Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Baja Beach Club

2023-12-09T00:40:20Z

Jordiferrer: photo

[[File:Barcelona 2006 (2843574237).jpg|thumb|Baja Beach Club in 2006, Barcelona.]]
The '''Baja Beach Club''' was an exclusive [[nightclub]] in [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]].

The club made worldwide news in 2004, when it began offering to implant [[VeriChip]]s into its [[VIP]] customers for identification purposes.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTs48E0NFXI][http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3697940.stm] The club was criticised for making the implanted chips difficult to remove.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/10/05/spark.bajabeach/ CNN - The Price to pay for VIP status]</ref> The scheme has drawn strong criticism from civil liberty movements as well as religious organisations.{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}}

At the location of the Baja Beach Club is now operates the Opium Mar Club, with a different concept.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Spain}}

{{catalonia-stub}}
{{spain-stub}}

[[Category:Nightclubs in Spain]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Barcelona]]

Éric Barone

2023-10-18T15:12:47Z

Jordiferrer: adding a link

{{short description|French sportsman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{distinguish||text=the video game designer [[Eric Barone (developer)|Eric Barone]]}}
{{Infobox cyclist
| name = Éric Barone
| image =
| caption = Éric Barone at the 2019 Geneva book fair
| nickname = Le Baron Rouge (The Red Baron)
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1960|11|4}}
| birth_place = [[Oyonnax]], [[France]]
| currentteam =
| discipline =
| role =
| ridertype = High speed specialist
}}

'''Éric Barone''' (born 4 November 1960 in [[Oyonnax]], [[France]]) is a French sportsman. He holds the world downhill speed record for bicycle, on both snow and gravel.<ref>[[L'Humanité]] [https://www.humanite.fr/node/385557 Éric Barone, le mec tout terrain] April 1999</ref> On snow, his downhill speed record is {{convert|227.720|km/h|mph}} achieved on 18 March 2017, on the speed snow track at [[Vars, Hautes-Alpes|Vars]], France<ref>{{Citation|last=Eric BARONE|title=(OFFICIAL) Eric Barone - 227,720 km/h (141.498 mph) - Mountain Bike World Speed Record - 2017|date=2017-03-19|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gBqbNUtr3c |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/7gBqbNUtr3c |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live|accessdate=2017-04-02}}{{cbignore}}</ref> while on gravel his downhill speed record is {{convert|172|km/h|mph}},<ref>Bike Forums, "[http://www.bikeforums.net/archive/index.php/t-8836.html Cerro negro record]"</ref> achieved at the [[Cerro Negro|Cerro Negro volcano]], in [[Nicaragua]]. His French nickname is "Baron Rouge", which means Red Baron.

== Early career highlights ==
After some initial jobs, including acting as [[stunt double]] of actors [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Jean-Claude Van Damme]] and [[Adrian Paul]],<ref>Homepage Eric Barone, "[http://www.ericbarone.fr www.ericbarone.fr]"</ref> at 34 he started trying to achieve speed records on a bicycle. Barone achieved the downhill record on snow in 1994, beating the previous record by Christian Taillefer. He broke the record again in 1999 and on 21 April 2000, when he reached {{convert|222|km/h|mph}} at [[Les Arcs|Les Arcs ski resort]], [[France]], using an [[aerodynamic]] prototype bicycle, helmet and clothing.

In 1999 he reached {{convert|118|km/h|mph}} on gravel in [[Hawaii]]. After that, his goal was to show he could be faster on gravel. He discovered the [[Cerro Negro]] volcano in [[Nicaragua]]. Its clean slopes and soft volcanic ash were ideal.

== Record setting ==
In November 2001, he descended that volcano at {{convert|130|km/h|mph}}, beating his previous record achieved in Hawaii. Barone believed he could do more, and decided to try again some time later. On 12 May 2002, he reached {{convert|163|km/h|mph}} on his first attempt, on a serial production bicycle. A few minutes later, he descended again, on a prototype bicycle. He rode {{convert|400|m|ft}}, and just after the computers had registered {{convert|172|km/h|mph}}, the bike sharply entered a section of the hill with a lower [[gradient]], causing the front bicycle fork to break off, and the bicycle and rider to crash hard and tumble down the hill at high speed.<ref>Lugar latino, "[http://videos.lugarlatino.com/video/P4_xlFtcPLk/eric-barone-in-cerro-negro-nicaragua.html Video of Eric Barone in Cerro Negro, Nicaragua]"</ref> The helmet saved his life, but he had several broken ribs and other injuries. Barone said he would never descend again at the [[Cerro Negro]], but announced he was willing to beat again the record on snow in the future. The record using a serial production bicycle on gravel was beaten in 2011, when [[Markus Stöckl]] reached {{convert|164.95|km/h|mph}} on a volcano in Nicaragua.<ref name="markus2011">[http://www.redbull.com/cs/Satellite/en_INT/Video/Markus-St%C3%B6ckl-sets-a-new-speed-record-021243025487018 Downhill moutainbiker Markus Stöckl sets new world speed record]</ref> The prototype bicycle record, on gravel, still belongs to Barone.

During his career, Barone has descended the slopes of [[Mount Fuji]] in [[Japan]], [[Mauna Kea]] and [[Kilauea]] in [[Hawaii]], [[Mount Etna|Etna]] and [[Stromboli]] in [[Sicily]], the [[Nevado de Toluca]] in [[Mexico]], and 20 volcanoes in [[Nicaragua]].<ref name="vol">[http://www.routedesvolcans.com/new/eng/indexus.html Volcano route website]</ref>

== Other work ==
After his records, Barone has worked attracting tourists who want to discover the Volcano route and other sites in [[Nicaragua]].<ref name="vol" /><ref>[http://www.caminovoyage.com/en Camino Voyage website]</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Cycling records]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barone, Eric}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Oyonnax]]
[[Category:Cyclists from Ain]]
[[Category:French male cyclists]]

List of cycling records

2023-10-18T15:10:58Z

Jordiferrer: adding 2017 downhill record

{{Short description|A list of records completed on a bicycle}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
Certified and recognized '''cycling records''' are those verified by the [[Union Cycliste Internationale]], [[International Human Powered Vehicle Association]] and [[World Human Powered Vehicle Association]], [[Guinness World Records]], [[International Olympic Committee]], World UltraCycling Association (formerly Ultra Marathon Cycling Association), the UK [[Road Records Association]] or other accepted authorities.

Most records have been completed under special rules and circumstances, such as being [[Motor-paced racing|motor-paced]], on terrain advantageous for speed (such as downhill or low-friction surfaces), or using highly aerodynamic cycles (for example, [[recumbent bicycle]]s). As cycling is a diverse activity with vast differences between equipment, disciplines, and terrain, there is no one record that can popularly be considered a benchmark for “fastest cyclist”. The [[hour record]] is generally considered the most prestigious, due to its long history and standardization of rules.

== Speed record on a bicycle ==
The table below shows the records people have attained while riding bicycles.

===Land speed record (outdoor)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name
! Year
! Speed
! Type of record
|-
|[[Denise Mueller-Korenek]]
|2018
|{{convert|296.009|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|Flat surface (outdoor), [[Motor-paced racing|motor-paced]]<ref name="Mueller-Korenek Guiness">{{Cite web|date=2018-09-21|title=A history of cycling speed records as Denise Mueller-Korenek reaches 183 mph|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2018/9/a-history-of-cycling-speed-records-as-denise-mueller-koronek-reaches-183-mph-541481|access-date=2020-11-18|website=Guinness World Records}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bikeradar.com/us/road/news/article/cycling-land-speed-record-52942/|title=Cycling land speed record smashed on Bonneville Salt Flats|work=BikeRadar|access-date=2018-09-17}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|id=X-FC1wMPu8Q|183.932mph 2018 WORLD RECORD Project Speed Denise Mueller-Korenek's Record Run Sept 16 2018 – 4:19pm}}</ref>
|-
| [[Fred Rompelberg]]
| 1995
| {{convert|268.831|km/h|abbr=on}}
| Flat surface (outdoor), [[Motor-paced racing|motor-paced]], male.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-bicycle-speed-(in-slipstream) |title=Fastest bicycle speed in a slipstream (male) |access-date=26 August 2018 |website=guinnessworldrecords.com}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|id=A5wmkXu_v2k&t=8s|Fred Rompelberg 268km}}</ref>
|-
| [[Eric Barone]]
| 2017
| {{convert|227.72|km/h|abbr=on}}
| Downhill on snow (outdoor), unpaced, on a [[Prototype#Differences between a prototype and a production design|prototype]] bicycle<ref name ="record2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bikeradar.com/mtb/news/article/eric-barone-record-49423/|title = Watch Eric Barone hit 141mph in this incredibly sketchy top speed run}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|id=7gBqbNUtr3c|(OFFICIAL) Eric Barone – {{convert|227,720|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} – Mountain Bike World Speed Record – 2017}}</ref>
|-
| [[Eric Barone]]
| 2015
| {{convert|223.3|km/h|abbr=on}}
| Downhill on snow (outdoor), unpaced, on a [[Prototype#Differences between a prototype and a production design|prototype]] bicycle<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkbike.com/news/eric-barone-breaks-the-new-world-speed-record-by-bike-2015.html|title=Eric Barone Breaks World Speed Record by Bike – the Full Story|date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|id=WpAKB75c0xU&t=3s|(OFFICIAL) Eric Barone – {{convert|223,30|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} – World mountain bike speed record – VSC 2015}}</ref>
|-
| [[Eric Barone]]
| 2000
| {{convert|222.22|km/h|abbr=on}}
| Downhill on snow (outdoor), unpaced, on a [[Prototype#Differences between a prototype and a production design|prototype]] bicycle<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunshineworldfrance.com/activities_les_arcs.php |title=(Winter) – Les Arcs – Activities |publisher=Sunshine World France |access-date=30 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229090042/http://www.sunshineworldfrance.com/activities_les_arcs.php |archive-date=29 February 2012 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Markus Stöckl]]
| 2007
| {{convert|210.4|km/h|abbr=on}}
| Downhill on snow (outdoor), unpaced, on a serial production bicycle<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinkbike.com/news/speed-biking-world-record-2007.html |title=World record shattered! Speed biking on snow at 210 km/h. |publisher=Pinkbike |access-date=30 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717213405/http://www.pinkbike.com/news/speed-biking-world-record-2007.html |archive-date=17 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|id=7gBqbNUtr3c}}</ref>
|-
| [[Markus Stöckl]]
| 2017
| {{convert|167.6|km/h|abbr=on}}
| Downhill on a volcano (outdoor), unpaced, on a serial production bicycle<ref name="markus2017"/><ref>{{YouTube|id=RFwrGa6IswY|Markus Stöckl sets new downhill mountain bike speed record at 167.6 kmh}}</ref>
|-
| [[Todd Reichert]]
| 2016
| {{convert|144.17|km/h|abbr=on}}
| Slight downhill (-0.6% grade) (outdoor), on a Faired Recumbent,<ref name="amateur survey"/> unpaced<ref name="2016WHPSC">{{cite web |url=http://www.ihpva.org/home/?view=plink&id=27 |title=New World Records at WHPSC 2016 |publisher=[[International Human Powered Vehicle Association]] |access-date=22 September 2016}} {{cite web |url=http://www.recumbents.com/wisil/whpsc2016/results.htm |title=2016 200 Meter Results |publisher=wisil.recumbents.com |access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ilona Peltier]]
| 2019
| {{convert|126.52|km/h|abbr=on}}
| Slight downhill (-0.6% grade) (outdoor), on a Faired Recumbent,<ref name="amateur survey">{{cite web|url=http://www.mapmyride.com/us/battle-mountain-nv/battle-mountain-worlds-fastest-bicycle-c-route-4928106|title=amateur survey|access-date=13 November 2017}}</ref> unpaced<ref name="2019WHPSC">{{cite web|url=http://www.ihpva.org/home/?view=plink&id=45|title=New Records at WHPSC 2019|date=24 September 2019|website=ihpva.org|publisher=[[International Human Powered Vehicle Association]]|access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref>
|}

===Treadmill speed record (indoor)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name
! Year
! Speed
! Type of record
|-
| [[Bruce Bursford]]
| 1996
| {{convert|334.6|km/h|abbr=on}}
| Flat surface (indoor), Virtual "[[Motor-paced racing|motor-paced]]" (Pedaling on bicycle rollers after being "towed" to 100 mph)<ref name=":0">{{cite news| title=£1m bike breaks record by going nowhere|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/pounds-1m-bike-breaks-record-by-going-nowhere-1597625.html | location=London | work=The Independent | first=Jojo | last=Moyes | date=24 August 1995}}</ref>
|}

=== History of unpaced records ===
The [[International Human Powered Vehicle Association]] (IHPVA) acts as the sanctioning body for new records in human-powered land, water, and air vehicles. It registers non-motor-paced records (also called unpaced), which means that the bicycle directly faces the wind without any motor-pacing vehicle in front.

On land, the speed record registered by a rider on a 200-meter flying start speed trial was {{convert|133.28|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} by the Canadian [[Sam Whittingham]] riding the Varna Tempest, a [[streamliner]] [[recumbent bicycle]] in 2009,<ref name="2009WHPSC">{{cite web |url=http://www.recumbents.com/wisil/whpsc2009/results.htm |title=2009 200 Meter Results |publisher=wisil.recumbents.com |access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref> at [[Battle Mountain, Nevada]]. His record has been surpassed by 0.5 km/h by Sebastiaan Bowier of the Netherlands in 2013 setting the new record of {{convert|133.78|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The record was again surpassed on 19 September 2015 by Todd Reichert by riding the ETA, a streamlined recumbent bicycle at {{cvt|86.65|mph|km/h|order=flip}} from the team behind the [[AeroVelo Atlas]] [[human-powered helicopter]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/the-aerovelo-eta-is-officially-the-fastest-bike-ever-192495 |title=The Aerovelo Eta is officially the fastest bike ever |date=22 September 2015 |publisher=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.design-engineering.com/general/canadas-aerovelo-breaks-human-powered-land-speed-record-136950/ |title=Canada's AeroVelo breaks human-powered land speed record |date=18 September 2015 |publisher=www.design-engineering.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102163114/http://www.design-engineering.com/general/canadas-aerovelo-breaks-human-powered-land-speed-record-136950/ |archive-date=2 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Todd Reichert broke his own record again on September 17, 2016, to set a speed of {{cvt|89.58|mph|km/h|order=flip}} at the 2016 WHPSC.<ref name="2016WHPSC"/>

The female record holder for this same category was Lisa Vetterlein, who reached {{convert|107.16|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} in 2005.<ref name="2005WHPSC">{{cite web |url=http://www.recumbents.com/wisil/whpsc2005/results.htm |title=2005 200 Meter Results |publisher=wisil.recumbents.com |access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref> This record was beaten by [[Barbara Buatois]] of France, when she reached {{convert|121.44|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} at Battle Mountain in 2009.<ref name="2009WHPSC"/> She subsequently achieved {{convert|121.81|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} at the 2010 running of the Battle Mountain event.<ref name="2010WHPSC">{{cite web |url=http://www.wisil.recumbents.com/wisil/whpsc2010/results.htm |title=World Human Powered Speed Challenge 2010 200 Meter Results |publisher=wisil.recumbents.com}}</ref> This record was beaten on 13 sept 2019 by [[Ilona Peltier]] of France, at {{cvt|126.52|km/h}} at the 2019 WHPSC event.<ref name="2019WHPSC">{{cite web|url=http://www.ihpva.org/home/?view=plink&id=45|title=New Records at WHPSC 2019|date=24 September 2019|website=ihpva.org|publisher=[[International Human Powered Vehicle Association]]|access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref>

=== History of motor-paced records ===
{{main|Motor-paced racing}}
Motor pacing is a type of cycling record where a pace vehicle is modified by adding a tail fairing to keep the wind off the cyclist who is riding behind it. This type of record was invented by Charles "[[Mile-a-Minute Murphy]]" who drafted a train to set a {{convert|96|km/h|abbr=on}} record in 1899. A mile of plywood sheets was attached to the railroad ties, so Charles would have a smooth surface riding behind the train.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teammccallusa.com/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929025035/http://www.teammccallusa.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-09-29 |title=Gordon McCall Challenge history of the Land Speed Record |publisher=teammccallusa }}</ref><ref name="motorpaced">{{cite web |url=http://lostajas.blogspot.com/2009/03/volando-bajo.html |title=Photos and history of motor paced records |date=26 March 2009 |language =es}}</ref>

In 1928, Leon Vanderstuyft from Belgium reached 122 km/h riding behind a motorbike at a [[velodrome]].<ref name="motorpaced"/> Alexis Blanc-Garin from France set the record to 128.20 km/h in October 1933 riding behind a motorbike.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://imageevent.com/dernysportuk/stayerpictures;jsessionid=4envui98y4.zebra_s?p=954&n=1&m=-1&c=2&l=0&w=4&s=0&z=2 |title=Photo 955 of 1232, European Stayers |publisher=Imageevent.com |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref> Albert Marquet, from France, reached 139.90 km/h riding behind a car in 1937.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sites.google.com/a/mpstraining.com/services/a-60-tooth-chainring |title=a 60 tooth chainring}} {{dead link|date=July 2012}}</ref> On 22 October 1938, [[Alfred Letourneur]] reached 147 km/h at a [[velodrome]] in [[Montlhéry]], France, riding behind a motorbike.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raleighbikes.com/home.html |title=Mountain Bikes History |publisher=raleighbikes.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719005424/http://www.raleighbikes.com/home.html |archive-date=19 July 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 17 May 1941 Letourneur broke the record again, reaching {{convert|175|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} on a Schwinn bicycle riding behind a specially equipped [[Midget car racing|midget racer]], on a Los Angeles freeway near [[Bakersfield]], California.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bicyclemuseum.com/assets/Letourner.pdf | title=Letourner}}</ref>

The first to surpass 200 km/h was the Frenchman [[Jose Meiffret]] in 1962, when he reached {{convert|204|km/h|abbr=on}} behind a [[Mercedes-Benz]] 300SL car on a German motorway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cycling.ahands.org/bicycling/datewithdeath.html |title=Date with Death |publisher=Cycling.ahands.org |date=19 July 1962 |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref>

Allan Abbott, a cycling enthusiast and motorcycle racer, elevated the motor-paced bicycle speed record at the [[Bonneville Salt Flats]], reaching {{convert|223|km/h|abbr=on}} in 1973. [[John Howard (cyclist)|John Howard]], Olympic cyclist and [[Ironman triathlon]] winner, reset the record to {{convert|244|km/h|abbr=on}}, also at the Bonneville Salt Flats, on 20 July 1985.

[[Fred Rompelberg]] from [[Maastricht]], Netherlands was the holder of the motor-paced speed world record cycling with {{convert|268.831|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} from 1995 to 2018.<ref name = record>{{cite news |last1=Kragen |first1=Pam |title=San Diego woman officially the fastest bicyclist on Earth |work=San Diego Union Tribune |date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> He used a special bicycle behind a dragster of the Strasburg Drag Racing Team at the Bonneville Salt Flats.

[[Denise Mueller-Korenek]] claimed a women's bicycle land speed record at {{convert|147|mph|abbr=on}} at the Bonneville Salt Flats on 10 September 2016. Mueller was coached by former record holder John Howard.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2016/09/news/ca-woman-rides-her-bicycle-147-mph-a-new-world-record_420507 |title=American woman rides bike 147 mph, a new world record |author=Kristen Legan |publisher=velonews.com |access-date=14 September 2016}}</ref> On 17 September 2018, again at Bonneville, she took the outright world record, riding a special KHS bike with a 62Tx12T gear (488 gear-inches) to a new overall record top speed of 183.{{convert|183|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} behind a converted rail dragster with a fairing.<ref name="Mueller-Korenek Guiness"/>

=== History of downhill records ===
During the last decade of the 20th century, two Frenchmen, [[Eric Barone]] and Christian Taillefer, set the speed record descending on snow several times. On 28 March 2015, Eric Barone reached {{convert|223.3|km/h|abbr=on}} at [[Vars, Hautes-Alpes|Vars]] ski resort, France, besting his own record from 2000, using a specially designed prototype bicycle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pinkbike.com/news/eric-barone-breaks-the-new-world-speed-record-by-bike-2015.html |title=Eric Barone Breaks World Speed Record by Bike |date=2 April 2015 |publisher=www.pinkbike.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407013656/http://www.pinkbike.com/news/eric-barone-breaks-the-new-world-speed-record-by-bike-2015.html |archive-date=7 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017 Barone achieved a new downhill record on snow reaching 227.72 km/h using a prototype bicycle.<ref name ="record2017"/>

Using a serial production bicycle, as opposed to prototype bicycles, the record holder is [[Markus Stöckl]] from Austria. He set a world speed record in 1999 on snow, descending at {{convert|187|km/h|abbr=on}} at [[Les Arcs]]. On 14 September 2007, Stöckl rode an Intense M6 mountainbike down the ski slope of [[La Parva]], Chile, reaching the current record of {{convert|210|km/h|abbr=on}}.

The top descending speeds have always been obtained on snow. Apart from that, the ashes of a volcano have been the other surface used. In November 2001, [[Eric Barone]] descended on the [[Cerro Negro]] volcano in [[Nicaragua]] at {{convert|130|km/h|abbr=on}}, beating his previous record achieved in [[Hawaii]] in 1999. Barone believed he could do more, and returned to the same location on 12 May 2002 when he reached {{convert|163|km/h|abbr=on}} on a serial production bicycle and {{convert|172|km/h|abbr=on}}, on a prototype bicycle, a world record.<ref name="motorpaced"/> Markus Stöckl did beat the serial production bicycle record in 2011 when he reached {{convert|164.95|km/h|abbr=on}} on a volcano in Nicaragua and again in 2017 when he reached {{convert|167.6|km/h|abbr=on}} down a volcano in Chile.<ref name="markus2017">{{cite web|url=http://www.redbull.com/en/bike/stories/1331843662749/max-stockl-worlds-fastest-mtb-bike-v-max-project|title=This biker went 167kph down a mountain|publisher=www.redbull.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227083730/http://www.redbull.com/en/bike/stories/1331843662749/max-stockl-worlds-fastest-mtb-bike-v-max-project|archive-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The prototype bicycle record, on a volcano, still belongs to Barone.

== Hour records ==
{{Main|Hour record}}
The [[hour record]] for bicycles is the record for the longest distance cycled in one hour on a bicycle. The most famous type of record is for [[upright bicycle]]s meeting the requirements of the [[Union Cycliste Internationale]] (UCI). Hour-record attempts are made in a [[velodrome]], frequently at high elevation for the aerodynamic benefit of thinner air. Between 1997 and 2014 the UCI retrospectively restricted hour record competitors to roughly the same equipment as was used by [[Eddy Merckx]] in his 1972 record. In 2014, the UCI changed the hour record rules to permit using any upright bike allowed for endurance track events. However, other retrospective changes to hour record regulations are why the current hour records are not the farthest absolute distance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/hour-record-rule-change-athletes-hour-scrapped-123397|title=Hour Record rule change — Athlete's hour to be scrapped|date=15 May 2014|work=Cycling Weekly|access-date=18 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2014/05/bikes-and-tech/uci-changes-hour-record-regulations-allows-modern-track-bikes_328018|title=UCI changes hour record regulations, allows modern track bikes |work=VeloNews.com|access-date=18 September 2014}}</ref>

The UCI hour records {{as of|2022|8|19|lc=y}} are:
* UCI men's record: [[Filippo Ganna]] {{flagicon|ITA}}, 2022, {{convert|56.792|km||abbr=}} <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.uci.org/pressrelease/filippo-ganna-breaks-the-uci-hour-record-timed-by-tissot/82aysypXuU0sdkVD69YVI |title= Filippo Ganna breaks the UCI Hour Record timed by Tissot |date=19 August 2022 |website=uci.org}}</ref>
* UCI women's record: [[Ellen van Dijk]] {{flagicon|NED}}, 2022, {{convert|49.254|km}} <ref>{{Cite web |last=Puddicombe |first=Stephen |date=2022-05-23 |title=Ellen van Dijk covers 49.254km to set new women's hour record |url=https://www.velonews.com/news/road/ellen-van-dijk-covers-49-254km-to-set-new-womens-hour-record/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=VeloNews.com}}</ref>

Another type of record registered by the [[International Human Powered Vehicle Association]] (IHPVA) and the [[World Human Powered Vehicle Association]] (WHPVA) is for human-powered machines, typically fully [[Streamliner|streamlined]] [[recumbent bicycles]]. These feature a lower frontal area than a UCI bicycle due to their recumbent seating design of the rider. They enclose the rider and machine in aerodynamic shapes made of carbon fiber, Kevlar, or fiberglass to reduce air resistance. A further type of record is for partially streamlined recumbents, which are open but have either a windshield in front or a streamlined tail-box in the rear. This is registered by the World Recumbent Racing Association (WRRA).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.recumbents.com/wrra/ |title=WRRA Homepage}}</ref>

* Streamlined recumbent bicycle (bicycle and rider enclosed in an aerodynamic shell): Francesco Russo of Switzerland set a new World Record by covering {{convert|91.556|km|mi|abbr=on}} in one hour at the DEKRA test track in Germany on 2 August 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bentrideronline.com/?p=5679 |title=New Hour World Record! |publisher=Bentrideronline.com |date=12 August 2011 |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref> This record is approved by the WHPVA. On 19 July 2009, [[Sam Whittingham]] at the Ford Motor Company's 5-mile oval test track in Romeo, Michigan, achieved 90.598 km. This record was approved by the [[IHPVA]] and WHPVA committees. In 2008, Damjan Zabovnik achieved 87.123 km <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ihpva.org/hpvarec3.htm#nom27 |title=International Human Powered Vehicle Association |publisher=IHPVA |access-date=30 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814062024/http://www.ihpva.org/hpvarec3.htm#nom27 |archive-date=14 August 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* Non-streamlined Recumbent Bicycle (no shell, only disk wheels, and rider sitting on top frame). The best mark was achieved by Aurelien Bonneteau, a French rider at the Bordeaux velodrome. He rode a bicycle with a nearly horizontal seat to allow his back to lie flat, two standard sized wheels, an elliptical chainring, and shortened pedal arms to reduce the air volume swept out by his legs. His distance was {{convert|56.696|km|mi|abbr=on}}, on 16 July 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.recumbents.com/wisil/fastest_list.asp |title=Fastest Human List Records |publisher=recumbents.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.recumbents.com/forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=5571 |title=New unfaired hour attempt, 16 july |publisher=recumbents.com}}</ref>

==24 Hours record==
Please note that some records are made with at least one of the following beneficial factors: streamlined bicycles, being part of a 4x4 relay team, being in other aerodynamically favorable conditions such as behind trucks, special support teams, supplements etc. Different race locations (including elevation), weather conditions, etc. all do come into play.

=== Men's Road records ===
* [[Charles Terront]] is claimed to have covered {{convert|339|mi|km|0}} in 1879.<ref name="Braq">{{cite web |url=http://lepetitbraquet.free.fr/chron6_charles_terront.htm |title=Le Petit Braquet – Charles Terront |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401205818/http://lepetitbraquet.free.fr/chron6_charles_terront.htm |archive-date=1 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Dubious|date=February 2012}}
* [[George Pilkington Mills]] set the record at {{convert|259|mi|km|0}} circa 1890.
* [[Cyril Heppleston]] set the road record at {{convert|478.5|mi|km|0}} circa 1938.<ref name="GlobeDec39" />
* [[Hubert Opperman]] set the road record at {{convert|505.75|mi|km|0}} in [[Melbourne]] on 5 December 1939.<ref name="GlobeDec39">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article180255167 |title=Opperman's world record. Tacks On 37¼ Miles To 24 Hours Distance |newspaper=[[The Sporting Globe]] |location=Melbourne |date=6 December 1939 |page=9|edition=2|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
* [[Roy Cromack]] set the road record at {{convert|507.00|mi|km|0}} in 24 hours in UK in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thepedalclub.org/archives/roy-cromack/ |title=The Pedal Club Golden Book – Citation for Roy Cromack|publisher= The Pedal Club}}</ref>
* [[Jean-Pascal Roux]] set the road record at {{convert|521.33|mi|km|0}} in 24 hours at [[Caderousse]] on 18 June 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/24-hour-world-record-broken |title=24-hour world record broken. Frenchman covers 839 kilometres in 24 hours |website=CyclingNews.com |date=18 June 2009}}</ref>
* Christian von Ascheberg set the human powered vehicle (HPV) land distance record at {{convert|757|mi|km|0}} in 24 hours in a Milan SL [[velomobile]] at the [[Dekra|DEKRA]] test track in Germany on 1 August 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whpva.org/land.html#380 |title=Land, Men's 24 hour standing start (Single rider) |publisher=World Human Powered Vehicle Association |access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref>
* [[Andy Wilkinson (cyclist)|Andy Wilkinson]] set the UK 24-hour time trial record at {{convert|541.214|mi|km|0}} on 24/25 June 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.24hourfellowship.org.uk/result.php?event=ESCA&eventyear=2011 |title=Result - 2011 Sussex 24 Hour Time Trial, Promoted by East Sussex Cycling Association |publisher=24hourfellowship.org.uk}}</ref>
*Stanislav Verstovšek set the 24 hour road record at {{convert|567.946|mi|km}} in [[Dobrovnik]], Slovenia on 2 October 2020.<ref name="WUCA timed Records" />
*[[Christoph Strasser]] set the 24 hour road record at {{convert|637.66|mi|km}} in [[Zeltweg Air Base|Zeltweg]], Austria on 16 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timed |url=https://ultracycling.com/timed/ |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=World UltraCycling Association |language=en-US}}</ref>
*Michael Secrest set the record for 1216 miles outdoors in US by drafting behind 18 wheel truck <ref>{{Cite web |title=24 - Hour - Outdoor - Track - Michael - Secrest |url=https://ultracycling.com/record/24-hour-outdoor-track-michael-secrest/ |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=World UltraCycling Association |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Women's Road record ===
* [[Beatrice Grimshaw]] claimed to have broken the women's road record c. 1900<ref>{{cite web|last1=Newmann|first1=Kate|title=Beatrice Grimshaw|url=http://www.newulsterbiography.co.uk/index.php/home/viewPerson/587#|website=Dictionary of Ulster Biography|publisher=the Institute of Irish Studies of the Queens University of Belfast|access-date=6 August 2016|quote=She was a keen cyclist, and broke the women's world 24 hour record by five hours.}}</ref> however the distance ridden is unclear, no authority has recognised the record and there are doubts about her claim.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Laracy|first1=Hugh|title=Grimshaw, Beatrice Ethel (1870–1953) |url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/grimshaw-beatrice-ethel-6494| journal=Australian Dictionary of Biography|volume=9 |publisher=Australian National University |year=1983 |access-date=7 August 2016|quote=She was interested in competitive cycling and showed her tendency to romanticize herself claiming a world record for a 24-hour ride; experts doubt the claim.}}</ref>
* [[Edith Atkins]] set the women's road record at {{convert|422|mi|km}} on 12 July 1953.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thepedalclub.org/archives/Edith-Atkins |title=The Pedal Club Golden Book – Edith Atkins |publisher=The Pedal Club |date=12 August 1953}}</ref>
* [[Christine Moody]] set the women's record at {{convert|427.86|mi|km}} in July 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cycling Time Trials: Women – Bicycle – Individual|url=https://www.cyclingtimetrials.org.uk/articles/view/130|access-date=2020-07-23|website=www.cyclingtimetrials.org.uk|date=10 October 2016}}</ref>
* Sandy Earl set a new road record at {{convert|442.46|mi|km}} on 14 August 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ultraracenews.com/2011/10/07/sandy-earl-new-12-24-hr-umca-record-holder-2/ | title = Sandy Earl – New 12 & 24 Hr UMCA Record Holder | publisher = UltraRaceNews | date = 7 October 2011 | access-date = 19 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="WUCA timed Records"/>
* [[Maria Parker]] set a new road record at {{convert|469.198|mi|km}} on 13 October 2012.<ref name="WUCA timed Records">{{cite web|title=World UltraCycling Cycling Association Timed Records|url=https://ultracycling.com/archive/timed/|access-date=2021-08-10|publisher=World UltraCycling Association}}</ref>
*[[Amanda Coker]] set a new road record at {{convert|512.506|mi|km}} on 23 October 2021 becoming the first woman in history to break 500 miles in 24 hours.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amanda Coker - 24 hour Road Record - 2021-10-23|url=https://ultracycling.com/archive/record/amanda-coker-24-hour-road-record-2021-10-23/|access-date=2021-10-29|website=World UltraCycling Association}}</ref>

=== Men's track record ===
* Dr Mitchell Anderson set the 24 hour outdoor track record at {{convert|555.723|mi|km}} at the AARC in [[Wensleydale, Victoria]], Australia on 30 March 2018.<ref name="WUCA timed Records"/>
* [[Ralph Diseviscourt]] set the 24 hour outdoor track record at {{convert|568.8|mi|km}} in Vianden, Luxembourg on 11 July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=Records|date=2020-07-22|title=Ralph Diseviscourt - 24 hour Outdoor Track Record Attempt - July 11-12, 2020|url=https://ultracycling.com/ralph-diseviscourt-24-hour-outdoor-track-record-attempt-july-11-12-2020/|access-date=2020-08-12|website=World UltraCycling Association}}</ref>
*[[Christoph Strasser]] set the indoor track record at {{convert|585.252|mi|km}} at [[Velodrome Suisse]], [[Grenchen]], Switzerland on 14–15 October 2017.<ref name="WUCA timed Records" />

=== Women's track record ===
* Petra von Fintel set the women's human powered vehicle (HPV) land distance record at {{convert|628.82|mi|km|2}} in 24 hours in a Milan velomobile at [[Klettwitz]], Germany on 12 July 2015.<ref name="Womens 24 WHPVA">{{cite web |url=http://www.whpva.org/land.html#381 |title=Land – Women's 24 hour standing start (single rider) |publisher=World Human Powered Vehicle Association |access-date=31 July 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723004041/http://www.whpva.org/land.html |archive-date=23 July 2018 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In July 2018 Nici Walde claims to have ridden {{convert|1088|km|mi|0}} at the [[General Motors Proving Grounds#Testzentrum Dudenhofen|Opel Test Center]] in [[Rodgau#Dudenhofen|Rodgau-Dudenhofen]], Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newatlas.com/nici-walde-hpv-24-hour-record/55677/ |title=Nici Walde sets new women's human-powered 24-hour endurance record |website=NewAtlas.com |date=30 July 2018 |access-date=31 July 2018}}</ref> however {{As of|2018|07|31|df=DMF|lc=y}} the ride is yet to be recognised by the World Human Powered Vehicle Association.<ref name="Womens 24 WHPVA"/>
* [[Elena Novikova]] ([[Ukraine]]) set the women's indoor track record at {{convert|485.687|mi|km|0}}, average speed {{convert|20.24|mph}} at [[Velodromo Fassa Bortolo]] [[Montichiari]], [[Brescia]], Italy on 17 September 2017.<ref name="WUCA timed Records"/>
* [[Seana Hogan]] regained the women's outdoor track record at {{convert|445.78|mi|km|0}}, average speed {{convert|18.57|mph}} at [[Hellyer Park Velodrome]] [[San Jose, California]], United States on 4 May 2012.<ref name="WUCA timed Records"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://worldultracycling.com/hogan-track-12-24-100mi-200mi-2012/ |title=Hogan Reestablishes Outdoor Track Records. Four records fall and once again are hers |publisher=World UltraCycling Association |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102202044/https://worldultracycling.com/hogan-track-12-24-100mi-200mi-2012/ |archive-date=2 November 2018 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Long-distance records ==

===Pembroke to Great Yarmouth===
Pembroke to Great Yarmouth is the traversal of the whole width of the island of [[Wales]] and England between two extremities; Starting in Pembroke in the West and finishing in Great Yarmouth in the East. The record is also known as the Side to Side record. The distance by road using the traditional route is {{convert|349|mi|km}} and the records are maintained by the [[Road Records Association]]. Some of its current records are:
* [[Upright bicycle]]: In October 2018 Nick Clarke claimed the record in 15h 23m 59s,<ref>{{cite web |title=News – Cycling Record Broken {{!}} velouk.net |url=https://www.velouk.net/2018/10/09/news-cycling-record-broken/ |website=www.velouk.net |access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref>
* Women's record: Maria Bloom, 2004, 16h 51m 56s <ref name="Place to Place Records">{{cite web |title=Place to Place Records |url=http://www.rra.org.uk/index.html?ifrm_1=recordsplacetoplace.html |website=www.rra.org.uk |access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref>
* Men's [[Tandem bicycle]] Record: Tim Bayley & Adam Broyad, 2019, 14h 15m 20s.<ref name="Place to Place Records"/><ref>{{cite web |title=VTTA – Side to Side and 12hr Record Broken – Articles |url=https://www.vtta.org.uk/news/321-kents-mens-tandem-sets-two-rra-records-during-pembroke-to-great-yarmouth-place-to-place |website=www.vtta.org.uk |access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref>

===Land's End to John O'Groats===
[[Land's End to John O'Groats]] is the traversal of the whole length of the island of Great Britain between two extremities; in the southwest and northeast. The distance by road using the traditional route is {{convert|874|mi|km}} and the records are maintained by the [[Road Records Association]]. Some of its current records are:
* [[Upright bicycle]]: In June 2018 Michael Broadwith claimed the record in 43h 25m 13s.<ref name="Place to Place Records"/><ref name="Road.cc">{{cite web |url= https://road.cc/content/news/243766-michael-broadwith-smashes-lands-end-john-ogroats-record |title=Michael Broadwith smashes the Land's End to John O'Groats record |date=18 June 2018 |access-date=30 July 2018 |publisher=Road.cc}}</ref>
* Faired [[recumbent bicycle]]: Andy Wilkinson, 1996, 41h 4m 22s.<ref>{{cite web|author=David Larrington |url=http://www.legslarry.beerdrinkers.co.uk/tech/OtherStuff.htm |title=Upright Records and Divers Notable Recumbent Performances |publisher=Legslarry.beerdrinkers.co.uk |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref>
* Women's record: Christina Mackenzie, 2021, 51h 5m 5s.<ref name="Place to Place Records"/><ref name="marlborough">{{cite news |last1=Marlborough |first1=Connor |title=This Scottish woman just smashed the women's Lands End to John O'Groats cycling record |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/christina-mackenzie-scottish-woman-breaks-the-womens-lands-end-to-john-ogroats-cycling-record-3329050 |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=www.scotsman.com }}</ref>
* Women's tricycle record: Jane Moore, 2014, 88h 45m 21s.<ref name="Place to Place Records"/>
* Men's Tandem Record: D Irvine & C Mitchell, 2015, 45h 11m 0s.<ref name="Place to Place Records"/>
* Mixed Tandem Record: A Wilkinson & L E A Taylor ([[Lynne Biddulph]]), 2000, 51h 19m 23s.<ref name="Place to Place Records"/>

===Return journey between Land's End and John O'Groats===
Ben Rockett claimed to have set a record of 141h 8m 0s <ref name=LEJOGLE>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockettrides.com/?page_id=1026 |title=LEJOGLE Record |publisher=RockettRides |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/news/2010/08/25/rockett-speed-for-a-cyclist/|title=Rockett speed for a cyclist!|publisher=Bath University|access-date=30 August 2010 | date=27 August 2010}}</ref> for an [[upright bicycle]] from Land's End to John O'Groats to Land's End, being the return journey of Land's End to John O'Groats. The distance by road using the traditional route is {{convert|1,748|mi|km}}. The precise route he took is not clear as his website says the distance ridden was {{convert|1,880|mi|km}}.<ref name="LEJOGLE"/> Its status as a record however was dubious as no recognised authority certified the record.

In September 2017 James MacDonald set a Guinness world record, starting and finishing at John O'Groats.<ref name="Cyclist.co.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclist.co.uk/news/3360/world-bike-speed-record-john-o-groats-to-land-s-end-and-back-again |title=World Bike Speed Record: John o'Groats to Land's End. And back again |website=cyclist.co.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910195447/http://www.cyclist.co.uk/news/3360/world-bike-speed-record-john-o-groats-to-land-s-end-and-back-again |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Guinness certified the record as covering {{convert|1,725|mi|km}} in 5 days 18 hours and 3 minutes, beating Rockett's time by 3 hours and 5 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fastest return journey from Land's End to John-O'-Groats by bicycle (male)|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/91061-fastest-return-journey-from-lands-end-to-john-o-groats-by-bicycle-male|publisher=Guinness World Records|access-date=8 January 2018}}</ref>

On 3 September 2020, Marcia Roberts became the first female to record the journey starting at Lands End, by bike, in a time of 11 days, 13 hours & 13 minutes and set a Guinness World Record.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fastest return journey from Land's End to John-O'-Groats by bicycle (female)|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/494921-fastest-return-journey-from-lands-end-to-john-o-groats-by-bicycle-female |publisher=Guinness World Records|access-date=30 October 2021}}</ref> On 16 July 2023, Louise Harris successfully completed the return journey in 10 days 5 hours, breaking the original record by over 1 day 8 hours.<ref>{{cite web|title=Louise Harris Breaks the Female Solo LEJOGLE Records (Land's End to John O'Groats and Back) - 10 Days 5 Hours|url=https://velo.chat/viewtopic.php?t=96 |publisher=velo.chat|access-date=16 July 2023}}</ref>

===One Thousand miles===
On 13 March 1940 [[Pat Hawkins (cyclist)|Pat Hawkins]] set the 'World 1,000 mile record' in Perth, having ridden the {{convert|1000|mi}} distance in 4 days, 8 hours and 7 minutes, cutting 9 hours 53 minutes off Vera Unthank's record.<ref name=Globe20Mar40>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article188801039 |title=World's record to W.A. girl |newspaper=[[The Sporting Globe]] |location=Melbourne |date=20 March 1940 |page=9|edition=1|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

*Men's record: Gethin Butler, 2001. After setting the Lands End to John O'Groats record in 2001 Gethin Butler continued to ride, completing 1000 miles in 55 hours 59 minutes 0 seconds.<ref name="RRA Dist">{{cite web |url=http://www.rra.org.uk/index.html?ifrm_1=recordsdistance.html |title=Records Distance | publisher=Road Record Association |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108002822/http://www.rra.org.uk/index.html?ifrm_1=recordsdistance.html |archive-date=8 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*Women's record: Lynne Taylor, 2001. After setting the women's Lands End to John O'Groats record, Lynne Taylor continued to ride, completing 1000 miles in 64 hours and 38 minutes.<ref name="RRA Dist"/>

===Ultra Marathon===
Race Across America, an ultra marathon bicycle race across the United States that started in 1982. The fastest average speed records are:

* Solo man: [[Christoph Strasser]], 2014, who averaged {{convert|16.42|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} riding {{convert|3020|mi|km}} in 7 days, 15 hours, and 56 minutes.<ref name=RAAM_Record>{{cite web |url=http://www.raceacrossamerica.org/raam/raam2.php?N_webcat_id=51 |title=RAAM Records |publisher=Raceacrossamerica.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114172812/http://www.raceacrossamerica.org/raam/raam2.php?N_webcat_id=51 |archive-date=14 January 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=17 November 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* Solo woman: Seana Hogan, 1995, who averaged {{convert|13.23|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} riding {{convert|2912|mi|km}} in 9 days, 4 hours, 2 minutes.<ref name="RAAM_Record"/>

===Seven days===
On Sunday 17 March 1940 Pat Hawkins, an 18-year-old female from Western Australia, set the 'World Seven Days record' in Perth, having ridden {{convert|1546.8|mi}} to surpass the previous best ({{convert|1438.4|mi}}) set by Mrs [[Valda Unthank]] of Hastings, Victoria. Hawkins also broke the West Australian records for one, two, three, four, five, six and seven days, plus surpassing the Australian professional men's record of [[Ossie Nicholson]].<ref name="Globe20Mar40"/> No authority appears to maintain this record, however notable distances ridden in seven days include:
* [[Tommy Godwin (cyclist born 1912)|Tommy Godwin]] rode {{convert|2084|mi|km}} between 16 and 22 July 1939.<ref name=Godwin_July>{{cite web |url=http://www.tommygodwin.com/1939-stats/july/ |title=Tommy Godwin stats July 1939 |publisher=tommygodwin.com}}</ref>
* Bruce Berkeley rode {{convert|2825|km}} between 23 and 29 June 2014.{{refn|name=Berkeley|{{cite web |url=http://road.cc/content/news/141773-bruce-berkeley-rides-nearly-10000km-january-set-new-guinness-world-record |title=Bruce Berkeley rides nearly 10,000km in January to set new Guinness World Record |date=2 February 2015 |publisher=road.cc}} Road.cc has subsequently said they were incorrect and Berkeley does not hold Guinness World Records for the greatest distances cycled in a week and in a month.<ref name="Road24Jan16" />}}
* Richard Nutt rode {{convert|2830|km}} between 1 and 7 June 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/yorkshireman-richard-nutt-breaks-world-seven-day-distance-record-175854 |title=Yorkshireman Richard Nutt breaks world seven-day distance record |date=9 June 2015 |publisher=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref>
* James Golding rode {{convert|2842.2|km}} between 19 and 25 June 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two-time cancer survivor from Warwickshire breaks seven-day distance cycling record |url=http://road.cc/content/news/224880-two-time-cancer-survivor-warwickshire-breaks-seven-day-distance-cycling-record |website=road.cc |access-date=20 July 2017}}</ref>
* Bruce Berkeley rode {{convert|3,333.3|km|mi|abbr=off}} between 6 and 12 January 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FOR THE RECORD|url=https://www.assos.com/shorts-stories/for-the-record|access-date=2020-08-04|website=www.assos.com}}</ref>

===One month===
There are 2 authorities currently recognising this record, Guinness World Records and World Ultra Cycling Association (formerly the UltraMarathon Cycling Association). [[Tommy Godwin (cyclist born 1912)|Tommy Godwin]] rode {{convert|8583|mi}} in July 1939,<ref name="Godwin_July"/> on his way to setting the World Endurance record for a single year however no authority has recognised this as a record. Current record holders are:

* ''WUCA record holder'' [[Amanda Coker]] rode {{convert|8012.4|mi}} in April 2017.<ref name="WUCA HMM'R results"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/508450-greatest-distance-cycled-in-a-month-umca|title=Greatest distance cycled in a month (WUCA)|website=Guinness World Records|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref>
*''Guinness World Record'' holder Janet Davison rode {{convert|4,010|mi|km}} between 24 July and 22 August 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Farthest distance cycled in one month (female)|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/494080-farthest-distance-cycled-in-one-month-female|access-date=2021-05-17|website=Guinness World Records}}</ref>
* ''WUCA male record holder'' Steven Abraham rode {{convert|7104.3|mi}} between 2 September and 1 October 2016.<ref name="WUCA HMM'R results"/>
* ''Guinness World Record'' holder [[Mark Beaumont (cyclist)|Mark Beaumont]] (UK) rode {{convert|7,031|mi|km}} between 2 and 31 July 2017, travelling from Paris to [[Jerramungup, Western Australia]].<ref name="GWR 2017">{{cite web |url= http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/118987-farthest-distance-cycled-in-one-month|title= Farthest distance cycled in one month |author=  |website= guinnessworldrecords.com |publisher= [[Guinness World Records]] | access-date= 19 September 2017 }}</ref>\

===100,000 Miles===

On 11 July 2017, 24-year-old [[Amanda Coker]] set a new "Fastest completion of 100,000 miles by bicycle record, doing so in 423 days. Coker's record improved by 77 days on Tommy Godwin's prior record of 500 days set in May 1940. The record was certified by the Guinness Book of Records and the Ultra Marathon Cycling Association (now the WUCA).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/483494-fastest-completion-of-100-000-miles-by-bicycle|title=Fastest completion of 100,000 miles by bicycle|work=Guinness World Records|access-date=2017-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phased.co.uk/tommy-godwin/|title=Tommy Godwin|author=Dave Barter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phased.co.uk/tommy-godwin-faq/|title=Tommy Godwin FAQ|publisher=Phased Publications|author=Dave Barter|date=2011-12-09}}</ref><ref name="WUCA distance records"/>

== World Endurance record for distance in a calendar year ==

===Men's record===
In 1911 the weekly magazine [[Cycling Weekly|''Cycling'']] began a competition for the highest number of 100-mile rides or "centuries" in a single year.<ref name="SMHJan33">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16943682 |title=Year's Road Riding. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=7 January 1933 |page=18 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The winner was [[Marcel Planes]] with 332 centuries in which he covered {{convert|34,366|mi|km}}.<ref name="SMHJan33"/> The inspiration for the competition was said to be the efforts of Harry Long, a commercial traveller who rode a bicycle on his rounds covering every part of England and Scotland and who covered {{convert|25,376|mi|km}} in 1910.<ref name="SMHJan33"/> The world record for distance cycled in a year began in an era when bicycle companies competed to show their machines were the most reliable. The record has been officially established nine times.<ref name="CycUk1"/> A tenth claim, by the English rider [[Ken Webb]] in 1972, was disallowed.<ref group="n">Ken Webb's claim was for {{convert|80647|mi|km}} in 1972. Webb insisted he had completed the distance but others said he hadn't and he was removed from the Guinness Book of Records.</ref> Apart from the 1911 competition organised by ''Cycling'', there was no authority that set rules for record attempts nor certified the mileage ridden.<ref name="HAM'R rules"/> In 1937 the [[League of Victorian Wheelmen]] declined a request by [[Ossie Nicholson]] for patronage for his attempt on the record. Nicholson's response was to appoint a committee to supervise his attempt.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127617913 |title=Nicholson's ride, won't press it, claim for patronage. |newspaper=[[The Referee (newspaper)|The Referee]] |location=Sydney |date=28 January 1937 |page=20 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The mileage had been traditionally verified by way of a sealed [[odometer|milometer]] and cards signed by upstanding members of society such as [[police officers]] or [[postmasters]].<ref name="CWJan2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/cycling-weekly/tommy-godwin-75065-miles-in-a-year-45701 |title=Tommy Godwin: 75,065 miles in a year |date=27 January 2012 |publisher=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref>

In November 2014 the UltraMarathon Cycling Association announced that it would recognise a new record category for the highest annual mileage in a year,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultracycling.com/wp_news/?p=456 |title=UMCA announces a new record category: highest annual mileage |date=26 November 2014 | publisher=UltraMarathon Cycling Association}}</ref> and set rules for the record.<ref name="HAM'R rules"/> All of the previous record holders from Marcel Planes to Tommy Godwin rode a [[safety bicycle|double-triangle diamond frame bicycle]], and their rides all commenced on 1 January. The UltraMarathon Cycling Association decided, however, to permit any bike type except for [[Recumbent bicycle#Fairings|faired recumbents]], and that an attempt may start on any day of the year running for 365 consecutive days. Odometers and cards were replaced by [[GPS navigation device|GPS recording]] and live tracking devices such as the [[SPOT Satellite Messenger]].<ref name="HAM'R rules"/>

In 2015, three cyclists commenced an attempt to beat the record set by Tommy Godwin. Briton Steve Abraham<ref name="Abraham">{{cite web|url=http://oneyeartimetrial.org.uk/ |title=Steven Abraham one year time trial}}</ref> started his attempt on 1 January, American [[Kurt Searvogel]],<ref name="Searvogel">{{cite web|url=http://www.tarzanrides.com/ |title=Tarzan Rides HAMR Kurt Searvogel }}</ref> nicknamed Tarzan, started 10 January, and Australian Miles Smith started on 18 June.<ref name="WUCA HAM'R results"/> Abraham was hit by a [[moped]] rider on 29 March 2015, breaking his leg above the ankle.<ref name="CWMar2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/steve-abraham-in-collision-with-moped-during-world-mileage-record-ride-164475 |title=Steve Abraham in collision with moped during world mileage record ride |date=30 March 2015 |publisher=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref> After two weeks' recovery, Abraham resumed cycling gradually, using just one leg to pedal a [[Recumbent bicycle#Recumbent tricycles|recumbent trike]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://road.cc/content/news/148497-steve-abraham-back-road%E2%80%94pedalling-recumbent-one-leg |title=Steve Abraham back on the road—pedalling a recumbent with one leg |date=17 April 2015 |publisher=road.cc}}</ref> Having lost so much distance, he launched a concurrent attempt on the record starting on 8 August 2015,<ref name="WUCA HAM'R results"/> however he announced on 22 January 2016 that he had ended his concurrent attempt.<ref name="VN22Jan2016">{{cite web |url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2016/01/news/video-abraham-ends-highest-annual-mileage-record-attempt_393610 |title=Steve Abraham ends Highest Annual Mileage Record attempt |date=22 January 2016 |publisher=[[Competitor Group, Inc.|velonews]]}}</ref> Abraham rode {{convert|63568|mi}} in his calendar year attempt.<ref name="WUCA HAM'R results"/> Smith ceased his attempt on 13 November 2015.<ref name="WUCA HAM'R results"/> Searvogel managed to overcome weather, injury and also married his one-woman support crew Alicia Searvogel, breaking Godwin's mark with five days to spare.<ref name="WUCA HAM'R results"/><ref name="Road24Jan16">{{cite web| url=http://road.cc/content/news/176223-kurt-searvogel-awarded-guinness-world-record-distance-cycled-year |title=Kurt Searvogel awarded Guinness World Record for distance cycled in a year |date=24 January 2016 |publisher=road.cc}}</ref><ref name="CW5Jan2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/american-kurt-searvogel-breaks-cycling-highest-annual-mileage-record-205507 |title=American Kurt Searvogel breaks cycling highest annual mileage record |date=5 January 2016 |publisher=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref><ref name="GWR_year"/> Cycling Weekly reported a surprising number of people were less than charitable about Searvogel's amazing feat.<ref name="CW6Jan2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/comment-why-i-think-kurt-searvogels-annual-cycling-record-deserves-our-respect-205758#tFOIqQdkode7zRDS.99 |title=Comment: Why I think Kurt Searvogel's annual cycling record deserves our respect |date=6 January 2016 |publisher=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref> Searvogel planned his attempt to hit his final mileage of 76,076 miles exactly, writing "The number is significant in that it took 76 years and 76,076 miles to take the record from the British – The spirit of 76 lives on".<ref name="ultracycling.com">{{Cite web|title = Ultracycling: Highest Annual Mileage Record|url = http://ultracycling.com/sections/records/stats/hamr/|website = ultracycling.com|access-date = 2 February 2016}}</ref> This UMCA record is also recognized as a Guinness World Record.<ref name="GWR_year"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ World Endurance record for a single year
! Year !! Record holder !! Country !! Distance || Ref
|-
| 1911 || [[Marcel Planes]] || {{flagu|France|1848b}}|| {{convert|34366|mi}} || <ref name="Gold Humbles"/>
|-
| 1932 || [[Arthur Humbles]] || {{flagu|Great Britain}} || {{convert|36007|mi}} ||<ref name="Gold Humbles">{{cite web|url=http://thepedalclub.org/archives/albert-humbles/ |title=The Golden Book of Cycling – Citation for Arthur Humbles.|publisher= Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club'}}</ref>
|-
| 1933 || [[Ossie Nicholson]] || {{flagu|Australia}} || {{convert|43966|mi}} || <ref name="RefJan37">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127617653 |title=Ossie for Aussie |newspaper=[[The Referee (newspaper)|The Referee]]|location=Sydney |date=7 January 1937 |page=20 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
|-
| 1936 || [[Walter Greaves (cyclist)|Walter Greaves]] || {{flagu|Great Britain}} || {{convert|45383|mi}} || <ref name="Gold Greaves">{{cite web |url=http://thepedalclub.org/archives/walter-greaves/ |title=The Golden Book of Cycling – citation for Walter Greaves |publisher=Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club'}}</ref>
|-
| 1937 || [[Bernard Bennett (cyclist)|Bernard Bennett]] || {{flagu|Great Britain}} || {{convert|45801|mi}} || <ref name="CWJan2012"/>
|-
| 1937 || [[René Menzies]] || {{flagu|France|1848b}}|| {{convert|61561|mi}} || <ref name="SMH18Jan38">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17429157 |title=Cycling. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=18 January 1938 |page=16 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
|-
| 1937 || [[Ossie Nicholson]] || {{flagu|Australia}} || {{convert|62657|mi}} ||<ref name="Ref6Jan38">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127507257 |title=Australia regains world's cycling record |newspaper=[[The Referee (newspaper)|The Referee]] |location=Sydney |date=6 January 1938 |page=20 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
|-
| 1939 || [[Bernard Bennett (cyclist)|Bernard Bennett]] || {{flagu|Great Britain}} || {{convert|65127|mi}} ||
|-
| 1939 || [[Tommy Godwin (cyclist born 1912)|Tommy Godwin]] || {{flagu|Great Britain}} || {{convert|75065|mi}} || <ref name="Gold Godwin">{{cite web |url=http://thepedalclub.org/archives/tom-godwin/ |title=The Golden Book of Cycling – Citation for Thomas Edward Godwin|publisher=Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club'}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || [[Kurt Searvogel]] || {{flagu|United States}} ||{{convert|76,076|mi|km}}|| <ref name="WUCA HAM'R results"/><ref name="GWR_year">{{cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/greatest-distance-cycled-in-a-year |title=Greatest distance cycled in a year |publisher=[[Guinness World Records]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124072301/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/greatest-distance-cycled-in-a-year |archive-date=24 January 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
|2017
|[[Amanda Coker]]
|{{flagu|United States}}
||{{convert|86,537|mi|km}}
|<ref name="WUCA HAM'R results"/><ref name="Coker Guinness World Records">{{Cite news|url=http://guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/468637-greatest-distance-cycled-in-a-year-umca|title=Greatest distance cycled in a year (UMCA)|work=Guinness World Records|access-date=2017-04-20}}</ref><ref name="inc.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.inc.com/chuck-blakeman/what-amanda-coker-did-yesterday-rivals-the-most-amazing-feats-in-sports-history.html|title=What Amanda Coker Just Did Rivals the Most Amazing Feats in Sports History|work=Inc|access-date=2017-05-23}}</ref>
|}

===Women's record===
During 1938 [[Billie Fleming|Billie Dovey]], the English 'keep fit girl' of the 1930s, achieved a record {{convert|29,899.4|mi}}. Contemporary advertising shows that she rode a [[Rudge-Whitworth]] bicycle and relied on [[Cadbury]] milk chocolate for energy. Dovey combined the attempt with a lecture tour, often finishing her ride and then giving a fitness lecture in the evening.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://v-ccnewengland.blogspot.com/2011/06/1938-how-to-carry-energy-in-your-saddle.html|title=V-CC New England Section}}</ref><ref name="WAG">{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48416200#pstart3435137|title=25 Jan 1941 - Cycle Marathon Planned By Girl - Trove|work=Trove}}</ref>

In February 1942 Pat Hawkins, the holder of the 'World Seven Days record', claimed to have ridden {{convert|45,402.8|mi}} in [[Perth city centre|Perth]], West Australia, despite having missed seven weeks riding. A few days later the claim was withdrawn due to discrepancies in her logs. The press had reported her campaign in relation to Billie Dovey's record, to wit, ''after ten weeks she had recorded {{convert|7302.8|mi}} compared to Mrs Dovey's {{convert|5238|mi}}.'' She would have reached Dovey's record after 36 weeks, three days, one hour and 20 minutes. The endeavour was sponsored by [[Bruce Small|Bruce Small Pty Ltd]].<ref name="WAG"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8230822|title=02 Feb 1942 - WOMAN CYCLIST'S RECORD|via=Trove}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19410422&id=TjkTAAAAIBAJ&pg=6016,1433810|title=The Age|via=Google News Archive Search}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article44961738|title=15 Oct 1941 - W.A. Woman Cyclist Sets New World Record - Trove|work=Trove}}</ref>

In 2016, Kajsa Tylen<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ayearinthesaddle.com/|title=A Year in the Saddle - Kajsa's 2016 Cycling World Record Attempt|website=A Year in the Saddle – Kajsa's 2016 Cycling World Record Attempt|access-date=2016-12-09}}</ref> broke the record, exceeding Dovey's mileage on 24 November, with over a month of the year left to go.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-38103221|title=Kajsa Tylen: Cyclist breaks Billie Fleming's 77-year-old record|date=2016-11-25|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=2016-12-09}}</ref> [[Guinness World Records|Guinness]] did not ratify Billie Dovey's record, and had set a target of over 50,000 km. Tylen cycled all over the UK and Europe, encouraging others to join her every day, and make 'sweat pledges' of support. Tylen set the Guinness World Record for females at {{convert|52025|km}}.<ref name="GWR_Tylen">{{cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/117937-farthest-distance-cycled-in-a-year-female |title=Farthest distance cycled in a year (female) |publisher=[[Guinness World Records]] |access-date=18 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218065213/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/117937-farthest-distance-cycled-in-a-year-female |archive-date=18 February 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On 5 April 2017, the 326th day of her year-long record attempt to ride more miles in a year than anybody ever, Amanda Coker broke the women's, as well as the overall mileage record, when she exceeded Kurt Searvogel's previous record of {{convert|76,076|mi|km}}. The Guinness Book of World Records certified Coker's record at the end of her record-breaking day at {{convert|76,233.9|mi|km}}.<ref name="Coker Guinness World Records"/> Coker completed her year-long mileage record with {{convert|86,537|mi|km}}.<ref name="inc.com"/>

On June 4, 2016, Alicia Searvogel became the first woman over 50 years of age to make an attempt the Highest Annual Mileage record. On June 3, 2017, Searvogel finished her attempt with a total of {{convert|32,415|mi|km}}.<ref name="WUCA HAM'R results"/> While she fell short of breaking Amanda Coker's overall woman's record, Ms. Searvogel was awarded the highest annual mileage record,<ref name="WUCA HAM'R results"/> and highest month mileage record {{convert|4,021|mi|km}} in the 50–59 age category by the UMCA (now WUCA).<ref name="WUCA HMM'R results"/>

== Road bicycle racing records ==
The following is a list of [[Road bicycle racing]] achievements and records:<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Wie won de meeste wedstrijden na Eddy Merckx? |url=https://www.vintagefiets.be/wie-won-de-meeste-wedstrijden-na-eddy-merckx/ |website=vintagefiets.be |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Velominati |date= |title=Wielergoden: de meest heldhaftige renners ooit 38 heroïsche verhalen |url=https://libris.nl/BookInfo/GetSample?guid=f31be50a-3279-4674-b459-c77b13e7accb |publisher=Kosmos Uitgevers |language=nl |format=Book |publication-date=24 March 2018 |isbn=9789021567907}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 October 2011 |title=Historical Dictionary of Cycling |page=169 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdXCmwpk-SAC&q=vuelta+a+espa%C3%B1a+records+Alex+Z%C3%BClle+48&pg=PA169 |isbn=9780810871755}}</ref>

=== One-day and stage races ===
* [[Grand Tour (cycling)|Grand Tour]] wins: [[Eddy Merckx]] (11), [[Bernard Hinault]] (10), [[Jacques Anquetil]] (8)
* [[Tour de France]] wins: [[Miguel Induráin]] (5 consecutive), Eddy Merckx (5), Bernard Hinault (5), [[Jacques Anquetil]] (5)
* [[Giro d'Italia]] wins: [[Alfredo Binda]] (5; 3 consecutive), [[Fausto Coppi]] (5) Eddy Merckx (5; 3 consecutives)
* [[Vuelta a España]] wins: [[Roberto Heras]] (4; 3 consecutive)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurosport.com/cycling/vuelta-a-espana1/2005/heras-four-petacchi-five_sto767134/story.shtml |title=Heras makes it four, Petacchi sinks five |date=18 September 2005 |publisher=Eurosport |access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/spanish-supreme-court-restores-2005-vuelta-victory-to-heras/ |title=Spanish Supreme Court restores 2005 Vuelta victory to Heras |publisher= Cyclingnews |date= 22 December 2012|access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingquotes.com/news/race_director_heras_is_the_winner_of_the_2005_vuelta/ |title=Race director: Heras is the winner of the 2005 Vuelta |publisher= Cyclingquotes |date= 12 November 2013|access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref>
* [[Tour de France]] [[yellow jersey]]s: [[Eddy Merckx]] (96), [[Bernard Hinault]] (75), [[Miguel Induráin]] (60), [[Chris Froome]] (59), [[Jacques Anquetil]] (50), [[Antonin Magne]] (38), [[Nicolas Frantz]] and [[Philippe Thys (cyclist)|Philippe Thys]] (37)
* [[Giro d'Italia]] [[pink jersey]]: [[Eddy Merckx]] (78), [[Alfredo Binda]] (60), [[Francesco Moser]] (57), [[Gino Bartali]] (50), [[Giuseppe Saronni]] (49), [[Jacques Anquetil]] (42), [[Fausto Coppi]] and [[Bernard Hinault]] (31)
* [[Vuelta a España]] [[List of Vuelta a España general classification winners|red jersey]]: [[Alex Zülle]] (48), [[Roberto Heras]] (34), [[Delio Rodríguez]] and [[Gustaaf Deloor]] (32)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spoonful.es/noticia/deporte/otros-deportes/deloor--un-belga-en-el-primer-parrafo-del-relato-de-la-vuelta_20130823085100.html |title=Deloor, un belga en el primer párrafo del relato de la Vuelta |publisher=Spoonful |language= es|access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref>
* [[Triple Crown of Cycling]]: [[Eddy Merckx]] (1974), [[Stephen Roche]] (1987)
* [[Cycling monument|Monument]] wins: [[Eddy Merckx]] (19), [[Roger De Vlaeminck]] (11), [[Costante Girardengo]], [[Fausto Coppi]], [[Sean Kelly (cyclist)|Sean Kelly]] (9)
* Single Monument wins: [[Eddy Merckx]] (7x [[Milan–San Remo]])
* Most road races won by a professional cyclist: [[Eddy Merckx]] (525), [[Rik Van Looy|Rik van Looy]] (379), [[Francesco Moser]] (273), [[Rik Van Steenbergen|Rik van Steenbergen]] (270), [[Roger De Vlaeminck|Roger de Vlaeminck]] (259)
* [[UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|UCI Road World Championships]]: [[Alfredo Binda]], [[Rik Van Steenbergen|Rik van Steenbergen]], [[Óscar Freire]] (3x gold, 1x bronze), [[Eddy Merckx]], [[Peter Sagan]] (3x gold)

=== Classifications and awards ===
* [[Challenge Desgrange-Colombo]] (1948-1958): [[Ferdinand Kübler]], [[Fred De Bruyne]] (3)
* [[Super Prestige Pernod]] (1958-1987): [[Eddy Merckx]] (7)
* [[UCI Road World Cup]] (1989-2004): [[Paolo Bettini]] (3)
* [[UCI Road World Rankings]] (1984-2004): [[Sean Kelly (cyclist)|Sean Kelly]] (5)
* [[UCI World Tour]] (from 2009): [[Joaquim Rodríguez]] (3)
* [[Vélo d'Or]] awards (from 1992): [[Alberto Contador]] (4)

==Track cycling records==
{{main|List of world records in track cycling}}

==Wheelie records==
The longest bicycle wheelie in one hour is {{convert|30.95|km|mi|abbr=on}}, and was achieved by Manuel Scheidegger (Switzerland) in Bern, Switzerland on 12 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-bicycle-wheelie-in-an-hour#:~:text=The%20longest%20bicycle%20wheelie%20in,support%20of%20the%20organisation%20Wheels4nepal.|title = Longest bicycle wheelie in one hour}}</ref>

'''Kurt Osburn''' (nicknamed ''Wheelie King'') from [[California]], United States is the [[Guinness World Record]] holder for Longest Bicycle [[Wheelie]], riding on the back wheel of a bicycle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bertaut.com/kurt.html|title=Wheelie Across America's Kurt Osburn Wheelies Through Louisiana June 1999!Bertaut|work=Bertaut}}</ref> On 8 August 1998, he rode a wheelie for a record 11 hours at the [[Anaheim Convention Center]], [[California]]. In June 2012 David "Pixie" Robilliard failed to break the record.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-guernsey-18552885|title=Guernsey postman fails in world wheelie record attempt|publisher=BBC News|date=23 June 2012}}</ref>

From 13 April to 25 June 1999, Kurt rode 2,839.6 miles from Hollywood to the Guinness World Records Experience in Orlando on one wheel, also for a Guinness World Record, becoming the first person in history to ride a bicycle wheelie coast to coast. During his attempt he rode an average of 50 miles per day, sometimes with winds in excess of 40 miles per hour. Other facts: He cycled on the 110 Highway, had 4 flat tires (on the rear tire of course), over 1.8 million pedal revolutions from start to finish, and was chased by dogs almost daily.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fatbmx.com/bmx/news/article.php?storyid=10616|title=Kurt Osburn Wheelie King – 2,839.6 miles – Videos – News|author=FAT BMX Promotions|work=FAT BMX}}</ref>

== Around the world ==
{{Main|Around the world cycling record}}
To qualify for the relevant Guinness World Record one must satisfy various requirements, such as total distance travelled, pass through two approximate antipodal points, provide specified evidence, etc.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://tomdaviesrtw.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/79886-fastest-circumnavigation-by-bicycle-male.pdf|title=Fastest Circumnavigation By Bicycle – Guidelines|date=2014-04-08|publisher=[[Guinness World Records]]}}</ref>

* [[Jenny Graham]] cycled unsupported around the world in 124 days.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Rawlinson|first1=Kevin|last2=agency|date=2018-10-18|title=Scottish cyclist smashes round-the world record|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/18/scottish-cyclist-jenny-graham-smashes-round-the-world-record|access-date=2020-06-06|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
* [[Mark Beaumont (cyclist)|Mark Beaumont]] cycled supported around the world in 78 days, 14 hours, 40 minutes.<ref name="BBC 18 September 2017">{{cite web|author=|date=18 September 2017|title=Cyclist Mark Beaumont breaks around the world record|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-41308524|access-date=19 September 2017|website=[[BBC News Online]]|publisher=BBC}}</ref>
* Lloyd Collier and Louis Snellgrove [[Tandem bicycle|tandem]] cycled unsupported around the world in 281 days.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-14|title=Doctors pedal more than 28,000 km to circumnavigate the globe on a tandem|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2019/11/doctors-pedal-more-than-28-000-km-to-circumnavigate-the-globe-on-a-tandem-598302/|access-date=2020-06-06|website=Guinness World Records}}</ref>
* [[Edward Pratt|Ed Pratt]] unicycled unsupported around the world in 3 years, 135 days.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-07-27|title=Unicyclist completes round-the-world trip|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-somerset-44977806|access-date=2020-06-08}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="CycUk1">Cycling, 1972, undated cutting</ref>
<ref name="HAM'R rules">{{cite web |url=http://ultracycling.com/sections/records/max-mileage.php |title=Rules for Highest Annual Mileage |date=26 November 2014 |publisher=UltraMarathon Cycling Association |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208204808/http://www.ultracycling.com/sections/records/max-mileage.php |archive-date=8 February 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="WUCA distance records">{{cite web |title=WUCA distance records |url=https://worldultracycling.com/distance/ |website=World UltraCycling Association |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102204036/https://worldultracycling.com/distance/ |archive-date=2 November 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="WUCA HAM'R results">{{cite web |url=https://worldultracycling.com/highest-annual-mileage-hamr/ |title=Highes Annual Mileage (HAM'R) Results |publisher=World Ultra Cycling Association |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215143305/http://ultracycling.com/sections/records/data/hamr/official_results/umca_hamr_2016-01-11.xlsx |archive-date=15 February 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="WUCA HMM'R results">{{cite web |url=https://worldultracycling.com/highest-monthly-mileage-hmmr/ |title=Highest Monthly Mileage (HMM'R) |publisher=World UltraCycling Association |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102203626/https://worldultracycling.com/highest-monthly-mileage-hmmr/ |archive-date=2 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ihpva.org/ IHPVA]
* [http://www.whpva.org/ WHPVA]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110821120537/http://oldsite.uci.ch/modello.asp?1stlevelid=W&level1=2&level2=12&idnews=3454 UCI records]
* [http://www.rra.org.uk/ British Road Records Association]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141209230003/http://www.cyclingtimetrials.org.uk/Competition/Competition-Records British Cycling Time Trials]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080308021037/http://www.wisil.recumbents.com/wisil/fastest_list.asp Fastest Human Powered Vehicles One Hour & Top Speed Lists]
* [https://www.worldrecordsindia.com/category/adventures-and-expeditions/ Cycling Records Registered by World Records of India]
{{records}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cycling Records}}
[[Category:Cycle racing]]
[[Category:Cycling records and statistics| ]]

Éric Barone

2023-10-18T14:57:07Z

Jordiferrer: downhill record

{{short description|French sportsman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{distinguish||text=the video game designer [[Eric Barone (developer)|Eric Barone]]}}
{{Infobox cyclist
| name = Éric Barone
| image =
| caption = Éric Barone at the 2019 Geneva book fair
| nickname = Le Baron Rouge (The Red Baron)
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1960|11|4}}
| birth_place = [[Oyonnax]], [[France]]
| currentteam =
| discipline =
| role =
| ridertype = High speed specialist
}}

'''Éric Barone''' (born 4 November 1960 in [[Oyonnax]], [[France]]) is a French sportsman. He holds the world downhill speed record for bicycle, on both snow and gravel.<ref>[[L'Humanité]] [https://www.humanite.fr/node/385557 Éric Barone, le mec tout terrain] April 1999</ref> On snow, his downhill speed record is {{convert|227.720|km/h|mph}} achieved on 18 March 2017, on the speed snow track at Vars, France<ref>{{Citation|last=Eric BARONE|title=(OFFICIAL) Eric Barone - 227,720 km/h (141.498 mph) - Mountain Bike World Speed Record - 2017|date=2017-03-19|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gBqbNUtr3c |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/7gBqbNUtr3c |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live|accessdate=2017-04-02}}{{cbignore}}</ref> while on gravel his downhill speed record is {{convert|172|km/h|mph}},<ref>Bike Forums, "[http://www.bikeforums.net/archive/index.php/t-8836.html Cerro negro record]"</ref> achieved at the [[Cerro Negro|Cerro Negro volcano]], in [[Nicaragua]]. His French nickname is "Baron Rouge", which means Red Baron.

== Early career highlights ==
After some initial jobs, including acting as [[stunt double]] of actors [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Jean-Claude Van Damme]] and [[Adrian Paul]],<ref>Homepage Eric Barone, "[http://www.ericbarone.fr www.ericbarone.fr]"</ref> at 34 he started trying to achieve speed records on a bicycle. Barone achieved the downhill record on snow in 1994, beating the previous record by Christian Taillefer. He broke the record again in 1999 and on 21 April 2000, when he reached {{convert|222|km/h|mph}} at [[Les Arcs|Les Arcs ski resort]], [[France]], using an [[aerodynamic]] prototype bicycle, helmet and clothing.

In 1999 he reached {{convert|118|km/h|mph}} on gravel in [[Hawaii]]. After that, his goal was to show he could be faster on gravel. He discovered the [[Cerro Negro]] volcano in [[Nicaragua]]. Its clean slopes and soft volcanic ash were ideal.

== Record setting ==
In November 2001, he descended that volcano at {{convert|130|km/h|mph}}, beating his previous record achieved in Hawaii. Barone believed he could do more, and decided to try again some time later. On 12 May 2002, he reached {{convert|163|km/h|mph}} on his first attempt, on a serial production bicycle. A few minutes later, he descended again, on a prototype bicycle. He rode {{convert|400|m|ft}}, and just after the computers had registered {{convert|172|km/h|mph}}, the bike sharply entered a section of the hill with a lower [[gradient]], causing the front bicycle fork to break off, and the bicycle and rider to crash hard and tumble down the hill at high speed.<ref>Lugar latino, "[http://videos.lugarlatino.com/video/P4_xlFtcPLk/eric-barone-in-cerro-negro-nicaragua.html Video of Eric Barone in Cerro Negro, Nicaragua]"</ref> The helmet saved his life, but he had several broken ribs and other injuries. Barone said he would never descend again at the [[Cerro Negro]], but announced he was willing to beat again the record on snow in the future. The record using a serial production bicycle on gravel was beaten in 2011, when [[Markus Stöckl]] reached {{convert|164.95|km/h|mph}} on a volcano in Nicaragua.<ref name="markus2011">[http://www.redbull.com/cs/Satellite/en_INT/Video/Markus-St%C3%B6ckl-sets-a-new-speed-record-021243025487018 Downhill moutainbiker Markus Stöckl sets new world speed record]</ref> The prototype bicycle record, on gravel, still belongs to Barone.

During his career, Barone has descended the slopes of [[Mount Fuji]] in [[Japan]], [[Mauna Kea]] and [[Kilauea]] in [[Hawaii]], [[Mount Etna|Etna]] and [[Stromboli]] in [[Sicily]], the [[Nevado de Toluca]] in [[Mexico]], and 20 volcanoes in [[Nicaragua]].<ref name="vol">[http://www.routedesvolcans.com/new/eng/indexus.html Volcano route website]</ref>

== Other work ==
After his records, Barone has worked attracting tourists who want to discover the Volcano route and other sites in [[Nicaragua]].<ref name="vol" /><ref>[http://www.caminovoyage.com/en Camino Voyage website]</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Cycling records]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barone, Eric}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Oyonnax]]
[[Category:Cyclists from Ain]]
[[Category:French male cyclists]]

Moravian Brethren Mission House

2023-08-28T19:06:58Z

Jordiferrer:

{{short description|Historical building in Nuuk, Greenland}}
{{hatnote|For the similarly-named church in the Virgin Islands, see [[New Herrnhut Moravian Church]].}}
{{For|other mission houses|Mission House (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Nuuk-moravian-brethren-herrnhut-huset-nuup-kangerlua.jpg|thumb|right|Moravian Brethren Mission House]]

'''Moravian Brethren Mission House''' or '''Herrnhut House''' ({{lang-da|Herrnhuthuset}}) is a historical building in [[Nuuk]], the capital of [[Greenland]], established in 1747<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nuuk-tourism.gl/database.asp?lang=eng&num=247 |title=Nuuk Tourism |access-date=2010-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615005035/http://www.nuuk-tourism.gl/database.asp?lang=eng&num=247 |archive-date=2010-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> from timber shipped to the United Brethren from the Netherlands.<ref name="mishis">Brown, William. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Vn8XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA328 The History of Missions: Or, Of the Propagation of Christianity Among the Heathen, Since the Reformation]''. B. Coles V.D.M., 1816.</ref> It was the centre of the [[Moravian missions in Greenland|Moravian Brethren Mission]] in Greenland and the missionaries operated across the west coast of Greenland from this building. Greenlander converts were reported saying, "If it can be so beautiful here on Earth, how wonderful must it not be in Heaven."<ref name="BibNar">Del, Anden. "[http://www.ilisimatusarfik.gl/Portals/0/Ekstern/Generelt/Dokumenter/Gr%C3%B8nland%20som%20del%20af%20den%20bibelske%20fort%C3%A6lling%20-%20Ph.d.-afhandling.pdf ''Grønland som del af den bibelske fortælling – en 1700-tals studie''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715044721/http://www.ilisimatusarfik.gl/Portals/0/Ekstern/Generelt/Dokumenter/Gr%C3%B8nland%20som%20del%20af%20den%20bibelske%20fort%C3%A6lling%20-%20Ph.d.-afhandling.pdf |date=2012-07-15 }}" ["Greenland as Part of the Biblical Narrative – a Study of the 18th-Century"]. {{in lang|da}}</ref>

The building is current used as the office of the Ombudsman of Greenland ('Ombudsmanden for Inatsisartut').<ref>{{cite web |title=Ombudsmanden for Inatsisartut |url=https://www.ombudsmand.gl/ |access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref>

== Location ==
The building is located on the southern outskirts of the Nuuk, west of [[Queen Ingrid's Hospital]]. Perched at the southern endpoint of a large peninsula, it overlooks the [[Nuup Kangerlua]] fjord, at the point where it leaves the mountainous region, with only a group of [[Skerry|skerries]] at its wide mouth. Immediately to the north of the house, there is a cemetery which the Moravians operated as a [[God's Acre]].

==See also==
* [[Moravian missions in Greenland]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nuuk}}

{{coord|64|10|8|N|51|44|44|W|type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Churches in Greenland]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Nuuk]]
[[Category:Moravian churches]]
[[Category:1747 establishments in North America]]
[[Category:Moravian Church in Greenland]]

{{Greenland-struct-stub}}

Arthur Anderson (businessman)

2023-08-23T12:40:47Z

Jordiferrer: adding a link

{{Short description|Scottish businessman and politician}}
[[File:AndersonAr.JPG|thumb|Arthur Anderson (businessman)]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2011}}
'''Arthur Anderson''' (1792, [[Shetland]] – 27 February 1868, [[London]]) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] businessman and [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] politician. He was co-founder of the [[Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company]] (P&O).

==Career==
He was born at [[Böd of Gremista]], in [[Lerwick]], and as a boy worked on the beach preparing fish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/a/arthuranderson.html|title=Arthur Anderson|website=Undiscovered Scotland|access-date=2017-05-08}}</ref> The Crown attempted to press gang Anderson but [[Bressay]] man Thomas Bolt persuaded the [[Royal Navy]] to wait until he had finished his apprenticeship before his [[impressment]] in 1808. Anderson was discharged 10 years later in Plymouth. Like many [[Shetland]] men, he was left destitute 600 miles from home<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.poheritage.com/our-history/timeline/men-of-steam|title=Men of Steam - Arthur Anderson (1792-1868) Co-founder, Managing Director and Later Chairman|date=2017|website=P7O Heritage|language=en|access-date=2017-05-12}}</ref> after his service to King and country during the [[Napoleonic wars]]. Anderson moved to [[London]] and eventually became a clerk in the London shipping and insurance firm of [[Brodie McGhie Willcox]] where he became a partner in 1822 and the firm was renamed Wilcox and Anderson.<ref name=":0" /> They developed the shipping business between Britain and the [[Iberian peninsula]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.poheritage.com/our-history/company-guides/peninsular-and-oriental-steam-navigation-company|title=P&O Steam Navigation Company|website=P&O Heritage|access-date=2017-05-08}}</ref> at one stage shipping guns and the [[British Legion (1835)|British Legion]] to fight [[Portugal|Portuguese]] conservatives and [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Carlists]] during their internal wars of the 1830s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://australiancruisemagazine.blogspot.co.uk/p/the-peninsular-oriental-steam.html?m=0|title=The Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company (Est. 1840)|website=Australian Cruise Magazine|access-date=2017-05-13}}</ref>

They followed this with a regular steamship service in 1830, called the Peninsular Steam Navigation Company, which became in 1837 the Peninsular and Orient ([[P&O]]).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst468.html|title=Arthur Anderson 1792 - 1868|website=Gazeteer for Scotland|access-date=2017-05-08}}</ref> Despite cash crises, it expanded operations to Egypt (1840), India (1842), [[Hong Kong]] (1845) and [[Australia]] (1852),<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cruise-international.com/175-years-of-po/#wbounce-modal|title=175 years of P&O Cruises in Pictures|last=Freeman|first=Emma|date=2012-03-13|work=Cruise International|access-date=2017-05-12|language=en-US}}</ref> supported by government mail contracts. Anderson had a thrusting entrepreneurial character<ref name=":0" /> and by his death in 1868 P&O had the largest commercial fleet of steamships in the world.<ref>{{Cite book|title=I Never Knew That About Scotland|last=Winn|first=Christopher|publisher=Ebury Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0091910242|chapter=Arthur Anderson (1792-1868)}}</ref>

He moved to [[Streatham]], [[London]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.heartstreatham.co.uk/po-sailor-s-journey-from-shetland-to-streatham|title=P&O - A sailor's journey from Shetland to Streatham|last=Wright|first=David|date=2017-04-04|website=Heart Streatham Magazine|access-date=2017-05-12}}</ref> and was Chairman of P&O from 1854 until his death. Other chairs included the coal transport company the Union Steam Ship Company (which he created in 1853 to supply his P&O line ships with fuel)<ref name=":2" /> and the [[The Crystal Palace|Crystal Palace]] Co.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalpalacefoundation.org.uk/history/leaving-hyde-park-1851-2|title=Crystal Palace History - Leaving Hyde Park, 1851|last=Walker|first=Jeremy|date=2012|website=The Crystal Palace Foundation|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-05-13}}</ref>

He served as a [[Radicals (UK)|radical]] Liberal [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]] for the [[Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency)|Orkney and Shetland constituency]] from 1847 to 1852.<ref name=":0" />

He also founded the ''[[Shetland Journal]] (1835)'',<ref name=":1" /> the [[Shetland Fishery Company]] at [[Vaila]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Other British Isles|last=Moore|first=David W.|publisher=McFarland and Company|year=2011|isbn=978-0-7864-6434-0|pages=23}}</ref> and encouraged fish exports to Spain and business between [[Shetland]] and the UK mainland. After [[Queen Victoria]]'s coronation in 1838, Anderson gave her some Shetland lace articles. The queen subsequently bought twelve pairs of lace stockings which led to a significant increase in sales of Shetland lace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.craftscotland.org/explore-craft/scottish-craft/shetland-lace.html|title=Shetland Lace - Traditional Scottish Craft|date=2017|website=Craft Scotland|language=en|access-date=2017-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103234325/http://www.craftscotland.org/explore-craft/scottish-craft/shetland-lace.html|archive-date=3 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He endowed [https://web.archive.org/web/20061008165608/http://www.ideal-homes.org.uk/lambeth/norwood/norwood-technical-college.htm Lower Norwood Working Men's Institute], the Anderson Educational Institute in 1862 <ref>{{cite book |title= Lerwick; The Birth and Growth of an Island Town|last= Irvine|first= James W.|year= 1985|publisher= Lerwick Community Council|location= Lerwick|isbn= 0-9509669-1-6|page= 126}}</ref> (later known as the [[Anderson High School (Shetland)|Anderson High School]]) and a home for the widows of fishermen in Shetland.<ref name=":0" />

He was buried at [[West Norwood Cemetery]], with a memorial at Lerwick Old Cemetery.<ref name=":3" />

His nephew James Anderson, who worked in P&O, was married to the medical pioneer [[Elizabeth Garrett Anderson]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Elizabeth Garrett Anderson: England's First Woman Physician|last=Manton|first=Jo|publisher=Methuen|year=1965|location=London|pages=217–218}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Nicolson |first=John |title=Arthur Anderson, a Founder of the P. & O. Coy |year=1914 |publisher=A. Gardner}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060710143516/http://www.shetland-museum.org.uk/bod/his_home.htm Shetland his home]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060112124653/http://www.red-duster.co.uk/PANDO.htm History of the Peninsular and Oriental]
*{{Hansard-contribs | mr-arthur-anderson | Arthur Anderson }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Frederick Dundas]] }}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency)|Orkney & Shetland]]
| years = [[1847 United Kingdom general election|1847]] – [[1852 United Kingdom general election|1852]]
}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Frederick Dundas]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anderson, Arthur}}
[[Category:1792 births]]
[[Category:1868 deaths]]
[[Category:Royal Navy sailors]]
[[Category:Scottish Liberal Party MPs]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Orkney and Shetland]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish businesspeople]]
[[Category:Scottish newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Burials at West Norwood Cemetery]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1847–1852]]
[[Category:Scottish company founders]]
[[Category:Scottish businesspeople in shipping]]
[[Category:People from Lerwick]]

Böd of Gremista

2023-08-23T12:25:14Z

Jordiferrer: precise coordinates

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2015}}
[[File:Booth of Gremista, Lerwick - geograph.org.uk - 1762238.jpg|thumb|Böd of Gremista]]
'''The Böd of Gremista''', situated at the north end of [[Lerwick]], [[Shetland]], Scotland, is a typical 18th century Shetland fishing booth (or [[böd]]). It is protected as a [[listed building#Scotland|category B listed building]].<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB37258|desc=Gremista Road, The Bod of Gremista|cat=B|access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref>

==History==
The Böd was built in 1780 by Arthur Nicholson, local landowner and manager of the [[Gremista]] fishing station. The building provided family accommodation and a store for the fishing and fish curing activities that took place on the adjacent beach.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst6772.html|title=Bod of Gremista|last=Gittings|first=B.M.|year=2012|work=The Gazetteer for Scotland|accessdate=2013-02-27}}</ref>

It was the birthplace of [[Arthur Anderson (businessman)|Arthur Anderson]], co-founder of [[Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company]], (now P&O).

The building fell into disrepair<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shetlandtextilemuseum.com/|title=Shetland's dedicated textiles museum at the Böd of Gremista.|last=|first=|date=2017|website=Shetland Textile Museum|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2017-05-12}}</ref> but was restored with grants provided by [[Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company|P&O]] and the UK Government in 1970,<ref>Irvine (1985), p.271</ref> the first phase being completed in 1976.<ref>Irvine (1985), p.293</ref> It opened as a museum in 1987, was acquired by the [[Shetland Museums Service]] in 1991 and was run as a community museum by the [[Shetland Amenity Trust]]. The exhibition included period furnishings and other artefacts together with displays on fishing and the life of Anderson. In 2017 the building was a Shetland textile museum run by a board of trustees and exhibited Shetland textiles from 1800s to the present day including wool, jumpers, Fair Isle, lace, rugs and weaving.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shetlandheritageassociation.com/members/central-mainland/bod-of-gremista|title=Böd of Gremista and Shetland Textile Working Museum|last=|first=|date=2017|website=Shetland Heritage Association|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2017-05-12}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

*{{cite book |title= Lerwick: The Birth and Growth of an Island Town|last= Irvine|first= James W.|year= 1985|publisher= Lerwick Community Council|location= Lerwick|isbn=978-0-9509669-1-5}}

==External links==
* [http://www.shetlandtextilemuseum.com/ Böd of Gremista and Shetland Textile Museum] - official site

{{coord|60|10|13.0008|N|1|9|47.9982|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bod Of Gremista}}
[[Category:Category B listed buildings in Shetland]]
[[Category:Maritime museums in Scotland]]
[[Category:Biographical museums in Scotland]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Shetland]]
[[Category:Listed museum buildings in Scotland]]
[[Category:1780 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Houses completed in 1780]]
[[Category:Fishing in Scotland]]
[[Category:Museums established in 1987]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Lerwick]]

Legoland

2018-08-21T23:12:22Z

Jordiferrer: /* Parks */

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{About|the chain of themed amusement parks|the original theme park|Legoland Billund Resort|the PC game|Legoland (video game)|the Lego theme previously called Legoland|Lego City}}
[[File:Legoland Deutschland.jpg|thumb|right|The entrance of Legoland Deutschland]]

'''Legoland''' (trademark in uppercase as '''LEGOLAND''') is a chain of family [[theme park]]s. They are not fully owned by [[The Lego Group]] itself; rather they are owned and operated by the [[United Kingdom|British]] theme park company [[Merlin Entertainments]].

The [[Legoland Billund Resort]] opened in [[Billund, Denmark|Billund]], [[Denmark]] in 1968, followed by the [[Legoland Windsor Resort]] in [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]] in 1996. Further parks opened in [[Legoland Germany|Germany]], [[Legoland Japan|Japan]], [[Legoland Malaysia|Malaysia]], [[Legoland Dubai|Dubai]], the United States ([[Legoland California|California]] and [[Legoland Florida|Florida]]). Parks in South Korea, New York, and Shanghai are currently under construction.

==Attractions==

The parks are marketed to families with younger children (11 and under), and although the attractions include a number of [[roller coasters]], the roller coasters are not as numerous or as extreme as those in other parks, and there is a greater emphasis on rides suitable for younger children.
Legoland parks are split into various areas, which are consistent among the chain's parks. For example, all six of the parks include a Lego miniland, a model village which includes models of landmarks and scenes from around the world, made from millions of genuine Lego bricks.

===Educational elements===
[[File:IMG 9760 aquatune crop.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Educational elements of Legoland include the "hydraulophone", a water-operated pipe organ]]
An important aspect of Legoland is education and learning.

Examples include:
*Water flow channels in which participants can construct dams from Lego blocks to understand laminar and turbulent fluid flows
*Interactive musical instruments, such as musical fountains, and the Aquatune [[hydraulophone]], which is an underwater [[pipe organ]] in the shape of a giant Lego block
*A [[Lego Mindstorms]] centre for fun-based learning
*[[Lego Duplo|Duplo]] Gardens (for smaller children)
*Driving area (including attractions such as Driving school, Boating school, Ballooning school, Flying school, and Fire Academy)
*My Town
*Wild Woods
* [[Knights' Kingdom]]

The parks' rides are all Lego themed; many are made to appear as if they are built out of Lego bricks. They tend to be based on one particular line of Lego: for example, a popular ride at all six parks is the Dragon Coaster, which is loosely based on the [[Knights' Kingdom]] Lego sets. Another popular ride is the Driving school, in which children can drive small electric cars made to look like Lego cars around a small road network, after which they gain a mock driving license.

Despite the commonality of the above-mentioned attractions, the exact set of rides varies between parks, although as with the [[Walt Disney Parks and Resorts|Disney]] parks there is some overlap.

==Parks==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Site
! Location
! Opened
! Details
|-
! scope="col" colspan="4"| Europe
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland Billund Resort]]
| [[Billund, Denmark]]
| 1968<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world66.com/europe/denmark/billund |title=Billund travel guide |publisher=World 66 |accessdate=May 3, 2012}}</ref>
| The oldest Legoland and was built near the original Lego factory. It is divided into ten different worlds: [[Lego Duplo|Duplo]] Land, Imagination Zone, LEGOREDO Town, Adventure Land, Miniland, Pirate Land, Lego City, Knights Kingdom, Viking Land, and Polar Land. The park has 1.6 million visitors annually, making it the largest tourist attraction in Denmark outside [[Copenhagen]].
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland Deutschland Resort]]
| Günzburg, Germany
| 2002
| As of 2009, there are seven areas in the park, including: Imagination Center, Miniland, LEGO X-treme, LEGO City, Knights Kingdom, Adventure Land, and Land of the Pirates.
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland Windsor Resort]]
| [[Windsor, Berkshire]]
| 1996
| Built on the site of the previous [[Windsor Safari Park]]. As of 2015, there are twelve areas in the park, including: The Beginning, Imagination Centre, Miniland, Duplo Land, Heartlake City, LEGO City, Land of the Vikings, Kingdom of the Pharaohs, Pirates Shores, Knights Kingdom, Star Wars and Adventure Land. It is the largest Legoland park in the world in terms of area – its area is approximately five times greater than that of [[Legoland Billund]].
|-
! scope="col" colspan="4"| Middle East
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland Dubai Resort]]
| [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
| October 31, 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legoland.com/Global/141015_LEGOLAND%20Revealed_Eng.pdf |date=October 15, 2015 |accessdate=June 14, 2015 |title=LEGOLAND® Dubai Unveils Exciting Plans |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614205110/http://www.legoland.com/Global/141015_LEGOLAND%20Revealed_Eng.pdf |archivedate=June 14, 2015 |df=}}</ref>
| It was originally scheduled to open in 2011 in [[Dubailand]] as "Legoland Dubailand",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://parents.lego.com/en-gb/news/legoland%20dubai.aspx |title=New Legoland Park to open in Dubai in 2011 |date=May 7, 2008 |publisher=Lego.com |accessdate=May 3, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317164303/http://parents.lego.com/en-gb/news/legoland%20dubai.aspx |archivedate=March 17, 2012}}</ref> but was then delayed until October 2016 and is now located at [[Dubai Parks and Resorts]] and Water Park as "Legoland Dubai".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/legoland-dubai-will-go-ahead-despite-delays-developer-158736.html |first=Shane |last=McGinley |title=Legoland Dubai ‘will go ahead’ despite delays - developer |date=April 26, 2010 |accessdate=May 3, 2012}}</ref> It has 6 areas: Factory, Lego City, Imagination, Kingdoms, Adventure, and the first indoor Miniland.
|-
! scope="col" colspan="4"| North America
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland California Resort]]
| [[Carlsbad, California]]
| March 20, 1999
| The park is split into nine sections, which are: The Beginning, Explorer Island, Heartlake City, Fun Town, Castle Hill, Miniland USA, Imagination Zone, Pirate Shores, and Land of Adventure. A Sea Life aquarium is adjacent to Legoland California. In 2010, a water park opened on its grounds, as one of the only three of Legoland parks (Followed by Legoland Florida [Formerly known as Splash Island], Malaysia, and Dubai being the newest) to feature a water park. On May 24, 2014, an add-on was built for the water park, themed after [[Legends of Chima]].
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland Florida Resort]]
| [[Winter Haven, Florida]]
| October 15, 2011
| The second Legoland park in the United States, and the world's second largest Legoland park after [[Legoland Windsor]] which is 5 times bigger than the one in Billund.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Net news |url=http://www.netnewspublisher.com/world%E2%80%99s-largest-legoland-park-legoland-florida-will-open-saturday-october-15-2011/ |title=World’s Largest Legoland Park ‘Legoland Florida’ Will Open Saturday, October 15, 2011 |date=May 23, 2011 |accessdate=August 4, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004174453/http://www.netnewspublisher.com/world%E2%80%99s-largest-legoland-park-legoland-florida-will-open-saturday-october-15-2011/ |archivedate=October 4, 2011 |df=}}</ref> The park was built on the former site of [[Cypress Gardens]], a historically famous Florida theme park. This park is divided into 13 areas: The Beginning, Fun Town, Duplo Land, Miniland USA, Kingdoms, Pirates Cove, Imagination Zone, Technic, Land of Adventure, Lego City, Chima, LEGO Friends, Ninjago, and a restored replica of Cypress Gardens. Legoland Florida opened a [[water park]] replacing the former Cypress Gardens "Splash Island" water park on May 26, 2012.
|-
! scope="col" colspan="4"| Asia
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland Japan Resort]]
| [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]]
| April 1, 2017<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yoshimoto |first1=Minako |title=Long line marks opening of Legoland Japan in Nagoya |url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201704020022.html |publisher=[[Asahi Shimbun]] |accessdate=April 4, 2017}}</ref>
| On June 30, 2014, Merlin and [[Nagoya]] city officially announced that they had signed a contract to construct [[Legoland Japan]], to open in Nagoya harbour, Japan, in February 2017.<ref>{{Citation |title=Merlin Entertainments to open Legoland Japan |newspaper=Blooloop |url=http://www.blooloop.com/news/merlin-entertainments-to-open-legoland-japan-in-20/28568#.U7Ox8RZjv18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701130642/http://www.blooloop.com/news/merlin-entertainments-to-open-legoland-japan-in-20/28568#.U7Ox8RZjv18 |archivedate=July 1, 2014 |df=}}.</ref> Construction officially began on April 15, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/lego-blocks-are-unloaded-during-the-legoland-japan-news-photo/469895678 |title=The Asahi Shimbun Weekly |author=The Asahi Shimbun |work=Getty Images}}</ref> The park was expected to cost around US$15 million to construct for the first stage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.screamscape.com/html/legoland_japan.htm |title=New Park to Be Built |work=Legoland Japan |publisher=Scream scape |date=July 8, 2014 |accessdate=July 31, 2014}}</ref> The park officially opened on April 1, 2017. According to the contract, the second stage of the Legoland will be completed in 2021.
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland Malaysia Resort]]
| [[Iskandar Puteri]], [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]]
| September 15, 2012
| It is the first Legoland in Asia. Initially, there are seven themed areas of attractions for all ages which are; Miniland, The Beginning, Land of Adventure, Imagination, LEGO Kingdom, LEGO Technic, and LEGO City. The centerpiece of the park is Miniland, where almost all Asian landmarks were built using LEGO bricks. LEGOLAND® Water Park was built up by March 11, 2016.
|}

== Future parks ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Site
! Proposed location
! Planned opening date
! Details
|-
! scope="col" colspan="4"| North America
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland New York]]
| [[Goshen (town), New York|Goshen, New York]]
| 2020
| In May 2016 Merlin Entertainment PLC reported that it had purchased {{convert|520|acre}} in [[Goshen (town), New York|Goshen]], [[New York (state)|New York]], A town where amusement parks are prohibited by law {current goshen zoning} "just south of the former Arden Hill Hospital" to develop a Legoland theme park,<ref>{{cite web |title=Legoland confirms plans to develop theme park in Orange County |url=http://midhudsonnews.com/News/2016/May/27/Legoland_OC-27May16.html |work=Mid-Hudson News |publisher=Statewide News Network, Inc. |accessdate=May 27, 2016}}</ref> If approved, the project would break ground in spring 2017 and is expected to be completed two years later. In October 2017 the Goshen town board approved the site plan for the proposed park.<ref>{{cite web |title=Town approves plans for Legoland New York |url=http://www.newyorkupstate.com/hudson-valley/2017/10/legoland_new_york_approved.html |publisher=Advance Media New York |accessdate=October 23, 2017}}</ref> Site-clearing work started in January 2018, with a planned opening date of 2020.<ref>{{cite web | last=Bayne | first=Richard J. | title=Legoland site-clearing work underway | website=recordonline.com | date=2018-01-06 | url=http://www.recordonline.com/news/20180105/legoland-site-clearing-work-underway | access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> A Legoland Hotel is also planned to open in 2020 along with the park.
|-
! scope="col" colspan="4"| Asia
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland Korea]]
| [[Gangwon Province, South Korea]]
| Spring 2019
| [[Legoland Korea]] is currently under construction in [[Chuncheon]], [[Gangwon Province, South Korea|Gangwon Province]] slated for opening in Spring 2019<ref>[http://www.kado.net/?mod=news&act=articleView&idxno=848938]</ref> and will be the world's largest Legoland at nearly 1.3 million square meters including a Lego hotel, condos, water park, spa and outlets.<ref name = Donga>{{Citation |publisher=Donga |title=News |date=November 27, 2014 |url=http://news.donga.com/3/all/20141127/68198461/1}}.</ref> It will be the world's first Legoland located on an island.<ref>{{cite web |title=Merlin to open first Legoland theme park in South Korea |date=November 28, 2014 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/28/us-merlin-enter-southkorea-idUSKCN0JC0MA20141128 |website=Reuters |first=Keith |last=Weir |accessdate=November 18, 2014}}</ref> Construction of the bridge connecting the Legoland island to [[Chuncheon Station]] officially began on November 28, 2014 and construction of the theme park will be finished by January 2019.<ref name = Donga /><ref>[http://www.kado.net/?mod=news&act=articleView&idxno=848938]</ref> Located next to [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]]'s [[Chuncheon Station]], the site is a 1-hour trip from [[Seoul]] via the [[Gyeongchun Line|ITX]] train.
|-
! scope="row"| [[Legoland Shanghai]]
| [[Qingpu District]], [[Shanghai]]
| 2022
| On October 21, 2015, Merlin and [[China Media Capital]] announced a $300 million joint venture investment to build a Legoland amusement park in [[Shanghai]], China.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/10/21/uk-merlin-ent-china-idUKKCN0SF0GK20151021 |title=Merlin to open Legoland in Shanghai as part of China growth plans |work=Legoland Shanghai |publisher=Reuters |date=October 21, 2015 |accessdate=October 21, 2015}}</ref> Merlin Chief Executive Nick Varney said that [[Legoland Shanghai]] would be a similarly sized investment to the $300 million parks it is building in Japan, Korea and Dubai. It is expected to open in the [[Dianshan Lake]] area in [[Qingpu District]] by 2022.<ref>[http://www.shanghaidaily.com/metro/society/Legoland-park-planned/shdaily.shtml]</ref>
|}

== Former parks ==
There was an earlier Legoland Park in Germany, from 1973 to 1976.<ref>{{Citation |title=Der Spiegel |place=[[Germany|DE]] |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-40831443.html}}.</ref> It was located in the city of Sierksdorf in northern Germany. In 1976 the park was sold; the former Legoland Sierksdorf is now [[Hansa-Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcdb.com/4873.htm |work=Roller Coaster DataBase |title=Hansa Park}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Hansa-Park |language=de |place=DE |url=http://www.hansapark.de/de/unternehmen/geschichte/ |title=Meilensteine in der Geschichte des Hansa-Parks |accessdate=July 26, 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Legoland Discovery Centre]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q253302|voy=Legoland|c=Category:Legoland|n=no|b=no|v=no|q=no|s=no|wikt=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no}}
*{{official}}

{{Legoland|state=expanded}}
{{Merlin attractions}}
{{Lego}}

[[Category:Legoland| ]]
[[Category:Miniature parks]]
[[Category:Private equity portfolio companies]]
[[Category:The Blackstone Group companies]]
[[Category:Amusement park companies]]

ATP Tour records

2018-04-22T20:06:59Z

Jordiferrer: /* Cumulative season */

{{pp-protected|reason=Persistent [[WP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]]|expiry=18:38, 24 May 2018|small=yes}}
The [[ATP World Tour]] is the top-level men's professional tennis circuit, administered by the [[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP). The tour began in 1990, so all of the records listed here start at that time and are based on official ATP data.<ref>[http://www.atpworldtour.com/Performance-Zone/Performance-Zone-Landing.aspx ATP statistics]</ref>

The names of active players appear in '''boldface''' for their career totals, currently active streaks, and in-progress season totals. However, no boldface is used in lists exclusively for active players.

==Singles==

===All tournaments===

====Titles and finals====

{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|SUI}} '''[[Roger Federer]]''' || 97
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Rafael Nadal]]''' || 76
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Novak Djokovic]]''' || 68
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]] || 64
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andre Agassi]] || 52 
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Andy Murray]]''' || 45
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Thomas Muster]]  || 39
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andy Roddick]] || 32
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Michael Chang]] || 31 
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Lleyton Hewitt]] || 30
|}

{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Finals!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|SUI}} '''Roger Federer '''|| 147
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''Rafael Nadal''' || 112
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|SRB}} '''Novak Djokovic''' || 98
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras || 88
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|USA}} Andre Agassi || 79 
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|GBR}} '''Andy Murray''' || 67
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|USA}} Michael Chang || 54 
|-
|rowspan=2| 8.||{{flagicon|USA}} Andy Roddick || rowspan=2| 52
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[David Ferrer]]'''
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Goran Ivanišević]] || 48
|}

{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Finals win rate!!%!!W–L
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|AUT}} Thomas Muster||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=39 | L=8 }}
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Nikolay Davydenko]]||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=21 | L=7 }}
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Thomas Enqvist]]||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=19 | L=7 }}
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=64 | L=24 }}
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|SRB}} '''Novak Djokovic'''||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=67 | L=30 }}* 
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Gustavo Kuerten]] ||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=20 | L=9 }}
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|ARG}} '''[[Juan Martín del Potro]]''' || {{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=22 | L=10 }}
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''Rafael Nadal'''||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=76 | L=36 }}
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|GBR}} '''Andy Murray'''||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=45 | L=22 }}
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|SUI}} '''Roger Federer|| {{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=97 | L=49 }}* 
|-

|align=center colspan=4 |minimum 25 finals played * not counting walkovers or withdrawals
|}
|}


{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles (active)!!#
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|ESP}} David Ferrer || 27
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|ARG}} Juan Martín del Potro || 22
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Marin Čilić]] || 17
|-
|rowspan=2|8.||{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Stan Wawrinka]] || rowspan=2|16
|-
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jo-Wilfried Tsonga]]
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Richard Gasquet]] || 14

|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Finals (active)!!#
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|ARG}} Juan Martín del Potro || 32
|-
|rowspan=2|7.||{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Tomáš Berdych]] || rowspan=2|31
|-
|{{flagicon|CRO}} Marin Čilić
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Richard Gasquet]] || 29
|-
|rowspan=2|10.||{{flagicon|SUI}} Stan Wawrinka || rowspan=2|28
|-
|{{flagicon|FRA}} Jo-Wilfried Tsonga

|}
|}

====Matches====

{|
|-style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Played!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|SUI}} '''[[Roger Federer]]''' || 1401
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[David Ferrer]]''' || 1085
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Rafael Nadal]]''' || 1070
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Novak Djokovic]]''' || 955
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andre Agassi]]|| 954 
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|CZE}} '''[[Tomáš Berdych]]''' || 953
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]] || 927 
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Yevgeny Kafelnikov]] || 915
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|GER}} [[Tommy Haas]] || 907
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabrice Santoro]] || 905 
|-

|}
{{col-break|gap=2em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Won!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|SWI}} '''Roger Federer'''||1149
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''Rafael Nadal'''||884
|-
|3.|||{{flagicon|SRB}} '''Novak Djokovic'''||788
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras||734
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|USA}} Andre Agassi||733
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''David Ferrer'''||724
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Andy Murray]]''' ||655
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|CZE}} '''Tomáš Berdych'''||626
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Lleyton Hewitt]] ||616
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andy Roddick]] || 612
|-
|}
|}


{|
|-style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Played (active)!!#
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Mikhail Youzhny]] || 900
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Tommy Robredo]] || 887
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Feliciano López]] || 878
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Fernando Verdasco]] || 870
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|GBR}} Andy Murray || 839
|-

|}

{{col-break|gap=2em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Won (active)!!#
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|ESP}} Tommy Robredo || 533
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|FRA}} Richard Gasquet|| 500
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|ESP}} Fernando Verdasco || 499
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|RUS}} Mikhail Youzhny||496
|-

|}
|}

===Grand Slam tournaments===


{|
|-style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
| 1. || {{flagicon|SWI}} '''[[Roger Federer]] || 20
|-
| 2. || {{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Rafael Nadal]] || 16
|-
| 3. || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]] || 14
|-
| 4. || {{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Novak Djokovic]] || 12
|-
| 5. || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Andre Agassi]] || 8
|-
| 6. || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim Courier]] || 4
|-
| rowspan=4| 7. || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Edberg]]  || rowspan=4| 3
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Gustavo Kuerten]]
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Andy Murray]]
|-
| {{flagicon|SWI}} '''[[Stan Wawrinka]]
|-

|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Finals!!#
|-
| 1. || {{flagicon|SWI}} '''Roger Federer || 30
|-
| 2. || {{flagicon|ESP}} '''Rafael Nadal || 23
|-
| 3. || {{flagicon|SRB}} '''Novak Djokovic || 21
|-
| 4. || {{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras || 18
|-
| 5. || {{flagicon|USA}} Andre Agassi || 15
|-
| 6. || {{flagicon|GBR}} '''Andy Murray || 11
|-
| 7. || {{flagicon|USA}} Jim Courier || 7
|-
| 8. || {{flagicon|SWE}} Stefan Edberg || 6 
|-
| rowspan=2| 9. || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Boris Becker]]  || rowspan=2| 5
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Andy Roddick]]
|-
|}
|}

===Year-end tournament===

Currently called the [[ATP Finals]].

{|
|-style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
| 1. || {{flagicon|SWI}} '''[[Roger Federer]] || 6
|-
| rowspan=2| 2. || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]] || rowspan=2| 5
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Novak Djokovic]]
|-
| rowspan=2| 4. || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Boris Becker]] || rowspan=2| 2
|-
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Lleyton Hewitt]]
|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Finals!!#
|-
| 1. || {{flagicon|SWI}} '''Roger Federer || 10
|-
| rowspan=2| 2. || {{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras || rowspan=2| 6
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} '''Novak Djokovic
|-
|rowspan=2| 4. || {{flagicon|GER}} Boris Becker || rowspan=2| 4
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Andre Agassi]]
|}
|}
{|
|-style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!! Consecutive titles!!Years
|-
| 4 || {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2012–15
|-
| rowspan=5| 2 || {{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras || 1996–97
|-
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Lleyton Hewitt || 2001–02
|-
| {{flagicon|SWI}} Roger Federer || 2003–04
|-
| {{flagicon|SWI}} Roger Federer || 2006–07
|-
| {{flagicon|SWI}} Roger Federer || 2010–11
|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!! Consecutive finals!!Years
|-
| rowspan=2| 5 || {{flagicon|SWI}} Roger Federer || 2003–07
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2012–16
|-
| rowspan=2| 3 || {{flagicon|GER}} Boris Becker || 1994–96
|-
| {{flagicon|SWI}} Roger Federer || 2010–12
|}
|}

===Masters 1000 tournaments===

After the Grand Slams and the year-end tournament, the ATP Masters series are the nine annual tournaments that hold the most importance. They are currently called the [[ATP World Tour Masters 1000]] because the winner earns 1000 ranking points.

{|
|- style=vertical-align:top
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
| 1.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Rafael Nadal]] || 31
|-
| 2.||{{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Novak Djokovic]] || 30
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|SUI}} '''[[Roger Federer]] || 27
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andre Agassi]] || 17
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Andy Murray]] || 14
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]] || 11
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Thomas Muster]] || 8
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Michael Chang]] || 7
|-
|rowspan=6| 9. || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim Courier]] || rowspan=6| 5
|-
|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Boris Becker]]
|-
|{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Marcelo Ríos]]
|-
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Gustavo Kuerten]]
|-
|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Marat Safin]]
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andy Roddick]]
|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Finals!!#
|-
|rowspan=2|1.||{{flagicon|SUI}} '''Roger Federer'''|| rowspan=2|47
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}} '''Rafael Nadal'''
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|SRB}} '''Novak Djokovic''' || 44
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|USA}} Andre Agassi || 22
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|GBR}} '''Andy Murray || 21
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras || 19
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|GER}} Boris Becker || 11
|-
|rowspan=2| 8. ||{{flagicon|AUT}} Thomas Muster || rowspan=2| 10
|-
|{{flagicon|BRA}} Gustavo Kuerten
|-
|rowspan=3| 10. ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Edberg]] || rowspan=3| 9
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} Michael Chang
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} Andy Roddick
|}
|}

{|
|- style=vertical-align:top
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!!Titles in a season!!Year
|-
| 6 || {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2015
|-
| rowspan=2| 5 || {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2011
|-
| {{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal || 2013
|-
| rowspan=5| 4 || {{flagicon|SUI}} Roger Federer || rowspan=2| 2005
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal
|-
|{{flagicon|SUI}} Roger Federer || 2006
|-
|{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2014
|-
|{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2016
|-
|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!!Finals in a season!!Year
|-
|8 ||{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic|| 2015
|-
|rowspan=4| 6 ||{{flagicon|SUI}} Roger Federer||2006
|-
|{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic||2011
|-
|{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic||2012
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal||2013
|-
|}
|}

{|
|-style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!! Consecutive titles!!Years
|-
| rowspan=4| 4 || {{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal || 2013
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2013–14
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2014–15
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2015–16
|-
| rowspan=2| 3 || {{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal || 2010
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2011
|-
|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!! Consecutive finals!!Years
|-
| 7 || {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2015–16
|-
| rowspan=2| 5 || {{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal || 2011
|-
| {{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal || 2013
|-
| rowspan=7| 4 || {{flagicon|SWI}} Roger Federer || 2006
|-
| {{flagicon|SWI}} Roger Federer || 2007
|-
| {{flagicon|SWI}} Roger Federer || 2010
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2011
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2012
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2013–14
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic || 2014–15
|-
|}
|}

===500 series tournaments===

This is the class of tournaments in which the winner earns 500 ranking points. This format began in 2009, so these records include the equivalent former classes called the ATP Championship Series (1990–99) and [[ATP International Series Gold]] (2000–08).

{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|SUI}} '''[[Roger Federer]]||20
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Rafael Nadal]]||19
|-
|rowspan=2|3.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]]||rowspan=2|12
|-
|{{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Novak Djokovic]]
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[David Ferrer]]||10
|-
|rowspan=3|6.||{{flagicon|GER}} [[Boris Becker]]||rowspan=3|9
|-
|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Andy Murray]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ARG}} '''[[Juan Martín del Potro]]
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Edberg]]||8
|-
|rowspan=2|10.||{{flagicon|TCH}}/{{flagicon|USA}} [[Ivan Lendl]]||rowspan=2|7
|-
|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Goran Ivanišević]]
|-
|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Finals!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|SUI}} '''Roger Federer||26
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''Rafael Nadal||25
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''David Ferrer||19
|-
|rowspan=2|4.||{{flagicon|GER}} Boris Becker||rowspan=2|14
|-
|{{flagicon|SRB}} '''Novak Djokovic
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras|||13
|-
|rowspan=3|7.||{{flagicon|SWE}} Stefan Edberg||rowspan=3|12
|-
|{{flagicon|CRO}} Goran Ivanišević
|-
|{{flagicon|ARG}} '''Juan Martín del Potro
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|TCH}}/{{flagicon|USA}} Ivan Lendl ||11
|-

|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!!Titles in a season!!Year
|-
|rowspan=3| 4 ||{{flagicon|GER}} Boris Becker || 1990
|-
|{{flagicon|SWE}} Stefan Edberg|| 1991
|-
|{{flagicon|ARG}} Juan Martín del Potro || 2013
|-
|rowspan=7| 3 ||{{flagicon|TCH}}/{{flagicon|USA}} Ivan Lendl || 1990
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras|| 1996
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal|| 2005
|-
|{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic|| 2009
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}} David Ferrer|| rowspan=2| 2015
|-
|{{flagicon|SUI}} Roger Federer
|-
|{{flagicon|GBR}} Andy Murray|| 2016
|-
|}
|}

===250 series tournaments===

This is the class of tournaments in which the winner earns 250 ranking points. This format began in 2009, so these records include the equivalent former classes called the ATP World Series (1990–99) and [[ATP International Series]] (2000–08).

{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Thomas Muster]]||26
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|SUI}} '''[[Roger Federer]]||24
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Lleyton Hewitt]]||22
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andy Roddick]]||21
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]]||20
|-
|rowspan=3|6.||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Michael Chang]]||rowspan=3|19
|-
|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Yevgeny Kafelnikov]]
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andre Agassi]]
|-
|rowspan=3|9.||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Nikolay Davydenko]]||rowspan=3|16
|-
|{{flagicon|GBR}}''' [[Andy Murray]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}}''' [[David Ferrer]]
|-
|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Finals!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|SUI}} '''Roger Federer||33
|-
|rowspan=2|2.||{{flagicon|AUT}} Thomas Muster||rowspan=2|32
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} Andy Roddick
|-
|rowspan=2|4.||{{flagicon|USA}} Michael Chang||rowspan=2|30
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} Lleyton Hewitt
|-
|rowspan=2|6.||{{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras||rowspan=2|29
|-
|{{flagicon|RUS}} Yevgeny Kafelnikov
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Carlos Moyá]]||28
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|USA}} Andre Agassi||27
|-
|rowspan=2|10.||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''David Ferrer||rowspan=2|24
|-
|{{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Richard Gasquet]]
|-

|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!!Titles in a season!!Year
|-
| 7 ||{{flagicon|AUT}} Thomas Muster|| 1993
|-
|rowspan=2| 6 ||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Alberto Berasategui]] || 1994
|-
|{{flagicon|AUT}} Thomas Muster|| 1995
|-
|rowspan=3| 5 ||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Félix Mantilla Botella|Félix Mantilla]] || 1997
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} Andy Roddick|| 2005
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[James Blake (tennis)|James Blake]]|| 2006
|}
|}

===Miscellaneous===

* Most times [[ATP World Tour Awards|ATP Player of The Year]]: 6 – [[Pete Sampras]], 1993–98
* [[Longest tennis match records|Longest match]]: [[John Isner]] defeated [[Nicolas Mahut]] at Wimbledon 2010 in an [[Isner–Mahut match at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships|11-hour-5-minute first round match]] played over three days. (Isner also set the record for [[Ace (tennis)#ATP Tour|aces in a match]] with 113 and Mahut became second with 103.)
* [[Shortest tennis match records|Fastest completed match]]: [[Jarkko Nieminen]] defeated [[Bernard Tomic]] at the [[2014 Sony Open Tennis|2014 Miami Masters]] in 28 minutes and 20 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/mar/21/jarkko-nieminen-greg-rusedski-fastest-win |title=Jarkko Nieminen breaks Greg Rusedski's fastest win record in Miami |work=The Guardian |accessdate=21 March 2014}}</ref>
* Won a Masters 1000 tournament without having serve broken or losing a set: [[Roger Federer]] twice in [[Cincinnati Masters|Cincinnati]] – [[2012 Western & Southern Open – Men's Singles|2012]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Roger Federer |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/rogerfederer/9486924/Roger-Federer-hails-perfect-reaction-to-Andy-Murray-London-Olympics-defeat-with-Cincinnati-Masters-triumph.html |title=Roger Federer hails 'perfect reaction' to Andy Murray London Olympics defeat with Cincinnati Masters triumph |publisher=Telegraph.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-07-08}}</ref> and [[2015 Western & Southern Open – Men's Singles|2015]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Federer wins 7th Cincinnati title; Djokovic denied again|url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2015/08/federer-wins-7th-cincinnati-title-djokovic-denied-again/55997/|website=tennis.com|accessdate=24 August 2015}}</ref>
* 6+ year gap between titles: [[Richard Fromberg]], [[Jarkko Nieminen]], [[Rajeev Ram]]

====Aces====
{|
|-valign=top
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Career [[ace (tennis)|aces]]!!#
|-
| 1. || {{flagicon|CRO}} '''[[Ivo Karlović]]''' || 12,632
|-
| 2. || {{flagicon|SUI}} '''[[Roger Federer]]''' || 10,463
|-
| 3. || {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Goran Ivanišević]] || 10,131
|-
| 4. || {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[John Isner]]''' || 10,009
|-
| 5. || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Andy Roddick]] || 9,068
|-
| 6. || {{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Feliciano López]]''' ||8,908
|-
| 7. || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]] ||8,713
|-
| 8. || {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Ivan Ljubičić]] || 8,121
|-
| 9. || {{flagicon|NED}} [[Richard Krajicek]] || 7,648
|-
| 10. || {{flagicon|UK}} [[Greg Rusedski]] || 7,589
|}
{{col-break|gap=2em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!!Aces in a season!!Year
|-
|1,477||{{flagicon|CRO}} Goran Ivanišević||1996
|-
|1,446||{{flagicon|CRO}} Ivo Karlović||2015
|-
|1,318||{{flagicon|CRO}} Ivo Karlović||2007
|-
|1,260||{{flagicon|USA}} John Isner||2015
|-
|1,185||{{flagicon|CRO}} Ivo Karlović||2014
|-
|1,159||{{flagicon|USA}} John Isner||2016
|-
|1,156||{{flagicon|CRO}} Goran Ivanišević||1994
|-
|1,131||{{flagicon|CRO}} Ivo Karlović||2016
|-
|1,123||{{flagicon|USA}} John Isner||2017
|-
|1,107||{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Milos Raonic]]||2014
|}
|}

====Age====
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!colspan=2|Age of first title!!Event
|-
| rowspan=1| 16
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Lleyton Hewitt]] || [[1998 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships – Singles|1998 Adelaide]]
|-
| rowspan=1| 17
|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Andriy Medvedev]] || 1992 [[Hypo Group Tennis International|Genoa]]
|-
| rowspan=9| 18
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]] || [[1990 Ebel U.S. Pro Indoor – Singles|1990 Philadelphia]]
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Michael Chang]] || [[1990 Canadian Open – Men's Singles|1990 Toronto]]
|-
|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Goran Ivanišević]] || 1990 [[Stuttgart Open|Stuttgart]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Thomas Enqvist]] || 1992 [[ATP Bolzano|Bolzano]]
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andy Roddick]] || [[2001 Verizon Tennis Challenge – Singles|2001 Atlanta]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Rafael Nadal]] || [[2004 Idea Prokom Open – Men's Singles|2004 Sopot]]
|- 
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Gaël Monfils]] || [[2005 Idea Prokom Open – Singles|2005 Sopot]]
|-
|{{flagicon|UK}} [[Andy Murray]] || [[2006 SAP Open – Singles|2006 San José]]
|-
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kei Nishikori]] || [[2008 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships – Singles|2008 Delray Beach]]

|}
{{col-break|gap=2em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!colspan=2|Age of last title!!Event
|-
| 37
|{{flagicon|CRO}} '''[[Ivo Karlović]]'''
|[[2016 Los Cabos Open – Singles|2016 Los Cabos]]
|-
|rowspan=2| 36
|{{flagicon|DOM}} '''[[Víctor Estrella Burgos]]'''
|[[2017 Ecuador Open Quito – Singles|2017 Quito]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SUI}} '''[[Roger Federer]]'''
|[[2018 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament – Singles|2018 Rotterdam]]
|-
|rowspan=5| 35
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andre Agassi]]
|[[2005 Mercedes-Benz Cup – Singles|2005 Los Angeles]]
|-
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabrice Santoro]]
|[[2008 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – Singles|2008 Newport]]
|-
|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Tommy Haas]]
|[[2013 Erste Bank Open – Singles|2013 Vienna]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Feliciano López]]'''
|[[2017 Aegon Championships – Singles|2017 London]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[David Ferrer]]'''
|[[2017 Swedish Open – Men's Singles|2017 Båstad]]
|-

|}
|}

====Cumulative season====
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
!#!!Cons. seasons 90%+ win rate!!Years
|-
|3||{{flagicon|SWI}} [[Roger Federer]]||2004–06
|}
{{col-break|gap=1.4em}}
{|class=wikitable
!#!!Cons. seasons 80%+ win rate!!Years
|-
|rowspan=2|10||{{flagicon|SWI}} Roger Federer||2003–12
|-
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Rafael Nadal]]||2005–14
|-
|7||{{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Novak Djokovic]]||2011–17
|-
|5||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]]||1993–97
|-
|}
{{col-break|gap=1.4em}}
{| class="wikitable"
!#!! Total seasons won 10+ titles!!Years
|-
|3 ||{{flagicon|SUI}} Roger Federer||2004–06
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2 ||{{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal||2005, 13
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic||2011, 15
|}
|}
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{| class="wikitable"
!#!!Cons. seasons won a title!!Years
|-
| rowspan=2| 15 ||{{flagicon|SWI}} Roger Federer || 2001–15
|-
| {{flagicon|ESP}} '''Rafael Nadal || 2004–18
|-
| rowspan=3| 12 ||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Andy Roddick]] || 2001–12
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} '''Novak Djokovic || rowspan=2| 2006–17
|-
| {{flagicon|GRB}} '''[[Andy Murray]]
|-
|11 ||{{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras || 1990–00
|}

{{col-break|gap=1.4em}}
{| class="wikitable"
!#!!Cons. seasons reached a final!!Years
|-
| 19 ||{{flagicon|SWI}} '''Roger Federer || 2000–18
|-
| 15 ||{{flagicon|ESP}} '''Rafael Nadal || 2004–18
|-
| rowspan=3| 14 ||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Carlos Moyá]] || 1995–08
|-
| {{flagicon|CZE}} '''[[Tomáš Berdych]] || 2004–17
|-
|{{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Gaël Monfils]] || 2005–18
|-
| rowspan=4| 13 ||{{flagicon|USA}} Pete Sampras || 1990–02
|-
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]] || 1999–11
|-
| {{flagicon|ARG}} [[David Nalbandian]] || 2001–13
|-
| {{flagicon|GRB}} '''Andy Murray || 2005–17
|-

|}
|}

====Deciding sets====
{|
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!!!Deciding set record!!%||W–L
|-
| 1. ||{{flagicon|JPN}} '''[[Kei Nishikori]]''' ||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=118 | L=37 }}
|-
| 2. || {{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Novak Djokovic]]''' ||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=161 | L=53 }}
|-
| 3. || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]] ||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=182 | L=80 }} 
|-
| 4. || {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Andy Murray]]''' ||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=148 | L=66 }}
|-
| 5. || {{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Rafael Nadal]]''' ||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=150 | L=70 }}
|-
|-

|align="center" colspan="4" |minimum 100 wins

|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!!!5th set record !!%!!W–L
|-
|1. || {{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Tommy Robredo]]''' ||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=17 | L=5 }}
|-
|2. || {{flagicon|SRB}} '''Novak Djokovic''' ||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=28 | L=9 }}
|-
|3. || {{flagicon|JPN}} '''Kei Nishikori''' ||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=16 | L=6 }}
|-
|4. || {{flagicon|CZE}} '''[[Tomáš Berdych]]''' ||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=21 | L=8 }}
|-
|5. || {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Wayne Ferreira]]||{{TWL2C|dec=1 | W=27 | L=12 }}
|-

|align="center" colspan="4" |minimum 15 wins
|}
|}

====Tiebreakers====
{|
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! class=unsortable|Player !! Wins !! Played || Win %
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|SUI}} '''[[Roger Federer]]''' ||423 ||650 || {{tennis win percentage|won=423|lost=227|decimals=1}}
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|CRO}} '''[[Ivo Karlović]]''' ||370 ||736 || {{tennis win percentage|won=370|lost=366|decimals=1}}
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[John Isner]]''' ||363 ||590 || {{tennis win percentage|won=363|lost=227|decimals=1}}
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pete Sampras]] ||328 ||522 || {{tennis win percentage|won=328|lost=194|decimals=1}}
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Andy Roddick]] ||303 ||488 || {{tennis win percentage|won=303|lost=185|decimals=1}}
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Feliciano López]]''' ||294 ||537 || {{tennis win percentage|won=294|lost=243|decimals=1}}
|-
|align="center" colspan="4" |minimum 300 wins or 500 played
|}

==Doubles==
{|
===All tournaments===

==== Titles and finals ====
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|USA }} '''[[Mike Bryan]]||118
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Bob Bryan]]||116
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|CAN}} '''[[Daniel Nestor]]||91
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Todd Woodbridge]]||83
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Mark Woodforde]]||63
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|BAH}} [[Mark Knowles]]||55
|-
|rowspan=4|7.||{{flagicon|NED}} [[Paul Haarhuis]]||rowspan=4|54
|-
|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Jonas Björkman]]
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Leander Paes]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Nenad Zimonjić]]
|}
{{col-break|gap=2em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Finals!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|USA}} '''Mike Bryan||176
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|USA}} '''Bob Bryan||173
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|CAN}} '''Daniel Nestor||151
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|AUS}} Todd Woodbridge||113
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|BAH}} Mark Knowles||99
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|SWE}} Jonas Björkman||97
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|BLR}} '''[[Max Mirnyi]]||97
|-
|rowspan=2|8.||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mahesh Bhupathi]]|| rowspan=2|96
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Leander Paes]]
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|NED}} Paul Haarhuis||94
|-

|}
|}
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!!colspan=2|Team titles
|-
|115 ||{{flagicon|USA}} '''Mike Bryan||{{flagicon|USA}} '''Bob Bryan
|-
|61 ||{{flagicon|AUS}} Todd Woodbridge||{{flagicon|AUS}} Mark Woodforde
|-
|44 ||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Emilio Sanchez]]||{{flagicon|ESP }} [[Sergio Casal]]
|-
|40 ||{{flagicon|CAN}} Daniel Nestor||{{flagicon|BAH }} Mark Knowles
|-
|39 ||{{flagicon|NED}} Paul Haarhuis||{{flagicon|NED}} [[Jacco Eltingh]]
|}
|}

==== Matches ====
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Played!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|CAN}} '''[[Daniel Nestor]]||1538
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Mike Bryan]]||1422
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Bob Bryan]]||1405
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|BLR}} '''[[Max Mirnyi]]||1192
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Leander Paes]]||1183
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|BAH}} [[Mark Knowles]]||1125
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Nenad Zimonjić]]||1124
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Cyril Suk]]||1117 
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mahesh Bhupathi]]||1051
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Jonas Björkman]]||1019
|-

|}
{{col-break|gap=2em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Won!!#
|-
|1.||{{flagicon|USA}} '''Mike Bryan'''||1080
|-
|2.||{{flagicon|USA}} '''Bob Bryan'''||1066
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|CAN}} '''Daniel Nestor'''||1060
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Todd Woodbridge]]||768 
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|BLR}} '''Max Mirnyi'''||765
|-
|6.||{{flagicon|IND}} '''Leander Paes'''||750
|-
|7.||{{flagicon|BAH}} Mark Knowles||744
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|SWE}} Jonas Björkman||712
|-
|9.||{{flagicon|SRB}} '''Nenad Zimonjić'''||709
|-
|10.||{{flagicon|IND}} Mahesh Bhupathi||687
|}
|}

===Grand Slam tournaments===

{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
|rowspan=3|1.||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Todd Woodbridge]]||rowspan=3|16
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Bob Bryan]]'''
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Mike Bryan]]'''
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Mark Woodforde]]||11
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Jonas Björkman]]||9
|-
|rowspan=2|6.||{{flagicon|CAN}} '''[[Daniel Nestor]]'''||rowspan=2|8
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Leander Paes]]'''
|-
|rowspan=3|8.||{{flagicon|NED}} [[Jacco Eltingh]]||rowspan=3|6
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Paul Haarhuis]]
|-
|{{flagicon|BLR}} '''[[Max Mirnyi]]'''
|}
{{col-break|gap=1.5em}}
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Finals!!#
|-
|rowspan=2|1.||{{flagicon|USA}} '''Mike Bryan'''||rowspan=2|30
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} '''Bob Bryan'''
|-
|3.||{{flagicon|AUS}} Todd Woodbridge||20
|-
|4.||{{flagicon|CAN}} '''Daniel Nestor'''||17
|-
|5.||{{flagicon|IND}} '''Leander Paes'''||16
|-
|rowspan=2|6.||{{flagicon|AUS}} Mark Woodforde||rowspan=2|15
|-
|{{flagicon|SWE}} Jonas Björkman
|-
|8.||{{flagicon|NED}} Paul Haarhuis||12
|-
|rowspan=2|9.||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mahesh Bhupathi]]||rowspan=2|10
|-
|{{flagicon|BLR}} '''Max Mirnyi'''
|}
|}
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
{|class=wikitable
|-
!#!!colspan=2|Team titles
|-
|16 ||{{flagicon|USA}} '''Mike Bryan'''||{{flagicon|USA}} '''Bob Bryan
|-
|11 ||{{flagicon|AUS}} Todd Woodbridge||{{flagicon|AUS}} Mark Woodforde
|-
|rowspan=2| 5 ||{{flagicon|NED}} Paul Haarhuis||{{flagicon|NED}} Jacco Eltingh
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} Todd Woodbridge||{{flagicon|SWE}} Jonas Björkman
|}
|}

===Year-end tournament===
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
|rowspan=3| 1. || {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Bob Bryan]]''' || rowspan=3| 4
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Mike Bryan]]'''
|-
|{{flagicon|CAN}} '''[[Daniel Nestor]]'''
|}

===Masters 1000 tournaments===
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
|rowspan=2| 1. || {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Bob Bryan]]''' || rowspan=2| 38
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Mike Bryan]]'''
|-
|3. || {{flagicon|CAN}} '''[[Daniel Nestor]]''' || 28
|-
|4. || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Todd Woodbridge]] || 18
|-
|5. || {{flagicon|BAH}} [[Mark Knowles]] || 17
|}

===500 series tournaments===
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
|1. || {{flagicon|CAN}} '''[[Daniel Nestor]]''' || 20
|-
|2. || {{flagicon|SRB}} '''[[Nenad Zimonjić]]''' || 17
|-
|rowspan=3|3. || {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Bob Bryan]] || rowspan=3| 14
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Mike Bryan]]'''
|-
|{{flagicon|BAH}} [[Mark Knowles]]
|-
|}

===250 series tournaments===
{|class=wikitable
|-
!!!Titles!!#
|-
||1. || {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Mike Bryan]]''' || 45
|-
|2. || {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Bob Bryan]]''' || 43
|-
|3. || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Todd Woodbridge]] || 34
|-
|4. || {{flagicon|CAN}} '''[[Daniel Nestor]]''' || 30
|-
|5. || {{flagicon|NED}} [[Paul Haarhuis]] || 29
|-
|}

==Prize money==

See [[Open Era tennis records – men's singles#Prize money|the Open Era article]] since the leaders and amounts of prize money in that era are the same or nearly the same.

==See also==
{{Portal|Tennis}}
*[[Open Era tennis records – men's singles]]
*[[All-time tennis records – men's singles]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Tennis records and statistics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atp World Tour Records}}
[[Category:ATP Tour|+]]
[[Category:Tennis records and statistics]]

Valerie Miles

2018-02-25T07:11:37Z

Jordiferrer: commonscat

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Valerie Miles
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Valérie Miles 2012.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1963 
| birth_place = New York
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Editor
| language = English and Spanish
| nationality = American
}}

'''Valerie Miles''' ([[New York City|New York]], [[1963]]) is a publisher, writer, translator and the co–founder of ''[[Granta]] en español''. She is known for promoting [[Spanish literature|Spanish]] and [[Latin American literature]] and their translation in the English speaking world, at the same time as bringing American and British authors to Spain and Latin America for the first time, working with main publishing houses on the sector. She is currently the co-director of ''[[Granta]] en español'' and [[The New York Review of Books]] in its Spanish translation. On 2012 she co-curated a [[Roberto Bolaño]] exhibit<ref>Brock, Ollie. [http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/art-and-design/2013/03/reviewed-archivo-bolano-centre-de-cultura-contemporania-de-barcelona "Reviewed: Archivo Bolaño"], ''[[New Statesman]]'', London, 27 March 2013.</ref> at the [[Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona|Center for Contemporary Culture in Barcelona]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cccb.org/en/exhibitions/file/bolano-archive-1977-2003/41449|title=Bolaño Archive. 1977- 2003 {{!}} Exhibitions {{!}} CCCB|website=CCCB|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref> In addition, she is a professor in the post-graduate program for literary translation at the [[Pompeu Fabra University]] in Barcelona.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.granta.com/Contributors/Valerie-Miles|title=Valerie Miles | Contributors | Granta Magazine|date=|publisher=Granta.com|accessdate=2014-05-29}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Born in New York, she grew up in [[Pennsylvania]]; before moving to Spain in 1990, where she began writing about British and American literature in ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' newspaper in 1994. Since then, Miles has published articles, interviews and reviews, also on Spanish language literature for ''[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Nación]]'', ''[[Reforma]]'' and ''[[El País]]''.

=== Publishing ===

In 1999, she started working as a publishing editor for Debolsillo, part of [[Random House]] Spain. On May 2001 she became publishing director at [[Emecé Editores]] ([[Planeta Group|Planeta]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2003/06/12/pagina-42/34185486/pdf.html?search=emece%20valerie%20miles%20%20planeta|title=Valerie Miles, directora general de Emecé en España|last=Digital|first=La Vanguardia|date=May 30, 2001|website=hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com|language=es|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-05-12}}</ref> where she published or promoted translations to Spanish of writers like [[John Cheever]], [[Richard Yates (novelist)|Richard Yates]], [[Yasunari Kawabata]], [[Silvina Ocampo]], [[Edgardo Cozarinsky]], [[Lydia Davis]], [[Monica Ali]] and [[Eliot Weinberger]], among others. On 2006 she moved to [[Alfaguara]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://50aniversario.alfaguara.com/50-anos-de-buena-literatura/|title=50 años de Alfaguara|last=|first=|date=2008|website=Alfaguara|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> where she published [[John Banville]], [[Joyce Carol Oates]], [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]], [[James Lasdun]] and [[Gary Shteyngart]]. Between 2008 and 2012, she was named publishing director of Duomo Ediciones, an imprint of the Italian group Mauri Spagnol, where she published both the work of young Spanish-language authors such as [[Carlos Yushimito]], [[Sebastià Jovani]] and Rodrigo Hasbún and the work of English-language writers in Spain and Latin America, such as [[David Mitchell (author)|David Mitchell]], [[Azar Nafisi]], [[Nicholson Baker]], [[Aleksandar Hemon]], [[Jayne Anne Phillips]], John Gray and [[William Boyd (writer)|William Boyd]]. She also published co-editions Spanish translations of books from the [[New York Review of Books]] collection of contemporary classics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cccb.org/en/autor-valerie_miles-23667 |title=Valérie Miles | - Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona |publisher=Cccb.org |date= |accessdate=2014-05-29}}</ref> In 2013, she was voted one of the "Most Influential Professionals in Publishing" by the Buenos Aires Book Fair.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.el-libro.org.ar/profesionales/todos-los-profesionales-mas-influyentes.html|title=Los profesionales más influyentes | 30.as Jornadas de Profesionales del Libro | Sitio Oficial|date=1984-01-11|publisher=El-libro.org.ar|language=es|accessdate=2014-05-29}}</ref>

=== Granta ===

Valerie Miles founded ''Granta en español'' in 2003 together with Aurelio Major.<ref>http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-103126983.html</ref> Project has been sponsored by Emecé, Alfaguara, Duomo and now by Galaxia Gutenberg in [[Barcelona]], Spain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.granta.com.es/|title=Granta|last=|first=|date=|website=www.granta.com.es|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-05-12}}</ref> The magazine has published nineteen issues so far, including the highly acclaimed selection of ''The Best of Young Spanish-language Novelists'',<ref>Flood, Alison. [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/oct/01/granta-best-young-spanish-language-novelists "Granta Names Best Young Spanish Novelists"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', London, 1 October 2010.</ref><ref>Manrique, Winston. [http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2012/10/02/actualidad/1349207926_330224.html "Una autobiografía y un manifiesto inéditos de Roberto Bolaño"],''[[El País]]'', Barcelona, 3 October 2012.</ref> In April 2014, it was announced that the publisher Galaxia Gutenberg would undertake the publications of the magazine.<ref>[http://ccaa.elpais.com/ccaa/2014/04/04/catalunya/1396647046_788834.html "Granta inicia su cuarta aventura apostando por la crónica"],''[[El País]]'', Barcelona, 5 April 2014.</ref>

=== Publications ===

As a writer In 2014 she published ''A Thousand Forests in One Acorn'', an anthology for which 28 writer Spanish-language writers chose a selection of their own work as representative, with comments by the authors and discussion of their influences.<ref name="kan">{{cite news|url=http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/04/09/the-forest-of-letters-an-interview-with-valerie-miles/|title=The Forest of Letters: An Interview with Valerie Miles|last=Kan|first=Elianna|date=9 April 2015|work=[[The Paris Review]]|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref> Participants include [[Mario Vargas Llosa]], [[Javier Marías]], [[Juan Goytisolo]], [[Ana María Matute]] and [[Carlos Fuentes]].<ref>Chiaravalli, Verónica. [http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1554429-razones-de-autor-que-el-lector-desconoce "Razones de autor que el lector desconoce"], ''[[La Nación]]'', Buenos Aires, 15 February 2013</ref> Book was later translated to [[Romanian language|Romanian]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bucarest.cervantes.es/FichasCultura/Ficha100842_10_1.htm|title=La literatura como necesidad: Valerie Miles y José María Merino en diálogo|last=Cervantes|first=Instituto|date=|website=bucarest.cervantes.es|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.agentiadecarte.ro/2015/05/valerie-miles-%C8%99i-jose-maria-merino-vin-in-romania/|title=Valerie Miles și José María Merino vin în România - Agentia de carte|website=www.agentiadecarte.ro|language=en-US|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref>

As a journalist, she has written articles and book reviews for ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/13/books/review-enrique-vila-matas-plots-his-own-awakening-in-the-illogic-of-kassel.html|title=Review: Enrique Vila-Matas Plots His Own Awakening in ‘The Illogic of Kassel’|last=Miles|first=Valerie|date=2015-08-12|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-06-01|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ''[[The Paris Review]]'', ''[[Harper's Bazaar|Harper´s]]'', ''[[Granta]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'', ''[[La Nación]]'' and the cultural supplement, ''ABCD''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.duomoediciones.com/es/autores/acerca-del-autor-1437.htm|title=Duomo Ediciones|date=|publisher=Duomo Ediciones|accessdate=2014-05-29}}</ref>

As a translator, she has translated into English the work of authors such as [[Enrique Vila-Matas]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndbooks.com/event/two-voices-salon-with-valerie-miles-on-enrique-vila-matas/|title=New Directions Publishing Company - Two Voices Salon with Valerie Miles on Enrique Vila-Matas|website=New Directions Publishing Company|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref> [[Edmundo Paz Soldán]], [[Lucía Puenzo]] and [[Fernando Aramburu]] for publishing houses such as [[New Directions Publishing|New Directions]] and [[Granta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wordswithoutborders.org/contributor/valerie-miles|title=Valerie Miles|date=|publisher=Words Without Borders|accessdate=2014-05-29}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
*''A Thousand Forests in One Acorn'' (Rochester: Open Letter, 2014; {{ISBN|978-1-934824-91-7}}); Spanish edition, ''Mil bosques en una bellota'', Duomo, Barcelona, 2012 {{ISBN|9788492723928}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.npr.org/2010/12/17/132115006/the-new-literary-stars-of-spain-and-latin-america NPR Radio Talks to Valerie Miles about Granta 10]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miles, Valerie}}
[[Category:American women journalists]]
[[Category:American publishers (people)]]
[[Category:Writers from Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Pompeu Fabra University faculty]]

Bathalapalli

2018-01-21T09:44:18Z

Jordiferrer: Name often used as well

#REDIRECT [[Bathalapalle]]

Yerry Mina

2018-01-14T12:27:38Z

Jordiferrer: photo

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{spanish name|Mina|González}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Yerry Mina
| image = Yerry mina.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Mina during his presentation at [[Camp Nou]] in 2018.
| fullname = Yerry Fernando Mina González
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|9|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Guachené]], Colombia
| height = 1.95m<ref>{{cite web|title= Barcelona Profile|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/2017-2018/yerry-mina}}</ref>
| position = [[Defender (football)#Centre-back|Centre-back]]
| currentclub = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
| clubnumber =
| youthyears1 = 2012
| youthclubs1 = [[Deportivo Pasto]]
| years1 = 2013
| clubs1 = [[Deportivo Pasto]]
| caps1 = 14
| goals1 = 1
| years2 = 2014–2016
| clubs2 = [[Independiente Santa Fe|Santa Fe]]
| caps2 = 67
| goals2 = 7
| years3 = 2016–2017
| clubs3 = [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]]
| caps3 = 28
| goals3 = 6
| years4 = 2018–
| clubs4 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
| caps4 = 0
| goals4 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2016
| nationalteam1 = [[Colombia Olympic football team|Colombia Olympic]]
| nationalcaps1 = 4
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 2016–
| nationalteam2 = [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]]
| nationalcaps2 = 9
| nationalgoals2 = 3
| medaltemplates =
| club-update = 11 January 2018
| nationalteam-update = 28 March 2017
}}

'''Yerry Fernando Mina González''' (born 23 September 1994) is a Colombian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Defender (football)#Centre-back|centre-back]] for [[FC Barcelona]].

==Club career==
===Deportivo Pasto===
Born in [[Guachené]], Mina was a [[Deportivo Pasto]] youth graduate, joining the side only at the age of 18.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://independientesantafe.com/2013/12/yo-siempre-habia-sonado-estar-en-santa-fe-yerry-mina/|title=“Yo siempre había soñado estar en Santa Fe” Yerry Mina|trans-title="I always have dreamt of being at Santa Fe" Yerry Mina|publisher=Independiente Santa Fe|language=es|date=18 December 2013|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> Promoted to the main squad during the 2013 season, he made his senior debut on 20 March of that year by starting in a 0–1 away loss against [[Dépor F.C.|Dépor FC]] in the year's [[Copa Colombia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hsbnoticias.com/deportivo-pasto-sigue-tercero-en-copa-colombia-33903|title=Deportivo Pasto sigue tercero en Copa Colombia|trans-title=Deportivo Pasto remain third in the Copa Colombia|publisher=HSB Noticias|language=es|date=21 March 2013|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>

Mina made his [[Categoría Primera A]] debut on 15 September 2013, starting in a 0–0 draw at [[Deportivo Cali]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpais.com.co/deportes/deportivo-cali-no-brillo-en-palmaseca-y-empato-con-el-pasto.html|title=Deportivo Cali no brilló en Palmaseca y empató con el Pasto|trans-title=Deportivo Cali did not shine at the Palmaseca and drew with Pasto|publisher=[[El País (Cali)|El País]]|language=es|date=15 September 2013|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> His first professional goal occurred on 18 October, as he scored his team's first in a 2–2 home draw against [[Atlético Huila]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.minuto30.com/liga-postobon-pasto-aplazo-su-clasificacion-a-cuadrangulares-empato-ante-huila-en-casa/195265/|title=Liga Postobón: Pasto aplazó su clasificación a cuadrangulares empató ante Huila en casa|trans-title=Liga Postobón: Pasto delayed his qualification to the quadrangular drawing with Huila at home|publisher=Minuto 30|language=es|date=19 October 2013|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>

===Independiente Santa Fe===
On 14 December 2013, Mina moved to fellow top tier club [[Independiente Santa Fe]], initially on a one-year loan deal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://independientesantafe.co/2013/12/santa-fe-confirma-nuevo-defensa-central-para-2014/|title=Santa Fe confirma nuevo defensa central para 2014|trans-title=Santa Fe confirm new central defender for 2014|publisher=Independiente Santa Fe|language=es|date=14 December 2013|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> He made his debut for the club the following 25 January, playing the full 90 minutes in a 3–0 home win against [[Rionegro F.C.|Rionegro FC]].

Mina immediately became a regular starter for the side, winning the [[2015 Superliga Colombiana]] by netting the first goal in the 2–0 win against [[Atlético Nacional]] in the second leg of the Finals.

===Palmeiras===
[[File:Yerry Mina.jpg|thumb|Yerry Mina playing in 2017 for Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras]]
On 1 May 2016, Mina was confirmed as the new player of [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]], but only joined the club in the following month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/palmeiras/noticia/2016/05/palmeiras-acerta-contratacao-do-zagueiro-yerry-mina-do-santa-fe.html|title=Palmeiras acerta contratação do zagueiro Yerry Mina, do Santa Fe|trans-title=Palmeiras sign stopper Yerry Mina, from Santa Fe|publisher=[[Globo Esporte]]|language=pt|date=1 May 2016|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> He signed a five-year contract with the club eleven days later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palmeiras.com.br/news/2017/03/07/mina-firma-vinculo-por-cinco-anos-e-se-encanta-com-o-allianz-parque.shtml|title=Mina firma vínculo por cinco anos e se encanta com o Allianz Parque|trans-title=Mina signs five-year link and is delighted with Allianz Parque|publisher=SE Palmeiras|language=pt|date=11 May 2016|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>

Mina made his debut for the club on 4 July 2016, playing a full game in a 3–1 away defeat of [[Sport Club do Recife|Sport Recife]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esporte.uol.com.br/futebol/campeonatos/brasileiro/serie-a/ultimas-noticias/2016/07/04/sport-x-palmeiras.htm|title=Com Jesus decisivo, Palmeiras bate Sport e mantém vantagem na liderança|trans-title=With decisive Jesus, Palmeiras defeat Sport and maintain advantage on the leadership|publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL Esporte]]|language=pt|date=4 July 2016|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> His first goal for the ''Verdão'' arrived in the following fixture, a 1–1 draw against [[Santos FC|Santos]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com.br/noticia/613069_palmeiras-sofre-empate-do-santos-e-tropeca-pela-1-vez-em-casa-no-brasileiro|title=Palmeiras sofre empate do Santos e tropeça pela 1ª vez em casa no Brasileiro|trans-title=Palmeiras suffer draw with Santos and slip for the first time at home in the Brasileiro|publisher=[[ESPN Brasil]]|language=pt|date=12 July 2016|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> He was however substituted off just before the end of the first half due to an apparent injury which had left the defender in tears as he exited the field on a stretcher. On 13 July it was confirmed that Mina would not recover in time for the [[2016 Summer Olympics]], with the expectancy of the injury estimated to be 6–8 weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lance.com.br/palmeiras/com-lesao-mina-fica-fora-por-ate-dois-meses-vai-perder-olimpiada.html|title=Com lesão, Mina fica fora por até dois meses e vai perder a Olimpíada|trans-title=With injury, Mina stays out for until two months and will miss the Olympics|publisher=[[Lance!]]|language=pt|date=13 July 2016|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>

Mina fully recovered from injury in late August 2016, being an undisputed starter during the latter stages of [[2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|the season]]. In September, he scored goals against rivals [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] and [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]], and finished the year with four league goals as his team lifted the trophy after a 22-year absence.

===Barcelona===
On 11 January 2018, Barcelona and Palmeiras reached an agreement for the transfer of Yerry Mina for the remainder of the season and five more until 30 June 2023. This made him the first ever Colombian to play for the club. The cost of the transfer was €11.8 million and his release clause was set at €100 million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/agreement-for-the-transfer-of-yerry-mina-palmeiras-fc-barcelona|title=Agreement for the transfer of Yerry Mina {{!}} FC Barcelona|website=FC Barcelona|language=en-US|access-date=11 January 2018}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Yerry Mina's father and uncle were both professional football goalkeepers. His father advised him to play another position and his uncle took him to [[Deportivo Pasto]]'s trial.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tifofootball.com/features/yerry-minas-journey-colombia-barcelona-via-brazil/|title=Yerry Mina's journey from Colombia to Barcelona, via Brazil - Tifo Football|work=Tifo Football|access-date=10 January 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

His uncle, Jair Mina, is also his agent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2749039-yerry-minas-agent-reveals-no-contact-from-barcelona-amid-january-rumours|title=Yerry Mina's Agent Reveals No Contact from Barcelona Amid January Rumours|last=Jones|first=Matt|work=Bleacher Report|access-date=10 January 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|11 January 2018}}<ref name="SW">{{soccerway|yerry-fernando-mina-gonzalez/289762|Yerry Mina}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.palmeiras.com.br/futebol/elenco/864-Mina|title=Y. Mina|accessdate=16 March 2017|publisher=Palmeiras}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Club
!rowspan=2|Season
!colspan=3|League
!colspan=2|Cup
!colspan=2|Continental
!colspan=2|Other
!colspan=2|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Deportivo Pasto]]
|[[2013 Categoría Primera A season|2013]]
|[[Categoría Primera A]]
|14||1||8||0||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="COS">All appearances in [[Copa Sudamericana]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||24||1
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Club Independiente Santa Fe|Santa Fe]]
|[[2014 Categoría Primera A season|2014]]
|rowspan=3|Categoría Primera A
|34||3||16||0||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="COL">All appearances in [[Copa Libertadores]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||52||3
|-
|[[2015 Categoría Primera A season|2015]]
|23||2||8||0||21<ref group="lower-alpha" name="COL_COS">Ten appearances and one goal in [[Copa Libertadores]], eleven appearances in [[Copa Sudamericana]]</ref>||1||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="SUC">All appearances in [[Superliga Colombiana]]</ref>||1||54||4
|-
|[[2016 Categoría Primera A season|2016]]
||10||2||colspan="2"|—||8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="COL"/>||3||colspan="2"|—||18||5
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!67!!7!!24!!0!!31!!4!!2!!1!!124!!12
|-
|rowspan=3|[[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]]
|[[2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2016]]
|rowspan=2|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]
|13||4||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||15||4
|-
|[[2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2017]]
|15||2||4||0||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="COL"/>||3||8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="PAU">All appearances in [[Campeonato Paulista]]</ref>||0||34||5
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!28!!6!!6!!0!!7!!3!!8!!0!!49!!9
|-
|rowspan=2|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
|[[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]]
|[[La Liga]]
|0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0
|-
!colspan=3|Career total
!109!!14!!38!!0!!40!!7!!10!!1!!197!!22
|}
{{reflist|group="lower-alpha"}}

===International===
{{updated|14 November 2017}}<ref>{{NFT player|pid=64608|accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=3|[[Colombia national football team|Colombia]]
|-
!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|2016||5||1
|-
|2017||4||2
|-
!Total||9||3
|}

====International goals====
:''Scores and results list Colombia's goal tally first.''
{| class="wikitable"
! No !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 11 October 2016 || [[Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez|Estadio Metropolitano]], [[Barranquilla]], Colombia || {{fb|URU}} || align=center| '''2'''–2 || align=center| 2–2 || [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 2. ||rowspan=2| 13 June 2017 ||rowspan=2| [[Coliseum Alfonso Pérez]], [[Getafe]], Spain ||rowspan=2| {{Fb|CMR}} || align=center| '''2'''–0 ||rowspan=2 align=center| 4–0 ||rowspan=2| [[Exhibition match|Friendly]]
|-
| 3. || align=center| '''3'''–0
|}

==Honours==
===Club===
;Santa Fe
*[[Copa Sudamericana]]: [[2015 Copa Sudamericana|2015]]
*[[Superliga Colombiana]]: [[2015 Superliga Colombiana|2015]]

;Palmeiras
*[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A]]: [[2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2016]]

===Individual===
* [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year]]: [[2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2016]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Palmeiras tem oito na seleção do Brasileirão, Gabriel Jesus é o craque |url=http://sportv.globo.com/site/programas/bem-amigos/noticia/2016/12/palmeiras-tem-oito-na-selecao-do-brasileirao-gabriel-jesus-e-o-craque.html |website=sportv.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref>
* [[Campeonato Paulista]] Team of the Year: [[2017 Campeonato Paulista|2017]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/sp/futebol/campeonato-paulista/noticia/com-cinco-jogadores-e-carille-campeao-corinthians-e-base-da-selecao-do-paulistao.ghtml |title=Com cinco jogadores e Carille, campeão Corinthians é base da seleção do Paulistão |trans-title=With five players and Carille, champion Corinthians is the baseline of the ''Paulistão'' team of the year |publisher=Globo Esporte |language=pt |date=8 May 2017 |accessdate=21 May 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{NFT player|pid=64608}}
*{{Soccerway|yerry-fernando-mina-gonzalez/289762}}

{{FC Barcelona squad}}
{{Colombia squad Copa América Centenario}}
{{2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mina, Yerry}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Cauca Department]]
[[Category:Association football central defenders]]
[[Category:Colombian footballers]]
[[Category:Colombian people of African descent]]
[[Category:Deportivo Pasto footballers]]
[[Category:Independiente Santa Fe footballers]]
[[Category:Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players]]
[[Category:FC Barcelona players]]
[[Category:Categoría Primera A players]]
[[Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players]]
[[Category:Colombian expatriate footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in Brazil]]
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in Spain]]
[[Category:Copa América Centenario players]]

Yerry Mina

2018-01-14T12:25:08Z

Jordiferrer: loink

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{spanish name|Mina|González}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Yerry Mina
| image = Yerry mina.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Mina during his presentation at [[Camp Nou]] in 2018.
| fullname = Yerry Fernando Mina González
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|9|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Guachené]], Colombia
| height = 1.95m<ref>{{cite web|title= Barcelona Profile|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/2017-2018/yerry-mina}}</ref>
| position = [[Defender (football)#Centre-back|Centre-back]]
| currentclub = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
| clubnumber =
| youthyears1 = 2012
| youthclubs1 = [[Deportivo Pasto]]
| years1 = 2013
| clubs1 = [[Deportivo Pasto]]
| caps1 = 14
| goals1 = 1
| years2 = 2014–2016
| clubs2 = [[Independiente Santa Fe|Santa Fe]]
| caps2 = 67
| goals2 = 7
| years3 = 2016–2017
| clubs3 = [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]]
| caps3 = 28
| goals3 = 6
| years4 = 2018–
| clubs4 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
| caps4 = 0
| goals4 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2016
| nationalteam1 = [[Colombia Olympic football team|Colombia Olympic]]
| nationalcaps1 = 4
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 2016–
| nationalteam2 = [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]]
| nationalcaps2 = 9
| nationalgoals2 = 3
| medaltemplates =
| club-update = 11 January 2018
| nationalteam-update = 28 March 2017
}}

'''Yerry Fernando Mina González''' (born 23 September 1994) is a Colombian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Defender (football)#Centre-back|centre-back]] for [[FC Barcelona]].

==Club career==
===Deportivo Pasto===
Born in [[Guachené]], Mina was a [[Deportivo Pasto]] youth graduate, joining the side only at the age of 18.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://independientesantafe.com/2013/12/yo-siempre-habia-sonado-estar-en-santa-fe-yerry-mina/|title=“Yo siempre había soñado estar en Santa Fe” Yerry Mina|trans-title="I always have dreamt of being at Santa Fe" Yerry Mina|publisher=Independiente Santa Fe|language=es|date=18 December 2013|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> Promoted to the main squad during the 2013 season, he made his senior debut on 20 March of that year by starting in a 0–1 away loss against [[Dépor F.C.|Dépor FC]] in the year's [[Copa Colombia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hsbnoticias.com/deportivo-pasto-sigue-tercero-en-copa-colombia-33903|title=Deportivo Pasto sigue tercero en Copa Colombia|trans-title=Deportivo Pasto remain third in the Copa Colombia|publisher=HSB Noticias|language=es|date=21 March 2013|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>

Mina made his [[Categoría Primera A]] debut on 15 September 2013, starting in a 0–0 draw at [[Deportivo Cali]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpais.com.co/deportes/deportivo-cali-no-brillo-en-palmaseca-y-empato-con-el-pasto.html|title=Deportivo Cali no brilló en Palmaseca y empató con el Pasto|trans-title=Deportivo Cali did not shine at the Palmaseca and drew with Pasto|publisher=[[El País (Cali)|El País]]|language=es|date=15 September 2013|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> His first professional goal occurred on 18 October, as he scored his team's first in a 2–2 home draw against [[Atlético Huila]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.minuto30.com/liga-postobon-pasto-aplazo-su-clasificacion-a-cuadrangulares-empato-ante-huila-en-casa/195265/|title=Liga Postobón: Pasto aplazó su clasificación a cuadrangulares empató ante Huila en casa|trans-title=Liga Postobón: Pasto delayed his qualification to the quadrangular drawing with Huila at home|publisher=Minuto 30|language=es|date=19 October 2013|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>

===Independiente Santa Fe===
On 14 December 2013, Mina moved to fellow top tier club [[Independiente Santa Fe]], initially on a one-year loan deal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://independientesantafe.co/2013/12/santa-fe-confirma-nuevo-defensa-central-para-2014/|title=Santa Fe confirma nuevo defensa central para 2014|trans-title=Santa Fe confirm new central defender for 2014|publisher=Independiente Santa Fe|language=es|date=14 December 2013|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> He made his debut for the club the following 25 January, playing the full 90 minutes in a 3–0 home win against [[Rionegro F.C.|Rionegro FC]].

Mina immediately became a regular starter for the side, winning the [[2015 Superliga Colombiana]] by netting the first goal in the 2–0 win against [[Atlético Nacional]] in the second leg of the Finals.

===Palmeiras===
On 1 May 2016, Mina was confirmed as the new player of [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]], but only joined the club in the following month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/palmeiras/noticia/2016/05/palmeiras-acerta-contratacao-do-zagueiro-yerry-mina-do-santa-fe.html|title=Palmeiras acerta contratação do zagueiro Yerry Mina, do Santa Fe|trans-title=Palmeiras sign stopper Yerry Mina, from Santa Fe|publisher=[[Globo Esporte]]|language=pt|date=1 May 2016|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> He signed a five-year contract with the club eleven days later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palmeiras.com.br/news/2017/03/07/mina-firma-vinculo-por-cinco-anos-e-se-encanta-com-o-allianz-parque.shtml|title=Mina firma vínculo por cinco anos e se encanta com o Allianz Parque|trans-title=Mina signs five-year link and is delighted with Allianz Parque|publisher=SE Palmeiras|language=pt|date=11 May 2016|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>

Mina made his debut for the club on 4 July 2016, playing a full game in a 3–1 away defeat of [[Sport Club do Recife|Sport Recife]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esporte.uol.com.br/futebol/campeonatos/brasileiro/serie-a/ultimas-noticias/2016/07/04/sport-x-palmeiras.htm|title=Com Jesus decisivo, Palmeiras bate Sport e mantém vantagem na liderança|trans-title=With decisive Jesus, Palmeiras defeat Sport and maintain advantage on the leadership|publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL Esporte]]|language=pt|date=4 July 2016|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> His first goal for the ''Verdão'' arrived in the following fixture, a 1–1 draw against [[Santos FC|Santos]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com.br/noticia/613069_palmeiras-sofre-empate-do-santos-e-tropeca-pela-1-vez-em-casa-no-brasileiro|title=Palmeiras sofre empate do Santos e tropeça pela 1ª vez em casa no Brasileiro|trans-title=Palmeiras suffer draw with Santos and slip for the first time at home in the Brasileiro|publisher=[[ESPN Brasil]]|language=pt|date=12 July 2016|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> He was however substituted off just before the end of the first half due to an apparent injury which had left the defender in tears as he exited the field on a stretcher. On 13 July it was confirmed that Mina would not recover in time for the [[2016 Summer Olympics]], with the expectancy of the injury estimated to be 6–8 weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lance.com.br/palmeiras/com-lesao-mina-fica-fora-por-ate-dois-meses-vai-perder-olimpiada.html|title=Com lesão, Mina fica fora por até dois meses e vai perder a Olimpíada|trans-title=With injury, Mina stays out for until two months and will miss the Olympics|publisher=[[Lance!]]|language=pt|date=13 July 2016|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>

Mina fully recovered from injury in late August 2016, being an undisputed starter during the latter stages of [[2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|the season]]. In September, he scored goals against rivals [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] and [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]], and finished the year with four league goals as his team lifted the trophy after a 22-year absence.

===Barcelona===
On 11 January 2018, Barcelona and Palmeiras reached an agreement for the transfer of Yerry Mina for the remainder of the season and five more until 30 June 2023. This made him the first ever Colombian to play for the club. The cost of the transfer was €11.8 million and his release clause was set at €100 million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/agreement-for-the-transfer-of-yerry-mina-palmeiras-fc-barcelona|title=Agreement for the transfer of Yerry Mina {{!}} FC Barcelona|website=FC Barcelona|language=en-US|access-date=11 January 2018}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Yerry Mina's father and uncle were both professional football goalkeepers. His father advised him to play another position and his uncle took him to [[Deportivo Pasto]]'s trial.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tifofootball.com/features/yerry-minas-journey-colombia-barcelona-via-brazil/|title=Yerry Mina's journey from Colombia to Barcelona, via Brazil - Tifo Football|work=Tifo Football|access-date=10 January 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

His uncle, Jair Mina, is also his agent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2749039-yerry-minas-agent-reveals-no-contact-from-barcelona-amid-january-rumours|title=Yerry Mina's Agent Reveals No Contact from Barcelona Amid January Rumours|last=Jones|first=Matt|work=Bleacher Report|access-date=10 January 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|11 January 2018}}<ref name="SW">{{soccerway|yerry-fernando-mina-gonzalez/289762|Yerry Mina}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.palmeiras.com.br/futebol/elenco/864-Mina|title=Y. Mina|accessdate=16 March 2017|publisher=Palmeiras}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Club
!rowspan=2|Season
!colspan=3|League
!colspan=2|Cup
!colspan=2|Continental
!colspan=2|Other
!colspan=2|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Deportivo Pasto]]
|[[2013 Categoría Primera A season|2013]]
|[[Categoría Primera A]]
|14||1||8||0||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="COS">All appearances in [[Copa Sudamericana]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||24||1
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Club Independiente Santa Fe|Santa Fe]]
|[[2014 Categoría Primera A season|2014]]
|rowspan=3|Categoría Primera A
|34||3||16||0||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="COL">All appearances in [[Copa Libertadores]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||52||3
|-
|[[2015 Categoría Primera A season|2015]]
|23||2||8||0||21<ref group="lower-alpha" name="COL_COS">Ten appearances and one goal in [[Copa Libertadores]], eleven appearances in [[Copa Sudamericana]]</ref>||1||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="SUC">All appearances in [[Superliga Colombiana]]</ref>||1||54||4
|-
|[[2016 Categoría Primera A season|2016]]
||10||2||colspan="2"|—||8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="COL"/>||3||colspan="2"|—||18||5
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!67!!7!!24!!0!!31!!4!!2!!1!!124!!12
|-
|rowspan=3|[[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]]
|[[2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2016]]
|rowspan=2|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]
|13||4||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||15||4
|-
|[[2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2017]]
|15||2||4||0||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="COL"/>||3||8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="PAU">All appearances in [[Campeonato Paulista]]</ref>||0||34||5
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!28!!6!!6!!0!!7!!3!!8!!0!!49!!9
|-
|rowspan=2|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
|[[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]]
|[[La Liga]]
|0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0
|-
!colspan=3|Career total
!109!!14!!38!!0!!40!!7!!10!!1!!197!!22
|}
{{reflist|group="lower-alpha"}}

===International===
{{updated|14 November 2017}}<ref>{{NFT player|pid=64608|accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=3|[[Colombia national football team|Colombia]]
|-
!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|2016||5||1
|-
|2017||4||2
|-
!Total||9||3
|}

====International goals====
:''Scores and results list Colombia's goal tally first.''
{| class="wikitable"
! No !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 11 October 2016 || [[Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez|Estadio Metropolitano]], [[Barranquilla]], Colombia || {{fb|URU}} || align=center| '''2'''–2 || align=center| 2–2 || [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 2. ||rowspan=2| 13 June 2017 ||rowspan=2| [[Coliseum Alfonso Pérez]], [[Getafe]], Spain ||rowspan=2| {{Fb|CMR}} || align=center| '''2'''–0 ||rowspan=2 align=center| 4–0 ||rowspan=2| [[Exhibition match|Friendly]]
|-
| 3. || align=center| '''3'''–0
|}

==Honours==
===Club===
;Santa Fe
*[[Copa Sudamericana]]: [[2015 Copa Sudamericana|2015]]
*[[Superliga Colombiana]]: [[2015 Superliga Colombiana|2015]]

;Palmeiras
*[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A]]: [[2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2016]]

===Individual===
* [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year]]: [[2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2016]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Palmeiras tem oito na seleção do Brasileirão, Gabriel Jesus é o craque |url=http://sportv.globo.com/site/programas/bem-amigos/noticia/2016/12/palmeiras-tem-oito-na-selecao-do-brasileirao-gabriel-jesus-e-o-craque.html |website=sportv.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref>
* [[Campeonato Paulista]] Team of the Year: [[2017 Campeonato Paulista|2017]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/sp/futebol/campeonato-paulista/noticia/com-cinco-jogadores-e-carille-campeao-corinthians-e-base-da-selecao-do-paulistao.ghtml |title=Com cinco jogadores e Carille, campeão Corinthians é base da seleção do Paulistão |trans-title=With five players and Carille, champion Corinthians is the baseline of the ''Paulistão'' team of the year |publisher=Globo Esporte |language=pt |date=8 May 2017 |accessdate=21 May 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{NFT player|pid=64608}}
*{{Soccerway|yerry-fernando-mina-gonzalez/289762}}

{{FC Barcelona squad}}
{{Colombia squad Copa América Centenario}}
{{2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mina, Yerry}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Cauca Department]]
[[Category:Association football central defenders]]
[[Category:Colombian footballers]]
[[Category:Colombian people of African descent]]
[[Category:Deportivo Pasto footballers]]
[[Category:Independiente Santa Fe footballers]]
[[Category:Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players]]
[[Category:FC Barcelona players]]
[[Category:Categoría Primera A players]]
[[Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players]]
[[Category:Colombian expatriate footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in Brazil]]
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in Spain]]
[[Category:Copa América Centenario players]]

Rei

2017-12-25T12:32:55Z

Jordiferrer: /* Other */

{{Infobox given name
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| pronunciation = similar to the English word "ray"
| gender = Unisex
| meaning = Japanese: Different depending on the [[kanji]] used Hebrew: ''my shepherd; my companion; my friend''
| region = {{flagicon|Israel}} {{flagicon|Japan}}
| origin = [[Hebrew]] and [[Japanese language|Japanese]]
| alternative spelling =
| nickname =
| variant forms =
| related names =
| name day =
| derived =
| popularity =
| footnotes =
| wikt = {{wiktionary|Rei|rei}}
}}

'''Rei''' is both a [[Japanese name|Japanese]] given name and a [[Hebrew name|Hebrew]] given name.
*In Japanese, Rei can have different meanings depending on the [[kanji]] used
*In Hebrew, the name Rei (רעי ''Re`iY'') originates in biblical texts which mean "my shepherd; my companion; my friend".
*In Hebrew, the word 'Rei' can be used for (or by) either gender, while in Japanese, Rei is generally only a given name for females. Rei can also be used as a [[Japanese surname|surname]].

{{tocright}}
==Possible writings in Japanese==
*麗, "lovely, elegance, beautiful"
*霊, "spirit, ghost"
*例, "example"
*零, "zero"
*玲, "exquisite, clever, sound of jewels"
*令, "rule, order"
*礼, "etiquette, bow, gratitude"
*怜, "wise"
*鈴, "small bell"
*嶺, "peak, summit"
*黎, "black, dark, many"
*澪, "water route, shipping canal"
*励, "encourage"
*レイ, Rei written in [[katakana]]
*れい, Rei written in [[hiragana]]

==People==
*Rei (רעי), one of those who retained their allegiance to King David when Adonijah rebelled: ''[[1 Kings]] 1:8''
*[[Rei Berroa]] (born 1949), Dominican-American poet, university professor, literary and cultural critic, and translator
*[[Rei Hiroe]] (広江礼威, born 1972), Japanese manga artist
*[[Rei Igarashi]] (大濱貴子, born 1963), Japanese actress and voice actress
*[[Rei Kawakubo]] (川久保玲, born 1942), Japanese fashion designer, founder of Comme des Garçons
*[[Rei Kikukawa]] (菊川怜, born 1978), Japanese actress, model and television presenter
*[[Rei Mikamoto]] (三家本礼), Japanese horror manga artist
*[[Rei Okamoto]] (岡本玲, born 1991), Japanese model and actress
*[[Rei Omishi]] (臣士れい), Japanese screenwriter and manga author/artist
*[[Reihaneh Safavi-Naini|Reihaneh "Rei" Safavi-Naini]] (ريحانه صفوی نائينی), Iranian-born computer science professor
*[[Rei Sakuma]] (佐久間レイ, born 1965), Japanese voice actor
*[[Pelé]] (born 1940), ("The King" (O Rei)), Brazilian association football player
*[[Eusébio]] (1942–2014), ("The King" (O Rei)), former Portuguese association football player
*[[José Fontana (footballer)]] (Rei, 1912–1986), Brazilian association football player
*[[Rei (wrestler)]], Hong Kong professional wrestler
*[[Rei Hasegawa]] (長谷川霊, born 1993), italian painter and illustrator.

==Characters==
*[[Rei Ayanami]], character from the anime and manga series ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'', and the film ''The End of Evangelion''
*[[Rei Hasekura]], from the light novel series ''Maria-sama ga Miteru''
*[[Rei Hino]] (Sailor Mars), one of the main characters in the ''Sailor Moon'' anime and manga series
*[[Rei Hizuki]], a secondary character in ''[[Sky Girls]]''
*[[Rei Kashino]], a troubled playboy who is a professional motorcycle racer from the manga ''[[Mars (manga)|Mars]]''
*Rei Kiriyama, a professional shōgi player who is the protagonist of the manga and anime series ''[[March Comes in Like a Lion]]''
*[[Rei Kurosawa]], a 23-year-old freelance photographer from the ''[[Fatal Frame]]'' video games
*Rei Miyamoto, a survivor in ''[[Highschool of the Dead]]''
*Rei Houjou, alias Fifth in ''[[Mirai Nikki]]''
*[[Rei (Breath of Fire character)]], from ''[[Breath of Fire III]]''
*[[Rei (Fist of the North Star character)]]
*[[Rei Saotome]] (Blair Flannigan), a character in ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! GX]]''
*[[Rei Tachibana]] (aka Dynapink), from ''[[Kagaku Sentai Dynaman]]''
*[[Rei Toei]], from the ''Bridge'' trilogy novels
*[[Rei (Urusei Yatsura character)|Rei]], from the anime and manga series ''Urusei Yatsura''
*Rei the canine warrior from the PS2 game ''[[Ōkami]]''
*Rei Ryghts, a character in the PS3 game ''[[Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory]]''
*Rei Takashima, from the anime and manga series ''[[Deadman Wonderland]]''
*Rei Furuya, from the anime and manga series ''[[Detective Conan]]''
*Rei Ryugazaki, from the anime series ''[[Free! (anime)|Free! – Iwatobi Swim Club]]''
*Rei Hōōmaru, from the anime series ''[[Kill la Kill]]''
*Rei Suzuya (later changed his name to Juuzou Suzuya), from the anime and manga series ''[[Tokyo Ghoul]]''
*Rei Ogami from anime and manga series ''[[Code:Breaker]]''
*Rei Sagara from the anime and manga series ''[[Love Stage!!]]''
*Rei from Nintendo 3DS game and manga ''[[Persona Q: Shadow of the Labyrinth]]''
*Rei Shimizu from ''[[Danganronpa]]''

==Places==

*[[Ray, Iran|Rei, Iran]], an ancient Zoroastrian city, now a suburb of Tehran

==Other==
*[[Higurashi Rei]], the third season of the anime ''[[Higurashi When They Cry]]''
*[[Rei Momo (Carnival character)]]
*''[[Rei Momo]]'', a 1989 album
*''[[Rei vindicatio]]'', a legal action by which the plaintiff demands that the defendant return a thing that belongs to the plaintiff
* REI, FAA/IATA identifier for [[Redlands Municipal Airport]] a public use airport in Redlands, California
*Rei, Portuguese and Catalan name for a [[King (chess)|King]] in Chess
*[[Radiation Effects in Insulators]], an international conference held every second year since 1981
*[[REI]], US retail corporation organized as a consumers' cooperative
*[[Remote error indication]], an alarm signal used in [[synchronous optical networking]]
*[[Reproductive endocrinology and infertility]], a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology
*[[Restricted Entry Interval]], time interval after application of pesticide (on plants) during which ordinary persons (i e not wearing protective gear) are not supposed to enter the premises.<ref>[http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/enforce/bulletins/rei_doc.pdf Restricted Entry Intervals] State of California, California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Pesticide Regulation</ref>
*[[Real Estate Investing]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{disambiguation|given name}}
[[Category:Japanese unisex given names]]

Basilica of Santa Maria, Igualada

2017-11-18T07:21:21Z

Jordiferrer: /* The building */

{{Infobox church
| name = Santa Maria d'Igualada
| fullname = Basilica de Santa Maria d'Igualada
| image = Santa Maria church- Igualada.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Main altarpiece

| denomination = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vic]]
| parish =
| division =
| subdivision =
| founded date =
| founder =
| architect = [[Pere Blai]] Rafael Plançó Pau Ginestar
| style = [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] and [[Renaissance]]
| years built = 1003
| dedicated date =
| closed date =
| demolished date =
| bishop =
| priest =
| archdeacon =
| dean =
| provost =
| rector =
| canon =
| prebendary =
| curate =
| chaplain =
| vicar =
| deacon =
| abbot =
| minister =
| seniorpastor =
| pastor =
| location =
| country = {{ESP}}
| coordinates = {{coord|41|34|43.05|N|1|37|6.23|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| website = https://web.archive.org/web/20100523171458/http://anota.net/santamaria/
}}
The '''Basilica of Santa Maria''' is the main temple and the most important historical building of [[Igualada]], [[province of Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]. Santa Maria church origin is from the 11th century, but the current building is mainly from the 17th century.

== Origin and history ==
The church of Santa Maria, also known as the "big church" (in [[Catalan language]] "Església Gran"), is the most important historical building of Igualada, capital of the [[Anoia]] comarca. The first settlement of Igualada is dated around year 1000, in the location were the current church lies today, which was at that time a crossing of the two routes which were linking [[Barcelona]] with [[Aragon]], and the north of [[Catalonia]] with its south. The origins of the church are from the 11th century, but most of the current building is from the 17th century.

During the [[Spanish Civil War]] it was converted into a market, and was restored after the war, under the guidance of the architect [[Cèsar Martinell]]. In 1949 Santa Maria obtained the title of [[Minor Basilica]] granted by the [[pope Pius XII]].

The most recent rehabilitation took place in the 1980s, which was inaugurated in 1990. The elements of the church are the result of different construction stages and therefore respond to different aesthetic influences and styles.

== The building ==
[[File:Vista des de Rambla General VIves 007.jpg|thumb]]
=== Central Body ===
Santa Maria has a single [[nave]]. Its structure is typical of the [[Catalonia|Catalan]] [[Renaissance]], which is characterized by the formal austerity. This is proved by the aesthetic treatment of the facade, which only emphasizes the [[rosette window]], as well as the side walls, where the uniformity is broken only by windows and the [[buttress]]es, which are decorated by some of [[gargoyle]]s, with human and animal forms. The roof of the nave has a design typical of the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]: the [[Vault (architecture)|vault]]. The arches of the ceiling form a skeleton of ribs, which come together in different spherical elements, where there are carved figures of saints. The round arches rest on pillars of Italianate style, topped by a gallery of [[Arcade (architecture)|arcades]], called [[triforium]], and a [[cornice]]. An [[apse]] with quadrangular base closes the end of the nave. This space, where the main [[altar]] is located, is covered by a star-shaped vault, where the keys represent the [[Virgin Mary]], at the center, and the [[Four Evangelists|evangelists]], at the sides.

=== Side Chapels ===
At both sides, the nave of Santa Maria is flanked by twelve chapels. Despite the [[Baroque style]], the decoration of some of the chapels is relatively recent, since they were rebuilt after the [[Spanish Civil War]] tanks to donations from "gremis", the local trade organizations. As examples, the altars of [[Saint Anthony Abbot]] ([[patron saint]] of [[muleteer]]s), Saint [[Isidore the Laborer]] (patron of farmers), [[Saint Anthony of Padua]] (patron of [[tanner (occupation)|tanner]]s), [[Saint Christopher]] (patron of [[motorist]]s) and Saint [[Antonio Maria Claret]] (patron of [[weaver (occupation)|weaver]]s). Under the bell tower, covered by a [[pointed arch]], there is the altar of [[Our Lady of Sorrows]], considered the oldest part of the church and which corresponds to a widening of the old [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] chapel, built in the 14th century .

=== "Sant Crist" chapel ===
One of the distinctive elements of the church is the "Sant Crist" chapel. This element, of baroque style, dates from the early 18th century and occupies an annex on the left side of the nave, near the bell tower. It has a [[Latin cross]] base. It is covered by a [[hemispherical]] [[dome]], supported by four pairs of [[pilaster]]s. The interior is decorated with a painting from [[Francesc Tremulles]] representing the [[Holy Trinity]] and Mary. At the shells beneath the dome, this decoration is completed with figures of the Evangelists, painted by [[Miquel Llacuna]]. Regarding the exterior, it is covered with an octagonal dome. In the apse there is the altarpiece with the image of Saint Christ of Igualada, a reproduction of a 14th-century Gothic carving, which disappeared during the civil war. Two murals painted by [[Camps Dalmases]] evoke the miracle of Christ's blood sweat, which according to tradition took place in Igualada in 1590.

=== Main Altarpiece ===
The main [[altarpiece]] is possibly the most important element of the church. Although construction began in the 18th century, the work was not completed until the end of that century, due to the [[War of the Spanish Succession]]. This delay meant that the [[Baroque style]] of the initial project was offset by a certain [[classicism]] during the final execution. The altarpiece is the work of [[Jacint Morató]] and [[Josep Sunyer]]. During the civil war it was dismantled and partially destroyed. After the conflict, it was rebuilt under the direction of the well-known architect [[Cèsar Martinell]]. The most recent restoration of Santa Maria, in the 1980s, included cleaning work on the altarpiece.

The altarpiece of Santa Maria is considered the first major work of Catalan art made after the Succession War, and has three clearly differentiated levels. The center is dominated by the figure of the [[Immaculate Conception]], carried by angels and located within a niche. At the sides, the Virgin Mary is flanked by figures of her parents, [[Saint Joachim]] and [[Saint Anne]], under which there are medallions representing two passages from the life of the Virgin: the wedding and the [[Presentation of Mary]]. The image of the Virgin is crowned by a dove representing the [[Holy Spirit]], on which there is a medallion with the [[God the Father|Eternal Father]]. On the second floor of the altar there are images of [[Saint Roch]] and [[Saint Faust]], linked to the traditional [[Breviary|prayerbook]] of Igualada. Both figures are flanked by four musician angels, typical of the baroque imagery. Among them, the angel which plays the guitar is considered an almost unique specimen in the religious iconography of the period. At the upper floor, the altar is crowned by the figure of [[St. Bartholomew]], patron of Igualada, the Sun and the [[Gates in Jerusalem's Old City Walls#Gates|gates of Jerusalem]]. Symbolically, all the altarpiece is sustained by four [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]] made of [[marble]], representing the four seasons of the year. The side walls have two sculptural panels, crowned by the emblem of the city, representing the [[Epiphany (holiday)|Epiphany]] and the [[adoration of the shepherds]].

=== Organ ===
The [[organ (music)|organ]] is located at the upper floor of the church, under the [[rose window]] of the facade. It was built in the mid-18th century by [[Antoni Boscà]]. During the civil war it was moved to the [[Piarists|Escolàpies]] [[convent]], which was used as a concert hall during the conflict. It was restored in 1980 under the direction of master organ maker [[Gerhard Grenzing]]. It is considered one of the most notable organs in Catalonia, and this is why each year the basilica hosts an International Organ Festival.

=== Bell Tower ===
The [[bell tower]] was built in the 16th century during the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] period. With austere beauty, has decoration at the upper windows and some small [[arched window]]s. Its section is square and covered on all four sides. It has seven bells, and six of them, built in Germany, have been installed recently.

=== Other elements ===
Among the Atlas which are holding up the altar there are the two entries to the [[vestry]], with the arms of the city above each one. The first side chapel, at the right side, has an allegorical painting of [[Segimon Ribó]], which represents Christ's blood sweat in Igualada, which took place in 1590. The [[baptistery]], of [[modernist]] aesthetics, is the work of [[Ignasi Colomer]], and is located on the left of the entrance. The [[crypt]] beneath the [[chancel]] was built after the civil war, from a project of [[Cèsar Martinell]]. At the exterior of the main facade there are two plaques that commemorate the participation of Igualada citizens at the [[Battle of the Bruch]].

The mixture of elements that make up Santa Maria is the result of various building stages and is the consequence of historical vicissitudes. A visit to the church is like a journey through the history of Igualada and the history of art.

== "Fulgentia" exhibition ==
Fulgentia is a permanent exhibition of religious art which can be visited at the basilica of Santa Maria. It has two areas: the left gallery of the [[triforium]], where there are about 70 pieces displayed, and the store, an area which can not be visited, near the sacristy. Some of the pieces are among the best works of the Catalan [[goldsmith]] art.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Basilica of Santa Maria, Igualada}}
*[http://www.anota.net/santamaria/ Church website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basilica Of Santa Maria, Igualada}}
[[Category:Igualada]]
[[Category:Churches in Catalonia]]
[[Category:Basilica churches in Spain|Santa Maria, Igualada]]

Carles Buïgas

2017-11-11T20:38:45Z

Jordiferrer: Foto

[[File:Museu Cerdanyola - Retrat de Carles Buïgas 04.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Carles Buïgas]]
'''Carles Buïgas i Sans''' (18 January 1898 in [[Barcelona]] – 27 August 1979 in [[Cerdanyola del Vallès]]) was a Catalan architect, engineer, inventor and author.

== Biography ==
[[File:Font Màgica del Montjuïc.jpg|right|thumb|Magic Fountain, [[Montjuic]]]]

Buïgas was born into an educated family in Barcelona, son of the architect [[Gaietà Buïgas]]. When he was seven, his family moved to [[Montevideo]] (Uruguay) but returned to Barcelona in 1910. In 1916, he entered the School of Industrial Engineers of Barcelona; he did not graduate as he started to work as an assistant for the Exhibition of Electrical Industries of Barcelona. Later he continued to study at the ''École de Civil Génie'' of Paris.

In 1922 Buïgas designed his first project with illuminated [[water fountain]]s for the Royal Palace of [[Pedralbes]]. [[Eugeni d'Ors]] described his work as a new style of art, the art of ''agualuz''. His most famous work is the Magic Fountain of [[Montjuic]], created for the [[1929 Barcelona International Exposition|International Exposition in Barcelona in 1929]].<ref>[http://www.barcelona-tourist-guide.com/albums-en/magic-fountains-montjuic/ The Magic Fountain of Montjuic]</ref>

During the [[Spanish Civil War]] he settled in Paris, where he resided until 1942. During these years he gained international reputation and he obtained commissions for projects for international expositions in [[Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937)|Paris (1937)]], Liege (1939), Lisbon (1940), Rome (1953), and the [[Expo 58]] at Brussels. In 1955, he designed the Teatro del Aqua y Luz for the [[Fair of Peace and Fraternity of the Free World|international fair in Santo Domingo]]. As an inventor he designed a [[torpedo bomber]] seaplane in 1914, a device to recover seasand for construction (1922), a one-person[[midget submarine]] (1932), a remote-controlled torpedo guided by ultrasound (1931–1933) and other devices.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/b/buigas.htm |title=Carles Buigas |accessdate=September 17, 2009}}</ref>

Besides his architectural works, Buïgas wrote for magazines and published a number of books. He spent the last years of his life in [[Cerdanyola del Vallès]] where he died and is buried.

== Works ==
# Magic Fountain, [[Montjuic]], [[Barcelona]]
# [[Teleférico del puerto]], Barcelona
# Fountain, [[Barcelona Airport]], Barcelona
# Illumination, [[Sagrada Família]], Barcelona
# Teatro del Aqua y Luz, [[Santo Domingo]]
# Copy of magic fountain montjuic, [[Salou]]

== Books ==
* 1943 - ''Bajo las constelaciones''.
* 1946 - ''El hombre entre enigmas y prodigios''.
* 1960 - ''La Nave Luminosa''.
* 1966 - ''El teatre integral amb escenari d'Aigua-Llum-Música''.
* 1973 - ''Viajes interplanetarios y algo más''.
* 1973 - ''Hechos, ideas y proyectos''.
* 1975 - ''La extraordinaria aventura''.
* 1975 - ''La gran revolución''.
* 1976 - ''El día 41''

== Sources ==
The initial page is based on a free and expanded translation of the corresponding Spanish Wikipedia site from 17 September 2009.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.bcn.es/buigas/exp_fr.htm Site about Carles Buigas (in Spanish)]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buigas, Carles}}
[[Category:Catalan architects]]
[[Category:Catalan inventors]]
[[Category:Catalan engineers]]
[[Category:Catalan writers]]
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]

Kensington Road

2017-10-15T18:35:01Z

Jordiferrer: Princes Gate, London, SW7

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2015}}
{{refimprove|date=August 2010}}

{{Coord|51|30|6.6|N|0|10|22|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}

[[File:Kensington Road 2 2008 06 19.jpg|thumb|Kensington Road from the [[Royal Albert Hall]], looking west.]]
[[File:CabShelter.JPG|thumb|Cabmen's Shelter in Kensington Road, close to the junction with [[Queen's Gate]].]]
[[File:Kensington Road 1 2008 06 19.jpg|thumb|Kensington Road and bus stop.]]

'''Kensington Road'''<ref>[http://www.londontown.com/LondonStreets/kensington_road_cc0.html Kensington Road Guide — Kensington, London W8], [http://www.londontown.com/ LondonTown.com].</ref> is a section of road in the [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea]] and [[City of Westminster|Westminster]], [[London]], [[England]], forming part of the [[A315 road|A315]]. It runs along the south edge of [[Kensington Gardens]] and [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]]. To the west it becomes [[Kensington High Street]], to the east it becomes [[Knightsbridge]], while [[Kensington Gore]] is the name applied to the middle section. To the north is [[Kensington Palace]] and to the south the road is joined by [[Palace Gate]], [[Queen's Gate]], [[Exhibition Road]], and Rutland Gate (west to east).

Kensington Road houses one of the remaining thirteen [[Cabmen's Shelter]]s used by London's taxi drivers as a place to buy food and (non-alcoholic) drink.{{citation needed|date=August 2010}}

The London bus routes [[London Buses route 9|9]], [[London Buses route 10|10]], [[London Buses route 52|52]], [[London Buses route 360|360]] and [[London Buses route 452|452]] serve Kensington Road.

Running adjacent to Kensington Road on the south side, separated by a high wall, is Princes Gate. It was named after a gate into [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], opened in 1848 by [[Edward VII]], the then Prince of Wales. In 1855 some stuccoed terraces were built opposite it, facing Kensington Road. They were described by [[Leigh Hunt]] as like "a set of tall, thin gentlemen squeezing together to look at something over the way". Many of the individual properties are now embassies or offices. Notable ones include:<ref name="Prince's Gate">{{cite book|authors=[[Ben Weinreb|Weinreb, Ben]] and [[Christopher Hibbert|Hibbert, Christopher]] |title=[[The London Encyclopaedia]] |edition=reprint |year=1992 |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] |page=640}}</ref>

* The [[Embassy of Iran, London|Embassy of Iran]], 16 Prince's Gate
* The [[Embassy of Ethiopia, London|Embassy of Ethiopia]], 17 Prince's Gate
* The [[Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum]], 20 Prince's Gate
* The [[Embassy of Thailand, London|Embassy of Thailand]] (branch), 28 Prince's Gate
* The [[Embassy of Tunisia, London|Embassy of Tunisia]], 29 Prince's Gate
* The [[Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, London|Embassy of the United Arab Emirates]], 30 Prince's Gate
* The [[Embassy of Afghanistan, London|Embassy of Afghanistan]], 31 Prince's Gate (entrance in Exhibition Road)<ref name="Prince's Gate"/>

Several notable people lived in Prince's Gate too. Field Marshal [[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig|Douglas Haig]] lived and died at No. 21 in 1928; [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Robert Baden-Powell]] lived at No. 32 in 1903-14; and [[Joseph Chamberlain]] lived at No. 72 in 1880-2. No. 14 was the home of [[Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.|Joseph Kennedy]] when he was the American ambassador to Britain in 1937-40, accompanied by his son [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref name="Prince's Gate"/>

== See also ==
* [[Cabmen's Shelter Fund]]
* [[14 Prince's Gate, London]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Streets in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea]]
[[Category:Streets in the City of Westminster]]

{{London-road-stub}}

Harvey Nichols

2017-10-15T07:30:47Z

Jordiferrer: better photo

{{Use British English|date=January 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Harvey Nichols Group plc
|logo = HarveyNichols logo.svg
|type = [[Subsidiary]]
|foundation = [[London]], UK (1831)
|defunct =
|locations = 16
|industry = Retail
|slogan =
|parent = [[Dickson Concepts]]
|homepage = http://www.harveynichols.com/
}}

'''Harvey Nichols''', founded in 1831, is a luxury [[United Kingdom|British]] [[department store]] chain with a flagship store in [[Knightsbridge]], London. It sells fashion collections for men and women, [[fashion accessories]], beauty products, wine and food.

==History==
[[File:2017 Harvey Nichols, Knightsbridge store 03.jpg|thumb|Harvey Nichols at the corner of [[Knightsbridge]] and [[Sloane Street]] in London]]
In 1831 Benjamin Harvey opened a linen shop in a terraced house on the corner of Knightsbridge and Sloane Street in London.

In 1835 the shop expanded to number 8 next door, and would continue to expand into successive properties over the following years. In 1841 Benjamin employed James Nichols from Oxfordshire. In 1845 Nichols was promoted to management and in 1848 he married Harvey’s niece, Anne Beale.

Benjamin Harvey died in 1850, leaving the business in the care of his wife Anne, who went into partnership with James Nichols to form Harvey Nichols & Co.

In 1889, the existing space was demolished to make way for a new department store. The building was designed by C Q Stephens and built in stages between 1889 and 1894. In 1904 the location underwent a change of address to become 109-125 Knightsbridge. In 1920 Harvey Nichols was purchased by [[Debenhams]].<ref name=history>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.debenhamsplc.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=196805&p=history|website=Debenhams|accessdate=28 April 2015}}</ref>

In 1975 a restaurant called Harvey’s opened on the fifth floor.

In 1985 Debenhams including Harvey Nichols was acquired by the Burton Group. In 1991, [[Dickson Poon]] of [[Dickson Concepts]] acquired Harvey Nichols from the Burton Group. Harvey Nichols was refurbished. A new restaurant, café, bar and food market, designed by architects Wickham & Associates, opened on the fifth floor in 1992, with a direct access lift which allowed for later opening hours after the main store closed. Ten years later in 2002 the restaurant interior was replaced by a new design by Lipschutz Davison.

On 17 February 2014 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2014/1/08/stacey-cartwright-new-harvey-nichols-ceo-joseph-wan|title=Vogue- Meet Harvey Nichols's New CEO|accessdate= 9 April 2014}}</ref> Stacey Cartwright joined Harvey Nichols as Chief Executive Officer of the Harvey Nichols Group of Companies. She replaced Joseph Wan, who held the position of CEO for 21 years and who retired at the end of March 2014.

==Locations==
[[File:Harvey Nichols Central Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|A branch store in [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]], Hong Kong]]
In the United Kingdom, Harvey Nichols has stores in [[London]], [[Leeds]], [[Edinburgh]], [[Birmingham]], [[Manchester]], [[Bristol]] and a Beauty Bazaar at Harvey Nichols' store in [[Liverpool]]. It has a store in [[Al-Faysaliyah Tower]] in [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]], a store at [[Dundrum Town Centre]], Dublin in Ireland and two stores (The Landmark and Pacific Place) and a Beauty Bazaar (The One) in [[Hong Kong]]. It opened a store in [[Istanbul]]'s [[Kanyon Shopping Mall]] on 13 October 2006. In February 2006, it opened a store in [[Dubai]], designed by architecture firm [[Callison]] in the [[Mall of the Emirates]]. The Dubai store is operated by Al Tayer Insignia,(Al Tayer group LLC) the luxury retail arm of [[Al Tayer Group]]. A store in the [[Grand Indonesia]] mall in [[Jakarta]], Indonesia was operated by the Indonesian retail conglomerate Mitra Adiperkasa (MAP) from October 2008, but closed due to poor performance in September 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bataviase.co.id/node/384313 |title=Harvey Nichols to Close Just 2 Years After Opening |publisher=Bataviase.co.id |date=17 September 2010 |accessdate=12 January 2012}}</ref> On 25 January 2009 a new store opening was announced for [[Kuwait]] which opened in 2012. Harvey Nichols opened a 22,000 square foot store in Manesty's Lane in the [[Liverpool One]] shopping area in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Houghton |first=Alistair |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2012/01/09/liverpool-one-shop-confirmed-by-harvey-nichols-92534-30086568/ |title='Liverpool One Shop For Harvey Nichols' – Liverpool Echo, 9th January 2012 |publisher=Liverpoolecho.co.uk |accessdate=12 January 2012}}</ref>

The London [[flagship]] store is located in [[Knightsbridge]], a few streets from rival [[Harrods]]. In addition to its fashion retailing business, Harvey Nichols redeveloped the top floor of its London flagship store to create a restaurant, bar, café, wine shop, and foodmarket. A similar concept operates from the top floors of all Harvey Nichols full-size stores. In 1996 Harvey Nichols launched its first stand-alone restaurant in London, the [[OXO Tower]] Restaurant, Bar, and Brasserie, viewing the [[River Thames]]. OXO and three of the in-store restaurants were designed by London-based architects [[Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands]].[[File:harvey nichols store in bristol arp.jpg|thumb|right| Harvey Nichols [[Bristol]] store at [[Cabot Circus]] opened in September 2008. The tower above is luxury flats.]]

In May 2013, Harvey Nichols announced they were to double the size of the [[Birmingham]] store located in [[The Mailbox]] complex. The store will cover 45,000 square feet, double the size of the existing store.<ref>{{cite news |last=Alexander |first= Ella|date=30 May 2013 |title= Harvey Nichols' New Move: Bigger, Better And In Birmingham|url= http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/05/30/harvey-nichols-reopens-birmingham-store---expansion--relocation|newspaper= Vogue|accessdate= 9 March 2014}}</ref> In 2015, Harvey Nichols opened a store in Baku, [[Azerbaijan]]. After four months, Harvey Nichols terminated its licence agreement with the Baku store, which now trades under a different name.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Butler|first1=Sarah|title=Harvey Nichols drops Azerbaijan store after split with business partner|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jul/22/harvey-nichols-drops-azerbaijan-baku-business|accessdate=25 August 2015|agency=The Guardian|date=22 July 2015}}</ref>

==Controversy==
Soon after opening a new store in Edinburgh in 2002, the managers faced an official complaint after staff tried to stop a homeless man selling the [[Big Issue]] magazine outside.<ref>{{cite web|author=Published on Saturday 17 August 2002 01:00 |url=http://news.scotsman.com/homelessness/Magazine-sales-a-Big-Issue.2353035.jp |title=Magazine sales a Big Issue at Harvey Nicks |work=The Scotsman |location=UK |date=17 August 2002 |accessdate=12 January 2012}}</ref>

In mid-2003 objections were made to a Harvey Nichols magazine advertisement that appeared in [[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]], [[ELLE]] and [[Harpers & Queen]] and on a poster. The complainants objected that the advertisement was irresponsible, because it showed unsafe driving and was offensive to people who had been, or who knew people who had been involved in road accidents.<ref>{{cite web|title=EasyJet faces ASA rap as 'sexist and offensive' ad is investigated|work=Marketing Week|date=June 12, 2003|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-104518158.html|quote=The ASA has also ordered Harvey Nichols to withdraw its press and poster ad, which shows a female car driver applying lipstick and a blurred photograph of a pedestrian through the windscreen, on the grounds of it being irresponsible and offensive to people who have been involved in road accidents.|publisher=via HighBeam {{Subscription required}} }} </ref>

In September 2013, Harvey Nichols resumed the sale of fur in its United Kingdom stores following a decade-long embargo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Annie|title=Cruel In The Name Of Cool; PETA Video Disputes Claims of Industry's 'Ethical' Label|work=Daily Record|date=November 27, 2014|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-391658176.html|quote=PETA are continuing to target Harvey Nichols, who recently abandoned their decade-long fur-free policy in order to start selling Origin Assured fur.|publisher=via HighBeam {{Subscription required}} }} </ref> The decision attracted much criticism, focusing on the way animals were treated. The company denied allegations of cruelty and insisted its furs are ethically sourced from reputable suppliers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Annie|title=Cruel In The Name Of Cool; PETA Video Disputes Claims of Industry's 'Ethical' Label|work=Daily Record|date=November 27, 2014|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-391658176.html|quote=A Harvey Nichols spokesman said yesterday: We only source products from reputable brands, which includes seeking the assurance that the fur they use has been sourced responsibly.|publisher=via HighBeam {{Subscription required}} }} </ref>

== See also ==
* [[Walter Cobb (department store)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Harvey Nichols}}
*[http://www.harveynichols.com Harvey Nichols website]
*[http://www.lds-uk.com/projects/hn-knightsbridge Harvey Nichols Knightsbridge project]

{{UK Department stores}}

[[Category:British Royal Warrant holders]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Debenhams]]
[[Category:Department stores of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Food halls]]
[[Category:Knightsbridge]]
[[Category:Shops in London]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1831]]
[[Category:British companies established in 1831]]

Martin Burgess

2017-10-07T19:25:48Z

Jordiferrer: photo

'''Edward Martin Burgess''' [[Society of Antiquaries of London|FSA]] [[British Horological Institute|FBHI]], born 21 November 1931, known as '''Martin Burgess''', is an [[England|English]] [[horologist]] and master [[clockmaker]].
==Early life==
Burgess was educated at [[Gresham's School]], [[Holt, Norfolk|Holt]], between 1944 and 1949, where he was a member of [[Farfield]]. His exact contemporaries at Farfield included [[Robert Aagaard]], later a furniture maker and conservator who founded the youth movement Cathedral Camps.<ref>''Old Greshamian Club Book'' (Cromer, Cheverton & Son Ltd, 1998), p. 17</ref><ref>'AAGAARD, Robert', in ''Who Was Who'', A. & C. Black, 1920–2007; online edition by [[Oxford University Press]], December 2007: [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U4890 AAGAARD, Robert] (subscription required), accessed 10 August 2008</ref>

Burgess's memories of Gresham's during the freezing months of January to March 1947, the coldest British winter on record, are quoted at length in ''I Will Plant Me a Tree: an Illustrated History of Gresham's School'' (2002). Not only was the winter icy cold, but because of fuel-shortages the school was unheated. Burgess recalls that "Periods were held in full overcoats and scarves and gloves. If it happened now the School would be closed, but such a step was not even thought of then. In any case, the roads were blocked... One day the School was called out to dig out a farm, or was it a small village? Hurrah! No periods! In the afternoon everyone prayed there would be periods, it was so cold. A man had died."<ref>Benson, Steve, ''I Will Plant Me a Tree: an Illustrated History of Gresham's School'' (2002) 85-86</ref>

==Career==
After a first career as a restorer of [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] antiquities, Burgess turned to [[horology]] and [[clockmaker|clock-making]] and has specialized in building innovative and gigantic [[clock]]s, often with a detached [[escapement]].

He is also a leading expert on [[John Harrison]], the 18th century horologist who built the first ever successful [[marine chronometer]], leading to the possibility of an accurate measurement of [[longitude]].

Burgess coined the term ''sculptural horology'' in the 1960s.

===Notable clocks===
[[File:Martin Burgess - Clock B at the Royal Observatory - Greenwich.jpg|thumb|Clock B at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.]]
Burgess’s Sculptural Clock with Bells has the dimensions {{convert|8|ft|abbr=on}} high, {{convert|54+1/2|in|abbr=on}} wide, and {{convert|18+1/2|in|abbr=on}} deep, and is now in the Former Time Museum of [[Rockford, Illinois]].

His magnificent Second Sculptural Clock, made in 1965, is now owned by the American graphic artist [[Donald Saff]]. The clock (which appeared on the cover of the ''[[Horological Journal]]'' for August 2001) has a massive compound [[pendulum]] which beats at 2.5 seconds and an escape wheel which turns in five minutes. A limited edition of thirty-five half-size replicas, known as ‘'Concord clocks'’, [[John Harrison|Harrison style]] with grasshopper escapement and compound pendulum, was made by E. Dent and has the dimensions {{convert|30|in|abbr=on}} high, {{convert|14|in|abbr=on}} wide, {{convert|11|in|abbr=on}} deep.

His Gurney Clock was given to the people of [[Norwich]] by [[Barclays Bank]] to mark the 200th anniversary of the founding of what is now Barclays by the [[Gurney]] family in Norwich in 1775. The clock is in the shape of a golden lion [[automaton]] in a golden castle (the lion and castle are two of the [[Heraldry|heraldic]] symbols of Norwich) and has a weight-driven precision clock movement based closely on one designed in the 1740s by [[John Harrison]]. On the hour, bronze balls are taken by the lion and travel down a track to a set of scales (a symbol of Barclay’s Bank) and on into the castle. The clock took eleven years to build and was housed in a public park, but by 1992 it had been badly vandalised. After a long campaign by the Norwich Society, it was then restored and installed in the Castle Mall, Norwich, inside a massive glass and metal case.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sculpturefornorwich.co.uk/NorwichSculpture.php?id=406 |title=Sculpture for Norwich: Gurney Clock}}</ref>

A second, nearly identical clock movement, ''Clock B'', was built to test John Harrison's claim that his clock designs were capable of maintaining time to within 1 second over 100 days.<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Description concerning such Mechanism as will afford a nice, or true Mensuration of Time; together with Some Account of the Attempts for the Discovery of the Longitude by the Moon; and also An Account of the Discovery of the Scale of Musick |url=http://www.hsn161.com/HSN/CSM.pdf |first=John |last=Harrison |authorlink=John Harrison |place=London |year=1775 |pages=25–41}}</ref> This was an improvement on the state of the art for land-based clocks almost as dramatic as his seagoing designs. Indeed, it was only reached at the beginning of the 20th century with evacuated pendulum clocks such as the [[Riefler escapement|Riefler]] and [[Shortt-Synchronome clock|Shortt]].

Clock B lay incomplete in Burgess' workshop until 2009, when [[Donald Saff]] acquired the unfinished movement and arranged for it to be completed (with much input from Burgess) by [[Charles Frodsham]] and Company.<ref name=computus>{{cite web |url=http://www.computus.org/journal/decoding-harrison/ |title=Decoding Harrison |website=The Computus Engine |date=August 25, 2014 |accessdate=2015-04-29 |first=John |last=Dalziel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frodsham.com/burgess-regulator/ |title=Martin Burgess, Regulator ‘B’ |website=Charles Frodsham and Co. Ltd. |accessdate=2015-04-29}}</ref>

In March 2014, the clock was moved to the [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich]] for testing and further adjustments were made during 2014.<ref name=computus/> Finally, in a 100-day test between January 6 and April 16, 2015, it lost 5/8 of a second to claim the title of the most accurate mechanical clock with a pendulum swinging in free air.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/john-harrisons-longitude-clock-sets-new-record--300-years-on-10187304.html |journal=The Independent |first=Steve |last=Connor |date=19 April 2015 |title=John Harrison's 'longitude' clock sets new record – 300 years on}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Harrison / Burgess Clock B |website=leapsecond.com |url=http://leapsecond.com/pend/clockb/ |accessdate=2015-04-23 |first=Tom |last=van Baak}}</ref>

==Publications==
*''The Mail-maker's Technique'' in ''The Antiquaries Journal'' Vol 33 (1953) 48-55
*''Further Research into the Construction of Mail Garments'' in ''The Antiquaries Journal'' Vol 33 (1953) 193-202
*''The Mail Shirt From Sinigaglia'' in ''The Antiquaries Journal'' Vol 37 (1957) 199-205
*''A Mail Shirt From The Hearst Collection'' in ''The Antiquaries Journal''
*''A Habergeon of Westwale'' by William Reid and E. Martin Burgess in ''The Antiquaries Journal''
*''The Grasshopper Escapement, its Geometry and its Properties'' in ''Antiquarian Horology'', Volume 7, part 5 (1970)
*''Principles and Objectives'', in ''Conservation of Clocks and Watches'' (ed. Peter B. Wills, British Horological Institute)
*''How Greenwich Observatory Lost the Harrison Regulators'' (in ''Horological Journal'', November 1974)
*''The Harrison Regulator for the Gurney Clock'' (in ''Horological Journal'', July 1987)
*''Looking forward to the Harrison Seminar'' (in ''Horological Journal'', July 1988)
*''Reply to Mr Greene from Martin Burgess'' (in ''Horological Journal'', April 1990)
*''Questioning Airy'' (in ''Horological Journal'', July 1990)
*''Harrison & H4'' (in ''Horological Journal'', November 1993)
*''Quest for Longitude'' (in ''Horological Journal'', April 1997)

==Honours==
*Fellow of the [[Society of Antiquaries of London|Society of Antiquaries]]
*Fellow of the [[British Horological Institute]]

==Documentary film==
The documentary ''Clock-maker'' (1971), directed and produced by Richard Gayer, is a profile of Burgess. It focuses on the building of one of his gigantic clocks, an open mechanism eighteen feet high, driven by weights and weighing some 350 kilograms, or 760 pounds avoirdupois.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
*[http://www.bhi.co.uk/hj/John%20Harrison%20in%20the%20HJ.htm Burgess on John Harrison]
*[http://www.my-time-machines.net/dent_-_concorde.htm The Dent-Concord clock]
*[http://surfin_dude.tripod.com/creative/clocks/future/hopes.html Time to Dream]
*[http://norwich1.com/interesting.htm Norwich's Gurney Clock]
*[http://www.ahsoc.demon.co.uk/AHS%20list%20of%20articles.pdf Antiquarian Horology]
*[http://www.burgessclockb.com Burgess Clock B]
*[http://wornandwound.com/2015/06/23/the-240-year-old-pendulum-clock-thats-more-accurate-than-your-watch/ "The 240 Year Old Pendulum Clock That's More Accurate Than Your Watch"]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burgess, Martin}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:English clockmakers]]
[[Category:People educated at Gresham's School]]
[[Category:People from Essex]]
[[Category:English designers]]
[[Category:English inventors]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Globtik Tokyo

2017-08-16T20:15:12Z

Jordiferrer: correcting

{|{{Infobox ship begin |display title=ital}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image= Model oil tanker Globtik Tokyo - Science Museum (London).jpg
| Ship caption= Model of Globtik Tokyo at the [[Science Museum, London]]
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=
| Ship name=''Globtik Tokyo''
| Ship owner=*[[Globtik Tankers|Globtik Tankers Ltd.]] (1973–1979)
*[[Norop Tankers|Norop Tankers Corp.]] (1979–1986)<ref name="auke">[http://www.aukevisser.nl/supertankers/id57.htm Globtik Tokyo]. Auke Visser. {{retrieved | accessdate=2011-09-01}}</ref>
| Ship operator=
| Ship registry=*[[London]], {{GBR}} (1973–1979)
*{{flag|Liberia}} (1979–1986)<ref name="auke" />
| Ship route=
| Ship ordered=
| Ship builder=[[IHI Corporation|Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd.]], [[Kure]], [[Japan]]<ref name="auke" />
| Ship original cost=
| Ship yard number=2239<ref name="auke" />
| Ship way number=
| Ship laid down=3 April 1972
| Ship launched=14 October 1972<ref name="auke" />
| Ship completed=20 February 1973
| Ship christened=
| Ship acquired=
| Ship maiden voyage=
| Ship in service=1973–1986<ref name="auke" />
| Ship out of service=
| Ship identification=[[IMO number|IMO]] 7229942<ref name="auke" />
| Ship fate=Broken up<ref name="auke" />
| Ship status=
| Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header=
| Header caption=<ref name="auke" />
| Ship class=
}}
|-
| Type:
| [[Crude oil tanker]]
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = yes
| Ship tonnage=*{{GT|238,232}}
*{{NetT|184,190}}
*{{DWT|483,684}}
| Ship displacement=
| Ship length=*[[Length overall|LOA]] {{convert|378.88|m|ft|abbr=on}}
*[[Length between perpendiculars|LPP]] {{convert|359.98|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam={{convert|62.06|m|ft|abbr=on|1}}
| Ship height=
| Ship draught={{convert|28.201|m|ft|abbr=on|1}}
| Ship draft=
| Ship depth=
| Ship decks=
| Ship deck clearance=
| Ship ramps=
| Ship ice class=
| Ship sail plan=
| Ship power=Steam turbine, {{convert|33,570|kW|hp|abbr=on}}
| Ship propulsion=
| Ship speed=*{{convert|17|kn|abbr=on}} (ballast)
*{{convert|16|kn|abbr=on}} (max. loaded)
*{{convert|14.5|kn|abbr=on}} (service)
| Ship capacity=
| Ship crew=
| Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''''Globtik Tokyo''''' was one of three [[oil tanker]]s in its class. At the time her keel was laid in 1972 she was the largest supertanker in the world at 378.85 meters (1,242 feet) and 483,684 tonnes (dwt). She held that distinction until 1973 when her sister ship the ''Globtik London'' was launched. Identical in size the ''London'' was larger by 276 dead weight tonnes (dwt). Both ships had a hold capacity of 580 million liters (3.65 million US barrels).<ref name="Abranson">E. Abranson (1976). ''Ships of the High Seas'', Eurobook Ltd. pp.119-120.</ref>

Owned by Globtik Tankers, London they were built by Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries in Kure Japan, now known as [[IHI Corporation]]. Both ships have been retired from service and broken up for scrap, the ''London'' in 1985<ref>http://www.aukevisser.nl/supertankers/id57.htm</ref> and the ''Tokyo'' in 1986.<ref>http://www.aukevisser.nl/supertankers/id69.htm</ref>

The third and largest ship in this class was the 484276 dwt''Nissei Maru'' owned by Tokyo Tankers built in 1975 and scrapped in 2003.

==Propulsion==
The ''Tokyo'' was powered by steam turbines totaling 45,000 horsepower geared to a single shaft. The drive system was capable of 16 knots, 17 under ballasted load conditions (empty hold). Surprisingly nimble for a ship her size, she had a turning circle shorter than three times her length and could stop in under three miles with her single screw in reverse.<ref name="Abranson"/>

==See also==
[[List of world's longest ships]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tankers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Tankers of Liberia]]
[[Category:1972 ships]]

Globtik Tokyo

2017-08-16T20:10:36Z

Jordiferrer: photo

{|{{Infobox ship begin |display title=ital}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image= Model oil tanker Globtik Tokyo - Science Museum (London).jpg
| Ship caption= Model of Globtik Tokyo at the [[Science Museum, London]]
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=
| Ship name=''Globtik Tokyo''
| Ship owner=*[[Globtik Tankers|Globtik Tankers Ltd.]] (1973–1979)
*[[Norop Tankers|Norop Tankers Corp.]] (1979–1986)<ref name="auke">[http://www.aukevisser.nl/supertankers/id57.htm Gloptik Tokyo]. Auke Visser. {{retrieved | accessdate=2011-09-01}}</ref>
| Ship operator=
| Ship registry=*[[London]], {{GBR}} (1973–1979)
*{{flag|Liberia}} (1979–1986)<ref name="auke" />
| Ship route=
| Ship ordered=
| Ship builder=[[IHI Corporation|Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd.]], [[Kure]], [[Japan]]<ref name="auke" />
| Ship original cost=
| Ship yard number=2239<ref name="auke" />
| Ship way number=
| Ship laid down=3 April 1972
| Ship launched=14 October 1972<ref name="auke" />
| Ship completed=20 February 1973
| Ship christened=
| Ship acquired=
| Ship maiden voyage=
| Ship in service=1973–1986<ref name="auke" />
| Ship out of service=
| Ship identification=[[IMO number|IMO]] 7229942<ref name="auke" />
| Ship fate=Broken up<ref name="auke" />
| Ship status=
| Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header=
| Header caption=<ref name="auke" />
| Ship class=
}}
|-
| Type:
| [[Crude oil tanker]]
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = yes
| Ship tonnage=*{{GT|238,232}}
*{{NetT|184,190}}
*{{DWT|483,684}}
| Ship displacement=
| Ship length=*[[Length overall|LOA]] {{convert|378.88|m|ft|abbr=on}}
*[[Length between perpendiculars|LPP]] {{convert|359.98|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam={{convert|62.06|m|ft|abbr=on|1}}
| Ship height=
| Ship draught={{convert|28.201|m|ft|abbr=on|1}}
| Ship draft=
| Ship depth=
| Ship decks=
| Ship deck clearance=
| Ship ramps=
| Ship ice class=
| Ship sail plan=
| Ship power=Steam turbine, {{convert|33,570|kW|hp|abbr=on}}
| Ship propulsion=
| Ship speed=*{{convert|17|kn|abbr=on}} (ballast)
*{{convert|16|kn|abbr=on}} (max. loaded)
*{{convert|14.5|kn|abbr=on}} (service)
| Ship capacity=
| Ship crew=
| Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''''Globtik Tokyo''''' was one of three [[oil tanker]]s in its class. At the time her keel was laid in 1972 she was the largest supertanker in the world at 378.85 meters (1,242 feet) and 483,684 tonnes (dwt). She held that distinction until 1973 when her sister ship the ''Globtik London'' was launched. Identical in size the ''London'' was larger by 276 dead weight tonnes (dwt). Both ships had a hold capacity of 580 million liters (3.65 million US barrels).<ref name="Abranson">E. Abranson (1976). ''Ships of the High Seas'', Eurobook Ltd. pp.119-120.</ref>

Owned by Globtik Tankers, London they were built by Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries in Kure Japan, now known as [[IHI Corporation]]. Both ships have been retired from service and broken up for scrap, the ''London'' in 1985<ref>http://www.aukevisser.nl/supertankers/id57.htm</ref> and the ''Tokyo'' in 1986.<ref>http://www.aukevisser.nl/supertankers/id69.htm</ref>

The third and largest ship in this class was the 484276 dwt''Nissei Maru'' owned by Tokyo Tankers built in 1975 and scrapped in 2003.

==Propulsion==
The ''Tokyo'' was powered by steam turbines totaling 45,000 horsepower geared to a single shaft. The drive system was capable of 16 knots, 17 under ballasted load conditions (empty hold). Surprisingly nimble for a ship her size, she had a turning circle shorter than three times her length and could stop in under three miles with her single screw in reverse.<ref name="Abranson"/>

==See also==
[[List of world's longest ships]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tankers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Tankers of Liberia]]
[[Category:1972 ships]]

Jaume Plensa

2017-05-01T08:02:16Z

Jordiferrer: photo

[[File:O Jaume Plensa - Premi Atlàntida (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jaume Plensa (December 2015)]]
[[File:Jaume Plensa House of Knowledge 01.JPG|thumb|''House of Knowledge'' in [[Borås]], Sweden]]
[[File:STATUES PLACE MASSENA.jpg|thumb|''Figures representing seven continents'', [[Nice]], France]]

'''Jaume Plensa''' ({{IPA-ca|ˈʒawmə ˈpɫɛnsə}}; born 1955) is a [[Spanish people|Spanish]] artist and sculptor.<ref>
{{citation|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/06_june/16/breathing_2.shtml|title=Breathing - a new sculpture for Broadcasting House|work=BBC Press Office|accessdate=2008-07-30}}</ref>

==Biography==
Plensa was born in Barcelona, [[Catalonia]] and studied art there, in the "Llotja" School and in the Escola Superior de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi.

His works include the ''[[Crown Fountain]]'' at [[Millennium Park]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]], United States.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.millenniumpark.org/artandarchitecture/jaume_plensa.html |title=Millennium Park :: Art and Architecture :: The Crown Fountain |publisher=www.millenniumpark.org |accessdate=30 July 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724031652/http://www.millenniumpark.org/artandarchitecture/jaume_plensa.html |archivedate=July 24, 2008 }}.</ref> It opened in July 2004.<ref name=Artropolis/><ref name=AT>{{citation|url=http://www.architechmag.com/articles/detailarchitech.asp?articleid=2622|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061202104702/http://www.architechmag.com/articles/detailarchitech.asp?articleid=2622 |archivedate=December 2, 2006 |accessdate=2007-06-13|publisher=Stamats Business Media|date=July–August 2005|work=Archi•Tech|title=Crown Fountain}}.</ref> The fountain is composed of a black granite [[reflecting pool]] placed between a pair of [[glass brick]] towers. The towers are {{convert|50|ft|m}} tall,<ref name=Artropolis>{{citation|url=http://mmart.com/artropolis/citywide_events/public_art/index.html|accessdate=13 June 2007|year=2007|publisher=Merchandise Mart Properties, Inc|title=Artropolis|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105232924/http://mmart.com/artropolis/citywide_events/public_art/index.html|archivedate=5 November 2007}}.</ref> and they use [[light-emitting diode]]s (LEDs) to display digital videos on the inward faces.

Another Plensa piece is ''Blake in Gateshead'', in [[North East England]], a [[laser beam]] that on special occasions shines high into the night sky over [[Gateshead]]'s [[Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art]]. In the summer of 2007 he participated in the Chicago [[Public Art]] exhibit, ''[[Cool Globes: Hot Ideas for a Cooler Planet]]''.

[[File:Singapore Soul (2011) by Jaume Plensa, Ocean Financial Centre, Singapore - 20140609.jpg|thumb|upright|''Singapore Soul'' (2011) at the [[Ocean Financial Centre]], Singapore]]
[[File:El-alma-del-Ebro-jaume-plensa.jpg|thumb|''El alma del Ebro'', [[Zaragoza]], [[Aragon]]]]

In 2007, working closely with a group of local ex-miners, he was also commissioned to create a new work on the landmark site of a former colliery near [[St Helens, Merseyside]], as part of the Big Art Project, a major national [[public art]] initiative linked to [[Channel 4]]. Unveiled in spring 2009, ''[[Dream (sculpture)|The Dream]]'' consists of an elongated white structure {{convert|20|m|ft|0}} tall, weighing 500 tons, which has been carved to resemble the head and neck of a young woman with her eyes closed in meditation. The structure is coated in sparkling white Spanish [[dolomite]], as a contrast to the coal which used to be mined there.<ref>[http://ronniesoo.com/photography-art/dream/].</ref>

On 16 June 2008 Jaume's sculpture of a listening glass entitled ''[[Breathing (memorial sculpture)|Breathing]]'' was dedicated by the incumbent [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]], [[Ban Ki-moon]], as a memorial to journalists killed whilst undertaking their work. The sculpture in steel and glass sits atop a new wing of [[Broadcasting House]] in London. At 22:00 GMT each evening a beam of light will be projected from the sculpture extending 1 km into the sky for 30 minutes to coincide with the [[BBC News at Ten]].<ref>{{citation|title=Breathing – A New Sculpture for Broadcasting House|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/06_june/16/breathing.shtml|publisher=[[BBC|BBC Press Office]]|date=16 June 2008}}.</ref>

''El alma del Ebro'' was created for the International Exposition in [[Zaragoza]], the theme of which was "Water and Sustainable Development". It is eleven meters high, the sculpted letters representing cells of the human body which is over 60% water. Its white letters and hollow structure invite the viewer to look inside and reflect on the relationship between human beings and water. A similar sculpture entitled ''Singapore Soul'' (2011) was installed in front of the [[Ocean Financial Centre]] in Singapore.

From May to mid-August 2011 the work ''Echo'' was displayed in [[Madison Square Park]] in [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{citation|title=Madison Square Park Conservancy|url=http://www.madisonsquarepark.org/things-to-do/calendar/jaume-plensa-in-madison-square-park|accessdate=25 June 2011}}.</ref>

In November 2012, the [[Albright–Knox Art Gallery]] in [[Buffalo, New York]] unveiled a 32-ton sculpture by Plensa entitled "Laura". The {{convert|20|ft|adj=on}} tall sculpture is composed of 20 massive pieces of marble from the south of Spain.<ref>{{citation|last=Dabkowski|first=Colin|title=Meet 'Laura,' a new sculpture by Jaume Plensa at the Albright-Knox|url=http://www.buffalonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121123/GUSTO/121129714/1031|newspaper=The Buffalo News|date=23 November 2012}}.</ref>

== Awards ==
* 1993: [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Medaille des Chevaliers des Arts et Lettres]] by the [[Minister of Culture (France)|French Minister of Culture]].
* 1996: Awarded by the Fondation Atelier Calder
* 1997: National Award of Arts by the [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Government of Catalonia]].
* 2005: Investit [[Doctor Honoris Causa]] by School of the [[Art Institute of Chicago]]<ref name=lv/>
* 2009 : [[Marsh Award]] for Excellence in Public Sculpture.<ref name=lv/>
* 2012: [[Creu de Sant Jordi Award]]<ref>{{citation|url=http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/0/notapremsavw/144440.html|title=El Govern distingeix 25 personalitats i 15 entitats amb la Creu de Sant Jordi|language=ca}}</ref>
* 2012: [[Premio Nacional de las Artes Plásticas]]<ref name=lv/>
* 2013: Premio Nacional de Arte Gráfico<ref name=lv/>
* 2013: [[Premio Velázquez de Artes Plásticas]], by [[Ministerio de Cultura de España]]<ref name=lv>{{citation|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20131125/54394834609/jaume-plensa-premio-velazquez.html|title=Jaume Plensa, Premio Velázquez 2013|work=[[La Vanguardia]]|date=2013-11-25|language=es}}</ref><ref name=ep>{{citation|url=http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2013/11/25/actualidad/1385379823_282216.html|title=Poesía en escultura: Jaume Plensa, Premio Velázquez 2013|work=[[El País]]|author-first=Blanca|author-last=Cia|date=2013-11-25|language=es}}</ref><ref name=em>{{citation|url=http://www.elmundo.es/cultura/2013/11/25/52933c7068434127688b4595.html|title=Jaume Plensa, Premio Velázquez de Artes Plásticas 2013|work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2013-11-25|language=es}}</ref>

==See also==
* ''[[Looking Into My Dreams, Awilda]]''
* [[Tolerance (sculpture)|''Tolerance'' (sculpture)]], Houston, Texas (2011)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://jaumeplensa.com/ Official site of Jaume Plensa]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Plensa, Jaume}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Catalan artists]]
[[Category:People from Barcelona]]
[[Category:Spanish artists]]
[[Category:Spanish contemporary artists]]

Comic Barcelona

2017-04-08T15:59:14Z

Jordiferrer: See official name at ficomic.com

{{Infobox Convention
|name = Barcelona International Comic Fair
|image =
|status = Active
|venues =
|location = [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]
|first = [[1981 in comics|1981]]
|organizer = {{ill|FICOMIC|ca|Federació d'Institucions Professionals del Còmic}}
|website = http://www.ficomic.com
}}
'''Barcelona International Comic Fair''' is an annual fair and convention of authors, publishers and [[comic]] readers, managed by {{ill|FICOMIC|ca|Federació d'Institucions Professionals del Còmic}}.
It takes place in the city of [[Barcelona]] since 1981, and is an event of reference on the Spanish comic market.<ref name=attendancefigaro>{{cite news|last=González|first=Lucía|title=El cómic sale del 'gueto'|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/12/09/cultura/1260359570.html|accessdate=9 December 2009|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2009-12-09}}</ref>

==Prizes==
The Prizes are awarded to the best works published on the year preceding the Convention. An exception is the '''Gran Premi del Saló''' (Grand Prize of the Barcelona International Comics Convention), which is awarded to an author based on his entire career.<ref>{{cite news|last=YEXUS|title=El Salón Internacional del Cómic de Barcelona cumplió 30 años|url=http://www.eldiariomontanes.es/v/20120507/cultura/comic/salon-internacional-comic-barcelona-20120507.html|accessdate=30 May 2012|newspaper=[[El Diario Montañés]]|date=2012-05-07}}</ref>

The most relevant prizes are:
*Prize to the ''Best Work'', for comics published in Spanish on the last year.
*Prize to the ''Best Script'', awarded since 1995.
*Prize "[[Josep Toutain]]" to the ''Best New Talent''.
*''Best Foreign Work'' published in Spain.
*Prize to the ''Best fanzine''.
*Prize to the ''Best Comics Magazine''.

===Grand Prize of the Barcelona International Comic Fair===
*1988 - [[Alfons Figueras]]
*1989 - [[Ambrós]]
*1990 - [[Manuel Vázquez Gallego|Manuel Vázquez]]
*1991 - [[Jordi Bernet]]
*1992 - [[Joan Rafart i Roldán|Raf]]
*1993 - [[Alfonso Font]]
*1994 - [[Francisco Ibáñez Talavera|Francisco Ibáñez]]
*1995 - [[Kim (comics)|Kim]]
*1996 - [[José Sanchis Grau|Josep Sanchis]]
*1997 - [[Enrique Ventura]]
*1998 - [[Víctor Mora (comics)|Víctor Mora]]
*1999 - [[Miguel Quesada|Miguel]] and [[Pedro Quesada]]
*2000 - [[Francesc Capdevila|Max]]
*2001 - {{ill|Nazario (comics)|lt=Nazario|es|Nazario Luque}}
*2002 - [[Jan (comics)|Jan]]
*2003 - [[José Beá|Josep María Beà]]
*2004 - [[Horacio Altuna]]
*2005 - [[Carlos Giménez (comics)|Carlos Giménez]]
*2006 - [[Víctor de la Fuente]]
*2007 - [[Miguelanxo Prado]]
*2008 - [[Pasqual Ferry]]
*2009 - [[Ana Miralles]]
*2010 - [[Rubén Pellejero]]
*2011 - [[Jorge Longarón|Jordi Longarón]]
*2012 - [[José Ortiz (comics)|José Ortiz]]
*2013 - [[Purita Campos]]

===Best Work===
*1988 - ''[[Peter Pank|El licantropunk]]'' (Max)
*1989 - ''[[Quotidiania Delirante]]'' ([[Miguelanxo Prado]])
*1990 - ''[[Doctor Vértigo]]'' ([[Martí (dibuixant)|Martí]])
*1991 - ''Mi cabeza bajo el mar'' ([[Pere Joan]])
*1992 - ''Perro Nick'' ([[Miguel Ángel Gallardo]])
*1993 - ''El octavo día'' ([[Daniel Torres (comics)|Daniel Torres]])
*1994 - ''[[Trazo de tiza]]'' ([[Miguelanxo Prado]])
*1995 - ''Museum'' ([[Fernando De Felipe]])
*1996 - ''Como perros'' (Max)
*1997 - ''El artefacto perverso'' ([[Felipe Hernández Cava]] / [[Federico del Barrio]])
*1998 - ''El pie frito'' ([[Miguel Calatayud]])
*1999 - ''Lope de Aguirre. La expiación'' ([[Ricard Castells]] / Felipe Hernández Cava)
*2000 - ''{{illm|Paracuellos (comics)|lt=Paracuellos|es|Paracuellos (historieta)|fr|Paracuellos}}'' ([[Carlos Giménez (comics)|Carlos Giménez]])
*2001 - ''[[Blacksad]]: un lugar entre las sombras'' ([[Juan Díaz Canales|Juan Díaz]] / [[Juanjo Guarnido]])
*2002 - ''Cosecha Rosa'' ([[José Luis Ágreda]])
*2003 - ''4 botas'' ([[Keko (comics)|Keko]])
*2004 - ''Mantecatos'' ([[Manel Fontdevila]])
*2005 - ''La mansión de los Pampín'' ([[Miguelanxo Prado]])
*2006 - ''Blacksad 3. Alma Roja'' (Juan Díaz / Juanjo Guarnido)
*2007 - ''Bardín el superrealista'' (Max)
*2008 - ''[[Arrugas]]'' ([[Paco Roca]])
*2009 - ''[[Las serpientes ciegas]]'' (Felipe Hernández Cava/[[Bartolomé Seguí]])
*2010 - ''[[El arte de volar]]'' ([[Antonio Altarriba]]/Kim)
*2011 - ''[[El invierno del dibujante]]'' ([[Paco Roca]])
*2012 - ''[[Aventuras de un oficinista japonés]]'' ([[José Domingo]])
*2013 - ''Ardalén'' ([[Miguelanxo Prado]])

===Best Script===
*1995 - ''Perico Carambola'', de [[Ignacio Vidal-Folch]].
*1996 - ''[[La parejita]]'', de Manel Fontdevila.
*1997 - ''El artefacto perverso'', de Felipe Hernández Cava.
*1998 - ''[[Nosotros somos los muertos]]'', de Max.
*1999 - ''Lope de Aguirre. La expiación'', de Felipe Hernández Cava.
*2000 - ''{{illm|Paracuellos (comics)|lt=Paracuellos|es|Paracuellos (historieta)|fr|Paracuellos}}'', de [[Carlos Giménez (comics)|Carlos Giménez]].
*2001 - ''Tabú'', de [[Jorge Zentner]].
*2002 - ''El hombre con miedo'', de [[Hernán Migoya]].
*2003 - ''Atravesado por la flecha'', de [[Luis Durán]].
*2004 - ''Antoine de las tormentas'', de Luis Durán.
*2005 - ''La mansión de los Pampín'', de [[Miguelanxo Prado]].
*2006 - ''Carlitos Fax'', d'[[Albert Monteys]].
*2007 - ''Bardín el superrealista'', de Max.
*2008 - ''Arrugas'', de [[Paco Roca]].
*2009 - ''Las serpientes ciegas'', de Felipe Hernández Cava.
*2010 - ''El arte de volar'', de Antonio Altarriba.
*2011 - ''El invierno del dibujante'', de [[Paco Roca]].

===Prize "[[Josep Toutain]]" to the Best New Talent===
*1988 - [[Josep Mª Beroy]]
*1989 - [[Pasqual Ferry]]
*1990 - [[Jaime Martín]]
*1991 - [[Joaquín López Cruces]]
*1992 - [[Miguel Ángel Martín (comics)|Miguel Ángel Martín]]
*1993 - [[Calpurnio]]
*1994 - [[Mauro Entrialgo]]
*1995 - [[Pep Brocal]]
*1996 - [[Santiago Sequeiros]]
*1997 - [[Albert Monteys]]
*1998 - [[María Colino]]
*1999 - [[Ramón F. Bachs]] i [[Sergio Córdoba]] (''ex aequo'')
*2000 - [[Álex Fito]]
*2001 - [[Juanjo Guarnido]]
*2002 - Luis Durán
*2003 - [[Víctor Santos (comics)|Víctor Santos]]
*2004 - [[Fermín Solís]]
*2005 - [[Raquel Alzate]]
*2006 - [[Pablo Auladell]]
*2007 - [[David Rubín]]
*2008 - [[Carlos Areces]]
*2009 - [[Pere Mejan]]
*2010 - [[Alfonso Zapico]]
*2011 - [[David Sánchez (comics)|David Sánchez]]
*2012 - [[Lola Lorente]]
*2013 - Oriol Hernández Sánchez

===Best Foreign Work published in Spain===
*1989 - ''Fuegos'' ([[Lorenzo Mattotti]])
*1990 - ''[[Maus]]'' ([[Art Spiegelman]])
*1991 - ''[[Calvin y Hobbes]]'' ([[Bill Watterson]])
*1992 - ''El condón asesino'' ([[Ralf König]])
*1993 - ''Las mujeres perdidas'' ([[Jaime Hernández]])
*1994 - ''Informe sobre ciegos'' ([[Alberto Breccia]])
*1995 - ''Magnor el poderoso'' ([[Sergio Aragonés]])
*1996 - ''Odio'' ([[Peter Bagge]])
*1997]- ''Río Veneno'' ([[Beto Hernández]])
*1998 - ''El Club de la Sangre'' ([[Charles Burns (cartoonist)|Charles Burns]])
*1999 - ''La ciudad de cristal'' ([[David Mazzucchelli]] / Paul Karasik)
*2000 - ''[[300 (cómic)|300]]'' ([[Frank Miller (comics)|Frank Miller]])
*2001 - ''Ghost World'' ([[Daniel Clowes]])
*2002 - ''Maus'' ([[Art Spiegelman]])
*2003 - ''David Boring'' ([[Daniel Clowes]])
*2004 - ''Barrio Lejano'' ([[Jiro Taniguchi]])
*2005 - ''[[Jimmy Corrigan, el chico más listo del mundo]]'' ([[Chris Ware]])
*2006 - ''20th Century Boys'' ([[Naoki Urasawa]])
*2007 - ''Ice Haven'' (Daniel Clowes)
*2008 - ''S'' ([[Gipi]])
*2009 - ''La educación de Hopey Glass'' ([[Jaime Hernández]])
*2010 - ''Genésis'' de [[Robert Crumb]]
*2011 - ''[[Los muertos vivientes]]'' ([[Robert Kirkman]]/[[Charlie Adlard]])
*2012 - ''[[Arzak el vigilante]]'' ([[Jean Giraud|Mœbius]])
*2013 - ''Portugal'' ([[Cyril Pedrosa]])

===Best Fanzine===
*1989 - ''Sólo para Locos''
*1990 - ''[[TMEO]]''
*1991 - ''Urich'' / ''Pogo''
*1992 - ''El Maquinista''
*1993 - ''El Nuevo Maquinista''
*1994 - ''[[Mondo Lirondo]]''
*1995 - ''[[Paté de Marrano]]''
*1996 - ''Annabel Lee''
*1997 - ''[[rAu]]'' / ''[[Kovalski Fly]]''
*1998 - ''[[Idiota y Diminuto]]''
*1999 - ''Como Vacas Mirando el Tren''
*2000 - ''[[Amaníaco]]''
*2001 - ''TMEO''
*2002 - ''Amaníaco''
*2003 - ''El Naufraguito''
*2004 - ''[[Cretino (fanzine)|Cretino]]''
*2005 - ''BD Banda''
*2006 - ''Cabezabajo''
*2007 - ''Barsowia''
*2008 - ''Fanzine enfermo''
*2009 - ''Rantifuso''
*2010 - ''Gato Negro''
*2011 - ''El Naufraguito''
*2012 - ''Usted''
*2013 - ''Adobo''

===Best Comics Magazine===
*2003 - ''{{ill|Urich (magazine)|lt=U|es|Urich}}''
*2004 - ''[[El Víbora]]''
*2005 - ''[[Mister K]]''
*2006 - ''[[El Jueves]]''
*2007 - ''[[NSLM]]''
*2008 - ''[[El Manglar]]''
*2009 - ''[[Amaniaco]]''
*2010 - ''[[Dos veces breve]]''
*2011 - ''[[Dolmen (revista)|Dolmen]]''

===Prize for Industry Support===
*2007 - [[Toni Guiral]]
*2008 - [[Manuel Darias]]
*2009 - [[Álvaro Pons]]
*2010 - ''[[Entrecomics]]''
*2011 - [[Santiago García (comics)|Santiago García]]

===Prize for Best Retailer===
*2009 - [[Continuarà Comics]]
*2010 - [[Espacio Sins Entido]]
*2011 - [[Madrid Comics]]

===Prize to the best comic-based film===
*2011 - ''[[María y yo]]'' de [[Félix Fernández de Castro]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|http://www.ficomic.com}}
*[http://www.rtve.es/noticias/salon-comic/barcelona/ Barcelona International Comics Convention news coverage]

[[Category:Comics awards]]
[[Category:Comics conventions]]
[[Category:Comics-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of award winners]]

Talk:Barcelona International Comics Convention

2017-04-08T15:56:09Z

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#REDIRECT [[Talk:Barcelona International Comic Fair]]

{{R from move}}

Talk:Comic Barcelona

2017-04-08T15:56:08Z

Jordiferrer: Jordiferrer moved page Talk:Barcelona International Comics Convention to Talk:Barcelona International Comic Fair: See name at the official website

Barcelona International Comics Convention

2017-04-08T15:56:08Z

Jordiferrer: Jordiferrer moved page Barcelona International Comics Convention to Barcelona International Comic Fair: See name at the official website

#REDIRECT [[Barcelona International Comic Fair]]

{{R from move}}

Comic Barcelona

2017-04-08T15:56:08Z

Jordiferrer: Jordiferrer moved page Barcelona International Comics Convention to Barcelona International Comic Fair: See name at the official website

{{Infobox Convention
|name = Barcelona International Comics Convention
|image =
|status = Active
|venues =
|location = [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]
|first = [[1981 in comics|1981]]
|organizer = {{ill|FICOMIC|ca|Federació d'Institucions Professionals del Còmic}}
|website = http://www.ficomic.com
}}
'''Barcelona International Comics Convention''' is an annual meeting of authors, publishers and comic readers, managed by {{ill|FICOMIC|ca|Federació d'Institucions Professionals del Còmic}}.
It takes place in the city of [[Barcelona]] since 1981, and is an event of reference on the Spanish comic market.<ref name=attendancefigaro>{{cite news|last=González|first=Lucía|title=El cómic sale del 'gueto'|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/12/09/cultura/1260359570.html|accessdate=9 December 2009|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2009-12-09}}</ref>

==Prizes==
The Prizes are awarded to the best works published on the year preceding the Convention. An exception is the '''Gran Premi del Saló''' (Grand Prize of the Barcelona International Comics Convention), which is awarded to an author based on his entire career.<ref>{{cite news|last=YEXUS|title=El Salón Internacional del Cómic de Barcelona cumplió 30 años|url=http://www.eldiariomontanes.es/v/20120507/cultura/comic/salon-internacional-comic-barcelona-20120507.html|accessdate=30 May 2012|newspaper=[[El Diario Montañés]]|date=2012-05-07}}</ref>

The most relevant prizes are:
*Prize to the ''Best Work'', for comics published in Spanish on the last year.
*Prize to the ''Best Script'', awarded since 1995.
*Prize "[[Josep Toutain]]" to the ''Best New Talent''.
*''Best Foreign Work'' published in Spain.
*Prize to the ''Best fanzine''.
*Prize to the ''Best Comics Magazine''.

===Grand Prize of the Barcelona International Comics Convention===
*1988 - [[Alfons Figueras]]
*1989 - [[Ambrós]]
*1990 - [[Manuel Vázquez Gallego|Manuel Vázquez]]
*1991 - [[Jordi Bernet]]
*1992 - [[Joan Rafart i Roldán|Raf]]
*1993 - [[Alfonso Font]]
*1994 - [[Francisco Ibáñez Talavera|Francisco Ibáñez]]
*1995 - [[Kim (comics)|Kim]]
*1996 - [[José Sanchis Grau|Josep Sanchis]]
*1997 - [[Enrique Ventura]]
*1998 - [[Víctor Mora (comics)|Víctor Mora]]
*1999 - [[Miguel Quesada|Miguel]] and [[Pedro Quesada]]
*2000 - [[Francesc Capdevila|Max]]
*2001 - {{ill|Nazario (comics)|lt=Nazario|es|Nazario Luque}}
*2002 - [[Jan (comics)|Jan]]
*2003 - [[José Beá|Josep María Beà]]
*2004 - [[Horacio Altuna]]
*2005 - [[Carlos Giménez (comics)|Carlos Giménez]]
*2006 - [[Víctor de la Fuente]]
*2007 - [[Miguelanxo Prado]]
*2008 - [[Pasqual Ferry]]
*2009 - [[Ana Miralles]]
*2010 - [[Rubén Pellejero]]
*2011 - [[Jorge Longarón|Jordi Longarón]]
*2012 - [[José Ortiz (comics)|José Ortiz]]
*2013 - [[Purita Campos]]

===Best Work===
*1988 - ''[[Peter Pank|El licantropunk]]'' (Max)
*1989 - ''[[Quotidiania Delirante]]'' ([[Miguelanxo Prado]])
*1990 - ''[[Doctor Vértigo]]'' ([[Martí (dibuixant)|Martí]])
*1991 - ''Mi cabeza bajo el mar'' ([[Pere Joan]])
*1992 - ''Perro Nick'' ([[Miguel Ángel Gallardo]])
*1993 - ''El octavo día'' ([[Daniel Torres (comics)|Daniel Torres]])
*1994 - ''[[Trazo de tiza]]'' ([[Miguelanxo Prado]])
*1995 - ''Museum'' ([[Fernando De Felipe]])
*1996 - ''Como perros'' (Max)
*1997 - ''El artefacto perverso'' ([[Felipe Hernández Cava]] / [[Federico del Barrio]])
*1998 - ''El pie frito'' ([[Miguel Calatayud]])
*1999 - ''Lope de Aguirre. La expiación'' ([[Ricard Castells]] / Felipe Hernández Cava)
*2000 - ''{{illm|Paracuellos (comics)|lt=Paracuellos|es|Paracuellos (historieta)|fr|Paracuellos}}'' ([[Carlos Giménez (comics)|Carlos Giménez]])
*2001 - ''[[Blacksad]]: un lugar entre las sombras'' ([[Juan Díaz Canales|Juan Díaz]] / [[Juanjo Guarnido]])
*2002 - ''Cosecha Rosa'' ([[José Luis Ágreda]])
*2003 - ''4 botas'' ([[Keko (comics)|Keko]])
*2004 - ''Mantecatos'' ([[Manel Fontdevila]])
*2005 - ''La mansión de los Pampín'' ([[Miguelanxo Prado]])
*2006 - ''Blacksad 3. Alma Roja'' (Juan Díaz / Juanjo Guarnido)
*2007 - ''Bardín el superrealista'' (Max)
*2008 - ''[[Arrugas]]'' ([[Paco Roca]])
*2009 - ''[[Las serpientes ciegas]]'' (Felipe Hernández Cava/[[Bartolomé Seguí]])
*2010 - ''[[El arte de volar]]'' ([[Antonio Altarriba]]/Kim)
*2011 - ''[[El invierno del dibujante]]'' ([[Paco Roca]])
*2012 - ''[[Aventuras de un oficinista japonés]]'' ([[José Domingo]])
*2013 - ''Ardalén'' ([[Miguelanxo Prado]])

===Best Script===
*1995 - ''Perico Carambola'', de [[Ignacio Vidal-Folch]].
*1996 - ''[[La parejita]]'', de Manel Fontdevila.
*1997 - ''El artefacto perverso'', de Felipe Hernández Cava.
*1998 - ''[[Nosotros somos los muertos]]'', de Max.
*1999 - ''Lope de Aguirre. La expiación'', de Felipe Hernández Cava.
*2000 - ''{{illm|Paracuellos (comics)|lt=Paracuellos|es|Paracuellos (historieta)|fr|Paracuellos}}'', de [[Carlos Giménez (comics)|Carlos Giménez]].
*2001 - ''Tabú'', de [[Jorge Zentner]].
*2002 - ''El hombre con miedo'', de [[Hernán Migoya]].
*2003 - ''Atravesado por la flecha'', de [[Luis Durán]].
*2004 - ''Antoine de las tormentas'', de Luis Durán.
*2005 - ''La mansión de los Pampín'', de [[Miguelanxo Prado]].
*2006 - ''Carlitos Fax'', d'[[Albert Monteys]].
*2007 - ''Bardín el superrealista'', de Max.
*2008 - ''Arrugas'', de [[Paco Roca]].
*2009 - ''Las serpientes ciegas'', de Felipe Hernández Cava.
*2010 - ''El arte de volar'', de Antonio Altarriba.
*2011 - ''El invierno del dibujante'', de [[Paco Roca]].

===Prize "[[Josep Toutain]]" to the Best New Talent===
*1988 - [[Josep Mª Beroy]]
*1989 - [[Pasqual Ferry]]
*1990 - [[Jaime Martín]]
*1991 - [[Joaquín López Cruces]]
*1992 - [[Miguel Ángel Martín (comics)|Miguel Ángel Martín]]
*1993 - [[Calpurnio]]
*1994 - [[Mauro Entrialgo]]
*1995 - [[Pep Brocal]]
*1996 - [[Santiago Sequeiros]]
*1997 - [[Albert Monteys]]
*1998 - [[María Colino]]
*1999 - [[Ramón F. Bachs]] i [[Sergio Córdoba]] (''ex aequo'')
*2000 - [[Álex Fito]]
*2001 - [[Juanjo Guarnido]]
*2002 - Luis Durán
*2003 - [[Víctor Santos (comics)|Víctor Santos]]
*2004 - [[Fermín Solís]]
*2005 - [[Raquel Alzate]]
*2006 - [[Pablo Auladell]]
*2007 - [[David Rubín]]
*2008 - [[Carlos Areces]]
*2009 - [[Pere Mejan]]
*2010 - [[Alfonso Zapico]]
*2011 - [[David Sánchez (comics)|David Sánchez]]
*2012 - [[Lola Lorente]]
*2013 - Oriol Hernández Sánchez

===Best Foreign Work published in Spain===
*1989 - ''Fuegos'' ([[Lorenzo Mattotti]])
*1990 - ''[[Maus]]'' ([[Art Spiegelman]])
*1991 - ''[[Calvin y Hobbes]]'' ([[Bill Watterson]])
*1992 - ''El condón asesino'' ([[Ralf König]])
*1993 - ''Las mujeres perdidas'' ([[Jaime Hernández]])
*1994 - ''Informe sobre ciegos'' ([[Alberto Breccia]])
*1995 - ''Magnor el poderoso'' ([[Sergio Aragonés]])
*1996 - ''Odio'' ([[Peter Bagge]])
*1997]- ''Río Veneno'' ([[Beto Hernández]])
*1998 - ''El Club de la Sangre'' ([[Charles Burns (cartoonist)|Charles Burns]])
*1999 - ''La ciudad de cristal'' ([[David Mazzucchelli]] / Paul Karasik)
*2000 - ''[[300 (cómic)|300]]'' ([[Frank Miller (comics)|Frank Miller]])
*2001 - ''Ghost World'' ([[Daniel Clowes]])
*2002 - ''Maus'' ([[Art Spiegelman]])
*2003 - ''David Boring'' ([[Daniel Clowes]])
*2004 - ''Barrio Lejano'' ([[Jiro Taniguchi]])
*2005 - ''[[Jimmy Corrigan, el chico más listo del mundo]]'' ([[Chris Ware]])
*2006 - ''20th Century Boys'' ([[Naoki Urasawa]])
*2007 - ''Ice Haven'' (Daniel Clowes)
*2008 - ''S'' ([[Gipi]])
*2009 - ''La educación de Hopey Glass'' ([[Jaime Hernández]])
*2010 - ''Genésis'' de [[Robert Crumb]]
*2011 - ''[[Los muertos vivientes]]'' ([[Robert Kirkman]]/[[Charlie Adlard]])
*2012 - ''[[Arzak el vigilante]]'' ([[Jean Giraud|Mœbius]])
*2013 - ''Portugal'' ([[Cyril Pedrosa]])

===Best Fanzine===
*1989 - ''Sólo para Locos''
*1990 - ''[[TMEO]]''
*1991 - ''Urich'' / ''Pogo''
*1992 - ''El Maquinista''
*1993 - ''El Nuevo Maquinista''
*1994 - ''[[Mondo Lirondo]]''
*1995 - ''[[Paté de Marrano]]''
*1996 - ''Annabel Lee''
*1997 - ''[[rAu]]'' / ''[[Kovalski Fly]]''
*1998 - ''[[Idiota y Diminuto]]''
*1999 - ''Como Vacas Mirando el Tren''
*2000 - ''[[Amaníaco]]''
*2001 - ''TMEO''
*2002 - ''Amaníaco''
*2003 - ''El Naufraguito''
*2004 - ''[[Cretino (fanzine)|Cretino]]''
*2005 - ''BD Banda''
*2006 - ''Cabezabajo''
*2007 - ''Barsowia''
*2008 - ''Fanzine enfermo''
*2009 - ''Rantifuso''
*2010 - ''Gato Negro''
*2011 - ''El Naufraguito''
*2012 - ''Usted''
*2013 - ''Adobo''

===Best Comics Magazine===
*2003 - ''{{ill|Urich (magazine)|lt=U|es|Urich}}''
*2004 - ''[[El Víbora]]''
*2005 - ''[[Mister K]]''
*2006 - ''[[El Jueves]]''
*2007 - ''[[NSLM]]''
*2008 - ''[[El Manglar]]''
*2009 - ''[[Amaniaco]]''
*2010 - ''[[Dos veces breve]]''
*2011 - ''[[Dolmen (revista)|Dolmen]]''

===Prize for Industry Support===
*2007 - [[Toni Guiral]]
*2008 - [[Manuel Darias]]
*2009 - [[Álvaro Pons]]
*2010 - ''[[Entrecomics]]''
*2011 - [[Santiago García (comics)|Santiago García]]

===Prize for Best Retailer===
*2009 - [[Continuarà Comics]]
*2010 - [[Espacio Sins Entido]]
*2011 - [[Madrid Comics]]

===Prize to the best comic-based film===
*2011 - ''[[María y yo]]'' de [[Félix Fernández de Castro]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|http://www.ficomic.com}}
*[http://www.rtve.es/noticias/salon-comic/barcelona/ Barcelona International Comics Convention news coverage]

[[Category:Comics awards]]
[[Category:Comics conventions]]
[[Category:Comics-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of award winners]]

Maria Canals International Music Competition

2017-04-07T16:05:20Z

Jordiferrer: photos

The '''Maria Canals International Music Competition''' ({{lang-ca|Concurs Internacional de Música Maria Canals Barcelona}}, {{IPA-ca|kuŋˈkurs intərnəsiuˈnaɫ də ˈmuzikə məɾi.ə kəˈnaɫz βərsəɫonə|IPA}}) is a music competition held yearly in the [[Palau de la Música Catalana]], [[Barcelona]]. It was founded as a [[piano]] competition in 1954, but in 1964 it was expanded so other modalities could be held occasionally.<ref>{{cite news|title=Competició pianística de primera |author=Ana Maria Davila|date=2007-05-04 |publisher=El Mundo|url=http://www.elmundo.es/papel/2007/05/04/catalunya/2118185.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Un total de 114 pianistas aspiran a darse a conocer al mundo desde Barcelona en el Concurso Maria Canals |author=Lourdes Morgades|date=2007-05-02|publisher=El País|url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cataluna/total/114/pianistas/aspiran/darse/conocer/mundo/Barcelona/Concurso/Maria/Canals/elpepuespcat/20070502elpcat_19/Tes}}</ref>

It was founded in 1954 by the [[Catalan people|Catalan]] pianist Maria Remei Canals i Cendrós (1913-2010) and her husband, the composer and writer Rossend Llates (1899–1973).<ref>[http://www.grec.net/cgibin/hecangcl.pgm?&USUARI=&SESSIO=&NDCHEC=0037566&PGMORI=E L'Enciclopèdia]</ref> Since 1954, the Competition has welcomed over 7,000 participants from 100 countries and 180 jury members from all over the world.<ref>[http://www.barcelonayellow.com/component/option,com_eventlist/Itemid,357/func,details/did,554/ Barcelona Yellow]</ref> It became a member of the [[World Federation of International Music Competitions]] in 1958.<ref name=WFIMC>{{cite web|title=Concours Internationaux de musique Maria Canals de Barcelone|url=http://www.wfimc.org/Webnodes/en/Web/Public/Competitions/Competition+info?cmp=40845|website=World Federation of International Music Competitions|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref>

The Maria Canals competition, for which artists such as [[Joan Miró]], [[Antoni Tàpies]] and [[Joan Clavé]] have made publicity posters, was declared to be of public utility by the Spanish [[Interior Ministry]] in 1996.

== Commentaries on the competition ==
[[File:2015 - Avinguda Diagonal - Pianista al carrer.JPG|thumb|Pianist performing at Avinguda Diagonal, as part of the Maria Canals competition event in 2015.]]
[[File:Concurso de piano en el metro diagonal bcn.jpg|thumb|Pianist performing at Diagonal metrostation, as part of the Maria Canals competition event in 2017.]]
* ''Of the multitude of international piano competitions, it is comforting to note that a competition like the Maria Canals at Barcelona, in which the piano is judged purely on a musical level, in which the player cannot forget the essential thing, interpretation, that such a competition takes on greater importance every year. Musicians can only praise and thank Maria Canals for her initiative. For my part, I can only warmly salute not only the longevity of this competition, but its ever more important participation in that magnificent combat in which, nobly and with exemplary probity, the artists of the future - those who will pick up the baton from their elders - face each other.'' - [[Vlado Perlemuter]], 1964.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dans la multiplicité des Concours Internationaux de Piano... |author=Vlado Perlemuter|url=http://www.mariacanals.org/esp/32_evolucio.asp|quote=''Dans la multiplicité des Concours internationaux de Piano, il est réconfortant de constater qu’un Concours comme celui de Maria Canals à Barcelona, où le Piano n’est jugé qu’à l’échelle de la Musique, où l’instrumentiste ne peut pas oublier l’essentiel, l’interprète, qu’un tel Concours prend chaque année une ampleur grandissante. Les musiciens ne peuvent que louer et remercier Maria Canals de son initiative. Je ne peut, pour ma part, que souhaiter chaleureusement non seulement la longévité de ce Concours, mais une participation toujours plus importante à cette magnifique joute, où s’affrontent noblement et avec une probité exemplaire, les futurs artistes, qui prendront la relève de leurs aînés.'' }}</ref>
* ''Those of us who follow the Barcelonan musical life can't forget the ascendant evolution of the Maria Canals International Music Competition, initiated in 1954, which has turned into one of the most important European competitions. In celebrating its 40th anniversary we can state that many performers of the highest level have arisen from the competition, such a thing having contributed to expand the prestige of Barcelona as an artistic city.'' - [[Xavier Montsalvatge]], 2004.<ref>{{cite news|title=Els que ja fa temps que seguim... |author=Xavier Montsalvatge |url=//www.mariacanals.org/esp/30_opinions.asp |quote=''Els que ja fa temps que seguim la vida musical barcelonina no podem oblidar l’ascendent evolució del Concurs Internacional d’Execució Musical Maria Canals, iniciat el 1954 per convertir-se en un dels certàmens més imporrtants d’Europa. En celebrar el seu 40 aniversari, podem afirmar que, del concurs, han sorgit molts intèrprets de primera categoria, cosa que ha contribuït a expandir arreu el prestigi de la realitat artística barcelonina.'' |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108152138/www.mariacanals.org/esp/30_opinions.asp |archivedate=January 8, 2007 }}</ref>

== Prize Winners ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Piano'''<ref name=CMCWinners>{{cite web|title=The winners of the competition|url=http://www.mariacanals.org/en/concurs/historia/guanyadors.html|website=Concurs Maria Canals|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
!1954 !! 1st prize (men) !! 1st prize (women)
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} '''[[Miquel Farré]]''' || {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} '''Maria Neus Miró'''
|-
!1956 !! Grand prize !! 1st prize (men) ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 1st prize (women) ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|West Germany}} Klaus Börner || {{flagicon|Switzerland}} Aline Demierre
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Italy}} Giorgio Radicula || {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} Núria Escofet
|-
!1957 !! Grand prize !! 1st prize (men) !! 1st prize (women)
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Italy}} Alberto Colombo || {{flagicon|France}} Thérèse Castaigne
|-
!1958 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|France}} '''Françoise Thinat'''
|-
!1959 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize (men) !! 2nd prize (women)
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Switzerland}} Jean-Jacques Hauser || {{flagicon|Japan}} Yoko Ikeda
|-
!1960 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Poland}} '''[[Andrzej Jasiński]]'''
|-
!1961 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|France}} '''Catherine Silie'''
|-
!1962 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Uruguay}} '''[[Dinorah Varsi]]'''
|-
!1963 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize (men) !! 2nd prize (women)
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Poland}} Jerzy Vajek || {{flagicon|France}} Françoise Parrot
|-
!1964 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Sweden}} '''[[Dag Achatz]]'''
|-
!1965 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|United States}} '''James Tocco'''
|-
!1966 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} '''Leonora Milà'''
|-
!1967 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Italy}} Franco Angeleri
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|France}} Jacques Rouvier
|-
!1968 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Argentina}} '''Christina Viñas'''
|-
!1969 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|United States}} '''Joseph W. Fennimore'''
|-
!1970 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Peru}} '''Lupe Parrondo'''
|-
!1971 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Poland}} Ewa Bukojemska
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|France}} Yves Noack
|-
!1972 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Hungary}} '''Klára Barányi'''
|-
!1973 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|United States}} '''Jonathan M. Purvin'''
|-
!1974 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize by unanimity !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} Blanca Bodalla || {{flagicon|Japan}} Akira Imai
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|France}} Pierre Réach
|-
!1975 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize (men) ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 2nd prize (women)
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Italy}} Raimondo Campisi || {{flagicon|United States}} Marioaran Trifan
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Italy}} Roberto Capello
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea Bonatta]]
|-
!1976 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Japan}} '''Yasuto Sugimoto''' || {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Elza Kolodin]]
|-
!1977 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|West Germany}} '''[[Arnulf von Arnim]]''' || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Chung-Myung Kim || {{flagicon|Argentina}} Silvia Natiello
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Israel}} Carmen Or
|-
!1978 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|France}} '''[[Bernard d'Ascoli]]''' || {{flagicon|France}} Erik Berchot || {{flagicon|Japan}} Ruriko Kikuchi
|-
!1979 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|France}} [[Yves Rault]]|| {{flagicon|Italy}} Mario Bosselli
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Hungary}} Christine Kiss
|-
!1980 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} '''Yuri Rosum''' || {{flagicon|France}} Cathérine Joly || {{flagicon|Hungary}} Akos Hernadi
|-
!1981 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Kazuoki Fujii || {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Cocarelli]]
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|France}} Michel Gal ||
|-
!1982 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Japan}} '''Hiromi Okada''' || {{flagicon|Hungary}} Karoly Mocsari || {{flagicon|Japan}} Yuki Matsuzawa
|-
!1983 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize !! Special prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Bernd Glemser]] || {{flagicon|Italy}} Antonella Vignali || {{flagicon|Spain}} Marcelino López
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Japan}} Kyoko Koyama
|-
!1984 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || '' Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Rie Konishi || {{flagicon|Bulgaria|1967}} Galina Vratcheva
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|France}} Pascal Le Corre
|-
!1985 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|West Germany}} Detlef Kaiser || {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} Constantin Sandu
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Ian Munro (pianist)|Ian Munro]]
|-
!1986 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize !! Special prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Japan}} '''Chiharu Sakai''' || {{flagicon|France}} Carole Carniel || {{flagicon|Japan}} Nobuyuki Nagaoka || {{flagicon|Spain}} Ignacio Marín
|-
!1987 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Christopher Oakden || {{flagicon|Japan}} Keiko Nakai
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|France}} Alexandre Tharaud
|-
!1988 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize !! Special prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|China}} '''Zhong Xu''' || {{flagicon|France}} [[Olivier Cazal]] || {{flagicon|Japan}} Junko Saito || {{flagicon|Spain}} José Ramón Méndez
|-
!1989 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize !! Special prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Argentina}} '''Gerardo Vila''' || {{flagicon|France}} Christophe Simonet || {{flagicon|Japan}} Yukiko Hori || {{flagicon|Spain}} Miquel Jorba
|-
!1990 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || {{flagicon|France}} '''Mathieu Papadiamandis''' || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Jovianney Emmanuel Cruz|Jovianney E. Cruz]]
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Andrei Fadeev
|-
!1991 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} '''Yuri Martinov''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Yuko Nakamichi || {{flagicon| Germany}} Eva-Maria Rieckert
|-
!1992 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Latvia}} '''[[Armands Ābols]]''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Akiko Kato || {{flagicon|Japan}} Tomoko Doi
|-
!1993 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Israel}} '''Amir Katz''' || {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Gustavo Díaz-Jerez]] || {{flagicon|Poland}} Rafal Luszczewski
|-
!1994 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Russia}} '''Sviatoslav Lips''' || {{flagicon|Belarus}} Dmitri Morozov || {{flagicon|France}} Frederik Lagarde
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Japan}} Yoko Takemura
|-
!1995 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || {{flagicon|South Korea}} '''Won Kim''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Keiji Serizawa || {{flagicon|Russia}} Yulia Botchkovskaia
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Germany}} Birgita Wollenweber
|-
!1996 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Germany}} Jan Gottlieb Jiracek || {{flagicon|Israel}} Saar Ahuvia
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Japan}} Kiyo Wada
|-
!1997 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize !! Special prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Elina Hata || {{flagicon|Canada}} Li Wang || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Young-Ha Chung
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Japan}} Ayako Kawai
|-
!1998 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! Special prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Hungary}} '''Peter Koczor''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Takahiro Mita || {{flagicon|Japan}} Miwako Takeda || {{flagicon|France}} Vicent Larderet
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Anthony Zerpa-Falcon
|-
!1999 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Russia}} '''[[Kirill Gerstein]]''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Ayako Kimura || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Sung-Hoon Hwang
|-
!2000 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Japan}} '''Yusuke Kikuchi''' || {{flagicon|Romania}} Ferenc Vizi || {{flagicon|Poland}} Piotr Kupka
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|France}} Fabrice Lanoë
|-
!2001 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Japan}} '''[[Yurie Miura]]''' || {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Mel Adkins || {{flagicon|Japan}} Mayako Asada
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Russia}} Ekaterina Krivokochenko
|-
!2002 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''Viv McLean''' || {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Alexandre Moutouzkine]] || {{flagicon|China}} Yun-Yang Lee
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Kook Hee Hong
|-
!2003 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Ukraine}} {{flagicon|Israel}} '''Inesa Synkevich''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Yosuke Niino || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Sowon Hwang
|-
!2004 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Poland}} '''Piotr Machnik''' || {{flagicon|China}} Yi-Chih Lu || {{flagicon|Romania}} Matei Varga
|-
!2005 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|China}} '''[[Jue Wang]]''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Yukiko Akagi || {{flagicon|Japan}} Fumiyo Kawamura
|-
!2006 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Spain}} '''José Enrique Bagaría''' || {{flagicon|France}} Marie Vermeuil || {{flagicon|New Zealand}} Mi-Yeon I
|-
!2007 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !!
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Serbia}} '''[[Mladen Čolić]]''' || {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} Veronika Böhmova || {{flagicon|United States}} Marisa Gupta
|-
!2008 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Croatia}} '''[[Martina Filjak]]''' || {{flagicon|Russia}} Ilya Maksimov || {{flagicon|Japan}} Jun Ishimura
|-
!2009 !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Latvia}} '''[[Vestards Šimkus]]''' || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Jong Yun Kim || {{flagicon|Italy}} Scipione Sangiovanni
|-
!2010 !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Ukraine}} '''Denis Zhdanov''' || {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Olga Kozlova]] || {{flagicon|Finland}} Marko Hilpo
|-
![[LVII Maria Canals International Music Competition|2011]] !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Poland}} '''Mateusz Borowiak''' || {{flagicon|Russia}} Alexey Lebedev || {{flagicon|Russia}} Alexey Chernov
|-
![[2012 Maria Canals International Music Competition|2012]] !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|South Korea}} '''Soo Jung Ann''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Nozomi Nakagiri || {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Vadym Kholodenko]]
|-
![[2013 Maria Canals International Music Competition|2013]] !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Ukraine}} {{flagicon|Russia}} '''[[Stanislav Khristenko]]''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Tomoaki Yoshida || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Haejae Kim
|-
!2014 !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Ukraine}} '''Regina Chernychko''' || {{flagicon|Russia}} Sergey Belyavskiy || {{flagicon|Russia}} Tatiana Chernichka
|-
!2015 !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Ukraine}} '''Danylo Saienko''' || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Minsung Lee || {{flagicon|Germany}} Caterina Grewe
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Chamber Music (1970–87) and Duo-Sonatas (1996 and later)'''<ref name=CMCWinners/>
|-
!1970 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} '''Fernando Puchol''' and '''Pedro León'''
|-
!1973 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize by unanimity
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|West Germany}} Dieter Lallinger and Jürgen Besig
|-
!1980 !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|West Germany}} '''Roland Straumer''' and '''Olaf Dressler''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Izumi Komoriya and Taisuko Yamashita || {{flagicon|Spain}} Juan Llinares and {{flagicon|Italy}} Ludovica Mosca
|-
!1987 !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|East Germany}} '''[[Michael Sanderling]]''' and '''Gerald Fauth''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Senoko Numata and Akemi Tadenuma || {{flagicon|France}} Pierre Luc Denuit and Sylvie Barret
|-
!1996 !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|US}} '''Avi Downes''' and '''Shana Downes''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Aya Yoshii and Yoko Yoshihara || {{flagicon|Russia}} Maria Belousova and {{flagicon|Poland}} Katarzyna Ewald
|-
!1999 !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Germany}} '''[[Florian Wiek]]''' and '''Justus Grimm''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Akiko Okabe and Yuko Aragaki || {{flagicon|Germany}} Isabel Gabbe and {{flagicon|France}} Leslie Riva
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Japan}} Kyoko Sasaki and Eriko Iso
|-
!2004 !!1st prize !! 2nd prize !! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || {{flagicon|South Korea}} '''Eung Soo Kim''' and '''Moon Young Chae''' || {{flagicon|Belarus}} Igor Bobowitsch and {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Elena Kolesnichenko || {{flagicon|France}} Julien Beaudiment and Laetitia Bougnol
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Spain}} Katia Novell and {{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Luis Parés]]
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Flute'''<ref name=CMCWinners/>
|-
!1968 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|France}} Lô Angelloz
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Switzerland}} Teresita Frey
|-
!1972 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|France}} Christine Turellier
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|West Germany}} Edelgard Seeman
|-
!1978 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Masayoshi Enokida || {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Jadwiga Kotnowska]]
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|France}} Philippe Pierlot
|-
!1983 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize!! Special Prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Hungary}} Erika Sebök || {{flagicon|Japan}} Motoaki Kato || {{flagicon|Hungary}} Monika Hegedüs || {{flagicon|Spain}} Vicenç Prats
|-
!1988 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|USSR}} '''Dita Krenberga''' || {{flagicon|France}} Christel Rayneau || {{flagicon|USSR}} Natalia Setchkareva
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Hungary}} Iren More
|-
!1994 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Russia}} Natalia Danilina || {{flagicon|Japan}} Atsuko Koga || {{flagicon|France}} Maryse Graciet
|-
!1998 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Russia}} '''Olesia Tertychnaia''' || {{flagicon|Italy}} Christian Farroni || {{flagicon|Japan}} Kaori Fujii
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} Dejan Gavric
|-
!2001 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Italy}} Francesca Canali || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Hyun-im Yoon || {{flagicon|Austria}} Petra Orgl
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Guitar'''<ref name=CMCWinners/>
|-
!1969 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|West Germany}} Wolfgang Lendle
|-
!1974 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|France}} '''Marie Thérèse Ghirardi''' || {{flagicon|Brazil|1968}} Dagoberto Linhares || {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} [[Dušan Bogdanović]]
|-
!1979 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Uruguay}} '''Leonardo Palacios''' || {{flagicon|UK}} William Waters || {{flagicon|Spain}} Guillermo Pérez
|-
!1981 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Spain}} '''Gabriel García Santos''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Shin-Ichi Fukuda]] || {{flagicon|Australia}} Nicholas Petrou
|-
!1985 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Italy}} '''Stefano Cardi''' || {{flagicon|Netherlands}} Han Jonkers || {{flagicon|Japan}} Keiko Fujii
|-
!1989 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Netherlands}} '''Esther-Helena Steenbergen''' || {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} István Römer || {{flagicon|USSR}} Vladimir Tervo
|-
!1992 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} '''George Vassilev''' || {{flagicon|Spain}} Xavier Coll || {{flagicon|Japan}} Daisuke Suzuki
|-
!1997 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Italy}} '''Sara Gianfelici''' || {{flagicon|Italy}} Lorenzo Micheli || {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daekun Jang]]
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Percussion'''<ref name=CMCWinners/>
|-
!1982 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize !! Special prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|West Germany}} Axel Fries || {{flagicon|Japan}} Shin-ichi Ueno || {{flagicon|Spain}} Jordi Mestres
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|West Germany}} Peter Sadlo || || {{flagicon|Spain}} Santiago Molas
|-
!1990 !! 1st prize !! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Spain}} '''Ramón Alsina''' || {{flagicon|Germany}} Armin Weigert || {{flagicon|Germany}} Stefan Eblenkamp
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Spain}} Ignasi Vila ||
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Trio'''<ref name=CMCWinners/>
|-
!2009 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || Trio Demian || Trio Quintillian || Trio Monte
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Violin'''<ref name=CMCWinners/>
|-
!1964 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Argentina}} '''Rubén González'''
|-
!1967 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Belgium}} '''[[Edith Volckaert]]'''
|-
!1971 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Austria}} '''Ernst Kovacic'''
|-
!1975 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize
|-
|| men || {{flagicon|Portugal}} '''[[Gerardo Ribeiro]]''' || {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} Eugen Sârbu
|-
|| women || {{flagicon|Japan}} '''Yukari Tate'''<ref name=ld>{{cite web|title=6e session musicale|url=http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2004/06/30/166888-6e-session-musicale.html|website=ladepeche.fr|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref> || {{flagicon|Mexico}} Rasma Liélmane
|-
!1979 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Belgium}} Véronique Bogaerts || {{flagicon|France}} Berthilde Dufour
|-
!1984 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''!! Special Prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|France}} '''Stéphane L. Picard''' || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Poland}} Danuta Glowacka || {{flagicon|Spain}} Joaquín Palomares
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|US}} Mark Bleck
|-
!1989 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''!! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|West Germany}} Franziska Pietsch || {{flagicon|East Germany}} Thomas Bötcher
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Bulgaria|1971}} Yova Slessareva || {{flagicon|Japan}} Kyoko Saburi
|-
!1993 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} '''Denitsa Kazakova''' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Ryotaro Ito || {{flagicon|Germany}} Olga Nodel
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Violoncello'''<ref name=CMCWinners/>
|-
!1976 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|France}} '''Daniel Raclot''' || {{flagicon|Brazil|1968}} [[Antônio Meneses]]
|-
!1986 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Israel}} '''Hillel Zori''' || {{flagicon|Italy}} Luca Signorini || ''Not awarded''
|-
!1991 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || {{flagicon|France}} '''Valerie Aimard''' || {{flagicon|France}} Anita Barbereau || {{flagicon|France}} Laure Vavasseur
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Germany}} Thorsten Encke
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Voice'''<ref name=CMCWinners/>
|-
!1965 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded''|| ''Not awarded''
|-
!1966 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Austria}} '''Wolfgang Witte'''
|-
!1967 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|West Germany}} '''Dirk Schortemeier'''
|-
!1968 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} '''Ionel Pantea'''
|-
!1969 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Japan}} Kiyoko Ishii
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|West Germany}} Roswitha Haub
|-
!1971 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} '''Magdalena Cononovici'''
|-
!1972 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} Sandra Sandru
|-
!1973 !! 1st prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} '''Marilena Marinescu'''
|-
!1974 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize by unanimity!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} Marius Cosmescu || {{flagicon|Hungary}} Juliana Paszthy
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Italy}} Wally Salio
|-
!1975 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|USSR}} '''Ludmila Yourchenco''' || {{flagicon|USSR}} Aleksandr Rudkowsky || {{flagicon|USSR}} Aleksandr Vorosilo
|-
!1976 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || ''Not awarded'' || ''Not awarded''
|-
!1977 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} Károly Szilágyi
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Japan}} Keiko Hibi
|-
!1978 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|France}} '''[[François le Roux]]''' || {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} Rodica Mitrica
|-
!1979 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|Hungary}} Eva Tihany || {{flagicon|Italy}} Gabriela Mazza
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Japan}} Kuniko Taguchi
|-
!1981 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])'' !! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|US}} '''Nancy Carol Moore''' || {{flagicon|France}} Anne Salvan || {{flagicon|USSR}} Olim Sadoullaiev
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Spain}} Luis Álvarez Sastre
|-
!1983 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Argentina}} '''Mabel Perelstein''' || {{flagicon|US}} [[Jennifer Larmore]] || {{flagicon|Canada}} Elise Bédard
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Spain}} Catalina Moncloa
|-
!1985 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Japan}} '''Chihiro Bamba''' || {{flagicon|West Germany}} Tomas Möwes || {{flagicon|Spain}} Teresa Verdera
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|East Germany}} Annette K. Markert
|-
!1987 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''!! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|US}} Jenny M. Miller || {{flagicon|Japan}} Fumi Yamamoto
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Jin-Ok Kim || {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} Teodor Ciurdea
|-
!1990 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''!! Special prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|USSR}} '''Vladimir Dits''' || {{flagicon|Romania}} Mirela S. Spinu || {{flagicon|Poland}} Malgorzata Lesiewicz-Przybył || {{flagicon|Spain}} Manuel Lanza
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|Spain}} Manuel Lanza
|-
!1995 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize!! 3rd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Japan}} '''Mihoko Fujimura''' || {{flagicon|Spain}} Rosa Mateu || {{flagicon|Iceland}} Hanna Dóra Sturludóttir
|-
|| || || || {{flagicon|South Korea}} Suki Kim
|-
!2000 !! 1st prize!! 2nd prize ''([[Ex aequo et bono|ex-a.]])''!! 3rd prize
|-
|| || {{flagicon|Germany}} '''[[Annette Dasch]]''' || {{flagicon|Romania}} Ramona Eremia || ''Not awarded''
|-
|| || || {{flagicon|Lithuania}} Giedré Povilaityté
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Music competitions in Spain]]
[[Category:Piano competitions]]

Pavelló de l'Espanya Industrial

2017-04-06T22:25:49Z

Jordiferrer: photo

[[File:2017 Centre Esportiu Municipal l'Espanya Industrial 04.jpg|thumb|Centre Esportiu Municipal l'Espanya Industrial]]
The '''Pavelló de l'Espanya Industrial''' ({{lang-en|Industrial Spain Pavilion}}), currently named '''Centre Esportiu Municipal l'Espanya Industrial''' is a building located in [[Barcelona]]. Completed in 1991, it hosted the [[Weightlifting at the 1992 Summer Olympics|weightlifting]] competitions for the [[1992 Summer Olympics]].

==References==
*[http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1992/1992s2.pdf 1992 Summer Olympics official report.] Volume 2. pp. 196–9.

{{1992 Summer Olympic venues}}
{{Olympic venues weightlifting}}

{{coord|41|22|38.52|N|2|08|32.40|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pavello de l'Espanya Industrial}}
[[Category:1992 Summer Olympic venues]]
[[Category:Olympic weightlifting venues]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Barcelona]]

{{Catalonia-sports-venue-stub}}

Montmeló Municipal Museum

2017-04-06T16:10:01Z

Jordiferrer: photo

[[File:Can Caballé - Museu Municipal de Montmeló 02.jpg|thumb|Can Caballé. Montmeló Municipal Museum.]]
The '''Montmeló Municipal Museum''' is a museum in the town of [[Montmeló]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]. The museum is located in an old [[manor house]], Can Caballé, which was built around 1920. In 1987, the town council bought the building and in 1996 approved its refurbishment as the home of the future museum, which opened in 1998.<ref name=" Centres de Patrimoni">{{cite book|title= Museus i Centres de Patrimoni Cultural a Catalunya |first= |last= |publisher= Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya |year=2001|ISBN=84-393-5437-1|page=86|language=Catalan }}</ref> The Museum is part of the [[Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network]].

==Permanent exhibition==
The permanent exhibition presents, under the title ''Montmeló, camins i anys'' (Montmeló, pathways and years), the historic evolution of the town within the context of El [[Vallès]] and [[Catalonia]]. In the exhibition modules visitors can see remnants of the [[Neolithic]], [[Iberians|Iberian]], [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] and [[Medieval period]]s. These modules are structured around the collection of archaeological materials that Ignasi Cantarell loaned to the Montmeló Municipal Museum in 1998. In the medieval module, there are also [[Romanesque painting|Romanesque]] murals, of which the local church of Santa Maria de Montmeló is custodian.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.montmelo.cat}}
* [http://www.diba.cat/museuslocals/nouwebmuseus/index.html Local Museum Network website]

{{coord|41|33|08.7|N|2|14|59|E|type:landmark_region:ES|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Montmelo Municipal Museum}}
[[Category:Museums established in 1998]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1920]]
[[Category:Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Vallès Oriental]]
[[Category:Archaeological museums in Catalonia]]
[[Category:Montmeló]]

Trasmediterránea

2017-02-24T19:12:40Z

Jordiferrer: commonscat

{{Infobox company
| name = Compañia Trasmediterránea S.A.
| logo = [[File:Trasmediterranea logo.svg|250px|Trasmediterranea logo]]
| caption =
| type =
| genre =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = 1916
| founder =
| defunct =
| location_city =
| location_country =
| location = [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]
| locations =
| area_served = [[Balearic Islands]], [[Spain]], [[Morocco]], [[Canary Islands]]
| key_people =
| industry =
| products =
| services = Passenger transportation, Freight transportation
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| aum =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = [http://www.trasmediterranea.es www.trasmediterranea.es]
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}

[[File:Fortuny.jpg|Fortuny|right|thumb|260px]]
[[Image:Acciona-millenium.JPG|Milenium|right|thumb|260px]]
[[Image:Juan J. Sister - IMO 9039391 -a.jpg|Juan J. Sister|right|thumb|260px]]

'''Trasmediterránea''' is a part of the [[Acciona]] group. It operates passengers and cargo ferries between mainland Spain and the [[Canary Islands]], the [[Balearic Islands]], and northern [[Africa]].

==History==
The '''Trasmediterránea''' ("cross-mediterranean") company was constituted on November 26, 1916 with the fusion of the companies of shipowners José Juan Dómine, Vicente Ferrer, Joaquín Tintoré and Enrique García, though it didn't start operating until January 1 of following year. It was hearquartered in [[Barcelona]] and had a fleet of 45 ships.

During the [[Spanish Civil War]], its ships were used as auxiliary navy ships by both sides of the conflict, the [[Spanish Republican Navy]] and the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalist faction]].

In 1978, it became a state-owned company, until it was privatized by the [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] government in 2002. The [[SEPI]] sold the company to a consortium that consisted of Acciona Logística (60%), Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo, Compañía de Remolcadores Ibaizábal, Agrupación Hotelera Dóliga, Suministros Ibiza and [[Naviera Armas]]. Later, the company changed its name to '''Acciona-Trasmediterranea'''. Currently it operates a fleet of 25 ships and is headquartered in [[Madrid]].

From 1921 to 1998, when the sector was liberalized, it had the [[monopoly]] on the lines that linked the mainland Spain with the islands and northern Africa. Today, even as it has lost its monopoly and has competition, Trasmediterránea it is still leader in its sector.

==Company activity==
[[File:Map of the Canary Islands.svg|Map of the Canary Islands|right|thumb|450px]]
[[File:Balearic Islands in Spain.svg|Map of the Balearic Islands|right|thumb|250px]]

[[File:Gibraltar World Wind view annotated.jpg|right|thumb|250px|alt=Satellite view of the Strait of Gibraltar, with key locations marked|Annotated satellite view of the Strait of Gibraltar]]
[[File:Localización de Melilla.svg|right|thumb|250px|Map of Western Mediterranean region]]
Trasmediterránea has its own maritime stations in Barcelona, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Valencia. The company's activity is structured in four zones:
* [[Canary Islands|Canarias]]-[[Cadiz]]: regular lines, in both directions, from:
**[[Cádiz]] to [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], [[Las Palmas]], [[Santa Cruz de la Palma]] and [[Arrecife]].
**Arrecife to Cádiz, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and [[Puerto del Rosario]].
**Santa Cruz de la Palma to Arrecife, Cádiz, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
**Santa Cruz de Tenerife to Arrecife, Cádiz, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, [[Morro Jable]] and Santa Cruz de la Palma.
* inter-Canarian:
**Las Palmas de Gran Canaria to Arrecife, Morro Jable, Puerto del Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Santa Cruz de la Palma.
* Mainland-[[Balearic Islands|Baleares]]: regular lines, in both directions, from:
**[[Barcelona]] to [[Palma de Mallorca]], [[Ibiza Town|Ibiza]] and [[Mahón]].
**[[Valencia (city in Spain)|Valencia]] to Palma de Mallorca, Ibiza and Mahón.
* South-[[Strait of Gibraltar|Strait]]: regular lines, in both directions, from:
**[[Algeciras]] to [[Ceuta]] and [[Tánger]] ([[Morocco]])
**[[Almería]] to [[Ghazaouet]] and [[Oran]] (Algeria), [[Melilla]] and [[Nador]] (Morocco).
**[[Málaga]] to [[Melilla]].
* [[United Kingdom]]: Previously operated regular lines, in both directions from:
** [[Bilbao]] to [[Portsmouth]] (service now discontinued).

==Fleet==
Trasmediterránea currently (March 2014) owns and operates a large fleet of vessels, comprising 19 [[Roll-on/roll-off|roro]] ferries, 1 [[High-speed craft|high speed]] [[monohull]]s and 4 high speed [[catamaran]]s.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Trasmediterránea Fleet
! Ship's name ||route(s) || Built || Passengers || Cars || Dimensions (LxB) || Gross Tonnage || Source (date: 09092014) Most sources provide pics
|-
| {{MV|Albayzin||2}} || timechartered to Acciona,Cadiz - Arrecife - Las Palmas - Tenerife - Puerto del Rosario || 2004 || 1000 || 190 || {{convert|186.0|x|25.6|m|abbr=on}} || 26,400 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9304631&lang=en M/F Albayzin]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Alborán||2}} ||timechartered to Naviera Armas || 1999 || 900 || 240 || {{convert|96.0|x|26.0|m|abbr=on}} || 6,346 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9206700&lang=en HSC Alborán]</ref>
|-
| {{ship|HSC|Alcantara Dos||2}}||Almería - Nador || 1995 || 550 || 150 || {{convert|79.95|x|23.0|m|abbr=on}} || 4,859 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9107203&lang=en HSC Alcantara Dos]</ref>
|-
| {{ship|HSC|Almudaina Dos||2}} ||laid up in Gibdock at Gibraltar (March 2016) || 1997 || 700 || 148 || {{convert|100.0|x|17.1|m|abbr=on}} || 4,662 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9141833&lang=en HSC Almudaina Dos]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Ciudad de Malaga||2}} || Algericas - TangerMed || 1998 || 1600 1242 || 450 || {{convert|139.7|x|18.4|m|abbr=on}} || 8,845 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9080015&lang=en M/F Ciudad de Malaga]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Fortuny||2}} ||Barcelona - Palma/Ibiza/Mahon || 2001 || 1000 || 330 || {{convert|172.0|x|26.2|m|abbr=on}} || 26,912 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9216585&lang=en M/F Fortuny]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Jose Maria Entrecanales||2}} || Cadiz-Canary Islands || 2010 || 12 || ? || {{convert|209.43|x|26.5|m|abbr=on}} || 30,998 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9398527&lang=en M/F Jose Maria Entrecanales]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Juan J. Sister||2}} || Malaga/Almería-Melilla || 1993 || 550 || 150 || {{convert|151.1|x|26.0|m|abbr=on}} || 22,409 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9039391&lang=en M/F Juan J. Sister]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Las Palmas de Gran Canaria||2}} || Almería - Nador || 1993/1996 || 374 800 || 260 || {{convert|116.79|x|20.72|m|abbr=on}} || 10,473 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9031997&lang=en M/F Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]</ref>
|-
| {{ship|HSC|Milenium Dos||2}} || Algeciras - Ceuta || 2003 || 900 || 267 || {{convert|97.22|x|26.6|m|abbr=on}} || 6,554 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9236315&lang=en HSC Milenium Dos]</ref>
|-
| {{ship|HSC|Milenium Tres||2}} || Algeciras - TangerMed (August 2014) || 2006 || 900 || 267 || {{convert|97.22|x|26.6|m|abbr=on}} || 6,554 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9294226&lang=en HSC Milenium Tres]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Miranda||2}} || timechartered to Acciona, Algeciras - TangerMed || 1999 || 12 || ? || {{convert|153.5|x|20.6|m|abbr=on}} || 10,471 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9183790&lang=en M/F Miranda]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Murillo||2}} || timechartered to Bulgaria West Port || 2002 || 546 || 90 || {{convert|180.0|x|24.3|m|abbr=on}} || 25,028 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9237242&lang=en M/F Murillo]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Scandola||2}} || time chartered to Acciona, Valencia-Ibiza(Ciudad) || 1992/1994 || 50 200 || 120 || {{convert|150.42|x|23.4|m|abbr=on}} || 14,398 19,308 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9019054&lang=en M/F Scandola]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Sherbatskiy||2}} || time chartered to Acciona, sailing Almería - Nador || 1980 || 1326 || 350 || {{convert|132.5|x|23.15|m|abbr=on}} || 13,601 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=7820497&lang=en M/F Sherbatskiy]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|SNAV Adriatico||2}} || Barcelona - mahon/Ibiza(Ciudad) || 1985 || 1200 || 524 || {{convert|161|x|24.6|m|abbr=on}} || 31,189 || <ref>[http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=8416308&lang=en The Ferry Site about]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Sorrento|2003|2}} || time chartered to Acciona, Valencia-Palma de Mallorca || 2003 || 1000 || 160 || {{convert|186.5|x|25.6|m|abbr=on}} || 26,000 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9264312&lang=en M/F Sorrento]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Sorolla||2}} || Almería/Malaga-Melilla || 2001 || 1000 || 330 || {{convert|172.0|x|26.2|m|abbr=on}} || 26,916 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9217125&lang=en M/F Sorolla]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Super Fast Baleares||2}} || Barcelona/Valencia - Balearen (August 2014) || 2010 || 12 || ? || {{convert|209.43|x|26.5|m|abbr=on}} || 30,998 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9399325&lang=en M/F Super Fast Baleares]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Super Fast Galicia||2}} || timechartered to the Government of Trinidad and Tobago ||2003 || 120 || 225 || {{convert|159.7|x|23.2|m|abbr=on}} || 16,686 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9263370&lang=en M/F Super Fast Galicia]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Super-Fast Andalucia||2}} || laid up in Almeria (August 2014) || 1987 2001 || 12 || ? || {{convert|185.0|x|25.2|m|abbr=on}} || 20,198 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9131515&lang=en M/F Super-Fast Andalucia]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Super-Fast Canarias||2}} || laid up in Almeria (August 2014) || 1998 2001 || 12 || ? || {{convert|185.0|x|25.2|m|abbr=on}} || 20,198 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9131527&lang=en M/F Super-Fast Canarias]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Superfast Levante||2}} || laid up (August 2014) || 2001 || 12 || 117 || {{convert|158.0|x|25.2|m|abbr=on}} || 17,391 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9204362&lang=en M/F Superfast Levante]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Tenacia||2}} || timechartered to Acciona, Barcelona - Palma de Mallorca||2008 || 500 || 600 || {{convert|199.14|x|26.6|m|abbr=on}} || 25,058 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9350707&lang=en M/F Tenacia]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Volcan de Teneguia||2}} || time chartered to Acciona, Cadiz - Canary Islands || 2007 || ? || ? || {{convert|145.0|x|22.0|m|abbr=on}} || 11,197 || <ref>Shipspotting about [http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=1406925 M/F Volcan de Teneguia]</ref>
|-
| [[MS Wisteria|''Vronskiy'']] || time chartered to Acciona, sailing Almería - Ghazaouet/Oran || 1978 || 1500 || 350 || {{convert|131.6|x|22.0|m|abbr=on}} || 13,505 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=7637149&lang=en M/F Vronskiy]</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Zurbaran||2}} || Barcelona - Palma/Ibiza/Mahon || 2000 || 300 || ? || {{convert|179.95|x|25.0|m|abbr=on}} || 24,046 || <ref>The Ferry Site about [http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9181091&lang=en M/F Zurbaran]</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat|Acciona Trasmediterránea}}
* [http://www.trasmediterranea.es/ Acciona Trasmediterránea official website]
* [http://www.acciona.es/ Acciona corporate website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Acciona Trasmediterranea}}
[[Category:Ferry companies of Spain]]
[[Category:Companies based in the Community of Madrid]]
[[Category:Transport in Catalonia]]

GNV Blu

2017-02-24T18:54:17Z

Jordiferrer: update

{{Refimprove|date=June 2009}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=
[[File:SNAV Adriatico.jpg|250px|center]]
|Ship caption=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship name=*1986–2002: ''Koningin Beatrix''
*2002–2013: ''Stena Baltica''
*2013 onwards: ''SNAV Adriatico''
|Ship owner=
|Ship operator=*1986–1989: [[Stoomvaart Maatschappij Zeeland|SMZ]]
*1989–2013: [[Stena Line]]
*2013–2014: [[SNAV]]
*2014: Ferry Xpress
*2015 onwards: [[Acciona Trasmediterránea]]
|Ship registry=*1986–1997: [[Hoek van Holland]], {{flag|Netherlands|civil}}
*1997–2002: [[London]], {{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
*2002–2013: [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]], {{flag|Bahamas|civil}}
*2013: [[Limassol]], {{flag|Cyprus}}
*2013 onwards: [[Naples]], {{flag|Italy|civil}}
|Ship route= [[Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands|Palma de Mallorca]] - [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Van der Giessen de Noord]]<ref name=Asklander>{{cite web |last=Asklander |first=Micke |title=M/S ''Koningin Beatrix'' (1986) |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/koningin_beatrix_1986.htm |work=Fakta om Fartyg |accessdate=2009-04-29 }}</ref>
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=935<ref name=Asklander />
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=5 January 1985<ref name=Asklander />
|Ship launched=9 November 1985<ref name=Asklander />
|Ship completed=1986
|Ship christened=9 November 1985 by [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]]<ref name=Asklander />
|Ship acquired=22 April 1986<ref name=Asklander />
|Ship maiden voyage=April 1986<ref name=Asklander />
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship identification=*[[Call sign]]: IBEA
*{{IMO number|8416308}}
*{{MMSI|247334600}}
|Ship fate=
|Ship status=In service
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=
|Ship tonnage={{GT|31,910}}<ref name=Asklander />
|Ship displacement=
|Ship length={{convert|164.61|m|1|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam=
|Ship height=
|Ship draught=
|Ship draft=
|Ship depth=
|Ship decks=
|Ship deck clearance=
|Ship ramps=
|Ship ice class=
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship power=4 x [[MAN SE|MAN]] 8L 40/45 diesel engines
|Ship propulsion=
|Ship speed={{convert|20|kn}}
|Ship capacity=*1,200 passengers
*524 vehicles
|Ship crew=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

[[File:Stena Baltica, starboard-bow, July 2008.jpg|thumb|305px|right|In her previous ''Stena Baltica'' livery]]

'''MS ''SNAV Adriatico''''' operating under the ''Ferry Xpress Panama'' line is a [[roll-on/roll-off]] [[ferry]] currently operated by [[Trasmediterránea]]. She used to be owned by [[Stena Line]] and operated on the [[Karlskrona]] - [[Gdynia]] service. She was built in 1986 by [[Van der Giessen de Noord]] as MS ''Koningin Beatrix'' for [[Stoomvaart Maatschappij Zeeland|SMZ]]. In 1989 she passed under Stena Line's ownership and in 2002 was renamed ''Stena Baltica''.<ref name=Asklander /> In 2013 she was sold to [[SNAV]]. On October 23, 2014, Snav leased the ship to Panamanian company Ferry Xpress Panama to start operations on the Colon - Cartagena - Colon and Colon - Bocas del Toro - Colon routes. Since 2015 is operated by Trasmediterránea.

She was built to a similar design to the [[MS Pride of Portsmouth|''SNAV Lazio'']], [[MS SNAV Sardegna|''SNAV Sardegna'']], [[MS Princess of Norway|''Princess of Norway'']] and [[MS King of Scandinavia|''King of Scandinavia'']].

==History==
The ''SNAV Adriatico'' was built in 1986 by [[Van der Giessen de Noord]] as the ''Koningin Beatrix''. It entered service the same year sailing between [[Hoek van Holland]] and [[Harwich]] for [[Stoomvaart Maatschappij Zeeland|SMZ]]. In 1989 [[Stena Line]] took over the route. She remained on that route until 1997 when she was replaced by the [[HSC Stena Discovery|''Stena Discovery'']].

Following the arrival of the ''Stena Discovery'' the ''Koningin Beatrix'' was transferred to the [[Fishguard]] - [[Rosslare Europort|Rosslare]] route, replacing the [[MS Scandinavia (1980)|''Stena Felicity'']]. She remained on the [[Fishguard]] - [[Rosslare Harbour]] route until 2002, when it was replaced by former [[Stena Line Holland BV|Stena Line BV]] fleetmate [[MS Stena Europe|''Stena Europe'']].

In 2003 the ''Koningin Beatrix'' was transferred to the [[Karlskrona]] - [[Gdynia]] route and renamed ''Stena Baltica''.

In 2005 the ''Stena Baltica'' was rebuilt at the [[Remontowa]] yard. The [[Swedish krona|SEK]] 235 million.<ref>http://www.remontowa.pl/index_en.php?n=344</ref> investment included the refurbishment of the passenger facilities on decks 7, 8 and 9. A new vehicle deck was created from stripping the cabin accommodation on decks 5 and 6. Externally, a large vehicle door and ramp was constructed at the [[Bow (ship)|bow]] and number of [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboats]] were removed.

The ''Stena Baltica'' and her running partner {{MS|Finnarrow}} were replaced on the [[Karlskrona]] - [[Gdynia]] route in 2010 by the [[MS Stena Vision|''Stena Vision'']] and [[MS Stena Spirit|''Stena Spirit'']]. The ship was laid up in Lysekil. On 24 January 2013, Stena announced the sale of the ship to SNAV.<ref>http://www.seefahrt-aktuell.de/2013/01/24/ Stena Baltica sold to SNAV</ref> In February 2013 the ship was sold to SNAV, renamed ''SNAV Adriatico'', and started the service by operating the route [[Ancona, Italy|Ancona]] – [[Split, Croatia|Split]].

In 2014, the SNAV Adriatico left SNAV service and was chartered to the Panamanian company, Ferry Xpress for services between Colon - Cartagena - Colon and Colon - Bocas del Toro - Colon. She left the service in late 2014/early 2015 where she departed for Europe, shortly after arriving in Napoli on 12 May, she left bound for Barcelona on the 21 May 2015 where it arrived two days later.

She arrived in Barcelona prior to a charter to Acciona Trasmediterránea to replace the burnt out [[MV Sorrento (2003)]] which caught fire in May 2015, she is due to sail between Palma de Mallorca and Valencia.

==External links==
{{commons-inline|Category:Stena Baltica|''Stena Baltica''}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stena Baltica}}
[[Category:Cruiseferries]]
[[Category:1985 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in the Netherlands]]

Maria Giovanna Fasce

2017-02-11T15:06:23Z

Jordiferrer: /* Life */

{{Infobox saint
|image =
|imagesize =
|caption =
|name = [[Beatification|Blessed]] Maria Giovanna Fasce [[Augustinian nuns|O.S.A.]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1881|12|27|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Torriglia]], [[Genoa]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1947|01|18|1881|12|27|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Cascia]], [[Perugia]], [[Italy]]
|titles = Religious
|resting_place =
|major_shrine =
|venerated_in = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
|feast_day = {{unbulleted list|18 January|12 October (Augustinians)}}
|attributes = Augustinian habit
|patronage = {{unbulleted list|[[Breast cancer|Against breast cancer]]}}
|beatified_date = 12 October 1997
|beatified_place = [[Saint Peter's Square]], [[Vatican City]]
|beatified_by = [[Pope John Paul II]]
|canonized_date =
|canonized_place =
|canonized_by =
}}

[[Beatification|Blessed]] '''Maria Giovanna Fasce''' (27 December 1881 - 18 January 1947) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Nun|professed religious]] of the [[Augustinian nuns]] in the religious name of "'''Maria Teresa'''".<ref name=FD>{{cite web|url=http://friarydiaries.tumblr.com/post/11341050430/oct-12-blessed-maria-teresa-fasce|title=Oct. 12: Blessed Maria Teresa Fasce|publisher=The Friary Diaries|accessdate=19 July 2016|date=}}</ref><ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|url=http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-teresa-fasce/|title=Blessed Maria Teresa Fasce|date=8 March 2016|publisher=Saints SQPN|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref> Fasce served in various leadership positions in her convent in [[Genoa]] and was noted for the establishment of an orphanage and spreading the charism of [[Saint Augustine]] and [[Saint Rita of Cascia]].<ref name=CO>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=7457|title=Bl. Maria Teresa Fasce|date=|publisher=Catholic Online|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=MA>{{cite web|url=http://midwestaugustinians.org/bl-maria-teresa-fasce/|title=Blessed Maria Teresa Fasce|date=|publisher=Midwest Augustinians|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref>

Fasce was beatified at [[Saint Peter's Square]] on 12 October 1997.<ref name=SEB>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/74060|title=Blessed Maria Teresa Fasce|date=|publisher=Santi e Beati|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref>

==Life==
[[File:2016 Santuario di Santa Rita (Cascia) 02.jpg|thumb|Monument to Maria Giovanna Fasce (Cascia)]]
Maria Giovanna Fasce was born on 27 December 1881 in [[Genoa]] to the middle-class Eugenio Fasce and his second wife Teresa Valente.<ref name=FD/><ref name=CO/> She had seven siblings and her oldest sibling was Luigia.<ref name=SEB/> Her relations dubbed her as "Marietta". Her mother died in 1889 which prompted her oldest sister Luigia to take care of Fasce.<ref name=MA/>

Fasce taught [[catechism]] to children and grew to love the charism of [[Saint Augustine]].<ref name=SQPN/> She also met her confessor Father Mariano Ferriello in Genoa who encouraged her to learn of the Augustinian figures and pursue her vocation.<ref name=CO/> She also became aware of the life of [[Saint Rita of Cascia]] and travelled to [[Rome]] in 1900 when [[Pope Leo XIII]] canonized her - this was the most important event of her life thus far and solidified her desire to become a [[nun]]. She expressed this intention to her relations who took the news bad and her brothers in particular were negative about it. Her oldest sister Luigia accepted this but did not understand Fasce's reasoning for living in a primitive place like Cascia.<ref name=MA/> She applied for admission to a Ligurian [[convent]] but was rejected much to her surprise. The Abbess Giuseppina Gattarelli said that she believed Fasce was unable to handle the rigors of the monastic life.<ref name=CO/> Fasce reapplied and was accepted in 1906.

On 22 June 1906 she entered the convent of the [[Order of Saint Augustine]] (she received the habit on the night of 25 December 1906) and made the profession of her initial vows on 25 December 1907 in the religious name of "Maria Teresa".<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/> She became quite disillusioned due to the convent's decline and returned home in June 1910 for a period of deep reflection. Her time at home saw her affirm her desire to be in the monastic life and returned to the convent in May 1911 and later made her solemn vows on 22 March 1912. She was appointed as novice mistress on 17 July 1914 at the time of [[World War I]] and was then vicar of her convent from 1917 until 1920. The unanimous decision of the convent's leadership saw her made abbess on 12 August 1920 and she held that post until her death.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=MA/><ref name=SEB/>

In 1923 she began the circulation of the newsletter "Dalle Api alle Rose" (first edition published 22 May 1923)<ref name=FD/> in order to promote the almost unknown chapel that contained the remains of Saint Rita of Cascia and desired bringing people to [[God]] through the saint she admired.<ref name=SQPN/> Fasce suffered from a malignant tumor on her right breast and had to undergo two operations on it. She referred to her tumor as her "treasure" that was the most beautiful gift that [[Jesus Christ]] had given her.<ref name=CO/> She suffered from [[diabetes]] and [[asthma]] and also became overweight which caused walking difficulties - fellow nuns also had to move her in a chair later in her tenure.

Her goal was the construction of a girl's orphanage which began construction in 1925 and finished in 1938 though she had to depend on donations and work was slow due to the bad economic climate and the onslaught of [[World War II]].<ref name=MA/> She referred to the orphan girls as her "bees" and the first girl to be admitted into the new orphanage was Edda Petrucci.<ref name=FD/>

Fasce died in 1947. Her remains were placed next to Saint Rita of Cascia.<ref name=SQPN/>

==Beatification==
[[File:Basilica inferiore di Santa Rita 2.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Tomb.]]
The beatification process commenced in the [[Diocese of Spoleto-Norcia]] in an informative process that commenced on 5 August 1968 and concluded its business on 5 June 1971. Fasce was titled as a [[Servant of God]] on 5 August 1968 under [[Pope Paul VI]] once the process commenced. The [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]] validated the process on 6 May 1988 in Rome.

The postulation sent the [[Positio]] dossier to the C.C.S. for further assessment at which point theologians met and approved its contents on 17 January 1995 while the C.C.S. themselves followed suit on 6 June 1995. [[Pope John Paul II]] proclaimed Fasce to be [[Venerable]] on 11 July 1995 after confirming that the late religious had lived a model Christian life of [[heroic virtue]].

The miracle needed for her beatification was investigated in the Italian diocese of its origin and received C.C.S. validation on 17 March 1995 while a medical board approved the miracle on 30 November 1995; theologians also voiced their approval on 24 January 1997 while the C.C.S. did so as well on 18 March 1997. John Paul II approved the miracle on 7 July 1997 and beatified her on 12 October 1997.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1947.htm Hagiography Circle]
*[http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-teresa-fasce/ Saints SQPN]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fasce, Maria Giovanna}}
[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:19th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:20th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:Beatifications by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Augustinian Order]]
[[Category:Italian beatified people]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Italian nuns]]
[[Category:People from Genoa]]
[[Category:Venerated Catholics]]

Maria Giovanna Fasce

2017-02-11T15:05:49Z

Jordiferrer: Foto

{{Infobox saint
|image =
|imagesize =
|caption =
|name = [[Beatification|Blessed]] Maria Giovanna Fasce [[Augustinian nuns|O.S.A.]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1881|12|27|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Torriglia]], [[Genoa]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1947|01|18|1881|12|27|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Cascia]], [[Perugia]], [[Italy]]
|titles = Religious
|resting_place =
|major_shrine =
|venerated_in = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
|feast_day = {{unbulleted list|18 January|12 October (Augustinians)}}
|attributes = Augustinian habit
|patronage = {{unbulleted list|[[Breast cancer|Against breast cancer]]}}
|beatified_date = 12 October 1997
|beatified_place = [[Saint Peter's Square]], [[Vatican City]]
|beatified_by = [[Pope John Paul II]]
|canonized_date =
|canonized_place =
|canonized_by =
}}

[[Beatification|Blessed]] '''Maria Giovanna Fasce''' (27 December 1881 - 18 January 1947) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Nun|professed religious]] of the [[Augustinian nuns]] in the religious name of "'''Maria Teresa'''".<ref name=FD>{{cite web|url=http://friarydiaries.tumblr.com/post/11341050430/oct-12-blessed-maria-teresa-fasce|title=Oct. 12: Blessed Maria Teresa Fasce|publisher=The Friary Diaries|accessdate=19 July 2016|date=}}</ref><ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|url=http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-teresa-fasce/|title=Blessed Maria Teresa Fasce|date=8 March 2016|publisher=Saints SQPN|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref> Fasce served in various leadership positions in her convent in [[Genoa]] and was noted for the establishment of an orphanage and spreading the charism of [[Saint Augustine]] and [[Saint Rita of Cascia]].<ref name=CO>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=7457|title=Bl. Maria Teresa Fasce|date=|publisher=Catholic Online|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=MA>{{cite web|url=http://midwestaugustinians.org/bl-maria-teresa-fasce/|title=Blessed Maria Teresa Fasce|date=|publisher=Midwest Augustinians|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref>

Fasce was beatified at [[Saint Peter's Square]] on 12 October 1997.<ref name=SEB>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/74060|title=Blessed Maria Teresa Fasce|date=|publisher=Santi e Beati|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref>

==Life==
[[File:2016 Santuario di Santa Rita (Cascia) 02.jpg|thumb|Monumento alla Madre Teresa, Maria Giovanna Fasce (Cascia)]]
Maria Giovanna Fasce was born on 27 December 1881 in [[Genoa]] to the middle-class Eugenio Fasce and his second wife Teresa Valente.<ref name=FD/><ref name=CO/> She had seven siblings and her oldest sibling was Luigia.<ref name=SEB/> Her relations dubbed her as "Marietta". Her mother died in 1889 which prompted her oldest sister Luigia to take care of Fasce.<ref name=MA/>

Fasce taught [[catechism]] to children and grew to love the charism of [[Saint Augustine]].<ref name=SQPN/> She also met her confessor Father Mariano Ferriello in Genoa who encouraged her to learn of the Augustinian figures and pursue her vocation.<ref name=CO/> She also became aware of the life of [[Saint Rita of Cascia]] and travelled to [[Rome]] in 1900 when [[Pope Leo XIII]] canonized her - this was the most important event of her life thus far and solidified her desire to become a [[nun]]. She expressed this intention to her relations who took the news bad and her brothers in particular were negative about it. Her oldest sister Luigia accepted this but did not understand Fasce's reasoning for living in a primitive place like Cascia.<ref name=MA/> She applied for admission to a Ligurian [[convent]] but was rejected much to her surprise. The Abbess Giuseppina Gattarelli said that she believed Fasce was unable to handle the rigors of the monastic life.<ref name=CO/> Fasce reapplied and was accepted in 1906.

On 22 June 1906 she entered the convent of the [[Order of Saint Augustine]] (she received the habit on the night of 25 December 1906) and made the profession of her initial vows on 25 December 1907 in the religious name of "Maria Teresa".<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/> She became quite disillusioned due to the convent's decline and returned home in June 1910 for a period of deep reflection. Her time at home saw her affirm her desire to be in the monastic life and returned to the convent in May 1911 and later made her solemn vows on 22 March 1912. She was appointed as novice mistress on 17 July 1914 at the time of [[World War I]] and was then vicar of her convent from 1917 until 1920. The unanimous decision of the convent's leadership saw her made abbess on 12 August 1920 and she held that post until her death.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=MA/><ref name=SEB/>

In 1923 she began the circulation of the newsletter "Dalle Api alle Rose" (first edition published 22 May 1923)<ref name=FD/> in order to promote the almost unknown chapel that contained the remains of Saint Rita of Cascia and desired bringing people to [[God]] through the saint she admired.<ref name=SQPN/> Fasce suffered from a malignant tumor on her right breast and had to undergo two operations on it. She referred to her tumor as her "treasure" that was the most beautiful gift that [[Jesus Christ]] had given her.<ref name=CO/> She suffered from [[diabetes]] and [[asthma]] and also became overweight which caused walking difficulties - fellow nuns also had to move her in a chair later in her tenure.

Her goal was the construction of a girl's orphanage which began construction in 1925 and finished in 1938 though she had to depend on donations and work was slow due to the bad economic climate and the onslaught of [[World War II]].<ref name=MA/> She referred to the orphan girls as her "bees" and the first girl to be admitted into the new orphanage was Edda Petrucci.<ref name=FD/>

Fasce died in 1947. Her remains were placed next to Saint Rita of Cascia.<ref name=SQPN/>

==Beatification==
[[File:Basilica inferiore di Santa Rita 2.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Tomb.]]
The beatification process commenced in the [[Diocese of Spoleto-Norcia]] in an informative process that commenced on 5 August 1968 and concluded its business on 5 June 1971. Fasce was titled as a [[Servant of God]] on 5 August 1968 under [[Pope Paul VI]] once the process commenced. The [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]] validated the process on 6 May 1988 in Rome.

The postulation sent the [[Positio]] dossier to the C.C.S. for further assessment at which point theologians met and approved its contents on 17 January 1995 while the C.C.S. themselves followed suit on 6 June 1995. [[Pope John Paul II]] proclaimed Fasce to be [[Venerable]] on 11 July 1995 after confirming that the late religious had lived a model Christian life of [[heroic virtue]].

The miracle needed for her beatification was investigated in the Italian diocese of its origin and received C.C.S. validation on 17 March 1995 while a medical board approved the miracle on 30 November 1995; theologians also voiced their approval on 24 January 1997 while the C.C.S. did so as well on 18 March 1997. John Paul II approved the miracle on 7 July 1997 and beatified her on 12 October 1997.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1947.htm Hagiography Circle]
*[http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-teresa-fasce/ Saints SQPN]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fasce, Maria Giovanna}}
[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:19th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:20th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:Beatifications by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Augustinian Order]]
[[Category:Italian beatified people]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Italian nuns]]
[[Category:People from Genoa]]
[[Category:Venerated Catholics]]

Simon Halsey

2017-01-20T00:38:12Z

Jordiferrer: commonscat

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
[[File:Concert Requiem de Fauré - Palau de la Música 03.jpg|thumb|Simon Halsey at the [[Palau de la Música Catalana]], Barcelona (2016)]]
'''Simon Halsey''', [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (born 8 March 1958) is an English choral conductor. He is the Chorus Director of the [[City of Birmingham Symphony Chorus]], a position he has held since 1983, and has been Chorus Director of the [[London Symphony Chorus]] since 2012.<ref name="Morley">{{cite news | author=Christopher Morley | title=The joys of having a 'dream job' for 25 years | url=http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/whats-on/music/joys-having-dream-job-25-3959253/ | work=Birmingham Post | date=2008-06-19 | accessdate=2008-09-05}}</ref> He is also artistic director of the [[Berlin Philharmonic]] Youth Choral Programme and the director of the [[BBC Proms]] Youth Choir, and Conductor Laureate of the Berlin Radio Choir.<ref name="rundfunkchor-berlin.de">http://www.rundfunkchor-berlin.de/content/e1/e934/index_eng.html</ref> He is Professor and Director of Choral Activities at the [[University of Birmingham]].<ref>http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/latest/2012/05/16-May-12-Simon-Halsey-appointed-to-new-role-at-University-of-Birmingham.aspx</ref>

==Early career==
Born in [[London]], Halsey sang in the choirs of both [[New College, Oxford]] and [[King's College, Cambridge]]. He studied conducting at the [[Royal College of Music]] in London.

In 1987, he founded the ''City of Birmingham Touring Opera'' (since 2001 the [[Birmingham Opera Company]]) with leading international opera director [[Graham Vick]]. In addition, he was Artistic Director and founder of the professional choir European Voices, and Principal Conductor, Choral Programme for the [[Northern Sinfonia]], from 2004-2012.

He founded the City of Birmingham Youth Chorus in 1995. His position with the CBSO Chorus brings him into regular contact with the [[City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra]], including as conductor of the annual Christmas Concerts.

Halsey served as Chief Conductor of the Netherlands Radio Choir (Groot Omroepkoor) from 1997 to 2008.<ref name="Morley"/> He was International chair of Choral Conducting of the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama from 2008-2014.

==Current Positions==

Since 1983, Halsey has been the Chorus Director of the [[City of Birmingham Symphony Chorus]].<ref name="Morley"/>

Halsey is currently artistic director of the [[Berlin Philharmonic]] Youth Choral Programme and the director of the [[BBC Proms]] Youth Choir; he has held both these positions since 2012.

From 2001-2015, he also served as Chief [[Conductor (music)|Conductor]], Artistic Director of the Berlin Radio Choir (Rundfunkchor Berlin). He gave his last concert in this role on 31 May 2015, his replacement being Dutch conductor Gijs Leenaars; Halsey continues his association with the choir under the title of Conductor Laureate.<ref name="rundfunkchor-berlin.de"/><ref name="rundfunkchor-berlin.de"/> Since August 2012 he has been Chorus Director of the [[London Symphony Chorus]].<ref>{{cite web|title=London Symphony Chorus|url=http://lso.co.uk/page/3695/London-Symphony-Chorus|publisher=London Symphony Orchestra|accessdate=15 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=New Chorus Director|url=http://www.lsc.org.uk/about/news/361|accessdate=26 May 2012|newspaper=LSC News|date=15 May 2012}}</ref> He was appointed chorus master of Barcelona's [[Orfeó Català]] in July 2015, a position he will take up in the 2016-17 season.<ref>http://www.ara.cat/cultura/nou_director_de_l-Orfeo_Catala_Palau_de_la_Musica-Simon_Halsey_rellevara_Josep_Vila_0_1385861548.html</ref>

He was involved in the BBC Proms in 2012-2015, preparing choirs for performances of [[Michael Tippett]]'s ''A Child of Our Time'' (2012), [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]' ''A Sea Symphony'', [[Benjamin Britten]]'s ''War Requiem'' and [[Edward Elgar]]'s ''The Dream of Gerontius''.

Other positions include Artistic Advisor of Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival Choir Academy (since 2014),<ref>http://www.shmf.de/en/ca</ref> Professor and director of Choral Activities, University of Birmingham (since 2012),<ref>http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/staff/profiles/music/halsey-simon.aspx</ref> and International Chair of Choral Conducting, for the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama.<ref>http://www.rwcmd.ac.uk/other/biography/choral_conducting/simon_halsey.aspx</ref>

Halsey has worked with orchestras and choirs all over the world. He has also conducted projects as diverse as [[Handel]]'s [[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]] with the [[Minnesota Orchestra]] and [[Gabriel Fauré|Fauré]]'s [[Requiem (Fauré)|Requiem]] with the CBSO Chorus and the [[Hong Kong Philharmonic]]. With the [[Berlin Philharmonic]], he worked on a performance of [[Britten]]'s Noyes Fludde, for the 10 year anniversary of Berlin Phil Education.<ref>http://www.digitalconcerthall.com/en/concert/17322/rattle-britten</ref> He is also currently the artistic director for Crowd Out, a massive work for chorus composed by [[David Lang (composer)|David Lang]].<ref>http://www.berliner-philharmoniker.de/en/education/projects/crowd-out/</ref>

Halsey has also been involved with numerous recordings, including a live recording of [[Beethoven]]'s 9th Symphony with the CBSO Chorus and the [[Vienna Philharmonic]], under [[Simon Rattle]]. In 2006 he conducted the CBSO Chorus in their first completely choral recording, an album of English Choral Favourites. In addition, Halsey is consultant editor on [[Faber Music]]'s Choral Programme Series of sheet music.

==Awards==
Simon Halsey has won numerous awards, including three Grammys for Best Choral Performance. One in 2008 for a recording of [[Brahms]]' Ein Deutches Requiem, by the Berlin Radio Choir and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Simon Rattle. Another in 2009 for [[Stravinsky]]'s Symphony of Psalms, Symphony in C and Symphony in 3 movements, by the Berlin Radio Choir, Berlin Philharmonic and Simon Rattle. His third Grammy was in 2011 for [[Saariaho]]'s L'amour de loin, by the Berlin Radio Choir and Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester, conducted by Kent Nagano.

He has also obtained a number of other awards for his work, including a Diapason d'or from Diapason magazine in France; a BBC Music Magazine award, and has won several German Echo Klassik awards.

Halsey was awarded the Bundesverdienstkreuz (Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany) in 2010, and has three honorary doctorates, from [[Warwick University]], the [[University of Central England]] and [[Birmingham University]]. In March 2015 he was awarded the 2014 Queen's Medal for Music.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2015/QueensMedalforMusic2014announced.aspx |title=The Queen's Medal for Music 2014 announced |author= |date=12 March 2015 |website=www.royal.gov.uk |publisher=Official website of the British Monarchy |accessdate=12 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20150313234424/http://www.royal.gov.uk:80/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2015/QueensMedalforMusic2014announced.aspx |archivedate=13 March 2015 }}</ref>

Halsey was appointed [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the 2015 [[Queen's Birthday Honours]].<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/434869/Queens_birthday_honours_list_2015.pdf</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.intermusica.co.uk/halsey Intermusica profile and biography]
* [http://www.cbso.co.uk/?page=performers/chorus/halsey.html CBSO biography]
{{Queen's Medal for Music}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Halsey, Simon}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Music]]
[[Category:English conductors (music)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of New College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Birmingham]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]

Rafael Guastavino

2017-01-03T09:00:29Z

Jordiferrer: commonscat

{{Refimprove|date=February 2011}}
[[Image:Rafael Guastavino Moreno.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Rafael Guastavino Moreno, about 1880]]
'''Rafael Guastavino Moreno''' ([[Valencia, Spain]], 1842 – [[Asheville, North Carolina]] 1908) was a [[Spain|Spanish]] architect and builder. Based on the [[Catalan vault]] he created the [[Guastavino tile]], a "Tile Arch System" patented in the United States in 1885 used for constructing robust, self-supporting [[arch]]es and [[Vault (architecture)|architectural vaults]] using interlocking [[terracotta]] [[tile]]s and layers of [[mortar (masonry)|mortar]]. Guastavino tile is found in some of New York's most prominent [[Beaux Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts landmarks]] and in major buildings across the United States. It is used in a huge number of architecturally important and famous buildings with vaulted spaces. Guastavino was not the principal architect for most of the projects.

==Guastavino Fireproof Construction Company==
[[File:Grand Central Oyster Bar & Restaurant (Manhattan, New York) 002.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The Oyster Bar under Guastavino tile vaulting, [[Grand Central Terminal]]]]

In 1881 he came to New York City from [[Barcelona]],<ref name="Globe_20110226">{{cite news
| url = http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2011/02/26/rafael_guastavino_the_greatest_architect_youve_never_heard_of/
| title = The greatest architect you've never heard of
| author = Sam Allis
| work = [[The Boston Globe]]
| date = February 26, 2011
| accessdate = February 26, 2011
}}</ref> with his youngest son, nine-year-old Rafael III. In Spain he had been an accomplished architect trained in Barcelona and was a contemporary of [[Antoni Gaudi]]. In the March 7, 1885 article entitled The Dakota Apartment House, printed in The Real Estate Record and Builders Guide, he was listed as being the contractor in charge of "fireproof construction" of the luxury apartment building that was completed in 1884. Though not specified, the work may very well have included the groined vault entry on the south side on West 72nd Street, the north side on West 73rd Street, as well as the construction of the subterranean basement, and the 3-foot thick arched floors between the basement and attic levels. Years later he was commissioned by the firm of [[McKim, Mead, and White]]'s [[Boston Public Library]] (1889), which increased his reputation with every major architect on the East Coast.<ref name="Globe_20110226" /> His published drawings of interior decoration of the Spanish Renaissance style caught the eye of an architect, who asked him to submit a design for the planned New York Progress Club building. After forming a partnership with William Blodgett, he eventually was offered a construction position in 1890 with [[George W. Vanderbilt]] to construct arches for the new mansion, ''Biltmore'' at Asheville, North Carolina.

After working on the estate, he decided to build his own retirement home in the mountains of [[Black Mountain, North Carolina]] in a 500-acre valley. His house, ''Rhododendron'', had a vineyard, dairy, brick kiln, and more. This property currently is owned by Christmount Assembly, the conference center for the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]].<ref>[http://www.christmount.org/ Christmount, conference and retreat center of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]</ref> On the property there still are artifacts that may be visited, including the kiln and chimney, a wine cellar, beautiful old stone walls, and many smaller artifacts that have been rediscovered as modern buildings have been constructed.

[[File:St Francis de Sales (Philadelphia) 1.png|thumb|right|250px|[[St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church (Philadelphia)|St. Francis de Sales church]] in Philadelphia]]

He and his son developed twenty-four items that were awarded patents. Their company, Guastavino Fireproof Construction Company,<ref name="Globe_20110226" /> run by the father then by his son, was incorporated in 1889 and executed its final contract in 1962.

[[Akoustolith]] was one of several trade names used by Guastavino.

Literally hundreds of major building projects incorporate the distinctive [[Guastavino tile|Tile Arch System]]. In [[Chicago]], the central nave vaulting of [[Rockefeller Chapel]] at the [[University of Chicago]] uses 100,000 Guastavino tiles. In [[Boston]], Guastavino tiles are found in the [[Boston Public Library]]; in [[New York City]], in the [[Grand Central Terminal]], [[Grant's Tomb]], [[Carnegie Hall]], the [[American Museum of Natural History]], [[Congregation Emanu-El of New York]], and [[St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church (Manhattan)|St. Bartolomew's Episcopal Church]]; and in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] building and the [[National Museum of Natural History]] on the [[National Mall]]. Guastavino tiles form the domes of [[Philadelphia]]'s [[St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church (Philadelphia)|St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church]], and in [[Pittsburgh]]'s [[Union Station (Pittsburgh)|Union Station]], the vaulting of the carriage turnaround is a Guastavino tile system. In [[Nebraska]], the tiles may be seen in the [[Nebraska State Capitol]].

===Work in New York City===
[[File:Bridgemarket tile ceiling jeh.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Bridgemarket, under [[Queensboro Bridge]]]]
In 1900, New York architects [[Heins & LaFarge]] hired Guastavino to help construct [[City Hall (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)|City Hall station]], the underground showpiece for the [[Interborough Rapid Transit Company|IRT]], the first part of the then-new [[New York City Subway]]. The station, although elegant, was never convenient or popular, and after it closed in 1945 it became a legendary abandoned Manhattan underground relic, the secret of subway buffs and [[urban spelunker]]s. Guastavino also installed the ceiling of the south arcade of the [[Manhattan Municipal Building]], which was constructed during 1907-1914.

Having experienced [[Ellis Island]] as an incoming immigrant, in 1917 the younger Guastavino was commissioned to rebuild the ceiling of the Ellis Island Great Hall. The Guastavinos set 28,832 tiles into a self-supporting interlocking {{convert|56|ft|m|sing=on}}-high ceiling grid so durable and strong that during the restoration project of the 1980s, as many sources repeat the story, only seventeen of those tiles needed replacing.

The largest dome created by the Guastavino Company was over the central [[crossing (architecture)|crossing]] for the [[Cathedral of Saint John the Divine]] in [[Manhattan]]: it is {{convert|100|ft|m|abbr=on}} in diameter and {{convert|160|ft|m}} high. This dome was intended to be a temporary structure, to be replaced by a high central tower. In 2009 this "temporary" fix celebrated the 100th anniversary of its construction. In large part, Guastavino received this contract due to the much lower price he could quote because his system served as its own scaffolding. This was an extreme test of his system, however. The masons had to work from above, each day adding a few rows of tiles, and standing on the previous day's work to progress. At the edges, many layers of tile were laid, and the dome thins as it rises toward the center.

==As architect==
Few structures designed and built by Guastavino alone have been identified. He was responsible for a series of rowhouses with unusual Moresque features on West 78th Street (121-131 known as the "red and whites"), in [[Manhattan]]'s [[Upper West Side]], which survive. One of Guastavino's structures, an event space, is located under the [[Midtown Manhattan]] end of the [[Queensboro Bridge]].<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/pages/New-York-NY/Guastavinos/109188109102681 Guastavino Facebook page, retrieved 2010-11-21]</ref> His son Rafael's Mediterranean villa (1912) built entirely of Guastavino tiles, still stands on [[Awixa Avenue]], in [[Bay Shore]], [[Long Island]].<ref>[http://www.awixa.com/ Penataquit Point History]</ref>

==Retirement in North Carolina==
[[Image:Basillica.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Inside dome of the [[Basilica of St. Lawrence, Asheville|Basilica of St. Lawrence]], and final resting place of Raphael Guastavino (d.1908) in [[Asheville]], [[North Carolina]].<ref name = nrhpinv>{{Cite web | author =Michael T. Southern and Peter Austin| title = Rafael Guastavino, Sr., Estate| work = National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory | date =May 1989| url = http://www.hpo.ncdcr.gov/nr/BN0196.pdf | format = pdf | publisher = North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office | accessdate = 2014-08-01}}</ref>]]

After working on a commission at the [[Biltmore Estate]], Guastavino retired to [[Black Mountain, North Carolina|Black Mountain]]. The site of his estate is now Christmount, the conference and retreat center of the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]]. Ruins of the Guastavino Estate still stand, as well as a collection of Guastavino memorabilia in the Christmount library. In North Carolina his work is found in [[Duke Chapel]] in [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], the [[Jefferson Standard Building]] in [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], the Motley Memorial in [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], and [[Basilica Shrine of St. Mary (Wilmington, North Carolina)|Basilica Shrine of St. Mary]] in [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]]. He is buried in the crypt of the [[Basilica of St. Lawrence, Asheville]], which he designed in 1905.

The [[Rafael Guastavino, Sr., Estate]] was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1989.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

==Archival sources==
*[http://findingaids.cul.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-a/ldpd_3463538/.html The records and drawings of the Guastavino Fireproof Construction Company] are held by the [http://library.columbia.edu/locations/avery/da.html/ Department of Drawings & Archives] in the [[Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library]] at [[Columbia University]] in New York City.<ref>http://clio.cul.columbia.edu:7018/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=3463538</ref>

== See also ==
*[[First Church of Christ, Scientist (Cambridge, Massachusetts)]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{reflist}}

'''Further reading'''
* Ochsendorf, John; Freeman, Michael (Photographer), [http://www.amazon.com/Guastavino-Vaulting-Art-Structural-Tile/dp/1568987412 ''Guastavino Vaulting: The Art of Structural Tile''], Princeton Architectural Press; 1st edition (September 22, 2010). ISBN 978-1568987415

==External links==
{{commonscat|Rafael Guastavino Moreno}}
*[http://www.rafaelguastavino.com/ Rafaelguastavino.com:] documenting Guastavino's work in New York City
*[http://web.mit.edu/cron/Backup/project/guastavino/www/ Guastavino.net backup at MIT:] documenting Guastavino's work in the Boston area, this page provides copies of writings and patents by the Guastavinos as well
* [http://vimeo.com/49352185 Video] of masons using traditional Guastavino methods, ca.2012
* [http://findingaids.cul.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-a/ldpd_3463538/.html Guastavino Fireproof Construction Company architectural records, 1866-1985 (bulk, 1890-1942)]. [http://library.columbia.edu/locations/avery/da.html/ Held by the Department of Drawings & Archives], [http://library.columbia.edu/locations/avery.html/ Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University, New York City]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guastavino, Rafael}}
[[Category:1842 births]]
[[Category:1908 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials in North Carolina]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from New York City]]
[[Category:Spanish Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Valencian architects]]

List of tallest buildings in Barcelona

2016-12-28T21:20:57Z

Jordiferrer: better image

[[File:Skyscrapers in Diagonal Mar, Barcelona.jpg|thumb|center|700px|[[22@]] business center in Diagonal Mar district, main cluster of skyscrapers in Barcelona.]]
{{TOC right}}
[[Barcelona]] as the capital of [[Catalonia]], the second biggest city in [[Spain]] and sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union, is a city with one of the largest number of skyscrapers in Europe. The recent trend in architecture in recent years has been promoting the construction of high-rise buildings as part of a wider modernisation plan that has been taking place since 1992, the year the [[Olympic games]] were held [[1992 Summer Olympics|in Barcelona]]. Most of the skyscrapers in Barcelona were built in the 70's, 90's and after 2002.

Barcelona has a few clusters of skyscrapers (outside the historic city center): [[Diagonal Mar i el Front Marítim del Poblenou|Diagonal Mar]] (nearly twenty skyscrapers), [[Gran Via (Barcelona)|Gran Via]] (about fifteen skyscrapers), around [[Plaça d'Espanya, Barcelona|Plaça d'Espanya]] (a few skyscrapers) and [[Eix Macià]] (a few skyscrapers). The other skyscrapers are scattered about the city.

Barcelona and its metropolitan area has about 15 skyscrapers above {{convert|100|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and more than 40 skyscrapers between {{convert|70|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|100|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, a total of about 60 skyscrapers above {{convert|70|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. As for the number of skyscrapers above {{convert|100|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, Barcelona has a [[List of tallest buildings in the European Union#Tallest buildings per city|4th place in the European Union]]. When it comes to use, most skyscrapers is the office buildings and hotels.

==Tallest buildings==
The list includes buildings (above {{convert|70|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}) in the city of Barcelona and its metropolitan area.
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Rank
! Name
! Image
! Height m (ft)
! Floors
! Year
! Use
! Location municipality district
|-
|align="center"| 1
| [[Hotel Arts]]
| [[File:Hotel Arts.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|154|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 44
|align="center"| 1992
| Hotel
| [[Barcelona]] [[Ciutat Vella]]
|-
|align="center"| 1
| [[Torre Mapfre]]
| [[File:2007-02-05-barcelona-by-RalfR-57.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|154|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 43
|align="center"| 1992
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Ciutat Vella]]
|-
|align="center"| 3
| [[Torre La Sagrera]]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|148|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 36
|align="center"| Proposed
| Office / Hotel
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Andreu]]
|-
|align="center"| 4
| [[Torre Agbar]]
| [[File:Agbar Tower Barcelona.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|144|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 34
|align="center"| 2004
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 5
| [[Habitat Sky]] (''Hotel Meliá Barcelona Sky'')
| [[File:Edificio en poble nou - panoramio.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|116|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 31
|align="center"| 2008
| Hotel
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 6
| [[Hotel Porta Fira]] (left)
| [[File:Barcelona 2010 August 005 Hotel.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|113|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 26
|align="center"| 2010
| Hotel
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Granvia l'Hospitalet]]
|-
|align="center"| 7
| [[Torre Realia BCN]] (right)
| [[File:Barcelona 2010 August 005 Hotel.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|112|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 24
|align="center"| 2009
| Office
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Granvia l'Hospitalet]]
|-
|align="center"| 8
| [[Diagonal Zero Zero]]
| [[File:ZeroZero.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|110|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 24
|align="center"| 2009
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 8
| [[Edificio Colón]]
| [[File:Barcelona Edificio Colón.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|110|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 28
|align="center"| 1970
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Ciutat Vella]]
|-
|align="center"| 10
| [[Hotel Barcelona Princess]]
| [[File:Diagonal Mar buildings.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|109|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 26
|align="center"| 2004
| Hotel
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 11
| [[Torre Puig]]<ref>[http://www.emporis.com/building/puig-headquarters-tower-l-hospitalet-de-llobregat-spain Puig Headquarters Tower] - Emporis</ref>
|
|align="center"| {{convert|109|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 2014
| Hotel
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Bellvitge]]
|-
|align="center"| 11
| [[Hesperia Tower]]
| [[File:Spain.Catalonia.Hospitalet.Hotel.Hesperia.Plantilla.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|105|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 28
|align="center"| 2006
| Hotel
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Bellvitge]]
|-
|align="center"| 11
| [[Hotel Catalonia Plaza Europa]]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|105|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 26
|align="center"| 2011
| Hotel
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Granvia l'Hospitalet]]
|-
|align="center"| 14
| [[Torre Inbisa]]
| [[File:Torre Inbisa.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|104|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 25
|align="center"| 2010
| Office
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Granvia l'Hospitalet]]
|-
|align="center"| 14
| [[Diagonal-Bilbao-Pere IV]]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|104|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 27
|align="center"| 2016
| Office / Residential
| [[Barcelona]] [[Poblenou (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 14
| [[Torre Zenit]] (''Torre Werfen'')
| [[File:Torre Werfen.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|104|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 25
|align="center"| 2009
| Office
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Granvia l'Hospitalet]]
|-
|align="center"| 16
| [[Hotel Torre Catalunya]]
| [[File:BarcelonaMNAC.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|100|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 25
|align="center"| 1970
| Hotel
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sants-Montjuïc]]
|-
|align="center"| 17
| [[Illa del Mar]] 1
|
|align="center"| {{convert|99|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 29
|align="center"| 2008
| Residencial
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 17
| [[W Barcelona]] (''Hotel Vela'')
| [[File:W Barcelona by Ricardo Bofill.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|99|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 29
|align="center"| 2009
| Hotel
| [[Barcelona]] [[Ciutat Vella]]
|-
|align="center"| 19
| [[World Trade Center Almeda Park]]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|94|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 28
|align="center"| Under construction
| Hotel
| [[Cornellà]] [[Alameda Parc]]
|-
|align="center"| 20
| [[Cambra de Comerç]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/cambra-de-comerc-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|91|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| Under construction
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 20
| [[Porta Firal]] A [http://www.emporis.com/complex/porta-firal-ii-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|91|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 25
|align="center"| Under construction
|
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sants-Montjuïc]]
|-
|align="center"| 20
| [[Porta Firal]] B [http://www.emporis.com/complex/porta-firal-ii-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|91|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 25
|align="center"| Under construction
|
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sants-Montjuïc]]
|-
|align="center"| 20
| [[Porta Firal]] C [http://www.emporis.com/complex/porta-firal-ii-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|91|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 25
|align="center"| Under construction
|
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sants-Montjuïc]]
|-
|align="center"| 23
| [[Torre Millenium]]
| [[File:Sabadell - Parc de Catalunya.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|90|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 2002
| Office
| [[Sabadell]] [[Eix Macià]]
|-
|align="center"| 24
| [[Illa de la Llum]] 1
| [[File:P1030943.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|89|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 26
|align="center"| 2005
| Residential
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 25
| [[Consorci de la Zona Franca]]
| [[File:Diagonal Mar buildings.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|88|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 2005
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 25
| [[Hotel AC Barcelona]]
| [[File:Hotel AC Barcelona (Catalonia).jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|88|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 2004
| Hotel
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 27
| [[Edifici Gas Natural]] (''Torre Mare Nostrum'')
| [[File:Edifici Gas Natural - Barcelona (Catalunya) 2.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|86|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 20
|align="center"| 2005
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 27
| [[Torre Nova Diagonal]]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|86|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 2007
| Residential
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 29
| [[Hilton Diagonal Mar Barcelona Hotel]]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|85|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 25
|align="center"| 2004
| Hotel
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 29
| [[Secretari Coloma 114-118]]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|85|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 23
|align="center"| 1975
| Residential
| [[Barcelona]] [[Gràcia(district)|Gràcia]]
|-
|align="center"| 29
| [[La Caixa, Barcelona|La Caixa]] 1
| [[File:Torres de la Caixa.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|85|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 26
|align="center"| 1974
| Office
| [[Barcelona]]
|-
|align="center"| 32
| [[Ferran Junoy 56-90]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/ferran-junoy-56-90-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|84|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 25
|align="center"| Under construction
|
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Andreu]]
|-
|align="center"| 32
| [[Diagonal-Bilbao-Pere IV]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/diagonal-bilbao-pere-iv-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|84|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"|
|align="center"| Under construction
|
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 34
| [[Torre Banc de Sabadell]]
| [[File:La sede del Banc Sabadell.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|83|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 23
|align="center"| 1969
| Office
| [[Barcelona]]
|-
|align="center"| 34
| [[Melia Barcelona Hotel]]
| [[File:Magische fontein bcn.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|83|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 23
|align="center"| 1972
| Hotel
| [[Barcelona]] [[Les Corts (district)|Les Corts]]
|-
|align="center"| 36
| [[Edificio Grupo Godó]]
| [[File:Grup Godó.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|82|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 24
|align="center"| 1970
| Office
| [[Barcelona]]
|-
|align="center"| 36
| [[Paddock Bulevard]]
| [[File:Sabadell Eix Macià Edifici.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|82|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 20
|align="center"| 1998
| Office
| [[Sabadell]] [[Eix Macià]]
|-
|align="center"| 38
| [[Hotel Princesa Sofia]]
| [[File:Hotel Princesa Sofia Barcelona 2.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|79|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 1975
| Hotel
| [[Barcelona]]
|-
|align="center"| 39
| [[Edificio Tarragona]]
| [[File:Barcelona Parc Joan Miro.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|78|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 1998
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sants-Montjuïc]]
|-
|align="center"| 39
| [[Cubics I]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/cubics-i-santa-coloma-de-gramenet-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|78|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 25
|align="center"| 2010
| Residential
| [[Santa Coloma de Gramenet|Santa Coloma]]
|-
|align="center"| 41
| [[Edificio Allianz, Barcelona|Edificio Allianz]]
| [[File:Allianz Barcelona - 001.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|77|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 20
|align="center"| 1993
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sants-Montjuïc]]
|-
|align="center"| 41
| [[Torre Núñez y Navarro]]
| [[File:Barcelona 33B 2013.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|77|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 20
|align="center"| 1993
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sants-Montjuïc]]
|-
|align="center"| 41
| [[Illa del Mar]] 2
| [[File:Sur del lago oeste del P.del Diagonal Mar.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|77|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 23
|align="center"| 2007
| Residential
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 41
| [[Torre Macià]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/torremacia-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|77|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 20
|align="center"| 1970
|
| [[Barcelona]] [[Les Corts (district)|Les Corts]]
|-
|align="center"| 45
| [[Hospital de Bellvitge]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/hospital-residencia-principes-de-espana-l-hospitalet-de-llobregat-spain]
| [[File:Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|76|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 1972
| Hospital
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Bellvitge (L'Hospitalet de Llobregat)|Bellvitge]]
|-
|align="center"| 46
| [[Torres Europa|Torre Europa]] 3
| [[File:Torres Europa - Plaça Europa.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|75|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 19
|align="center"| 2009
| Residential
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Granvia l'Hospitalet]]
|-
|align="center"| 46
| [[Torres Europa|Torre Europa]] 4
| [[File:Torres Europa - Plaça Europa.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|75|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 19
|align="center"| 2009
| Residential
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Granvia l'Hospitalet]]
|-
|align="center"| 46
| [[Torres Europa|Torre Europa]] 5
| [[File:Torres Europa - Plaça Europa.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|75|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 19
|align="center"| 2009
| Residential
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Granvia l'Hospitalet]]
|-
|align="center"| 46
| [[Biopol Mar]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/biopol-mar-l-hospitalet-de-llobregat-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|75|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 16
|align="center"| Under construction
| Office
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat|L'Hospitalet]] [[Granvia l'Hospitalet]]
|-
|align="center"| 50
| [[Diagonal 197]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/diagonal197-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|72|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 19
|align="center"| 2008
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 50
| [[Illa de Mar 2]] [https://www.emporis.com/buildings/133728/illa-del-mar-2-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|72|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 23
|align="center"| 2008
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 50
| [[D199]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/d199-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|72|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 18
|align="center"| 2009
| Office / hotel
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 50
| [[Torre RBA]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/torre-rba-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|72|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 18
|align="center"| 2010
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 50
| [[Torre 22@ Mediapro]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/torre-22-mediapro-barcelona-spain]
| [[File:Mediapro.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|72|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 18
|align="center"| 2008
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 50
| [[Porta Firal]] D [http://www.emporis.com/complex/porta-firal-ii-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|72|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 14
|align="center"| Under construction
|
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sants-Montjuïc]]
|-
|align="center"| 56
| [[Edificio Atalaya]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/edificioatalaya-barcelona-spain]
| [[File:Edificio Atalaya.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|71|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 1971
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Les Corts (district)|Les Corts]]
|-
|align="center"| 56
| [[Carrer Pau Casals]] 2 [http://www.emporis.com/building/carrerpaucasals2-vilassardemar-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|71|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 19
|align="center"|
|
| [[Vilassar de Mar]]
|-
|align="center"| 58
| [[Illa del Cel]] 1 [http://www.emporis.com/building/illadelcel1-barcelona-spain]
| [[File:P1030943.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|70|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 2003
| Residential
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 58
| [[Illa del Llac]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/illadelllac1-barcelona-spain][http://www.emporis.com/building/illadelllac2-barcelona-spain]
| [[File:Lago oeste,Parque del Diagonal Mar Nublado.JPG|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|70|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| 2002
| Residential
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
|align="center"| 58
| [[Torre Urquinaona]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/torreurquinaona-barcelona-spain]
| [[File:Spain.Barcelona.Torre.Urquinaona.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|70|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 21
|align="center"| 1973
| Office / Residential
| [[Barcelona]] [[Eixample]]
|-
|align="center"| 58
| [[Torre Meridiana]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/torremeridiana-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|70|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 18
|align="center"| 2006
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Porta, Barcelona|Porta]]
|-
|align="center"| 60
| [[Les Orenetes de l'Eix]]
| [[File:Sabadell - Eix Macià.jpg|80px]]
|align="center"| {{convert|70|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 20
|align="center"| 2005
|
| [[Sabadell]] [[Eix Macià]]
|}
*list not full

==Tallest under construction - approved and proposed==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name
! Image
! Height m (ft)
! Floors
! Status
! Use
! Location municipality district
|-
| [[Cambra de Comerç]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/cambra-de-comerc-barcelona-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|91|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| on hold
| Office
| [[Barcelona]] [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Martí]]
|-
| [[Torre Front Marítim]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/torrefrontmaritim-mataro-spain]
|
|align="center"| {{convert|80|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|align="center"| 22
|align="center"| competition entry
| Residential / Office
| [[Mataró]]
|-
| [[Illa Central]] [http://www.emporis.com/building/illa-central-onze04-badalona-spain] (''Onze04'')
|
|align="center"|
|align="center"| 23
|align="center"| competition entry
| Office
| [[Badalona]]
|}

==Gallery==
[[File:Granvia L'H, Barcelona in 2010.jpg|thumb|center|700px|[[Gran Via (Barcelona)|Gran Via]] business center and skyscrapers from the left: [[Torre Inbisa]] (white colour), [[Torre Zenit]], [[Torres Europa|Torres Europa (Torre Europa 3,4,5)]], [[Hotel Porta Fira]] (red colour), [[Torre Realia BCN]], [[Hotel Catalonia Plaza Europa]] (on the picture still under construction - on the upper floors).]]
{|
[[File:Sabadell - Eix Macià.jpg|thumb|[[Eix Macià]] area and skyscrapers from the left: [[Torre Millenium]], [[Paddock Bulevard]] and [[Les Orenetes de l'Eix]].]]
|
[[File:Passeig colom 3.JPG|thumb|from the left: [[Torre Mapfre]], [[Hotel Arts]] and [[Edifici Gas Natural]]]]
|}
{|
[[File:RBarcelona (2).JPG|thumb|[[Plaça d'Espanya, Barcelona|Plaça d'Espanya]] area and skyscrapers (in the background) from the left: [[Hotel Torre Catalunya]], [[Edificio Tarragona]], [[Torre Núñez y Navarro]] and [[Edificio Allianz, Barcelona|Edificio Allianz]].]]
|
[[File:Hotel Vela (1).JPG|thumb|[[W Barcelona]] hotel (''Hotel Vela''), one of the symbols of Barcelona]]
|}

==Tallest structures==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Rank
! Name
! Use
! Height (m)
! Floors
! Year
! Municipality
! District
|-
| 1
| [[Torre de Collserola]]
| communications tower
| 288.80
| 13
| 1992
| [[Barcelona]]
| [[Sarrià-Sant Gervasi]]
|-
|2
|[[Besòs thermal station]]
| power station
| 200
| n/a
| 1970
| [[Sant Adrià de Besòs]]
| [[La Marina del Besòs]]
|-
| 3
| [[Sagrada Família]]
| Church
| 172
| 3
| unfinished
| [[Barcelona]]
| [[Eixample]]
|-
| 4
| [[Montjuic Communications Tower|Montjuïc Tower]]
| Communications Tower
| 136
| --
| 1992
| [[Barcelona]]
| [[Sants-Montjuïc]]
|-
| 5
| [[Torre Jaume I]]
| Aerial Tramway Support Pillar
| 107
| n/a
| 1931
| [[Barcelona]]
| [[Ciutat Vella]]
|}
Tall structures of unknown height:
* Onde Cero Radio Mast. Guyed mast used by "Onde Cero" for broadcasting on 540 kHz ({{coord|41|28|19.04|N|2|12|50.84|E}})

==Sources and external links==
{{commons category|Skyscrapers in Barcelona}}
* [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/?id=100905 Report for Barcelona] at [[Emporis]]
* [http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=594 Report for Barcelona] at [[SkyscraperPage]]
* [http://en.structurae.de/geo/geoid/index.cfm?id=17310 Report for Barcelona] at [[Structurae]]
* [http://www.aplust.net/permalink.php?atajo=toyo_ito_b_arquitectos_fira_towers_in_progress_lhospitalet_de_llo_egat_barcelona&filtrado=cat Fira Towers in progress. Photos and architectural review by a+t architecture publishers]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{TBSW}}

[[Category:Lists of tallest buildings in Europe|Barcelona, tallest]]
[[Category:Skyscrapers in Barcelona|*]]
[[Category:Lists of tallest buildings in Spain|Barcelona]]
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Catalonia|Tallest buildings and structures in Barcelona]]
[[Category:Barcelona-related lists|Tallest buildings and structures in Barcelona]]

Bellvitge

2016-12-25T23:38:40Z

Jordiferrer: commonscat

{{Unreferenced|date=October 2010}}
[[Image:Spain.Hospitalet.Bellvitge.Rotonda.01.jpeg|thumb|300px|right|A roundabout in Bellvitge.]]
'''Bellvitge''' ({{IPA-ca|bəʎˈvid͡ʒə}}) is a mostly working-class neighborhood in [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat]], belonging to the [[metropolitan area of Barcelona]]. It is part of L'Hospitalet's [[District VI (L'Hospitalet)|District VI]], along with [[Gornal (L'Hospitalet de Llobregat)|Gornal]].

Bellvitge is situated at a height of 4 to 8 meters above sea level. It borders the cities of [[Cornellà de Llobregat]], [[El Prat de Llobregat]] and [[Barcelona]] on the west and south; [[El Gornal]] neighborhood in the east, with El Centre to the north.

==History==
In 1964 the real estate agency Inmobiliaria Ciudad Condal S.A. (ICC) initiated the construction of this neighbourhood as it stands nowadays, beside the hermitage, on land which had been bought from local farmers. It was designed as a residential area to house the large number of people who came to [[Catalonia]] and [[Barcelona]] from elsewhere in Spain in the 1960s to work in the bustling automotive industry.

==People from Bellvitge==
*[[:ca:Xavi Fernández]]: Professional basketball player
*[[Alberto Lopo]]: Football player for the [[Deportivo de La Coruña]]

==Transport==
*[[Bellvitge railway station]]
*[[Barcelona Metro]] stations [[Bellvitge (Barcelona Metro)|Bellvitge]] and [[Hospital de Bellvitge (Barcelona Metro)|Hospital de Bellvitge]], on [[Barcelona Metro line 1|L1]].

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.l-h.net/ Official website of L'Hospitalet's city council.]

{{coord|41.35078|N|2.11111|E|source:placeopedia|display=title}}
[[Category:L'Hospitalet de Llobregat]]

Pietro Paolo Cristofari

2016-09-13T16:11:16Z

Jordiferrer: photo

[[File:Saint Sebastian in Saint Peter's Basilica.jpg|thumb|Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian, mosaic by Pietro Paolo Cristofari after the painting of Domenichino.]]
'''Pietro Paolo Cristofari''' (1685–1743) was a late-[[Baroque]] [[Italy|Italian]] [[mosaic]]ist active in [[Rome]], and the son of [[Fabio Cristofari]]. He became the first director of the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] mosaic studio, responsible for decorating the domes and altars in [[St. Peter's Basilica]].<ref name="dif">F. R. DiFederico, (1983), ''The Mosaics of Saint Peter's Decorating the New Basilica'', University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, pp. 18; 28–29.</ref> Under his leadership he personally made mosaic altarpieces after the paintings of artists such as [[Giovanni Francesco Romanelli]], [[Guercino]], [[Domenichino]], and [[Nicolas Poussin]].<ref name="dif" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cristofari, Pietro Paolo}}
[[Category:1685 births]]
[[Category:1743 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian artists]]

{{Italy-artist-stub}}

Pietro Paolo Cristofari

2016-09-13T16:11:02Z

Jordiferrer: photo

[[File:Saint Sebastian in Saint Peter's Basilica.jpg|Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian, mosaic by Pietro Paolo Cristofari after the painting of Domenichino.]]
'''Pietro Paolo Cristofari''' (1685–1743) was a late-[[Baroque]] [[Italy|Italian]] [[mosaic]]ist active in [[Rome]], and the son of [[Fabio Cristofari]]. He became the first director of the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] mosaic studio, responsible for decorating the domes and altars in [[St. Peter's Basilica]].<ref name="dif">F. R. DiFederico, (1983), ''The Mosaics of Saint Peter's Decorating the New Basilica'', University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, pp. 18; 28–29.</ref> Under his leadership he personally made mosaic altarpieces after the paintings of artists such as [[Giovanni Francesco Romanelli]], [[Guercino]], [[Domenichino]], and [[Nicolas Poussin]].<ref name="dif" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cristofari, Pietro Paolo}}
[[Category:1685 births]]
[[Category:1743 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian artists]]

{{Italy-artist-stub}}

Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy

2016-09-11T17:47:37Z

Jordiferrer: photo

{{Infobox event
| title = Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy
| image = File:Jubilee of Mercy logo.jpg
| caption = Official logo
| native_name = Iubilaeum Extraordinarium Misericordiae
| native_name_lang = latin
| english_name =
| time =
| duration = {{Duration in days|2015|12|08|2016|11|20}} days
| date = {{start date|2015|12|08}} – {{end date|2016|11|20}}
| venue =
| location = Worldwide
| also known as =
| type = [[Jubilee (Christianity)|Jubilee]]
| theme = [[Mercy]]
| budget =
| patron = 
| organisers = Various [[diocese]]s
| participants =
| website = {{URL|www.im.va}}
| notes =
}}

The '''Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy''' ({{lang-la|'''Iubilaeum Extraordinarium Misericordiae'''}}) is a [[Roman Catholic]] period of prayer held from the [[Feast of the Immaculate Conception]] (December 8), 2015, to the [[Feast of Christ the King]] (November 20), 2016.<ref name="huffpost">{{cite news|title=Pope Francis Predicts Short Papacy, Announces Jubilee Year Of Mercy|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/13/pope-francis-short-papacy-pizza_n_6864994.html|accessdate=September 7, 2015|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=March 13, 2015}}</ref>
Like previous [[Jubilee (Christianity)|jubilees]], it is seen by the Church as a period for remission of sins and universal pardon focusing particularly on God's forgiveness and [[mercy]]. It is an ''extraordinary'' Jubilee because it had not been predetermined long before; usually ordinary jubilees take place every 25 years. The 2016 Jubilee was first announced by [[Pope Francis]] on March 13, 2015.<ref name="huffpost"/> It was declared in the pope's April 2015 [[papal bull]] of indiction, ''Misericordiae Vultus'' ([[Latin]]: "The Face of [[Mercy]]").<ref name=Misericordiae/> It is the 27th [[holy year]] in history, following the ordinary [[Great Jubilee|2000 Jubilee]] during [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]'s papacy.<ref name="huffpost"/> The opening day was also the fiftieth anniversary of the closing of the [[Second Vatican Council]].<ref name=Misericordiae/>

Francis wishes the Jubilee to be celebrated not only in Rome but all around the world; for the first time [[holy door]]s are open in single [[diocese]]s, either in the cathedral or in historical churches.<ref name="press conference">{{cite web |title=Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy |url=http://www.iubilaeummisericordiae.va/content/gdm/en/giubileo.html |website=iubilaeummisericordiae.va |publisher=Pontifical Council for the Promotion of New Evangelization |date=May 5, 2015 |accessdate=September 7, 2015}}</ref> The first holy door was opened by Pope Francis in [[Bangui]] on November 29, 2015, during a tour of East Africa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pope opens Holy Door at Mass in Bangui cathedral |url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/11/29/pope_opens_holy_door_at_mass_in_bangui_cathedral/1190630 |accessdate=December 8, 2015 |work=Vatican Radio |date=November 29, 2015}}</ref>

== Papal bull ==
[[File:Saint Peter's Basilica 2016 - 003.jpg|thumb|[[Holy Door]] of St. Peter's Basilica opened in 2016.]]
The Jubilee of Mercy was formally declared through the papal bull ''Misericordiæ Vultus'', issued on April 11, 2015, which emphasizes the importance of mercy and the need to 'gaze' on it; the bull also recalls the need for the Church to be more open, keeping alive the spirit of the Second Vatican Council.<ref name=Misericordiae/>

The holy doors of the [[major basilica]]s of [[Rome, Italy|Rome]] (including the Great Door of [[St. Peter's Basilica|St. Peter's]]) were opened, and special 'Doors of Mercy' were opened at cathedrals and other major churches around the world. The opening of the holy door at St. Peter's was the first time two popes were present, as [[Pope Benedict XVI|Pontiff Emeritus Benedict]] attended at Pope Francis' invitation.<ref name=opening/>

By passing through the holy doors, the faithful can earn [[indulgence]]s after fulfilling the usual conditions of prayer for the pope's intentions, confession, and detachment from sin, and communion.<ref name=opening/> During [[Lent]] of that year, special 24-hour [[penance]] services will be celebrated, and during the year, special qualified and experienced priests called 'Missionaries of Mercy' will be available in every diocese to forgive even severe, special-case sins normally reserved to the Holy See's [[Apostolic Penitentiary]].<ref name=Misericordiae/><ref name=time/>

In the bull, Pope Francis states about the opening of the holy door, "the Holy Door will become a Door of Mercy through which anyone who enters will experience the love of God who consoles, pardons, and instils hope".<ref name=Misericordiae/>

== Concessions ==

It was announced that all priests (during the Jubilee year{{snd}}ending November 20, 2016), will be allowed in the [[Sacrament of Penance]] to grant absolution for [[abortion]], which outside North America is reserved to bishops and certain priests who are given such mandate by their bishop.

By the same letter, Pope Francis also granted permission for priests of the [[Society of Saint Pius X]] to validly confer absolution, while under normal circumstances they do not possess the jurisdiction needed to confer this sacrament.<ref name="Register Akin">{{cite news|last1=Akin|first1=Jimmy|title=Holy Year Gestures on Abortion and the SSPX: 12 Things to Know and Share|url=http://www.ncregister.com/blog/jimmy-akin/dramatic-gestures-on-abortion-and-the-sspx-in-the-year-of-mercy-12-things-t|accessdate=December 30, 2015|work=[[National Catholic Register]]|date=September 1, 2015}}</ref>

== Logo and hymn ==

The official logo, designed by Father Marko I. Rupnik, shows Jesus, personification of Mercy, carrying on his shoulders a "lost man", emphasizing how deep the Savior touches humanity; his eyes are merged with those of the carried man. The background is filled by three concentric ovals, with lighter colors outwards, meaning that Jesus is carrying the man out of the darkness of sin. On one side the image is also joined by the official motto: ''Misericordes Sicut Pater'' (''Merciful Like the Father''), derived from [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 6:36, which stands as an invitation to follow the example of the Father by loving and forgiving without limits.<ref>{{cite web|title=Description of the logo|url=http://www.iubilaeummisericordiae.va/content/gdm/en/giubileo/logo.html|website=iubilaeummisericordiae.va|publisher=Pontifical Council for the Promotion of New Evangelization|accessdate=September 7, 2015|location=Vatican State}}</ref>

The official hymn, with most verses derived from the Gospels, First Corinthians and Psalms, was written by Eugenio Costa, S.J., with original music composed by Paul Inwood.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hymn of the Jubilee of Mercy|url=http://www.iubilaeummisericordiae.va/content/gdm/en/giubileo/inno.html|website=iubilaeummisericordiae.va|publisher=Pontifical Council for the Promotion of New Evangelization|accessdate=September 7, 2015|location=Vatican State}}</ref>

== Main events ==

The following main events and days of celebration for specific categories of faithfuls are scheduled:<ref>{{cite web|title=Major events|url=http://www.im.va/content/gdm/en/roma/grandi-eventi.html|website=im.va|publisher=Pontifical Council for the Promotion of New Evangelization|accessdate=September 14, 2015|location=Vatican State}}</ref>

* November 29, 2015: opening of a holy door in [[Cathédrale Notre-Dame (Bangui)|Bangui's Notre-Dame Cathedral]]
* December 8, 2015: opening of the holy door in St. Peter's Basilica
* December 13, 2015: opening of the holy door in the [[Archbasilica of St. John Lateran]], the [[Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls]], and in many [[cathedral]]s around the world
* January 1, 2016: opening of the holy door in the [[Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore]]
* January 19–21, 2016: Jubilee for the pilgrims
* February 2, 2016: Jubilee for consecrated lives, closing of the "Year for Consecrated Life"
* February 22, 2016: Jubilee for the Roman Curia
* March 4–5, 2016: penitential liturgy and call for "24 Hours for the Lord"
* March 20, 2016: Palm Sunday
* April 3, 2016: Jubilee for all those who find themselves in the spirituality of mercy
* April 24, 2016: Jubilee for newly [[Confirmation|confirmed]] aged 13–16 (to older young people is dedicated the World Youth Day in July<ref name="press conference"/>)
* May 27–29, 2016: Jubilee for deacons
* June 3, 2016: Jubilee for priests
* June 12, 2016: Jubilee for diseased people and those who assist them
* July 26–31, 2016: Jubilee for young people and [[World Youth Day 2016]] in [[Kraków|Kraków, Poland]]
* September 4, 2016: Jubilee for volunteers
* September 25, 2016: Jubilee for catechists
* October 8–9, 2016: Marian Jubilee
* November 6, 2016: Jubilee for prisoners; some prisoners will attend celebrations in St. Peter's Basilica<ref name="press conference"/>
* November 13, 2016: closing of holy doors outside St. Peter's Basilica
* November 20, 2016: closing of the holy door in St. Peter's Basilica

== References ==

{{reflist|refs=

<ref name= opening>{{cite news | url = http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2015/12/08/opening-the-holy-year-francis-says-mercy-always-trumps-judgment/ | title = Opening the Holy Year, Francis says mercy always trumps judgment | first = Inés | last = San Martín | date = December 8, 2015 | accessdate = December 8, 2015 | work = Crux }}</ref>

<ref name=Misericordiae>[http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_letters/documents/papa-francesco_bolla_20150411_misericordiae-vultus.html Misericordiae Vultus – Bull of indiction of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy (11 April 2015)]. ''The Holy See''. Retrieved on 2015-05-08.</ref>

<ref name=time>[http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/pope-francis-now-is-the-time-for-mercy-98103/ Pope Francis: Now is the time for mercy :: Catholic News Agency (CNA)]. (2015-04-11). Retrieved on 2015-05-08.</ref>

}}

== External links ==

* {{official website|http://www.im.va/}}

{{Authority control}}{{Catholic Church}}{{Pope Francis}}

[[Category:Jubilee (Christianity)]]
[[Category:2015 in Christianity]]
[[Category:2016 in Christianity]]
[[Category:Pope Francis]]

Louis de Montfort

2016-09-06T18:50:24Z

Jordiferrer: photo

{{Infobox saint
|name= Saint Louis de Montfort
|birth_date= {{birth date|df=yes|1673|1|31}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|df=yes|1716|4|28|1673|1|31}}
|feast_day= 28 April
|venerated_in= [[Roman Catholic Church]]
|image=Louis de Montfort.jpg
|imagesize=200px
|caption=St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort
|birth_place= [[Montfort-sur-Meu]], [[France]]
|death_place= [[Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre]]
|titles=[[Author]], [[Priest]] and [[Confessor]]
|beatified_date= 1888
|beatified_place=
|beatified_by=[[Pope Leo XIII]]
|canonized_date= 1947
|canonized_place=
|canonized_by=[[Pope Pius XII]]
|attributes=
|patronage=
|major_shrine=
|suppressed_date=
|issues=
}}
{{Christian mysticism}}
'''Saint Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort''' (31 January 1673 – 28 April 1716) was a French Roman Catholic priest and [[Confessor]]. He was known in his time as a preacher and was made a missionary apostolic by [[Pope Clement XI]].

As well as preaching, Montfort found time to write a number of books which went on to become classic Catholic titles and influenced several popes. Montfort is known for his particular devotion to the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] and the practice of praying the [[Rosary]].

Montfort is considered as one of the early writers in the field of [[Roman Catholic Mariology|Mariology]]. His most notable works regarding [[Marian devotions]] are contained in ''The [[Secret of Mary]]'' and the ''[[True Devotion to Mary]]''.

The Roman Catholic Church, under the pontificate of [[Pope Pius XII]] canonized Montfort on July 20, 1947.<ref name=vatican.va >{{cite web|title=Letter of Pope John Paul II to Mark the 50th Anniversary Of The Canonization of Saint Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort|url=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/1997/june/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19970621_montfort_en.html|author=Pope John Paul II|date=21 June 1997|work=[[Holy See|vatican.va]]|accessdate=2 May 2013}}</ref> A "founders statue" created by Giacomo Parisini is located in an upper niche of the south nave of [[Saint Peter's Basilica]].

==Early years==
[[File:Montfort-sur-Meu (35) Maison natale de Saint-Louis-Marie-Grignon-de-Montfort.jpg|thumb|left|Montfort's birthplace in ''Montfort-sur-Meu'']]
He was born in [[Montfort-sur-Meu]], the eldest surviving child of eighteen born to Jean-Baptiste and Jeanne Robert Grignion. His father was a notary. Louis-Marie passed most of his infancy and early childhood in [[Iffendic]], a few kilometers from Montfort, where his father had bought a farm. At the age of 12, he entered the [[Jesuit]] College of St Thomas Becket in [[Rennes]], where his uncle was a parish priest.<ref name=poulain>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09384a.htm Poulain, Augustin. "St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 21 Feb. 2013]</ref>

At the end of his ordinary schooling, he began his studies of philosophy and theology, still at St Thomas in Rennes.
Listening to the stories of a local priest, the Abbé Julien Bellier, about his life as an itinerant missionary, he was inspired to preach missions among the very poor. And, under the guidance of some other priests he began to develop his strong devotion to the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]].
[[File:Francois-Etienne Villeret St Sulpice Paris.jpg|thumb|19th century depiction of [[Saint-Sulpice, Paris|St Sulpice]] where Montfort had earlier studied for the priesthood]]
He was then given the opportunity, through a benefactor, to go to Paris to study at the renowned Seminary of [[Saint-Sulpice (Paris)|Saint-Sulpice]]<ref name=Foley>[http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/saint.aspx?id=1911 Foley O.F.M., Leonard. ''Saint of the Day: Lives, Lessons and Feast'', (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M.), Franciscan Media]</ref> towards the end of 1693. When he arrived in Paris, it was to find that his benefactor had not provided enough money for him, so he lodged in a succession of boarding houses, living among the very poor, in the meantime attending the Sorbonne University for lectures in theology. After less than two years, he became very ill and had to be hospitalized, and survived his hospitalization and the blood letting that was part of his treatment at the time.

Upon his release from the hospital, to his surprise he found himself with a place reserved at the Little Saint-Sulpice, which he entered in July 1695. Saint-Sulpice had been founded by [[Jean-Jacques Olier]], one of the leading exponents of what came to be known as the [[French school of spirituality]]. Given that he was appointed the librarian, his time at Saint-Sulpice gave him the opportunity to study most of the available works on spirituality and, in particular, on the Virgin Mary's place in the Christian life. This later led to his focus on the Holy [[Rosary]] and his acclaimed book the [[Secret of the Rosary]].

===Devotion to the angels===
Even as a seminarian in Paris, Montfort was known for the veneration he had toward the angels: he "urged his confreres to show marks of respect and tenderness to their guardian angels." He often ended his letters with a salutation to the guardian angel of the person to whom he was writing: "I salute your guardian angel". He also saluted all the angels in the city of Nantes, a custom that, it appears, he repeated when he entered a new village or city.<ref name=angels>[http://www.ewtn.com/library/Montfort/Handbook/Angels.htm ''Jesus Living in Mary: Handbook of the Spirituality of St. Louis de Montfort'', Montfort Publications, Litchfield, CT, 1994]</ref>

One of the reasons why Saint Louis Marie de Montfort had such devotion to the angels is that veneration of the pure spirits was an integral part of his training and also of his culture. His college teachers, the Jesuits, were known for their zeal in propagating devotion to the angels. Montfort's seminary training under the Sulpicians brought him into contact with the thought of [[Pierre de Bérulle|Cardinal de Bérulle]] and Olier, both of whom had deep veneration for the angels. Furthermore, in the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, manuals of piety and treatises on the pure spirits were numerous.<ref name=angels/>

==From priest to preacher==
He was ordained a priest in June 1700,<ref name=Foley/> and assigned to [[Nantes]]. His great desire was to go to the foreign missions, preferably to the new French colony of Canada, but his spiritual director advised against it. His letters of this period show that he felt frustrated from the lack of opportunity to preach as he felt he was called to do.

In November 1700 he joined the Third Order of the Dominicans and asked permission not only to preach the rosary, but to also form rosary confraternities.<ref>Raymond Burke, 2008, ''Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons,seminarians, and Consecrated Persons'', Queenship Publishing ISBN 1-57918-355-7 page 708</ref> He began to consider the formation of a small company of priests to preach missions and retreats under the standard and protection of the Blessed Virgin. This eventually led to the formation of the [[Company of Mary]]. At around this time, he first met [[Beatification|Blessed]] [[Marie Louise Trichet]] when he was appointed the chaplain of the hospital of [[Poitiers]]. That meeting became the beginning of Blessed Marie Louise's thirty-four years of service to the poor.

He set off to make a pilgrimage to [[Rome]], to ask [[Pope Clement XI]], what he should do. The Pope recognised his real vocation and, telling him that there was plenty of scope for its exercise in France, sent him back with the title of Apostolic Missionary.<ref name=Heart>James, Theodore E. and Nevins, Albert J., ''Heart of Catholicism: Essential Writings of the Church from St. Paul to John Paul II'' 1997 ISBN 0879738065</ref> On his return from his long pilgrimage to Rome, Montfort made a retreat at Mont Saint Michel "to pray to this archangel to obtain from him the grace to win souls for God, to confirm those already in God's grace, and to fight Satan and sin.<ref name=angels/> These occasions gave him time to think, contemplate and write.

For several years he preached in missions from Brittany to Nantes. As his reputation as a missioner grew, he became known as "the good Father from Montfort". At [[Pontchateau]] he attracted hundreds of people to help him in the construction of a huge [[Calvary]]. However, on the very eve of its blessing, the Bishop, having heard that it was to be destroyed on the orders of the King of France under the influence of members of the [[Jansenist]] school, forbade its benediction. It is reported that upon receiving this news, he simply said, "Blessed be God."<ref name=poulain/>

==Final years==
[[File:Louis-Marie de Montfort with Marie-Louise Trichet, in the foundation of the Daughter of the Wisdom congregation.jpg|thumb|Depiction of Montfort with [[Marie Louise Trichet]], at the Daughter of the Wisdom congregation, 19th century]]
He left Nantes and the next several years were extraordinarily busy for him. He was constantly occupied in preaching missions, always traveling on foot between one and another. Yet he found time also to write - his ''True Devotion to Mary'',<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OccCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1&dq=1863+paternoster+faber&ei=9EifR7C7OYzQiQH2jJC3Cg&hl=en#PPA71,M1 Grignon De Montfort, Louis Marie. ''A treatise on the true devotion to the blessed virgin'', (F.W. Faber, trans.), 1863]</ref> ''The Secret of Mary''<ref>[http://www.catholictradition.org/Classics/secret-mary.htm Grignon De Montfort, Louis Marie. ''Secret of Mary'']</ref> and the ''Secret of the Rosary'', rules for the [[Company of Mary]] and the [[Daughters of Wisdom]], and many Hymns. His missions made a great impact, especially in the [[Vendée]].

The heated style of his preaching was regarded by some people as somewhat strange and he was poisoned once.<ref name=poulain/> Although it did not prove fatal, it caused his health to deteriorate. Yet he continued, undeterred. He went on preaching and established free schools for the poor boys and girls.

===Daughters of Wisdom===
The bishop of [[La Rochelle]] had been impressed with Montfort for some time and invited him to open a school there. Montfort enlisted the help of his follower Marie Louise Trichet who was then running the General Hospital in [[Poitiers]]. In 1715 Marie Louise and Catherine Brunet left Poitiers for La Rochelle to open the school there and in a short time it had 400 students.

On August 22, 1715, Trichet and Brunet, along with Marie Valleau and Marie Régnier from La Rochelle received the approbation of Bishop de Champflour of La Rochelle to perform their religious profession under the direction of Montfort. At the ceremony Montfort told them: "Call yourselves the [[Daughters of Wisdom]],<ref name=Foley/> for the teaching of children and the care of the poor." The Daughters of Wisdom grew into an international organization and the placing of Montfort's ''founders statue'' in [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] was based on that organization.<ref>[http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Statues/Founders/LouisdeMontfort/Louis%20de%20Montfort.htm Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica]</ref>

===Death and burial===
Montfort's sixteen years of priesthood include many months of solitude, perhaps as many as a total of four years: at the cave of Mervent, amidst the beauty of the forest, at the hermitage of Saint Lazarus near the village of Montfort, and at the hermitage of Saint Eloi in [[La Rochelle]].

Worn out by hard work and sickness, he finally came in April 1716 to [[Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre]] to begin the mission which was to be his last. During it, he fell ill and died on 28 April of that year. He was 43 years old, and had been a priest for only 16 years. His last sermon was on the tenderness of Jesus and the Incarnate Wisdom of the Father. Thousands gathered for his burial in the parish church, and very quickly there were stories of miracles performed at his tomb.

Exactly 43 years later, on April 28, 1759, Marie Louise Trichet also died in Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre and was buried next to Montfort. On September 19, 1996, [[Pope John Paul II]] (who beatified Trichet) came to the same site to meditate and pray at their adjacent tombs.

==Spirituality==
[[File:2016 - Statues in Saint Peter's Basilica 06.jpg|thumb|Statue of Louis de Montfort at [[Saint Peter's Basilica]]]]
* "God Alone": was the motto of Saint Louis and is repeated over 150 time in his writings.
* The Incarnation: "The Incarnation of the Word is for him the absolute central reality."<ref name=vatican.va/>
* Love of the Blessed Virgin Mary
* Fidelity to the Cross
* Missionary Zeal<ref name=matara>[http://www.ssvmusa.org/Events/CatholicCulture/Montfort.Apr28.shtm "St. Louis Marie Grignion de Montfort (1673 – 1716)", Servants of the Lord and the Virgin of Matará]</ref>

===Total Consecration to Mary===
In Montfort's approach to Marian consecration, Jesus and Mary are inseparable. He views "consecration to Jesus in Mary" as a special path to being conformed to, united and consecrated to Christ, given that
:''" ...of all creatures the one most conformed to Jesus Christ, it follows that among all devotions that which most consecrates and conforms a soul to our Lord is devotion to Mary, his Holy Mother, and that the more a soul is consecrated to her the more will it be consecrated to Jesus Christ."''<ref name=Rao246>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NhVg1klF2CUC&pg=PA260&dq=montfort+consecration+internal&hl=en&ei=_ZrUTIu9H8_CswaUxNXdCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=consecration%20mary&f=false Rao, Joseph Jaja, 2005, ''The Mystical Experience and Doctrine of St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort'', Ignatius Press ISBN 978-88-7839-030-0 pp. 246-248]</ref>

Louis de Montfort influenced a number of popes<ref>Nachef, Antoine. 2000 ''Mary's Pope'' Rowman & Littlefield Press ISBN 978-1-58051-077-6 p. 4</ref><ref>Parry, Tim 2007, ''The Legacy of John Paul II'' Intervarsity Press ISBN 978-0-8308-2595-0 p. 109</ref>

* In the 19th century, [[Pope Pius IX]] considered it the best and most acceptable form of Marian devotion, while [[Pope Leo XIII]] granted indulgences for practicing Montfort's method of Marian consecration. Leo beatified Montfort in 1888, selecting for Montfort's beatification the day of his own [[Golden Jubilee]] as a priest.
* In the 20th century Pope [[Pius X]] acknowledged the influence of Montfort's writings in the composition of his encyclical ''[[Ad diem illum]]''.<ref name=Koster>Köster, Heinrich Maria ''die Magt des Herrn'', 1947, 54</ref>
* Pope [[Pius XI]] stated that he had practiced Montfort's devotional methods since his early youth. Pope [[Pius XII]] declared Montfort a saint and stated that Montfort is the guide "who leads you to Mary and from Mary to Jesus".
* Pope [[John Paul II]] once recalled how as a young seminarian he "read and reread many times and with great spiritual profit" a work of de Montfort and that: "Then I understood that I could not exclude the Lord's Mother from my life without neglecting the will of God-Trinity"<ref>[http://www.zeitun-eg.org/jp2.htm "Pope Reveals Mary's Role In His Life", Zenit, October 15, 2000]</ref> According to his [[Apostolic Letter]] ''[[Rosarium Virginis Mariae]]'', the pontiff's personal motto "[[Totus Tuus]]". The thoughts, writings, and example of St. Louis de Montfort were also singled out by Pope John Paul II's encyclical ''[[Redemptoris Mater]]'' as a distinctive witness of Marian spirituality in the Roman Catholic tradition.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25031987_redemptoris-mater_en.html Pope John Paul II, ''Redemptoris Mater'', March 25, 1987, Libreria Editrice Vaticana]</ref>

==Works==
* ''Admirable Secret of the Rosary''
* ''True Devotion to Mary''
* ''The Love of Eternal Wisdom''
* ''True Devotion to Mary.''
* ''Secret of the Rosary''
{{Roman Catholic Mariology}}

==Priest and poet==
While the saint is best known for his spiritual writings, he was also a poet and during his missions managed to compose more than 20,000 verses of hymns.{{sfn|Rao, p. 9}} Montfort’s hymns and canticles were, for the most part, meant to be sung in village churches and in the homes of the poor. Some authors argue that a reading of Saint Louis’s hymns is essential for an understanding of him as a man and for appreciating his approach to spirituality.<ref>Hymns of Saint Louis de Montfort at [[EWTN]] [http://www.ewtn.com/library/Montfort/Handbook/Hymns.htm ''Jesus Living in Mary]</ref>

Based on the analysis of Bishop Hendrik Frehen of the Company of Mary, Montfortian hymns fall into two major categories: "inspired" and "didactic." The inspired canticles flow spontaneously, on the occasion of a pilgrimage to a Marian shrine, or on the occasion of a joyful celebration. The didactic hymns took more effort and time to compose, and focus on instructional and informative qualities: they teach the audience through the use of a moral and a theme. After Montfort's death, the Company of Mary (which continued his work of preaching parish renewals) made great use of his hymns and used them as instruments of evangelization.

He is also said to have carved at least three statues depicting the Madonna and Child.<ref>[https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/m/montfort-statues-by.php "Montfort, Statues by", Marian Library, University of Dayton]</ref>

==Legacy==

=== Congregations de Montfort ===
The congregations Montfort left behind, the [[Company of Mary]], the [[Daughters of Wisdom]], and the [[Brothers of Saint Gabriel]] (which congregation developed from the group of lay-brothers gathered round him), grew and spread, first in France, then throughout the world.<ref>[http://www.montfort.org/content/index2.php?action=article&article=1 Montfortian Religious Family]</ref>

The Servants of the Lord and the Virgin of Matará follow the spirituality of Louis de Montfort.<ref name=matara/>

The saint's birthplace and tomb are now sites of "Montfortian pilgrimages" with about 25,000 visitors each year. The house in which he was born is at No 15, Rue de la Saulnerie in [[Montfort-sur-Meu]]. It is now jointly owned by the three Montfortian congregations he formed. The [[Basilica of Saint Louis de Montfort]] at [[Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre]] attracts a number of pilgrims each year.

==Biographies==
[[File:Statue de saint Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, Basilique Notre Dame de Bonne Nouvelle, Rennes, France.jpg|thumb|Statue of Montfort at the basilica of Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle, [[Rennes]]]]

There are more than a hundred biographies written of Montfort. They differ in how they reflect the ecclesial and cultural milieu within which each was written.

The first four biographies of Montfort, by Grandet, Blain, Besnard, and Picot de Clorivières, were all written in the eighteenth century. They reflect the hagiographical method current then—the devotional biography. Such an approach reflected little of the critical sensibility that had dominated most of the seventeenth century through the works of the Bollandists, the memorialists of Port-Royal, and Jean de Launoy. They sought to edify, praise, eulogize, and idealize. Such early biographies are filled with anachronism, incoherence, and over-generalization. Despite such limitations, Montfort’s early biographers provide valuable material. They have preserved eyewitness accounts and original documents, and they offer a solid historical foundation for reconstructing many of the truths of Montfort’s life.<ref name=defiores>[http://www.ewtn.com/library/Montfort/Handbook/Montfort.htm De Fiores, S., "Various Interpretations Of Montfort's Personality",''Jesus Living in Mary: Handbook of the Spirituality of St. Louis de Montfort'', Montfort Publications, Litchfield, CT, 1994]</ref>

The nineteenth century’s "romanticized" conception of history influenced hagiography in two main ways. 1) Although a biography should relive the outer events of a saint’s past, it was more important to describe the interior drama of his soul. 2) The nineteenth-century biographies of Montfort reflect this historiographic orientation. Two biographies were prepared for the Montfort’s beatification, one by Fonteneau and the other by Persiani. The latter is almost a translation of the former (1887). They limited themselves to recounting the events that took place and did not go into Montfort’s psychology. On the other hand, Pauvert (1875) published a collection of Montfort’s unpublished letters and established a chronology of the first years of his priesthood. A. Crosnier’s biography (1927) was also influenced by nineteenth-century romanticism. Just before Montfort’s canonization appeared De Luca (1943). The author took into account the literary and spiritual milieu of seventeenth-century France and attempted to introduced his readers to Montfort’s spiritual life, pointing out "phases" in Montfort's growth and development.<ref name=defiores/>

Of the different genres of biography that purport to describe the events of someone’s life, the "realistic" biography is much in favor. Such a method is apparent in the four works dedicated by L. Perouas to Grignion de Montfort (1966, 1973, 1989, 1990). The author separated himself from his predecessors by describing Montfort, his life, and his pastoral work using a historical-critical and psycho-sociological approach. Perouas held that the Breton saint’s path was a "tormented journey" because he had difficulty dealing with a strained relationship with his father, who was known for his violent temper. His long and arduous journey toward a balanced life came to a "certain maturation for Father de Montfort when he was in his forties." Generally more acceptable than Perouas’ Freudian psychological interpretation is his understanding of Montfort’s ministry in the context of the sociological and pastoral realities of his times.<ref name=defiores/>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Christianity|Saints|France}}
* [[Brothers of Christian Instruction of St Gabriel]]
* [[Company of Mary]]
* [[Daughters of Wisdom]]
* [[Marie Louise Trichet]]
* [[Saint Louis de Montfort's Prayer to Jesus]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* de Montfort, Louis. ''Preparation for Total Consecration according to the Method of St. Louis de Montfort.'' Bay Shore NY: Montfort Publications, 2001.
* de Montfort, Louis. ''God Alone: The Collected Writings of St. Louis Marie De Montfort'' Montfort Publications, 1995 ISBN 0-910984-55-7
* Doherty, Eddie. ''Wisdom's Fool: A biography of St. Louis de Montfort.'' Bay Shore NY: Montfort Publications, 1993.
* Fiores, Stefano ''Dictionnaire de Spiritualité Montfortaine.'' (1360 pag.)Novalis, 1994
* Raja Rao, Joseph ''The Mystical Experience and Doctrine of St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort'' Loyola Press, 2005, ISBN 978-88-7839-030-0

==Further reading==
* DiNoia, J. Augustine. 1996, ''The love that never ends'' OSV Press ISBN 978-0-87973-852-5

==External links==
*{{CathEncy|wstitle=Missionaries of the Company of Mary}} Founded by de Montfort.
*[http://www.legionofmarytidewater.com/aids.htm Catholic Books] including True Devotion to Mary free online
*[http://www.montfortcentre.org Montfort Center]
*[http://catholicism.org/louis-de-montfort.html "Saint Louis Marie de Montfort"] article at Catholicism.org
*[http://www.ewtn.com/library/Montfort/SECRET.HTM Montfort, ''Secret of Mary'']
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Louis de Montfort}}
* {{Librivox author |id=6196}}

{{History of Catholic theology|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Montfort, Louis De}}
[[Category:1673 births]]
[[Category:1716 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Ille-et-Vilaine]]
[[Category:Brothers of Christian Instruction of St Gabriel]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic writers]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic theologians]]
[[Category:French school of spirituality]]
[[Category:French Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Pope Leo XIII]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Mariology]]
[[Category:18th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Early modern Christian devotional writers]]
[[Category:Breton saints]]

Lucy Filippini

2016-09-06T18:04:56Z

Jordiferrer: Photo

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Moresources|date=October 2014}}

{{Infobox saint
|name= Saint Lucy Filippini
|birth_date=16 January 1672
|death_date=25 March 1732 (aged 60)
|feast_day= 25 March
|venerated_in= [[Roman Catholic Church]]
|image= Lucia filippini.jpg
|imagesize= 200px
|caption=
|birth_place= [[Corneto|Corneto-Tarquinia, Italy]]
|death_place= [[Montefiascone|Montefiascone, Italy]]
|titles= Foundress
|beatified_date= 13 June 1926
|beatified_place=
|beatified_by=
|canonized_date= 22 June 1930
|canonized_place=
|canonized_by= [[Pope Pius XI]]
|major_shrine= [[Montefiascone Cathedral]]}}

'''Lucy Filippini''' ({{lang-it|Santa Lucia Filippini}}) (13 January 1672 – 25 March 1732) is venerated as a [[Roman Catholic]] [[saint]].

==Life==
Lucy Filippini was born on 13 January 1672 in Corneto-Tarquinia and [[orphaned]] at an early age. At the age of six, she went to live with her aristocratic aunt and uncle who encouraged her religious inclination by entrusting her education to the Benedictine nuns at Santa Lucia.<ref name=not>[http://www.stnicksphila.com/St_Lucy_Filippini.html "The Life of St. Lucy Filippini", St. Nicholas of Tolentine, Philadelphia]</ref>

Her career began under the patronage of Cardinal [[:it:Marcantonio Barbarigo|Marcantonio Barbarigo]], who entrusted her with the work of founding schools for young women, especially the poor.<ref name=not/> With [[Rose Venerini]] to train school teachers, she co-founded the Pious Teachers, a group dedicated to the education of girls. The young ladies of Montefuscione were taught domestic arts, weaving, embroidering, reading, and Christian doctrine. Twelve years later the Cardinal devised a set of rules to guide Lucy and her followers in the religious life. Fifty-two schools were established during Lucy's lifetime. Pope [[Clement XI]], in 1707, called Lucy to Rome to start schools which he placed under his special protection.<ref>[http://www.filippiniusa.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=feature.display&feature_id=10 Profile of Saint Lucy Filippini], filippiniusa.org; accessed 31 October 2014.</ref> She died of breast cancer in 1732, aged 60, at [[Montefiascone]].

==Veneration==
[[File:2016 - Statues in Saint Peter's Basilica 01.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lucy Filippini in the south nave of [[St. Peter's Basilica]].]]
Lucy Filippini was canonized 22 June 1930. Her statue can be seen in the south nave of [[St. Peter's Basilica]].<ref name=not/>

==See also==
* [[Religious Teachers Filippini]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4343 Profile], catholic.org; accessed 31 October 2014.
*[http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Statues/Founders/LuciaFilippini/Lucy%20Filippini.htm Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Filippini, Lucy}}
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:1672 births]]
[[Category:1732 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Incorrupt saints]]
[[Category:Deaths from breast cancer]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in Italy]]
[[Category:Christian female saints of the Early Modern era]]

{{Italy-saint-stub}}

Alain Ducasse

2016-08-25T14:39:03Z

Jordiferrer: /* Restaurants and operations */

{{BLP sources|date=August 2008}}
{{Infobox chef 
| image = Alain Ducasse.jpg
| name = Alain Ducasse
| caption = Alain at Identità Golose Conference 2010
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|9|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Orthez]], France
| death_date =
| death_place =
| style =[[French Cuisine]]
| education =
| ratings = [[Michelin star]]s {{Rating|3|3}}
| restaurants = [[Plaza Athénée]] in Paris [[Jules Verne]] Restaurant located in the [[Eiffel Tower]] [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester]] Mix in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]]
| prevrests = Essex House, New York City
| television =
| awards =
| website = http://www.alain-ducasse.com/
}}
'''Alain Ducasse''' ({{IPA-fr|alɛ̃ dykas|lang}}; born 13 September 1956) is a [[Monaco|Monégasque]] [[chef]]. He formerly held French nationality. He operates a number of restaurants including [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester|Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester]] which holds three stars (the top ranking) in the [[Michelin Guide]].

==Early life and career==
Ducasse was born in [[Orthez]], but educated on a farm in [[Castel-Sarrazin]] in southwestern France. In 1972, when he was sixteen, Ducasse began an [[apprenticeship]] at the Pavillon Landais restaurant in [[Cantons of the Landes department|Soustons]] and at the [[Bordeaux]] hotel school. After this apprenticeship, he began work at [[Michel Guérard]]’s restaurant in [[Communes of the Landes department|Eugénie-les-Bains]] while also working for [[Gaston Lenôtre]] during the summer months. In 1977, Ducasse started working as an assistant at [[Moulin de Mougins]] under legendary chef [[Roger Vergé]], creator of [[Cuisine du Soleil]], and learned the [[Provence#Cuisine|Provençal]] cooking methods for which he was later known. He currently holds 21 [[Michelin Guide|Michelin]] stars.

Ducasse's first position as chef came in 1980 when he took over the kitchens at L’amandier in [[Mougins]]. One year later, he assumed the position of head chef at La Terrasse in the [[Hôtel Juana]] in [[Juan-les-Pins]]. In 1984, he was awarded two stars in the Michelin [[Michelin Guide|Red Guide]]. In the same year Ducasse was the only survivor of a Piper Aztec aircraft crash that injured him severely.<ref>[http://nymag.com/news/features/42588/index4.html New York Magazine article on Ducasse]</ref>

==Career as chef==
[[File:Alain Ducasse2010.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Alain Ducasse (center) at the Congresso italiano di cucina d'autore with [[Massimo Bottura]] (left)]]
In 1986, Ducasse was offered the Chef position at the [[Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo|Hôtel de Paris]] in [[Monte Carlo]], with management including the hotel's Le Louis XV. After assuring himself that the Hotel's other restaurant operations were operating well, Ducasse continued to run management.

In 1988, Ducasse expanded beyond the restaurant industry and opened La Bastide de Moustiers, a twelve-bedroom [[country inn]] in [[Provence]] [http://www.bastide-moustiers.com/] and he began attaining financial interests in other Provence hotels. On 12 August 1996, the Alain Ducasse restaurant opened in Le Parc – Sofitel Demeure Hôtels in the [[16th arrondissement of Paris]]. The Red Guide awarded the restaurant three stars just eight months after opening.

Ducasse came to the United States and in June 2000 opened the Alain Ducasse restaurant in New York City's [[Jumeirah Essex House|Essex House]] hotel at 160 Central Park South, receiving the Red Guide's three stars in December 2005, in the first Red Guide for NYC. That restaurant closed in 2007 when Ducasse chose to open a restaurant in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] named Mix, which later went on to earn one star in the [[Michelin]] Red Guide. In early 2008, Ducasse opened Adour, at the St. Regis Hotel on 16th and K Street in Washington, DC, and has also opened a more casual Bistro Benoit New York, at 60 West 55th Street.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/dining/05inte.html |title = Here Come the Chefs |work=New York Times |accessdate = 2008-08-13 |date = 2007-09-05 |author=Fabricant, Florence}}</ref>

==Recognition==
Ducasse became the first chef to own restaurants carrying three [[Michelin guide|Michelin Stars]] in three cities. The New York restaurant was dropped from the 2007 Michelin Guide because the restaurant was scheduled to close. Ducasse has become known through his writing and influences.
Ducasse is also only one of two chefs to hold 21 Michelin stars throughout his career.<ref>{{cite episode |title = Top 4 Compete |episodelink = MasterChef (U.S. season 3) |url =http://www.fox.com/masterchef/full-episodes/34075696/top-4-compete |series = MasterChef |serieslink = MasterChef (U.S.) |credits = Hosts: [[Gordon Ramsay]], [[Joe Bastianich]], [[Graham Elliot]] |network = Fox Network |airdate = 28 August 2012 |season = 3 |number = 18 |minutes = 80}}</ref>

He has been special guest in the US and Italian versions of [[MasterChef]]. In 2013 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement on [[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]] List.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/alain-ducasse-50-best-restaurants-lifetime-achievement/
|title=50 Best Lifetime Achievement Award: a Tribute to Alain Ducasse | work=Fine Dining Lovers |date=2013-04-15}}</ref>

==Nationality==
Ducasse was a [[French nationality law|French citizen]] by birth. However, on 17 June 2008, he became a naturalized citizen of [[Monaco]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=20 June 2008|title=Ordonnance Souveraine n° 1.679 du 17 juin 2008 portant naturalisation monégasque |journal=Journal de Monaco |issue=7865 |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Dataweb/jourmon.nsf/966e69337756d51ac12568c40037f872/5f537ce85cc906ebc125746e00315bc8!OpenDocument&Highlight=2,ducasse |language=French |accessdate=2010-02-25}}</ref> He chose Monegasque citizenship in order to take advantage of the principality's tax rates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Le chef Alain Ducasse devient monégasque et perd la nationalité française |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jAVXtdwtN1W5CZNfbmULXVJLEVMg |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |location=[[Monaco]] |date=23 June 2008 |accessdate=2010-02-25 |language=French |trans_title=The chef Alain Ducasse becomes Monegasque and loses French nationality}}</ref>

==Restaurants and operations==
[[File:2016 Hotel de Paris - Monaco 03 Restaurant Louis XV.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Louis XV, Monaco]]
[[File:Le Jules Verne.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Le Jules Verne, Eiffel Tower, Paris, France]]
[[File:Le Meurice10.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Le Meurice, Paris, France]]
[[File:Paris 75008 Avenue Montaigne 21 Relais Plaza 20130810.jpg|thumb|Restaurant le Relais Plaza, Paris, France]]
[[File:Spoon Byblos.jpg|thumb|Rivea, Saint-Tropez, France]]
[[File:Table Lumière.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester, England]]
Alain Ducasse's restaurants, cooking schools, cookbooks, and consulting activities had revenues of $15.9 million in 2002.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html
|accessdate=2008-08-13
|title=Cooking Up a Global Empire, Alain Ducasse finds a way to make haute cuisine profitable
|work=Business Week
|date=2003-05-19
|first=Christina
|last=Passariello
}} {{wayback|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html |date=20090108200023 |df=y }}</ref> Since that time, Ducasse has been expanding his reach. Alain Ducasse has also opened a cooking school for the general public in Paris and another for chefs (ADF), which also works for the [[European Space Agency]] to develop [[astronaut]] meals to be taken into space.<ref>[http://www.olivierpascaud.com/ducasse/ Ducasse's delicacies for the international space station]</ref> Ducasse has also authored numerous books, with the most famous being Alain Ducasse Culinary Encyclopedia.

In 2005, Ducasse opened his first Asian restaurant in [[Tokyo, Japan]]. Ducasse's restaurants include:
* 59 Poincaré (Paris, France)
* Adour (New York, USA) - Closed 17 November 2012<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://finedininglovers.com/blog/news-trends/ducasse-closing-adour-new-york/
|title=Ducasse To Close New York Restaurant
| work=Fine Dining Lovers
|date=2012-10-18
}}</ref>
* Restaurant Le Meurice, Alain Ducasse (Paris, France)
* Alain Ducasse au Plaza Athenee (Paris, France)
* [http://www.thedorchester.com/restaurants_bars/AlainDucasse.html Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester] (London)
* [http://www.auxlyonnais.com/ Aux Lyonnais] (Paris, France)
* Allard (Paris, France)
* La Trattoria (Monaco)
* Be (BoulangEpicerie)
* Beige (Tokyo, Japan)
* [http://www.benoit-paris.com/ Benoit] (Paris, France) - bistro
* Benoit (Tokyo, Japan) - bistro
* [http://www.benoitny.com/ Benoit] (New York, USA) - bistro
* [http://www.esprit-bistrot.com/ Esprit] - bistro
* Idam, Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar gastronomy restaurant
* La Cour Jardin (Paris, France)
* Mix (Las Vegas, USA)
* La Terrasse du Parc
* Le Grill<ref>http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-grill</ref>
* [http://www.restaurant-rech.fr/ Le Rech]
* [http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-jules-verne/ Le Jules Verne] (Eiffel Tower, Paris, France)
* [[Le Louis XV (restaurant)|Le Louis XV]] (Monaco)
* Le Relais du Parc (Paris, France)
* Le Relais Plaza, Hotel Plaza Athénée (Paris, France)
* La Bastide de Moustier (Moustier Ste Marie, France)
* MIA cafe, at Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar
* Tamaris (Beirut, Lebanon)
* Rivea (Saint-Tropez)
* Rivea (London) Bulgari Hotel
* Spoon (Beirut, Carthago, Gstaadt, Mauritius, Hong-Kong)
* [http://www.andana.it/it/l-andana Trattoria Toscana ''L'Andana''] (Castiglione della Pescaia, Grosseto, Italy)

In 2004 Alain Ducasse opened a restaurant in a resort near [[Biarritz]], in the French Basque Country. However, after several bombing attacks by [[Irrintzi]], an armed [[Basque nationalist]] organization, which accused him of being a speculator and of "folkloring" the Basque Country, Ducasse decided to leave the Basque Country.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/spain/article/0,,2016267,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Bombs force French chef out of Basque area | first=Angelique | last=Chrisafis | date=2007-02-19 | accessdate=2010-04-23}}</ref>

In 2010 Ducasse opened a miX restaurant at the W Hotel in Vieques, Puerto Rico,<ref>http://www.viajesyvinos.com/Viajes_vinos_vendimia2009_files_files.htm]</ref>but he closed it in 2012. <ref>[http://www.eater.com/2012/8/27/6551355/alain-ducasse-shutters-mix-at-w-hotel-in-puerto-rico Alain Ducasse Shutters miX at W Hotel in Puerto Rico], Aug 27, 2012</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Michelin three starred restaurants]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ducasse, Alain}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Orthez]]
[[Category:French chefs]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:French emigrants to Monaco]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Monaco]]
[[Category:People from Landes (department)]]
[[Category:Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants]]
[[Category:Monegasque people of French descent]]

Alain Ducasse

2016-08-25T14:29:05Z

Jordiferrer: /* Restaurants and operations */

{{BLP sources|date=August 2008}}
{{Infobox chef 
| image = Alain Ducasse.jpg
| name = Alain Ducasse
| caption = Alain at Identità Golose Conference 2010
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|9|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Orthez]], France
| death_date =
| death_place =
| style =[[French Cuisine]]
| education =
| ratings = [[Michelin star]]s {{Rating|3|3}}
| restaurants = [[Plaza Athénée]] in Paris [[Jules Verne]] Restaurant located in the [[Eiffel Tower]] [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester]] Mix in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]]
| prevrests = Essex House, New York City
| television =
| awards =
| website = http://www.alain-ducasse.com/
}}
'''Alain Ducasse''' ({{IPA-fr|alɛ̃ dykas|lang}}; born 13 September 1956) is a [[Monaco|Monégasque]] [[chef]]. He formerly held French nationality. He operates a number of restaurants including [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester|Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester]] which holds three stars (the top ranking) in the [[Michelin Guide]].

==Early life and career==
Ducasse was born in [[Orthez]], but educated on a farm in [[Castel-Sarrazin]] in southwestern France. In 1972, when he was sixteen, Ducasse began an [[apprenticeship]] at the Pavillon Landais restaurant in [[Cantons of the Landes department|Soustons]] and at the [[Bordeaux]] hotel school. After this apprenticeship, he began work at [[Michel Guérard]]’s restaurant in [[Communes of the Landes department|Eugénie-les-Bains]] while also working for [[Gaston Lenôtre]] during the summer months. In 1977, Ducasse started working as an assistant at [[Moulin de Mougins]] under legendary chef [[Roger Vergé]], creator of [[Cuisine du Soleil]], and learned the [[Provence#Cuisine|Provençal]] cooking methods for which he was later known. He currently holds 21 [[Michelin Guide|Michelin]] stars.

Ducasse's first position as chef came in 1980 when he took over the kitchens at L’amandier in [[Mougins]]. One year later, he assumed the position of head chef at La Terrasse in the [[Hôtel Juana]] in [[Juan-les-Pins]]. In 1984, he was awarded two stars in the Michelin [[Michelin Guide|Red Guide]]. In the same year Ducasse was the only survivor of a Piper Aztec aircraft crash that injured him severely.<ref>[http://nymag.com/news/features/42588/index4.html New York Magazine article on Ducasse]</ref>

==Career as chef==
[[File:Alain Ducasse2010.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Alain Ducasse (center) at the Congresso italiano di cucina d'autore with [[Massimo Bottura]] (left)]]
In 1986, Ducasse was offered the Chef position at the [[Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo|Hôtel de Paris]] in [[Monte Carlo]], with management including the hotel's Le Louis XV. After assuring himself that the Hotel's other restaurant operations were operating well, Ducasse continued to run management.

In 1988, Ducasse expanded beyond the restaurant industry and opened La Bastide de Moustiers, a twelve-bedroom [[country inn]] in [[Provence]] [http://www.bastide-moustiers.com/] and he began attaining financial interests in other Provence hotels. On 12 August 1996, the Alain Ducasse restaurant opened in Le Parc – Sofitel Demeure Hôtels in the [[16th arrondissement of Paris]]. The Red Guide awarded the restaurant three stars just eight months after opening.

Ducasse came to the United States and in June 2000 opened the Alain Ducasse restaurant in New York City's [[Jumeirah Essex House|Essex House]] hotel at 160 Central Park South, receiving the Red Guide's three stars in December 2005, in the first Red Guide for NYC. That restaurant closed in 2007 when Ducasse chose to open a restaurant in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] named Mix, which later went on to earn one star in the [[Michelin]] Red Guide. In early 2008, Ducasse opened Adour, at the St. Regis Hotel on 16th and K Street in Washington, DC, and has also opened a more casual Bistro Benoit New York, at 60 West 55th Street.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/dining/05inte.html |title = Here Come the Chefs |work=New York Times |accessdate = 2008-08-13 |date = 2007-09-05 |author=Fabricant, Florence}}</ref>

==Recognition==
Ducasse became the first chef to own restaurants carrying three [[Michelin guide|Michelin Stars]] in three cities. The New York restaurant was dropped from the 2007 Michelin Guide because the restaurant was scheduled to close. Ducasse has become known through his writing and influences.
Ducasse is also only one of two chefs to hold 21 Michelin stars throughout his career.<ref>{{cite episode |title = Top 4 Compete |episodelink = MasterChef (U.S. season 3) |url =http://www.fox.com/masterchef/full-episodes/34075696/top-4-compete |series = MasterChef |serieslink = MasterChef (U.S.) |credits = Hosts: [[Gordon Ramsay]], [[Joe Bastianich]], [[Graham Elliot]] |network = Fox Network |airdate = 28 August 2012 |season = 3 |number = 18 |minutes = 80}}</ref>

He has been special guest in the US and Italian versions of [[MasterChef]]. In 2013 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement on [[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]] List.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/alain-ducasse-50-best-restaurants-lifetime-achievement/
|title=50 Best Lifetime Achievement Award: a Tribute to Alain Ducasse | work=Fine Dining Lovers |date=2013-04-15}}</ref>

==Nationality==
Ducasse was a [[French nationality law|French citizen]] by birth. However, on 17 June 2008, he became a naturalized citizen of [[Monaco]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=20 June 2008|title=Ordonnance Souveraine n° 1.679 du 17 juin 2008 portant naturalisation monégasque |journal=Journal de Monaco |issue=7865 |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Dataweb/jourmon.nsf/966e69337756d51ac12568c40037f872/5f537ce85cc906ebc125746e00315bc8!OpenDocument&Highlight=2,ducasse |language=French |accessdate=2010-02-25}}</ref> He chose Monegasque citizenship in order to take advantage of the principality's tax rates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Le chef Alain Ducasse devient monégasque et perd la nationalité française |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jAVXtdwtN1W5CZNfbmULXVJLEVMg |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |location=[[Monaco]] |date=23 June 2008 |accessdate=2010-02-25 |language=French |trans_title=The chef Alain Ducasse becomes Monegasque and loses French nationality}}</ref>

==Restaurants and operations==
[[File:2016 Hotel de Paris - Monaco 03 Restaurant Louis XV.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Louis XV, Monaco]]
[[File:Le Jules Verne.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Le Jules Verne, Eiffel Tower, Paris, France]]
[[File:Le Meurice10.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Le Meurice, Paris, France]]
[[File:Paris 75008 Avenue Montaigne 21 Relais Plaza 20130810.jpg|thumb|Restaurant le Relais Plaza, Paris, France]]
[[File:Spoon Byblos.jpg|thumb|Rivea, Saint-Tropez, France]]
[[File:Table Lumière.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester, England]]
Alain Ducasse's restaurants, cooking schools, cookbooks, and consulting activities had revenues of $15.9 million in 2002.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html
|accessdate=2008-08-13
|title=Cooking Up a Global Empire, Alain Ducasse finds a way to make haute cuisine profitable
|work=Business Week
|date=2003-05-19
|first=Christina
|last=Passariello
}} {{wayback|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html |date=20090108200023 |df=y }}</ref> Since that time, Ducasse has been expanding his reach. Alain Ducasse has also opened a cooking school for the general public in Paris and another for chefs (ADF), which also works for the [[European Space Agency]] to develop [[astronaut]] meals to be taken into space.<ref>[http://www.olivierpascaud.com/ducasse/ Ducasse's delicacies for the international space station]</ref> Ducasse has also authored numerous books, with the most famous being Alain Ducasse Culinary Encyclopedia.

In 2005, Ducasse opened his first Asian restaurant in [[Tokyo, Japan]]. Ducasse's restaurants include:
* 59 Poincaré (Paris, France)
* Adour (New York, USA) - Closed 17 November 2012<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://finedininglovers.com/blog/news-trends/ducasse-closing-adour-new-york/
|title=Ducasse To Close New York Restaurant
| work=Fine Dining Lovers
|date=2012-10-18
}}</ref>
* Restaurant Le Meurice, Alain Ducasse (Paris, France)
* Alain Ducasse au Plaza Athenee (Paris, France)
* [http://www.thedorchester.com/restaurants_bars/AlainDucasse.html Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester] (London)
* [http://www.auxlyonnais.com/ Aux Lyonnais] (Paris, France)
* Allard (Paris, France)
* La Trattoria (Monaco)
* Be (BoulangEpicerie)
* Beige (Tokyo, Japan)
* [http://www.benoit-paris.com/ Benoit] (Paris, France) - bistro
* Benoit (Tokyo, Japan) - bistro
* [http://www.benoitny.com/ Benoit] (New York, USA) - bistro
* [http://www.esprit-bistrot.com/ Esprit] - bistro
* Idam, Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar gastronomy restaurant
* La Cour Jardin (Paris, France)
* Mix (Las Vegas, USA)
* La Terrasse du Parc
* Le Grill<ref>http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-grill</ref>
* [http://www.restaurant-rech.fr/ Le Rech]
* [http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-jules-verne/ Le Jules Verne] (Eiffel Tower, Paris, France)
* [[Le Louis XV (restaurant)|Le Louis XV]] (Monaco)
* Le Relais du Parc (Paris, France)
* Le Relais Plaza, Hotel Plaza Athénée (Paris, France)
* La Bastide de Moustier (Moustier Ste Marie, France)
* MIA cafe, at Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar
* Tamaris (Beirut, Lebanon)
* Rivea (Saint-Tropez)
* Rivea (London) Bulgari Hotel
* Spoon (Beirut, Carthago, Gstaadt, Mauritius, Hong-Kong)
* [http://www.andana.it/it/l-andana Trattoria Toscana ''L'Andana''] (Castiglione della Pescaia, Grosseto, Italy)
* [http://www.viajesyvinos.com/Viajes_vinos_vendimia2009_files_files.htm Alain Ducasse opens new Caribbean project in 2010]

In 2004 Alain Ducasse opened a restaurant in a resort near [[Biarritz]], in the French Basque Country. However, after several bombing attacks by [[Irrintzi]], an armed [[Basque nationalist]] organization, which accused him of being a speculator and of "folkloring" the Basque Country, Ducasse decided to leave the Basque Country.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/spain/article/0,,2016267,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Bombs force French chef out of Basque area | first=Angelique | last=Chrisafis | date=2007-02-19 | accessdate=2010-04-23}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Michelin three starred restaurants]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ducasse, Alain}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Orthez]]
[[Category:French chefs]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:French emigrants to Monaco]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Monaco]]
[[Category:People from Landes (department)]]
[[Category:Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants]]
[[Category:Monegasque people of French descent]]

Alain Ducasse

2016-08-25T14:21:42Z

Jordiferrer: photo

{{BLP sources|date=August 2008}}
{{Infobox chef 
| image = Alain Ducasse.jpg
| name = Alain Ducasse
| caption = Alain at Identità Golose Conference 2010
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|9|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Orthez]], France
| death_date =
| death_place =
| style =[[French Cuisine]]
| education =
| ratings = [[Michelin star]]s {{Rating|3|3}}
| restaurants = [[Plaza Athénée]] in Paris [[Jules Verne]] Restaurant located in the [[Eiffel Tower]] [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester]] Mix in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]]
| prevrests = Essex House, New York City
| television =
| awards =
| website = http://www.alain-ducasse.com/
}}
'''Alain Ducasse''' ({{IPA-fr|alɛ̃ dykas|lang}}; born 13 September 1956) is a [[Monaco|Monégasque]] [[chef]]. He formerly held French nationality. He operates a number of restaurants including [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester|Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester]] which holds three stars (the top ranking) in the [[Michelin Guide]].

==Early life and career==
Ducasse was born in [[Orthez]], but educated on a farm in [[Castel-Sarrazin]] in southwestern France. In 1972, when he was sixteen, Ducasse began an [[apprenticeship]] at the Pavillon Landais restaurant in [[Cantons of the Landes department|Soustons]] and at the [[Bordeaux]] hotel school. After this apprenticeship, he began work at [[Michel Guérard]]’s restaurant in [[Communes of the Landes department|Eugénie-les-Bains]] while also working for [[Gaston Lenôtre]] during the summer months. In 1977, Ducasse started working as an assistant at [[Moulin de Mougins]] under legendary chef [[Roger Vergé]], creator of [[Cuisine du Soleil]], and learned the [[Provence#Cuisine|Provençal]] cooking methods for which he was later known. He currently holds 21 [[Michelin Guide|Michelin]] stars.

Ducasse's first position as chef came in 1980 when he took over the kitchens at L’amandier in [[Mougins]]. One year later, he assumed the position of head chef at La Terrasse in the [[Hôtel Juana]] in [[Juan-les-Pins]]. In 1984, he was awarded two stars in the Michelin [[Michelin Guide|Red Guide]]. In the same year Ducasse was the only survivor of a Piper Aztec aircraft crash that injured him severely.<ref>[http://nymag.com/news/features/42588/index4.html New York Magazine article on Ducasse]</ref>

==Career as chef==
[[File:Alain Ducasse2010.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Alain Ducasse (center) at the Congresso italiano di cucina d'autore with [[Massimo Bottura]] (left)]]
In 1986, Ducasse was offered the Chef position at the [[Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo|Hôtel de Paris]] in [[Monte Carlo]], with management including the hotel's Le Louis XV. After assuring himself that the Hotel's other restaurant operations were operating well, Ducasse continued to run management.

In 1988, Ducasse expanded beyond the restaurant industry and opened La Bastide de Moustiers, a twelve-bedroom [[country inn]] in [[Provence]] [http://www.bastide-moustiers.com/] and he began attaining financial interests in other Provence hotels. On 12 August 1996, the Alain Ducasse restaurant opened in Le Parc – Sofitel Demeure Hôtels in the [[16th arrondissement of Paris]]. The Red Guide awarded the restaurant three stars just eight months after opening.

Ducasse came to the United States and in June 2000 opened the Alain Ducasse restaurant in New York City's [[Jumeirah Essex House|Essex House]] hotel at 160 Central Park South, receiving the Red Guide's three stars in December 2005, in the first Red Guide for NYC. That restaurant closed in 2007 when Ducasse chose to open a restaurant in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] named Mix, which later went on to earn one star in the [[Michelin]] Red Guide. In early 2008, Ducasse opened Adour, at the St. Regis Hotel on 16th and K Street in Washington, DC, and has also opened a more casual Bistro Benoit New York, at 60 West 55th Street.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/dining/05inte.html |title = Here Come the Chefs |work=New York Times |accessdate = 2008-08-13 |date = 2007-09-05 |author=Fabricant, Florence}}</ref>

==Recognition==
Ducasse became the first chef to own restaurants carrying three [[Michelin guide|Michelin Stars]] in three cities. The New York restaurant was dropped from the 2007 Michelin Guide because the restaurant was scheduled to close. Ducasse has become known through his writing and influences.
Ducasse is also only one of two chefs to hold 21 Michelin stars throughout his career.<ref>{{cite episode |title = Top 4 Compete |episodelink = MasterChef (U.S. season 3) |url =http://www.fox.com/masterchef/full-episodes/34075696/top-4-compete |series = MasterChef |serieslink = MasterChef (U.S.) |credits = Hosts: [[Gordon Ramsay]], [[Joe Bastianich]], [[Graham Elliot]] |network = Fox Network |airdate = 28 August 2012 |season = 3 |number = 18 |minutes = 80}}</ref>

He has been special guest in the US and Italian versions of [[MasterChef]]. In 2013 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement on [[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]] List.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/alain-ducasse-50-best-restaurants-lifetime-achievement/
|title=50 Best Lifetime Achievement Award: a Tribute to Alain Ducasse | work=Fine Dining Lovers |date=2013-04-15}}</ref>

==Nationality==
Ducasse was a [[French nationality law|French citizen]] by birth. However, on 17 June 2008, he became a naturalized citizen of [[Monaco]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=20 June 2008|title=Ordonnance Souveraine n° 1.679 du 17 juin 2008 portant naturalisation monégasque |journal=Journal de Monaco |issue=7865 |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Dataweb/jourmon.nsf/966e69337756d51ac12568c40037f872/5f537ce85cc906ebc125746e00315bc8!OpenDocument&Highlight=2,ducasse |language=French |accessdate=2010-02-25}}</ref> He chose Monegasque citizenship in order to take advantage of the principality's tax rates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Le chef Alain Ducasse devient monégasque et perd la nationalité française |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jAVXtdwtN1W5CZNfbmULXVJLEVMg |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |location=[[Monaco]] |date=23 June 2008 |accessdate=2010-02-25 |language=French |trans_title=The chef Alain Ducasse becomes Monegasque and loses French nationality}}</ref>

==Restaurants and operations==
[[File:2016 Hotel de Paris - Monaco 03 Restaurant Louis XV.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Louis XV, Monaco]]
[[File:Le Jules Verne.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Le Jules Verne, Eiffel Tower, Paris, France]]
[[File:Le Meurice10.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Le Meurice, Paris, France]]
[[File:Paris 75008 Avenue Montaigne 21 Relais Plaza 20130810.jpg|thumb|Restaurant le Relais Plaza, Paris, France]]
[[File:Table Lumière.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester, England]]
Alain Ducasse's restaurants, cooking schools, cookbooks, and consulting activities had revenues of $15.9 million in 2002.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html
|accessdate=2008-08-13
|title=Cooking Up a Global Empire, Alain Ducasse finds a way to make haute cuisine profitable
|work=Business Week
|date=2003-05-19
|first=Christina
|last=Passariello
}} {{wayback|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html |date=20090108200023 |df=y }}</ref> Since that time, Ducasse has been expanding his reach. Alain Ducasse has also opened a cooking school for the general public in Paris and another for chefs (ADF), which also works for the [[European Space Agency]] to develop [[astronaut]] meals to be taken into space.<ref>[http://www.olivierpascaud.com/ducasse/ Ducasse's delicacies for the international space station]</ref> Ducasse has also authored numerous books, with the most famous being Alain Ducasse Culinary Encyclopedia.

In 2005, Ducasse opened his first Asian restaurant in [[Tokyo, Japan]]. Ducasse's restaurants include:
* 59 Poincaré (Paris, France)
* Adour (New York, USA) - Closed 17 November 2012<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://finedininglovers.com/blog/news-trends/ducasse-closing-adour-new-york/
|title=Ducasse To Close New York Restaurant
| work=Fine Dining Lovers
|date=2012-10-18
}}</ref>
* Restaurant Le Meurice, Alain Ducasse (Paris, France)
* Alain Ducasse au Plaza Athenee (Paris, France)
* Le Relais Plaza, Hotel Plaza Athénée (Paris, France)
* [http://www.thedorchester.com/restaurants_bars/AlainDucasse.html Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester] (London)
* [http://www.auxlyonnais.com/ Aux Lyonnais] (Paris, France)
* Allard (Paris, France)
* La Trattoria (Monaco)
* Be (BoulangEpicerie)
* Beige (Tokyo, Japan)
* [http://www.benoit-paris.com/ Benoit] (Paris, France) - bistro
* Benoit (Tokyo, Japan) - bistro
* [http://www.benoitny.com/ Benoit] (New York, USA) - bistro
* [http://www.esprit-bistrot.com/ Esprit] - bistro
* Idam, Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar gastronomy restaurant
* La Cour Jardin (Paris, France)
* Mix (Las Vegas, USA)
* La Terrasse du Parc
* Le Grill<ref>http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-grill</ref>
* [http://www.restaurant-rech.fr/ Le Rech]
* [http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-jules-verne/ Le Jules Verne] (Eiffel Tower, Paris, France)
* [[Le Louis XV (restaurant)|Le Louis XV]] (Monaco)
* Le Relais du Parc (Paris, France)
* Le Relais Palza (Paris, France)
* La Bastide de Moustier (Moustier Ste Marie, France)
* MIA cafe, at Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar
* Tamaris (Beirut, Lebanon)
* Rivea (Saint-Tropez)
* Rivea (London) Bulgari Hotel
* Spoon (Beirut, Carthago, Gstaadt, Mauritius, Hong-Kong)
* [http://www.andana.it/it/l-andana Trattoria Toscana ''L'Andana''] (Castiglione della Pescaia, Grosseto, Italy)
* [http://www.viajesyvinos.com/Viajes_vinos_vendimia2009_files_files.htm Alain Ducasse opens new Caribbean project in 2010]

In 2004 Alain Ducasse opened a restaurant in a resort near [[Biarritz]], in the French Basque Country. However, after several bombing attacks by [[Irrintzi]], an armed [[Basque nationalist]] organization, which accused him of being a speculator and of "folkloring" the Basque Country, Ducasse decided to leave the Basque Country.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/spain/article/0,,2016267,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Bombs force French chef out of Basque area | first=Angelique | last=Chrisafis | date=2007-02-19 | accessdate=2010-04-23}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Michelin three starred restaurants]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ducasse, Alain}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Orthez]]
[[Category:French chefs]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:French emigrants to Monaco]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Monaco]]
[[Category:People from Landes (department)]]
[[Category:Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants]]
[[Category:Monegasque people of French descent]]

Alain Ducasse

2016-08-25T14:09:06Z

Jordiferrer: /* Restaurants and operations */

{{BLP sources|date=August 2008}}
{{Infobox chef 
| image = Alain Ducasse.jpg
| name = Alain Ducasse
| caption = Alain at Identità Golose Conference 2010
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|9|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Orthez]], France
| death_date =
| death_place =
| style =[[French Cuisine]]
| education =
| ratings = [[Michelin star]]s {{Rating|3|3}}
| restaurants = [[Plaza Athénée]] in Paris [[Jules Verne]] Restaurant located in the [[Eiffel Tower]] [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester]] Mix in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]]
| prevrests = Essex House, New York City
| television =
| awards =
| website = http://www.alain-ducasse.com/
}}
'''Alain Ducasse''' ({{IPA-fr|alɛ̃ dykas|lang}}; born 13 September 1956) is a [[Monaco|Monégasque]] [[chef]]. He formerly held French nationality. He operates a number of restaurants including [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester|Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester]] which holds three stars (the top ranking) in the [[Michelin Guide]].

==Early life and career==
Ducasse was born in [[Orthez]], but educated on a farm in [[Castel-Sarrazin]] in southwestern France. In 1972, when he was sixteen, Ducasse began an [[apprenticeship]] at the Pavillon Landais restaurant in [[Cantons of the Landes department|Soustons]] and at the [[Bordeaux]] hotel school. After this apprenticeship, he began work at [[Michel Guérard]]’s restaurant in [[Communes of the Landes department|Eugénie-les-Bains]] while also working for [[Gaston Lenôtre]] during the summer months. In 1977, Ducasse started working as an assistant at [[Moulin de Mougins]] under legendary chef [[Roger Vergé]], creator of [[Cuisine du Soleil]], and learned the [[Provence#Cuisine|Provençal]] cooking methods for which he was later known. He currently holds 21 [[Michelin Guide|Michelin]] stars.

Ducasse's first position as chef came in 1980 when he took over the kitchens at L’amandier in [[Mougins]]. One year later, he assumed the position of head chef at La Terrasse in the [[Hôtel Juana]] in [[Juan-les-Pins]]. In 1984, he was awarded two stars in the Michelin [[Michelin Guide|Red Guide]]. In the same year Ducasse was the only survivor of a Piper Aztec aircraft crash that injured him severely.<ref>[http://nymag.com/news/features/42588/index4.html New York Magazine article on Ducasse]</ref>

==Career as chef==
[[File:Alain Ducasse2010.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Alain Ducasse (center) at the Congresso italiano di cucina d'autore with [[Massimo Bottura]] (left)]]
In 1986, Ducasse was offered the Chef position at the [[Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo|Hôtel de Paris]] in [[Monte Carlo]], with management including the hotel's Le Louis XV. After assuring himself that the Hotel's other restaurant operations were operating well, Ducasse continued to run management.

In 1988, Ducasse expanded beyond the restaurant industry and opened La Bastide de Moustiers, a twelve-bedroom [[country inn]] in [[Provence]] [http://www.bastide-moustiers.com/] and he began attaining financial interests in other Provence hotels. On 12 August 1996, the Alain Ducasse restaurant opened in Le Parc – Sofitel Demeure Hôtels in the [[16th arrondissement of Paris]]. The Red Guide awarded the restaurant three stars just eight months after opening.

Ducasse came to the United States and in June 2000 opened the Alain Ducasse restaurant in New York City's [[Jumeirah Essex House|Essex House]] hotel at 160 Central Park South, receiving the Red Guide's three stars in December 2005, in the first Red Guide for NYC. That restaurant closed in 2007 when Ducasse chose to open a restaurant in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] named Mix, which later went on to earn one star in the [[Michelin]] Red Guide. In early 2008, Ducasse opened Adour, at the St. Regis Hotel on 16th and K Street in Washington, DC, and has also opened a more casual Bistro Benoit New York, at 60 West 55th Street.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/dining/05inte.html |title = Here Come the Chefs |work=New York Times |accessdate = 2008-08-13 |date = 2007-09-05 |author=Fabricant, Florence}}</ref>

==Recognition==
Ducasse became the first chef to own restaurants carrying three [[Michelin guide|Michelin Stars]] in three cities. The New York restaurant was dropped from the 2007 Michelin Guide because the restaurant was scheduled to close. Ducasse has become known through his writing and influences.
Ducasse is also only one of two chefs to hold 21 Michelin stars throughout his career.<ref>{{cite episode |title = Top 4 Compete |episodelink = MasterChef (U.S. season 3) |url =http://www.fox.com/masterchef/full-episodes/34075696/top-4-compete |series = MasterChef |serieslink = MasterChef (U.S.) |credits = Hosts: [[Gordon Ramsay]], [[Joe Bastianich]], [[Graham Elliot]] |network = Fox Network |airdate = 28 August 2012 |season = 3 |number = 18 |minutes = 80}}</ref>

He has been special guest in the US and Italian versions of [[MasterChef]]. In 2013 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement on [[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]] List.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/alain-ducasse-50-best-restaurants-lifetime-achievement/
|title=50 Best Lifetime Achievement Award: a Tribute to Alain Ducasse | work=Fine Dining Lovers |date=2013-04-15}}</ref>

==Nationality==
Ducasse was a [[French nationality law|French citizen]] by birth. However, on 17 June 2008, he became a naturalized citizen of [[Monaco]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=20 June 2008|title=Ordonnance Souveraine n° 1.679 du 17 juin 2008 portant naturalisation monégasque |journal=Journal de Monaco |issue=7865 |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Dataweb/jourmon.nsf/966e69337756d51ac12568c40037f872/5f537ce85cc906ebc125746e00315bc8!OpenDocument&Highlight=2,ducasse |language=French |accessdate=2010-02-25}}</ref> He chose Monegasque citizenship in order to take advantage of the principality's tax rates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Le chef Alain Ducasse devient monégasque et perd la nationalité française |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jAVXtdwtN1W5CZNfbmULXVJLEVMg |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |location=[[Monaco]] |date=23 June 2008 |accessdate=2010-02-25 |language=French |trans_title=The chef Alain Ducasse becomes Monegasque and loses French nationality}}</ref>

==Restaurants and operations==
[[File:2016 Hotel de Paris - Monaco 03 Restaurant Louis XV.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Louis XV, Monaco]]
[[File:Le Meurice10.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Le Meurice, Paris, France]]
[[File:Paris 75008 Avenue Montaigne 21 Relais Plaza 20130810.jpg|thumb|Restaurant le Relais Plaza, Paris, France]]
[[File:Table Lumière.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester, England]]
Alain Ducasse's restaurants, cooking schools, cookbooks, and consulting activities had revenues of $15.9 million in 2002.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html
|accessdate=2008-08-13
|title=Cooking Up a Global Empire, Alain Ducasse finds a way to make haute cuisine profitable
|work=Business Week
|date=2003-05-19
|first=Christina
|last=Passariello
}} {{wayback|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html |date=20090108200023 |df=y }}</ref> Since that time, Ducasse has been expanding his reach. Alain Ducasse has also opened a cooking school for the general public in Paris and another for chefs (ADF), which also works for the [[European Space Agency]] to develop [[astronaut]] meals to be taken into space.<ref>[http://www.olivierpascaud.com/ducasse/ Ducasse's delicacies for the international space station]</ref> Ducasse has also authored numerous books, with the most famous being Alain Ducasse Culinary Encyclopedia.

In 2005, Ducasse opened his first Asian restaurant in [[Tokyo, Japan]]. Ducasse's restaurants include:
* 59 Poincaré (Paris, France)
* Adour (New York, USA) - Closed 17 November 2012<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://finedininglovers.com/blog/news-trends/ducasse-closing-adour-new-york/
|title=Ducasse To Close New York Restaurant
| work=Fine Dining Lovers
|date=2012-10-18
}}</ref>
* Restaurant Le Meurice, Alain Ducasse (Paris, France)
* Alain Ducasse au Plaza Athenee (Paris, France)
* Le Relais Plaza, Hotel Plaza Athénée (Paris, France)
* [http://www.thedorchester.com/restaurants_bars/AlainDucasse.html Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester] (London)
* [http://www.auxlyonnais.com/ Aux Lyonnais] (Paris, France)
* Allard (Paris, France)
* La Trattoria (Monaco)
* Be (BoulangEpicerie)
* Beige (Tokyo, Japan)
* [http://www.benoit-paris.com/ Benoit] (Paris, France) - bistro
* Benoit (Tokyo, Japan) - bistro
* [http://www.benoitny.com/ Benoit] (New York, USA) - bistro
* [http://www.esprit-bistrot.com/ Esprit] - bistro
* Idam, Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar gastronomy restaurant
* La Cour Jardin (Paris, France)
* Mix (Las Vegas, USA)
* La Terrasse du Parc
* Le Grill<ref>http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-grill</ref>
* [http://www.restaurant-rech.fr/ Le Rech]
* [http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-jules-verne/ Le Jules Verne] (Eiffel Tower, Paris, France)
* [[Le Louis XV (restaurant)|Le Louis XV]] (Monaco)
* Le Relais du Parc (Paris, France)
* Le Relais Palza (Paris, France)
* La Bastide de Moustier (Moustier Ste Marie, France)
* MIA cafe, at Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar
* Tamaris (Beirut, Lebanon)
* Rivea (Saint-Tropez)
* Rivea (London) Bulgari Hotel
* Spoon (Beirut, Carthago, Gstaadt, Mauritius, Hong-Kong)
* [http://www.andana.it/it/l-andana Trattoria Toscana ''L'Andana''] (Castiglione della Pescaia, Grosseto, Italy)
* [http://www.viajesyvinos.com/Viajes_vinos_vendimia2009_files_files.htm Alain Ducasse opens new Caribbean project in 2010]

In 2004 Alain Ducasse opened a restaurant in a resort near [[Biarritz]], in the French Basque Country. However, after several bombing attacks by [[Irrintzi]], an armed [[Basque nationalist]] organization, which accused him of being a speculator and of "folkloring" the Basque Country, Ducasse decided to leave the Basque Country.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/spain/article/0,,2016267,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Bombs force French chef out of Basque area | first=Angelique | last=Chrisafis | date=2007-02-19 | accessdate=2010-04-23}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Michelin three starred restaurants]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ducasse, Alain}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Orthez]]
[[Category:French chefs]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:French emigrants to Monaco]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Monaco]]
[[Category:People from Landes (department)]]
[[Category:Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants]]
[[Category:Monegasque people of French descent]]

Alain Ducasse

2016-08-25T13:55:42Z

Jordiferrer: /* Restaurants and operations */

{{BLP sources|date=August 2008}}
{{Infobox chef 
| image = Alain Ducasse.jpg
| name = Alain Ducasse
| caption = Alain at Identità Golose Conference 2010
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|9|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Orthez]], France
| death_date =
| death_place =
| style =[[French Cuisine]]
| education =
| ratings = [[Michelin star]]s {{Rating|3|3}}
| restaurants = [[Plaza Athénée]] in Paris [[Jules Verne]] Restaurant located in the [[Eiffel Tower]] [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester]] Mix in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]]
| prevrests = Essex House, New York City
| television =
| awards =
| website = http://www.alain-ducasse.com/
}}
'''Alain Ducasse''' ({{IPA-fr|alɛ̃ dykas|lang}}; born 13 September 1956) is a [[Monaco|Monégasque]] [[chef]]. He formerly held French nationality. He operates a number of restaurants including [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester|Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester]] which holds three stars (the top ranking) in the [[Michelin Guide]].

==Early life and career==
Ducasse was born in [[Orthez]], but educated on a farm in [[Castel-Sarrazin]] in southwestern France. In 1972, when he was sixteen, Ducasse began an [[apprenticeship]] at the Pavillon Landais restaurant in [[Cantons of the Landes department|Soustons]] and at the [[Bordeaux]] hotel school. After this apprenticeship, he began work at [[Michel Guérard]]’s restaurant in [[Communes of the Landes department|Eugénie-les-Bains]] while also working for [[Gaston Lenôtre]] during the summer months. In 1977, Ducasse started working as an assistant at [[Moulin de Mougins]] under legendary chef [[Roger Vergé]], creator of [[Cuisine du Soleil]], and learned the [[Provence#Cuisine|Provençal]] cooking methods for which he was later known. He currently holds 21 [[Michelin Guide|Michelin]] stars.

Ducasse's first position as chef came in 1980 when he took over the kitchens at L’amandier in [[Mougins]]. One year later, he assumed the position of head chef at La Terrasse in the [[Hôtel Juana]] in [[Juan-les-Pins]]. In 1984, he was awarded two stars in the Michelin [[Michelin Guide|Red Guide]]. In the same year Ducasse was the only survivor of a Piper Aztec aircraft crash that injured him severely.<ref>[http://nymag.com/news/features/42588/index4.html New York Magazine article on Ducasse]</ref>

==Career as chef==
[[File:Alain Ducasse2010.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Alain Ducasse (center) at the Congresso italiano di cucina d'autore with [[Massimo Bottura]] (left)]]
In 1986, Ducasse was offered the Chef position at the [[Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo|Hôtel de Paris]] in [[Monte Carlo]], with management including the hotel's Le Louis XV. After assuring himself that the Hotel's other restaurant operations were operating well, Ducasse continued to run management.

In 1988, Ducasse expanded beyond the restaurant industry and opened La Bastide de Moustiers, a twelve-bedroom [[country inn]] in [[Provence]] [http://www.bastide-moustiers.com/] and he began attaining financial interests in other Provence hotels. On 12 August 1996, the Alain Ducasse restaurant opened in Le Parc – Sofitel Demeure Hôtels in the [[16th arrondissement of Paris]]. The Red Guide awarded the restaurant three stars just eight months after opening.

Ducasse came to the United States and in June 2000 opened the Alain Ducasse restaurant in New York City's [[Jumeirah Essex House|Essex House]] hotel at 160 Central Park South, receiving the Red Guide's three stars in December 2005, in the first Red Guide for NYC. That restaurant closed in 2007 when Ducasse chose to open a restaurant in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] named Mix, which later went on to earn one star in the [[Michelin]] Red Guide. In early 2008, Ducasse opened Adour, at the St. Regis Hotel on 16th and K Street in Washington, DC, and has also opened a more casual Bistro Benoit New York, at 60 West 55th Street.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/dining/05inte.html |title = Here Come the Chefs |work=New York Times |accessdate = 2008-08-13 |date = 2007-09-05 |author=Fabricant, Florence}}</ref>

==Recognition==
Ducasse became the first chef to own restaurants carrying three [[Michelin guide|Michelin Stars]] in three cities. The New York restaurant was dropped from the 2007 Michelin Guide because the restaurant was scheduled to close. Ducasse has become known through his writing and influences.
Ducasse is also only one of two chefs to hold 21 Michelin stars throughout his career.<ref>{{cite episode |title = Top 4 Compete |episodelink = MasterChef (U.S. season 3) |url =http://www.fox.com/masterchef/full-episodes/34075696/top-4-compete |series = MasterChef |serieslink = MasterChef (U.S.) |credits = Hosts: [[Gordon Ramsay]], [[Joe Bastianich]], [[Graham Elliot]] |network = Fox Network |airdate = 28 August 2012 |season = 3 |number = 18 |minutes = 80}}</ref>

He has been special guest in the US and Italian versions of [[MasterChef]]. In 2013 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement on [[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]] List.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/alain-ducasse-50-best-restaurants-lifetime-achievement/
|title=50 Best Lifetime Achievement Award: a Tribute to Alain Ducasse | work=Fine Dining Lovers |date=2013-04-15}}</ref>

==Nationality==
Ducasse was a [[French nationality law|French citizen]] by birth. However, on 17 June 2008, he became a naturalized citizen of [[Monaco]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=20 June 2008|title=Ordonnance Souveraine n° 1.679 du 17 juin 2008 portant naturalisation monégasque |journal=Journal de Monaco |issue=7865 |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Dataweb/jourmon.nsf/966e69337756d51ac12568c40037f872/5f537ce85cc906ebc125746e00315bc8!OpenDocument&Highlight=2,ducasse |language=French |accessdate=2010-02-25}}</ref> He chose Monegasque citizenship in order to take advantage of the principality's tax rates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Le chef Alain Ducasse devient monégasque et perd la nationalité française |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jAVXtdwtN1W5CZNfbmULXVJLEVMg |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |location=[[Monaco]] |date=23 June 2008 |accessdate=2010-02-25 |language=French |trans_title=The chef Alain Ducasse becomes Monegasque and loses French nationality}}</ref>

==Restaurants and operations==
[[File:2016 Hotel de Paris - Monaco 03 Restaurant Louis XV.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Louis XV, Monaco]]
[[File:Le Meurice10.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Le Meurice, Paris, France]]
[[File:Table Lumière.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester, England]]
Alain Ducasse's restaurants, cooking schools, cookbooks, and consulting activities had revenues of $15.9 million in 2002.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html
|accessdate=2008-08-13
|title=Cooking Up a Global Empire, Alain Ducasse finds a way to make haute cuisine profitable
|work=Business Week
|date=2003-05-19
|first=Christina
|last=Passariello
}} {{wayback|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html |date=20090108200023 |df=y }}</ref> Since that time, Ducasse has been expanding his reach. Alain Ducasse has also opened a cooking school for the general public in Paris and another for chefs (ADF), which also works for the [[European Space Agency]] to develop [[astronaut]] meals to be taken into space.<ref>[http://www.olivierpascaud.com/ducasse/ Ducasse's delicacies for the international space station]</ref> Ducasse has also authored numerous books, with the most famous being Alain Ducasse Culinary Encyclopedia.

In 2005, Ducasse opened his first Asian restaurant in [[Tokyo, Japan]]. Ducasse's restaurants include:
* 59 Poincaré (Paris, France)
* Adour (New York, USA) - Closed 17 November 2012<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://finedininglovers.com/blog/news-trends/ducasse-closing-adour-new-york/
|title=Ducasse To Close New York Restaurant
| work=Fine Dining Lovers
|date=2012-10-18
}}</ref>
* Restaurant Le Meurice, Alain Ducasse (Paris, France)
* Alain Ducasse au Plaza Athenee (Paris, France)
* [http://www.thedorchester.com/restaurants_bars/AlainDucasse.html Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester] (London)
* [http://www.auxlyonnais.com/ Aux Lyonnais] (Paris, France)
* Allard (Paris, France)
* La Trattoria (Monaco)
* Be (BoulangEpicerie)
* Beige (Tokyo, Japan)
* [http://www.benoit-paris.com/ Benoit] (Paris, France) - bistro
* Benoit (Tokyo, Japan) - bistro
* [http://www.benoitny.com/ Benoit] (New York, USA) - bistro
* [http://www.esprit-bistrot.com/ Esprit] - bistro
* Idam, Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar gastronomy restaurant
* La Cour Jardin (Paris, France)
* Mix (Las Vegas, USA)
* La Terrasse du Parc
* Le Grill<ref>http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-grill</ref>
* [http://www.restaurant-rech.fr/ Le Rech]
* [http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-jules-verne/ Le Jules Verne] (Eiffel Tower, Paris, France)
* [[Le Louis XV (restaurant)|Le Louis XV]] (Monaco)
* Le Relais du Parc (Paris, France)
* Le Relais Palza (Paris, France)
* La Bastide de Moustier (Moustier Ste Marie, France)
* MIA cafe, at Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar
* Tamaris (Beirut, Lebanon)
* Rivea (Saint-Tropez)
* Rivea (London) Bulgari Hotel
* Spoon (Beirut, Carthago, Gstaadt, Mauritius, Hong-Kong)
* [http://www.andana.it/it/l-andana Trattoria Toscana ''L'Andana''] (Castiglione della Pescaia, Grosseto, Italy)
* [http://www.viajesyvinos.com/Viajes_vinos_vendimia2009_files_files.htm Alain Ducasse opens new Caribbean project in 2010]

In 2004 Alain Ducasse opened a restaurant in a resort near [[Biarritz]], in the French Basque Country. However, after several bombing attacks by [[Irrintzi]], an armed [[Basque nationalist]] organization, which accused him of being a speculator and of "folkloring" the Basque Country, Ducasse decided to leave the Basque Country.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/spain/article/0,,2016267,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Bombs force French chef out of Basque area | first=Angelique | last=Chrisafis | date=2007-02-19 | accessdate=2010-04-23}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Michelin three starred restaurants]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ducasse, Alain}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Orthez]]
[[Category:French chefs]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:French emigrants to Monaco]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Monaco]]
[[Category:People from Landes (department)]]
[[Category:Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants]]
[[Category:Monegasque people of French descent]]

Alain Ducasse

2016-08-25T13:13:50Z

Jordiferrer: photos

{{BLP sources|date=August 2008}}
{{Infobox chef 
| image = Alain Ducasse.jpg
| name = Alain Ducasse
| caption = Alain at Identità Golose Conference 2010
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|9|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Orthez]], France
| death_date =
| death_place =
| style =[[French Cuisine]]
| education =
| ratings = [[Michelin star]]s {{Rating|3|3}}
| restaurants = [[Plaza Athénée]] in Paris [[Jules Verne]] Restaurant located in the [[Eiffel Tower]] [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester]] Mix in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]]
| prevrests = Essex House, New York City
| television =
| awards =
| website = http://www.alain-ducasse.com/
}}
'''Alain Ducasse''' ({{IPA-fr|alɛ̃ dykas|lang}}; born 13 September 1956) is a [[Monaco|Monégasque]] [[chef]]. He formerly held French nationality. He operates a number of restaurants including [[Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester|Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester]] which holds three stars (the top ranking) in the [[Michelin Guide]].

==Early life and career==
Ducasse was born in [[Orthez]], but educated on a farm in [[Castel-Sarrazin]] in southwestern France. In 1972, when he was sixteen, Ducasse began an [[apprenticeship]] at the Pavillon Landais restaurant in [[Cantons of the Landes department|Soustons]] and at the [[Bordeaux]] hotel school. After this apprenticeship, he began work at [[Michel Guérard]]’s restaurant in [[Communes of the Landes department|Eugénie-les-Bains]] while also working for [[Gaston Lenôtre]] during the summer months. In 1977, Ducasse started working as an assistant at [[Moulin de Mougins]] under legendary chef [[Roger Vergé]], creator of [[Cuisine du Soleil]], and learned the [[Provence#Cuisine|Provençal]] cooking methods for which he was later known. He currently holds 21 [[Michelin Guide|Michelin]] stars.

Ducasse's first position as chef came in 1980 when he took over the kitchens at L’amandier in [[Mougins]]. One year later, he assumed the position of head chef at La Terrasse in the [[Hôtel Juana]] in [[Juan-les-Pins]]. In 1984, he was awarded two stars in the Michelin [[Michelin Guide|Red Guide]]. In the same year Ducasse was the only survivor of a Piper Aztec aircraft crash that injured him severely.<ref>[http://nymag.com/news/features/42588/index4.html New York Magazine article on Ducasse]</ref>

==Career as chef==
[[File:Alain Ducasse2010.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Alain Ducasse (center) at the Congresso italiano di cucina d'autore with [[Massimo Bottura]] (left)]]
In 1986, Ducasse was offered the Chef position at the [[Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo|Hôtel de Paris]] in [[Monte Carlo]], with management including the hotel's Le Louis XV. After assuring himself that the Hotel's other restaurant operations were operating well, Ducasse continued to run management.

In 1988, Ducasse expanded beyond the restaurant industry and opened La Bastide de Moustiers, a twelve-bedroom [[country inn]] in [[Provence]] [http://www.bastide-moustiers.com/] and he began attaining financial interests in other Provence hotels. On 12 August 1996, the Alain Ducasse restaurant opened in Le Parc – Sofitel Demeure Hôtels in the [[16th arrondissement of Paris]]. The Red Guide awarded the restaurant three stars just eight months after opening.

Ducasse came to the United States and in June 2000 opened the Alain Ducasse restaurant in New York City's [[Jumeirah Essex House|Essex House]] hotel at 160 Central Park South, receiving the Red Guide's three stars in December 2005, in the first Red Guide for NYC. That restaurant closed in 2007 when Ducasse chose to open a restaurant in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] named Mix, which later went on to earn one star in the [[Michelin]] Red Guide. In early 2008, Ducasse opened Adour, at the St. Regis Hotel on 16th and K Street in Washington, DC, and has also opened a more casual Bistro Benoit New York, at 60 West 55th Street.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/dining/05inte.html |title = Here Come the Chefs |work=New York Times |accessdate = 2008-08-13 |date = 2007-09-05 |author=Fabricant, Florence}}</ref>

==Recognition==
Ducasse became the first chef to own restaurants carrying three [[Michelin guide|Michelin Stars]] in three cities. The New York restaurant was dropped from the 2007 Michelin Guide because the restaurant was scheduled to close. Ducasse has become known through his writing and influences.
Ducasse is also only one of two chefs to hold 21 Michelin stars throughout his career.<ref>{{cite episode |title = Top 4 Compete |episodelink = MasterChef (U.S. season 3) |url =http://www.fox.com/masterchef/full-episodes/34075696/top-4-compete |series = MasterChef |serieslink = MasterChef (U.S.) |credits = Hosts: [[Gordon Ramsay]], [[Joe Bastianich]], [[Graham Elliot]] |network = Fox Network |airdate = 28 August 2012 |season = 3 |number = 18 |minutes = 80}}</ref>

He has been special guest in the US and Italian versions of [[MasterChef]]. In 2013 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement on [[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]] List.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/alain-ducasse-50-best-restaurants-lifetime-achievement/
|title=50 Best Lifetime Achievement Award: a Tribute to Alain Ducasse | work=Fine Dining Lovers |date=2013-04-15}}</ref>

==Nationality==
Ducasse was a [[French nationality law|French citizen]] by birth. However, on 17 June 2008, he became a naturalized citizen of [[Monaco]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=20 June 2008|title=Ordonnance Souveraine n° 1.679 du 17 juin 2008 portant naturalisation monégasque |journal=Journal de Monaco |issue=7865 |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Dataweb/jourmon.nsf/966e69337756d51ac12568c40037f872/5f537ce85cc906ebc125746e00315bc8!OpenDocument&Highlight=2,ducasse |language=French |accessdate=2010-02-25}}</ref> He chose Monegasque citizenship in order to take advantage of the principality's tax rates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Le chef Alain Ducasse devient monégasque et perd la nationalité française |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jAVXtdwtN1W5CZNfbmULXVJLEVMg |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |location=[[Monaco]] |date=23 June 2008 |accessdate=2010-02-25 |language=French |trans_title=The chef Alain Ducasse becomes Monegasque and loses French nationality}}</ref>

==Restaurants and operations==
[[File:2016 Hotel de Paris - Monaco 03 Restaurant Louis XV.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Louis XV, Monaco.]]
[[File:Table Lumière.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester, England]]
Alain Ducasse's restaurants, cooking schools, cookbooks, and consulting activities had revenues of $15.9 million in 2002.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html
|accessdate=2008-08-13
|title=Cooking Up a Global Empire, Alain Ducasse finds a way to make haute cuisine profitable
|work=Business Week
|date=2003-05-19
|first=Christina
|last=Passariello
}} {{wayback|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512431/student_view0/chapter22/business_week_article.html |date=20090108200023 |df=y }}</ref> Since that time, Ducasse has been expanding his reach. Alain Ducasse has also opened a cooking school for the general public in Paris and another for chefs (ADF), which also works for the [[European Space Agency]] to develop [[astronaut]] meals to be taken into space.<ref>[http://www.olivierpascaud.com/ducasse/ Ducasse's delicacies for the international space station]</ref> Ducasse has also authored numerous books, with the most famous being Alain Ducasse Culinary Encyclopedia.

In 2005, Ducasse opened his first Asian restaurant in [[Tokyo, Japan]]. Ducasse's restaurants include:
* 59 Poincaré (Paris, France)
* Adour (New York, USA) - Closed 17 November 2012<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://finedininglovers.com/blog/news-trends/ducasse-closing-adour-new-york/
|title=Ducasse To Close New York Restaurant
| work=Fine Dining Lovers
|date=2012-10-18
}}</ref>
* Restaurant Le Meurice, Alain Ducasse (Paris, France)
* Alain Ducasse au Plaza Athenee (Paris, France)
* [http://www.thedorchester.com/restaurants_bars/AlainDucasse.html Alain Ducasse at the Dorchester] (London)
* [http://www.auxlyonnais.com/ Aux Lyonnais] (Paris, France)
* Allard (Paris, France)
* La Trattoria (Monaco)
* Be (BoulangEpicerie)
* Beige (Tokyo, Japan)
* [http://www.benoit-paris.com/ Benoit] (Paris, France) - bistro
* Benoit (Tokyo, Japan) - bistro
* [http://www.benoitny.com/ Benoit] (New York, USA) - bistro
* [http://www.esprit-bistrot.com/ Esprit] - bistro
* Idam, Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar gastronomy restaurant
* La Cour Jardin (Paris, France)
* Mix (Las Vegas, USA)
* La Terrasse du Parc
* Le Grill<ref>http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-grill</ref>
* [http://www.restaurant-rech.fr/ Le Rech]
* [http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-jules-verne/ Le Jules Verne] (Eiffel Tower, Paris, France)
* [[Le Louis XV (restaurant)|Le Louis XV]] (Monaco)
* Le Relais du Parc (Paris, France)
* Le Relais Palza (Paris, France)
* La Bastide de Moustier (Moustier Ste Marie, France)
* MIA cafe, at Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar
* Tamaris (Beirut, Lebanon)
* Rivea (Saint-Tropez)
* Rivea (London) Bulgari Hotel
* Spoon (Beirut, Carthago, Gstaadt, Mauritius, Hong-Kong)
* [http://www.andana.it/it/l-andana Trattoria Toscana ''L'Andana''] (Castiglione della Pescaia, Grosseto, Italy)
* [http://www.viajesyvinos.com/Viajes_vinos_vendimia2009_files_files.htm Alain Ducasse opens new Caribbean project in 2010]

In 2004 Alain Ducasse opened a restaurant in a resort near [[Biarritz]], in the French Basque Country. However, after several bombing attacks by [[Irrintzi]], an armed [[Basque nationalist]] organization, which accused him of being a speculator and of "folkloring" the Basque Country, Ducasse decided to leave the Basque Country.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/spain/article/0,,2016267,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Bombs force French chef out of Basque area | first=Angelique | last=Chrisafis | date=2007-02-19 | accessdate=2010-04-23}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Michelin three starred restaurants]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ducasse, Alain}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Orthez]]
[[Category:French chefs]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:French emigrants to Monaco]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Monaco]]
[[Category:People from Landes (department)]]
[[Category:Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants]]
[[Category:Monegasque people of French descent]]

Le Louis XV (restaurant)

2016-08-25T13:07:16Z

Jordiferrer: better image

{{Infobox restaurant
| name = Le Louis XV
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_alt =
| image = 2016 Hotel de Paris - Monaco 03 Restaurant Louis XV.jpg
| image_width =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| map_width =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| slogan =
| established = {{Start date|1987|5|22}}
| closed = 
| current-owner =
| head-chef = Franck Cerutti
| food-type = [[French cuisine]]
| dress-code = Jacket required
| rating = {{Michelinstar|3}} [[Michelin Guide]]
| street-address = [[Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo]], Pl. du Casino, 98000
| city = [[Monte Carlo]]
| country = Monaco
| iso_region =
| coordinates_display = yes
| latd = 43
| latm = 44
| lats = 19
| latNS = N
| longd = 07
| longm = 25
| longs = 37
| longEW = E
| seating-capacity =
| reservations = Yes
| other-locations =
| other-information =
| website = {{URL|www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-louis-xv-alain-ducasse|alain-ducasse.com/...}}
}}

'''Le Louis XV''' is a [[French cuisine|French]] restaurant in [[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]]. Run by chef [[Alain Ducasse]], it holds three [[Michelin star]]s. It has been featured in lists of the world's top restaurants.

==Description==
Le Louis XV is the flagship restaurant of chef [[Alain Ducasse]]. It is located inside the [[Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo]], in [[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]].<ref name=indyireland2012>{{cite news |last=Tullio |first=Paolo |title=Restaurant review: Paolo Tullio at Le Louis XV Hotel de Paris, Monte Carlo |url=http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/food-drink/restaurant-review-paolo-tullio-at-le-louis-xv-hotel-de-paris-monte-carlo-3100948.html |accessdate=7 September 2012 |newspaper=Independent.ie |date=5 May 2012}}</ref> He opened the restaurant in May 1987, having been challenged by [[Prince Rainier III]] of Monaco and the [[Société des bains de mer de Monaco]] to win three Michelin stars there within four years, becoming the first hotel-based restaurant to win that level of the award.<ref name=visitmonaco /> Ducasse won the three stars for the restaurant 33 months later, some fifteen months earlier than his objective.<ref name=visitmonaco>{{cite web |title=Le Louis XV – Alain Ducasse – 25 years of essential cuisine |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/News/News/Le-Louis-XV-Alain-Ducasse-25-years-of-essential-cuisine |publisher=Visit Monaco |accessdate=7 September 2012}}</ref>

The wine cellar contains around 400,000 bottles of wine.<ref name=fodor>{{cite web |title=Le Louis XV |url=http://www.fodors.com/world/europe/france/the-french-riviera/review-182517.html |publisher=''Fodor's'' |accessdate=7 September 2012}}</ref> A number of food trolleys are used by the waiters, including for champagne, cheese and one holding herbs to make herbal teas at the tableside.<ref name=indyireland2012 />

Several chefs who went on to lead Michelin starred restaurants underwent training at Le Louis XV, including [[Alexis Gauthier]] and [[Clare Smyth]].<ref name=gauthier>{{cite web |title=Alexis Gauthier, Esq |url=http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/g/22595/Alexis%20Pascal+GAUTHIER.aspx |publisher=''Debrett's'' |accessdate=8 September 2012}}</ref><ref name=firstfemalemichelinstars>{{cite news |last=Gardham |first=Duncan |author2=Peterkin, Tom |title=Revealed: First three Michelin star female chef |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/1570604/Revealed-First-three-Michelin-star-female-chef.html |accessdate=29 January 2012 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=27 November 2007}}</ref>

==Reception==
Food critic Paolo Tullio described Le Louis XV as one of the "great French restaurants".<ref name=indyireland2012 /> In 2003, ''[[The Guardian]]'' identified it as one of the top five restaurants in the world. [[Howard Jacobson]] was sent to review it by the newspaper, who thought initially that the dishes served were "droll" but changed his mind when he tasted them.<ref name=greatwriters>{{cite news |last=Jacobson |first=Howard |title=What happened when five great writers dined at the world's five best restaurants? |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2003/oct/12/foodanddrink.features16 |accessdate=7 September 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 October 2003}}</ref> He enjoyed the ambiance of the place, and thought that the numbers of staff gave it an air of professionalism.<ref name=greatwriters />

''[[Fodor's]]'' travel guide described Ducasse's cuisine as "superb", while also describing the interior of the restaurant as "magnificent".<ref name=fodor /> Le Louis XV holds three [[Michelin star]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le Louis XV-Alain Ducasse |url=http://www.viamichelin.co.uk/web/Restaurant/Monte_Carlo-98000-Le_Louis_XV_Alain_Ducasse-9785-41102 |publisher=Via Michelin |accessdate=7 September 2012}}</ref> It was included in the first published list of the world's 101 top restaurants by The Daily Meal in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=101 best hotel restaurants around the world |url=http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2012/08/30/101-best-hotel-restaurants-around-world/ |accessdate=7 September 2012 |newspaper=Fox News |date=30 April 2012}}</ref>

It has also been included in [[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]] by [[Restaurant (magazine)|''Restaurant'']]; in 2003 it was ranked the third-best restaurant in the world behind the [[French Laundry]] and [[El Bulli]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Paterson |first=Michael |title=Critics say world's best restaurant is French – but in California |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1428681/Critics-say-worlds-best-restaurant-is-French-but-in-California.html |accessdate=7 September 2012 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=29 April 2003}}</ref> by 2006 and 2007 it had dropped to eighth place,<ref>{{cite news |last=Vines |first=Richard |title=El Bulli Topples Fat Duck as Best Restaurant in Poll |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a8YOQ1NyzBNA&refer=culture |accessdate=7 September 2012 |newspaper=Bloomberg |date=11 April 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Vines |first=Richard |title=France Tops U.S., U.K. in Best Restaurant Awards; El Bulli Wins |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aujvvTPizCqU&refer=muse |accessdate=7 September 2012 |newspaper=Bloomberg |date=23 April 2007}}</ref> dropping to fifteenth in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vines |first=Richard |title=El Bulli Named World's Best Restaurant; Per Se, Noma Advance |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aC4vpwlNb2BU |accessdate=7 September 2012 |newspaper=Bloomberg |date=21 April 2008}}</ref> It had a significant drop in rankings in 2009, falling to 43rd place.
<ref>{{cite news |last=Vines |first=Richard |title=Ramsay’s Protege Attacks Celebrity Chefs After Awards Triumph |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aXB.iAyBmNA0&refer=muse |accessdate=7 September 2012 |newspaper=Bloomberg |date=21 April 2009}}</ref>

The restaurant has been the recipient of the ''[[Wine Spectator]]'' Grand Award since 1995.<ref>{{cite news |title=Le Louis XV – Alain Ducasse |url=http://www.winespectator.com/restaurants/show/source/search/id/2951 |work=Wine Spectator |date=2015-01-01 |accessdate=2015-08-19}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.alain-ducasse.com/en/restaurant/le-louis-xv-alain-ducasse}}

{{Michelin Guide 3-star restaurants in France}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Louis XV, le}}
[[Category:1987 establishments in Monaco]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Monaco]]
[[Category:Michelin Guide starred restaurants]]
[[Category:1987 in Monaco]]