10-21T02:23:46Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ replace with verifiable data from PRISM

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement


|name = Phillipsville
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = [[Census designated place]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|pushpin_map =California
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in California

|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt County]]
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =

| population_total = 124
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Phillipsville, CA Population">{{cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Phillipsville+CDP;+California |website=data.census.gov |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto

|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref =US
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 0.743
| area_land_sq_mi = 0.715
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.028
| area_total_km2 = 1.925
| area_land_km2 = 1.852
| area_water_km2 = 0.073
| area_water_percent = 3.8
| area_note =


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -7

|
|established_title = 
|established_date =
|coordinates = {{coord|40|12|33|N|123|47|09|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|230600}}</ref>
|elevation_m =88
|elevation_ft =289

|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 95559
|area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code = [[Area code 707|707]]
|blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank_info = {{GNIS 4|230600}}, {{GNIS 4|2628776}}
|website =
|footnotes = {{gnis|230600}}; {{gnis|2628776}}

}}
'''Phillipsville''' (formerly '''Kettintelbe''', '''Philippsville''', and '''Phillips Flat''') is a [[census-designated place]]<ref>{{gnis|2628776}}</ref> in [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt County]], [[California]].<ref name=gnis /> It is located on the South Fork of the [[Eel River (California)|Eel River]] {{convert|7.5|mi|km}} north of [[Garberville, California|Garberville]],<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|121}}</ref> at an elevation of {{Convert|289|ft|m}}.<ref name=gnis /> It is the southernmost town on the [[California State Route 254|Avenue of the Giants]]. Near the town is the Chimney Tree [[redwood]], so named due to its resemblance to that object. The [[ZIP Code]] is 95559.<ref>[http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp USPS ZIP Code lookup tool]</ref> The community is inside [[area code 707]]. The population was 140 at the 2010 census.

==History==
A post office operated at Phillipsville from 1883 to 1912, and from 1948 to the present.<ref name=CGN /> The name was originally Philips Flat, in honor of George Stump Philips who settled at the place in 1865.<ref name=CGN /> The name was changed to Kettintelbe after a local Native American village, but reverted to Phillipsville when the post office reopened in 1948.<ref name=CGN /> Phillipsville was home to many popular lodgings, including the Riverwood Inn, Madrona Motel, and the DeerHorn Lodge.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hawk|first1=Diane|title=Touring the Old Redwood Highway : Humboldt County|date=2004|publisher=Hawk Mountaintop Pub.|location=Arcata, Calif.|isbn=0-9672162-4-9}}</ref>

==Climate==
{{Weather box
|location = Phillipsville, California, {{coord|40.2092|N|123.7858|W}}, {{convert|509|ft}}
|single line = Y
|width = auto

|Jan high F = 54.6
|Feb high F = 58.2
|Mar high F = 61.1
|Apr high F = 65.6
|May high F = 72.2
|Jun high F = 78.3
|Jul high F = 88.4
|Aug high F = 88.5
|Sep high F = 85.8
|Oct high F = 75.6
|Nov high F = 60.4
|Dec high F = 52.9

|Jan mean F = 46.5
|Feb mean F = 48.5
|Mar mean F = 50.5
|Apr mean F = 53.6
|May mean F = 58.9
|Jun mean F = 63.7
|Jul mean F = 70.2
|Aug mean F = 70.2
|Sep mean F = 67.1
|Oct mean F = 59.9
|Nov mean F = 50.7
|Dec mean F = 45.4

|Jan low F = 38.4
|Feb low F = 38.8
|Mar low F = 40.0
|Apr low F = 41.5
|May low F = 45.6
|Jun low F = 49.1
|Jul low F = 52.1
|Aug low F = 51.8
|Sep low F = 48.5
|Oct low F = 44.2
|Nov low F = 41.0
|Dec low F = 37.9

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 10.87
|Feb precipitation inch = 8.02
|Mar precipitation inch = 8.47
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.19
|May precipitation inch = 1.92
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.73
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.08
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.08
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.56
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.78
|Nov precipitation inch = 6.16
|Dec precipitation inch = 10.44

|source = PRISM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=Time Series Values for Individual Locations|publisher=PRISM Climate Group|access-date=20 October 2024|quote=Enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution. Click "Retrieve time series", then "Download time series"}}</ref> (spatially interpolated, 1991-2020 normals)
}}

==Demographics==
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0656854|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715032414/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0656854|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Phillipsville CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Phillipsville had a population of 140. The population density was {{convert|188.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Phillipsville was 121 (86.4%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0 (0.0%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 4 (2.9%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1 (0.7%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0 (0.0%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 14 (10.0%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 3 persons (2.1%).

The Census reported that 140 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 75 households, out of which 11 (14.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 17 (22.7%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 10 (13.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 5 (6.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 10 (13.3%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 0 (0%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 31 households (41.3%) were made up of individuals, and 9 (12.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.87. There were 32 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (42.7% of all households); the average family size was 2.47.

The population was spread out, with 14 people (10.0%) under the age of 18, 14 people (10.0%) aged 18 to 24, 33 people (23.6%) aged 25 to 44, 66 people (47.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 13 people (9.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

There were 87 housing units at an average density of {{convert|117.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 75 were occupied, of which 43 (57.3%) were owner-occupied, and 32 (42.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 0%. 82 people (58.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 58 people (41.4%) lived in rental housing units.

==Government==
In the [[California State Legislature]], Phillipsville is in {{Representative|casd|2|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|2|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Phillipsville is in {{Representative|cacd|2|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|2|access-date=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{portal-inline|California}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Humboldt County, California}}
{{Eel River}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Humboldt County, California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1865]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]

Cascade Locks, Oregon

2024-10-21T02:07:20Z

Hike395: Reverted edits by Aaghdam1722 (talk) to last version by Wikideas1

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{other uses|Cascade Locks and Canal}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Cascade Locks, Oregon
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_skyline = Cascadelocks1.png
| imagesize = 220px
| image_caption = Former locks on the [[Columbia River]], with the modern [[Bridge of the Gods (modern structure)|Bridge of the Gods]] in the background
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map = Hood_River_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Cascade_Locks_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_caption = Location in [[Oregon]]
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Oregon]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Oregon|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hood River County, Oregon|Hood River]]
| government_type =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Cathy Fallon
| established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date = 1935
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_sq_mi = 3.03
| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='41'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 7.85
| area_land_sq_mi = 2.08
| area_land_km2 = 5.40
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.95
| area_water_km2 = 2.46
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_note =
| population_total = 1530
| population_metro =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = 255.42
| population_density_sq_mi = 661.39
| timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|Pacific]]
| utc_offset = -8
| timezone_DST = Pacific
| utc_offset_DST = -7
| coordinates = {{coord|45|40|21|N|121|52|25|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft = 151
| website = {{URL|cascade-locks.or.us}}
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 97014
| area_code = [[Area codes 541 and 458|541 and 458]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 41-11600<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 2409403<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2409403}}</ref>
| footnotes =
| pop_est_footnotes =
| unit_pref = Imperial
}}
[[File:Sternwheeler, "J.N. Teal".jpg|thumb|[[Sternwheeler]] ''J.N. Teal'' in Cascade Locks, 1911

Note the [[Brass Era car]]s on foredeck.]]
'''Cascade Locks''' is a city in [[Hood River County, Oregon|Hood River County]], [[Oregon]], United States. The city got its name from [[Cascade Locks and Canal|a set of locks]] built to improve navigation past the [[Cascades Rapids]] of the [[Columbia River]]. The U.S. federal government approved the plan for the locks in 1875, construction began in 1878, and the locks were completed on November 5, 1896. The locks were subsequently submerged in 1938, replaced by [[Bonneville Dam|Bonneville Lock and Dam]], although the city did not lose land from the expansion of [[Lake Bonneville (Oregon)|Lake Bonneville]] behind the dam some {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} downstream of the city. The city population was 1,144 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web| url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4111600| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Cascade Locks city, Oregon| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| access-date=January 17, 2018| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213114320/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4111600| archive-date=February 13, 2020| url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Cascade Locks - DPLA - 64158b3b6f8c35c92cdac00472664257.jpg|thumb|City hall]]
[[Image:Cascade Locks Oregon post office.jpg|thumb|Post office in Cascade Locks, with the [[Columbia River]] in the background]]
Cascade Locks is just upstream from the [[Bridge of the Gods (modern structure)|Bridge of the Gods]], a toll bridge that spans the Columbia River. It is the only bridge across the Columbia between [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] and [[Hood River, Oregon|Hood River]]. Cascade Locks is a few miles upstream of [[Eagle Creek (Multnomah County, Oregon)|Eagle Creek]] Gorge, a popular scenic area that doubles as an alternate route for the Pacific Crest Trail. Cascade Locks is used frequently by hikers along the [[Pacific Crest Trail]] (PCT) to cross the Columbia River. Cascade Locks is the lowest point along the trail, which runs from the [[Mexico–United States border|Mexico–US border]] in [[California]] to the [[Canada–United States border|Canada–US border]] in [[Washington (state)|Washington]], and the largest city directly on the trail.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richard |first=Terry |date=August 30, 2015 |title=The softer, gentler approach to Pacific Crest Trail |page=R4 |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/travel/index.ssf/2015/08/pacific_crest_trail_stretches.html |work=The Oregonian |access-date=June 22, 2018}}</ref>

Since 1999 the [[Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs]] have been pursuing an off-reservation [[casino]] to be sited in Cascade Locks.<ref name=Oreg080311>{{cite news |title=Gamble in the Gorge? |first=Joshua |last=Partlow |work=The Oregonian |location=Portland, Oregon |date=March 11, 2008}}</ref> Since 2008 city officials have been pursuing an arrangement that would allow them to trade city well water for state-owned spring water and to sell it to [[Nestlé]] for bottling. In May 2016, Hood River County voters voted over 68% in favor to stop the project permanently.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kgw.com/news/local/green/cascade-locks-considers-action-after-nestle-plant-voted-down/201823300|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105094253/http://www.kgw.com:80/news/local/green/cascade-locks-considers-action-after-nestle-plant-voted-down/201823300|archive-date=2017-11-05|title=Cascade Locks considers action after Nestle plant voted down}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2016/05/anti-nestle_ballot_measure_in.html|title=Anti-Nestle ballot measure: Bid to block Cascade Locks water plant succeeds (Election results)|date=18 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://koin.com/2016/05/17/hood-river-county-voters-water-bottling-measure-nestle-05172016/ |title=Voters pass measure to keep Nestle out of Cascade Locks |access-date=2016-05-18 |archive-date=2017-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510043915/http://koin.com/2016/05/17/hood-river-county-voters-water-bottling-measure-nestle-05172016/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
Cascade Locks is in the northwest corner of Hood River County, on the south side of the [[Columbia River]]. It is bordered to the north (in the middle of the river) by [[Skamania County, Washington]]. The city of [[Stevenson, Washington]], is north of Cascade Locks across the river.

[[U.S. Route 30]] passes through the center of Cascade Locks as Wa Na Pa Street, joining [[Interstate 84 (Oregon–Utah)|Interstate 84]] at the east and west end of the downtown. Both exits with I-84 are labeled "44". I-84 and US 30 lead east {{convert|19|mi}} to [[Hood River, Oregon|Hood River]] and west {{convert|43|mi}} to [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]. US 30 provides access to the [[Bridge of the Gods (modern structure)|Bridge of the Gods]], a toll bridge which crosses the Columbia River to connect with [[Washington State Route 14]] between [[North Bonneville, Washington|North Bonneville]] and Stevenson.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city of Cascade Locks has a total area of {{convert|3.04|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|2.08|sqmi|sqkm|2}} are land and {{convert|0.96|sqmi|sqkm|2}} are water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-12-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=2012-07-02 }}</ref>

===Climate===
This region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above {{convert|71.6|F}}. According to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, Cascade Locks has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]] which is abbreviated as "Csb" on climate maps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=48057&cityname=Cascade+Locks,+Oregon,+United+States+of+America&units=|title=Cascade Locks, Oregon Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase}}</ref> The city receives an average of {{convert|76.27|in|abbr=on}} of [[precipitation]] per year.<ref name=wrcc>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?or1407 |title=Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary for Cascade Locks, Oregon |publisher=Western Regional Climate Center |access-date=2015-01-30}}</ref>

{{climate chart
| Cascade Locks (1894-2014 Averages)
|30.8 |40.4 |11.61
|33.5 |45.7 |9.20
|37.3 |54.1 |8.35
|41.6 |62.5 |4.99
|46.5 |68.3 |3.60
|51.5 |73.5 |2.25
|55.8 |80.3 |0.67
|55.8 |79.9 |1.00
|51.2 |72.9 |3.16
|45.7 |62.9 |6.22
|38.7 |50.1 |12.19
|33.8 |42.6 |13.03
|units = imperial
|source = <ref name=wrcc/>
}}
{{Weather box
|location = Cascade Locks, OR
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 41
|Feb high F = 46
|Mar high F = 54
|Apr high F = 61
|May high F = 68
|Jun high F = 73
|Jul high F = 81
|Aug high F = 80
|Sep high F = 75
|Oct high F = 63
|Nov high F = 50
|Dec high F = 42
|year high F =
|Jan low F = 32
|Feb low F = 34
|Mar low F = 36
|Apr low F = 41
|May low F = 47
|Jun low F = 52
|Jul low F = 57
|Aug low F = 57
|Sep low F = 51
|Oct low F = 45
|Nov low F = 38
|Dec low F = 33
|year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 11.61
|Feb precipitation inch = 9.19
|Mar precipitation inch = 8.33
|Apr precipitation inch = 5.21
|May precipitation inch = 3.49
|Jun precipitation inch = 2.20
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.55
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.78
|Sep precipitation inch = 2.60
|Oct precipitation inch = 6.65
|Nov precipitation inch = 12.20
|Dec precipitation inch = 13.07
|year precipitation inch=
| Jan snow inch = 8
| Feb snow inch = 5.5
| Mar snow inch = 1
| Apr snow inch = 0.0
| May snow inch = 0.0
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.0
| Oct snow inch = 0.0
| Nov snow inch = 1
| Dec snow inch = 5
| year snow inch =
|source 1 = Noaa<ref>[https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/] U.S. Climate Data. Retrieved April 29, 2022.</ref>
|date= April 2022
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1940= 703
|1950= 733
|1960= 660
|1970= 574
|1980= 838
|1990= 930
|2000= 1115
|2010= 1144
|2020= 1427
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 1,144 people, 445 households, and 305 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|550.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 502 housing units at an average density of {{convert|241.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 87.7% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.5% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.8% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.9% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.6% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 5.8% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 9.1% of the population.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21}}</ref>

There were 445 households, of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.5% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.95.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median age in the city was 40.8 years. 20.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 32.9% were from 45 to 64; and 11.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

==Transportation==
* [[Cascade Locks State Airport]]

The Historic Columbia River Highway [[U. S. Route 30 in Oregon|US 30]] runs through the city, and can be accessed by exit 44 from [[Interstate 84 in Oregon|I-84]]. The Bridge of the Gods connects Cascade Locks to Washington State Route 14.

[[Columbia Area Transit]] and [[Skamania County Transit]] provide local and intercity bus service to surrounding communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Columbia Gorge Express |url=https://www.ridecatbus.org/columbia-gorge-express/ |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=Columbia Area Transit |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Transit {{!}} Skamania County |url=https://www.skamaniacounty.org/departments-offices/senior-services/services/public-transportation/transportation-policies |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=www.skamaniacounty.org}}</ref>

==See also==
{{stack|{{portal|Oregon}}}}
* [[List of cities in Oregon]]
* [[Cascade Locks and Canal]], historical site after which the city is named
* [[Starvation Creek State Park]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/local/cities/a-d/cascade-locks.aspx Entry for Cascade Locks] in the ''[[Oregon Blue Book]]''
* [https://www.cascadelocks.com Cascade Locks Tourism]
* [https://www.portofcascadelocks.org Port of Cascade Locks]
* {{Oregon Encyclopedia|cascade_locks|Cascade Locks|Willingham, William}}

{{Hood River County, Oregon}}
{{s-start}}
!colspan=3|[[Historic Columbia River Highway]]
|-
|align=center|[[Sheridan State Park]]<br /><small>MP 44</small>
|align=center|'''Cascade Locks'''<br /><small>MP 45-46</small>
|align=center|[[Herman Creek Bridge]]<br /><small>MP 47.7</small>
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Oregon]]
[[Category:Cities in Hood River County, Oregon]]
[[Category:Columbia River Gorge]]
[[Category:Historic Columbia River Highway]]
[[Category:Oregon populated places on the Columbia River]]
[[Category:Port cities in Oregon]]
[[Category:1935 establishments in Oregon]]

User talk:Vsmith

2024-10-21T02:06:15Z

Hike395: /* Editor making unsourced/unverifiable changes to many climate boxes, despite 4 warnings */ new section

{{administrator}}
{{User:Dbachmann/moon1|q={{#expr:((({{CURRENTJULIANDAY}}-2454000.98958)/29.530588*4000) mod 4000)/1000}}}}

'''Please note - rules of the game!'''
I usually answer comments & questions on this page rather than on your talk (unless initiated there) to keep the conversation thread together. I am aware that some wikiers do things differently so let me know if you expect a reply on your page and maybe it'll happen :-)

==Archives==
{{cot|title=Archive list}}
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*[[User talk:Vsmith/archive1|Archive 1]] 7/7/2004 - 6/15/2005
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*[[User talk:Vsmith/Archive29|Archive 29]] 01/01/19 - 12/31/19
{{col-end}}
{{cob}}

== Edits on [[Newcastle, Oklahoma]] ==

Hi, I haven't visited the Newcastle page in a bit and noticed you had removed an old newspaper I had included as sort of color and to show the referenced "scampering" that was indicated in the article. I was kind of puzzled why you took it out and I would like to add it back, but wanted to get your take on this before I changed anything. I think it provides a neat bit of historical context to go to the tornado section, especially considering how odd the quote sounds to modern ears. Anyhow.... looking forward to hearing from you on this. -- [[User:Avanu|Avanu]] ([[User talk:Avanu|talk]]) 23:43, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

:Go for it (as long as it is a "reliable source", that was a while back and it isn't on my watchlist ... [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 18:58, 24 April 2024 (UTC)

== [[Gourd Creek]] and [[Beaver Creek (Little Piney Creek tributary)]] ==

I have reverted your restoration of the articles [[Gourd Creek]] and [[Beaver Creek (Little Piney Creek tributary)]] and made them redirects again. The consensus at [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mill Creek (Little Piney Creek tributary)]] was clear, it was determined that these subjects did not merit separate articles. I am shocked that you, as an administrator, would flippantly disregard that consensus and act unilaterally to revert that decision. [[User:Explicit|<span style="color:#000000">✗</span>]][[User talk:Explicit|<span style="color:white;background:black;font-family:felix titling;font-size:80%">plicit</span>]] 00:29, 9 June 2022 (UTC)
:Yeah "flippantly disregard" - ain't that cute? And "shocked" ! I simply created articles about two valid streams based on their existence and the evidence on relevant topographic maps. I'm shocked that a group of wikipedians would take it upon themselves to destroy and delete valid articles about existing streams. Those deletionists routinely work to destroy Wikipedia as a comprehensive encyclopedia. As a editor and admin I take Wikipedia seriously and have worked for nearly 20 years to improve and expand this project - I assure you there be no "flippant disregard" here. So take your phoney "shock" and shove it. Sorry 'bout that. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 12:05, 9 June 2022 (UTC)
== Nomination of [[:Haydite, Missouri]] for deletion ==
<div class="afd-notice">
<div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div>A discussion is taking place as to whether the article '''[[:Haydite, Missouri]]''' is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to [[Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines|Wikipedia's policies and guidelines]] or whether it should be [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deleted]].

The article will be discussed at [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Haydite, Missouri]] until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished.
</div> [[User:MB|<b style="color:#034503">MB</b>]] 03:48, 15 June 2022 (UTC)

== Edits on [[Paracel Islands]] ==

Would you care to explain why you reverted my edits on [[Paracel Islands]] with no reasoning? –[[User:Aidan721|Aidan721]] ([[User talk:Aidan721|talk]]) 00:16, 23 June 2022 (UTC)
:Just a bunch of underlined spaces ... couldn't see a need for that. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 01:07, 23 June 2022 (UTC)
::It's the proper formatting for infobox parameters per [[WP:INFOBOXNAME]]. –[[User:Aidan721|Aidan721]] ([[User talk:Aidan721|talk]]) 01:16, 23 June 2022 (UTC)

== Thank you for your edit!! ==

Thank you Vsmith for your edit to [[Zebulon, North Carolina]], correcting the GNIS citation links with better code! It wasn't a large edit or anything, but the town means a lot to me and I love to see any edits benefitting the article, as it doesn't get many. I really appreciate you spending you time to fix this. Thanks again! 😁 --[[User:Johnson524|Johnson524]] ([[User talk:Johnson524|talk]]) 02:51, 23 June 2022 (UTC)

== I have sent you a note about a page you started ==

Hello, Vsmith

Thank you for creating [[Wakefieldite-(Ce)]].

[[User:Scope creep]], while examining this page as a part of our [[WP:NPP|page curation process]], had the following comments:

{{Bq|1=Any chance of an image.}}

To reply, leave a comment here and begin it with {{code|<nowiki>{{Re|</nowiki>Scope creep<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}}. Please remember to sign your reply with {{code|<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>}} .

<small>(Message delivered via the [[Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help|Page Curation]] tool, on behalf of the reviewer.)</small>

'''<span style="text-shadow:7px 7px 8px black; font-family:Papyrus">[[User:scope_creep|<span style="color:#3399ff">scope_creep</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:scope_creep#top|Talk]]</sup></span>''' 17:03, 4 August 2022 (UTC)
:I don't have an image - and don't think I have a specimen of wakefiedlite (either Ce or La) in my collection. Sorry 'bout that. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 18:08, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

== I have sent you a note about a page you started ==

Hello, Vsmith

Thank you for creating [[Wakefieldite-(La)]].

[[User:Scope creep]], while examining this page as a part of our [[WP:NPP|page curation process]], had the following comments:

{{Bq|1=Hi, would this not be better in a table in the [[Wakefieldite]] article.}}

To reply, leave a comment here and begin it with {{code|<nowiki>{{Re|</nowiki>Scope creep<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}}. Please remember to sign your reply with {{code|<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>}} .

<small>(Message delivered via the [[Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help|Page Curation]] tool, on behalf of the reviewer.)</small>

'''<span style="text-shadow:7px 7px 8px black; font-family:Papyrus">[[User:scope_creep|<span style="color:#3399ff">scope_creep</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:scope_creep#top|Talk]]</sup></span>''' 17:04, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

== Transylvania Etymology ==

Good afternoon,

I am wondering why the additions to the etymology of the word Ardeal has been deleted, together with reference? The source, and a few other etymologists, support the theory of this word deriving from a Proto-Indo-European etymon, yet, on the main page only the variant from Hungarian language is recognised.

Hope to hear from you soon!

Kind regards,
Adrian [[User:Aristeus01|Aristeus01]] ([[User talk:Aristeus01|talk]]) 13:11, 8 August 2022 (UTC)
:Seems that your wording was a bit confusing and your referencing was quite simply a mess. Sorry 'bout that. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 17:30, 8 August 2022 (UTC)
::Fair enough. I'll try to do better. Thanks! [[User:Aristeus01|Aristeus01]] ([[User talk:Aristeus01|talk]]) 17:35, 8 August 2022 (UTC)

== To lock article Stateless Nations ==

Hello Vsmith 👋
Stateless Nations Article become a controversial page as people of certain ideology, regardless of the neutrality of Wikipedia, have added and removed many names from the list of this page without providing any reliable source, to avoid this, I request you to lock this page. [[User:Shubhdeep Sandhu|Shubhdeep Sandhu]] ([[User talk:Shubhdeep Sandhu|talk]]) 14:05, 16 August 2022 (UTC)

:No thanks. And if I were to do so, I would undo your recent addition first. We don't do this sort of thing. Sorry 'bout that - [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 16:10, 16 August 2022 (UTC)

== Amhara page ==

Why did you deleted all the sources from the Amhara page that the user yonasJH deleted. Why? I don’t understand? [[Special:Contributions/2A00:A040:194:C4AF:709D:E8CF:7C32:6DF6|2A00:A040:194:C4AF:709D:E8CF:7C32:6DF6]] ([[User talk:2A00:A040:194:C4AF:709D:E8CF:7C32:6DF6|talk]]) 14:56, 31 August 2022 (UTC)

:I know I reverted edits by someone evading their block, as is standard practice. [[User:Doug Weller|<span style="color:#070">Doug Weller</span>]] [[User talk:Doug Weller|talk]] 15:04, 31 August 2022 (UTC)

== Huygens edit made ==

Dear Vsmith,
I made an edit regarding Ango's publication detailing the first wave theory of light and I attempted to provide the reference, which I suspect was clumsy in execution. Regardless I think it was a relevant and factual edit that was also fascinating and I am wondering why it was deleted?
Yours sincerely,
Jonathan - fellow geologist/geophysicist [[User:Jcdownes|Jcdownes]] ([[User talk:Jcdownes|talk]]) 15:30, 3 September 2022 (UTC)

:Sorry, but what was the specific article you are referring to? [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 18:25, 3 September 2022 (UTC)
:Christiaan Huygens. "With regard to the wave theory, both Huygens and another author, Pierre Ango (1640-1694), a professor of mathematics at Rouen, had studied the experiments of Jesuit Ignace-Gaston Pardies, described in a manuscript which was never published. These experiments seem to have suggested to Ango and Huygens their wave and light theory. Ango published in 1682 a work which was actually the first hypothesis that stated the wave nature of light, and Huygens had a copy of this treatise in his library [https://bibnum.education.fr/sites/default/files/37-foucault-analysis.pdf>" [[User:Jcdownes|Jcdownes]] ([[User talk:Jcdownes|talk]]) 23:45, 3 September 2022 (UTC)
::Seems when I try to go to that website I get a warning about it being unsafe ... so decided not. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 00:11, 4 September 2022 (UTC)
:::The author of the book which I referenced provides his own sub-references:
:::4. L’Optique, by P. Pierre Ango, Paris, Michallet, 1682 (on line in Google Books).
:::5. Catalog of the Huygens sale, Moetjens, La Hague, 1695, page 13.
:::Should I use those instead?
:::Regards,
:::Jonathan [[User:Jcdownes|Jcdownes]] ([[User talk:Jcdownes|talk]]) 03:47, 4 September 2022 (UTC)
::::Best to cite the source you used. At least that is what I would do. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 12:17, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

== Incomprehensible ==

{{cquote|In addition, the scientific research in the area of computational mechanism for trust and reputation in virtual societies was oriented to increase the reliability and performance of electronic communities such as Wikipedia with more quantitative methods and temporal factors.<ref>{{Cite conference |author1=Longo L. |author2=Dondio P. |author3=Barrett S. |title=Temporal factors to evaluate trustworthiness of virtual identities |book-title=Proceedings of the third international conference on security and privacy in communication networks |year=2007 |publisher=IEEE |url=http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/2262/39200/1/Temporal%20Factors.pdf |access-date=January 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228100448/http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/2262/39200/1/Temporal%20Factors.pdf |archive-date=December 28, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>|source={{section link|Reliability of Wikipedia|Criteria for evaluating reliability}}}}
Hi,

you reverted my tagging of this sentence as "incomprehensible". Do you not agree that so many of its constituent terms and phrases make so little sense taken out of the context of the referenced research paper that the whole thing ends up conveying essentially zero worthwhile information to a typical reader? Maybe I just didn't pick quite the right tag? To be clear, the sentences immediately before and after are just fine; this one sorely sticks out.

Cheers,

- [[Special:Contributions/2A02:560:582D:CE00:75A0:2629:82EB:98FE|2A02:560:582D:CE00:75A0:2629:82EB:98FE]] ([[User talk:2A02:560:582D:CE00:75A0:2629:82EB:98FE|talk]]) 19:07, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
:It is a direct quote of a "scholarly" source. And, yes it is rather poorly written as is all to common as such ... [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 20:49, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
::Except it's not formatted as a quote, and searching for it in the pdf comes up blank. More like someone skimmed some of the jargon and stuck it together with garbled grammar. Either way, as it is, it adds no value whatsoever to the article. A quick look at the paper itself makes me think that its prose is fine, and that it's indeed potentially relevant to this article. Maybe get rid of the silly sentence altogether and stick the source someplace else?
::- [[Special:Contributions/2A02:560:582D:CE00:75A0:2629:82EB:98FE|2A02:560:582D:CE00:75A0:2629:82EB:98FE]] ([[User talk:2A02:560:582D:CE00:75A0:2629:82EB:98FE|talk]]) 22:11, 13 September 2022 (UTC)

== Amhara people ==

Hi, you lastly removed thousands of written sources from the Wikipedia page of the Amhara people because you claimed it was “poorly written” which make no sense. it wasn’t poorly written and now the page is closed. [[Special:Contributions/213.137.70.40|213.137.70.40]] ([[User talk:213.137.70.40|talk]]) 19:41, 15 September 2022 (UTC)
:"removed thousands of written sources" I think not eh? [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 20:36, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

Yes. You removed many sources from the page of the Amhara people because you claimed it was “poorly written” [[User:Tamart0290|Tamart0290]] ([[User talk:Tamart0290|talk]]) 22:03, 15 September 2022 (UTC)
:And who are you? Seems this claim is your only post. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 23:23, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

in August 31 (which is 15 days ago) you removed many sources from the page of the Amhara people. And you wrote that the reason that you remove it was because it was “poorly written” [[User:Tamart0290|Tamart0290]] ([[User talk:Tamart0290|talk]]) 00:20, 16 September 2022 (UTC)
:So? and again who are you - just go edit something and quit this harassment. Sorry 'bout that ... --[[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 00:27, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

Sorry to bother you, but I want to edit all the stuff that you removed from the page of the Amhara people on the 30 of August. I did edit request multiple times but no one took a look at this or even bother to. Can you please open the page of the Amhara people so I can edit they stuff that were removed? [[User:Tamart0290|Tamart0290]] ([[User talk:Tamart0290|talk]]) 01:02, 18 September 2022 (UTC)
:Sorry, but no - the page was protected by another admin - based on disruptive editing. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 01:25, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

the* [[User:Tamart0290|Tamart0290]] ([[User talk:Tamart0290|talk]]) 01:03, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

Ok. So can’t you edit back all the sources/informations that you removed on August 30? [[User:Tamart0290|Tamart0290]] ([[User talk:Tamart0290|talk]]) 03:52, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

Because that page got closed right after your removed all the sources. [[User:Tamart0290|Tamart0290]] ([[User talk:Tamart0290|talk]]) 03:53, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

you* [[User:Tamart0290|Tamart0290]] ([[User talk:Tamart0290|talk]]) 04:36, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

I don’t understand. ok. The page is closed and you can do about it. But why can’t you put back all the sources that you removed on August 30? [[User:Tamart0290|Tamart0290]] ([[User talk:Tamart0290|talk]]) 20:13, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

I don’t understand. ok. The page is closed and there is nothing you can do about it. But why can’t you put back all the sources that you removed on August 30? [[User:Tamart0290|Tamart0290]] ([[User talk:Tamart0290|talk]]) 20:14, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

== Amhara page ==

Hi, the user yonas J deleted all the sources that i edited on the page of the Amhara people. Why is that happening? those are well established sources. it is not the first time that He is doing that. [[User:Tamart0290|Tamart0290]] ([[User talk:Tamart0290|talk]]) 18:54, 21 September 2022 (UTC)

== Firefly115 ==

You are aware that user is going around willy-nilly creating wikilinks, I've left warnings for [[WP:OVERLINKING]] on their talk. - <span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS">[[User:FlightTime|<span style="color:#800000">'''FlightTime'''</span>]] <small>([[User talk:FlightTime|<span style="color:#1C0978">'''open channel'''</span>]])</small></span> 02:22, 22 September 2022 (UTC)

:Great, an Admin who doesn't reply. Cheers, - <span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS">[[User:FlightTime|<span style="color:#800000">'''FlightTime'''</span>]] <small>([[User talk:FlightTime|<span style="color:#1C0978">'''open channel'''</span>]])</small></span> 17:53, 22 September 2022 (UTC)
::Hi ... replied, roll on down the line. Cheers back atcha. Sorry 'bout that - was busy elsewhere ... --[[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 18:03, 22 September 2022 (UTC)

== single-crystal ==

Hi. Thank you for contributing to Wikipedia.

Could you please explain your reasons for [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Single_crystal&type=revision&diff=1112153242&oldid=1112116119 this revert?] If i understand correctly, ''single crystal'' (no hyphen) is the noun form, ''single-crystal'' (with hyphen) is the adjective form, and the subject of the article is the thing (noun), not the adjective. While the grammar as you restored it is correct, i find it confusing; the comma after the hyphenated ''single-crystal'' makes that read like a noun form, which makes the [[appositive]] phrase ''or monocrystalline'' read like ''monocrystalline'' is a noun (like [[tourmaline]] or gasoline), and then the next word is a noun (which can also be an adjective), which is just jarring.

Also, i have observed that Wikipedia tends to start each article with a sentence that includes the name or names of the article's subject in bold, which would generally be the noun, not the adjective. The way you restored the bold text reinforces my incorrect impression of the bolded terms being nouns instead of adjectives.

i hope this makes sense and you can explain to me how my edit was inappropriate, if it was inappropriate. Cheers! --[[Special:Contributions/173.67.42.107|173.67.42.107]] ([[User talk:173.67.42.107|talk]]) 05:50, 25 September 2022 (UTC)

:Feel free to restore your edit as I wasn't aware of the reasoning ... cheers, [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 12:35, 25 September 2022 (UTC)

== Back yard ==

Nice back yard! [[Special:Contributions/86.140.233.62|86.140.233.62]] ([[User talk:86.140.233.62|talk]]) 00:48, 1 October 2022 (UTC)

== Is this ok? "Russian puppet state" ==

Hello,

I see you reverted an edit done by user [[Special:Contributions/180.71.27.249|180.71.27.249]] on the [[Moldova]] page. The first passage of the article now reads: "The [[List of states with limited recognition|unrecognised Russian puppet state]] of [[Transnistria]] lies across the [[Dniester]] on..."

Shouldn't it be just "unrecognised Russian state", or another lesser charged wording, to keep the tone politically neutral?

Cheers! [[User:Dhyana b|Dhyana b]] ([[User talk:Dhyana b|talk]]) 04:35, 12 October 2022 (UTC)

==Disambiguation link notification for November 16==

An automated process has detected that when you recently edited [[Hudson Bay Lowlands]], you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page [[Seal]].

([[User:DPL bot|Opt-out instructions]].) --[[User:DPL bot|DPL bot]] ([[User talk:DPL bot|talk]]) 06:05, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

== Link restored in List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points : not the good Mount Risou ==

Hello,
The correct Mount Risou is in France (the coordinates are OK) but the link point toward a mountain called Mont Risoux in Switzerland witch is not the good one ! (I'm also retreated science teacher at secondary school !).
I did not find any good link to the correct Mount Risou, so I prefered no link at all and the correct writing of Mont Risou, Hautes-Alpes, France.
Best regards and thanks
Philippe [[User:Lospinguinos|Lospinguinos]] ([[User talk:Lospinguinos|talk]]) 15:46, 17 November 2022 (UTC)

== December 2022 ==

[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Normchou|Normchou]]. I noticed that you added or changed content in an article, [[:Eco-terrorism]], but you didn't provide a [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable source]]. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|include a citation]] and re-add it, please do so. You can have a look at [[Help:Referencing for beginners|referencing for beginners]]. If you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on [[User talk:Normchou|my talk page]]. ''Hi, I restored the version before your last revert. Please refer to the source if you still have any doubts.''  <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:0 7px;background:#555">[[User:Normchou|<span style="color:#FFF">'''Normchou'''</span>]]</span> <sup>[[User talk:Normchou|💬]]</sup> 16:36, 27 December 2022 (UTC)

== Happy New Year, Vsmith! ==
<div style="border: 3px solid #FFD700; background-color: #FFFAF0; padding:0.2em 0.4em; height:auto; min-height:173px; border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75);" class="plainlinks">
[[File:Fuochi d'artificio.gif|left|x173px]][[File:Happy new year 01.svg|x173px|right]]
{{Paragraph break}}
{{Center|{{resize|179%|'''''[[New Year|Happy New Year]]!'''''}}}}
'''Vsmith''',<br />Have a prosperous, productive and enjoyable [[New Year]], and thanks for your contributions to Wikipedia.
<br /><span style="color: blue">—</span> [[User:Moops|<span style="color: green ">Moops</span>]] <sup><span style="font-size:80%">⋠[[User talk:Moops|<span style="color: indigo">'''T'''</span>]]⋡</span></sup> 20:54, 1 January 2023 (UTC)<br /><br />
</div>
   ''{{resize|88%|Send New Year cheer by adding {{tls|Happy New Year fireworks}} to user talk pages.}}''
{{clear}} <span style="color: blue">—</span> [[User:Moops|<span style="color: green ">Moops</span>]] <sup><span style="font-size:80%">⋠[[User talk:Moops|<span style="color: indigo">'''T'''</span>]]⋡</span></sup> 20:54, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

== This man is not Muslim caliphate first you make sure that now today muslim don't have caliphate this is wrong information that you make on your platform please remove this man on our caliphate list he is not a Muslim ==

Remove this man on caliphate list he is not a muslim and don't play with muslim hearts please [[Special:Contributions/37.159.107.6|37.159.107.6]] ([[User talk:37.159.107.6|talk]]) 13:33, 4 January 2023 (UTC)
:I have no clue who "this man" is or what edit you are referring to ... Sorry 'bout that. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 14:35, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

== Edit For Chelsea, Alabama ==

One of your edits were copied and pasted with too much info!!! [[User:Jpoe9900|Jpoe9900]] ([[User talk:Jpoe9900|talk]]) 15:48, 28 January 2023 (UTC)
:Eh ... which one? [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 18:20, 28 January 2023 (UTC)

== Geolocation changes on [[Buford, Georgia]] ==

Hey I saw [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buford,_Georgia&diff=prev&oldid=1146436233 this edit] and checked the change, and [https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/summary/2403950 the GNIS] doesn't appear to list those coordinates, which [https://www.google.com/maps?ll=34.136389,-83.033056&q=34.136389,-83.033056&hl=en&t=m&z=12 are quite far] from the city, just over [https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Buford,+Georgia/34.136389,-83.033056/@34.2023529,-84.0949083,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m8!4m7!1m5!1m1!1s0x88f593ea66a0a471:0x403886d5ea9eb62f!2m2!1d-84.0043513!2d34.1206564!1m0?hl=en 70 miles] to the east of the city. Was this a typo in the edit, or am I looking at something on here wrong? I didn't want to mess with the changes without asking first. Thanks. - [[User:Aoidh|Aoidh]] ([[User talk:Aoidh|talk]]) 21:52, 24 March 2023 (UTC)
:The coords were from the GNIS page - I picked the average (sorta) from the four given. They are all within a two minute range. Could be the gnis has an error - will check with a topo map. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 22:09, 24 March 2023 (UTC)
:Just checked the topo and Buford is at the intersection of four quadrangles at 34 07 30 N and 84 0 0 W. So I'll keep my edit. Sorry 'bout that. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 22:37, 24 March 2023 (UTC)
:Well ... I see I had longitude at 83 instead of 84, so fixed it now ... sorry 'bout that. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 23:18, 24 March 2023 (UTC)
::All good, thanks. - [[User:Aoidh|Aoidh]] ([[User talk:Aoidh|talk]]) 01:55, 25 March 2023 (UTC)

== Chinese atomism ==

i am extremely sorry for my poor writing so i apologies for it but the reference has a very good evidence about the atomic view by Chinese philosophy.You can help expanding the article by using this
link https://www.jstor.org/stable/6621 [[User:Cuando de hyiopi|Cuando de hyiopi]] ([[User talk:Cuando de hyiopi|talk]]) 00:22, 30 March 2023 (UTC)

==Your recent contributions to [[Mud Center, Indiana]]==

[[File:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px|alt=Stop icon]] You may be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked from editing]] without further warning''' the next time you [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]] Wikipedia, as you did at [[:Mud Center, Indiana]].  [[User:Not welcome at da SD|Not welcome at da SD]] ([[User talk:Not welcome at da SD|talk]]) 18:57, 6 April 2023 (UTC)
:That be a rather odd comment. Please explain the problem at Mud Center is your view. Thanks in advance. :) [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 18:59, 6 April 2023 (UTC)
:::Hey @[[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]]: Disregard the warning. It was made by a vandalism only account that spammed similar warnings across a number of user's pages. I'm going through reverting their edits now, which is how I found this conversation. [[User:Hey man im josh|Hey man im josh]] ([[User talk:Hey man im josh|talk]]) 19:04, 6 April 2023 (UTC)

== Autry Technology Center ==

Hey, noticed your interest in Enid and in teaching. I’ve been trying to get a separate page for the [[Autry Technology Center]] in Enid, but have run up against a reviewer who thinks it isn’t “notable” enough. You might want to check out the Autry page, then click on the deletion discussion page link, second line from the top and—if you agree the page should stay—leave a comment recommending that it not be deleted. Thanks. [[User:TulGuy|TulGuy]] ([[User talk:TulGuy|talk]]) 19:47, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

== Your edits to 'Notable People' of 'Deer Lodge, MT' ==

Apparently on Jan. 8, 2023, you deleted 4 entries I had previously made to Deer Lodge's Notable People. You also made it impossible for me to simply undo what you did. May I ask why? Please advise! In lieu of a satisfactory reply I will add them again, and lodge a complaint. Thank you. (By the way, if it was you who linked James H. Mills to James Henry Mills, please note that the former was long dead when the latter was born.) [[User:Jwilsonjwilson|Jwilsonjwilson]] ([[User talk:Jwilsonjwilson|talk]]) 06:16, 25 April 2023 (UTC)
:Sorry about that Mills error - so it goes. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 12:38, 25 April 2023 (UTC)
::And your reason for deleting the other 4? [[User:Jwilsonjwilson|Jwilsonjwilson]] ([[User talk:Jwilsonjwilson|talk]]) 19:35, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
:::Took a look and cut some excess as details are to be found in linked articles. Keep the list entries brief. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 23:07, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
::::Words fail me. [[User:Jwilsonjwilson|Jwilsonjwilson]] ([[User talk:Jwilsonjwilson|talk]]) 04:08, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
::::Please forgive my perhaps non-neutral replies. Although I've had a Wikipedia ID for some time, I rarely contribute, and I do appreciate the hard work that dedicated admins like yourself perform. I did ask for a third party opinion and was properly rebuffed. I really just want to understand how to deal with the notable people in the Deer Lodge article. Again I apologize. Thank you. [[User:Jwilsonjwilson|Jwilsonjwilson]] ([[User talk:Jwilsonjwilson|talk]]) 16:37, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
:::::No problem. To "deal with the notable people" is quite simple (maybe); just find a valid reference or two which support their notability and write the article. Local or regional news articles would be most likely - unless the are widely known (or notorious). [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 21:15, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
::::::Thanks. Appreciate your attention to this matter. Does your '''rewrite''' refer only to the [[Deer Lodge, Montana]] article or to separate articles for each person which would then be referenced by the main article? Articles supporting notability can, as I recall, be dicey. Most of what I've been able to find on one of them consists of newspaper articles in the '''New Northwest''' newspaper, which was Deer Lodge's only newspaper at that (1870's, 1880's) time. (Note that this is NOT [[The New Northwest]] article in Wikipedia.) As I recall, Wikipedia frowns on newspaper articles, preferring secondary sources. I wouldn't want to waste our time if newspaper articles are excluded. Your take? [[User:Jwilsonjwilson|Jwilsonjwilson]] ([[User talk:Jwilsonjwilson|talk]]) 02:55, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
::::::Oops! Bad me. I see your reference to '''local or regional news articles'''. Can I take that as an endorsement of the sort of newspaper articles which I described above? One qualifying factor might be that all issues of the '''New Northwest''' are available for searching on '''Newspapers.com'''. [[User:Jwilsonjwilson|Jwilsonjwilson]] ([[User talk:Jwilsonjwilson|talk]]) 03:00, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
::::::By the bye, '''James H. Mills''' was the long time owner/editor of the '''New Northwest''', among a number of other things. [[User:Jwilsonjwilson|Jwilsonjwilson]] ([[User talk:Jwilsonjwilson|talk]]) 03:02, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
:::::::Looks like you have a grasp on what is needed - charge on and have fun along the way --[[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 12:19, 6 May 2023 (UTC) And separate articles would be the best if supporting refs are available. Individuals can be mentioned within the article (without having their own article) assuming the added content can be referenced. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 12:25, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks much. Keep you posted. [[User:Jwilsonjwilson|Jwilsonjwilson]] ([[User talk:Jwilsonjwilson|talk]]) 02:42, 7 May 2023 (UTC)

== Vera Cruz, Missouri and Clark's Mill ==

I've gotten the impression that you're familiar with the geography of the Douglas/Ozark county areas. I've been working on [[Battle of Clark's Mill]], and want to make sure that the geography I've pieced together from the sources is correct. The article before I added sources made reference to the Bertha area, but the sources I consulted all refer to the Bertha area as just the location's relative position to Rockbridge, so I guess Bertha didn't exist until after 1862 maybe? One of the sources (Nichols), claimed the blockhouse at Clark's Mill was on "Big Beaver Creek", but maps I looked at show that Creek being out by Arno and not near Vera Cruz as well. So that claim is not in the article. Not even Elmo Ingenthron's old ''Borderland Rebellion'' book that focuses on the Springfield-to-Arkansas area has much to say on this one, largely just quoting the Federal commander's report.

I spent a couple days over in Ava for work in 2021, but otherwise don't have any first hand experience with the area. [[User:Hog Farm|Hog Farm]] <sub> ''[[User talk:Hog Farm|Talk]]''</sub> 05:22, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
:Bertha is about 8 miles southeast of Vera Cruz on Fox Creek just north of Bryant Creek and three miles northeast of Rockbridge. The Rome area is on Beaver Creek southwest of Ava (~9 miles) and ~15 miles WSW of Vera Cruz. There was Civil War action in the Rome area altho I'm not familiar with the details. One of the buildings from the Rome area was moved and is now located along Hwy 14 near the east city limits of Ava. The museum in Ava has considerable material about the Civil War era in Douglas County (only open on Saturdays last I knew). The museum publishes a journal (1 or 2 issues per year) and some of those have articles about the locations of interest - I have a few of them somewhere ... :) If my memory kicks in with more info ... or whatever I'll pass it along. Will celebrate my 80th birthday in a week - so I might forget :) Cheers! [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 17:26, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
== CS1 error on [[Iron(II) oxide]] ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] Hello, I'm [[User:Qwerfjkl (bot)|Qwerfjkl (bot)]]. I have '''automatically detected''' that [[Special:Diff/1157011741|this edit]] performed by you, on the page [[:Iron(II) oxide]], may have introduced referencing errors. They are as follows:
* A "[[:Category:CS1 errors: bare URL|bare URL]] and [[:Category:CS1 errors: missing title|missing title]]" error. References show this error when they do not have a title. Please edit the article to add the appropriate title parameter to the reference. ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iron(II)_oxide&action=edit&minor=minor&summary=Fixing+reference+error+raised+by+%5B%5BUser%3AQwerfjkl%20(bot)%7CQwerfjkl%20(bot)%5D%5D Fix] | [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&preload=User:Qwerfjkl%20(bot)/helpform&preloadtitle=Referencing%20errors%20on%20%5B%5BSpecial%3ADiff%2F1157011741%7CIron(II)%20oxide%5D%5D Ask for help])
Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a [[false positive]], you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&preload=User:Qwerfjkl/Botpreload&editintro=User:Qwerfjkl/boteditintro&minor=&title=User_talk:Qwerfjkl&preloadtitle=Qwerfjkl%20(bot)%20–%20Qwerfjkl_(bot)&section=new report it to my operator].
Thanks, [[User:Qwerfjkl (bot)|Qwerfjkl (bot)]] ([[User talk:Qwerfjkl (bot)|talk]]) 19:34, 25 May 2023 (UTC)

== Block evading IP ==

Hi, thanks for blocking the IP https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/24.59.36.170 . the user is still editing under his IPv6 range though, could you block that too? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/2603:7080:5000:1F:711B:E366:9051:EF0D/64 thanks! --[[User:FMSky|FMSky]] ([[User talk:FMSky|talk]]) 14:19, 5 June 2023 (UTC)

== Reverting well-meant edits on “Relative Density” ==

Your recent reversion of my contribution included the comment: ''“Sorry, but the paragraph was not sourced, if it can be sourced ... then provide a reference.”'' This is the sort of thing that puts people off contributing to Wikipedia. Reading through the current article, probably 99% of the content likewise have no references. These have all been contributed over the years as the page was slowly developed by well-meaning contributors, and accepted by general consensus over the years by numerous editors making judgment calls, either because the topic was within their area of expertise or because it simply interested them. On what basis have you decided to delete '''my''' contribution, but '''not''' deleted the remaining 99% of unsourced entries? Is it simply because mine is something new? Something that '''you've''' never thought of and thus obviously can't be true? I can easily search through the Internet to find you some relevant sources. But you know what? It's not worth it to me. I just thought it was worthwhile information. Your mindless deletion, undoubtedly justified by some Wikipedia rule, doesn't affect me. Instead, it affects the spread of useful knowledge. What a waste. [[Special:Contributions/115.64.108.207|115.64.108.207]] ([[User talk:115.64.108.207|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2023 (UTC)

== Weird name change ==

Just a heads up, you changed a name [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mankato%2C_Minnesota&diff=1162415492&oldid=1160864240 from "Susan Arntz" to "Susan Rants"] while updating gnis info. I'm guessing it was some kind of autocorrect error? If so, you may want to disable it while doing other updates. For a split second I thought it was some kind of sneaky vandalism, haha. [[User:Woodroar|Woodroar]] ([[User talk:Woodroar|talk]]) 01:46, 29 June 2023 (UTC)
:Thanks for catching that ... I have no clue what caused that glitch. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 01:51, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

== Can you edit a article? ==

Hi,

You made an insightful contribution to the Hindu Kush article, however the page has been a victim of abuse by anon and biased users, trying to alter meanings and context. I had made a contribution as an improvement but it was reverted by an annoying wiki user and I haven’t yet figured out all the tools.

Would you be able to check your contribution and see if can still be added on?

Thank you. [[User:IsTruthSweet|IsTruthSweet]] ([[User talk:IsTruthSweet|talk]]) 19:40, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

:Sorry, but I see no evidence of "abuse by anon and biased users". I took a look at your edit to the page ... and quite simply I would have reverted it. I would suggest that you start by making smaller edits rather than large changes. Observe other user's edits and proceed slowly ... learn by doing. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 21:21, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

== Mind taking a quick look at a user ==

Hi, came across this user {{User|MrHerii}} and not sure what to do about their behaviour. Seems like they have a real focus on Elon Musk, which fine, but they seem to have almost lost grip on reality in some way. They're mostly responsible for this page and its infobox which almost reads like fanfiction that I'm surprised hasn't been deleted yet ([[Musk family]]), their user page has had similar fanfic leanings about a Musk Martian Colony [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MrHerii&oldid=1070920679], and their sandbox looks to be the same and recently they added obviously Nazi inspired iconography to it [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MrHerii/sandbox&oldid=1154360160].

Usually if it was blatant vandalism or disruption I'd know where to report it but this is just so... odd that I want a second opinion on it.

Thanks [[User:Apache287|Apache287]] ([[User talk:Apache287|talk]]) 12:24, 30 June 2023 (UTC)

== Palmer Report ==

Hello! Would you please refrain from editing against the consensus at the [[Palmer Report]]? When users revert your edits, it is best to go to the talk page and attempt to gain consensus rather than engaging in a slow-motion [[WP:EW|edit war]]. If you fail to gain consensus, it is against policy to try to war-in your preferred edits into the article. You have attempted to include your preferred version for the article at least six times ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1051600989], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1051637263], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1051827916], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1163849412], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1164561949], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1051597777]), and each time you have been reverted . Please ping me if you have any questions :) [[User:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|Dr. Swag Lord]] ([[User talk:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|talk]]) 21:47, 9 July 2023 (UTC)
:Thank you for the "warning" Dr. Swag Lord - would you mind explaining how my recent edit in which I simply separated the "what it is" from the "what it's been called" is somehow against consensus. Is it not an "American liberal website"? I simply stated what it is separate from the "fake news" accusations. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 22:01, 9 July 2023 (UTC)
::Sure, I can help explain it to you! Firstly, your edits are against consensus, because, to put it simply, the consensus disagrees with your edits. Back in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Palmer_Report/Archive_5#What_it_is_versus_what_is_is_called October], at least three different admins informed you that your edits violated consensus and/or consisted of [[WP:OR|original research]]:
::*{{u|GorillaWarfare}}: {{tq|"Am I having deja vu? No consensus has been reached to make this change in your section above (#What it is ...) so I was surprised to see you went ahead with the change anyway, after multiple reverts and after being informed of WP:BRD. I am also extremely surprised to see such an experienced user arguing for a change based on their impressions after checking the site recently, as opposed to basing this off of what reliable sources say."}}
::*{{u|ScottishFinnishRadish}}: {{tq|"That would be WP:OR. There is consensus to call it a fake news site in wikivoice sure to the weight of sources identifying it as such."}}
::*{{u|Chetsford}}: {{tq|"Hopefully no one is making edits based on their WP:OR. The entire article is more-or-less a recitation of various RS saying TPR is a fake news website in different and creative ways. WP:LEAD requires we summarize the content of the article and WP:NPOV binds us to avoid "stating facts as opinions" (e.g. "It has been called a fake news website" [1] instead of the policy-compliant "it is fake news website")}}.
::Essentially, as explained by multiple other editors, your edit violates 1) our original research policy, since you are going to the Palmer Report site directly and making your independent analysis of the site, instead of relying on reliable sources. And 2) your edits violate our neutrality policy, because you are attempting to state uncontested facts as an opinion--"It has been called a fake news website"--whereas reliable sources are in agreement that the Palmer Report ''is'' a fake news site just like reliable sources are in agreement that the Palmer Report is a liberal site or an American site. [[User:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|Dr. Swag Lord]] ([[User talk:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|talk]]) 23:01, 9 July 2023 (UTC)
::::So, it seems that simply stating what it is - rather than what it has been called by some folks that seem to disagree with Mr. Palmer and prefer to call it a "fake news website" is some how a problem. I'm sorry, but I cannot see a problem with my simple statement - which is factually true - rather than calling it "fake news" or some such. I haven't removed the "fake news" accusations. Rather I simply stat upfront what it is. How is that a problem? It is "The Palmer Report" - not "The Fake News Controversy". Yes, Mr Palmer has been quite strongly opposed to Trump and trumpism and I would expect that Trump supporters might be upset. Time to move on methinks. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 23:27, 9 July 2023 (UTC)
:::::I am not sure what "Trump and trumpism" has to do with your specific edits and I hope you're not subtly accusing me, or any other user on Wikipedia, of being a "Trump supporter". {{tq|I'm sorry, but I cannot see a problem with my simple statement}} --I'm sorry but I tried to explain what's wrong with your edit the best I could. I highly suggest you visit the [[WP:TEAHOUSE|tea house]] or [[WP:HELP DESK|help desk]] for additional information on WP core policies! [[User:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|Dr. Swag Lord]] ([[User talk:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|talk]]) 23:47, 9 July 2023 (UTC)
::::::hmm... So WP:Core policy would support the first line of an article being essentially a ""fake news website" attack, that would seem rather odd. Is that what you meant? And that an editor since 2004 and admin since 2005 needs to "visit the help desk" ... maybe stuff has changed ... eh? My apologies for that "trumpism" bit - that was a bit off. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 00:22, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
:::::::Core policy would support that. Just like core policy would support calling [[The Gateway Pundit]] or [[Peace Data]] a fake news website. Yes, "fake news" might sound a bit harsh or negative but that's not the intention. We're simply stating ''what'' kind of site the Palmer Report is--just like with Gateway Pundit or with Peace Data. Apology accepted for the trumpism comment. And I knew you were an admin but I didn't realize you have been editing since '04. But policies and guidelines have ''definitely'' changed in the last 15 years so it's always a good idea to keep yourself updated and it never hurts to ask other editors for help/advice! :-) [[User:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|Dr. Swag Lord]] ([[User talk:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|talk]]) 00:39, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
:::::::::The fake bit is still in the lead - just shifted down to the second paragraph -as that seemed appropriate to me - could be moved up to first paragraph - just not the first sentence. And I see that I had removed that bit last fall, had forgotten as at that time I was on chemotherapy (successful) and there be a lot of blanks in my memory during that period. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 01:09, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
::::::::::So, if you're comfortable putting it in the lead, what's your exact justification for not putting it in the first sentence? According to [[MOS:FIRST]]: {{tq|The first sentence should tell the nonspecialist reader what or who the subject is...}}. If the subject is a fake news site, then that should be clear in the first sentence. This is no different than saying [[Reuters]] is a news agency or [[Metapedia]] is a fascist website. To be honest, I think saying the year the site was founded--2016--is not nearly as important for the lead as the fake news bit. And I am happy to hear your chemo went well. [[User:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|Dr. Swag Lord]] ([[User talk:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|talk]]) 02:21, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
:::::::::::I see that Gråbergs Gråa Sång has restored your preferred version - can't say I'm surprised. Could you please provide an example or two of what you would consider "fake news" from recent (last 30 days or so) Palmer Reports posts. That would help me understand why it's so important to you-all to have it in the first line. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 13:56, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
::::::::::::What PR says or what Dr. Swag Lord thinks about it doesn't matter in WP-land (by which I mean [[Palmer Report]]). What independent [[WP:RS]] says about it does.
::::::::::::Is stuff like "''[https://www.palmerreport.com/analysis/newsweek-publicly-apologizes-to-palmer-report/50989/ Many of you are aware that a rogue anonymous Wikipedia editor added the words “liberal fake news website” to the very first sentence of Palmer Report’s Wikipedia page several years ago, and since been blocking all other Wikipedia editors from removing this absurd and libelous claim.]''" best described as "truth", "opinion", or something else? People can differ all they like, it's what people do. [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 18:01, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
::::::::::::A couple of comment-section people on that article have concluded that Palmer's "rogue Wikipedia editor" is me, btw. I don't think that's what he meant, but perhaps I should commemorate it in a userbox or something, it's a bit of a distinction. Also, I wasn't ''gloating'', I was ''sighing.'' [[User:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[User talk:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|talk]]) 18:17, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
::::::::::::*Ok, sure. Take [https://www.palmerreport.com/analysis/the-supreme-court-may-have-just-unwittingly-handed-us-a-surprising-gift/50980/ this] article, written the same day as the "Newsweek apology" article. In this article, Palmer talks about how in the recent [[303 Creative LLC v. Elenis]] case (concerning if a web designer could deny services for a same-sex couple), a false document was used. The false document was an inquiry from a gay man--but in reality, the man is straight and never requested services from the web designer. Palmer is completely ''right'' in this aspect. But what Palmer states next is completely ''untrue'':
::::::::::::*{{tq|According to established precedent, this should invalidate the entire case, and the Supreme Court’s ruling should be nullified. Of course this rogue Supreme Court does just whatever it wants and routinely violates the law...}}. 1) The Supreme Court does not "routinely violate the law" and 2) there is no "established precedent" that the case will be invalidated because {{tq| justices had already accepted a set of facts that were made in the lower courts and both parties hadn't disputed the lower court findings that Smith faced a "credible threat" by Colorado state law. Even if the document was falsified, it will be too late to re-litigate whether or not Smith had standing to sue Colorado's Anti-Discrimination Act in the first place. "The Supreme Court took the case independent of an actual request being made to create a ripe controversy to adjudicate," former federal prosecutor and elected state attorney Michael McAuliffe told Newsweek. "The holding and opinion, now issued, won't be impacted by the new information."}} [https://www.newsweek.com/how-attorneys-supreme-court-lgbtq-case-disbarred-1810520].
::::::::::::[[User:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|Dr. Swag Lord]] ([[User talk:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|talk]]) 21:11, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
:::::::::::::hmm ... OK - perhaps I'll just ignore it all and move on ... or not ... By the way what field is your doctorate in ... I'm just curious. I was working toward a doctorate in geology way back when (1970s) - was close, but family came first and I moved on. Cheers, [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 14:01, 11 July 2023 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Sorry, I would tell you, but for [[WP:PRIVACY]]/[[WP:OUTED]] reasons, I would prefer to keep that private. But it's certinaly not a [[STEM]] doctorate ;) [[User:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|Dr. Swag Lord]] ([[User talk:Dr.Swag Lord, Ph.d|talk]]) 20:40, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

== Seeking clarification on edit reversion - New wikipedia contributor ==

I hope this message finds you well. My name is Amanda, and i recently made an edit to a wikipedia page as a new contributor. Firstly , I want to express my appreciation for the work you are doing to maintain the integrity and accuracy of wikipedia artcles. I noticed that you reverted my recent edit, and I wanted to reach out to seek some clarification. As a new writer, I must admit that i may not fully familiar with all the guidelines and rules surrounding wikipedia editing. I sincerely apologize that unknowingly my edit violated the policy, as you wrote can not cite wikipedia articles ,

My intention behind the edit was purely to improve the article's content and provide additional valuable information of the discovery that I still believe is missing . I did not intend to promote anything or engage in any form of bias. As a newcomer, I am eager to learn from experienced editors like yourself, and I would be grateful if you could kindly point out where I went wrong.

If there are specific guidelines or best practices that I should be aware of to avoid similar mistakes in the future, please do share them with me. Your guidance and feedback would be immensely valuable to me as I continue my journey as a Wikipedia contributor and I wanted to ask with respect, can I still add the portion for Gold Sheen Sapphire with more in depth citations .

Once again, I apologize for any inconvenience my edit may have caused, and I assure you that my intent is to contribute positively to the Wikipedia community.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your response. [[User:Amandawhale12|Amandawhale12]] ([[User talk:Amandawhale12|talk]]) 04:09, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

:First - we don't cite Wikipedia articles as they are not reliable sources; we may add links to related wiki articles - but they are not valid sources. Second - we must avoid "promotional" content. Parts of your edit appeared rather "promotional" to me. Be a neutral observer when you edit. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 13:30, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

== Paleozoic ==

Hi I’m a new editor here. Could you let me know what I’ve done wrong as I thought I’d done a decent job updating the intro. You say too many links - is that the internal wiki ones? Please let me know as I enjoy creating content but if it’s going to get deleted there’s no point:(

thanks

Silica Cat [[User:Silica Cat|Silica Cat]] ([[User talk:Silica Cat|talk]]) 14:29, 24 July 2023 (UTC)
:{{u|Silica Cat}}, taking a look at revisions on [[Paleozoic]], I see the main thing that likely Vsmith was referring to. [[WP:linking|Wikipedia linking guidelines]] are that good practice is to link the first instance of a term that is a link candidate, while avoiding linking very common terms like Canada, Europe, river.--[[User:Kevmin|<span style="color: #120A8F;">Kev</span>]][[User talk:Kevmin|<span style="color: #228B22;">min</span>]] [[Special:Contributions/Kevmin|§]] 14:47, 24 July 2023 (UTC)
::Thanks. Am I ok to reinstate my edits and take out the unnecessary links then? [[User:Silica Cat|Silica Cat]] ([[User talk:Silica Cat|talk]]) 14:54, 24 July 2023 (UTC)
:::Hi again I’ve looked at undoing the revert but am not familiar with the code. I don’t want to get it wrong so could someone be kind enough to do it for me please. Ironically I only added the extra links because they were in the original article (the one that’s been reinstated!). Thx [[User:Silica Cat|Silica Cat]] ([[User talk:Silica Cat|talk]]) 15:21, 24 July 2023 (UTC)

==Peace==
Since you served in the military at some point in your life, you may please refrain from editing peace pages. The same would be true for all war veterans, anywhere in the world and all through their lives.[[User:JohJiggs|JohJiggs]] ([[User talk:JohJiggs|talk]]) 20:32, 26 August 2023 (UTC)
:Sorry - but that is the dumbest request ever. Those who served know more about peace than anyone. Sorry 'bout that. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 02:05, 27 August 2023 (UTC)


== Please stop changing GNIS entries ==

I reverted your changes because:
* You never started a discussion nor asked for consensus at [[WP:USCITIES]] prior to changing GNIS from "Populated Place" to "Civil" class in the infobox of numerous community articles.
* You never replied nor countered my [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Magnolia677/Archive_28#FIPS_Code comment] in March 2023.
* The GNIS example in the infobox at [[WP:USCITIES]] is "Populated Place" class.
• [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 07:51, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

:hmm ... let's take an example: [[Phillipsburg, Kansas]]. I changed the data based on the current status of Phillipsburg as a city per the GNIS update (485642) which classifies Phillipsburg as a city rather than the older (471927) status which classifies it as a populated place. Seems rather obvious that the Wikipedia article should reflect the current status of the place as a city, rather than the old "populated place" status. I cannot see any reason that would be a problem. Or do you think we should have separate articles? That would be rather odd - the "populated place" is now a "city". Please explain. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 11:57, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

::no response... perhaps sleeping after a long night of reverting ... or perhaps there is no valid response - just some form of "I don't like it"?? [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 18:30, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

[[File:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] Please stop your [[Wikipedia:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]].
* If you are engaged in an article [[Wikipedia:Editing policy|content dispute]] with another editor, discuss the matter with the editor at their talk page, or the [[:Help:Talk pages|article's talk page]], and seek [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]] with them. Alternatively you can read Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Dispute resolution|dispute resolution]] page, and ask for independent help at one of the [[Wikipedia:Dispute resolution#Ask for help at a relevant noticeboard|relevant noticeboards]].
* If you are engaged in any other form of dispute that is not covered on the dispute resolution page, seek assistance at Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents|Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents]].
If you continue to disrupt Wikipedia, you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked from editing]]. 

I asked you to stop changing GNIS entries, because you haven't established consensus for the GNIS change at [[WP:USCITIES]]. There is no rule that requires editors to be on Wikipedia 24 hours a day, nor are there any rules that state you can ignore a request from another editor after a fraction of a day. Also, you personally attacked me with snarky comments, as well as going out of your way to start an edit war by flooding dozens of changes after an editor disagreed with you. Also, you ignored my comments about this same topic back in March 2023, then continued to change numerous articles behind my back. Let me make it blunt to you: stop changing GNIS, stop edit warring, stop insulting me, and establish consensus on this GNIS topic in the talk section of [[WP:USCITIES]]. • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 12:30, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

:Good morning, I am simply editing articles to be aligned with their current GNIS listings. How is that disruptive? [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 12:36, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

Good evening User:Sbmeirow. As you are aware, I am updating a number of Kansas community articles. I find it rather odd that the GNIS IDs for a large number of these cities and communities are the old the old ids, rather than the updated ones. For example the Almena article used the old 471748 GNIS ID rather than the updated 2393927 ID. I thought it best to use the most recent along with the data for the city/community supported by the new ID. I can see no reason for not using the newer classification on all community articles - and can not understand why you have decided to revert some of those changes. Please explain your rational for reverting those changes. Thanks, [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 00:38, 11 September 2023 (UTC)

: Originally, automated tools added most of the "Populated Place" GNIS entries in community articles around 2007 (per edit history). Both "Populated Place" GNIS and "Civil" GNIS entries have existed as far back as at least 2010 or so, when I first started editing. Back in that era, the "Populated Place" GNIS entries had the FIPS number, but the "Civil" GNIS entires didn't have FIPS number, thus is why the "Populated Place" GNIS entries was prefered. At some point in recent years, it appears the FIPS numbers were copied over to the "Civil" GNIS entries, but I wasn't aware this happened until now. After digging into this tonight, it appears that FIPS is now in the "Civil" GNIS entries, thus your change is less of a concern to me today than a few days ago. At this point, I'll let you continue on your merry little way changing the GNIS number in community articles. • [[User:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;">Sbmeirow</span>]] • [[User talk:Sbmeirow|<span style="color:#8D38C9;White;">Talk</span>]] • 11:50, 11 September 2023 (UTC)
::Thanks for doing the research on that and letting me know the results. I do appreciate that. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 14:37, 11 September 2023 (UTC)

== Hate Speach on Teahouse post ==

Hi, I recently had user Cullen328 respond to my post on the teahouse with the following reply [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/1175860360] using hateful and derogatory language. Since I am a new user I am not entirely sure I am going about handling this properly, any help you could provide would be greatly appreciated.

<nowiki>~~~</nowiki> [[User:Dholt123|Dholt123]] ([[User talk:Dholt123|talk]]) 00:16, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
:It appears that the user in question (Cullen328) appears to have been indef blocked by another admin. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 00:37, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
::Okay thanks. [[User:Dholt123|Dholt123]] ([[User talk:Dholt123|talk]]) 13:27, 18 September 2023 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletion|Proposed deletion]] of [[:Supergene (disambiguation)]] ==
[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|left|link=|alt=Notice|48px|]]

The article [[:Supergene (disambiguation)]] has been [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletion|proposed for deletion]] because of the following concern:
<blockquote>'''This disambiguation page contains '''[[Wikipedia:Disambiguation#Primary topic with only one other topic|the primary topic and one other topic]]''' for the ambiguous title and no other topics can be found within a reasonable time.'''</blockquote>

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be [[WP:DEL#REASON|deleted for any of several reasons]].

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the {{Tlc|proposed deletion/dated}} notice, but please explain why in your [[Help:edit summary|edit summary]] or on [[Talk:Supergene (disambiguation)|the article's talk page]].

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing {{Tlc|proposed deletion/dated}} will stop the [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletion|proposed deletion process]], but other [[Wikipedia:deletion process|deletion process]]es exist. In particular, the [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion|speedy deletion]] process can result in deletion without discussion, and [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion|articles for deletion]] allows discussion to reach [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]] for deletion.

'''<span style="color: red;">This bot DID NOT nominate any of your contributions for deletion; please refer to the [[Help:Introduction to navigating Wikipedia/4|history]] of each individual page for details.</span>''' Thanks, [[User:FastilyBot|FastilyBot]] ([[User talk:FastilyBot|talk]]) 10:03, 24 November 2023 (UTC)

==Disambiguation link notification for December 2==

An automated process has detected that when you recently edited [[Ogden, Illinois]], you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page [[Anderson, Illinois]].

([[User:DPL bot|Opt-out instructions]].) --[[User:DPL bot|DPL bot]] ([[User talk:DPL bot|talk]]) 06:06, 2 December 2023 (UTC)

== Reverting my change in the "Mekong" page ==

Please give me a reason for the reversion of my change.

I considered this was vandalism by Cambodian authors attacking Thai-related articles. See [[Talk:Muay_Thai#Why do many Cambodians like to come and edit information about Thailand, especially in English, to make those references about Cambodia and claim that Thailand copied them from Cambodia?|this discussion]].

See the changes made from 2601:601:1b80:8040*.

* [[Special:Contributions/2601:601:1b80:8040:359d:f3b5:a9ed:78a1]]
* [[Special:Contributions/2601:601:1b80:8040:4f77:9d09:6cad:b0d6]]
* [[Special:Contributions/2601:601:1b80:8040:7285:eb63:42f9:a5ec]]
* [[Special:Contributions/2601:601:1b80:8040:87ce:53e8:74d5:9edc]]
* [[Special:Contributions/2601:601:1b80:8040:7d33:5caf:402e:c12e]]

The source/citations provided from the change are incorrect. According to the same source in another language [http://www.sealang.net/thai/search.pl?dict=thai&hasFocus=def&approx=&orth=&phone=&def=mekong&anon=on&matchEntry=any&matchLength=word&matchPosition=any&source=&ety=&pos=&usage=&subject=&useTags=1 (TH)] [http://www.sealang.net/lao/search.pl?dict=lao&hasFocus=def&approx=&orth=&phone=&def=mekong&anon=on&matchEntry=any&matchLength=word&matchPosition=any&source=&ety=&pos=&usage=&subject=&useTags=1 (LA)], It just was an arbitrary combination and it doesn't mention the actual etymology. Even though it has the correct citation. It should've provided below the widely used word origins.

Also, the "Mekong" word etymology is confirmed in other page localizations. Even the Khmer page of this article mentions that the "Mekong" word is from Tai languages (Lao, Thai)

Thanks. [[Special:Contributions/183.88.33.147|183.88.33.147]] ([[User talk:183.88.33.147|talk]]) 08:52, 3 December 2023 (UTC)
:Seems that I observed an ip making a change to an article with no explanation and that also removed references and was questionable and I reverted. Simple as that. In the future please clarify your reasons for an edit with a clear edit summary. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 13:16, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

== Administrators' newsletter – January 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (December 2023).

<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap">
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-add.svg|20px|alt=added|Added]] [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Clovermoss|Clovermoss]]
:[[File:Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg|20px|alt=readded|Readded]] [[Special:PermanentLink/1188231933#Sysop bit restored, please|Dennis Brown]]
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Permalink/1191590740#Removal of my admin rights|Julia W]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1192513359#Time to hand in my admin hat. (Marasmusine)|Marasmusine]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1187734086#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2023#December 2023|PBS]]
}}

</div>
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Checkuser Logo.svg|20px|alt=]] '''CheckUser changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-add.svg|20px|alt=added|Added]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Aoidh]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|HJ Mitchell]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Sdrqaz]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1190025825#Checkuser candidates appointed (December 2023)|Spicy]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|ToBeFree]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1190025825#Checkuser candidates appointed (December 2023)|Vanamonde93]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Z1720]]
}}
:[[File:Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg|20px|alt=readded|Readded]] [[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Maxim]]
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Enterprisey]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Izno]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|SilkTork]]
}}

[[File:Oversight logo.png|20px|alt=]] '''Oversighter changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-add.svg|20px|alt=added|Added]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Aoidh]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Firefly]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Sdrqaz]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|ToBeFree]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Z1720]]
}}
:[[File:Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg|20px|alt=readded|Readded]] [[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Maxim]]
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Enterprisey]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|Izno]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192580292#2024 Arbitration Committee|SilkTork]]
}}

</div>
</div>

[[File:Scale of justice 2.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Arbitration'''
* Following the [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee Elections December 2023#Results|2023 Arbitration Committee elections]], the following editors have been appointed to the Arbitration Committee: {{Noping|Aoidh}}, {{Noping|Cabayi}}, {{Noping|Firefly}}, {{Noping|HJ Mitchell}}, {{Noping|Maxim}}, {{Noping|Sdrqaz}}, {{Noping|ToBeFree}}, {{Noping|Z1720}}.
* Following a [[Special:Permalink/1187982425#Arbitration motion regarding Ireland article names - required location of move discussions rescinded|motion]], the Arbitration Committee rescinded the restrictions on the page name move discussions for the two Ireland pages that were [[Special:Diff/296047880#Request to amend prior case: Ireland article names|enacted in June 2009]].
* The arbitration case ''[[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Industrial agriculture|Industrial agriculture]]'' has been closed.

[[File:Info Simple bw.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Miscellaneous'''
* The [[Wikipedia:New pages patrol/Backlog drives/January 2024|'''New Pages Patrol backlog drive''']] is happening in January 2024 to reduce the backlog of articles in the [[Special:NewPagesFeed|new pages feed]]. Currently, there is a backlog of over 13,000 unreviewed articles awaiting review. [[Wikipedia:New pages patrol/Backlog drives/January 2024/Participants|'''Sign up here to participate!''']]
----
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== Administrators' newsletter – February 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (January 2024).

<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap">
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-add.svg|20px|alt=added|Added]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Red-tailed hawk|Red-tailed hawk]]
|[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Robertsky|Robertsky]]
}}
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1198163833#Desysop|Ameliorate!]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1193155124#Desysop (Ancheta Wis)|Ancheta Wis]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1193949086#Deceased administrator, Anthony Bradbury|Anthony Bradbury]] ([[Wikipedia:Deceased Wikipedians/2024#Anthony Bradbury (Anthony Bradbury)|deceased]])
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192900858#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#January 2024|Cobi]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1192900858#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#January 2024|Ev]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1194493000#Desysop request for Moondyne|Moondyne]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1194569776#Desysop for WTT|Worm That Turned]]
}}

[[File:Wikipedia bureaucrat.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Bureaucrat changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:Permalink/1194752334#Desysop for WTT|Worm That Turned]]

</div>
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Checkuser Logo.svg|20px|alt=]] '''CheckUser changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:Diff/1201048570#Change to the CheckUser team, January 2024|Wugapodes]]

[[File:Wikipedia Interface administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Interface administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1200495852#Inactive interface administrators 2024-01-28|Enterprisey]]
|[[Special:PermanentLink/1193040631#Remove INTADMIN from Izno|Izno]]
}}

</div>
</div>

[[File:Green check.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Guideline and policy news'''
* An [[Wikipedia talk:Interface administrators#RFC: Increase inactivity requirement|RfC]] about increasing the inactivity requirement for Interface administrators is open for feedback.

[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Technical news'''
* Pages that use the JSON contentmodel will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. ({{phab|T326065}})

[[File:Scale of justice 2.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Arbitration'''
* Following a [[Special:Permalink/1193639157#Motion: Reliable source consensus-required restriction|motion]], the Arbitration Committee adopted a new enforcement restriction on January 4, 2024, wherein the Committee may apply the 'Reliable source consensus-required restriction' to specified topic areas.
* Community feedback is [[Special:Permalink/1200584793#Feedback requested for AE's "Information for administrators" section|requested]] for a draft to replace the "Information for administrators processing requests" section at [[WP:AE]].

[[File:Info Simple bw.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Miscellaneous'''
* Voting in the [[:meta:Stewards/Elections 2024|2024 Steward elections]] will begin on 06 February 2024, 14:00 (UTC) and end on 27 February 2024, 14:00 (UTC). The [[:meta:Stewards/Confirm/2024|confirmation process]] of current stewards is being held in parallel. You can automatically [https://meta.toolforge.org/accounteligibility/70 check your eligibility] to vote.
* A vote to '''ratify the charter for the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]''' is open till 2 February 2024, 23:59:59 (UTC) via [[:m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/395|Secure Poll]]. All eligible voters within the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to either support or oppose the adoption of the U4C Charter and share their reasons. The details of the voting process and voter eligibility can be found [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Voter information|here]].
* Community Tech has made some preliminary decisions about the future of the [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. In summary, they aim to develop a new, continuous intake system for community technical requests that improves prioritization, resource allocation, and communication regarding wishes. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey#January 4, 2024: Shaping the Future of the Community Wishlist Survey|Read more]]
* The [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Unreferenced articles/Backlog drives/February 2024|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]] is happening in February 2024 to reduce the backlog of articles tagged with {{tl|Unreferenced}}. You can help reduce the backlog by adding citations to these articles. [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Unreferenced articles/Backlog drives/February 2024|'''Sign up to participate!''']]

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== Administrators' newsletter – March 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (February 2024).

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-add.svg|20px|alt=added|Added]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Sdkb|Sdkb]]
|[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/The Night Watch|The Night Watch]]
}}
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Permalink/1201596272#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#February 2024|East718]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1210532424#Desysop request (Isabelle Belato)|Isabelle Belato]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1204281845#Arbitration motion regarding Mzajac|Mzajac]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1201596272#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#February 2024|Staecker]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1201923983#Desysop request (Stan Shebs)|Stan Shebs]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1201596272#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#February 2024|Sugarfish]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1208474988#Resignation (Tamzin)|Tamzin]]
}}

{{Col-2}}
[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Wikipedia bureaucrat.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Bureaucrat changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[m:Special:Permalink/26246943#SilkTork@enwiki|SilkTork]]

{{Col-end}}

[[File:Green check.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Guideline and policy news'''
* [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review/Phase I|Phase I]] of the 2024 [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review|RfA review]] is now open for participation. Editors are invited to review, comment on, and propose improvements to the [[WP:RFA|requests for adminship process]].
* Following [[Special:Permalink/1210946192#RFC: Increase inactivity requirement|an RfC]], the inactivity requirement for the removal of the [[Wikipedia:Interface administrators|interface administrator]] right increased from 6 months to 12 months.

[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Technical news'''
* The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. ({{phab|T353388}})

[[File:Info Simple bw.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Miscellaneous'''
* The 2024 appointees for the [[:m:Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission]] are [[m:User:だ＊ぜ|だ＊ぜ]], [[m:User:AGK|AGK]], [[m:User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]], [[m:User:Bennylin|Bennylin]], [[m:User:Daniuu|Daniuu]], [[m:User:Doǵu|Doǵu]], [[m:User:Emufarmers|Emufarmers]], [[m:User:Faendalimas|Faendalimas]], [[m:User:MdsShakil|MdsShakil]], [[m:User:Minorax|Minorax]], [[m:User:Nehaoua|Nehaoua]], [[m:User:Renvoy|Renvoy]] and [[m:User:RoySmith|RoySmith]] as members, with [[m:User:Vermont|Vermont]] serving as steward-observer.
* Following the [[meta:Stewards/Elections 2024|2024 Steward Elections]], the following editors have been appointed as stewards: [[:meta:Stewards/Elections 2024/Statements/Ajraddatz|Ajraddatz]], [[:meta:Stewards/Elections 2024/Statements/Albertoleoncio|Albertoleoncio]], [[:meta:Stewards/Elections 2024/Statements/EPIC|EPIC]], [[:meta:Stewards/Elections 2024/Statements/JJMC89|JJMC89]], [[:meta:Stewards/Elections 2024/Statements/Johannnes89|Johannnes89]], [[:meta:Stewards/Elections 2024/Statements/Melos|Melos]] and [[:meta:Stewards/Elections 2024/Statements/Yahya|Yahya]].

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== Acuminite article, incorrect image ==

Hello:

I believe the image on the Acuminite article is actually iron oxide stained Thomsenolite. Specifically I believe it's a distorted photo of this specimen. [https://www.irocks.com/minerals/specimen/34344]https://www.irocks.com/minerals/specimen/34344

I don't know that there is an actual photo of Acuminite.

This sometimes comes up as a photo of Acuminite
[https://i.pinimg.com/originals/58/09/03/580903f91ebe3252541d352cb8f2f0e6.jpg]https://i.pinimg.com/originals/58/09/03/580903f91ebe3252541d352cb8f2f0e6.jpg

However that might actually be Wulfenite from Ivigtut and it is listed elsewhere as such.

[[Special:Contributions/2603:8000:1B00:8A20:A02F:D795:898:545F|2603:8000:1B00:8A20:A02F:D795:898:545F]] ([[User talk:2603:8000:1B00:8A20:A02F:D795:898:545F|talk]]) 11:54, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

==Geopolymers==
Hello Vsmith. Or do you like to be simply called "V". OK seriously. I don't know if you remember me. We had a brief discussion probably more than eleven years ago on your talk page about a new editor active in your field. And we may have edited some of the same articles. I just recalled, there was an article I created that had something to with Geophysics or something like that. And you and another editor were probably appalled but were too polite to say so. You both were merely critical. So, seeing your reaction I let both of you know I would request that the article be speedily deleted. And I did so. I think everyone involved was happy with the results.

Anyway, the real reason I am here is I am wondering how much you know about Geopolymers. {{redact}} ---[[User:Steve Quinn|Steve Quinn]] ([[User talk:Steve Quinn|talk]]) 02:11, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

P.S. the citation below is not mine. ---[[User:Steve Quinn|Steve Quinn]] ([[User talk:Steve Quinn|talk]]) 02:13, 1 April 2024 (UTC)
:Don't really know much about it, sorry 'bout that :) (and yeah that citation just kinda floats alng - don't recall what it was linked to ... Cheers, [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 02:21, 1 April 2024 (UTC)
::OK thanks very much. This post may have been too long so I shortened it. I started to get caught up with this. It is best not to do that on Wikipedia. Regards, ---[[User:Steve Quinn|Steve Quinn]] ([[User talk:Steve Quinn|talk]]) 08:41, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

== Administrators' newsletter – April 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (March 2024).

[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Permalink/1211130465#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#March 2024|Kbdank71]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1211130465#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#March 2024|Kosack]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1212001446#Desysop request NrDg|NrDg]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1211247911#Desysop request TLSuda|TLSuda]]
}}

[[File:Green check.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Guideline and policy news'''
* An [[Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#RfC: Converting all current and future community discretionary sanctions to (community designated) contentious topics procedure|RfC]] is open to convert all current and future [[WP:OLDDS|community discretionary sanctions]] to (community designated) [[WP:CTOP|contentious topics procedure]].
[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Technical news'''
* The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. ({{Phab|T313405}})
[[File:Scale of justice 2.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Arbitration'''
*An [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Conflict of interest management|arbitration case has been opened]] to look into "the intersection of managing conflict of interest editing with the harassment (outing) policy".
[[File:Info Simple bw.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Miscellaneous'''
* Editors are invited to '''[[Wikipedia:The Core Contest/Entries|sign up]]''' for [[WP:The Core Contest|The Core Contest]], an initiative running from April 15 to May 31, which aims to improve [[Wikipedia:Vital articles|vital]] and other core articles on Wikipedia.
----
{{center|{{flatlist|
* [[Wikipedia talk:Administrators' newsletter|Discuss this newsletter]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Archive|Archive]]
}}}}
{{center|1=<small>Sent by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:48, 1 April 2024 (UTC)</small>}}


== Superscript formatting ==

While my descriptions of "Fixed typos" were admittedly undetailed, in terms of the edits themselves, [[MOS:SUPERSCRIPT]] states any superscript that does not denote a phonetic transcription and is not in a title, short description, or conversion template should be written using sup templates rather than unicode superscript characters. [[User:CoolieCoolster|CoolieCoolster]] ([[User talk:CoolieCoolster|talk]]) 16:04, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
:Heh, yeah, sometimes the MOS sorta makes no sense - as in "take something simple and make it complex". So it goes ... :) --[[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 18:03, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
== CS1 error on [[Shanghai, West Virginia]] ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] Hello, I'm [[User:Qwerfjkl (bot)|Qwerfjkl (bot)]]. I have '''automatically detected''' that [[Special:Diff/1219452985|this edit]] performed by you, on the page [[:Shanghai, West Virginia]], may have introduced referencing errors. They are as follows:
* A [[:Category:CS1 errors: bare URL|bare URL]] error. References show this error when one of the URL-containing parameters cannot be paired with an associated title. Please edit the article to add the appropriate title parameter to the reference. ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai,_West_Virginia&action=edit&minor=minor&summary=Fixing+reference+error+raised+by+%5B%5BUser%3AQwerfjkl%20(bot)%7CQwerfjkl%20(bot)%5D%5D Fix] | [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&preload=User:Qwerfjkl%20(bot)/helpform&preloadtitle=Referencing%20errors%20on%20%5B%5BSpecial%3ADiff%2F1219452985%7CShanghai,%20West%20Virginia%5D%5D Ask for help])
Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a [[false positive]], you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&preload=User:Qwerfjkl/Botpreload&editintro=User:Qwerfjkl/boteditintro&minor=&title=User_talk:Qwerfjkl&preloadtitle=Qwerfjkl%20(bot)%20–%20Vsmith&section=new&preloadparams%5b%5d={{FULLPAGENAMEE:Shanghai, West Virginia}}&preloadparams%5b%5d=1219452985 report it to my operator].
Thanks, [[User:Qwerfjkl (bot)|Qwerfjkl (bot)]] ([[User talk:Qwerfjkl (bot)|talk]]) 21:19, 17 April 2024 (UTC)

== Administrators' newsletter – May 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (April 2024).

<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap">
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg|20px|alt=readded|Readded]] [[Special:Permalink/1220304714#Resysop request (Nyttend)|Nyttend]]
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Permalink/1216602202#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#April 2024|JohnOwens]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1216602202#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#April 2024|Killiondude]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1218467362#Handing in my mop|MelanieN]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1218761294#Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Conflict of interest management closed|Nihonjoe]]
}}

[[File:Wikipedia bureaucrat.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Bureaucrat changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:Permalink/1218761294#Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Conflict of interest management closed|Nihonjoe]]

</div>
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">
[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Checkuser Logo.svg|20px|alt=]] '''CheckUser changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg|20px|alt=readded|Readded]] [[Special:PermanentLink/1219467786#Changes to the functionaries team, April 2024|Joe Roe]]

[[File:Oversight logo.png|20px|alt=]] '''Oversight changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:PermanentLink/1219467786#Changes to the functionaries team, April 2024|GeneralNotability]]

</div>
</div>
[[File:Green check.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Guideline and policy news'''
* Phase I of the [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review|2024 requests for adminship review]] has concluded. Several proposals have passed outright and will proceed to implementation, including [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review/Phase I#Proposal 3b: Make the first two days discussion-only (trial)|creating a discussion-only period]] (3b) and [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review/Phase I#Proposal 13: Admin elections|administrator elections]] (13) on a trial basis. Other successful proposals, such as [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review/Phase I#Proposal 2: Add a reminder of civility norms at RfA|creating a reminder of civility norms]] (2), will undergo further refinement in Phase II. Proposals passed on a trial basis will be discussed in Phase II, after their trials conclude. Further details on specific proposals can be found in the [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review/Phase I|full report]].

[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Technical news'''
* Partial action blocks are now in effect on the English Wikipedia. This means that administrators have the ability to restrict users from certain actions, including uploading files, moving pages and files, creating new pages, and sending thanks. [[phab:T280531|T280531]]

[[File:Scale of justice 2.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Arbitration'''
* The arbitration case ''[[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Conflict of interest management|Conflict of interest management]]'' has been closed.

[[File:Info Simple bw.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Miscellaneous'''
* This may be a good time to reach out to potential nominees to ask if they would consider an RfA.
* A [[Wikipedia:New pages patrol/Backlog drives/May 2024|'''New Pages Patrol backlog drive''']] is happening in May 2024 to reduce the number of unreviewed articles in the [[Special:NewPagesFeed|new pages feed]]. Currently, there is a backlog of over 15,000 articles awaiting review. [[Wikipedia:New pages patrol/Backlog drives/May 2024/Participants|'''Sign up here to participate!''']]
* Voting for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] election is open until 9 May 2024. Read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024#Voting|voting page on Meta-Wiki]] and '''[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/396|cast your vote here!]]'''

----
{{center|{{flatlist|
* [[Wikipedia talk:Administrators' newsletter|Discuss this newsletter]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Archive|Archive]]
}}}}
{{center|1=<small>Sent by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:25, 2 May 2024 (UTC)</small>}}


== Administrators' newsletter – June 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (May 2024).

<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap">
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg|20px|alt=readded|Readded]] [[Special:Permalink/1222103388#Resysop request (Graham Beards)|Graham Beards]]
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Permalink/1221623112#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#May 2024|Deskana]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1221623112#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#May 2024|Mets501]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1221692285#Desysop request Staxringold|Staxringold]]
}}

[[File:Wikipedia bureaucrat.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Bureaucrat changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Permalink/1221620229#Inactive bureaucrat (Deskana)|Deskana]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1221956999#Standing down as bureaucrat (Warofdreams)| Warofdreams]]
}}

</div>
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">
[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Oversight logo.png|20px|alt=]] '''Oversight changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:Permalink/1221703338#Changes to the functionaries team, May 2024|Dreamy Jazz]]

</div>
</div>

[[File:Green check.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Guideline and policy news'''
* [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review/Phase II|Phase II]] of the [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review|2024 RfA review]] has commenced to improve and refine the proposals passed in [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review/Phase I|Phase I]].

[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Technical news'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [[Phab:T43351|T43351]]

[[File:Scale of justice 2.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Arbitration'''
* The arbitration case ''[[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Venezuelan politics|Venezuelan politics]]'' has been closed.
* The Committee is [[Special:Permalink/1225426349#Conflict of interest VRT queue and call for volunteers|seeking volunteers for various roles]], including access to the [[WP:COIVRT|conflict of interest VRT queue]].

[[File:Info Simple bw.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Miscellaneous'''
* WikiProject Reliability's [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability/June 2024 Drive|unsourced statements drive]] is happening in June 2024 to replace {{tl|citation needed}} tags with references! '''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability/June 2024 Drive|Sign up here to participate!]]'''

----
{{center|{{flatlist|
* [[Wikipedia talk:Administrators' newsletter|Discuss this newsletter]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Archive|Archive]]
}}}}
{{center|1=<small>Sent by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:45, 5 June 2024 (UTC)</small>}}


== notability of subject ==

Hi can you see thi [https://g.co/kgs/t3LdCEj subject] and i would ask you if it is notable and thanks [[User:Actiondramlovers|Actiondramlovers]] ([[User talk:Actiondramlovers|talk]]) 14:21, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
:Seems to have plenty of reference possibilities. Why do you ask? [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 14:33, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
::just i would ask you if can help and create this draft with many thanks [[User:Actiondramlovers|Actiondramlovers]] ([[User talk:Actiondramlovers|talk]]) 14:36, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
:::Yes, the topic has wide and significant coverage in several languages [[User:Actiondramlovers|Actiondramlovers]] ([[User talk:Actiondramlovers|talk]]) 14:43, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
::::Sorry, not in my field of interest. Good luck! [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 14:54, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

== Where do you get historic population data? ==

Hi I was looking at [[Russell, North Dakota]] and I noticed you add the historical population table, but I can't seem to figure out where you found the data. So any help would be helpful. [[User:Bennett27|Bennett27]] ([[User talk:Bennett27|talk]]) 02:06, 25 June 2024 (UTC)

:Err no that wasn't you, sorry. [[User:Bennett27|Bennett27]] ([[User talk:Bennett27|talk]]) 02:08, 25 June 2024 (UTC)

== [[Draft:Economic imperialism]] ==

Hi, would you be interested in working on this draft with me? I was going to base it off of the Oxford handbook of economic imperialism but I'm not familiar with the literature enough. I could probably squeeze something out, structure it okay, but it'd be low quality [[User:Alexanderkowal|Alexanderkowal]] ([[User talk:Alexanderkowal|talk]]) 16:42, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
:No thanks, not in my field of interest.--[[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 18:24, 27 June 2024 (UTC)

== Administrators' newsletter – July 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (June 2024).

[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-add.svg|20px|alt=added|Added]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Elli|Elli]]
|[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/HouseBlaster|HouseBlaster]]
|[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Pickersgill-Cunliffe|Pickersgill-Cunliffe]]
}}
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Permalink/1226644195#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#June 2024|Brianga]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1226644195#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#June 2024|De728631]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1226644195#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#June 2024|Georgewilliamherbert]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1231804712#Deceased admin (Hyacinth)|Hyacinth]] ([[Wikipedia:Deceased Wikipedians/2023#Mikhail Lewis (Hyacinth)|deceased]])
|[[Special:Permalink/1226644195#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#June 2024|ProveIt]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1229769776#Desysop request (The Night Watch)| The Night Watch]]
}}

[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Technical news'''
* Local administrators can now add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without using JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar|Documentation is available]] on MediaWiki. ({{phab|T6086}})

[[File:Info Simple bw.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Miscellaneous'''
* The [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist]] is re-opening on 15 July 2024. [[:m:Community_Wishlist_Survey/Future_Of_The_Wishlist/Preview_of_the_New_Wishlist#July_1,_2024:_The_Community_Wishlist_is_re-opening_Jul_15,_2024._Here's_what_to_expect,_and_how_to_prepare.|Read more]]

----
{{center|{{flatlist|
* [[Wikipedia talk:Administrators' newsletter|Discuss this newsletter]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Archive|Archive]]
}}}}
{{center|1=<small>Sent by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:59, 6 July 2024 (UTC)</small>}}


== Administrators' newsletter – August 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (July 2024).
<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap">
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg|20px|alt=readded|Readded]] [[Special:Permalink/1234583465#Resysop request (Isabelle Belato)|Isabelle Belato]]
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{Hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Permalink/1231919678#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#July 2024|Ian.thomson]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1234739660#Desysop request (Modussiccandi)|Modussiccandi]]
}}

[[File:Wikipedia Interface administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Interface administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg|20px|alt=readded|Readded]] [[Special:Permalink/1235541419#Int admin (2) for Izno|Izno]]

</div>
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Checkuser Logo.svg|20px|alt=]] '''CheckUser changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[meta:Special:Permalink/27134064#Barkeep49@enwiki|Barkeep49]]

</div>
</div>

[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Technical news'''
* [[:meta:Global blocks|Global blocks]] may now target accounts as well as IP's. Administrators may [[Special:GlobalBlockWhitelist|locally unblock]] when appropriate.
* Users wishing to permanently leave may now request "vanishing" via [[Special:GlobalVanishRequest]]. Processed requests will result in the user being renamed, their recovery email being removed, and their account being globally locked.

[[File:Scale of justice 2.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Arbitration'''
* The Arbitration Committee [[Special:Permalink/1238795146#Conflict of interest VRT appointments, July 2024|appointed]] the following administrators to the [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee/Conflict of interest reports|conflict of interest volunteer response team]]: {{noping|Bilby}}, {{noping|Extraordinary Writ}}

----
{{center|{{flatlist|
* [[Wikipedia talk:Administrators' newsletter|Discuss this newsletter]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Archive|Archive]]
}}}}
{{center|1=<small>Sent by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:01, 6 August 2024 (UTC)</small>}}


== Your revert on [[Golden Plates]] ==

I've started a discussion on the talk page about your unexplained revert. Please join the conversation! [[Special:Contributions/107.116.165.18|107.116.165.18]] ([[User talk:107.116.165.18|talk]]) 05:11, 13 August 2024 (UTC)

== Hi ==

Hi I would ask you are interesting in this <redacted crap> and creating article about him ? [[User:Ilovethehistory9|Ilovethehistory9]] ([[User talk:Ilovethehistory9|talk]]) 14:23, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
:No ... [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 14:26, 19 August 2024 (UTC)

== Administrators' newsletter – September 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (August 2024).

<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap">
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:Permalink/1242104108#Desysop request (Pppery)|Pppery]]

[[File:Wikipedia Interface administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Interface administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:Permalink/1242104108#Desysop request (Pppery)|Pppery]]

</div>
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Oversight logo.png|20px|alt=]] '''Oversighter changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:Diff/1241023887#Changes to the functionaries team, August 2024|Wugapodes]]

[[File:Checkuser Logo.svg|20px|alt=]] '''CheckUser changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Diff/1241023887#Changes to the functionaries team, August 2024|Courcelles]]
|[[Special:Diff/1241023887#Changes to the functionaries team, August 2024|GeneralNotability]]
}}

</div>
</div>

[[File:Green check.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Guideline and policy news'''
* Following an [[Special:Permalink/1241596410#RfC:_enacting_C4_(unused_maintenance_categories)|RfC]], there is a new [[WP:CSD|criterion for speedy deletion]]: [[WP:CSD#C4|C4]], which {{tq|applies to unused maintenance categories, such as empty dated maintenance categories for dates in the past}}.
* A [[Wikipedia talk:Notability (species)#Proposal to adopt this guideline|request for comment]] is open to discuss whether [[Wikipedia:Notability (species)|Notability (species)]] should be adopted as a [[WP:SNG|subject-specific notability guideline]].

[[File:Scale of justice 2.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Arbitration'''
* Following a [[Special:Permalink/1239237654#Motion 2: World War II and the history of Jews in Poland|motion]], [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/World War II and the history of Jews in Poland#My very best wishes bans|remedies 5.1 and 5.2 of ''World War II and the history of Jews in Poland'']] (the topic and interaction bans on [[User:My very best wishes|My very best wishes]], respectively) were repealed.
* [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/German war effort#Cinderella157 German history topic ban|Remedy 3C]] of the [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/German war effort|''German war effort'' case]] ("{{noping|Cinderella157}} German history topic ban") was [[Special:Permalink/1243178496Motion: Cinderella157's topic ban suspended|suspended]] for a period of six months.
* The arbitration case [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Historical elections|Historical Elections]] is currently open. Proposed decision is expected by 3 September 2024 for this case.

[[File:Info Simple bw.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Miscellaneous'''
* Editors can now enter into [[Wikipedia:Good article review circles|good article review circles]], an alternative for informal ''[[quid pro quo]]'' arrangements, to have a [[Wikipedia:Good article nominations|GAN]] reviewed in return for reviewing a different editor's nomination.
* A [[Wikipedia:New pages patrol/Backlog drives/September 2024|'''New Pages Patrol backlog drive''']] is happening in September 2024 to reduce the number of unreviewed articles and redirects in the [[Special:NewPagesFeed|new pages feed]]. Currently, there is a backlog of over 13,900 articles and 26,200 redirects awaiting review. [[Wikipedia:New pages patrol/Backlog drives/September 2024/Participants|'''Sign up here to participate!''']]

----
{{center|{{flatlist|
* [[Wikipedia talk:Administrators' newsletter|Discuss this newsletter]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Archive|Archive]]
}}}}
{{center|1=<small>Sent by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:45, 2 September 2024 (UTC)</small>}}

== CS1 error on [[Domino, Texas]] ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] Hello, I'm [[User:Qwerfjkl (bot)|Qwerfjkl (bot)]]. I have '''automatically detected''' that [[Special:Diff/1244668385|this edit]] performed by you, on the page [[:Domino, Texas]], may have introduced referencing errors. They are as follows:
* A [[:Category:CS1 errors: bare URL|bare URL]] error. References show this error when one of the URL-containing parameters cannot be paired with an associated title. Please edit the article to add the appropriate title parameter to the reference. ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domino,_Texas&action=edit&minor=minor&summary=Fixing+reference+error+raised+by+%5B%5BUser%3AQwerfjkl%20(bot)%7CQwerfjkl%20(bot)%5D%5D Fix] | [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&preload=User:Qwerfjkl%20(bot)/helpform&preloadtitle=Referencing%20errors%20on%20%5B%5BSpecial%3ADiff%2F1244668385%7CDomino,%20Texas%5D%5D Ask for help])
Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a [[false positive]], you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&preload=User:Qwerfjkl/Botpreload&editintro=User:Qwerfjkl/boteditintro&minor=&title=User_talk:Qwerfjkl&preloadtitle=Qwerfjkl%20(bot)%20–%20Vsmith&section=new&preloadparams%5b%5d={{FULLPAGENAMEE:Domino, Texas}}&preloadparams%5b%5d=1244668385 report it to my operator].
Thanks, [[User:Qwerfjkl (bot)|Qwerfjkl (bot)]] ([[User talk:Qwerfjkl (bot)|talk]]) 13:20, 8 September 2024 (UTC)

== Protection ==

Could you semi-protect [[Missouri]] article for a year. [[Special:Contributions/2600:381:7B90:129D:E1A9:DCD4:E8A7:9F5F|2600:381:7B90:129D:E1A9:DCD4:E8A7:9F5F]] ([[User talk:2600:381:7B90:129D:E1A9:DCD4:E8A7:9F5F|talk]]) 22:05, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
:Done.--[[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 22:16, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
::Please don’t archive this post in case the vandalism resumes after this protection and we’ll need to indef semi Missouri article [[Special:Contributions/2603:8080:D03:89D4:D406:99F6:B4C2:6570|2603:8080:D03:89D4:D406:99F6:B4C2:6570]] ([[User talk:2603:8080:D03:89D4:D406:99F6:B4C2:6570|talk]]) 20:48, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
:I don't the protection to be a year. I want it to be indefinite because vandalism has been going on forever [[Special:Contributions/2603:8080:D03:89D4:E40C:F0FD:39E3:5EA1|2603:8080:D03:89D4:E40C:F0FD:39E3:5EA1]] ([[User talk:2603:8080:D03:89D4:E40C:F0FD:39E3:5EA1|talk]]) 01:03, 10 September 2024 (UTC)
::It will be fine to be a year. [[Special:Contributions/2600:381:7B90:129D:4CDD:6C1A:BB56:4F83|2600:381:7B90:129D:4CDD:6C1A:BB56:4F83]] ([[User talk:2600:381:7B90:129D:4CDD:6C1A:BB56:4F83|talk]]) 01:38, 10 September 2024 (UTC)
:::The vandalism will likely resume after this protection [[Special:Contributions/2603:8080:D03:89D4:B8BB:1CB7:79BA:CEB1|2603:8080:D03:89D4:B8BB:1CB7:79BA:CEB1]] ([[User talk:2603:8080:D03:89D4:B8BB:1CB7:79BA:CEB1|talk]]) 01:27, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

== revert of homo naledi language ==

please explain why you reverted my change in language to the homo naledi page [[Special:Contributions/2601:14D:8A00:A4E0:3C6D:426:67F2:F28A|2601:14D:8A00:A4E0:3C6D:426:67F2:F28A]] ([[User talk:2601:14D:8A00:A4E0:3C6D:426:67F2:F28A|talk]]) 15:28, 20 September 2024 (UTC)
:I don't see any edits to that page by the complaining IP. My edit there was restoring the word "genders" rather than "sexes". [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 23:23, 20 September 2024 (UTC)
::yes, that's the edit i'm referring to. please explain why you chose to change the language back [[Special:Contributions/2601:14D:8A00:A4E0:4197:E232:43CF:E468|2601:14D:8A00:A4E0:4197:E232:43CF:E468]] ([[User talk:2601:14D:8A00:A4E0:4197:E232:43CF:E468|talk]]) 00:28, 21 September 2024 (UTC)
:::Because "[[gender]]" would be the appropriate term. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] ([[User talk:Vsmith#top|talk]]) 00:33, 21 September 2024 (UTC)

==Disambiguation link notification for September 28 ==

An automated process has detected that when you recently edited [[Fly River]], you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page [[Plantain]].

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== Administrators' newsletter – October 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (September 2024).

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[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
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}}

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[[File:Green check.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Guideline and policy news'''
*[[Wikipedia:Administrator elections|Administrator elections]] are a proposed new process for selecting administrators, offering an alternative to [[WP:RFA|requests for adminship]] (RfA). The first trial election will take place in October 2024, with [[Wikipedia:Administrator elections/October 2024/Call for candidates|candidate sign-up]] from October 8 to 14, a [[Wikipedia:Administrator elections/October 2024/Discussion phase|discussion phase]] from October 22 to 24, and [[meta:SecurePoll|SecurePoll voting]] from October 25 to 31. For questions or to help out, please visit the talk page at [[Wikipedia talk:Administrator elections]].
* Following [[Wikipedia talk:Criteria for speedy deletion#"File pages without a corresponding file"|a discussion]], the speedy deletion reason "File pages without a corresponding file" has been moved from criterion [[WP:CSD#G8|G8]] to [[WP:CSD#F2|F2]]. This does not change what can be speedily deleted.
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* Editors are invited to '''[[Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Arbitration Committee Elections December 2024/Electoral Commission|nominate themselves]]''' to serve on the 2024 Arbitration Committee Electoral Commission until ''23:59 October 8, 2024 (UTC)''.

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== Editor making unsourced/unverifiable changes to many climate boxes, despite 4 warnings ==

Hi, Vsmith. I wonder if you could help us out.

Since 9 September, {{User|Aaghdam1722}} has made unsourced changes to many climate boxes (e.g., just in the last 3 days: {{diff|Bodie, California|diff=1252366943|oldid=1244359721}}, {{diff|Guerneville, California|diff=prev|oldid=1252292994}}, {{diff|Occidental, California|diff=prev|oldid=1252292503}}, {{diff|Tuolumne Meadows|diff=1252142499|oldid=1250752357}}, {{diff|Stonyford, California|diff=1251938055|oldid=1242977136}}, {{diff|Ukiah, California|diff=prev|oldid=1251936738}}, {{diff|Mammoth Lakes, California|diff=prev|oldid=1251921591}}). Even when they add a fresh climate box to an article, it fails verification: they only provide a top-level link with no details on which weather station the data comes from (e.g., {{diff|Wickiup_Reservoir|diff=1252175453|oldid=1132496158}}). After some sleuthing, I found the corresponding weather station ("Wickiup Dam") and its data did not correspond to the data added by Aaghdam1722 (see {{diff|Wickiup Reservoir|diff=prev|oldid=1252291448}}). The editor is adding unverifiable data to WP, causing a large amount of cleanup work.

{{U|Magnolia677}} asked the editor to stop this behavior on 30 September ({{diff|User talk:Aaghdam1722|diff=1248673637|oldid=1221308283}}). The editor did not respond and kept making unsourced changes. I gave the editor a final warning today ({{diff|User talk:Aaghdam1722|diff=prev|oldid=1252113645}}) and tried to explain why it's important to source this data and asked them to engage and explain where their data is coming from ({{diff|User talk:Aaghdam1722|diff=1252301750|oldid=1252113645}}). They did not respond, but have continued to make unsourced edits after the warning ({{diff|Bodie, California|diff=1252366943|oldid=1244359721}}, {{diff|Cascade Locks, Oregon|diff=1252369895|oldid=1248198710}}).

I believe that a (temporary?) block is in order, to get them to stop this behavior and explain where the data is coming from. I also need some time to clean up their mess, and it would be helpful if they stopped adding to the mess. Do you think the block is warranted? If so, would you be willing to block them? Thanks for any help! — [[User:Hike395|hike395]] ([[User talk:Hike395|talk]]) 02:06, 21 October 2024 (UTC)

Bodie, California

2024-10-21T01:19:45Z

Hike395: rv climate box back to 15 June 2024, to remove unsourced edits

{{Short description|Ghost town in Mono County}}
{{redirect|Bodie}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bodie
| settlement_type = [[List of ghost towns in California|Ghost town]]
| image_skyline = Bodie September 2016 019.jpg
| image_caption = County Barn, Bodie, California
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map =
| pushpin_map = USA California#USA
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 190
| pushpin_relief = 1
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mono County, California|Mono]]
| leader_title = None
| leader_name =
| area_magnitude =
| area_water_percent =
| population_note =
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/map?q=total%20population&g=0500000US06051%241000000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1&mode=thematic&layer=VT_2020_100_00_PY_D1&cid=P1_001N|title=Mono County, California|work=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref>
| population_total = 11
| population_metro =
| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
| utc_offset = −8
| timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −7
| area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]]
| area_code = [[Area codes 442 and 760|442/760]]
| coordinates = {{coord|38|12|44|N|119|00|44|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1658094|name=Bodie}}</ref>
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = 8379
| website = [http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=509 Bodie State Historic Park]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1876
| established_title2 =
| established_date2 =
| established_title3 =
| established_date3 =
| footnotes = {{Infobox NRHP
| embed = yes
| name = Bodie Historic District
| nrhp_type = nhld
| nocat = yes
| designated_other1 = California
| image = BodieCaliforniaSanbornFireInsuranceMap1890.jpg
| image_size = 224
| caption = Map of Bodie, as of 1890
| location = California
| nearest_city = [[Bridgeport, California]]
| architecture = Various; Southwestern U.S. frontier-style, late-19th to early-20th century.
| added = October 15, 1966<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2008a}}</ref>
| designated_nrhp_type = July 4, 1961<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=118&resourceType=District|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201155746/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=118&resourceType=District|archive-date=2007-12-01|title =Bodie Historic District |access-date=June 16, 2008|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
| designated_nrhp_type2 =
| designated_nrhp_type3 =
| designated_nrhp_type4 =
| designated_other1_date =
| designated_other2_date =
| designated_other3_date =
| delisted_nrhp_type =
| delisted_nrhp_type2 =
| delisted_nrhp_type3 =
| delisted_nrhp_type4 =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| refnum = 66000213
| designated_other1_number = 341<ref name=CHL />
| designated_other1_num_position = both
| designated_other2_number =
| designated_other2_num_position = both
| designated_other3_number =
| designated_other3_num_position = both
}}
|blank_name_sec1 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
|blank_info_sec1 = [[Subarctic Climate|Dsc]]
}}

'''Bodie''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|oʊ|d|iː}} {{respell|BOH|dee}}) is a [[ghost town]] in the [[Bodie Hills]] east of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] mountain range in [[Mono County, California]], United States. It is about {{convert|75|mi|0}} southeast of [[Lake Tahoe]], and {{convert|12|mi|0|abbr=on}} east-southeast of [[Bridgeport, California|Bridgeport]],<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|}}</ref> at an elevation of 8,379 feet (2554 m).<ref name=gnis /> Bodie became a [[Boomtown|boom town]] in {{start date and age|1876|p=y}} after the discovery of a profitable vein of gold; by 1879 it had established 2,000 structures with a population of roughly 8,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodie SHP |url=https://www.parks.ca.gov/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=CA State Parks |language=en}}</ref>

The town went into decline in the subsequent decades and came to be described as a ghost town by {{end date and age|1915|p=y}}. The [[U.S. Department of the Interior]] recognizes the designated '''Bodie Historic District''' as a [[National Historic Landmark]].

Also registered as a [[California Historical Landmark]],<ref name=CHL>{{cite ohp|341|Bodie|2012-10-10}}</ref> the ghost town officially was established as '''Bodie State Historic Park''' in 1962. It receives about 200,000 visitors yearly.<ref name="Engaging in California Ghost Town">{{cite journal|last=DeLyser|first=Dydia|date=December 1999|title=Authenticity on the Ground: Engaging the Past in a California Ghost Town |journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers|publisher=Association of American Geographers|volume=89|issue=4|page=602|doi=10.1111/0004-5608.00164}}</ref> Bodie State Historic Park is partly supported by the Bodie Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/509/files/BodieSHPFinalWebLayout2016.pdf|title=Bodie State Historic Park|publisher=California State Parks|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Discovery of gold ===
Bodie began as a mining camp of little note following the discovery of gold in 1859 by a group of prospectors, including [[W. S. Bodey]].<ref name=CGN /><ref name="Piatt book" /><ref name=Quivik>{{cite journal|title=Gold and Tailings: The Standard Mill at Bodie, California|first=Fredric L.|last=Quivik|journal=[[IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology]]|volume=29|issue=2|year=2003|pages=5–27|jstor=40968626}}</ref> Bodey died in a blizzard the following November while making a supply trip to Monoville (near present-day [[Mono City, California|Mono City]]), never able to see the rise of the town that was named after him.<ref name="Piatt book">{{cite book|last=Piatt|first=Michael H.|title=Bodie: "The Mines Are Looking Well..."|publisher=North Bay Books|isbn=0-9725200-5-8|year=2003}}</ref> According to area pioneer Judge J. G. McClinton, the district's name had been "Bodey," "Body," and a few other phonetic variations. After a painter in the nearby [[boomtown]] of [[Aurora, Nevada|Aurora]], lettered a sign "Bodie Stables," it was then standardized to "Bodie."<ref>{{cite news|last=McClinton|first=J.G|title=Cold History Condensed|newspaper=Daily Bodie Standard|date=October 29, 1879}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Warren|last=Loose|title=Bodie Bonanza: The True Story of a Flamboyant Past|location=New York|publisher=Exposition Press|year=1971|pages=26–28}}</ref>

Gold discovered at Bodie coincided with the discovery of silver at nearby Aurora (thought to be in California, later found to be Nevada),<ref>{{cite book | url=http://dwgateway.library.unr.edu/keck/histtopoNV/Origin_of_Place_Names_Files/1941NevadaOriginofNames-pt2.pdf | title=Origin of Place Names: Nevada | publisher=W.P.A. | author=Federal Writers' Project | year=1941 | page=50}}</ref> and the distant [[Comstock Lode]] beneath [[Virginia City, Nevada]]. But while these two towns boomed, interest in Bodie remained lackluster. By 1868 only two companies had built [[stamp mill]]s at Bodie, and both had failed.<ref name="Piatt book" />

=== Boom ===
[[File:Bodie California c1890.jpg|thumb|left|{{circa|1890}}]]

In 1876, the Standard Company discovered a profitable deposit of [[gold prospecting|gold]]-bearing [[ore]], which transformed Bodie from an isolated [[mining camp]] comprising a few prospectors and company employees to a [[Wild West]] boomtown. Rich discoveries in the adjacent Bodie Mine during 1878 attracted even more hopeful people.<ref name="Piatt book" /> By 1879, Bodie had a population of approximately 7,000–10,000 people<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Jimenez|first=Corri Lyn|title=Bodie, California: Understanding the Architecture and Built Environment of a Gold Mining Town|type=MS thesis|publisher=University of Oregon|year=2000|oclc=45825435}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bodiehistory.com/population.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221155945/http://www.bodiehistory.com/population.htm|archive-date=February 21, 2009|title=What the Historic Record Reveals About Bodie's Peak Population|first=Michael H.|last=Piatt|access-date=February 15, 2009}}</ref> and around 2,000 buildings. One legend says that in 1880, Bodie was California's second or third largest city,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/509/files/2006flyer.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202161735/http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/509/files/2006flyer.pdf |archive-date=February 2, 2010 |title=California State Park employment flyer |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> but the U.S. Census of that year disproves this.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-13.pdf|title=1880 California census}}</ref> Over the years 1860–1941 Bodie's mines produced gold and silver valued at an estimated {{US$|34{{nbsp}}million|link=yes}}<ref name=Chesterman /> (in 1986 dollars, or $85 million in 2021).

Bodie boomed from late 1877 through mid{{ndash}} to late 1880.<ref name=BodieEra>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=H.L.|title=The Bodie Era: The Chronicles of the Last Old Time Mining Camp.|location=Sacramento|publisher=California State Library|year=1933}}</ref> The first newspaper, ''The Standard Pioneer Journal of Mono County'', published its first edition on October 10, 1877. Starting as a weekly, it soon expanded publication to three times a week.<ref name="The Story of Bodie">{{cite book|last=Cain|first=Ella M.|title=The Story of Bodie|publisher=Fearon Publishers|location=San Francisco|year=1956|pages=17–18, 24|chapter=Development of the Mines|isbn=0548383987}}</ref> It was also during this time that a telegraph line was built which connected Bodie with Bridgeport and [[Genoa, Nevada]].<ref name="The Story of Bodie" /> California and Nevada newspapers predicted Bodie would become the next [[Comstock Lode]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Grant H.|title=History of the Comstock Lode, 1850–1920|location=Reno|publisher=University of Nevada|year=1943|pages=191–200}}</ref> Men from both states were lured to Bodie by the prospect of another bonanza.<ref>{{cite news | work=Virginia City Territorial Enterprise | title=Bodie has taken from us some good men, and that is not good for us | date=January 24, 1878}}</ref>

Gold [[bullion]] from the town's nine stamp mills was shipped to [[Carson City, Nevada]], by way of [[Aurora, Nevada|Aurora]], [[Wellington, Nevada|Wellington]], and [[Gardnerville, Nevada|Gardnerville]]. Most shipments were accompanied by armed guards. After the [[precious metal|bullion]] reached Carson City, it was delivered to the mint there, or sent by rail to the [[San Francisco Mint|mint in San Francisco]].

===Districts and amenities===
{{further|List of buildings in Bodie, California}}
[[File:Bodie Saloon.jpg|thumb|left|A saloon]]

As a bustling gold mining center, Bodie had the amenities of larger towns, including a [[Wells Fargo (1852–1998)|Wells Fargo Bank]], four volunteer fire companies, a brass band, railroad, miners' and mechanics' union, several daily newspapers, and a jail. At its peak, 65 [[bar (establishment)|saloons]] lined Main Street, which was a mile long. Murders, shootouts, barroom brawls, and stagecoach holdups were regular occurrences.<ref>{{cite book|last=McGrath|first=Roger D.|title=Gunfights, Highwaymen & Vigilantes: Violence on the Frontier|publisher=University of California Press|year=1987}}</ref>

As with other remote mining towns, Bodie had a popular, though clandestine, [[red light district]] on the north end of town. There is an unsubstantiated story of [[Rosa May]], a prostitute who, in the style of [[Florence Nightingale]], came to the aid of the town menfolk when a serious [[epidemic]] struck the town at the height of its boom. She is credited with giving life-saving care to many, but after she died, was buried outside the cemetery fence.<ref name=Sprague />

Bodie had a [[Chinatown]], the main street of which ran at a right angle to Bodie's Main Street.<ref name="The Story of Bodie" /> At one point it had several hundred [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] residents and a [[Taoism|Taoist]] temple. [[Opium dens]] were plentiful in this area.<ref name="The Story of Bodie" />

Bodie also had a [[cemetery]] on the outskirts of town and a nearby [[mortuary]]. It is the only building in the town built of [[red brick]] three courses thick, most likely for [[Building insulation|insulation]] to keep the air temperature steady during the cold winters and hot summers. The cemetery includes a Miners Union section,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bodie.com/history/cemetery/miners-union-cemetery/|title=Miners Union Cemetery|date=October 18, 2014|publisher=Bodie.com|access-date=2019-03-09}}</ref> and a [[cenotaph]] erected to honor [[President of the United States|President]] [[James Abram Garfield|James A. Garfield]].<ref>[http://www.hauntedhouses.com/states/ca/local-archive-california/_bodie-Cemetery-of-the-Week.pdf Wards Cemetery], Loren Rhoads</ref> The Bodie [[Boot Hill]] was located outside of the official city cemetery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weeklypioneer.com/2009/07/rosa-may.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206220627/http://www.weeklypioneer.com/2009/07/rosa-may.html|archive-date=2011-12-06|title=Rosa May|work=Weekly Pioneer|access-date=June 22, 2012|first=Lonnie|last=DeCloedt}}</ref>

On Main Street stands the Miners Union Hall, which was the meeting place for labor unions. It also served as an entertainment center that hosted dances, concerts, plays, and school recitals. It now serves as a museum.

=== Mining town ===
[[File:The Methodist Church.jpg|thumb|The Methodist Church]]
The first signs of decline appeared in 1880 and became obvious toward the end of the year. Promising mining booms in [[Butte, Montana]]; [[Tombstone, Arizona]]; and [[Utah]] lured men away from Bodie.<ref name=BodieEra /> The get-rich-quick, single miners who came to the town in the 1870s moved on to these other booms, and Bodie developed into a family-oriented community. In 1882 residents built the Methodist Church (which still stands) and the Roman Catholic Church (burned 1928). Despite the population decline, the mines were flourishing, and in 1881 Bodie's ore production was recorded at a high of $3.1 million.<ref name=Chesterman>{{cite book|last1=Chesterman|first1=Charles W.|first2=Roger H.|last2=Chapman| first3=Clifton H. Jr. |last3=Gray|title=Geology and Ore Deposits of the Bodie Mining District, Mono County, California|id=Bulletin 206|location=Sacramento|publisher=California Department of Conservation/Division of Mines and Geology|year=1986|page=32}}</ref> Also in 1881, a narrow-gauge railroad was built called the [[Bodie and Benton Railway and Commercial Company|Bodie Railway & Lumber Company]], bringing lumber, cordwood, and mine timbers to the mining district from Mono Mills south of [[Mono Lake]].

During the early 1890s, Bodie enjoyed a short revival from technological advancements in the mines that continued to support the town. In 1890, the recently invented cyanide process promised to recover gold and silver from discarded mill tailings and from low-grade ore bodies that had been passed over. In 1892, the Standard Company built its own [[hydroelectric plant]] approximately {{convert|13|mi|km|1}} away at Dynamo Pond. The plant developed a maximum of {{convert|130|hp|kW|0|lk=in}} and 3,530 [[volt]]s alternating current (AC) to power the company's 20-stamp mill. This pioneering installation marked the country's first transmissions of electricity over a long distance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/bishop/restoration/rp_dynamopond.html|title=Dynamo Pond Project|work=Bishop Field Office|publisher=Bureau of Land Management|date=March 13, 2008|access-date=January 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012131304/http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/bishop/restoration/rp_dynamopond.html|archive-date=October 12, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{wide image|Bodie September 2016 panorama 1.jpg|x160px|Standard Consolidated Mining Company Stamp Mill|45%|right}}

In 1910, the population was recorded at 698 people, which were predominantly families who decided to stay in Bodie instead of moving on to other prosperous strikes.

=== Decline ===
{{US Census population
| 1880=5417
| 1890=779
| 1900=965
| 1910=698
| 1920=110
| 1930=228
| 1940=90
| footnote=Source:<ref name="moffat">{{cite book |last=Moffat |first=Riley |title=Population History of Western U.S. Cities and Towns, 1850–1990 |publisher=Scarecrow Press, Inc. |location=Lanham, Maryland |year=1996 |page=21 |isbn=0810830337}}</ref>
|1950=0|estyear=1951-2018|estimate=0}}
The first signs of an official decline occurred in 1912 with the printing of the last Bodie newspaper, ''The Bodie Miner''.{{clarify|reason=How was this a sign of an "official decline"? |date=September 2020}} In a 1913 book titled ''California Tourist Guide and Handbook: Authentic Description of Routes of Travel and Points of Interest in California'', the authors, Wells and Aubrey Drury, described Bodie as a "mining town, which is the center of a large mineral region". They referred to two hotels and a railroad operating there.<ref>{{cite book |title=California tourist guide and handbook: authentic description of routes of travel and points of interest in California |last=Drury |first=Wells |author2=Aubrey Drury |year=1913 |publisher=Western guidebook company |page=279 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQtFAAAAIAAJ |access-date=June 16, 2009}}</ref> In 1913, the Standard Consolidated Mine closed.

Mining profits in 1914 were at a low of $6,821 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=6821|start_year=1914}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}).<ref name=Chesterman /> James S. Cain bought everything from the town lots to the mining claims, and reopened the Standard mill to former employees, which resulted in an over $100,000 profit in 1915.<ref name="Piatt book" /> However, this financial growth was not in time to stop the town's decline. In 1917, the [[Bodie and Benton Railway and Commercial Company|Bodie Railway]] was abandoned and its iron tracks were scrapped.

The last mine closed in 1942, due to [[War Production Board]] order L-208, shutting down all non-essential gold mines in the United States during World War II. Mining never resumed after the war.<ref name="Piatt book" /><ref name=Quivik /><ref>{{cite book|last=Billeb|first=Emil W.|title=Mining camp days: Bodie, Aurora, Bridgeport, Hawthorne, Tonopah, Lundy, Masonic, Benton, Thorne, Mono Mills, Mammoth, Sodaville, Goldfield|year=1968|location=Berkeley, CA|publisher=Howell-North Books|oclc=448758}}</ref>

Bodie was first described as a "ghost town" in 1915.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Charles|last=Van Loan|title=Ghost cities of the West: Bad B-a-d Bodie|journal=Saturday Evening Post|date=September 21, 1915|pages=18–19|volume=55}}</ref> In a time when auto travel was on the rise, many travelers reached Bodie via automobiles. The ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' published an article in 1919 to dispute the "ghost town" label.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Bodie Not Dead, Says Camp Representative|journal=San Francisco Chronicle|date=January 28, 1919|page=6}}</ref>

By 1920, Bodie's population was recorded by the US Federal Census at a total of 120 people. Despite the decline and a severe fire in the business district in 1932, Bodie had permanent residents through nearly half of the 20th century. A post office operated at Bodie from 1877 to 1942.<ref name=CGN />

=== Ghost town and park ===
In the 1940s, the threat of vandalism faced the ghost town. The Cain family, who owned much of the land, hired caretakers to protect and to maintain the town's structures.<ref name="Bodie: Even a ghost needs friends">{{cite journal|last=Finnegan|first=Lora J.|date=September 1993|title=Bodie: Even a ghost needs friends|journal=Sunset|volume=191|issue=3|page=71}}</ref> Martin Gianettoni, one of the last three people living in Bodie in 1943, was a caretaker.<ref>{{cite book|last=Watson|first=James|title=Big Bad Bodie|location=San Francisco|publisher=Robert D. Reed|isbn=1931741107|year=2002|page=27}}</ref>
[[File:Ghost Town - NARA - 543342.jpg|thumb|left|Bodie in May 1972]]
Bodie is now an authentic Wild West ghost town.<ref name="Engaging in California Ghost Town" />

The town was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1961,<ref name="nhlsum" /> and in 1962 the state legislature authorized creation of '''Bodie State Historic Park'''. A total of 170 buildings remained.<ref name="Bodie: Even a ghost needs friends" /> Bodie has been named as California's official state [[gold rush]] ghost town.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&sectionNum=429.7. |title=California Codes (420–429.8) |publisher=California State Legislature|access-date=January 3, 2013}}</ref>

Visitors arrive mainly via [[California State Route 270|SR 270]], which runs from [[U.S. Route 395 in California|US 395]] near [[Bridgeport, California|Bridgeport]] to the west; the last three miles of it is a dirt road. There is also a road to [[California State Route 167|SR 167]] near Mono Lake in the south, but this road is extremely rough, with more than 10 miles of dirt track in a bad state of repair. Due to heavy snowfall, the roads to Bodie are usually closed in winter.

[[File:BodieHotelatNight.jpg|thumb|right|Bodie is a popular destination for organized night photography, emphasizing the eerie nature of the park.]]

Today, Bodie is preserved in a state of [[arrested decay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hauntedus.com/california/bodie-ghost-town/ |title=Bodie Ghost Town |date=August 12, 2022 |publisher=Haunted US|access-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref> Only a small part of the town survived, with about 110 structures still standing, including one of many once operational gold mills. Visitors can walk the deserted streets of a town that once was a bustling area of activity. Interiors remain as they were left and stocked with goods. Littered throughout the park, one can find small shards of china dishes, square nails, and an occasional bottle, but removing these items is against the rules of the park.

The [[California State Park]]s' [[National Park Service Ranger|ranger]] station is located in one of the original homes on Green Street.

In 2009 and again in 2010, Bodie was scheduled to be closed. The California state legislature worked out a budget compromise that enabled the state's Parks Closure Commission to keep it open. As of 2024, the park is still operating, now administered by the Bodie Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bodiefoundation.org/ |title=Helping to preserve Bodie State Historic Park |publisher=Bodie Foundation |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref>

== Climate ==
[[File:Bodie old car.jpg|thumb|right|Bodie has many abandoned artifacts, such as this 1937 Chevrolet coupe.]]

Bodie is a rare example of the dry-summer [[subarctic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dsc''), with hot to freezing summers and long, snowy winters, and is part of [[Hardiness zone|USDA Plant Hardiness Zone]] 5.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arborday.org/treeinfo/ZoneInfo.cfm?ZipCode=93517&submit=Look+it+up%21|title=Bridgeport, CA hardiness zone|publisher=Arbor Day Foundation}}</ref> Winds can sweep across the valley at close to {{Convert|100|mph|km/h}}{{Citation needed|reason=wind speed stat not cited|date=April 2012}}. Nights remain cold even through the summer, often dropping well below freezing throughout the year.

With an average of 303 nights below freezing per year, Bodie rivals [[Utqiagvik, Alaska|Utqiagvik]], [[Alaska]]'s 315,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?cabodi+nca|title = Bodie, California – Climate Summary}}</ref> and no month has ever been completely frost-free. The fewest nights below freezing in a month was two, the exceptionally warm August 1967, whose mean minimum of {{convert|38.8|F|C|1|disp=or}} was the highest during the twentieth century, although July 1896 had a mean minimum of {{convert|41.4|F|C|1|disp=or}}. Bodie's actual highest minimum on record is {{convert|60|F|C|1}} on August 1 of 1968;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=rev|title=National Weather Service – Reno, NV|author=National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team|work=noaa.gov|access-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref> however, on average only two nights per year stay above {{convert|50|F|C}}, and minima that high have never occurred between September 14 and June 4.

The longest frost-free period is a mere thirty days from July 20 to August 18, 1901, but to illustrate the vast [[diurnal temperature variation|diurnal temperature range]], Bodie had as many as 98 consecutive maxima at or above {{convert|68|F|C}} between June 9 and September 14, 2007 – which included the record hot July 2007 with mean maximum {{convert|82.1|F|C|disp=or}}.

The harsh weather is due to a particular combination of high altitude ({{Convert|8400|ft|m|disp=or}}) and a very exposed plateau, with little in the way of a natural surrounding wall to protect the long, flat piece of land from the elements. Plenty of firewood was needed to keep residents warm through the long winters. Bodie is not located in a forest, so lumber had to be imported from [[Bridgeport, California|Bridgeport]], [[Benton, California|Benton]], [[Carson City, Nevada|Carson City]],<ref name=Sprague>{{cite book|last=Sprague|first=M.|year=2003|title=Bodie's gold: tall tales and true history from a California mining town|location=Reno|publisher=[[University of Nevada Press]]|isbn=0874175119|oclc=50803672}}</ref> or [[Mono Mills, California|Mono Mills]].<ref name=GT>{{Ghost Towns of Northern California|135}}</ref> The winter of 1878–79 was particularly harsh and claimed the lives of many residents. On average, there are 22.7 days with {{convert|80|°F|1}}+ highs, 19.6 days where the high fails to rise above freezing, and 35 nights with sub-{{convert|0|°F|1}} lows. The record high temperature of {{convert|91|F|C|1}} was set on July 21, 1988, while the record low of {{convert|−36|F|C|1}} was set on February 13, 1903, which also saw the lowest maximum temperature of {{convert|−4|F|C|1}}.

Average annual precipitation is {{convert|11.79|in|mm|1}}, with August on average being the driest month and January the wettest. There are an average of 60 days annually with measurable precipitation. The wettest "rain year" was from July 1968 to June 1969 with {{convert|22.18|in|1|abbr=on}} and the driest was from July 1999 to June 2000 with {{convert|6.24|in|1|abbr=on}}. The most precipitation in one month was {{convert|7.39|in|1|abbr=on}} in January 1901, and the most in 24 hours {{convert|4.57|in|1|abbr=on}} on February 12, 1895. Average annual snowfall is {{convert|93.2|in|m|2}}. The snowiest year was 1965 with {{convert|269|in|m|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}. The most snow in one month was {{convert|97.1|in|m|2|abbr=on}} in January 1969.<ref name=wrcc>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca0943 |title=Bodie, California – Climate Summary |publisher=Western Regional Climate Center|access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| collapsed =
| location = Bodie, California (1991–2020 normals,<ref>Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.</ref> extremes 1895–present)
| single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 61
|Feb record high F = 63
|Mar record high F = 68
|Apr record high F = 77
|May record high F = 82
|Jun record high F = 90
|Jul record high F = 91
|Aug record high F = 89
|Sep record high F = 88
|Oct record high F = 81
|Nov record high F = 71
|Dec record high F = 64
|year record high F= 91
|Jan high F = 40.9
|Feb high F = 41.1
|Mar high F = 45.3
|Apr high F = 51.0
|May high F = 60.9
|Jun high F = 70.8
|Jul high F = 78.3
|Aug high F = 77.5
|Sep high F = 71.1
|Oct high F = 60.8
|Nov high F = 49.4
|Dec high F = 40.9
|year high F= 57.3
|Jan mean F = 24.2
|Feb mean F = 24.9
|Mar mean F = 29.0
|Apr mean F = 34.9
|May mean F = 43.0
|Jun mean F = 51.3
|Jul mean F = 57.2
|Aug mean F = 55.5
|Sep mean F = 49.5
|Oct mean F = 40.3
|Nov mean F = 30.8
|Dec mean F = 24.2
|year mean F = 38.7
|Jan low F = 7.5
|Feb low F = 8.8
|Mar low F = 12.8
|Apr low F = 18.8
|May low F = 25.1
|Jun low F = 31.7
|Jul low F = 36.1
|Aug low F = 33.6
|Sep low F = 27.8
|Oct low F = 19.8
|Nov low F = 12.2
|Dec low F = 7.6
|year low F= 20.2
|Jan record low F = −27
|Feb record low F = −36
|Mar record low F = −22
|Apr record low F = −13
|May record low F = -4
|Jun record low F = 2
|Jul record low F = 12
|Aug record low F = 12
|Sep record low F = 1
|Oct record low F = -13
|Nov record low F = −25
|Dec record low F = −31
|year record low F= −36
| Jan avg record high F = 53.0
| Feb avg record high F = 53.4
| Mar avg record high F = 58.3
| Apr avg record high F = 66.4
| May avg record high F = 73.9
| Jun avg record high F = 81.2
| Jul avg record high F = 85.1
| Aug avg record high F = 83.6
| Sep avg record high F = 79.9
| Oct avg record high F = 72.9
| Nov avg record high F = 64.3
| Dec avg record high F = 54.0
|year avg record high F = 86.0
| Jan avg record low F = -15.0
| Feb avg record low F = -12.6
| Mar avg record low F = -7.8
| Apr avg record low F = 2.9
| May avg record low F = 10.5
| Jun avg record low F = 15.6
| Jul avg record low F = 22.5
| Aug avg record low F = 20.5
| Sep avg record low F = 14.0
| Oct avg record low F = 2.9
| Nov avg record low F = -7.7
| Dec avg record low F = -14.1
|year avg record low F = -19.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.79
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.50
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.31
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.98
|May precipitation inch = 1.14
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.57
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.63
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.60
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.22
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.52
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.96
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.60
|year precipitation inch= 11.82
|Jan snow inch = 17.4
|Feb snow inch = 14.5
|Mar snow inch = 22.3
|Apr snow inch = 5.8
|May snow inch = 4.5
|Jun snow inch = 0.6
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.1
|Oct snow inch = 2.5
|Nov snow inch = 10.6
|Dec snow inch = 15.6
|year snow inch = 93.9
| Jan snow depth inch = 21
| Feb snow depth inch = 25
| Mar snow depth inch = 28
| Apr snow depth inch = 16
| May snow depth inch = 5
| Jun snow depth inch = 0
| Jul snow depth inch = 0
| Aug snow depth inch = 0
| Sep snow depth inch = 0
| Oct snow depth inch = 2
| Nov snow depth inch = 7
| Dec snow depth inch = 14
| year snow depth inch =
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 7.6
|Feb precipitation days = 6.8
|Mar precipitation days = 6.0
|Apr precipitation days = 5.8
|May precipitation days = 4.9
|Jun precipitation days = 3.6
|Jul precipitation days = 3.6
|Aug precipitation days = 3.0
|Sep precipitation days = 2.0
|Oct precipitation days = 3.2
|Nov precipitation days = 5.0
|Dec precipitation days = 7.5
| unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jan snow days = 6.7
| Feb snow days = 5.0
| Mar snow days = 5.9
| Apr snow days = 3.8
| May snow days = 2.0
| Jun snow days = 0.5
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.1
| Oct snow days = 0.9
| Nov snow days = 3.1
| Dec snow days = 6.1
|year snow days =
| source 1 = NOAA<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=rev |title = NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date = February 22, 2022}}</ref>
}}

== In fiction ==
* Bodie was the setting for the young reader's novel ''Behind the Masks'', by [[Susan Patron]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Patron|first=Susan|author-link=Susan Patron|title=Behind the Masks: the Diary of Angeline Reddy|date=2012|publisher=Scholastic|location=New York|isbn=978-0545304375 |oclc= 727710091 }}</ref>
* Kathleen Haun's historical novel ''No Trees for Shade'' (2013) is set in Bodie in 1880.<ref>{{cite book|last=Haun|first=Kathleen|title=No Trees for Shade: Bodie, California, 1880|date=2013|publisher=Aventine Press|isbn=978-1593308179 |oclc= 837952992 }}</ref>
* Key incidents in Chapter One of [[James Rollins]]' tenth [[Sigma Force]] novel, ''The Sixth Extinction'' (2014), span nearby [[Mono Lake]], the secret military testing site neighboring Bodie Park, and the ghost town itself, where terrorists attack a [[National Park Service]] Ranger and details unfold about both the area's significance to the rest of the plot.<ref>{{cite web|website=ScienceThrillers.com|title=New release book review: The Sixth Extinction (Sigma Force) by James Rollins|date=August 12, 2014|author=Rogers, Amy|url=http://www.sciencethrillers.com/2014/new-release-book-review-the-sixth-extinction-sigma-force-by-james-rollins/|access-date=November 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209111253/http://www.sciencethrillers.com/2014/new-release-book-review-the-sixth-extinction-sigma-force-by-james-rollins/|archive-date=December 9, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Goodreads|url =https://www.goodreads.com/review/show/1002891058|title=Reviews: ''The Sixth Extinction'' (Sigma Force #10)}}</ref>
* Bodie is the setting for the [[Kristiana Gregory]] book ''Orphan Runaways'' (1998).<ref>{{Cite book|title = Orphan Runaways|last = Gregory|first = Kristin|publisher = Scholastic|year = 1998|isbn = 978-0590603669|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/orphanrunaways00greg}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bodie, Washington]]
* [[List of California state parks]]
* [[Rosa May]]
* [[Madame Moustache]]
== References ==
{{reflist|33em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book|last=Calloway|first=R.A.|year=1979|title=Bodie State Historic Park: resource management plan, general development plan and environmental impact report|location=Sacramento|publisher=Calif. Dept. of Parks and Recreation|oclc=21629664}}
* {{cite book|last=Jackson|first=W.T.|year=1962|title=Historical material on the mining town of Bodie, California: a critical bibliography|publisher=California Division of Beaches and Parks|location=Sacramento|oclc=58742626}}
* {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=R.|author2=Johnson, A|year=1967|title=The ghost town of Bodie, as reported in the newspapers of the day|location=Bishop, Calif|publisher= Chalfant Press for Sierra Media|oclc=1592631}}
* {{cite book|last=McDonald|first=D.|year=1988|title=Bodie, boom town-gold town: the last of California's old-time mining camps|location=Las Vegas, Nev|publisher=Nevada Publications|isbn=0913814881|oclc=21384472}}
* {{cite book|last=Morse|first=T.I.|author2=Joseph, L.|year=1990|title=Photographing Bodie: a photographer's guide to the ghost town of Bodie, California|location=Santa Barbara, Calif|publisher=Global Preservation Projects|oclc=54961458}}
* {{cite book|last=Piatt|first=Michael H.|year=2003|title=Bodie: "The Mines Are Looking Well..."|location=El Sobrante, Calif|publisher=North Bay Books|isbn=0972520058}}
* {{cite book|author=Retailers Protective Association|title=Delinquent list of Virginia City, Gold Hill, Carson and Reno Nevada, and Bodie, California|year=1880|oclc=28163028}}
* {{cite book|last=Wedertz|first=F.S.|year=1969|title=Bodie, 1859–1900|location=Bishop, Calif|publisher=Chalfant Press|oclc=27440}}

== External links ==
{{commons and category}}
* Official [http://www.bodiefoundation.org/ Bodie Foundation – A non-profit organization]
* Official [http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=509 Bodie State Historic Park website]
* [http://www.bodie.com/ Learn about and tour Bodie online] at Bodie.com
* [https://www.conservationgateway.org/Files/Pages/landfire-key-conservation.aspx LANDFIRE National Application Report: California's Bodie Hills] (conservation action plan)

{{Mono County, California}}
{{National Register of Historic Places in California}}

{{Protected areas of California|SP}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:California State Historic Parks]]
[[Category:Ghost towns in California]]
[[Category:History of Mono County, California]]
[[Category:Mining museums in California]]
[[Category:Museums in Mono County, California]]
[[Category:History museums in California]]
[[Category:Open-air museums in California]]
[[Category:Parks in Mono County, California]]
[[Category:Former settlements in Mono County, California]]
[[Category:Mining communities in California]]
[[Category:California Historical Landmarks]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in California]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Mono County, California]]
[[Category:History of the Sierra Nevada (United States)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1876]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Boot Hill cemeteries]]
[[Category:Populated places on the National Register of Historic Places in California]]
[[Category:Symbols of California]]
[[Category:California Gold Rush]]

Adelaida, California

2024-10-20T21:14:32Z

Hike395: move image

{{Short description|Unincorporated community in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Adelaida, California
|settlement_type = [[Unincorporated area|Unincorporated community]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline = Adelaida School, SLO CA.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = The restored Adelaida School in 2013
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
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|pushpin_map = California#USA


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo]]


|government_footnotes =
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|unit_pref =
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|population_as_of =
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|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 1404
|coordinates = {{coord|35|38|44|N|120|52|25|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}


|postal_code_type =
|postal_code = 93446
|area_code = [[Area code 805|805]]
|blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank_info = 1660231<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
|blank1_name =
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'''Adelaida''' (pronounced as, and in the 19th century commonly spelled as '''Adelaide''')<ref>David W. Kean, 1993, ''Wide Places in California Roads''. Sunnyvale, Concord Press. {{ISBN|1884261000}}</ref> is an [[unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] in [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]], [[California]], United States. Adelaida is {{convert|10|mi|km}} west of [[Paso Robles, California|Paso Robles]]. The community had a [[post office]] from 1877 to 1936.<ref name="Durham">{{cite book|last=Durham|first=David L. |title=California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State|publisher=Quill Driver Books|year=1998|pages=861|isbn=1-884995-14-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfa0hmE7yocC&dq=Adelaida&pg=PA586}}</ref>

==History==
In the 1880s, the population of Adelaida was approximately 500, supported by the prospering Klau and Buena Vista mercury mines. The town boasted a community center, saloon, dance hall, general store, and four schools. The population increased further in 1898 with an influx of Mennonite settlers. The Adelaida School, located near the entrance to the Osgood Ranch on Chimney Rock Road, was built in 1917. It is being restored by the Adelaida Historical Foundation.<ref>[http://adelaidahistory.com/restoration-project/ Schoolhouse restoration project]</ref> This school and the Adelaida Road cemetery are all that is left of old Adelaida. Although the quicksilver mines were in operation into the 1970s, most of the local businesses had long since relocated to Paso Robles.<ref>David W. Kean, ''Wide Places in the California Roads: The encyclopedia of California's small towns and the roads that lead to them'' (Volume 1 of 4: Southern California Counties), pp. 11-12</ref>

==Climate==

{{Weather box
| location = Adelaida, California, {{coord|35.6456|N|120.8736|W|display=inline}}, {{convert|1398|ft|m}}
| single line = Y
| width = auto

| Jan high F = 62.8
| Feb high F = 63.6
| Mar high F = 67.8
| Apr high F = 71.5
| May high F = 78.1
| Jun high F = 85.9
| Jul high F = 90.5
| Aug high F = 91.6
| Sep high F = 88.8
| Oct high F = 80.8
| Nov high F = 69.8
| Dec high F = 61.9

| Jan mean F = 47.8
| Feb mean F = 48.8
| Mar mean F = 51.8
| Apr mean F = 54.3
| May mean F = 59.6
| Jun mean F = 65.7
| Jul mean F = 70.2
| Aug mean F = 70.4
| Sep mean F = 67.4
| Oct mean F = 61.0
| Nov mean F = 52.3
| Dec mean F = 46.6

| Jan low F = 32.9
| Feb low F = 34.0
| Mar low F = 35.7
| Apr low F = 37.2
| May low F = 41.0
| Jun low F = 45.4
| Jul low F = 49.9
| Aug low F = 49.2
| Sep low F = 46.1
| Oct low F = 41.3
| Nov low F = 34.8
| Dec low F = 31.3

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation inch = 5.60
| Feb precipitation inch = 5.10
| Mar precipitation inch = 3.88
| Apr precipitation inch = 1.31
| May precipitation inch = 0.53
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.10
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.06
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.01
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.09
| Oct precipitation inch = 1.20
| Nov precipitation inch = 1.19
| Dec precipitation inch = 4.18

| source 1 = PRISM<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/
|title = Time Series Values for Individual Locations
|publisher=PRISM Climate Group
|access-date=20 October 2024
|quote=enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution, click "Retrieve time series" then "Download time series"}}</ref>

}}
[[File:Cinnabar (Klau Mine, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA) (18850533985).jpg|thumb|center|[[Cinnabar]] ore specimen from the old Klau Mine]]
==See also==
*[[Adelaida Cellars]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.sanluisobispo.com/living/travel/article39141597.html A day trip to the town of Adelaida], SLO Tribune, January 10, 2011
*[http://sloblogs.thetribunenews.com/slovault/2011/01/schools-out-forever-adelaida-one-room-schoolhouse-closes/ Adelaida one room schoolhouse closes, 1964], SLO Tribune, reprint of June 14, 1964, edition of the Telegram-Tribune
*[http://roadsidethoughts.com/ca/adelaida-xx-san-luis-obispo-profile.htm Adelaida (SLO County) profile]

{{San Luis Obispo County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Unincorporated communities in San Luis Obispo County, California]]
[[Category:Unincorporated communities in California]]
[[Category:Santa Lucia Range]]

{{SanLuisObispoCountyCA-geo-stub}}

Adelaida, California

2024-10-20T21:13:35Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ use climate data from PRISM instead of unverifiable data

{{Short description|Unincorporated community in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Adelaida, California
|settlement_type = [[Unincorporated area|Unincorporated community]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline = Adelaida School, SLO CA.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = The restored Adelaida School in 2013
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|pushpin_map = California#USA


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo]]


|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =


|unit_pref =
|area_footnotes =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =


|population_as_of =
|population_footnotes =
|population_total =
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 1404
|coordinates = {{coord|35|38|44|N|120|52|25|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}


|postal_code_type =
|postal_code = 93446
|area_code = [[Area code 805|805]]
|blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank_info = 1660231<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

[[File:Cinnabar (Klau Mine, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA) (18850533985).jpg|thumb|[[Cinnabar]] ore specimen from the old Klau Mine]]
'''Adelaida''' (pronounced as, and in the 19th century commonly spelled as '''Adelaide''')<ref>David W. Kean, 1993, ''Wide Places in California Roads''. Sunnyvale, Concord Press. {{ISBN|1884261000}}</ref> is an [[unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] in [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]], [[California]], United States. Adelaida is {{convert|10|mi|km}} west of [[Paso Robles, California|Paso Robles]]. The community had a [[post office]] from 1877 to 1936.<ref name="Durham">{{cite book|last=Durham|first=David L. |title=California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State|publisher=Quill Driver Books|year=1998|pages=861|isbn=1-884995-14-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfa0hmE7yocC&dq=Adelaida&pg=PA586}}</ref>

==History==
In the 1880s, the population of Adelaida was approximately 500, supported by the prospering Klau and Buena Vista mercury mines. The town boasted a community center, saloon, dance hall, general store, and four schools. The population increased further in 1898 with an influx of Mennonite settlers. The Adelaida School, located near the entrance to the Osgood Ranch on Chimney Rock Road, was built in 1917. It is being restored by the Adelaida Historical Foundation.<ref>[http://adelaidahistory.com/restoration-project/ Schoolhouse restoration project]</ref> This school and the Adelaida Road cemetery are all that is left of old Adelaida. Although the quicksilver mines were in operation into the 1970s, most of the local businesses had long since relocated to Paso Robles.<ref>David W. Kean, ''Wide Places in the California Roads: The encyclopedia of California's small towns and the roads that lead to them'' (Volume 1 of 4: Southern California Counties), pp. 11-12</ref>

==Climate==

{{Weather box
| location = Adelaida, California, {{coord|35.6456|N|120.8736|W|display=inline}}, {{convert|1398|ft|m}}
| single line = Y
| width = auto

| Jan high F = 62.8
| Feb high F = 63.6
| Mar high F = 67.8
| Apr high F = 71.5
| May high F = 78.1
| Jun high F = 85.9
| Jul high F = 90.5
| Aug high F = 91.6
| Sep high F = 88.8
| Oct high F = 80.8
| Nov high F = 69.8
| Dec high F = 61.9

| Jan mean F = 47.8
| Feb mean F = 48.8
| Mar mean F = 51.8
| Apr mean F = 54.3
| May mean F = 59.6
| Jun mean F = 65.7
| Jul mean F = 70.2
| Aug mean F = 70.4
| Sep mean F = 67.4
| Oct mean F = 61.0
| Nov mean F = 52.3
| Dec mean F = 46.6

| Jan low F = 32.9
| Feb low F = 34.0
| Mar low F = 35.7
| Apr low F = 37.2
| May low F = 41.0
| Jun low F = 45.4
| Jul low F = 49.9
| Aug low F = 49.2
| Sep low F = 46.1
| Oct low F = 41.3
| Nov low F = 34.8
| Dec low F = 31.3

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation inch = 5.60
| Feb precipitation inch = 5.10
| Mar precipitation inch = 3.88
| Apr precipitation inch = 1.31
| May precipitation inch = 0.53
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.10
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.06
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.01
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.09
| Oct precipitation inch = 1.20
| Nov precipitation inch = 1.19
| Dec precipitation inch = 4.18

| source 1 = PRISM<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/
|title = Time Series Values for Individual Locations
|publisher=PRISM Climate Group
|access-date=20 October 2024
|quote=enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "Monthly normals" and "800m" resolution, click "Retrieve time series" then "Download time series"}}</ref>

}}

==See also==
*[[Adelaida Cellars]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.sanluisobispo.com/living/travel/article39141597.html A day trip to the town of Adelaida], SLO Tribune, January 10, 2011
*[http://sloblogs.thetribunenews.com/slovault/2011/01/schools-out-forever-adelaida-one-room-schoolhouse-closes/ Adelaida one room schoolhouse closes, 1964], SLO Tribune, reprint of June 14, 1964, edition of the Telegram-Tribune
*[http://roadsidethoughts.com/ca/adelaida-xx-san-luis-obispo-profile.htm Adelaida (SLO County) profile]

{{San Luis Obispo County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Unincorporated communities in San Luis Obispo County, California]]
[[Category:Unincorporated communities in California]]
[[Category:Santa Lucia Range]]

{{SanLuisObispoCountyCA-geo-stub}}

Fort Hunter Liggett

2024-10-20T20:36:42Z

Hike395: rv to climate data as of 25 April 2024, to remove unsourced changes

{{Short description|US Army base in Monterey County, California}}
{{Infobox military installation
| name = Fort Hunter Liggett
| partof =
| location = [[Monterey County, California]], USA
| image = The Hacienda.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = A public hotel within Fort Hunter Liggett
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| type = Training Reservation/military base
| coordinates = {{coord|35.952226|N|121.23065|W|region:US_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<ref>{{GNIS|2512470|Fort Hunter Liggett}}</ref>
| code =
| built = 1940
| builder =
| materials =
| height =
| used = 1940–Present
| demolished =
| condition = Active, in use
| ownership = {{army|USA}}
| open_to_public = Yes
| controlledby = [[United States Army Installation Management Command|IMCOM]]-Readiness
| garrison = [[80th Division (United States)|80th Division (IT)]]<br />[[91st Division (United States)|91st Training Division (Operations)]]
| current_commander = Col. Stephen S. Trotter
| website = {{URL|https://home.army.mil/liggett/}}
}}

'''Fort Hunter Liggett''' is a [[United States Army]] post in [[Jolon, California]], in southern Monterey County, California. The fort, named in 1941 after General [[Hunter Liggett]], is primarily used as a training facility, where activities such as field maneuvers and [[live fire exercise]]s are performed. It is roughly 25 miles northwest of [[Camp Roberts, California]].

==Geography==
The [[Salinas Valley]] is the fort's northern border, the [[Santa Lucia Mountains]] bound it on the east, [[Los Padres National Forest]] on the west and the Monterey and [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]] line on the south. The fort originally comprised {{convert|200,000|acre|ha|abbr=off}}, but even at its present size of {{convert|167,000|acre|ha|abbr=off}}, it is the largest [[United States Army Reserve]] post.

Some of the land, {{convert|52|acre|ha|abbr=off}}, was given to [[Mission San Antonio de Padua]], bringing its size to {{convert|85|acre|ha|abbr=off}}. Additionally, land has been traded between the [[United States Forest Service]], which owns the adjacent [[Los Padres National Forest]], and the Army. [[Junipero Serra Peak]] is to the north and Bald Mountain to the south. The fort also contains the headwaters of the [[Nacimiento River]] and San Antonio River. The opening helicopter scene of ''[[We Were Soldiers]]'' was filmed at the old Bailey Bridge spanning the Nacimiento River.

There is an historic hotel on the Post known as [[The Hacienda (Milpitas Ranchhouse)]] which serves the general public and can be used as guest housing by military personnel, and as available, to the public. The "west wing" of The Hacienda has also served as the Installation Commander's Quarters during various periods. A short distance past the old main gate, there is a road to the southwest which goes to what is known as the "Primitive Campgrounds". There are some camper trailers there, and some water spigots around the site. There is also a central restroom on the site and a store. Near that area is a lot that has several used FEMA trailers stored.

Nacimiento-Fergusson Road, which runs through the fort, is the only road that connects the Salinas Valley with Highway 1 between Cambria and Pacific Grove. However, in January 2021, several landslides have destroyed the road. Reopening is not anticipated until 2023 or 2024.

===Climate===
Under the [[Köppen Climate Classification]], "dry-summer subtropical" climates are often referred to as "Mediterranean". This climate zone has an average temperature above {{convert|10|°C|°F|abbr=on}} in their warmest months, and an average in the coldest between {{convert|18|and|-3|C|F}}. Summers tend to be dry with less than one-third that of the wettest winter month, and with less than {{convert|30|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation in a summer month<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=18257&cityname=Hunter+Liggett%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |title=Hunter Liggett, California Köppen Climate Classification |publisher=Weatherbase |access-date=2014-07-20}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Fort Hunter Liggett, CA
|single line = Yes

|Jan high F = 58
|Feb high F = 62
|Mar high F = 66
|Apr high F = 73
|May high F = 78
|Jun high F = 87
|Jul high F = 94
|Aug high F = 93
|Sep high F = 89
|Oct high F = 80
|Nov high F = 69
|Dec high F = 60
|year high F = 76
|Jan low F = 33
|Feb low F = 36
|Mar low F = 38
|Apr low F = 41
|May low F = 45
|Jun low F = 49
|Jul low F = 53
|Aug low F = 52
|Sep low F = 50
|Oct low F = 44
|Nov low F = 37
|Dec low F = 33
|year low F = 43
|Jan precipitation inch = 2
|Feb precipitation inch = 2
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.9
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.2
|May precipitation inch = 0.3
|Jun precipitation inch = 0
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.1
|Aug precipitation inch = 0
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.1
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.3
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.2
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.1
|year precipitation inch = 11.1
|source 1 = Weatherbase <ref name=Weatherbase>
{{cite web
|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=18257&cityname=Hunter-Liggett-California
|title =Weatherbase.com
|publisher=Weatherbase
|year=2013
}}
Retrieved on May 1, 2013.
</ref>
|date=May 2013
}}

==Demographics==
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Fort Hunter Liggett
|official_name =
|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|pushpin_map = California#USA
|pushpin_label =
|pushpin_map_caption =


|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Monterey County, California|Monterey]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =


|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{Cite web |title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files - California|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_06.txt |access-date=March 23, 2024 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi = 2.810
|area_land_sq_mi = 2.779
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.031
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =


|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 250
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=GNIS/>
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 1037
|coordinates =
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info =
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info =2805235<ref name=GNIS>{{cite GNIS|2805235|name=Fort Hunter Liggett Census Designated Place}}</ref>
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
The [[United States Census Bureau]] has designated Fort Hunter Liggett as a separate [[census-designated place]] (CDP) for statistical purposes, covering the fort's permanent residential population. It was first listed as a CDP in the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 Geography Changes|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/table-and-geography-changes/2020/geography-changes.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=}}</ref> with a population of 250.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fort Hunter Liggett CDP, California|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US0625093|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=March 13, 2022}}</ref>

{{US Census population
|2020= 250
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br>1850–1870<ref name=1870CensusCA1>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-12.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=1870CensusCA2>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1880-1890<ref name=1890CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1890/bulletins/demographics/134-population-of-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1900<ref name=1900CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/10-population-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1910<ref name=1910CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1920<ref name=1920CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1920/bulletins/demographics/population-ca-number-of-inhabitants.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1930<ref name=1930CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-1/03815512v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1940<ref name=1940CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-08.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1960<ref name=1960CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-06-d.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1970<ref name=1970CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ca1-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caAB-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1990<ref name=1990CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
2000<ref name=2000CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Fort Hunter Liggett CDP, California – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Fort Hunter Liggett CDP, California|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US0625093&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|123
|49.20%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|23
|9.20%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|3
|1.20%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|22
|8.80%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|9
|3.60%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other Race]] alone (NH)
|8
|3.20%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|8
|3.20%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|54
|21.60%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''250'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}

== History ==
{{more citations needed section|date=February 2011}}

[[File:M551 Sheridan Fort Hunter Liggett.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A [[M551 Sheridan|Sheridan M551A1]] is displayed within the post near the main entrance]]

In 1923, [[Newhall Land and Farming Company|Newhall Land]] sold [[Rancho San Miguelito de Trinidad]] and [[Rancho El Piojo]] to [[William Randolph Hearst]].<ref>{{Cite news| pages = 4| title = HEARST BUYS SITE OF MISSION: 17 Miles of Conduits Constructed in 1792 on Acquired Tract| work = Stockton Independent| date = 1923-01-12}}</ref> In 1925, Hearst's Piedmont Land and Cattle Company bought [[Rancho Milpitas (Pastor)|Rancho Milpitas]] and neighboring [[Rancho Los Ojitos]] (Little Springs) ) from the James Brown Cattle Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mchsmuseum.com/mcoverview.html|title=Monterey County Historical Society, Local History Pages—Overview of Post-Hispanic Monterey County History|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060522231029/http://www.mchsmuseum.com/mcoverview.html|archive-date=2006-05-22}}</ref> The [[The Hacienda (Milpitas Ranchhouse)|Hacienda]], now a hotel, was constructed during Hearst's ownership and was designed by the architect [[Julia Morgan]]. The government purchased Hearst's properties plus two-thirds of [[Rancho Pleyto]]. It added other private holdings as well.<ref name=beckett>{{cite book |last1=Raycraft |first1=Susan |last2=Beckett |first2=Ann Keenan |title=San Antonio Valley |date=2006 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=9780738546681 |page=109 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CyRC3_7n4bUC |access-date=2 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref> This surrounded the small unincorporated town of [[Jolon, California|Jolon]], which remains today in a significantly diminished form from its heyday.

The post is about {{convert|25|mi}} southwest of [[King City, California|King City]] and about {{convert|86|mi}} south of old [[Fort Ord]] on the Monterey Peninsula. In general, the installation is bounded on the north by the [[Salinas Valley]], on the east by the foothills of the [[Santa Lucia Mountains]], on the south by the Monterey/San Luis Obispo county line and on the west by approximately {{convert|55|mi}} of [[Los Padres National Forest]]. The highest mountain in the area is Junipero Serra Peak. At {{convert|5,862|ft}}, it is visible toward the north and has a fairly good road leading to the summit. The peak was formerly known as Santa Lucia and local long-time residents still call it by that name. In winter it is sometimes cloaked with a white mantle of snow.<ref name="liggett"/>

The fort is named for Lt. Gen. [[Hunter Liggett]], a commander and chief of staff under General [[John J. Pershing]] during World War I.<ref name=beckett/>

Fort Hunter Liggett was under the authority of [[Camp Roberts, California]], to the southeast, until 1952, when it became a sub-installation of Fort Ord. From the 1970s through the early 1990s, the post served two purposes — as a training area for the 7th [[7th Infantry Division (United States)|Light Infantry Division]] (based at Fort Ord), and as the home for the Training and Experimentation Command (USACDEC) (usually abbreviated as CDEC and later as TEC). The mission of CDEC was to evaluate new Army and Marine Corps weapons systems by providing a simulated Soviet Mechanized Rifle Company to act as the "OPFOR", or [[Opposing force|Opposing Forces]]. By this method, the [[M247 Sergeant York|Sgt. York anti-aircraft gun]] was found to have serious flaws, while the Marine's [[LAV-25|Light Armored Vehicle]] was validated. {{as of|2018|10}}, the command is officially designated as the U.S. Army Garrison Fort Hunter Liggett with Parks Reserve Forces Training Area (RFTA) (aka Camp Parks) located in Dublin, California as a sub-installation.
<ref name="liggett">{{cite web |title=The United States Army {{!}} Fort Hunter Liggett |url=http://www.liggett.army.mil/sites/history.php |website=www.liggett.army.mil |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

=== Base Realignment and Closure impact ===

In its 2005 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) recommendations, the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] recommended relocating the [[91st Division (United States)|91st Division]] from [[Parks Reserve Forces Training Area]] to Hunter Liggett. In 2007, the Army created the Combat Support Training Center at Fort Hunter Liggett and ramped up training from roughly 300,000 man-days per year (predominately during the summer), to over 850,000 per year, year-round. While training was centered around [[United States Army Reserve]] units preparing for deployment, such was provided to all Army components (Active, Reserve, and Guard), and to Air Force, Navy, Marines, and even foreign commands (the [[Japan Ground Self-Defense Force|Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force]] trained there in late 2007). Exercises held that first year included Pacific Warrior and Global Medic, which involved over 6,000 troops at Hunter Liggett, and connections to other units in locations across the nation. The Army installation's garrison commander relocated from Camp Parks to Hunter Liggett in early 2007, with oversight for [[Parks Reserve Forces Training Area|Camp Parks]] and Army units and housing that remain at former [[Moffett Federal Airfield|NAS Moffett Field]] and B.T. Collins Reserve Center in Sacramento.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Combat Support Training Center |url=http://www.liggett.army.mil/sites/about/history.asp |work=About CSTS |publisher=United States Army |date=2008-10-08 |access-date=2009-05-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424223541/http://liggett.army.mil/sites/about/history.asp |archive-date=April 24, 2009 }}</ref>

Significant training infrastructure improvements were made including several Tactical Training Bases (TTBs - analogous to Forward Operating Bases), a wired "shoot-house", improvements to the hardened landing strip capable of handling larger Air Force transport planes, and a 7-mile live-fire convoy course, the US Army's only such training area capable of handling 360-degree fire up to .50 caliber. A new US Army Reserve Center was constructed and the 91st Division moved into their new Headquarters building in May 2009. On 11 September 2010 the new HQ was designated as the Master Sergeant Robb G. Needham Army Reserve Center after the first 91st Division combat casualty since WWII.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hudson |first=Jason |date=12 January 2015 |title=Soldier Remembered at Fort Hunter Liggett |url=https://www.liggett.army.mil/sites/goldenguidon/06_SoldierRememberedatFortHunterLiggett.php |magazine=Golden Guidon |publisher=91 st Training Division |access-date=15 February 2019 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2019}}

==Filming location==
Fort Hunter Liggett was used to film parts of the movie ''[[We Were Soldiers]]''.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/List?endings=on&&locations=Fort%20Hunter%20Liggett,%20California,%20USA&&heading=18;with+locations+including;Fort%20Hunter%20Liggett,%20California,%20USA IMDB]</ref> The post was also used in the filming of [[Clear and Present Danger (film)|''Clear and Present Danger'']], starring [[Harrison Ford]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

The post is featured in ''Road Trip with [[Huell Howser]]'' Episode 147.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fort Hunter Liggett – Road Trip with Huell Howser (147) – Huell Howser Archives at Chapman University |url=https://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2009/09/30/fort-hunter-liggett-road-trip-with-huell-howser-147/}}</ref>

==Fires==
In 2002, a small portion of Fort Hunter Liggett was scorched by a 2,000-acre fire that was started by a [[United States Forest Service|U.S. Forest Service]] employee's personal Jeep. The fire resulted from a "mechanical failure" in the vehicle, and the employee tried to put the fire out before it spread to brush. No injuries were reported but the fire did consume several outbuildings.<ref>Times Wire Report - July 13, 2002</ref> Following the ramp-up in training in 2007, two fires that year consumed 5,000 acres (an elevated boom struck an electrical wire, sparking the fire) and 2,000 acres (sparks from live fire catching dry vegetation near by).

In 2008, negligent campers left a fire smoldering at a Los Padres National Forest campsite immediately northeast of Hunter Liggett. The ensuing wildfire — subsequently called the "Indians Fire" after the campsite where it originated — consumed over 200,000 acres, 9,000 of which were on the northern end of the military installation. While battling the fire, over 3,000 firefighters from across the nation based at Fort Hunter Liggett near one of the newly established Tactical Training Bases.

On August 13, 2016, the [[Chimney Fire]] started on the south side of [[Lake Nacimiento]] and burned northward onto the post. By the time the fire was contained, over 46,000 acres were burned of which several thousand were on the southwest part of the post.

The [[Dolan Fire]] reached Fort Hunter Liggett in September 2020, forcing an evacuation warning. The fire began in August near [[Limekiln State Park]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dolan Fire breaches Fort Hunter Liggett, 3 firefighters injured |url=https://pasoroblesdailynews.com/dolan-fire-breaches-fort-hunter-liggett-3-firefighters-injured/114011/ |access-date=15 September 2020 |work=Paso Robles Daily News |date=9 September 2020}}</ref>

==Ecology==
The fort covers hundreds of acres of [[grassland]], [[chaparral]] and oak woodland. There are several [[vernal pool]]s, a rare habitat type.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cooperativeconservation.org/viewproject.asp?pid=418 |title=Cooperative Conservation America |access-date=2010-02-28 |archive-date=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725194944/http://www.cooperativeconservation.org/viewproject.asp?pid=418 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The entire world population of the rare [[Pogogyne clareana|Santa Lucia mint]] (''Pogogyne clareana'') occurs on Fort Hunter Liggett grounds.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/collection/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=3552 |title=Center for Plant Conservation: ''P. clareana'' |access-date=2010-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029165837/http://centerforplantconservation.org/Collection/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=3552 |archive-date=2010-10-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

A herd of [[tule elk]] (''Cervus canadensis nannodes'') was established at Fort Hunter Liggett in December 1978 by translocation of 22 elk from the Tupman Tule Elk Reserve in [[Buttonwillow, California]], and two additional elk bulls translocated were from [[San Luis National Wildlife Refuge]] in September 1979. However, severe poaching resulted in failure of the translocation, with 14 of 15 elk mortalities the result of illegal hunting.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The 1978 Relocation of Tule Elk to Fort Hunter Liggett - Reasons for Its Failure |author1=Hanson, Michael T. |author2=James M. Willison |year=1983 |journal=Cal-Neva Wildlife Transactions |pages=42–49 |url=https://www.wildlifeprofessional.org/western/transactions/tr1983_5.html |accessdate=December 22, 2021}}</ref> The herd was re-established by the addition of 26 tule elk from the [[Owens Valley]] tule elk herd in December 1981, and the population reached 300-400 individual animals by 2002.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fort Hunter Liggett Resources |publisher=Techline |year=2002 |issue=Winter |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/50d37c2ce4b09ff030bc2f7b/t/537235c8e4b060b2a3cf1e95/1399993800743/TLWinter2002.pdf |accessdate=December 22, 2021 }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

''This article incorporates public domain content from United States government sources.''

==External links==
{{Commons category|Fort Hunter Liggett}}
* [https://home.army.mil/liggett/ Fort Hunter Liggett homepage]
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/fort-hunter-liggett.htm Global Security - Fort Hunter Liggett]
* {{cite web|last=Howser|first=Huell|title=Fort Hunter Liggett – Road Trip (147)|url=http://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2009/09/30/fort-hunter-liggett-road-trip-with-huell-howser-147/|work=California's Gold|publisher=Chapman University Huell Howser Archive|author-link=Huell Howser|date=30 September 2009}} This video features many of the sites at Fort Hunter Liggett, and includes a brief interview with the Installation Commander, Col. Kevin Riedler.
* {{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/pwro/fhl/ |title=National Park Service Special Resource Study of Fort Hunter Liggett | author=Martha Crusius | date=10 January 2007 | publisher=National Park Service }}

{{CAMilitary|state=collapsed}}
{{Monterey County, California}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Forts in California|Hunter Liggett]]
[[Category:Installations of the United States Army in California|Hunter Liggett]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Monterey County, California]]
[[Category:Geography of Monterey County, California]]
[[Category:Santa Lucia Range]]

Lake of the Woods, California

2024-10-20T20:32:27Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ use climate data that matches source (PRISM)

{{About|the community|the lake in El Dorado County|Lake of the Woods (California)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Lake of the Woods
| settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
| image_skyline = LakeOfTheWoods.jpg
| image_caption = Lake of the Woods, with Lockwood Valley Road and Lakewood Drive in the center. The buildings at bottom front on Frazier Mountain Park Road.
| image_seal =
| image_map = File:Kern County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Lake of the Woods Highlighted 0639696.svg
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_caption = Location of Lake of the Woods in Kern County, California
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 = Pink area is Lake of the Woods and nearby Frazier Park, both of them in ZIP code 93225.
| pushpin_map = USA California Southern#California#USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Southern California##Location in California##Location in the United States
| pushpin_label = Lake of the Woods
| pushpin_label_position = top
| coordinates = {{coord|34|49|03|N|118|59|47|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kern County, California|Kern]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| leader_title = N/A
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[California State Senate|Senate]]
| leader_name1 = [[Shannon Grove]] ([[California Republican Party|R]])
| leader_title2 = [[California State Assembly|Assembly]]
| leader_name2 = [[Vince Fong]] ([[California Republican Party|R]])
| leader_title3 = [[California's 22nd congressional district|U. S. Congress]]
| leader_name3 = [[Kevin McCarthy]] (R)
| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes = <ref>[https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt U.S. Census] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |date=2012-07-02 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 9.125
| area_total_sq_mi = 3.523
| area_land_km2 = 9.122
| area_land_sq_mi = 3.522
| area_water_km2 = 0.002
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.001
| area_water_percent = 0.028
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|254431}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 1561
| elevation_ft = 5121
| population_total = 790
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
| utc_offset = -8
| timezone_DST = PDT
| utc_offset_DST = -7
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 06-39696
}}

'''Lake of the Woods''' is an [[unincorporated area]] and [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in southwestern [[Kern County, California]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 790.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake of the Woods CDP, California |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US0639696 |access-date=July 13, 2022 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

The community is in [[Cuddy Canyon]] in the [[San Emigdio Mountains]], along the Ventura and Kern County line. It is within the [[Los Padres National Forest]].

The name "Lake of the Woods" was bestowed by pioneer Mrs. Florence Cuddy, when the community was established in 1925. The reservoir for which it was named has been dry since 1962, when its dam burst.<ref name=lakeless>Adam Nagourney, [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/08/us/a-dry-california-town-struggles-to-save-its-water-supply.html A Dry California Town Struggles to Save Its Water Supply], ''The New York Times'', March 7, 2014; see [https://ridgeroutemuseum.org/welcome-to-lake-of-the-woods/ Ridge Route Communities Museum And Historical Society] (accessed July 21, 2022) for precise year and circumstances.</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
|2010=917|2020=790}}

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0639696|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715030442/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0639696|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Lake of the Woods CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Lake of the Woods had a population of 917. The population density was {{convert|260.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Lake of the Woods was 820 (89.4%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3 (0.3%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 18 (2.0%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 11 (1.2%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 34 (3.7%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 31 (3.4%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 123 persons (13.4%).

The Census reported that 917 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 405 households, out of which 107 (26.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 188 (46.4%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 29 (7.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 24 (5.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 22 (5.4%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 1 (0.2%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 140 households (34.6%) were made up of individuals, and 52 (12.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26. There were 241 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (59.5% of all households); the average family size was 2.95.

The population was spread out, with 182 people (19.8%) under the age of 18, 75 people (8.2%) aged 18 to 24, 192 people (20.9%) aged 25 to 44, 348 people (37.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 120 people (13.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.7 years. For every 100 females there were 113.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.7 males.

There were 480 housing units at an average density of {{convert|136.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 274 (67.7%) were owner-occupied, and 131 (32.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.1%. 594 people (64.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 323 people (35.2%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 833 people, 346 households, and 217 families in Lake of the Woods, 88 percent of the residents being white — significantly higher than the population of the United States as a whole — which has a population about 75 percent white. There were no African-Americans included in the Lake of the Woods census.

[[File:Lake of the Woods, California.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The center of Lake of the Woods]]

The population was somewhat older than the country as a whole, the median age being 39 years in Lake of the Woods and 35 years elsewhere. The community had a higher percentage of veterans: One hundred sixteen residents had served in the armed forces, or 20 percent, compared with 13 percent in the rest of the country. Thirty-eight percent of all residents, or 305 people, were disabled; that is higher than the 19 percent disabled population in the country at large.

In common with some of the other [[Mountain Communities of the Tejon Pass]], Lake of the Woods had a significant vacancy rate when the census was taken in March 2000 — 129 of the 475 housing units were unoccupied, compared with just 9 percent in the nation at large. The vacancies may be attributed to some homes' being used only seasonally, or on the weekends.

==Transportation==

[[Kern Regional Transit]] provides bus service to Lake of the Woods Thursdays and Saturdays during the summer to [[Frazier Park, California|Frazier Park]], [[Lebec, California|Lebec]], [[Pinon Pines Estates, California|Pinon Pines]], and [[Pine Mountain Club, California|Pine Mountain Club]]. It offers a [[Paratransit|dial-a-ride service]] all year. Connections can be made in Frazier Park or Lebec to a scheduled service to [[Grapevine, California|Grapevine]] and [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]] and further connection from the latter to [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] and [[Amtrak]].<ref>[http://www.co.kern.ca.us/roads/kernregionaltransit.asp Kern Regional Transit bus routes.]</ref>

Road access from the east is provided by Frazier Mountain Park Road, which connects Lake of the Woods to Frazier Park, [[Lebec, California|Lebec]], and [[Interstate 5]]. Cuddy Valley Road heads west to Pinon Pines and Pine Mountain Club.

==Public facilities==
Lake of the Woods is served by the [[Frazier Park, California|Frazier Park]] post office.

Cuddy Hall, owned by the local Lake of the Woods property owners association, is a community center that is available to the public. It was sold to the association in 1959 by Mrs. Cuddy for just $10. It is used as a polling place and is rented out for weddings, parties, concerts, and other events.<ref>[http://www.mountainenterprise.com/full.php?sid=1637 "Association News," ''Mountain Enterprise,'' September 28, 2007.]</ref>
{{clr|left}}

==Climate==
{{Weather box
|location= Lake of the Woods, {{coord|34.8175|N|118.9964|W|display=inline}}, {{convert|5203|ft}}
|single line = Y

|Jan high F = 51.7
|Feb high F = 51.8
|Mar high F = 55.6
|Apr high F = 62.6
|May high F = 70.2
|Jun high F = 80.9
|Jul high F = 86.9
|Aug high F = 87.2
|Sep high F = 81.7
|Oct high F = 71.2
|Nov high F = 59.2
|Dec high F = 51

|Jan mean F = 40.4
|Feb mean F = 42.7
|Mar mean F = 43.3
|Apr mean F = 47.8
|May mean F = 54.8
|Jun mean F = 65.8
|Jul mean F = 70.4
|Aug mean F = 72.9
|Sep mean F = 67.5
|Oct mean F = 58.5
|Nov mean F = 46.6
|Dec mean F = 39.7

|Jan low F = 29.1
|Feb low F = 33.6
|Mar low F = 31
|Apr low F = 33
|May low F = 39.3
|Jun low F = 50.8
|Jul low F = 53.9
|Aug low F = 58.7
|Sep low F = 53.2
|Oct low F = 45.7
|Nov low F = 34.1
|Dec low F = 28.5

|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation inch =2.40
|Feb precipitation inch =3.20
|Mar precipitation inch =2.20
|Apr precipitation inch =0.77
|May precipitation inch =0.39
|Jun precipitation inch =0.06
|Jul precipitation inch =0.18
|Aug precipitation inch =0.05
|Sep precipitation inch =0.16
|Oct precipitation inch =0.48
|Nov precipitation inch =0.74
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.19
|source = PRISM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=Time Series Values for Individual Locations|publisher=PRISM Climate Group|quote=Enter coordinates, click "Zoom", select "30 years monthly normals" and "800m" resolution, click "Retrieve time series" then "Download time series"
}}</ref> (spatially interpolated, 1991-2020 normals)
}}

==See also==
* The [[Mountain Enterprise|''Mountain Enterprise'' newspaper]]
* [[Mountain Communities of the Tejon Pass]]
* [[1857 Fort Tejon earthquake]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Sources==
*Bailey, Richard C., ''Kern County Place Names'', (Bakersfield, California: Merchant's Printing and Lithography Co., 1967).
*US Geological Survey 7.5-minute quadrangle, "Frazier Mountain, California" (1995).

==Newspapers==
*[http://www.MountainEnterprise.com ''The Mountain Enterprise'']
*[http://www.bakersfield.com ''Bakersfield Californian''] The ''Californian'' discontinued circulation in the Mountain Communities effective May 1, 2009. [http://www.mountainenterprise.com/full.php?sid=4672 Source: ''Mountain Enterprise,'' April 3, 2009]

==External links==
**[https://sites.google.com/site/lowpoa/ Lake of the Woods Property Owners Association]

{{-}}
{{Kern County, California}}

[[Category:Mountain Communities of the Tejon Pass]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Kern County, California]]
[[Category:Los Padres National Forest]]
[[Category:San Emigdio Mountains]]
[[Category:1925 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1925]]

San Luis Obispo, California

2024-10-20T20:09:53Z

Hike395: rv unsourced change to climate data

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Redirect|San Luis Obispo}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = San Luis Obispo, California
| nickname = "SLO", "San Luis", "SLO Town"
| population_demonym = San Luis Obispan
| settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
| motto =


| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Mission San Luis Obispo (cropped).jpg
| photo2a = Higuera Street SLO 17.jpg
| photo2b = Downtown SLO - panoramio.jpg
| photo3a = Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, CA USA - panoramio (5) (cropped).jpg
| photo3b = Jespersen Hall (cropped).jpg
| spacing = 2
| position = center
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 260
| foot_montage = Clockwise from top: [[Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa]], Downtown San Luis, [[California Polytechnic State University]], Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, Higuera Street.
}}
| image_flag = Flag of San Luis Obispo, California.svg
| flag_size =
| image_seal = Seal of San Luis Obispo, California.png
| seal_size =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_type =
| blank_emblem_size =

| image_map = San_Luis_Obispo_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_San_Luis_Obispo_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_caption = Location in [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]] and the state of [[California]]
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =


| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = September 1, 1772
| established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date2 = February 16, 1856<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
| title = California Cities by Incorporation Date
| format = Word
| publisher = California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
| access-date = August 25, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
| archive-date = November 3, 2014}}</ref>
| named_for = [[Louis of Toulouse|St. Louis of Toulouse]]


| government_type = [[Mayor–council]]<ref name=structure>{{cite web
| url = http://slocity.org/organization.asp
| title = City Structure
| publisher = City of San Luis Obispo
| access-date = December 30, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140629053307/http://www.slocity.org/organization.asp
| archive-date = June 29, 2014}}</ref>
| governing_body = San Luis Obispo City Council
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Erica A. Stewart ([[California Democratic Party|D]])<ref name=SLOCC>{{cite web
| url = http://www.slocity.org/government/mayor-and-city-council
| title = Mayor and City Council
| publisher = City of San Luis Obispo
| access-date = November 1, 2018}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = City manager
| leader_name1 = Whitney McDonald<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/city-administration/city-manager
| title = Office of the City Manager
| publisher = City of San Luis Obispo
| access-date = September 13, 2024}}</ref>
| leader_title4 = State & Federal Congressmen<ref name=swd>{{cite web
| url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
| title = Statewide Database
| publisher = UC Regents
| access-date = November 18, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
| archive-date = February 1, 2015
}}</ref>
| leader_name4 = {{Collapsible list
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style = text-align:left;
|1 = • '''[[California's 30th State Assembly district|Assemblymember]]'''<br />{{spaces|9|hair}}{{Representative|caad|30|fmt=sleader}}
|2 = • '''[[California's 17th State Senate district|State Senator]]''':<br />{{spaces|9|hair}}{{Representative|casd|17|fmt=sleader}}
|3 = • '''[[California's 24th congressional district|U.S. Rep.]]''':<br />{{spaces|9|hair}}{{Representative|cacd|24|fmt=usleader}}}}


| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 13.25
| area_land_sq_mi = 13.11
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.15
| area_total_km2 = 34.32
| area_land_km2 = 33.94
| area_water_km2 = 0.38
| area_water_percent = 1.13
| area_note =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =


| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1652788|San Luis Obispo|access-date=November 24, 2014}}</ref>
| elevation_ft = 233
| elevation_m = 71


| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name=quif>{{cite web
| url = https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sanluisobispocitycalifornia,US/PST045219
| title = San Luis Obispo (city) QuickFacts
| publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]
| access-date = September 9, 2021
}}</ref>
| population_total = 47063
| pop_est_as_of = 2020
| population_density_sq_mi = 3589
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =


| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
| utc_offset = −8
| timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −7
| coordinates = {{coord|35|16|27|N|120|39|47|W|region:US-CA_type:city(47,000)|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code = 93401–93403, 93405–93410, 93412
| area_code = [[Area code 805|805]]
| area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
| blank_info = {{FIPS|06|68154}}
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|1652788}}, {{GNIS 4|2411796}}
| blank_name_sec2 = Congressional district
| blank_info_sec2 = [[California's 19th congressional district|19th]]
| website = {{URL|www.slocity.org}}
}}

{{langnf|es|'''San Luis Obispo'''|italic=no|[[Louis of Toulouse|St. Louis the Bishop]]|paren=left}}; {{IPAc-en|s|æ|n|_|ˌ|l|uː|ɪ|s|_|ə|ˈ|b|ɪ|s|p|oʊ}} {{respell|san|_|LOO|iss|_|ə|BISS|poh}};{{refn|{{cite web |url=https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/san-luis-obispo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206203243/https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/san-luis-obispo |archive-date=February 6, 2016 |title=San Luis Obispo |publisher=[[Lexico]] |language=en |access-date=January 17, 2016}}}} {{IPA|es|san ˈlwis oˈβispo|lang}}; [[Chumashan languages|Chumash]]: ''tiłhini'') is a city and [[county seat]] of [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]], in the [[U.S. state]] of [[California]]. Located on the [[Central Coast (California)|Central Coast of California]], San Luis Obispo is roughly halfway between the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] in the north and [[Greater Los Angeles]] in the south. The population was 47,063 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]].<ref name=slodemog>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2020census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0668154|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715043624/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0668154|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - San Luis Obispo city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref>

San Luis Obispo was founded by the Spanish in 1772, when [[Junípero Serra|Saint Junípero Serra]] established [[Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa]]. The town grew steadily through the Mexican period before a rapid expansion of San Luis Obispo following the American [[Conquest of California]]. San Luis Obispo is a popular tourist destination, known for its historic architecture, [[California wine|vineyards]], and hospitality, as well as for being home to [[California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo]].

==History==
The earliest human inhabitants of the local area were the [[Chumash people]]. One of the earliest villages lies south of San Luis Obispo and reflects the landscape of the early [[Holocene]] when estuaries came farther inland. The Chumash people used marine resources of the inlets and bays along the Central Coast and inhabited a network of villages, including sites at [[Los Osos, California|Los Osos]] and [[Morro Creek]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18502 |title=The Megalithic Portal |publisher=Mwegalithic.co.uk |access-date=September 7, 2015}}</ref> The tribal site on present-day San Luis Obispo was named {{langnf|obi|tiłhini|Place of the full moon}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.housing.calpoly.edu/ytt |title=yakʔitʸutʸu resources - University Housing - Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo |publisher=Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo University Housing |access-date=November 1, 2018}}</ref>

===Spanish period===
[[File:San_Luis_Obispo_(Edwin_Deakin,_1899).jpg|thumb|left|The Spanish founded San Luis Obispo on September 1, 1772, when [[Saint Junípero Serra]] established [[Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa]].]]
During the [[Spanish Empire]] expansion throughout the world, specifically in 1769, Franciscan [[Junípero Serra]] received orders from Spain to bring the Catholic faith to the natives of [[Alta California]]; the idea was to unify the empire under the same religion and language. [[Mission San Diego]] was the first [[Spanish missions in California|Spanish mission]] founded in Alta California that same year.

On September 7, 1769, an expedition led by [[Gaspar de Portolá]] entered the San Luis Obispo area from coastal areas around today's [[Pismo Beach, California|Pismo Beach]]. One of the expedition's three diarists, padre [[Juan Crespí]], recorded the name given to this area by the soldiers as ''Cañada de Los Osos'' ("cañada" translates as "valley" or "canyon," and Osos translates to "bears"). The party traveled north along San Luis Obispo Creek, turned west through Los Osos Valley, and reached [[Morro Bay, California|Morro Bay]] on September 9.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bolton |first=Herbert E. |pages=184–187 |year=1927 |title=Fray Juan Crespi: Missionary Explorer on the Pacific Coast, 1769-1774 |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000288788 |publisher=HathiTrust Digital Library |access-date=December 7, 2019}}</ref>

In 1770, Portola established the [[Presidio of Monterey]] and Junípero Serra founded the second mission, [[Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo|San Carlos Borromeo]], in [[Monterey, California|Monterey]]. The mission was moved to [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|Carmel]] the following year.

In 1772, as the people of [[Presidio of Monterey]] and [[Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo|San Carlos Borromeo]] faced starvation, owing to a lack of supplies, Commander [[Pedro Fages]] (a member of the [[Portolà expedition]]) led a hunting expedition to the ''Cañada de Los Osos'' to bring back food. Over twenty-five mule loads of dried bear meat and seed were sent north to relieve the missionaries, soldiers, and neophytes (baptized natives). It was after this that Junípero Serra decided that La Cañada de Los Osos would be an ideal place for the fifth mission.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

[[File:Arrest of Padre Martínez at Mission San Luis Obispo in 1831.jpg|thumb|left|The arrest of Padre Martínez at Mission San Luis Obispo in 1830]]

The area had abundant supplies of food and water, the climate was also very mild, and the local [[Chumash people|Chumash]] were very friendly. With soldiers, muleteers, and pack animals carrying mission supplies, Junípero Serra set out from Carmel to reach the Valley of the Bears. On September 1, 1772, Junípero Serra celebrated the first Mass with a cross erected near San Luis Creek. The very next day, he departed for San Diego leaving Fr. José Cavaller, with the difficult task of building the mission. Fr. [[José Cavaller]], five soldiers and two neophytes began building the [[Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa]] which would later become the town of San Luis Obispo. Both the mission and the town were named after [[Louis of Toulouse|San Luis, obispo de Tolosa]] (St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse, France).

===Mexican period===
When the [[Mexican War of Independence]] from Spain broke out in 1810, all California missions had to become virtually self-sufficient, receiving few funds or supplies from Spanish sources. Beginning soon after [[Mexico]] won her independence from [[Spain]] in 1821, anti-Spanish feelings led to calls for expulsion of the Spanish Franciscans and [[secularization]] of the missions. Because the fledgling Mexican government had many more important problems to deal with than far-off California, [[Spanish missions in California#Mission period|actual secularization]] did not happen until the mid-1830s.

After 1834, the mission became an ordinary parish, and most of its huge land holdings were broken up into land grants called ''[[Ranchos of California|ranchos]]''. The ranchos were given by Mexican land grant from 1837 to 1846, with the mission itself being granted in the final year. The central community, however, remained in the same location and formed the nucleus of today's city of San Luis Obispo.

===American period===
Following the American [[Conquest of California]], San Luis Obispo was the first town incorporated in the newly formed [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]]. It remains the center of the county to the present. Early in the American period, the region was well known for lawlessness.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title = The History of San Luis Obispo County|last = Angel|first = Myron|publisher = Thompson & West|year = 1886 |location=CA |pages=294–304}}</ref> It gained a reputation as "Barrio del Tigre" (or Tiger-Town) because of the endemic problem.<ref name=":1">{{cite book|title = San Luis Obispo County: Looking Backward into the Middle Kingdom|last = Daniel|first = Krieger|publisher = Windsor Publications|year = 1988|pages = 34–49}}</ref> Robberies and murders that left no witnesses were carried out on along the [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]] and elsewhere around San Luis Obispo for several years. Finally a gang of eight men committed a robbery with three murders and a kidnapping at the [[Rancho San Juan Capistrano del Camote]] in May 1858, that uncharacteristically left two witnesses alive. This brought about the formation of a [[vigilance committee]] in the County that killed one, the suspected leader of the gang [[Pio Linares]], and lynched six others, a total of seven men suspected of such misdeeds (the most lethal in California history).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>A list of vigilance committee victims for the whole of California history may be found in Ken Gonzales-Day, ''Lynching in the West'', NC: Duke University Press, 2006, 207-228.</ref> Members of the committee remained influential members of the community for decades.

The ranchos remained focused on cattle after the [[conquest of California]]. With the discovery of gold, the county experienced a major economic surge with the rising price of beef, with the highest prices coming in 1851. The county remained focused on cattle until 1863, when a drought left most ranchos devastated. Residents quickly turned to other venues, leading to the breaking up of many of the ranchos and a major change in the economic climate of the town, which focused less on cattle ranching and more on dairies, agriculture, and mined goods from then onward.

San Luis Obispo once had a burgeoning Chinatown in the vicinity of Palm Street and Chorro Street. Laborers were brought from China by [[Ah Louis]] in order to construct the [[Pacific Coast Railway]], roads connecting San Luis Obispo over the [[Cuesta Pass]] to [[Paso Robles, California|Paso Robles]] and from Paso Robles to [[Cambria, California|Cambria]], and also the 1884 to 1894 tunneling through Cuesta Ridge for the [[Southern Pacific Railroad]]. The town's Chinatown revolved around [[Ah Louis]] Store and other Palm Street businesses owned and run by Chinese business people. Today, Mee Heng Low chop suey shop is all that remains of the culture, although a slightly Chinatown-themed commercial development has been planned. A display of some of the unearthed relics from this period can be seen on the first floor of the Palm Street parking garage, which was built over the location where Chinatown once stood. The San Luis Obispo Historical Society (adjacent to the Mission) also contains rotating historical exhibits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/5views/5views3h2.htm |title=''Five Views: An Ethnic History Site Survey'' |publisher=Nps.gov |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref>

San Luis Obispo was also a popular stop en route to Los Angeles. [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] and [[California State Route 1]] were constructed with the rise of car culture. Due to its popularity as a stop, it was the location of the first [[motel]] in the world, the [[Motel Inn|Milestone Mo-Tel]].

<gallery widths="200px" heights="135px">
File:San Luis Obispo in 1864.png|San Luis Obispo in 1864
File:Barrio del Tigre (San Luis Obispo, California) 1865.jpg|San Luis Obispo was known as the {{langnf|es|Barrio del Tigre|Tiger Town}} in the late 19th century, owing to the multitude of robberies and murders taking place there.
File:San Luis Obispo (late 19th century).jpg|San Luis in the late 19th century
</gallery>

==Geography==
[[File:Hills in San Luis Obispo (cropped).jpg|thumb|Three of the [[Nine Sisters|Nine Morros]], showing [[Cerro Romauldo]] (left), [[Chumash Peak]] (center), and [[Bishop Peak (California)|Bishop Peak]] (right)]]

San Luis Obispo is located on [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]], about {{Convert|31|mi}} north of [[Santa Maria, California|Santa Maria]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|13.25|sqmi}}, of which, {{convert|13.1|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|0.15|sqmi}} (1.13%) is water.

San Luis Obispo is on the [[West Coast of the United States]] and in the [[Central Coast (California)|Central Coast of California]]. The Pacific Ocean is about {{convert|11|mi|km}} west of San Luis Obispo. The [[Santa Lucia Mountains]] lie just east of San Luis Obispo. These mountains are the headwaters for [[San Luis Obispo Creek]], whose watershed encompasses {{convert|84|sqmi|km2}} surrounding the city and flows to the Pacific Ocean at [[Avila Beach, California|Avila Beach]].<ref>{{cite report |title=San Luis Obispo Creek Watershed Enhancement Plan |author1=Brian B. Stark |author2=Brett Wilkison |date=January 1, 2002 |publisher=The Land Conservancy of San Luis Obispo County |pages=93 |url=http://www.coastalrcd.org/images/cms/files/SLO%20Creek%20Watershed%20Enhancement%20Plan.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2013 |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060201/http://www.coastalrcd.org/images/cms/files/SLO%20Creek%20Watershed%20Enhancement%20Plan.pdf }}</ref>

San Luis Obispo is a seismically active area; there are a number of nearby faults including the [[San Andreas Fault]]. The [[Nine Sisters]] are a string of hills that partially run through San Luis Obispo. They are [[geologically]] noteworthy for being [[volcanic plug]]s. Six of the nine peaks are open to the public for recreation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://santalucia.sierraclub.org/ninesis.html |title=The Nine Sisters of San Luis Obispo County |work=[[Sierra Club]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625183618/http://santalucia.sierraclub.org/ninesis.html |archive-date=June 25, 2009 |access-date=February 12, 2007}}</ref>

{{Panorama
|image = 360-SLO-Calpoly.jpg
|height = 150
|caption = {{center|Panorama of San Luis Obispo, showing [[Cerro San Luis]] and Bishop Peak in the middle, with [[California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo]] below}}
}}

===Climate===
San Luis Obispo experiences a warm [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Csb''). On average it has 50 days with measurable rain per year, mostly during winter months. Summers are generally warm and sunny, often with morning fog from the Pacific coast. Winters are generally mild, though below freezing lows occur 2.6 nights per year on average.<ref name = NOAA/> Measurable snowfall in San Luis Obispo has not officially been recorded since records began in 1870, although photos show about {{convert|0.3|in|cm}} fell in 1922 and snow flurries were reported in both 1988 and 2006. Temperatures do, however, vary widely at any time of the year, with {{convert|80|°F|°C|abbr=on}} readings in January and February not uncommon.

Although heat extremes above {{convert|110|F|C|1}} have been recorded, the maritime moderation is generally strong due to the proximity to the cool ocean waters. The hottest temperature on record is officially at {{convert|113|F|C}} on September 6, 2020, although a 120 reading was reported in the local news.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/weather-news/article245535995.html| title = 'This is unmatched': SLO reaches an all-time heat record — a whopping 120 degrees| publisher = [[San Luis Obispo Tribune]]| access-date = September 5, 2020}}</ref> Nights remain cool year round due to [[California Current|cold-current ocean air]] in summer and being in a valley subject to [[inversion (meteorology)|inversion]], although seldom cold. The warmest night recorded was {{convert|75|F|C}} on September 22, 1939, and the coldest day at {{convert|40|F|C}} on December 11, 1932.<ref name= NOWData/>

{{Weather box
|location = San Luis Obispo, California ([[California Polytechnic State University|CPSU]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1927–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 90
|Feb record high F = 89
|Mar record high F = 92
|Apr record high F = 104
|May record high F = 102
|Jun record high F = 108
|Jul record high F = 111
|Aug record high F = 107
|Sep record high F = 113
|Oct record high F = 109
|Nov record high F = 98
|Dec record high F = 92

|Jan avg record high F = 78.3
|Feb avg record high F = 79.7
|Mar avg record high F = 82.5
|Apr avg record high F = 87.8
|May avg record high F = 89.1
|Jun avg record high F = 91.3
|Jul avg record high F = 90.9
|Aug avg record high F = 93.8
|Sep avg record high F = 97.9
|Oct avg record high F = 96.2
|Nov avg record high F = 86.8
|Dec avg record high F = 76.7
|year avg record high F = 102.0

|Jan high F = 64.9
|Feb high F = 65.2
|Mar high F = 67.3
|Apr high F = 69.3
|May high F = 71.9
|Jun high F = 75.7
|Jul high F = 78.3
|Aug high F = 79.7
|Sep high F = 80.1
|Oct high F = 77.8
|Nov high F = 70.8
|Dec high F = 64.4
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 54.4
|Feb mean F = 54.8
|Mar mean F = 56.7
|Apr mean F = 58.0
|May mean F = 60.6
|Jun mean F = 63.8
|Jul mean F = 66.3
|Aug mean F = 67.3
|Sep mean F = 67.0
|Oct mean F = 64.7
|Nov mean F = 59.1
|Dec mean F = 54.0
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 44.0
|Feb low F = 44.4
|Mar low F = 46.1
|Apr low F = 46.8
|May low F = 49.3
|Jun low F = 51.8
|Jul low F = 54.2
|Aug low F = 54.8
|Sep low F = 53.8
|Oct low F = 51.5
|Nov low F = 47.7
|Dec low F = 43.7
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 33.9
|Feb avg record low F = 34.5
|Mar avg record low F = 36.8
|Apr avg record low F = 38.3
|May avg record low F = 42.0
|Jun avg record low F = 45.3
|Jul avg record low F = 48.6
|Aug avg record low F = 49.5
|Sep avg record low F = 46.4
|Oct avg record low F = 41.6
|Nov avg record low F = 36.4
|Dec avg record low F = 33.2
|year avg record low F =

|Jan record low F = 24
|Feb record low F = 21
|Mar record low F = 28
|Apr record low F = 29
|May record low F = 32
|Jun record low F = 35
|Jul record low F = 36
|Aug record low F = 40
|Sep record low F = 35
|Oct record low F = 30
|Nov record low F = 23
|Dec record low F = 17

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 5.07
|Feb precipitation inch = 4.92
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.89
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.38
|May precipitation inch = 0.51
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.13
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.07
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.01
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.11
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.76
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.98
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.59
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 8.7
|Feb precipitation days = 9.8
|Mar precipitation days = 8.6
|Apr precipitation days = 4.1
|May precipitation days = 2.4
|Jun precipitation days = 0.7
|Jul precipitation days = 0.5
|Aug precipitation days = 0.2
|Sep precipitation days = 0.7
|Oct precipitation days = 3.2
|Nov precipitation days = 4.4
|Dec precipitation days = 8.4

|Jan snow inch =
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|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days =
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|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00047851&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: San Luis Obispo Poly, CA
|access-date = September 2, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=lox
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Los Angeles
|access-date = September 2, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==

{{US Census population
|1880= 2243
|1890= 2995
|1900= 3021
|1910= 5157
|1920= 5895
|1930= 8276
|1940= 8881
|1950= 14180
|1960= 20437
|1970= 28036
|1980= 34252
|1990= 41958
|2000= 44174
|2010= 45119
|2020= 47063
|estimate= 49244
|estyear=2023
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref name=slodemog /> reported that San Luis Obispo had a population of 45,119. The population density was {{convert|3,489.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of San Luis Obispo was 38,117 (84.5%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 523 (1.2%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 275 (0.6%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2,350 (5.2%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 65 (0.1%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1,973 (4.4%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1,816 (4.0%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 6,626 persons (14.7%).

The Census reported that 43,937 people (97.4% of the population) lived in households, 967 (2.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 215 (0.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 19,193 households, out of which 3,178 (16.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 5,690 (29.6%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 1,336 (7.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 586 (3.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,104 (5.8%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 124 (0.6%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 6,213 households (32.4%) were made up of individuals, and 1,957 (10.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29. There were 7,612 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (39.7% of all households); the average family size was 2.81.

The population was spread out, with 5,522 people (12.2%) under the age of 18, 15,670 people (34.7%) aged 18 to 24, 9,630 people (21.3%) aged 25 to 44, 8,866 people (19.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 5,431 people (12.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.2 males.

There were 20,553 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,589.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 7,547 (39.3%) were owner-occupied, and 11,646 (60.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.7%. 17,225 people (38.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 26,712 people (59.2%) lived in rental housing units.

The city has a desired maximum population of 57,200 within the urban reserve, however with the extremely rapid growth of the area it is unknown whether this population cap will remain.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=SLO General Plan Land Use Element|url=http://www.slocity.org/home/showdocument?id=6635|journal=SLO General Plan Land Use Element}}</ref>

===2000===
As of the 2000 census,<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |title=U.S. Census website |access-date=January 31, 2008}}</ref> there were 27,819 people, 18,639 households, and 7,697 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|4,144.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 19,306 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,811.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 84.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 5.3% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.5% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.7% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 4.8% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 3.6% from two or more races. 11.7% of the population were [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 18,639 households, out of which 17.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 31.3% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 58.7% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 14.2% under the age of 18, 33.6% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.

The median [[income]] for a household in the city was $98,977 and the median income for a family was $112,740. The median household income in San Luis Obispo County was $60,534, and the median family income was $72,327. Males had a median income of $41,915 versus $27,407 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $20,386. 26.6% of the population and 7.1% of families were below the [[poverty line]], a similar number to [[Cleveland, Ohio]]. Out of the total population, 9.3% of those under the age of 18 and 4.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.{{Dubious|date=August 2024}}

==Economy==
Downtown San Luis Obispo has many eclectic shops and boutiques.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/business/article228085274.html|title=Are high rent and parking restrictions forcing businesses out of downtown SLO?|last=Wilson|first=Nick|date=March 28, 2019|website=[[The Tribune (San Luis Obispo)|The Tribune]]|language=en|access-date=March 28, 2019}}</ref> [[Takken's Shoes]] is headquartered in San Luis Obispo. [[Ernie Ball Inc.|Ernie Ball]]'s Music Man factory is located in San Luis Obispo. [[Mindbody Inc.|Mindbody]] and [[iFixit]] have been headquartered in San Luis Obispo since their inceptions. In 2019, SLO experienced a boom in home construction along with continued building of commercial structures. As housing had not kept up with job growth, many people who cannot afford to live where they work, commute to their jobs in SLO.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wilson|first=Nick|date=June 19, 2019|title=SLO has plans for thousands of new homes, buildings. Not everyone is happy about it|work=[[The Tribune (San Luis Obispo)|The Tribune]]|url=https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article231189173.html|access-date=June 2, 2020}}</ref>

[[Pacific Gas and Electric]] is the largest non-governmental employer in the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article84993992.html|title=PG&E agrees to close Diablo Canyon in 2025|last=Sneed|first=David|newspaper=[[The Tribune (San Luis Obispo)|San Luis Obispo Tribune]]}}</ref> In 2016, they announced the closure of the [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant]] in 2025, which will cost the local economy 1,500 jobs with an average salary of $157,000, as well as nearly $1 billion annually in economic activity. Congressman [[Salud Carbajal]] introduced H.R. 5441 to the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] in order to create Energy Opportunity Zones, which is designed to specifically target areas that have had a nuclear power plant shut down within 10 years (including San Luis Obispo) for federal tax credits for renewable energy generation, including solar, wind, and wave energy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ksby.com/story/37865178/renewable-energy-bill-aims-to-attract-wind-solar-investments-as-diablo-canyon-closes |title=Renewable energy bill aims to attract wind, solar investments as - KSBY.com | San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Area News |website=www.ksby.com |access-date=January 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403084433/http://www.ksby.com/story/37865178/renewable-energy-bill-aims-to-attract-wind-solar-investments-as-diablo-canyon-closes |archive-date=April 3, 2018 }}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa (cropped).JPG|[[Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa]], built in 1772, in downtown San Luis
File:Lawn - Leaning Pine Arboretum - DSC05832.JPG|The [[Leaning Pine Arboretum]]
File:San Luis Obispo, California (28007156530) (cropped).jpg|Shops at Higuera and Chorro streets in downtown San Luis
File:Saint.anne.masthead.jpg|[[Saint Anne Byzantine Catholic Church|St. Anne Byzantine Catholic Church]]
File:The Wineman Hotel - panoramio.jpg|upright|Historic Wineman Hotel
File:Edna Valley Vineyards, San Luis Obispo County (29594090285).jpg|San Luis Obispo is a popular tourist destination as part of the [[Central Coast AVA|Californian Central Coast wine region]].
File:MINDBODY Headquarters San Luis Obispo.jpg|[[Mindbody Inc.]] headquarters
File:073x Dining in the Street (50324001011).jpg|Restaurants in downtown San Luis
</gallery>

===Top employers===
According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.slocity.org/home/showpublisheddocument/31535/637758729982570000 |title=City of San Luis Obispo CAFR}}</ref> the top employers in the city are:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Employer
! Employees
|-
| 1
|[[California Polytechnic State University]]
|3,100
|-
|2
|[[San Luis Obispo County, California|County of San Luis Obispo]]
|2,920
|-
|3
|Dept. of State Hospitals - Atascadero
|2,140
|-
|4
|[[Pacific Gas and Electric Company|Pacific Gas and Electric]] ([[Diablo Canyon Power Plant|Diablo Canyon]])
|1,950
|-
|5
|[[California Men's Colony]]
|1,500
|-
|6
|[[Tenet Healthcare]]
|1,305
|-
|7
|Compass Health
|1,200
|-
|8
|[[San Luis Coastal Unified School District]]
|1,200
|-
|9
|[[Dignity Health]] Central Coast
|1,000
|-
|10
|[[Lucia Mar Unified School District]]
|1,000
|}

==Government==
[[File:SLO County Courthouse (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Built in 1940, the San Luis Obispo County Courthouse was designed by noted architects [[Walker & Eisen]].]]

San Luis Obispo is [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] as a [[charter city]]. It is also the [[county seat]] of [[San Luis Obispo County, California|San Luis Obispo County]]. The [[city charter]] provides for a "Council-Mayor-City Manager" form of municipal government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slocity.org/home/showdocument?id=1994 |title=San Luis Obispo City Charter |work=City of San Luis Obispo |access-date=December 15, 2010}}</ref> The city council has five members: a [[mayor]] who is elected to two-year terms, with each mayor limited to serving no more than four consecutive terms, and four city council members who are elected to four-year terms, with each council member limited to serving no more than two consecutive terms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slocity.org/organization.asp |title=City Government: City Structure |work=City of San Luis Obispo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060725100335/http://www.slocity.org/organization.asp |archive-date=July 25, 2006 |access-date=February 12, 2007}}</ref>

The fire department of San Luis Obispo was first organized in 1872 and now has 45 full-time [[firefighter]]s and four [[fire station]]s ({{As of|2007|lc=on}}).<ref name="ci.san-luis-obispo.ca.us">{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.san-luis-obispo.ca.us/fire/about.asp |title=City of San Luis Obispo Fire Department |work=City of San Luis Obispo |access-date=May 22, 2007}}</ref> The SLO City Fire Stations are staffed with three-man ALS engine companies and a four-man ALS Truck company. Each apparatus has at least one paramedic on duty each day. The department responds to over 4,500 calls each year. The San Luis Obispo City Fire Department also maintains a bike medic program which is used at the Farmers' Market and other special events throughout the city. Four members of the Fire Department are also on the San Luis Obispo SWAT Team as SWAT Medics and respond using Squad 1 (an ALS equipped ambulance which also carries some light rescue gear and other specialty tools) The front-line members of the department are represented by the San Luis Obispo City Firefighters' IAFF Local 3523.<ref name="ci.san-luis-obispo.ca.us" />

The City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department can trace its lineage back to 1872 when plans were made to provide the city with safe drinking water.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historyinslocounty.org/Early%20Champions%20in%20Health.htm |title=HISTORY IN SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY Site created and maintained by Lynne Landwehr |access-date=November 14, 2020 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116114047/https://www.historyinslocounty.org/Early%20Champions%20in%20Health.htm }}</ref> Currently the Utilities Department operates a [[water treatment plant]] designed to treat 16 million gallons a day, the [[Whale Rock Reservoir]] located in [[Cayucos, CA]], a [[water distribution system]] including 15 pressure zones and 150 miles of [[water mains]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/utilities-department/water/distribution-system|title=Distribution System | City of San Luis Obispo, CA}}</ref> The [[Wastewater treatment|Water Resource Recovery Facility]] treats 4.5 million gallons per day and is currently undergoing a plant upgrade expected to be completed in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/utilities-department/wastewater/wastewater-treatment|title=Wastewater Treatment | City of San Luis Obispo, CA}}</ref>

===Notable ordinances===
[[File:SLO County Government Office - panoramio (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|The County Government Center]]
[[File:San Luis Obispo Chamber of Commerce - San Luis Obispo, California (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|San Luis Obispo Chamber of Commerce, located in downtown]]
In June 1990 City Councilman [[Jerry Reiss]] proposed a city ordinance to [[Smoking ban|ban smoking]] in all indoor public areas. Following a failed effort {{citation needed|reason=What was the nature of the effort? Are there tv, radio or newspaper ads?|date=February 2019}} by [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company]] to defeat the ordinance, the City Council voted 4–1 in favor on June 19, 1990, with only Mayor [[Ron Dunin]] dissenting. As a result, on August 2, 1990, San Luis Obispo became the first municipality in the world to ban smoking in all public buildings, including bars and restaurants. This statute has been a catalyst worldwide in anti-smoking legislation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tobacco.org/News/010129garth.html |title=Letter to Nebraska Senators from San Luis Obispo Chamber of Commerce in favor of Smokefree Legislation |work=Tobacco.org |access-date=April 7, 2007 |archive-date=March 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315203259/http://www.tobacco.org/News/010129garth.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-08-02-mn-1350-story.html | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Miles | last=Corwin | date=August 2, 1990 | title=Smokers Snuffed: San Luis Obispo Will Implement Nation's Toughest Tobacco Law Today}}</ref><ref>STRICT SMOKING BAN OK'D, San Jose Mercury News, June 21, 1990</ref> In April 2010, San Luis Obispo strengthened its anti-smoking legislation, making smoking in public, excepting for certain conditions, a citable offense beginning on June 20, 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=King |date=July 1, 2010 |title=San Luis Obispo Smoking Ban Now In Effect |url=http://920kvec.com/pages/7596314.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703080851/http://920kvec.com/pages/7596314.php |archive-date=July 3, 2010 |work=KVEC}}</ref>

In 1982, following public hearings, the city council approved an ordinance forbidding the construction of "[[drive-through]]" businesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sanluisobispo.com/2007/06/20/73096/fast-food-drive-thrus-to-remain.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912071118/http://www.sanluisobispo.com/2007/06/20/73096/fast-food-drive-thrus-to-remain.html|title=Fast food drive-thrus to remain banned in SLO - The Tribune & SanLuis…|date=September 12, 2012|archive-date=September 12, 2012|website=archive.is}}</ref> [[In-N-Out Burger]] opened a restaurant in the nearby town of Atascadero because of the ban.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atascadero.org/media/council/2c72cfcC-1-Drive-thrus.pdf |title=Atascadero City Council : Staff Report : Informational Background Report: Drive-Throughs: Overview of Zoning Issues and Impacts |publisher=Atascadero.org |access-date=September 7, 2015}}</ref> In 2008 the City Council voted 3–2 to keep the ban.<ref>{{cite magazine |author1=Jamie Hartford |title=The Death of the Drive-Thru |url=http://www2.qsrmagazine.com/articles/features/120/emissions-1.phtml |access-date=July 8, 2023 |magazine=QSR Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318221238/http://www2.qsrmagazine.com/articles/features/120/emissions-1.phtml |archive-date=March 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qsrweb.com/article.php?id=9886 |title=Drive-thru bans a wave of the future? | QSRweb.com |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121202232708/http://www.qsrweb.com/article.php?id=9886 |archive-date=December 2, 2012 |access-date=February 6, 2016}}</ref>

In April 2010, an "unruly gathering" ordinance passed with a vote of 4–1. This ordinance poses a fine of $700 for the hosts of gatherings with more than 20 people on private property that create a substantial disturbance in a significant amount of the neighborhood. Unlawful conduct includes [[Noise regulation|excessive noise]]; [[public drunkenness]]; serving alcohol to minors; fighting; urinating in public; crowds overflowing into yards, sidewalks, or streets; or similar unlawful behaviors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mustangdaily.net/unruly-gathering-ordinance-passes-without-protest/ |last=Barba |first=Jessica |publisher=Mustang Daily |title=Unruly Gathering Ordinance Passes Without Protest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206024135/http://mustangdaily.net/unruly-gathering-ordinance-passes-without-protest/ |archive-date=February 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.san-luis-obispo.ca.us/police/pdfs/unrulgathrules.pdf|last=Tregenza|first=Ardith|publisher=San Luis Obispo Police Department|title=Unruly Gathering Rules}}</ref>

===State and federal representation===
In the [[California State Legislature]], San Luis Obispo is in {{Representative|casd|17|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|30|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = https://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/final-maps/
| title = Final Maps
| publisher = State of California
| access-date = June 27, 2023
}}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], San Luis Obispo is in {{Representative|cacd|24|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|24|access-date=September 29, 2014}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Cal Poly Business School.jpg|thumb|left|[[California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo]]]]
[[File:San Luis Obispo, CA USA - panoramio (4) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Mission College Prep. School]]
All public K–12 institutions in San Luis Obispo are operated by [[San Luis Coastal Unified School District]], which contains six elementary schools, one middle school (Laguna Middle School), and one high school, [[San Luis Obispo High School]]. The district also operates several schools outside of San Luis Obispo in nearby Avila Beach, Edna Valley, Morro Bay, and Los Osos.<ref>{{cite web|title=SLCUSD: Our Schools|url=http://www.slcusd.org/schools|publisher=San Luis Coastal Unified School District ("SLCUSD")}}</ref> Additionally, [[Mission College Preparatory High School|Mission College Preparatory Catholic High School]] and Old Mission School (est. 1876 as The Academy of the Immaculate Heart of Mary) operate privately within the Diocese of Monterey.

San Luis Obispo is home to [[California Polytechnic State University]] (Cal Poly), a public university enrolling 21,97 students as of fall 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=California Polytechnic State University--San Luis Obispo, CA |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/california-polytechnic-state-university-san-luis-obispo-1143#:~:text=Overview,campus%20size%20is%209%2C178%20acres. |url-status=live |website=US News and World Report |publisher=}}</ref> The school is just outside city limits and provides on-campus housing for nearly 6,000 freshmen and sophomores.

The area is also served by [[Cuesta College]], part of the [[California Community College System]].

==Culture==
[[File:Madonna-inn-exterior-MCB (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Madonna Inn]] is one of San Luis Obispo's more famous landmarks.]]
The [[Madonna Inn]] is an eccentric landmark established by [[Alex Madonna]] in 1958. The [[Fremont Theater]], a historic [[Art Deco]] theater from the 1940s, once played first-run movies on the huge screen, and now hosts stage performances. Murals adorn the walls of the main theater while neon swirls light the ceiling. The [[Palm Theatre, San Luis Obispo|Palm Theatre]] boasts solar heating and is home to the [[San Luis Obispo International Film Festival]]. Since about 1960, people have been sticking chewed gum on the walls of [[Bubblegum Alley]]. The doctor's office on the corner of Santa Rosa and Pacific streets is one of very few commercial buildings designed by [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]. San Luis also has a [[Carnegie Library]] which is now home to the San Luis Obispo County Historical Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slochs.org/ |title=slochs.org |publisher=slochs.org |access-date=September 7, 2015}}</ref>

The "underground city" is a series of tunnels beneath the city.<ref>[http://www.ksby.com/news/what-lies-beneath-the-truth-behind-san-luis-obispo-s-tunnels/ What Lies Beneath: The truth behind San Luis Obispo's tunnels | KSBY.com | San Luis Obispo, Santa Maria, Santa Barbara, Paso Robles] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215141154/http://www.ksby.com/news/what-lies-beneath-the-truth-behind-san-luis-obispo-s-tunnels/ |date=February 15, 2015}}. KSBY.com. Retrieved July 21, 2013.</ref>

One of the largest [[Mardi Gras]] parades west of the [[Mississippi]] was held in San Luis Obispo, but [[San Luis Obispo Mardi Gras controversy|canceled]] in 2005 because of difficulties related to crowd control and alcohol consumption.
[[File:Bubble Gum Alley.jpg|thumb|left|The infamous [[Bubblegum Alley]] in downtown San Luis Obispo]]
Cal Poly's open house, Poly Royal, was held annually from 1933 to 1990, though canceled in 1945 due to war rationing.<ref>[http://lib.calpoly.edu/universityarchives/history/polyroyal/print.html Poly Royal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927194940/http://lib.calpoly.edu/universityarchives/history/polyroyal/print.html |date=September 27, 2013}}. Lib.calpoly.edu. Retrieved July 21, 2013.</ref> It began as a show-and-tell for students to display their projects. It traces its origins to the 1904 Farmer's Institute and Picnic Basket. By the 1980s, as the college became "the most popular...university in the 19-campus CSU system", Poly Royal began drawing over 100,000 people from throughout the state, including 126,000 people in 1985. Concerts, parties, and other entertainment were added and it earned $3–4 million in revenue for the city every year.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-05-28-mn-16267-story.html | work=Los Angeles Times | first=David G. | last=Savage | date=May 28, 1985 | title='Cow Poly': Rural, Yes, but Country Club It's Not}}</ref><ref>[lib.calpoly.edu/universityarchives/history/polyroyal/index3.html "Poly Royal"]. lib.calpoly.edu (March 8, 2001). Retrieved July 21, 2013.</ref>

San Luis Obispo has been home of several other events, including a stop on the way of the [[Olympic Flame]] Relay, the [[Amgen Tour of California|Tour of California]] bicycle race, [[Cinco de Mayo]] celebrations, and a long-standing Christmas Parade. In May, the Madonna Hotel hosts the annual California Festival of Beers, which includes [[beer sommelier|beer tasting]] of over 200 craft beers. Another attraction is the development of Edna Valley into a well-known wine region. Just south of the city, people can spend an afternoon wine tasting several wineries in the area with a very short drive. The wine region extends north beyond [[Paso Robles]] (30 miles north) and south to [[Santa Ynez]] (70 miles south).{{citation needed|date=August 2008}}
[[File:Dallidet Adobe CHL-720 SLO (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Dallidet Adobe]], built in 1856, is one of the oldest residences in town.]]
During summer months, a free outdoor concert Friday evening is called Concerts in the Plaza. Other noteworthy events include the San Luis Obispo International Film Festival, Festival Mozaic, a classical and crossover music festival, and the Plein Air Festival.<ref>[http://sanluisobispovacations.com/events/ Events | San Luis Obispo, Ca Vacation Ideas, Hotel Packages, Things to Do]. Sanluisobispovacations.com. Retrieved July 21, 2013.</ref>

Every Thursday night San Luis Obispo hosts a farmers' market. Five blocks of Higuera St are blocked off to allow vendors to sell food and goods and various visual and music artists perform.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021|title=Downtown SLO Farmers' Market|url=https://downtownslo.com/farmers-market|website=Downtown SLO}}</ref>

Since June 2000, the first Thursday of every month is The Bike Happening (also known as Bike Nite) in San Luis Obispo. People gather at the Mission Plaza with their bikes. The bikers go around on multiple circuits on the main streets of downtown.
[[File:047x Luna Red (50007062572).jpg|thumb|left|Restaurant in downtown San Luis]]
One of the cultural focal centers of San Luis Obispo is the [[Christopher Cohan]] Performing Arts Center built on the Cal Poly campus, which was constructed utilizing the donations of local businesses and individuals. The Performing Arts Center consists of multiple venues, including the original Spanos Theatre. The largest venue, Harmon Hall, seats 1,300. Many high school and college programs are scheduled. Local artists perform plays, music and dance. The addition of the Performing Arts Center attracts many touring performances which are usually not found in communities of comparable size to San Luis Obispo. The summer of 2007 was the opening concert of the Forbes Pipe Organ, which was built elevated into a side wall of Harmon Hall and required the donation of a further $3 million for purchase and installation.<ref>[http://www.pacslo.org Performing Arts Center]. Pacslo.org. Retrieved July 21, 2013.</ref>

The San Luis Obispo Museum of Art began in the 1950s when a small group of artists, educators and enthusiasts established the foundation. Over the years, the San Luis Obispo Art Association evolved into the San Luis Obispo Art Center, which evolved into the San Luis Obispo Museum of Art. The museum, with a focus on California Contemporary Art, shows 24 exhibitions per year, has both adult and children's art classes, and hosts art talks, films and other events. The museum launched a $15 million Capital Campaign for a new building in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sloma.org/about-us/history.php |title=San Luis Obispo Museum of Art - History |website=www.sloma.org |access-date=January 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030105605/http://www.sloma.org/about-us/history.php |archive-date=October 30, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sloma.org/support/capital-campaign.php |title=San Luis Obispo Museum of Art - Capital Campaign |website=www.sloma.org |access-date=January 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318201849/http://www.sloma.org/support/capital-campaign.php |archive-date=March 18, 2017 }}</ref>

===Historic buildings and districts===
{{Main|City of San Luis Obispo Historic Resources}}
[[File:San Luis Obispo (29329160137) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Downtown Historic District]]
San Luis Obispo has more than 180 historic buildings that have been designated as City of San Luis Obispo Historic Resources. Three of the city's designated historic resources have also been designated as [[California Historic Landmark]]s, including [[Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa]], the [[Dallidet Adobe]], and [[Ah Louis Store]]. In addition, [[National Register of Historic Places]] sites include the [[Myron Angel House]], the [[Pacific Coast Railway Company Grain Warehouse]], [[Robert Jack House]], the [[Tribune-Republic Building]], [[San Luis Obispo Carnegie Library]], the Ah Louis Store, and [[William Shipsey House]]. The Carnegie Library is home to the San Luis Obispo County Historical Museum which includes a research center with information on the city's other historical resources.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slochs.org/building.asp |title=History of Our Building |website=San Luis Obispo County Historical Museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607043038/http://www.slochs.org/building.asp |archive-date=June 7, 2010}}</ref>

The city also has five designated historic districts as follows:
* Downtown Historic District – Covers {{convert|61.5 |acres}} generally bounded by Palm Street to the north, Marsh Street to the south, Osos Street to the east, and Nipomo Street to the west, plus Dana Street in the northwest. The Downtown Historic District covers the oldest part of the city, including the [[Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa]] and many commercial structures from the city's boom era from the 1890s to the 1910s.<ref name=HPPG>{{cite web|title=Historic Preservation Program Guidelines|publisher=City of San Luis Obispo|date=November 2010|pages=38–42|url=https://www.slocity.org/home/showdocument?id=4144}}</ref>
* Chinatown Historic District – Covers {{convert|4.4| acres}} along both sides of Palm Street between Chorro and Morro Streets. Established in 1995 to recognize the contributions of the city's Chinese community.<ref>Historic Preservation Program Guidelines, pp. 43-46.</ref> Two historical storefronts face Palm Street; Ah Louis Store and Mee Heng Low.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pridgen |first=Andrew |date=October 26, 2022 |title=95-year-old Chinese restaurant is almost all that's left of this Chinatown |url=https://www.sfgate.com/centralcoast/article/slo-county-mee-heng-low-17533387.php |access-date=November 2, 2022 |work=SFGATE |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Old Town Historic District – Covers {{convert|86| acres}} generally bounded by Pacific Street on the north, Islay Street on the south, Santa Rosa Street on the east, and Beach Street on the west. Established in 1987, the district is located in the city's oldest residential neighborhoods with historic homes dating from the 1880s to the turn of the century.<ref>Historic Preservation Program Guidelines, pp. 34-37.</ref>
* Mill Street Historic District – Covers {{convert|20| acres}} from Peach Street on the north, Palm Street on the south, Pepper Street on the east and Toro Street on the west Established in 1987, the area consists of early 20th century homes in the Tudor Revival, Craftsman, Mission Revival, Prairie Colonial, and Shingle styles. Sometimes referred to as Fremont Heights.<ref>Historic Preservation Program Guidelines, pp. 47-50.</ref>
* Railroad Historic District – Covers {{convert|80.7| acres}} bounded by the railroad right-of-way on the east, Johnson Avenue on the north, Orcutt Road on the south, Leff Street on the northwest, and Broad Street on the west. Established in 1998 along the historic boundaries of the Southern Pacific rail yard. It includes residential and commercial resources constructed following the arrival of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1894.<ref>Historic Preservation Program Guidelines, pp. 51-55.</ref>

==Media==
[[Image:SanLuisObispoCalifCityView600.jpg|thumb|right|View of San Luis Obispo with [[Cerro San Luis]] (left) and [[Bishop Peak (California)|Bishop Peak]] (right), two of the [[Nine Sisters]]]]

===Television===
The following TV stations broadcast from San Luis Obispo:
* [[KEYT-TV|KEYT]] 3, a trio [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]/[[Columbia Broadcasting System|CBS]]/[[MyNetworkTV|MNTV]] television affiliate based in [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]]; seen on [[KEYT-TV|K31KE-D]] Channel 31 in San Luis Obispo
* [[KSBY]] 6, an [[NBC]] television affiliate; licensed to and broadcast from San Luis Obispo
* [[KKFX-CD|KKFX]] 24, a [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] television affiliate; licensed to San Luis Obispo studios broadcast from [[Telemundo]] affiliate [[KCOY]] in Santa Maria.
* [[KTAS]] 33, a [[TeleXitos]] affiliate; broadcast from San Luis Obispo

===Radio===
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
*[[KVEC]] "News/Talk"
*[[KYNS]] "Alt 93.7"
*[[KKJL]] "K-Jewell"
*[[KLFF (FM)|KLFF]] "Family Life Radio"
*[[KCBX]] "Central Coast Public Radio"
*[[KCPR]] "Cal Poly Radio"
*[[KZOZ]] "Classic Rock"
*[[KXTZ]] "The Beach"
*[[KSLY]] "[[K-LOVE]]"
*[[KKJG]] "K-JUG"
*[[KERW]] "Eclectic 24"
*[[KLUN]] "Radio Lazer"
*[[KWWV]] "Wild 106.1"
{{Div col end}}

==Transportation==
[[File:Bishops peak from the Coast Starlight.jpg|thumb|left|Amtrak's ''[[Coast Starlight]]'' passing in front of one of the [[Nine Sisters|Nine Morros]]]]
[[File:San Luis Obispo Airport Overhead.jpg|thumb|right|[[San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport|San Luis Obispo Regional Airport]]]]

[[San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport]] offers private air service and non-stop commercial air service to San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, Denver, and [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], Dallas-Fort Worth, Las Vegas, and service to Portland and San Diego, beginning in 2020.

[[Amtrak]] provides daily rail transport service at [[San Luis Obispo station]] as the northern terminus of the [[Pacific Surfliner]] line from [[San Diego]] and [[Los Angeles Union Station]], and as a stop on the [[Coast Starlight]] line. The Amtrak train travels north to [[Salinas, California|Salinas]], [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], [[Oakland]], [[San Francisco]] (via [[Emeryville, California|Emeryville]]), [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], and [[Seattle]].

[[Amtrak Thruway]] [[Amtrak Thruway#18|18]] provides a daily connection to [[Visalia, California|Visalia]] on the east, and [[Santa_Maria,_California|Santa Maria]] on the west, with several stops in between.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ROUTE18 |url=https://amtraksanjoaquins.com/route18/ |access-date=25 June 2024 |website=Amtrak}}</ref>

[[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] closed its station building in San Luis Obispo on March 12, 2009; it still serves the city via a bus stop on Railroad Avenue. There are also multiple companies that provide shuttle services or black car service to/from the airport.

[[FlixBus]] boards from the San Luis Obispo Railroad Museum at 1940 Santa Barbara Avenue.

===Public transit===
[[File:San Luis Obispo Amtrak station.jpg|left|thumb|The [[San Luis Obispo station|San Luis Obispo train station]] is served by [[Amtrak]], with the [[Pacific Surfliner]] and [[Coast Starlight]] lines.]]

[[Public transit]] includes the citywide [[SLO Transit]] bus lines as well as the county-wide SLO Regional Transit system. Rideshare encourages the use of the local public transit, as well as [[carpooling]] and cycling. Riders for the SLO Transit system are now able to plan their trips using Google Transit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rideshare.org/cm/bus/Google%20Transit%20Trip%20Planner.html |title= San Luis Obispo Regional Rideshare|website=rideshare.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323093810/http://rideshare.org/cm/bus/Google%20Transit%20Trip%20Planner.html |archive-date=March 23, 2010}}</ref> The SLO Car Free program provides an online one-stop-shop for all car-free vacationing needs from bus schedules and bike maps, to discounts on transportation, lodging, and attractions.

===Roads===
[[File:SLO Transit's New Bus.jpg|thumb|right|[[SLO Transit]] bus]]

[[U.S. Highway 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] and [[California State Route 1]] are the major north–south highways in San Luis Obispo, linking the city to the rest of the Central Coast region, San Francisco to the north, and Los Angeles to the south. Both enter the city from the south as a [[concurrency (road)|concurrency]]. As they head north, Highway 1 then splits towards the coast to [[Morro Bay, California|Morro Bay]], while Highway 101 stays more inland to [[Atascadero, California|Atascadero]] and [[Paso Robles, California|Paso Robles]]. [[California State Route 227]] provides an alternate route to Highway 101 from San Luis Obispo south to [[Arroyo Grande, California|Arroyo Grande]].

===Cycling===
Bicycling is increasing as a mode of transportation. The Bill Roalman (Morro Street) Bicycle Boulevard gives priority to bicycle traffic while a special bicycle traffic signal (one of only a handful in the United States) allows bicyclists their own phase in traffic flow.<ref>{{cite web|last=Russell|first=Angel|title=SLO's plan for growing the greenbelt, carbon neutrality and a circular economy|url=https://www.kcbx.org/post/slos-plan-growing-greenbelt-carbon-neutrality-and-circular-economy|access-date=June 28, 2020|website=www.kcbx.org|date=June 26, 2020|language=en}}</ref> The SLO County Bicycle Coalition offers a free bicycle valet service during the weekly Farmers' Market. In 2007, the city was designated as a Bicycle Friendly Community at the Gold level by the [[League of American Bicyclists]].

==Notable people==
{{further|Category:People from San Luis Obispo, California}}

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuck_Liddell&oldid=1247812964

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|San Luis Obispo, California}}
{{Wikivoyage|San Luis Obispo|San Luis Obispo, California}}
* {{Official website}}
*[http://www.downtownslo.com Downtown San Luis Obispo Association]
*[http://www.visitslo.com San Luis Obispo Chamber of Commerce]

{{San Luis Obispo County, California}}
{{California Central Coast}}
{{California county seats}}
{{California}}
{{Southern California megaregion}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:San Luis Obispo, California| ]]
[[Category:1772 establishments in Alta California]]
[[Category:1856 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Cities in San Luis Obispo County, California]]
[[Category:County seats in California]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1772]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1856]]
[[Category:Spanish mission settlements in North America]]

Willow Creek, California

2024-10-20T20:00:33Z

Hike395: rv climate data to 18 July 2023, to remove unsourced edits

{{for|the California wine region|Willow Creek AVA}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Willow Creek, California
| settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
| image_skyline = Bigfoot Museum Willow Creek.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption = The "Bigfoot Museum" in Willow Creek
| image_seal =
| image_map = Humboldt_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Willow_Creek_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location in [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt County]] and the state of [[California]]
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|United States}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt]]
| government_type =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| established_date =

| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 30.610
| area_land_sq_mi = 30.310
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.300
| area_total_km2 = 79.281
| area_land_km2 = 78.504
| area_water_km2 = 0.777
| area_water_percent = 0.98
| area_note =
| elevation_ft = 610
| elevation_m = 186
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{gnis|1660182}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Willow Creeker
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Willow Creek, CA Population">{{cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Willow+Creek+CDP;+California |website=data.census.gov |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref>
| population_total = 1720
| population_metro =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
| utc_offset = −8
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|56|22|N|123|37|53|W|region:US-CA_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| timezone_DST = PDT
| utc_offset_DST = −7
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code = 95573
| area_code = [[Area code 530|530]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 06-85642
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1660182
| footnotes = {{gnis|1660182}}
| website =
}}

'''Willow Creek''' (formerly '''China Flat''')<ref name=CGN /> is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Humboldt County, California|Humboldt County]], [[California]], United States. The population was 1,710 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], down from 1,743 at the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]. Residents of this small mountain town are commonly referred to as "Willow Creekers". The town is located around {{convert|30|mi|km}} from county seat and harbor city [[Eureka, CA|Eureka]], with the two places differing vastly in climate.

Willow Creek sits along the [[Trinity River (California)|Trinity River]]. Willow Creek is described as a "rugged mountain community nestled in the heart of the [[Six Rivers National Forest]]." This area of California is located in the Trinity/Shasta/Cascade Region, near the [[Oregon]] border, and is easily reached via State Routes [[California State Route 299|299]] and [[California State Route 96|96]] (the "Bigfoot Scenic Byway").

The town is approximately {{convert|50|mi}} south of where the [[Patterson-Gimlin film]] was made. Willow Creek calls itself the [[Bigfoot]] capital of the world, has a {{vanchor|Bigfoot Museum}} and holds an annual "Bigfoot Daze" festival in September in honor of the creature, followed by various festivities in a local park.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seecalifornia.com/festivals/big-foot-days-festival.html|title=Big Foot Days Willow Creek California|website=www.seecalifornia.com}}</ref> The roadhead of the Bluff Creek / Fish Lake Road, near which many alleged [[Bigfoot]] sightings and footprint finds occurred, is about {{convert|50|mi}} north, along Route [[California State Route 96|96]].

An Amazon reviewer<ref>Samuel Lamerson</ref> of the 2013 [[Found footage (pseudo-documentary)|found-footage]] horror film, ''[[Willow Creek (film)|Willow Creek]],'' says, "The endearing quirkiness of the town is captured very well in the iconography, the interviews (particularly with Steven S., the bookstore owner), and the food." The Wikipedia review says, "The two stop off first in Willow Creek ... where various locals talk to Jim's camera, warning them to keep out of the woods, singing ballads about Bigfoot, and generally enjoying their 15 minutes in the spotlight while Jim and Kelly have a blast ...."

Willow Creek was served for many decades by the weekly ''Klamity Kourier'' newspaper, which closed in 2006 and was quickly replaced by the ''Bigfoot Valley News''.<ref>[http://www.harvestmccampbell.com/BigfootValleyNews.html ''Bigfoot Valley News'']</ref> The ''Bigfoot Valley News'' has since closed, but the regional newspaper, ''Two Rivers Tribune'' (www.tworiverstribune.com), opened in 1994 and is still going strong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two Rivers Tribune |url=https://www.facebook.com/TwoRiversTribune |website=Facebook}}</ref>{{When|date=April 2024}} Its news coverage area is from [[Burnt Ranch, California|Burnt Ranch]] to [[Happy Camp, CA|Happy Camp]], {{convert|97.5|mi}} <ref>Per Google Maps</ref>{{Better source needed|date=April 2024}} (by Routes 299 and 96) to the north.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|30.6|sqmi|km2}}, which include {{convert|30.3|sqmi|km2}} of land and {{convert|0.3|sqmi|km2}} of water.

The CDP in 2000, according to the [[United States Census Bureau]], was larger with a total area of {{convert|204.5|sqmi|km2}}, which included {{convert|204.4|sqmi|km2}} of land and {{convert|0.2|sqmi|km2}} of water.

===Climate===
This region experiences much warmer summers than locations near the coast, such as county seat [[Eureka, California#Climate|Eureka]], but retains high winter rainfall associated with coastal locations. Daytime highs in summer represent areas with hot-summer-Mediterranean climates but are moderated by cool nights, causing high [[diurnal temperature variation]]. On climate maps, Willow Creek has a [[Mediterranean climate#Hot-summer Mediterranean climate|hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] (Csa).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=496940&cityname=Willow+Creek,+California,+United+States+of+America&units=|title=Willow Creek, California Koppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase}}</ref> Summer highs are extremely hot compared to areas of the county affected by coastal fog. At the same time, winters are considerably colder, with light snowfall not unusual a few times per season.

{{Weather box
|location = Willow Creek, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1968–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 70
|Feb record high F = 76
|Mar record high F = 85
|Apr record high F = 96
|May record high F = 105
|Jun record high F = 112
|Jul record high F = 119
|Aug record high F = 115
|Sep record high F = 108
|Oct record high F = 99
|Nov record high F = 80
|Dec record high F = 65
|year record high F =

|Jan avg record high F = 59.6
|Feb avg record high F = 67.1
|Mar avg record high F = 76.6
|Apr avg record high F = 86.1
|May avg record high F = 93.7
|Jun avg record high F = 100.1
|Jul avg record high F = 105.6
|Aug avg record high F = 105.0
|Sep avg record high F = 99.9
|Oct avg record high F = 86.2
|Nov avg record high F = 69.3
|Dec avg record high F = 58.8
|year avg record high F = 107.8

|Jan high F = 53.5
|Feb high F = 57.0
|Mar high F = 63.0
|Apr high F = 69.9
|May high F = 77.6
|Jun high F = 86.2
|Jul high F = 95.2
|Aug high F = 94.5
|Sep high F = 87.9
|Oct high F = 74.6
|Nov high F = 58.8
|Dec high F = 50.4
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 44.3
|Feb mean F = 46.3
|Mar mean F = 50.4
|Apr mean F = 55.1
|May mean F = 60.9
|Jun mean F = 67.6
|Jul mean F = 74.0
|Aug mean F = 73.3
|Sep mean F = 67.7
|Oct mean F = 58.5
|Nov mean F = 49.1
|Dec mean F = 43.3
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 35.0
|Feb low F = 35.5
|Mar low F = 37.8
|Apr low F = 40.3
|May low F = 44.1
|Jun low F = 49.0
|Jul low F = 52.7
|Aug low F = 52.0
|Sep low F = 47.4
|Oct low F = 42.4
|Nov low F = 39.3
|Dec low F = 36.1
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 29.0
|Feb avg record low F = 28.9
|Mar avg record low F = 31.1
|Apr avg record low F = 33.2
|May avg record low F = 37.2
|Jun avg record low F = 41.5
|Jul avg record low F = 46.6
|Aug avg record low F = 46.3
|Sep avg record low F = 42.2
|Oct avg record low F = 34.1
|Nov avg record low F = 31.0
|Dec avg record low F = 28.3
|year avg record low F = 24.6

|Jan record low F = 17
|Feb record low F = 13
|Mar record low F = 22
|Apr record low F = 24
|May record low F = 27
|Jun record low F = 29
|Jul record low F = 34
|Aug record low F = 39
|Sep record low F = 32
|Oct record low F = 22
|Nov record low F = 19
|Dec record low F = 5
|year record low F =

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 10.16
|Feb precipitation inch = 7.75
|Mar precipitation inch = 7.02
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.81
|May precipitation inch = 2.50
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.94
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.22
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.31
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.69
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.86
|Nov precipitation inch = 7.46
|Dec precipitation inch = 11.76
|year precipitation inch =

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly&stations=USC00049694&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Willow Creek 1NW, CA
|access-date = November 27, 2022
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service (mean maxima/minima 1991–2020)<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=eka
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Eureka
|access-date = November 27, 2022
}}
</ref>
}}

==History==
The indigenous people from here are part of the [[Tsnungwe]] or South Fork Hupa and are speakers of the Hupa Language.<ref>[https://2075a3e3-b3ae-464a-a7a6-9fbb9755721a.filesusr.com/ugd/089640_47891ce71441427b88e6b0ec214252f1.pdf Tsnungwe Place Names, by Tsnungwe Tribal Elders, 1994]</ref>
Willow Creek's first non-indigenous settlers were Chinese laborers from the mining and lumber camps, which earned the town the name China Flat.<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|168}}</ref> The China Flat post office opened in 1878, and changed its name to Willow Creek in 1915.<ref name=CGN />

==Demographics==
[[File:2022 08 09-09.22.18.255-CDT.jpg|thumb|Downtown Willow Creek in 2022.]]

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0685642|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033937/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0685642|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Willow Creek CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Willow Creek had a population of 1,710. The population density was {{convert|55.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Willow Creek was 1,375 (80.4%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6 (0.4%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 167 (9.8%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 14 (0.8%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 6 (0.4%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 29 (1.7%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 113 (6.6%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 108 persons (6.3%).

The Census reported that 1,699 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 11 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 812 households, out of which 161 (19.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 353 (43.5%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 63 (7.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 32 (3.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 75 (9.2%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 7 (0.9%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]; 283 households (34.9%) were made up of individuals, and 94 (11.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09. There were 448 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (55.2% of all households); the average family size was 2.65.

The population was spread out, with 287 people (16.8%) under the age of 18, 100 people (5.8%) aged 18 to 24, 366 people (21.4%) aged 25 to 44, 642 people (37.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 315 people (18.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.1 males.

There were 1,108 housing units at an average density of {{convert|36.2|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}, of which 812 were occupied, of which 525 (64.7%) were owner-occupied, and 287 (35.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.2%. 1,087 people (63.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 612 people (35.8%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,743 people, 772 households, and 481 families residing in the CDP. The [[population density]] was {{convert|8.5|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people |people|}}. There were 1,099 housing units at an average density of {{convert|5.4|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the CDP was 81.81% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 0.52% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 9.52% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.57% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.34% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.43% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 5.79% from two or more races. 5.57% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 772 households, out of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% were non-families. Of all households, 31.6% were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 30.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,276, and the median income for a family was $35,720. Males had a median income of $33,375 versus $27,955 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $18,664. About 10.3% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 19.8% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.

==Politics==
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Willow Creek is in {{Representative|casd|2|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|2|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

Federally, Willow Creek is in {{Representative|cacd|2|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|2|access-date=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{Portal-inline|California}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{Humboldt County, California}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1878 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Bigfoot]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Humboldt County, California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1878]]

Shiprock, New Mexico

2024-10-20T19:58:04Z

Hike395: /* Geography */ replace climate data with WRCC-sourced data. ACIS does not have data from Shiprock

{{Short description|Town in New Mexico, USA}}
{{About|the New Mexico community|the rock formation which the community was named for|Shiprock}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Shiprock, New Mexico
| settlement_type = [[Unincorporated community]]<br>[[Census-designated place]]
| nickname = Naat’áanii Nééz
| motto =

| image_skyline = Shiprock Chapter House.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Shiprock [[Chapter house (Navajo Nation)|Chapter House]]
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map = San_Juan_County_New_Mexico_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Shiprock_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location of Shiprock, New Mexico
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States

| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[New Mexico]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New Mexico|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[San Juan County, New Mexico|San Juan]]
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='35'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 35.50
| area_land_km2 = 34.99
| area_water_km2 = 0.50
| area_total_sq_mi = 13.71
| area_land_sq_mi = 13.51
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.19

| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_total = 7718
| population_density_km2 = 220.56
| population_density_sq_mi = 571.24

| timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]]
| utc_offset = -7
| timezone_DST = MDT
| utc_offset_DST = -6
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft = 4954
| coordinates = {{coord|36|47|33|N|108|42|02|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code = 87420, 87461
| area_code = [[Area code 505|505]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 35–72770
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 2408729<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2408729}}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Shiprock''' ({{lang-nv|'''{{spell-nv|Naatʼáanii Nééz}}'''}}) is an [[unincorporated community]] on the [[Navajo Nation|Navajo reservation]] in [[San Juan County, New Mexico]], United States. The population was 7,718 people in the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Shiprock as a [[census-designated place]] (CDP). It is part of the [[Farmington, New Mexico|Farmington]] [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]].

Shiprock is named after the nearby [[Shiprock]] rock formation. Since 1903, the town has been called ''Naat’áanii Nééz'' (meaning “tall leader” in the Navajo language) after the San Juan Indian Agency superintendent [[William T. Shelton]] who settled Shiprock for the United States government.

[[Diné College]] is a local four-year college (formerly Navajo Community College), a [[Tribal colleges and universities|tribally controlled community college]] with seven other campuses across the [[Navajo Nation]]. It is the site of a Chapter House for the Navajo, a [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] agency and the Northern Navajo Medical Center (an [[Indian Health Service]] hospital).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shiprock.navajochapters.org/|title=Tse' Bit' ai' "The Winged Rock"|website=shiprock.navajochapters.org}}</ref>

The town is a key road junction for truck traffic and tourists visiting the [[Four Corners Monument|Four Corners]], [[Mesa Verde]], [[Shiprock]] and the [[Grand Canyon]]. It lies at the intersection of [[U.S. Route 64 in New Mexico|U.S. Route 64]] and [[U.S. Route 491 in New Mexico|U.S. Route 491]] (formerly U.S. Route 666). The annual Northern Navajo Fair is held every October. Since 1984, the community has hosted the Shiprock Marathon and Relay.

==History ==
[[File:Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg|thumb|The nearby [[Shiprock|rock formation]] that gives Shiprock its name]]

Shiprock was founded on September 11, 1903, by San Juan Agency superintendent William Taylor Shelton after being assigned to the northern Navajo by the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]]. A former U.S. government instructor in agriculture at the Cherokee School in Yellow Hill, North Carolina (now [[Cherokee, North Carolina|Cherokee, NC]]), Shelton had moved up through [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|BIA]] ranks to be given the appointment to open an [[Indian agent|Indian agency]] and boarding school. He founded Shiprock Indian School and administrative agency with a staff of three white and three Navajo employees. Shiprock Indian Boarding School remained until the [[American Indian boarding schools|American Indian boarding school system]] was phased out in the early 1980s.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://fgcquaker.org/sites/default/files/attachments/Gathering_Shelton_Navajo_2015.pdf |title= William Taylor Shelton and the Navajo Collectionat the Museum of North Carolina Handicrafts at the Shelton House|website=fgcquaker.org |access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref>

The settlement encompassed land originally belonging to Tséheya Begay. According to one of Shelton's early reports, Navajo had been [[Irrigation|irrigating]] the land for many years, with 275 farms drawing water from approximately 25 ditches between the Shiprock area and [[Farmington, New Mexico|Farmington]]. Under Shelton, the agency expanded the irrigation system and developed a dairy herd as part of its agricultural program; a [[sawmill]] near [[Sanostee, New Mexico|Sanostee]] and [[Coal mining|coal mine]] in the Hogback area were also developed. Early buildings in Shiprock were constructed of log and [[adobe]], but brick replaced these materials after the disastrous flood of 1912. The superintendent was known as a disciplinarian who was ruthless in his prosecution of “moral lapses,” but is said to have been generally respected throughout the region, particularly for his efforts in adding the [[Grand Valley (Colorado-Utah)|Utah-Colorado]] extension to the main [[Navajo Nation|Navajo Reservation]].<ref name="auto"/>

[[Navajo Corrections]] operated the Shiprock District Department of Corrections jail facility in Shiprock.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corrections.navajo-nsn.gov/Districts/Shiprock-District|title=Shiprock District|publisher=[[Navajo Corrections]]|accessdate=2021-07-25|quote=Mailing Information: Shiprock District Department of Corrections P.O. Box 3686 North East Corner of US 64 & SR 491, Building # 2651 Shiprock, New Mexico 87420}}</ref> It had a capacity of twelve, and after being cited for mold complaints, closed in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|last=Becenti|first=Arlyssa|url=https://navajotimes.com/reznews/shiprock-jail-abruptly-closed/|title=Shiprock jail abruptly closed |work=[[Navajo Times]]|date=2021-03-29|accessdate=2021-07-25}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|16.2|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|15.9|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.3|sqmi|km2}} (2.10%) is water.

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Shiprock, New Mexico
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Yes

| Jan high F = 46.4
| Feb high F = 53.1
| Mar high F = 63.8
| Apr high F = 71.8
| May high F = 82.4
| Jun high F = 91.8
| Jul high F = 96.4
| Aug high F = 92.9
| Sep high F = 85.6
| Oct high F = 72.6
| Nov high F = 58.2
| Dec high F = 46.3

| Jan mean F = 32.8
| Feb mean F = 38.7
| Mar mean F = 46.6
| Apr mean F = 53.9
| May mean F = 64.2
| Jun mean F = 72.9
| Jul mean F = 79.0
| Aug mean F = 76.4
| Sep mean F = 68.1
| Oct mean F = 55.2
| Nov mean F = 42.9
| Dec mean F = 32.4

| Jan low F = 19.1
| Feb low F = 24.4
| Mar low F = 29.4
| Apr low F = 36.0
| May low F = 46.1
| Jun low F = 54.0
| Jul low F = 61.7
| Aug low F = 59.8
| Sep low F = 50.6
| Oct low F = 37.9
| Nov low F = 27.6
| Dec low F = 18.6

| Jan precipitation inch = 0.72
| Feb precipitation inch = 0.73
| Mar precipitation inch = 0.54
| Apr precipitation inch = 0.43
| May precipitation inch = 0.50
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.22
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.82
| Aug precipitation inch = 1.24
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.88
| Oct precipitation inch = 0.76
| Nov precipitation inch = 0.67
| Dec precipitation inch = 0.70
| precipitation colour = green

| Jan snow inch = 1.5
| Feb snow inch = 0.6
| Mar snow inch = 0.6
| Apr snow inch = 0.0
| May snow inch = 0.0
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.0
| Oct snow inch = 0.0
| Nov snow inch = 0.2
| Dec snow inch = 1.0

| source 1 = WRCC<ref>{{cite web |url = https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?nmship |title = Shiprock, New Mexico|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date = 20 October 2024}}</ref> 1981-2010 normals, snow for 1926-2005
}}

[[File:Shiprock, NM, US 64 W-E and US-491 N-S, crossing San Juan River at center.jpg|thumb|left|Night aerial view from the southwest of Shiprock, where [[US Route 64]] and [[US Route 491]] cross each other and cross the [[San Juan River Bridge at Shiprock]] together, 64 westbound and 491 southbound, while the newer parallel bridge carries the other direction]]

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2000= 8156
|2010= 8295
|2020= 7718
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=March 17, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/shiprockcdpnewmexico,US/PST045219|title=Shiprock CDP|website=US Census Bureau|access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:35&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 8,156 people, 2,184 households, and 1,847 families residing in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|513.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,594 housing units at an average density of {{convert|163.3|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.74% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.17% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.16% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.12% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.10% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.70% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.29% of the population. In 2010, the population of Shiprock was 8,295, which is an increase of +1.7% since 2000.

There were 2,184 households, out of which 52.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 28.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.4% were non-families. 13.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.73 and the average family size was 4.06.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 38.6% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 4.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,523, and the median income for a family was $24,951. Males had a median income of $24,032 versus $17,328 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $7,967. About 38.3% of families and 39.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 43.2% of those under age 18 and 47.5% of those age 65 or over. In 2010, estimated median household income was $31,805, which is 29.7% above the value in 2000 (it was $24,523 in 2000).

==Government==
The Shiprock Chapter government is a branch of the Navajo Nation government which exercise varied delegated powers and governmental authority in accordance with Navajo statutory, regulatory, and common law. The basis of local government for the Navajo Reservation, the Chapter was initiated in 1922 as a means of improving agricultural conditions at a local level. Later the Chapter became the basic political subdivision of Navajo Tribal Government. The Chapters elect representatives to the Navajo Tribal Council, the legislative branch of Navajo government.<ref>[[David E. Wilkins]] (1999) ''The Navajo Political Experience''. Chapter 9. Diné College Press. {{ISBN|9780912586809}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Shiprock High School.jpg|thumb|upright=1.7|[[Shiprock High School]]]]
The [[Central Consolidated School District]] serves Shiprock as well as other communities in western San Juan County.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st35_nm/schooldistrict_maps/c35045_san_juan/DC20SD_C35045.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: San Juan County, NM|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2021-07-31}}</ref> Shiprock is home to [[Shiprock High School]], Career Prep High School, Tsé Bit'a'í Middle School, Mesa Elementary School, Nizhoni Elementary School, Eva B. Stokely Elementary School<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccsdnm.org/images/CCSD/CCSD%20Schools%202013-14%20for%20web%20up81213.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-08-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909011021/http://ccsdnm.org/images/CCSD/CCSD%20Schools%202013-14%20for%20web%20up81213.pdf |archive-date=2014-09-09 }}</ref>

[[Shiprock Associated Schools, Inc.]], associated with the [[Bureau of Indian Education]] (BIE), operates Atsá Biyáázh Community School and Shiprock Northwest High School (7th to 12th grade).

==Media==
===Film location===
The 1987 film [[Made in U.S.A. (1987 film)|Made in U.S.A.]] directed by Ken Friedman and starring [[Adrian Pasdar]], [[Chris Penn]] and [[Lori Singer]] is partially referred to Shiprock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://farmingtonnm.org/film-in-farmington/|title=Film in Farmington|website=farmingtonnm.org}}</ref>

The 2017 documentary ''Mayors of Shiprock'' focuses on the group of native youths who are making a positive change in their community.<ref>{{cite web|title='Mayors of Shiprock' to premiere Friday|date=7 April 2017|url=http://www.daily-times.com/story/news/local/navajo-nation/2017/04/07/mayors-shiprock-premiere-friday/100138608/|publisher=The Daily Times (Farmington)|author=Noel Lynn Smith|access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Joyce Begay-Foss]], Navajo weaver, educator, and curator, was born in Shiprock.
*[[Eugenia Charles-Newton]], Diné tribal councilor<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Krisst |first=Rima |date=2022-05-09 |title=Charles-Newton announces candidacy for speaker |url=https://navajotimes.com/rezpolitics/election-2022/charles-newton-announces-candidacy-for-speaker/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Navajo Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Amber Midthunder]], Sioux Actress best known for her work as Naru in the movie [[Prey (2022 film)|Prey]], was born in Shiprock.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Young |first1=Allie |title=Prey's Amber Midthunder Is the Action Star We've Been Waiting For| url=https://www.instyle.com/celebrity/amber-midthunder-prey-interview-2022|date=August 4, 2022|access-date=August 7, 2022}}</ref>
*[[Orville Tsinnie]] (1943–2017), Navajo silversmith and jeweler

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commons category-inline|Shiprock, New Mexico}}

{{San Juan County, New Mexico}}
{{Communities of the Navajo Nation}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in San Juan County, New Mexico]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in New Mexico]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Navajo Nation]]

Angelus Oaks, California

2024-10-20T19:39:57Z

Hike395: rv climate box back to 19 December 2023 before unsourced edits

{{short description|Unincorporated community in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Angelus Oaks, California
|official_name =
|settlement_type = [[Unincorporated area|Unincorporated community]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline = Angelus-Oaks-CA-Sign.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|pushpin_map = USA California#USA
|pushpin_label_position = 
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of California
|pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map =
|map_caption = Location within San Bernardino county
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino]]

|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title = 
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =


|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 1.295
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =


|population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2010|2010]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 312
|population_density_km2 = auto


|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = −8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = −7
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_ft = 5800
|coordinates = {{coord|34|8|45|N|116|58|57|W|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}


|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
|postal_code = 92305
|area_code =
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info =
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Angelus Oaks''' is an [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] in [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino County]], [[California]], United States, and has a population of 535 as of the 2010 U.S. Census, up from an estimated population of 312 in 2000.<ref>[http://www.zip-codes.com/city/CA-ANGELUS-OAKS.asp Demographics in 2000]</ref> It is surrounded by the [[San Bernardino National Forest]] and located east of [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] on [[California State Route 38]].

==History==
Angelus Oaks was initially called Camp Angelus. In 1849 there was a big gold strike in Holcomb Valley, north of Bear Valley and near the town that was later to become [[Big Bear Lake, California|Big Bear]]. The only way to get supplies in and the gold out was by mule trains. The mule train traveled up the Santa Ana River Canyon, stopping overnight in Seven Oaks and then took a switch back trail (Clark's Grade; still visible on the mountain across from the Angelus Oaks Lodge) up to the gold fields. Eventually, a wagon road was built to replace the mule skinner trail. The "Lower Control Road" started at Mountain Home Village, in Mill Creek Canyon, and ended in Camp Angelus, at the Lodge. "Middle Control Road" started just east of the Lodge and meandered down to Seven Oaks. The final control road, 'Clark's Grade', went up and over the north side of the Santa Ana Canyon and into Bear Valley.

Beginning in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the stagecoach, using the old wagon road, would bring passengers and mail from Redlands up Mill Creek, then Mountain Home Creek (Lower Control Road), through Camp Angelus, on to Seven Oaks via Middle Control Road and then up the back side of the mountain to Big Bear. The now Angelus Oaks Lodge was first built as a stagecoach stop for changing horses at the top of the climb and for serving up sandwiches to passengers. It also served as a small grocery store for the local community. The original wagon road is the small road that now runs along the front of the Lodge and crosses over to the current chain up turn-out (Middle Control Road).

The original school was a log cabin on a hill located behind and rented from Glen Lodge. This lodge had a full restaurant, bar, gas and repair station, grocery store, hotel, cabins, and a dance hall with a large fireplace. In 1953 the first teacher, originally from South Dakota and a graduate of USC, was Orville Young. He lived with his family in Camp Angelus and taught the community children from five to 13 years of age at Camp Angelus Elementary. In 1956 the natural wood clad (later painted red) one-room school-house serving grades one through seven was built, and closed permanently in 2004. Glen Lodge burned down in the late Sixties.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}

In the 1970s, when the postal service decided to combine the two small post offices of Camp Angelus and Seven Oaks, closing the Seven Oaks location, they renamed the remaining office "Angelus Oaks". That name stuck with the town.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}

In 1987, the lodge was purchased by a couple living at that time in Long Beach, California. The lodge and cabins were restored over a two-year period and heaters and showers were added to the cabins. As of January 2015, eight of the original 12 cabins have been completely restored, and the Lodge is open for viewing. The cabins are available to rent on a nightly basis and are operated under a special use permit provided by the USDA Forest Service.

On February 12, 2013, in a rural area east of Angelus Oaks, the search for Christopher Dorner ended after a standoff with the [[San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McCarthy|first=Guy|title=Manhunt Shootout: Angelus Oaks Family Recalls Massive Response on 38|url=http://redlands.patch.com/groups/police-and-fire/p/manhunt-shootout-oaks-restaurant-family-recalls-massif5de560150|access-date=April 25, 2014|newspaper=Redlands-Loma Linda Patch|date=February 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426232430/http://redlands.patch.com/groups/police-and-fire/p/manhunt-shootout-oaks-restaurant-family-recalls-massif5de560150|archive-date=April 26, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was the primary suspect in [[Christopher Dorner shootings and manhunt|a series of shootings]].

==Present day==
[[Image:Angelus-Oaks-Restaurant.jpg|thumb|The Oaks Restaurant, the only restaurant in Angelus Oaks]]
{{unsourced|section|date=September 2024}}
Its downtown consists of a general store, a restaurant, a post office (ZIP Code 92305) and a real estate office. A San Bernardino County Fire Station (Station 98) is also downtown, and a San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department Resident Deputy (one of only three in the entire County) lives nearby. The State of California's Department of Transportation (CalTrans) and the United States Forest Service also have a presence in downtown Angelus Oaks. Two private water companies service the residents of Angelus Oaks. Within the town lies the historical Angelus Oaks Lodge, which originally served as a stagecoach stop for passengers traveling up the mountain to Big Bear, and is now available for overnight visitors.

Angelus Oaks has become a favorite to bicyclists due to its proximity to the Santa Ana River Trail (S.A.R.T.) which is renowned for its grandeur and challenge. For hikers, Angelus Oaks offers the San Bernardino Peak Hiking Trail (1W07) and the Vivian Creek Trail. There are also other less vigorous trails situated throughout the [[San Gorgonio Wilderness]]. The Angelus Oaks Lodge offers a great overnight and staging area for bikers and hikers wishing to get an early morning start.

A few miles past Angelus Oaks, in the [[Barton Flats, California|Barton Flats]] area, there are multiple public Forest Service campsites and group camps run by various churches and non-profit organizations, including [[YMCA]] and Jewish Community Center of Orange County. The two largest and most active camps are the Boy Scout Camp Tahquitz owned by the Long Beach Boy Scouts (it was developed from a very private summer tent camp with one snack store to one serving thousands of Scouts year round with a mess hall, clinic, garage/fire station, swimming and fishing lake, camp offices, and rangers' quarters developed, built, and maintained under the watchful eye of the Camp Ranger, Glen McIntosh, from 1957 until his death in 1981), and Camp Cedar Falls, 3 miles (5 km) past Angelus Oaks on Highway 38 run by the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]]. [[Jenks Lake Day Use Area]] hosts fishing and waterfront activities, including kayaking and canoeing; swimming is not allowed. There are also public restrooms, and many tables and grills for picnics.

==Climate==
According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Angelus Oaks, California has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=498740&cityname=Angelus+Oaks%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Angelus Oaks, California]</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Angelus Oaks, California
|single line = Yes
|Jan high F = 69
|Feb high F = 70
|Mar high F = 71
|Apr high F = 74
|May high F = 75
|Jun high F = 79
|Jul high F = 83
|Aug high F = 84
|Sep high F = 83
|Oct high F = 80
|Nov high F = 74
|Dec high F = 70
|year high F = 76
|Jan low F = 47
|Feb low F = 48
|Mar low F = 50
|Apr low F = 52
|May low F = 56
|Jun low F = 60
|Jul low F = 63
|Aug low F = 64
|Sep low F = 63
|Oct low F = 58
|Nov low F = 50
|Dec low F = 46
|year low F = 55
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.2
|Feb precipitation inch = 3
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.8
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.7
|May precipitation inch = 0.2
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.1
|Jul precipitation inch = 0
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.1
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.3
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.4
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.2
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.8
|year precipitation inch = 13.8
|source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase>
{{cite web
|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=498740&cityname=Angelus-Oaks-California
|publisher=Weatherbase
|title=Weatherbase.com
|year=2013
}}
Retrieved on October 13, 2013.
</ref>
|date=October 2013
}}

==See also==
* [[Camp Tahquitz]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Angelus Oaks, California}}
* [http://www.angelusoaksfire.com/ Angelus Oaks Fire & Rescue official site]
* [http://www.glenmartinmutualwater.com/ Glen Martin Mutual Water Company official site]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/AngelusOaks/ Angelus Oaks, CA Community Subreddit]

{{San Bernardino County, California}}
{{Inland Empire}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Unincorporated communities in San Bernardino County, California]]
[[Category:San Bernardino Mountains]]
[[Category:San Bernardino National Forest]]
[[Category:Sand to Snow National Monument]]
[[Category:Unincorporated communities in California]]

Whiskeytown, California

2024-10-20T19:37:46Z

Hike395: Reverted edit by Aaghdam1722 (talk) to last version by 112.206.106.200

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Short description|Unincorporated community in California, United States}}

{{Infobox settlement


|name = Whiskeytown
|settlement_type = Ghost town
|image_skyline = Whiskeytown National Recreation Area WHIS2341.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Aerial view of the Whiskeytown National Recreation Area
|coordinates = {{coord|40.6348|-122.5610|type:landmark_region:US-CA|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name =[[United States]]
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 =County
|subdivision_name2 = [[Shasta County, California|Shasta County]]
|population = 0
{{Designation list|embed=yes|designation1=California|designation1_number=131<ref name=CHL>{{cite ohp|131|Whiskeytown|2012-10-14}}</ref>}}
}}
'''Whiskeytown''' was an [[unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] in [[Shasta County, California|Shasta County]], [[California]], [[United States]]. Although once a bustling mining town, it was flooded to make way for [[Whiskeytown Lake]] in 1962, now part of [[Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area]]. All that remains is the relocated store, a few residences (mostly occupied by National Recreation Area personnel), and old mines that are above the water level of the lake.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Where's the Whiskey? Where's the Town? The Story of Whiskeytown, CA|url=https://www.nps.gov/whis/learn/historyculture/upload/Where-s-the-Whiskey-Where-s-the-Town.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=National Park Service}}</ref> Whiskeytown is registered as a [[California Historical Landmark]].<ref name=CHL/>

==History==
Whiskeytown was one of Shasta County's first gold mining settlements during the [[California Gold Rush]] of 1849, though at the time it was called Whiskey Creek Diggings. There are two stories for how the settlement might have gotten its name: The first states that a barrel of whiskey fell from a pack mule and into the creek that ran by Whiskeytown; the second attributes the name to the legend that miners at Whiskeytown could drink a barrel of the hard liquor a day.<ref name=Travelin>{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Dottie|title=Travelin' in Time: Whiskeytown earned its name as a drinking town|url=http://www.redding.com/lifestyle/whiskeytown-earned-its-name-as-a-drinking-town|website=Record Searchlight|publisher=Redding.com|accessdate=May 21, 2015}}</ref>

The area became known as a source for gold. Nearby [[Redding, CA]]'s newspaper ''The Record Searchlight'' reports miners averaged $50 in gold per day ($2,039.41 in 2024 dollars), and in 1851 a 56-ounce gold nugget was found. The first woman arrived in town in 1852, and by 1855 about 1,000 gold miners lived in Whiskeytown. The post office was opened in 1856, but the federal government didn't allow the Whiskeytown name to be attached to it because it was considered inappropriate. Finally, in 1952, the federal government agreed to name the post office after the town.<ref name=Travelin/>

Construction of the Whiskeytown Dam began in 1960, and the basin began to fill with water in 1962. Some Whiskeytown buildings were moved to higher ground, but others remain underwater. The dam was dedicated by [[President John F. Kennedy]] in 1963.<ref name=Travelin/>

==Climate==

According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Whiskeytown has a [[hot-summer mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Whiskeytown was {{convert|120|F|C|1}} on September 6, 1988, while the coldest temperature recorded was {{convert|11|F|C|1}} on December 21–22, 1990.<ref name = NOWData/>

{{Weather box
|location = Whiskeytown Reservoir, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 79
|Feb record high F = 82
|Mar record high F = 92
|Apr record high F = 97
|May record high F = 104
|Jun record high F = 113
|Jul record high F = 119
|Aug record high F = 115
|Sep record high F = 120
|Oct record high F = 104
|Nov record high F = 93
|Dec record high F = 81

|Jan avg record high F = 67.1
|Feb avg record high F = 71.3
|Mar avg record high F = 79.7
|Apr avg record high F = 86.9
|May avg record high F = 94.7
|Jun avg record high F = 102.7
|Jul avg record high F = 108.1
|Aug avg record high F = 107.8
|Sep avg record high F = 103.5
|Oct avg record high F = 93.8
|Nov avg record high F = 76.5
|Dec avg record high F = 65.6
|year avg record high F = 110.0

|Jan high F = 54.4
|Feb high F = 58.2
|Mar high F = 63.4
|Apr high F = 70.2
|May high F = 79.4
|Jun high F = 88.8
|Jul high F = 98.5
|Aug high F = 97.8
|Sep high F = 91.9
|Oct high F = 77.6
|Nov high F = 61.8
|Dec high F = 53.5
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 46.7
|Feb mean F = 49.5
|Mar mean F = 53.3
|Apr mean F = 58.5
|May mean F = 67.1
|Jun mean F = 75.3
|Jul mean F = 82.6
|Aug mean F = 81.3
|Sep mean F = 76.3
|Oct mean F = 65.0
|Nov mean F = 52.8
|Dec mean F = 46.0
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 39.0
|Feb low F = 40.8
|Mar low F = 43.2
|Apr low F = 46.8
|May low F = 54.8
|Jun low F = 61.7
|Jul low F = 66.7
|Aug low F = 64.9
|Sep low F = 60.8
|Oct low F = 52.4
|Nov low F = 43.8
|Dec low F = 38.6
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 29.4
|Feb avg record low F = 29.9
|Mar avg record low F = 32.9
|Apr avg record low F = 35.5
|May avg record low F = 41.8
|Jun avg record low F = 48.6
|Jul avg record low F = 56.7
|Aug avg record low F = 55.5
|Sep avg record low F = 49.8
|Oct avg record low F = 40.6
|Nov avg record low F = 33.0
|Dec avg record low F = 29.1
|year avg record low F = 26.6

|Jan record low F = 17
|Feb record low F = 18
|Mar record low F = 26
|Apr record low F = 28
|May record low F = 32
|Jun record low F = 39
|Jul record low F = 47
|Aug record low F = 47
|Sep record low F = 41
|Oct record low F = 28
|Nov record low F = 25
|Dec record low F = 11

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 10.74
|Feb precipitation inch = 11.58
|Mar precipitation inch = 9.90
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.97
|May precipitation inch = 3.10
|Jun precipitation inch = 1.33
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.15
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.10
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.46
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.81
|Nov precipitation inch = 6.31
|Dec precipitation inch = 11.47
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 14.4
|Feb precipitation days = 11.6
|Mar precipitation days = 12.8
|Apr precipitation days = 9.5
|May precipitation days = 7.3
|Jun precipitation days = 3.4
|Jul precipitation days = 0.6
|Aug precipitation days = 0.9
|Sep precipitation days = 2.0
|Oct precipitation days = 4.9
|Nov precipitation days = 10.1
|Dec precipitation days = 13.9

|Jan snow inch = 2.4
|Feb snow inch = 0.0
|Mar snow inch = 0.0
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.0
|Dec snow inch = 0.1
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 0.6
|Feb snow days = 0.0
|Mar snow days = 0.0
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.0

|Jan snow depth inch =
|Feb snow depth inch =
|Mar snow depth inch =
|Apr snow depth inch =
|May snow depth inch =
|Jun snow depth inch =
|Jul snow depth inch =
|Aug snow depth inch =
|Sep snow depth inch =
|Oct snow depth inch =
|Nov snow depth inch =
|Dec snow depth inch =
|year snow depth inch =

|source 1 = NOAA (snow/snow days 1981–2010)<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00049621&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Whiskeytown RSVR, CA (1991–2020)
|access-date = July 25, 2024
}}
</ref><ref name = NOAA2>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly&stations=USC00049621&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Whiskeytown RSVR, CA (1981–2010)
|access-date = July 25, 2024
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=sto
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Sacramento
|access-date = July 25, 2024
}}
</ref>
}}

==Present day==
Today, what was once a bustling mining town is a popular lake and recreation area. Whiskeytown Lake, part of the [[Central Valley Project]], draws people looking to swim, sail, kayak, or fish, among other activities.<ref name=Lake>{{cite web|title=History of Whiskeytown Lake|url=http://whiskeytownmarinas.com/whiskeytown/|website=Whiskeytown National Recreation Area|accessdate=May 21, 2015}}</ref> On clear days, the outlines of buildings that were once Whiskeytown can be seen at the bottom of the lake, according to ''The Record Searchlight''.<ref name=Travelin/>

Whiskeytown Cemetery was moved during the construction of the dam. All the graves were exhumed and transported to higher ground.<ref name=Travelin/> Today, Whiskeytown Cemetery is maintained by locals, and is somewhat of a hidden tourist destination as well, due to its unusual and festive decor. Graves are decorated with flowers as well as trinkets such as toys or the deceased's favorite snacks or cocktails.<ref name=Cemetery>{{cite web|last1=Rock|first1=Robert|title=Whiskeytown Cemetery: Alive with Memories and Personalities|url=http://anewscafe.com/2009/03/26/slideshow-whiskeytown-cemetery/|website=aNewsCafe.com|accessdate=May 21, 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[French Gulch Historic District]]
*[[California Historical Landmarks in Shasta County]]
*[[Reading's Bar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Shasta County, California}}
{{California Gold Rush}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Unincorporated communities in California]]
[[Category:Former settlements in Shasta County, California]]
[[Category:Ghost towns in California]]
[[Category:1962 disestablishments in California]]
[[Category:Populated places disestablished in 1962]]

Alturas, California

2024-10-20T19:37:29Z

Hike395: rv unsourced edits to climate box

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Redirect|Alturas}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Alturas, California
|settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
|image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|photo1a = Nevada-California-Oregon Railway Co. General Office Building (cropped).jpg
|photo1b = The neoclassical Modoc County Courthouse, opulent for a little farming community in far-northeastern California, opened in Alturus in 1914 LCCN2013631211.tif
|photo2a = Sacred Heart Catholic Church 1 - Alturas California.jpg
|photo2b = Niles Theater (35684714226) (cropped).jpg
|spacing = 2
|position = center
|color_border = white
|color = white
|size = 275
|foot_montage = Top: [[Nevada-California-Oregon Railway Co. General Office Building|Nevada-California-Oregon Railway Building]] (left), [[Modoc County]] Courthouse (right); bottom: Sacred Heart Church (left), Niles Theater (right)
}}
|image_caption =
|image_seal = Seal of Alturas, California.png
|motto = "Where the West Still Lives"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofalturas.us/|title= City of Alturas, California|publisher= City of Alturas, California|access-date=August 11, 2012}}</ref>
|image_map = File:Modoc County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Alturas Highlighted 0601444.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location of Alturas in Modoc County, California
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|coordinates = {{coord|41|29|14|N|120|32|33|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Modoc County, California|Modoc]]
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date = September 16, 1901<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|title=California Cities by Incorporation Date
|format=Word
|publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
|access-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|archive-date=November 3, 2014 }}</ref>
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Paul Minchella<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofalturas.us/city_administraion/city_council/index.php|title=The Alturas City Council|website=cityofalturas.us|access-date=January 8, 2020}}</ref>
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 30, 2021}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi = 2.85
|area_land_sq_mi = 2.84
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.02
|area_total_km2 = 7.39
|area_land_km2 = 7.35
|area_water_km2 = 0.05
|area_water_percent = 0.57
|area_note =
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis>{{Cite gnis|277469|Alturas}}</ref>
|elevation_ft = 4370
|elevation_m = 1332
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 2715
|population_metro =
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
|population_density_km2 = 369.61
|population_density_sq_mi = 957.33
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]<ref>{{Cite web
| url = https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupAction!input.action
| title = ZIP Code(tm) Lookup
| publisher = [[United States Postal Service]]
| access-date = November 30, 2014}}</ref>
|postal_code = 96101
|area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code = [[Area code 530|530]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
|blank_info = {{FIPS|06|01444}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|277469}}, {{GNIS 4|2409688}}
|website = {{URL|www.cityofalturas.us}}
}}

'''Alturas''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "Heights"; [[Achumawi language|Achumawi]]: ''Kasalektawi'')<ref name=CGN /> is a city and the [[county seat]] of [[Modoc County, California]]. Located in the [[Shasta Cascade]] region of [[Northern California]], the city had a population of 2,715 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. Alturas is located at the confluence of the south and north forks of the [[Pit River]], east of the center of Modoc County,<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|351}}</ref> at an elevation of {{Convert|4,370|ft|m}}.<ref name=gnis /> Alturas is one of the largest cities in the region and a local economic hub.

== History ==
[[File:Nevada-California-Oregon Railway Co. General Office Building 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Nevada-California-Oregon Railway Co. General Office Building|Nevada-California-Oregon Railway Building]], built 1917–18]]
[[File:California - Alturas through Amargosa - NARA - 23934073 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Alturas in 1920]]
[[File:Alturas California 1975.jpg|thumb|left|Downtown Alturas in 1975]]
Alturas occupies what was initially an [[Achomawi|Achumawi]] (Pit River) village known as Kosealekte<ref name='Key to the City 1997'>{{cite web|url=http://www.usacitiesonline.com/cacountyalturas.htm |title=Welcome to Key to the City's page for Alturas, Modoc County, California |access-date=April 3, 2010 |last=Thorne |first=Samuel |year=1997 |work=Community pages |publisher=Key to the City }}</ref> or Kasalektawi.<ref>{{cite book | last = Pease | first = Robert W. | title = Modoc County; University of California Publications in Geography, Volume 17 | publisher = University of California Press | year = 1965 | location = Berkeley and Los Angeles | page = 47 }}</ref> The city was initially known as '''Dorris Bridge''' or '''Dorris' Bridge''', named after Pressley and James Dorris, who built a bridge across the Pit River at this location.<ref name=CGN />

The Dorris Bridge post office opened in 1871.<ref name=CGN /> The town was renamed '''Dorrisville''' in 1874<ref name='Pease 84'>{{cite book | last = Pease | first = Robert W. | title = Modoc County; University of California Publications in Geography, Volume 17 | publisher = University of California Press | year = 1965 | location = Berkeley and Los Angeles | page = 84 }}</ref> and Alturas in 1876, the latter meaning "heights" in Spanish.<ref name=gudde>{{cite book|first=Erwin|last=Gudde|author2=William Bright |title=California Place Names|year=2004|edition=Fourth|publisher=University of California Press|pages=10|isbn=978-0-520-24217-3}}</ref> The census of 1880 showed a population of 148. However, settlement continued over the next two decades, until the city was [[municipal corporation|incorporated]] on September 16, 1901. Because of its central location, Dorrisville became the county seat when [[Modoc County]] formed in 1874, even though both [[Adin, California|Adin]] and [[Cedarville, California|Cedarville]] were then larger towns.<ref name='Pease 84' />

==Geography==
Alturas straddles the North Fork of the [[Pit River]], near its confluence with the South Fork in the north end of South Fork Valley, in the extreme northeastern corner of California at {{Coord|41|29|14|N|120|32|33|W|type:city}}.<ref name=gnis /> The tall [[Warner Mountains]] lie to the east, the [[wetlands]] and [[wild rice]] fields of South Fork Valley to the south, and the extensive [[Modoc Plateau]] to the north.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|2.4|sqmi|km2}} and 0.57% of it is covered by water.

===Climate===
The climate in Alturas has a dry-summer [[continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dsb''). The average January temperatures are a high of {{convert|43.0|F|C|1}} and a low of {{convert|20.6|F|C|1}}. The average July temperatures are a high of {{convert|89.1|F|C|1}} and a low of {{convert|47.2|F|C|1}}. There are an average of 39.8 days with highs of {{convert|90|F|C|1}} or higher and an average of 195.5 days with lows of {{Convert|32|F|C}} or lower. The record high was {{convert|107|F|C|1}} on July 19, 1960, and July 10–11, 2002, and the record low was {{convert|-34|F|C|1}} on December 9, 1972. Freezing temperatures have occurred in every month of the year; cool nights are common even on the hottest summer days.

Precipitation averages {{convert|11.68|in|mm|0}} annually. There are an average of 90.8 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1952 with {{convert|20.80|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} and the driest year was 2013 with {{convert|6.29|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}. The most precipitation in one month was {{convert|6.17|in|mm|1|abbr=on}} in October 1962, and the most in 24 hours was {{convert|3.51|in|mm|1|abbr=on}} on December 11, 1937. Snowfall averages {{convert|30.9|in|cm|abbr=on}} per season. The most snowfall in a season was {{convert|85.5|in|cm|abbr=on}} in 1952.

{{Weather box
|location = Alturas, California ([[Alturas Municipal Airport]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1935–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 69
|Feb record high F = 72
|Mar record high F = 82
|Apr record high F = 85
|May record high F = 95
|Jun record high F = 105
|Jul record high F = 107
|Aug record high F = 106
|Sep record high F = 106
|Oct record high F = 93
|Nov record high F = 82
|Dec record high F = 71

|Jan avg record high F = 56.6
|Feb avg record high F = 60.4
|Mar avg record high F = 69.4
|Apr avg record high F = 76.5
|May avg record high F = 85.3
|Jun avg record high F = 93.2
|Jul avg record high F = 99.1
|Aug avg record high F = 98.0
|Sep avg record high F = 92.8
|Oct avg record high F = 82.1
|Nov avg record high F = 69.5
|Dec avg record high F = 55.2
|year avg record high F = 100.3

|Jan high F = 43.0
|Feb high F = 46.6
|Mar high F = 52.7
|Apr high F = 58.4
|May high F = 67.9
|Jun high F = 78.2
|Jul high F = 89.1
|Aug high F = 87.3
|Sep high F = 79.7
|Oct high F = 65.7
|Nov high F = 50.8
|Dec high F = 41.0
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 31.8
|Feb mean F = 34.8
|Mar mean F = 39.6
|Apr mean F = 44.3
|May mean F = 52.5
|Jun mean F = 60.2
|Jul mean F = 68.2
|Aug mean F = 65.8
|Sep mean F = 58.5
|Oct mean F = 47.5
|Nov mean F = 37.7
|Dec mean F = 30.5
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 20.6
|Feb low F = 23.0
|Mar low F = 26.5
|Apr low F = 30.1
|May low F = 37.2
|Jun low F = 42.2
|Jul low F = 47.2
|Aug low F = 44.2
|Sep low F = 37.2
|Oct low F = 29.3
|Nov low F = 24.5
|Dec low F = 20.0
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = -0.5
|Feb avg record low F = 6.2
|Mar avg record low F = 11.1
|Apr avg record low F = 17.5
|May avg record low F = 23.9
|Jun avg record low F = 30.3
|Jul avg record low F = 36.4
|Aug avg record low F = 34.4
|Sep avg record low F = 26.0
|Oct avg record low F = 15.5
|Nov avg record low F = 5.9
|Dec avg record low F = -0.6
|year avg record low F = -7.1

|Jan record low F = -32
|Feb record low F = -33
|Mar record low F = -7
|Apr record low F = 7
|May record low F = 14
|Jun record low F = 21
|Jul record low F = 28
|Aug record low F = 26
|Sep record low F = 15
|Oct record low F = 0
|Nov record low F = -17
|Dec record low F = -34

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.31
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.09
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.38
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.47
|May precipitation inch = 1.26
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.70
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.29
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.27
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.35
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.89
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.20
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.47
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 11.0
|Feb precipitation days = 10.7
|Mar precipitation days = 11.3
|Apr precipitation days = 10.7
|May precipitation days = 8.6
|Jun precipitation days = 4.6
|Jul precipitation days = 2.0
|Aug precipitation days = 2.1
|Sep precipitation days = 2.9
|Oct precipitation days = 5.2
|Nov precipitation days = 9.6
|Dec precipitation days = 12.1

|Jan snow inch = 8.4
|Feb snow inch = 6.2
|Mar snow inch = 5.4
|Apr snow inch = 2.9
|May snow inch = 0.9
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.3
|Nov snow inch = 3.5
|Dec snow inch = 6.6
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 4.0
|Feb snow days = 3.3
|Mar snow days = 2.6
|Apr snow days = 1.4
|May snow days = 0.4
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.3
|Nov snow days = 1.8
|Dec snow days = 3.3

|Jan snow depth inch = 4.4
|Feb snow depth inch = 3.0
|Mar snow depth inch = 2.6
|Apr snow depth inch = 1.1
|May snow depth inch = 0.4
|Jun snow depth inch = 0.0
|Jul snow depth inch = 0.0
|Aug snow depth inch = 0.0
|Sep snow depth inch = 0.0
|Oct snow depth inch = 0.2
|Nov snow depth inch = 1.6
|Dec snow depth inch = 2.6
|year snow depth inch = 5.6

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00094299&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Alturas MUNI AP, CA
|access-date = January 21, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service (snow/snow days 1935–2018)<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=mfr
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Medford
|access-date = January 21, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 148
|1910= 916
|1920= 979
|1930= 2338
|1940= 2090
|1950= 2819
|1960= 2819
|1970= 2799
|1980= 3025
|1990= 3231
|2000= 2892
|2010= 2827
|2020= 2715
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2000===
[[File:Sacred Heart Catholic Church 2 - Alturas California.jpg|thumb|left|Sacred Heart Church of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento|Catholic Diocese of Sacramento]]]]
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] there were 2,892 people in 1,181 households, including 753 families, in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,316.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,367 housing units at an average density of {{convert|622.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 85.9% White, 0.3% Black or African American, 4.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.8% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. 11.9% of the population were [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic]] or Latino of any race.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
Of the 1,181 households 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 32.5% of households were one person and 14.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.00.

The age distribution was 28.7% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.3 males.

The median household income was $24,351 and the median family income was $31,385. Males had a median income of $36,500 versus $21,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,281. About 23.0% of families and 27.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 38.3% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

===2010===
[[File:Downtown Alturas, California (218935585).jpg|thumb|right|Downtown Alturas]]
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] Alturas had a population of 2,827. The population density was {{convert|1,154.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Alturas was 2,430 (86.0%) White, 15 (0.5%) African American, 81 (2.9%) Native American, 45 (1.6%) Asian, 7 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 118 (4.2%) from other races, and 131 (4.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 347 people (12.3%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0601444|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Alturas city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115225620/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0601444|archive-date=January 15, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The census reported that 2,814 people (99.5% of the population) lived in households, none lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 13 (0.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,238 households, 391 (31.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 507 (41.0%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 181 (14.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 65 (5.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 102 (8.2%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 9 (0.7%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 403 households (32.6%) were one person and 160 (12.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.27. There were 753 families (60.8% of households); the average family size was 2.85.

The age distribution was 702 people (24.8%) under the age of 18, 219 people (7.7%) aged 18 to 24, 672 people (23.8%) aged 25 to 44, 802 people (28.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 432 people (15.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 39.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

There were 1,407 housing units at an average density of 574.6 per square mile, of the occupied units 691 (55.8%) were owner-occupied and 547 (44.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.8%. 1,563 people (55.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,251 people (44.3%) lived in rental housing units.

== Economy ==
{{more citations needed section|date=February 2013}}
[[File:Modoc County Courthouse - Alturas California.jpg|thumb|left|The historic Modoc County Courthouse, completed in 1914 to replace the prior courthouse built 1883–84]]
Alturas is the headquarters to the [[Modoc National Forest]], the Applegate Field Office of the [[Bureau of Land Management]], the [[Modoc National Wildlife Refuge]] and other recreation areas, and is the trade center for the agricultural region, which produces beef, sheep, potatoes, alfalfa and lumber. Despite its abundance of wilderness, recreational opportunities, hunting and fishing resources, and natural environment, tourism is not a major sector of the local economy – largely due to the city's remote location.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

Local, State, Federal, and Tribal governments are the largest employers in Alturas.<ref>[http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/cgi/databrowsing/localAreaProfileQSResults.asp?selectedarea=Modoc+County&selectedindex=25&menuChoice=localAreaPro&state=true&geogArea=0604000049&countyName= Modoc County Profile], State of California Employment Development Department, accessed March 10, 2013</ref> A vibrant timber industry collapsed in the early 1980s due to increased production costs and low market prices for softwood lumber.

The [[Modoc Joint Unified School District]] is headquartered in Alturas.<ref>[http://www.modoc.k12.ca.us/ Modoc Joint Unified School District]</ref>

The [[Alturas Rancheria]], a band of Pit River Indians, operates a small casino just outside the city limits.<ref>[http://500nations.com/casinos/caDesertRose.asp Desert Rose Casino.] ''500 Nations.'' (retrieved February 23, 2009)</ref>

==Government==
In the [[California State Legislature]], Alturas is in {{Representative|casd|1|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |title=Senators |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|1|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |title=Members Assembly |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Alturas is in {{Representative|cacd|1|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|1|access-date=March 2, 2013}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:NCO Depot platform side - Alturas California.jpg|thumb|right|[[NCO Railway Depot]], built 1908]]
{{unreferenced section|date = February 2013}}
Alturas is served by [[U.S. Route 395 in California|U.S. Route 395]] and [[California State Route 299]]. U.S. 395 comes in from the south from [[Susanville, California|Susanville]] and [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]]. State Route 299 comes in from the west from [[Redding, California|Redding]]. Both highways merge in Alturas and head out of the city as a [[concurrency (road)|concurrency]] northeast toward [[Lakeview, Oregon]]; and [[Cedarville, California|Cedarville]], respectively.

The Modoc Subdivision track of the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] and the [[Lake County Railroad]] (of [[Lake County, Oregon]]) serve the area. [[Alturas Municipal Airport]] is a public-use, [[general aviation]] facility located {{Convert|1|nmi|mi km|spell=in}} west of the city's central business district.

==Notable people==
* [[Kayte Christensen]], [[WNBA]] basketball player<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bigwest.org/sports/wbball/info/review/0102/awards.asp |title=Awards and Honors: UC SANTA BARBARA'S CHRISTENSEN NAMED BIG WEST PLAYER OF THE YEAR |website=bigwest.org/ |access-date=March 6, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121725/http://www.bigwest.org/sports/wbball/info/review/0102/awards.asp |archive-date=April 2, 2015 }}</ref><ref name='hou1'>{{cite web|url=http://www.wnba.com/comets/news/Comets_Add_Kayte_Christensen-173320-222.html |title=Comets Add Kayte Christensen |access-date=October 7, 2007 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017204901/http://www.wnba.com/comets/news/Comets_Add_Kayte_Christensen-173320-222.html |archive-date=October 17, 2007 }}</ref><ref name='hou2'>{{cite web|url=http://www.wnba.com/comets/news/Christensen_Rejoins_Comets-180006-222.html |title=Christensen Rejoins Comets |access-date=March 7, 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017204816/http://www.wnba.com/comets/news/Christensen_Rejoins_Comets-180006-222.html |archive-date=October 17, 2007 }}</ref>
* [[Ernest S. Brown]], former United States Senator from Nevada <ref>{{CongBio|B000913}} Retrieved on April 7, 2008</ref>
* [[John E. Raker]] (1863–1926), Congressman from California (served 1911–1926) and author of the [[Raker Act]]<ref name="biodict">{{CongBio|R000019|name=Raker, John Edward|inline=1}}</ref>
* [[Robert Hight|Robert "Top Gun" Hight]], [[NHRA]] drag racer [[John Force Racing]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert Hight |url=https://www.nhra.com/drivers/robert-hight/691 |work=[[National Hot Rod Association]] |date=2018 |access-date=August 5, 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|California}}
* [[Modoc County Historical Museum]]
* [[California Historical Landmarks in Modoc County]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Alturas, California}}
* {{Official website|http://www.cityofalturas.us/}}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020202072621/http://www.cityofalturas.org/|date=February 2, 2002 |title=City of Alturas}}

{{Modoc County, California}}
{{California county seats}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Alturas, California| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Modoc County, California]]
[[Category:County seats in California]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]

Packwood, Washington

2024-10-20T19:36:46Z

Hike395: rv weather box to 30 August 2024, before unsourced edits

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Packwood, Washington
|image_skyline = Nisqually Glacier 0900.JPG
|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
|nickname =
|imagesize =
|image_caption = From Packwood, [[Mount Rainier]] and Butter Creek Canyon dominate the view to the north.
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Lewis_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Packwood_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Packwood in [[Lewis County, Washington|Lewis County, WA]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Washington|County]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_name1 = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Lewis County, Washington|Lewis]]
|established_title =
|established_date =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 2.58
|area_land_km2 = 2.58
|area_water_km2 = 0.0
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2020">{{cite web |title=Packwood CDP population |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Packwood%20CDP,%20Washington |website=United States Census Bureau |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref>
|population_total = 319
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = 132.4
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_note =
|timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|PST]]
|utc_offset = −8
|timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = −7
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 98361
|area_code = [[Area code 360|360]]
|coordinates = {{coord|46|36|14|N|121|40|40|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 321
|elevation_ft = 1053
|website =
|blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank_info = 1524132<ref>{{cite gnis|id=1524132|name=Packwood}}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[FIPS code]]
|blank1_info = 53-52600
|footnotes =
}}

'''Packwood''' is an [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] and [[census-designated place]] (CDP) located in easternmost [[Lewis County, Washington|Lewis County]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], in the United States. As of the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], the CDP had a population of 319, while the town and surrounding Packwood community (east of Cora Bridge) had a total population of 1,073.<ref name="Packwood Subarea Plan">{{cite web |title=Packwood Subarea Plan: Ordinance 1350 |url=https://lewiscountywa.gov/departments/community-development/rezones/comprehensive-plan-and-development-regulation-amendments/packwood-subarea-plan/ |website=Lewis County, Washington |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Packwood was originally established as Sulphur Springs. Shortly thereafter, it was renamed to Lewis,<ref name="FSIPH"/> in honor of [[Meriwether Lewis]], but was finally renamed to Packwood, in honor of William Packwood due to the US Postal Service confusing the town with [[Fort Lewis (Washington)|Fort Lewis]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

==History==
The name "Packwood", used for the town, a mountain pass, and a lake, honors William Packwood, a [[Virginia]]n pioneer and explorer of Oregon and Washington.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Meany |first= Edmond S. |authorlink= Edmond S. Meany |year= 1921 |title= Origin of Washington Geographic Names |journal= The Washington Historical Quarterly |volume= XII |page= 65 |publisher= Washington University State Historical Society |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1rsUAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=2009-06-11}}</ref> Packwood and [[James Longmire]] were tasked by the Washington Territorial Legislature to chart a low pass over the [[Cascade Range]], this necessitated by the deaths of several delegates in their journey to the first legislative session. As a mark of their successes in this venture, the charted pass - called the Packwood Saddle - is still unused by any road, trail, or other conveyance to pass between the east and west sides of the Cascades. Packwood is home to the historic Packwood Ranger Station located off of US-12.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nile |first1=Amy |title=Packwood's Old Ranger Station Has a New Use |url=https://www.chronline.com/stories/packwoods-old-ranger-station-has-a-new-use,127774 |access-date=28 January 2024 |work=The Chronicle |date=September 5, 2012}}</ref>

Packwood suffered severe flooding during an excessive rain and snowmelt event in December 1977. Eight homes were washed away and evacuations were necessary.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blomdahl |first1=George |title=Rain bringing fresh worries to east county |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/washington/centralia/centralia-daily-chronicle/1977/12-06/page-1 |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The Daily Chronicle |date=December 6, 1977 |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zander |first1=Larry |title=Mudslides isolate east county area |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/washington/centralia/centralia-daily-chronicle/1977/12-02/page-1 |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The Daily Chronicle |date=December 2, 1977 |page=1}}</ref> Several bridges were closed after either washouts or structural damages, cutting of Packwood. The Johnson Creek Bridge, located on the main arterial of [[White Pass Scenic Byway]], collapsed.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Benowitz |first1=Sam |title=East county hit hard by rampaging rivers |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/washington/centralia/centralia-daily-chronicle/1977/12-03/page-1 |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The Daily Chronicle |date=December 3, 1977 |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=County's flood toll may cost $6 million dollars |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/washington/centralia/centralia-daily-chronicle/1977/12-05/page-1 |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The Daily Chronicle (Centralia, Washington) |date=December 5, 1977 |page=1}}</ref> The community was inundated again during a November 2006 flood necessitating evacuations of hundreds of people from the High Valley area after a dike broke. Washed out homes were carried away by the Cowlitz River, which was recorded as exceeding {{convert|10|ft|m|1}}; the powerful flood changed the course of the river.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Eric Olson |author2=Aaron VanTuyl |title=High Valley evacuees may return home |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/washington/centralia/centralia-chronicle/2006/11-08/page-9 |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The Chronicle |date=November 8, 2006 |page=A9}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=VanTuyl |first1=Aaron |title=Homeowners pick up the pieces |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/washington/centralia/centralia-chronicle/2006/11-09 |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The Chronicle |date=November 9, 2006 |pages=A1, A8}}</ref>

==Geography==
Packwood is located at {{Coord|46|36|14|N|121|40|40|W|type:city}} (46.6040008, -121.6778664),<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> at the intersection of [[US Highway 12]] and Gifford Pinchot National Forest Road 52 (Skate Creek Road). It is located between [[Mount Rainier National Park]] to the north and [[Mount St. Helens|Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument]] to the south. The [[Tatoosh Wilderness]], [[Goat Rocks Wilderness]], and [[William O. Douglas Wilderness]] are to the north, southeast, and northeast respectively, with the [[Gifford Pinchot National Forest]] as a buffer in all directions. Packwood is located in the upper [[Cowlitz River]] valley, just downstream of the confluence of the Muddy and Clear forks of the Cowlitz. The [[White Pass Ski Area]] and crest of the [[Cascade Range]] demark the eastern edge of the Packwood area, the town of [[Randle, Washington|Randle]] the west, and large expanses of forest, wilderness, and parkland the north and south.

According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the Packwood CDP has an area of {{convert|2.6|sqkm|order=flip}}, all of it recorded as land.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web |title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files –Washington |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_53.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref> The larger Packwood area, including the residential communities of Goat Rocks, High Valley Park, Packwood Heights, Skate Creek Terrace, Skyline, and Timberline Village, has 1,073 full-time residents.<ref name="Packwood Subarea Plan" />

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Packwood has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=583654&cityname=Packwood%2C+Washington%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Packwood, Washington]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Packwood
|single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 67
| Feb record high F = 77
| Mar record high F = 85
| Apr record high F = 90
| May record high F = 102
| Jun record high F = 104
| Jul record high F = 108
| Aug record high F = 105
| Sep record high F = 105
| Oct record high F = 97
| Nov record high F = 75
| Dec record high F = 63
| year record high F = 108
| Jan high F = 42.9
| Feb high F = 48.1
| Mar high F = 52.6
| Apr high F = 59
| May high F = 66.3
| Jun high F = 71.6
| Jul high F = 79
| Aug high F = 79.1
| Sep high F = 73.9
| Oct high F = 61.9
| Nov high F = 48.4
| Dec high F = 42.3
| year high F = 60.4
| Jan low F = 29.3
| Feb low F = 30.5
| Mar low F = 32.8
| Apr low F = 36.5
| May low F = 41.8
| Jun low F = 47.4
| Jul low F = 51
| Aug low F = 50.7
| Sep low F = 44.7
| Oct low F = 38.5
| Nov low F = 33.3
| Dec low F = 29.8
| year low F = 38.9
| Jan record low F = -9
| Feb record low F = -2
| Mar record low F = 2
| Apr record low F = 20
| May record low F = 20
| Jun record low F = 27
| Jul record low F = 28
| Aug record low F = 29
| Sep record low F = 23
| Oct record low F = 17
| Nov record low F = -3
| Dec record low F = -8
| year record low F = -9
|precipitation colour=green
| Jan precipitation inch = 9.01
| Feb precipitation inch = 6
| Mar precipitation inch = 5.31
| Apr precipitation inch = 3.39
| May precipitation inch = 2.54
| Jun precipitation inch = 2.08
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.72
| Aug precipitation inch = 1.06
| Sep precipitation inch = 2.24
| Oct precipitation inch = 4.88
| Nov precipitation inch = 8.87
| Dec precipitation inch = 9.05
| year precipitation inch = 55.14
| Jan precipitation days = 17
| Feb precipitation days = 14
| Mar precipitation days = 16
| Apr precipitation days = 14
| May precipitation days = 12
| Jun precipitation days = 10
| Jul precipitation days = 4
| Aug precipitation days = 5
| Sep precipitation days = 8
| Oct precipitation days = 13
| Nov precipitation days = 17
| Dec precipitation days = 17
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch
| Jan snow inch = 11.8
| Feb snow inch = 4.7
| Mar snow inch = 2.8
| Apr snow inch = 0.3
| May snow inch = 0
| Jun snow inch = 0
| Jul snow inch = 0
| Aug snow inch = 0
| Sep snow inch = 0
| Oct snow inch = 0
| Nov snow inch = 1.9
| Dec snow inch = 6.4
| year snow inch = 27.9
|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?wa6262 |title=PACKWOOD, WASHINGTON (456262) |accessdate=November 15, 2015 |publisher=Western Regional Climate Center }}</ref>
|date=November 2015
}}

==Arts and culture==

===Historic buildings and sites===
Packwood is home to the [[La Wis Wis Guard Station No. 1165]], a rustic cabin built by the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] and is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Lewis County, Washington|National Register of Historic Places]].

==Parks and recreation==
Packwood is home to the Skate Creek Park Natural Area. Officially listed as the Washington State Parks Packwood Property,<ref>{{cite web |title=Skate Creek Park |url=https://packwoodvisitorcenter.com/skate-creek-park/ |publisher=Packwood Visitor Center |access-date=April 22, 2024}}</ref> the land is owned by the state though considered surplus. The park is approximately {{convert|180|acre|ha}} in size. Attempts to transfer the parcel to the Lewis County parks department was considered but did not materialize; the county officially passed on the transfer in 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rosane |first1=Eric |title=Deal Would Transfer 180 Acres of State Park Land to Lewis County |url=https://www.chronline.com/stories/deal-would-transfer-180-acres-of-state-park-land-to-lewis-county,283396? |access-date=April 22, 2024 |work=The Chronicle |date=January 26, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Vander Stoep |first1=Isabel |title=Lewis County Backs Out of Skate Creek Park Acquisition |url=https://www.chronline.com/stories/lewis-county-backs-out-of-skate-creek-park-acquisition,287565? |access-date=April 22, 2024 |work=The Chronicle |date=April 6, 2022}}</ref>

The Cowlitz River Public Access Park opened in 2022, The park lacks a boat ramp but a nature trail allows users to access to the Cowlitz River.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vander Stoep |first1=Isabel |title=Lewis County Soft Opens Cowlitz River Public Access Park |url=https://www.chronline.com/stories/lewis-county-soft-opens-cowlitz-river-public-access-park,295161? |access-date=April 22, 2024 |work=The Chronicle |date=June 8, 2022}}</ref> The Packwood Ballpark, under the oversight of the Lewis County Public Utility District, hosts a baseball field and open areas.<ref>{{cite web |title=LCPUD - Packwood Ballpark |date=October 11, 2023 |url=https://www.lcpud.org/recreation/ballpark/ |publisher=Lewis County Public Utility District |access-date=April 22, 2024}}</ref>

==Economy==
The town of Packwood has historically relied on the forest products industry as an economic engine, supplemented by government employment (via the National Forest and Park Services) and seasonal tourism.

In 1998, 220 jobs were lost when the Packwood Lumber Mill closed because of the depressed [[Pacific Northwest]] lumber industry.<ref name="Packwood Subarea Plan" />
The Packwood Ranger Station closed in 2003 after budget cuts in the [[United States Forest Service|US Forest Service]] and operations for the [[Gifford Pinchot National Forest|Cowlitz Valley Ranger District]] were centralized in nearby [[Randle]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Allen |title=Wind River visitor center closing for good |url=https://www.newspapers.com/embed/139584424/ |access-date=28 January 2024 |work=The Columbian |date=November 13, 2003}}</ref> By 2010, the full-time population of Packwood had halved and many residences had become second homes or vacation rentals.<ref name="Packwood Subarea Plan" />

Packwood has become an increasingly popular vacation destination.<ref name="Packwood Subarea Plan" /> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Yaw |first1=Claudia |title=New Tourism Commission Will Create Countywide Strategic Plan |url=https://www.chronline.com/stories/new-tourism-commission-will-create-countywide-strategic-plan,261020 |website=The Chronicle |date=November 30, 2020 |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref> Proximity to [[White Pass Ski Area]], expanded in 2010 by 767 acres, brings in visitors over the winter and access to Mount Rainier National Park and Gifford Pinchot National Forest brings visitors over the summer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Craig |title=Long-awaited White Pass ski area expansion opens today |url=https://www.theolympian.com/entertainment/tv-movies/article25272238.html |website=The Olympian |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About Packwood |url=https://packwoodvisitorcenter.com/about-packwood/ |website=Packwood Visitor Center}}</ref> Packwood hosts the Packwood Flea Market, established in the 1970s and now one of largest flea markets in the western United States, every [[Memorial Day]] weekend and [[Labor Day]] weekend.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Ashley |title=Packwood Flea Market: A Hub for Antiquers and Crafters Alike |url=https://www.fleamarketinsiders.com/packwood-flea-market/ |website=Flea Market Insiders |date=November 27, 2023 |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref> Local organizations and Lewis County have sought to promote the tourism opportunities of the town, improve tourist and vacation infrastructure, and plan for the long-term economy of the town.<ref name="Packwood Subarea Plan" /> Home prices in Packwood increased 300% between 2012 and 2022, posing a challenge for the seasonal employees outdoor recreation relies on.<ref name="Packwood Subarea Plan" />

==Government and politics==

===Politics===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:95%;"
|+ Presidential Elections Results
|-
! !! colspan=3 | Packwood precinct !! colspan=3 | Big Bottom precinct
|-
! Year
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
! [[Third Party (United States)|Third parties]]
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
! [[Third Party (United States)|Third parties]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[2012 United States presidential election in Washington (state)|2012]]'''<ref name="2012 gen election">{{cite web|title=Lewis County November 6, 2012 General Election |url=https://results.vote.wa.gov/results/20121106/lewis |website=Results.Vote.WA |access-date=August 30, 2024}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''48.13%''' ''77''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''48.13%''' ''77''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|3.75% ''6''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''52.04%''' ''294''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|45.49% ''257''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|2.48% ''14''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[2016 United States presidential election in Washington (state)|2016]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Lewis County November 8, 2016 General Election |url=https://results.vote.wa.gov/results/20161108/lewis/precincts-1.html |website=Results.Vote.WA |access-date=August 30, 2024}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''55.36%''' ''93''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|37.50% ''63''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|7.14% ''12''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''58.54%''' ''312''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|34.71% ''185''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|6.75% ''36''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''[[2020 United States presidential election in Washington (state)|2020]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Lewis County 2020 Election |url=https://results.vote.wa.gov/results/20201103/lewis/precincts-60513.html |website=Results.Vote.WA |access-date=July 23, 2021}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''52.82%''' ''103''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|45.13% ''88''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|2.06% ''4''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''56.01%''' ''387''
| style="text-align:center;" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|41.39% ''286''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|2.61% ''18''
|-
|}

Packwood and the surrounding Big Bottom voting district are recognized as being majority [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and [[Conservatism|conservative]], though less so in comparison to other rural areas within Lewis County. At the presidential level, the two Packwood area precincts show a 5%-12% lower vote share for the Republican than Lewis County as a whole, with the Packwood precinct in the 2012 US Presidential election tied at 77 votes each between [[Barack Obama]] and [[Mitt Romney]], despite Lewis county-wide going 60% to Romney, the Republican.<ref name="2012 gen election"/>

==Education==
The first school in Packwood was built in 1915.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Schools Authorized |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/washington/centralia/centralia-daily-chronicle-examiner/1915/03-10/page-1 |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The Daily Chronicle-Examiner |date=March 10, 1915 |page=1}}</ref> when the community was known as Lewis. Then part of what was considered the largest school district in the United States, its first class included 11 students. The original schoolhouse was replaced in 1938 with a brick structure that housed an auditorium and in 1953, the Packwood boys' basketball team won the state championship.<ref name="FSIPH">{{cite news |title=First School In Packwood Had 11 Pupils |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/washington/centralia/centralia-daily-chronicle/1953/06-06/page-74 |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The Centralia Daily Chronicle |date=June 6, 1953 |page=14C}}</ref>

Packwood is located in the White Pass School District, which, in addition to Packwood, covers the small towns of [[Randle, Washington|Randle]] and [[Glenoma, Washington|Glenoma]] and the vast forested expanse in extreme eastern Lewis County, terminating at the crest of the Cascades and the border with [[Yakima County, Washington|Yakima County]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.whitepass.k12.wa.us/page/about-us |website=White Pass School District |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref> In 2004, the town's school-age population dropped to the point that the local K–6 elementary school was shuttered, although in 2007 the building was converted to the White Pass Country Historical Museum and now houses a local museum and hosts community events.<ref>{{cite web |title=White Pass Historical Museum Opens |url=https://www.chronline.com/stories/white-pass-historical-museum-opens,207471 |website=The Chronicle |date=October 15, 2007 |access-date=January 28, 2024}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==

Packwood is accessible year-round by private vehicle on [[U.S. Route 12|US 12]], and seasonally by [[Washington State Route 123|SR 123]] and several forest service roads. The general aviation [[Packwood Airport]] is located three blocks west of highway 12 in downtown Packwood. As of October 2024, Lewis County Transit's Brown Line provides two round-trip weekday routes to and from [[Centralia, Washington|Centralia]]-[[Chehalis, Washington|Chehalis]], including connections to [[Centralia, Washington (Amtrak station)|Amtrak]] and [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bus Routes - Lewis County Transit|date=December 31, 2023 |url=https://lewiscountytransit.org/bus-routes/|access-date=2024-10-16}}</ref>

The community is among 8 locations that are part of an [[Electric vehicle|EV]] installation project on the [[White Pass Scenic Byway]]. The program will stretch from the [[White Pass Ski Area]] to Chehalis and is run in partnership with Lewis County PUD, [[Twin Transit]], state government agencies, and local community efforts. The venture began in 2023 from two grants totaling over $1.8 million.<ref>{{cite news |author1=The Chronicle staff |title=Construction Begins on U.S. Highway 12 Electric Vehicle Charging Station Network |url=https://www.chronline.com/stories/construction-begins-on-us-highway-12-electric-vehicle-charging-station-network,315141 |access-date=June 21, 2023 |work=The Chronicle (Centralia, Washington) |date=March 7, 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}

{{Lewis County, Washington}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Unincorporated communities in Lewis County, Washington]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Lewis County, Washington]]
[[Category:Gifford Pinchot National Forest]]

Sisters, Oregon

2024-10-20T19:34:33Z

Hike395: /* Climate */ rv weather box to 21 November 2023 before unsourced edits

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Sisters, Oregon
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| nickname =
| motto = "The West at its best"
| image_skyline = Sisters main street.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| image_caption = Cascade Avenue in downtown Sisters
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map = Deschutes_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Sisters_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location in [[Oregon]]
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Oregon]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Oregon|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Deschutes County, Oregon|Deschutes]]
| government_type =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Michael Preedin
| established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date = 1946
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_sq_mi = 1.93
| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='41'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 5.01
| area_land_sq_mi = 1.93
| area_land_km2 = 5.01
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00
| area_water_km2 = 0.00
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_note =
| population_total = 3064
| population_metro =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = 612.11
| population_density_sq_mi = 1585.10
| timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|Pacific]]
| utc_offset = -8
| timezone_DST = Pacific
| utc_offset_DST = -7
| coordinates = {{coord|44|17|27|N|121|32|56|W|region:US-OR_type:city(2038)_source:gnis-1127008|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_ft = 3182
| website = [http://www.ci.sisters.or.us www.ci.sisters.or.us]
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 97759
| area_code = [[Area code 541|541]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 41-67950<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1127008<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
| footnotes =
| pop_est_footnotes =
| unit_pref = Imperial
}}
'''Sisters''' is a city in [[Deschutes County, Oregon|Deschutes County]], [[Oregon]], United States. It is part of the [[Bend, Oregon]] [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. The population was 2,038 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name="pop2010">{{cite web|title=Oregon Legislative District Population Adjustments|url=http://www.leg.state.or.us/redistricting/docs/ORPop_districts_Final_030411.pdf|publisher=Oregon State Legislature|date=4 March 2011}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== History ==
The community takes its name from the nearby [[Three Sisters (Oregon)|Three Sisters]] mountains.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moyer|first1=Armond|last2=Moyer|first2=Winifred|title=The origins of unusual place-names|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89058322223;view=1up;seq=123|year=1958|publisher=Keystone Pub. Associates|page=119}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.87|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=2012-01-25}}</ref>

The Santiam Highway ([[U.S. Route 20 in Oregon|U.S. Route 20]]) and the McKenzie Highway ([[Oregon Route 126]]) merge briefly to form Cascade Avenue, the main thoroughfare through downtown Sisters. On Cascade Avenue, there is a lot of pedestrian traffic and many specialty stores and galleries. East of Sisters the two highways split, with 126 heading to [[Redmond, Oregon|Redmond]] and 20 going to [[Bend, Oregon|Bend]].<ref name="desc1">[http://egov.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TDATA/gis/docs/countymaps/desc1.pdf Deschutes County 2011 Edition] (PDF)</ref> West of Sisters, the road splits once more, with the McKenzie Highway becoming [[Oregon Route 242]]<ref name="desc1"/> and running west over the [[McKenzie Pass]] (a summertime-only scenic route over the [[Cascade Range|Cascades]].) The Santiam Highway proceeds over the [[Santiam Pass]].

==Climate==
[[File:Forest, Sisters, OR 9-1-13zc (9880051794).jpg|thumb|left|Forest in city]]

This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above {{convert|71.6|F|C}}. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Sisters has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=758753&cityname=Sisters,+Oregon,+United+States+of+America&units=|title=Sisters, Oregon Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Sisters
|single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 65
| Feb record high F = 72
| Mar record high F = 78
| Apr record high F = 87
| May record high F = 98
| Jun record high F = 103
| Jul record high F = 109
| Aug record high F = 106
| Sep record high F = 103
| Oct record high F = 92
| Nov record high F = 73
| Dec record high F = 64
| year record high F = 109
| Jan high F = 41.1
| Feb high F = 45.1
| Mar high F = 51.1
| Apr high F = 57
| May high F = 65.5
| Jun high F = 74.5
| Jul high F = 84.4
| Aug high F = 83.5
| Sep high F = 75.3
| Oct high F = 62.9
| Nov high F = 47.5
| Dec high F = 40.5
| year high F = 60.7
| Jan low F = 21.3
| Feb low F = 23.3
| Mar low F = 25.9
| Apr low F = 28.4
| May low F = 33.8
| Jun low F = 39
| Jul low F = 42.4
| Aug low F = 41.8
| Sep low F = 35.5
| Oct low F = 29.3
| Nov low F = 25.8
| Dec low F = 20.9
| year low F = 30.6
| Jan record low F = -28
| Feb record low F = -22
| Mar record low F = -1
| Apr record low F = 9
| May record low F = 11
| Jun record low F = 19
| Jul record low F = 24
| Aug record low F = 25
| Sep record low F = 15
| Oct record low F = -4
| Nov record low F = -16
| Dec record low F = -28
| year record low F = -28 | precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 2.24
| Feb precipitation inch = 1.45
| Mar precipitation inch = 1.12
| Apr precipitation inch = 0.79
| May precipitation inch = 0.78
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.61
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.38
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.41
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.4
| Oct precipitation inch = 0.95
| Nov precipitation inch = 2.1
| Dec precipitation inch = 2.27
| year precipitation inch = 13.49
| Jan precipitation days = 9
| Feb precipitation days = 7
| Mar precipitation days = 8
| Apr precipitation days = 6
| May precipitation days = 6
| Jun precipitation days = 4
| Jul precipitation days = 2
| Aug precipitation days = 3
| Sep precipitation days = 3
| Oct precipitation days = 5
| Nov precipitation days = 10
| Dec precipitation days = 9
| Jan snow inch = 8.3
| Feb snow inch = 6.3
| Mar snow inch = 3.5
| Apr snow inch = 0.3
| May snow inch = 0
| Jun snow inch = 0
| Jul snow inch = 0
| Aug snow inch = 0
| Sep snow inch = 0
| Oct snow inch = 0.2
| Nov snow inch = 3.6
| Dec snow inch = 7.9
| year snow inch = 30.1

|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?or7857 |title=SISTERS, OR (357857) |access-date=November 26, 2015 |publisher=Western Regional Climate Center }}</ref>
|date=November 2015
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1950= 723
|1960= 602
|1970= 516
|1980= 696
|1990= 679
|2000= 959
|2010= 2038
|2020= 3064
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}
[[File:Former Hotel Sisters in Sisters, Oregon.jpg|thumb|Former Hotel Sisters, built in 1912 by local businessman John Dennis]]
[[File:CityHallSummer2012.jpg|thumb|City hall]]

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 2,038 people, 847 households, and 557 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1089.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,109 housing units at an average density of {{convert|593.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 93.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.7% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 2.3% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.1% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 7.1% of the population.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21}}</ref>

There were 847 households, of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.2% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.92.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median age in the city was 41.4 years. 26.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 30.4% were from 45 to 64; and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

===2000 census===
As of the census of 2000, there were 959 people, 397 households, and 262 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|663.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 482 housing units at an average density of {{convert|333.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 95.83% White, 1.56% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 1.36% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.59% of the population.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

There were 397 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.88.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.7 males.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median income for a household in the city was $35,000, and the median income for a family was $43,977. Males had a median income of $35,563 versus $21,771 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,847. About 7.4% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 2.3% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

==Education==
The Sisters area is served by [[Sisters School District]], which is responsible for the education of approximately 1,300 students at four schools:
* Sisters Elementary School - Kindergarten through Grade 4
* Sisters Middle School - Grades 5 through 8
* [[Sisters High School]] - Grades 9 through 12
* Sisters High School Alternative Programs - Grades 9 through 12

Sisters is also home to Sisters Christian Academy, a non-denominational Christian school.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sisterschristianacademy.com/|title=sisterschristianacademy.com-精品域名，老域名，精品米铺|website=www.sisterschristianacademy.com}}</ref>

==Media==
The local newspaper is ''[[The Nugget Newspaper]]'', published weekly on Wednesdays. The ''[[Small Farmer's Journal]]'' also originates in Sisters.

==Events==
[[File:Sisters Rodeo Parade June 12 (4746685760).jpg|thumb|Rodeo parade]]

* The Sisters Rodeo is held the second weekend in June, held since 1941.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sistersrodeo.com/|title=Sisters Rodeo - The Biggest Little Show In The World!|website=Sisters Rodeo}}</ref>
* Sisters Outdoor Quilt Show is on the second weekend of July.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soqs.org/|title=Sisters Outdoor Quilt Show|website=Sisters Outdoor Quilt Show}}</ref>
* The Sisters Glory Daze Car Show is held in mid July<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sistersoregonguide.com/events-calendar.html|title=Sisters Oregon Guide - Events Calendar|website=www.sistersoregonguide.com|access-date=2018-04-25}}</ref>
* [[Sisters folk festival|Sisters Folk Festival]] is held the weekend after Labor Day in September.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sistersfolkfestival.org/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620163956/http://www.sistersfolkfestival.org/index.php|url-status=dead|title=Welcome|archivedate=June 20, 2013|website=Sisters Folk Festival}}</ref>
* Fourth Friday Artwalk is a monthly event, occurring all year.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sistersartsassociation.org/|title=Sisters Arts Association|website=Sisters Arts Association}}</ref>
* Artists Studio Tour is held on the last weekend in September.<ref name="auto"/>

== Recreation ==
[[File:Three sisters2.jpg|thumb|[[Three Sisters (Oregon)|The Three Sisters]], the city's namesake mountains]]
Sisters is the headquarters of the Sisters District of the [[Deschutes National Forest]]. The Sisters Ranger District Office is located at Pine Street and Highway 20.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sisterschamber.com/Sisters-Community/USDA-FS-Sisters-Ranger-District/default.aspx|title=The Sisters Country}}</ref> Hiking, biking and horse riding trails go from the city limits into the [[Three Sisters Wilderness]]. Sisters Trail Alliance<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sisterstrails.com/ |title=Home of the Sisters Trails Alliance |access-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-date=November 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120074932/http://www.sisterstrails.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> builds and maintains hiking, biking and equestrian trails near the city.

The Sisters area is also home to several mountain biking trails, including the Peterson Ridge Trail and [[Suttle Lake (Oregon)|Suttle Lake]] trails.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sisterstrails.com/trailmaps.html |title=Trail Maps |access-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-date=November 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120023110/http://www.sisterstrails.com/trailmaps.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Hoodoo (ski area)|Hoodoo ski resort]] and many snow parks are nearby.

Camp Tamarack is nearby.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nuggetnews.com/Content/Business/Business/Article/Camp-Tamarack-slated-to-reopen-in-2014/7/88/21519|title=Camp Tamarack slated to reopen in 2014|website=nuggetnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://camptamarack.com/about/history/ |title=Camp Tamarac History |access-date=2014-03-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140304175110/http://camptamarack.com/about/history/ |archive-date=2014-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> as is [[Big Lake Youth Camp]] operated by [[Seventh-day Adventists]] since 1963.

==Transportation==
* [[Oregon Route 126]]
* [[Oregon Route 242]]
* [[U.S. Route 20]]
* [[Sisters Eagle Air Airport]]

==Notable people==
* [[Dan Fouts]], former professional football player
* [[Chris Klug]], Olympic snowboarder
* [[Ken Ruettgers]], former professional football player
* [[Tonya Harding]], former professional and Olympic skater
* [[Rainn Wilson]], actor known for ''The Office''
* [[Johnny Werhas]], former professional baseball player

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
<ref>Sisters Arts Association</ref>

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{wikivoyage inline|Sisters}}
* [http://www.ci.sisters.or.us/ City of Sisters] (official website)
* [https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/local/cities/s-y/sisters.aspx Entry for Sisters] in the ''[[Oregon Blue Book]]''
* [http://www.sisterschamber.com/ Sisters Chamber of Commerce]

{{Deschutes County, Oregon}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Sisters, Oregon| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Oregon]]
[[Category:Cities in Deschutes County, Oregon]]
[[Category:American frontier]]
[[Category:1888 establishments in Oregon]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1888]]

Guerneville, California

2024-10-20T19:31:26Z

Hike395: Reverted edit by Aaghdam1722 (talk) to last version by 1980fast

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Guerneville
|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
|image_skyline = Guerneville1.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Downtown area along Main Street
|image_map = Sonoma_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Guerneville_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location in [[Sonoma County, California|Sonoma County]] and the state of [[California]]
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Sonoma County, California|Sonoma]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =

|area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes = <ref name="U.S. Census">{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 9.879
| area_land_sq_mi = 9.709
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.170
| area_total_km2 = 25.587
| area_land_km2 = 25.147
| area_water_km2 = 0.440
| area_water_percent = 1.72
| area_note =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|area_blank1_title =
|area_blank1_km2 =
|area_blank1_sq_mi =

|population_as_of = 2020
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 4552
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|coordinates = {{coord|38|30|23|N|122|59|27|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name="gnis">{{gnis|277527|Guerneville}}</ref>
|elevation_m = 18
|elevation_ft = 59

|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 95446
|area_code = [[Area code 707|707]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
|blank_info = {{FIPS|06|31470}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|277527}}
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Guerneville''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ɜːr|n|v|ɪ|l|,_|-|n|i|v|ɪ|l}}) is an [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] and [[census-designated place]] in the [[Russian River Valley]] of [[Sonoma County, California|Sonoma County]], [[California]], United States. The town is historically known as a logging community, formed in the late 1800s. It was founded by the Guerne family in the 1850s.

In the 21st century, Guerneville is also known for its natural environment, liberal atmosphere, and proximity to [[wine-tasting]] and [[redwood forest]]s.

==History==
[[File:Guerneville, California (1875).jpg|thumb|right|Hiram Epperly's Saloon in Guerneville, 1875]]
Guerneville developed adjacent to the [[Russian River (California)|Russian River]]. [[Coast Redwood|Redwoods]] grew in the riverbed with such vigor that just a few centuries ago, the valley had the greatest biomass density on the planet, according to local lore.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} The local [[Pomo people|Pomo]] Indians had long used the area as a summer camp and called it "Ceola" ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|iː|oʊ|l|eɪ}} or ''cee-oh-lay'') which meant "shady place."

A large stand of ancient trees is preserved in the Fife Creek watershed, now the centerpiece of [[Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve|Armstrong Woods Park]]. But many of the trees were logged in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, giving rise to the first English name for the place – "Stumptown." Logging in the area boomed after vast amounts of lumber were needed for rebuilding after the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake|1906 earthquake]] and associated fires.

The annual town parade still commemorates the old place name by calling itself "Stumptown Days." The present name Guerneville was introduced to honor Swiss immigrant George Guerne, a local businessman of the 19th century who owned the town's sawmill.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.russianrivertravel.com/stewards-armstronghistory.htm |title= History of Armstrong Redwoods |website= RussianRiverTravel.com |location= Guerneville, California |access-date= 2013-08-22 |quote= In 1867 a 25 year old Swiss immigrant arrived in Stumptown. His name was George E. Guerne. Guerne purchased land in the area and laid out a subdivision which became known as 'Guernewood Park'. Guerne also built and operated a sawmill in Stumptown.}}</ref> By 1870, there was a U.S. Post Office in Guerneville; it was listed by the name "Guerneville".<ref>{{cite book |author= United States Post Office Department |author-link= United States Post Office Department |title= Revenues and Classes of Post Offices |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NC4wAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Guerneville,+Sonoma...Cal%22&pg=PA85 |access-date= 2013-08-22 |year= 1870 |page= 85 |quote= Guerneville, Sonoma, Cal}}</ref> Although locals may be found selling T-shirts that say "Don't call it Guerneyville" (alluding to the "GURN-vil" pronunciation),<ref>{{cite web |url= http://melodymontero.com/sonoma_county/cities_and_towns/guerneville |title= Guerneville |last= Montero |first= Melody |access-date= 2013-08-21 |quote= As the local tee shirts say, 'don't call it Guerneyville'.}}</ref> many have called the town "Guerneyville"<ref>{{cite book |last= Unzelman |first= Gail |title= Sonoma County Wineries |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sxphwKNaPbIC&q=Guerneyville&pg=PA82 |access-date= 2013-08-21 |series= Postcard History Series |date= 2006-08-28 |publisher= [[Arcadia Publishing]] |isbn= 9780738546674 |page= 82 |quote= There always have been those who insist on calling the town Guerneyville, as pictured in the above 1909 postcard.}}
*{{cite periodical |author=Bob Foster |date=Winter 2007 |title=Book Reports |periodical=Napa Valley Wine Library Report |url=http://www.napawinelibrary.com/reports/2007/winter/book-reviews/}}</ref> in spelling and pronunciation since the 1800s.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnE4AQAAMAAJ&q=Guerneyville&pg=PA569 |title=Annual Report of the Indiana State Board of Agriculture |access-date=2013-08-21 |volume=30 |year=1889 |publisher=Indiana State Board of Agriculture |page=569 |quote= ... then by rail entered the Sonoma Valley, visiting the redwood regions at and near Guerneyville, returning to Santa Rosa, ...}}</ref> The extensive redwood forests on the surrounding mountains are less than 200 years old, having been replacement plantings for much of the logging done in the 19th century.

In the late 19th century, the area became popular with wealthy vacationers from [[San Francisco]] and surrounding communities. The [[San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad]] in 1877 linked the town to the [[ferries of San Francisco Bay]]. Even with the demise of train service in the late 1930s, the area's resorts remained popular with vacationers who came by automobile through the 1950s. A local movie theater, the River, was built near the beach and showed double features throughout the 1950s and 1960s.

The advent of jet airplane travel in the 1960s marked a period of decline for many of the older resorts. Winter floods in 1964 caused a further decline in local businesses. A renaissance took place in the late 1970s as numerous gay entrepreneurs from San Francisco identified the area as a prime recreational destination for weekends. Many older resorts benefited from increased tourism, and the town's businesses began to thrive.

==Geography==
Guerneville is located in western Sonoma County, along the [[Russian River (California)|Russian River]] on [[California State Highway 116|State Route 116]], between [[Monte Rio, California|Monte Rio]] to the west and [[Forestville, California|Forestville]] to the east.

The CDP has a total area of {{convert|9.88|sqmi|km2|1|abbr=on}}. Of that, {{convert|9.71|sqmi|km2|1|abbr=on}} is land and {{convert|0.17|sqmi|km2|1|abbr=on}} (1.72%) is water.<ref name="U.S. Census"/>

===Climate===
[[Image:Guerneville California flooding.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial view of Guerneville during flooding on the Russian River]]

Guerneville has cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers, a climate typical of northern coastal California. Although rainfall is rare during the summer months, fog often comes up the river from the Pacific Ocean. The associated condensation creates "[[fog drip]]," which sustains the numerous redwood trees, ferns, and other vegetation.

The [[National Weather Service]] reports that Guerneville has an average annual rainfall of {{convert|49.15|in|mm}}. Measurable precipitation occurs on an average of 73 days each year. The wettest year was 1970 with {{convert|70.2|in|mm}} and the driest year was 1949 with {{convert|31.34|in|mm}}. The most rainfall in one month was {{Convert|29.08|in|mm}} in January 1970. The most rainfall in 24 hours was {{convert|8.4|in|mm}} on February 8, 1960.

Although no official temperature records exist for Guerneville, the nearby town of [[Graton, California|Graton]] has average January temperatures ranging from {{convert|35.7|to|56.1|F|C}}, and July temperatures from {{convert|48.4|to|83.5|F|C}}. There are an average of 28.7 days annually with highs of {{Convert|90|F|C}} or higher and 44.7 days annually with lows of {{Convert|32|F|C}} or lower. The record high temperature was {{convert|113|°F|°C|abbr=on}} on July 14, 1972, and the record low temperature was {{convert|14|°F|°C|abbr=on}} on December 22, 1990. Other nearby cooperative National Weather Service stations are in [[Occidental, California|Occidental]], [[Cazadero, California|Cazadero]], and [[Fort Ross, California|Fort Ross]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/summary/Climsmcca.html|title=Central California|website=www.wrcc.dri.edu}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Legett, California (1981–2010)
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 57
|Feb high F = 60
|Mar high F = 64
|Apr high F = 68
|May high F = 73
|Jun high F = 78
|Jul high F = 81
|Aug high F = 80
|Sep high F = 80
|Oct high F = 75
|Nov high F = 65
|Dec high F = 57
|year high F =
|Jan low F = 39
|Feb low F = 41
|Mar low F = 42
|Apr low F = 44
|May low F = 47
|Jun low F = 50
|Jul low F = 52
|Aug low F = 52
|Sep low F = 50
|Oct low F = 47
|Nov low F = 42
|Dec low F = 38
|year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 9.83
|Feb precipitation inch = 8.85
|Mar precipitation inch = 7.92
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.01
|May precipitation inch = 1.40
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.39
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.02
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.09
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.20
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.32
|Nov precipitation inch = 5.31
|Dec precipitation inch = 10.00
|year precipitation inch=

|source 1 = Prism<ref>[https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/] U.S. Climate Data. Retrieved April 29, 2022.</ref>
|date= April 2022
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 363
|1940= 1089
|1980= 1525
|1990= 1966
|2000= 2467
|2010= 4534
|2020= 4552
|estyear=2022
|estimate=4764
|estref=<ref name="2022est">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Guerneville%20CDP,%20California&y=2022|title=ACS Survey Population Estimate}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S Census 1880, 1940,<ref name="1860Census">{{cite web|url=https://dof.ca.gov/reports/demographic-reports/|title=Population Totals by Township and Place for California Counties: 1860 to 1950|publisher=dof.ca.gov}}</ref>
1980-2020<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US0631470&y=2020&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ Race and Ethnicity
! Racial and ethnic composition
! 2000<ref name=datacensus2000p2>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US0631470&y=2000&d=DEC+Redistricting+Data+(PL+94-171)&tid=DECENNIALPL2000.PL002|publisher=US Census Bureau|title=2000: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)}}</ref>
! 2010<ref name=datacensus2010p2>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US0631470&y=2010&d=DEC+Redistricting+Data+(PL+94-171)&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=US Census Bureau|title=2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)}}</ref>
! 2020<ref name=datacensus2020p2>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US0631470&y=2020&d=DEC+Redistricting+Data+(PL+94-171)&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=US Census Bureau|title=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)}}</ref>
|-
! [[Non-Hispanic whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
| 80.21%
| 80.83%
| 73.22%
|-
! [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino (of any race)]]
| 14.54%
| 12.2%
| 15.88%
|-
! [[Multiracial American|Two or more races (non-Hispanic)]]
| 3.2%
| 3.6%
| 6.46%
|-
! [[African American|Black or African American (non-Hispanic)]]
| 0.53%
| 0.64%
| 1.3%
|-
! [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American (non-Hispanic)]]
| 0.57%
| 1.08%
| 1.25%
|-
! [[Asian American|Asian (non-Hispanic)]]
| 0.57%
| 0.99%
| 0.97%
|-
! Other (non-Hispanic)
| 0.16%
| 0.44%
| 0.9%
|-
! [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic)]]
| 0.2%
| 0.22%
| 0.02%
|}

===2010===
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] Guerneville had a population of 4,534. The population density was {{convert|458.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Guerneville was 3,926 (86.6%) White, 31 (0.7%) African American, 68 (1.5%) Native American, 47 (1.0%) Asian, 12 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 226 (5.0%) from other races, and 224 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 553 people (12.2%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0631470|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715025330/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0631470|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Guerneville CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref>

The census reported that 99.1% of the population lived in households and 0.9% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 2,305 households, 407 (17.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 583 (25.3%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 197 (8.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 112 (4.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 175 (7.6%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 176 (7.6%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 984 households (42.7%) were one person and 235 (10.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 1.95. There were 892 families (38.7% of households); the average family size was 2.74.

The age distribution was 643 people (14.2%) under the age of 18, 306 people (6.7%) aged 18 to 24, 1,042 people (23.0%) aged 25 to 44, 1,932 people (42.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 611 people (13.5%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 48.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.3 males.

There were 3,343 housing units at an average density of {{convert|338.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 56.2% were owner-occupied and 43.8% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.7%. 56.2% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 42.9% lived in rental housing units.

In 2015, estimated median household income was $44,127, median family income was $53,250 and per capita income was $35,391, according to the 2011-15 American Community Survey (ACS), U.S. Census Bureau.

===2000===
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]], there were 2,441 people, 1,097 households, and 523 families in the CDP.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> The population density was 743/sq mi (287/km{{sup|2}}). There were 1,463 housing units at an average density of {{convert|445|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2010 census|racial makeup]] of the CDP was 87.42% White, 0.70% African American, 1.07% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 4.51% from other races, and 5.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.54% of the population.

Of the 1,097 households 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.4% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.3% were non-families. 34.8% of households were one person and 8.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.86.

The age distribution was 19.7% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 32.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.3 males.

The median household income was $37,266 and the median family income was $45,875. Males had a median income of $32,350 versus $31,429 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,793. About 13.5% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, 90% of Guerneville residents spoke [[English language|English]] as their primary language, while 10% did not. Of these, 6% spoke [[Spanish language|Spanish]], 1% spoke [[Russian language|Russian]], 1% spoke [[French language|French]], 1% spoke [[German language|German]], 1% spoke [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], less than 1% spoke "other [[West Germanic languages]]," [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] and [[Thai language|Thai]].<ref name="mla">[http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_primary MLA Data Center] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801065542/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_primary |date=2008-08-01 }}, access date July 31, 2008</ref>

==Economy==
===Tourism===
Guerneville includes a plaza in the town center with permanent chess tables, and small shops. A public beach area along the Russian River is used for fishing, swimming, boating, and sunbathing.

====LGBTQ+ community====
Guerneville is an [[LGBTQ+]] vacation destination, and hosts an annual Russian River Pride Parade and Celebration. Guerneville also hosts a Women's Weekend in the summer, and hosts [[Bear (gay slang)|gay bear]] charity events for the LGBTQ+ community, including Lazy Bear Weekend in late July or early August, and Polar Bear Weekend in mid-January.<ref name="lazybear">{{cite web |url=http://www.castrobear.com/LazyBearWeekend/index.html |title=CastroBear |access-date=July 31, 2008 |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708123359/http://www.castrobear.com/LazyBearWeekend/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="lazyweekend">{{cite web |url=http://www.russianriver.com/ |title=Lazy Bear Weekend at the Russian River |date=2008 |access-date=July 31, 2008}}</ref><ref name="polarbear">{{cite web |url=http://www.bearotic.com/2009/01/04/polar-bear-weekend-at-the-russian-river/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107210001/http://www.bearotic.com/2009/01/04/polar-bear-weekend-at-the-russian-river/ |title=Polar Bear Weekend at the Russian River |archive-date=January 7, 2009 |access-date=January 19, 2009}}</ref> Guerneville is also home to the Russian River Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, a chapter of the [[Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence]], which holds entertainment events in various venues along the [[Russian River (California)|Russian River]], including monthly bingo games.<ref name="SPI">[[Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence|SPI]]</ref><ref name="RussianRiver">[[Russian River (California)|Russian River]]</ref>

There are several LGBT-friendly clubs and bars in Guerneville.

==Parks and recreation==
[[Image:Russian river bridge.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Old Russian River Bridge]]
Places of interest include [[Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve]] and the adjacent [[Austin Creek State Recreation Area]], the [[Russian River (California)|Russian River]] with its meandering flow and wildlife, Johnson's Beach, which hosted the Russian River Jazz and Blues festival In the past and provides summer swimming and boating, and the close proximity of the Pacific Ocean.

==Government==
In the [[California State Legislature]], Guerneville is in {{Representative|casd|2|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|2|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
| title = Statewide Database
| publisher = UC Regents
| access-date = December 5, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
| archive-date = February 1, 2015
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Guerneville is in {{Representative|cacd|2|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|2|access-date=March 8, 2013}}</ref>

==Education==
The Guerneville School District includes the Guerneville School, a K-8 school, established in 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gs-ges-ca.schoolloop.com/cms/page_view?d=x&piid=&vpid=1290582850636|title=Guerneville School: Home Page|website=gs-ges-ca.schoolloop.com}}</ref>

==Media==
Guerneville/lower Russian River events receive daily coverage by the Santa Rosa ''Press Democrat''{{'s}} "hyperlocal" online Towns section.<ref>Santa Rosa Press Democrat</ref>

Guerneville is the home of non-commercial radio station [[KGGV-LP|KGGV-FM]], 95.1 MHz.

The Russian River area occasionally appears in local and/or national news due to significant winter flooding, the worst of which occurred in 1986. Because much of the housing is elevated, thanks in large part to FEMA grants, floods no longer have the impact they once did and recovery for most residents and businesses is much faster than in earlier times. The effects of floods are mitigated by the extensive upstream [[floodplain]] storage capacity of the [[Laguna de Santa Rosa]].

==Filming location==
Guerneville's older [[truss bridge|metal truss bridge]] can be filmed from the newer bridge, and made an appearance in the movie [[Mumford (film)|''Mumford'']] (1999) as a location for people to walk and talk in idyllic settings. The independent film ''[[Deep Dark Canyon]]'' (2012) was filmed in Guerneville. Surrounding communities were also regular filming locations for the 1960s television series ''[[Combat!]]''

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Schubert |first=John |year=2016 |title=Guerneville: Early Days: A History of the Lower Russian River |edition=3rd |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Schuler Book |isbn=9781943359424 |oclc=983424073}}
* Sonoma County Genealogical Society. Portraits of Early Sonoma County Settlers., pp.71-87. Santa Rosa, California: Caiifornia Genealogical Society, 2016, ISBN 978--1-365-13126-4
==External links==
{{wikivoyage|Guerneville}}

{{SF Bay Area}}
{{Sonoma County, California}}
{{Russian River}}
{{American gay villages}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Unincorporated communities in Sonoma County, California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Sonoma County, California]]
[[Category:Gay villages in California]]
[[Category:LGBTQ culture in the San Francisco Bay Area]]