Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Choro-Q

2011-09-17T13:35:16Z

Lord fabs:

{{Redirect|ChoroQ|the series of video games|ChoroQ (video game)}}
{{Unreferenced|date=April 2010}}

[[File:Chorokyue.JPG|thumb]]
{{nihongo|'''Choro-Q'''|チョロQ}} is a series of Japanese 3–4 cm long toy cars, with coil-spring pullback motors, first made by [[Takara]] in 1978, and sold extensively in Western markets as '''Penny Racers'''.

The name comes from the Japanese word "Choro-choro" which means "dash around" and an abbreviation of "[[cuteness|cute]]" which in its Japanese adaptation connotes both the aesthetic meaning and also the meaning of petite in size.

The Choro-Q car designs are largely based on illustrations by [[Yasuhiro Nakamura]] (中村安広) who also design its covers for books and videogames.

==Features==
Most Choro-Q feature real rubber tires (usually with larger ones on the rear) and the characteristic [[coil spring|coil-spring]] [[pullback motor]]. Also, each Choro-Q is a "cute" squeezed design [[caricature]] of the actual vehicle it represents. This type of caricature is also known as "deformed scale" as it gives the car a foreshortened or deformed appearance. What is also distinct about the cars is the slot at the rear, where a small coin can be inserted for the wheelie effect.

The toy line is highly popular and has become collectible, even outside Japan, due to its low price and its merchandising line which includes [[JGTC]] and various licensed car editions and has also spawned a series of videogames bearing the same name. The toy line has also lent its moulding to the [[Transformers (toyline)|Transformers]] line of toys.

In addition to "Penny Racers", Choro-Q pullback cars were also marketed under the [[Tonka]] branding in the late 1980s as "Tonka Turbo Tricksters". "Penny Racers" in the US are still marketed by [[Funrise]], but are less popular for collectors compared with their true-to-life counterparts marketed elsewhere, and versus the ones formerly sold by Tonka. "Penny Racers" tend to be [[garish]]ly colored and given silly names, ignoring the actual names of the makes and models, and marketed for US children, whereas the Choro Q in the far East are made to a much higher quality standard and many are specifically designed for the adult collector, with high detail and/or tiny, incredibly detailed racing graphics and occasionally other realistic gimmicks such as fold-out headlights.

Originally produced in Japan, the manufacture subsequently has occurred variously in Taiwan, Macau and China. The models represent various makes and models of all kinds of actual cars, trucks, trains, and even planes and military and construction vehicles. There are even versions representing just about every bus and train line in Japan. Choro-Q are also produced in limited special runs for promotional purposes. Models are licensed and produced for automotive manufacturers and dealers, or as tchotchkes for marketing of other products and services. They even released a Major League Baseball line.

The first Choro-Q cars were more geared toward children, with primary colors and low detail. They have grown more sophisticated over time and now are for the most part cast in a uniform clear, colored or smoked resin plastic which is then painted, thus leaving the windshields and headlights, etc. transparent for added realism. From early on, Takara offered accessories and various spare parts and modification parts, including different motors to give a higher speed. Recently the newer Choro-Q are sold from the factory with various styles of spring-wound motors, including slow (for trucks and machinery), normal (for normal cars), and fast (for sports cars). There is even a 2-speed motor that starts out slow and then shifts to a higher gear.

==Specialty models==
Unusual Choro-Q which have the wheels and pull-back motor but are not modelled after vehicles are also common, often sold as special collectibles. This includes Choro-Q in the shape of common regional symbols such as carved wood bears of Hokkaido and popular symbols from other regions such monkeys, salmon eggs, sea urchin, etc. sold only in certain regions and marketed at local domestic tourists.

The Choro-Q brand has been extended, often with a small name change which is a pun on the original name, to cover other small toys or novelties, both with and without the wheels and motor, including
*[[Digi-Q]]: Electronic remote control versions of Choro-Q cars which used infrared technology instead of radio control. These products were developed in conjunction with Konami.
*[[Choco-Q]]: Chocolate egg with a small capsule toy inside
*[[Puka-Q]]: Bath salts compressed into an egg shape, which, when dissolved in the bath, reveals a small toy inside
*[[Choro-Juu]]: ("Ju" [獣], meaning beast or monster, from [[怪獣]]) Small monster toys which moved with a friction motor and had other gimmicks such as sparks shooting from the mouth.
*[[Choro-Chuu]] ("Chu" [虫], insect or bug, from [[:ja:昆虫|昆虫]]): Realistic plastic and rubber figures of various beetles, with wheels and a pull-back motor for movement.
*[[Jumbo Choro-Q]]: This is a large-scale version of the small toys but approximately 30 cm in length. They have the same pull-back motor gimmick and the hood also opened to reveal a storage space for standard sized Choro-Q toys.
*[[Q-steer]]: A more inexpensive infra-red remote control version of Choro-Q cars than the earlier Digi-Q, this line was first released in 2006 after the merger with TOMY and for several years became one of the best selling toy lines in Japan. They come in Normal, Tamiya Dune Buggies, Mario Kart Wii and Doraemon versions.
*[[CQ Motors]]: The most ambitious brand extension of all, this wholly owned subsidiary of Takara, founded in 2002, manufactured and sold actual single-passenger, electric automobiles modelled after the toy cars. The cars are street-legal (though not permitted on highways), require a standard driver's license for operation and have a top speed of about 50 km/h and a range of about 80 km on a single charge. Several models were sold, priced in the 1-1.5 million yen range. Although sales have been discontinued, as many as 500 were sold in all. In a country known for the prowess of its automobile industry it is remarkable that at one point, Takara, a toy company, had the highest share of electric cars on the road in Japan.
*[[Choro-Q Deck System (CDS)]]: A system of special customizable Choro-Q cars and track designed for head-on crash "battle" competitions. The innovative "deck system" allows the easy swapping of the principle car components by putting each component in a card-like frame. Swappable components include the chassis-engine, front-end battering ram, outer body and special deflecting side wings. After stacking a unique combination of component cards like a deck of cards, a unique vehicle comes together which can be easily detached from the deck and put into battle on the track. The object of the competition is to design a vehicle which will knock the opponent off the track in a head-to-head crash battle.
*[[Choro-Q Hybrid]]: A newer version of the Digi-Q and Q-Steer, the Choro-Q Hybrid is available in two chassis types, Remote Type and Spring Type. The car bodies can be removed easily with a screwdriver so they can be swapped onto other chassis types or traded. They also include additional pieces that are fitted to the tyres or underside to perform special tricks, and slot car tracks to race on. The speed of the Remote Type's Dash button has vastly increased, and the Mario Kart Wii cars come with an Item Selector on the remote. The remote sizes have increased and the cars are charged via remote.

==Video games==
Dozens of [[Choro Q video games]] using the Choro-Q brand and themes have been released. These games, which have been released on many platforms, are racing genre with varying customization and RPG elements. Many of the games have been ported and translated with moderate success internationally, sometimes under the Choro-Q name, but also under other names such as Penny Racers, Gadget Racers and Road Trip.

==External links==
* [http://www.takaratomy.co.jp/products/choroq/ Official Site]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lmft-uYIZEQ Penny Racers TV Commercial from the 1980s]

[[Category:Takara]]
[[Category:Takara Tomy]]
[[Category:Toy cars and trucks]]

[[nl:Choro-Q]]
[[ja:チョロQ]]

Electronic stability control

2011-09-17T07:12:54Z

Lord fabs:

'''Electronic stability control''' ('''ESC''') is a computerized technology <ref>[A. T. van Zanten, "Bosch ESP Systems: 5 years of Experience", SAE 2000-01-1633]</ref><ref>[E. K. Liebemann, K. Meder, J. Schuh and G. Nenninger, "Safety and Performance Enhancement: the Bosch Electronic Stability Control (ESP)." SAE 2004-21-0060.]</ref> that may potentially improve the safety of a [[car handling|vehicle's stability]] by detecting and minimizing skids<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13609388 BBC video on how anti-skid stability control systems work at 50mph</ref>. When ESC detects loss of steering control, it automatically applies the brakes to help "steer" the vehicle where the driver intends to go. Braking is automatically applied to wheels individually, such as the outer front wheel to counter [[oversteer]] or the inner rear wheel to counter [[understeer]]. Some ESC systems also reduce engine power until control is regained. ESC does not improve a vehicle's cornering performance; instead, it helps to minimize the loss of control. According to [[Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] and the U.S. [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]], one-third of fatal accidents could have been prevented by the technology.<ref>[http://www.iihs.org/news/rss/pr061306.html "Electronic stability control could prevent nearly one-third of all fatal crashes and reduce rollover risk by as much as 80%; effect is found on single- and multiple-vehicle crashes," IIHS News release, 2006]</ref><ref>[http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/regrev/evaluate/809790.html Jennifer N. Dang, "PRELIMINARY RESULTS ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL(ESC) SYSTEMS," DOT HS 809 790, 2004]</ref>

== History==

In 1987, the earliest innovators of ESC, [[Mercedes-Benz]] and [[BMW]], introduced their first [[traction control system]]s. Traction control works by applying individual wheel braking and throttle to keep traction while accelerating but, unlike the ESC, it is not designed to aid in steering.

Named simply TCL in 1990, the system has since evolved into Mitsubishi's modern ''Active Skid and Traction Control'' (ASTC) system. Developed to help the driver maintain the intended path through a corner, an onboard [[computer]] monitored several vehicle operating parameters through the use of various sensors. When too much [[throttle]] has been used, while taking a curve, engine output and braking are automatically regulated to ensure the proper path through a curve and to provide the proper amount of traction under various road surface conditions. While conventional traction control systems at the time featured only a slip control function, Mitsubishi developed a TCL system which had a preventive (active) safety feature. This improved the course tracing performance by automatically adjusting the traction force, thereby restraining the development of excessive lateral acceleration, while turning. Although not a ‘true’ modern stability control system, trace control monitors steering angle, throttle position and individual wheel speeds and there is no [[yaw rate]] input. The TCL system's standard wheel slip control function improves traction on slippery surfaces or during cornering. In addition to the TCL's traction control feature, it also works together with Diamante's electronic controlled suspension and four-wheel steering that Mitsubishi had equipped to improve total handling and performance.<ref name="80%2527s">[http://www.mitsubishi-motors.co.za/featuresites/mm_history/1980-1989.asp "Mitsubishi Motors history 1981–1990", Mitsubishi Motors South Africa website]</ref><ref name="tcl">[http://www.mitsubishi-motors.co.za/featuresites/mm_history/TCL.asp "Control Technology", Mitsubishi Motors South Africa website]</ref><ref name="sigma">[http://www.mitsubishi-motors.co.za/featuresites/mm_history/Sigma.asp "Mitsubishi Diamante", Mitsubishi Motors South Africa website]</ref><ref name="astc">[http://www.carmild.com/2010/08/asx-mitsubishi-outlander-and-delica-d-5.html "Stability Control", Mitsubishi Motors website]</ref><ref name="tclpaper">[http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/912583 Tadao Tanaka, Keiji Isoda, Masayoshi Ohsaki, and Toshio Shigehara, "Traction Control System for Improved Driving Safety", SAE 912583]</ref><ref name="diamantereview">[http://research.cars.com/go/crp/research.jsp?section=reviews&crpPage=reviews.jsp&makeid=34&modelid=309&year=1992&myid=&acode=&mode=&aff=national Tom Incantalupo, "1992 Mitsubishi Diamante", Newsday, October 1991]</ref><ref name="stability%2520control">[http://autospeed.drive.com.au/A_2919/cms/article.html Michael Knowling, "Electronic Stability Control - Part 1," Autospeed, May 2006]</ref><ref>[http://www.mitsubishi-motors.co.za/featuresites/mm_history/TCL.asp "Active Concern for Safety"]</ref>

[[BMW]], working with [[Robert Bosch GmbH]] and [[Continental Automotive Systems]], developed a system to reduce engine torque to prevent loss of control and applied it to the entire [[BMW]] model line for 1992. From 1987 to 1992, [[Mercedes-Benz]] and [[Robert Bosch GmbH]] co-developed a system called Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm ([[German language|Ger.]] "Electronic Stability Programme" trademarked as ESP) a lateral slippage control system, the electronic stability control (ESC).

[[General Motors|GM]] worked with [[Delphi Corporation]] and introduced its version of ESC called "StabiliTrak" in 1997 for select [[Cadillac]] models. StabiliTrak was made standard equipment on all GM SUVs and vans sold in the U.S. and Canada by 2007 except for certain commercial and fleet vehicles. While the "StabiliTrak" name is used on most General Motors vehicles for the U.S. market, the "Electronic Stability Control" identity is used for GM overseas brands, such as [[Opel]], [[Holden]] and [[Saab]], except in the case of Saab's [[Saab 9-7X|9-7X]] which also uses the "StabiliTrak" name. [[Ford]]'s version of ESC, called AdvanceTrac, was launched in the year 2000. Ford later added Roll Stability Control to AdvanceTrac<ref>[http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=20679 Ford Media, "ADVANCETRAC WITH ROLL STABILITY CONTROL – THE FORD ADVANTAGE"]</ref><ref name=fordrsc>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-01/esv/esv20/07-0136-O.pdf Jianbo Lu, Dave Messih, and Albert Salib, "Roll Rate Based Stability Control - The Roll Stability Control System," Proceedings of the 20th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference, 2007]</ref> which was first introduced in [[Volvo XC90]] in 2003 when [[Volvo Cars]] was fully owned by [[Ford]] and it is now being implemented in many Ford vehicles.

== Introduction==

In 1995, automobile manufacturers introduced ESC systems. [[Mercedes-Benz]], supplied by [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], was the first to implement this with their [[Mercedes-Benz W140|W140 S-Class]] model. That same year [[BMW]], supplied by Bosch and ITT Automotive (later acquired by [[Continental Automotive Systems]]). [[Volvo Cars]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} began to offer their version of ESC called DSTC in 1998 on the new S80. [[Toyota]]'s Vehicle Stability Control system (also in 2004, a preventive system called [[VDIM]]) appeared on the [[Crown Majesta]] in 1995.<ref>[http://www.jsae.or.jp/autotech/data_e/5-13e.html Vehicle stability control system]</ref> Meanwhile others investigated and developed their own systems.

During a [[moose test]] (swerving to avoid an obstacle), which became famous in Germany as "the Elk test", the Swedish journalist Robert Collin of Teknikens Värld (World of Technology) in October 1997<ref>[http://wwwc.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/0005/11/collin.html Mercedes fryser ut Robert Collin]</ref> rolled a Mercedes [[Mercedes-Benz A-Class|A-Class]] (without ESC) at 78 km/h. Because Mercedes-Benz promotes a reputation for safety, they recalled and retrofitted 130,000 A-Class cars with ESC. This produced a significant reduction in crashes and the number of vehicles with ESC rose. Today virtually all premium brands have made ESC standard on all vehicles, and the number of models with ESC continues to increase.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> [[Ford]] and [[Toyota]] announced that all their North American vehicles would be equipped with ESC standard by the end of 2009 (it was standard on Toyota SUVs as of 2004, and after the 2011 model-year, All Lexus, Toyota, and Scion vehicles have ESC; the last one to get it was the 2011 model-year [[Scion tC]]).<ref>[http://media.ford.com/newsroom/release_display.cfm?release=24259 Ford Motor Company - Press Release - FORD TO MAKE ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL STANDARD ON ALL CARS AND TRUCKS BY END OF 2009]</ref><ref>[http://www.wheels.ca/article/19503 Imports sweep safety list in U.S]</ref> However, as recent as November 2010, Ford still sells models in North America without ESC.<ref>[http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/roadsafety/tp-tp14651-vs200701-table_10-752.htm ESC Fitment - Model Year 2010]</ref> [[General Motors]] had made a similar announcement for the end of 2010.<ref>[http://www.technologynewsdaily.com/node/3328 Electronic Stability Control, GM]</ref> The NHTSA requires all passenger vehicles to be equipped with ESC by 2012 and estimates it will prevent 5,300-9,600 annual fatalities once all passenger vehicles are equipped with the system.<ref>[http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/portal/site/nhtsa/menuitem.012c081c5966f0ca3253ab10cba046a0/ Preliminary Results Analyzing the Effectiveness of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) Systems]</ref>

== Operation ==
{{main|Directional stability}}
During normal driving, ESC works in the background and continuously monitors steering and vehicle direction. It compares the driver's intended direction (determined through the measured steering wheel angle) to the vehicle's actual direction (determined through measured lateral [[acceleration]], vehicle rotation ([[Yaw angle|yaw]]), and individual road wheel speeds).

ESC intervenes only when it detects loss of steering control, i.e. when the vehicle is not going where the driver is steering.<ref>[http://www.iihs.org/research/qanda/esc.html Q&As: Electronic Stability Control]</ref> This may happen, for example, when skidding during emergency evasive swerves, [[understeer]] or [[oversteer]] during poorly judged turns on slippery roads, or [[hydroplaning (tires)|hydroplaning]]. ESC estimates the direction of the skid, and then applies the brakes to individual wheels asymmetrically in order to create [[torque]] about the vehicle's vertical axis, opposing the skid and bringing the vehicle back in line with the driver's commanded direction. Additionally, the system may reduce engine power or operate the transmission to slow the vehicle down.

ESC can work on any surface, from dry pavement to frozen lakes.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHvoPJrXIMU YouTube - Truck ESP System]</ref><ref name=autogenerated3>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3m24bjkfg0 YouTube - How Effective is Stability Control]</ref> It reacts to and corrects skidding much faster and more effectively than the typical human driver, often before the driver is even aware of any imminent loss of control.<ref>[http://www.toyota.com/help/glossary.html#v Toyota Glossary]</ref> In fact, this led to some concern that ESC could allow drivers to become overconfident in their vehicle's handling and/or their own driving skills. For this reason, ESC systems typically inform the driver when they intervene, so that the driver knows that the vehicle's handling limits have been approached. Most activate a dashboard indicator light and/or alert tone; some intentionally allow the vehicle's corrected course to deviate very slightly from the driver-commanded direction, even if it is possible to more precisely match it.<ref>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=789681&isnumber=17104 Tseng, H.E.; Ashrafi, B.; Madau, D.; Allen Brown, T.; Recker, D.; The development of vehicle stability control at Ford]</ref>

Indeed, all ESC manufacturers emphasize that the system is not a performance enhancement nor a replacement for safe driving practices, but rather a safety technology to assist the driver in recovering from dangerous situations. ESC does not increase traction, so it does not enable faster cornering (although it can facilitate better-controlled cornering). More generally, ESC works within inherent limits of the vehicle's handling and available traction between the tires and road. A reckless maneuver can still exceed these limits, resulting in loss of control. For example, in a severe hydroplaning scenario, the wheels that ESC would use to correct a skid may not even initially be in contact with the road, reducing its effectiveness.

In July 2004, on the Crown Majesta, Toyota offered a [[Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management]] (VDIM) system that incorporated formerly independent systems, including ESC. This worked not only after the skid was detected but also to prevent the skid from occurring in the first place. Using electric [[variable gear ratio steering]] power steering this more advanced system could also alter steering gear ratios and steering torque levels to assist the driver in evasive maneuvers.

== Effectiveness ==

Numerous studies around the world confirm that ESC is highly effective in helping the driver maintain control of the car, thereby saving lives and reducing the severity of crashes.<ref>[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a784407554~db=all~tab=content~order=page The Effectiveness of Electronic Stability Control in Reducing Real-World Crashes: A Literature Review - Traffic Injury Prevention]</ref> In the fall of 2004 in the U.S., the [[National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration]] confirmed the international studies, releasing results of a field study in the U.S. of ESC effectiveness. The NHTSA in United States concluded that ESC reduces crashes by 35%. Additionally, [[Sport utility vehicle]]s (SUVs) with stability control are involved in 67% fewer accidents than SUVs without the system. The United States [[Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] (IIHS) issued its own study in June 2006 showing that up to 10,000 fatal US crashes could be avoided annually if all vehicles were equipped with ESC<ref>[http://www.iihs.org/news/rss/pr061306.html IIHS news release]</ref> The IIHS study concluded that ESC reduces the likelihood of all fatal crashes by 43%, fatal single-vehicle crashes by 56%, and fatal single-vehicle rollovers by 77-80%.

ESC is described as the most important advance in auto safety by many experts.<ref>{{Citation | title=EU Commission, FIA, And Euro NCAP Recommend 'No Car Without ESP'| url=http://www.carpages.co.uk/news/esp-09-05-07.asp | accessdate = 2007-12-28}}</ref> including Nicole Nason,<ref>{{Citation | title=U.S. to Require Anti-Rollover Technology on New Cars by 2012
| url=http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2006/09/15/72448.htm | accessdate = 2007-12-28}}</ref> Administrator of the NHTSA,<ref name=cbc>{{Citation | title=U.S. set to mandate Anti-Rollover Technology vehicles | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2006/09/13/auto-stability.html | accessdate = 2007-12-28 | publisher=[[CBC.ca]] | date=2006-09-13}}</ref> Jim Guest and David Champion<ref>{{Citation | title=Stability system called the best thing since seat belts | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/06/13/MNG7UJD1451.DTL | accessdate = 2007-12-28 | publisher=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] | first=Michael | last=Taylor | date=2006-06-13}}</ref> of Consumers Union <ref>[http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/resources/streaming/PDFs/2007annualreport.pdf Consumers Union Annual Report 2007]</ref> of the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA), [[E-Safety Aware]],<ref>[http://www.esafetyaware.eu/download/related_documents/esafetyaware_flyer.pdf "Bringing life-saving vehicle technology to market,"]</ref> Csaba Csere, editor of Car and Driver,<ref>{{Citation | title=The Greatest Advance in Safety Since Seatbelts | url=http://www.caranddriver.com/columns/9036/the-greatest-advance-in-safety-since-seatbelts.html?al=128 | accessdate = 2007-12-28}}</ref> and Jim Gill, long time ESC proponent of [[Continental Automotive Systems]]<ref name=cbc/> The European New Car Assessment Program (EuroNCAP) "strongly recommends" that people buy cars fitted with stability control.

The IIHS requires that a vehicle must have ESC as an available option in order for it to qualify for their ''Top Safety Pick'' award for occupant protection and accident avoidance.<ref>[http://www.iihs.org/news/rss/pr112106.html IIHS news release]</ref><ref>[http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/cars/new-cars/news/2007/04/top-picks-for-2007-4-07/overview/0704_top-picks-2007.htm ConsumerReports.org - Top Picks 2008]</ref>

== Components and design ==

ESC incorporates [[attitude control|yaw rate control]] into the [[anti-lock braking system]] (ABS). Yaw is a rotation around the vertical axis; i.e. spinning left or right. Anti-lock brakes enable ESC to brake individual wheels. Many ESC systems also incorporate a [[traction control system]] (TCS or ASR), which senses drive-wheel slip under acceleration and individually brakes the slipping wheel or wheels and/or reduces excess engine power until control is regained. However, ESC achieves a different purpose than ABS or Traction Control.<ref name=autogenerated3/>

The ESC system uses several [[sensor]]s to determine what the driver wants (input). Other sensors indicate the actual state of the vehicle (response). The control algorithm compares driver input to vehicle response and decides, when necessary, to apply brakes and/or reduce throttle by the amounts calculated through the [[state space (controls)|state space]] (set of equations used to model the dynamics of the vehicle).<ref>[http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2000-01-1633 Anton Van Zanton, "Bosch Esp Systems: 5 Years of Experience," SAE 2000-01-1633]</ref> The ESC controller can also receive data from and issue commands to other controllers on the vehicle such as an all wheel drive system or an active suspension system to improve vehicle stability and controllability.

The sensors used for ESC have to send data at all times in order to detect possible defects as soon as possible. They have to be resistant to possible forms of interference (rain, holes in the road, etc.). The most important sensors are:
*Steering wheel angle sensor: determines the driver's intended rotation; i.e. where the driver wants to steer. This kind of sensor is often based on [[magnetoresistance|AMR-elements]].
*[[Yaw rate sensor]] : measures the rotation rate of the car; i.e. how much the car is actually turning. The data from the yaw sensor is compared with the data from the steering wheel angle sensor to determine regulating action.
*Lateral acceleration sensor: often based on the [[Hall effect]]{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}. Measures the lateral acceleration of the vehicle.
*[[Wheel speed sensor]] : measures the wheel speed.

Other sensors can include:
*Longitudinal acceleration sensor: similar to the lateral acceleration sensor in design but can offer additional information about road pitch and also provide another source of vehicle acceleration and speed.
*Roll rate sensor: similar to the yaw rate sensor in design but improves the fidelity of the controller's vehicle model and correct for errors when estimating vehicle behavior from the other sensors alone.

ESC uses a hydraulic modulator to assure that each wheel receives the correct brake force. A similar modulator is used in [[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]]. ABS needs to reduce pressure during braking, only. ESC additionally needs to increase pressure in certain situations and an active vacuum brake booster unit may be utilized in addition to the hydraulic pump to meet these demanding pressure gradients.

The brain of the ESC system is the [[electronic control unit]] (ECU). The various control techniques are embedded in it. Often, the same ECU is used for diverse systems at the same time ([[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]], [[Traction control system]], climate control, etc.).
The input signals are sent through the input-circuit to the digital controller. The desired vehicle state is determined based upon the steering wheel angle, its gradient and the wheel speed. Simultaneously, the yaw sensor measures the actual state. The controller computes the needed brake or acceleration force for each wheel and directs via the driver circuits the valves of the hydraulic modulator.
Via a [[Controller Area Network]] interface the ECU is connected with other systems ([[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]], etc.) in order to avoid giving contradictory commands.

Many ESC systems have an "off" override switch so the driver can disable ESC, which may be desirable when badly stuck in mud or snow, or driving on a beach, or if using a smaller-sized [[spare tire]] which would interfere with the sensors. Some systems also offer an additional mode with raised thresholds so that a driver can utilize the limits of adhesion with less electronic intervention. However, ESC defaults to "On" when the ignition is re-started. Some ESC systems that lack an "off switch", such as on many recent [[Toyota]] and [[Lexus]] vehicles, can be temporarily disabled through an undocumented series of brake pedal and handbrake operations.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.automobilemag.com/features/news/0601_lexus_gs430_vsc/index.html | title = How to switch off VSC on a Lexus GS430 | publisher = Automobile Magazine }}</ref> Furthermore, unplugging a wheel speed sensor is another method of disabling most ESC systems. The ESC implementation on newer [[Ford]] vehicles cannot be completely disabled even through the use of the "off switch". The ESC will automatically reactivate at highway speeds, and below that if it detects a skid with the brake pedal depressed.

== Availability and cost ==

ESC is built on top of an anti-lock brake ([[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]]) system, and all ESC-equipped vehicles are fitted with [[traction control system|traction control]]. The ESC components include a [[yaw rate sensor]], a lateral acceleration sensor, a steering wheel sensor, and an upgraded integrated control unit. According to [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]] (NHTSA) research, [[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]] in 2005 cost an estimated [[United States dollar|US$]]368; ESC cost a further US$111. The retail price of ESC varies; as a stand-alone option it retails for as little as $250 USD.<ref name="usatoday.com">[http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/reviews/healey/2008-03-20-toyota-corolla_N.htm New Toyota Corolla solid but not very exciting]</ref> However, ESC is rarely offered as a sole option, and is generally not available for aftermarket installation. Instead, it is frequently bundled it with other features or more expensive trims, so the cost of a package that includes ESC could be several thousand dollars. Nonetheless, ESC is considered highly cost-effective<ref>[http://www.chooseesc.eu/download/press/University%20of%20Cologne_ESC_cost_benefit.pdf Cost-Benefit-Analysis of the Electronic Stability Program (ESP)]</ref> and it might pay for itself in reduced insurance premiums.<ref>{{cite web | date = 2008-01-29 | url = http://www.wisbusiness.com/index.iml?Article=116777 | title = Farmers Insurance Introduces Auto Insurance Electronic Stability Control (ESC) Discount In Wisconsin | work = WisBusiness | publisher = WisPolitics | accessdate = 2008-10-23}}</ref> When new federal regulations requiring a safety tool called electronic stability control kick in during 2012, all cars will employ it.<ref>[http://redtape.msnbc.com/2010/03/toyota-woes-raise-ghost-in-the-machine-fears.html]</ref>

Availability of ESC in passenger vehicles varies between manufacturers and countries. In 2007, ESC was available in roughly 50% of new North American models compared to about 75% in Sweden. However, consumer awareness affects buying patterns so that roughly 45% of vehicles sold in North America and the UK are purchased with ESC,<ref>[http://www.thatcham.org/esc/ Electronic Stability Control]</ref> contrasting with 78-96% in other European countries such as Germany, Denmark, and Sweden. While few vehicles had ESC prior to 2004, increased awareness will increase the number of vehicles with ESC on the used car market.

ESC is available on cars, SUVs and pickup trucks from all major auto makers. Luxury cars, sports cars, SUVs, and crossovers are usually equipped with ESC. Midsize cars are also gradually catching on, though the 2008 model years of the [[Nissan Altima]] and [[Ford Fusion (Americas)|Ford Fusion]] only offered ESC on their V6 engine-equipped cars. While ESC includes traction control, there are vehicles such as the 2008 [[Chevrolet Malibu]] LS and 2008 [[Mazda6]] that have traction control but not ESC. ESC is rare among subcompact cars as of 2008. The 2009 [[Toyota Corolla]] in the United States (but not Canada) has stability control as a $250 option on all trims below that of the XRS which has it as standard.<ref name="usatoday.com"/> In Canada, for the 2010 Mazda3, ESC is as an option on the midrange GS trim as part of the moonroof package, and is standard on the top-of-the-line GT version.<ref>[http://www.mazda.ca/Configurator/pdfs/eng/2010_Mazda3Sport_EN_EquipmentWalk.pdf 2010 Mazda 3 Equipment]</ref> The 2009 Ford Focus has ESC as an option for the S and SE models, and standard on the SEL and SES models<ref>[http://www.wheels.ca/article/545308 2009 Ford Focus: zeroing in on comfort rather than sportiness]</ref>

ESC is also available on some motor homes. Elaborate ESC and ESP systems (including [[Roll Stability Control]] (RSC)<ref>[http://www.esafetysupport.org/en/learn_about_esafety_systems/esafety_systems/roll_stability_control_system_rsc.htm Roll Stability Control system (RSC)]</ref>) are available for many commercial vehicles,<ref>[http://www.bendix.com/Lists/Bendix%20News/Attachments/122/Bendix_ESP_update.pdf BENDIX ELECTRONIC STABILITY EXPERIENCES 800 PERCENT GROWTH]</ref> including transport trucks, trailers, and buses from manufacturers such as [[Bendix Corporation]],<ref>[http://www.bendix.com/en-us/products/abs/Pages/ABS6.aspx Bendix ESP: More than roll-only stability, FULL Stability…]</ref> [[WABCO]] <ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.meritorwabco.com/rsc.asp Meritor WABCO - Products - System Saver Air Dryers]</ref> [[Daimler AG|Daimler]], [[Scania AB]],<ref>[http://www.scania.ie/bus_coach/technology/eps/ Electronic Stability Program]</ref> and [[Prevost]],<ref>[http://www.prevostcar.com/cgi-bin/pages.cgi?page=sh_esp_passenger Prevost – Passenger coaches and bus shells manufacturer]</ref> and light passenger vehicles.<ref name=fordrsc/><ref name=fordescrsc>[http://sites.google.com/site/jianbolu/PUBLICATION/SAE07.pdf Jianbo Lu, Dave Messih, Albert Salib, and Dave Harmison, "An Enhancement to an Electronic Stability Control System to Include a Rollover Control Function," SAE Transactions, Vol. 116, pp. 303–313, 2007]</ref>

The [http://www.chooseesc.eu ''ChooseESC!''] campaign, run by the EU's [http://www.esafetyaware.eu ''eSafetyAware!''] project, provides a global perspective on ESC. One ''ChooseESC!'' publication shows the availability of ESC in EU member countries.

In the US, the [[Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] (IIHS) website<ref>[http://www.iihs.org/ratings/esc/esc.aspx Vehicles equipped with ESC]</ref> shows availability of ESC in individual US models and the [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]] (NHTSA website)<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/portal/site/nhtsa/menuitem.012c081c5966f0ca3253ab10cba046a0/ Electronic Stability Control (ESC) | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) | U.S. Department of Transportation]</ref> lists US models with ESC.

In [[Australia]], the ''National Roads and Motorists' Association'' [[NRMA]] shows the availability of ESC in Australian models.<ref>[http://www.nrma.com.au/keeping-safe-secure/car-safety/esc/index.shtml ''Electronic Stability Control (ESC)'', NRMA - retrieved 18 Sept 09]</ref>

== Future ==

The market for ESC is growing quickly, especially in European countries such as Sweden, Denmark, and Germany. For example, in 2003 in Sweden the purchase rate on new cars with ESC was 15%. The Swedish road safety administration issued a strong ESC recommendation and in September 2004, 16 months later, the purchase rate was 58%. A stronger ESC recommendation was then given and in December 2004, the purchase rate on new cars had reached 69%<ref>[http://www.vv.se/filer/30825/11_1_antisladdsystem.pdf ESC Effectiveness]</ref> and by 2008 it had grown to 96%. ESC advocates around the world are promoting increased ESC use through legislation and public awareness campaigns and by 2012, most new vehicles should be equipped with ESC.

Just as ESC is founded on the [[Anti-lock braking system]] (ABS), ESC is the foundation for new advances such as [[Roll Stability Control]] (RSC) <ref name=fordrsc/><ref name=fordescrsc/>
that works in the vertical plane much like ESC works in the horizontal plane. When RSC detects impending rollover (usually on transport trucks<ref name=autogenerated2 /> or SUVs<ref>[http://www.canadiandriver.com/articles/jk/021127.htm CanadianDriver: Auto Tech - Volvo's Roll Stability Control]</ref>), RSC applies brakes, reduces throttle, induces understeer, and/or slows down the vehicle.

The computing power of ESC facilitates the networking of active and passive safety systems, addressing other causes of crashes. For example, sensors may detect when a vehicle is following too closely and slow down the vehicle, straighten up seat backs, and tighten seat belts, avoiding and/or preparing for a crash.

== Regulation ==

While Sweden used public awareness campaigns to promote ESC use,<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-01/esv/esv19/05-0135-O.pdf Anders Lie, Claes Tingvall, Maria Krafft, and Anders Kullgren, "The Effectiveness of ESC (Electronic Stability Control) in Reducing Real Life Crashes and Injuries," Proceedings of the 19th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference, 2005 ]</ref> others implemented or proposed legislation.

The Canadian province of Quebec was the first jurisdiction to implement an ESC law, making it compulsory for carriers of dangerous goods (without data recorders) in 2005.<ref>[http://www.mtq.gouv.qc.ca/portal/page/portal/entreprises_en/camionnage/matieres_dangereuses/reglement/reglement_modifiant_reglement_transport_matiere_dangeureuses Roll Stability Control system (RSC)]</ref>

The United States was next, requiring ESC for all passenger vehicles under 10,000 pounds (4536 kg), phasing in the regulation starting with 55% of 2009 models (effective 1 September 2008), 75% of 2010 models, 95% of 2011 models, and all 2012 models.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

Canada<ref>[http://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp14651/vs200701/menu.htm Electronic Stability Control]</ref><ref>[http://www.princegeorgecitizen.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=105366&Itemid=159 Prince George Citizen - MPs car safety bill reaches Parliament]</ref> will require all new passenger vehicles to have ESC from 1 September 2011.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/consumer/story/2009/03/13/stability-regulation.html Transport Canada to require lifesaving vehicle stability control system]</ref>

The Australian Government announced on 23 June 2009 that ESC would be compulsory from 1 November 2011 for all new passenger vehicles sold in Australia, and for all new vehicles from November 2013.<ref>[http://www.caradvice.com.au/33443/govt-makes-esc-manadatory-from-2011/ Australian Government mandates ESC 2011]</ref>

The European Parliament has also called for the accelerated introduction of ESC.<ref>[http://www.esafetysupport.org/en/news/european_parliament_adopts_intelligent_car_report_02.htm eSafetySupport.org European Parliament adopts Intelligent Car Report]</ref> The European Commission has confirmed a proposal for the mandatory introduction of ESC on all new cars and commercial vehicle models sold in the EU from 2012, with all new cars being equipped by 2014.<ref>[http://carscoop.blogspot.com/2008/05/eu-electronic-stability-control-to-be.html EU: Electronic Stability Control to be Standard on all Vehicles from 2014 - Carscoop]</ref>

The [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] has passed a Global Technical Regulation to harmonize ESC standards.<ref>[http://www.vdo.com/press/releases-conti/chassis_safety/2008/pm-2008-07-07-esc-en.htm Press Release: Continental: United Nations Group Action on Electronic Stability Control Helps Advance Auto Safety Worldwide]</ref>

==Product names==

{{Ref improve section|date=October 2009}}
Electronic stability control (ESC) is the generic term recognised by the [[European Automobile Manufacturers Association]] (ACEA), the North American [[Society of Automotive Engineers]] (SAE), the [[Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association]], and other worldwide authorities. However, vehicle manufacturers may use a variety of different trade names for ESC:
*[[Acura]]: '''Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA)'''
*[[Alfa Romeo]]: '''Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)'''
*[[Audi]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Bentley]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[BMW]]: '''Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)''' (including Dynamic Traction Control)
*[[Bugatti]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Buick]]: '''StabiliTrak'''
*[[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]: '''StabiliTrak & Active Front Steering (AFS)'''
*[[Chery Automobile]]: '''Electronic Stability Program'''
*[[Chevrolet]]: '''StabiliTrak'''; '''Active Handling''' (Corvette only)
*[[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]]: '''Electronic Stability Program(ESP)'''
*[[Citroën]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Dodge]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Daimler AG|Daimler]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Fiat]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)''' and '''Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)'''
*[[Ferrari]]: '''Controllo Stabilità (CST)'''
*[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]: '''AdvanceTrac with Roll Stability Control (RSC)''' and '''Interactive Vehicle Dynamics (IVD)''' and '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''; '''Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)''' (Australia only)
*[[General Motors]]: '''StabiliTrak'''
*[[Honda]]: '''Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA)'''
*[[Holden]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Hyundai]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)''', '''Electronic Stability Control (ESC)''' and '''Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA)'''
*[[Infiniti]]: '''Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)'''
*[[Jaguar (car)|Jaguar]]: '''Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)'''
*[[Jeep]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Kia Motors|Kia]]: '''Electronic Stability Control (ESC)''' and '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Lamborghini]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Land Rover]]: '''Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)'''
*[[Lexus]]: '''[[Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management]] (VDIM)''' with '''Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)'''
*[[Lincoln (automobile)|Lincoln]]: '''AdvanceTrac'''
*[[Maserati]]: '''Maserati Stability Program (MSP)'''
*[[Mazda]]: '''Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)''' (including Dynamic Traction Control)
*[[Mercedes-Benz]] (co-inventor): '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Mercury (automobile)|Mercury]]: '''AdvanceTrac'''
*[[BMW MINI|MINI]]: '''Dynamic Stability Control'''
*[[Mitsubishi]]: '''Active Skid and Traction Control MULTIMODE''' and '''Active Stability Control (ASC)'''
*[[Nissan Motors|Nissan]]: '''Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)'''
*[[Oldsmobile]]: '''Precision Control System (PCS)'''
*[[Opel]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Peugeot]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Pontiac]]: '''StabiliTrak'''
*[[Porsche]]: '''Porsche Stability Management (PSM)'''
*[[Proton (carmaker)|Proton]]: '''Electronic Stability Program'''
*[[Renault]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Rover Group]]: '''Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)'''
*[[Saab Automobile|Saab]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Saturn Corporation|Saturn]]: '''StabiliTrak'''
*[[Scania (company)|Scania]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''<ref>{{cite web|title=SCANIA - Electronic Stability Program (ESP)|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/trucks/main-components/chassis/safety-systems/esp/|work=Scania (Great Britain) Limited|publisher=Scania.co.uk|accessdate=5 October 2009}}</ref>
*[[SEAT]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Škoda Auto|Škoda]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Smart (automobile)|Smart]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Subaru]]: '''Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC)'''
*[[Suzuki]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Toyota Motor Corporation|Toyota]]: '''Either Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)''' or '''Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM)'''
*[[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''
*[[Volvo Cars|Volvo]]: '''Dynamic Stability and Traction Control (DSTC)'''
*[[Volkswagen]]: '''Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'''

==System manufacturers==
ESC system manufacturers include:
* [[Robert Bosch GmbH]]
* [[Aisin Seiki Co.|Aisin Advics]]<ref>[http://www.aisin.com/product/automotive/brake/index.html ADVICS ESC Modulator]</ref>
* [[Bendix Corporation]]
* [[Continental Automotive Systems]]
* [[BeijingWest Industries]]
* [[Hitachi, Ltd.|Hitachi]]
* [[ITT Corporation|ITT Automotive]], since 1998 part of [[Continental AG]]
* [[Johnson Electric]]<ref>[http://www.johnsonelectric.com/en/industry-served/automotive/]</ref>
* [[Mando Corporation]]
* [[Nisshin#日信|Nissin Kogyo]]
* [[Teves]], now part of [[Continental AG]]
* [[TRW]]
* [[Westinghouse Air Brake Company|WABCO]]
* [[Hyundai Mobis]]
* [[Knorr-Bremse]]<ref>[http://www.knorr-bremse.de/en/commercialvehicles/products_1/electronicsystems/electronicsystems.jsp]</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.bosch-escential.com/us/language1/index.html Bosch ESC Information]
*[http://www.ChooseESC.eu/ '''ChooseESC!''' a combined initiative from the [[European Commission]], eSafetyAware, and [[Euro NCAP]]]
*[http://www.esafetysupport.org/en/media_centre/press_coverage/ E-Safety list of ESC Media Articles from eSafety Support]
*[http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/portal/site/nhtsa/menuitem.012c081c5966f0ca3253ab10cba046a0/ NHTSA on ESC including US Regulation and list of US vehicles with ESC]
*[http://www.dot.gov.nt.ca/_live/documents/documentManagerUpload/Electronic%20Stability.pdf Canadian Association of Road Safety Professionals on ESC]
*[http://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp14651/vs200701/menu.htm/ Transport Canada on ESC]
*[http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/Home/RoadSafety/VehicleSafety/Electronic+Stability+Control.htm Australia (Victoria) on ESC]
*[http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2006/09/nhtsa_stability.html NHTSA announces mandatory ESC all light US vehicles by 2012]
*[http://www.princegeorgecitizen.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=105366&Itemid=159 Proposed Canadian ESC Law]
*[http://www.europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/1710 European ESC Mandate for Trucks and Coaches]
*[http://www.roadsafe.com/magazine/2007summer/fleets_play_pivitol.html European ESC Campaign]
*[http://www.cbc.ca/consumer/story/2007/10/30/esc-canada.html Glen Nicholson, "ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL (ESC),"ISSUE 2007, Number 3, The Official Newsletter of the Canadian Association of Road Safety Professionals]
*[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-01/esv/esv19/05-0135-O.pdf Anders Lie, Claes Tingvall, Maria Krafft, and Anders Kullgren, "The Effectiveness of ESC (Electronic Stability Control) in Reducing Real Life Crashes and Injuries," of the 19th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference, 2005]
*[http://www.sciencealert.com.au/news/20072111-16620.html Australian (Monash) ESC Study]
*[http://www.carcrash.org/mediaweb/00003.pdf G. Bahouth, "REAL WORLD CRASH EVALUATION OF VEHICLE STABILITY CONTROL (VSC) TECHNOLOGY,"]
*[http://idisk.mac.com/mpaineau-Public/PAINE_ESC_TESTS.pdf Michael Paine,"ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL: REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND REGULATIONS," Prepared for ROADS AND TRAFFIC AUTHORITY OF NSW, 2005]
*[http://www.whatcar.com/news-article.aspx?NA=219916 UK ESC Video by ''What Car'']
*[http://www.howsafeisyourcar.com.au/electronic_stability_control.php Four Little Words: "Does it have ESC?"]
*[http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=2431526 ABC News ESC Video]

{{AutomotiveHandlingNav}}

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[[Category:Automotive technologies]]
[[Category:Automotive safety technologies]]
[[Category:Aerospace]]
[[Category:Auto parts]]
[[Category:Automotive technology tradenames]]
[[Category:Mechanical power control]]

[[bg:ESP]]
[[cs:Elektronický stabilizační program]]
[[da:Elektronisk stabilitetsprogram]]
[[de:Fahrdynamikregelung]]
[[el:Ηλεκτρονικός έλεγχος ευστάθειας]]
[[es:Control de estabilidad]]
[[fr:ESP (Véhicule)]]
[[it:Controllo elettronico della stabilità]]
[[he:בקרת יציבות]]
[[id:Kontrol Stabilitas Elektronik]]
[[hu:ESP]]
[[nl:Electronic stability program]]
[[ja:横滑り防止装置]]
[[no:Elektronisk stabilitetskontroll]]
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[[ro:Controlul Electronic al Stabilității]]
[[ru:Электронный контроль устойчивости]]
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[[fi:Ajonvakautusjärjestelmä]]
[[sv:Elektronisk stabilitetskontroll]]
[[tr:Elektronik Denge Programı]]
[[zh:电子稳定程序]]

C10k problem

2011-09-11T07:53:07Z

Lord fabs: Rewritten introduction, hopefully better.

{{Primary sources|date=January 2010}}
The '''C10k problem'''<ref name=C10K>[http://www.kegel.com/c10k.html The C10K problem]</ref> refers to the problem of optimising [[web server]] software to handle a large number of clients at the same time (hence the name C10k - ten thousand connections). The problem of web server optimisation has been studied because a number of factors must be considered to allow a web server to support many clients. This can involve a combination of operating system constraints and web server software limitations.{{elucidate|date=April 2011|reason=and those limitations are? Presumably max # of threads is at least part of it, given comments in the below section. Are there particular OSes that do or don't contribute to the problem?}}

While there are some specialized web servers that can handle more than ten thousand client connections, most web servers currently handle at most ten thousand clients simultaneously.

The problem's name is a [[numeronym]] for "ten thousand clients".<ref name=C10K/>

== Servers which address the problem ==
A few web servers have been developed to counter the C10K problem:

* [[nginx]], which relies on an event-driven ([[asynchronous]]) architecture, instead of [[thread (computer science)|thread]]s, to handle requests ([[WordPress.com]] uses nginx to solve the C10K problem)<ref>[http://wiki.nginx.org/Main nginx wiki]</ref>
* [[Lighttpd]], which relies on an asynchronous architecture to handle requests<ref>[http://redmine.lighttpd.net/wiki/1/DevelProblemAndSolution Solution of lighttpd of C10k problem]</ref>
* [[Cherokee (Webserver)|Cherokee]], a lightweight web server<ref>[http://www.cherokee-project.com/ Cherokee project server homepage]</ref>
* [[Tornado (web server)|Tornado]], a non-blocking web server and [[web application framework]]<ref>http://www.tornadoweb.org/</ref>
* [http://www.deftserver.org/ Deft], asynchronous, non-blocking web server running on the [[JVM]]
* [[JBoss Netty]], a NIO client server framework which enables quick and easy development of network applications such as protocol servers and clients<ref>http://www.jboss.org/netty</ref>
* [[Node.js]], asynchronous, non-blocking web server running on [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|Google's V8]] JavaScript engine<ref>http://nodejs.org/</ref>
* [[EventMachine]], a popular, asynchronous, non-blocking web server running on Ruby [http://rubyeventmachine.com/ EventMachine]
* [[Yaws (web server)|Yaws]], a web server written in [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]]; profiting from Erlang's extremely lightweight processes.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.kegel.com/c10k.html The C10K problem]

{{web-stub}}

[[Category:Web server software]]

[[fa:مشکل C10k]]
[[fr:C10k problem]]
[[ru:Проблема 10000 соединений]]
[[uk:Проблема 10000 з’єднань]]

OpenLeaks

2011-08-24T16:22:12Z

Lord fabs:

{{Infobox website
|name = OpenLeaks
|logo = [[File:OpenLeaks logo.png|Logo of OpenLeaks|150px]]
|logocaption =
|screenshot = [[File:OpenLeaks homepage.png|300px]]
|collapsible = yes
|collapsetext =
|caption =
|url = [http://www.openleaks.org openleaks.org] [http://www.openleaks.net openleaks.net] [http://www.openleaks.rs openleaks.rs] [http://www.openleaks.ws openleaks.ws]
|slogan =
|commercial =
|type = [[Whistleblower|Whistleblowing]]
|registration =
|language = English
|content license =
|owner =
|author =
|launch date = January 2011
|alexa = {{decrease}} 262,000 (July 2011)<ref name=alexa />
|revenue =
|current status =
|footnotes =
}}
'''OpenLeaks''' is a [[whistleblower|whistleblowing]] website which has yet to become active. It aims "at making whistleblowing safer and more widespread".<ref name=openleaks />

==History==
The OpenLeaks project was founded in September 2010.<ref name=about /> Domscheit-Berg said the intention of OpenLeaks was to be more transparent than [[WikiLeaks]]. "In these last months, the Wikileaks organisation has not been open any more. It lost its open-source promise."<ref name=aljazeera />

==Team members==
Openleaks have two public contacts, [[Daniel Domscheit-Berg]] and Herbert Snorrason, both previously involved in WikiLeaks.<ref name=about />

==Conduit==
Instead of publishing the documents, OpenLeaks will send the leaked documents to various news entities or publishers.<ref>Greenberg, Andy, "[http://www.forbes.com/global/2011/0117/companies-daniel-domscheit-berg-indoleaks-wikileaks-stepchildren.html WikiLeaks' Stepchildren]", ''[[Forbes Magazine|Forbes]]'', 17 January 2011, p. 20.</ref>

At the time of its announcement, WikiLeaks was facing a number of threats: founder [[Julian Assange]] had been arrested in [[Swedish Judicial Authority v Julian Assange|connection with sexual assault charges]]; the site had issues finding safe [[DNS]] and web hosting; and many companies had blocked payment to the site. According to Domscheit-Berg's initial statements, he expected OpenLeaks to bypass WikiLeaks problems by serving only as a safe conduit for whistleblowers to leak information, which would then be passed on to the press, instead of acting as a publisher itself. The organization also intends to be democratically governed, rather than being run by one person or a small group.<ref name=Greenberg /><ref name=businessinsider /> "Our long term goal is to build a strong, transparent platform to support whistleblowers — both in terms of technology and politics — while at the same time encouraging others to start similar projects," says a colleague wishing to remain anonymous.<ref name=dn />

==See also==
{{Portal box|Internet}}
* [[Accountability]]
* [[Freedom of information]]
* [[Freedom of the press]]
* [[Transparency (social)]]
* [[Information security]]
* [[Digital rights]]
* [[Chilling Effects (group)]]
* [[Open society]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name=alexa>{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/openleaks.org# |title=Site Info |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate=14 July 2011}}</ref>

<ref name=openleaks>{{cite web |url=http://www.openleaks.org/ |title=OpenLeaks |publisher=OpenLeaks |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref>

<ref name=aljazeera>{{cite news |title=Copycat WikiLeaks sites make waves |first=Ben |last=Piven |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2010/12/20101216194828514847.html |newspaper=[[Al Jazeera English]] |date=17 December 2010 |accessdate=19 December 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=about>{{cite web |url=http://www.openleaks.org/content/about.shtml |title=About OpenLeaks |publisher=OpenLeaks |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref>

<ref name=businessinsider>{{cite news |title=Key People From Wikileaks Are Ditching "Emperor" Assange To Form A New Site |first=Gus |last=Lubin |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/openleaks-2010-12 |newspaper=[[Business Insider]] |date=9 December 2010 |accessdate=11 December 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=Greenberg>{{cite web |title=Ex-WikiLeaker Explains His Spinoff Group, OpenLeaks |first=Andy |last=Greenberg |url=http://blogs.forbes.com/andygreenberg/2010/12/09/how-openleaks-the-first-wikileaks-spinoff-will-work/ |publisher=[[Forbes]] |date=9 December 2010 |accessdate=9 December 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=dn>{{cite news |title="A new WikiLeaks" revolts against Assange |first=Ossi |last=Carp |url=http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/a-new-wikileaks-revolts-against-assange-1.1224764 |newspaper=[[Dagens Nyheter]] |date=9 December 2010 |accessdate=11 December 2010}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* [http://openleaks.org OpenLeaks]
* [http://blog.openleaks.org OpenLeaks official blog]

{{WikiLeaks}}

[[Category:Whistleblowing]]
[[Category:Websites]]
[[Category:WikiLeaks]]

{{website-stub}}
{{activism-stub}}

[[bcl:Openleaks]]
[[bg:OpenLeaks]]
[[ca:OpenLeaks]]
[[da:OpenLeaks]]
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[[fa:اپن لیکس]]
[[fr:OpenLeaks]]
[[ko:오픈리크스]]
[[no:OpenLeaks]]
[[pfl:OpenLeaks]]
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[[sv:Openleaks]]
[[vi:OpenLeaks]]
[[zh:公開解密]]

Demographics of Australia

2011-08-23T12:36:46Z

Lord fabs: /* Country of birth */

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2008}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:8px;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Demographics of Australia [[Image:Flag of Australia.svg|30px]]
|-
! style="width:9em;" | Indicator
! Rank
! Measure
|-
! colspan="3" | Population
|-
| [[List of countries by population|Population]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 50th
| style="text-align:center;" | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 22660484 + (86400 / 97) * {{Age in days|2011|7|25}} round 0}}}}
|-
! colspan="3" | Economy
|-
| [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP) per capita]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 16th
| style="text-align:center;" | [[International dollar|$]]32,938
|-
| [[GNP]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 18th
| style="text-align:center;" | [[International dollar|$]]35,900
|-
| [[List of countries by unemployment rate|Unemployment rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ↓ 57th
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.30%
|-
| [[List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita|CO2 emissions]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 12th
| style="text-align:center;" | 18[[Tonne|t]]†
|-
| [[List of countries by electricity consumption|Electricity consumption]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 16th
| style="text-align:center;" | 200.70[[Watt-hour|TWh]]
|-
| [[List of countries by economic freedom|Economic freedom]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| style="text-align:center;" | 82.5
|-
! colspan="3" | Politics
|-
| [[List of countries by Human Development Index|Human Development Index]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| style="text-align:center;" | 0.937
|-
| [[Freedom in the World|Political freedom]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st (equal)*
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
|-
| [[Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption (A higher score means less (perceived) corruption.)]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ↓ 8th
| style="text-align:center;" | 8.7
|-
| [[Press Freedom Index|Press freedom]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 18th
| style="text-align:center;" | 5.38
|-
! colspan="3" | Society
|-
| [[List of countries by literacy rate|Literacy Rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 21st
| style="text-align:center;" | 99%
|-
| [[Internet access worldwide#Broadband subscribers in OECD countries|Broadband uptake]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 17th
| style="text-align:center;" | 13.8%
|-
| [[Beer consumption by country|Beer consumption]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.49 L†
|-
! colspan="3" | Health
|-
| [[List of countries by life expectancy|Life Expectancy]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| style="text-align:center;" | 81.2
|-
| [[List of countries by birth rate|Birth rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 148th
| style="text-align:center;" | 13.8‡
|-
| [[List of countries and territories by fertility rate|Fertility rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 137th
| style="text-align:center;" | 1.969††
|-
| [[List of countries by infant mortality rate (2005)|Infant mortality]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 202nd
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.57‡‡
|-
| [[List of countries by death rate|Death rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 122nd
| style="text-align:center;" | 7.56‡
|-
| [[List of countries by suicide rate|Suicide Rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 33rd
| style="text-align:center;" | ♂ 20.1†‡ ♀ 5.3†‡
|-
| [[List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate|HIV/AIDS rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 108th
| style="text-align:center;" | 0.10%
|-
! colspan="3" | Notes
|-
| colspan="3" | ↓ indicates rank is in reverse order    (e.g. 1st is lowest) † per capita ‡ per 1000 people †† per woman ‡‡ per 1000 live births †‡ 100,000 people per year ♂ indicates males, ♀ indicates females
|}

This article is about the '''[[demographics|demographic]]''' features of the population of '''[[Australia]]''', including [[population density]], [[ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religions, and other aspects of the population.

The '''demographics of Australia''' covers basic statistics, most populous cities, ethnicity and religion. The population of Australia is estimated to be {{formatnum:{{#expr: 22660484 + (86400 / 97) * {{Age in days|2011|7|25}} round 0}}}} as of {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument|title=Population clock|work=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] website|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|accessdate=25 July 2011}} The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.</ref> Australia is the 50th most populous country in the world. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas.

Australia's population has grown from an estimated population of about 350,000 at the time of British settlement in 1788 due to [[Immigration to Australia|numerous waves of immigration]] during the period since. Also due to immigration, the European component of the population is declining as a percentage, as it is in many other Western countries.

Australia has scarcely more than two persons per square kilometre of total land area because most of the continent is desert or semi-desert. With 89% of its population living in urban areas, Australia is one of the world's [[Urbanization by country|most urbanised]] countries. <ref>http://data.worldbank.org/country/australia</ref> The life expectancy of Australia in 1999-2001 was 79.7 years, among the highest in the world.

==Indigenous population==

<onlyinclude>
{{See also|Indigenous Australians}}
The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of [[indigenous Australians]] to the continent of Australia places this [[human migration]] to at least 40,000 years ago most probably from the islands of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://media.uow.edu.au/news/2004/0917a/index.html|title=When did Australia’s earliest inhabitants arrive?|publisher=[[University of Wollongong]]|date=17 September 2004|accessdate=3 January 2009}}</ref>

These first inhabitants of Australia were originally [[hunter-gatherer]] peoples, who over the course of many succeeding generations diversified widely throughout the continent and its nearby islands. Although their technical culture remained static—depending on wood, bone, and stone tools and weapons—their spiritual and social life was highly complex. Most spoke several languages, and confederacies sometimes linked widely scattered tribal groups. Aboriginal population density ranged from one person per square mile along the coasts to one person per {{convert|35|sqmi|km2}} in the arid interior. Food procurement was usually a matter for the nuclear family, requiring an estimated 3 days of work per week. There was little large game, and outside of some communities in the more fertile south-east, they had no agriculture.

Australia may have been sighted by [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] sailors in 1701, and [[Netherlands|Dutch]] navigators landed on the forbidding coast of modern [[Western Australia]] several times during the 17th century. Captain [[James Cook]] claimed the east coast for [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] in 1770, the west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000,<ref name=ABS2008YBindigenous>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/bb8db737e2af84b8ca2571780015701e/68AE74ED632E17A6CA2573D200110075?opendocument|title=Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population|work=1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2008|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=7 February 2008|accessdate=3 January 2009}}</ref> divided into as many as 500 tribes{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} speaking many different languages. In the 2006 Census, 407,700 respondents declared they were [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]], 29,512 declared they were [[Torres Strait Islander]], and a further 17,811 declared they were both [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/a0dbf953e41d83d3ca257306000d514b!OpenDocument |title=2914.0.55.002 - 2006 Census of Population and Housing: Media Releases and Fact Sheets, 2006 |publisher=Abs.gov.au |date= |accessdate=7 September 2010}}</ref> After adjustments for undercount, the indigenous population as of end June 2006 was estimated to be 517,200, representing about 2.5% of the population.<ref name=ABS2008YBindigenous/>

Since the end of [[World War II]], efforts have been made both by the government and by the public to be more responsive to Aboriginal rights and needs. Today, many tribal Aborigines lead a settled traditional life in remote areas of northern, central, and western Australia. In the south, where most Aborigines are of mixed descent, most live in the cities.</onlyinclude>

== General Demographic statistics ==
[[Image:Population Pyramid- Australia 2005.svg|thumb|450px|Australia's age and gender structure in 2005, illustrated in a [[population pyramid]].<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/home/population%20pyramid%20preview Animated population pyramid]. Retrieved 24 January 2007.</ref>]]

Much of the data that follows has been derived from the [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] and the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]], through [[Census in Australia|censuses]].

===Population===
:{{formatnum:{{#expr: 22065 + 1.217 * {{Age in days|2009|12|4}} round 0}}000}} ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}})<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument Australian Official Population Clock]. The Australian Official Population Clock automatically updates daily at 00:00 UTC.</ref>

The following figures are ABS estimates for the resident population of Australia, based on the 2001 and 2006 Censuses and other data.
: 21,262,641 (July 2009 - CIA World Factbook)
: 21,180,632 (end December 2007 - preliminary)
: 20,848,760 (end December 2006 - preliminary)
: 20,544,064 (end December 2005)
: 20,252,132 (end December 2004)
: 20,011,882 (end December 2003)
: 19,770,963 (end December 2002)
: 19,533,972 (end December 2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/720767F97001A093CA25747100121A3F/$File/31010_dec%202007.pdf |title=3101.0 Australian Demographic Statistics (Dec 2007) |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=7 September 2010}}</ref>

===States and territories===
{{See also|States and territories of Australia}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:right;"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"
| style="width:25%;"| State/territory
| style="width:16%;"| Land area (km²)
| style="width:16%;"| Population (2006)
| style="width:16%;"| Population density (/km²)
| style="width:16%;"| % of population in capital
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Australian Capital Territory}}
| 2,358 || 344,200 || 137.53 || 99.6%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|New South Wales}}
| 800,642 || 6,967,200 || 8.44 || 63%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Victoria}}
| 227,416 || 5,297,600 || 23.87 || 71%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Queensland}}
| 1,730,648 || 4,279,400 || 2.26 || 46%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|South Australia}}
| 983,482 || 1,601,800|| 1.56 || 73.5%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Western Australia}}
| 2,529,875 || 2,163,200 || 0.79 || 73.4%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Tasmania}}
| 68,401 || 498,200 || 7.08 || 41%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Northern Territory}}
| 1,349,129 || 219,900 || 0.15 || 54%
|}

===Age structure===
:0-14 years: 19.3%
:15-64 years: 67.5%
:65 years and over: 13.2% (2008 estimate)<ref name=ABS2008YBpopsize/>

===Median age===
:Total: 37.3 years
:Male: 36.6 years
:Female: 38.1 years (2009 est.)

===Population growth rate===
[[Image:AUS population development 1788 to 2008.png|400px|thumb|right|The trend of population growth in Australia (thousands of persons). The rate of population growth changed significantly following the [[Australian gold rushes]], the [[Great depression]] and [[World War II]].]]
As of the end of June 2009 the [[population growth]] rate was 2.1%.<ref name=popincrease>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0e5fa1cc95cd093c4a2568110007852b/6949409dc8b8fb92ca256bc60001b3d1!OpenDocument|title=3101.0 - Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2008|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=2 December 2008|accessdate=3 January 2009}}</ref> This rate was based on estimates of:<ref name=popclock>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument|title=Population clock|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=2 January 2009}}</ref>
* one birth every 1 minute and 45 seconds,
* one death every 3 minutes and 40 seconds,
* a net gain of one international migrant every 1 minutes and 51 seconds leading to
* an overall total population increase of one person every 1 minutes and 11 seconds.

In 2009 the estimated rates were:
*[[Birth rate]] - 12.47 births/1,000 population (Rank 164)
*[[Mortality rate]] - 6.68 deaths/1,000 population (Rank 146)
*[[Net migration rate]] - 6.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population. (Rank 15)

At the time of [[Federation of Australia|Australian Federation]] in 1901, the rate of [[Population growth|natural increase]] was 14.9 persons per 1,000 population. The rate increased to a peak of 17.4 per thousand population in the years 1912, 1913 and 1914. During the [[Great Depression in Australia|Great Depression]], the rate declined to a low of 7.1 per thousand population in 1934 and 1935. Immediately after World War II the rate increased sharply as a result of the beginning of the [[post–World War II baby boom]] and the immigration of many young people who then had children in Australia, with a plateau of rates of over 13.0 persons per 1,000 population for every year from 1946 to 1962.

There has been a fall in the rate of natural increase since 1962 due to falling [[fertility]]. In 1971 the rate of natural increase was 12.7 persons per 1,000 population; a decade later it had fallen to 8.5. In 1996 the rate of natural increase fell below seven for the first time, with the downward trend continuing in the late 1990s. Population projections by the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicate that continued low fertility, combined with the increase in deaths from an ageing population, will result in natural increase falling below zero sometime in the mid 2030s. However in 2006 the [[total fertility rate|fertility rate]] rose to 1.81, one of the highest rate in the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], arguably as a result of some pro-fertility state and federal government campaigns, including the Federal Government's [[Baby Bonus#Australia|baby bonus]].

Since 1901, the crude death rate has fallen from about 12.2 deaths per 1,000 population to 6.4 deaths per 1,000 population in 2006.<ref name=ABS2008YBpopsize>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/bb8db737e2af84b8ca2571780015701e/72097B9A70C71596CA2573D20010FD0A?opendocument|title=Population Size and Growth|work=1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2008|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=7 February 2008|accessdate=3 January 2009}}</ref> (ppt){{Clarify|What is "ppt"?|date=September 2010}}

===Urbanisation===
: Urbanisation population: 89% of total population (2008)
: Rate of urbanisation: 1.2% annual rate of change (2005-2010)

===Sex ratio===
:At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
:Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
:15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
:65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female
:Total population: 1 male(s)/female (2009)

===Infant mortality rate===
:Total: 4.75 deaths/1,000 live births
:''country comparison to the world:'' 196
:Male: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births
:Female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

===Life expectancy at birth===
:Total: 81.63 years
:''country comparison to the world:'' 70
:Male: 79.25 years
:Female: 84.15 years

===Total fertility rate===
: 1.969 children born/woman (2008)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3301.02008?OpenDocument |title=3301.0 - Births, Australia, 2008 |publisher=Abs.gov.au |date=10 November 2009 |accessdate=7 September 2010}}</ref>
For more detailed regionwise TFR details see [[Birth rate and fertility rate in Australia]].
:''country comparison to the world:'' 159

===HIV/AIDS===
:Adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2007 est.)
:People living with HIV/AIDS: 18,000 (2007 est.)
:Deaths: less than 200 (2003 est.)<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html#People</ref>

===Country of birth===
[[Image:Australian PR COB 2006.PNG|right|thumb|450px|Countries of birth of Australian estimated resident population, 2006. Source:Australian Bureau of Statistics<ref name=abs34120_2005/>]]
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, in mid-2006 there were 4,956,863 residents who were born outside Australia, representing 24% of the total population.<ref name=abs34120_2005>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC001813E8/$File/34120_2005-06.pdf|title=Migration|page=48|work=2006 Census|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|format=PDF|date=29 March 2007|accessdate=6 June 2011}} (table 6.6)</ref> The Australian-resident population comprises people born in these countries:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! colspan="2"| Source: [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]<ref name=abs34120_2005/>
|-
!Country of Birth !! Estimated Resident Population
|-
| align=left | {{UK}} ||1,153,264
|-
| align=left | {{NZ}} ||476,719
|-
| align=left | {{ITA}} ||220,469
|-
| align=left | {{PRC}} (Excluding [[Hong Kong]] and [[Taiwan]]) ||203,143
|-
| align=left | {{VNM}} ||180,352
|-
| align=left | {{IND}} ||153,579
|-
| align=left | {{PHL}} ||135,619
|-
| align=left | {{GRC}} ||125,849
|-
| align=left | {{ZAF}} ||118,816
|-
| align=left | {{DEU}} ||114,921
|-
| align=left | {{MYS}} ||103,947
|-
| align=left | {{NLD}} ||86,950
|-
| align=left | {{LBN}} ||86,599
|-
| align=left | {{HKG}} ([[Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China|SAR]] of [[China]]) ||76,303
|-
| align=left | {{LKA}} ||70,908
|-
| align=left | {{SCG}} ||68,879
|-
| align=left | {{IDN}} ||67,952
|-
| align=left | {{USA}} ||64,832
|-
| align=left | {{POL}} ||59,221
|-
| align=left | {{FJI}} ||58,815
|-
| align=left | {{IRL}} ||57,338
|-
| align=left | {{HRV}} ||56,540
|-
| align=left | {{SGP}} ||49,819
|-
| align=left | {{KOR}} ||49,141
|-
| align=left | {{MLT}} ||48,978
|-
| align=left | {{MKD}} ||48,577
|-
| align=left | {{IRQ}} ||40,400
|-
| align=left | {{EGY}} ||38,782
|-
| align=left | {{TUR}} ||37,556
|-
| align=left | {{CAN}} ||33,198
|-
| align=left | {{THA}} ||32,747
|-
| align=left | {{TWN}} ||31,258
|-
| align=left | {{JPN}} ||29,469
|-
| align=left | {{SDN}} ||29,282
|-
| align=left | {{KHM}} ||28,175
|-
| align=left | {{BIH}} ||27,328
|-
| align=left | {{PNG}} ||26,302
|-
| align=left | {{CHL}} ||26,204
|-
| align=left | {{IRN}} ||25,659
|-
| align=left | {{HUN}} ||23,065
|-
| align=left | {{RUS}} ||21,436
|-
| align=left | {{CYP}} ||21,149
|-
| align=left | {{ZWE}} ||21,142
|-
| align=left | {{AFG}} ||21,140
|-
| align=left | {{AUT}} ||20,214
|-
| align=left | {{FRA}} ||20,054
|-
| align=left | {{PAK}} ||19,768
|-
| align=left | {{MUS}} ||19,375
|-
| align=left | {{WSM}} ||17,822
|-
| align=left | {{PRT}} ||17,382
|}
For more information about immigration see [[Immigration to Australia]].

===Ancestry of Australian population===
{{:Australian people#Ancestry}}

===Religion===
{{Main|Religion in Australia}}

Australia is a religiously diverse country and has no official religion.

[[Christianity]] is the predominant faith of Australia. According to the 2006 census, the largest religious denomination is [[Roman Catholic Church in Australia|Roman Catholicism]], of which 25.8% of the population claimed affiliation. The next largest is the [[Anglican Church of Australia|Anglican]] faith, at 18.7%. Members of other Christian denominations accounted for 19.4% of the population.

Minority religions practiced in Australia include [[Buddhism]] (2.1% of the population), [[Islam in Australia|Islam]] (1.7%), [[Hinduism]] (0.7%) and [[Judaism]] (0.4%). Two percent of the population stated a different religion, which includes [[Sikhism in Australia|Sikhism]] and Indigenous beliefs, and 18.7% claimed [[Irreligion in Australia|no religion]], while 11.2% did not respond.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/6ef598989db79931ca257306000d52b4!OpenDocument |title=2914.0.55.002 - 2006 Census of Population and Housing: Media Releases and Fact Sheets, 2006 |publisher=Abs.gov.au |date=27 June 2007 |accessdate=7 September 2010}}</ref>

The [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] 2001 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information:

''Data on religious affiliation are used for such purposes as planning educational facilities, aged persons' care and other social services provided by religion-based organisations; the location of church buildings; the assigning of chaplains to hospitals, prisons, armed services and universities; the allocation of time on public radio and other media; and sociological research.''

As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in church worship is lower than would be indicated by the proportion of the population identifying themselves as Christian; weekly attendance at church services is about 1.5 million, or about 7.5% of the population.<ref>[http://www.ncls.org.au/default.aspx?docid=2250&track=82083 NCLS releases latest estimates of church attendance], National Church Life Survey, Media release, 28 February 2004</ref>
Christian charitable organisations, hospitals and schools play a prominent role in welfare and education services. The [[:Category:Roman Catholic schools in Australia|Catholic education system]] is the second biggest sector after government schools, with more than 650 000 students (and around 21 per cent of all secondary school enrolments). [[:Category:Anglican schools in Australia|The Anglican Church educates]] around 105,000 students and the Uniting Church has around 48 schools.<ref>http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/religion.html</ref>

===Languages===
[[English language|English]] is the ''[[de facto]]'' national language of Australia and is spoken by the vast majority of the population.

The most commonly spoken languages other than English in Australia are [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[German language|German]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], [[Filipino language|Filipino]], [[Chinese language]]s, [[Languages of India|Indian languages]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Croatian language|Croatian]], as well as numerous [[Australian Aboriginal languages]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Australia |title=Ethnologue report for Australia |publisher=Ethnologue.com |date= |accessdate=7 September 2010}}</ref> Australia's hearing-impaired community uses [[Auslan|Australian Deaf Sign Language]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Language
! Speakers
|-
|Only English||15,581,333
|-
|Italian ||316,895
|-
|Greek ||252,226
|-
|Cantonese||244,553
|-
|Arabic ||243,662
|-
|Mandarin||220,600
|-
|Vietnamese ||194,863
|-
|Spanish||98,001
|-
|Filipino||92,331
|-
|German ||75,634
|-
|Hindi||70,011
|-
|Macedonian||67,835
|-
|Croatian ||63,612
|-
|Australian Aboriginal Languages ||55,705
|-
|Korean ||54,623
|-
|Turkish||53,857
|-
|Polish||53,389
|-
|Serbian||52,534
|-
|French ||43,216
|-
|Indonesian ||42,036
|-
|Maltese||36,514
|-
|Russian ||36,502
|-
|Dutch||36,183
|-
|Japanese||35,111
|-
|Tamil||32,700
|-
|Sinhalese||29,055
|-
|Samoan||28,525
|-
|Portuguese||25,779
|-
|Khmer||24,715
|-
|Assyrian (Aramaic)||23,526
|-
|Punjabi||23,164
|-
|Persian||22,841
|-
|Hungarian||21,565
|-
|Bengali||20,223
|-
|Urdu||19,288
|-
|Afrikaans||16,806
|-
|Bosnian||15,743
|}

===Literacy===
:Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
:Total population: 99%
:Male: 99%
:Female: 99% (2003 est.)

===Education expenditure===
:4.5% of GDP (2005)
:''country comparison to the world:'' 55

===Nationality===
{{Main|Australian nationality law}}
* ''noun'': Australian(s)
* ''adjective'': Australian

==Historical population estimates==

Note that population estimates in the table below do not include the Aboriginal population before 1961. Estimates of Aboriginal population prior to European settlement range from 300,000 to one million, with archaeological finds indicating a sustainable population of around 750,000.<ref name = "ABS 2002 Yr Bk">{{Cite web|url = http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad45ff1425ca25682000192af2/bfc28642d31c215cca256b350010b3f4!OpenDocument |work = 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2002 |title = Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population |date = 20 August 2007 | publisher = Australian Bureau of Statistics|accessdate = 21 October 2009}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#eee;"
! style="width:50px;"| Year || style="width:90px;"| Population
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1788
| 859{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1798
| 4,588{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1808
| 10,263{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1818
| 25,859{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1828
| 58,197{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1838
| 151,868{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1848
| 332,328{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1858
| 1,050,828{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1868
| 1,539,552{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1878
| 2,092,164{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1888
| 2,981,677{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1898
| 3,664,715{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1901
| 3,788,123{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1906
| 4,059,083{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1911
| 4,489,545{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1916
| 4,943,173{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1921
| 5,455,136{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1926
| 6,056,360{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1931
| 6,526,485{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1936
| 6,778,372{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1941
| 7,109,898{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1946
| 7,465,157{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1951
| 8,421,775{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1956
| 9,425,563{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1961
| 10,548,267{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1966
| 11,599,498{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1971
| 13,067,265{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1976
| 14,033,083{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1981
| 14,923,260{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1986
| 16,018,350{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1991
| 17,284,036{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1996
| 18,310,714{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 2001
| 19,413,240{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 2006
| 20,848,760{{0}}
|}

* Information sourced from the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/ABS@Archive.nsf/log?openagent&3105065001_table2.xls&3105.0.65.001&Data%20Cubes&7BB5E247A5A2F416CA25717600229537&0&2006&23.05.2006&Latest TABLE 2. Population by sex, states and territories, 30 June 1901 onwards]. ''[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]''. 23/05/2006. Retrieved 8 March 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3105.0.65.001Main+Features12008?OpenDocument TABLE 1.1. Population by sex, states and territories, 31 December 1788 onwards]. ''[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]''. 05/08/2008.</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Australia}}
===General===
*[[Health care in Australia]]
*[[Immigration to Australia]]
*[[List of most common surnames in Oceania]]
*[[List of cities in Australia by population]]
*[[Homelessness in Australia]]

===Cities===
* [[Demographics of Sydney]]
* [[Demographics of Melbourne]]

===Ethnicities===
* [[African Australian]]
* [[Albanian Australian]]
* [[American Australian]]
* [[Anglo-Celtic Australian]]
* [[Asian Australian]]
* [[Assyrian Australian]]
* [[Bosnian Australian]]
* [[Chinese Australian]]
* [[Cornish Australian]]
* [[English Australian]]
* [[European Australian]]
* [[Filipino Australian]]
* [[Greek Australian]]
* [[Indian Australian]]
* [[Indigenous Australian]] (including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander)
* [[Irish Australian]]
* [[Italian Australian]]
* [[Korean Australian]]
* [[Latin American Australian]]
* [[Lebanese Australian]]
* [[Macedonian Australian]]
* [[Scottish Australian]]
* [[Serbian Australian]]
* [[South African Australian]]
* [[Sudanese Australian]]
* [[Welsh Australian]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
;General References
*{{CIA World Factbook|year=2006}}
* Australian Bureau of Statistics, [http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/24E36F628AD35006CA25773700169C5C?opendocument Australian * Demographic Statistics]
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
* Jupp, James. ''The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins'' (2002)
* O'Farrell, Patrick. ''The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day'' (3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
* Wells, Andrew, and Theresa Martinez, eds. ''Australia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook'' (ABC-CLIO, 2004)
==External links==
* [http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf Australian population: ethnic origins]
* [http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/countrydata/country.cfm Stock of foreign-born population by country of birth, by year]
* [http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument Current estimated resident population of Australia] Australian Bureau of Statistics

{{Oceania topic|Demographics of}}
{{Australia topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Australia}}
[[Category:Geography of Australia]]
[[Category:Australian society]]
[[Category:Demographics of Australia|*]]
[[Category:Australian people|*]]
[[Category:Immigration to Australia]]

[[bn:অস্ট্রেলিয়ার জনপরিসংখ্যান]]
[[bg:Население на Австралия]]
[[es:Demografía de Australia]]
[[fr:Démographie de l'Australie]]
[[lt:Australijos gyventojai]]
[[ms:Demografi Australia]]
[[pt:Demografia da Austrália]]
[[ro:Populația Australiei]]
[[ru:Население Австралии]]
[[sq:Demografia e Shteteve - Australia]]
[[sr:Становништво Аустралије]]
[[zh:澳大利亚人口]]

Demographics of Australia

2011-08-23T12:34:57Z

Lord fabs:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2008}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:8px;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Demographics of Australia [[Image:Flag of Australia.svg|30px]]
|-
! style="width:9em;" | Indicator
! Rank
! Measure
|-
! colspan="3" | Population
|-
| [[List of countries by population|Population]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 50th
| style="text-align:center;" | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 22660484 + (86400 / 97) * {{Age in days|2011|7|25}} round 0}}}}
|-
! colspan="3" | Economy
|-
| [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP) per capita]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 16th
| style="text-align:center;" | [[International dollar|$]]32,938
|-
| [[GNP]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 18th
| style="text-align:center;" | [[International dollar|$]]35,900
|-
| [[List of countries by unemployment rate|Unemployment rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ↓ 57th
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.30%
|-
| [[List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita|CO2 emissions]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 12th
| style="text-align:center;" | 18[[Tonne|t]]†
|-
| [[List of countries by electricity consumption|Electricity consumption]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 16th
| style="text-align:center;" | 200.70[[Watt-hour|TWh]]
|-
| [[List of countries by economic freedom|Economic freedom]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| style="text-align:center;" | 82.5
|-
! colspan="3" | Politics
|-
| [[List of countries by Human Development Index|Human Development Index]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| style="text-align:center;" | 0.937
|-
| [[Freedom in the World|Political freedom]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st (equal)*
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
|-
| [[Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption (A higher score means less (perceived) corruption.)]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ↓ 8th
| style="text-align:center;" | 8.7
|-
| [[Press Freedom Index|Press freedom]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 18th
| style="text-align:center;" | 5.38
|-
! colspan="3" | Society
|-
| [[List of countries by literacy rate|Literacy Rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 21st
| style="text-align:center;" | 99%
|-
| [[Internet access worldwide#Broadband subscribers in OECD countries|Broadband uptake]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 17th
| style="text-align:center;" | 13.8%
|-
| [[Beer consumption by country|Beer consumption]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.49 L†
|-
! colspan="3" | Health
|-
| [[List of countries by life expectancy|Life Expectancy]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| style="text-align:center;" | 81.2
|-
| [[List of countries by birth rate|Birth rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 148th
| style="text-align:center;" | 13.8‡
|-
| [[List of countries and territories by fertility rate|Fertility rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 137th
| style="text-align:center;" | 1.969††
|-
| [[List of countries by infant mortality rate (2005)|Infant mortality]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 202nd
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.57‡‡
|-
| [[List of countries by death rate|Death rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 122nd
| style="text-align:center;" | 7.56‡
|-
| [[List of countries by suicide rate|Suicide Rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 33rd
| style="text-align:center;" | ♂ 20.1†‡ ♀ 5.3†‡
|-
| [[List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate|HIV/AIDS rate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 108th
| style="text-align:center;" | 0.10%
|-
! colspan="3" | Notes
|-
| colspan="3" | ↓ indicates rank is in reverse order    (e.g. 1st is lowest) † per capita ‡ per 1000 people †† per woman ‡‡ per 1000 live births †‡ 100,000 people per year ♂ indicates males, ♀ indicates females
|}

This article is about the '''[[demographics|demographic]]''' features of the population of '''[[Australia]]''', including [[population density]], [[ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religions, and other aspects of the population.

The '''demographics of Australia''' covers basic statistics, most populous cities, ethnicity and religion. The population of Australia is estimated to be {{formatnum:{{#expr: 22660484 + (86400 / 97) * {{Age in days|2011|7|25}} round 0}}}} as of {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument|title=Population clock|work=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] website|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|accessdate=25 July 2011}} The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.</ref> Australia is the 50th most populous country in the world. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas.

Australia's population has grown from an estimated population of about 350,000 at the time of British settlement in 1788 due to [[Immigration to Australia|numerous waves of immigration]] during the period since. Also due to immigration, the European component of the population is declining as a percentage, as it is in many other Western countries.

Australia has scarcely more than two persons per square kilometre of total land area because most of the continent is desert or semi-desert. With 89% of its population living in urban areas, Australia is one of the world's [[Urbanization by country|most urbanised]] countries. <ref>http://data.worldbank.org/country/australia</ref> The life expectancy of Australia in 1999-2001 was 79.7 years, among the highest in the world.

==Indigenous population==

<onlyinclude>
{{See also|Indigenous Australians}}
The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of [[indigenous Australians]] to the continent of Australia places this [[human migration]] to at least 40,000 years ago most probably from the islands of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://media.uow.edu.au/news/2004/0917a/index.html|title=When did Australia’s earliest inhabitants arrive?|publisher=[[University of Wollongong]]|date=17 September 2004|accessdate=3 January 2009}}</ref>

These first inhabitants of Australia were originally [[hunter-gatherer]] peoples, who over the course of many succeeding generations diversified widely throughout the continent and its nearby islands. Although their technical culture remained static—depending on wood, bone, and stone tools and weapons—their spiritual and social life was highly complex. Most spoke several languages, and confederacies sometimes linked widely scattered tribal groups. Aboriginal population density ranged from one person per square mile along the coasts to one person per {{convert|35|sqmi|km2}} in the arid interior. Food procurement was usually a matter for the nuclear family, requiring an estimated 3 days of work per week. There was little large game, and outside of some communities in the more fertile south-east, they had no agriculture.

Australia may have been sighted by [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] sailors in 1701, and [[Netherlands|Dutch]] navigators landed on the forbidding coast of modern [[Western Australia]] several times during the 17th century. Captain [[James Cook]] claimed the east coast for [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] in 1770, the west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000,<ref name=ABS2008YBindigenous>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/bb8db737e2af84b8ca2571780015701e/68AE74ED632E17A6CA2573D200110075?opendocument|title=Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population|work=1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2008|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=7 February 2008|accessdate=3 January 2009}}</ref> divided into as many as 500 tribes{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} speaking many different languages. In the 2006 Census, 407,700 respondents declared they were [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]], 29,512 declared they were [[Torres Strait Islander]], and a further 17,811 declared they were both [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/a0dbf953e41d83d3ca257306000d514b!OpenDocument |title=2914.0.55.002 - 2006 Census of Population and Housing: Media Releases and Fact Sheets, 2006 |publisher=Abs.gov.au |date= |accessdate=7 September 2010}}</ref> After adjustments for undercount, the indigenous population as of end June 2006 was estimated to be 517,200, representing about 2.5% of the population.<ref name=ABS2008YBindigenous/>

Since the end of [[World War II]], efforts have been made both by the government and by the public to be more responsive to Aboriginal rights and needs. Today, many tribal Aborigines lead a settled traditional life in remote areas of northern, central, and western Australia. In the south, where most Aborigines are of mixed descent, most live in the cities.</onlyinclude>

== General Demographic statistics ==
[[Image:Population Pyramid- Australia 2005.svg|thumb|450px|Australia's age and gender structure in 2005, illustrated in a [[population pyramid]].<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/home/population%20pyramid%20preview Animated population pyramid]. Retrieved 24 January 2007.</ref>]]

Much of the data that follows has been derived from the [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] and the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]], through [[Census in Australia|censuses]].

===Population===
:{{formatnum:{{#expr: 22065 + 1.217 * {{Age in days|2009|12|4}} round 0}}000}} ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}})<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument Australian Official Population Clock]. The Australian Official Population Clock automatically updates daily at 00:00 UTC.</ref>

The following figures are ABS estimates for the resident population of Australia, based on the 2001 and 2006 Censuses and other data.
: 21,262,641 (July 2009 - CIA World Factbook)
: 21,180,632 (end December 2007 - preliminary)
: 20,848,760 (end December 2006 - preliminary)
: 20,544,064 (end December 2005)
: 20,252,132 (end December 2004)
: 20,011,882 (end December 2003)
: 19,770,963 (end December 2002)
: 19,533,972 (end December 2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/720767F97001A093CA25747100121A3F/$File/31010_dec%202007.pdf |title=3101.0 Australian Demographic Statistics (Dec 2007) |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=7 September 2010}}</ref>

===States and territories===
{{See also|States and territories of Australia}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:right;"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"
| style="width:25%;"| State/territory
| style="width:16%;"| Land area (km²)
| style="width:16%;"| Population (2006)
| style="width:16%;"| Population density (/km²)
| style="width:16%;"| % of population in capital
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Australian Capital Territory}}
| 2,358 || 344,200 || 137.53 || 99.6%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|New South Wales}}
| 800,642 || 6,967,200 || 8.44 || 63%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Victoria}}
| 227,416 || 5,297,600 || 23.87 || 71%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Queensland}}
| 1,730,648 || 4,279,400 || 2.26 || 46%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|South Australia}}
| 983,482 || 1,601,800|| 1.56 || 73.5%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Western Australia}}
| 2,529,875 || 2,163,200 || 0.79 || 73.4%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Tasmania}}
| 68,401 || 498,200 || 7.08 || 41%
|-
|align="left"| {{flag|Northern Territory}}
| 1,349,129 || 219,900 || 0.15 || 54%
|}

===Age structure===
:0-14 years: 19.3%
:15-64 years: 67.5%
:65 years and over: 13.2% (2008 estimate)<ref name=ABS2008YBpopsize/>

===Median age===
:Total: 37.3 years
:Male: 36.6 years
:Female: 38.1 years (2009 est.)

===Population growth rate===
[[Image:AUS population development 1788 to 2008.png|400px|thumb|right|The trend of population growth in Australia (thousands of persons). The rate of population growth changed significantly following the [[Australian gold rushes]], the [[Great depression]] and [[World War II]].]]
As of the end of June 2009 the [[population growth]] rate was 2.1%.<ref name=popincrease>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0e5fa1cc95cd093c4a2568110007852b/6949409dc8b8fb92ca256bc60001b3d1!OpenDocument|title=3101.0 - Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2008|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=2 December 2008|accessdate=3 January 2009}}</ref> This rate was based on estimates of:<ref name=popclock>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument|title=Population clock|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=2 January 2009}}</ref>
* one birth every 1 minute and 45 seconds,
* one death every 3 minutes and 40 seconds,
* a net gain of one international migrant every 1 minutes and 51 seconds leading to
* an overall total population increase of one person every 1 minutes and 11 seconds.

In 2009 the estimated rates were:
*[[Birth rate]] - 12.47 births/1,000 population (Rank 164)
*[[Mortality rate]] - 6.68 deaths/1,000 population (Rank 146)
*[[Net migration rate]] - 6.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population. (Rank 15)

At the time of [[Federation of Australia|Australian Federation]] in 1901, the rate of [[Population growth|natural increase]] was 14.9 persons per 1,000 population. The rate increased to a peak of 17.4 per thousand population in the years 1912, 1913 and 1914. During the [[Great Depression in Australia|Great Depression]], the rate declined to a low of 7.1 per thousand population in 1934 and 1935. Immediately after World War II the rate increased sharply as a result of the beginning of the [[post–World War II baby boom]] and the immigration of many young people who then had children in Australia, with a plateau of rates of over 13.0 persons per 1,000 population for every year from 1946 to 1962.

There has been a fall in the rate of natural increase since 1962 due to falling [[fertility]]. In 1971 the rate of natural increase was 12.7 persons per 1,000 population; a decade later it had fallen to 8.5. In 1996 the rate of natural increase fell below seven for the first time, with the downward trend continuing in the late 1990s. Population projections by the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicate that continued low fertility, combined with the increase in deaths from an ageing population, will result in natural increase falling below zero sometime in the mid 2030s. However in 2006 the [[total fertility rate|fertility rate]] rose to 1.81, one of the highest rate in the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], arguably as a result of some pro-fertility state and federal government campaigns, including the Federal Government's [[Baby Bonus#Australia|baby bonus]].

Since 1901, the crude death rate has fallen from about 12.2 deaths per 1,000 population to 6.4 deaths per 1,000 population in 2006.<ref name=ABS2008YBpopsize>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/bb8db737e2af84b8ca2571780015701e/72097B9A70C71596CA2573D20010FD0A?opendocument|title=Population Size and Growth|work=1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2008|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=7 February 2008|accessdate=3 January 2009}}</ref> (ppt){{Clarify|What is "ppt"?|date=September 2010}}

===Urbanisation===
: Urbanisation population: 89% of total population (2008)
: Rate of urbanisation: 1.2% annual rate of change (2005-2010)

===Sex ratio===
:At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
:Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
:15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
:65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female
:Total population: 1 male(s)/female (2009)

===Infant mortality rate===
:Total: 4.75 deaths/1,000 live births
:''country comparison to the world:'' 196
:Male: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births
:Female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

===Life expectancy at birth===
:Total: 81.63 years
:''country comparison to the world:'' 70
:Male: 79.25 years
:Female: 84.15 years

===Total fertility rate===
: 1.969 children born/woman (2008)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3301.02008?OpenDocument |title=3301.0 - Births, Australia, 2008 |publisher=Abs.gov.au |date=10 November 2009 |accessdate=7 September 2010}}</ref>
For more detailed regionwise TFR details see [[Birth rate and fertility rate in Australia]].
:''country comparison to the world:'' 159

===HIV/AIDS===
:Adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2007 est.)
:People living with HIV/AIDS: 18,000 (2007 est.)
:Deaths: less than 200 (2003 est.)<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html#People</ref>

===Country of birth===
[[Image:Australian PR COB 2006.PNG|right|thumb|450px|Countries of birth of Australian estimated resident population, 2006. Source:Australian Bureau of Statistics<ref name=abs34120_2005/>]]
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, in mid-2006 there were 4,956,863 residents who were born outside Australia, representing 24% of the total population.<ref name=abs34120_2005>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC001813E8/$File/34120_2005-06.pdf|title=Migration|page=48|work=2006 Census|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|format=PDF|date=29 March 2007|accessdate=6 June 2011}} (table 6.6)</ref> The Australian-resident population comprises people born in these countries:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! colspan="2"| Source: [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]<ref name=abs34120_2005/>
|-
!Country of Birth !! Estimated Resident Population
|-
| align=left | {{UK}} ||1,153,264
|-
| align=left | {{NZ}} ||476,719
|-
| align=left | {{ITA}} ||220,469
|-
| align=left | {{PRC}} (Excluding [[Hong Kong]] and [[Taiwan]]) ||203,143
|-
| align=left | {{VNM}} ||180,352
|-
| align=left | {{IND}} ||153,579
|-
| align=left | {{PHL}} ||135,619
|-
| align=left | {{GRC}} ||125,849
|-
| align=left | {{ZAF}} ||118,816
|-
| align=left | {{DEU}} ||114,921
|-
| align=left | {{MYS}} ||103,947
|-
| align=left | {{NLD}} ||86,950
|-
| align=left | {{LBN}} ||86,599
|-
| align=left | {{HKG}} ([[Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China|SAR]] of [[China]]) ||76,303
|-
| align=left | {{LKA}} ||70,908
|-
| align=left | {{SCG}} ||68,879
|-
| align=left | {{IDN}} ||67,952
|-
| align=left | {{USA}} ||64,832
|-
| align=left | {{POL}} ||59,221
|-
| align=left | {{FJI}} ||58,815
|-
| align=left | {{IRL}} ||57,338
|-
| align=left | {{HRV}} ||56,540
|-
| align=left | {{SGP}} ||49,819
|-
| align=left | {{KOR}} ||49,141
|-
| align=left | {{MLT}} ||48,978
|-
| align=left | {{MKD}} ||48,577
|-
| align=left | {{IRQ}} ||40,400
|-
| align=left | {{EGY}} ||38,782
|-
| align=left | {{TUR}} ||37,556
|-
| align=left | {{CAN}} ||33,198
|-
| align=left | {{THA}} ||32,747
|-
| align=left | {{TWN}} ||31,258
|-
| align=left | {{JPN}} ||29,469
|-
| align=left | {{SDN}} ||29,282
|-
| align=left | {{KHM}} ||28,175
|-
| align=left | {{BIH}} ||27,328
|-
| align=left | {{PNG}} ||26,302
|-
| align=left | {{CHL}} ||26,204
|-
| align=left | {{IRN}} ||25,659
|-
| align=left | {{HUN}} ||23,065
|-
| align=left | {{RUS}} ||21,436
|-
| align=left | {{CYP}} ||21,149
|-
| align=left | {{ZWE}} ||21,142
|-
| align=left | {{AFG}} ||21,140
|-
| align=left | {{AUT}} ||20,214
|-
| align=left | {{FRA}} ||20,054
|-
| align=left | {{PAK}} ||19,768
|-
| align=left | {{MUS}} ||19,375
|-
| align=left | {{WSM}} ||17,822
|-
| align=left | {{PRT}} ||17,382
|}
For more information about immigration see [[Immigration to Australia]].

===Ancestry of Australian population===
{{:Australian people#Ancestry}}

===Religion===
{{Main|Religion in Australia}}

Australia is a religiously diverse country and has no official religion.

[[Christianity]] is the predominant faith of Australia. According to the 2006 census, the largest religious denomination is [[Roman Catholic Church in Australia|Roman Catholicism]], of which 25.8% of the population claimed affiliation. The next largest is the [[Anglican Church of Australia|Anglican]] faith, at 18.7%. Members of other Christian denominations accounted for 19.4% of the population.

Minority religions practiced in Australia include [[Buddhism]] (2.1% of the population), [[Islam in Australia|Islam]] (1.7%), [[Hinduism]] (0.7%) and [[Judaism]] (0.4%). Two percent of the population stated a different religion, which includes [[Sikhism in Australia|Sikhism]] and Indigenous beliefs, and 18.7% claimed [[Irreligion in Australia|no religion]], while 11.2% did not respond.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/6ef598989db79931ca257306000d52b4!OpenDocument |title=2914.0.55.002 - 2006 Census of Population and Housing: Media Releases and Fact Sheets, 2006 |publisher=Abs.gov.au |date=27 June 2007 |accessdate=7 September 2010}}</ref>

The [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] 2001 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information:

''Data on religious affiliation are used for such purposes as planning educational facilities, aged persons' care and other social services provided by religion-based organisations; the location of church buildings; the assigning of chaplains to hospitals, prisons, armed services and universities; the allocation of time on public radio and other media; and sociological research.''

As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in church worship is lower than would be indicated by the proportion of the population identifying themselves as Christian; weekly attendance at church services is about 1.5 million, or about 7.5% of the population.<ref>[http://www.ncls.org.au/default.aspx?docid=2250&track=82083 NCLS releases latest estimates of church attendance], National Church Life Survey, Media release, 28 February 2004</ref>
Christian charitable organisations, hospitals and schools play a prominent role in welfare and education services. The [[:Category:Roman Catholic schools in Australia|Catholic education system]] is the second biggest sector after government schools, with more than 650 000 students (and around 21 per cent of all secondary school enrolments). [[:Category:Anglican schools in Australia|The Anglican Church educates]] around 105,000 students and the Uniting Church has around 48 schools.<ref>http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/religion.html</ref>

===Languages===
[[English language|English]] is the ''[[de facto]]'' national language of Australia and is spoken by the vast majority of the population.

The most commonly spoken languages other than English in Australia are [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[German language|German]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], [[Filipino language|Filipino]], [[Chinese language]]s, [[Languages of India|Indian languages]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Croatian language|Croatian]], as well as numerous [[Australian Aboriginal languages]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Australia |title=Ethnologue report for Australia |publisher=Ethnologue.com |date= |accessdate=7 September 2010}}</ref> Australia's hearing-impaired community uses [[Auslan|Australian Deaf Sign Language]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Language
! Speakers
|-
|Only English||15,581,333
|-
|Italian ||316,895
|-
|Greek ||252,226
|-
|Cantonese||244,553
|-
|Arabic ||243,662
|-
|Mandarin||220,600
|-
|Vietnamese ||194,863
|-
|Spanish||98,001
|-
|Filipino||92,331
|-
|German ||75,634
|-
|Hindi||70,011
|-
|Macedonian||67,835
|-
|Croatian ||63,612
|-
|Australian Aboriginal Languages ||55,705
|-
|Korean ||54,623
|-
|Turkish||53,857
|-
|Polish||53,389
|-
|Serbian||52,534
|-
|French ||43,216
|-
|Indonesian ||42,036
|-
|Maltese||36,514
|-
|Russian ||36,502
|-
|Dutch||36,183
|-
|Japanese||35,111
|-
|Tamil||32,700
|-
|Sinhalese||29,055
|-
|Samoan||28,525
|-
|Portuguese||25,779
|-
|Khmer||24,715
|-
|Assyrian (Aramaic)||23,526
|-
|Punjabi||23,164
|-
|Persian||22,841
|-
|Hungarian||21,565
|-
|Bengali||20,223
|-
|Urdu||19,288
|-
|Afrikaans||16,806
|-
|Bosnian||15,743
|}

===Literacy===
:Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
:Total population: 99%
:Male: 99%
:Female: 99% (2003 est.)

===Education expenditure===
:4.5% of GDP (2005)
:''country comparison to the world:'' 55

===Nationality===
{{Main|Australian nationality law}}
* ''noun'': Australian(s)
* ''adjective'': Australian

==Historical population estimates==

Note that population estimates in the table below do not include the Aboriginal population before 1961. Estimates of Aboriginal population prior to European settlement range from 300,000 to one million, with archaeological finds indicating a sustainable population of around 750,000.<ref name = "ABS 2002 Yr Bk">{{Cite web|url = http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad45ff1425ca25682000192af2/bfc28642d31c215cca256b350010b3f4!OpenDocument |work = 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2002 |title = Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population |date = 20 August 2007 | publisher = Australian Bureau of Statistics|accessdate = 21 October 2009}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#eee;"
! style="width:50px;"| Year || style="width:90px;"| Population
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1788
| 859{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1798
| 4,588{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1808
| 10,263{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1818
| 25,859{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1828
| 58,197{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1838
| 151,868{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1848
| 332,328{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1858
| 1,050,828{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1868
| 1,539,552{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1878
| 2,092,164{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1888
| 2,981,677{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1898
| 3,664,715{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1901
| 3,788,123{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1906
| 4,059,083{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1911
| 4,489,545{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1916
| 4,943,173{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1921
| 5,455,136{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1926
| 6,056,360{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1931
| 6,526,485{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1936
| 6,778,372{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1941
| 7,109,898{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1946
| 7,465,157{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1951
| 8,421,775{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1956
| 9,425,563{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1961
| 10,548,267{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1966
| 11,599,498{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1971
| 13,067,265{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1976
| 14,033,083{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1981
| 14,923,260{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1986
| 16,018,350{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1991
| 17,284,036{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1996
| 18,310,714{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 2001
| 19,413,240{{0}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:center;"| 2006
| 20,848,760{{0}}
|}

* Information sourced from the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/ABS@Archive.nsf/log?openagent&3105065001_table2.xls&3105.0.65.001&Data%20Cubes&7BB5E247A5A2F416CA25717600229537&0&2006&23.05.2006&Latest TABLE 2. Population by sex, states and territories, 30 June 1901 onwards]. ''[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]''. 23/05/2006. Retrieved 8 March 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3105.0.65.001Main+Features12008?OpenDocument TABLE 1.1. Population by sex, states and territories, 31 December 1788 onwards]. ''[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]''. 05/08/2008.</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Australia}}
===General===
*[[Health care in Australia]]
*[[Immigration to Australia]]
*[[List of most common surnames in Oceania]]
*[[List of cities in Australia by population]]
*[[Homelessness in Australia]]

===Cities===
* [[Demographics of Sydney]]
* [[Demographics of Melbourne]]

===Ethnicities===
* [[African Australian]]
* [[Albanian Australian]]
* [[American Australian]]
* [[Anglo-Celtic Australian]]
* [[Asian Australian]]
* [[Assyrian Australian]]
* [[Bosnian Australian]]
* [[Chinese Australian]]
* [[Cornish Australian]]
* [[English Australian]]
* [[European Australian]]
* [[Filipino Australian]]
* [[Greek Australian]]
* [[Indian Australian]]
* [[Indigenous Australian]] (including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander)
* [[Irish Australian]]
* [[Italian Australian]]
* [[Korean Australian]]
* [[Latin American Australian]]
* [[Lebanese Australian]]
* [[Macedonian Australian]]
* [[Scottish Australian]]
* [[Serbian Australian]]
* [[South African Australian]]
* [[Sudanese Australian]]
* [[Welsh Australian]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
;General References
*{{CIA World Factbook|year=2006}}
* Australian Bureau of Statistics, [http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/24E36F628AD35006CA25773700169C5C?opendocument Australian * Demographic Statistics]
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
* Jupp, James. ''The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins'' (2002)
* O'Farrell, Patrick. ''The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day'' (3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
* Wells, Andrew, and Theresa Martinez, eds. ''Australia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook'' (ABC-CLIO, 2004)
==External links==
* [http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf Australian population: ethnic origins]
* [http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/countrydata/country.cfm Stock of foreign-born population by country of birth, by year]
* [http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument Current estimated resident population of Australia] Australian Bureau of Statistics

{{Oceania topic|Demographics of}}
{{Australia topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Australia}}
[[Category:Geography of Australia]]
[[Category:Australian society]]
[[Category:Demographics of Australia|*]]
[[Category:Australian people|*]]
[[Category:Immigration to Australia]]

[[bn:অস্ট্রেলিয়ার জনপরিসংখ্যান]]
[[bg:Население на Австралия]]
[[es:Demografía de Australia]]
[[fr:Démographie de l'Australie]]
[[lt:Australijos gyventojai]]
[[ms:Demografi Australia]]
[[pt:Demografia da Austrália]]
[[ro:Populația Australiei]]
[[ru:Население Австралии]]
[[sq:Demografia e Shteteve - Australia]]
[[sr:Становништво Аустралије]]
[[zh:澳大利亚人口]]

Zealand

2011-08-21T14:08:42Z

Lord fabs:

{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox islands
| name = Zealand
| image name = Stevns Klint.jpg
| image caption = The [[Stevns Klint|Cliffs of Stevns]] south of [[Copenhagen]]
| image size =
| locator map = Denmark location sjalland.svg
| native name = Sjælland
| native name link =
| nickname =
| location = [[Baltic Sea]]
| coordinates = {{coor dm|55|30|N|11|45|E}}
| archipelago =
| total islands =
| major islands =
| area_km2 = 7,031
| highest mount =
| elevation_m =
| country = {{DEN}}
| country admin divisions title = [[Regions of Denmark|Region]]
| country admin divisions = [[Capital Region of Denmark]], [[Region Zealand]]
| country admin divisions title 1 =
| country admin divisions 1 =
| country admin divisions title 2 =
| country admin divisions 2 =
| country capital city =
| country largest city = [[Copenhagen]]
| country largest city population = 1,181,239
| country leader title =
| country leader name =
| population = 2,164,217
| population as of = 2010
| density_km2 = 307.8
| ethnic groups =
| additional info =
}}
{{Confused2|[[Zeeland]], the Dutch province after which New Zealand is named}}

'''Zealand''' (also '''Sealand''' (Not to be confused with [[Sealand]]); '''{{lang-da|Sjælland}}'''; {{IPA-da|ˈɕɛˌlæˀn|pron}}) is the largest [[island]] (7,031 km²) of [[Denmark]] (the [[List of islands by area|96th-largest island in the world]] and the [[List_of_islands_by_population|34th most populous]]). Zealand is connected to [[Funen]] by the [[Great Belt Bridge]] and to [[Sweden]] over Amager and by the [[Øresund Bridge]].

The capital of Denmark, [[Copenhagen]], is partly located on the eastern shore of Zealand and partly on [[Amager]]. Other cities on the island include [[Roskilde]] and [[Elsinore]].

==Mythological origins==
[[File:Gefion.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Gefion Fountain|Gefion]] carving Zealand from [[Sweden]].]]
In [[Norse mythology]], the island was created by the goddess [[Gefjon|Gefjun]] after she tricked [[Gylfi]], the king of Sweden, as told in the story of [[Gylfaginning]]. She removed a piece of land and transported it to Denmark, and it became the island of Zealand. The vacant area was filled with water and became [[Mälaren]].<ref>[[Den Store Danske Encyklopædi]], article ''Gefion''</ref> However, since modern maps show a similarity between Zealand and the Swedish lake [[Vänern]], it is sometimes identified as the hole left by Gefjun.

==Geography==
On June 5, 2007, the regional subsidiary of national broadcaster [[DR (broadcaster)|DR]] reported that a hill, [[Kobanke]], situated in the southeast near the town [[Rønnede]] in [[Faxe municipality]], with a natural point of terrain at 122.9 m (403.21 feet), was the highest natural point on Zealand. [[Gyldenløveshøj]], south of the city [[Roskilde]] has a height of 126 m (413.4 feet), but that is due to a man-made hill from the 17th century and its highest natural point is only 121.3 m (397.96 feet).

[[Image:MullerupBeach.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mullerup Beach]], on the west coast of Zealand]]

==Cities, towns and villages==
{{columns-list|3|
* [[Albertslund]]
* [[Allerød municipality|Allerød]]
* [[Ballerup]]
* [[Birkerød]]
* [[Boeslunde]]
* [[Borup, Køge Municipality|Borup]]
* [[Copenhagen]] (''København'')
* [[Ejby, Køge Municipality|Ejby]]
* [[Elsinore]] (''Helsingør'')
* [[Espergærde]]
* [[Fredensborg]]
* [[Frederiksberg]]
* [[Frederikssund]]
* [[Frederiksværk]]
* [[Gilleleje]]
* [[Glostrup]]
* [[Græsted]]
* [[Haslev]]
* [[Hellebæk]]
* [[Helsinge]]
* [[Hillerød]]
* [[Holbæk]]
* [[Hornbæk]]
* [[Hundested]]
* [[Humlebæk]]
* [[Hvidovre Municipality|Hvidovre]]
* [[Jyllinge]]
* [[Kalundborg]]
* [[Kokkedal]]
* [[Kongens Lyngby]]
* [[Korsør]]
* [[Køge]]
* [[Nykøbing Sjælland]]
* [[Næstved]]
* [[Præstø]]
* [[Ringsted]]
* [[Roskilde]]
* [[Rødovre]]
* [[Rørvig]]
* [[Skovlunde]]
* [[Skælskør]]
* [[Slagelse]]
* [[Slangerup]]
* [[Smerup]]
* [[Stenløse]]
* [[Solrød]]
* [[Sorø]]
* [[Taastrup]]
* [[Tisvilde]]
* [[Vallensbæk]]
* [[Vordingborg, Denmark|Vordingborg]]
* [[Ølstykke]]
* [[Ålsgårde]]
}}

==See also==
{{Commons category|Zealand}}
*[[List of Danish islands]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Denmark islands}}



[[Category:Geography of Copenhagen]]
[[Category:Islands of Denmark]]

[[be:Востраў Зеландыя]]
[[bs:Zeland]]
[[br:Sjælland]]
[[bg:Шеланд]]
[[ca:Sjælland]]
[[cs:Sjælland]]
[[cy:Sjælland]]
[[da:Sjælland]]
[[de:Seeland (Dänemark)]]
[[et:Sjælland]]
[[es:Selandia]]
[[eo:Sjælland]]
[[eu:Sjælland]]
[[fo:Sæland]]
[[fr:Seeland (Danemark)]]
[[gl:Selandia - Sjælland]]
[[ko:셸란 섬]]
[[hr:Zeland]]
[[id:Sjælland]]
[[is:Sjáland]]
[[it:Selandia]]
[[he:שלן]]
[[kl:Sjælland]]
[[ka:ზელანდია (კუნძული)]]
[[la:Selandia]]
[[lt:Zelandija]]
[[hu:Sjælland]]
[[mr:स्यीलंड]]
[[nl:Seeland]]
[[ja:シェラン島]]
[[no:Sjælland]]
[[nn:Sjælland]]
[[pl:Zelandia (wyspa)]]
[[pt:Zelândia (Dinamarca)]]
[[ro:Zealand]]
[[ru:Зеландия (остров)]]
[[simple:Zealand]]
[[sr:Селанд]]
[[fi:Sjælland]]
[[sv:Själland]]
[[tr:Sjaelland]]
[[uk:Зеландія (острів)]]
[[vi:Zealand]]
[[zh-yue:斯崙島]]
[[zh:西兰岛]]

User:Lord fabs

2008-05-04T13:44:49Z

Lord fabs: ←Replaced content with 'Greetings ^_^'

Greetings ^_^

Japan

2008-05-04T13:39:47Z

Lord fabs: Removed conservatist propoganda, returning this page to political neutrality

{{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{featured article}}
{{otheruses1|the country in East Asia}}
{{Infobox Country
| native_name = {{lang|ja|日本国}} ''Nihon-koku''
| common_name = Japan
| conventional_long_name = Japan
| image_flag = Flag of Japan.svg
| image_coat = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
| symbol_type = Imperial Seal
| image_map = LocationMapJapan.png
| national_anthem = {{nihongo|''[[Kimi ga Yo]]''|君が代|}}
| official_languages = [[Japanese language|Japanese]] (de facto)
| demonym = Japanese
| capital = [[Tokyo]]1
| latd=35 |latm=41 |latNS=N
| longd=139 |longm=46 |longEW=E
| largest_city = capital
| government_type = [[parliamentary system|Parliamentary democracy]] and [[Constitutional monarchy]]
| leader_title1 = [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]]
| leader_name1 = [[Akihito]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Yasuo Fukuda]]
| area_rank = 62nd
| area_magnitude = 1 E11
| area_km2 = 377,873
| area_sq_mi = 145,883 
| percent_water = 0.8
| population_estimate = 127,433,494
| population_estimate_year = 2007
| population_estimate_rank = 10th
| population_census = 127,333,002
| population_census_year = 2004
| population_density_km2 = 337
| population_densitymi2 = 873 
| population_density_rank = 30th
| GDP_PPP_year = 2007
| GDP_PPP = $4.346 trillion<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html CIA World Factbook][GDP PPP Rankings 2007]</ref>
| GDP_PPP_rank = 3rd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $33,800<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html CIA World Factbook][GDP PPP Per Capita Rankings 2007</ref>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 34th
| GDP_nominal = $4.346 trillion<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html CIA World Factbook][GDP Nominal Rankings 2007]</ref>
| GDP_nominal_rank = 2nd
| GDP_nominal_year = 2007
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $38,341
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 14th
| sovereignty_type = [[History of Japan|Formation]]
| established_event1 = [[National Foundation Day]]
| established_date1 = [[February 11]], 660 [[Anno Domini|BC]]3
| established_event2 = [[Meiji Constitution]]
| established_date2 = [[November 29]] [[1890]]
| established_event3 = [[Constitution of Japan|Current constitution]]
| established_date3 = [[May 3]] [[1947]]
| established_event4 = [[Treaty of San Francisco|Treaty of San Francisco]]
| established_date4 = [[April 28]] [[1952]]
| HDI_year = 2007
| HDI = {{increase}} 0.953
| HDI_rank = 8th
| HDI_category = high
|Gini = 38.1 (2002)<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Gini rankings]</ref>
| currency = International Symbol '''¥''' ''Pronounced'' ([[Japanese yen|'''Yen''']]) Japanese Symbol {{lang|ja|'''円'''}} ''Pronounced'' {{transl|ja|([[Japanese yen|'''En''']])}} 
|currency_code = '''JPY'''
| country_code = JPN
| time_zone = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset = +9
| time_zone_DST = not observed
| utc_offset_DST =
| cctld = [[.jp]]
| calling_code = 81
| ISO_3166–1_alpha2 = JP
| ISO_3166–1_alpha3 = JPN
| ISO_3166–1_numeric = 392
| sport_code = JPN
| vehicle_code = J
| footnote1 = [[Yokohama]] is the largest incorporated city.
| footnote2 = {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html#Econ | title = World Factbook; Japan—Economy |publisher=[[CIA]] |date=[[2006-12-19]] | accessdate=2006-12-28}}
| footnote3 = According to legend, Japan was founded on this date by the [[Emperor Jimmu]], first emperor of Japan; it is seen as largely symbolic.
}}

'''Japan''' ({{lang|ja|日本}} Nihon or Nippon [[Help:Japanese|?]] , officially {{lang|ja|日本国}} {{Audio|Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg|Nippon-koku}} or Nihon-koku) is an [[island country]] in [[East Asia]]. Located in the [[Pacific Ocean]], it lies to the east of [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[Korea]] and [[Russia]], stretching from the [[Sea of Okhotsk]] in the north to the [[East China Sea]] in the south. The [[kanji|characters]] that make up [[Names of Japan|Japan's name]] mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes identified as the "Land of the Rising Sun".

Japan comprises over 3,000 islands,<ref>{{cite web | title = ''Nihon Rettō'' | url = http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?enc=UTF-8&p=%E3%81%AB%E3%81%BB%E3%82%93%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86&dtype=0&stype=1&dname=0ss
| publisher = [[Daijirin]] / Yahoo Japan dictionary | accessdate = 2007-05-07}}</ref> the largest of which are [[Honshū]], [[Hokkaidō]], [[Kyūshū]] and [[Shikoku]], together accounting for 97% of its land area. Most of the islands are [[mountain]]ous, many [[volcano|volcanic]]; for example, Japan’s highest peak, [[Mount Fuji]], is a volcano. Japan has the world's [[List of countries by population|tenth largest population]], with about 128 million people. The [[Greater Tokyo Area]], which includes [[Capital of Japan|the capital city]] of [[Tokyo]] and several surrounding [[Prefectures of Japan|prefectures]], is the [[World's largest cities|largest metropolitan area]] in the world, with over 30 million residents.

[[Archaeology|Archaeological]] research indicates that people were living on the islands of Japan as early as the [[Upper Paleolithic]] period. The first written mention of Japan begins with brief appearances in [[History of China|Chinese history]] texts from the first century AD.

Influence from the outside world followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. Since adopting its [[Constitution of Japan|constitution]] in 1947, Japan has maintained a [[Unitary state|unitary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] with an [[Emperor of Japan|emperor]] and an elected parliament, the [[Diet of Japan|Diet]].

A major economic power,<ref name="ciawfbjapan"/> Japan has the world's [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|second largest]] economy by [[gross domestic product|nominal GDP]]. It is a member of the [[United Nations]], [[G8]], [[G4 nations|G4]], [[OECD]] and [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]], with the world's [[List of countries by military expenditures|fifth largest defense budget]]. It is also the world's [[List of countries by exports|fourth largest exporter]] and [[List of countries by imports|sixth largest importer]] and a world leader in technology and machinery.

==Etymology==
{{main|Names of Japan}}
The [[English language|English]] word '''Japan''' is an [[exonym]] not used in the Japanese language. The [[Japanese language|Japanese]] names for [[Japan]] are '''Nippon''' (にっぽん) and '''Nihon''' (にほん). They are both written in Japanese using the [[kanji]] '''日本'''. The Japanese name ''Nippon'' is used for most official purposes, including on [[Japanese yen|Japanese money]], [[postage stamp]]s, and for many international [[sport|sporting events]]. ''Nihon'' is a more casual term and the most frequently used in contemporary speech.

Both ''Nippon'' and ''Nihon'' literally mean "the sun's origin" and are often translated as the ''Land of the Rising Sun''. This nomenclature comes from [[Imperial embassies to China|Imperial correspondence]] with [[China|Chinese]] [[Sui Dynasty]] and refers to Japan's eastward position relative to [[China]]. Before Japan had relations with China, it was known as ''[[Yamato period|Yamato]]'' and ''Hi no moto'', which means "source of the sun".<ref>[http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/japanese/message/jpnEVwSABIuEVrrH_51.html Teach Yourself Japanese Message Board]</ref>

The English word for Japan came to the West from early trade routes. The early [[Mandarin (linguistics)|Mandarin Chinese]] or possibly [[Wu Chinese]] word for Japan was recorded by [[Marco Polo]] as ''Cipangu''. The modern [[Shanghainese]] (a [[Wu Chinese]] dialect 呉語) pronunciation of characters 日本 (Japan) is still ''Zeppen'' [zə{{IPA|ʔ}}pən]. The old [[Malay language|Malay]] word for Japan, ''Jepang'' (modern spelling ''Jepun'', although [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] has retained the older spelling), was borrowed from a Chinese language, and this Malay word was encountered by [[Portugal|Portuguese]] traders in [[Malacca]] in the 16th century. It is thought the Portuguese traders were the first to bring the word to [[Europe]]. It was first recorded in English in 1577 spelled ''Giapan''.

==History==

{{main|History of Japan}}
The first signs of occupation on the [[Japanese Archipelago]] appeared with a [[Japanese Paleolithic|Paleolithic]] culture around [[Upper Paleolithic|30,000 BC]], followed from around [[Upper Paleolithic|14,000 BC]] by the [[Jōmon period]], a [[Mesolithic]] to [[Neolithic]] semi-sedentary [[hunter-gatherer]] culture of pit dwelling and a rudimentary form of [[agriculture]]. Decorated clay vessels from this period, often with plaited patterns, are some of the oldest surviving examples of [[pottery]] in the world.<ref>{{cite book |author=Habu Jinko |year=2004 |title=Ancient Jomon of Japan |publisher=Cambridge Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://web-japan.org/trends00/honbun/tj990615.html |title=Jomon Fantasy: Resketching Japan's Prehistory |publisher=web-japan.org |date=1999-06-22 | accessdate=2008-01-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jomon.or.jp/ebulletin11.html |title="Fakery" at the beginning, the ending and the middle of the Jomon Period |publisher=Bulletin of the International Jomon Culture Conference (Vol. 1) |date=2004 | accessdate=2008-01-24}}</ref>

The [[Yayoi period]], starting around the third century BC, introduced new practices, such as wet-rice farming, [[iron]] and [[bronze]]-making and a new style of pottery, brought by migrants from [[China]] or [[Korea]]. With the development of Yayoi culture, a predominantly agricultural society emerged in Japan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-23121 |title=The Yayoi period (c.250 BC – c.AD 250) |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=2006 | accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author = [[Jared Diamond]] |title= Japanese Roots | journal = [[Discover Magazine]] Vol. 19 No. 6 |date=June 1998 | url=http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761568150_4/Pottery.html#p26 |title=Pottery |publisher=MSN Encarta | accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=De Bary |first=William Theodore |title=Sources of Japanese Tradition |publisher=Columbia University Press |date=2005 |pages=1304 | isbn = 023112984X |url=http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN023112984X&id=6wS_ijD6DSgC&pg=RA1-PA1304&lpg=RA1-PA1304&ots=MxkZKlTRlU&dq=%22Chinese+mainland%22+%22Korean+peninsula%22+%22Japanese+archipelago%22&sig=hc4ew2p4cGdppzY6O_b0zWgaB6E#PRA1-PA1304,M1 | accessdate=2007-01-29}}</ref>

The Japanese first appear in written history in China’s ''[[Book of Han]]''. According to the Chinese ''[[Records of Three Kingdoms]]'', the most powerful kingdom on the archipelago during the third century was called [[Yamataikoku]].

[[Image:MiddleJomonVessel.JPG|thumb|150px|left|A middle [[Jōmon period]] vessel (3000 to 2000 BC).]]
[[Image:Kamakura Budda Daibutsu front 1885.jpg|thumb|150px|left|upright|[[Kōtoku-in|The Great Buddha]] in [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]] (1252).]]

[[Buddhism]] was first introduced to Japan from [[Baekje]] of the [[Korean Peninsula]], but the subsequent development of [[Buddhism in Japan|Japanese Buddhism]] and Buddhist sculptures were primarily influenced by [[China]].<ref>{{cite book |editor=Delmer M. Brown (ed.) |year=1993 |title=The Cambridge History of Japan |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=140–149}}</ref> Despite early resistance, [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhism]] was promoted by the ruling class and eventually gained growing acceptance since the [[Asuka period]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan |author=William Gerald Beasley |publisher=University of California Press |year=1999 |url=http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0520225600&id=9AivK7yMICgC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=Soga+Buddhism+intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Japan&sig=V65JQ4OzTFCopEoFVb8DWh5BD4Q#PPA42,M1 |pages=42 |isbn=0520225600 |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

The [[Nara period]] of the eighth century marked the first emergence of a strong central Japanese state, centered around an imperial court in the city of [[Heijō Palace|Heijō-kyō]], or modern day [[Nara, Nara|Nara]]. In addition to the continuing adoption of Chinese administrative practices, the [[Nara period]] is characterized by the appearance of a nascent written literature with the completion of the massive chronicles ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) and ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720).<ref>{{cite book |author=Conrad Totman |year=2002 |title=A History of Japan |publisher=Blackwell |pages=64–79 | isbn=978-1405123594}}</ref> (Nara was not the first capital city in Japan, though. Before Nara, [[Fujiwara-kyō]] and [[Asuka, Yamato|Asuka]] served as capitals of the Yamato state.)

In 784, [[Emperor Kammu]] moved the capital from Nara to [[Nagaoka-kyō]] for a brief ten-year period, before relocating it to [[Heian-kyō]] (modern day [[Kyoto]]) in 794, where it remained for more than a millennium.<ref>{{cite book |author=Conrad Totman |year=2002 |title=A History of Japan |publisher=Blackwell |pages=79–87 | isbn=978-1405123594}}</ref> This marked the beginning of the [[Heian period]], during which time a distinctly indigenous Japanese culture emerged, noted for its [[Japanese art|art]], [[Japanese poetry|poetry]] and [[Japanese literature|literature]]. [[Murasaki Shikibu|Lady Murasaki's]] ''[[The Tale of Genji]]'' and the lyrics of modern Japan's national anthem, ''[[Kimi ga Yo]]'' were written during this time.<ref>{{cite book |author=Conrad Totman |year=2002 |title=A History of Japan |publisher=Blackwell |pages=122–123 | isbn=978-1405123594}}</ref>

Japan's [[feudalism|feudal]] era was characterized by the emergence of a ruling class of warriors, the [[samurai]]. In 1185, following the defeat of the rival [[Taira clan]], [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] was appointed [[Shogun]] and established a base of power in [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]]. After Yoritomo's death, the [[Hōjō clan]] came to rule as regents for the shoguns. [[Zen]] Buddhism was introduced from China in the [[Kamakura period]] (1185–1333) and became popular among the samurai class. The [[Kamakura shogunate]] managed to repel [[Mongol invasions of Japan|Mongol invasions]] in 1274 and 1281, aided by a storm that the Japanese interpreted as a ''[[Kamikaze (typhoon)|kamikaze]]'', or Divine Wind. The Kamakura shogunate was eventually [[Kemmu restoration|overthrown by Emperor Go-Daigo]], who was soon himself defeated by [[Ashikaga Takauji]] in 1336.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[George Sansom]] |year=1961 |title=A History of Japan: 1334–1615 |publisher=Stanford |pages=42 | isbn=0-8047-0525-9}}</ref> The succeeding [[Ashikaga shogunate]] failed to control the feudal warlords (''[[daimyo]]''), and a civil war erupted (the [[Ōnin War]]) in 1467 which opened a century-long [[Sengoku period]].<ref>{{cite book |author=[[George Sansom]] |year=1961 |title=A History of Japan: 1334–1615 |publisher=Stanford |pages=217 | isbn=0-8047-0525-9}}</ref>

During the sixteenth century, traders and [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[missionary|missionaries]] from [[Portugal]] reached Japan for the first time, initiating active commercial and cultural exchange between Japan and the West (''[[Nanban trade]]'').

[[Image:RedSealShip.JPG|thumb|200px|One of Japan's [[Red seal ships]] (1634), which were used for trade throughout Asia.]]
[[Image:Satsuma-samurai-during-boshin-war-period.jpg|thumb|200px|Samurai of the Satsuma clan during the [[Boshin War]], circa 1867.]]
[[Image:nagasakibomb.jpg|thumb|150px|upright|The 1945 [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombing]] of [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]].]]
[[Oda Nobunaga]] conquered numerous other daimyo by using European technology and [[firearm]]s and had almost unified the nation when he was assassinated in 1582. [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] succeeded Nobunaga and united the nation in 1590. Hideyoshi [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|invaded Korea twice]], but following several defeats by [[Korea]]n and [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] [[China]] forces and Hideyoshi's death, Japanese troops were withdrawn in 1598.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Stephen Turnbull (historian)|Stephen Turnbull]] |year=2002 |title=Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War |publisher=Cassel |pages=227| isbn=978-0304359486}}</ref>

After Hideyoshi's death, [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] utilized his position as regent for Hideyoshi's son [[Toyotomi Hideyori]] to gain political and military support. When open war broke out, he defeated rival clans in the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] in 1600. Ieyasu was appointed [[shogun|shōgun]] in 1603 and established the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] at [[Edo]] (modern [[Tokyo]]). The Tokugawa shogunate enacted a variety of measures such as ''[[Buke shohatto]]'' to control the autonomous daimyo. In 1639, the shogunate began the isolationist ''[[sakoku]]'' ("closed country") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of tenuous political unity known as the [[Edo period]]. The study of Western sciences, known as ''[[rangaku]]'', continued during this period through contacts with the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] enclave at [[Dejima]] in [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]]. The Edo period also gave rise to ''[[kokugaku]]'', or literally "national studies", the study of Japan by the Japanese themselves.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hooker |first=Richard |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/KOKUGAKU.HTM |title=Japan Glossary; Kokugaku | publisher = Washington State University | date=[[1999-07-14]] | accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref>

On [[March 31]], [[1854]], [[Matthew C. Perry|Commodore Matthew Perry]] and the "[[Black Ships]]" of the [[United States Navy]] forced the opening of Japan to the outside world with the [[Convention of Kanagawa]]. Subsequent similar treaties with the Western countries in the [[Bakumatsu]] period brought Japan into economic and political crises. The abundance of the prerogative and the resignation of the shogunate led to the [[Boshin War]] and the establishment of [[Abolition of the han system|a centralized state]] unified under the name of the Emperor ([[Meiji Restoration]]). Adopting Western political, judicial and military institutions, the [[Cabinet of Japan|Cabinet]] organized the [[Privy Council (Japan)|Privy Council]], introduced the [[Meiji Constitution]], and assembled the [[Diet of Japan|Imperial Diet]]. The [[Meiji Restoration]] transformed the [[Empire of Japan]] into an [[industrialisation|industrialized]] world power that embarked on a number of military conflicts to expand the nation's sphere of influence. After victories in the [[First Sino-Japanese War]] (1894–1895) and the [[Russo-Japanese War]] (1904–1905), Japan gained control of [[Taiwan]], [[Korea]], and the southern half of [[Sakhalin]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://filebox.vt.edu/users/jearnol2/MeijiRestoration/imperial_japan.htm |title=Japan: The Making of a World Superpower (Imperial Japan) |author=Jesse Arnold | publisher = vt.edu/users/jearnol2 | accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

The early twentieth century saw a brief period of "[[Taishō period|Taisho democracy]]" overshadowed by the rise of [[expansionism]] and [[Japanese militarism|militarization]]. [[World War I]] enabled Japan, which joined the side of the victorious [[Allies of World War I|Allies]], to [[Japan during World War I|expand its influence and territorial holdings]]. Japan continued its expansionist policy by occupying [[Manchuria]] in 1931. As a result of [[Lytton Report|international condemnation for this occupation]], Japan resigned from the [[League of Nations]] two years later. In 1936, Japan signed the [[Anti-Comintern Pact]] with [[Nazi Germany]], joining the [[Axis powers]] in 1941.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.friesian.com/pearl.htm |title= The Pearl Harbor Strike Force |author= Kelley L. Ross | publisher = friesian.com |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

In 1937, Japan invaded other parts of [[China]], precipitating the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] (1937–1945), after which the [[United States]] placed an oil embargo on Japan.<ref>{{cite book |author=Roland H. Worth, Jr. |title=No Choice But War: the United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the Pacific |publisher=McFarland |date=1995 |isbn=0-7864-0141-9}}</ref>
On [[December 7]], [[1941]], Japan [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|attacked the United States naval base]] in [[Pearl Harbor]] and declared war on the [[United States]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Netherlands]]. This act brought the United States into [[World War II]]. After the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombings]] of [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] in 1945, along with [[Operation August Storm|the Soviet Union joining the war against it]], Japan agreed to an [[Surrender of Japan|unconditional surrender]] on [[August 15]] ([[Victory over Japan Day]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.educationworld.net/txt15/surrend1.html |title=Japanese Instrument of Surrender |publisher=educationworld.net |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> The war cost Japan millions of lives and left much of the country's industry and infrastructure destroyed. The [[International Military Tribunal for the Far East]], was convened by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] (on [[May 3]], [[1946]]) to prosecute Japanese leaders for [[Japanese war crimes|war crimes]] such as the [[Nanking Massacre]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/nankingatrocities/Tribunals/imtfe_01.htm |title=The Nanking Atrocities: The Postwar Judgment |publisher=University of Missouri-Columbia |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

In 1947, Japan adopted a new [[Pacifism|pacifist]] [[Constitution of Japan|constitution]] emphasizing [[Liberal democracy|liberal democratic]] practices. [[Occupation of Japan|The Allied occupation]] ended by the [[Treaty of San Francisco]] in 1952<ref>{{cite web |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070306f3.html |title='52 coup plot bid to rearm Japan: CIA |author=Joseph Coleman| date=[[2006-03-06]]| publisher=[[The Japan Times]] |accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> and Japan was granted membership in the [[United Nations]] in 1956. Japan later achieved [[Japanese post-war economic miracle|spectacular growth]] to become the second largest economy in the world, with an annual growth rate averaging 10% for four decades. This ended in the mid-1990s when Japan suffered [[Japanese asset price bubble|a major recession]]. Positive growth in the early twenty-first century has signaled a gradual recovery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5178822.stm |title=Japan scraps zero interest rates |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |date=[[2006-07-14]] |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref>

==Government and politics==
{{main|Government of Japan|Politics of Japan}}
[[Image:Kokkaigijido.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The [[National Diet Building]], in [[Nagatachō, Tokyo]].]]
Japan is a [[constitutional monarchy]] where the power of the [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the [[Constitution of Japan|constitution]] as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the [[Prime Minister of Japan]] and other elected members of the [[Diet of Japan|Diet]], while sovereignty is vested in the [[Japanese people]].<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |url=http://www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/law/index.htm |title=The Constitution of Japan |publisher=House of Councillors of the National Diet of Japan |date=[[1946-11-03]] |accessdate=2007-03-10}}</ref> The Emperor effectively acts as the [[head of state]] on diplomatic occasions. [[Akihito]] is the current Emperor of Japan. [[Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan]], stands as next in line to the throne.

Japan's legislative organ is the [[Diet of Japan|National Diet]], a bicameral [[parliament]]. The Diet consists of a [[House of Representatives of Japan|House of Representatives]], containing 480 seats, elected by popular vote every four years or when dissolved and a [[House of Councillors]] of 242 seats, whose popularly-elected members serve six-year terms. There is [[universal suffrage]] for adults over 20 years of age,<ref name="ciawfbjapan">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |title=World Factbook; Japan |publisher=[[CIA]] |date=[[2007-03-15]] | accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> with a [[secret ballot]] for all elective offices.<ref name="Constitution"/> The [[Liberal conservatism|liberal conservative]] [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP) has been in power since 1955, except for a short-lived [[coalition government]] formed from opposition parties in 1993.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jimin.jp/jimin/english/history/index.html |title=A History of the Liberal Democratic Party |publisher=Liberal Democratic Party of Japan |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The largest opposition party is the [[Social liberalism|social liberal]] [[Democratic Party of Japan]].

The Prime Minister of Japan is the [[head of government]]. The position is appointed by the [[Emperor of Japan]] after being designated by the [[Diet of Japan|Diet]] from among its members and must enjoy the confidence of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|House of Representatives]] to remain in office. The Prime Minister is the head of the [[Cabinet of Japan|Cabinet]] (the literal translation of his Japanese title is "Prime Minister of the Cabinet") and appoints and dismisses the [[Minister of State|Ministers of State]], a majority of whom must be Diet members. [[Yasuo Fukuda]] currently serves as the Prime Minister of Japan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/index-e.html |title=Prime Minister of Japan and his Cabinet |publisher=Office of the Prime Minister of Japan| accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

Historically influenced by [[Chinese law]], the [[law of Japan|Japanese legal system]] developed independently during the [[Edo period]] through texts such as ''[[Kujikata Osadamegaki]]''. However, since the late nineteenth century, the [[judicial system of Japan|judicial system]] has been largely based on the [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] of [[Europe]], notably [[France]] and [[Germany]]. For example, in 1896, the Japanese government established a [[civil code]] based on the German model. With post-World War II modifications, the code remains in effect in present-day Japan.<ref name="civilcode">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9043364?hook=6804 |title="Japanese Civil Code" |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=2006 |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> Statutory law originates in Japan's legislature, the National Diet of Japan, with the [[Rubber stamp (politics)|rubber stamp]] approval of the Emperor. The current constitution requires that the Emperor promulgates legislation passed by the Diet, without specifically giving him the power to oppose the passing of the legislation.<ref name="Constitution"/> Japan's court system is divided into four basic tiers: the [[Supreme Court of Japan|Supreme Court]] and three levels of lower courts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/judiciary/0620system.html |publisher=Office of the Prime Minister of Japan |title=The Japanese Judicial System |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The main body of Japanese statutory law is a collection called the [[Six Codes]].<ref name="civilcode"/>

==Foreign relations and military==
{{main|Foreign relations of Japan|Japan Self-Defense Forces|Ministry of Defense (Japan)}}
[[Image:Fukuda meets Bush 16 November 2007.jpg|thumb|left|[[Yasuo Fukuda]] with [[US President]] [[George W. Bush]]]]
[[Image:japanese sailors jmsdf.jpg|thumb|Sailors aboard the [[JMSDF]] training vessel JDS Kashima]]
Japan maintains close economic and military relations with its key ally the [[United States]], with the [[Japan-United States relations|U.S.-Japan security alliance]] serving as the cornerstone of its [[foreign policy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/03/japan_is_back_why_tokyos_new_a.html |title=Japan Is Back: Why Tokyo's New Assertiveness Is Good for Washington| author=Michael Green |publisher=Real Clear Politics | accessdate=2007-03-28}}</ref> A member state of the [[United Nations]] since 1956, Japan has served as a non-permanent [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]] member for a [[List of elected members of the United Nations Security Council#Scoretable|total of 18 years]], most recently in 2005–2006. It is also one of the [[G4 nations]] seeking permanent membership in the Security Council.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centralchronicle.com/20070111/1101194.htm |title=UK backs Japan for UNSC bid |publisher=Cenral Chronicle | accessdate=2007-03-28}}</ref> As a member of the [[G8]], the [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]], the "[[Association of Southeast Asian Nations Plus Three|ASEAN Plus Three]]" and a participant in the [[East Asia Summit]], Japan actively participates in international affairs. It is also the world's second-largest donor of [[official development assistance]], donating US$8.86 bn in 2004.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/40/3/35389786.pdf Table: Net Official Development Assistance In 2004 (PDF).]|32.9 [[Kibibyte|KiB]]}} Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ([[2005-04-11]]). Retrieved on [[2006-12-28]].</ref> Japan contributed non-combatant troops to the [[Iraq War]] but subsequently withdrew its forces from [[Iraq]].<ref name="Iraq deployment">{{cite web |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/06/20/news/japan.php |title= Tokyo says it will bring troops home from Iraq |publisher=[[International Herald Tribune]] |date=[[2006-06-20]] | accessdate=2007-03-28}}</ref>

Japan is engaged in several territorial disputes with its neighbors: with [[Russia]] over the [[Kuril Islands dispute|South Kuril Islands]], with [[South Korea]] over the [[Liancourt Rocks]], with the [[People's Republic of China]] and [[Republic of China|Taiwan]] over the [[Senkaku Islands]] and the [[EEZ]] around [[Okinotorishima]].

Japan also faces an ongoing dispute with [[North Korea]] over its [[North Korean abductions of Japanese|abduction of Japanese citizens]] and its [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear weapons and missile program]] (see also [[Six-party talks]]). As a result of the Kuril Islands dispute, Japan is technically still at war with Russia since no treaty resolving the issue was ever signed.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html CIA - The World Factbook - Russia]</ref>

Japan's military is restricted by the [[Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution]], which renounces Japan's right to declare war or use military force as a means of settling international disputes. Japan's military is governed by the [[Ministry of Defense (Japan)|Ministry of Defense]], and primarily consists of the [[Japan Ground Self-Defense Force]] (JGSDF), the [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]] (JMSDF) and the [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force]] (JASDF). The forces have been recently used in [[peacekeeping]] operations and the [[Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group|deployment of Japanese troops to Iraq]] marked the first overseas use of its military since [[World War II]].<ref name="Iraq deployment"/>

==Administrative divisions==
{{main|Prefectures of Japan|Cities of Japan|Towns of Japan|Villages of Japan|List of Japanese cities by population}}

[[Image:Regions and Prefectures of Japan.png|thumb|left|Map of the prefectures of [[Japan]] in [[ISO 3166-2:JP]] order and the [[regions of Japan]].]]

While there exist eight commonly defined [[regions of Japan]], administratively Japan consists of [[Prefectures of Japan|forty-seven prefectures]], each overseen by an elected governor, legislature and administrative bureaucracy. The [[Tokyo City|former city of Tokyo]] is further divided into [[Special wards of Tokyo|twenty-three special wards]], each with the same powers as cities.

The nation is currently undergoing administrative [[Merger and dissolution of municipalities of Japan|reorganization by merging]] many of the cities, towns and villages with each other. This process will reduce the number of sub-prefecture administrative regions and is expected to cut administrative costs.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mabuchi |first=Masaru |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/WBI/Resources/wbi37175.pdf |title=''Municipal Amalgamation in Japan'' (PDF) |publisher=World Bank |date=May 2001 | accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref>

Japan has dozens of [[List of Japanese cities by population|major cities]], which play an important role in Japan's culture, heritage and economy. Those in the list below of the ten most populous are all prefectural capitals and [[city designated by government ordinance|government ordinance cities]], except where indicated:

==Geography==
{{main|Geography of Japan}}
[[Image:Satellite image of Japan in May 2003.jpg|thumb|Japan from space, May 2003.]]
[[Image:Mountfujijapan.jpg|thumb|[[Mount Fuji]]]]
[[Image:Mt.Yarigatake from Enzansou.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mount Yari]], [[Nagano Prefecture]] in August]]
[[Image:Minnajima beach, Okinawa.jpg|thumb|left|Beach in Minnajima, [[Okinawa]] in September]]
Japan is a country of over three thousand islands extending along the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] coast of Asia. The main islands, running from north to south, are [[Hokkaidō]], [[Honshū]] (the main island), [[Shikoku]] and [[Kyūshū]]. The [[Ryukyu Islands]], including [[Okinawa Island|Okinawa]], are a chain of islands south of Kyushū. Together they are often known as the [[Japanese Archipelago]].

About 70% to 80% of the country is [[forest]]ed, mountainous,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761566679/Japan.html |title="Japan" |publisher=Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia |date=2006 |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldinfozone.com/country.php?country=Japan |title=Japan Information—Page 1 |publisher=WorldInfoZone.com |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> and unsuitable for agricultural, industrial, or residential use. This is because of the generally steep elevations, climate and risk of landslides caused by earthquakes, soft ground and heavy rain. This has resulted in an extremely high population density in the habitable zones that are mainly located in coastal areas. Japan is one of the [[list of countries by population density|most densely populated countries]] in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unpp/ |title=World Population Prospects |publisher=UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

Its location on the [[Pacific Ring of Fire]], at the juncture of three tectonic plates, gives Japan frequent low-intensity tremors and occasional volcanic activity. Destructive [[earthquake]]s, often resulting in [[tsunami]]s, occur several times each century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/japan_tec.html |title=Tectonics and Volcanoes of Japan |publisher=Oregon State University |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The most recent major quakes are the [[2004 Chūetsu earthquake]] and the [[Great Hanshin earthquake|Great Hanshin Earthquake]] of 1995. [[Onsen|Hot springs]] are numerous and have been developed as resorts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/arrange/attractions/hotSprings.html |title=Attractions: Hot Springs |publisher=[[JNTO]] |accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref>

The climate of Japan is predominantly [[temperate]], but varies greatly from north to south.<ref name="climate">{{cite web |url=http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/arrange/essential/climate.html |title=Essential Info: Climate |publisher=[[JNTO]] |accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref> Japan's geographical features divide it into six principal climatic zones:
* [[Hokkaidō]]: The northernmost zone has a temperate climate with long, cold winters and cool summers. [[precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]] is not heavy, but the islands usually develop deep snow banks in the winter.
* [[Sea of Japan]]: On Honshū's west coast, the northwest wind in the wintertime brings heavy snowfall. In the summer, the region is cooler than the Pacific area, though it sometimes experiences extremely hot temperatures, because of the [[foehn wind]] phenomenon.
* [[Central Highland (Japan)|Central Highland]]: A typical inland climate, with large temperature differences between summer and winter, and between day and night. Precipitation is light.
* [[Inland Sea|Seto Inland Sea]]: The mountains of the [[Chūgoku region|Chūgoku]] and [[Shikoku]] regions shelter the region from the seasonal winds, bringing mild weather throughout the year.
* [[Pacific Ocean]]: The east coast experiences cold winters with little snowfall and hot, humid summers because of the southeast seasonal wind.
* [[Ryukyu Islands]]: The Ryukyu Islands have a subtropical climate, with warm winters and hot summers. Precipitation is very heavy, especially during the rainy season. [[tropical cyclone|Typhoons]] are common.

The hottest temperature ever measured in Japan — 40.9 degrees Celsius — was recorded on [[August 16]], [[2007]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.japannewsreview.com/society/national/20070816page_id=1553 |title=Gifu Prefecture sees highest temperature ever recorded in Japan - 40.9 |publisher=Japan News Review Society |date=2007-08-16| accessdate=2007-08-16}}</ref>

The main [[East Asian rainy season|rainy season]] begins in early May in Okinawa, and the stationary rain front responsible for this gradually works its way north until it dissipates in northern Japan before reaching Hokkaidō in late July. In most of Honshū, the rainy season begins before the middle of June and lasts about six weeks. In late summer and early autumn, typhoons often bring heavy rain.<ref name="climate"/>

Japan is home to nine forest [[ecoregions in Japan|ecoregions]] which reflect the climate and geography of the islands. They range from [[Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|subtropical moist broadleaf forests]] in the Ryūkyū and Bonin islands, to [[temperate broadleaf and mixed forests]] in the mild climate regions of the main islands, to [[temperate coniferous forest]]s in the cold, winter portions of the northern islands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/jicc/spotflora.htm |title=Flora and Fauna: Diversity and regional uniqueness |publisher=Embassy of Japan in the USA |accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref>

==Environment==
:{{main|Environmental protection in Japan|Global warming}}
Japan's environmental history and current policies reflect a tenuous balance between economic development and environmental protection. In the rapid economic growth after the [[World War II]], environmental policies were downplayed by the government and industrial corporations. As an inevitable consequence, some crucial environmental pollution (see [[Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan|Pollution in Japan]]) occurred in 1950s and 1960s. In the rising concern over the problem, the government introduced many environmental protection laws<ref>[http://www.erca.go.jp/taiki/history/ko_syousyu.html 日本の大気汚染の歴史], Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency</ref> in 1970 and established the [[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]] in 1971. The [[1973 oil crisis|Oil crisis in 1973]] also encouraged the efficient use of energy due to Japan's lack of natural resources.<ref>[http://nice.erina.or.jp/en/pdf/C-SEKIYAMA.pdf Japan' international cooperation for energy efficiency & conservation in Asian region.], Takeshi Sekiyama, Energy Conservation Center, 2008</ref> Current priority environmental issues include urban [[air pollution]] ([[NOx]], suspended particulate matter, toxics), [[waste management]], water eutrophication, [[nature conservation]], [[climate change]], chemical management and international co-operation for environmental conservation.<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/0/17/2110905.pdf OECD Environmental Performance Review of Japan], [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]]</ref>

Today Japan is one of the world's leaders in the development of new environment-friendly technologies. [[Honda]] and [[Toyota]] vehicles were named to have the highest fuel economy and lowest emissions.<ref>[http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/vehicles_health/automaker-rankings-2007.html Automaker Rankings 2007: The Environmental Performance of Car Companies], [[Union of Concerned Scientists]], 10/15/07.</ref> This is due to the advanced technology in hybrid systems, biofuels, use of lighter weight material and better engineering.

Japan also takes issues surrounding [[climate change]] and [[global warming]] seriously{{fact}}. As a signatory of the [[Kyoto Protocol]], and host of the 1997 conference which created it, Japan is under treaty obligations to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions and to take other steps related to curbing climate change. The [[Cool Biz campaign]] introduced under former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi was targeted at reducing energy use through the reduction of air conditioning use in government offices.

Japan is ranked 30th best in the world in the Environmental Sustainability Index.<ref>[http://www.yale.edu/esi/ESI2005_Main_Report.pdf 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index Benchmarking National Environmental Stewardship], [[Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy]], [[Yale University]] and [[Center for International Earth Science Information Network]], [[Columbia University]], 2005.</ref>

==Economy==
{{main|Economy of Japan}}
[[Image:2007 Lexus LX 570 01.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The automobile industry is among the chief elements of the country's economy and exports.]]
Close [[government]]-[[industry]] cooperation, a strong [[work ethic]], mastery of [[high tech]]nology, and a comparatively small [[Defense budget of Japan|defense allocation]] among others have helped Japan become the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|second largest]] economy in the world,<ref name="imf">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/02/data/weorept.aspx?sy=2005&ey=2005&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C446%2C914%2C666%2C612%2C668%2C614%2C672%2C311%2C946%2C213%2C137%2C911%2C962%2C193%2C674%2C122%2C676%2C912%2C548%2C313%2C556%2C419%2C678%2C513%2C181%2C316%2C682%2C913%2C684%2C124%2C273%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C558%2C516%2C138%2C918%2C353%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C283%2C228%2C853%2C924%2C288%2C233%2C293%2C632%2C566%2C636%2C964%2C634%2C182%2C238%2C453%2C662%2C968%2C960%2C922%2C423%2C714%2C935%2C862%2C128%2C716%2C611%2C456%2C321%2C722%2C243%2C965%2C248%2C718%2C469%2C724%2C253%2C576%2C642%2C936%2C643%2C961%2C939%2C813%2C644%2C199%2C819%2C184%2C172%2C524%2C132%2C361%2C646%2C362%2C648%2C364%2C915%2C732%2C134%2C366%2C652%2C734%2C174%2C144%2C328%2C146%2C258%2C463%2C656%2C528%2C654%2C923%2C336%2C738%2C263%2C578%2C268%2C537%2C532%2C742%2C944%2C866%2C176%2C369%2C534%2C744%2C536%2C186%2C429%2C925%2C178%2C746%2C436%2C926%2C136%2C466%2C343%2C112%2C158%2C111%2C439%2C298%2C916%2C927%2C664%2C846%2C826%2C299%2C542%2C582%2C443%2C474%2C917%2C754%2C544%2C698%2C941&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr1.x=64&pr1.y=9 |title=World Economic Outlook Database; country comparisons |publisher=[[IMF]] |date=[[2006-09-01]] |accessdate=2007-03-14}}</ref> after the [[United States]], at around US$4.5 [[Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1012|trillion]] in terms of [[gross domestic product|nominal GDP]]<ref name="imf"/> and third after the [[United States]] and [[People's Republic of China|China]] in terms of [[purchasing power parity]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_gdp_ppp-economy-gdp-ppp |title=NationMaster; Economy Statistics |publisher=[[NationMaster]] |accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref>

[[Bank]]ing, [[insurance]], [[real estate]], [[retailing]], [[Transport in Japan|transportation]] and [[telecommunication]]s are all major industries. Japan has a large industrial capacity and is home to some of the largest, leading and most technologically advanced producers of [[motor vehicle]]s, [[Electronics|electronic equipment]], [[machine tool]]s, [[steel]] and nonferrous [[metal]]s, [[ship]]s, [[chemical substance|chemicals]], [[textile]]s and [[food processing|processed food]]s.<ref name="ciaecon"/> [[Construction]] has long been one of Japan's largest industries, with the help of multi-billion dollar government contracts in the civil sector. Distinguishing characteristics of the Japanese economy have included the cooperation of manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and banks in closely-knit groups called ''[[keiretsu]]'' and the guarantee of [[lifetime employment]] in big corporations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7193984 |title=Japan's Economy: Free at last |publisher=[[The Economist]] |date=2006-07-20 |accessdate=2007-03-29}}</ref> Recently, Japanese companies have begun to abandon some of these norms in an attempt to increase profitability.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moneyweek.com/file/26181/why-germanys-economy-will-outshine-japan.html |title=Why Germany's economy will outshine Japan |publisher=MoneyWeek |date=2007-02-28 |accessdate=2007-03-28}}</ref>

[[Image:Tokyo stock exchange.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]] is the second largest in the world.]]
Japan is also home to some of the largest [[financial services]] companies, [[business group]]s and [[bank]] such as [[Sony]], [[Sumitomo Group|Sumitomo]], [[Mitsubishi]] and [[Toyota Group|Toyota]]. It is also home to [[Bank#Bank_size_information|the world's largest bank]] by asset, [[Japan Post Bank]] (US$3.2 [[Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1012|trillion]])<ref>[http://www.jp-bank.japanpost.jp/en/aboutus/company/en_abt_cmp_profile.html Corporate Profile], [[Japan Post Bank]] Co., Ltd.</ref> and others such as [[Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group]] (US$1.2 trillion),<ref>[http://www.mufg.jp/english/profile/overview/ Company Overview], [[Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group]], Inc.</ref> [[Mizuho Financial Group]] (US$1.4 trillion)<ref>[http://www.mizuho-fg.co.jp/english/company/about/info.html Company Information], [[Mizuho Financial Group]].</ref> and [[Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group]] (US$1.3 trillion).<ref>[http://www.smfg.co.jp/english/aboutus/profile/smfg.html Company Profile], [[Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group]].</ref> The [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]] with a market [[capitalization]] of over 549.7 [[Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1012|trillion]] Yen as of December 2006 stands as the second largest in the world.<ref>[http://www.nyse.com/events/1170156816059.html Market data.] New York Stock Exchange ([[2006-01-31]]). Retrieved on [[2007-08-11]].</ref>

From the 1960s to the 1980s, overall real economic growth has been called [[Japanese post-war economic miracle|a "miracle"]]: a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s and a 4% average in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-7176.html |title=Japan: Patterns of Development |publisher=country-data.com |date=January 1994 |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, largely because of the after-effects of [[Japanese asset price bubble|over-investment during the late 1980s]] and domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. Government efforts to revive economic growth met with little success and were further hampered in 2000 to 2001 by the deceleration of the global economy.<ref name="ciaecon">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html#Econ |title=World Factbook; Japan—Economy |publisher=[[CIA]] |date=[[2006-12-19]] | accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> However, the economy showed strong signs of recovery after 2005. GDP growth for that year was 2.8%, with an annualized fourth quarter expansion of 5.5%, surpassing the growth rates of the US and [[European Union]] during the same period.<ref>Masake, Hisane. [http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Japan/HC02Dh01.html A farewell to zero]. ''Asia Times Online'' ([[2006-03-02]]). Retrieved on [[2006-12-28]].</ref>

Because only about 15% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation,<ref>Kingshuk Roy. {{PDFlink|[http://www.nourin.tsukuba.ac.jp/~tasae/Japan.pdf Water Resources in relation to Major Agro-Environmental Issues in Japan]|111 [[Kibibyte|KiB]]}}. College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (2006). Retrieved on [[2007-02-21]].</ref> a system of terrace farming is used to build in small areas. This results in one of the world's highest levels of crop yields per unit area. However, Japan's small [[Agriculture|agricultural]] sector is also highly subsidized and protected. Japan must import about 50%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/ibi-iai.nsf/en/bi18701e.html |title=Japan: Country Information |publisher=Strategis |accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref> of its requirements of [[cereal|grain]] and fodder crops other than rice, and it relies on imports for most of its supply of [[meat]]. In fishing, Japan is ranked second in the world behind [[People's Republic of China|China]] in tonnage of fish caught. Japan maintains one of the world's largest [[fishing]] fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch.<ref name="ciaecon"/> Japan relies on foreign countries for almost all [[oil]] and [[food]].

Transportation in Japan is highly developed. As of 2004, there are 1,177,278 km (731,683 s) of paved roadways, 173 airports, and 23,577 km (14,653 miles) of [[rail transport|railway]]s.<ref name="ciaecon"/> Air transport is mostly operated by [[All Nippon Airways]] (ANA) and [[Japan Airlines]] (JAL). Railways are operated by [[Japan Railways Group]] among others. There are extensive international flights from many cities and countries to and from Japan.

Japan's main export partners are the [[United States]] 22.8%, the [[European Union]] 14.5%, [[People's Republic of China|China]] 14.3%, [[South Korea]] 7.8%, [[Republic of China|Taiwan]] 6.8% and [[Hong Kong]] 5.6% (for 2006). Japan's main exports are transport equipment, [[motor vehicle]]s, [[electronics]], electrical machinery and [[chemical substance|chemicals]].<ref name="ciaecon"/> With very limited [[natural resource]]s to sustain economic development, Japan depends on other nations for most of its raw materials; thus it imports a wide variety of goods. Its main import partners are [[People's Republic of China|China]] 20.5%, [[United States|U.S.]] 12.0%, the [[European Union]] 10.3%, [[Saudi Arabia]] 6.4%, [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] 5.5%, [[Australia]] 4.8%, [[South Korea]] 4.7% and [[Indonesia]] 4.2% (for 2006). Japan's main imports are machinery and equipment, [[fossil fuel]]s, [[food]]stuffs (in particular [[beef]]), [[chemical substance|chemicals]], [[textile]]s and raw materials for its industries. Overall, Japan's largest trading partners are [[People's Republic of China|China]] and the [[United States]].<ref>Blustein, Paul. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40192-2005Jan26.html "China Passes U.S. In Trade With Japan: 2004 Figures Show Asian Giant's Muscle".] ''[[The Washington Post]]'' ([[2005-01-27]]). Retrieved on [[2006-12-28]].</ref>

==Science and technology==
{{main|Science and technology in Japan}}
[[Image:Honda ASIMO Walking Stairs.JPG|thumb|right|Press release photo of the most recent ASIMO model.]]
Japan is one of the leading nations in the fields of [[research|scientific research]], particularly [[technology]], [[machine]]ry and [[biomedical research]]. Nearly 700,000 researchers share a [[United States dollar|US$]]130 billion [[research and development]] budget, the third largest in the world.<ref>McDonald, Joe. "China to spend $136 billion on R&D." ''BusinessWeek'' ([[2006-12-04]]).</ref> For instance some of Japan's more prominent technological contributions are found in the fields of [[electronics]], [[automobile]]s, [[machine]]ry, [[industrial robot]]ics, [[optics]], [[chemical substance|chemicals]], [[semiconductor]]s and [[metal]]s. Japan leads the world in [[robotics]] production and use, possessing more than half (402,200 of 742,500) of the world's industrial robots used for manufacturing.<ref>[http://www.unece.org/press/pr2000/00stat10e.htm The Boom in Robot Investment Continues—900,000 Industrial Robots by 2003.] and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Press release [[2000-10-17]]. Retrieved on [[2006-12-28]].</ref> It also produced [[QRIO]], [[ASIMO]] and [[AIBO]]. Japan is the world's largest producer of automobiles<ref>{{cite web |title=World Motor Vehicle Production by Country |publisher=[[OICA|oica.net]] |date=2006 |url=http://www.oica.net/htdocs/statistics/tableaux2006/worldprod_country-2.pdf |accessdate=2007-07-30}}</ref> and home to six of the [[automotive industry|world's fifteen largest]] automobile manufacturers and seven of the [[semiconductor sales leaders by year|world's twenty largest]] [[semiconductor]] sales leaders as of today.

Japan has plans in [[space exploration]], including building a [[colonization of the Moon|moonbase]] by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |title=Japan Plans Moon Base by 2030 |publisher=MoonDaily |date=2006-08-03 |url=http://www.moondaily.com/reports/Japan_Plans_Moon_Base_By_2030_999.html |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The [[Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency]] (JAXA) conducts space and planetary research, aviation research, and development of rockets and satellites. It is a participant in the [[International Space Station]] and the [[Japanese Experiment Module]] (Kibo) is slated to be added to the International Space Station during [[Space Shuttle]] assembly flights in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Homepage |publisher = Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency|date=2006-08-03 |url=http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html |accessdate=2007-03-28}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{main|Demographics of Japan|Japanese language|Japanese people|Religion in Japan}}
[[Image:Shibuya tokyo.jpg|thumb|left|A view of [[Shibuya, Tokyo|Shibuya crossing]], an example of Tokyo's often crowded streets.]]
[[Image:KyotoFushimiInariLarge.jpg|left|thumb|Shinto [[torii]] at [[Fushimi Inari-taisha]], Kyoto.]]
Japan's population is estimated at around 127.4 million.<ref name="ciapeople">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html#People |title=World Factbook; Japan—People |publisher=[[CIA]] |date=[[2006-12-19]] |accessdate=2007-01-05}}</ref> For the most part, Japanese society is [[Linguistics|linguistically]] and culturally homogeneous with small populations of foreign workers, [[Koreans in Japan|Zainichi Korean]]s, [[Chinese people in Japan|Zainichi Chinese]], [[Filipinos in Japan|Filipinos]], [[Japanese Brazilian]]s and others. The most dominant native [[ethnic group]] is the [[Yamato people]]; the primary [[minority group]]s include the indigenous [[Ainu people|Ainu]] and [[Ryukyuan people|Ryukyuan]], as well as social minority groups like the ''[[burakumin]]''.

Japan has one of the highest [[life expectancy]] rates in the world, at 81.25 years of age as of 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html |title=The World Factbook: Rank order—Life expectancy at birth |publisher=[[CIA]] |date=[[2006-12-19]] |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> The Japanese population is rapidly aging, the effect of [[Post-World War II baby boom|a post-war baby boom]] followed by a decrease in births in the latter part of the twentieth century. In 2004, about 19.5% of the population was over the age of 65.<ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.go.jp/English/data/handbook/c02cont.htm |title=Statistical Handbook of Japan: Chapter 2—Population |publisher=Japan Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref>

The changes in the demographic structure have created a number of social issues, particularly a potential decline in the workforce population and increases in the cost of social security benefits such as the [[pension|public pension plan]]. It is also noted that many Japanese youth are increasingly preferring not to [[marriage|marry]] or have families as adults.<ref name="Ogawa"/> Japan's population is expected to drop to 100 million by 2050 and to 64 million by 2100.<ref name="handbook"/> Demographers and government planners are currently in a heated debate over how to cope with this problem.<ref name="Ogawa">Ogawa, Naohiro.[http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/japan/socsec/ogawa.html "Demographic Trends and Their Implications for Japan's Future"] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Transcript of speech delivered on ([[7 March]], [[1997]]). Retrieved on [[14 May]] [[2006]].</ref> [[Immigration]] and birth incentives are sometimes suggested as a solution to provide younger workers to support the nation's aging population.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jipi.gr.jp/english/message.html |title=Japan Immigration Policy Institute: Director's message| author= Hidenori Sakanaka| publisher=Japan Immigration Policy Institute |date=[[2005-10-05]] |accessdate=2007-01-05}}</ref> <ref>French, Howard.[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/24/international/asia/24JAPA.html?ei=5007&en=53c7315175389e69&ex=1374379200&partner=USERLAND&pagewanted=all&position= "Insular Japan Needs, but Resists, Immigration".] "[[The New York Times]]" ([[2003-07-24]]). Retrieved on [[2007-02-21]].</ref>
{{bar box
| title=Japanese religiosity
| titlebar=#ddd
| left1=religion
| right1=percent
| float=right
| bars=
{{bar percent|Shinto and Buddhism|red|95}}
{{bar percent|Christianity|blue|0.8}}
{{bar percent|Others|purple|4}}
}}
The highest estimates for the amount of Buddhists and Shintoists in Japan is 84-96%, representing a large number of believers in a syncretism of both religions.<ref name="ciawfbjapan"/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71342.htm |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2006 |author=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor |publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=2006-09-15 |accessdate=2007-12-04}}</ref> However, these estimates are based on people with an association with a temple, rather than the number of people truly following the religion.<ref name=Kisala>{{cite book
| last = Kisala | first = Robert | editor= Robert Wargo| title = The Logic Of Nothingness: A Study of Nishida Kitarō | publisher = University of Hawaii Press| date = 2005| pages = 3-4 | isbn = 0824822846}}</ref> Professor Robert Kisala ([[Nanzan University]]) suggests that only 30 percent of the population identify themselves as belonging to a religion.<ref name=Kisala/>

[[Taoism]] and [[Confucianism]] from China have also influenced Japanese beliefs and customs. Religion in Japan tends to be [[syncretism|syncretic]] in nature, and this results in a variety of practices, such as parents and children celebrating [[Shinto]] rituals, students praying before exams, couples holding a wedding at a [[Christian]] [[church]] and funerals being held at [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temples. A minority (0.7%) profess to [[Christianity]].<ref name="ciapeople"/> In addition, since the mid-19th century, numerous religious sects (''[[Shinshūkyō]]'') have emerged in Japan, such as [[Tenrikyo]] and [[Aleph|Aum Shinrikyo/Aleph]].

About 99% of the population speaks [[Japanese language|Japanese]] as their first language.<ref name="ciapeople" /> It is an [[agglutinative language]] distinguished by a system of [[Honorific speech in Japanese|honorifics]] reflecting the [[Hierarchy|hierarchical]] nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary which indicate the relative status of speaker and listener. According to a [[Japanese dictionary]] ''Shinsen-kokugojiten'', [[Sino-Japanese vocabulary|Chinese-based words]] comprise 49.1% of the total vocabulary, indigenous words are 33.8% and other [[loanword]]s are 8.8%.<ref>Shinsen-kokugojiten (新選国語辞典), [[Kyōsuke Kindaichi]], [[Shogakukan]], 2001, ISBN 4095014075</ref> The [[Japanese writing system|writing system]] uses [[kanji]] ([[Chinese character]]s) and two sets of [[kana]] ([[Syllabary|syllabaries]] based on simplified Chinese characters), as well as the [[Latin alphabet]] and [[Arabic numerals]]. The [[Ryukyuan languages]], also part of the [[Japonic languages|Japonic language family]] to which Japanese belongs, are spoken in [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]], but few children learn these languages.<ref>言語学大辞典セレクション：日本列島の言語 (''Selection from the Encyclopædia of Linguistics: The Languages of the Japanese Archipelago''). "琉球列島の言語" (''The Languages of the Ryukyu Islands''). 三省堂 1997</ref> The [[Ainu language]] is [[Moribund language|moribund]], with only a few elderly [[First language|native speakers]] remaining in [[Hokkaidō]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/works/culture/japan_story.html |title=15 families keep ancient language alive in Japan |publisher=[[UN]] | accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> Most public and private schools require students to take courses in both Japanese and English.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20060427225148/http://www.indiana.edu/~japan/digest5.html |title=Japan Digest: Japanese Education |date=2005-09-01 |author= Lucien Ellington|publisher=Indiana University |accessdate=2006-04-27}}</ref>

{{Japanese cities}}

==Education and health==
{{main|Education in Japan|Health care in Japan}}
[[Image:Yasuda Auditorium, Tokyo University - Nov 2005.JPG|thumb|Yasuda Auditorium, [[University of Tokyo]].]]
Primary, secondary schools and universities were introduced into Japan in 1872 as a result of the [[Meiji Restoration]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fpri.org/footnotes/087.200312.ellington.japaneseeducation.html |title=Beyond the Rhetoric: Essential Questions About Japanese Education |author=Lucien Ellington|publisher=Foreign Policy Research Institute |date=[[2003-12-01]] |accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref> Since 1947, compulsory education in Japan consists of [[elementary school]] and [[middle school]], which lasts for nine years (from age 6 to age 15). Almost all children continue their education at a three-year senior [[high school]], and, according to the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)|MEXT]], about 75.9% of high school graduates attend a [[university]], [[junior college]], trade school, or other post-secondary institution in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mext.go.jp/english/statist/05101901/005.pdf |title= School Education |publisher= [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)|MEXT]] | format = [[PDF]] | accessdate=2007-03-10}}</ref> Japan's education is very competitive,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usyd.edu.au/news/international/226.html?newsstoryid=1568 |title=Rethinking Japanese education |author=Kate Rossmanith|publisher=The University of Sydney |date=[[2007-02-05]]| accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref> especially for entrance to institutions of higher education. The two top-ranking universities in Japan are the [[University of Tokyo]] and [[Kyoto University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alnaja7.org/success/Education/times_world_ranking_2005.pdf |title=The Times Higher Education Supplement World University Rankings |date=[[2005-10-28]] |publisher= TSL Education Ltd. |format = [[PDF]] | accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> The [[Programme for International Student Assessment]] coordinated by the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], currently ranks Japanese knowledge and skills of 15-year-olds as the 6th best in the world.<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/document/22/0,3343,en_2649_201185_39713238_1_1_1_1,00.html OECD’s PISA survey shows some countries making significant gains in learning outcomes], [[OECD]], 04/12/2007. [http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale]</ref>

In Japan, healthcare services are provided by national and local governments. Payment for personal medical services is offered through a universal health care insurance system that provides relative equality of access, with fees set by a government committee. People without insurance through employers can participate in a national health insurance program administered by local governments. Since 1973, all elderly persons have been covered by government-sponsored insurance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyu.edu/projects/rodwin/lessons.html |author=Victor Rodwin|title=Health Care in Japan |publisher=New York University |accessdate=2007-03-10}}</ref> Patients are free to select physicians or facilities of their choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipss.go.jp/s-info/e/Jasos/Health.html |title=Health Insurance: General Characteristics |publisher=National Institute of Population and Social Security Research |accessdate=2007-03-28}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Culture and recreation==
{{main|Culture of Japan}}
[[Image:The Great Wave off Kanagawa.jpg|thumb|left|''[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]]'' (1832), an ''[[ukiyo-e]]'' from ''[[36 Views of Mount Fuji (Hokusai)|Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji]]'' by [[Hokusai]].]]
Japanese culture has evolved greatly over the years, from the country's original [[Jōmon period|Jōmon]] culture to its contemporary culture, which combines influences from [[Asia]], [[Europe]] and [[North America]]. Traditional [[Japanese art]]s include [[Japanese handicrafts|crafts]] ([[ikebana]], [[origami]], [[ukiyo-e]], [[Japanese traditional dolls|dolls]], [[lacquer]]ware, [[Japanese pottery and porcelain|pottery]]), performances ([[bunraku]], [[Japanese traditional dance|dance]], [[kabuki]], [[noh]], [[rakugo]]), traditions ([[List of Japanese games|games]], [[Japanese tea ceremony|tea ceremony]], [[Budō]], [[Japanese architecture|architecture]], [[Japanese garden|gardens]], [[Katana|swords]]) and [[Japanese cuisine|cuisine]]. The fusion of traditional [[woodblock printing]] and Western art led to the creation of [[manga]], a typically Japanese [[comic book]] format that is now popular within and outside Japan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnp.co.jp/museum/nmp/nmp_i/articles/manga/manga1.html |title= A History of Manga |publisher=NMP International |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> Manga-influenced [[animation]] for television and film is called [[anime]]. Japanese-made [[video game console]]s have prospered since the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hov/index.html |title= The History of Video Games |author= Leonard Herman, Jer Horwitz, Steve Kent, and Skyler Miller|publisher=[[Gamespot]] |accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref>

[[Music of Japan|Japanese music]] is eclectic, having borrowed instruments, scales and styles from neighboring cultures. Many instruments, such as the [[koto (musical instrument)|koto]], were introduced in the ninth and tenth centuries. The accompanied [[recitative]] of the [[Noh]] drama dates from the fourteenth century and the popular folk music, with the guitar-like [[shamisen]], from the sixteenth.<ref>Japanese Culture, The Concise [[Columbia Encyclopedia]], 1983 edition, © [[Columbia University Press]] ISBN 0-380-63396-5</ref> [[Western music]], introduced in the late nineteenth century, now forms an integral part of the culture. Post-war Japan has been heavily influenced by American and European modern music, which has led to the evolution of popular band music called [[J-pop]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/omm/story/0,,1550807,00.html |title= J-Pop History |publisher=[[The Observer]]| accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref>

[[Karaoke]] is the most widely practiced cultural activity. A November 1993 survey by the [[Agency for Cultural Affairs|Cultural Affairs Agency]] found that more Japanese had sung karaoke that year than had participated in traditional cultural pursuits such as [[floristry|flower arranging]] or [[Japanese tea ceremony|tea ceremony]].<ref>Kelly, Bill. (1998). "Japan's Empty Orchestras: Echoes of Japanese culture in the performance of karaoke", ''The Worlds of Japanese Popular Culture: Gender, Shifting Boundaries and Global Cultures'', p. 76. Cambridge University Press.</ref>

[[Image:Sorakuen14st3200.jpg|thumb|250px|A [[Japanese garden]]]]

The earliest works of [[Japanese literature]] include two history books the ''[[Kojiki]]'' and the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' and the eighth century poetry book ''[[Man'yōshū]]'', all written in Chinese characters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/~ascj/2000/200015.htm |title= Asian Studies Conference, Japan (2000) |publisher=Meiji Gakuin University |accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref> In the early days of the [[Heian period]], the system of transcription known as ''kana'' ([[Hiragana]] and [[Katakana]]) was created as phonograms. ''[[The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter]]'' is considered the oldest Japanese narrative.<ref name="ispmsu">{{cite web |url=http://www.isp.msu.edu/AsianStudies/wbwoa/eastasia/Japan/literature.html |title= Windows on Asia—Literature : Antiquity to Middle Ages: Recent Past |publisher=Michigan State University, Office of International Studies and Programs |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> An account of Heian court life is given by ''[[The Pillow Book]]'' written by [[Sei Shōnagon]], while ''[[The Tale of Genji]]'' by [[Murasaki Shikibu|Lady Murasaki]] is often described as the world's first novel. During the [[Edo period]], literature became not so much the field of the samurai aristocracy as that of the [[chōnin]], the ordinary people. [[Yomihon]], for example, became popular and reveals this profound change in the readership and authorship.<ref name="ispmsu"/> The Meiji era saw the decline of traditional literary forms, during which Japanese literature integrated Western influences. [[Natsume Sōseki]] and [[Mori Ōgai]] were the first "modern" novelists of Japan, followed by [[Ryūnosuke Akutagawa|Akutagawa Ryūnosuke]], [[Jun'ichirō Tanizaki|Tanizaki Jun'ichirō]], [[Yasunari Kawabata]], [[Yukio Mishima]] and, more recently, [[Haruki Murakami]]. Japan has two [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize-winning]] authors — [[Yasunari Kawabata]] (1968) and [[Kenzaburo Oe]] (1994).<ref name="ispmsu"/>

==Sports==
{{main|Sport in Japan}}
[[Image:JapanSumoMatch.jpg|thumb|[[Sumo]], a traditional Japanese sport.]]
Traditionally, [[sumo]] is considered Japan's [[national sport]] and it is one of the most popular spectator sports in Japan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/sumoeastandwest/sumo.html |title=Sumo: East and West |publisher=[[PBS]] |accessdate=2007-03-10}}</ref> [[Japanese martial arts|Martial arts]] such as [[judo]], [[karate]] and [[kendo|kendō]] are also widely practiced and enjoyed by spectators in the country. After the Meiji Restoration, many Western sports were introduced in Japan and began to spread through the education system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/facts/culture_dailylife.html#sports |title=Culture and Daily Life |publisher=Embassy of Japan in the UK |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

The [[Japanese Baseball League|professional baseball league in Japan]] was established in 1936.<ref>{{cite book |author=Nagata, Yoichi and Holway, John B. |editor=Pete Palmer |title=Total Baseball |edition=fourth edition |year=1995 |publisher=Viking Press |location=New York |pages=547 |chapter=Japanese Baseball}}</ref> Today [[baseball]] is the most popular [[spectator sport]] in the country. One of the most famous Japanese baseball players is [[Ichiro Suzuki]], who, having won Japan's Most Valuable Player award in 1994, 1995 and 1996, now plays in North American [[Major League Baseball]].

Since the establishment of the [[J. League|Japan Professional Football League]] in 1992, [[Football in Japan|association football (soccer)]] has also gained a wide following.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tjf.or.jp/takarabako/PDF/TB09_JCN.pdf |title= Soccer as a Popular Sport: Putting Down Roots in Japan |publisher= The Japan Forum |format = [[PDF]] | accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref> Japan was a venue of the [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]] from 1981 to 2004 and co-hosted the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] with [[South Korea]]. Japan is one of the most successful soccer teams in Asia, winning the [[AFC Asian Cup|Asian Cup]] three times.

[[Golf]] is also popular in Japan,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/604/sports.asp |title= Japanese Golf Gets Friendly |publisher=[[Metropolis (English magazine in Japan)|Metropolis]] |author=Fred Varcoe|accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref> as is [[auto racing]], the [[Super GT]] sports car series and [[Formula Nippon]] formula racing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/623/sports.asp |title= Japanese Omnibus: Sports |publisher=[[Metropolis (English magazine in Japan)|Metropolis]] |author=Len Clarke|accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref> [[Twin Ring Motegi]] was completed in 1997 by [[Honda]] in order to bring [[IndyCar]] racing to Japan.
<div style="clear:right"></div>

==See also==
* [[List_of_wettest_tropical_cyclones_by_country#Japan|List of wettest known tropical cyclones in Japan]]

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==Further reading==
* Christopher, Robert C., ''The Japanese Mind: the Goliath Explained'', Linden Press/Simon and Schuster, 1983 (ISBN 0330284193)
* De Mente, ''The Japanese Have a Word For It'', McGraw-Hill, 1997 (ISBN 0-8442-8316-9)
* Henshall, ''A History of Japan'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2001 (ISBN 0-312-23370-1)
* Jansen, ''The Making of Modern Japan'', Belknap, 2000 (ISBN 0-674-00334-9)
* Johnson, ''Japan: Who Governs?'', W.W. Norton, 1996 (ISBN 0-393-31450-2)
* Reischauer, ''Japan: The Story of a Nation'', McGraw-Hill, 1989 (ISBN 0-07-557074-2)
* Sugimoto et al., ''An Introduction to Japanese Society'', Cambridge University Press, 2003 (ISBN 0-521-52925-5)
* Van Wolferen, ''The Enigma of Japanese Power'', Vintage, 1990 (ISBN 0-679-72802-3)

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Japan}}

; Official
* [http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/index-e.html Kantei.go.jp]—Official [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime ministerial]] and cabinet site
* [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html Kunaicho.go.jp]—Official site of the [[Imperial House of Japan|Imperial family]].
* [http://www.mofa.go.jp/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs]—Detailed papers on Japan's foreign policy, education programs, culture and life.
* [http://www.shugiin.go.jp/index.nsf/html/index_e.htm Shugi-in.go.jp]—Official site of the House of Representatives
* [http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/index.html National Diet Library (English)]

; Media
* [http://www.nhk.or.jp/english/ NHK Online]
* [http://home.kyodo.co.jp/ Kyodo News]
* [http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/ Yomiuri Shimbun (English)]
* [http://www.asahi.com/english/index.html Asahi Shimbun (English)]
* [http://www.japantimes.co.jp/ The Japan Times]

; Tourism
*[http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/ Japan National Tourist Organization]
* {{wikitravel}}

; Other
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html CIA World Factbook—''Japan'']
* [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Japan Encyclopaedia Britannica's Japan portal site]
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/japan/0,7368,450622,00.html Guardian Unlimited—''Special Report: Japan'']
* {{wikiatlas|Japan}}
* {{gutenberg author | id=Japan | name=Government of Japan}} containing the 1889 and 1946 Constitutions

{{Japan topics}}

{{Template group
|title = Geographic locale
|list =
{{Regions and administrative divisions of Japan}}
{{Countries and territories of East Asia}}
}}

{{Template group
|title = International membership
|list =
{{East Asia Summit}}
{{G8}}
{{Monarchies|state=collapsed}}
}}

{{Immigration to Japan}}
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}




[[Category:Japan| ]]
[[Category:G8 nations]]
[[Category:Island countries]]
[[Category:Constitutional monarchies]]
[[Category:Liberal democracies]]

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Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law (video game)

2007-06-21T08:18:17Z

Lord fabs:

{{future game}}
{{Infobox CVG
|title= Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law
|image=
|caption=
|developer= [[High Voltage Software]]
|publisher= [[Capcom]]
|distributor=
|designer=
|series= [[Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law]]
|engine=
|version=
|released= [[North America]]: [[2007]]
|genre=
|modes= [[Single player]]
|ratings=
|platforms= [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation Portable]]
|media= [[DVD-ROM]], [[Universal Media Disc]]
|requirements=
|input=
}}
'''''Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law''''' is a [[video game]] being developed for the [[PlayStation 2]] and [[PlayStation Portable]] by [[High Voltage Software]] that will be released sometime in the fourth quarter of [[2007]]. It will be published by [[Capcom]]. The game will be based on the [[Adult Swim]] cartoon [[Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law|of the same name]].

The game is said to be played like [[Phoenix Wright]], a Capcom court-themed series, but with the Harvey Birdman type of humor and feel.

A ''Harvey Birdman'' game was previously in development at [[Midway_Games|Midway]], but was never revealed to the public.

==External Links==
* [[Gaming Target]] - [http://www.gamingtarget.com/article.php?artid=6800 Harvey Birdman to practice on PS2 and PSP]
* [[IGN]]: [http://ps2.ign.com/objects/900/900108.html PS2] [http://psp.ign.com/objects/900/900107.html PSP]

[[Category:2007 video games]]
[[Category:Birdman]]
[[Category:PlayStation 2 games]]
[[Category:PlayStation Portable games]]

{{videogame-stub}}

User:HagermanBot

2007-06-12T12:08:52Z

Lord fabs: Removed false history. Could be re-added to either unencyclopaedia; or wikipedia but for wikipedia it should be labelled as a joke.

<div style="position:absolute; z-index:99; right:20px; top:9px;" class="metadata" id="featured-star"><div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; overflow: hidden">
<div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"> [[Wikipedia:Bots|   ]]</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:Crystal Clear action run.png|21px|Bot]]</div>
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{| class="messagebox standard-talk"
|align="center"|[[Image:Crystal Clear action run.png|50px]]
|align="left" width="100%"|'''This [[Wikipedia:Bots|bot]] is operated by [[User:Hagerman|The Hagerman Rubber Stamp Corporation]].'''
It is not a [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppet]], but rather an automated or semi-automated account for making repetitive edits that would be extremely tedious to do manually.
 
''Administrators: if this bot is malfunctioning or causing harm, please [[Special:Blockip/{{PAGENAME}}|block it]].''
|}[[Category:Wikipedia bots|{{PAGENAME}} ]]

==Tasks==
#[[Image:Symbol keep vote.svg|20px]] Place the {{t1|unsigned}} template on a talk page and [[:Category:Non-talk pages automatically signed by HagermanBot|requested pages]] when a user adds a comment and forgets to sign.
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==General Information==
===Sandbox===
If you'd like to test the behaviour of the bot, you may use the [[User:HagermanBot/Sandbox|HagermanBot sandbox]].

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==Technical Information==
===Architecture===
* '''Interface:''' Windows Service
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===Conditions===
In order for the bot to classify an edit as a new unsigned comment, the following conditions must be met:
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The following Wikimedia projects run a clone of HagermanBot:

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{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
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|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar'''
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|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | I, Bushcarrot, award HagermanBot the Tireless Contributor Barnstar for working tirelessly to ensure that all comments get signed. Thanks! [[User:Bushcarrot|Bushc]][[User:Bushcarrot/Esperanza|a]][[User:Bushcarrot|rrot]] ([[User_talk:Bushcarrot|Talk]]·[[User:Bushcarrot/Desk|Desk]]) 16:51, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
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{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
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|rowspan="2" |
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|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | A barnstar for the endless improvement of Wikipedia, by telling people who the hell they're talking to. —[[User:Vanderdecken|Vanderdecken]]∴ [[User talk:Vanderdecken|∫]][[Special:Emailuser/Vanderdecken|ξ]][[Special:Contributions/Vanderdecken|φ]] 12:50, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
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{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar2.png|100px]]
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|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Editor's Barnstar'''
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|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | I, [[user:Artaxiad|Artaxiad]], award you this editors barnstar for your excellent contributions to talk pages, and your struggle to stop unsigned comments. [[User:Artaxiad|Artaxiad]] 23:00, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
|} 
[[Category:Exclusion compliant bots|HagermanBot]]
[[Category:Active bots on Wikipedia|HagermanBot]]

User talk:Harryboyles

2007-06-09T15:23:42Z

Lord fabs: /* {{vandal|Loureid}} */

<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;">
{{User:Harryboyles/Status}}
{{User:Harryboyles/Time}}

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<div style="background: #f6f6ff;padding-top: 15px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 12px;padding-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;border-bottom:2px solid black">
<div style="font-size:20pt;padding-bottom:10px">Harryboyles's talk page</div>
Welcome to my talk page. If a comment requires a reply, I'll endeavour to reply to it within 24 hours.
</div>

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<div style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;">Guidelines regarding commenting here</div>

*Remember to '''sign''' and '''date''' your posts by entering four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) at the end of your post.
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*If you are responding to my conversation on your talk page, please include the whole conversation duplicated on both pages for continuity. I will do my best to do the same.

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<div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center;background:#d8ffc1 "><div style="text-align: center; font-size: 14pt;">'''My welcome to Wikipedia'''</div></div>
<div class="NavContent" style=" text-align:justify; display: none">
Hello, {{PAGENAME}}, and [[Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

*[[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]]
*[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]]
*[[Help:Contents|Help pages]]
*[[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]! Please [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out [[Wikipedia:Where to ask a question]], ask me on my talk page, or place
<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki> on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  [[User:DaGizza|D]][[User:DaGizza|a]][[User:DaGizza|Gizza]] ''[[User_talk:DaGizza|Chat]]'' 04:24, 6 January 2006 (UTC)
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{{User:Harryboyles/Archive banner}}
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==First anniversary of First Edit Day==
{| class="messagebox standard-talk" style="border: 1px solid #CC9999; background-color: Yellow;"
|align="center"|[[Image:Nuvola apps cookie.png|50px]]
|align="left" width="100%"|Happy First Edit Day, {{PAGENAME}}, from the [[WP:BDC|Wikipedia Birthday Committee]]! Have a great day! {{{1|}}}
|}
Glad to see a fellow Aussie! [[User:Mrmoocow|Mrmoocow]] 08:46, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

<center>

{| width="600px" "border="3" style="padding: 3px; border:4px solid orange; margin:1; background-color:yellow; border-color:darkorange"
| | [[Image:Niki first birthday.jpg|80px|left]]
| '''Congratulations! It's been... 1.. 2.. 3.. ___(plug # in) years since your very first edit! Happy First Edit Day, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! [[image:SCongratulate.gif|19px]] Have a f-a-n-tastic day and keep up the good work on Wikipedia! [[image:SFriendly.gif|19px]] 
Best of wishes, the [[WP:BDC|Birthday Committee]] and myself! --[[User:lovelaughterlife|lov]][[user:lovelaughterlife/Esperanza|e]][[User:lovelaughterlife|laughterlife♥]][[User_talk:Lovelaughterlife|talk?]] 18:52, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
|}
</center>

{| class="messagebox standard-talk"
|-
! rowspan="3" valign="top" |
! align="left" | HAPPY FIRST EDIT DAY!
| align="right" | from the [[WP:BDC|BIRTHDAYCOMMITTEE]]
|-
| colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" style="background:#99CC00; padding:5px; margin: 5px; border: 1px dotted black;" |
[[Image:WikiThanks.png|left]]
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Wishing '''{{PAGENAME}}''' a very Happy First Edit Day!

Have a fantastic day!

From the '''[[WP:BDC|Wikipedia Birthday Committee]]'''

|}

I'm glad to see another Aussie too! [[User talk:Sp3000|Cheers to]] [[2007|2007]]! [[User:Sp3000|Us]][[User:Sp3000/Esperanza|e]][[User:Sp3000|r:Sp3000]] 22:20, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Lord Fabs is also glad to see a fellow aussie. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 14:20, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

==[[Uranquinty, New South Wales|Uranquinty]] help please?==
Howdy can you please help fix the Uranquinty page. I added a link from Wagga Wagga to The Rock (as the train does stop at the Uranquinty station) but it has st*ffed up the font on the page. [[ Wikipedia:Articles for deletion |V]][[User:VirtualSteve/Images|i]][[Special:Random|r]][[User talk:VirtualSteve|tual]][[User:VirtualSteve|Steve]] 09:18, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

* Well there you go. It has fixed itself it seems - must have been a comp. glitch. Thanks anyway. [[ Wikipedia:Articles for deletion |V]][[User:VirtualSteve/Images|i]][[Special:Random|r]][[User talk:VirtualSteve|tual]][[User:VirtualSteve|Steve]] 09:21, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

== FAC for NSW Rail Line ==

Hi Harryboyles, I was wondering if you could make any comments or suggestions on the article I have up for FAC, on the Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Railway line in Sydney ([[Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates/Eastern_Suburbs_%26_Illawarra_railway_line%2C_Sydney|see here]]); one editor in particular on the FAC has just been downright rude (I've been threatened and even accused of vandalism!), so I'd prefer some constructive comments from editors whose judgement I trust. Thanks for any help you can give. [[User:JROBBO|JROBBO]] 11:46, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

== Double up==
Just thought you might like to know that you have a double up on [[User talk:Harryboyles/Archive 1 (Mistakes)]] at '''CityRail line order'''. --[[User:VirtualSteve|VS]] [[User_talk:VirtualSteve|talk]]...[[User:VirtualSteve/Images|images]] 04:04, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
:Thanks for that. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 04:29, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Be careful [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&diff=104092202&oldid=104090753]. Thanks, [[User:Googl|googl]] [[User talk:Googl|t]] 15:15, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

==Orphaned fair use image (Image:Windows Media Player 11 Library View.png)==
Thanks for uploading '''[[:Image:Windows Media Player 11 Library View.png]]'''. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a [[WP:FU|claim of fair use]]. However, the image is currently [[WP:O|orphaned]], meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. [[WP:BOLD|You may add it back]] if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see [[Wikipedia:Fair use#Policy|our fair use policy]]).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "[[Special:Contributions/{{PAGENAME}}|my contributions]]" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any '''articles''' will be deleted after seven days, as described on [[wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Images.2FMedia|criteria for speedy deletion]]. Thank you. This is an automated message from [[User:BJBot|BJBot]] 21:01, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

== Happy B-Day!!! ==

{{Gravity/HBD}}

Start partying!!!--[[User:GravityFong|Gravity]][[User Talk:GravityFong|Talk]] 11:43, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-02-12/Features and admins]] ==

Miscalculation, thanks. It's 10 FPs this week. [[User:Ral315|Ral315]] ([[User talk:Ral315|talk]]) 07:15, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

== I am so joyeous for your help ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[Image:Barnstar-atom3.png|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: bottom; height: 1.1em;" | '''The E=mc² Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | thank you very much for helping me in the excel question. now i can finish my assignment due tommorow. I am so joyeous for your quick reply. [[User:Parker007|Parker007]] 10:46, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
|}

==Sydney Terminal==
Is still in use on working timetables and in station announcements... but let's be consistent. [[User:JROBBO|JROBBO]] 12:56, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

== AWB Bug: Replacement of templates with section headers - Fixed ==

Your Bug [[Wikipedia_talk:AutoWikiBrowser/Bugs/Archive#Replacement_of_templates_with_section_headers]] has been fixed on
[http://autowikibrowser.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/autowikibrowser?view=rev&revision=598 SVN Rev 598] by Mets501

[[User:Reedy Boy|Reedy Boy]] 17:00, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

==An Automated Message from [[User:HagermanBot|HagermanBot]]==

Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk pages]] and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your posts]] by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button [[Image:Wikisigbutton.png]] located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! [[User:HagermanBot|HagermanBot]] 09:23, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

==Thanks==

Thanks for helping out on the [[Ernest Emerson]] and [[Aikido]] articles! I appreciate it!
[[User:Mike Searson|Mike Searson]] 02:56, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
:It was nothing. It's really good to know that my contributions are making a difference, no matter how small. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 02:59, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

==Wesley Clark==
Done! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 15:47, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
*Oh, and of course your vote would be appreciated! Especially a support if you feel the article is up to snuff as there are a couple of random opposes people have tossed on and are now not responding to my questions. Don't want the FAC to get bogged down by unresponsive opposers. Thanks! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 21:09, 26 February 2007 (UTC)
:* <nowiki>:(</nowiki> Sooo, any chance of you putting in a vote on the FAC? I ask only as there are some holdout opposers who aren't really presenting actionable objections, so the more support the better. Thanks! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 18:05, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
*Thank you a thousand times over. LMK if you ever need help on anything. [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 03:32, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

== Windows Vista reversion ==

Thanks for catching that other revert to the Windows Vista article; I thought I undid both of the changes, but apparently WP did a single-paragraph reversion, which must be a new feature. --[[User:Scott McNay|Scott McNay]] 06:47, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

== BEST PAGE EVAR! ==

Ummm, yeah. Woot! for you! —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/76.198.182.212|76.198.182.212]] ([[User talk:76.198.182.212|talk]]) 04:04, 28 February 2007 (UTC).

==The Apprentice UK==
{| class="messagebox standard-talk"
| [[Image:Fired-apprentice.JPG]]
| Hello, {{PAGENAME}} and thank you for your contributions on articles related to [[The Apprentice UK]]. I'd like to invite you to become a part of '''''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Apprentice UK|WikiProject The Apprentice UK]]''''', a WikiProject aiming to improve coverage of [[The Apprentice UK]] and related articles on Wikipedia.

If you would like to help out and participate, please come over and visit us [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Apprentice UK|here]] for more information. Thanks! {{{1|[[User:Dalejenkins|Dalejenkins]] 17:52, 2 March 2007 (UTC)}}}
|}

==Thanks!==
*I just wanted to say thanks for participating in [[Wesley Clark]]'s FAC, the article was just promoted! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 14:05, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

== Your RfA ==

I am pleased to let you know that, consensus reached, you are now an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrator]]. You should find the following forums useful:
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' reading list|Administrators' reading list]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' how-to guide|Administrators' how-to guide]]
* [[WP:AN|Administrators' Noticeboard]]
:* [[WP:ANI|Administrators' Noticeboard for Incidents]]
:* [[WP:AN3RR|Administrators' Noticeboard for Three-revert rule violations]]
Congratulations on your promotion and the best of luck with your new charge! [[User:Redux|Redux]] 03:21, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Congratulations! I missed out on taking part in your RFA, but it's nice to see another Aussie admin :) – [[User:riana_dzasta|riana]]_[[User talk:riana_dzasta|'''dzasta''']] 07:54, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for your note about my RfA and wishing you the very best of luck yourself! Blimey, all these extra buttons... :) [[User:Bubba hotep|Bubba]] [[User talk:Bubba hotep|hotep]] 09:01, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

== Hi ==

Hi! Thanks for the edit on my user page. Did the article get you interested in the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and its activities since 1890? Cheers. -- [[User:Davo88|Davo88]] 15:23, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

== Unintended mistake at Template:Promotional ==

Hey, thank you for doing the edits. One thing: the ''md:Template:Promosi'' request didn't work correctly. You can see the results at [[Template:Promotional]]. I think what the user meant to add was [[:ms:Templat:Promosi]] (without the 'e' at the end of "template"). --[[User:Iamunknown|Iamunknown]] 22:33, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
:You're right. Thanks for picking that up. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:15, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== thank you ==

Thank you for reverting what the user did to my user page. You wouldn't happen to know if there is any vandalism tag specifically about user page would you? [[User:Angelofdeath275|"THROUGH FIRE, JUSTICE IS SERVED!"]] 01:06, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
:There is. On the [[Wikipedia:Template messages/User talk namespace]] page, if you look under ''Complete list of warnings'' you will see the templates for ''User page vandalism''. Glad to be of service. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:13, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== Reverted edit ==

Hey... What did my edit mess up? [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Segoe_UI&diff=113257855&oldid=113256747] — [[User:Akhristov|Alex]] ([[User_talk:Akhristov|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Akhristov|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Akhristov|E]]) 06:39, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

:Unfortunately your edit got in the way of me reverting [[Special:Contributions/221.155.127.188|221.155.127.188's]] vandalism. I've run AWB over it again. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 06:44, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

:: I cleaned up the remaining vandalism. Didn't realize it was there. :-) — [[User:Akhristov|Alex]] ([[User_talk:Akhristov|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Akhristov|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Akhristov|E]]) 06:48, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== Could you look at... ==

[[Template:Windows Vista]] and [[List of Windows Vista topics]]? I figured it was time to create an article series template for all these articles we've got now. They're really just starting points that we can evolve into something better, but I'd really like to hear some other people's opinions on it. Thanks. :-) [[User talk:Warrens|-/-]] [[User:Warrens|Warren]] 08:56, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

== Your cleanup of [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ==

Hi Harry, thanks for fixing up the wikilinks and tidying up the above article in general. Appreciate the help cuz I've been working on this article all alone and it's tough (especially since its an FAC and I have to deal with all the comments myself). Cheers mate, [[User:AppleJuggler|AppleJuggler]] 14:10, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
:Glad to have helped out. Good luck with your FAC. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 14:16, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

== AWB ==

If you can't pay attention to what you're doing, then stop using AWB. You changed the capitalization on the name attribute of a ref tag in [[Backgammon]]. This does not help anyone, and it has only the potential to break further ref tags that use the same name. —[[User:Ptkfgs|ptk]]✰[[User_talk:Ptkfgs|fgs]] 23:36, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
:It doesn't hurt anyone either. If AWB changes one ref tag, it will change all ref tags using that name. I don't see what's the big deal about simple capitalization. I've redone the edit, this time without changing the capitalization. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 00:07, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

==Editing in [[Technopark, Kerala]]==

Thanks for working on the article. I read up on [[AWB]] and am quite impressed by its capabilities. Please suggest any modifications which the article needs for FA status. Looking forward to you support. Take care. Cheers! --[[User:Ajaypp|Ajaypp]] [[User_talk:Ajaypp|(I am here..)]] 10:58, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

== Ads ==

Hi, I notice you're using the ads I've made. It might be better if you transclude <tt><nowiki>{{User:Qxz/ad.css}}</nowiki></tt> directly, rather than copying it into a separate page. The reason for this is that I'm adding (and possibly removing) ads all the time, and so while my copy is updated, yours will get out-of-date. As it's a <tt>.css</tt> page, nobody can edit it except me (and administrators), so you don't have to worry about it being vandalised. Thanks – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 17:53, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

:Is it possible to have just the ad without the links down the bottom. I wanted to customise it so that's why I did what I did. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 01:31, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

:: OK, if you use <tt><nowiki>{{User:Qxz/ad.css|nolinks=yes}}</nowiki></tt>, it will hide the links. I'd appreciate it if you could credit me and AzaToth and provide a link to [[User:Qxz/Ads]], but other than that it's up to you what you put there. Thanks – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 10:36, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

:: I've edited [[User:Harryboyles/Ads]] accordingly. Thanks again for your interest – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 10:43, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

== Welcome ==

Greetings harryboyles, and welcome to wikipedia! I am sorry to have made what you consider a 'personal attack', however i feel it wasn't so. At any rate, i'll call it even after your recent personal attacks against me at school. To those reading this comment whom don't have the appropriate context, i'll just say a strong conflict on interest exists between myself and <strike>wayne</strike> Harryboyles and i am basically challenging the validity of his right to give me an 'only warning' for nothing; and also to disturb my user talk page by adding the following template within another comment:

{{{icon|[[Image:Stop hand.svg|25px|left]] }}}This is your '''only warning'''. The next time you make a personal attack{{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{1|}}}| as you did at [[:{{{1}}}]]}}, you '''will''' be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] for disruption. Comment on content, not on other contributors or people. {{{2|}}} - '''''[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]]'''''

I was actually offended to see this reaction from a friendly comment that i left on this page which he reverted at once. Harryboyles can consider that his only warning before i seek neutral concilliation.

Please do not take as any kind of attack or complex insult, Harryboyles! This is merely a statement of the facts from my point of view. If this page is reverted i will be reporting it to another administrator at once though, as this kind of 'bad comment removal' could be considered cheating using your administrive privilidges for personal gain.

Sorry to take up so much space, at any rate. Cheers to all.

[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 12:01, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

==Nostradamus: 'exemple'==

Hi Harryboyles

For the umpteenth time, the French word ''exemple'' is spelt ''exemple'', not ''example''!! --[[User:PL|PL]] 16:52, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Hi there - I'd recommend considerable caution editing phrases in French if you don't speak the language (you don't list it on your user page I see). Additional to the above, the change from "habitent" to "habitant" in [[Race]] was also duff. All the best. -- [[User:Mutt Lunker|Mutt Lunker]] 10:41, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

== Re: [[User:Salix alba/Cycle studies]] ==

Hi there. I'm curious about your removal of {{tl|db-repost}} from [[User:Salix alba/Cycle studies]]. I don't think your comment that AfD doesn't apply there is correct. That page was a copy of an article that was deleted in AfD to "save" it. The decision of the AfD was to delete the article, not to [[Wikipedia:Userification|userify]] it. I could see your point if it were a page originally created in userspace, but it is not. I'll bring it up at [[Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion]] if you don't agree with me, but I'm hoping you will just delete the page as I asked. [[User talk:Mike Dillon|Mike Dillon]] 17:12, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

:I brought this up at [[Wikipedia talk:Criteria for speedy deletion#Question about G4]]. [[User talk:Mike Dillon|Mike Dillon]] 17:19, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== Disambiguation error ==

Hi there, I noticed that in using AWB [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AusLink&diff=116198531&oldid=116197890 you changed two links] to [[Pacific Highway]] in [[AusLink]] - however, you changed them to different articles (one the Australian highway, and one the US highway). Not sure if you use a bot or something to automatically select the best target, but I thought I would let you know. -- [[User:Chuq|Chuq]] 07:49, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

==Reza Shah Page ==

Hi there, I would appreciate if you would kindly replace the third paragraph of the introduction (before the 'Name' section) which reads:
* ''Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances. [1] Reza Shah's ambitious campaigns for modernizing Iran's educational, industrial and transportation infrastructure are attributed for the emergence of social, political and economic reform in Iran after a long period of decline during the final years of the Qajar dynasty. However his attempts at modernisation reforms have been crticised by some for being "too fast". [5]''
with the following, suggested in the Reza Shah talk page:
* Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances. [1] However, his attempts of modernisation reforms have been crticised by some for being "too fast". [2] and "superficial" [3].Under Reza Shah, the social structure continued essentially to be one where a small minority lived off the labors of the rest [4]
References are cited in the talk page.
Thank you very much. [[User:Faranbazu|Faranbazu]] 23:44, 19 March 2007 (UTC)+

== Thank You Very Much==

Dear Harry Would it be possible to have a look at the discussion page of [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] which is also locked. The problem is that the current version of the lead is totally uniformative and biased with afiltering of his titles. It says:
* Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (Persian: محمدرضا پهلوی‎ Moḥammad Rez̤ā Pahlavī) (October 26, 1919, Tehran – July 27, 1980, Cairo), styled His Imperial Majesty, and holding the imperial titles of Shāhanshāh (King of Kings), and Aryamehr (Light of the Aryans), was the monarchial ruler of Iran from September 16, 1941 until the Iranian Revolution on February 11, 1979. He was the second monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty and the last Shah of the Iranian monarchy.

Can it be replaced with this:

* '''Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, [[List of kings of Persia|Shah of Iran]]''' ({{lang-fa|محمدرضا پهلوی}} ''Moḥammad Rez̤ā Pahlavī'') ([[October 26]], [[1919]], [[Tehran]] – [[July 27]], [[1980]], [[Cairo]]), He was the first son of Reza Shah, who ruled Iran between 1941 to 1979. According to the American Ambassador to Iran Prime Minister [[Shapour Bakhtiar]] demanded that the Shah should leave Iran in response to the popular uprising against the Pahlavi regime <ref>William H Sullivan, Mission to Iran, W.W. Norton & Company, 1981, ISBN o-393-01316-5, page 216 </ref> . After the American hostage crisis in 1981 the Shah became a ''persona non grata'' as no country was granting him an entery visa due to what was alleged to be his Human-Right's records. Finally, President Sadat of Egypt allowed him to enter Egypt, where he died of cancer. He was the last Shah of the [[Iranian monarchy]]. He gave himself the title '''Khodayegan Alahazrat Homayooni Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Aryamehr Shahanshah-e Iran'''<ref>Richard W. Cottam, Nationalsm in Iran, University of Pittsburgh Press, ISBN o-8229-3396-7 pp. 328-329</ref> (Godlike, Supreme-Presence, Homa(Mytical-Bird)-selected, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Light-of-Aryans, King-of-Kings of Iran).

Thank you again. [[User:Faranbazu|Faranbazu]] 04:35, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

==I would like to know why my page was deleted.==
Hi I noticed on my deletion log that the page I had created, Bunn High, had been deleted by you. I realize it had little information, but like I said on its talk page, I was in the process of adding more, when I was interrupted. Also, I can't comprehend why it was considered "spam" as there are many articles about schools on Wikipedia. Furthermore, there had not been an article about it prior, so I don't see the problem in creating one, regardless of how informative it may have been. Anyway, a reply would be greatly appreciated, as I am still puzzled over this unfair situation. [[User:Saywhaaa|Saywhaaa]] 20:44, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
:I'm not sure if you got a chance to read the reply I left on the talk page before it was deleted a few hours later. Wikipedia has many [[WP:POLICY|policies]] and [[WP:GUIDELINE|guidelines]] that govern what content is suitable for Wikipedia, and how that content should be presented. One of the well defined and followed guidelines is the [[Wikipedia:Notability]] guideline, which generally states the threshold for inclusion. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, [[WP:SPAM|not an advertising service]]. From what I could see, your article contained clear evidence that it was an advertisement. Your response on the talk page, also indicated that you wanted to use this for promotional purposes. While the above mentioned are guidelines, and thus generally open to dispute depending on the situation, one of the ''key policies'', [[Wikipedia:Attribution]], requires that material provided is supported by independent, reliable and attributable sources. You have provided no independent sources, and unless you do so in the future, any attempts to create an article about any subject will be scrutinized. If you have any more questions, please answer on my talk page, under your initial request. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 01:39, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Wikipedia:Template messages/Project namespace ==

Please see my note on the talk page about {{tl|adminbacklog}} as it adds the page to [[CAT:AB]] and is very troublesome.[[User:Betacommand|Betacommand]] ([[User talk:Betacommand|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Betacommand|contribs]] • [[User:BetacommandBot|Bot]]) 06:15, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

==Deletion review==
An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time}}}|deletion review]] of [[:TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. It is my opinion the article was speedy deleted prematurely before sufficient discussion or consensus had been reached. [[User:23skidoo|23skidoo]] 14:49, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[Reza Shah]] ==

Hi there, I am not sure why you added the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reza_Shah&diff=116456983&oldid=115691046 edit] which was not agreed up on in the article's talk page. Also, the user who posted for you to add it has been accused of being a sock puppet. --[[User:Rayis|Rayis]] 20:13, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== alpamysh ==

An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|Alpamysh}}}|deletion review]] of [[:Alpamysh]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. [[User:Wisconsin96|Wisconsin96]] 21:28, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

==Luis Leloir==
Hi, I noticed you recently did some editing on the wikipedia entry for Luis Federico Leloir. I am really trying to improve the page to possibly make it a featured article, and I'd like to get some pointers from you for what areas I can improve the article in. I've asked for a review on the community portal but haven't really gotten many responses. Thanks a lot for your help.
[[User:Ychennay|Ychennay]] 04:54, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== Protected pages ==

Keep an eye out for them when editing with AWB [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_warming&diff=118213917&oldid=117881802] [[User:Guettarda|Guettarda]] 12:30, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== Recess episode ==

Would you mind reverting the speedy deletion of the Recess episode? With so many being nominated, I think it's inappropriate to take action at this time. Please let the discussion continue, it would be much better to let people have a chance to speak out. Though given the poor way it was done, that may not happen anyway. [[User:Mister.Manticore|Mister.Manticore]] 19:58, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== Enjoy! ==

<div style="float:center;border-style:solid;border-color:blue;background-color:AliceBlue;border-width:1px;text-align:left;padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[Image:Csmile alt.svg|left|62px]]

{{{1|[[User:Trampton|Trampton]]}}} has smiled at you! Smiles promote [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! {{{2|}}} Smile at others by adding {{tls|Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message.
</div>[[User:Trampton|Trampton]] 02:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).[[User:Trampton|Trampton]] 02:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).

== The Minor Barnstar ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar-minor.png|50px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Minor Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | The Minor Barnstar is awarded to Harryboyles for making minor edits of the utmost quality. [[User:Mr. Barnstar|Mr. Barnstar]] 07:45, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
|}

==Thx==
Appreciate the spate of editprotected fulfillments. :-) — [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] [[[User_talk:SMcCandlish|talk]]] [[[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|cont]]] ‹(-¿-)› 09:58, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
:However (and this is meant only in the most constructive way construable) if you aren't intimately familiar with the effects of nitpicky template futzing, you might want to refain from fulilling editprotected's relating to them. Another admin undid the resulting mayhem already). PS: Been there myself; I remember editing some template to "fix a typo" and causing something like 3000 articles to go wonky. "Haaar! Thar be monsters!" BIG fun, lemme tell ya. — [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] [[[User_talk:SMcCandlish|talk]]] [[[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|cont]]] ‹(-¿-)› 17:04, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

==Speedy==
It was Denny who asked for the speedy. My request that the page was badly named does not invalidate his request for a speedy, which I fully suppot. I have restored the speedy on both pages, please dont remove it without giving a solid reason to the person who placed it, and its in his user space so its not a controversial speedy. Thanks, [[User:SqueakBox|SqueakBox]] 21:01, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

==Thank you==
Thank you for helping with editing the [[Tamil language]] page which is in FARC now.--[[User:Aadal|Aadal]] 01:43, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

== Three recent Speedy tags removed. ==

Hi Harry, yesterday I added three speedy deletion tags to articles [[Inheritance semantics]], [[Implementation inheritance]] and [[Functional normalization]]. On the talk pages for each of these articles, the original author [[User:Shawn_wiki]] requested that these pages be deleted. I was under the impression from [[WP:CSD#General_criteria]] that the request for deletion was enough, not that the author needed to specify ''speedy'' deletion. Am I missing something? --[[User:Michaelblackney|Michaelblackney]] 03:11, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
:Generally when I go through the [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion by user]], I look at the history of the page to confirm whether the author nominated it, or blanked the page. If not, I remove the tag and move on. If the nominating user has a similar username to the author, I might investigate to see whether it is a sockpuppet or a bot account. I don't usually check the talk page because I don't expect anything to be there. Because you didn't use an edit summary to indicate otherwise, I assumed it was a malplaced tag and removed it. If you had used an edit summary such as ''Nominate for speedy deletion: author requested deletion on talk page'', I would have been alerted to this fact. I'll delete them now that I know more details, but for all your edits, use edit summaries so that other users can more easily assess the edit and/or get more information that would not be there otherwise. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:25, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
::Thanks for the clarification - you're a canny fellow :) That's completely clear, now. I'll use summaries more effectively in the future. -- [[User_talk:Michaelblackney|Mike]] [[Special:Contributions/Michaelblackney|Blackney]] 05:32, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

== Best response ==

Thanks for the help on [[Best response]], Cheers, [[User:Pete.Hurd|Pete.Hurd]] 15:19, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Dear Harryboyles I would like to ask that you revert the page Vinyette Teague Deleted April 14/07 back to its original state. The page was described as not notable- but in fact has many secondary sources. The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day. She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago. Law Enforcement is still trying to solve this case.In addition to the relevance of Vinyette Teague as a missing person, she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on.She is also relevant in the fact that this is still an unsolved crime. Sunnyskys[[User:Sunnyskys|Sunnyskys]] 02:10, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

== Some Guidance please ==

Being as 'ow you removed the Star Trek: Eras logo from the Talk page where I am re-habilitating the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Kirok/Pendant_Productions Trek Audio dramas article] perhaps you can tell us what needs to be done to make sure that images put on Wikipedia stay there. The image in question was placed on there by Continuity Cop - the executive producer of "Star Trek: Eras", el Jefe Del Mondo of things to do with that production ... including of course his Logo. Does he need to lodge a "permission to use image form" in triplicate somewhere? LOL Your guidance on this matter would be greately apreciated since we will be doing the same thing for all the groups. Cheers --[[User:Kirok|Kirok of L'Stok]] 12:19, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
:The image in question was marked as being licensed for non-commercial or educational use only. For a few years, non-commercial images have been prohibited from being used on Wikipedia ([http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-May/023760.html][http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/foundation-l/2007-February/027547.html]). It was brought up [[Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images#April 19|here]] that the assertion that was made later was invalid because it was derivative of works copyrighted by Paramount Pictures. Any images you or anyone else upload need to be free of any material that is copyrighted (no screenshots of films etc) unless you can provide a suitable [[WP:FUR|fair use '''rationale''']] (and then only in limited cases is this allowed). Fair use images are '''only''' allowed in the article namespace. I also hope that you do take advice from the Articles for Deletion nomination for Pendant_Productions and that you provide [[WP:RS|reliable third-party sources]]. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 14:45, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

== Image deletions ==

Hey, I wrote a custom application in [[C Sharp|C#]] that displays the images side by side and summarises the details about the images - saves time clicking around tabs in my browser. I blogged about it [http://www.nointrigue.com/blog/2007/04/09/weekend-hacking-and-i-finally-triangulate/ here] but as there are quite a few annoying bugs left, I'm a little reluctant to release it just yet, but I'll try and distribute it asap, because there is quite an annoying backlog. I'll let you know when it's ready :) [[User:Enochlau|enochlau]] ([[User talk:Enochlau|talk]]) 04:06, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

== Vinyette Teague ==

Dear Harryboyles I would like to ask that you revert the page Vinyette Teague Deleted April 14/07 back to its original state. The page was described as not notable- but in fact has many secondary sources. The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day. She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago. Law Enforcement is still trying to solve this case.In addition to the relevance of Vinyette Teague as a missing person, she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on.She is also relevant in the fact that this is still an unsolved crime. SunnyskysSunnyskys 02:10, 18 April 2007 (UTC)--Sorry I not sure if I did this properly.This seems like where I would ask. Could you let me know if I'm wrong.
:First, thank you for putting a header on your comment on my talk page. Without the header, comments tend to slip by without being noticed. After rereading the article, I'm still siding towards enforcing the deletion. Your statement that it "in fact has many secondary sources" - is one I'd disagree with. In the last revision before it's deletion, there were three links. Links one and two were links to the home pages of the respective organisations. External links, but not references or sources. The third link does contain information, however is ridden with popups and security risks and one I would not include. The subject's [[WP:BIO|notability]], which was the presented reason for deletion, is where I fail to see any reason for inclusion. Working through your reasoning for inclusion on my talk page:
#''"The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day."'' Many people go missing every day and we don't have articles on them. We don't generally define someone as notable just because they are missing.
#''"She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States"'' - doesn't make someone notable.
#''"and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago."'' While being featured in the newspaper helps, one newspaper does not cut it. I can't tell how notable he or she is from outside the US unless I can see here sources that show so.
#''"she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on"'' - what makes the project special enough to warrant an article on a child from the place they came from. Notability generally doesn't pass on from place to person.
:The main problem is that you haven't provided enough ''"secondary sources that are reliable, intellectually independent,6 and independent of the subject."'' For more information, see [[Wikipedia:Notability (people)]], [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]] and [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources]]. This is vitally important because Wikipedia is based on ''verifiability, not truth''. I and anyone else should be able to see for themselves using the provided sources whether they are not reliable and make up their own minds, not rely on someone else who ''may'' be related or may be emotionally involved or attatched. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 12:45, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

== Wdefcon ==

Ok, it's been reinstated from deletion. Weird though! See [[Template_talk:Wdefcon#DELETED]]. -- [[User:Casmith_789|Casmith_789]] ([[User talk:Casmith_789|talk]]) 10:22, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

== To make your day ==

<div style="float:center; border-style:solid; border-color:blue; background-color:AliceBlue; border-width:1px; text-align:left; padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[Image:Smiley.svg|left|62px]]

{{{1|[[User:Jupiter12|Jupiter12]]}}} has smiled at you! Smiles promote [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! {{{2|}}} Smile at others by adding {{tls|Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message.
</div>[[User:Jupiter12|Jupiter12]] 02:53, 27 April 2007 (UTC).

== Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Time ==

Would you be able to tell me how I could customise the look of the time once this script is in place. I'm redesigning my CSS and the dark text is hard to read against my dark blue background. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 13:46, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

:In your monobook.css file, try something like:
<pre>
#p-personal li {
color:white;
}
</pre>
:Substitute whatever other color you want. You can get more complex than that, though. See the very bottom of my monobook.css file for an example. Hope this works! --[[User:Mathwiz2020|M]][[Special:Emailuser/Mathwiz2020|@]][[User talk:Mathwiz2020|th]][[User:Mathwiz2020|wiz]][[Special:Contributions/Mathwiz2020|20]][[Wikipedia:Esperanza|20]] 19:04, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

== Thanks for the help on [[Plymouth Colony]], additional help needed. ==

Hey, I want to thank you for the copyedit you gave to the article [[Plymouth Colony]] a few weeks ago. I have made some more extensive revisions and additions to the article, and I was wondering if you would be so kind as to look over the article again and give it some work? I have added sections on prior settlements, Social history, and economy and expanded the government section some. Your work has been very beneficial to the article, and I plan to take this to peer review soon, and would like to have your help in prepping it for that, and possibly reaching Featured status sometime down the road. Thanks again for your prior work, and thanks in advance for any help you can give in the near future! --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]]|[[User talk:Jayron32|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|contribs]] 05:59, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

== Thank you so much for the help on 411 ==

I'm so relieved it has been fixed. I tried to move it back from '''411 (year)''' but obviously, I didn't quite know how (since I had to move the discussion manually and I couldn't get the history moved too). I would just like to clarify, that it wasn't me who moved it in the first place, but I tried to rectify it.

Speaking of moving: Is it only admins who can move a page back in the correct manner or can anyone do this?

Once again: Thank you for fixing 411. I was quite worried for a while. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 09:01, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

:That's OK. The page history says it all, so I know you're not the guilty one, and it worked out all fine in the end. As to your query, only administrators can move a page over an existing one, except where the sole edit has been to redirect to the original page, as stated [[Help:Moving_pages#Moving_over_an_existing_page|here]]. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 09:14, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Iridion 3D|Iridion 3D]] FAC ==

Concerns have been addressed. Could you please take another look? [[User:David Fuchs|David Fuchs]]<nowiki>(</nowiki>[[User talk:David Fuchs|talk]] / [[Special:Contributions/David Fuchs|frog blast the vent core!]]<nowiki>)</nowiki> 22:33, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

== Articles needing expert attention categories ==
{{resolved|dealt with at the template which is used in these categories. [[User:Od Mishehu|Od]] [[User talk:Od Mishehu|Mishehu]] 04:16, 20 May 2007 (UTC) }}
Please categorize the categories you've created. You've caused a big rise in the number of uncategorized categories. Each such category should probably be categorized both in a subject-related category and in {{cl|Articles needing expert attention}} or a category with a similar name. [[User:Od Mishehu|Od]] [[User talk:Od Mishehu|Mishehu]] 17:29, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

== Could you help again? ==

Hello again!

A few weeks ago, you helped fix the problem when somebody hade moved '''411''' to '''411 (year)''' (after my failed attempt at fixing it). I have now noticed that somebody has moved '''985''' to '''985 (year in medieval history)'''. Could you help move it back, please, or direct me to somebody who can. Thanks in advance. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 20:46, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

:PS. I alos noticed, that the same user has moved '''970s''' to '''970s (Decad)''', so this alos needs fixing. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 20:49, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

==Deletion of [[Konstantin von Höfler]]==

This was erroneously speedily deleted by you as copyvio, when the template at the bottom clearly states that it is in the public domain. It is bad enough to have these clueless nominations, but an admin needs to scroll. This was an irresponsible act. [[User:Charles Matthews|Charles Matthews]] 19:04, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

== {{vandal|Loureid}} ==

Time for a block methinks. Cheers. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:42, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
:Hmm, well ahead of me. :) – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:43, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
::Per [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Loureid&curid=11625692&diff=137029789&oldid=137029057 this] I would suggest you extend the block to indefinite and bring it up at [[WP:ANI]]. I think it's fair to say that he'll resume vandalising when the block expires. I've reverted that ridiculous unblock request. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:50, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
:::Fair enough. You prolly should mention the other account you've just reverted too, if this is a long-term harassment thing. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:59, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

::::What is so ridiculous about it? Harryboyles's name is: "Luke Wayne Boyling". He eis known as Wayne. A joke is a joke; how is a joke ridiculous; and how does it warrant my speech to be deleted?

User talk:Sandstein

2007-06-09T13:13:11Z

Lord fabs: n00b n00b n00b

{{User:MiszaBot/config
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If you were looking for my talk page's previous contents, they are in the [[User_talk:Sandstein/Archives|archives]]. I will respond to messages on this page unless you request otherwise.
----

== Personal Attacks by Laertes ==

Laertes has been using ad hominen attacks in the the following page [[Talk:Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)]]

''"Alexius do you have a problem of understanding things slowy?"''
''"Alexıus you have ındeed a problem of slow understandıng...does your slow workıng braın can get the dıfferences between dates?...Sıgh get a braın please"''

He has been offensive and insulting in the past, could you please tell him to stop?

He has also been deleting sourced content, and I think he might be using an anon. sockpuppet, as he has done in the past, but of course I cannot prove this so I don't want to formally accuse him. Would it be possible to run an IP check? He has been blocked 4 or so times already for doing this kind of stuff.
[[User:AlexiusComnenus|AlexiusComnenus]] 19:34, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

:Incivility issue attended to. As for the IP check, you may want to file a [[WP:RFCU|checkuser request]] if you think the criteria for one are fulfilled. IP checks are only possible via this procedure. Note that posting anonymously is, as such, allowed; it is not [[WP:SOCK|sockpuppetry]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 19:53, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

::Hi, I just noticed this thread, by following the links from your block to Laertes for incivility. RFCU had already been running while you blocked Laertes. [[Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/Case/Laertes d]] now has a confirmed result. [[User:NikoSilver|Niko]][[User talk:N!|Silver]] 22:03, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

== [[User talk:Nlitement]] ==

Err.. I could make a new account and you'd never know it. Seriously, I've been blocked for a petty "violation" for 8 months now, and I've been editing it since I completely abandoned my account. Am I just supposed to act submissive and completely avoid editing because of a technical limiation? Sorry, you're only blocking my account, not my access to edit Wikipedia. You're not preventing me from sockpuppeting (for the sake of uploading a few damned images that I need now and then). So, what exactly doesn't sound convincing? The fact that I said "fine, [[Inquisition|whatever you want me to admit to]], please, unblock me, it's been quite a long time since my block, I just need my account to upload a few images, so I'd just like to ask to be unblocked." "NO WAY, I see you're totally evading a ban, that's so very evil. Also, you don't sound convincing." Holy $@!#*, but the fallacy is in the fact that there's no effect in keeping me blocked whatsoever, I was just asking to get my username back. Thanks for your hospitality and understanding, I mean, admins are just regular users, aren't they? Oh, yeah, I forgot about the ego they had (yeah, yeah, WPCIVIL, WPCIVIL, but the fact remains that there's still a conflict about admins thinking they're somehow above regular users). In the unlikely event that you'll unblock me, I'd be thankful. But I doubt it'll happen (hence me saying it's unlikely) because I know some people/admins have this problem with my slightly inflammatory personality, giving an _indefinite_ ban. But we forgot something, I can still use Wikipedia. It doesn't even matter, I just didn't think of using my Commons account at the very moment, I can use it to upload images. Other than that and me having to always request others to make changes to locked articles, I'd have all the advantages of a registered user.. aah, but those dynamic IPs! Too bad you only know me by the info I give you, I can create a new account. The point is, there's no reason for you to unban me, as I can still circumvent anything and you wouldn't know it's me unless I told someone. Hell, I might even become an admin some day with that account, unblock myself, and then team Karma would come in and block both of my accounts. The only difference of you unblocking me would be that I'd get to use the nickname I usually use on the Internet and could finally clean up a silly old conflict. Am I asking you too much? I think you're asking me too much.

EDIT: Let me guess, you think I'm "threating you"? Well, that's how I got it when I read what I wrote, anyway, it' still what I have to say, and I'm being very honest with my rhetoric. Sorry, that's who I am, but you can't argue against the fact that I contribute good content. Let me make it really short: "you can't get rid of me, this is really stupid, so I ask you to unblock my account" --[[User:194.251.240.117|194.251.240.117]] 18:08, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

:It appears that the blocking admin has already declined to unblock you. Under [[WP:APB]], I should only unblock you under these circumstances if the block was manifestly in error, which it is not. Additionally, several admins have declined to unblock you, which means you are effectively [[WP:BAN|banned]]. Your only remaining option is to appeal to the [[WP:ARBCOM|arbitration committee]]. I would advise you, however, to watch your attitude and to supply them with other arguments than the singularly unconvincing "you can't get rid of me". (We can, by the way.) [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:45, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

::His declination was relatively old. I'm not given any advice whatsoever on how I could get myself unblocked. I'd ask you to consider in common sense how sensible my ban is. E.g. how will unbanning me harm anyone, or how easily one can apparently get completely banned because of one WP:CIVIL violation and because they request unblocking, and admins repeat their arguments. I don't know why someone should be "indefinitely banned" because they were overwrought by (what I saw as substandard edits, if I recall correctly) yet made GOOD Wikipedia contributions (did I vandalize anything even once? Let's forget about my first edit, it was experimental). The two edits for which I was initially blocked: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pure_Pwnage&diff=prev&oldid=54419230 this one], where as you can see, I removed an edit by someone obviously new, and I was simply angered by the content's unprofessionality, I feel jealous that I couldn't leave my summary without notifying about the "unprofessionality" in it, but I just happen to be a perfectionist, human error, I'm just like anyone, and I highly doubt that the editor whose edit I reverted even ever saw my revert. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pure_Pwnage&diff=prev&oldid=61080972 The second one] was very inflammatory, but then again, I'm just the type of person who might yell at something (but not at a person directly) if they attempt not to do something appropriately. I doubt that anyone new on Wikipedia making what seem to be one of their first edits looking into the history tab, but that's just a guess. I didn't go their account and be uncivil, did I? No, I never insult people unless I feel there's truly a reason behind it, and I wouldn't insult anyone directly if they made such a silly edit like in those links. It was more of a general curse you might hear in public, they're not out there to stalk and wanting to insult you, they're just venting some pissed emotions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&dir=prev&offset=20070427112626&target=88.193.241.224 Here's] my edits with my anonymous account. Anything block-worthy? I think none. I have no idea what to do from here on. I hope you're not implying by "we can, by the way" that you could contact my ISP because I keep on asking to be unblocked in a civil manner over two inflammatory edit summaries? It seems that after I have a small conversation with admins who refuse to unblock me, they simply refer me to the "original blocker". And yes, I might've missed one or two other inflammatory edits I was blocked for, but I hope, like some other admins have, are not going to avoid decent discussion by just saying "you forgot this and this, so dwell in your block cage". Ricky asked me to (paraphrased) "at least acknowledge that cursing in edit summaries is inappropriate until I even remotely consider my blocking", then, as I've stated many times already (albeit possibly in an unclear manner), I'm sorry for violating WP:CIVIL several times, and would not repeat it if given a new chance. Thanks. --[[User:194.251.240.117|194.251.240.117]] 00:36, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

:::Your statement that you will behave more civilly in the future lacks credence, given that you have failed to heed multiple warnings and blocks to that effect. Even in this unblock discussion you have sought to downplay and justify your infractions, and you have also edited anonymously to evade your block. Editing Wikipedia is not an entitlement, it is a privilege, and that privilege is not to be used to "vent some pissed emotions". Please do this somewhere else on the Internet.
:::Accordingly, your unblock is declined again, you are notified that you may consider yourself [[WP:BAN|banned]] from editing Wikipedia, and your IP {{ipvandal|88.193.241.224}} is blocked. Continued attempts to evade the ban will be dealt with more thoroughly.
:::You may appeal this decision, by e-mail, to the Arbitration Committee. This thread is copied from my talk page to [[User talk:Nlitement]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:47, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
::::Justify? Not exactly. Look, after blocking, I had not denied breaking any policy. I just elaborated [which I mistakingly saw as being blocked for "vandalism"] that I didn't not vandalize anything. I sincerely ask you to unblock me, as a person, just for the sake of making sense. Is it normal for someone to get banned because of one WP:CIVIL unblock? I believe that my chances of getting unbanned from the committee are good, and what I tried to tell you in my previous posts is that this is really silly. Just focus on this one, just give me a response on this one, and I'll leave the issue behind on your part: Don't you consider it silly that after over 4 months after being blocked, I ask to get unblocked and because of simply asking, I am raised to a "banned" status? Besides that, my violation was extremely minor. I can see SPAMMERS get banned, but not someone like me. Oh, and what I'd like you to consider the most is simply how silly this whole thing is, you or anyone could simply unblock me. Do I sound like I have some sinister plans to break policies again after getting unblocked? Seriously!! Don't you think I'd get the message already? There is no sense in this. Are you telling me that you have no right to unblock me? Then say that to me. Do you think there's ANY risk in unblocking me? Am I going to spread my evil wings and destroy Wikipedia? If so, then you can easily block me, I think you have the power to do that, don't you? I have a feeling as if you couldn't feel any sympathy for me, I need to use Wikipedia. Priorities, priorities. I know you just think I'm someone pathetic (you can blame yourself of giving me that idea). You seem to act threatingly and miss what I'm trying to say. Yeah, this is pretty EASY on you, but I'm taking this issue stressfuly., SORRY; SIR; BUT WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A DAMNED BUREAUCRACY ([[WP:BUREAUCRACY]]); SEE FOR YOURSELF, SO PLEASE, I ASK YOU TO JUST DO SOMETHING SENSFUL. Yes, I'm really stressed out because of something as silly as this. Can't you just give someone a hand? I'm going to say "hi" to you whenever I get unblocked. I'm repeating myself many times already, there's no point in this. I was BANNED FOR SUCH A SMALL VIOLATION I know acknowledge breaking policy, but you just spin the mill when you could unblock me. Alright, after all the messy ways I've worded everything, I just want to ask you something, yes, forgot about my previous "challenges", if you skipped to the last sentence, well done: "what would unblocking me do to anyone? It would only benefit the community and me. And if I broke rules, would it need any more effort than a couple of pages to click through on your browser to block me?". I'm offended and am still stressed by your avoidance of discussion with what I find unnecessary wp:bureaucracy and dodging my questions and blocking IPs so that you wouldn't have to handle this issue. Is it so much that I ask you? I'll give you 10 € if you'll answer me with something else than what you have already. This is not the first time I may have an "argument" with someone about something, I constantly ask them to fully debunk me, and if they do so, I applaud them. Good for them, I feel corrected and am thankful to my opponent for actually doing something.

::::EDIT: And as it seems as something that didn't come clear in your mind, what I meant by that you can't ban me indefinitely that I have the choice to use Wikipedia as long as there's no way to absolutely identify persons' identities on the Internet. Yes, it's a bit of a smart ass thing to point out but the point just tried to explain that keeping me blocked make less sense than unblocking me, since I CAN do it [the slightly harder way]. I'm not even telling you that I'm going, I just feel that you think that I'm only to be blocked, which I counter to by saying that it's just an account that ALLEGEDLY one person uses. I read about the APB thingie you linked, so I don't ask you to unblock me anymore (silly me), but I do still want your opinion and I would appreciate if you'd discuss with Ricky or someone regarding my issue in GOOD manner (e.g. not telling him to ask Wikipedia sysops to ban my country, more about unblocking me) --[[User:194.251.240.117|194.251.240.117]] 22:33, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

:::::My opinion is that you have been disruptively incivil, and that you have had several chances to improve your behaviour, which you have not used. That's why I do not think that giving you another chance would be useful. Your announcement that you intend to try and continue to circumvent your ban, which is another violation of Wikipedia policy, confirms this assessment.
:::::If you do believe that your chances of getting unbanned from the arbitration committee are good, I suggest you give it a try. Finally, in reply to your query, it is not because of your asking (again) to be unblocked that you were flagged as banned. You were banned already by virtue of the fact that no admin has been willing to unblock you; I have merely made this more transparent. Your other IP is now also blocked. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:49, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

::::::If by "have been given a chance several times", you mean an unblocked account, then you're wrong. According to my talk page, I was given only one warning, and then blocked indefinitely and still the same. I don't like the fact that I'm talking about something like this with a lawyer, I shouldn't expect much help of you unless I hire you? No kidding, you only keep on blocking proxies. I SAID "I'm not even telling you that I'm going", verify it from on history tab. I want you to stop dodging and stop talking about irrelevant things such as me "intending to use Wikipedia despite asked not to". I just wanted you to tell me what unblocking me would harm to anyone. Your answer didn't really satisfy me, as you fail to even tell me why you're not giving me a trial. I don't count your "given a chance" response as valid, I don't know if you find my requirements too big on this one, but I was NOT given a chance, only a warning, but we're talking about the block here. You can't argue the fact that it's very easy to just give me a trial, keep track on me and unblock me whenever you find appropriate. Can you tell me why you cheaply banned my IP manually (it's up to the Wiki software to do it, not you, nicely done). Too bad it wasn't my IP. No, actually it was, how could've you even known it? You just banned Jimbo's personal laptop. No, I'm serious, you can't trust my word that it's actually my IP, just wanted to point out an admin violation (AFAIK). And let's rewind back to that point, you can take the huge 8 month period of me making edits as an anonymous user as an example of my behavior, that's a "chance", right? But no, you keep on banning everything and don't even glimpse at it. And I don't see anything attacking persons on that account, more like me revamping a few articles and making small corrections. How evil and disruptively uncivil! Oh, and I didn't ''disrupt'' anyone with my anonymous account, by the way. Good contributions. But you completely ignore it, don't you? Does it show me going wild and insulting/yelling at editors? No. It's from the beginning a very silly thing to block me for, by "venting anger" I mean that I simply cussed at NOTHING, not any specific editor per which I was blocked, to be spicific, but I'm not even going to get started with that part, it's way back in time. I'll have a chat with Ricky, be sure to Google for all possible proxies I may use, block them, and make my attempt to solve this issue harder!

Thanks. --[[User:200.23.34.91|200.23.34.91]] 23:35, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

: I might regret this, but I've decided to unblock him. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3ANlitement&diff=135976022&oldid=135904603 here]. -- [[User:Ricky81682|Ricky81682]] ([[User talk:Ricky81682|talk]]) 04:52, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

== Response to your question at my RfA ==

I've replied to your question about my username.[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ARequests_for_adminship%2Ftjstrf&diff=135628398&oldid=135603246] --[[User:tjstrf|tjstrf]] [[User talk:tjstrf|talk]] 20:46, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
:Thanks! [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:19, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Bishonen 2]] ==

(If you haven't seen the original RFC/Bishonen, it's well worth a look, btw!) Hi, Sandstein, I don't know whether you'd care to comment in Ferrylodge's RFC on me, specifically the mentions of you ("Sandstein agreed with Ferrylodge that the block was 'not appropriate'" etc)? Please don't put yourself out if you're busy, though, it's no big deal. Best, [[User:Bishonen|Bishonen]] | [[User talk:Bishonen|talk]] 08:58, 5 June 2007 (UTC).
:No problem, will do. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 18:02, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

== sockpuppet of [[User:Vinay412]] ==

Hi.

You recently blocked [[User:Vinay412]] for sockpuppetry so I wonder if you can spare a moment to look at his recent activities? He immediately set up another sockpuppet and carried on unhindered. I got suspicious and reported it as a possible sockpuppet [[Wikipedia:Suspected_sock_puppets/Vinay412|here]]. He's now freely admitted that this was him. I would have expected that was enough for a reviewing admin to take immediate action but nothing has happened, so it seems to have been a pointless exercise.

Your original block has now expired and to be honest it's had no effect at all on this user's behaviour or attitudes because he's just walked round the system. Any thoughts? [[User:Andyjsmith|andy]] 08:12, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

*No need to take any action - he pushed it a bit too far and now has an indefinite block. [[User:Andyjsmith|andy]] 13:58, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

== Fair use in galleries/lists ==

Sandstein, I noted that you unblocked [[User:Jooler]], after he was blocked by administrator [[User:Steel359]] and denied unblock by administrators [[User:Pgk]] and [[User:Sr13]].

In specific, I would like to note that Jooler was informed of the policy on this issue by me [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jooler&diff=136265774&oldid=135458234]. Of note; he was informed in that posting to his talk page that this is ''policy'' not ''guidelines''. and that subsequent to this Jooler decided to revert anyways [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Beatles_discography&diff=136301965&oldid=136295433]. He was later reverted by administrator [[User:Moreschi]], and he reverted again [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Beatles_discography&diff=136418537&oldid=136314258], indicating in the edit summary that this is a guideline. [[User:Steel359]] reverted him a minute later, and then blocked him informing him of such [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jooler&diff=136419212&oldid=136265774].

In summary, four different admins concurred that the policy being upheld was being done so accurately, and that Jooler was willfully violating that policy. Despite this, you chose to unblock and gave this reason: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jooler&diff=136534644&oldid=136467106].

In abstract, I refer you to [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-05-07/Fair use]] which perhaps you are unaware of. This debate centered on the use of screenshots in episode lists, which is essentially the same issue as album covers in discographies. The policy is most emphatically ''not'' in dispute. Some editors ''disagree'' with it, but disagreement with it does not constitute grounds for suspending and/or vacating a long standing policy supported by [[Wikimedia Foundation]] resolutions to this effect (please see [[Foundation:Resolution:Licensing policy]], item #3 "minimal").

I remind you that we are a [[free content]] encyclopedia (see [[Wikipedia:About]], first sentence). Our fair use policies are centered on that principal, and the Wikimedia Foundation absolutely supports this principal (see [[m:Mission]], "under a free content license"). Fair use must be kept to a minimum to remain focused on our mission. That is why the policy is written the way that it is. We simply do ''not'' permit the usage of fair use images in galleries and lists. I would also like to point out to you [[User:Durin/Fair Use Overuse]], where a number of editors (mostly administrators) are working to eliminate overuse of fair use images from a variety of articles and article types, in support of this policy.

The policy is ''not'' in question, no matter if Jooler wishes to disagree with it or no. Disagreement does not in anyway constitute grounds for vacating it, most especially when the Foundation itself indicates this is the way it must be. Jooler was informed of the policy, and chose to edit war over it anyway. The block was rightfully applied. I strongly encourage you to reconsider your actions, not to redo the block on Jooler, but to avoid making the mistake of vacating this highly important policy again.

Thank you for your attention, --[[User:Durin|Durin]] 01:39, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

:Hi, Durin. Thanks for your message. I'm aware of the recent discussions surrounding the overuse of fair use images and, in general, I support and applaud the recent efforts to counteract it (such as removing screenshot galleries from episode lists, etc.).
:I recognise, though, that while our relevant policy including [[WP:FUC]] is certainly not in dispute, its ''application'' to individual cases can be. Reasonable people can disagree as to whether Beatles covers in a discography meet the FUC. Criteria such as "significance" (FUC #8) are by necessity open to discussion, and their application to individual articles should be decided through consensus. It is inappropriate, I feel, for an admin to enforce his opinion about the significance of Beatles covers through a block (especially without prior warning). The situation is too similar to blocking someone with whom one disagrees over the addition of content "because it is NPOV": even though NPOV is not in dispute ''qua'' policy, we consider blocking someone over NPOV in a content dispute to be abusive precisely due to that policy's subjectivity.
:Accordingly, I unblocked Jooler not because I think he is right about the Beatles covers, but because I think his block (although certainly in good faith) was procedurally highly inappropriate. FUC, like NPOV and V, must be applied though discussions, not blocks. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:29, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
:*[[User:Jooler]] was warned. Consensus already exists on the depreciation of fair use galleries in discographies. This is not in dispute. There's already been heavy discussions on this issue. Your decision to unblock Jooler vacated this discussion and supplanted it with your assessment of the situation, which frankly (with no insult in any respect intended) is inaccurate. --[[User:Durin|Durin]] 12:22, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
::*Well, "may be a blockable offense" is a bit vague, but you are right, it will do as a warning. I'm not contesting, per se, that consensus may exist that CD covers in discographies are deprecated (but I'd nonetheless appreciate a link to a policy or guideline that specifically says so). What I ''am'' contesting is that failure to adhere to that consensus (if it exists) is a blockable offense. Again, not adhering to NPOV or V is also a bad thing, but we remedy it by editing and discussing, not blocking. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 13:29, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
:::*A policy is established, it gets enforced. People come along and say "No, that's not right". The policy continues to be enforced while this is discussed, and consensus is that the enforcement is fine. Wikipedia does not have a system for keeping easy track of every time a policy comes under discussion like this. Nevertheless, policies get enforced until such time as they are changed to reflect a different practice. The policy clearly indicates that fair use in lists and galleries is not permitted. Discographies can not be interpreted as being beyond those bounds. Fair use is to be ''minimal'' per foundation resolutions. This gets argued repeatedly, but it always turns out the same. The policy is upheld as it is written. I've pointed you to the largest dispute that came about because of this (see the Signpost article). It is a blockable offense to willfully violate policy. Jooler did precisely that. He was educated. He chose to ignore/disagree. He was warned. He chose to ignore/disagree. He was blocked. He appealed and two different admins agreed with the blocking admin. The block was accurate, and should never have been removed.
:::*What is at stake here is the removal of an important tool in enforcing this policy. If admins are not allowed to block people for violating this policy, we might as well remove it. Discographies, list of episode articles, sports conference pages, sports tournament pages, videographies, video game articles, and more will all contain dozens and sometimes even hundreds of fair use images. The list I pointed to you earlier of thousands of pages overusing fair use contains a dozen articles with more than 100 fair use images See these for samples before removal: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Method_Man_discography&oldid=134832991][http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Bitag_episodes&oldid=135319468][http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Gundam_SEED_episodes&oldid=135495353][http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melvins_discography&oldid=135441479]. By unblocking Jooler, you've effectively said "this is ok". That's the message you are sending to the people who want this sort of fair use abuse to be permitted. --[[User:Durin|Durin]] 13:55, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
::::*I disagree. While it is true that [[WP:FUC|the policy]] says that "the use of non-free media in lists, galleries ... is ''normally'' regarded as merely decorative" (my emphasis), it was argued in good faith that the use in the case at issue was significant. You and others disagree, and I am inclined to as well.
::::*Still, you are wrong to state that "it is a blockable offense to willfully violate policy". ''Per se'', it is not. Do we go around and block everyone who makes [[WP:NPOV|biased]] and [[WP:V|unverifiable]] edits? No. On the contrary, [[WP:BLOCK]] enumerates the things we block users for, and states that "disagreements over content or policy are not disruption, but rather part of the normal functioning of Wikipedia and should be handled through dispute resolution procedures." At issue was not ''whether'' [[WP:FUC]] should be applied or not, but ''how'' it should be applied to the content in question. This is essentially a ''content dispute'', much as when (e.g.) I want to delete a paragraph because I think it is POV, and you want to keep it because you think it is NPOV. The blocking policy specifically states that "administrators must not block users with whom they are engaged in a content dispute". We solve content disputes through discussion and consensus-finding in individal cases, not through blocks.
::::*By lifting Jooler's manifestly erroneous block, I did not send the message that [[WP:FUC]] can be ignored at will, but that questions of its application in individual cases are to be discussed on talk pages (or on [[WP:ANI]] if need be), not in block logs. Once users ''disrupt'' Wikipedia by, e.g., edit-warring to put images back in that consensus says are not appropriate in specific articles, ''then'' they should be blocked. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:07, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
:::::*This is ''precisely'' what happened and what Jooler was blocked for. --[[User:Durin|Durin]] 01:21, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

== Your insulting ways towards me ==

How dare you accuse me of not knowing what people mean by "IMHO". You obviously misread what I said when I attacked your lack of respect for the english language itself by using acronyms for what used to be sincere words. Stop destroying this fine language. I will say no more. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 13:12, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

User talk:Sandstein

2007-06-09T13:12:40Z

Lord fabs: Your insulting ways towards me

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If you were looking for my talk page's previous contents, they are in the [[User_talk:Sandstein/Archives|archives]]. I will respond to messages on this page unless you request otherwise.
----

== Personal Attacks by Laertes ==

Laertes has been using ad hominen attacks in the the following page [[Talk:Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)]]

''"Alexius do you have a problem of understanding things slowy?"''
''"Alexıus you have ındeed a problem of slow understandıng...does your slow workıng braın can get the dıfferences between dates?...Sıgh get a braın please"''

He has been offensive and insulting in the past, could you please tell him to stop?

He has also been deleting sourced content, and I think he might be using an anon. sockpuppet, as he has done in the past, but of course I cannot prove this so I don't want to formally accuse him. Would it be possible to run an IP check? He has been blocked 4 or so times already for doing this kind of stuff.
[[User:AlexiusComnenus|AlexiusComnenus]] 19:34, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

:Incivility issue attended to. As for the IP check, you may want to file a [[WP:RFCU|checkuser request]] if you think the criteria for one are fulfilled. IP checks are only possible via this procedure. Note that posting anonymously is, as such, allowed; it is not [[WP:SOCK|sockpuppetry]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 19:53, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

::Hi, I just noticed this thread, by following the links from your block to Laertes for incivility. RFCU had already been running while you blocked Laertes. [[Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/Case/Laertes d]] now has a confirmed result. [[User:NikoSilver|Niko]][[User talk:N!|Silver]] 22:03, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

== [[User talk:Nlitement]] ==

Err.. I could make a new account and you'd never know it. Seriously, I've been blocked for a petty "violation" for 8 months now, and I've been editing it since I completely abandoned my account. Am I just supposed to act submissive and completely avoid editing because of a technical limiation? Sorry, you're only blocking my account, not my access to edit Wikipedia. You're not preventing me from sockpuppeting (for the sake of uploading a few damned images that I need now and then). So, what exactly doesn't sound convincing? The fact that I said "fine, [[Inquisition|whatever you want me to admit to]], please, unblock me, it's been quite a long time since my block, I just need my account to upload a few images, so I'd just like to ask to be unblocked." "NO WAY, I see you're totally evading a ban, that's so very evil. Also, you don't sound convincing." Holy $@!#*, but the fallacy is in the fact that there's no effect in keeping me blocked whatsoever, I was just asking to get my username back. Thanks for your hospitality and understanding, I mean, admins are just regular users, aren't they? Oh, yeah, I forgot about the ego they had (yeah, yeah, WPCIVIL, WPCIVIL, but the fact remains that there's still a conflict about admins thinking they're somehow above regular users). In the unlikely event that you'll unblock me, I'd be thankful. But I doubt it'll happen (hence me saying it's unlikely) because I know some people/admins have this problem with my slightly inflammatory personality, giving an _indefinite_ ban. But we forgot something, I can still use Wikipedia. It doesn't even matter, I just didn't think of using my Commons account at the very moment, I can use it to upload images. Other than that and me having to always request others to make changes to locked articles, I'd have all the advantages of a registered user.. aah, but those dynamic IPs! Too bad you only know me by the info I give you, I can create a new account. The point is, there's no reason for you to unban me, as I can still circumvent anything and you wouldn't know it's me unless I told someone. Hell, I might even become an admin some day with that account, unblock myself, and then team Karma would come in and block both of my accounts. The only difference of you unblocking me would be that I'd get to use the nickname I usually use on the Internet and could finally clean up a silly old conflict. Am I asking you too much? I think you're asking me too much.

EDIT: Let me guess, you think I'm "threating you"? Well, that's how I got it when I read what I wrote, anyway, it' still what I have to say, and I'm being very honest with my rhetoric. Sorry, that's who I am, but you can't argue against the fact that I contribute good content. Let me make it really short: "you can't get rid of me, this is really stupid, so I ask you to unblock my account" --[[User:194.251.240.117|194.251.240.117]] 18:08, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

:It appears that the blocking admin has already declined to unblock you. Under [[WP:APB]], I should only unblock you under these circumstances if the block was manifestly in error, which it is not. Additionally, several admins have declined to unblock you, which means you are effectively [[WP:BAN|banned]]. Your only remaining option is to appeal to the [[WP:ARBCOM|arbitration committee]]. I would advise you, however, to watch your attitude and to supply them with other arguments than the singularly unconvincing "you can't get rid of me". (We can, by the way.) [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:45, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

::His declination was relatively old. I'm not given any advice whatsoever on how I could get myself unblocked. I'd ask you to consider in common sense how sensible my ban is. E.g. how will unbanning me harm anyone, or how easily one can apparently get completely banned because of one WP:CIVIL violation and because they request unblocking, and admins repeat their arguments. I don't know why someone should be "indefinitely banned" because they were overwrought by (what I saw as substandard edits, if I recall correctly) yet made GOOD Wikipedia contributions (did I vandalize anything even once? Let's forget about my first edit, it was experimental). The two edits for which I was initially blocked: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pure_Pwnage&diff=prev&oldid=54419230 this one], where as you can see, I removed an edit by someone obviously new, and I was simply angered by the content's unprofessionality, I feel jealous that I couldn't leave my summary without notifying about the "unprofessionality" in it, but I just happen to be a perfectionist, human error, I'm just like anyone, and I highly doubt that the editor whose edit I reverted even ever saw my revert. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pure_Pwnage&diff=prev&oldid=61080972 The second one] was very inflammatory, but then again, I'm just the type of person who might yell at something (but not at a person directly) if they attempt not to do something appropriately. I doubt that anyone new on Wikipedia making what seem to be one of their first edits looking into the history tab, but that's just a guess. I didn't go their account and be uncivil, did I? No, I never insult people unless I feel there's truly a reason behind it, and I wouldn't insult anyone directly if they made such a silly edit like in those links. It was more of a general curse you might hear in public, they're not out there to stalk and wanting to insult you, they're just venting some pissed emotions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&dir=prev&offset=20070427112626&target=88.193.241.224 Here's] my edits with my anonymous account. Anything block-worthy? I think none. I have no idea what to do from here on. I hope you're not implying by "we can, by the way" that you could contact my ISP because I keep on asking to be unblocked in a civil manner over two inflammatory edit summaries? It seems that after I have a small conversation with admins who refuse to unblock me, they simply refer me to the "original blocker". And yes, I might've missed one or two other inflammatory edits I was blocked for, but I hope, like some other admins have, are not going to avoid decent discussion by just saying "you forgot this and this, so dwell in your block cage". Ricky asked me to (paraphrased) "at least acknowledge that cursing in edit summaries is inappropriate until I even remotely consider my blocking", then, as I've stated many times already (albeit possibly in an unclear manner), I'm sorry for violating WP:CIVIL several times, and would not repeat it if given a new chance. Thanks. --[[User:194.251.240.117|194.251.240.117]] 00:36, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

:::Your statement that you will behave more civilly in the future lacks credence, given that you have failed to heed multiple warnings and blocks to that effect. Even in this unblock discussion you have sought to downplay and justify your infractions, and you have also edited anonymously to evade your block. Editing Wikipedia is not an entitlement, it is a privilege, and that privilege is not to be used to "vent some pissed emotions". Please do this somewhere else on the Internet.
:::Accordingly, your unblock is declined again, you are notified that you may consider yourself [[WP:BAN|banned]] from editing Wikipedia, and your IP {{ipvandal|88.193.241.224}} is blocked. Continued attempts to evade the ban will be dealt with more thoroughly.
:::You may appeal this decision, by e-mail, to the Arbitration Committee. This thread is copied from my talk page to [[User talk:Nlitement]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:47, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
::::Justify? Not exactly. Look, after blocking, I had not denied breaking any policy. I just elaborated [which I mistakingly saw as being blocked for "vandalism"] that I didn't not vandalize anything. I sincerely ask you to unblock me, as a person, just for the sake of making sense. Is it normal for someone to get banned because of one WP:CIVIL unblock? I believe that my chances of getting unbanned from the committee are good, and what I tried to tell you in my previous posts is that this is really silly. Just focus on this one, just give me a response on this one, and I'll leave the issue behind on your part: Don't you consider it silly that after over 4 months after being blocked, I ask to get unblocked and because of simply asking, I am raised to a "banned" status? Besides that, my violation was extremely minor. I can see SPAMMERS get banned, but not someone like me. Oh, and what I'd like you to consider the most is simply how silly this whole thing is, you or anyone could simply unblock me. Do I sound like I have some sinister plans to break policies again after getting unblocked? Seriously!! Don't you think I'd get the message already? There is no sense in this. Are you telling me that you have no right to unblock me? Then say that to me. Do you think there's ANY risk in unblocking me? Am I going to spread my evil wings and destroy Wikipedia? If so, then you can easily block me, I think you have the power to do that, don't you? I have a feeling as if you couldn't feel any sympathy for me, I need to use Wikipedia. Priorities, priorities. I know you just think I'm someone pathetic (you can blame yourself of giving me that idea). You seem to act threatingly and miss what I'm trying to say. Yeah, this is pretty EASY on you, but I'm taking this issue stressfuly., SORRY; SIR; BUT WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A DAMNED BUREAUCRACY ([[WP:BUREAUCRACY]]); SEE FOR YOURSELF, SO PLEASE, I ASK YOU TO JUST DO SOMETHING SENSFUL. Yes, I'm really stressed out because of something as silly as this. Can't you just give someone a hand? I'm going to say "hi" to you whenever I get unblocked. I'm repeating myself many times already, there's no point in this. I was BANNED FOR SUCH A SMALL VIOLATION I know acknowledge breaking policy, but you just spin the mill when you could unblock me. Alright, after all the messy ways I've worded everything, I just want to ask you something, yes, forgot about my previous "challenges", if you skipped to the last sentence, well done: "what would unblocking me do to anyone? It would only benefit the community and me. And if I broke rules, would it need any more effort than a couple of pages to click through on your browser to block me?". I'm offended and am still stressed by your avoidance of discussion with what I find unnecessary wp:bureaucracy and dodging my questions and blocking IPs so that you wouldn't have to handle this issue. Is it so much that I ask you? I'll give you 10 € if you'll answer me with something else than what you have already. This is not the first time I may have an "argument" with someone about something, I constantly ask them to fully debunk me, and if they do so, I applaud them. Good for them, I feel corrected and am thankful to my opponent for actually doing something.

::::EDIT: And as it seems as something that didn't come clear in your mind, what I meant by that you can't ban me indefinitely that I have the choice to use Wikipedia as long as there's no way to absolutely identify persons' identities on the Internet. Yes, it's a bit of a smart ass thing to point out but the point just tried to explain that keeping me blocked make less sense than unblocking me, since I CAN do it [the slightly harder way]. I'm not even telling you that I'm going, I just feel that you think that I'm only to be blocked, which I counter to by saying that it's just an account that ALLEGEDLY one person uses. I read about the APB thingie you linked, so I don't ask you to unblock me anymore (silly me), but I do still want your opinion and I would appreciate if you'd discuss with Ricky or someone regarding my issue in GOOD manner (e.g. not telling him to ask Wikipedia sysops to ban my country, more about unblocking me) --[[User:194.251.240.117|194.251.240.117]] 22:33, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

:::::My opinion is that you have been disruptively incivil, and that you have had several chances to improve your behaviour, which you have not used. That's why I do not think that giving you another chance would be useful. Your announcement that you intend to try and continue to circumvent your ban, which is another violation of Wikipedia policy, confirms this assessment.
:::::If you do believe that your chances of getting unbanned from the arbitration committee are good, I suggest you give it a try. Finally, in reply to your query, it is not because of your asking (again) to be unblocked that you were flagged as banned. You were banned already by virtue of the fact that no admin has been willing to unblock you; I have merely made this more transparent. Your other IP is now also blocked. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:49, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

::::::If by "have been given a chance several times", you mean an unblocked account, then you're wrong. According to my talk page, I was given only one warning, and then blocked indefinitely and still the same. I don't like the fact that I'm talking about something like this with a lawyer, I shouldn't expect much help of you unless I hire you? No kidding, you only keep on blocking proxies. I SAID "I'm not even telling you that I'm going", verify it from on history tab. I want you to stop dodging and stop talking about irrelevant things such as me "intending to use Wikipedia despite asked not to". I just wanted you to tell me what unblocking me would harm to anyone. Your answer didn't really satisfy me, as you fail to even tell me why you're not giving me a trial. I don't count your "given a chance" response as valid, I don't know if you find my requirements too big on this one, but I was NOT given a chance, only a warning, but we're talking about the block here. You can't argue the fact that it's very easy to just give me a trial, keep track on me and unblock me whenever you find appropriate. Can you tell me why you cheaply banned my IP manually (it's up to the Wiki software to do it, not you, nicely done). Too bad it wasn't my IP. No, actually it was, how could've you even known it? You just banned Jimbo's personal laptop. No, I'm serious, you can't trust my word that it's actually my IP, just wanted to point out an admin violation (AFAIK). And let's rewind back to that point, you can take the huge 8 month period of me making edits as an anonymous user as an example of my behavior, that's a "chance", right? But no, you keep on banning everything and don't even glimpse at it. And I don't see anything attacking persons on that account, more like me revamping a few articles and making small corrections. How evil and disruptively uncivil! Oh, and I didn't ''disrupt'' anyone with my anonymous account, by the way. Good contributions. But you completely ignore it, don't you? Does it show me going wild and insulting/yelling at editors? No. It's from the beginning a very silly thing to block me for, by "venting anger" I mean that I simply cussed at NOTHING, not any specific editor per which I was blocked, to be spicific, but I'm not even going to get started with that part, it's way back in time. I'll have a chat with Ricky, be sure to Google for all possible proxies I may use, block them, and make my attempt to solve this issue harder!

Thanks. --[[User:200.23.34.91|200.23.34.91]] 23:35, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

: I might regret this, but I've decided to unblock him. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3ANlitement&diff=135976022&oldid=135904603 here]. -- [[User:Ricky81682|Ricky81682]] ([[User talk:Ricky81682|talk]]) 04:52, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

== Response to your question at my RfA ==

I've replied to your question about my username.[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ARequests_for_adminship%2Ftjstrf&diff=135628398&oldid=135603246] --[[User:tjstrf|tjstrf]] [[User talk:tjstrf|talk]] 20:46, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
:Thanks! [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:19, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Bishonen 2]] ==

(If you haven't seen the original RFC/Bishonen, it's well worth a look, btw!) Hi, Sandstein, I don't know whether you'd care to comment in Ferrylodge's RFC on me, specifically the mentions of you ("Sandstein agreed with Ferrylodge that the block was 'not appropriate'" etc)? Please don't put yourself out if you're busy, though, it's no big deal. Best, [[User:Bishonen|Bishonen]] | [[User talk:Bishonen|talk]] 08:58, 5 June 2007 (UTC).
:No problem, will do. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 18:02, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

== sockpuppet of [[User:Vinay412]] ==

Hi.

You recently blocked [[User:Vinay412]] for sockpuppetry so I wonder if you can spare a moment to look at his recent activities? He immediately set up another sockpuppet and carried on unhindered. I got suspicious and reported it as a possible sockpuppet [[Wikipedia:Suspected_sock_puppets/Vinay412|here]]. He's now freely admitted that this was him. I would have expected that was enough for a reviewing admin to take immediate action but nothing has happened, so it seems to have been a pointless exercise.

Your original block has now expired and to be honest it's had no effect at all on this user's behaviour or attitudes because he's just walked round the system. Any thoughts? [[User:Andyjsmith|andy]] 08:12, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

*No need to take any action - he pushed it a bit too far and now has an indefinite block. [[User:Andyjsmith|andy]] 13:58, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

== Fair use in galleries/lists ==

Sandstein, I noted that you unblocked [[User:Jooler]], after he was blocked by administrator [[User:Steel359]] and denied unblock by administrators [[User:Pgk]] and [[User:Sr13]].

In specific, I would like to note that Jooler was informed of the policy on this issue by me [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jooler&diff=136265774&oldid=135458234]. Of note; he was informed in that posting to his talk page that this is ''policy'' not ''guidelines''. and that subsequent to this Jooler decided to revert anyways [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Beatles_discography&diff=136301965&oldid=136295433]. He was later reverted by administrator [[User:Moreschi]], and he reverted again [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Beatles_discography&diff=136418537&oldid=136314258], indicating in the edit summary that this is a guideline. [[User:Steel359]] reverted him a minute later, and then blocked him informing him of such [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jooler&diff=136419212&oldid=136265774].

In summary, four different admins concurred that the policy being upheld was being done so accurately, and that Jooler was willfully violating that policy. Despite this, you chose to unblock and gave this reason: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jooler&diff=136534644&oldid=136467106].

In abstract, I refer you to [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-05-07/Fair use]] which perhaps you are unaware of. This debate centered on the use of screenshots in episode lists, which is essentially the same issue as album covers in discographies. The policy is most emphatically ''not'' in dispute. Some editors ''disagree'' with it, but disagreement with it does not constitute grounds for suspending and/or vacating a long standing policy supported by [[Wikimedia Foundation]] resolutions to this effect (please see [[Foundation:Resolution:Licensing policy]], item #3 "minimal").

I remind you that we are a [[free content]] encyclopedia (see [[Wikipedia:About]], first sentence). Our fair use policies are centered on that principal, and the Wikimedia Foundation absolutely supports this principal (see [[m:Mission]], "under a free content license"). Fair use must be kept to a minimum to remain focused on our mission. That is why the policy is written the way that it is. We simply do ''not'' permit the usage of fair use images in galleries and lists. I would also like to point out to you [[User:Durin/Fair Use Overuse]], where a number of editors (mostly administrators) are working to eliminate overuse of fair use images from a variety of articles and article types, in support of this policy.

The policy is ''not'' in question, no matter if Jooler wishes to disagree with it or no. Disagreement does not in anyway constitute grounds for vacating it, most especially when the Foundation itself indicates this is the way it must be. Jooler was informed of the policy, and chose to edit war over it anyway. The block was rightfully applied. I strongly encourage you to reconsider your actions, not to redo the block on Jooler, but to avoid making the mistake of vacating this highly important policy again.

Thank you for your attention, --[[User:Durin|Durin]] 01:39, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

:Hi, Durin. Thanks for your message. I'm aware of the recent discussions surrounding the overuse of fair use images and, in general, I support and applaud the recent efforts to counteract it (such as removing screenshot galleries from episode lists, etc.).
:I recognise, though, that while our relevant policy including [[WP:FUC]] is certainly not in dispute, its ''application'' to individual cases can be. Reasonable people can disagree as to whether Beatles covers in a discography meet the FUC. Criteria such as "significance" (FUC #8) are by necessity open to discussion, and their application to individual articles should be decided through consensus. It is inappropriate, I feel, for an admin to enforce his opinion about the significance of Beatles covers through a block (especially without prior warning). The situation is too similar to blocking someone with whom one disagrees over the addition of content "because it is NPOV": even though NPOV is not in dispute ''qua'' policy, we consider blocking someone over NPOV in a content dispute to be abusive precisely due to that policy's subjectivity.
:Accordingly, I unblocked Jooler not because I think he is right about the Beatles covers, but because I think his block (although certainly in good faith) was procedurally highly inappropriate. FUC, like NPOV and V, must be applied though discussions, not blocks. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:29, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
:*[[User:Jooler]] was warned. Consensus already exists on the depreciation of fair use galleries in discographies. This is not in dispute. There's already been heavy discussions on this issue. Your decision to unblock Jooler vacated this discussion and supplanted it with your assessment of the situation, which frankly (with no insult in any respect intended) is inaccurate. --[[User:Durin|Durin]] 12:22, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
::*Well, "may be a blockable offense" is a bit vague, but you are right, it will do as a warning. I'm not contesting, per se, that consensus may exist that CD covers in discographies are deprecated (but I'd nonetheless appreciate a link to a policy or guideline that specifically says so). What I ''am'' contesting is that failure to adhere to that consensus (if it exists) is a blockable offense. Again, not adhering to NPOV or V is also a bad thing, but we remedy it by editing and discussing, not blocking. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 13:29, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
:::*A policy is established, it gets enforced. People come along and say "No, that's not right". The policy continues to be enforced while this is discussed, and consensus is that the enforcement is fine. Wikipedia does not have a system for keeping easy track of every time a policy comes under discussion like this. Nevertheless, policies get enforced until such time as they are changed to reflect a different practice. The policy clearly indicates that fair use in lists and galleries is not permitted. Discographies can not be interpreted as being beyond those bounds. Fair use is to be ''minimal'' per foundation resolutions. This gets argued repeatedly, but it always turns out the same. The policy is upheld as it is written. I've pointed you to the largest dispute that came about because of this (see the Signpost article). It is a blockable offense to willfully violate policy. Jooler did precisely that. He was educated. He chose to ignore/disagree. He was warned. He chose to ignore/disagree. He was blocked. He appealed and two different admins agreed with the blocking admin. The block was accurate, and should never have been removed.
:::*What is at stake here is the removal of an important tool in enforcing this policy. If admins are not allowed to block people for violating this policy, we might as well remove it. Discographies, list of episode articles, sports conference pages, sports tournament pages, videographies, video game articles, and more will all contain dozens and sometimes even hundreds of fair use images. The list I pointed to you earlier of thousands of pages overusing fair use contains a dozen articles with more than 100 fair use images See these for samples before removal: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Method_Man_discography&oldid=134832991][http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Bitag_episodes&oldid=135319468][http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Gundam_SEED_episodes&oldid=135495353][http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melvins_discography&oldid=135441479]. By unblocking Jooler, you've effectively said "this is ok". That's the message you are sending to the people who want this sort of fair use abuse to be permitted. --[[User:Durin|Durin]] 13:55, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
::::*I disagree. While it is true that [[WP:FUC|the policy]] says that "the use of non-free media in lists, galleries ... is ''normally'' regarded as merely decorative" (my emphasis), it was argued in good faith that the use in the case at issue was significant. You and others disagree, and I am inclined to as well.
::::*Still, you are wrong to state that "it is a blockable offense to willfully violate policy". ''Per se'', it is not. Do we go around and block everyone who makes [[WP:NPOV|biased]] and [[WP:V|unverifiable]] edits? No. On the contrary, [[WP:BLOCK]] enumerates the things we block users for, and states that "disagreements over content or policy are not disruption, but rather part of the normal functioning of Wikipedia and should be handled through dispute resolution procedures." At issue was not ''whether'' [[WP:FUC]] should be applied or not, but ''how'' it should be applied to the content in question. This is essentially a ''content dispute'', much as when (e.g.) I want to delete a paragraph because I think it is POV, and you want to keep it because you think it is NPOV. The blocking policy specifically states that "administrators must not block users with whom they are engaged in a content dispute". We solve content disputes through discussion and consensus-finding in individal cases, not through blocks.
::::*By lifting Jooler's manifestly erroneous block, I did not send the message that [[WP:FUC]] can be ignored at will, but that questions of its application in individual cases are to be discussed on talk pages (or on [[WP:ANI]] if need be), not in block logs. Once users ''disrupt'' Wikipedia by, e.g., edit-warring to put images back in that consensus says are not appropriate in specific articles, ''then'' they should be blocked. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:07, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
:::::*This is ''precisely'' what happened and what Jooler was blocked for. --[[User:Durin|Durin]] 01:21, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

== Your insulting ways towards me ==

How dare you accuse me of not knowing what people mean by "IMHO". You obviously misread what I said when I attacked your lack of respect for the english language itself by using acronyms for what used to me sincere words. Stop destroying this fine language. I will say no more. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 13:12, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

User talk:Harryboyles

2007-06-09T13:08:51Z

Lord fabs: /* First anniversary of First Edit Day */ Plugged the number in

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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]! Please [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out [[Wikipedia:Where to ask a question]], ask me on my talk page, or place
<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki> on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  [[User:DaGizza|D]][[User:DaGizza|a]][[User:DaGizza|Gizza]] ''[[User_talk:DaGizza|Chat]]'' 04:24, 6 January 2006 (UTC)
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{{User:Harryboyles/Archive banner}}
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==First anniversary of First Edit Day==
{| class="messagebox standard-talk" style="border: 1px solid #CC9999; background-color: Yellow;"
|align="center"|[[Image:Nuvola apps cookie.png|50px]]
|align="left" width="100%"|Happy First Edit Day, {{PAGENAME}}, from the [[WP:BDC|Wikipedia Birthday Committee]]! Have a great day! {{{1|}}}
|}
Glad to see a fellow Aussie! [[User:Mrmoocow|Mrmoocow]] 08:46, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

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{| width="600px" "border="3" style="padding: 3px; border:4px solid orange; margin:1; background-color:yellow; border-color:darkorange"
| | [[Image:Niki first birthday.jpg|80px|left]]
| '''Congratulations! It's been 1 year since your very first edit! Happy First Edit Day, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! [[image:SCongratulate.gif|19px]] Have a f-a-n-tastic day and keep up the good work on Wikipedia! [[image:SFriendly.gif|19px]] 
Best of wishes, the [[WP:BDC|Birthday Committee]] and myself! --[[User:lovelaughterlife|lov]][[user:lovelaughterlife/Esperanza|e]][[User:lovelaughterlife|laughterlife♥]][[User_talk:Lovelaughterlife|talk?]] 18:52, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
|}
</center>

{| class="messagebox standard-talk"
|-
! rowspan="3" valign="top" |
! align="left" | HAPPY FIRST EDIT DAY!
| align="right" | from the [[WP:BDC|BIRTHDAYCOMMITTEE]]
|-
| colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" style="background:#99CC00; padding:5px; margin: 5px; border: 1px dotted black;" |
[[Image:WikiThanks.png|left]]
[[Image:Balloons-aj.png|right|50px]]

Wishing '''{{PAGENAME}}''' a very Happy First Edit Day!

Have a fantastic day!

From the '''[[WP:BDC|Wikipedia Birthday Committee]]'''

|}

I'm glad to see another Aussie too! [[User talk:Sp3000|Cheers to]] [[2007|2007]]! [[User:Sp3000|Us]][[User:Sp3000/Esperanza|e]][[User:Sp3000|r:Sp3000]] 22:20, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Lord Fabs is also glad to see a fellow aussie. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 14:20, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

==[[Uranquinty, New South Wales|Uranquinty]] help please?==
Howdy can you please help fix the Uranquinty page. I added a link from Wagga Wagga to The Rock (as the train does stop at the Uranquinty station) but it has st*ffed up the font on the page. [[ Wikipedia:Articles for deletion |V]][[User:VirtualSteve/Images|i]][[Special:Random|r]][[User talk:VirtualSteve|tual]][[User:VirtualSteve|Steve]] 09:18, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

* Well there you go. It has fixed itself it seems - must have been a comp. glitch. Thanks anyway. [[ Wikipedia:Articles for deletion |V]][[User:VirtualSteve/Images|i]][[Special:Random|r]][[User talk:VirtualSteve|tual]][[User:VirtualSteve|Steve]] 09:21, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

== FAC for NSW Rail Line ==

Hi Harryboyles, I was wondering if you could make any comments or suggestions on the article I have up for FAC, on the Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Railway line in Sydney ([[Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates/Eastern_Suburbs_%26_Illawarra_railway_line%2C_Sydney|see here]]); one editor in particular on the FAC has just been downright rude (I've been threatened and even accused of vandalism!), so I'd prefer some constructive comments from editors whose judgement I trust. Thanks for any help you can give. [[User:JROBBO|JROBBO]] 11:46, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

== Double up==
Just thought you might like to know that you have a double up on [[User talk:Harryboyles/Archive 1 (Mistakes)]] at '''CityRail line order'''. --[[User:VirtualSteve|VS]] [[User_talk:VirtualSteve|talk]]...[[User:VirtualSteve/Images|images]] 04:04, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
:Thanks for that. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 04:29, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Be careful [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&diff=104092202&oldid=104090753]. Thanks, [[User:Googl|googl]] [[User talk:Googl|t]] 15:15, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

==Orphaned fair use image (Image:Windows Media Player 11 Library View.png)==
Thanks for uploading '''[[:Image:Windows Media Player 11 Library View.png]]'''. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a [[WP:FU|claim of fair use]]. However, the image is currently [[WP:O|orphaned]], meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. [[WP:BOLD|You may add it back]] if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see [[Wikipedia:Fair use#Policy|our fair use policy]]).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "[[Special:Contributions/{{PAGENAME}}|my contributions]]" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any '''articles''' will be deleted after seven days, as described on [[wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Images.2FMedia|criteria for speedy deletion]]. Thank you. This is an automated message from [[User:BJBot|BJBot]] 21:01, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

== Happy B-Day!!! ==

{{Gravity/HBD}}

Start partying!!!--[[User:GravityFong|Gravity]][[User Talk:GravityFong|Talk]] 11:43, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-02-12/Features and admins]] ==

Miscalculation, thanks. It's 10 FPs this week. [[User:Ral315|Ral315]] ([[User talk:Ral315|talk]]) 07:15, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

== I am so joyeous for your help ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[Image:Barnstar-atom3.png|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: bottom; height: 1.1em;" | '''The E=mc² Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | thank you very much for helping me in the excel question. now i can finish my assignment due tommorow. I am so joyeous for your quick reply. [[User:Parker007|Parker007]] 10:46, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
|}

==Sydney Terminal==
Is still in use on working timetables and in station announcements... but let's be consistent. [[User:JROBBO|JROBBO]] 12:56, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

== AWB Bug: Replacement of templates with section headers - Fixed ==

Your Bug [[Wikipedia_talk:AutoWikiBrowser/Bugs/Archive#Replacement_of_templates_with_section_headers]] has been fixed on
[http://autowikibrowser.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/autowikibrowser?view=rev&revision=598 SVN Rev 598] by Mets501

[[User:Reedy Boy|Reedy Boy]] 17:00, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

==An Automated Message from [[User:HagermanBot|HagermanBot]]==

Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk pages]] and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your posts]] by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button [[Image:Wikisigbutton.png]] located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! [[User:HagermanBot|HagermanBot]] 09:23, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

==Thanks==

Thanks for helping out on the [[Ernest Emerson]] and [[Aikido]] articles! I appreciate it!
[[User:Mike Searson|Mike Searson]] 02:56, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
:It was nothing. It's really good to know that my contributions are making a difference, no matter how small. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 02:59, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

==Wesley Clark==
Done! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 15:47, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
*Oh, and of course your vote would be appreciated! Especially a support if you feel the article is up to snuff as there are a couple of random opposes people have tossed on and are now not responding to my questions. Don't want the FAC to get bogged down by unresponsive opposers. Thanks! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 21:09, 26 February 2007 (UTC)
:* <nowiki>:(</nowiki> Sooo, any chance of you putting in a vote on the FAC? I ask only as there are some holdout opposers who aren't really presenting actionable objections, so the more support the better. Thanks! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 18:05, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
*Thank you a thousand times over. LMK if you ever need help on anything. [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 03:32, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

== Windows Vista reversion ==

Thanks for catching that other revert to the Windows Vista article; I thought I undid both of the changes, but apparently WP did a single-paragraph reversion, which must be a new feature. --[[User:Scott McNay|Scott McNay]] 06:47, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

== BEST PAGE EVAR! ==

Ummm, yeah. Woot! for you! —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/76.198.182.212|76.198.182.212]] ([[User talk:76.198.182.212|talk]]) 04:04, 28 February 2007 (UTC).

==The Apprentice UK==
{| class="messagebox standard-talk"
| [[Image:Fired-apprentice.JPG]]
| Hello, {{PAGENAME}} and thank you for your contributions on articles related to [[The Apprentice UK]]. I'd like to invite you to become a part of '''''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Apprentice UK|WikiProject The Apprentice UK]]''''', a WikiProject aiming to improve coverage of [[The Apprentice UK]] and related articles on Wikipedia.

If you would like to help out and participate, please come over and visit us [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Apprentice UK|here]] for more information. Thanks! {{{1|[[User:Dalejenkins|Dalejenkins]] 17:52, 2 March 2007 (UTC)}}}
|}

==Thanks!==
*I just wanted to say thanks for participating in [[Wesley Clark]]'s FAC, the article was just promoted! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 14:05, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

== Your RfA ==

I am pleased to let you know that, consensus reached, you are now an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrator]]. You should find the following forums useful:
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' reading list|Administrators' reading list]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' how-to guide|Administrators' how-to guide]]
* [[WP:AN|Administrators' Noticeboard]]
:* [[WP:ANI|Administrators' Noticeboard for Incidents]]
:* [[WP:AN3RR|Administrators' Noticeboard for Three-revert rule violations]]
Congratulations on your promotion and the best of luck with your new charge! [[User:Redux|Redux]] 03:21, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Congratulations! I missed out on taking part in your RFA, but it's nice to see another Aussie admin :) – [[User:riana_dzasta|riana]]_[[User talk:riana_dzasta|'''dzasta''']] 07:54, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for your note about my RfA and wishing you the very best of luck yourself! Blimey, all these extra buttons... :) [[User:Bubba hotep|Bubba]] [[User talk:Bubba hotep|hotep]] 09:01, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

== Hi ==

Hi! Thanks for the edit on my user page. Did the article get you interested in the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and its activities since 1890? Cheers. -- [[User:Davo88|Davo88]] 15:23, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

== Unintended mistake at Template:Promotional ==

Hey, thank you for doing the edits. One thing: the ''md:Template:Promosi'' request didn't work correctly. You can see the results at [[Template:Promotional]]. I think what the user meant to add was [[:ms:Templat:Promosi]] (without the 'e' at the end of "template"). --[[User:Iamunknown|Iamunknown]] 22:33, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
:You're right. Thanks for picking that up. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:15, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== thank you ==

Thank you for reverting what the user did to my user page. You wouldn't happen to know if there is any vandalism tag specifically about user page would you? [[User:Angelofdeath275|"THROUGH FIRE, JUSTICE IS SERVED!"]] 01:06, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
:There is. On the [[Wikipedia:Template messages/User talk namespace]] page, if you look under ''Complete list of warnings'' you will see the templates for ''User page vandalism''. Glad to be of service. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:13, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== Reverted edit ==

Hey... What did my edit mess up? [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Segoe_UI&diff=113257855&oldid=113256747] — [[User:Akhristov|Alex]] ([[User_talk:Akhristov|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Akhristov|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Akhristov|E]]) 06:39, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

:Unfortunately your edit got in the way of me reverting [[Special:Contributions/221.155.127.188|221.155.127.188's]] vandalism. I've run AWB over it again. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 06:44, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

:: I cleaned up the remaining vandalism. Didn't realize it was there. :-) — [[User:Akhristov|Alex]] ([[User_talk:Akhristov|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Akhristov|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Akhristov|E]]) 06:48, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== Could you look at... ==

[[Template:Windows Vista]] and [[List of Windows Vista topics]]? I figured it was time to create an article series template for all these articles we've got now. They're really just starting points that we can evolve into something better, but I'd really like to hear some other people's opinions on it. Thanks. :-) [[User talk:Warrens|-/-]] [[User:Warrens|Warren]] 08:56, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

== Your cleanup of [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ==

Hi Harry, thanks for fixing up the wikilinks and tidying up the above article in general. Appreciate the help cuz I've been working on this article all alone and it's tough (especially since its an FAC and I have to deal with all the comments myself). Cheers mate, [[User:AppleJuggler|AppleJuggler]] 14:10, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
:Glad to have helped out. Good luck with your FAC. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 14:16, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

== AWB ==

If you can't pay attention to what you're doing, then stop using AWB. You changed the capitalization on the name attribute of a ref tag in [[Backgammon]]. This does not help anyone, and it has only the potential to break further ref tags that use the same name. —[[User:Ptkfgs|ptk]]✰[[User_talk:Ptkfgs|fgs]] 23:36, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
:It doesn't hurt anyone either. If AWB changes one ref tag, it will change all ref tags using that name. I don't see what's the big deal about simple capitalization. I've redone the edit, this time without changing the capitalization. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 00:07, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

==Editing in [[Technopark, Kerala]]==

Thanks for working on the article. I read up on [[AWB]] and am quite impressed by its capabilities. Please suggest any modifications which the article needs for FA status. Looking forward to you support. Take care. Cheers! --[[User:Ajaypp|Ajaypp]] [[User_talk:Ajaypp|(I am here..)]] 10:58, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

== Ads ==

Hi, I notice you're using the ads I've made. It might be better if you transclude <tt><nowiki>{{User:Qxz/ad.css}}</nowiki></tt> directly, rather than copying it into a separate page. The reason for this is that I'm adding (and possibly removing) ads all the time, and so while my copy is updated, yours will get out-of-date. As it's a <tt>.css</tt> page, nobody can edit it except me (and administrators), so you don't have to worry about it being vandalised. Thanks – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 17:53, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

:Is it possible to have just the ad without the links down the bottom. I wanted to customise it so that's why I did what I did. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 01:31, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

:: OK, if you use <tt><nowiki>{{User:Qxz/ad.css|nolinks=yes}}</nowiki></tt>, it will hide the links. I'd appreciate it if you could credit me and AzaToth and provide a link to [[User:Qxz/Ads]], but other than that it's up to you what you put there. Thanks – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 10:36, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

:: I've edited [[User:Harryboyles/Ads]] accordingly. Thanks again for your interest – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 10:43, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

== Welcome ==

Greetings harryboyles, and welcome to wikipedia! I am sorry to have made what you consider a 'personal attack', however i feel it wasn't so. At any rate, i'll call it even after your recent personal attacks against me at school. To those reading this comment whom don't have the appropriate context, i'll just say a strong conflict on interest exists between myself and <strike>wayne</strike> Harryboyles and i am basically challenging the validity of his right to give me an 'only warning' for nothing; and also to disturb my user talk page by adding the following template within another comment:

{{{icon|[[Image:Stop hand.svg|25px|left]] }}}This is your '''only warning'''. The next time you make a personal attack{{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{1|}}}| as you did at [[:{{{1}}}]]}}, you '''will''' be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] for disruption. Comment on content, not on other contributors or people. {{{2|}}} - '''''[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]]'''''

I was actually offended to see this reaction from a friendly comment that i left on this page which he reverted at once. Harryboyles can consider that his only warning before i seek neutral concilliation.

Please do not take as any kind of attack or complex insult, Harryboyles! This is merely a statement of the facts from my point of view. If this page is reverted i will be reporting it to another administrator at once though, as this kind of 'bad comment removal' could be considered cheating using your administrive privilidges for personal gain.

Sorry to take up so much space, at any rate. Cheers to all.

[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 12:01, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

==Nostradamus: 'exemple'==

Hi Harryboyles

For the umpteenth time, the French word ''exemple'' is spelt ''exemple'', not ''example''!! --[[User:PL|PL]] 16:52, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Hi there - I'd recommend considerable caution editing phrases in French if you don't speak the language (you don't list it on your user page I see). Additional to the above, the change from "habitent" to "habitant" in [[Race]] was also duff. All the best. -- [[User:Mutt Lunker|Mutt Lunker]] 10:41, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

== Re: [[User:Salix alba/Cycle studies]] ==

Hi there. I'm curious about your removal of {{tl|db-repost}} from [[User:Salix alba/Cycle studies]]. I don't think your comment that AfD doesn't apply there is correct. That page was a copy of an article that was deleted in AfD to "save" it. The decision of the AfD was to delete the article, not to [[Wikipedia:Userification|userify]] it. I could see your point if it were a page originally created in userspace, but it is not. I'll bring it up at [[Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion]] if you don't agree with me, but I'm hoping you will just delete the page as I asked. [[User talk:Mike Dillon|Mike Dillon]] 17:12, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

:I brought this up at [[Wikipedia talk:Criteria for speedy deletion#Question about G4]]. [[User talk:Mike Dillon|Mike Dillon]] 17:19, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== Disambiguation error ==

Hi there, I noticed that in using AWB [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AusLink&diff=116198531&oldid=116197890 you changed two links] to [[Pacific Highway]] in [[AusLink]] - however, you changed them to different articles (one the Australian highway, and one the US highway). Not sure if you use a bot or something to automatically select the best target, but I thought I would let you know. -- [[User:Chuq|Chuq]] 07:49, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

==Reza Shah Page ==

Hi there, I would appreciate if you would kindly replace the third paragraph of the introduction (before the 'Name' section) which reads:
* ''Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances. [1] Reza Shah's ambitious campaigns for modernizing Iran's educational, industrial and transportation infrastructure are attributed for the emergence of social, political and economic reform in Iran after a long period of decline during the final years of the Qajar dynasty. However his attempts at modernisation reforms have been crticised by some for being "too fast". [5]''
with the following, suggested in the Reza Shah talk page:
* Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances. [1] However, his attempts of modernisation reforms have been crticised by some for being "too fast". [2] and "superficial" [3].Under Reza Shah, the social structure continued essentially to be one where a small minority lived off the labors of the rest [4]
References are cited in the talk page.
Thank you very much. [[User:Faranbazu|Faranbazu]] 23:44, 19 March 2007 (UTC)+

== Thank You Very Much==

Dear Harry Would it be possible to have a look at the discussion page of [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] which is also locked. The problem is that the current version of the lead is totally uniformative and biased with afiltering of his titles. It says:
* Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (Persian: محمدرضا پهلوی‎ Moḥammad Rez̤ā Pahlavī) (October 26, 1919, Tehran – July 27, 1980, Cairo), styled His Imperial Majesty, and holding the imperial titles of Shāhanshāh (King of Kings), and Aryamehr (Light of the Aryans), was the monarchial ruler of Iran from September 16, 1941 until the Iranian Revolution on February 11, 1979. He was the second monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty and the last Shah of the Iranian monarchy.

Can it be replaced with this:

* '''Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, [[List of kings of Persia|Shah of Iran]]''' ({{lang-fa|محمدرضا پهلوی}} ''Moḥammad Rez̤ā Pahlavī'') ([[October 26]], [[1919]], [[Tehran]] – [[July 27]], [[1980]], [[Cairo]]), He was the first son of Reza Shah, who ruled Iran between 1941 to 1979. According to the American Ambassador to Iran Prime Minister [[Shapour Bakhtiar]] demanded that the Shah should leave Iran in response to the popular uprising against the Pahlavi regime <ref>William H Sullivan, Mission to Iran, W.W. Norton & Company, 1981, ISBN o-393-01316-5, page 216 </ref> . After the American hostage crisis in 1981 the Shah became a ''persona non grata'' as no country was granting him an entery visa due to what was alleged to be his Human-Right's records. Finally, President Sadat of Egypt allowed him to enter Egypt, where he died of cancer. He was the last Shah of the [[Iranian monarchy]]. He gave himself the title '''Khodayegan Alahazrat Homayooni Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Aryamehr Shahanshah-e Iran'''<ref>Richard W. Cottam, Nationalsm in Iran, University of Pittsburgh Press, ISBN o-8229-3396-7 pp. 328-329</ref> (Godlike, Supreme-Presence, Homa(Mytical-Bird)-selected, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Light-of-Aryans, King-of-Kings of Iran).

Thank you again. [[User:Faranbazu|Faranbazu]] 04:35, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

==I would like to know why my page was deleted.==
Hi I noticed on my deletion log that the page I had created, Bunn High, had been deleted by you. I realize it had little information, but like I said on its talk page, I was in the process of adding more, when I was interrupted. Also, I can't comprehend why it was considered "spam" as there are many articles about schools on Wikipedia. Furthermore, there had not been an article about it prior, so I don't see the problem in creating one, regardless of how informative it may have been. Anyway, a reply would be greatly appreciated, as I am still puzzled over this unfair situation. [[User:Saywhaaa|Saywhaaa]] 20:44, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
:I'm not sure if you got a chance to read the reply I left on the talk page before it was deleted a few hours later. Wikipedia has many [[WP:POLICY|policies]] and [[WP:GUIDELINE|guidelines]] that govern what content is suitable for Wikipedia, and how that content should be presented. One of the well defined and followed guidelines is the [[Wikipedia:Notability]] guideline, which generally states the threshold for inclusion. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, [[WP:SPAM|not an advertising service]]. From what I could see, your article contained clear evidence that it was an advertisement. Your response on the talk page, also indicated that you wanted to use this for promotional purposes. While the above mentioned are guidelines, and thus generally open to dispute depending on the situation, one of the ''key policies'', [[Wikipedia:Attribution]], requires that material provided is supported by independent, reliable and attributable sources. You have provided no independent sources, and unless you do so in the future, any attempts to create an article about any subject will be scrutinized. If you have any more questions, please answer on my talk page, under your initial request. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 01:39, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Wikipedia:Template messages/Project namespace ==

Please see my note on the talk page about {{tl|adminbacklog}} as it adds the page to [[CAT:AB]] and is very troublesome.[[User:Betacommand|Betacommand]] ([[User talk:Betacommand|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Betacommand|contribs]] • [[User:BetacommandBot|Bot]]) 06:15, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

==Deletion review==
An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time}}}|deletion review]] of [[:TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. It is my opinion the article was speedy deleted prematurely before sufficient discussion or consensus had been reached. [[User:23skidoo|23skidoo]] 14:49, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[Reza Shah]] ==

Hi there, I am not sure why you added the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reza_Shah&diff=116456983&oldid=115691046 edit] which was not agreed up on in the article's talk page. Also, the user who posted for you to add it has been accused of being a sock puppet. --[[User:Rayis|Rayis]] 20:13, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== alpamysh ==

An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|Alpamysh}}}|deletion review]] of [[:Alpamysh]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. [[User:Wisconsin96|Wisconsin96]] 21:28, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

==Luis Leloir==
Hi, I noticed you recently did some editing on the wikipedia entry for Luis Federico Leloir. I am really trying to improve the page to possibly make it a featured article, and I'd like to get some pointers from you for what areas I can improve the article in. I've asked for a review on the community portal but haven't really gotten many responses. Thanks a lot for your help.
[[User:Ychennay|Ychennay]] 04:54, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== Protected pages ==

Keep an eye out for them when editing with AWB [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_warming&diff=118213917&oldid=117881802] [[User:Guettarda|Guettarda]] 12:30, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== Recess episode ==

Would you mind reverting the speedy deletion of the Recess episode? With so many being nominated, I think it's inappropriate to take action at this time. Please let the discussion continue, it would be much better to let people have a chance to speak out. Though given the poor way it was done, that may not happen anyway. [[User:Mister.Manticore|Mister.Manticore]] 19:58, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== Enjoy! ==

<div style="float:center;border-style:solid;border-color:blue;background-color:AliceBlue;border-width:1px;text-align:left;padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[Image:Csmile alt.svg|left|62px]]

{{{1|[[User:Trampton|Trampton]]}}} has smiled at you! Smiles promote [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! {{{2|}}} Smile at others by adding {{tls|Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message.
</div>[[User:Trampton|Trampton]] 02:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).[[User:Trampton|Trampton]] 02:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).

== The Minor Barnstar ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar-minor.png|50px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Minor Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | The Minor Barnstar is awarded to Harryboyles for making minor edits of the utmost quality. [[User:Mr. Barnstar|Mr. Barnstar]] 07:45, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
|}

==Thx==
Appreciate the spate of editprotected fulfillments. :-) — [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] [[[User_talk:SMcCandlish|talk]]] [[[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|cont]]] ‹(-¿-)› 09:58, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
:However (and this is meant only in the most constructive way construable) if you aren't intimately familiar with the effects of nitpicky template futzing, you might want to refain from fulilling editprotected's relating to them. Another admin undid the resulting mayhem already). PS: Been there myself; I remember editing some template to "fix a typo" and causing something like 3000 articles to go wonky. "Haaar! Thar be monsters!" BIG fun, lemme tell ya. — [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] [[[User_talk:SMcCandlish|talk]]] [[[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|cont]]] ‹(-¿-)› 17:04, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

==Speedy==
It was Denny who asked for the speedy. My request that the page was badly named does not invalidate his request for a speedy, which I fully suppot. I have restored the speedy on both pages, please dont remove it without giving a solid reason to the person who placed it, and its in his user space so its not a controversial speedy. Thanks, [[User:SqueakBox|SqueakBox]] 21:01, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

==Thank you==
Thank you for helping with editing the [[Tamil language]] page which is in FARC now.--[[User:Aadal|Aadal]] 01:43, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

== Three recent Speedy tags removed. ==

Hi Harry, yesterday I added three speedy deletion tags to articles [[Inheritance semantics]], [[Implementation inheritance]] and [[Functional normalization]]. On the talk pages for each of these articles, the original author [[User:Shawn_wiki]] requested that these pages be deleted. I was under the impression from [[WP:CSD#General_criteria]] that the request for deletion was enough, not that the author needed to specify ''speedy'' deletion. Am I missing something? --[[User:Michaelblackney|Michaelblackney]] 03:11, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
:Generally when I go through the [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion by user]], I look at the history of the page to confirm whether the author nominated it, or blanked the page. If not, I remove the tag and move on. If the nominating user has a similar username to the author, I might investigate to see whether it is a sockpuppet or a bot account. I don't usually check the talk page because I don't expect anything to be there. Because you didn't use an edit summary to indicate otherwise, I assumed it was a malplaced tag and removed it. If you had used an edit summary such as ''Nominate for speedy deletion: author requested deletion on talk page'', I would have been alerted to this fact. I'll delete them now that I know more details, but for all your edits, use edit summaries so that other users can more easily assess the edit and/or get more information that would not be there otherwise. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:25, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
::Thanks for the clarification - you're a canny fellow :) That's completely clear, now. I'll use summaries more effectively in the future. -- [[User_talk:Michaelblackney|Mike]] [[Special:Contributions/Michaelblackney|Blackney]] 05:32, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

== Best response ==

Thanks for the help on [[Best response]], Cheers, [[User:Pete.Hurd|Pete.Hurd]] 15:19, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Dear Harryboyles I would like to ask that you revert the page Vinyette Teague Deleted April 14/07 back to its original state. The page was described as not notable- but in fact has many secondary sources. The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day. She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago. Law Enforcement is still trying to solve this case.In addition to the relevance of Vinyette Teague as a missing person, she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on.She is also relevant in the fact that this is still an unsolved crime. Sunnyskys[[User:Sunnyskys|Sunnyskys]] 02:10, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

== Some Guidance please ==

Being as 'ow you removed the Star Trek: Eras logo from the Talk page where I am re-habilitating the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Kirok/Pendant_Productions Trek Audio dramas article] perhaps you can tell us what needs to be done to make sure that images put on Wikipedia stay there. The image in question was placed on there by Continuity Cop - the executive producer of "Star Trek: Eras", el Jefe Del Mondo of things to do with that production ... including of course his Logo. Does he need to lodge a "permission to use image form" in triplicate somewhere? LOL Your guidance on this matter would be greately apreciated since we will be doing the same thing for all the groups. Cheers --[[User:Kirok|Kirok of L'Stok]] 12:19, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
:The image in question was marked as being licensed for non-commercial or educational use only. For a few years, non-commercial images have been prohibited from being used on Wikipedia ([http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-May/023760.html][http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/foundation-l/2007-February/027547.html]). It was brought up [[Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images#April 19|here]] that the assertion that was made later was invalid because it was derivative of works copyrighted by Paramount Pictures. Any images you or anyone else upload need to be free of any material that is copyrighted (no screenshots of films etc) unless you can provide a suitable [[WP:FUR|fair use '''rationale''']] (and then only in limited cases is this allowed). Fair use images are '''only''' allowed in the article namespace. I also hope that you do take advice from the Articles for Deletion nomination for Pendant_Productions and that you provide [[WP:RS|reliable third-party sources]]. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 14:45, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

== Image deletions ==

Hey, I wrote a custom application in [[C Sharp|C#]] that displays the images side by side and summarises the details about the images - saves time clicking around tabs in my browser. I blogged about it [http://www.nointrigue.com/blog/2007/04/09/weekend-hacking-and-i-finally-triangulate/ here] but as there are quite a few annoying bugs left, I'm a little reluctant to release it just yet, but I'll try and distribute it asap, because there is quite an annoying backlog. I'll let you know when it's ready :) [[User:Enochlau|enochlau]] ([[User talk:Enochlau|talk]]) 04:06, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

== Vinyette Teague ==

Dear Harryboyles I would like to ask that you revert the page Vinyette Teague Deleted April 14/07 back to its original state. The page was described as not notable- but in fact has many secondary sources. The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day. She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago. Law Enforcement is still trying to solve this case.In addition to the relevance of Vinyette Teague as a missing person, she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on.She is also relevant in the fact that this is still an unsolved crime. SunnyskysSunnyskys 02:10, 18 April 2007 (UTC)--Sorry I not sure if I did this properly.This seems like where I would ask. Could you let me know if I'm wrong.
:First, thank you for putting a header on your comment on my talk page. Without the header, comments tend to slip by without being noticed. After rereading the article, I'm still siding towards enforcing the deletion. Your statement that it "in fact has many secondary sources" - is one I'd disagree with. In the last revision before it's deletion, there were three links. Links one and two were links to the home pages of the respective organisations. External links, but not references or sources. The third link does contain information, however is ridden with popups and security risks and one I would not include. The subject's [[WP:BIO|notability]], which was the presented reason for deletion, is where I fail to see any reason for inclusion. Working through your reasoning for inclusion on my talk page:
#''"The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day."'' Many people go missing every day and we don't have articles on them. We don't generally define someone as notable just because they are missing.
#''"She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States"'' - doesn't make someone notable.
#''"and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago."'' While being featured in the newspaper helps, one newspaper does not cut it. I can't tell how notable he or she is from outside the US unless I can see here sources that show so.
#''"she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on"'' - what makes the project special enough to warrant an article on a child from the place they came from. Notability generally doesn't pass on from place to person.
:The main problem is that you haven't provided enough ''"secondary sources that are reliable, intellectually independent,6 and independent of the subject."'' For more information, see [[Wikipedia:Notability (people)]], [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]] and [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources]]. This is vitally important because Wikipedia is based on ''verifiability, not truth''. I and anyone else should be able to see for themselves using the provided sources whether they are not reliable and make up their own minds, not rely on someone else who ''may'' be related or may be emotionally involved or attatched. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 12:45, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

== Wdefcon ==

Ok, it's been reinstated from deletion. Weird though! See [[Template_talk:Wdefcon#DELETED]]. -- [[User:Casmith_789|Casmith_789]] ([[User talk:Casmith_789|talk]]) 10:22, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

== To make your day ==

<div style="float:center; border-style:solid; border-color:blue; background-color:AliceBlue; border-width:1px; text-align:left; padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[Image:Smiley.svg|left|62px]]

{{{1|[[User:Jupiter12|Jupiter12]]}}} has smiled at you! Smiles promote [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! {{{2|}}} Smile at others by adding {{tls|Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message.
</div>[[User:Jupiter12|Jupiter12]] 02:53, 27 April 2007 (UTC).

== Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Time ==

Would you be able to tell me how I could customise the look of the time once this script is in place. I'm redesigning my CSS and the dark text is hard to read against my dark blue background. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 13:46, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

:In your monobook.css file, try something like:
<pre>
#p-personal li {
color:white;
}
</pre>
:Substitute whatever other color you want. You can get more complex than that, though. See the very bottom of my monobook.css file for an example. Hope this works! --[[User:Mathwiz2020|M]][[Special:Emailuser/Mathwiz2020|@]][[User talk:Mathwiz2020|th]][[User:Mathwiz2020|wiz]][[Special:Contributions/Mathwiz2020|20]][[Wikipedia:Esperanza|20]] 19:04, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

== Thanks for the help on [[Plymouth Colony]], additional help needed. ==

Hey, I want to thank you for the copyedit you gave to the article [[Plymouth Colony]] a few weeks ago. I have made some more extensive revisions and additions to the article, and I was wondering if you would be so kind as to look over the article again and give it some work? I have added sections on prior settlements, Social history, and economy and expanded the government section some. Your work has been very beneficial to the article, and I plan to take this to peer review soon, and would like to have your help in prepping it for that, and possibly reaching Featured status sometime down the road. Thanks again for your prior work, and thanks in advance for any help you can give in the near future! --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]]|[[User talk:Jayron32|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|contribs]] 05:59, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

== Thank you so much for the help on 411 ==

I'm so relieved it has been fixed. I tried to move it back from '''411 (year)''' but obviously, I didn't quite know how (since I had to move the discussion manually and I couldn't get the history moved too). I would just like to clarify, that it wasn't me who moved it in the first place, but I tried to rectify it.

Speaking of moving: Is it only admins who can move a page back in the correct manner or can anyone do this?

Once again: Thank you for fixing 411. I was quite worried for a while. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 09:01, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

:That's OK. The page history says it all, so I know you're not the guilty one, and it worked out all fine in the end. As to your query, only administrators can move a page over an existing one, except where the sole edit has been to redirect to the original page, as stated [[Help:Moving_pages#Moving_over_an_existing_page|here]]. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 09:14, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Iridion 3D|Iridion 3D]] FAC ==

Concerns have been addressed. Could you please take another look? [[User:David Fuchs|David Fuchs]]<nowiki>(</nowiki>[[User talk:David Fuchs|talk]] / [[Special:Contributions/David Fuchs|frog blast the vent core!]]<nowiki>)</nowiki> 22:33, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

== Articles needing expert attention categories ==
{{resolved|dealt with at the template which is used in these categories. [[User:Od Mishehu|Od]] [[User talk:Od Mishehu|Mishehu]] 04:16, 20 May 2007 (UTC) }}
Please categorize the categories you've created. You've caused a big rise in the number of uncategorized categories. Each such category should probably be categorized both in a subject-related category and in {{cl|Articles needing expert attention}} or a category with a similar name. [[User:Od Mishehu|Od]] [[User talk:Od Mishehu|Mishehu]] 17:29, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

== Could you help again? ==

Hello again!

A few weeks ago, you helped fix the problem when somebody hade moved '''411''' to '''411 (year)''' (after my failed attempt at fixing it). I have now noticed that somebody has moved '''985''' to '''985 (year in medieval history)'''. Could you help move it back, please, or direct me to somebody who can. Thanks in advance. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 20:46, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

:PS. I alos noticed, that the same user has moved '''970s''' to '''970s (Decad)''', so this alos needs fixing. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 20:49, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

==Deletion of [[Konstantin von Höfler]]==

This was erroneously speedily deleted by you as copyvio, when the template at the bottom clearly states that it is in the public domain. It is bad enough to have these clueless nominations, but an admin needs to scroll. This was an irresponsible act. [[User:Charles Matthews|Charles Matthews]] 19:04, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

== {{vandal|Loureid}} ==

Time for a block methinks. Cheers. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:42, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
:Hmm, well ahead of me. :) – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:43, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
::Per [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Loureid&curid=11625692&diff=137029789&oldid=137029057 this] I would suggest you extend the block to indefinite and bring it up at [[WP:ANI]]. I think it's fair to say that he'll resume vandalising when the block expires. I've reverted that ridiculous unblock request. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:50, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
:::Fair enough. You prolly should mention the other account you've just reverted too, if this is a long-term harassment thing. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:59, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

User talk:Harryboyles

2007-06-09T13:07:00Z

Lord fabs: comprehendible spelling was updated

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<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki> on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  [[User:DaGizza|D]][[User:DaGizza|a]][[User:DaGizza|Gizza]] ''[[User_talk:DaGizza|Chat]]'' 04:24, 6 January 2006 (UTC)
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==First anniversary of First Edit Day==
{| class="messagebox standard-talk" style="border: 1px solid #CC9999; background-color: Yellow;"
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Glad to see a fellow Aussie! [[User:Mrmoocow|Mrmoocow]] 08:46, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

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Best of wishes, the [[WP:BDC|Birthday Committee]] and myself! --[[User:lovelaughterlife|lov]][[user:lovelaughterlife/Esperanza|e]][[User:lovelaughterlife|laughterlife♥]][[User_talk:Lovelaughterlife|talk?]] 18:52, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
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I'm glad to see another Aussie too! [[User talk:Sp3000|Cheers to]] [[2007|2007]]! [[User:Sp3000|Us]][[User:Sp3000/Esperanza|e]][[User:Sp3000|r:Sp3000]] 22:20, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Lord Fabs is also glad to see a fellow aussie. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 14:20, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

==[[Uranquinty, New South Wales|Uranquinty]] help please?==
Howdy can you please help fix the Uranquinty page. I added a link from Wagga Wagga to The Rock (as the train does stop at the Uranquinty station) but it has st*ffed up the font on the page. [[ Wikipedia:Articles for deletion |V]][[User:VirtualSteve/Images|i]][[Special:Random|r]][[User talk:VirtualSteve|tual]][[User:VirtualSteve|Steve]] 09:18, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

* Well there you go. It has fixed itself it seems - must have been a comp. glitch. Thanks anyway. [[ Wikipedia:Articles for deletion |V]][[User:VirtualSteve/Images|i]][[Special:Random|r]][[User talk:VirtualSteve|tual]][[User:VirtualSteve|Steve]] 09:21, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

== FAC for NSW Rail Line ==

Hi Harryboyles, I was wondering if you could make any comments or suggestions on the article I have up for FAC, on the Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Railway line in Sydney ([[Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates/Eastern_Suburbs_%26_Illawarra_railway_line%2C_Sydney|see here]]); one editor in particular on the FAC has just been downright rude (I've been threatened and even accused of vandalism!), so I'd prefer some constructive comments from editors whose judgement I trust. Thanks for any help you can give. [[User:JROBBO|JROBBO]] 11:46, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

== Double up==
Just thought you might like to know that you have a double up on [[User talk:Harryboyles/Archive 1 (Mistakes)]] at '''CityRail line order'''. --[[User:VirtualSteve|VS]] [[User_talk:VirtualSteve|talk]]...[[User:VirtualSteve/Images|images]] 04:04, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
:Thanks for that. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 04:29, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Be careful [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&diff=104092202&oldid=104090753]. Thanks, [[User:Googl|googl]] [[User talk:Googl|t]] 15:15, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

==Orphaned fair use image (Image:Windows Media Player 11 Library View.png)==
Thanks for uploading '''[[:Image:Windows Media Player 11 Library View.png]]'''. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a [[WP:FU|claim of fair use]]. However, the image is currently [[WP:O|orphaned]], meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. [[WP:BOLD|You may add it back]] if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see [[Wikipedia:Fair use#Policy|our fair use policy]]).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "[[Special:Contributions/{{PAGENAME}}|my contributions]]" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any '''articles''' will be deleted after seven days, as described on [[wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Images.2FMedia|criteria for speedy deletion]]. Thank you. This is an automated message from [[User:BJBot|BJBot]] 21:01, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

== Happy B-Day!!! ==

{{Gravity/HBD}}

Start partying!!!--[[User:GravityFong|Gravity]][[User Talk:GravityFong|Talk]] 11:43, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-02-12/Features and admins]] ==

Miscalculation, thanks. It's 10 FPs this week. [[User:Ral315|Ral315]] ([[User talk:Ral315|talk]]) 07:15, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

== I am so joyeous for your help ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
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|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: bottom; height: 1.1em;" | '''The E=mc² Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | thank you very much for helping me in the excel question. now i can finish my assignment due tommorow. I am so joyeous for your quick reply. [[User:Parker007|Parker007]] 10:46, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
|}

==Sydney Terminal==
Is still in use on working timetables and in station announcements... but let's be consistent. [[User:JROBBO|JROBBO]] 12:56, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

== AWB Bug: Replacement of templates with section headers - Fixed ==

Your Bug [[Wikipedia_talk:AutoWikiBrowser/Bugs/Archive#Replacement_of_templates_with_section_headers]] has been fixed on
[http://autowikibrowser.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/autowikibrowser?view=rev&revision=598 SVN Rev 598] by Mets501

[[User:Reedy Boy|Reedy Boy]] 17:00, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

==An Automated Message from [[User:HagermanBot|HagermanBot]]==

Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk pages]] and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your posts]] by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button [[Image:Wikisigbutton.png]] located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! [[User:HagermanBot|HagermanBot]] 09:23, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

==Thanks==

Thanks for helping out on the [[Ernest Emerson]] and [[Aikido]] articles! I appreciate it!
[[User:Mike Searson|Mike Searson]] 02:56, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
:It was nothing. It's really good to know that my contributions are making a difference, no matter how small. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 02:59, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

==Wesley Clark==
Done! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 15:47, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
*Oh, and of course your vote would be appreciated! Especially a support if you feel the article is up to snuff as there are a couple of random opposes people have tossed on and are now not responding to my questions. Don't want the FAC to get bogged down by unresponsive opposers. Thanks! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 21:09, 26 February 2007 (UTC)
:* <nowiki>:(</nowiki> Sooo, any chance of you putting in a vote on the FAC? I ask only as there are some holdout opposers who aren't really presenting actionable objections, so the more support the better. Thanks! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 18:05, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
*Thank you a thousand times over. LMK if you ever need help on anything. [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 03:32, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

== Windows Vista reversion ==

Thanks for catching that other revert to the Windows Vista article; I thought I undid both of the changes, but apparently WP did a single-paragraph reversion, which must be a new feature. --[[User:Scott McNay|Scott McNay]] 06:47, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

== BEST PAGE EVAR! ==

Ummm, yeah. Woot! for you! —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/76.198.182.212|76.198.182.212]] ([[User talk:76.198.182.212|talk]]) 04:04, 28 February 2007 (UTC).

==The Apprentice UK==
{| class="messagebox standard-talk"
| [[Image:Fired-apprentice.JPG]]
| Hello, {{PAGENAME}} and thank you for your contributions on articles related to [[The Apprentice UK]]. I'd like to invite you to become a part of '''''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Apprentice UK|WikiProject The Apprentice UK]]''''', a WikiProject aiming to improve coverage of [[The Apprentice UK]] and related articles on Wikipedia.

If you would like to help out and participate, please come over and visit us [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Apprentice UK|here]] for more information. Thanks! {{{1|[[User:Dalejenkins|Dalejenkins]] 17:52, 2 March 2007 (UTC)}}}
|}

==Thanks!==
*I just wanted to say thanks for participating in [[Wesley Clark]]'s FAC, the article was just promoted! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 14:05, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

== Your RfA ==

I am pleased to let you know that, consensus reached, you are now an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrator]]. You should find the following forums useful:
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' reading list|Administrators' reading list]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' how-to guide|Administrators' how-to guide]]
* [[WP:AN|Administrators' Noticeboard]]
:* [[WP:ANI|Administrators' Noticeboard for Incidents]]
:* [[WP:AN3RR|Administrators' Noticeboard for Three-revert rule violations]]
Congratulations on your promotion and the best of luck with your new charge! [[User:Redux|Redux]] 03:21, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Congratulations! I missed out on taking part in your RFA, but it's nice to see another Aussie admin :) – [[User:riana_dzasta|riana]]_[[User talk:riana_dzasta|'''dzasta''']] 07:54, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for your note about my RfA and wishing you the very best of luck yourself! Blimey, all these extra buttons... :) [[User:Bubba hotep|Bubba]] [[User talk:Bubba hotep|hotep]] 09:01, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

== Hi ==

Hi! Thanks for the edit on my user page. Did the article get you interested in the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and its activities since 1890? Cheers. -- [[User:Davo88|Davo88]] 15:23, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

== Unintended mistake at Template:Promotional ==

Hey, thank you for doing the edits. One thing: the ''md:Template:Promosi'' request didn't work correctly. You can see the results at [[Template:Promotional]]. I think what the user meant to add was [[:ms:Templat:Promosi]] (without the 'e' at the end of "template"). --[[User:Iamunknown|Iamunknown]] 22:33, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
:You're right. Thanks for picking that up. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:15, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== thank you ==

Thank you for reverting what the user did to my user page. You wouldn't happen to know if there is any vandalism tag specifically about user page would you? [[User:Angelofdeath275|"THROUGH FIRE, JUSTICE IS SERVED!"]] 01:06, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
:There is. On the [[Wikipedia:Template messages/User talk namespace]] page, if you look under ''Complete list of warnings'' you will see the templates for ''User page vandalism''. Glad to be of service. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:13, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== Reverted edit ==

Hey... What did my edit mess up? [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Segoe_UI&diff=113257855&oldid=113256747] — [[User:Akhristov|Alex]] ([[User_talk:Akhristov|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Akhristov|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Akhristov|E]]) 06:39, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

:Unfortunately your edit got in the way of me reverting [[Special:Contributions/221.155.127.188|221.155.127.188's]] vandalism. I've run AWB over it again. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 06:44, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

:: I cleaned up the remaining vandalism. Didn't realize it was there. :-) — [[User:Akhristov|Alex]] ([[User_talk:Akhristov|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Akhristov|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Akhristov|E]]) 06:48, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== Could you look at... ==

[[Template:Windows Vista]] and [[List of Windows Vista topics]]? I figured it was time to create an article series template for all these articles we've got now. They're really just starting points that we can evolve into something better, but I'd really like to hear some other people's opinions on it. Thanks. :-) [[User talk:Warrens|-/-]] [[User:Warrens|Warren]] 08:56, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

== Your cleanup of [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ==

Hi Harry, thanks for fixing up the wikilinks and tidying up the above article in general. Appreciate the help cuz I've been working on this article all alone and it's tough (especially since its an FAC and I have to deal with all the comments myself). Cheers mate, [[User:AppleJuggler|AppleJuggler]] 14:10, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
:Glad to have helped out. Good luck with your FAC. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 14:16, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

== AWB ==

If you can't pay attention to what you're doing, then stop using AWB. You changed the capitalization on the name attribute of a ref tag in [[Backgammon]]. This does not help anyone, and it has only the potential to break further ref tags that use the same name. —[[User:Ptkfgs|ptk]]✰[[User_talk:Ptkfgs|fgs]] 23:36, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
:It doesn't hurt anyone either. If AWB changes one ref tag, it will change all ref tags using that name. I don't see what's the big deal about simple capitalization. I've redone the edit, this time without changing the capitalization. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 00:07, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

==Editing in [[Technopark, Kerala]]==

Thanks for working on the article. I read up on [[AWB]] and am quite impressed by its capabilities. Please suggest any modifications which the article needs for FA status. Looking forward to you support. Take care. Cheers! --[[User:Ajaypp|Ajaypp]] [[User_talk:Ajaypp|(I am here..)]] 10:58, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

== Ads ==

Hi, I notice you're using the ads I've made. It might be better if you transclude <tt><nowiki>{{User:Qxz/ad.css}}</nowiki></tt> directly, rather than copying it into a separate page. The reason for this is that I'm adding (and possibly removing) ads all the time, and so while my copy is updated, yours will get out-of-date. As it's a <tt>.css</tt> page, nobody can edit it except me (and administrators), so you don't have to worry about it being vandalised. Thanks – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 17:53, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

:Is it possible to have just the ad without the links down the bottom. I wanted to customise it so that's why I did what I did. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 01:31, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

:: OK, if you use <tt><nowiki>{{User:Qxz/ad.css|nolinks=yes}}</nowiki></tt>, it will hide the links. I'd appreciate it if you could credit me and AzaToth and provide a link to [[User:Qxz/Ads]], but other than that it's up to you what you put there. Thanks – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 10:36, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

:: I've edited [[User:Harryboyles/Ads]] accordingly. Thanks again for your interest – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 10:43, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

== Welcome ==

Greetings harryboyles, and welcome to wikipedia! I am sorry to have made what you consider a 'personal attack', however i feel it wasn't so. At any rate, i'll call it even after your recent personal attacks against me at school. To those reading this comment whom don't have the appropriate context, i'll just say a strong conflict on interest exists between myself and <strike>wayne</strike> Harryboyles and i am basically challenging the validity of his right to give me an 'only warning' for nothing; and also to disturb my user talk page by adding the following template within another comment:

{{{icon|[[Image:Stop hand.svg|25px|left]] }}}This is your '''only warning'''. The next time you make a personal attack{{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{1|}}}| as you did at [[:{{{1}}}]]}}, you '''will''' be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] for disruption. Comment on content, not on other contributors or people. {{{2|}}} - '''''[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]]'''''

I was actually offended to see this reaction from a friendly comment that i left on this page which he reverted at once. Harryboyles can consider that his only warning before i seek neutral concilliation.

Please do not take as any kind of attack or complex insult, Harryboyles! This is merely a statement of the facts from my point of view. If this page is reverted i will be reporting it to another administrator at once though, as this kind of 'bad comment removal' could be considered cheating using your administrive privilidges for personal gain.

Sorry to take up so much space, at any rate. Cheers to all.

[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 12:01, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

==Nostradamus: 'exemple'==

Hi Harryboyles

For the umpteenth time, the French word ''exemple'' is spelt ''exemple'', not ''example''!! --[[User:PL|PL]] 16:52, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Hi there - I'd recommend considerable caution editing phrases in French if you don't speak the language (you don't list it on your user page I see). Additional to the above, the change from "habitent" to "habitant" in [[Race]] was also duff. All the best. -- [[User:Mutt Lunker|Mutt Lunker]] 10:41, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

== Re: [[User:Salix alba/Cycle studies]] ==

Hi there. I'm curious about your removal of {{tl|db-repost}} from [[User:Salix alba/Cycle studies]]. I don't think your comment that AfD doesn't apply there is correct. That page was a copy of an article that was deleted in AfD to "save" it. The decision of the AfD was to delete the article, not to [[Wikipedia:Userification|userify]] it. I could see your point if it were a page originally created in userspace, but it is not. I'll bring it up at [[Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion]] if you don't agree with me, but I'm hoping you will just delete the page as I asked. [[User talk:Mike Dillon|Mike Dillon]] 17:12, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

:I brought this up at [[Wikipedia talk:Criteria for speedy deletion#Question about G4]]. [[User talk:Mike Dillon|Mike Dillon]] 17:19, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== Disambiguation error ==

Hi there, I noticed that in using AWB [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AusLink&diff=116198531&oldid=116197890 you changed two links] to [[Pacific Highway]] in [[AusLink]] - however, you changed them to different articles (one the Australian highway, and one the US highway). Not sure if you use a bot or something to automatically select the best target, but I thought I would let you know. -- [[User:Chuq|Chuq]] 07:49, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

==Reza Shah Page ==

Hi there, I would appreciate if you would kindly replace the third paragraph of the introduction (before the 'Name' section) which reads:
* ''Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances. [1] Reza Shah's ambitious campaigns for modernizing Iran's educational, industrial and transportation infrastructure are attributed for the emergence of social, political and economic reform in Iran after a long period of decline during the final years of the Qajar dynasty. However his attempts at modernisation reforms have been crticised by some for being "too fast". [5]''
with the following, suggested in the Reza Shah talk page:
* Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances. [1] However, his attempts of modernisation reforms have been crticised by some for being "too fast". [2] and "superficial" [3].Under Reza Shah, the social structure continued essentially to be one where a small minority lived off the labors of the rest [4]
References are cited in the talk page.
Thank you very much. [[User:Faranbazu|Faranbazu]] 23:44, 19 March 2007 (UTC)+

== Thank You Very Much==

Dear Harry Would it be possible to have a look at the discussion page of [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] which is also locked. The problem is that the current version of the lead is totally uniformative and biased with afiltering of his titles. It says:
* Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (Persian: محمدرضا پهلوی‎ Moḥammad Rez̤ā Pahlavī) (October 26, 1919, Tehran – July 27, 1980, Cairo), styled His Imperial Majesty, and holding the imperial titles of Shāhanshāh (King of Kings), and Aryamehr (Light of the Aryans), was the monarchial ruler of Iran from September 16, 1941 until the Iranian Revolution on February 11, 1979. He was the second monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty and the last Shah of the Iranian monarchy.

Can it be replaced with this:

* '''Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, [[List of kings of Persia|Shah of Iran]]''' ({{lang-fa|محمدرضا پهلوی}} ''Moḥammad Rez̤ā Pahlavī'') ([[October 26]], [[1919]], [[Tehran]] – [[July 27]], [[1980]], [[Cairo]]), He was the first son of Reza Shah, who ruled Iran between 1941 to 1979. According to the American Ambassador to Iran Prime Minister [[Shapour Bakhtiar]] demanded that the Shah should leave Iran in response to the popular uprising against the Pahlavi regime <ref>William H Sullivan, Mission to Iran, W.W. Norton & Company, 1981, ISBN o-393-01316-5, page 216 </ref> . After the American hostage crisis in 1981 the Shah became a ''persona non grata'' as no country was granting him an entery visa due to what was alleged to be his Human-Right's records. Finally, President Sadat of Egypt allowed him to enter Egypt, where he died of cancer. He was the last Shah of the [[Iranian monarchy]]. He gave himself the title '''Khodayegan Alahazrat Homayooni Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Aryamehr Shahanshah-e Iran'''<ref>Richard W. Cottam, Nationalsm in Iran, University of Pittsburgh Press, ISBN o-8229-3396-7 pp. 328-329</ref> (Godlike, Supreme-Presence, Homa(Mytical-Bird)-selected, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Light-of-Aryans, King-of-Kings of Iran).

Thank you again. [[User:Faranbazu|Faranbazu]] 04:35, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

==I would like to know why my page was deleted.==
Hi I noticed on my deletion log that the page I had created, Bunn High, had been deleted by you. I realize it had little information, but like I said on its talk page, I was in the process of adding more, when I was interrupted. Also, I can't comprehend why it was considered "spam" as there are many articles about schools on Wikipedia. Furthermore, there had not been an article about it prior, so I don't see the problem in creating one, regardless of how informative it may have been. Anyway, a reply would be greatly appreciated, as I am still puzzled over this unfair situation. [[User:Saywhaaa|Saywhaaa]] 20:44, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
:I'm not sure if you got a chance to read the reply I left on the talk page before it was deleted a few hours later. Wikipedia has many [[WP:POLICY|policies]] and [[WP:GUIDELINE|guidelines]] that govern what content is suitable for Wikipedia, and how that content should be presented. One of the well defined and followed guidelines is the [[Wikipedia:Notability]] guideline, which generally states the threshold for inclusion. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, [[WP:SPAM|not an advertising service]]. From what I could see, your article contained clear evidence that it was an advertisement. Your response on the talk page, also indicated that you wanted to use this for promotional purposes. While the above mentioned are guidelines, and thus generally open to dispute depending on the situation, one of the ''key policies'', [[Wikipedia:Attribution]], requires that material provided is supported by independent, reliable and attributable sources. You have provided no independent sources, and unless you do so in the future, any attempts to create an article about any subject will be scrutinized. If you have any more questions, please answer on my talk page, under your initial request. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 01:39, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Wikipedia:Template messages/Project namespace ==

Please see my note on the talk page about {{tl|adminbacklog}} as it adds the page to [[CAT:AB]] and is very troublesome.[[User:Betacommand|Betacommand]] ([[User talk:Betacommand|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Betacommand|contribs]] • [[User:BetacommandBot|Bot]]) 06:15, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

==Deletion review==
An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time}}}|deletion review]] of [[:TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. It is my opinion the article was speedy deleted prematurely before sufficient discussion or consensus had been reached. [[User:23skidoo|23skidoo]] 14:49, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[Reza Shah]] ==

Hi there, I am not sure why you added the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reza_Shah&diff=116456983&oldid=115691046 edit] which was not agreed up on in the article's talk page. Also, the user who posted for you to add it has been accused of being a sock puppet. --[[User:Rayis|Rayis]] 20:13, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== alpamysh ==

An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|Alpamysh}}}|deletion review]] of [[:Alpamysh]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. [[User:Wisconsin96|Wisconsin96]] 21:28, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

==Luis Leloir==
Hi, I noticed you recently did some editing on the wikipedia entry for Luis Federico Leloir. I am really trying to improve the page to possibly make it a featured article, and I'd like to get some pointers from you for what areas I can improve the article in. I've asked for a review on the community portal but haven't really gotten many responses. Thanks a lot for your help.
[[User:Ychennay|Ychennay]] 04:54, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== Protected pages ==

Keep an eye out for them when editing with AWB [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_warming&diff=118213917&oldid=117881802] [[User:Guettarda|Guettarda]] 12:30, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== Recess episode ==

Would you mind reverting the speedy deletion of the Recess episode? With so many being nominated, I think it's inappropriate to take action at this time. Please let the discussion continue, it would be much better to let people have a chance to speak out. Though given the poor way it was done, that may not happen anyway. [[User:Mister.Manticore|Mister.Manticore]] 19:58, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== Enjoy! ==

<div style="float:center;border-style:solid;border-color:blue;background-color:AliceBlue;border-width:1px;text-align:left;padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[Image:Csmile alt.svg|left|62px]]

{{{1|[[User:Trampton|Trampton]]}}} has smiled at you! Smiles promote [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! {{{2|}}} Smile at others by adding {{tls|Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message.
</div>[[User:Trampton|Trampton]] 02:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).[[User:Trampton|Trampton]] 02:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).

== The Minor Barnstar ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar-minor.png|50px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Minor Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | The Minor Barnstar is awarded to Harryboyles for making minor edits of the utmost quality. [[User:Mr. Barnstar|Mr. Barnstar]] 07:45, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
|}

==Thx==
Appreciate the spate of editprotected fulfillments. :-) — [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] [[[User_talk:SMcCandlish|talk]]] [[[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|cont]]] ‹(-¿-)› 09:58, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
:However (and this is meant only in the most constructive way construable) if you aren't intimately familiar with the effects of nitpicky template futzing, you might want to refain from fulilling editprotected's relating to them. Another admin undid the resulting mayhem already). PS: Been there myself; I remember editing some template to "fix a typo" and causing something like 3000 articles to go wonky. "Haaar! Thar be monsters!" BIG fun, lemme tell ya. — [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] [[[User_talk:SMcCandlish|talk]]] [[[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|cont]]] ‹(-¿-)› 17:04, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

==Speedy==
It was Denny who asked for the speedy. My request that the page was badly named does not invalidate his request for a speedy, which I fully suppot. I have restored the speedy on both pages, please dont remove it without giving a solid reason to the person who placed it, and its in his user space so its not a controversial speedy. Thanks, [[User:SqueakBox|SqueakBox]] 21:01, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

==Thank you==
Thank you for helping with editing the [[Tamil language]] page which is in FARC now.--[[User:Aadal|Aadal]] 01:43, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

== Three recent Speedy tags removed. ==

Hi Harry, yesterday I added three speedy deletion tags to articles [[Inheritance semantics]], [[Implementation inheritance]] and [[Functional normalization]]. On the talk pages for each of these articles, the original author [[User:Shawn_wiki]] requested that these pages be deleted. I was under the impression from [[WP:CSD#General_criteria]] that the request for deletion was enough, not that the author needed to specify ''speedy'' deletion. Am I missing something? --[[User:Michaelblackney|Michaelblackney]] 03:11, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
:Generally when I go through the [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion by user]], I look at the history of the page to confirm whether the author nominated it, or blanked the page. If not, I remove the tag and move on. If the nominating user has a similar username to the author, I might investigate to see whether it is a sockpuppet or a bot account. I don't usually check the talk page because I don't expect anything to be there. Because you didn't use an edit summary to indicate otherwise, I assumed it was a malplaced tag and removed it. If you had used an edit summary such as ''Nominate for speedy deletion: author requested deletion on talk page'', I would have been alerted to this fact. I'll delete them now that I know more details, but for all your edits, use edit summaries so that other users can more easily assess the edit and/or get more information that would not be there otherwise. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:25, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
::Thanks for the clarification - you're a canny fellow :) That's completely clear, now. I'll use summaries more effectively in the future. -- [[User_talk:Michaelblackney|Mike]] [[Special:Contributions/Michaelblackney|Blackney]] 05:32, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

== Best response ==

Thanks for the help on [[Best response]], Cheers, [[User:Pete.Hurd|Pete.Hurd]] 15:19, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Dear Harryboyles I would like to ask that you revert the page Vinyette Teague Deleted April 14/07 back to its original state. The page was described as not notable- but in fact has many secondary sources. The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day. She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago. Law Enforcement is still trying to solve this case.In addition to the relevance of Vinyette Teague as a missing person, she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on.She is also relevant in the fact that this is still an unsolved crime. Sunnyskys[[User:Sunnyskys|Sunnyskys]] 02:10, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

== Some Guidance please ==

Being as 'ow you removed the Star Trek: Eras logo from the Talk page where I am re-habilitating the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Kirok/Pendant_Productions Trek Audio dramas article] perhaps you can tell us what needs to be done to make sure that images put on Wikipedia stay there. The image in question was placed on there by Continuity Cop - the executive producer of "Star Trek: Eras", el Jefe Del Mondo of things to do with that production ... including of course his Logo. Does he need to lodge a "permission to use image form" in triplicate somewhere? LOL Your guidance on this matter would be greately apreciated since we will be doing the same thing for all the groups. Cheers --[[User:Kirok|Kirok of L'Stok]] 12:19, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
:The image in question was marked as being licensed for non-commercial or educational use only. For a few years, non-commercial images have been prohibited from being used on Wikipedia ([http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-May/023760.html][http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/foundation-l/2007-February/027547.html]). It was brought up [[Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images#April 19|here]] that the assertion that was made later was invalid because it was derivative of works copyrighted by Paramount Pictures. Any images you or anyone else upload need to be free of any material that is copyrighted (no screenshots of films etc) unless you can provide a suitable [[WP:FUR|fair use '''rationale''']] (and then only in limited cases is this allowed). Fair use images are '''only''' allowed in the article namespace. I also hope that you do take advice from the Articles for Deletion nomination for Pendant_Productions and that you provide [[WP:RS|reliable third-party sources]]. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 14:45, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

== Image deletions ==

Hey, I wrote a custom application in [[C Sharp|C#]] that displays the images side by side and summarises the details about the images - saves time clicking around tabs in my browser. I blogged about it [http://www.nointrigue.com/blog/2007/04/09/weekend-hacking-and-i-finally-triangulate/ here] but as there are quite a few annoying bugs left, I'm a little reluctant to release it just yet, but I'll try and distribute it asap, because there is quite an annoying backlog. I'll let you know when it's ready :) [[User:Enochlau|enochlau]] ([[User talk:Enochlau|talk]]) 04:06, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

== Vinyette Teague ==

Dear Harryboyles I would like to ask that you revert the page Vinyette Teague Deleted April 14/07 back to its original state. The page was described as not notable- but in fact has many secondary sources. The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day. She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago. Law Enforcement is still trying to solve this case.In addition to the relevance of Vinyette Teague as a missing person, she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on.She is also relevant in the fact that this is still an unsolved crime. SunnyskysSunnyskys 02:10, 18 April 2007 (UTC)--Sorry I not sure if I did this properly.This seems like where I would ask. Could you let me know if I'm wrong.
:First, thank you for putting a header on your comment on my talk page. Without the header, comments tend to slip by without being noticed. After rereading the article, I'm still siding towards enforcing the deletion. Your statement that it "in fact has many secondary sources" - is one I'd disagree with. In the last revision before it's deletion, there were three links. Links one and two were links to the home pages of the respective organisations. External links, but not references or sources. The third link does contain information, however is ridden with popups and security risks and one I would not include. The subject's [[WP:BIO|notability]], which was the presented reason for deletion, is where I fail to see any reason for inclusion. Working through your reasoning for inclusion on my talk page:
#''"The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day."'' Many people go missing every day and we don't have articles on them. We don't generally define someone as notable just because they are missing.
#''"She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States"'' - doesn't make someone notable.
#''"and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago."'' While being featured in the newspaper helps, one newspaper does not cut it. I can't tell how notable he or she is from outside the US unless I can see here sources that show so.
#''"she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on"'' - what makes the project special enough to warrant an article on a child from the place they came from. Notability generally doesn't pass on from place to person.
:The main problem is that you haven't provided enough ''"secondary sources that are reliable, intellectually independent,6 and independent of the subject."'' For more information, see [[Wikipedia:Notability (people)]], [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]] and [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources]]. This is vitally important because Wikipedia is based on ''verifiability, not truth''. I and anyone else should be able to see for themselves using the provided sources whether they are not reliable and make up their own minds, not rely on someone else who ''may'' be related or may be emotionally involved or attatched. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 12:45, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

== Wdefcon ==

Ok, it's been reinstated from deletion. Weird though! See [[Template_talk:Wdefcon#DELETED]]. -- [[User:Casmith_789|Casmith_789]] ([[User talk:Casmith_789|talk]]) 10:22, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

== To make your day ==

<div style="float:center; border-style:solid; border-color:blue; background-color:AliceBlue; border-width:1px; text-align:left; padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[Image:Smiley.svg|left|62px]]

{{{1|[[User:Jupiter12|Jupiter12]]}}} has smiled at you! Smiles promote [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! {{{2|}}} Smile at others by adding {{tls|Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message.
</div>[[User:Jupiter12|Jupiter12]] 02:53, 27 April 2007 (UTC).

== Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Time ==

Would you be able to tell me how I could customise the look of the time once this script is in place. I'm redesigning my CSS and the dark text is hard to read against my dark blue background. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 13:46, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

:In your monobook.css file, try something like:
<pre>
#p-personal li {
color:white;
}
</pre>
:Substitute whatever other color you want. You can get more complex than that, though. See the very bottom of my monobook.css file for an example. Hope this works! --[[User:Mathwiz2020|M]][[Special:Emailuser/Mathwiz2020|@]][[User talk:Mathwiz2020|th]][[User:Mathwiz2020|wiz]][[Special:Contributions/Mathwiz2020|20]][[Wikipedia:Esperanza|20]] 19:04, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

== Thanks for the help on [[Plymouth Colony]], additional help needed. ==

Hey, I want to thank you for the copyedit you gave to the article [[Plymouth Colony]] a few weeks ago. I have made some more extensive revisions and additions to the article, and I was wondering if you would be so kind as to look over the article again and give it some work? I have added sections on prior settlements, Social history, and economy and expanded the government section some. Your work has been very beneficial to the article, and I plan to take this to peer review soon, and would like to have your help in prepping it for that, and possibly reaching Featured status sometime down the road. Thanks again for your prior work, and thanks in advance for any help you can give in the near future! --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]]|[[User talk:Jayron32|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|contribs]] 05:59, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

== Thank you so much for the help on 411 ==

I'm so relieved it has been fixed. I tried to move it back from '''411 (year)''' but obviously, I didn't quite know how (since I had to move the discussion manually and I couldn't get the history moved too). I would just like to clarify, that it wasn't me who moved it in the first place, but I tried to rectify it.

Speaking of moving: Is it only admins who can move a page back in the correct manner or can anyone do this?

Once again: Thank you for fixing 411. I was quite worried for a while. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 09:01, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

:That's OK. The page history says it all, so I know you're not the guilty one, and it worked out all fine in the end. As to your query, only administrators can move a page over an existing one, except where the sole edit has been to redirect to the original page, as stated [[Help:Moving_pages#Moving_over_an_existing_page|here]]. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 09:14, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Iridion 3D|Iridion 3D]] FAC ==

Concerns have been addressed. Could you please take another look? [[User:David Fuchs|David Fuchs]]<nowiki>(</nowiki>[[User talk:David Fuchs|talk]] / [[Special:Contributions/David Fuchs|frog blast the vent core!]]<nowiki>)</nowiki> 22:33, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

== Articles needing expert attention categories ==
{{resolved|dealt with at the template which is used in these categories. [[User:Od Mishehu|Od]] [[User talk:Od Mishehu|Mishehu]] 04:16, 20 May 2007 (UTC) }}
Please categorize the categories you've created. You've caused a big rise in the number of uncategorized categories. Each such category should probably be categorized both in a subject-related category and in {{cl|Articles needing expert attention}} or a category with a similar name. [[User:Od Mishehu|Od]] [[User talk:Od Mishehu|Mishehu]] 17:29, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

== Could you help again? ==

Hello again!

A few weeks ago, you helped fix the problem when somebody hade moved '''411''' to '''411 (year)''' (after my failed attempt at fixing it). I have now noticed that somebody has moved '''985''' to '''985 (year in medieval history)'''. Could you help move it back, please, or direct me to somebody who can. Thanks in advance. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 20:46, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

:PS. I alos noticed, that the same user has moved '''970s''' to '''970s (Decad)''', so this alos needs fixing. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 20:49, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

==Deletion of [[Konstantin von Höfler]]==

This was erroneously speedily deleted by you as copyvio, when the template at the bottom clearly states that it is in the public domain. It is bad enough to have these clueless nominations, but an admin needs to scroll. This was an irresponsible act. [[User:Charles Matthews|Charles Matthews]] 19:04, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

== {{vandal|Loureid}} ==

Time for a block methinks. Cheers. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:42, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
:Hmm, well ahead of me. :) – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:43, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
::Per [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Loureid&curid=11625692&diff=137029789&oldid=137029057 this] I would suggest you extend the block to indefinite and bring it up at [[WP:ANI]]. I think it's fair to say that he'll resume vandalising when the block expires. I've reverted that ridiculous unblock request. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:50, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
:::Fair enough. You prolly should mention the other account you've just reverted too, if this is a long-term harassment thing. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:59, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

User talk:Harryboyles

2007-06-09T12:54:25Z

Lord fabs: /* {{vandal|Loureid}} */

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==First anniversary of First Edit Day==
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Glad to see a fellow Aussie! [[User:Mrmoocow|Mrmoocow]] 08:46, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

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I'm glad to see another Aussie too! [[User talk:Sp3000|Cheers to]] [[2007|2007]]! [[User:Sp3000|Us]][[User:Sp3000/Esperanza|e]][[User:Sp3000|r:Sp3000]] 22:20, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Lord Fabs is also glad to see a fellow aussie. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 14:20, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

==[[Uranquinty, New South Wales|Uranquinty]] help please?==
Howdy can you please help fix the Uranquinty page. I added a link from Wagga Wagga to The Rock (as the train does stop at the Uranquinty station) but it has st*ffed up the font on the page. [[ Wikipedia:Articles for deletion |V]][[User:VirtualSteve/Images|i]][[Special:Random|r]][[User talk:VirtualSteve|tual]][[User:VirtualSteve|Steve]] 09:18, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

* Well there you go. It has fixed itself it seems - must have been a comp. glitch. Thanks anyway. [[ Wikipedia:Articles for deletion |V]][[User:VirtualSteve/Images|i]][[Special:Random|r]][[User talk:VirtualSteve|tual]][[User:VirtualSteve|Steve]] 09:21, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

== FAC for NSW Rail Line ==

Hi Harryboyles, I was wondering if you could make any comments or suggestions on the article I have up for FAC, on the Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Railway line in Sydney ([[Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates/Eastern_Suburbs_%26_Illawarra_railway_line%2C_Sydney|see here]]); one editor in particular on the FAC has just been downright rude (I've been threatened and even accused of vandalism!), so I'd prefer some constructive comments from editors whose judgement I trust. Thanks for any help you can give. [[User:JROBBO|JROBBO]] 11:46, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

== Double up==
Just thought you might like to know that you have a double up on [[User talk:Harryboyles/Archive 1 (Mistakes)]] at '''CityRail line order'''. --[[User:VirtualSteve|VS]] [[User_talk:VirtualSteve|talk]]...[[User:VirtualSteve/Images|images]] 04:04, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
:Thanks for that. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 04:29, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Be careful [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&diff=104092202&oldid=104090753]. Thanks, [[User:Googl|googl]] [[User talk:Googl|t]] 15:15, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

==Orphaned fair use image (Image:Windows Media Player 11 Library View.png)==
Thanks for uploading '''[[:Image:Windows Media Player 11 Library View.png]]'''. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a [[WP:FU|claim of fair use]]. However, the image is currently [[WP:O|orphaned]], meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. [[WP:BOLD|You may add it back]] if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see [[Wikipedia:Fair use#Policy|our fair use policy]]).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "[[Special:Contributions/{{PAGENAME}}|my contributions]]" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any '''articles''' will be deleted after seven days, as described on [[wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Images.2FMedia|criteria for speedy deletion]]. Thank you. This is an automated message from [[User:BJBot|BJBot]] 21:01, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

== Happy B-Day!!! ==

{{Gravity/HBD}}

Start partying!!!--[[User:GravityFong|Gravity]][[User Talk:GravityFong|Talk]] 11:43, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-02-12/Features and admins]] ==

Miscalculation, thanks. It's 10 FPs this week. [[User:Ral315|Ral315]] ([[User talk:Ral315|talk]]) 07:15, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

== I am so joyeous for your help ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
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|style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | thank you very much for helping me in the excel question. now i can finish my assignment due tommorow. I am so joyeous for your quick reply. [[User:Parker007|Parker007]] 10:46, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
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==Sydney Terminal==
Is still in use on working timetables and in station announcements... but let's be consistent. [[User:JROBBO|JROBBO]] 12:56, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

== AWB Bug: Replacement of templates with section headers - Fixed ==

Your Bug [[Wikipedia_talk:AutoWikiBrowser/Bugs/Archive#Replacement_of_templates_with_section_headers]] has been fixed on
[http://autowikibrowser.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/autowikibrowser?view=rev&revision=598 SVN Rev 598] by Mets501

[[User:Reedy Boy|Reedy Boy]] 17:00, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

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Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk pages]] and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your posts]] by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button [[Image:Wikisigbutton.png]] located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! [[User:HagermanBot|HagermanBot]] 09:23, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

==Thanks==

Thanks for helping out on the [[Ernest Emerson]] and [[Aikido]] articles! I appreciate it!
[[User:Mike Searson|Mike Searson]] 02:56, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
:It was nothing. It's really good to know that my contributions are making a difference, no matter how small. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 02:59, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

==Wesley Clark==
Done! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 15:47, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
*Oh, and of course your vote would be appreciated! Especially a support if you feel the article is up to snuff as there are a couple of random opposes people have tossed on and are now not responding to my questions. Don't want the FAC to get bogged down by unresponsive opposers. Thanks! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 21:09, 26 February 2007 (UTC)
:* <nowiki>:(</nowiki> Sooo, any chance of you putting in a vote on the FAC? I ask only as there are some holdout opposers who aren't really presenting actionable objections, so the more support the better. Thanks! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 18:05, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
*Thank you a thousand times over. LMK if you ever need help on anything. [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 03:32, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

== Windows Vista reversion ==

Thanks for catching that other revert to the Windows Vista article; I thought I undid both of the changes, but apparently WP did a single-paragraph reversion, which must be a new feature. --[[User:Scott McNay|Scott McNay]] 06:47, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

== BEST PAGE EVAR! ==

Ummm, yeah. Woot! for you! —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/76.198.182.212|76.198.182.212]] ([[User talk:76.198.182.212|talk]]) 04:04, 28 February 2007 (UTC).

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==Thanks!==
*I just wanted to say thanks for participating in [[Wesley Clark]]'s FAC, the article was just promoted! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 14:05, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

== Your RfA ==

I am pleased to let you know that, consensus reached, you are now an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrator]]. You should find the following forums useful:
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' reading list|Administrators' reading list]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' how-to guide|Administrators' how-to guide]]
* [[WP:AN|Administrators' Noticeboard]]
:* [[WP:ANI|Administrators' Noticeboard for Incidents]]
:* [[WP:AN3RR|Administrators' Noticeboard for Three-revert rule violations]]
Congratulations on your promotion and the best of luck with your new charge! [[User:Redux|Redux]] 03:21, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Congratulations! I missed out on taking part in your RFA, but it's nice to see another Aussie admin :) – [[User:riana_dzasta|riana]]_[[User talk:riana_dzasta|'''dzasta''']] 07:54, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for your note about my RfA and wishing you the very best of luck yourself! Blimey, all these extra buttons... :) [[User:Bubba hotep|Bubba]] [[User talk:Bubba hotep|hotep]] 09:01, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

== Hi ==

Hi! Thanks for the edit on my user page. Did the article get you interested in the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and its activities since 1890? Cheers. -- [[User:Davo88|Davo88]] 15:23, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

== Unintended mistake at Template:Promotional ==

Hey, thank you for doing the edits. One thing: the ''md:Template:Promosi'' request didn't work correctly. You can see the results at [[Template:Promotional]]. I think what the user meant to add was [[:ms:Templat:Promosi]] (without the 'e' at the end of "template"). --[[User:Iamunknown|Iamunknown]] 22:33, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
:You're right. Thanks for picking that up. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:15, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== thank you ==

Thank you for reverting what the user did to my user page. You wouldn't happen to know if there is any vandalism tag specifically about user page would you? [[User:Angelofdeath275|"THROUGH FIRE, JUSTICE IS SERVED!"]] 01:06, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
:There is. On the [[Wikipedia:Template messages/User talk namespace]] page, if you look under ''Complete list of warnings'' you will see the templates for ''User page vandalism''. Glad to be of service. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:13, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== Reverted edit ==

Hey... What did my edit mess up? [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Segoe_UI&diff=113257855&oldid=113256747] — [[User:Akhristov|Alex]] ([[User_talk:Akhristov|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Akhristov|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Akhristov|E]]) 06:39, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

:Unfortunately your edit got in the way of me reverting [[Special:Contributions/221.155.127.188|221.155.127.188's]] vandalism. I've run AWB over it again. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 06:44, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

:: I cleaned up the remaining vandalism. Didn't realize it was there. :-) — [[User:Akhristov|Alex]] ([[User_talk:Akhristov|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Akhristov|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Akhristov|E]]) 06:48, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== Could you look at... ==

[[Template:Windows Vista]] and [[List of Windows Vista topics]]? I figured it was time to create an article series template for all these articles we've got now. They're really just starting points that we can evolve into something better, but I'd really like to hear some other people's opinions on it. Thanks. :-) [[User talk:Warrens|-/-]] [[User:Warrens|Warren]] 08:56, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

== Your cleanup of [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ==

Hi Harry, thanks for fixing up the wikilinks and tidying up the above article in general. Appreciate the help cuz I've been working on this article all alone and it's tough (especially since its an FAC and I have to deal with all the comments myself). Cheers mate, [[User:AppleJuggler|AppleJuggler]] 14:10, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
:Glad to have helped out. Good luck with your FAC. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 14:16, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

== AWB ==

If you can't pay attention to what you're doing, then stop using AWB. You changed the capitalization on the name attribute of a ref tag in [[Backgammon]]. This does not help anyone, and it has only the potential to break further ref tags that use the same name. —[[User:Ptkfgs|ptk]]✰[[User_talk:Ptkfgs|fgs]] 23:36, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
:It doesn't hurt anyone either. If AWB changes one ref tag, it will change all ref tags using that name. I don't see what's the big deal about simple capitalization. I've redone the edit, this time without changing the capitalization. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 00:07, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

==Editing in [[Technopark, Kerala]]==

Thanks for working on the article. I read up on [[AWB]] and am quite impressed by its capabilities. Please suggest any modifications which the article needs for FA status. Looking forward to you support. Take care. Cheers! --[[User:Ajaypp|Ajaypp]] [[User_talk:Ajaypp|(I am here..)]] 10:58, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

== Ads ==

Hi, I notice you're using the ads I've made. It might be better if you transclude <tt><nowiki>{{User:Qxz/ad.css}}</nowiki></tt> directly, rather than copying it into a separate page. The reason for this is that I'm adding (and possibly removing) ads all the time, and so while my copy is updated, yours will get out-of-date. As it's a <tt>.css</tt> page, nobody can edit it except me (and administrators), so you don't have to worry about it being vandalised. Thanks – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 17:53, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

:Is it possible to have just the ad without the links down the bottom. I wanted to customise it so that's why I did what I did. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 01:31, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

:: OK, if you use <tt><nowiki>{{User:Qxz/ad.css|nolinks=yes}}</nowiki></tt>, it will hide the links. I'd appreciate it if you could credit me and AzaToth and provide a link to [[User:Qxz/Ads]], but other than that it's up to you what you put there. Thanks – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 10:36, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

:: I've edited [[User:Harryboyles/Ads]] accordingly. Thanks again for your interest – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 10:43, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

== Welcome ==

Greetings harryboyles, and welcome to wikipedia! I am sorry to have made what you consider a 'personal attack', however i feel it wasn't so. At any rate, i'll call it even after your recent personal attacks against me at school. To those reading this comment whom don't have the appropriate context, i'll just say a strong conflict on interest exists between myself and <strike>wayne</strike> Harryboyles and i am basically challenging the validity of his right to give me an 'only warning' for nothing; and also to disturb my user talk page by adding the following template within another comment:

{{{icon|[[Image:Stop hand.svg|25px|left]] }}}This is your '''only warning'''. The next time you make a personal attack{{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{1|}}}| as you did at [[:{{{1}}}]]}}, you '''will''' be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] for disruption. Comment on content, not on other contributors or people. {{{2|}}} - '''''[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]]'''''

I was actually offended to see this reaction from a friendly comment that i left on this page which he reverted at once. Harryboyles can consider that his only warning before i seek neutral concilliation.

Please do not take as any kind of attack or complex insult, Harryboyles! This is merely a statement of the facts from my point of view. If this page is reverted i will be reporting it to another administrator at once though, as this kind of 'bad comment removal' could be considered cheating using your administrive privilidges for personal gain.

Sorry to take up so much space, at any rate. Cheers to all.

[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 12:01, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

==Nostradamus: 'exemple'==

Hi Harryboyles

For the umpteenth time, the French word ''exemple'' is spelt ''exemple'', not ''example''!! --[[User:PL|PL]] 16:52, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Hi there - I'd recommend considerable caution editing phrases in French if you don't speak the language (you don't list it on your user page I see). Additional to the above, the change from "habitent" to "habitant" in [[Race]] was also duff. All the best. -- [[User:Mutt Lunker|Mutt Lunker]] 10:41, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

== Re: [[User:Salix alba/Cycle studies]] ==

Hi there. I'm curious about your removal of {{tl|db-repost}} from [[User:Salix alba/Cycle studies]]. I don't think your comment that AfD doesn't apply there is correct. That page was a copy of an article that was deleted in AfD to "save" it. The decision of the AfD was to delete the article, not to [[Wikipedia:Userification|userify]] it. I could see your point if it were a page originally created in userspace, but it is not. I'll bring it up at [[Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion]] if you don't agree with me, but I'm hoping you will just delete the page as I asked. [[User talk:Mike Dillon|Mike Dillon]] 17:12, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

:I brought this up at [[Wikipedia talk:Criteria for speedy deletion#Question about G4]]. [[User talk:Mike Dillon|Mike Dillon]] 17:19, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== Disambiguation error ==

Hi there, I noticed that in using AWB [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AusLink&diff=116198531&oldid=116197890 you changed two links] to [[Pacific Highway]] in [[AusLink]] - however, you changed them to different articles (one the Australian highway, and one the US highway). Not sure if you use a bot or something to automatically select the best target, but I thought I would let you know. -- [[User:Chuq|Chuq]] 07:49, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

==Reza Shah Page ==

Hi there, I would appreciate if you would kindly replace the third paragraph of the introduction (before the 'Name' section) which reads:
* ''Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances. [1] Reza Shah's ambitious campaigns for modernizing Iran's educational, industrial and transportation infrastructure are attributed for the emergence of social, political and economic reform in Iran after a long period of decline during the final years of the Qajar dynasty. However his attempts at modernisation reforms have been crticised by some for being "too fast". [5]''
with the following, suggested in the Reza Shah talk page:
* Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances. [1] However, his attempts of modernisation reforms have been crticised by some for being "too fast". [2] and "superficial" [3].Under Reza Shah, the social structure continued essentially to be one where a small minority lived off the labors of the rest [4]
References are cited in the talk page.
Thank you very much. [[User:Faranbazu|Faranbazu]] 23:44, 19 March 2007 (UTC)+

== Thank You Very Much==

Dear Harry Would it be possible to have a look at the discussion page of [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] which is also locked. The problem is that the current version of the lead is totally uniformative and biased with afiltering of his titles. It says:
* Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (Persian: محمدرضا پهلوی‎ Moḥammad Rez̤ā Pahlavī) (October 26, 1919, Tehran – July 27, 1980, Cairo), styled His Imperial Majesty, and holding the imperial titles of Shāhanshāh (King of Kings), and Aryamehr (Light of the Aryans), was the monarchial ruler of Iran from September 16, 1941 until the Iranian Revolution on February 11, 1979. He was the second monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty and the last Shah of the Iranian monarchy.

Can it be replaced with this:

* '''Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, [[List of kings of Persia|Shah of Iran]]''' ({{lang-fa|محمدرضا پهلوی}} ''Moḥammad Rez̤ā Pahlavī'') ([[October 26]], [[1919]], [[Tehran]] – [[July 27]], [[1980]], [[Cairo]]), He was the first son of Reza Shah, who ruled Iran between 1941 to 1979. According to the American Ambassador to Iran Prime Minister [[Shapour Bakhtiar]] demanded that the Shah should leave Iran in response to the popular uprising against the Pahlavi regime <ref>William H Sullivan, Mission to Iran, W.W. Norton & Company, 1981, ISBN o-393-01316-5, page 216 </ref> . After the American hostage crisis in 1981 the Shah became a ''persona non grata'' as no country was granting him an entery visa due to what was alleged to be his Human-Right's records. Finally, President Sadat of Egypt allowed him to enter Egypt, where he died of cancer. He was the last Shah of the [[Iranian monarchy]]. He gave himself the title '''Khodayegan Alahazrat Homayooni Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Aryamehr Shahanshah-e Iran'''<ref>Richard W. Cottam, Nationalsm in Iran, University of Pittsburgh Press, ISBN o-8229-3396-7 pp. 328-329</ref> (Godlike, Supreme-Presence, Homa(Mytical-Bird)-selected, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Light-of-Aryans, King-of-Kings of Iran).

Thank you again. [[User:Faranbazu|Faranbazu]] 04:35, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

==I would like to know why my page was deleted.==
Hi I noticed on my deletion log that the page I had created, Bunn High, had been deleted by you. I realize it had little information, but like I said on its talk page, I was in the process of adding more, when I was interrupted. Also, I can't comprehend why it was considered "spam" as there are many articles about schools on Wikipedia. Furthermore, there had not been an article about it prior, so I don't see the problem in creating one, regardless of how informative it may have been. Anyway, a reply would be greatly appreciated, as I am still puzzled over this unfair situation. [[User:Saywhaaa|Saywhaaa]] 20:44, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
:I'm not sure if you got a chance to read the reply I left on the talk page before it was deleted a few hours later. Wikipedia has many [[WP:POLICY|policies]] and [[WP:GUIDELINE|guidelines]] that govern what content is suitable for Wikipedia, and how that content should be presented. One of the well defined and followed guidelines is the [[Wikipedia:Notability]] guideline, which generally states the threshold for inclusion. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, [[WP:SPAM|not an advertising service]]. From what I could see, your article contained clear evidence that it was an advertisement. Your response on the talk page, also indicated that you wanted to use this for promotional purposes. While the above mentioned are guidelines, and thus generally open to dispute depending on the situation, one of the ''key policies'', [[Wikipedia:Attribution]], requires that material provided is supported by independent, reliable and attributable sources. You have provided no independent sources, and unless you do so in the future, any attempts to create an article about any subject will be scrutinized. If you have any more questions, please answer on my talk page, under your initial request. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 01:39, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Wikipedia:Template messages/Project namespace ==

Please see my note on the talk page about {{tl|adminbacklog}} as it adds the page to [[CAT:AB]] and is very troublesome.[[User:Betacommand|Betacommand]] ([[User talk:Betacommand|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Betacommand|contribs]] • [[User:BetacommandBot|Bot]]) 06:15, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

==Deletion review==
An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time}}}|deletion review]] of [[:TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. It is my opinion the article was speedy deleted prematurely before sufficient discussion or consensus had been reached. [[User:23skidoo|23skidoo]] 14:49, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[Reza Shah]] ==

Hi there, I am not sure why you added the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reza_Shah&diff=116456983&oldid=115691046 edit] which was not agreed up on in the article's talk page. Also, the user who posted for you to add it has been accused of being a sock puppet. --[[User:Rayis|Rayis]] 20:13, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== alpamysh ==

An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|Alpamysh}}}|deletion review]] of [[:Alpamysh]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. [[User:Wisconsin96|Wisconsin96]] 21:28, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

==Luis Leloir==
Hi, I noticed you recently did some editing on the wikipedia entry for Luis Federico Leloir. I am really trying to improve the page to possibly make it a featured article, and I'd like to get some pointers from you for what areas I can improve the article in. I've asked for a review on the community portal but haven't really gotten many responses. Thanks a lot for your help.
[[User:Ychennay|Ychennay]] 04:54, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== Protected pages ==

Keep an eye out for them when editing with AWB [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_warming&diff=118213917&oldid=117881802] [[User:Guettarda|Guettarda]] 12:30, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== Recess episode ==

Would you mind reverting the speedy deletion of the Recess episode? With so many being nominated, I think it's inappropriate to take action at this time. Please let the discussion continue, it would be much better to let people have a chance to speak out. Though given the poor way it was done, that may not happen anyway. [[User:Mister.Manticore|Mister.Manticore]] 19:58, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== Enjoy! ==

<div style="float:center;border-style:solid;border-color:blue;background-color:AliceBlue;border-width:1px;text-align:left;padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[Image:Csmile alt.svg|left|62px]]

{{{1|[[User:Trampton|Trampton]]}}} has smiled at you! Smiles promote [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! {{{2|}}} Smile at others by adding {{tls|Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message.
</div>[[User:Trampton|Trampton]] 02:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).[[User:Trampton|Trampton]] 02:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).

== The Minor Barnstar ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar-minor.png|50px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Minor Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | The Minor Barnstar is awarded to Harryboyles for making minor edits of the utmost quality. [[User:Mr. Barnstar|Mr. Barnstar]] 07:45, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
|}

==Thx==
Appreciate the spate of editprotected fulfillments. :-) — [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] [[[User_talk:SMcCandlish|talk]]] [[[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|cont]]] ‹(-¿-)› 09:58, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
:However (and this is meant only in the most constructive way construable) if you aren't intimately familiar with the effects of nitpicky template futzing, you might want to refain from fulilling editprotected's relating to them. Another admin undid the resulting mayhem already). PS: Been there myself; I remember editing some template to "fix a typo" and causing something like 3000 articles to go wonky. "Haaar! Thar be monsters!" BIG fun, lemme tell ya. — [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] [[[User_talk:SMcCandlish|talk]]] [[[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|cont]]] ‹(-¿-)› 17:04, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

==Speedy==
It was Denny who asked for the speedy. My request that the page was badly named does not invalidate his request for a speedy, which I fully suppot. I have restored the speedy on both pages, please dont remove it without giving a solid reason to the person who placed it, and its in his user space so its not a controversial speedy. Thanks, [[User:SqueakBox|SqueakBox]] 21:01, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

==Thank you==
Thank you for helping with editing the [[Tamil language]] page which is in FARC now.--[[User:Aadal|Aadal]] 01:43, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

== Three recent Speedy tags removed. ==

Hi Harry, yesterday I added three speedy deletion tags to articles [[Inheritance semantics]], [[Implementation inheritance]] and [[Functional normalization]]. On the talk pages for each of these articles, the original author [[User:Shawn_wiki]] requested that these pages be deleted. I was under the impression from [[WP:CSD#General_criteria]] that the request for deletion was enough, not that the author needed to specify ''speedy'' deletion. Am I missing something? --[[User:Michaelblackney|Michaelblackney]] 03:11, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
:Generally when I go through the [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion by user]], I look at the history of the page to confirm whether the author nominated it, or blanked the page. If not, I remove the tag and move on. If the nominating user has a similar username to the author, I might investigate to see whether it is a sockpuppet or a bot account. I don't usually check the talk page because I don't expect anything to be there. Because you didn't use an edit summary to indicate otherwise, I assumed it was a malplaced tag and removed it. If you had used an edit summary such as ''Nominate for speedy deletion: author requested deletion on talk page'', I would have been alerted to this fact. I'll delete them now that I know more details, but for all your edits, use edit summaries so that other users can more easily assess the edit and/or get more information that would not be there otherwise. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:25, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
::Thanks for the clarification - you're a canny fellow :) That's completely clear, now. I'll use summaries more effectively in the future. -- [[User_talk:Michaelblackney|Mike]] [[Special:Contributions/Michaelblackney|Blackney]] 05:32, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

== Best response ==

Thanks for the help on [[Best response]], Cheers, [[User:Pete.Hurd|Pete.Hurd]] 15:19, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Dear Harryboyles I would like to ask that you revert the page Vinyette Teague Deleted April 14/07 back to its original state. The page was described as not notable- but in fact has many secondary sources. The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day. She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago. Law Enforcement is still trying to solve this case.In addition to the relevance of Vinyette Teague as a missing person, she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on.She is also relevant in the fact that this is still an unsolved crime. Sunnyskys[[User:Sunnyskys|Sunnyskys]] 02:10, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

== Some Guidance please ==

Being as 'ow you removed the Star Trek: Eras logo from the Talk page where I am re-habilitating the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Kirok/Pendant_Productions Trek Audio dramas article] perhaps you can tell us what needs to be done to make sure that images put on Wikipedia stay there. The image in question was placed on there by Continuity Cop - the executive producer of "Star Trek: Eras", el Jefe Del Mondo of things to do with that production ... including of course his Logo. Does he need to lodge a "permission to use image form" in triplicate somewhere? LOL Your guidance on this matter would be greately apreciated since we will be doing the same thing for all the groups. Cheers --[[User:Kirok|Kirok of L'Stok]] 12:19, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
:The image in question was marked as being licensed for non-commercial or educational use only. For a few years, non-commercial images have been prohibited from being used on Wikipedia ([http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-May/023760.html][http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/foundation-l/2007-February/027547.html]). It was brought up [[Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images#April 19|here]] that the assertion that was made later was invalid because it was derivative of works copyrighted by Paramount Pictures. Any images you or anyone else upload need to be free of any material that is copyrighted (no screenshots of films etc) unless you can provide a suitable [[WP:FUR|fair use '''rationale''']] (and then only in limited cases is this allowed). Fair use images are '''only''' allowed in the article namespace. I also hope that you do take advice from the Articles for Deletion nomination for Pendant_Productions and that you provide [[WP:RS|reliable third-party sources]]. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 14:45, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

== Image deletions ==

Hey, I wrote a custom application in [[C Sharp|C#]] that displays the images side by side and summarises the details about the images - saves time clicking around tabs in my browser. I blogged about it [http://www.nointrigue.com/blog/2007/04/09/weekend-hacking-and-i-finally-triangulate/ here] but as there are quite a few annoying bugs left, I'm a little reluctant to release it just yet, but I'll try and distribute it asap, because there is quite an annoying backlog. I'll let you know when it's ready :) [[User:Enochlau|enochlau]] ([[User talk:Enochlau|talk]]) 04:06, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

== Vinyette Teague ==

Dear Harryboyles I would like to ask that you revert the page Vinyette Teague Deleted April 14/07 back to its original state. The page was described as not notable- but in fact has many secondary sources. The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day. She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago. Law Enforcement is still trying to solve this case.In addition to the relevance of Vinyette Teague as a missing person, she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on.She is also relevant in the fact that this is still an unsolved crime. SunnyskysSunnyskys 02:10, 18 April 2007 (UTC)--Sorry I not sure if I did this properly.This seems like where I would ask. Could you let me know if I'm wrong.
:First, thank you for putting a header on your comment on my talk page. Without the header, comments tend to slip by without being noticed. After rereading the article, I'm still siding towards enforcing the deletion. Your statement that it "in fact has many secondary sources" - is one I'd disagree with. In the last revision before it's deletion, there were three links. Links one and two were links to the home pages of the respective organisations. External links, but not references or sources. The third link does contain information, however is ridden with popups and security risks and one I would not include. The subject's [[WP:BIO|notability]], which was the presented reason for deletion, is where I fail to see any reason for inclusion. Working through your reasoning for inclusion on my talk page:
#''"The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day."'' Many people go missing every day and we don't have articles on them. We don't generally define someone as notable just because they are missing.
#''"She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States"'' - doesn't make someone notable.
#''"and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago."'' While being featured in the newspaper helps, one newspaper does not cut it. I can't tell how notable he or she is from outside the US unless I can see here sources that show so.
#''"she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on"'' - what makes the project special enough to warrant an article on a child from the place they came from. Notability generally doesn't pass on from place to person.
:The main problem is that you haven't provided enough ''"secondary sources that are reliable, intellectually independent,6 and independent of the subject."'' For more information, see [[Wikipedia:Notability (people)]], [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]] and [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources]]. This is vitally important because Wikipedia is based on ''verifiability, not truth''. I and anyone else should be able to see for themselves using the provided sources whether they are not reliable and make up their own minds, not rely on someone else who ''may'' be related or may be emotionally involved or attatched. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 12:45, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

== Wdefcon ==

Ok, it's been reinstated from deletion. Weird though! See [[Template_talk:Wdefcon#DELETED]]. -- [[User:Casmith_789|Casmith_789]] ([[User talk:Casmith_789|talk]]) 10:22, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

== To make your day ==

<div style="float:center; border-style:solid; border-color:blue; background-color:AliceBlue; border-width:1px; text-align:left; padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[Image:Smiley.svg|left|62px]]

{{{1|[[User:Jupiter12|Jupiter12]]}}} has smiled at you! Smiles promote [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! {{{2|}}} Smile at others by adding {{tls|Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message.
</div>[[User:Jupiter12|Jupiter12]] 02:53, 27 April 2007 (UTC).

== Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Time ==

Would you be able to tell me how I could customise the look of the time once this script is in place. I'm redesigning my CSS and the dark text is hard to read against my dark blue background. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 13:46, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

:In your monobook.css file, try something like:
<pre>
#p-personal li {
color:white;
}
</pre>
:Substitute whatever other color you want. You can get more complex than that, though. See the very bottom of my monobook.css file for an example. Hope this works! --[[User:Mathwiz2020|M]][[Special:Emailuser/Mathwiz2020|@]][[User talk:Mathwiz2020|th]][[User:Mathwiz2020|wiz]][[Special:Contributions/Mathwiz2020|20]][[Wikipedia:Esperanza|20]] 19:04, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

== Thanks for the help on [[Plymouth Colony]], additional help needed. ==

Hey, I want to thank you for the copyedit you gave to the article [[Plymouth Colony]] a few weeks ago. I have made some more extensive revisions and additions to the article, and I was wondering if you would be so kind as to look over the article again and give it some work? I have added sections on prior settlements, Social history, and economy and expanded the government section some. Your work has been very beneficial to the article, and I plan to take this to peer review soon, and would like to have your help in prepping it for that, and possibly reaching Featured status sometime down the road. Thanks again for your prior work, and thanks in advance for any help you can give in the near future! --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]]|[[User talk:Jayron32|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|contribs]] 05:59, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

== Thank you so much for the help on 411 ==

I'm so relieved it has been fixed. I tried to move it back from '''411 (year)''' but obviously, I didn't quite know how (since I had to move the discussion manually and I couldn't get the history moved too). I would just like to clarify, that it wasn't me who moved it in the first place, but I tried to rectify it.

Speaking of moving: Is it only admins who can move a page back in the correct manner or can anyone do this?

Once again: Thank you for fixing 411. I was quite worried for a while. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 09:01, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

:That's OK. The page history says it all, so I know you're not the guilty one, and it worked out all fine in the end. As to your query, only administrators can move a page over an existing one, except where the sole edit has been to redirect to the original page, as stated [[Help:Moving_pages#Moving_over_an_existing_page|here]]. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 09:14, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Iridion 3D|Iridion 3D]] FAC ==

Concerns have been addressed. Could you please take another look? [[User:David Fuchs|David Fuchs]]<nowiki>(</nowiki>[[User talk:David Fuchs|talk]] / [[Special:Contributions/David Fuchs|frog blast the vent core!]]<nowiki>)</nowiki> 22:33, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

== Articles needing expert attention categories ==
{{resolved|dealt with at the template which is used in these categories. [[User:Od Mishehu|Od]] [[User talk:Od Mishehu|Mishehu]] 04:16, 20 May 2007 (UTC) }}
Please categorize the categories you've created. You've caused a big rise in the number of uncategorized categories. Each such category should probably be categorized both in a subject-related category and in {{cl|Articles needing expert attention}} or a category with a similar name. [[User:Od Mishehu|Od]] [[User talk:Od Mishehu|Mishehu]] 17:29, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

== Could you help again? ==

Hello again!

A few weeks ago, you helped fix the problem when somebody hade moved '''411''' to '''411 (year)''' (after my failed attempt at fixing it). I have now noticed that somebody has moved '''985''' to '''985 (year in medieval history)'''. Could you help move it back, please, or direct me to somebody who can. Thanks in advance. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 20:46, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

:PS. I alos noticed, that the same user has moved '''970s''' to '''970s (Decad)''', so this alos needs fixing. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 20:49, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

==Deletion of [[Konstantin von Höfler]]==

This was erroneously speedily deleted by you as copyvio, when the template at the bottom clearly states that it is in the public domain. It is bad enough to have these clueless nominations, but an admin needs to scroll. This was an irresponsible act. [[User:Charles Matthews|Charles Matthews]] 19:04, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

== {{vandal|Loureid}} ==

Time for a block methinks. Cheers. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:42, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
:Hmm, well ahead of me. :) – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:43, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
::Per [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Loureid&curid=11625692&diff=137029789&oldid=137029057 this] I would suggest you extend the block to indefinite and bring it up at [[WP:ANI]]. I think it's fair to say that he'll resume vandalising when the block expires. I've reverted that ridiculous unblock request. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:50, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

He wont resume vandalism. Myself and Loureid know h"harryboyles" or wayne in person. Louis was probably just playing a practical joke >:3 [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 12:54, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

== You are very unfair ==

"This page is either protected or semi-protected."

Wayne, if you can have a protected usserpage I can too. Protect my page at once and allow me access, or face consequences.

User talk:Harryboyles

2007-06-09T12:53:16Z

Lord fabs: You are very unfair

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==First anniversary of First Edit Day==
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Glad to see a fellow Aussie! [[User:Mrmoocow|Mrmoocow]] 08:46, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

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I'm glad to see another Aussie too! [[User talk:Sp3000|Cheers to]] [[2007|2007]]! [[User:Sp3000|Us]][[User:Sp3000/Esperanza|e]][[User:Sp3000|r:Sp3000]] 22:20, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Lord Fabs is also glad to see a fellow aussie. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 14:20, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

==[[Uranquinty, New South Wales|Uranquinty]] help please?==
Howdy can you please help fix the Uranquinty page. I added a link from Wagga Wagga to The Rock (as the train does stop at the Uranquinty station) but it has st*ffed up the font on the page. [[ Wikipedia:Articles for deletion |V]][[User:VirtualSteve/Images|i]][[Special:Random|r]][[User talk:VirtualSteve|tual]][[User:VirtualSteve|Steve]] 09:18, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

* Well there you go. It has fixed itself it seems - must have been a comp. glitch. Thanks anyway. [[ Wikipedia:Articles for deletion |V]][[User:VirtualSteve/Images|i]][[Special:Random|r]][[User talk:VirtualSteve|tual]][[User:VirtualSteve|Steve]] 09:21, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

== FAC for NSW Rail Line ==

Hi Harryboyles, I was wondering if you could make any comments or suggestions on the article I have up for FAC, on the Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Railway line in Sydney ([[Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates/Eastern_Suburbs_%26_Illawarra_railway_line%2C_Sydney|see here]]); one editor in particular on the FAC has just been downright rude (I've been threatened and even accused of vandalism!), so I'd prefer some constructive comments from editors whose judgement I trust. Thanks for any help you can give. [[User:JROBBO|JROBBO]] 11:46, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

== Double up==
Just thought you might like to know that you have a double up on [[User talk:Harryboyles/Archive 1 (Mistakes)]] at '''CityRail line order'''. --[[User:VirtualSteve|VS]] [[User_talk:VirtualSteve|talk]]...[[User:VirtualSteve/Images|images]] 04:04, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
:Thanks for that. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 04:29, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Be careful [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&diff=104092202&oldid=104090753]. Thanks, [[User:Googl|googl]] [[User talk:Googl|t]] 15:15, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

==Orphaned fair use image (Image:Windows Media Player 11 Library View.png)==
Thanks for uploading '''[[:Image:Windows Media Player 11 Library View.png]]'''. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a [[WP:FU|claim of fair use]]. However, the image is currently [[WP:O|orphaned]], meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. [[WP:BOLD|You may add it back]] if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see [[Wikipedia:Fair use#Policy|our fair use policy]]).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "[[Special:Contributions/{{PAGENAME}}|my contributions]]" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any '''articles''' will be deleted after seven days, as described on [[wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Images.2FMedia|criteria for speedy deletion]]. Thank you. This is an automated message from [[User:BJBot|BJBot]] 21:01, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

== Happy B-Day!!! ==

{{Gravity/HBD}}

Start partying!!!--[[User:GravityFong|Gravity]][[User Talk:GravityFong|Talk]] 11:43, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-02-12/Features and admins]] ==

Miscalculation, thanks. It's 10 FPs this week. [[User:Ral315|Ral315]] ([[User talk:Ral315|talk]]) 07:15, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

== I am so joyeous for your help ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
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|style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | thank you very much for helping me in the excel question. now i can finish my assignment due tommorow. I am so joyeous for your quick reply. [[User:Parker007|Parker007]] 10:46, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
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==Sydney Terminal==
Is still in use on working timetables and in station announcements... but let's be consistent. [[User:JROBBO|JROBBO]] 12:56, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

== AWB Bug: Replacement of templates with section headers - Fixed ==

Your Bug [[Wikipedia_talk:AutoWikiBrowser/Bugs/Archive#Replacement_of_templates_with_section_headers]] has been fixed on
[http://autowikibrowser.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/autowikibrowser?view=rev&revision=598 SVN Rev 598] by Mets501

[[User:Reedy Boy|Reedy Boy]] 17:00, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

==An Automated Message from [[User:HagermanBot|HagermanBot]]==

Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk pages]] and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your posts]] by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button [[Image:Wikisigbutton.png]] located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! [[User:HagermanBot|HagermanBot]] 09:23, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

==Thanks==

Thanks for helping out on the [[Ernest Emerson]] and [[Aikido]] articles! I appreciate it!
[[User:Mike Searson|Mike Searson]] 02:56, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
:It was nothing. It's really good to know that my contributions are making a difference, no matter how small. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 02:59, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

==Wesley Clark==
Done! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 15:47, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
*Oh, and of course your vote would be appreciated! Especially a support if you feel the article is up to snuff as there are a couple of random opposes people have tossed on and are now not responding to my questions. Don't want the FAC to get bogged down by unresponsive opposers. Thanks! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 21:09, 26 February 2007 (UTC)
:* <nowiki>:(</nowiki> Sooo, any chance of you putting in a vote on the FAC? I ask only as there are some holdout opposers who aren't really presenting actionable objections, so the more support the better. Thanks! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 18:05, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
*Thank you a thousand times over. LMK if you ever need help on anything. [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 03:32, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

== Windows Vista reversion ==

Thanks for catching that other revert to the Windows Vista article; I thought I undid both of the changes, but apparently WP did a single-paragraph reversion, which must be a new feature. --[[User:Scott McNay|Scott McNay]] 06:47, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

== BEST PAGE EVAR! ==

Ummm, yeah. Woot! for you! —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/76.198.182.212|76.198.182.212]] ([[User talk:76.198.182.212|talk]]) 04:04, 28 February 2007 (UTC).

==The Apprentice UK==
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==Thanks!==
*I just wanted to say thanks for participating in [[Wesley Clark]]'s FAC, the article was just promoted! [[User:Staxringold|Staxringold]] [[User talk:Staxringold|talk]][[Special:Contributions/Staxringold|contribs]] 14:05, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

== Your RfA ==

I am pleased to let you know that, consensus reached, you are now an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrator]]. You should find the following forums useful:
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' reading list|Administrators' reading list]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' how-to guide|Administrators' how-to guide]]
* [[WP:AN|Administrators' Noticeboard]]
:* [[WP:ANI|Administrators' Noticeboard for Incidents]]
:* [[WP:AN3RR|Administrators' Noticeboard for Three-revert rule violations]]
Congratulations on your promotion and the best of luck with your new charge! [[User:Redux|Redux]] 03:21, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Congratulations! I missed out on taking part in your RFA, but it's nice to see another Aussie admin :) – [[User:riana_dzasta|riana]]_[[User talk:riana_dzasta|'''dzasta''']] 07:54, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for your note about my RfA and wishing you the very best of luck yourself! Blimey, all these extra buttons... :) [[User:Bubba hotep|Bubba]] [[User talk:Bubba hotep|hotep]] 09:01, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

== Hi ==

Hi! Thanks for the edit on my user page. Did the article get you interested in the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and its activities since 1890? Cheers. -- [[User:Davo88|Davo88]] 15:23, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

== Unintended mistake at Template:Promotional ==

Hey, thank you for doing the edits. One thing: the ''md:Template:Promosi'' request didn't work correctly. You can see the results at [[Template:Promotional]]. I think what the user meant to add was [[:ms:Templat:Promosi]] (without the 'e' at the end of "template"). --[[User:Iamunknown|Iamunknown]] 22:33, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
:You're right. Thanks for picking that up. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:15, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== thank you ==

Thank you for reverting what the user did to my user page. You wouldn't happen to know if there is any vandalism tag specifically about user page would you? [[User:Angelofdeath275|"THROUGH FIRE, JUSTICE IS SERVED!"]] 01:06, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
:There is. On the [[Wikipedia:Template messages/User talk namespace]] page, if you look under ''Complete list of warnings'' you will see the templates for ''User page vandalism''. Glad to be of service. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:13, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== Reverted edit ==

Hey... What did my edit mess up? [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Segoe_UI&diff=113257855&oldid=113256747] — [[User:Akhristov|Alex]] ([[User_talk:Akhristov|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Akhristov|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Akhristov|E]]) 06:39, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

:Unfortunately your edit got in the way of me reverting [[Special:Contributions/221.155.127.188|221.155.127.188's]] vandalism. I've run AWB over it again. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 06:44, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

:: I cleaned up the remaining vandalism. Didn't realize it was there. :-) — [[User:Akhristov|Alex]] ([[User_talk:Akhristov|T]]|[[Special:Contributions/Akhristov|C]]|[[Special:Emailuser/Akhristov|E]]) 06:48, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

== Could you look at... ==

[[Template:Windows Vista]] and [[List of Windows Vista topics]]? I figured it was time to create an article series template for all these articles we've got now. They're really just starting points that we can evolve into something better, but I'd really like to hear some other people's opinions on it. Thanks. :-) [[User talk:Warrens|-/-]] [[User:Warrens|Warren]] 08:56, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

== Your cleanup of [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ==

Hi Harry, thanks for fixing up the wikilinks and tidying up the above article in general. Appreciate the help cuz I've been working on this article all alone and it's tough (especially since its an FAC and I have to deal with all the comments myself). Cheers mate, [[User:AppleJuggler|AppleJuggler]] 14:10, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
:Glad to have helped out. Good luck with your FAC. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 14:16, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

== AWB ==

If you can't pay attention to what you're doing, then stop using AWB. You changed the capitalization on the name attribute of a ref tag in [[Backgammon]]. This does not help anyone, and it has only the potential to break further ref tags that use the same name. —[[User:Ptkfgs|ptk]]✰[[User_talk:Ptkfgs|fgs]] 23:36, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
:It doesn't hurt anyone either. If AWB changes one ref tag, it will change all ref tags using that name. I don't see what's the big deal about simple capitalization. I've redone the edit, this time without changing the capitalization. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 00:07, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

==Editing in [[Technopark, Kerala]]==

Thanks for working on the article. I read up on [[AWB]] and am quite impressed by its capabilities. Please suggest any modifications which the article needs for FA status. Looking forward to you support. Take care. Cheers! --[[User:Ajaypp|Ajaypp]] [[User_talk:Ajaypp|(I am here..)]] 10:58, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

== Ads ==

Hi, I notice you're using the ads I've made. It might be better if you transclude <tt><nowiki>{{User:Qxz/ad.css}}</nowiki></tt> directly, rather than copying it into a separate page. The reason for this is that I'm adding (and possibly removing) ads all the time, and so while my copy is updated, yours will get out-of-date. As it's a <tt>.css</tt> page, nobody can edit it except me (and administrators), so you don't have to worry about it being vandalised. Thanks – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 17:53, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

:Is it possible to have just the ad without the links down the bottom. I wanted to customise it so that's why I did what I did. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 01:31, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

:: OK, if you use <tt><nowiki>{{User:Qxz/ad.css|nolinks=yes}}</nowiki></tt>, it will hide the links. I'd appreciate it if you could credit me and AzaToth and provide a link to [[User:Qxz/Ads]], but other than that it's up to you what you put there. Thanks – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 10:36, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

:: I've edited [[User:Harryboyles/Ads]] accordingly. Thanks again for your interest – [[User:Qxz|Qxz]] 10:43, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

== Welcome ==

Greetings harryboyles, and welcome to wikipedia! I am sorry to have made what you consider a 'personal attack', however i feel it wasn't so. At any rate, i'll call it even after your recent personal attacks against me at school. To those reading this comment whom don't have the appropriate context, i'll just say a strong conflict on interest exists between myself and <strike>wayne</strike> Harryboyles and i am basically challenging the validity of his right to give me an 'only warning' for nothing; and also to disturb my user talk page by adding the following template within another comment:

{{{icon|[[Image:Stop hand.svg|25px|left]] }}}This is your '''only warning'''. The next time you make a personal attack{{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{1|}}}| as you did at [[:{{{1}}}]]}}, you '''will''' be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] for disruption. Comment on content, not on other contributors or people. {{{2|}}} - '''''[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]]'''''

I was actually offended to see this reaction from a friendly comment that i left on this page which he reverted at once. Harryboyles can consider that his only warning before i seek neutral concilliation.

Please do not take as any kind of attack or complex insult, Harryboyles! This is merely a statement of the facts from my point of view. If this page is reverted i will be reporting it to another administrator at once though, as this kind of 'bad comment removal' could be considered cheating using your administrive privilidges for personal gain.

Sorry to take up so much space, at any rate. Cheers to all.

[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 12:01, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

==Nostradamus: 'exemple'==

Hi Harryboyles

For the umpteenth time, the French word ''exemple'' is spelt ''exemple'', not ''example''!! --[[User:PL|PL]] 16:52, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Hi there - I'd recommend considerable caution editing phrases in French if you don't speak the language (you don't list it on your user page I see). Additional to the above, the change from "habitent" to "habitant" in [[Race]] was also duff. All the best. -- [[User:Mutt Lunker|Mutt Lunker]] 10:41, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

== Re: [[User:Salix alba/Cycle studies]] ==

Hi there. I'm curious about your removal of {{tl|db-repost}} from [[User:Salix alba/Cycle studies]]. I don't think your comment that AfD doesn't apply there is correct. That page was a copy of an article that was deleted in AfD to "save" it. The decision of the AfD was to delete the article, not to [[Wikipedia:Userification|userify]] it. I could see your point if it were a page originally created in userspace, but it is not. I'll bring it up at [[Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion]] if you don't agree with me, but I'm hoping you will just delete the page as I asked. [[User talk:Mike Dillon|Mike Dillon]] 17:12, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

:I brought this up at [[Wikipedia talk:Criteria for speedy deletion#Question about G4]]. [[User talk:Mike Dillon|Mike Dillon]] 17:19, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== Disambiguation error ==

Hi there, I noticed that in using AWB [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AusLink&diff=116198531&oldid=116197890 you changed two links] to [[Pacific Highway]] in [[AusLink]] - however, you changed them to different articles (one the Australian highway, and one the US highway). Not sure if you use a bot or something to automatically select the best target, but I thought I would let you know. -- [[User:Chuq|Chuq]] 07:49, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

==Reza Shah Page ==

Hi there, I would appreciate if you would kindly replace the third paragraph of the introduction (before the 'Name' section) which reads:
* ''Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances. [1] Reza Shah's ambitious campaigns for modernizing Iran's educational, industrial and transportation infrastructure are attributed for the emergence of social, political and economic reform in Iran after a long period of decline during the final years of the Qajar dynasty. However his attempts at modernisation reforms have been crticised by some for being "too fast". [5]''
with the following, suggested in the Reza Shah talk page:
* Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances. [1] However, his attempts of modernisation reforms have been crticised by some for being "too fast". [2] and "superficial" [3].Under Reza Shah, the social structure continued essentially to be one where a small minority lived off the labors of the rest [4]
References are cited in the talk page.
Thank you very much. [[User:Faranbazu|Faranbazu]] 23:44, 19 March 2007 (UTC)+

== Thank You Very Much==

Dear Harry Would it be possible to have a look at the discussion page of [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] which is also locked. The problem is that the current version of the lead is totally uniformative and biased with afiltering of his titles. It says:
* Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (Persian: محمدرضا پهلوی‎ Moḥammad Rez̤ā Pahlavī) (October 26, 1919, Tehran – July 27, 1980, Cairo), styled His Imperial Majesty, and holding the imperial titles of Shāhanshāh (King of Kings), and Aryamehr (Light of the Aryans), was the monarchial ruler of Iran from September 16, 1941 until the Iranian Revolution on February 11, 1979. He was the second monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty and the last Shah of the Iranian monarchy.

Can it be replaced with this:

* '''Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, [[List of kings of Persia|Shah of Iran]]''' ({{lang-fa|محمدرضا پهلوی}} ''Moḥammad Rez̤ā Pahlavī'') ([[October 26]], [[1919]], [[Tehran]] – [[July 27]], [[1980]], [[Cairo]]), He was the first son of Reza Shah, who ruled Iran between 1941 to 1979. According to the American Ambassador to Iran Prime Minister [[Shapour Bakhtiar]] demanded that the Shah should leave Iran in response to the popular uprising against the Pahlavi regime <ref>William H Sullivan, Mission to Iran, W.W. Norton & Company, 1981, ISBN o-393-01316-5, page 216 </ref> . After the American hostage crisis in 1981 the Shah became a ''persona non grata'' as no country was granting him an entery visa due to what was alleged to be his Human-Right's records. Finally, President Sadat of Egypt allowed him to enter Egypt, where he died of cancer. He was the last Shah of the [[Iranian monarchy]]. He gave himself the title '''Khodayegan Alahazrat Homayooni Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Aryamehr Shahanshah-e Iran'''<ref>Richard W. Cottam, Nationalsm in Iran, University of Pittsburgh Press, ISBN o-8229-3396-7 pp. 328-329</ref> (Godlike, Supreme-Presence, Homa(Mytical-Bird)-selected, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Light-of-Aryans, King-of-Kings of Iran).

Thank you again. [[User:Faranbazu|Faranbazu]] 04:35, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

==I would like to know why my page was deleted.==
Hi I noticed on my deletion log that the page I had created, Bunn High, had been deleted by you. I realize it had little information, but like I said on its talk page, I was in the process of adding more, when I was interrupted. Also, I can't comprehend why it was considered "spam" as there are many articles about schools on Wikipedia. Furthermore, there had not been an article about it prior, so I don't see the problem in creating one, regardless of how informative it may have been. Anyway, a reply would be greatly appreciated, as I am still puzzled over this unfair situation. [[User:Saywhaaa|Saywhaaa]] 20:44, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
:I'm not sure if you got a chance to read the reply I left on the talk page before it was deleted a few hours later. Wikipedia has many [[WP:POLICY|policies]] and [[WP:GUIDELINE|guidelines]] that govern what content is suitable for Wikipedia, and how that content should be presented. One of the well defined and followed guidelines is the [[Wikipedia:Notability]] guideline, which generally states the threshold for inclusion. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, [[WP:SPAM|not an advertising service]]. From what I could see, your article contained clear evidence that it was an advertisement. Your response on the talk page, also indicated that you wanted to use this for promotional purposes. While the above mentioned are guidelines, and thus generally open to dispute depending on the situation, one of the ''key policies'', [[Wikipedia:Attribution]], requires that material provided is supported by independent, reliable and attributable sources. You have provided no independent sources, and unless you do so in the future, any attempts to create an article about any subject will be scrutinized. If you have any more questions, please answer on my talk page, under your initial request. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 01:39, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Wikipedia:Template messages/Project namespace ==

Please see my note on the talk page about {{tl|adminbacklog}} as it adds the page to [[CAT:AB]] and is very troublesome.[[User:Betacommand|Betacommand]] ([[User talk:Betacommand|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Betacommand|contribs]] • [[User:BetacommandBot|Bot]]) 06:15, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

==Deletion review==
An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time}}}|deletion review]] of [[:TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. It is my opinion the article was speedy deleted prematurely before sufficient discussion or consensus had been reached. [[User:23skidoo|23skidoo]] 14:49, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[Reza Shah]] ==

Hi there, I am not sure why you added the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reza_Shah&diff=116456983&oldid=115691046 edit] which was not agreed up on in the article's talk page. Also, the user who posted for you to add it has been accused of being a sock puppet. --[[User:Rayis|Rayis]] 20:13, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== alpamysh ==

An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|Alpamysh}}}|deletion review]] of [[:Alpamysh]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. [[User:Wisconsin96|Wisconsin96]] 21:28, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

==Luis Leloir==
Hi, I noticed you recently did some editing on the wikipedia entry for Luis Federico Leloir. I am really trying to improve the page to possibly make it a featured article, and I'd like to get some pointers from you for what areas I can improve the article in. I've asked for a review on the community portal but haven't really gotten many responses. Thanks a lot for your help.
[[User:Ychennay|Ychennay]] 04:54, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== Protected pages ==

Keep an eye out for them when editing with AWB [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_warming&diff=118213917&oldid=117881802] [[User:Guettarda|Guettarda]] 12:30, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== Recess episode ==

Would you mind reverting the speedy deletion of the Recess episode? With so many being nominated, I think it's inappropriate to take action at this time. Please let the discussion continue, it would be much better to let people have a chance to speak out. Though given the poor way it was done, that may not happen anyway. [[User:Mister.Manticore|Mister.Manticore]] 19:58, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== Enjoy! ==

<div style="float:center;border-style:solid;border-color:blue;background-color:AliceBlue;border-width:1px;text-align:left;padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[Image:Csmile alt.svg|left|62px]]

{{{1|[[User:Trampton|Trampton]]}}} has smiled at you! Smiles promote [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! {{{2|}}} Smile at others by adding {{tls|Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message.
</div>[[User:Trampton|Trampton]] 02:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).[[User:Trampton|Trampton]] 02:52, 3 April 2007 (UTC).

== The Minor Barnstar ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar-minor.png|50px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Minor Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | The Minor Barnstar is awarded to Harryboyles for making minor edits of the utmost quality. [[User:Mr. Barnstar|Mr. Barnstar]] 07:45, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
|}

==Thx==
Appreciate the spate of editprotected fulfillments. :-) — [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] [[[User_talk:SMcCandlish|talk]]] [[[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|cont]]] ‹(-¿-)› 09:58, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
:However (and this is meant only in the most constructive way construable) if you aren't intimately familiar with the effects of nitpicky template futzing, you might want to refain from fulilling editprotected's relating to them. Another admin undid the resulting mayhem already). PS: Been there myself; I remember editing some template to "fix a typo" and causing something like 3000 articles to go wonky. "Haaar! Thar be monsters!" BIG fun, lemme tell ya. — [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] [[[User_talk:SMcCandlish|talk]]] [[[Special:Contributions/SMcCandlish|cont]]] ‹(-¿-)› 17:04, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

==Speedy==
It was Denny who asked for the speedy. My request that the page was badly named does not invalidate his request for a speedy, which I fully suppot. I have restored the speedy on both pages, please dont remove it without giving a solid reason to the person who placed it, and its in his user space so its not a controversial speedy. Thanks, [[User:SqueakBox|SqueakBox]] 21:01, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

==Thank you==
Thank you for helping with editing the [[Tamil language]] page which is in FARC now.--[[User:Aadal|Aadal]] 01:43, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

== Three recent Speedy tags removed. ==

Hi Harry, yesterday I added three speedy deletion tags to articles [[Inheritance semantics]], [[Implementation inheritance]] and [[Functional normalization]]. On the talk pages for each of these articles, the original author [[User:Shawn_wiki]] requested that these pages be deleted. I was under the impression from [[WP:CSD#General_criteria]] that the request for deletion was enough, not that the author needed to specify ''speedy'' deletion. Am I missing something? --[[User:Michaelblackney|Michaelblackney]] 03:11, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
:Generally when I go through the [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion by user]], I look at the history of the page to confirm whether the author nominated it, or blanked the page. If not, I remove the tag and move on. If the nominating user has a similar username to the author, I might investigate to see whether it is a sockpuppet or a bot account. I don't usually check the talk page because I don't expect anything to be there. Because you didn't use an edit summary to indicate otherwise, I assumed it was a malplaced tag and removed it. If you had used an edit summary such as ''Nominate for speedy deletion: author requested deletion on talk page'', I would have been alerted to this fact. I'll delete them now that I know more details, but for all your edits, use edit summaries so that other users can more easily assess the edit and/or get more information that would not be there otherwise. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 05:25, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
::Thanks for the clarification - you're a canny fellow :) That's completely clear, now. I'll use summaries more effectively in the future. -- [[User_talk:Michaelblackney|Mike]] [[Special:Contributions/Michaelblackney|Blackney]] 05:32, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

== Best response ==

Thanks for the help on [[Best response]], Cheers, [[User:Pete.Hurd|Pete.Hurd]] 15:19, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Dear Harryboyles I would like to ask that you revert the page Vinyette Teague Deleted April 14/07 back to its original state. The page was described as not notable- but in fact has many secondary sources. The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day. She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago. Law Enforcement is still trying to solve this case.In addition to the relevance of Vinyette Teague as a missing person, she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on.She is also relevant in the fact that this is still an unsolved crime. Sunnyskys[[User:Sunnyskys|Sunnyskys]] 02:10, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

== Some Guidance please ==

Being as 'ow you removed the Star Trek: Eras logo from the Talk page where I am re-habilitating the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Kirok/Pendant_Productions Trek Audio dramas article] perhaps you can tell us what needs to be done to make sure that images put on Wikipedia stay there. The image in question was placed on there by Continuity Cop - the executive producer of "Star Trek: Eras", el Jefe Del Mondo of things to do with that production ... including of course his Logo. Does he need to lodge a "permission to use image form" in triplicate somewhere? LOL Your guidance on this matter would be greately apreciated since we will be doing the same thing for all the groups. Cheers --[[User:Kirok|Kirok of L'Stok]] 12:19, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
:The image in question was marked as being licensed for non-commercial or educational use only. For a few years, non-commercial images have been prohibited from being used on Wikipedia ([http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-May/023760.html][http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/foundation-l/2007-February/027547.html]). It was brought up [[Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images#April 19|here]] that the assertion that was made later was invalid because it was derivative of works copyrighted by Paramount Pictures. Any images you or anyone else upload need to be free of any material that is copyrighted (no screenshots of films etc) unless you can provide a suitable [[WP:FUR|fair use '''rationale''']] (and then only in limited cases is this allowed). Fair use images are '''only''' allowed in the article namespace. I also hope that you do take advice from the Articles for Deletion nomination for Pendant_Productions and that you provide [[WP:RS|reliable third-party sources]]. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 14:45, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

== Image deletions ==

Hey, I wrote a custom application in [[C Sharp|C#]] that displays the images side by side and summarises the details about the images - saves time clicking around tabs in my browser. I blogged about it [http://www.nointrigue.com/blog/2007/04/09/weekend-hacking-and-i-finally-triangulate/ here] but as there are quite a few annoying bugs left, I'm a little reluctant to release it just yet, but I'll try and distribute it asap, because there is quite an annoying backlog. I'll let you know when it's ready :) [[User:Enochlau|enochlau]] ([[User talk:Enochlau|talk]]) 04:06, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

== Vinyette Teague ==

Dear Harryboyles I would like to ask that you revert the page Vinyette Teague Deleted April 14/07 back to its original state. The page was described as not notable- but in fact has many secondary sources. The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day. She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago. Law Enforcement is still trying to solve this case.In addition to the relevance of Vinyette Teague as a missing person, she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on.She is also relevant in the fact that this is still an unsolved crime. SunnyskysSunnyskys 02:10, 18 April 2007 (UTC)--Sorry I not sure if I did this properly.This seems like where I would ask. Could you let me know if I'm wrong.
:First, thank you for putting a header on your comment on my talk page. Without the header, comments tend to slip by without being noticed. After rereading the article, I'm still siding towards enforcing the deletion. Your statement that it "in fact has many secondary sources" - is one I'd disagree with. In the last revision before it's deletion, there were three links. Links one and two were links to the home pages of the respective organisations. External links, but not references or sources. The third link does contain information, however is ridden with popups and security risks and one I would not include. The subject's [[WP:BIO|notability]], which was the presented reason for deletion, is where I fail to see any reason for inclusion. Working through your reasoning for inclusion on my talk page:
#''"The person Vinyette Teague is actually a missing person who is still missing to this day."'' Many people go missing every day and we don't have articles on them. We don't generally define someone as notable just because they are missing.
#''"She is listed with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the States"'' - doesn't make someone notable.
#''"and has recently been featured in the Newspaper,again in Chicago."'' While being featured in the newspaper helps, one newspaper does not cut it. I can't tell how notable he or she is from outside the US unless I can see here sources that show so.
#''"she is also the only child missing from the Robert Taylor Homes Housing Project in Chicago.of which wikipedia has an article on"'' - what makes the project special enough to warrant an article on a child from the place they came from. Notability generally doesn't pass on from place to person.
:The main problem is that you haven't provided enough ''"secondary sources that are reliable, intellectually independent,6 and independent of the subject."'' For more information, see [[Wikipedia:Notability (people)]], [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]] and [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources]]. This is vitally important because Wikipedia is based on ''verifiability, not truth''. I and anyone else should be able to see for themselves using the provided sources whether they are not reliable and make up their own minds, not rely on someone else who ''may'' be related or may be emotionally involved or attatched. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 12:45, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

== Wdefcon ==

Ok, it's been reinstated from deletion. Weird though! See [[Template_talk:Wdefcon#DELETED]]. -- [[User:Casmith_789|Casmith_789]] ([[User talk:Casmith_789|talk]]) 10:22, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

== To make your day ==

<div style="float:center; border-style:solid; border-color:blue; background-color:AliceBlue; border-width:1px; text-align:left; padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[Image:Smiley.svg|left|62px]]

{{{1|[[User:Jupiter12|Jupiter12]]}}} has smiled at you! Smiles promote [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! {{{2|}}} Smile at others by adding {{tls|Smile}} to their talk page with a friendly message.
</div>[[User:Jupiter12|Jupiter12]] 02:53, 27 April 2007 (UTC).

== Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Time ==

Would you be able to tell me how I could customise the look of the time once this script is in place. I'm redesigning my CSS and the dark text is hard to read against my dark blue background. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 13:46, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

:In your monobook.css file, try something like:
<pre>
#p-personal li {
color:white;
}
</pre>
:Substitute whatever other color you want. You can get more complex than that, though. See the very bottom of my monobook.css file for an example. Hope this works! --[[User:Mathwiz2020|M]][[Special:Emailuser/Mathwiz2020|@]][[User talk:Mathwiz2020|th]][[User:Mathwiz2020|wiz]][[Special:Contributions/Mathwiz2020|20]][[Wikipedia:Esperanza|20]] 19:04, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

== Thanks for the help on [[Plymouth Colony]], additional help needed. ==

Hey, I want to thank you for the copyedit you gave to the article [[Plymouth Colony]] a few weeks ago. I have made some more extensive revisions and additions to the article, and I was wondering if you would be so kind as to look over the article again and give it some work? I have added sections on prior settlements, Social history, and economy and expanded the government section some. Your work has been very beneficial to the article, and I plan to take this to peer review soon, and would like to have your help in prepping it for that, and possibly reaching Featured status sometime down the road. Thanks again for your prior work, and thanks in advance for any help you can give in the near future! --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]]|[[User talk:Jayron32|talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|contribs]] 05:59, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

== Thank you so much for the help on 411 ==

I'm so relieved it has been fixed. I tried to move it back from '''411 (year)''' but obviously, I didn't quite know how (since I had to move the discussion manually and I couldn't get the history moved too). I would just like to clarify, that it wasn't me who moved it in the first place, but I tried to rectify it.

Speaking of moving: Is it only admins who can move a page back in the correct manner or can anyone do this?

Once again: Thank you for fixing 411. I was quite worried for a while. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 09:01, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

:That's OK. The page history says it all, so I know you're not the guilty one, and it worked out all fine in the end. As to your query, only administrators can move a page over an existing one, except where the sole edit has been to redirect to the original page, as stated [[Help:Moving_pages#Moving_over_an_existing_page|here]]. '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 09:14, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Iridion 3D|Iridion 3D]] FAC ==

Concerns have been addressed. Could you please take another look? [[User:David Fuchs|David Fuchs]]<nowiki>(</nowiki>[[User talk:David Fuchs|talk]] / [[Special:Contributions/David Fuchs|frog blast the vent core!]]<nowiki>)</nowiki> 22:33, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

== Articles needing expert attention categories ==
{{resolved|dealt with at the template which is used in these categories. [[User:Od Mishehu|Od]] [[User talk:Od Mishehu|Mishehu]] 04:16, 20 May 2007 (UTC) }}
Please categorize the categories you've created. You've caused a big rise in the number of uncategorized categories. Each such category should probably be categorized both in a subject-related category and in {{cl|Articles needing expert attention}} or a category with a similar name. [[User:Od Mishehu|Od]] [[User talk:Od Mishehu|Mishehu]] 17:29, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

== Could you help again? ==

Hello again!

A few weeks ago, you helped fix the problem when somebody hade moved '''411''' to '''411 (year)''' (after my failed attempt at fixing it). I have now noticed that somebody has moved '''985''' to '''985 (year in medieval history)'''. Could you help move it back, please, or direct me to somebody who can. Thanks in advance. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 20:46, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

:PS. I alos noticed, that the same user has moved '''970s''' to '''970s (Decad)''', so this alos needs fixing. /[[User:Ludde23|Ludde23]] [[User talk:Ludde23|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Ludde23|Contrib]] 20:49, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

==Deletion of [[Konstantin von Höfler]]==

This was erroneously speedily deleted by you as copyvio, when the template at the bottom clearly states that it is in the public domain. It is bad enough to have these clueless nominations, but an admin needs to scroll. This was an irresponsible act. [[User:Charles Matthews|Charles Matthews]] 19:04, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

== {{vandal|Loureid}} ==

Time for a block methinks. Cheers. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:42, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
:Hmm, well ahead of me. :) – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:43, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
::Per [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Loureid&curid=11625692&diff=137029789&oldid=137029057 this] I would suggest you extend the block to indefinite and bring it up at [[WP:ANI]]. I think it's fair to say that he'll resume vandalising when the block expires. I've reverted that ridiculous unblock request. – [[User talk:Chacor|Chacor]] 12:50, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

== You are very unfair ==

"This page is either protected or semi-protected."

Wayne, if you can have a protected usserpage I can too. Protect my page at once and allow me access, or face consequences.

Wikipedia talk:Typo Team

2007-06-09T12:46:05Z

Lord fabs: English dialects

{{archive box|*[[/Archive 1|Archive 1]]}}

== Arctic ==

Arctic has other non-proper noun uses, so I don't think it should be changed. [[User:Bjweeks|BJ]][[User talk:Bjweeks|Talk]] 06:49, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

== Work Completed Archive frequency ==

Can the Work completed section be archived every month? Just a thought as the section has become too long. Mahalo! --[[User:Vikas Kumar Ojha|'''Vikas Kumar Ojha''']] [[User talk:Vikas Kumar Ojha|''Talk to me!'']] 16:27, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
:I agree! It's definitely too long. However, I am a newbie, so I can't take care of this myself. I think it's getting to be a real pain to scroll down the whole colossal list, somebody please archive it. [[User:Sue H. Ping|Sue H. Ping]] 20:18, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
::Done. :) --[[User:Galaxiaad|Galaxiaad]] 04:00, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
:::Thanks so much. :) [[User:Sue H. Ping|Sue H. Ping]] ([[User talk:Sue H. Ping|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sue H. Ping|contribs]]) 17:45, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

I think we should further divide the 'work completed' section into month or weeks. It would be much more organized that way. -- [[User:Ynhockey|Ynhockey]] ([[User talk:Ynhockey|Talk]]) 12:49, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

== Userbox and Category==

The userbox when added on the page, doesn't categorize a user as a member of Typo team. I am not really WP savvy, but I think that it may be a good idea. We can have a category for ''Typo Team Members'' and users can directly be listed if they add the userbox. Just a thought. Mahalo! --[[User:Vikas Kumar Ojha|'''Vikas Kumar Ojha''']] [[User talk:Vikas Kumar Ojha|''Talk to me!'']] 16:30, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

:Sorry it took me so amazingly long, but done. :) --[[User:Galaxiaad|Galaxiaad]] 19:36, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

== None ==

"None were" outnumbers "none was" 1016 to 510, but I was taught that "none were" is wrong and "none was" is correct. Comments, please, before I go changing anything. [[User:Philip Trueman|Philip Trueman]] 11:27, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

"None" can mean "note one" or "not any," so "none were" is fine if that's the sense you mean it in. According to the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, (© Random House, Inc. 2006) "none has been used with both singular and plural verbs since the 9th century." I'd go with that. Bruce P.

== Clean up articles and fix typos? ==

I searched for ''amoung'' so that I could change it to ''among''. There are about 600 articles when I search, so there's plenty of typo correcting to be done, but many of these articles are not encyclopaedic, or notable, or they contain many other errors.

Is it worth fixing the typo and leaving the rest, or should I be adding a tag to the article and letting other people know that the article needs improvement? [[User:DanBeale|DanBeale]] 13:11, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

:My opinion about fixing other errors in the article: it just depends on what you feel like doing. I only read through the whole thing if it looks interesting or full of egregious errors (unless it looks like vandalism or copyvio, in which case I usually open it in my regular browser (I use AWB) to check out the history). But I think you should definitely add appropriate tags (while you fix the typo, of course... why not?). I've found quite a few uncategorized (and non-English, and so on...) articles while looking for typos, and there are other teams for fixing that... ;) We can't do everything. Just my 2 cents. (Also, have you looked into [[WP:AWB|AWB]]? It fixes typos and some other stuff (semi-)automatically in whatever article you're editing.) --[[User:Galaxiaad|Galaxiaad]] 22:51, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

==Dont==
Thinking about tackling some of the "donts" and adding the apostrophe. Did a quick search and found numerous articles titled this way. Anything that can done about those, or should it be left alone? --[[User:Csodennc|Csodennc]] 03:40, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
I take a zero-tolerance aproach to punctuation; don't, won't would'nt, shan't, etc is the correct useage. (from my Oxford Dictionary of Style & Usage)--[[User:Archolman|dick]] 23:22, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

==Practising, Recognised==
Any thoughts on those two spellings? Getting over a thousand results for both. Are they acceptable in certain areas? My knowledge is to spell it Practicing and Recognized--[[User:Csodennc|Csodennc]] 06:17, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
* Both are acceptable in British English --[[User:Thiseye|Thiseye]] 00:07, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
*These are correctaccording to the Oxford Dict. of Style & Usage--[[User:Archolman|dick]] 23:26, 29 March 2007 (UTC)
**My understanding is that in British English, "practice" is the noun, "practise" the verb, while American English admits only "practice" for both verb and noun.--[[User:BillFlis|BillFlis]] 19:31, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

== To hyphenate or not to hyphenate, ==

(let me copy from my [[WP:HELPDESK#To_hyphenate_or_not_to_hyphenate.2C|posting at WP:HELPDESK]], and replies there)

that is the question I asked here a long time ago, when the answer was "go for it". But I just keep seeing so many places where hyphenated words just aren't. Maybe because I'm looking for it, but it seems like more instances are missing than using. What I'm whinging about are things like "mini series" and "non Serbian". Those are just the ones in the last hour, others have read much more strangely. I tried looking for style guides, but ended up only with [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dashes)]] which doesn't fit the bill. Can you point me to any reassurance I'm not fighting against some (un)written rule, e.g. colour/color? (and yeah, I could go another few months on another "go for it" :-) [[User:Shenme|Shenme]] 06:41, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

:Go for it! (I agree both of those should be hyphenated; please proceed.) — [[User:Knowledge Seeker|Knowledge Seeker]] [[User talk:Knowledge Seeker|দ]] 06:47, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
*Isn't it "miniseries" (without a space or a hyphen)? I'd say consult Strunk's Manual of Style if you have access to a reasonable library, or if that is not an option consult a dictionary. I'm sure a lot of these cases aren't half as ambiguous as they seem to some people. According to the rules I learnt about compound words "non Serbian" should have a hyphen. - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm]]|[[User talk:MacGyverMagic|(talk)]] 07:53, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

So, what do y'all think? Am I crazy? Is it worth changing these strange constructions, or maybe even noting the more frequent occurring pairs? [[User:Shenme|Shenme]] 13:10, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

:I quite agree that the examples you list should be hyphenated. Incidentally, the other example you compare it with (color/colour), far from being the subject of an unwritten rule, is in fact dealt with at [[WP:ENGVAR]] in some detail. Best wishes, --[[User:Guinnog|Guinnog]] 13:19, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
::Yes, that's why I kind of slurred the "(un)written", and I've actually mentioned it to a few editors, though I couldn't cite them the actual WP:ENGVAR, thanks! [[User:Shenme|Shenme]] 17:40, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
:"Miniseries" is a compound word. Compound words are sometimes hyphenated, sometimes two words, and sometimes one word, not according to any particular rule but just custom. (Personally I would use "miniseries", as I've already indicated, but "mini-series" looks OK to me while "mini series" is weird. It's kind of just a matter of preference though.) British English tends to use hyphens in compound words more often ("to-day" anyone?) than American English.
:For "non-Serbian" you definitely want to use a hyphen. I feel like there's a trend to leave out hyphens, especially in things like "award-winning". The Wikipedia article for [[hyphen]] is pretty good at describing different uses, I think... --[[User:Galaxiaad|Galaxiaad]] 14:46, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

::Thanks, people. I was feeling lonely, staring at all those gap-toothed articles. ;-:) [[User:Shenme|Shenme]] 17:40, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

== Team list ==

Hi. Should I auto-magically be added to the team list once I add the userbox to my page? If so, I must have done it wrong, hehe. --[[User:Segaba|Segaba]] 15:55, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Never mind, I see I'm on the category list, just not on the project page. No big whoop. --[[User:Segaba|Segaba]] 15:57, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Aaaand there I found the notice on the category page to add myself to the project page manually. Obviously I have a sharp eye, and will be a vital cog in the anti-typo machine... --[[User:Segaba|Segaba]] 16:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

== Standardized edit summary ==
I just joined, but how would everyone feel about using a standard edit summary like: <nowiki>Typo correction - [[Wikipedia:Typo|You can help!]]</nowiki>

Other maintenence groups use this sort of thing, and it could help promote the project. Fishal 19:54, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

:I already use one when I do typo work, but it'd be nice to have it on the front page. [[User:Crystallina|Crystallina]] 03:07, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

::I agree with Fishal, it would be a good way to spread the word. I think that the example that he has given is actually simple and effective enough to be perfect! --[[User:SteelersFan UK06|SteelersFan UK06]] 06:21, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

:::The template I've been using is usually similar to this: "Spelling: innacurate ==> inaccurate. [[WP:TYPO|You can help!]]." That way it's more specific about which exact error was changed. [[User:Crystallina|Crystallina]] 00:37, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

::::Either way, the <nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Typo|You can help!]]</nowiki> works. I've used it on pretty much every typo that I've corrected on here since I first saw this comment.--[[User:SteelersFan UK06|SteelersFan UK06]] 01:37, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

== A drive some of you may be interested in ==
Cross-posting this here since it intersects nicely with this project. I'm trying to get together as many editors as possible for a cleanup drive starting June 21. The link's currently located here: [[User:Crystallina/Gnome Week]] although once it gets off the ground I might take it to Wikipedia namespace as an essay. Anyway. If you're interested, we need all the help we can get. [[User:Crystallina|Crystallina]] 01:51, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
:Just a question: What's a "cleanup drive" and why does it need to get "off the ground"? As much as cleaning up the drive appeals to me, can't we clean up the ground as well?--[[User:BillFlis|BillFlis]] 02:18, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
::A cleanup drive is basically a site-wide cleanup movement. In the same sense as [[Wikipedia:Article improvement drive]]. And to get off the ground just means to get started. [[User:Crystallina|Crystallina]] 11:10, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

== English dialects ==

Note that the endings "-ize" and "-ization" are acceptable in both British and American English. The suffix -ise is more common in Commonwealth usage than -ize, but both spellings are correct. The use of -ize/-ise should remain consistent throughout a page.

What about australian english? In Aussie english, "-ise" is never spelt with a z. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 12:46, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

Template talk:Communism sidebar

2007-06-06T11:54:52Z

Lord fabs: /* May 2007 edit war */

[[Template:Maoism]]
[[Template talk:Communism/Archive 1]]
[[Template talk:Communism/Archive 2]]

== The best way to resolve the problem ==
is to include only the few undeniable ones : Marx, Engels, Luxemburg, Lenin. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 12:08, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
:But Luxemburg is arguably less relevant than say Trotsky, Stalin and Mao. I repeat my earlier comment, that it is a historical misconception to focus to much on the earliest stages of the communist movement, the communist movement has been a real existing feature continuously throughout the last century. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 18:17, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
::That's your stalinist POV. Marx, Engels, Luxemburg, Lenin, are undeniable - stalin and mao killed thousands of communists, and are most disputed, and most of the communists in 2007 don't recognize them as "communists". --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 00:14, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
:::Try getting a citation for that. After 1956 the absolute majority of the world communist movement renounced Stalin. However, that does not mean that they rejected the fact that Stalin was a communist. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 00:41, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
:::Like Vision Thing said at the bottom of the talk page, this template should not be written from the POV of "most of the communists in 2007," from a "Stalinist POV," or even from the POV of "the absolute majority of the world communist movement." It must be written from a ''neutral'' POV. [[User:PubliusFL|PubliusFL]] 20:57, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
::::Unless we change the heading to "Prominent communist ''theorists''", we would have to mention every Communist tyrant of the 20th century, and I don't think that would be beneficial to the reader. Everyone knows about the Communist statesmen who are so villified in mainstream publications, but not everyone knows about the theorists of communism: those who truly shaped the ideology. If you don't take my suggestion, then we might as well scrap the section altogether, because I don't envision us coming to an agreement on who to include otherwise. -- [[User:WGee|WGee]] 09:51, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
:::::Alternatively, we could change the heading to "Founders of modern communism"; that way we could include only Marx, Engels, and Lenin. But whatever the case, the heading needs to be changed because it is much too broad as it stands now. -- [[User:WGee|WGee]] 09:54, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
::::::I think that my second suggestion, "Founders of modern communism", is the most pracitical, since the criteria for inclusion would be more narrow and objective (e.g., one could not argue that Fidel Castro was a founder of modern communism). -- [[User:WGee|WGee]] 10:02, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
:::::::That certainly doesn't get us around including Stalin and Mao. The largest communist party in the world (not to mention the largest political party, period) is the Chinese Communist Party, which is explicitly Maoist. So are many other extant communist parties and organizations throughout the world (such as the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA), especially in Asia. Doesn't excluding the largest communist party in the world from the definition of "modern communism" seem a little bit POV? North Korea clings to Stalinism, which itself makes Stalin notable as a founder of modern communism - and probably Kim Il-Sung as well. Other Stalinist parties and organizations also persist to the present, which gives the Trotskyists and Maoists someone to ostracize from the movement. [[User:PubliusFL|PubliusFL]] 18:22, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
::::::::I agree, naming section "Founders of modern communism" doesn't solve the problem, it just narrows the list of communists. Also, there is the same problem with schools of communism. [[User:Vision Thing|-- Vision Thing --]] 19:23, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
:::::::::Using your logic we would have to include every Communist leader of the 20th century, which is neither beneficial for the reader nor practical. The whole idea behind my suggestion, Vision Thing, ''is'' to norrow the list of communists: the narrower the list, the less opportunities there are for POV disputes. Plus, the founders of modern communism are the most important communists, so if we are to include anyone, it must be them. -- [[User:WGee|WGee]] 23:48, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

I must say, it's really criminal not to have prominent links to Mikhail Bakunin, the Russian Marxist turned Anarchist/Marxist critic who pointed out during Marx's lifetime that the sixth stage of communist revolution, namely the withering of the state, would not occur due to the nature of the state to seize more and more power. This is precisely what happened in the Soviet Union. Bakunin is vital to understanding the original theory of Marxism and how it relates to the history of the Soviet Union; without this link, casual readers will be unaware of Bakunin's sympathetic critique. Certainly Bakunin is a more important figure than Rosa Luxembourg. [[User:24.185.105.189|24.185.105.189]] 01:59, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

: Bakunin wasn´t a marxist, he tried to destroy the international, He was an anarchist. And I agree with you Luxemburg is definately not important

==An alternative approach==
On [[Template:Trotskyism]], there was, similarly, a debate over which individuals should be included. Ultimately, we found a consensus by agreeing on four rough levels of notability, and then agreed which level various people appeared to fit. Given the number of people at various levels, we decided to add to the template only those individuals who met the characteristics of the top two levels of notability.

For instance, we might say:
# Theoreticians whose work is used by most branches of communism.
# Individual leaders of major branches of communism.
# Theoreticians whose work is used by one or more significant branches of communism.
# National communist leaders in countries prominent in the communist movement.

While an approach along these lines wouldn't necessarily stop arguments, particularly those over the definition of communism, it would help to ensure that the same standards are applied to each individual. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 17:25, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
: But trotskyism is much much smaller than communism... My proposal is still : Marx, Engels, Luxemburg, Lenin - and why not the link to [[List of communists]]. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 18:34, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
:: Linking [[List of communists]] is of course a good idea. Still though, its difficult to say that Luxemburg would have been more prominent than Stalin. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 18:43, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
:::Or more prominent than Trotsky. I agree that Trotskyism is a small subcategory of communism, which is why I've proposed rather higher bars for people to reach to appear in this template. For instance, re: Inbloom's proposal, Marx and Engels, and maybe Lenin would probably reach the top level of notability; Luxemburg probably the third level. I'm really interested in comments as to whether this approach would be helpful, rather than more suggestions of particular lists of people who should be included, as that approach hasn't yet yielded consensus. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 19:09, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
:That sounds like a useful way to think about the issues, Warofdreams. Using that heirarchy, I'd agree that Marx and Engels would definitely be in category 1, Lenin either in 1 or 2. Category 2 would definitely include Lenin (if he's not in category 1), Trotsky, Stalin, and Mao. Ho Chi Minh would probably fall to category 4. [[User:PubliusFL|PubliusFL]] 20:45, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
My new proposal : [[User:Inbloom2/Template]]. Otherwise, we can delete the "Prominent Communists" section and simply put a link in "Related subjects" to [[Karl Marx]] and [[List of communists]]. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 18:41, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

==Block the disruptive editor, not changes to this template==
Day after day I keep waiting for the protection of this template to be lifted. In frustration, I have reverted my own May 2006 redirect of the alternative communism template. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Communism2&diff=101285890&oldid=54255469] The wait is getting ridiculous.

The protection of this template should be reversed, in addition to restoring the established version of the template, immediately. Protecting the template was not the correct course of action for J Di to take [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=protect&user=J+Di&page= see his log]. Pages are only supposed to be protected from edit wars when the source of the the reversions cannot be traced to [[WP:POINT]], vandalism, or the bad behavior in general of a single user.

The edit war here was the result of the disruption of a single user, {{user|Mayis}}, who was making frequent reversions for days, often with mindless edit summaries like "Rv. Stalinist cencorship" in his/her edit summaries. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Communism&action=history] There was a consensus among all established editors here that (1) the colors typically associated with the communist movement across the world since the early 20th century (red and yellow) should be used in the template; and (2) that Joseph Stalin, probably one of the three most widely known communist leaders of the 20th century, should be included if we are linking any handful of biographies to this template. No other consensus would be appropirate, given that Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 08:21, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

:The protection policy does state that "A temporary full-protection is used for: * Enforcing a "cool down" period to stop an edit war (...)" This short-term protection does seem to have had the desired effect, as it has facilitated discussion, and since protection has been removed, there has not yet been a continuation of the edit war. The points you mention do seem to have majority support, but there are other issues proving controversial under current discussion. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 00:55, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
::Wikipedia is not a democracy. Editors acting in the interests of the encyclopedia do not require 'majority support.' The page should never have been protected on a version using an uncommon color scheme for the sickle and hammer symbol. The edit war over who to include under 'prominent communists' was silly. Any expert on the subject willing to work in a nonsectarian manner could have resolved it easily: any such list must include at a minimum Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky, and Mao. If those key figures are included, any combination of any of at least a handful of the other names mentioned (such as Luxemburg, Gramsci, Mariátegui, and Ho Chi Minh) is fine. If common sense cannot prevail here, we can try blocking disruptive editors, or just dropping the list of 'prominent communists' altogether. There is no reason, however, to protect the template on an incompetent version. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 07:49, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
:::The problem here is that there may be a difference between your point of view and the interests of the encyclopedia. It may also be worth looking at [[m:The Wrong Version]]. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 11:47, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
::::First, I read that meta page on "the wrong version" more than three years ago. I was one of the site's earliest administrators, the 60th as a matter of fact (there are currently nearly 1,100). I understand the guidelines for protecting pages as well as anyone. The source of the edit war here was [[WP:POINT]]. Protecting pages is not the way administrators deal with WP:POINT. The way administrators deal with disruption is issuing blocks or warnings. Anyway, this discussion is no longer relevant. At my request, the template was correctly unprotected, and there is no need to look into J Di's action, as there is no evidence suggesting his mistake was not made in good faith. Second, your comment "there may be a difference between your point of view and the interests of the encyclopedia" is neither here nor there. Are you disputing the following: ''any such list must include at a minimum Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky, and Mao. If those key figures are included, any combination of any of at least a handful of the other names mentioned (such as Luxemburg, Gramsci, Mariátegui, and Ho Chi Minh) is fine''? That assertion rests on an empirically grounded observation of traditional coverage of communism in other encyclopedias and sourcebooks. It does not rest on the supremacy of any ranking of importance I personally hold. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 14:08, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
:::::I agree that there's nothing to be gained by picking over this particular discussion further. Regarding your statement; while I personally regard Stalin and Mao as having little to do with what I understand as communism, we need to have a list based on the common understanding of the term, so I think that they should be included. That said, there are users involved in this discussion who disagree with this for reasons I believe are sincere and do not fall under WP:POINT. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 15:46, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
::::::I did say, nor mean to imply, that everyone trying to keep Stalin and Mao out of the template was involved in the discussion here for insincere reasons falling under WP:POINT. Notice I was referring to the frequency of blanket reversions by Mayis, and his/her inflammatory edit summaries "Rv. Stalinist censorship." I did not mention Inbloom2, who has been civil, as far as everything I've seen. I'm sorry if I was unclear earlier and left the impression I consider misguided proposals disruption warranting administrative sanction. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 21:16, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

User:172, your edit comment was : "''use red and yellow-- the commonly associated colors''" - while you changed the entire template !
As I said before, we can delete the section. I try a version, using the image you want - but there has been a long discussion about it... --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 13:18, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
:That was my objection to the version of the template protected by J Di. Your new edit [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Communism&diff=101549930&oldid=101505005] introduces new problems. It is fine that you delete the list of 'prominent communists.' Such a list is not essential. You left the list of "schools of communism" idiosyncratic. The major 'schools' traditionally covered in encyclopedias and sourcebook entries on communism include the following: Leninism, Stalinism (or anti-revisionism), Trotskyism, and Maoism. Your list omits Stalinism and Maoism, but includes schools of communism that typically do not get much attention in encyclopedia entries: "left communism," "council communism," "Luxemburgism," and "Anarchist communism." In making lists on this template, and anywhere on the encyclopedia, only include incidental entries if and only if all essential entries are also included. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 14:08, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
: ? I don't undestand your revert : we agreed on the deletion of the "prominent communists" section, + leninism is not a basic concept of leninism, and so on... --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 23:46, 19 January 2007 (UTC)
::As I said earlier, I don't care that you are removing the list of "prominent communists." (The removal strikes me as tendentious editing, but personally I hardly consider it worth a fight, as the list is not essential.) My post above and my edit summaries instead call your attention to the new problems you have introduced. The list of "schools of communism" in your revision does not follow the basic guideline I explained earlier: ''In making lists on this template, and anywhere on the encyclopedia, only include incidental entries if and only if all essential entries are also included.'' Your list includes the incidental entries 'Left communism, Council communism, Luxemburgism, and Anarchist communism,' while ignoring essential ones, Stalinism and to a lesser extent Eurocommunism. I am not suggesting that certain entries are essential because they refer to 'true' communism while incidental entries do not refer to 'true' communism, as I suspect you assume. Rather, I am noting the fact that encyclopedias and sourcebooks, in their entries on communism, traditionally focus their coverage on Communism in the Soviet Union, and the parties aligned with the CPSU or that split with the CPSU. Movements that split with the CPSU included Trotskyism, anti-revisionism, Maoism, and to a lesser extent Eurocommunism. Many encyclopedia and sourcebook entries on communism do not even mention 'Left communism, Council communism, Luxemburgism, and Anarchist communism' a single time. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 12:35, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

==Inbloom2==
In your last edit you added "Luxemburgism" to "schools of communism." The term "Luxemburgism" or "Luxembourgism" is not used a single time in all of ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Search ''Britannica'' at [http://search.eb.com/] Only 27 results come up for "Luxembourgism" at Jstor, an online database of scholarly journals. Search Jstor at [http://www.jstor.org/search/]. The term is uncommon. The reason is that KPD, formed by Luxemburg and the Spartacist League in late 1918, was increasingly loyal to the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s. Following her execution, the party took up the mantle of Marxism-Leninism, not "Luxembourgism." Luxemburg was a prominent member of the SPD from the turn of the century to the beginning of the First World War, and later the Spartacist League during the wartime years until her execution in 1919; finding a place for her biography on the template might be helpful to readers. But including "Luxembourgism" in the template gives undue weight to an obscure term. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 17:01, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

I understand that people are really anxious to take out "Left communism, Council communism, Luxemburgism, and Anarchist communism", possibly represent all of them under one or two titles, which would be alright only if we represented all of the currents that claim to be "genuine Leninists";
Stalinism, Trotskyism, Titoism, Maoism and Eurocommunism under "Leninism" and therefore taken out of the template in order to be represented in a possible Template:Leninism in the future. ~[[User:Mayis|Mayis]]
:The above post is incoherent. Did you read my post above? "Luxemburgism" was removed for a specific reason, with the aim of making the template consistent with standard coverage of communism in encyclopedias. Left communism and council communism were not removed. Inclusion of anarchism was moved, not stipped from the template. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 17:35, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

I don't understand why [[anarchist communism]] and [[luxemburgism]] should be deleted from the template... It's true that luxemburgism has been defeated early, but is this a good reason to delete it ?
At least I put RL (and KM) in the "Related subjects". --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 22:20, 20 January 2007 (UTC)
: If we decide not to include luxemburgism, I think it will be logical to delete titoism. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 22:23, 20 January 2007 (UTC)
: Sorry, anarchist communism wasn't deleted after all. My bad. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 22:25, 20 January 2007 (UTC)
::No, Titoism and the split between Yugoslavia and Stalin receive extensive coverage in encyclopedic entries on Communism. You have not shown evidence of a single encylopedia even using the term "Luxemburgism" in any entry, let alone offering an article about the subject. Giving undue weight to minority points of view is inconsient with the editoral policies of Wikipedia. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 17:10, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

== Symbols & Stalinism ==

Dear All,

Not, stalinism is '''not''' a communism; look in en:wiki: ''Stalinism is the political and economic system named after Joseph Stalin[...]. It includes an extensive use of propaganda to establish a personality cult around an absolute dictator, extensive use of the secret police to maintain social submission, and most notably, the promotion of communism as the highest political and economic ideal.'' – it's quite the contrary of the communism, indeed.

Not, hammer & sickle are not the symbols of communism. Marx's ''Kapital'' is the only common element, although criticised (and not a symbol indeed) to all mentioned movements. Hammer & sickle are proper to russian revolution (1917 and onwards) and to maoism, and most communists today are quite hostile to this tradition; from historical point of view, it is a wrong icon for the template as a whole. If you don't want to use the image of the first page of the Kapital (avail. on commons), then please consider what we did in Poland: [[:pl:Szablon:Komunizm|Communism template]].

cheers, [[User:Ziel|ziel]] [[User talk:Ziel|&]] 12:24, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

:Please read the comments above. It is in ''your opinion'' that Stalinism is "quite the contrary of communism" - the vast majority of Communist parties and movements in the twentieth-century were based at least somewhat on Stalinist principles. There are still communist parties today (such as the [[Revolutionary Communist Party, USA]]), who believe that Stalin was a great communist leader. Just because you disagree with that view, doesn't mean that the view doesn't warrant inclusion in the encyclopaedia. [[User:Chairman S.|Chairman S.]] [[User talk:Chairman S.|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Chairman_S.|Contribs]] 12:26, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
::Well, precisely, its ''their'' opinion that S. was not only great but also a communist. We don't have to include all the opinions, right? I mean, ''amicus consensus, sed magis amica veritas''! Why not doing a templace with "dictatorships"? It would be a nice home for S. At universities, in the UK or in Fr., we teach things like "Communism", and we show explicitly that there are no grounds from historical point of view to call the guy "communist", this is done both in philosophy and in history classes. We are able, today, to show that stalinist ''praxis'' went against almost everything Marx thought important. History is being written continously, and we are only now starting to understand many features proper to ... well... I will not insist, just another sign of how risky this all wikipedia thing is. [[User:Ziel|ziel]] [[User talk:Ziel|&]] 13:09, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
:::''All'' opinions don't have to be included, but the most notable ones should. The idea that Stalin was a prominent ''communist'' leader is disputed by many theoreticians, but is very mainstream and widespread. [[User:PubliusFL|PubliusFL]] 18:35, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

==Simpler version==
[[User:172]] replaced the colour version with a simpler version [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Communism&diff=next&oldid=101557938 here] citing "however, while chatting, don't use any colors and symbols and all if you object to the standard red and yellow sickle and hammer" as a reason. I understand this as saying: "as long as there is no consensus on the use of colour this version will do". I can understand such reasoning: it is a temporal compromise. He did so without discussing this change. Now he is [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Socialism&diff=prev&oldid=102035042 imposing] this model on other templates and [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACommunism&diff=102221508&oldid=102208212 threatening] to get editors who disagree with him, blocked, as supposed vandals, while we should [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|assume good faith]]. I think that these edits of user:172 should be discussed here, before enforced here and elsewhere: do we want a clean and professional template in blue and white? or do we want a template that uses appropriate colours? I opt for the second. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 16:19, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
:'''"appropriate colours"''' – blue for Smurfs is indeed appropriate; no such a thing with communism. please, please, please, take a look here and just try to think about this option: [[:pl:Szablon:Komunizm|template communism]]. [[User:Ziel|ziel]] [[User talk:Ziel|&]] 17:46, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
::Is there any signficant communist group which doesn't use red as its main colour? Where they have a secondary colour, it may be yellow, white, black or a variety of other colours, but surely nobody is arguing against using red? [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 20:27, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
:::We are talking about the background colour, right? Have you seen the red version? There is no reason to insist on a very ugly (when pink) or a very unreadable (when red) background, whereas the colour is inessential to what is being said in the template (this is a minor point in this debate, I am only defending user:172 move, ''i.e.'' neutralizing). There is obviously the second problem of colour (yellow or white for hammer and sickle), but I argue that this one can be solved quite easily: '''you should get rid of the h&s stuff altogether'''. [[User:Ziel|ziel]] [[User talk:Ziel|&]] 20:41, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
::::Sounds like we need to get some structure back to this discussion; while it previously looked like things were moving towards consensus, since the template was unprotected, pretty much every single element of it has been the subject of edit wars. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 20:48, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
IMHO, User:172 has lost the point here. A consensus was established long ago that Hammer n sickle ought to be used as the symbol of communism. I think it is relatively uncomplicated that 1) use hammer n sickle as symbol on top and 2) that red is the colour most generally associated with communism worldwide. Exactly which type of hammer n sickle is of course a more trivial issue. My only problem is that the 'red n yellow' one is cropped from the USSR flag, and that it is the symbol as a general feature that should be displayed, not an associated to a particular state or party. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 17:56, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

==Sickle and hammer/image guidelines==
"Images must be relevant to the article [in which they appear] and be of sufficient notability (relative to the article's topic)," according to guidelines mandating "encyclopedicity" in the selection of images. The red and white sickle and hammer at Image:Hnsvariation.PNG is not notable, but idiosyncratic. The colors are not associated with the sickle and hammer emblem used by any major historical Communist party. Its usage is inappropriate in this template. This is not a matter of personal or ideological preference subject to compromise and consensus among Wikipedia users, but the imperatives of editing the encyclopedia.

{{User|Soman}}, however, continues making reversions to previous drafts of the template using Image:Hnsvariation.PNG. His/her justistication (see his/her 17:56, 21 January 2007 talk post) is that Image:Hammer and sickle.svg is cropped from the flag of the Soviet Union. If Image:Hammer and sickle.svg is unacceptable, Soman has three permissible options (1) select another red and yellow sickle and hammer currently uploaded (such as the CCP image at Image:Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg); (2) modify the colors of Image:Hnsvariation.PNG-- a process which requires minutes and software to which just about everyone here has access, such as "Paintbrush" on Microsoft Windows; or (3) opt to use no image in the template. Restoring Image:Hnsvariation.PNG, an even more clearly unacceptable image, however, is clearly uncalled for, and frankly demonstrates a lack of respect to editors interested in making coverage here consistent with the coverage of communism in encyclopedias. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 19:32, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
:I think the comment "The colors are not associated with the sickle and hammer emblem used by any major historical Communist party." sort of disqualifies User:172 from further commenting the issue. Perhaps he/she has not heard of [[CPI(M)]], [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)]], [[CPN(UML)]], [[Communist Party of Spain]], [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation]], etc. Yellow on red is actually not very much today by communist parties. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 20:08, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
::See [[WP:NPA]]. I did not say that red and white was not used by any major Communist parties; rather I said "major" parties. Two parties receive by far the greatest amount of coverage in encyclopedias in entries on Communism: the CPSU and the CCP. Your comment that red and white are the predominant colors associated with Communism today is utterly abusrd. Red and yellow is used today by the CCP. Red and yellow are futher used in the national flags of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the People's Republic of China. Note that none of the paries you mention is the single ruling party. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 04:44, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
:::I hardly think violated the NPA policy. If my comment is perceived as harsh, you should also take into account that I was accused of vandalism no very stange ground just prior to that. Moreover, I don't think I misquoted you, I copy-pasted your exact comment, which explicitly said 'any major Historical communist party'. To make such generalized statements without proper reference should generally be avoided. In my comment i pointed out several current major communist parties using the red-n-white scheme. To say that only CPSU and CPC are to be counted as the major communist parties is a bit odd, it is a very narrow way to look at the history of the communist movement. In the end its not a matter of statistics, whether 70% used red-n-white and 30% red-n-yellow or vice-versa, since any such comparison would violate WP:OR, but to clarify that 1) red is the primary colour of the international communist movement and 2) a variety of secondary colours are used. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 11:26, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
::::Go to the Britannica article on Communism and figure out what share of the article deals with Communist parties that use red and white sickle and hammer symbols. In the coverage of Communism in enyclopedias, the CPSU and CCP feature most prominently. Effots to disregard the histories of the CPSU and CCP in coverage of Communism will be resisted on grounds of clear encyclopedic guidelines governing the contributions of editors. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 17:03, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
::::::Look, CPSU symbol was not identical to USSR flag. CPC has also used other colour schemes than yellow on red. Red flag, white star, black hammer n sickle was widely used during the revolution (variations like [http://www.fotw.net/flags/cn^chc.html this one]). Moreover, what to define as a 'major' party is not something that can have an exact definition. CPSU and CPC are certainly amongst the most notable communist parties in the world, not one could hardly argue that [[CPI(M)]] (which governs, through elections, states with a combined population of above 110 million) is a minor party. Do not claim false authority, that there is any 'encyclopediatic guideline' that says that solely CPSU and CPC are the relevant components of the international communist movement. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 19:31, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
:::::::Come on, that's weak. If I weren't well aware that the Russian and Chinese Communists have used many different banners and symbols over time, the trivia would be interesting. The most enduring banners used in Soviet and PRC national and party banners, nevertheless, have been red and yellow. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 21:12, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
:I propose this [[:Image:Sickle.gif]] for the template, it has no conflicts based on copyrights...or we can always use the unicode for the sickle+hammer. [[User:NBAwire:syxx|☭ moizkhan]] 00:44, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
::No. We are not rewriting history to fit the aesthetic preferences of Wikipedia users. We must use red and yellow, or none at all. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 09:08, 28 January 2007 (UTC)
:::Personally; I don't see it as rewriting history; but I do see your point here. [[User:Khanmoiz|☭ moizkhan]] 14:36, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
By the way, Soman, please use complete sentences and avoid slag (e.g., using "n" as a shorthand for "and"). We are supposed to be writing an encyclopedia, not participating in an instant message conversation, online chatroom, or an online social networking community. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 21:12, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

==What to include==
We now seem to have reverts between three distinct versions of the template: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Communism&oldid=99645362], [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Communism&oldid=102221508] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Communism&oldid=102208212].

Perhaps we can structure this discussion a little, in order to try to develop a consensus. I've tried to break up the main areas under dispute, and the three alternatives which are being added to the template. It'd be good to have a clear explanation from a supporter of each proposition as to why they deem this the best option, and an indication of the level of support this enjoys (this is not a vote). Feel free to propose variations on these propositions. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 21:13, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
:I am surprised a user of your status is not aware that content guidelines are not a matter for voting. NPOV cannot be voted away; Wikipedia is not a democracy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy] The vote cannot be considered binding. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 04:47, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
::Please read what I have said above. This is not a vote. I do, however, hope that proponents of differing points of view will see fit to explain their reasoning. As I have said before, there are good faith proposals being put forward from a number of angles, and I believe that it may be helpful for users to discuss these, and give an indication of their general level of support. While, I repeat, this is not a vote, it may be that this format will give an indication to some users as to why their proposals are not accepted by others, and provide ideas for building a consensus. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 05:12, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
:::It sure looks like a vote, with users erroneously claiming "white and red to be the colors most commonly associated with the theory of communism," as one person put it, voting away the imperatives of writing an encyclopedia with a majority. Hopefully your section layout below does no harm. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 05:43, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

==Template colours==
===The template should have red as its main colour, and use white elsewhere===
Red is universally known as the colour of communism. White is a neutral colour to use alongside it; in addition, many communist organisations have used this combination of colours. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 21:21, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

I agree with Warofdreams, red/white combo will look great. [[User:NBAwire:syxx|NBAwire:syxx]] 04:13, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

- Question: Warofdreams, can you give an example of an organization which uses this combination? Most flags of communist countries, for instance, use red and yellow (Such as [[Flag of China|China]], [[Flag of the USSR|the USSR and individuals SSRs]], [[Flag of Vietnam|Vietnam]], [[Flag of Cambodia|Red Khmer]] etc.). - [[User:C mon|C mon]] 10:17, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

:Some examples:
*Virtually all South Asian communist groups ([[CPN(UML)]], [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)]], [[Communist Party of Bangladesh]], [[Communist Party of India]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], [[Socialist Unity Centre of India]], [[JVP]], etc.). I'm not sure about Pakistan, though.
*It is commonly, although not exclusively used by the [[Communist Party of Spain]]
*[[Communist Party of the Russian Federation]]]
*[[Communist Party of Norway]]
*[[Portuguese Communist Party]]
*[[Party of the Communists of Catalonia]]
*[[Syrian Communist Party]]
*see also [http://static.twoday.net/spielverderber/images/kpd.jpg], a style heaily used during the comintern period
--[[User:Soman|Soman]] 11:40, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

====Support====
* '''Support''', thanks for the examples Soman, they've convinced me. - [[User:C mon|C mon]] 09:54, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
* '''Support''', red as standard colour of communism and white as neutral. Using yellow would be rather Leninist, while the other normally neutral colour, black, would be rather anarchist. White is neutral. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 13:06, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
::Using white is the anti communist colour.--CmrdMariategui 19:19, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

===The template should have red as its main colour, and yellow as a secondary colour===
====Support====
===The template should have pale blue as its main colour===
====Support====
===The template should have white as its main colour===
====Support====
# [[User:Ziel|ziel]] [[User talk:Ziel|&]] 22:08, 21 January 2007 (UTC) (white is both neutral and easy to read from; red frames maybe?)
# `'[[user:mikkalai|mikka]] 19:55, 22 January 2007 (UTC). Templates are tools for navigation, not for expression of political views. Bright red colour in a quite large template is distractive for reading of the article and degrades the readability of the text when used as a background, even in [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Communism&oldid=102464603 this version], with a single red line, the word "communism" is barely readable. `'[[user:mikkalai|mikka]] 19:55, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
::This point about readability on a bright red background is true; this is probably why this shade hasn't been used in other versions of the template. Perhaps either a paler shade of red, or a more subtle use of it (for example, using Ziel's frames idea. Alternatively, if (and only if) we use headings which are not links, we could have white text on a slightly darker red background. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 01:00, 24 January 2007 (UTC)
:::How about we use [[Template:Marxist_theory]] style; not directly but, for the use of red, as it will have no conflicts as far as readability goes...and personally looks good as well. The only objection I can think of is that we don't want to confuse a reader about Marxism and Communism. [[User:NBAwire:syxx|☭ moizkhan]] 02:40, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
::::That looks reasonable; certainly much better than the current mess on this template. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 17:01, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

===Further discussion===

I added an inobtrusive amount of red color into the template, for the purposes of demonstration. I agree that red must be present; it is an undeniable symbol, but it must not smack you in the face. `'[[user:mikkalai|mikka]] 20:01, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

==Image==
===The template should use an image of a white sickle on a red background===
====Support====

I, like many others consider white and red to be the colors most commonly associated with the theory of communism. Though personally red sickle on white background might work better ( Such as this one: [[:Image:Sickle.gif]] ). [[User:NBAwire:syxx|NBAwire:syxx]] 04:11, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
:I agree. Either way, red on white or white on red, it should be a hammer and sickle on a solid background and using the red and white colour combination. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 13:14, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

===The template should use an image of a yellow sickle on a red background===
====Support====
===The template should not include an image===
====Support====
# [[User:Ziel|ziel]] [[User talk:Ziel|&]] 22:06, 21 January 2007 (UTC) (certainly not the H&S image)
#

===Further discussion===
I support having a picture on top, I don't really see what the problem with it would be. I don't wish to make any detailed argument over exactly which image file to use, but I have reservations over symbols directly taken from the flag of the USSR. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 22:35, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

''Proposal:'' What about a [[red flag]]? Such as [[:Image:Red flag waving transparent.png]], or an [[SVG]] could be created, perhaps based on [[:Image:BlackFlagSymbol.svg]]. Is a red flag not an option? I recall this template once featured [[:Image:Red flag waving transparent.png]]. Thoughts? —[[User:Dylan Lake|Dylan]] [[User talk:Dylan Lake|Lake]] 21:43, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
::It was (and should be) on {{tl|socialism}}, doubling it here would create confusing. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 23:01, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

''Proposal:'' What about the following? [[Image:Hnsnewproposal.PNG|right]]
The image, which of course needs to be cleaned up graphically, is based on the symbol used by the comintern and their affiliates. IMHO, it would be representative of communism as an international movement. It also incorporates the [[red star]], which is essentially in communist iconography. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 12:36, 4 February 2007 (UTC)
:No. I promise that images associated with marginal sects are not going to be used in the template. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 17:33, 4 February 2007 (UTC)
::1. stop trying to sound like you have any authority over other editors. 2. are you saying the comintern was a 'sect'? --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 06:39, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
[[Red flag]] is too broad, as is [[red star]]. They both represent socialism in general, not communism. Hammer and sickle is used by all varieties of communists, from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg Stalinists] to [http://www.redanarchist.org/ anarchist communists]. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 13:12, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
:::I agree. The hammer and sickle is a symbol widely associated with communism, and used by most branches of it. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 04:05, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

==Basic concepts==
===The template should have a brief list, including [[Marxism]], [[Leninism]], [[Communist party]] and [[Class struggle]]===
====Support====
===A longer list should used, including [[Marxism]], [[Mode of production]], [[Internationalism]], [[Class consciousness]], [[Class struggle]], [[General Strike]], [[Communist revolution]], [[World revolution]], [[Workers Council]] and [[Dictatorship of the Proletariat]] ([[Leninism]] should appear under the Schools of communism section)===
====Support====

===A longer list should used, including [[Mode of production]], [[Internationalism]], [[Class consciousness]], [[Class struggle]], [[General Strike]], [[Communist revolution]] and [[World revolution]] ([[Leninism]] and [[Marxism]] should appear under the Schools of communism section)===
====Support====
This is what I would support. Include '''all''' schools under "schools", not as "basic concepts," including Marxism and Leninism. Basic conepts should be universal, or so close to universal it won't matter. For the same reason, remove Dictatorship of the Proletariat to a different section, because many modern communists disagree. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 13:19, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

===This section should not be included; [[Marxism]] and [[Leninism]] should appear under the Schools of communism section===
====Support====
===Further discussion===
"Democratic centralism" and "Dictatorship of the proletariat" are not "basic concepts" of communism, so I move them to "Related subjects" where they belong. They're not removed from the template. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 17:27, 28 January 2007 (UTC)
:Whilst I agree with moving "democratic centralism", as it is a Leninist concept, and Leninism is not the only school of communism, I must ask - why is it that "dictatorship of the proletariat" is not a basic concept of Communism? It was espoused by Marx and Engels wasn't it? [[User:Chairman S.|Chairman S.]] [[User talk:Chairman S.|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Chairman_S.|Contribs]] 22:41, 28 January 2007 (UTC)
::Sometimes yes. But, for example, while he was in the International Workingmen's Association Marx never spoke of dictatorship of the proletariat. And many communists don't either. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 23:05, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
:::Marx and Engels were not the sole founders of communism, just its most politically powerful (and hence most recognisable) form. Many communists, especially those outside of Marxism (and even Marx himself for a while), did not and do not necessarily hold the DotP as a basic concept. Non-Marxists '''certainly''' don't hold Marxism as a basic concept. Only basi conepts of '''communism''', not of Marxism, should be included here. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 13:23, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

==Prominent communists==
===A brief list including [[Marx]], [[Engels]] and [[Lenin]] should be included===
====Support====
There is too much POV involved when trying to decide which communists (other than Marx, Engels, and Lenin) are prominent enough to appear. [[User:Chairman S.|Chairman S.]] [[User talk:Chairman S.|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Chairman_S.|Contribs]] 00:46, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
=====Support=====
Seconded, Rosa Luxemburg has very few followers and they are all splinted sects. While being a socialist female she hardly can be considered a communist. Her followers have never produced anything Material and do not exist in the vast majority of the world. On that same merit Mao and Fidel Castro.

Stalin should be included as well as a Leader who has built Marxist-Leninism socialism successfully.

I don´t see how Trotsky can be included nothing material has ever came out of a trotskyist group, other than being famous and writing a lot of silly books. But if Trotsky is included, [[Georgi Dimitrov]] sure as hell should be included. And [[Jose Carlos Mariategui]] too, the first true Latin American Marxist leader and theoritician.--[[User:CmrdMariategui|CmrdMariategui]] 01:39, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

===A longer list including [[Marx]], [[Engels]], [[Lenin]], [[Trotsky]], [[Luxemburg]] and some others to be decided should be included===
====Support====
I'd say Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky, Luxemburg and Mao. - [[User:C mon|C mon]] 10:17, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

:That looks about right to me. [[User:PubliusFL|PubliusFL]] 18:43, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

:I could also, as a compromise, settle for this list. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 19:26, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

:Same Here, looks like a good list. [[User:NBAwire:syxx|☭ moizkhan]] 23:49, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

::Sounds reasonable to me. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 00:56, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

:::That looks good to me too. [[User:Vision Thing|-- Vision Thing --]] 19:50, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

::::I support, although I think that you are '''terribly wrong''' putting Stalin here, from historical (his role in evicting communists from his ''entourage'') and philosophical (professed "ideas") point of view. [[User:Ziel|ziel]] [[User talk:Ziel|&]] 10:35, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

It's just POV. I think it should be deleted ; if kept, only Marx, Engels, Luxemburg, Lenin, Trotsky - as the title says. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 22:03, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

: I edit as said a week ago. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 22:39, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

::We're still not out on this, there is no consensus either way. Although we do not vote, 5-1 is not a consensus for the one editor. I have reverted your edit. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 22:44, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

:::I have to point out that [[Che Guevara]] was a prominent communist, no matter your opinion. You can't deny that. He should absolutely be included.
:::Stalin also has to be included; even though I don't consider him a communist at all, that's irrelevant.
:::And can we have at least one anarchist communist ([[Peter Kropotkin]] or [[Emma Goldman]] probably) on that there list? ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 13:26, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

::::I disagree with you on two points: what did Che contribute to communist thought? Not much. I agree with Stalin he ''is'' on this template with good reason. But third Kropotkin and Goldman were anarchist communists, which is a strand of anarchism not of communism. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 15:08, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
:::::Indeed Che didn't contribute to communist thought, and neither do stalin and mao... So why are they in this section ? --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 01:11, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
:::::The list isn't of "people who contributed to communist thought", it's a list of "prominent communists" That's the point I was trying to bring up in the below section. Did you read what I said there?
:::::And anarchist communism is a form of communism. That's why it's called anarchist '''communism'''. Marxists do not have the authority to decree what is and is not communism. Marxism [[:Template:Marxism|has its own template]] for exatly that reason. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 04:31, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
::::::As far as I know Che only wrote two books, and they were on guerrilla warfare. Stalin wrote dozen books on communism, and Mao is the father of [[Maoism]] so I don't know how you can say that he didn't make any contributions to communist theory. [[User:Vision Thing|-- Vision Thing --]] 15:37, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
===If Trotsky and Rosa Luxemburg are included then so should [[Georgi Dimitrov]], [[Ho Chi Minh]] and [[Jose Carlos Mariategui]]===

Reason, These two produced more material changes in the concepts of Marxism that produced positive results for the working class movement accross the world. Mariategui is famous for being a communist theoritician and leader whos works are read accross Latin America on the conditions which exist there and the conditions to struggle. He has inspired revolutionaries all accross Latin America with his Seven Essays on the Peruvian Reality. He lead the Socialist Party which later became the Communist Party of Perú, was bound in a wheel chair and is current a national hero of Perú with schools, roads, towns named after him. He did all this having died in his early 30s.

And Dimitrov, was leader of the Comintern, wrote the masterpiece the United Front at the 7th congress of the Comintern a tactic which is still practised by every serious communist in the world today. And he defended himself in Nazi Germany about the burning of the reichstag, so brillantly he turned the Trial around in an international spotliggt put the whole Nazi Government on Trial in the proceedings against him. As a result of the international pressure and embarassment dealt to the Nazi government he was found innocent and held for months in prison after the innocent verdict. He lead the Bulgarian Communist Party and was later the president of Bulgaria.--[[User:CmrdMariategui|CmrdMariategui]] 01:51, 26 May 2007 (UTC)
:I'm not convinced. So they are influential for communism: so was [[Anton Pannekoek]]. The list used here is a staple list of the most famous communists. The consensus about this is very precarious. I've decided to revert your actions until consensus is reached. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 06:48, 26 May 2007 (UTC)
::I don´t consider Rosa Luxemburg to be an influential or famous communist. Her contrabutions to history and theory was non-existant at best harmful at worst. Leon Trotsky is obviously famous, but his legacy is being a rally point for attacking communisms in practise. However even if fame is an issue, ask any communist party member if they know who Georgi Dimitrov is, or ask anyone in a South America Leftist group if they know who Mariategui is. Then the fame gage still applies. But I still don´t think Fame should be the only merit for including communists, if so definately Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and Ho Chi Minh. These two both contradibuted strongly to Marxist-Leninist theory and they both made a huge impact on history. I fail to see any of Rosa Luxemburg´s ideas impacted history in a significant way. Only a few European groups and a canadian one say they are Luxemburgist, and they have not ever attained a position of power or support in their whole history. However clerely Dimitrov and Mariategui did. I don´t think you can compare Anton Pannenkoek impact to the likes of Dimitrov or Mariategui. These two are on a whole new level. Anton Pannenkoek´s impact is limited even less than Rosa Luxemburg. In fact perhaps including Ho Chi Minh would be a good idea too.
--[[User:CmrdMariategui|CmrdMariategui]] 15:37, 26 May 2007 (UTC)
:::This is non-sense. Luxemburg is one of the most important marxists theorists !
:::[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leninism&diff=133047615&oldid=133035307 Re-write History] isn't a part of Wikipedia's policies. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 00:03, 27 May 2007 (UTC)
:: More so than Jose Carlos mariategui or Georgi Dimitrov? These two changed the face of communist movements accross the world. Dimitrov with being leader of the Comintern and his amazing writing on the United front. and Mariategui on the conditions of the proletariat movement in Latin America.--[[User:190.40.116.132|190.40.116.132]] 18:30, 27 May 2007 (UTC)
:::More than those two, obviously... --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 18:32, 27 May 2007 (UTC)
::: Not including Mariategui is an insult to all us South American communists.
--[[User:190.40.116.132|190.40.116.132]] 18:34, 27 May 2007 (UTC)
::::And not including Pannekoek, Gramsci ?
::::I think we should only put Marx, Engels, Luxemburg, and Lenin. If others are to be included, then we're going for 10 or 15 names. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 18:37, 27 May 2007 (UTC)
::::Luxemburg´s contributions to history is almost non existant outside of Germany. With the exception of 5 groups world wide. Which have never brought about change in their countries. Adding Luxemburg and not adding Mariategui or Dimitrov is insulting. Ho Chi Minh brought fundamental changes to the conditions of Millions of people in South East Asia, is well known by Communist and Anti-Communist alike. Dimitrov lead the comintern and the contributions in the United Front brought the communist movement 10 years forward in tactics. Luxemburgist in their 90 year history took a minor part in an failed uprising in 1919 Germany. Mariategui organized the first major marxist party in South America. He is recongized as a national hero of Perú. And his works on the 7 essays advanced marxist theory in the Semi-Colony and colonial world. Has inspired uprising accross south America and communist and socialist parties accross south america follow his ideas. Luxemburgists ideas are followed by Sects in the Left Communists movement.--CmrdMariategui 00:49, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
:Marx, Engels and Lenin are regarded as important political leaders and theorists by almost all communists and must be included. Of the remainder, Trotsky, Stalin and Mao have had the most impact. I'd support removing Luxemburg, while the additions of Mariategui, Ho Chi Minh and Dimitrov are of primarily of regional or national importance. There are a huge number of figures who are of similar importance to them, and we need to stick the most significant individuals only. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 16:35, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
: The removal of Luxemburg is acceptable by almost all except some spartacus sects. So lets remove her then.'' Unsigned comment by CmrdMariategui''
::!!! Rosa Luxemburg is included in all templates about Communism, in every languages. The removal is absolutly unfair. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 19:30, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
I think's it's clear that we '''do not''' have consesus to add [[Georgi Dimitrov]], [[Ho Chi Minh]] and [[Jose Carlos Mariategui]] to this template. --[[User:DuncanBCS|Duncan]] 05:31, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

===This section should not be included===
====Support====
===Further discussion===
Do we really want a list of "prominent communists"? Judging by the discussion, I'd say "prominent theoreticians" is more along the lines of what people are arguing for. With the former, it is practially necessary to inlude [[Che Guevara]]. People don't seem to be mentioning him at all though. If theoreticians are preferred, change the list to that. Even better, have two lists. One of theoreticians (Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky, Mao, Kropotkin is my recommendation) and one of prominent communists who weren't theoreticians (Che, Luxembourg, that American woman whose name I don't know ...). ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 13:35, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
:"that American woman whose name I don't know" doesn't make for a very strong argument for her inclusion! Are you thinking of [[Elizabeth Gurley Flynn]], or possibly [[Helen Keller]]? Neither has anything like the prominence of the people currently listed. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 16:57, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
::I think he means [[Emma Goldman]], an anarchist (or anarcho-communist). But this template clearly to kind of communism supportive of the [[Russian Revolution]] and not anarchist who wrote stuff like [[My Disillusionment in Russia]]. For those people there is the [[:template:anarchism]]. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 17:04, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
:::But this isn't a Marxism template. Besides, many anarcho-communists were (initially) supportive of the Russian Revolution. The challenge anarcho-communism needs to meet is sufficient notability, not support for a particular event. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 04:02, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
::::No, I know Goldman's name. I was almost certainly thinking of [[Elizabeth Gurley Flynn]], thank you for that, Warofdreams. I knew it was a victim of McCarthyism I was thinking of anyway. She was a famous American, founded the ACLU, political prisoner, etc. That seems to be her. I'm actually quite ignorant of America when it comes to stuff like that, which is why I couldn't remember her name. But (co-)founding the ACLU is pretty big, isn't it?
::::Anyway, whether or not she's included, there would be people. Perhaps Stalin would belong there, as he made little contribution to theory, only to practice? I don't know entirely. But this is the kind of thing I'm thinking of. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 05:17, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

=== Remove Luxemburg due to no popularity outside of Germany and Sects===

Luxemburgs addition only serves a small ideological interest. In Latin America, Africa, or Asia there is not a single group that follows her ideology. In Europe, and North America, there is small sects of 5-10 people. She is covered in the Left communist section, but I fail to see how she is more important than other left communists. Or even Leninist communists such as Georgi Dimitrov or José Carlos Mariategui from appearing on the list. Her inclusion is very eurocentric. Anti-communists and Non-communists have not will have never heard this name before. Her contributions to history in a material sense is a small part in a failed uprising in 1919 germany. And since then those claiming to be descendants of her theories have made '''absolutely''' no impact on history, positive or negative. If some will argue include her because she is a female socialist, I would like to point out she is not the only one.--CmrdMariategui 17:28, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
: It serves a big encyclopaedic interest. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 19:31, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
: Luxemburg should remain. Her work on imperialism, the party and the national question had a lasting international influence on communists. She is also a major influence on Trotskyists. --[[User:DuncanBCS|Duncan]] 05:38, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
::Then include that in the Trotskyist bar, not the communist bar. Because oif thats the case I´ll include Dimitrov for his works on the United Front which all Leninists communist parties include in their program.

==Communist groups==
===A section entitled "Communist internationals", including the [[Communist League]], [[First International]], [[Comintern]] and [[Fourth International]] should be included===
International links have been vitally important to communism, and these are the four most prominent international organisations. They are all well-known and have had genuine significance, both in organisational terms, and in developing communist theory. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 21:19, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
:I support that for the reasons given. We should also include the [[Second International]]. --[[User:DuncanBCS|Duncan]] 05:40, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

====Support====
Include the World Federation of Democratic Youth its the largest active organization of young communist leagues or anything to do with communists in the world today.
:I oppose the unsigned comment above: the WFDY isn't an international. --[[User:DuncanBCS|Duncan]] 05:40, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
:: Since no-one supports this addition, I will remove it. --[[User:DuncanBCS|Duncan]] 11:36, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

===An extended section entitled "Communist organizations", also including the [[Communist Workers International]] and the [[International Communist Party]], should be included===
====Support====
===This section should not be included===
====Support====
I think its best to leave this section out altogether. The listing creates a false feeling of continunity, that there is a gradually development from 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 (portraying the Trotskyists in a POV manner). The first international existed prior to the break between marxism, anarchism and social democracy, and cannot be said to be classified as a 'communist organization' in the modern sense. Really only Comintern is notable on its own for inclusion, and thus I think its best to scrap the section altogether. Perhaps a substitute could be 'History of Communism' with Paris Commune, October Revolution, Comintern, Chinese Revolution, Fall of USSR etc. ? --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 22:33, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
:Agreed. It's best to keep the template as simple as possible, and information about the various internationals will only be useful to a small number of individuals, who can simply look up the relevant pages themselves. [[User:Chairman S.|Chairman S.]] [[User talk:Chairman S.|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Chairman_S.|Contribs]] 00:44, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
::The Internationals indeed create a false sense of continuity but as will a historic list which includes the Paris Commune. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 10:17, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
:::Yeah, remove this section. It's not doing any real good. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 13:40, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

===Further discussion===

== Template format suggestion ==

I suggest to section the template according to major issues:

*Ideology , for major trends
*Fundamentals
**Philosophy, for philosophical fundamentals
**Politics, for political issues, like, revolution, etc.
**Economy
*International
*Related subjects

Comment: I would like to suggest that [[Stalinism]] or [[Titoism]] are '''not''' "schools" of communism in traditional understanding of the word "school" as applied to a branch of a teaching. In terms of communist theory, Stalin and Tito contributed not very much. During Stalin's era the "Stalinism" was a tribute to personality cult, nowadays it became a political slur.

Therefore I suggest to put the "schools" under the header of "Ideology", because there is no common supercategory for all these "-isms": some differ in theory, but others only in politics or economy. `'[[user:mikkalai|mikka]] 20:31, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
:Support 100%. --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 20:32, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
:Support 100% as well. Good point about the use of the word 'school.' While a loose definition of the term 'school' refers to a group of persons who follow a common ideology, Mikka clearly establishes that changing the heading to 'ideology' is preferable. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 21:02, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
:It is obvious, but somehow unpopular. [[User:Ziel|ziel]] [[User talk:Ziel|&]] 15:02, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

After looking somewhat further, I see more problems with the structure of the template. The the section "Fundamentals" (which I cut out of "related subjects") is in fact but a small piece of what is listed in {{tl|Marxism}}. So I guess it is quite redundant.

Alternatively, this section may list only issues immediately related to communsim. Eg. "[[Modes of production]]" is part of a larger picture within Marxism, since it is applicable to all forms of society. Therefore it must be removed.

Please suggest changes along this line. But please without polls for now. They only unnecessarily clutter the talk page and must be used sparingly. The most sure way to reach a consensus is to start from identifying '''common general''' positions rather than headlong into branching of opinions 1,2,3,4... for details. `'[[user:mikkalai|mikka]] 21:57, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
:Agree 100% again. Polls only cutter the page. Mode of production belongs in the Marxism template, not here. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 22:05, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

::Can I ask why we might start by suggesting changes to the present template, which has no consensus, and in my view is rather unattractive? The approach above has been yielding lots of information on what are common general positions; I'm not sure how the template in its present state does that. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 04:12, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
:::Templates must serve their function and be encyclopedic before looking attractive. Image:Hammer and sickle.svg had been in the template for months. The current template avoids using it to discourage at least one user from reinserting the unrepresentative Image:Hnsvariation.PNG over and over again. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 11:25, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Ok, I'd like to comment here, but the talk page is almost impenetrable. The current version of the infobox looks pretty bad. The red-on-white is not nearly as good as the previous red/light red/white version. I can't understand the opposition to the red-yellow hammer and sickle. The centralised layout was much nicer, with the '·' points. We should probably link to some high level lists, e.g. "[[List of Communist parties]]". - [[User:f-m-t|Francis Tyers]] [[User_talk:f-m-t|·]] 12:17, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
:Let's start talking about the contents first. We are not a porn site to make the page attractive. Then we can make things prettier. IMO it doesn't matter which hammer/sickle will be on top. These petty talk about colors heavily distracted from the purpose of wikipedia altogether, namely, delivering of information. Therefore until the content of the template will be established I suggest to stop artistic talks. `'[[user:mikkalai|mikka]] 16:29, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Now, back to communism. I accidentally noticed the {{tl|Left_communism}}. It also heavily overlaps with Marxism and Communism templates. Isn't it time to get together and make some common sense with all these communisms? By the way, is there any "right communism" or "centrist communism" or other? Is there a place where they all are listed? Is there wikiproject Communism? (I see there exists [[Portal:Communism]]), whose colors remind me colors of [[Red Army]] (red, yellow and black). Are these really colors of communism? Indeed, communists must hire good marketing guys (now these are colors of blood and shit :-). `'[[user:mikkalai|mikka]] 16:29, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
:[[Left communism]] is a pretty distinct ideology; its supporters often regard themselves as the only true communists, but the template isn't a rival to this one. When you mention right communism, are you thinking of the [[Right Opposition]]? It's not counterposed to left communism, but to the [[Left Opposition]]. Centrism within communism is discussed under [[centrism]], but it's a pejorative term, so it wouldn't be appropriate to have a template for it. Oh, and it's not a coincidence that colour of communism is the colour of blood - see [[red flag]]. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 17:57, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
:"colors of blood and shit" - no, they're the colors of "the blood of angry men" and "the dark of ages past." Or of "a world about to dawn" and "the night that ends at last." ;-) [[User:PubliusFL|PubliusFL]] 18:47, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
::I would not like to insist on the Smurfs, but they are the only creatures I can think of that have an essential link to some colour. Red is fine if it fits from aesthetic point of view, but has little value otherwise. [[User:Ziel|ziel]] [[User talk:Ziel|&]] 15:02, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
:::Red has always been the colour strongly associated with socialism and communism. Are you seriously arguing otherwise? [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 15:43, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
::::It was, it still is, but it is '''inessential'''; this whole discussion about colours and, above all, pictures became quite comic, didn't it? No-one would be mislead if we kept it white and neutral! people can read, and they want a transparent, easy to use tool, and not the consensual version of the Truth About Genuine Colours of the Real Communism. Keep talking about the content of the template, this part is relevant. I am dropping out. [[User:Ziel|ziel]] [[User talk:Ziel|&]] 18:12, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
:::::I don't see the problem. Above all, colours and pictures ''look good''. That's why infoboxes, templates, and images are so well liked. Even if it's not necessarym we like it, editors and readers alike. Add to that the intrinsic value of visual information - makes a link in the reader's mind, grabs attention, etc. It connects the subject with a clearly recognisable colour or image, so the subject "gets it". There's no reason to remove colours and images entirely over a minor issue like this. Whether we decide on my preference of red and white or not, I am opposed to removing colours and images entirely. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 05:31, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

===Communism-related templates===
Warofdreams wrote: "[[Left communism]] is a pretty distinct ideology ... but the template isn't a rival to this one". I am not talking about "rivalling" of templates. I am talking about making order in navigation. [[Left communism]] is communism, yes/no? {{tl|communism}} or something else must be clearly set as a common denominator. Further, {{tl|communism}} lists both "Left communism" and "Council communism". If they are different branches, then why [[Council communism]] is templated with {{tl|left_communism}}? What I am saying is that the collection communsim-related templates must be treated as a whole interrelated one.

Also, I would suggest to take a look at the design of {{tl|Sultans of Ottoman Empire}}, with its groups and show/hide funstion, possibly other advanced design of naviration boxes.

So I guess, this talk must be continued in the communism portal or project, not here. BTW, does there exsist a list all communism-related templates? I suspect no. `'[[user:mikkalai|mikka]] 18:36, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
:Left communism is a subset of communism; the template is useful in the same way as [[Template:Trotskyism]] is. [[Template talk:Left communism]] might be a good place to pose some of your queries. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 18:49, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

==Ideologies==
What is a current inclusion criterion for this section? According to 172, only the ideologies which appear in the entry on Communism of at least one major encyclopedia or sourcebook should be included. [[Left communism]], [[Council communism]] and [[Anarchist communism]] doesn't seem to satisfy that criteria. [[User:Vision Thing|-- Vision Thing --]] 13:19, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
:I think [[Left communism]] should be included, it was an significant tendency. Anarchist communism is a subtrend of anarchism, not of communism. Moreover, Stalinism should be removed from the list. Stalinism is not a distinct ideological school, it is a term more used as a derogative. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 12:38, 4 February 2007 (UTC)
::No, Stalinism continued to have a following among "anti-revisionists" following the 20th Congress speech in 1956. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 17:35, 4 February 2007 (UTC)
:::But the anti-revisionists never themselves used the concept of Stalinism as self-identification. The term is solely used as a slur, and should not be included in the listing. --[[User:Soman|Soman]] 06:41, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
I don't see any reason to not include [[left communism]], [[council communism]] and [[anarchist communism]] if, say, [[Titoism]] and [[eurocommunism]] are to be included. They're just as marginal. I think all the ideologies, exepting any possible incredibly speific, fringe ideologies (such as a specific type of a specific type of Trotskyism which is at odds with all other Trotskyisms, for example) should be included. I can't think of any such ideologies, but they probably exist. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 13:55, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
:Just to clarfiy, Titoism and Eurocommunism are not marginal ideologies. Titoism was the ideology of an influential president and his ruling political party, while eurocommunism has been the ideology of several parties within governing coalitions. Neither can be said of [[left communism]], [[council communism]] or [[anarchist communism]]. -- [[User:WGee|WGee]] 21:54, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
::So, for anarchist communism and council communism to be included, we'll just have to wait for a ruling or co-ruling party to take hold in their names, eh? That's not biased at all; thanks for the rationale. Titoism is not exatly practiced or promoted widely, often relegated to the ''Stalinism'' slur, and eurocommunism is a blanket term for Western European reformist parties, not an ideology. I don't see either as more relevant than left communism at all, or even council and anarchist communism. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 05:23, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
:::I don´t see why Titoism needs to be included, as its not an ideology its a slur against throse who follow tito´s ideas. And Eurocommunism is not really a communist ideology is a social democratic ideology. Council Communism, is already covered under Left Communism. --CmrdMariategui 00:59, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
::I agree on "Totoism". "Eurocommunism" should be on "related subjects". --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 19:33, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
::::Titoism is the name generally accepted for Tito's communist ideology. I removed [[Neo-Marxism]] from the template since its article isn't defining it as an ideology. [[User:Vision Thing|-- Vision Thing --]] 20:47, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

== The red bar ==

[[User:Zahir0617|Zahir0617]] asked on the [[Talk:Communism]] about the red bar, and I think it's a valid question. It appears to encompass everything in the box, even though the section on the bottom isn't communism and not necessarily red. I think we should have another red bar before those items. Comments? [[User:Xiner|Xiner]] ([[User talk:Xiner|talk]], [[Special:Emailuser/Xiner|email]]) 14:53, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

== Anarcho-communism==
From anarcho-communism "Anarchist communism is a form of anarchism that advocates the abolition of the State and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which everyone will be free to satisfy his or her needs." 
It seems therefore obvious that it should not be on this template, which concerns communism, while anarcho-communism is a strand of anarchism. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 12:12, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
:Anarchist communism is also a form of communism. That's why it's called ''anarchist '''communism''''', the intro contains a link to [[communism]], and it has this very same bloody communism template we're talking about now.
:Seeing as forms of anarchism an '''only ever at all''' be types of anarchism, how about we dissociate [[anarcho-syndicalism]] from [[syndicalism]], [[green anarchism]] from [[green politics]], and [[anarcha-feminism]] from [[feminism]] too? Obviously none of those forms of ''anarchism'' are forms of the other ideologies.
:I'm finding it very hard not to make a [[WP:NPA|personal attack]] here, and your "obvious" this and "clearly" that isn't helping. You said above that "''this template clearly to kind of communism supportive of the [[Russian Revolution]]''." Nothing could be further from the truth (not to mention that Goldman did support the October Revolution, at least initially). As Warofdreams already explained, this is a '''communism''' template, concerned with all forms of communism; for a template on '''Marxism''', see [[:Template:Marxism]]. ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 12:54, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

::First off, Marxism should be distinguished from communism. Mensjeviks, orthodox marxists and revisionist marxists did not support the Russian Revolution, which caused the political split between communism and socialism. Marxism is not a substrand of communism.
::Second, your argument is mainly based on a linguistic similarity: they're both called commuism. The case for green anarchism and anarcha-feminism is different however. They co-developped with feminism and green politics (note however that green anarchism is not the {{tl|Greens}}). Anarcho-communism existed before the political split between communism and socialism (which occured around 1917-1918) when communism, socialism and social-democracy were all equivalent (the Dutch communist party f.i. was first called [[Social Democratic Party (Netherlands)|Social Democratic Party]]).
::Therefore the link between anarcho-communism and communism as a separate political ideology is tenuous.
::As a compromise we could put it in the see also section of the template, but implying it is a substrand of communism (as putting it in the "ideologies"-section implies) is obviously based on fallacy.
::Please remember that wikipedia is based around [[WP:CIVIL|civility]] and that there is no need to curse or swear.
::[[User:C mon|C mon]] 13:59, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

:::I don't have an argument. My argument is based on inherent evidence. Regardless of when anarchist communism was first proposed, it is patently still a form of communism, "''an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization, based upon common ownership of the means of production.''" Your argument, until now, has been "it's anarchism so it's not communism duh that's obvious," which was not the most credible of opinions.
:::I think it yourself who is trying to ''separate'' the two based on linguistics, with talk of the change in meaning of terms like ''social democracy''.
:::I can't help but see this as you trying to make this template relate to "a-certain-definition-of-communism-that-is-much-narrower-than-the-broader,-basic-meaning," viz. [[Marxism-Leninism]].
:::History is irrelevant in this debate; are anarchist communists communists or not? Yes, they are. You're the only one disagreeing, apparently on the basis of the faulty assumption that since ''communism'' had a different meaning then (which, largely, it didn't; democratic socialism and social demoracy, and to a lesser extent socialism, did if anything), it refers to something which is not communism.
:::As you are alone in your argument, could you kindly explain why it is that anarchist communism is not a form of communism, which you have so far failed to do? ~[[User:SwitChar|Switch]] [[User talk:SwitChar|t]] [[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|c]] [[User:SwitChar/Gallery|g]] 14:44, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
::: Anarcho-Communism is a form of Anarchism, I am 100% sure all people who consider themselves Anarcho-communists group themselves as anarchists rather than communists. And in terms of modern usage of the word communist rather than the usage in 19th centurary its clear that it describes Marxists of some form or another. In any sense of the word they would be considered Communalists in modern descriptions and definations rather than communists. If this is not true why is the Anarchist Template on the Anarcho-communism page rather than the Communist one? If someone is really a clear believer that anarcho-communism is a form of communism than they would support too putting the communist template on the page rather than the anarchist one--[[User:CmrdMariategui|CmrdMariategui]] 16:14, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

==Juche==
Vision Thing reinserted "[[Juche]]" under the template category of major communist ideologies, stating in his edit summary, "I don't mind inclusion of left and council communism if Juche is included too." In other words, Vision Thing is purportedly inserting "Juche," a North Korean slogan which lacks a serious international following, to make a point objecting to the inclusion of 'left and council communism,' which also lack a major international following. This type of editing is a clear-cut example of WP:POINT. Vision Thing should be admonished to build a consensus on the talk page, if he seriously believes that 'left and council communism' do not belong on the template. Disrupting the encyclopedia to make his point, however, is an inappropriate means of building this consensus. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 06:05, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
:I agree with Vision Thing, both council and left communism and juche are marginal, therefore include them all or include non of them. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 07:48, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
::Right, either we should include all marginal currents or we should exclude them all. Worst solution is to include some and exclude others. [[User:Vision Thing|-- Vision Thing --]] 11:14, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
:::No, the way to fix two problems is not to create a third problem. That is the point about WP:POINT. I will go ahead and be bold, removing all three problems. Hopefully by now the ultra-leftist activists have moved on, deciding to POV a different page. [[User:172|172]] | [[User talk:172|Talk]] 12:18, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
::Left communism and Council communism are currents existing in many countries since the 1920's !
:::It doesn't matter how old they are, but how important they are.[[User:Vision Thing|-- Vision Thing --]] 19:15, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
::They're important since more than 80 years, deleting them is not acceptable. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 15:36, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

==Neoconservativsm==
::I don't understand why Neoconservatism should be here ? --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 11:25, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
:::My guess is that it was either a joke, or a reference to the tenuous connection that some neoconservatives were once Trotskyists. Either way, there's no case for it being on the template. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 22:10, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
Neoconservatism emerged as a Schactmanite branch of Trotskyism that dropped Communist imagery to better defend the permanent revolution against Stalin and assorted Middle Eastern nationalists. It fits as much as [[New Left]] [[User:Yakuman|Yakuman]] 04:50, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
:But although that has been claimed, it has no basis in reality. While there are a couple of former supporters of Shachtman who are now neoconservatives, the link is extremely slender. On the other hand, most of the New Left identified as communists of one sort or another. [[User:Warofdreams|Warofdreams]] ''[[User talk:Warofdreams|talk]]'' 02:50, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

==Stalinism==
I hate to be "that guy", but no one ever seems to listen when someone points out correctly that Stalinism is not an ideology. Disclosing my own beliefs right away - I'm a Council Communist - I'd like to make it clear that my objection to Stalinism being on the template is not that it is an abhorrent distortion of Marxism (as the same could be said of Leninism et al). Instead, as the [[Stalinism]] article points out, '"Stalinism", strictly speaking, refers to an interpretation of a style of government, rather than an ideology'. The same could be said of [[Titoism]]; and likewise, strictly defining terms, [[Religious communism]] is not an ideology either. I firmly believe that Stalin should remain in the "Prominent Communists" section, but as far as the term "Ideology" is concerned the three aforementioned articles may better belong in the "Related Subjects" section. --[[User:Kronecker|Kronecker]] 09:53, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
:I agree - except for the "Prominent Communists" which should include only Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Rosa Luxemburg, and Vladimir Lenin. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 09:22, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
::Stalinism is not an ideology, no, so it probably should be moved. However, [[religious communism]] - while not an ideology itself - is a family of related ideologies and forms of communism. I don't much mind where it is included, but I feel strongly that it should. ~ [[User:SwitChar|Switch]] ([[User talk:SwitChar|✉]][[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|✍]][[User:SwitChar/Gallery|☺]]) 07:50, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
:::An ideology is (according to wikipedia) "organized collection of ideas". Stalinism is an organized collection of ideas most prominently "socialism in one country" and the "aggrevation of class struggle under socialism" which were important in the USSR, Soviet satelite states and European communist parties. Please '''explain''' how Stalinism is not an ideology! [[User:C mon|C mon]] 08:41, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
::::It's not an organised system of ideas, it's a state of political and economic affairs under a certain administration. Compare [[totalitarianism]]. ~ [[User:SwitChar|Switch]] ([[User talk:SwitChar|✉]][[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|✍]][[User:SwitChar/Gallery|☺]]) 01:17, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
::One wonders why nearly European communist parties (none of which were governing at the time) ''destalinized'' in the 1970s and 1980s radically changing their political course? I think we have enough hearsay here, can any one provide any external references to stalinism being an ideology or something different? [[User:C mon|C mon]] 07:33, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
:::[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9069379/Stalinism Encyclopædia Britannica] - I found this very quickly and I think it proves my point that it is not an 'ideology' ''per se''. Of course, I could have visited any Trot site on the internet to find the same information, but I figured you'd want a reputable source. --[[User:Kronecker|Kronecker]] 09:34, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

== Soviet Banner ==

This is in regards to the image under the communism banner; I believe it to be a derisive and inappropriate banner for articles based on this school of thought for the following reasons. First, the image of the hammer and cycle, while the banner of the (arguably) most famous Marxist nation in history, also represents, in the minds of may people, authoritarianism and oppression, thusly it becomes a negative communicative act, in that the image characterizes the whole of Marxism, as supportive of the policies of the Soviet Union (the aforementioned country). However the Soviet paradigm was drastically different from Marx’s vision, in that firstly that nation was perpetually mired in the dictatorship of the proletariat stage, never making an effort to abolish the state or indeed class. Secondly it is my contention that there are many other images which could, and should be used, (a photo of Marx?) which are not as derisive and do not encourage a, frankly, incorrect view of communism as a school of thought. Thusly because the current image represents a negative communicative act, which inherently goes against the “NPOV” ideal of Wikipedia, and since there are many images which comply with NPOV, in that they do not conjure biased thoughts/images, I believe that the image should be changed. —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/143.88.161.39|143.88.161.39]] ([[User talk:143.88.161.39|talk]]) 03:46, 28 April 2007 (UTC).
:What are you, a twelve-year-old with a thesaurus? Writing with such a convoluted prose style not only obscures your point, it prematurely gives readers the impression that ''you have absolutely no idea what you are talking about''. This template relates to the Communist movement, there is a [[Template:Marxist theory|different template]] that deals with pages relating to Marxist theory. The Communist movement, both historically and currently, has used the hammer and sickle (not 'cycle'), or things similar to it, to symbolize itself. --[[User:Kronecker|Kronecker]] 06:01, 28 April 2007 (UTC)
I may have made a slight mistake in my spelling of sickle, sorry, however that does not change a few central facts. Take into account that, religious communism is also bunched in this series; I hardly think that the hammer and cycle is appropriate for that movement. Indeed with so many schools of thought lumped into this series that any image might be inappropriate; indeed grouping these schools of thought grouped together in a series might be inappropriate. In any case I strongly urge someone to either change or remove the current banner image, which is associated, in the minds of readers, irrevocably with the Soviet Union, in favor of a less derisive image or, better yet, lack of image.
:Until you can spell 'sickle' correctly (you wrote 'cycle' again) and refrain from over/mis-using the word 'derisive', why should anyone pay attention to you or the asinine arguments you've reiterated on this page, [[Talk:Das Kapital]] and [[Talk:Communism]]? You are wrong; stop changing the template. --[[User:Kronecker|Kronecker]] 06:42, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

My arguments are hardly asinine, even if I mess up on spell-check (as I’m sure we all have at one time or another). The fact is that you’re using an image which is basically the Soviet flag. The Soviet Union has been so demonized that using an image associated with it does, in fact, constitute a negative communicative act. Why should anyone listen to your immature insults? You sir have not made any statements to counter my argument, instead you have perpetuated an attitude which has kept Wikipedia from gaining legitimacy in the eyes of the academic community. The Soviet banner should be removed, the template looks fine without an image and casual readers are not greeted by an image which is clearly associated with a reviled entity like the Soviet Union. Sickle, sickle, sickle.

==Reduced Footprint==

I reduced the footprint of the template by removing some redundant uses of the word "communism" and moving items on to one line where possible. Would it be a good idea to also move Titoism to ideology? [[User:Neitherday|Neitherday]] 00:09, 8 May 2007 (UTC)
:Off course Titoism should be in the ideology section as should Juche and Stalinism. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 07:33, 8 May 2007 (UTC)
::I believe we have already showed that Stalinism is not an ideology. Juche and Titoism, on the other hand, are ideologies. ~ [[User:SwitChar|Switch]] ([[User talk:SwitChar|✉]][[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|✍]][[User:SwitChar/Gallery|☺]]) 08:04, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
:::I moved Juche and Titoism into ideology, as seems to be consensus. I also moved the "Basic Concepts" section to the top, as it generally makes sense to start out with the basics. [[User:Neitherday|Neitherday]] 15:35, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
::It's less understandable : "Council", "Religious" ?
::"Communist state" isn't a "basic concept" of Communism, since Communism means that there's no state at all...
::Quoting Kronecker : "Juche doesn't even claim to be Communist, while Titoism is exactly like Stalinism in as much as it describes a practical system of government instead of a coherent theory". --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 19:10, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
::"Anti-communism" and "Criticisms of communism" are nearly twice the same thing. I think only one should be kept. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 19:14, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
:::Most political series' infoboxes start out with different schools or ideologies. Ideologies should remain on top.
:::Juche, I'm glad to see, has no controversy surrounding its classification as an ideology. It is considered communist by most sources, so regardless of its lack of claim (as opposed to counter-claim, which would make a difference) it should stay. Titoism is more controversial, but I would say it is considered an ideology: [[Edvard Kardelj]], says ''Britannica'', was "the chief '''ideological''' theoretician of ... Titoism".
:::I'd be inclined to keep Anti-Communism over Criticism. I think it's more notable.
:::Ditch Communist state from the "Basic concepts" section, as various communist ideologies actually vehemently '''oppose''' it.
:::I don't find "Council", "Religious" etc. confusing at all, but don't prefer them either. If all links could be either as adjectives - "Marxist" for "Marxist communism" linking to [[Marxism]] just as "Left" is for "[[Left communism]]" - or as nouns - "Marxism"; I'm not sure what the "___ communism" links would beome in this case if the "communism" is still excluded - it would be good. Mixing them as the current template does is confusing.
:::In any case, if the abbreviated versions are kept it would make sense to separate the different ideologies with bullets or en dashes; currently looks like there's a "Left Council" link. ~ [[User:SwitChar|Switch]] ([[User talk:SwitChar|✉]][[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|✍]][[User:SwitChar/Gallery|☺]]) 10:35, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
::::The reason for the truncated names is that this template is a navigation feature and should strive to take up as little room as reasonably possible in the article. Navigation templates that are too long tend to push other article elements out of place, reducing the quality of the articles that use the templates. I do agree with you, however, that bullets or en dashes may be a good idea. [[User:Neitherday|Neitherday]] 15:49, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
:::Communist state should be added back. While in theory the state should cease to exist, in practice large communist societies have always included a powerful state. [[User:Neitherday|Neitherday]] 01:26, 13 May 2007 (UTC)
::That's a POV : "communist societies", where, when ? --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 15:47, 13 May 2007 (UTC)
:::The fact that the Soviet Union (whose symbol is found at the top of the template), China, Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam, East Germany, etc. had powerful state institutions is not POV. [[User:Neitherday|Neitherday]] 17:04, 13 May 2007 (UTC)
::::Calling them "communist", on the other hand, ''is'' POV. And the fact that it is a part of practice rather than theory should unequivocally disqualify it from the "Concepts" section. ~ [[User:SwitChar|Switch]] ([[User talk:SwitChar|✉]][[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|✍]][[User:SwitChar/Gallery|☺]]) 08:56, 14 May 2007 (UTC)
:::::Howe is calling the Soviet Union, China, or Cuba "communist" POV? They called themselves communists, their enemies called them communists, their allies called them communists. The only people who don't are a few neo-communists that don't think the former and current communist states are or were pure enough. Not calling those state communists would be POV. If the Soviet Union wasn't communist, why is the hammer and sickle on the top of this template?
:::::Second, basic concepts aren't just from theory, they are also from practice. The communist state is a basic concept of communism in practice. [[User:Neitherday|Neitherday]] 14:16, 14 May 2007 (UTC)
::::I agree with SwitCh.
::::No, they called themselves socialists, their enemies called them communists - or state capitalists - or bureaucrats (...), their allies called them socialists. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 16:30, 14 May 2007 (UTC)
:::::The Soviet Union was run by the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]. Seems to me they were calling themselves communists. [[User:Neitherday|Neitherday]] 19:33, 14 May 2007 (UTC)
::::But they call their politics Socialist, that's what I meant. --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 10:38, 15 May 2007 (UTC)
:::::What they called their political party is a very good indication of what they called their politics, and they called their political party the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]. Sure they referred to themselves as socialists, but [[communism#The emergence of modern communism|evolved from socialism]] and may even be seen as a subset of socialism, for which reason the Soviet Union sometimes used the term "socialism" as well as using the more common term "communism". Communism is the more specific term.
:::::Are there any [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] that say the Soviet Union was not communist? If you are able to come up with any, I'm sure that for each you came up with I could come up with at least 20 that say it was (and that is an extremely conservative estimate). —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Neitherday|Neitherday]] ([[User talk:Neitherday|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Neitherday|contribs]]) 12:57, 15 May 2007 (UTC).
::::::Many communists, from the early days of the USSR, have not considered it communist: [[Trotskyism|Trots]], [[anarchist communism|anarcho-communists]], [[council communism|council communists]], [[Orthodox Marxist]]s, [[autonomism|autonomists]], [[libertarian Marxism|libertarian Marxists]], et cetera... You might be interested in the writings of [[Leon Trotsky]], [[George Orwell]], [[Rosa Luxemburg]] and other Marxists contemporary with the Soviet Union who considered it not to be truly communist or even socialist at all. Any Trot website - the [http://www.wsws.org/ World Socialist Web Site] may be a good start - will have various texts available. ~ [[User:SwitChar|Switch]] ([[User talk:SwitChar|✉]][[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|✍]][[User:SwitChar/Gallery|☺]]) 03:31, 20 May 2007 (UTC)
::::::As for the [[Communist state]] being "a basic concept of communism in practice" (a basic ''concept'' in ''practice''? Oy vey!), you're obviously not familiar with the [[Life and Labor Commune]] or the [[Spanish Revolution]]. ~ [[User:SwitChar|Switch]] ([[User talk:SwitChar|✉]][[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|✍]][[User:SwitChar/Gallery|☺]]) 03:43, 20 May 2007 (UTC)
:::::::1) There are basics concepts of theory and basic concepts of practice. This is not a contradiction.
:::::::2) As for the Life and labor party, I know that there have been small stateless communist groups bubbled within a larger society, which is why I specifically stated "large communist societies" and the Spanish Revolution was a transient development during a war. My point still stands.
:::::::3) Sure the adherents of some schools such as anarchist communists and the others you listed don't consider the USSR to have been truly communist, just like many radical feminists don't consider many less radical forms of feminism truly feminist. [[User:Neitherday|Neitherday]] 04:18, 20 May 2007 (UTC)
::::::::Even stalinists don't consider USSR as "communist", but as "socialist"...
::::::::Where did Marx, Engels, Luxemburg... ever write about "communist state" ??? --[[User:Inbloom2|Inbloom2]] 09:29, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

==Marx==
My understanding is that not all communists are Marxists. Is that correct? [[User:Vision Thing|-- Vision Thing --]] 12:45, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
:It's very correct; communism predates Marx! Marx is almost certainly the most influential communist thinker because he first synthesised the [[communalism|communalist]] and [[class struggle]] aspects of socialism which had previously been quite separate. But non-Marxist schools of communism like [[anarchist communism]] and the "theoretical communism" of some democratic socialists (who may in fact be influenced by Marx) survive. ~ [[User:SwitChar|Switch]] ([[User talk:SwitChar|✉]][[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|✍]][[User:SwitChar/Gallery|☺]]) 03:20, 20 May 2007 (UTC)
::One should note that difference in meaning between socialism, social-democracy and communism only developed after the Russian Revolution, before that there was no clear deliniation between those currents. Consider for instance the Dutch Revolutionary socialist party [[Social Democratic Party (Netherlands)]]. Therefore claiming that communism pre-dates Marx seems very strange. Communism as a real separate ideology developed only with Bolshevism, Lenin and the Russian Revolution. [[User:C mon|C mon]] 11:23, 20 May 2007 (UTC)
:::Nonsense. [[Communism] does not mean Bolshevism. The only people who ever said so were brainwashed by McCarthyism or McCarthyist propagandists. I know you're neither, which is why this is so confusing. Of course communism predates Marx, both the theory and the term, and though the terms have changed the movements have always been distinct. Communism - defined as wanting to achieve a society free of private property and class - was practiced by the Paris Commune itself among others. The difference between socialism and communism was clear to the anarchists, clear to the market socialists, clear to most before the terms became synonymous with Marx's greater influence. Then after the Russian Revolution the terms separated again. But it was only for a short period that the socialist movement and the communist movement were largely the same, and there were still distinctions made by some socialists. ~ [[User:SwitChar|Switch]] ([[User talk:SwitChar|✉]][[Special:Contributions/SwitChar|✍]][[User:SwitChar/Gallery|☺]]) 09:11, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

== May 2007 edit war ==

I have followed [[User:Warofdreams]] and reverted the edit war again on this page. Editors of this template are mistaken to fell that, if there is no consesus, they should simply edit the template. Wikipedia is managed by consensus. That is our key rule. if you cannot work by that rule, do not edit Wikipedia. Only one voice in favour of a change is not consenus. --[[User:DuncanBCS|Duncan]] 05:24, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

<blockquote>A little bit mean, aren't you there? [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 11:54, 6 June 2007 (UTC)</blockquote>

Gas turbine

2007-06-06T11:52:13Z

Lord fabs: added "Did you mean"

[[Image:GasTurbine.jpg|thumb|right|400px|This machine has a single-stage centrifugal [[Gas compressor|compressor]] and turbine, a [[recuperator]], and [[foil bearings]].]]

Did you mean [[Jet engine]]?

A '''gas turbine''', also called a '''combustion turbine''', is a rotary [[engine]] that extracts energy from a flow of hot gas produced by combustion of gas or fuel oil in a stream of compressed air. It has an upstream [[air compressor]] radial or [[axial flow]] mechanically coupled to a downstream [[turbine]] and a combustion chamber in between. '''Gas turbine''' may also refer to just the [[turbine]] element.

[[Energy]] is released when [[compressed air]] is mixed with [[fuel]] and [[ignition system|ignited]] in the [[combustor]]. The resulting gases are directed over the turbine's blades, spinning the turbine, and, mechanically, powering the compressor. Finally, the gases are passed through a [[nozzle]], generating additional thrust by accelerating the hot exhaust gases by expansion back to atmospheric pressure.

Energy is extracted in the form of shaft power, compressed air and thrust, in any combination, and used to power [[aircraft]], [[train]]s, [[ship]]s, [[electrical generator]]s, and even [[tank]]s.

== History ==
*[[1500]]: The "Chimney Jack" was drawn by [[Leonardo da Vinci]] which was turning a roasting spit. Hot air from a fire rose through a series of fans which connect and turn the roasting spit.
*[[1629]]: Jets of steam rotated a turbine that then rotated driven machinery allowed a stamping mill to be developed by [[Giovanni Branca]].
*[[1678]]: Ferdinand Verbeist built a model carriage relying on a steam jet for power.
*[[1791]]: A patent was given to John Barber, an Englishman, for the first true gas turbine. His invention had most of the elements present in the modern day gas turbines. The turbine was designed to power a horseless carriage.
*[[1872]]: The first true gas turbine engine was designed by Dr F. Stolze, but the engine never ran under its own power.
*[[1897]]: A [[steam turbine]] for propelling a ship was patented by Sir [[Charles Parsons]]. This principle of propulsion is still of some use.
*[[1903]]: A Norwegian, [[Ægidius Elling]], was able to build the first gas turbine that was able to produce more power than needed to run its own components, which was considered an achievement in a time when knowledge about aerodynamics was limited. Using rotary compressors and turbines it produced 11 hp (massive for those days). His work was later used by Sir [[Frank Whittle]].
*[[1914]]: The first application for a gas turbine engine was filed by Charles Curtis.
*[[1918]]: One of the leading gas turbine manufacturers of today, [[General Electric]], started their gas turbine division.
*[[1920]]. The then current gas flow through passages was developed by Dr [[Alan Arnold Griffith|A. A. Griffith]] to a turbine theory with gas flow past airfoils.
*[[1930]]. Sir [[Frank Whittle]] patented the design for a gas turbine for [[jet propulsion]]. His work on gas propulsion relied on the work from all those who had previously worked in the same field and he has himself stated that his invention would be hard to achieve without the works of Ægidius Elling. The first successful use of his engine was in April 1937.
*[[1934]]. [[Raúl Pateras de Pescara]] patented the [[Opposed piston engine|free-piston engine]] as a gas generator for gas turbines.
*[[1936]]. Hans von Ohain and Max Hahn in Germany developed their own patented engine design at the same time that Sir [[Frank Whittle]] was developing his design in England.

== Theory of operation ==
Gas turbines are described [[thermodynamics|thermodynamically]] by the [[Brayton cycle]], in which air is compressed [[isentropic]]ally, [[combustion]] occurs at constant pressure, and expansion over the turbine occurs isentropically back to the starting pressure.

In practice, friction, and turbulence cause:

:a) non-isentropic compression: for a given overall pressure ratio, the compressor delivery temperature is higher than ideal.

:b) non-isentropic expansion: although the turbine temperature drop necessary to drive the compressor is unaffected, the associated pressure ratio is greater, which decreases the expansion available to provide useful work.

:c) pressure losses in the air intake, combustor and exhaust: reduces the expansion available to provide useful work.

[[Image:Brayton cycle.svg|center|550px]]

As with all cyclic [[heat engine]]s, higher combustion temperature means greater [[fuel efficiency|efficiency]]. The limiting factor is the ability of the steel, nickel, ceramic, or other materials that make up the engine to withstand heat and pressure. Considerable engineering goes into keeping the turbine parts cool. Most turbines also try to recover exhaust heat, which otherwise is wasted energy. [[Recuperator]]s are [[heat exchanger]]s that pass exhaust heat to the compressed air, prior to combustion. [[Combined cycle]] designs pass waste heat to [[steam turbine]] systems. And [[combined heat and power]] (co-generation) uses waste heat for hot water production.

Mechanically, gas turbines can be considerably less complex than [[internal combustion]] piston engines. Simple turbines might have one moving part: the shaft/compressor/turbine/alternator-rotor assembly (see image above), not counting the fuel system.

More sophisticated turbines (such as those found in modern [[turbofan|jet engines]]) may have multiple shafts (spools), hundreds of turbine blades, movable stator blades, and a vast system of complex piping, combustors and heat exchangers.

As a general rule, the smaller the engine the higher the rotation rate of the shaft(s) needs to be to maintain tip speed. Turbine blade tip speed determines the maximum pressure that can be gained, independent of the size of the engine. [[Jet engine]]s operate around 10,000 rpm and micro turbines around 100,000 rpm.

[[Thrust bearing]]s and [[plain bearing|journal bearings]] are a critical part of design. Traditionally, they have been [[Fluid bearing|hydrodynamic oil bearings]], or oil-cooled [[ball bearing]]s. This is giving way to [[foil bearing]]s, which have been successfully used in micro turbines and [[auxiliary power unit]]s.

== Jet engines ==
[[Jet engine]]s are gas turbines optimized to produce thrust from the exhaust gases, or from [[ducted fan]]s connected to the gas turbines. Jet engines that produce thrust primarily from the direct impulse of exhaust gases are often called [[turbojet]]s, whereas those that generate most of their thrust from the action of a ducted fan are often called [[turbofan]]s or (rarely) [[fanjet]]s.

== Auxiliary power units ==
[[Auxiliary power unit]]s (APUs) are small gas turbines designed for auxiliary power of larger machines, such as those inside an [[aircraft]]. They supply compressed air for aircraft ventilation (with an appropriate compressor design), start-up power for larger [[jet engine]]s, and electrical and hydraulic power. These are not to be confused with the auxiliary propulsion units, also abbreviated APUs, aboard the gas-turbine-powered Oliver Hazard Perry-class guided-missile frigates. The Perrys' APUs are large electric motors that provide maneuvering help in close waters, or emergency backup if the gas turbines are not working.

== Gas turbines for electrical power production ==
[[Image:GE_H_series_Gas_Turbine.jpg|thumb|left|350px|GE H series power generation gas turbine. This 480-[[megawatt]] unit has a rated [[Thermodynamic efficiency|thermal efficiency]] of 60% in [[combined cycle]] configurations.]]

Industrial gas turbines range in size from truck-mounted mobile plants to enormous, complex systems. They can be particularly efficient — up to 60% — when waste heat from the gas turbine is recovered by a heat recovery steam generator to power a conventional steam turbine in a [[combined cycle]] configuration. They can also be run in a [[cogeneration]] configuration: the exhaust is used for space or water heating, or drives an [[gas-absorption refrigerator|absorption chiller]] for cooling or refrigeration. A cogeneration configuration can be over 90% efficient. The power turbines in the largest industrial gas turbines operate at 3,000 or 3,600 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]] to match the [[alternating current|AC]] [[power grid]] frequency and to avoid the need for a reduction [[gearbox]]. Such engines require a dedicated enclosure.

Simple cycle gas turbines in the power industry require smaller capital investment than [[coal]], [[nuclear power plant|nuclear]] or even combined cycle [[natural gas]] plants and can be designed to generate small or large amounts of power. Also, the actual construction process can take as little as several weeks to a few months, compared to years for [[base load power plant]]s. Their other main advantage is the ability to be turned on and off within minutes, supplying power during peak demand. Since they are less efficient than combined cycle plants, they are usually used as [[peaking power plant]]s, which operate anywhere from several hours per day to a couple dozen hours per year, depending on the electricity demand and the generating capacity of the region. In areas with a shortage of base load and [[load following power plant]] capacity, a gas turbine power plant may regularly operate during most hours of the day and even into the evening. A typical large simple cycle gas turbine may produce 100 to 300 megawatts of power and have 35 to 40% [[thermodynamic efficiency|thermal efficiency]]. The most efficient turbines have reached 46% efficiency. [http://www.memagazine.org/supparch/pejun04/yearturb/yearturb.html]

== Turboshaft engines ==
[[Turboshaft]] engines are often used to drive compression trains (for example in gas pumping stations or natural gas liquefaction plants)and are used to power almost all modern helicopters. The first shaft bears the compressor and the high speed turbine (often referred to as “Gas Generator” or "N1"), while the second shaft bears the low speed turbine (or “Power Turbine” or "N2"). This arrangement is used to increase speed and power output flexibility.

== Scale jet engines ==
Also known as:
*Miniature Gas Turbines
*Micro-jets

Many model engineers relish the challenge of re-creating the grand engineering feats of today as tiny working models. Naturally, the idea of re-creating a powerful engine such as the jet, fascinated hobbyists since the very first full size engines were powered up by [[Hans von Ohain]] and [[Frank Whittle]] back in the 1930s.

Recreating machines such as engines to a different scale is not easy. Because of the [[square-cube law]], the behaviour of many machines does not always scale up or down at the same rate as the machine's size (and often not even in a linear way), usually at best causing a dramatic loss of power or efficiency, and at worst causing them not to work at all. An [[automobile]] engine, for example, will not work if reproduced in the same shape at the size of a human hand.

With this in mind the pioneer of modern Micro-Jets, [[Kurt Schreckling]], produced one of the world's first Micro-Turbines, the FD3/67. This engine can produce up to 22 [[newton]]s of thrust, and can be built by most mechanically minded people with basic engineering tools, such as a [[metal lathe]]. Its radial compressor, which is cold, is small and the hot axial turbine is large experiencing more centrifugal forces, meaning that this design is limited by [[Mach number]]. Guiding vanes are used to hold the starter, after the compressor and before the turbine, but not after that. No bypass within the engine is used.

== Microturbines ==
[[Image:Micro turbine.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A micro turbine designed for [[DARPA]] by [http://www.m-dot.com/ M-Dot] ]]
Also known as:
*Turbo alternators
*Gensets
*MicroTurbine® (registered trademark of [[Capstone Turbine Corporation]])
*Turbogenerator® (registered tradename of [[Honeywell|Honeywell Power Systems]], Inc.)

'''Microturbines''' are becoming wide spread for [[distributed generation|distributed power]] and [[cogeneration|combined heat and power]] applications. They range from handheld units producing less than a [[kilowatt]] to commercial sized systems that produce tens or hundreds of kilowatts.

Part of their success is due to advances in electronics, which allows unattended operation and interfacing with the commercial power grid. Electronic power switching technology eliminates the need for the generator to be synchronized with the power grid. This allows the generator to be integrated with the turbine shaft, and to double as the starter motor.

Microturbine systems have many advantages over [[reciprocating engine]] generators, such as higher power density (with respect to footprint and weight), extremely low emissions and few, or just one, moving part. Those designed with [[foil bearing]]s and air-cooling operate without oil, [[coolant]]s or other hazardous materials. Microturbines also have the advantage of having the majority of their waste heat contained in their relatively high temperature exhaust, whereas the waste heat of recriprocating engines is split between its exhaust and cooling system. [http://www.ichpa.com/CHP_in_Ireland/Prime_Movers.php] However, reciprocating engine generators are quicker to respond to changes in output power requirement and are usually slightly more efficient, although the efficiency of microturbines is increasing. Microturbines also lose more efficiency at low power levels than reciprocating engines.

They accept most commercial fuels, such as [[natural gas]], [[propane]], [[diesel]] and [[kerosene]]. They are also able to produce [[renewable energy]] when fueled with [[biogas]] from [[landfill]]s and [[sewage treatment]] plants.

Microturbine designs usually consist of a single stage radial compressor, a single stage [[radial turbine]] and a [[recuperator]]. Recuperators are difficult to design and manufacture because they operate under high pressure and temperature differentials. Exhaust heat can be used for water heating, drying processes or [[absorption chiller]]s, which create cold for air conditioning from heat energy instead of electric energy.

Typical microturbine efficiencies are 25 to 35%. When in a combined heat and power [[cogeneration]] system, efficiencies of greater than 80% are commonly achieved.

[[MIT]] started its millimeter size turbine engine project in the middle of the 1990's when Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Alan H. Epstein considered the possibility of creating a personal turbine which will be able to meet all the demands of a modern person's electrical needs, just like a large turbine can meet the electricity demands of a small city. According to Professor Epstein current commercial Li-ion rechargeable batteries deliver about 120-150 w-hr/kg. MIT's millimeter size turbine will deliver 500-700 whr/kg in the near term, rising to 1200-1500 whr/kg in the longer term[http://www.tfot.info/content/view/114/58/].

== Gas turbines in vehicles ==
[[image:Rover.jet1.jpg|thumb|right|Rover JET1]]
Gas turbines are used on [[ship]]s, [[locomotive]]s, [[helicopter]]s, and in [[tank]]s. A number of experiments have been conducted with gas turbine powered [[automobile]]s.

In 1950, designer F.R. Bell and Chief Engineer Maurice Wilks from British car manufacturers [[Rover (car)|Rover]] unveiled the first car powered with a gas turbine engine. The two-seater JET1 had the engine positioned behind the seats, air intake grilles on either side of the car, and exhaust outlets on the top of the tail. During tests, the car reached top speeds of 140 km/h, at a turbine speed of 50,000 rpm. The car ran on [[petrol]], [[paraffin]] or [[diesel]] oil, but fuel consumption problems proved insurmountable for a production car. It is currently on display at the London [[Science Museum (London)|Science Museum]]. Rover and the BRM [[Formula One]] team joined forces to produce a gas turbine powered coupe, which entered the [[1963 24 Hours of Le Mans]], driven by [[Graham Hill]] and [[Richie Ginther]]. It averaged 107.8 mph (173 km/h) and had a top speed of 142 mph (229 km/h). In 1967, the revolutionary ''STP Oil Treatment Special'' [[four-wheel drive]] turbine-powered special fielded by racing and entrepreneurial legend [[Andy Granatelli]] and driven by Parnelli Jones nearly won the [[Indianapolis 500]]; the STP [[Pratt & Whitney]] powered turbine car was almost a lap ahead of the second place car when a gearbox bearing failed just three laps from the finish line. In 1971 [[Lotus (car)|Lotus]] principal [[Colin Chapman]] introduced the Lotus 56B F1 car, powered by a [[Pratt & Whitney]] gas turbine. Chapman had a reputation of building radical championship-winning cars, but had to abandon the project because there were too many problems with turbo lag. The fictional [[Batmobile]] is often said to be powered by a gas turbine or a [[jet engine]].
[[Image:STP Turbine.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The ''STP Oil Treatment Special'' on display at the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]] Hall of Fame Museum, with the [[Pratt & Whitney]] gas turbine shown.]]
American car manufacturer [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]] demonstrated several [[Chrysler Turbine engines|prototype gas turbine]]-powered cars from the early 1950s through the early 1980s. Chrysler built fifty [[Chrysler Turbine Car]]s in 1963 and conducted the only consumer trial of gas turbine-powered cars.

In [[1993]] [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] introduced the first commercial gas turbine powered [[hybrid vehicle]]—as a limited production run of the [[EV-1]]. A [[Williams International]] 40 kW turbine drove an alternator which powered the battery-electric [[powertrain]]. The turbine design included a [[recuperator]].

It is worth noting that a key advantage of jets and [[turboprop]]s for aeroplane propulsion - their superior performance at high altitude compared to piston engines, particularly [[naturally-aspirated engine|naturally-aspirated]] ones - is irrelevant in automobile applications. Their power-to-weight advantage is far less important.

Gas turbines offer a high-powered engine in a very small and light package. However, they are not as responsive and efficient as small [[piston engine]]s over the wide range of RPMs and powers needed in vehicle applications. In hybrids, gas turbines reduce the responsiveness problem, and the emergence of the [[continuously variable transmission]] may also help alleviate this. Another, recent, idea is the 'Multi-Pressure' turbine proposed by Robin Mackay of Agile Turbines. This concept is expected to provide three different power levels - each of them exhibiting high efficiency and low emission levels.

Turbines have historically been more expensive to produce than piston engines, though this is partly because piston engines have been mass-produced in huge quantities for decades, while small gas turbine engines are rarities; but turbines are mass produced in the closely related form of the [[turbocharger]].

The [[MTT Turbine SUPERBIKE]] appeared in 2000 (hence the designation of Y2K Superbike by MTT) and is the first production motorcycle powered by a jet engine - specifically, a Rolls-Royce Allison model 250 turboshaft engine, producing about 283kW (380bhp). Speed-tested to 365km/h or 227mph (according to some stories, the testing team ran out of road during the test), it holds the Guinness World Records for most powerful production motorcycle and most expensive production motorcycle, with a price tag of US$185,000.

Use of gas turbines in military tanks has been more successful. In the 1950s, a [[Conqueror tank|Conqueror heavy tank]] was experimentally fitted with a [[Parsons]] 650-hp gas turbine, and they have been used as [[auxiliary power unit]]s in several other production models. The first production turbine tank was the Swedish Strv 103A. Today, the Soviet/Russian [[T-80]] and U.S. [[M1 Abrams]] tanks use gas turbine engines. See [[Tank#Gas turbines|tank]] for more details.

Several locomotive classes have been powered by gas turbines, the most recent incarnation being [[Bombardier]]'s [[JetTrain]]. See [[gas turbine-electric locomotive]] for more information.

=== Naval use ===
Gas turbines are used in many naval vessels, where they are valued for their high power-to-weight ratio and their ships' resulting acceleration and ability to get underway quickly. The first gas-turbine-powered naval vessel was the [[Royal Navy]]'s [[Motor Gun Boat]] ''MGB 2009'' (formerly ''MGB 509'') converted in 1947. The first large, gas-turbine powered ships, were the Royal Navy's [[Tribal class frigate|Type 81 (Tribal class)]] [[frigate]]s, the first of which ([[HMS Ashanti (F117)|HMS ''Ashanti'']]) was commissioned in [[1961]].

The [[Swedish Navy]] produced 6 Spica class torpedoboats between 1966 and 1967 powered by 3 [[Bristol Siddeley]] [[Bristol Proteus|Proteus 1282]], each delivering 4300 hp. They were later joined by 6 upgraded Norrköping class ships, still with the same engines. With their aft torpedo tubes replaced by antishipping missiles they served as missile boats until the last was retired in 1986.

The [[Finnish Navy]] issued two [[Turunmaa class gunboat|Turunmaa class]] [[corvette]]s, Turunmaa and Karjala, in 1968. They were equipped with one 16 000 shp [[Rolls-Royce Olympus]] TMB3 gas turbine and two Wärtsilä marine diesels for slower speeds. Before the waterjet-propulsion [[Helsinki class missile boat]]s, they were the fastest vessels in the Finnish Navy; they regularly achieved 37 knot speeds, but they are known to have achieved 45 knots when the restriction mechanism of the turbine was geared off. The Turunmaas were paid off in 2002. ''Karjala'' is today a museum ship in [[Turku]], and ''Turunmaa'' serves as a flotating machine shop and training ship for Satakunta Polytechnical College.

The next series of major naval vessels were the four [[Iroquois class destroyer|Canadian Iroquois class]] helicopter carrying destroyers first commissioned in 1972. They used 2 FT-4 main propulsion engines, 2 FT-12 cruise engines and 3 Solar Saturn 750 KW generators.

The first U.S. gas-turbine powered ships were the [[United States Coast Guard|U.S. Coast Guard]]'s [[Hamilton class cutter|''Hamilton''-class]] [[USCG high endurance cutter|High Endurance Cutters]] the first of which ([[USCGC Hamilton (WHEC-715)|USCGC ''Hamilton'']]) commissioned in [[1967]]. Since then, they have powered the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]'s [[Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate|''Perry''-class frigates]], [[Spruance class destroyer|''Spruance''-class]] and [[Arleigh Burke class destroyer|''Arleigh Burke''-class]] [[destroyer]]s, and [[Ticonderoga class cruiser|''Ticonderoga''-class guided missile cruisers]]. [[USS Makin Island (LHD-8)|USS ''Makin Island'']], a modified [[Wasp class amphibious assault ship|''Wasp''-class amphibious assault ship]], is to be the Navy's first [[amphibious assault ship|amphib]] powered by gas turbines.

===Commercial Use===
Three [[Rolls-Royce plc|Rolls-Royce]] gas turbines power the [[118 WallyPower]], a 118 foot super-yacht. These engines combine for a total of 16,800HP allowing this 118 foot boat to maintain speeds of 60 [[Knot (speed)|knots]] or 70[[mph]].

Another example of commercial usage of gas turbines in a ship, are the [[High-speed Sea Service|HSS class]] fastcraft ferry fleet. HSS 1500-class ''Stena Explorer'', ''Stena Voyager'' and ''Stena Discovery'' vessels use [[combined gas and gas]] (COGAG) setups of twin [[General Electric|GE]] [[General Electric LM2500|LM2500]] plus GE LM1600 power for a total of 68,000kW. The slightly smaller HSS 900-class ''Stena Carisma'', uses twin [[Asea Brown Boveri|ABB]]–[[:sv:STAL|STAL]] GT35 turbines rated at 34,000kW gross.

== Amateur gas turbines ==
A popular hobby is to construct a gas turbine from an automotive [[turbocharger]]. A combustion chamber is fabricated and plumbed between the compressor and turbine. Like many technology based hobbies, they tend to give rise to manufacturing businesses over time. Several small companies manufacture small turbines and parts for the amateur. See external links for resources.

== Advances in technology ==
Gas turbine technology has steadily advanced since its inception and continues to evolve; research is active in producing ever smaller gas turbines. Computer design, specifically [[Computational fluid dynamics|CFD]] and [[finite element analysis]] along with material advances, has allowed higher compression ratios and temperatures, more efficient combustion, better cooling of engine parts and reduced emissions. On the emissions side, the challenge in technology is actually getting a catalytic combustor running properly in order to achieve single digit NOx emissions to cope with the latest regulations.
Additionally, compliant [[foil bearing]]s were commercially introduced to gas turbines in the [[1990s]]. They can withstand over a hundred thousand start/stop cycles and eliminated the need for an oil system.

On another front, microelectronics and power switching technology have enabled commercially viable micro turbines for distributed and vehicle power.

== See also ==
*[[Steam turbine]]
*[[Brayton cycle]]
*[[Gas turbine locomotive]]
*[[Gas turbine-electric locomotive]]
*[[Gas turbine modular helium reactor]]

== Further reading ==
* ''Gas Turbine Engines for Model Aircraft'' by [[Kurt Schreckling]], ISBN 0-9510589-1-6 Traplet Publications
* "Aircraft Gas Turbine Technology" by Irwin E. Treager, Professor Emeritus Purdue University, McGraw-Hill, Glencoe Division, 1979, ISBN 0070651582
* "Gas Turbine Theory" by H.I.H. Saravanamuttoo, G.F.C. Rogers and H. Cohen, Pearson Education, 2001, 5th ed., ISBN 0-13-015847-X

== External links ==
{{commons|Gas turbine}}
* [http://www.rcturbinehelicopters.com/turbine.html Model Turbine Engine]
* [http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/www/labs/GTL/gtl_about.html MIT Gas Turbine Laboratory]
* [http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/october97/features/turbdime/turbdime.html MIT Microturbine research]
* [http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/collections/treasures/margas.asp First Marine Gas Turbine 1947]
* [http://www.aardvark.co.nz/pjet/chrysler.shtml A history of Chrysler turbine cars]
* [http://www.arbeitskreis-gasturbinen.org The Workgroup Gasturbines-Solar runs an information site with a discussion board (not only for SOLAR-turbines)](German, English)
* [http://www.agileturbine.com/publications Turbines in vehicles; Agile Turbines proposal]
* [http://www.tfot.info/content/view/114/58/ Engine on a Chip – the Dream of the Personal Turbine]
* [http://travel.howstuffworks.com/turbine.htm Introduction to how a gas turbine works from "how stuff works.com"]

[[Category:Engines]]
[[Category:Gas turbines|*]]
[[Category:Marine propulsion]]
[[Category:Turbines]]
[[Category:Norwegian inventions]]

[[ar:توربين غازي]]
[[cs:Plynová turbína]]
[[de:Gasturbine]]
[[es:Turbina de gas]]
[[fr:Turbine à gaz]]
[[ko:가스 터빈]]
[[id:Turbin gas]]
[[it:Turbina a gas]]
[[he:טורבינת גז]]
[[nl:Gasturbine]]
[[ja:ガスタービンエンジン]]
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[[nn:Gassturbin]]
[[pl:Turbina gazowa]]
[[pt:Turbina a gás]]
[[ru:Газотурбинный двигатель]]
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[[sv:Gasturbin]]
[[vi:Động cơ tuốc bin khí]]
[[tr:Gaz türbini]]
[[zh:燃氣渦輪引擎]]

Blowtorch

2007-06-06T11:49:07Z

Lord fabs: adjusted caption in blowtorch photo to match the title.

[[Image:Blowtorch.jpg|frame|An old-fashioned kerosene blowtorch]]
[[Image:Small butane torch.jpg|thumb|A small [[butane]] torch]]

A '''blow torch''' or '''blowlamp''' is a simple [[heat]]ing [[torch]], which burns [[fuel]] with ambient [[atmosphere|atmospheric]] [[oxidizer|air]]. It will typically run on [[propane]] or [[butane]] cartridges, or be fed from a [[liquid petroleum gas]] cylinder via a hose. They produce a much larger, softer [[flame]] than an [[oxyacetylene]] torch and are used for low temperature applications — [[soldering]], [[brazing]], melting roof [[tar]], or pre-heating large [[casting]]s before [[welding]], such as for repairing [[cast-iron]] cylinder heads, and for direct rapid application of heat in [[cooking]]. They cannot be used for welding, but find many other uses, not least because in their simplest form of a disposable canister feeding a hand-held torch they are very cheap and highly portable, and because the LPG fuel is very cheap in comparison to [[acetylene]] and [[oxygen]].

Older blowtorches used liquid fuel such as [[kerosene]] in the form of [[paraffin]] oil, or [[gasoline]] and more recently biodiesel. These are largely redundant, and may be difficult to start, requiring pre-heating with [[methylated]] spirit. If any doubts exist as to the integrity of the [[pressurize]]d fuel tank or any of the seals in the torch, it should be treated strictly as an antique — if the tank bursts there is a very real risk of [[explosion]] or [[fire]].

== See also ==
* [[Propane torch]]
* [[Oxy-fuel welding and cutting]]
* [[Gas burner]]

[[Category:Fireplaces]]
[[Category:Tools]]

[[de:Lötlampe]]
[[es:soplete]]

Oxy-fuel welding and cutting

2007-06-06T11:47:29Z

Lord fabs: Adjusted common terms for oxy welding.

{{Cleanup|date=December 2006}}

{{redirect|Oxyacetylene|the song|Cubanate}}
'''Oxy-fuel welding''' of metal is commonly called '''oxyacetylene welding''' since [[acetylene]] is the predominant choice for a fuel, or often simply '''oxy welding''', or in [[America]], '''gas welding'''. In gas welding and cutting, the heat needed to melt the metal comes from a [[fuel]] gas burning with [[oxygen]] in a torch.

'''Oxy-fuel cutting''' of metal is a similar process, using a different type of gas torch, called a cutting torch. Here the metal is heated until it glows orange (around 980°C), and then a lever on the torch is pressed to pass a stream of oxygen through the work-piece, to burn the steel away where the cut is desired. The iron-oxide product of this combustion process falls to the floor as a dust. Once the process is started properly, there should be no globs of melted steel under the work-piece. No melting should occur.

Some notes about word usage:-
*Sometimes a metal-cutting blowtorch is [[colloquial]]ly called a "gas-axe", "smoke wrench", "hot wrench" or "hot blue spanner" (in Britain).
*Colloquially, many people mistakenly call a welding torch a blowtorch.
*In the USA the word "[[blowtorch]]" is also used for what in Britain is called a blowlamp.

Torches that do not mix pure oxygen with the fuel inside the torch, but burn it with atmospheric air, are not oxy-fuel torches and can be identified by their single tank. (Oxy-fuel welding needs two tanks, fuel and oxygen.) Most [[metal]]s cannot be melted with such single-tank torches, so they can only be used for [[soldering]] and [[brazing]], not welding. See also [[Blowlamp]].

[[Image:Types of gas torch head.jpg|thumb|The top torch is a welding torch and the bottom is a cutting torch or [[blowtorch]]]]
[[Image:Cutting torch.jpg|thumb|200px|A cutting torch is used to cut a steel pipe. Note that the worker is not wearing full-face protection or gloves, both of which are part of standard safety procedure.]]

==Apparatus==
The apparatus used in gas welding consists basically of an oxygen source and a fuel gas source (usually [[gas cylinder|cylinder]]s), two [[pressure]] [[regulator]]s and two flexible hoses (one of each for each cylinder), and a torch. This sort of torch can also be used for [[solder]]ing and [[brazing]]. The cylinders are often carried in a special wheeled [[cart|trolley]].

There have been examples of oxyhydrogen cutting sets with small ([[diving tank|scuba]]-sized) gas cylinders worn on the user's back in a [[backpack]] harness, for [[rescue]] work and similar.

There are also examples of pressurized liquid fuel cutting torches, usually using gasoline. These are used for their increased portability.

==Uses==
Oxy-gas torches are or have been used for:-
*[[Welding]] metal: see below. [http://www.key-to-steel.com/Articles/Art75.htm Oxyhydrogen Welding]
*Cutting metal: see below.
*Also, oxyhydrogen flames are used for:-
**In the [[glass]] industry under the name "fire polishing".
**In jewelry production under the name "water welding" using a "[[water torch]]". [http://www.mansun.com.cn/english/hyjenglish2.htm].
**Formerly, to heat a lump of [[quicklime]] to get a bright white light called [[limelight]], in [[theatre]]s or in optical ("magic") lanterns.
**Formerly, in [[platinum]] works, as platinum is only fusible in the oxyhydrogen flame and the electric furnace.

==Torches==
===Welding torch===
The torch is the part that the welder holds and manipulates to make the weld. It has a connection and valve for the fuel gas and a connection and valve for the oxygen, a handle for the welder to grasp, a mixing chamber (set at an angle) where the fuel gas and oxygen mix, with a tip where the flame forms.

===Cutting torch===
A '''cutting [[torch]]''' is used to cut [[metal]]. It is similar to a welding torch. The most common fuel used for cutting torches is [[acetylene]]. [[Oxygen]] is combined with the acetylene in the torch, which produces a high [[temperature]] [[flame]]. The differences between a cutting torch and a welding torch are:
*The mixing chamber with flame nozzle is more heavily built and set at 90°.
*There is a third tube from the torch valves to the mixing chamber. It carries high-pressure oxygen, controlled by a large trigger lever on the torch. For more information, see this page's section [[#Cutting]].

===Injector torch===
In most torches the two gases merely mix: this is an '''equal-pressure torch''': [http://sweethaven02.com/ConstructTech/Welding01/fig0504.gif see diagram]. But in some torches (called '''injector torches'''), inside the torch head the oxygen comes out of a small nozzle under pressure so it drags the fuel gas along with it by the [[venturi effect]]: [http://sweethaven02.com/ConstructTech/Welding01/fig0504.gif see diagram]. See [[#propane]] for more information.

==Regulator==
The [[regulator]]s are attached one each to the fuel source and to the oxygen source. The oxygen regulator is attached to the oxygen tank and drops the pressure from about 21000 [[kilopascal|kPa]] (3000 [[pound-force per square inch|lbf/in²]] = 200 atmospheres) to a lower pressure for the torch. This pressure can be adjusted to suit the job at hand by turning a knob on the regulator, and can be set from 0 to about 700 to 1400 [[kPa]] (100 to 200 pounds/in² [psi]). Likewise the fuel regulator is attached to the fuel source and drops the pressure to a level for the torch to use. For acetylene this is 0 to 100 kPa (15 lb/in² [psi]).

Most regulators have two gauges: one indicates the cylinder pressure when the valve is opened; the other indicates the pressure of the gas coming out of the regulator when the regulator is opened. This is the delivery pressure of the gas, which must be set for the current job. The gauges are calibrated to read correctly at 70°F (21°C).

(Note that when a cylinder's pressure gauge says that the cylinder is empty, it actually contains gas equal to the surrounding atmosphere pressure.)

These regulators can be single-stage or double-stage. See [[Diving regulator#Constant flow]] for more information.

====Single stage====
A single-stage regulator mechanism consists of a nozzle that the gas passes through, a valve seat to close off the nozzle, a [[diaphragm (mechanics)|diaphragm]], and balancing springs. These mechanisms are all enclosed in a suitable housing. Fuel-gas regulators and oxygen regulators are basically the same design, but fuel gas regulators (except for hydrogen) are not made to withstand the high pressures that oxygen regulators are subjected to.

In the oxygen regulator, the oxygen enters through the high-pressure inlet connection and passes through a glass wool [[filter (air)|filter]] that removes dust and dirt. Turning the adjusting screw '''in''' (clockwise) increases the oxygen flow.

The major disadvantage of single-stage regulators is that the working gas pressure you set will increase as the cylinder pressure decreases; therefore, you must constantly monitor and reset the regulator if you need a fixed pressure and flow rate

====Double stage====
The double-stage regulator is similar in principle to the one-stage regulator. The main difference being that the total pressure drop takes place in two stages instead of one. In the high-pressure stage, the cylinder pressure is reduced to an intermediate pressure that was predetermined by the manufacturer. In the low-pressure stage, the pressure is again reduced from the intermediate pressure to the working pressure you have chosen.

====Safety of regulators====
Regulators are precise and complicated pieces of equipment. Carelessness can do more to ruin a regulator than any other gas-using equipment. One can easily damage a regulator by simply forgetting to wipe clean the cylinder, regulator, or hose connections. When you open a high-pressure cylinder, the gas can rush into the regulator at the speed of sound. If there is any dirt in the connections, it will be blasted into the precision-fitted valve seats, making them leak. This results in a condition known as creep, which occurs when the regulator is shut off but not the cylinder and gas pressure is still being delivered to the low-pressure side.

'''Oil or other petroleum products, or [[fat]] or [[oil]] of [[biotic material|biological origin]], must never be used around oxygen regulators because these products may cause a regulator [[explosion]] or a [[fire]].'''

==Gas hoses==
The flexible hoses that connect from the regulators to the torch and carry the fuel gas and the oxygen must be strong, nonporous, light, and flexible enough to make torch movements easy. They must be made to withstand internal pressures that can reach as high as 100 psig. The rubber used to make these hoses is specially treated to remove the sulfur that could cause [[spontaneous combustion]].

Welding hose is available in single-hose and double-hose lengths. Size is determined by the inside diameter, and the proper size to use depends on the type of work for which it is intended. Hose used for light work has a 3/16 or 1/4 inch inside diameter and one or two plies of fabric. For heavy-duty welding and cutting operations, use a hose with an inside diameter of 5/16 inch and three to five plies of fabric. Single hose is available in the standard sizes as well as 1/2-inch, 3/4-inch, and 1-inch sizes. These larger sizes are for heavy-duty heating and for use on large cutting machines.
The most common type of cutting and welding hose is the twin or double hose which is the fuel hose and the oxygen hose joined together side by side by either a special rib or by clamps. Because they are joined, the hoses are less likely to become tangled and are easier to move from place to place.

The length of hose used is important. The delivery pressure at the torch varies with the length of the hose. A 20-foot 3/16-inch hose may be adequate for a job, but if the same hose was 50 feet long, the pressure drop would result in too little gas flow to the torch. Longer hoses must be wider inside to ensure the correct flow of gas to the torch.

The hoses used for fuel gas and oxygen are typically identical in construction, but they differ in color. The oxygen hose cover is '''black''' (In the U.S.A. the oxygen hose cover is '''green'''), and the fuel-gas hose cover is '''red'''. This color coding aids in the prevention of mishaps that could lead to dangerous accidents. The fuel gas connections have left-hand threads and the oxygen connectors have right-hand threads so that the two cannot be interchanged, to help to prevent accidents. The basic hose connection is a nut and gland. The nut has threads on the inside that match up with the male inlet and outlet on the torch and regulator. The gland slides inside the hose and is held in place by a crimped [[ferrule]]. The nut is loose and can be turned by hand or a wrench to tighten the threaded nut onto the equipment.

Hoses can be made of different materials, and may or may not be suitable for all fuel gases. In the U.S.A., fuel gas hoses graded R and RM are only suitable for acetylene, as other fuel gases may break down the rubber in the hose. Grade T hoses are suitable for all fuel gases.

All connections for welding and cutting hoses have been standardized by the Compressed Gas Association. Letter grades A, B, C, D, and E plus the type of gas used correspond directly with the connections on the regulators. A, B, and C are the most common size connections. A-size is for low-flow rates; B-size for medium-flow rates; and C-size is for heavy-flow rates. D and E sizes are for large cutting and heating torches

==Non-return valve==
Between the regulator and hose, and ideally between hose and torch on both oxygen and fuel lines, a [[flashback arrestor]] and/or non-return valve should be installed to prevent flame or oxygen-fuel mixture being pushed back into either cylinder and damaging the equipment or making a cylinder explode.

The flashback arrestor (not to be confused with a check valve) prevents [[shock wave|shockwaves]] from downstream coming back up the hoses and entering the cylinder (possibly rupturing it), as there are quantities of fuel/oxygen mixtures inside parts of the equipment (specifically within the mixer and blowpipe/nozzle) that may explode if the equipment is incorrectly shut down; and acetylene decomposes at excessive pressures or temperatures. The flashback arrestor will remain switched off until someone resets it, in case the pressure wave created a leak downstream of the arrestor.

===Check valve===
A check valve lets gas flow in one direction only. Do not confuse it with a flashback arrestor, as check valves are not designed to block a shockwave: the pressure wave could occur while the ball is so far from the inlet that the pressure wave gets past before the ball reaches its off position. A check valve is usually a chamber containing a ball that is pressed against one end by a spring: gas flow one way pushes the ball out of the way, and no flow or flow the other way lets the spring push the ball into the inlet, blocking it.

[[Image:Compressed gas cylinders.mapp and oxygen.triddle.jpg|thumb|right|Compressed gas cylinders containing [[oxygen]] and [[MAPP gas]].]]

==Fuels==
The most commonly used fuel gas is [[acetylene]]. Other gases used are [[propylene]], [[liquified petroleum gas]] (LPG), [[propane]], [[natural gas]], [[hydrogen]], and [[MAPP gas]].

Acetylene and gases that liquefy under cylinder pressure should only be used where it can be relied on that the gas cylinder containing it which is in use will always be vertical with its valve on top.

Note: there is not a single gas called "oxyacetylene".

===Acetylene===
[[Acetylene]] is the fuel first used for oxy-fuel welding and remains the fuel of choice for repair work and general cutting and welding. Acetylene gas is shipped in special cylinders designed to keep the gas dissolved. The cylinders are packed with various porous materials (e.g. [[kapok]] fibre, [[diatomaceous earth]], or, formerly, [[asbestos]]), then filled about half way with [[acetone]]. The acetylene dissolves into the acetone. This method is necessary because above 207 [[Pascal (unit)|kPa]] (30 [[pound-force per square inch|lbf/in²]]) acetylene is [[instability|unstable]] and may [[explosion|explode]]. There is about 1700 [[kPa]] (250 lbf/in²) of [[pressure]] in the tank when full. Acetylene when burned with [[oxygen]] gives a temperature of 3200 [[Celsius|°C]] to 3500 °C (5800 °F to 6300 [[Fahrenheit|°F]]), which is the highest temperature of any of the commonly used gaseous fuels. Its main disadvantage is its comparatively high cost.

How acetylene is made is described at [[Acetylene#Preparation]].

As acetylene is unstable at a pressure equivalent to being roughly 33 feet = 10 meters underwater, underwater cutting and welding must use hydrogen instead of acetylene.

===Gasoline===
Oxy-[[gasoline]] (= oxy-petrol) torches have been found to perform very well, especially where bottled gas fuel is not available or difficult to transport to the worksite. Tests showed that an oxy-gasoline torch cut steel plate up to 0.5 inch thick as well as oxyacetylene, and 0.5 to 4 inches thick better: 3 times better at 4 inches thick.

The gasoline is fed from a pressure tank whose pressure can be hand-pumped or fed from a [[gas cylinder]].

*Reference: http://apps.em.doe.gov/ost/pubs/itsrs/itsr1847.pdf

One make of oxy-gasoline torch is [http://www.petrogen.com/ Petrogen].

===Hydrogen===
[[Hydrogen]] has a clean flame and is good for use on [[aluminium]]. It can be used at a higher pressure than acetylene and is therefore useful for underwater welding and cutting. It is a good type of flame to use when heating much material. The flame temperature is high, about 2,000°C at atmospheric pressure.

For some oxyhydrogen torches the oxygen and hydrogen are produced by [[electrolysis]] of water in an apparatus which is connected directly to the torch. Types of this sort of torch are:-
* The oxygen and the hydrogen are led off the electrolysis cell separately and are fed into the two gas connections of an ordinary oxy-gas torch. This happens in the [[water torch]], which is sometimes used in small torches used in making [[jewellery]].
* The oxygen and hydrogen are drawn mixed from the electrolysis cell and are led mixed into a special torch designed to prevent flashback. This happens in:-
** The [[Brown's gas]] patented method. Severe doubts have been expressed about some of its patenter's claims.
** The [[HHO gas]] ("Hybrid Hydrogen Oxygen") method patented by [http://hytechapps.com/aquygen Aquygen]. Severe doubts have been expressed about some of its patenter's claims.

According to [[Julius Thomsen]], when oxygen and hydrogen burn, 34,116 [[calorie]]s of heat is produced for each [[gram]] of hydrogen burned: that is 286 [[Joule|kJ]]/[[Mole (unit)|mol]]. How the process is conducted affects the temperature of the flame: it obviously is highest in burning pure "[[oxyhydrogen]]" gas (a mixture of hydrogen with exactly half its volume of oxygen, the quantity it combines with in becoming water, German [[:de:Knallgas|Knallgas]]). It becomes less when the "oxyhydrogen" is mixed with excess of oxygen or hydrogen, or an [[inert gas]] such as [[nitrogen]], because there the same amount of heat spreads over a larger quantity of matter.

See [[Oxyhydrogen]] for oxyhydrogen explosions.

===MAPP gas===
[[MAPP gas]] is a registered product of the [[Dow Chemical Company]]. It is liquefied petroleum gas mixed with [[methylacetylene]]-[[allene|propadiene]]. It has the storage and shipping characteristics of LPG and has a heat value a little less than acetylene. Because it can be shipped in small containers for sale at retail stores, it is used by hobbyists, and large industrial companies and shipyards because it is only as volatile as water while stored in cylinders, and is therefore much less dangerous than acetylene. MAPP gas can be used at much higher pressures than acetylene, sometimes up to 40 or 50 psi in high-volume oxy-fuel cutting torches which can cut up to 12 inch thick steel. Other welding gases that develop comparable temperatures need special procedures for safe shipping and handling. A MAPP gas leak is easy to identify because of its particularly terrible odor.

===Propane===
[[Propane]] does not burn as hot as acetylene in its inner cone, and so cannot be used for welding. Propane, however, has a very high number of BTUs per cubic feet in its outer cone, and so with the right torch ([[#Injector torch|injector style]]) can make a faster and cleaner cut than acetylene, and is much more useful for heating and bending than acetylene.

Propane is cheaper than acetylene and easier to transport.

Like [[propylene]], most propane tips are of a two piece design. Propane often gets unfair criticism because it really needs changing your torch (from an equal pressure torch to an injector torch) and not just changing your tip to get the best performance. Most torches are equal pressure and designed for gases such as acetylene which are lighter than oxygen. Propane is a great deal heavier and runs much better through a low-pressure injector torch with a setting from a few ounces to about two pounds per square inch when cutting.

===Propylene===
[[Propylene]] is used in production welding and cutting. It cuts faster and cleaner than propane. When propylene is used, the torch rarely needs tip cleaning.

===The role of oxygen===
Oxygen is not the fuel: It is what chemically combines with the fuel to produce the heat for welding. This is called 'oxidation', but the more general and more commonly used term is 'combustion'. In the case of hydrogen, the product of combustion is simply water. For the other hydrocarbon fuels, water and carbon dioxide are produced. The heat is released because the molecules of the products of combustion have a lower energy state than the molecules of the fuel and oxygen.

The word "oxygen" is often shorted to 'oxy', as in the term 'oxy-acetylene torch'.

The user must avoid any careless [[colloquial]] tendency to refer to oxygen as "air".

[[Oxygen]] is usually produced elsewhere by [[distillation]] of liquified air and shipped to the welding site in high pressure vessels (commonly called "tanks" or "[[gas cylinder|cylinders]]") at a pressure of about 21000 kPa (3000 lbf/in² = 200 atmospheres). It is also shipped as a liquid in [[Dewar]] type vessels (like a large [[Thermos]] jar) to places that use large amounts of oxygen. 

It is also possible to separate oxygen from air by passing the air, while under pressure, through a [[zeolite]] sieve which selectively absorbs the [[nitrogen]] and lets the oxygen (and [[argon]]) pass. This gives a purity of oxygen of about 93%. This works well for [[brazing]].

==Learning to operate an oxyacetylene torch==
If you have not been trained in oxyacetylene welding or brazing, get help and advice from a knowledgeable person or enroll in a [[community college]] course. Oxyacetylene welding is not difficult, but there are a good number of subtle points that should be learned such as:-
*Do not use more than 1/7 the capacity of the cylinder per hour.
*Do not run acetylene at above 15 psi pressure.
*Do not use Wikipedia as your sole source of oxyacetylene safety information.
The material below highlights many of the important points, but should be supplemented by personal instruction and a good welding [[textbook]].

==Safety==
Know how to contact emergency services at whatever site you are working. Welding is a practical and satisfying art; however, oxyacetylene welding can be dangerous. Severe and fatal burns and violent building-destroying explosions can result from inattention and carelessness. Do not get distracted by other matters (e.g. a conversation, a sports commentary, etc) during welding or cutting: "distraction causes destruction". Familiarize yourself with safety procedures and weld safely!

Before using an oxyacetylene set, ensure that flammable materials such as [[grease]], [[oil]], [[paint]], [[sawdust]], etc are cleared from the area and [[workpiece]]s. Oil and grease can spontaneously ignite and burn violently in the presence of pure oxygen. For this reason it is important to wear clean clothing (preferably a [[boilersuit]]) free from oil and grease.

Wear shaded [[goggles]] with enclosed sides, or a shield with a Minimum #4 shaded lens to protect your eyes from glare and flying sparks and splatter. [[Sunglasses]] are '''''not''''' adequate. Wear leather gloves to help protect your hands from burns. Wear clothes and shoes/boots appropriate for welding; the boots should have steel toecaps because of the risk from dropped objects.

===Acetylene leakage===
The [[flux]]es and filler rods and base metals heated during welding and brazing all release toxic [[fumes]], and acetylene gas is highly explosive, so ensure adequate ventilation before welding. Acetylene is often described as having a sweet [[garlic]]-like smell. If you can smell it in the air and do not know where it is coming from, evacuate the area immediately. Call the fire department from a phone '''outside''' of the area, as a phone can start a fire or explosion in vapours.
Fuel gases heavier than air (such as Propane, Propylene, MAPP, and Butane), can pool in low areas if allowed to escape, so special care should be taken to not use these gases over areas where they can collect (such as over basements, sinks, storm drains, etc.).

''Detecting no smell does not mean that no gas is escaping. The gas may not be reaching your nose, or your sense of smell may have been dulled by a nose infection or smoking.''

===Other gas hazards===
In confined spaces, [[gasmask|respirator masks]] designed for welding can be used. For the home welder, an outdoor area is probably the most practical, though the weld site should be protected from winds as wind will disperse the heat of the flame. Never weld on containers that have previously contained [[toxic]] or [[flammable]] substances. Do not weld inside enclosed spaces or in tanks where the only ventilation comes from above - you might suffocate. Some fuel gases have an [[anaesthetic]]-type effect when breathed.

===Hazard from hot flying droplets===
Leather gloves with long cuffs, and heavy work boots (preferably with steel [[Steel-toe boots|toecaps]]) are recommended. Do not wear [[trainer (footwear)|trainers]] or [[sneaker (footwear)|sneakers]] or [[running shoes]], as falling or flying droplets and bits of hot metal will instantly burn through them and continue burning through the operator's foot. Long trousers and shirt sleeves should be worn, or preferably a [[boilersuit]]. Do not roll up sleeves or trouser legs, as the rolled cuffs could catch sparks. Leather aprons and flameproof jackets can be used to protect the operator. Many operators use a welding cap, or a [[baseball cap]] put on backwards, to stop sparks from lodging in hair or going down the neck of the shirt.

[[Image:Blowtorching goggles and helmet.jpg|thumb|Blowtorching goggles and safety helmet]]

===Hazard from flame glare===
Eye protection is necessary. Although gas welding does not generate the same intensity of [[ultraviolet light]] as [[arc welding]], UV light is produced. In fact a pure [[hydrogen]] flame radiates completely in the UV band of the spectrum. In addition to UV, sparks and infra-red radiation are still very dangerous, potentially causing burns and foreign body injuries. Safety gear such as shaded enclosed protective [[goggles]] should be adjusted before lighting. For brazing and light welding, "shade 5" goggles can be used.

Notes:
*Gas welding goggles and [[arc welding]] masks are not the same.
*[[Sunglasses]] are not suitable as they do not protect around the sides and are not dark enough.

===Fire risks===
Before using an oxyacetylene setup, ensure that a fire extinguisher in good working order is present. Water does not work on oil and grease fires, but a bucket of water can be handy for putting out small wood fires and quenching parts. A wet cloth can also be used to extinguish a flame on a hose or fitting. Sand can also be used to put out fires. It is also generally handy to have at least one pair of heavy pliers around for moving hot things if necessary. Be sure your workspace is well organized before starting. Have tools laid out where they can be easily reached and make sure there is nothing that you can trip up on. A fireproof surface should be used for welding. Steel table tops and [[firebrick]]s are commonly used. Avoid distractions such as trying to have a [[conversation]] or listen to a radio sports commentary as you work.

Do not use pressurized oxygen for blowing dirt out or cleaning clothing. The oxygen can saturate the material making it eight times more flammable!

===Safety with cylinders===
When using fuel and oxygen tanks they should be fastened securely upright to a wall or a post or a portable cart. An oxygen tank is especially dangerous for the reason that the oxygen is at a pressure of 21 MPa (3000 lbf/in² = 200 [[atmosphere]]s) when full, and if the tank falls over and its valve strikes something and is knocked off, the tank will become an extremely deadly flying missile propelled by the compressed oxygen. For this reason, never move an oxygen tank around without its valve cap screwed in place.

On your oxyacetylene torch system there will be three types of [[valve]]s, the tank valve, the [[regulator]] valve, and the torch valve. There will be one of them for each gas. The gas in the [[tank]]s or [[gas cylinder|cylinder]]s is at high pressure. Oxygen cylinders are generally filled to something like 2200 psi. The regulator converts the high pressure gas to a low pressure stream suitable for welding. Never attempt to directly use high-pressure gas.

Never lay an acetylene tank on its side while being used. An acetylene tank contains acetone in which the acetylene is dissolved. If the tank was laid down while being transported, it must be set upright, valve on top, and given enough time (>30 min) for the acetone to settle back into the [[sorbent]]. If these precautions are not followed, acetone may be drawn into the gas lines, thus creating a space in the top of the acetylene tank devoid of [[sorbent]] ([[kapok]], [[bunting]], or [[acetone]]). If this void space becomes large enough, the gaseous acetylene in the void may explosively decompose inside the tank causing damage to life and/or property.

Never lay a propane or other liquefied gas tank on its side while being used, as in the tank the gas is liquefied by pressure, and this liquid would start to come out through the valve. If it was laid down while being transported, it must be set upright, valve on top. If an oxygen or hydrogen cylinder is laid on its side, secure it so that it cannot roll around.

==Setting up the equipment==
Read the safety considerations.
 Reread the safety considerations.

Remove the oxygen cylinder's valve cap. With the valve opening pointed away from the welder, open the valve slightly for just a moment and then close it. This serves two purposes:-
*It blows out any dirt or dust that may have settled in the valve. This dirt would otherwise end up in the regulator and shorten its life and accuracy.
*When a tank is filled, workmen have a tendency to tighten the valve securely to make certain it is closed completely. It is better to break it loose now than when the regulator is in place.
Attach the oxygen regulator and tighten the nut. Never use pliers, as the pliers will soon damage the brass nut; always use a [[wrench]]/[[spanner]]. Also, welders tend to overtighten the nut. If the connection is not leaking, then the nut is tight enough. If a great amount of [[torque]] is needed to stop it leaking, or if it will not stop leaking despite any amount of tightening, then there is something wrong with the nut or the [[gasket]] or the valve.

Attach the fuel regulator to the fuel tank in the same manner. The nut on the fuel regulator usually has a left-hand thread.

Attach the flexible hoses from the regulators to the torch. The oxygen hose is usually colored blue (green in the [[USA]]) and the fuel hose red. The fuel hose has left-hand threaded connectors at both ends and the oxygen hose has right-hand threaded connectors.

Ensure that the hoses are untangled and kept well clear of the flame. It is a good practice to quickly check the hoses for cracks and abrasion before use. Generally, tanks are set up behind the welding area and the hoses run backwards away from the weld site to minimize chances of sparks hitting hoses.

Make sure that the regulator valves are turned all the way out and that all the valves on the torch are closed.

Screw out the knobs on the regulators until loose (0 setting).

Make sure the valves are easily accessible in case emergency shutdown is necessary.

Open the valves on the fuel and oxygen tanks, slowly to minimize the impact of unleashing highly compressed gases on the regulators. Do not stand directly in front of the regulator gauges, as malfunctioning gauges can blow glass and bits outwards. Open the oxygen valve slightly and then wait while the high-pressure gauge on the regulator stops rising. Then open the valve fully, until it stops turning. This is a backstop valve. Turning the valve all the way out prevents leakage through the packing of the valve.

Open the fuel valve also.
*Only open an acetylene valve one quarter turn. This helps prevent the acetylene from being drawn off too quickly. If acetylene 'bubbles' too rapidly from the acetone, it might become unstable.
*Open the valve on a [[liquified petroleum gas|LPG]] tank out completely as on an oxygen tank and for the same reasons.
If the setup has not been used in a while, you may wish to check for leaks. With the torch valves closed and the regulators open, shut off the tank valves and observe the line pressure for several minutes. If the pressure falls, there is a leak in the system. Bubble solution can be used to test connections for leaks. Never use a setup with a leak! If there are any leaks in the connections or regulators or torch, or any other faults with the equipment, there is a safety hazard and the equipment should not be used.

Never oil an oxygen regulator. It will cause a fire or explosion: solid brass regulators can be blown apart from the force. Keep oxygen away from all combustibles.

It is recommended that you purge the gas hoses before use to ensure that no oxygen is in the acetylene line and vice versa. Ensure that you have adequate ventilation to get rid of the gases which will be blown out of the hoses. For a 20-foot hose, open the torch's acetylene valve for 5 seconds to let any oxygen be blown out of the acetylene hose. For a longer hose, consult a welding reference. Close the torch valve and repeat for the other hose.

Turn both regulator valves inwards until you reach the desired pressure.
*For welding with a smaller tip (size 0), use 5 psi for the oxygen and 5 psi for the acetylene. For other tips consult a welding reference. For larger tips it is important to make sure that you do not draw more than 1/7 capacity of the acetylene tank per hour.
*For cutting, use 15 psi for the oxygen and 2 psi for the acetylene; but these amounts can vary somewhat according to what is being cut. NOTE: DO NOT SET THE ACETYLENE REGULATOR VALVE HIGHER THAN 15 PSI (103 kPa)!: if you do, the acetylene can explosively decompose into carbon and hydrogen gas all by itself.
 Open the acetylene torch valve a very small amount (1/4 turn) and light with a [[spark lighter]].

Once the flame is lit, open the acetylene valve just until the flame stops smoking. With a normal-sized torch you should get a flame about 8 inches long with a toothy splintering end.

Now open the oxygen torch valve until the flame loses its feather around its inner core, but no farther than this amount. This is called a "neutral" flame, where the oxygen and the fuel gas completely consume each other and the burnt gases do not chemically alter the metal to be welded or brazed. An [[oxidation|oxidising]] flame has an excess of oxygen. A [[Redox|reducing]] flame has an excess of fuel ([[carbon]]). An oxidising flame is used for cutting. A reducing flame is used for [[Annealing (metallurgy)|annealing]] e.g. to soften steel sheet metal.

==Sorts of flame==
An '''acetylene flame''' (as is characteristic of most fuel/oxygen flames) has two parts; the light blue to white colored inner cone and the blue colored outer cone. The inner cone is where the acetylene and the oxygen combine. The tip of this inner cone is the hottest part of the flame. In the inner cone the acetylene breaks down and partly burns to [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon monoxide]], which in the outer cone combine with more oxygen from the surrounding air and burn.

A neutral flame has a well-defined inner cone. A reducing flame has a feathery inner cone. An oxidising flame has a smaller inner cone that is sharply defined and is pale blue. The welder observes this while adjusting the fuel and oxygen valves on the torch to get the correct balance for the job at hand. There is also a difference in the noise the flame makes. Adjusting the flame is not a hard thing to do after a little experience and practice.

The size of the flame can be adjusted to a limited extent by the valves on the torch and by the regulator settings, but in the main it depends on the size of the orifice in the tip. In fact, the tip should be chosen first according to the job at hand, and then the regulators set accordingly.

===Welding===
The flame is applied to the base metal and held until a small puddle of molten metal is formed. The puddle is moved along the path where the weld bead is desired. Usually, more metal is added to the puddle as it is moved along by means of dipping metal from a wire ("welding rod" or "filler rod") into the molten metal puddle. The force of the jet of flame issuing from the torch tip helps to manipulate the puddle. The amount of heat can be controlled by the distance of the flame from the metal, as well as the gas flow rate and nozzle size selected. There should be a bright incandescent spot on the molten puddle. When the puddle is correctly maintained, a sound weld will result.

===Cutting===
For cutting, the set-up is a little different. A cutting torch has a 60 or 90-degree angled head with six orifices placed around a central jet. The six outer jets are for oxygen and acetylene (oxy-propane devices use an array of many jets) and the central jet carries only oxygen.

The flame is not intended to melt the metal, but to bring it to its [[ignition temperature]].

The torch's trigger blows extra oxygen at high pressure down the torch's third tube out of the central jet into the workpiece, causing the metal to burn and blowing the resulting molten oxide through to the other side and off the workpiece completely. The ideal cut is a narrow gap with a sharp edge on either side of the workpiece; overheating the workpiece and thus melting through it causes a rounded edge.

[[Image:OxygenRichBlowTorchFlame.jpg|thumb|Oxygen Rich Butane Blow Torch Flame]]
[[Image:FuelRichBlowTorchFlame.jpg|thumb|Fuel Rich Butane Blow Torch Flame]]
[[Image:Railway-cutting-2-a.jpg|thumb|Cutting a rail just before renewing the rails and the ballast.]]

Cutting is initiated by heating the edge of the steel to melting point using the six pre-heat jets only, then using the separate cutting oxygen valve to release the oxygen from the central jet. The steel is instantly oxidized into molten [[iron oxide]], producing the cut. It is worth noting several things at this point:-
*The oxygen flowrate is critical — too little will make a slow ragged cut; too much will waste oxygen and produce a wide concave cut. Many torches do not have a separate pressure control for the cutting oxygen, so the cutting oxygen pressure must be controlled using the oxygen regulator. Typically for cutting the oxygen pressure from the regulator will be set higher than for welding.
*The oxidation of iron by this method is highly exothermic. Once started, steel can be cut at a surprising rate, far faster than if it was merely melted through. At this point, the pre-heat jets are there purely for assistance. The rise in temperature will be obvious by the intense glare from the ejected material, even through proper goggles (which, typically, should be darker than goggles used for welding). (''A [[thermic lance]] is a tool which also uses rapid oxidation of iron to cut through almost any material.'')
*Since the melted metal is blown out of the workpiece, there must be room on the opposite side of the workpiece for the spray to exit. When possible, pieces of metal are cut on a grate that lets the melted metal fall freely to the ground. The same equipment can be used for oxyacetylene blowtorches and welding torches, by exchanging the part of the torch in front of the torch valves.

For a basic oxy-acetylene rig, the cutting speed in light steel section will usually be nearly twice as fast as a [[petrol]]-driven cut-off grinder. The advantages when cutting large sections are obvious - an oxy-fuel torch is light, small and quiet and needs very little effort to use, whereas a [[cut-off grinder]] is heavy and noisy and needs considerable operator exertion and may vibrate severely, leading to stiff hands and possible long-term [[repetitive strain injury]].

Robotic oxy-fuel cutters sometimes use a high-speed divergent nozzle. This uses an oxygen jet that opens slightly along its passage. This allows the compressed oxygen to expand as it leaves, forming a high-velocity jet that spreads less than a parallel-bore nozzle, allowing a cleaner cut. These are not used for cutting by hand since they need very accurate positioning above the work. Their ability to produce almost any shape from large steel plates gives them a secure future in [[shipbuilding]] and in many other industries.

Oxy-[[propane]] torches are usually used for cutting up scrap to save money, as [[LPG]] is far cheaper [[joule]]-for-joule than acetylene, although propane does not produce acetylene's very neat cut profile. Propane also finds a place in production, for cutting very large sections.

==Shutting down==
To shut down the torch:-
# There are opinions about which gas to switch off first:
## Close the oxygen torch valve first; the acetylene will then blow all oxygen out of the torch. Then close the acetylene (fuel) valve. This is because switching the acetylene off first may cause a 'pop' (a very slight gas explosion in the torch head), which can damage the torch assembly and make soot in the gas passages.
## Close the acetylene torch valve first, as closing the oxygen torch valve first will leave a flame being sustained by the acetylene. When the acetylene is shut off, it burns down to the nozzle orifice as the blowpipe pressure drops to [[Atmospheric pressure|ambient]]. Oxygen between the oxygen valve and the mixing chamber will expand as the blowpipe pressure drops. If the flame reaches the orifice while the blowpipe is filled with a mixture of oxygen and acetylene, it may cause a 'pop'; as the mixture is very acetylene heavy, it produces soot inside the blowpipe. The only thing keeping the flame outside the nozzle is the pressure; so if the acetylene is cut off first, the flame will starve while the pressure is enough to keep it from getting back to the orifice.
# Close both the cylinder valves.
# When the torch nozzle has cooled enough not to re-light the flame, turn on the torch valves again, one at a time (acetylene first), to bleed any remaining pressure in the hoses, then close the torch valves again.
# Turn the regulator valves counterclockwise until there is no resistance on the adjusting screws, and they turn freely.
# Coil up lead and torch neatly and carefully onto cart, and put away cart.

As written in The Harris Calorific Instruction Manual:-
 Shutting Down Equipment
# First close torch oxygen "OX" valve, then close torch fuel "GAS" valve. This sequence will prevent flame from popping out at shut down.
# Close supply valves for both gases
# Bleed off all oxygen at torch "OX" valve, then close the valve.
# Bleed off all fuel gas at torch "GAS" valve, then close the valve.
# All pressure gauges should read 0 PSI. Turn both pressure regulator adjusting keys counterclockwise until loose.

==See also==
*[[Water torch]]
*[[Oxyhydrogen flame]]
*[[Thermal lance]]
*[[Underwater welding]]

==External links==
* [http://64.78.42.182/sweethaven/BldgConst/Welding/lessonmain.asp?lesNum=4&modNum=1 More on oxyacetylene]
* [http://www.fortunecity.com/village/lind/247/weld_book/Ch11.htm Oxygen fuel gas welding procedures]
* http://www.weldinghistory.org/history/welding/index.html
* http://www.welding.com/history_of_welding.shtml
* [http://www.fullbooks.com/Oxy-Acetylene-Welding-and-Cutting1.html An e-book about oxy-gas cutting and welding]
* http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1465099
* [http://torchbrazing.com Torch Brazing Information]

==References==
*''Modern Welding'' by Althouse, Turnquist, and Bowditch. The Goodheart-Willcox Co. 1970
*''The Welding Encyclopedia'', The Welding Engineer staff, ninth ed. 1938
{{Metalworking - Welding}}


[[Category:Welding]]
[[Category:Cutting tools]]
[[Category:Hydrogen technologies]]
[[Category:Fireplaces]]
[[Category:Oxygen]]

[[de:Autogenschweißen]]
[[es:Oxicorte]]
[[id:Las karbit]]
[[nl:Autogeen lassen]]
[[pl:Palnik acetylenowo-tlenowy]]
[[pt:Oxicorte]]

Murrumbidgee River

2007-06-06T11:44:38Z

Lord fabs: /* River crossings */ Updated caption with a link to the bridge.

{{Infobox_river | river_name = Murrumbidgee
| image_name = MurrumbidgeeAtGundagai.jpg
| caption = The Murrumbidgee at Gundagai
| origin = [[Australian Alps]]
| mouth = confluence with the [[Murray River]]
| basin_countries =
| length = 900 km (mainstream)
| elevation = 1600 m
| discharge =
| watershed = 80,000 km²
}}

The '''Murrumbidgee River''' is a major river in the state of [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], and the [[Australian Capital Territory]]. It is a major [[tributary]] of the [[Murray River]].

The word ''Murrumbidgee'' means "big water" or possibly "track goes down here" or "a very good place" in the [[Wiradjuri language]], the local [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]] language.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gnb.nsw.gov.au/name/extract?id=ujjLjzxOIt | title = Murrumbidgee River | work = Geographical Names Register Extract | publisher = Geographical Names Board of New South Wales | accessdate = 2006-08-07}}; {{cite web | year = | url = http://www.wagga.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx?item=home&sub=aboutww&sub2=river | title = About Wagga Wagga - Murrumbidgee River & Floods | work = | publisher = Wagga Wagga City Council | accessdate = 2006-07-13}}; and ''A History of Australia'', Macmillan Education Australia, © Stephen Gard 2000, MacquarieNet 2002 (online edition) retrieved through the ACT Public Library Service and accessible only to subscribers. </ref>

== Flow ==
[[Image:Murray darling murrumbidgee map.gif|thumb|350px|The Murrumbidgee is a major tributary of the Murray River]]
Seasonally, this river system used to have large flows but now that it is a regulated stream, flows are only high when releases are made from upstream storages to supply downstream irrigators.

It is is generally not appreciated that the ACT reaches of the Murrumbidgee is now affected by the complete elimination of large spring snow melt flows and a reduction of average annual flows of almost 50%, due to [[Tantangara Dam]]. Tantangara Dam was built in 1962 on the headwaters of Murrumbidgee River and diverts approximately 99% of the river's flow at that point into [[Agunimon|Lake Eucumbene]]. This had extremely serious affects on native fish populations and other native aquatic life and has lead to serious habitat loss due to siltation. It can be fairly said that the Murrumbidgee River through the ACT is only half the river it used to be (e.g. <ref>Lintermans, M. (2000) ''The Status of Fish in the Australian Capital Territory : A Review of Current Knowledge and Management Requirements. Technical Report No. 15.'' Environment ACT, Canberra</ref> ).

The mainstream of the river system flows for 900 km.<ref name="NSWDeptEnvAndCnsrvtn">{{cite web | year = 1995 | url = http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/soe/95/9_4.htm | title = Murrumbidgee River Catchment | work = Catchment Case Studies | publisher = NSW Department of Environment and Conservation | accessdate = 2006-07-13}}</ref> The river's source in the Fiery Range of the [[Snowy Mountains]], part of the [[Australian Alps]] near [[Mount Kosciuszko]] and it flows to a confluence with the [[Murray River]]. For 66 kilometres, the river flows through the [[Australian Capital Territory]] near [[Canberra]], picking up the important tributaries of the [[Molonglo River|Molonglo]] and [[Cotter River|Cotter Rivers]].<ref>[http://www.environment.act.gov.au/bushparksandreserves/parksandreserves/murbidgcorridor Environment ACT - Murrumbidgee River Corridor]]</ref> The Murrumbidgee drains much of southern New South Wales and all of the [[Australian Capital Territory]], and is an important source of irrigation water for the [[Riverina]] farming area.

The river system's current channels are relatively new with the Upper Murrumbidgee being an anabranch of the [[Tumut River]] (that once continued north along Mutta Mutta Creek) when geological uplift near Adaminaby diverted its flow. The contemporary Murrumbidgee starts at Gundagai but generally the stream that now includes the Upper Murrumbidgee is described as being part of the full river. <ref>Sharp, K.R. Cenzoic volcanism, tectonism, and stream derangement in the Snowy Mountains and northern Monaro of New South Wales, in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences(2004)51,67-83</ref>

== Exploration ==

The Murrumbidgee River was known to Europeans before it was actually discovered by them.  In 1820 the explorer [[Charles Throsby]] informed the Governor of New South Wales that he anticipated finding "a considerable river of salt water (except at very wet seasons), called by the natives Mur-rum-big-gee".  Throsby reached the river in April 1821.<ref>Reed, A. W., ''Place-names of New South Wales: Their Origins and Meanings'', (Reed: 1969).</ref>

In [[1823 in Australia|1823]], Brigade-Major John Ovens and Captain [[Mark John Currie|Mark Currie]] came to the upper Murrumbidgee when exploring south of [[Lake George]].<ref>[http://www.cooma.nsw.gov.au/monaropioneers/explorers.htm Discovery of the Manaro]</ref>. In [[1829 in Australia|1829]], [[Charles Sturt]] and his party rowed and sailed down the length of the river from Narrandera to the Murray, and then down the Murray to the sea. They also rowed, sailing when possible, back up against the current.<ref>{{cite book | last = Sturt| first = Charles| authorlink = Charles Sturt | title = Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia | origyear = 1833 | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4330/4330.txt | format = txt | accessdate = 2006-08-26 | edition = | year = 2004 | publisher = Project Gutenberg EBook | location = | | id = | pages = | chapter = }}</ref> The Murrumbidgee basin was opened to settlement in the 1830s and soon became an important farming area.

[[image:Charles_Sturt_Monument.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Charles Sturt Monument located at Wagga Beach in [[Wagga Wagga, New South Wales|Wagga Wagga]]]]
[[Ernest Favenc]], when writing on Australian exploration, commented on the relatively tardy European discovery of the river and that the river retained a name used by [[Indigenous Australians]]: <blockquote>Here we may remark on the tenacity with which the Murrumbidgee River long eluded the eye of the white man. It is scarcely probable that Meehan and Hume, who on this occasion were within comparatively easy reach of the head waters, could have seen a new inland river at that time without mentioning the fact, but there is no record traceable anywhere as to the date of its discovery, or the name of its finder. When in 1823 Captain Currie and Major Ovens were led along its bank on to the beautiful Maneroo country by Joseph Wild, the stream was then familiar to the early settlers and called the Morumbidgee. Even in 1821, when Hume found the Yass Plains, almost on its bank, he makes no special mention of the river. From all this we may deduce the extremely probable fact that the position of the river was shown to some stockrider by a native, who also confided the aboriginal name, and so it gradually worked the knowledge of its identity into general belief. This theory is the more feasible as the river has retained its native name. If a white man of any known position had made the discovery, it would at once have received the name of some person holding official sway.<ref>{{cite book | last = Favenc | first = Ernest | authorlink = Ernest Favenc | title = The Explorers of Australia and their Life-work | origyear = 1908 | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10840/10840.txt | format = txt | accessdate = 2006-08-26 | edition = | year = 2004 | publisher = Project Gutenberg EBook | location = | | id = | pages = | chapter = Chapter 4}}</ref></blockquote>

== Floods ==
[[image:Murrumbidgee River Flood Marker.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Flood marker on the Murrumbidgee River showing the height of the 1974 floods]]
The most notable flood was in [[1852 in Australia|1852]] when the town of [[Gundagai, New South Wales|Gundagai]] was swept away and 89 people, a third of the town's population was killed. The town was rebuilt on higher ground.<ref>[http://www.emergency.nsw.gov.au/content.php/268.html Historic emegencies in NSW, Emergency NSW database]</ref>

In [[1925 in Australia|1925]], four people died and the flooding lasted for eight days.<ref>[http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/6a1bf6b4b60f6f05ca256d1200179a5b/f8472dcf9b9c1767ca256d3300058003?OpenDocument Australian Government Emergency Management database]</ref>

The river has risen above 23 feet at Gundagai eighty times between 1852 and 2002, an average of just under once every eleven years. Since 1925, flooding has been minor with the exception of floods in [[1974 in Australia|1974]]. In the 1852 disaster, the river rose to just over forty feet. The following year the river again rose to just over forty-one feet. The construction of [[Burrinjuck Dam]] from [[1907 in Australia|1907]] has significantly reduced flooding but, despite the dam, there were major floods in 1925 and 1974.<ref>{{cite book | last = Butcher | first = Cliff | year = 2002 | title = Gundagai: A track winding back | publisher = A. C. Butcher | location = Gundagai, NSW, Australia | id = ISBN 0-9586200-0-8 | pages = pages 84 - 98 | chapter = Chapter 9 Floods}}</ref>

The reduction in floods has consequences for wildlife, birds and trees. There has been a decline in bird populations and [[Eucalyptus largiflorens|black box]] flood plain eucalypt forest trees are starting to lose their crowns.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2001/s398444.htm ABC television transcript: ''Report warns of damage to Murrumbidgee River'' from 2001 7:30 Report program]</ref>

== Wetlands ==
Major wetlands along the Murrumbidgee or associated with the Murrumbidgee catchment include:<ref>[http://www.dlwc.nsw.gov.au/care/wetlands/activities/murrumbidgee/index.html NSW Separtment of Natural Resources Murrumbidgee Region]</ref>
*Lowbidgee Floodplain, 2,000 km² between Maude and Balranald
*Mid-Murrumbidgee Wetlands along the river from Narrandera to Carathool
*Tukerbill Swamp
*Tomneys Plain
*Micalong Swamp
*Lake George
*Yaouk Swamp
*Black Swamp & Coopers Swamp
*Big Badja Swamp

== Major tributaries ==
[[Image:CarrathoolBridge.JPG|thumb|220px|Bridge over the Murrumbidgee at [[Carrathool, New South Wales]].]]
*[[Naas River]]
*[[Molonglo River]]
**[[Queanbeyan River]]
*[[Cotter River]]
*[[Tumut River]]
*[[Yass River]]
*[[Lachlan River]]
**[[Abercrombie River]]

== Population centres ==

*[[Tharwa, Australian Capital Territory|Tharwa]]
*[[Yass, New South Wales|Yass]]
*[[Gundagai, New South Wales|Gundagai]]
*[[Wagga Wagga, New South Wales|Wagga Wagga]]
*[[Narrandera, New South Wales|Narrandera]]
*[[Yanco, New South Wales|Yanco]]
*[[Leeton, New South Wales|Leeton]]
*[[Darlington Point, New South Wales|Darlington Point]]
*[[Hay, New South Wales|Hay]]
*[[Balranald, New South Wales|Balranald]]

== River crossings ==
The list below notes past and present bridges that cross over the Murrumbidgee River. There were numerous other crossings before the bridges were constructed and many of these still exist today.
{{Listdev}}
*[[Tharwa Bridge]] 1895 - present
*Near the confluence with the [[Cotter River]]
*[[Wee Jasper, New South Wales|Wee Jasper]]: [[Taemas Bridge]] 1930 -
*[[Gobarralong, New South Wales|Gobarralong ]]: Gobarralong Bridge
*[[Gundagai, New South Wales#Bridges of Gundagai|Gundagai]]
**Prince Alfred Bridge 1867 -
**Railway bridge 1902 -
**Sheahan Bridge 1977 -
*Wagga Wagga
**Eunony Bridge 1975 -
**[[Hampden Bridge (Wagga Wagga)|Hampden Bridge]] 1895 - 1995
**Gobbagombalin Bridge 1997 -
**[[Murrumbidgee River Rail Bridge (Wagga Wagga)|Murrumbidgee River Rail Bridge]] 1881 - 2006 (Replaced with concrete bridge)
**Wiradjuri Bridge opened 1995
*Narrandera
**Rail bridge
*Darlington Point
**concrete bridge
*[[Yanco, New South Wales|Yanco]]: Euroley Bridge 2003 - (1929 Dare truss bridge was replaced by a concrete bridge in 2003)
*[[Carrathool, New South Wales|Carrathool]] - the last surviving example of a [[Bascule bridge|bascule lift span]] in a timber truss road bridge
<gallery>
Image:Murrumbidgee river tharwa bridge.jpg|Tharwa Bridge looking South; Tharwa is to the right
Image:Gundagai bridge 1885.jpg|The Prince Alfred bridge crosses the Murrumbidgee River at Gundagai, photographed c. 1885
Image:Wagga-railway-bridge.jpg|Wagga Wagga railway bridge. Known as the viaduct. Was dismantled and replaced by a [[Murrumbidgee River Rail Bridge (Wagga Wagga)|new concrete bridge.]]
Image:WaggaWaggaBridgeOverMurrumbidgee.jpg|Hampden Bridge at Wagga Wagga
</gallery>



== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.riob.org/ag2002/Murray-Darling-Murrumbidgee-HELP1.htm Nomination of Lower Murrumbidgee Catchment for UNESCO's HELP Pilot Demonstration Status by CSIRO]
*[http://waterinfo.dlwc.nsw.gov.au/drr/murrumbi/index.shtml Murrumbidgee River Flows recorded by NSW Water]
*[http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-erpc1 River pilot maps 1880-1918] / Echuca Historical Society

[[Category:Rivers of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Australian Capital Territory]]
[[Category:Riverina]]

[[et:Murrumbidgee]]
[[fr:Murrumbidgee]]
[[it:Murrumbidgee]]
[[lt:Marambidžis]]
[[pl:Murrumbidgee]]

Murrumbidgee River

2007-06-06T11:42:24Z

Lord fabs: /* River crossings */ Updated caption for thr

{{Infobox_river | river_name = Murrumbidgee
| image_name = MurrumbidgeeAtGundagai.jpg
| caption = The Murrumbidgee at Gundagai
| origin = [[Australian Alps]]
| mouth = confluence with the [[Murray River]]
| basin_countries =
| length = 900 km (mainstream)
| elevation = 1600 m
| discharge =
| watershed = 80,000 km²
}}

The '''Murrumbidgee River''' is a major river in the state of [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], and the [[Australian Capital Territory]]. It is a major [[tributary]] of the [[Murray River]].

The word ''Murrumbidgee'' means "big water" or possibly "track goes down here" or "a very good place" in the [[Wiradjuri language]], the local [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]] language.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gnb.nsw.gov.au/name/extract?id=ujjLjzxOIt | title = Murrumbidgee River | work = Geographical Names Register Extract | publisher = Geographical Names Board of New South Wales | accessdate = 2006-08-07}}; {{cite web | year = | url = http://www.wagga.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx?item=home&sub=aboutww&sub2=river | title = About Wagga Wagga - Murrumbidgee River & Floods | work = | publisher = Wagga Wagga City Council | accessdate = 2006-07-13}}; and ''A History of Australia'', Macmillan Education Australia, © Stephen Gard 2000, MacquarieNet 2002 (online edition) retrieved through the ACT Public Library Service and accessible only to subscribers. </ref>

== Flow ==
[[Image:Murray darling murrumbidgee map.gif|thumb|350px|The Murrumbidgee is a major tributary of the Murray River]]
Seasonally, this river system used to have large flows but now that it is a regulated stream, flows are only high when releases are made from upstream storages to supply downstream irrigators.

It is is generally not appreciated that the ACT reaches of the Murrumbidgee is now affected by the complete elimination of large spring snow melt flows and a reduction of average annual flows of almost 50%, due to [[Tantangara Dam]]. Tantangara Dam was built in 1962 on the headwaters of Murrumbidgee River and diverts approximately 99% of the river's flow at that point into [[Agunimon|Lake Eucumbene]]. This had extremely serious affects on native fish populations and other native aquatic life and has lead to serious habitat loss due to siltation. It can be fairly said that the Murrumbidgee River through the ACT is only half the river it used to be (e.g. <ref>Lintermans, M. (2000) ''The Status of Fish in the Australian Capital Territory : A Review of Current Knowledge and Management Requirements. Technical Report No. 15.'' Environment ACT, Canberra</ref> ).

The mainstream of the river system flows for 900 km.<ref name="NSWDeptEnvAndCnsrvtn">{{cite web | year = 1995 | url = http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/soe/95/9_4.htm | title = Murrumbidgee River Catchment | work = Catchment Case Studies | publisher = NSW Department of Environment and Conservation | accessdate = 2006-07-13}}</ref> The river's source in the Fiery Range of the [[Snowy Mountains]], part of the [[Australian Alps]] near [[Mount Kosciuszko]] and it flows to a confluence with the [[Murray River]]. For 66 kilometres, the river flows through the [[Australian Capital Territory]] near [[Canberra]], picking up the important tributaries of the [[Molonglo River|Molonglo]] and [[Cotter River|Cotter Rivers]].<ref>[http://www.environment.act.gov.au/bushparksandreserves/parksandreserves/murbidgcorridor Environment ACT - Murrumbidgee River Corridor]]</ref> The Murrumbidgee drains much of southern New South Wales and all of the [[Australian Capital Territory]], and is an important source of irrigation water for the [[Riverina]] farming area.

The river system's current channels are relatively new with the Upper Murrumbidgee being an anabranch of the [[Tumut River]] (that once continued north along Mutta Mutta Creek) when geological uplift near Adaminaby diverted its flow. The contemporary Murrumbidgee starts at Gundagai but generally the stream that now includes the Upper Murrumbidgee is described as being part of the full river. <ref>Sharp, K.R. Cenzoic volcanism, tectonism, and stream derangement in the Snowy Mountains and northern Monaro of New South Wales, in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences(2004)51,67-83</ref>

== Exploration ==

The Murrumbidgee River was known to Europeans before it was actually discovered by them.  In 1820 the explorer [[Charles Throsby]] informed the Governor of New South Wales that he anticipated finding "a considerable river of salt water (except at very wet seasons), called by the natives Mur-rum-big-gee".  Throsby reached the river in April 1821.<ref>Reed, A. W., ''Place-names of New South Wales: Their Origins and Meanings'', (Reed: 1969).</ref>

In [[1823 in Australia|1823]], Brigade-Major John Ovens and Captain [[Mark John Currie|Mark Currie]] came to the upper Murrumbidgee when exploring south of [[Lake George]].<ref>[http://www.cooma.nsw.gov.au/monaropioneers/explorers.htm Discovery of the Manaro]</ref>. In [[1829 in Australia|1829]], [[Charles Sturt]] and his party rowed and sailed down the length of the river from Narrandera to the Murray, and then down the Murray to the sea. They also rowed, sailing when possible, back up against the current.<ref>{{cite book | last = Sturt| first = Charles| authorlink = Charles Sturt | title = Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia | origyear = 1833 | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4330/4330.txt | format = txt | accessdate = 2006-08-26 | edition = | year = 2004 | publisher = Project Gutenberg EBook | location = | | id = | pages = | chapter = }}</ref> The Murrumbidgee basin was opened to settlement in the 1830s and soon became an important farming area.

[[image:Charles_Sturt_Monument.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Charles Sturt Monument located at Wagga Beach in [[Wagga Wagga, New South Wales|Wagga Wagga]]]]
[[Ernest Favenc]], when writing on Australian exploration, commented on the relatively tardy European discovery of the river and that the river retained a name used by [[Indigenous Australians]]: <blockquote>Here we may remark on the tenacity with which the Murrumbidgee River long eluded the eye of the white man. It is scarcely probable that Meehan and Hume, who on this occasion were within comparatively easy reach of the head waters, could have seen a new inland river at that time without mentioning the fact, but there is no record traceable anywhere as to the date of its discovery, or the name of its finder. When in 1823 Captain Currie and Major Ovens were led along its bank on to the beautiful Maneroo country by Joseph Wild, the stream was then familiar to the early settlers and called the Morumbidgee. Even in 1821, when Hume found the Yass Plains, almost on its bank, he makes no special mention of the river. From all this we may deduce the extremely probable fact that the position of the river was shown to some stockrider by a native, who also confided the aboriginal name, and so it gradually worked the knowledge of its identity into general belief. This theory is the more feasible as the river has retained its native name. If a white man of any known position had made the discovery, it would at once have received the name of some person holding official sway.<ref>{{cite book | last = Favenc | first = Ernest | authorlink = Ernest Favenc | title = The Explorers of Australia and their Life-work | origyear = 1908 | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10840/10840.txt | format = txt | accessdate = 2006-08-26 | edition = | year = 2004 | publisher = Project Gutenberg EBook | location = | | id = | pages = | chapter = Chapter 4}}</ref></blockquote>

== Floods ==
[[image:Murrumbidgee River Flood Marker.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Flood marker on the Murrumbidgee River showing the height of the 1974 floods]]
The most notable flood was in [[1852 in Australia|1852]] when the town of [[Gundagai, New South Wales|Gundagai]] was swept away and 89 people, a third of the town's population was killed. The town was rebuilt on higher ground.<ref>[http://www.emergency.nsw.gov.au/content.php/268.html Historic emegencies in NSW, Emergency NSW database]</ref>

In [[1925 in Australia|1925]], four people died and the flooding lasted for eight days.<ref>[http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/6a1bf6b4b60f6f05ca256d1200179a5b/f8472dcf9b9c1767ca256d3300058003?OpenDocument Australian Government Emergency Management database]</ref>

The river has risen above 23 feet at Gundagai eighty times between 1852 and 2002, an average of just under once every eleven years. Since 1925, flooding has been minor with the exception of floods in [[1974 in Australia|1974]]. In the 1852 disaster, the river rose to just over forty feet. The following year the river again rose to just over forty-one feet. The construction of [[Burrinjuck Dam]] from [[1907 in Australia|1907]] has significantly reduced flooding but, despite the dam, there were major floods in 1925 and 1974.<ref>{{cite book | last = Butcher | first = Cliff | year = 2002 | title = Gundagai: A track winding back | publisher = A. C. Butcher | location = Gundagai, NSW, Australia | id = ISBN 0-9586200-0-8 | pages = pages 84 - 98 | chapter = Chapter 9 Floods}}</ref>

The reduction in floods has consequences for wildlife, birds and trees. There has been a decline in bird populations and [[Eucalyptus largiflorens|black box]] flood plain eucalypt forest trees are starting to lose their crowns.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2001/s398444.htm ABC television transcript: ''Report warns of damage to Murrumbidgee River'' from 2001 7:30 Report program]</ref>

== Wetlands ==
Major wetlands along the Murrumbidgee or associated with the Murrumbidgee catchment include:<ref>[http://www.dlwc.nsw.gov.au/care/wetlands/activities/murrumbidgee/index.html NSW Separtment of Natural Resources Murrumbidgee Region]</ref>
*Lowbidgee Floodplain, 2,000 km² between Maude and Balranald
*Mid-Murrumbidgee Wetlands along the river from Narrandera to Carathool
*Tukerbill Swamp
*Tomneys Plain
*Micalong Swamp
*Lake George
*Yaouk Swamp
*Black Swamp & Coopers Swamp
*Big Badja Swamp

== Major tributaries ==
[[Image:CarrathoolBridge.JPG|thumb|220px|Bridge over the Murrumbidgee at [[Carrathool, New South Wales]].]]
*[[Naas River]]
*[[Molonglo River]]
**[[Queanbeyan River]]
*[[Cotter River]]
*[[Tumut River]]
*[[Yass River]]
*[[Lachlan River]]
**[[Abercrombie River]]

== Population centres ==

*[[Tharwa, Australian Capital Territory|Tharwa]]
*[[Yass, New South Wales|Yass]]
*[[Gundagai, New South Wales|Gundagai]]
*[[Wagga Wagga, New South Wales|Wagga Wagga]]
*[[Narrandera, New South Wales|Narrandera]]
*[[Yanco, New South Wales|Yanco]]
*[[Leeton, New South Wales|Leeton]]
*[[Darlington Point, New South Wales|Darlington Point]]
*[[Hay, New South Wales|Hay]]
*[[Balranald, New South Wales|Balranald]]

== River crossings ==
The list below notes past and present bridges that cross over the Murrumbidgee River. There were numerous other crossings before the bridges were constructed and many of these still exist today.
{{Listdev}}
*[[Tharwa Bridge]] 1895 - present
*Near the confluence with the [[Cotter River]]
*[[Wee Jasper, New South Wales|Wee Jasper]]: [[Taemas Bridge]] 1930 -
*[[Gobarralong, New South Wales|Gobarralong ]]: Gobarralong Bridge
*[[Gundagai, New South Wales#Bridges of Gundagai|Gundagai]]
**Prince Alfred Bridge 1867 -
**Railway bridge 1902 -
**Sheahan Bridge 1977 -
*Wagga Wagga
**Eunony Bridge 1975 -
**[[Hampden Bridge (Wagga Wagga)|Hampden Bridge]] 1895 - 1995
**Gobbagombalin Bridge 1997 -
**[[Murrumbidgee River Rail Bridge (Wagga Wagga)|Murrumbidgee River Rail Bridge]] 1881 - 2006 (Replaced with concrete bridge)
**Wiradjuri Bridge opened 1995
*Narrandera
**Rail bridge
*Darlington Point
**concrete bridge
*[[Yanco, New South Wales|Yanco]]: Euroley Bridge 2003 - (1929 Dare truss bridge was replaced by a concrete bridge in 2003)
*[[Carrathool, New South Wales|Carrathool]] - the last surviving example of a [[Bascule bridge|bascule lift span]] in a timber truss road bridge
<gallery>
Image:Murrumbidgee river tharwa bridge.jpg|Tharwa Bridge looking South; Tharwa is to the right
Image:Gundagai bridge 1885.jpg|The Prince Alfred bridge crosses the Murrumbidgee River at Gundagai, photographed c. 1885
Image:Wagga-railway-bridge.jpg|Wagga Wagga railway bridge. Known as the viaduct. Was dismantled and replaced by a new concrete bridge.
Image:WaggaWaggaBridgeOverMurrumbidgee.jpg|Hampden Bridge at Wagga Wagga
</gallery>



== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.riob.org/ag2002/Murray-Darling-Murrumbidgee-HELP1.htm Nomination of Lower Murrumbidgee Catchment for UNESCO's HELP Pilot Demonstration Status by CSIRO]
*[http://waterinfo.dlwc.nsw.gov.au/drr/murrumbi/index.shtml Murrumbidgee River Flows recorded by NSW Water]
*[http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-erpc1 River pilot maps 1880-1918] / Echuca Historical Society

[[Category:Rivers of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Australian Capital Territory]]
[[Category:Riverina]]

[[et:Murrumbidgee]]
[[fr:Murrumbidgee]]
[[it:Murrumbidgee]]
[[lt:Marambidžis]]
[[pl:Murrumbidgee]]

Wagga Wagga railway station

2007-06-05T16:25:25Z

Lord fabs: help me use the old version image for now administrator please

[[Wagga-railway-station.jpg|350px|thumb|Wagga Wagga Railway Station]]
Wagga Wagga Railway Station was built in the early 1880s is located at Station Place in the [[Wagga Wagga, New South Wales|Wagga Wagga]] CBD. The station is used for [[Countrylink|Countrylink's]] Sydney to Melbourne service on the Great Southern Line.

== Maps ==

{{Geolinks-cityscale|-35.1167|147.3667}}

* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AS/2/Wagga_Wagga.html Rail & Topo Map (red dots)]

* Elevation = 147m

{| cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 align=center id=toc
!align=center colspan=5 style=background:#009900|[[Countrylink|Countrylink Southern]]
|-
|align=center|[[Junee, New South Wales|Junee]]
|align=center|↔
|align=center|'''[[Wagga Wagga, New South Wales|Wagga Wagga]]'''
|align=center|↔
|align=center|[[Uranquinty, New South Wales|Uranquinty]]
|-
|}

[[Category:Regional railway stations in New South Wales]]
[[Category:Wagga Wagga]]

File talk:Wagga-railway-station.jpg

2007-06-05T14:36:10Z

Lord fabs: /* Deletion request */

== Deletion request ==

My car is in the image. This outrages me highly, that my car is in an unauthorised photograph. I demand this photograph be removed. By the way, mine is the white commodore on the far right. Cropping is acceptable.[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 14:34, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

File talk:Wagga-railway-station.jpg

2007-06-05T14:34:10Z

Lord fabs: Deletion request

== Deletion request ==

My car is in the image. This outrages me highly, that my car is in an unauthorised photograph. I demand this photograph be removed.[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 14:34, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Uranquinty

2007-06-05T14:22:12Z

Lord fabs:

{{Infobox Australian Place
|type=town
|name=Uranquinty
|state=[[New South Wales]]
|image=PublicMemorialinUranquity.jpg
|caption=Uranquinty memorial to the Wives and Children of Refugees who worked on the Snowy Mountain Scheme
| county = [[Mitchell County, New South Wales|Mitchell]]
|lga=[[City of Wagga Wagga]]
|stategov=[[Electoral district of Wagga Wagga|Wagga Wagga]]
|fedgov=[[Division of Riverina|Riverina]]
|postcode=2652
|pop=641 (2001 Census) <ref>[http://www8.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ProductSelect?newproducttype=QuickStats&btnSelectProduct=View+QuickStats+%3E&areacode=UCL178400&geography=&method=&productlabel=&producttype=&navmapdisplayed=true&javascript=true&breadcrumb=LP&topholder=0&leftholder=0&currentaction=201&action=401&textversion=false| Australian Bureau of Statistics] 2001 Census QuickStats. Retrieved [[12 February]] [[2007]].</ref>
|poprank=
|est=
| dist1 = 15
| location1= [[Wagga Wagga]]
}}


'''Uranquinty''' is a small town approximately 15km south of [[Wagga Wagga, New South Wales|Wagga Wagga]] in the [[Riverina]] region of [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]. The population of the town is 641.

Uranquinty was used as the railway village when the railway line was being built from Wagga Wagga to Albury.

=== Uranquinty during World War II ===
Uranquinty has a distinquished record in relation to [[World War II]]. At the end of 1940 Uranquinty was chosen as the 5th Service Flying School (5 SFTS) for intermediate and advanced training of Empire Air Trainees. The site chosen for 5 SFTS was especially suitable because it was on the main [[Sydney]] to [[Melbourne]] railway line and comprised just over 1000 [[acres]] of land that was owned by the Lewington family. Possession of this land was taken under National Security (General) Regulation 54 which existed during the War years <ref> Details of these facts are displayed on a number of elaborate information boards that currently exist (2007) at the Uranquinty roadside barbeque area in the centre of the town. </ref>

=== Uranquinty Migrant Centre ===

The Uranquinty Migrant Centre was established as a result of the Displaced Persons Immigration Scheme that had been embarked upon by [[Prime Minister]] [[Ben Chifley|Chifley's]] government at the end of the Second World War as was a part of the ''Populate or Perish'' catchcry of the times.

[[Image:John&IlsaKonradsUranquintyPublicMemorial.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Public Memorial to Uranquinty's link with [[WWII]] refugees - Olympic Swimmers [[John Konrads]] & [[Ilsa Konrads]] are in the bottom left corner ]]
Under [[Arthur Calwell]], Australia's first Minister for Immigration, displaced persons still in camps within [[Germany]], [[Austria]] and [[France]] were chosen to fill the need for a constant supply of labour to the country. Reception and training centres were established in now disused army and RAAF camps in rural and remote areas such as Uranquinty from 1948, particularly because by then married displaced persons with their families were being allowed entry into Australia. Places like Uranquinty had the space to provide accommodation for the wives and children. Many of these displaced persons worked on the relatively nearby [[Snowy Mountains Scheme]].

One such family that arrived were the [[Latvia]]n-born Konrads family, two of whom would learn to swim in Uranquinty because their father was afraid they might drown in the numerous dams and creeks in the area. Those two, [[John Konrads|John]] and [[Ilsa Konrads]], would set between them 38 individual world records and go on to become Olympic medalists for their adopted country.

A public memorial in the centre of Uranquinty, situated directly on the Olympic Highway, displays information boards and other memorials to the history of displaced persons who stayed in the area during these years.

=== Uranquinty today === (needs to be updated)
Construction of the $400 million gas fired power plant at Uranquinty is planned to start in August 2006.

== Transport ==
Uranquinty is located on the [[Sydney, New South Wales|Sydney]] to [[Melbourne]] railway line. The station is still listed as ''in use'' but trains only stop at the station if a special request is made by a passenger wishing to disembark or embark at that station.<ref>[http://www.nswrail.net/locations/show.php?name=NSW:Uranquinty&line=NSW:main_south:0 Uranquinty Railway Station]</ref>{{Fact|date=May 2007}}

{| cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 align=center id=toc
!align=center colspan=5 style=background:#009900|[[Countrylink|Countrylink Southern]]
|-
|align=center|[[Wagga Wagga railway station, New South Wales|Wagga Wagga]]
|align=center|
|align=center|↔
|align=center|
|align=center|[[The Rock, New South Wales|The Rock]]
|-
|}

==Notes and References==
<references/>
{{commons}}

{{coor title dms|35|10|60|S|147|15|0|E|region:AU_type:village}}

{{Wagga Wagga City}}

{{Riverina}}

[[Category:Wagga Wagga]]
[[Category:Towns in New South Wales]]

User talk:Harryboyles

2007-06-05T14:20:18Z

Lord fabs: /* First anniversary of First Edit Day */

Talk:Fiber to the x

2007-05-23T11:05:27Z

Lord fabs: /* Restructuring proposal */

I suggest that [[FTTx]] shall be merged into this article.--[[User:Willpo|Willpo]] 07:10, 4 March 2006 (UTC)
:I've merged it. ~[[User:Mdd4696 |MDD]][[User_talk:Mdd4696 |46]][[Special:Contributions/Mdd4696 |96]] 06:28, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

I have restructured the article moving outside of it parts that were already explained in other articles [[User:cgbraschi|cgbraschi]] 26 February 2007

== Fibre to the cabinet ==
I am moving fibre to the cabinet to the fibre to the node line to align with the article it refers to (is redirected to fibre to the node)
--[[User:Cgbraschi|Cgbraschi]] 15:31, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

== Title change ==
I propose changing the title of this article from "FTTX" to "Fiber to the x" in order to make it more consistent with [[Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_%28acronyms%29#Acronyms_as_words_in_article_titles|Wikipedia's naming conventions on acronyms in titles]]. Such a change could be done using [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Moving_a_page Wikipedia's article moving feature], which would allow two good things:
# the current edit history would be preserved under the new name
# anyone searching for "FTTX" would be automatically redirected to "Fiber to the x"
[[User:Riick|Riick]] 04:44, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
:No one has written any comments and it has been over a week, so I have proceeded with the move. (We can use "move" to go back to the acronym title if we really need to.) If anyone objects to the spelled-out name, please discuss here before taking action. [[User:Riick|Riick]] 06:03, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

== Restructuring proposal ==
In current usage, the difference between FTTC and FTTN is very subtle, as both usually have in the end a similar architecture, the only difference being if the Curb is nearer than the node.
Given that the main tecnology behind both of them (VDSL2) is not able to reach more than 700m, any deployment farther away from the home is not practical, and the difference between the two disappears.
[http://www.telecommagazine.com/newsglobe/article.asp?HH_ID=AR_2927 Look this article] or if you don't want to register in google for "communications breakdown telecom magazine" and look at the cache of the first article.

I propose unifying both terms in the same line, and then consequently merging the FTTC and FTTN articles into one, leaving only three concepts inside FTTx: FTTH, FTTB and FTTN. This is the current use in the industry.
--[[User:Cgbraschi|Cgbraschi]] 15:16, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
:I was aware that there was an overlap between FTTN and FTTC, but not that FTTC was neccessarily a subset of FTTN. I thought that in cases where the switching equipment served just 2 or 3 houses it was ''not'' considered FTTN, and therefore should not be included in an FTTN article. We'll need to find some supporting references for this; please give me a week to investigate. In the meantime, if anyone knows of any evidence that either supports or denies the idea that FTTC is a type of FTTN, please post it here. (If we can establish this, then such a merge would be consistent with [[WP:MERGE#Merging|Wikipedia's discussion of merging]], which states, "''If a page is very short and cannot or should not be expanded terribly much, it often makes sense to merge it with a page on a broader topic.''") I have also posted tags on [[fiber to the node]] and [[fiber to the curb]] which link to this discussion. [[User:Riick|Riick]] 22:09, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

::There is little business case into using an equipment to serve just 2 or 3 houses (or even 10), usually the remaining copper loop is so small is worthwhile putting fibre instead. And no deployments. So even if it is a theoretical possibility, it has little deployment in practice, and very little architectural difference between FTTN and FTTC. I'd like to point out that FTTx is about architectures, and then there are different technologies. --[[User:Cgbraschi|Cgbraschi]] 17:11, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

:::I agree that FTTN and FTTC are nearly identical architectures. What I am not yet conviced of is the idea that current industry usage has FTTN referring to both. So I searched for examples where the term "FTTN" is used to describe FTTC-style architectures.

:::I did find a few articles where it might be possible to argue (based on the context) that FTTN is being used to include FTTC. Unfortunately, these articles do not specifically clarify what they mean by "FTTN", so it is hard to tell. [http://www.china-cic.org.cn/english/digital%20library/200612/13.pdf One article (see page "106")] ''does'' specifically state that FTTC is a type of FTTN. (It further states that FTTP is a type of FTTN- for them FTTP means FTTB.) With the exception of that one article, any articles which specifically describe the situation where the fiber comes close to the customer (ie less than 1000 ft) consistently draw a distinction between FTTC and FTTN. (Some use the term FTTCab instead of FTTN). Some of these articles acknowledge that there are borderline situations (where the ONT is 1000 feet from the farthest customer) in which either term could be used. But none give the impression that the term FTTN can be used in place of FTTC aside from these borderline situations.

:::So the question remains- Would most experts agree that the term "FTTN" includes those architectures where all customers are within less than 1000 feet (300 meters) of the fiber? If the answer is yes, then it would make sense to merge FTTC into FTTN. However, most of what I have seen so far indicates the answer is generally no. Therefore I don't ''yet'' agree with merging FTTC into FTTN.
:::—This is part of a comment by [[User:Riick|Riick]] {{#if:{{{2|}}}| (of {{{2}}}),|,}} which got interrupted by the following: 

::::I would ask it in another way: Is there any difference in the real architecture or technologies used between FTTN and FTTC? Although that may be self-appointing myself expert, I do think there is no practical difference. And you will have difficulties finding any practical instance of deployments with such a difference. And is difficult to prove that something does not exist. Unfortunately, it's not so easy to get everybody to agree, so I will expect for articles to keep on being inconsistent for a while. When and if have some more free time, I'll try to get references. --[[User:Cgbraschi|Cgbraschi]] 17:11, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

:::::I agree that FTTN and FTTC are so similar that it would be nice if the industry would just agree to call them the same thing. The difference seems to lie merely in the distance between the cabinet and the home. As you have argued, is this really enough difference to constitute seperate architectures?

:::::However, finding good references is crucial. Edits based on our own opinions and sense of logic have no place in Wikipedia and violate [[Wikipedia:Original research]], [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view]], and [[Wikipedia:Attribution]]. Our edits should first of all reflect the predominant view, regardless of whether we think it ''should'' be the predominant view (see the "neutral point of view" article, particularly [[wp:npov#undue weight]]). [[User:Riick|Riick]] 15:45, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

:::::Speaking of references, I should list my own references rather than just vaguely referring to them.
:::::*The references I encountered which support the view that FTTN and FTTC are different architectures (ie FTTN does not include FTTC) are:
:::::[http://telephonyonline.com/mag/telecom_tomorrows_solutiontoday/ (McKenney 1996)], [http://www.speedguide.net/glossary.php?page=4&sort=&category=&seek= (speedguide glossary)], [http://www.criticaltelecom.com/products/documents/GEmini%20FTTN_FTTC.pdf (Critical Telecom 2005)], [http://www.ospmag.com/issues/article/?articleid=00000397 (Doiron 2005)], [http://www.tellabs.com/news/emerge/06_spring/bellsouth_spring06.pdf (Engebretson, 2006)], [http://lw.pennnet.com/Articles/Article_Display.cfm?ARTICLE_ID=237501 (Bennington)], [http://www.adc.com/Library/Literature/103826AE.pdf (ADC white paper 2007)], [http://www.jdsu.com/test_and_measurement/Newsletters/05_Vol_08/tripleplay.html (JDSU 2005)], and [http://www.ftthcouncil.org/documents/763530.pdf (Bourgeois, 2005)]. Additionally, [http://www.ospmag.com/issues/article/?articleid=00000361 (McCullough 2005a)] and [http://lw.pennnet.com/Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=ARTCL&ARTICLE_ID=235622&VERSION_NUM=2&p=13 (McCullough 2005b)] draw a distinction both in distance and in the optical protocols used.

:::::*The references I encountered which support the view that FTTN is broad enough to include FTTC are:
:::::[http://www.china-cic.org.cn/english/digital%20library/200612/13.pdf (Gorshe 2006, p.106)] and possibly [http://china.seekingalpha.com/article/12632 (Schmitt 2006)].
:::::—This is part of a comment by [[User:Riick|Riick]] {{#if:{{{2|}}}| (of {{{2}}}),|,}} which got interrupted by the following: 

:::::: Another one from ARCEP [http://www.arcep.fr/fileadmin/reprise/dossiers/fibre/slides-fttx-prog-101106ang.pdf ARCEP "Very High Speed Points of Reference and Outlook" (2006)] --[[User:Cgbraschi|Cgbraschi]] 08:48, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

:::::*And the references which I found not particularly convincing either way include:
:::::[http://www.convergedigest.com/voip/voiparticle.asp?ID=18393 (Converge 2006)], [http://www.broadbandreports.com/faq/3383 (broadbandreports.com 2002)], [http://www.polarisventures.com/NewsEvents/NewsDetail.asp?PressReleaseID=%7B590833FF-E34D-4705-92AB-013218B79303%7D (Polaris 2007)], [http://www.telecoms-mag.com/newsglobe/article.asp?HH_ID=AR_2279 (Buckley, 2006)], [http://www.igigroup.com/holliday/07.01.04.pdf (IGI 2004)], [http://www.rp-photonics.com/fiber_to_the_home.html (rp photonics encyclopedia)], [http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:F71m-qSr0V8J:www.huawei.com/file/download.do%3Ff%3D406+fttb+dsl&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=7&gl=us (Hongyuan 2006)], [http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=119435 (Light Reading 2007)],[http://telephonyonline.com/mag/telecom_pontificating_future/ (Lindstrom 2001)], [http://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/105432/the_fast_show/index.html (Gill-More 2004)], [http://www.teledata-networks.com/data/SIP_STORAGE/files/1/221.pdf (Teledata 2004)], [http://ictlab.tyict.vtc.edu.hk/~eddieng/broadband/BNChapter7.pdf (Broadband Networks Chapter 7)], [http://www.entropic-communications.com/media/AccessSDK.pdf (Entropic Communications)], and [http://lw.pennnet.com/articles/lw_onlinearticles.cfm (FTTX Resouce Center ad)].

:::::Those are just the ones that don't use FTTCab in place of FTTN. I will post the FTTCab list as the need arises. [[User:Riick|Riick]] 15:45, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

:::This said, I do think it might be appropriate to include a paragraph saying that although the meaning of FTTN is generally distinct from FTTC, some people use it more broadly so that FTTN = FTTCab + FTTC + FTTB. [[User:Riick|Riick]] 00:25, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

:::: I don't think it would be such a good idea, it would add to the confusion... And I thought it was already agreed that FTTN = FTTCab. --[[User:Cgbraschi|Cgbraschi]] 17:11, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

:::::For me, when conflicting views are printed side by side it actually helps to aleviate confusion. At any rate, [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view]] makes it clear that we do need to at least mention the alternate FTTN definitions in use (unless they are really fringe). [[User:Riick|Riick]] 15:45, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

: Well FWIW, I work for (the former) Bellsouth. Bellsouth has a system that is described out of the box as a FTTC platform. The MX DISCs is designed to drop a fiber to the serving terminal of the customer linking them back to a larger node. It serves generally 1-24 lines with an engineered design range of roughly 1000ft or less. They make a clear distinction that the MX is a FTTC platform as opposed to normal DISCs which is designed as a FTTN system. We don't use FTTN interchangebly with FTTC though but the distinction between them is rather soft. For example, a DISCS can be placed inside of a large business or a MX shelf can be placed inside of an apartment complex but we never call either one a FTTP platform. It really depends upon how the manufacturer bills the equipments' use. That's my informal understanding of it all.[[User:209.183.34.49|209.183.34.49]] 16:17, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

I say that fibre to the curb is an American term and should not be merged as the sole name of the network type, as usage of the term fibre to the curb would not be understood my most non Americans. Don't flame me :P [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 11:05, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

=== Merging the diagram ===
I added a diagram showing the differences between FTTN, FTTC, FTTB, and FTTH. If and when we do the merge, I offer to remove FTTC from the diagram in such a way that it still looks "nice". This should not be too difficult to do. [[User:Riick|Riick]] 20:23, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

=== Remove merge tags ===
I would like to remove the merge tags that have to do with this talk section's proposal (of merging the FTTC meaning into that of FTTN). Partly this is to reduce confusion in light of the alternate merge proposal now in existence (see [[talk:fiber to the x#Larger merger]]). Also it is because there has not been much recent discussion of this topic. Any objections? [[User:Riick|Riick]] 19:01, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

==Larger merger==
Yes, the diagram is very informative, but why keep all the little linked articles for each subtle distinction? Yes, different times and circumstances may call for running fiber to the neighborhood, kerbstone, basement, TV set or whatever, but why separate articles? They should all be sections, or perhaps merely bullet points, in one article called, Fiber to the x, Fiber in the loop, Optical local loop, Local fibre connection, Optical subscriber line, or whatever. It's not a big editing job; perhaps the difficult part will be agreeing a name for the consolidated article. [[User:Jim.henderson|Jim.henderson]] 20:13, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
:In regards to the comment about "fiber to the TV set or whatever", it is important to realize that FTTN/FTTCab, FTTC/FTTK, FTTB, and FTTH are industry terms with specific meanings and implications. For example, [[Fiber to the building]] does ''not'' just mean bringing a fiber to a building, but instead refers a specific network design where, among other things, the fiber that goes to the building is to be shared by multiple user groups.
:In regards to merging FTTN/FTTCab, FTTC/FTTK, FTTB, and FTTH into the FTTX article, this would make sense for the [[FTTN]] and [[FTTC]] article(s) since they are stubs. However, it would be a huge mistake to eliminate the [[FTTP]] article (in which FTTB and FTTH are described), because it has enough length, detail, and structure that it is far better as a stand-alone article. Instead, ''summaries'' of FTTB and FTTH could be incorporated into the FTTX article. Such summaries would need to contain a link to their more detailed description under their main article, FTTP. (See [[Template:Main]] for implimentation of link. See [[solar cell]] for an example of an article where some sections are actually summaries of more detailed articles.)
:[[User:Riick|Riick]] 17:48, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

== Merge "Fiber in the Loop"? ==

[[FITL]] seems almost identical to this article, and not as good. I propose merging it in... [[User:GregA|Greg]] 23:49, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

:Perhaps. Here are some points that should be discussed before taking action:
:# As I understand it, [[fiber in the loop]] is only applicable to telephone networks, whereas [[fiber to the x]] applies to both telephone and cable TV networks. ''If'' I have this right, then fiber in the loop would be a ''type'' of fiber to the x and could be merged.
:# Are there some ways to implement fiber in the loop which do ''not'' qualify as fiber to the x implementations? If so, then the merge should not be done.
:[[User:Riick|Riick]] 16:35, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
::Not a problem, far as I see. It just means FitL becomes the telco paragraph of FTTx instead of vice versa. Or if FTTx isn't a neutral name between catv and telco uses, pick a new and neutral name like [[Local fiber]]. So far as I see, the world's telephone exchanges and cable headends pretty much all got fibered together in the 1980s, and now we are in a second transition stage of reaching out to the last couple miles (few Km) to the end customers.
::Right in the earliest decade or two of the century it sometimes makes sense to reach only nineteen twentienths or three quarters of the way and use the old metallic connections for the final bit, thus we have these short articles on ftt kerbstone, cabinet, pedestal, neighbourhood, whatever. These short articles should all be merged into one, probably as sections of this one. The final fiber development stage where the fiber goes into the house and desk, that's already the topic of a large FttH article that talks about individual countries and service corporations, which should remain an independent article. [[User:Jim.henderson|Jim.henderson]] 20:40, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

User talk:Sandstein

2007-03-31T13:28:37Z

Lord fabs: /* <profanity redacted> */

'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Sandstein&action=edit&section=new Click here to leave me a new message.]'''. Please add four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) at the end of your message; this will create an identifying signature and timestamp.

If you were looking for my talk page's previous contents, they are in [[User_talk:Sandstein/Archive 1|Archive 1]], [[User_talk:Sandstein/Archive 2|Archive 2]] or [[User_talk:Sandstein/Archive 3|Archive 3]]. I will respond to messages on this page unless you request otherwise.
----

== Deletion of Unofficial Rugby Union Championship. ==

Hi there. Stupid question, when a page is deleted it's deleted for good, there's no trace of it anywhere, is there? The reason I ask is because I'm a member of an association who want to lobby the IRB to have a international trophy modelled on the [[Ranfurly Shield]] system and that page was deleted before we could add it to the dossier. I understand why it was deleted but it's a pity, could have been very helpful to us. [[User:Saebhiar|Saebhiar]] [[User Talk:Saebhiar|Adishatz]] 14:09, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

:If you want to access the deleted content of an article, I can restore it for you. Whether it will have any value in an administrative proceeding is another question. The article {{la|Unofficial Rugby Union Championship}} has never existed, though. Can you provide the exact title of the article you want, please? [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 14:29, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

== Deleted Article ==

I'm leaving you a message because I think the user Realkyhick recommended this article for deletion in an unsubstantiated manner. I told that user this:

We're really not trying to abuse the system here. The Government is not looking for free advertising. They've been a group for years, and are of notability on the CT shoreline. You definitely can't find the band on google if you search for alternative, CT, and the Gov, because the heading of Thegov.net does not include any of that as a description. Still don't see what the problem is. The local music scene is just as notable as the national, famous circuit, and just because you haven't heard of it doesn't mean its not worth having an article about.

Also, I've just added a bit of information to each that I was saving for the WIKI of the PCIA. The band acts as a sort of spokesman for the youth advocacy group PCIA, which is how I know them. They certainly DO exist, and, again, if you google search a string of words, you won't find what you're looking for.

Also, according to the guidelines posted, "A mere claim of notability, even if contested, may avoid deletion under A7 and require a full Article for Deletion process to determine if the subject of the article is notable."

I'd like to contest this deletion on the grounds of the previously mentioned claims of notability, and would like to assert that this user is not involved in the Connecticut music and political advocacy community, and, as I am, I qualify as a better source of information regarding their notability.

which asserts the importance of the band in the independent music scene of CT, and their involvement in a local Youth Advocacy group. I obviously couldn't convince the other user with that, but what more can be done to prove notability? That user is from alabama, and not CT. I , however am from CT, and know enough about the topic to contribute an article.
[[User:Thend|Thend]] 15:55, 9 March 2007 (UTC)Thend

:Please specify what article you are talking about by providing a link to it, [[like this]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 16:38, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

==Note==
''Intervening talk threads archived. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 18:30, 19 March 2007 (UTC)''

== The articles have already been merged ==

I checked and the two articles were merged so I simply deleted older unnecessary information, sorry for trying to make it easier.

Since the merger has already happened would you be so kind as to fix it and delete the unnecessary page,

like I tried to...

[[User:Meissmart|Meissmart]] 20:02, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

:Which articles do you mean? [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:08, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

== Help ==

Hello Sandstein, please review this [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3ACarabinieri&diff=115984257&oldid=115947664], I assume it as a very offensive, close to menace or intimidation. '''[[User:Tulkolahten|≈Tulkolahten≈]][[User_talk:Tulkolahten|≈talk≈]]''' 10:14, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
:Indef blocked per [[WP:NLT]]; see [[User talk:Dr. Steller]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 10:49, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== Vegetto's Response ==

Hi! I appreciate the response to the issue back on the admin board. However, i would like to ensure that if i were to engage in a discussion with "my fellow editors", i will not be ridiculed or ignored. Should this happen, then i will stay in the same situation i am in now, with no progress made whatsoever. I'd like you to assist me in this one last situation. Think you can help?

Muchas Gracias! [[User:Gooden|Gooden]] 14:39, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

:I can't ensure that, and I can't assist you in getting the result you want. That's up to you. It depends on how politely and reasonably you argue, I guess. [[WP:AGF|Assume good faith]] and don't simply think you are being ridiculed just because other editors don't agree with you. If you alone propose something and everyone else disagrees, you have to accept that it won't happen. However, if others are being [[WP:CIVIL|incivil]] or [[WP:NPA|abusive]] - without provocation, mind you - feel free to tell me and I'll take a look at it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 17:11, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== WikiBeNiceWiki and PoolGuy ==

I was hoping that Ohnoitsjaime was going to be around, as I think he know more about this user, but the block was based on a string of account creations: [[User:WikiMightyWiki]] is created at 00:14 and blocked at 00:18 as a sock of [[User:PoolGuy]], [[User:WikiFineWiki]] is created at 00:19, [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ohnoitsjamie&diff=prev&oldid=115947145 posts on jaime's talk admitting to being sockpuppet], and is blocked at 00:22 by me, [[user|WikiBeNiceWiki]] is created at 00:30, blocked by me at 00:33 based on the patterns in the username. This was somewhat confirmed by [[User:Mistreatedhere]]'s post [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ohnoitsjamie&diff=prev&oldid=115950917 here] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Natalie_Erin&diff=prev&oldid=115951273 here] (he also opened an ArbCom case on Jaime). That user is blocked by me, only to be replaced by [[User:DoesBeingAnAdminMakeYouADick]], [[User:AllYouHaveToDoIsBeNice]], and apparently [[user:NoOffenseBut]], who showed up after I went out. If you think I misjudged, by all means unblock, but it seems likely to me. [[User:Natalie Erin|Natalie]] 16:11, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
:BTW, sorry I didn't get you this info sooner. I didn't see the unblock request or I would have posted it there. [[User:Natalie Erin|Natalie]] 16:24, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
::That makes perfect sense, thanks. Unblock declined. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 17:05, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
So if a person blocks me for no reason and I create a new account, somehow I did something wrong. Looks to me like ohnoisjaime and erin were going block happy. I think I should be unblocked don't you?[[User:NoOffenseBut|NoOffenseBut]] 17:16, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
:If only all sockpuppets of blocked users would be so considerately announcing themselves. Blocked. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 17:20, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
::From what I can tell, this particular person is using a dynamic IP he/she can reset. Jamie mentioned filing a checkuser, I guess to find out the ISP and perhaps inform them. You may want to ask him about that. In the meantime, it's mighty convenient that he/she keeps announcing the sockpuppets, but it certainly would be easier to prevent their creation in the first place. [[User:Natalie Erin|Natalie]] 19:23, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
:::A checkuser is a very good idea; I helped deal with an [[User:Starwars1955|extremely abusive sockpuppeteer]] sometime ago. That user didn't stop until a range blocked was introduced (and it's still likely that the user is around, just keeping quiet). Users like PoolGuy/WikiBeNiceWiki, are not likely back down simply by blocking the accounts. [[User:Acalamari|Acalamari]] 01:58, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
Just what are you trying to do? I get blocked by someone just being a dick, and now I create a new account to use Wikipedia, and the likes of you and Natalie jump in and start going block happy. Why? Do you even know what you are blocking me for? I sure don't.

If you don't like me creating accounts, don't block the one I have. If you didn't block I wouldn't create another account, I could use mine. Why are doing that? It does not make sennse. It does not work. It just blocks IPs for other wikipedians. Maybe you should think about the damage your actions are doin to the project. First ohnoitsjaime does it, then Natalie, now you jump in. Is that what they teach you in Admin school? Be mean? Jeez.[[User:JustWhat|JustWhat]] 01:33, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

== confusion ==

You left me a message but I have no idea what it's about. [[User:Marshmellow Mind|Marshmellow Mind]] 20:50, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

:Edits such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:George_W._Bush&diff=prev&oldid=116090136 this one] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Why_was_my_page_deleted%3F&diff=prev&oldid=116088267 this one] are [[WP:VAND|vandalism]]. Stop it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:54, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== R9tgokunks ==

Following previous incidents and such. R9tgokunks is a generally disruptive editor, who likes to rush in without thinking. Often ruthlessly attack other users, and engage in 3RR. Seeing that you blocked him. I am informing you that I was torn apart in a previous incident, between him, and another disruptive editor called [[User:LUCPOL]] who he I fear is bullying. I fear though, R9tgokunks has been slightly disruptive again, and if you want I will keep an eye on his contributions, and report any trouble. Regards. [[User:Retiono Virginian|Retiono Virginian]] 21:47, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
:Well, I'm not aware of the more recent conflict you refer to. As far as I'm concerned, you don't need to watch this user on my behalf, but do feel free to report any blockable misbehaviour to me or to [[WP:ANI]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:13, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

==InvaderSora==
Please unblock me. -Invadersora {{unsigned|InvaderSora}} {{unsigned|64.163.132.236}}
:No. Do not evade your block by editing anonymously. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 16:32, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
I sort of have to. its unfair to block me for aother week because i was using the unblock template to expand further on ym reason for unbcok. [[User:64.175.37.54|64.175.37.54]] 00:29, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
:No, kid, you ''do not "have to"''. What you do have to is to obey your block, the reason of which has been explained to you several times. I will reset your block again. If you evade it once again, I will extend it. If you evade it yet again, I will block you indefinitely. This is your last chance to obey Wikipedia's rules and participate constructively in the project. Use it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:54, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== Dutch (people) ==

User Rex Germanus has recommenced editing at [[Dutch (people)]] - formerly Dutch (ethnic group) as his block expired. He appears to have violated the three-revert rule, and has again adopted an agressive tone on the talk page. Since you reviewed this before, I would aks you to review the current state of affairs.[[User:Paul111|Paul111]] 17:57, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

:This appears to be a complicated content issue. Please do the following:
:#On the talk page of {{user|Rex Germanus}} please state, with diffs, how ''exactly'' you think that user has violated [[Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Ulritz]], [[WP:3RR]] or any Wikipedia policy.
:#Invite him to comment on your complaint (with a link to this thread).
:#Then notify me again, in this thread, once he has responded to your complaint, or if he has not responded in a reasonable amount of time, and I will determine whether administrative sanctions are required.
:I will not process your request unless you follow these rules of procedure. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 18:27, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

I did this, but another user has now entered the issue, in defence of Rex Germanus. In a tit--for-tat move, he has asked you to impose a revert parole on me, even though this is a sole taks of the Arbitration Committee. As a result, I now need to defend myself on the talk page of another user, against complaints by a third user, which have not gone through any proper procedure. I suggest you limit the discussion to one place and two parties.[[User:Paul111|Paul111]] 12:15, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

:I see that another admin has now imposed sanctions, which means that I'll have to consider this request to be moot. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 13:01, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

While it is not immediately relevant to the above request, you may be interested in this comment to FutPer: [[User_talk:Future_Perfect_at_Sunrise#Nationalist_material_on_Wikipedia]] -- [[User:Paul111|Paul111]] 11:19, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

==Deleting things on my userpage==

You deleted material from my userpage for what you believe to be unrelated content, which was simply my explaining my POV for the benefit of other Wikipedians. I'm looking at your userpage. How is this related to Wikipedia? "Apart from being a Wikipedian and a jurist, I am also a bicyclist, a [[Classical liberalism|classical liberal]], an author and a [[Oberleutnant|lieutenant]] in the [[Swiss Army]]." [[User:Billy Ego|Billy Ego]] 19:02, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

:Per [[WP:UP]],
::"Some people add information about themselves as well, possibly including contact information (email, instant messaging, etc), a photograph, their real name, their location, information about their areas of expertise and interest, likes and dislikes, homepages, and so forth."
:However, what's not allowed is
::"'''Extensive''' personal opinions on matters unrelated to Wikipedia, ... Other non-encyclopedic material ... Polemical statements" (my emphasis).
:As you can see, ''one sentence of personal information'' is perfectly permissible (and normal), but ''several pages of political opinions'' are not. It's a matter of proportion. That's why I've not also deleted your fascism userboxes and your eagle picture: ''some'' POV information is permissible, but don't overdo it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 19:08, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

== Sorry, it looks like I overwrote your edits to the lead section ==

Sorry, I seem to have overwritten your edits to the lead section of
[[User:The Transhumanist/Virtual classroom/Yuser, on fighting link spam]]. I will
try to un-do the damage I caused. Because I got an edit conflict, I had edited some
text in an external editor, and when I pasted it back in, the lead section had
changed some more in the meantime. --[[User:Teratornis|Teratornis]] 22:48, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

== This Is Stevenstone93 ==

Sandstein, I would like to thank you for your help and time for getting me unblocked. I truly appreciate your cooperation in getting me off the hook here. I will contribute to the Wikipedia Project and not solely just my article, but is it still OK to make an edit or two here and there on my own page? Once Again Thanks, --- Steven Suttles Stone

:You're welcome. Of course you may edit your user page, but keep it to a minimum, yes? What we need to see from you now is involvement in the encyclopedia. That is, the articles. This is why we are here. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:59, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== re: [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mark Conner]] ==

You recently tagged this article for deletion under speedy-deletion case A7. The speedy-deletion was challenged in good faith. The page has been temporarily restored and listed to AFD for community discussion. You may want to participate in the discussion. [[User:Rossami|Rossami]] [[User talk:Rossami|(talk)]] 05:18, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

:Thanks, but I just put {{tl|bio-notability}} on it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 18:22, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== BZ ==

You might want to keep an eye on [[User:BZ(Bruno Zollinger)]] -- after returning from the block for inappropriate Talk page use, which he passed by engaging in irrelevant discussions on his own Talk page, his [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Close_reading&diff=prev&oldid=116488415 first edit] was another round of soapboxing and irrelevant personal opinion. I left another chat warning for him, but this seems unlikely to change his behavior. (I'd have posted this at [[WP:ANI]], but the prior BZ topic has already been archived.) -- [[User:Rbellin|Rbellin]]|[[User talk:Rbellin|Talk]] 14:22, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
:Yes. I see you warned him, next time I'll indefblock him as advertised. And I'll warn his strange companion, {{user|Jahn Henne}}. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 18:18, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[User:Billy Ego]]: picture ==
I (and I am sure many other editors) also find the picture on his user page quite offensive. My father and his pals were paratroops who suffered horribly in WW2 fighting that. Is there any chance of removing the picture? Thanks if you can help. [[User:MarkThomas|MarkThomas]] 20:35, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
:If it were a Nazi symbol, yes, it would be inflammatory. However, {{li|Aigle-napoleonienne-p1030180.jpg}} is a Napoleonic ''[[aquila]]'', which I assume was not present on WWII battlefields. Incidentally, Cloveoil is right: do not harrass other editors on their talk pages, even fascists. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:40, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== Good Evening ==
I just wanted to let you know that DarzieP has updated his talk page. Please look at it. I'd like you to reconsider as he's not a bad guy. He is my brother after all.

== I think it's done ==

Thank you for your help.

I've finished my main copy-edit of [[User:The Transhumanist/Virtual classroom/Yuser, on fighting link spam]]. Please take a look, and touch-up anything that needs it. It goes live on Wednesday (tomorrow). '''''[[User:The Transhumanist|The Transhumanist   ]]'''''22:27, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== Thank You Very Much ==
I thank you abundantly for your reconsideration of my ban. Could I bother you to explain to me what a provisional ban is? Thank you so much.

[[User:DarzieP|DarzieP]] 22:58, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

:You're welcome. You're not provisionally banned. You're provisionally unblocked, that is, if you commit one more copyright violation, I will block you again. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 06:30, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[Ohmefentanyl]] ==

It appears that after you deleted the page based on [[User:Nuklear]]'s request, he recreated it. I guess it was some kind of strategy to prematurely end the AfD discussion...? [[User:JulesH|JulesH]] 15:28, 21 March 2007 (UTC)
:Yes. Another AfD will be required if you think it's still problematic, I'm afraid to say. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 15:37, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

==Plese reconsider your vote to delete [[Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq]]==
Hi Sandstein,

I've just put a lot of work into improving [[Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq]] so that the article is not now anything like what it was when you voted to delete. I think it may meet your objections to it, so please take another look and see what you think. I'm still not satisfied with the article, but it has roughly the proper scope and many more reliable sources. I think what I've done shows that there's too much material out there to merge this article with anything else. Significant gaps remain and some subjects should have footnotes from more sources, but I think the article is several steps toward what it should be. Best, [[User:Noroton|Noroton]] 22:33, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

== Editors refusing discussion and edit warring ==

May I consider users refusing discussion on the talk page as a vandals ? '''[[User:Tulkolahten|≈Tulkolahten≈]][[User_talk:Tulkolahten|≈talk≈]]''' 00:19, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
:No. As per policy: "[[WP:VAND|Vandalism]] is any addition, removal, or change of content made in a ''deliberate'' attempt to compromise the integrity of Wikipedia. ... Any good-faith effort to improve the encyclopedia, even if misguided or ill-considered, is not vandalism." If a user does not enter into discussion, this is a different conduct issue that requires [[WP:DR|initiating the dispute resolution procedure]]. Depending on the case, it may also be disruptive and require admin intervention under e.g. the [[WP:3RR|three revert rule]] or the [[WP:CIV|civility rule]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:29, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

== Article Prod ==

I just wanted to give you heads up that I've deproded the [[Religion in A Song of Ice and Fire]]. I don't know if you want to take it to AfD or not but I think that the Prod reason is debatable enough to warrant discussion there is you feel that the article is clear cut policy violation. [[User:NeoFreak|NeoFreak]] 21:05, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

==Nicholas Ruiz III ==

Greetings Sandstein,

The article 'Nicholas Ruiz III' was deleted with very little discussion and unsatisfactory objections raised by the Wikipedia critic on the talk page for the article. Please reconsider the said deletion; it is exceedingly unfair and egregiously biased given the wide occurrence of similar articles already on Wikipedia. Many thanks for your consideration. I insert the text of the talk page here: <''content of [[Talk:Nicholas Ruiz III]] redacted, Sandstein''> {{unsigned|Nick.ruiz}}

:Dr Ruiz, your autobiography {{la|Nicholas Ruiz III}} was correctly speedily deleted under the rule [[WP:CSD#A7]] because it did not attest [[WP:PROF|notability]]. Also, per our [[WP:COI|conflict of interest]] policy, you are not allowed to write articles about yourself, especially if their content is not [[WP:V|verifiable]] by [[WP:RS|reliable sources]]. See also [[WP:WAX]]: that Wikipedia has many unsuitable articles is a reason to delete those, not to add more. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 06:29, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Greetings Sandstein,

Many thanks for your note. I believe I can attest to the notability of the article by claim of published work in an active field of study. Such information is verifiable by reliable sources, by Wikipedia standards. I do recognize that entries regarding one's work need to be carefully neutral--this care is taken in the article, which is neutral in bias. It is not the case that such already existing Wikipedia articles are 'unsuitable,' but rather, they serve an academic and informational purpose in higher education and for posterity. I do agree that they should be neutral in bias, and not promotional materials, as indeed, this article and the others safely avoid. Please reconsider this deletion, if any complaints or discrepancies arise regarding the entry, I agree to edit the article accordingly in a timely fashion. Thank you for your consideration.
[[User:Nick.ruiz|Nick.ruiz]] 10:53, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

:I'm sorry, but your claim of "published work in an active field of study" does not make you notable by [[WP:PROF|our standards]], which must be met in addition to the article being based on [[WP:RS|reliable independent sources]]. Also, per [[WP:COI]], writing articles about yourself is greatly frowned upon. You'd have to wait until someone else finds you interesting enough to write an article about. Please click these links to find out what I mean. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 08:51, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Sandstein, I am the editor and founder of the peer-reviewed journal ''Kritikos'', which is indexed in university library databases all over the world. ''Kritikos'' is widely known as one of the premier online, open-access journals for cultural and critical theory, art and criticism. All of this is independently verifiable. As for article authorship, -frowned upon- does not translate into -forbidden-. In light of the verifiable notability and responsible neutrality of the article, this article entry is a justifiable exception. Many thanks again, for your consideration.
[[User:Nick.ruiz|Nick.ruiz]] 20:17, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

:Hm, but this is apparently not widely known enough for [[Kritikos]] to have its own article. Even if it were so, and you cite no sources for it, it would not follow that you as the journal's editor would be notable also. This, in addition to the conflict of interest problem – it's hard to be "responsibly neutral" about oneself – leads me to decline your request for undeletion. If you would like to appeal this, you may file a request for deletion review at [[WP:DRV]]; please link to this discussion (with the link code: <nowiki>[[User talk:Sandstein#Nicholas Ruiz III]]</nowiki>) if you decide to do so. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:28, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Sandstein,
I have appealed your decision. The link is below.

An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|Nicholas Ruiz III}}}|deletion review]] of [[:Nicholas Ruiz III]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. [[User:Nick.ruiz|Nick.ruiz]] 01:32, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

:Thanks for the notification. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 07:18, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== Blocked user 207.69.137.14 ==

I see that on 10 March 2007 you blocked [[User talk:207.69.137.14|this user]] from editing. Does it take a while to take effect? This user today (23 March) made edits [[Jose Rodriguez (intelligence)]] which I'm trying to determine are valid or not. [[User:Alcarillo|Alcarillo]] 14:51, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
:The IPs are not the same. {{ipvandal|207.69.137.14}} is blocked, {{ipvandal|207.69.137.24}} is not. Please report the latter to [[WP:AIV]] in case of repeat vandalism. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 08:53, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Deletion of article titled "Pranic Healing" ==

Hi,

It is completely understandable why the article was deleted. I would like to create a new informational (not promotional) article with the same title. This is a subject I have been studying for many years and I think that given the number of people who study this modality and the number of books available on the subject, it would be very useful to have information about Pranic Healing on Wikipedia. Please let me know if it is alright to create an article with the same title right after the previous one was deleted. Would that be a cause for the deletion of my article?

Thanks for all your help.
[[User:Sg ph|Sg ph]] 18:32, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

:Hello. In principle, you may write a new article about {{la|Pranic Healing}}, because that article has not yet been the subject of a [[WP:AfD|articles for deletion discussion]]. In your case, I do not recommend it, though:
:#I note you are associated with the organisation "pranichealing.org". Per our [[WP:COI|conflict of interests]] policy, you should not edit articles about issues your organisation is involved with.
:#Looking at the deleted text, the concept appears to be [[WP:N|nonnotable]] and will thus be likely nominated for regular deletion. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 09:01, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== ZK ==

Ich habe mir den Quelltext von der Diskussionsseite vom BZ daheim bei mir auf Platte kopiert. Du kannst das also meinetwegen gern komplett zersägen. Mein Nachbar, er ist Pfarrer, hat zwar mit WIKIPEDIA nix am Hut, aber er meint auch, daß man erst mal das machen sollte (should do), was hier, bei WIKIPEDIA als AGF bezeichnet wird. Ich seh das anders, deshalb bin ich auch aus der Kirche ausgetreten. LA VIE EST BELLE. fz [[user:Jahn Henne|JaHn]] 22:35, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

== My RfA ==

Thank you for your change of heart concerning my [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/RevRagnarok|unsuccessful RfA]]. I am disappointed that I was judged by what in most opinions seem to be the wrong things. Hopefully I can convince you next time around. But until that time, edit on! :) — [[User:RevRagnarok|RevRagnarok]] [[User_talk:RevRagnarok |Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/RevRagnarok|Contrib]] 03:31, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

==[[The Bikini Carwash Company]]==
*There is a vote for deletion under way. I think you might be interested. [[User:Hektor|Hektor]] 14:17, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

:*Thanks but, per [[WP:CANVASS#Votestacking|the prohibition on votestacking]], I should not have been contacted, because since I am the prodder, I must be expected to favour deletion. For that reason, I decline to participate. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 14:23, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
:**Given the fact that I am in favor of '''keep''', and have written so in the vote, I don't see where is the problem ? why are people always assuming bad faith. See [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith]]. I just wrote to you because your archive was linked to this page, and I have also written to the other user you were writing to. I don't appreciate the accusation. [[User:Hektor|Hektor]] 14:28, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
:*** My apologies. I did not see that. I'll try and remember to [[WP:AGF]] more next time. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 16:16, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

{{ATTCD}}
[[User:Jossi|≈ jossi ≈]] [[User_talk:Jossi|(talk)]] 16:18, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Vandalism by User 72.10.124.202 ==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:72.10.124.202 Link to User's Talk Page]

this user has received a number of warnings about vandalism and being blocked, but has not been blocked to date, yet continues to vandalize articles. what is the procedure for blocking that user? [[User:Whateley23|Whateley23]] 20:59, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

:That's a shared IP which is not currently vandalising, so doesn't need blocking now. For next time, to have in-progress vandalism stopped, check that the user has received a final waning and then report them at [[WP:AIV]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:13, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

==Collateral damage==
Thanks for letting me know. I say go ahead and unblock, though I still have a couple lingering doubts. The main instigator of the earlier fraud definitely had some technical/hacking skills, so it's possible that they just did some password phishing to find another account to use. However, it's probably best to [[WP:AGF]] and then just keep an eye on things. If the account sticks with editing in unrelated areas, then we're fine. :) But if they make a beeline for any articles related to medieval history, then I'd say to keep them on a short leash and reblock immediately if any problems pop up. How's that sound? --[[User:Elonka|El]][[User talk:Elonka|on]][[Special:Contributions/Elonka|ka]] 21:21, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
: As a related account we ''are'' having troubles with, check contribs of {{user|208.157.148.51}}. We had another anon posting personal attacks, which an admin deleted, but now a different anon account is restoring the attacks. Could you help with vandalism cleanup there please? Or would you prefer that I took it to ANI? --[[User:Elonka|El]][[User talk:Elonka|on]][[Special:Contributions/Elonka|ka]] 22:15, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
::I don't claim to understand what is going on here, but this appears to be just trolling. Blocked. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:27, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Hmm, just bugging you about more socks. ==

Remember {{vandal|Brigader General}} and {{vandal|Lt. Col. Cole}}? I found another person with the same modus operandi. {{Vandal|Ruby1942}}. More of the same. I'd appreciate blocking, but I'll have left a notice on WP:AIV, IRC, and the user's talk page by then I think. [[User:Logical2u|Logical2u]][[Wikipedia:Editor review/Logical2u|Review me!]] 22:21, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

:BTW, I'm going to leave a RFCU (IP Check) on this person (if it's applicable, the policy keeps changing), as it seems to be a chronic problem at this point. Thanks for the block. [[User:Logical2u|Logical2u]][[Wikipedia:Editor review/Logical2u|Review me!]] 22:36, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

::Puppet and puppetmaster indefblocked. Thanks for the info, feel free to report any new socks that might pop up. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:42, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
:::I appear to have found one last sock. {{vandal|Jack3090}}. [[User:Logical2u|Logical2u]][[Wikipedia:Editor review/Logical2u|Review me!]] 23:00, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
::::... and blocked. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 08:08, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== A favor ==

Hello. I write to ask for a favor. I'm {{user|elipongo}} but I'm typing this from my cellphone's microbrowser via a Google interface because my computer crashed thursday morning. I'm hoping you'll do me the great favor of posting a template explaining my absence on my user & user talk pages. My new computer won't arrive for a couple of weeks and I won't be around much until then. Thank you! {{unsigned|66.102.6.136}}

:Sure, no problem. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 07:33, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== ? ==

And do please give us the courtesy of at least trying to write in English. — Sandstein 20:37, 24 March 2007 (UTC)"

are you saying i cant speak or write in english?

give me an example why. {{unsigned|Ryanbricks}}

:Replying on your talk page. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 07:25, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

=== my spelling ===

if you are refering to the way i spealt oiL, thats the way the band spells it.

Im Australian so our first language is english and i go to school so im %100 sure i can spell. {{unsigned|Ryanbricks}}

... Ah, yes, very well, thank you. However, your last sentence should have been spelled "I'm Australian, so my first language is English and I go to school, so I'm 100% sure I can spell." But never mind, and have fun contributing to Wikipedia. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 08:06, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

No need to be so arrogant with your reply. Every person born in Australia speaks English, so thats why i said "our", and your corrections are slightly wrong, Australians use different grammar to some countries e.g. Some countries spell color, Australians write colour, as for the word mom and mum. The swiss are only good for one thing, making chocolate.

Thanks Mr. Sandstein for your very informing "English Class"

== DYK ==

{| class="messagebox {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|small|standard}}-talk"
|-
|[[Image:Updated DYK query.svg|15px|Updated DYK query]]
|On [[25 March]], [[2007]], '''[[:Template:Did you know|Did you know?]]''' was updated with a fact from the article '''''[[Source Columba]]''''', which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the [[:Template talk:Did you know|"Did you know?" talk page]].
|}  --[[User:Carabinieri|Carabinieri]] 09:35, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== Hmm... ==

[[User_talk%3ABilly_Ego#Blocked_again]]. What's your call on it? —[[User:Pilotguy|Pilot]][[User:Pilotguy|guy]] [[User_talk:Pilotguy|cleared for takeoff]] 16:47, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:Thanks for bringing this to my attention. I'll not contest the matter if another administrator undoes the block. That said, I recommend declining the unblock request.
:[[WP:NOT#MYSPACE|We are not a free web host]] for political essays (or quotes collections, which have also been the subject of the previous cleanups of Billy Ego's userpage). Billy Ego is not a long-established editor who might be allowed more latitude in his user space. More importantly, though: he appears to be unwilling ''in principle'' to adhere to our content and conduct policies, taking an unnecessarily combative stance at every turn, as is the hallmark of most people who eventually end up at [[WP:BU]]. If Billy Ego were to be unblocked now, he might consider it as validation for any further soapboxing or combative editing (check his block log).
:Oh, and dragging this before ArbCom? What the hell for? This issue can very well be resolved at the [[WP:ANI]] level, if required. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 17:35, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

==Thanks==
I am now unblocked - thanks for your help. [[User:LeeG|LeeG]] 19:36, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== 10:08 ==

Sad, that articels, that are referred to in the www, are deleted! http://www.etre.com/blog/2006/12/1008_watch_advertisements/ Can I recover the article for my own information?! Best regards --[[User:Menphrad|menphrad]] 19:53, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:{{la|10:08}} was deleted per [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/10:08]]. I have restored a copy for you at [[User:Menphrad/10:08]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:00, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
::Thank you very much for your effort of restoring this piece of information for me! Best regards --[[User:Menphrad|menphrad]] 20:36, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== <profanity redacted> ==
Why did you delete my drawing?!!!!!!???!!!!? [[User:Replay7|Replay7]] 21:44, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:See [[Wikipedia:Patent nonsense]] and [[WP:CSD#G1]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:49, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
Why can't you bring it back so I can re-save it to my computer? [[User:Replay7|Replay7]] 21:52, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:You want that bunch of scrawls back? No. You can recreate it faster than I can undelete it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:53, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
No I can't. I can't remember the design of it. [[User:Replay7|Replay7]] 22:01, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:So what? There was no design, just random blobs of colour. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:08, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:Besides, if you uploaded it, it's still on your hard disk. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:12, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

I say it probably wasn't if he has swapped [[computers]] or perhaps re-formatted (see [[formatting]]). [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 13:28, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

==Hakia==
Hi

I am curious why you deleted the content on hakia. I will really appreciate if you can let me know. {{unsigned|Mitramitava}}

:{{la|Hakia}} was deleted under the rule [[WP:CSD#A7]]. It did not assert [[WP:WEB|notability]]. Click on the links to learn more. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 06:24, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

== Constitutional Conventions: Scottish National Party standing against the Speaker ==

Hi, thanks for trying to tidy up the article on Constitutional Conventions by promptly removing what I had written. However, I think you were wrong to do so. As it stands the article says "no major parties stand against the Speaker." Well, the Scottish National Party do: this is not original research (see [[Glasgow North East (UK Parliament constituency)#Election results]]) The Scottish National Party are a major party: they are the official opposition in the Scottish Parliament. Therefore, I think my addition to the article should stand.

Thanks

[[User:Boleslaw|Boleslaw]] 21:13, 26 March 2007 (UTC) DB

:Okay, go ahead and put it back in... I really know too little about this. Maybe you could add an [[WP:REF|inline reference]] to a [[WP:RS|reliable source]] to back this up? [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:20, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

If you know too little about this why did you self-righteously delete it???

On a more constructive note, I have a reference from the BBC website:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/vote2005/flash_map/html/map05.stm

However, this is a Flash animation which one has to navigate around to find the required information. Can I link to this?

[[User:Boleslaw|Boleslaw]] 21:24, 26 March 2007 (UTC)DB

:Please read [[WP:AGF]]. See [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:EL]] as to your second question. You ''can'' link to it, the question is whether you ''should''. You don't need to source the claim that the SNP is a major party. You do need to source the claim that they do what you claim they are doing in Parliament. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:29, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

== Deletion of MediaCommons ==

You speedy deleted MediaCommons despite me putting a hang-on tag on the site, providing a citation on one lengthy external article on the organization, and indicating in the discussion that it was a work-in-progress and stub. Can you please explain the rationale for this? --[[User:Jajasoon|Jajasoon]] 04:21, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

:Certainly. The rationale for deleting {{la|MediaCommons}} was [[WP:CSD#a7]], i.e., the article did not assert notability. A piece of external coverage is no assertion of notability. I've restored the content to [[User:Jajasoon/MediaCommons]] so that you may work on it to bring it to [[WP:WEB]] standards before re-publishing it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:36, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

== Reply from the Hybrid ==

Hello. As I was involved in a lengthy RfC pertaining to [[User:Cerebral Warrior]], which is visible near the bottom of his talk page, I am aware that certain things are simply not allowed on Wikipedia, and must be removed. I am also aware that freedom of speech is non-existent here. However, looking at things logically, certain things have been allowed. To start, [[:Category:Wikipedians by politics]]. The existence of these categories suggests that Wikipedians are allowed to identify what political views they hold. Since many of these users are in these categories due to having certain userboxes on their pages, that suggests that they are able to publicize what views they hold on their user page in a visual, literary form. Removing these things from user pages, yet maintaining the categories is contradictory. What is the correct thing to do, delete the categories, or allow freedom of expression? Does this warrant a larger poll? Cheers, -- '''[[Special:Contributions/The Hybrid|The]] [[User:The Hybrid|Hyb]][[User Talk:The Hybrid|rid]]''' 06:02, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

== Help to unblock account ==

Hi Sandstein,

I really appreciate for your help to unblock "Florawu" account. However,I'd like to know the current status so far.

I left message to request unblock as the below reason, but it seems like no response. Feel disappointed because Wikipedia is supposed to collect the valuable knowledge as much as possible. In my case, I try to contribute world's first "ACT" (Automatic channel targeting)function from MIPRO as the pro audio valuable hi-tech knowledge. (please visit www.mipro.com.tw in detail). "the conflict of interest" makes my account has been blocked. I must apologize for this mistake. However, I promise not to edit the relevant article and request the opportunity to unblock only.

Finally, I hope administers who want to contribute the valuable and important knowledge for Wikipedia can help to save this problem.

Again, thanks for your assistance in advance. Sorry, I can not sign the name at the end because of block IP address not allow me to leave message to you.

My account is :"Florawu" —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/59.120.105.139|59.120.105.139]] ([[User talk:59.120.105.139|talk]]) 06:46, 27 March 2007 (UTC).

:I'm replying on [[User talk:Florawu]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 04:39, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== Thanks for unblocking ==

Hi Sandstein,

Thanks for your help in lifting my Autoblock - while I'm hardly a major contributor I like to do my little bit and certainly have no interest in abusive or similar behaviour - joys of shared IP addressing.

Best regards,

Peter aka [[User:Pstansbu|Pstansbu]] 22:06, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

==Arbitration filed==
Here's to notify you that an arbitration is being filed against you here [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration]. [[User:Billy Ego|Billy Ego]] 01:15, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== XFD's ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar.png|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Original Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thanks for reviewing me and pointing my mistakes out. I haven't learnt well XFD's yet, so I was bound for something like that. I didn't realise (I missed the policy and the essay), I was out of tune. Thanks for reviewing me and thanks so much for slamming me hard instead being really nice. It is very appreciated. A barnstar is hereby awarded. Cheers! [[User_talk:Evilclown93 | The Evil Clown]] [[Special:Contributions/Evilclown93|my contributions]] 20:00, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
|}
:Hey, thanks. I do hope I was not too frank about it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 04:32, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== The Foil of Wit ==

[[Image:Foil-2004-C.jpg|right|thumb|200px|I, [[User:Durova|Durova]], award you this Italian grip Foil of Wit for delightful Homeric ripostes at the [[WP:RFA|RFA]] for [[User:Akhilleus|Akhilleus]]. [[User:Durova|Durova]]''[[User talk:Durova|Charge!]]'' 21:49, 28 March 2007 (UTC)]]
Thanks! [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 04:34, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 

==Re:Abortion in Switzerland==
Sorry, I wasn't aware of that fact. Thanks for the heads-up. I'll go ahead and create [[:Category:Abortion in Europe]] as [[:Category:Abortion in the European Union]] seems to needlessly exclude [[European Union#Member states|non-EU]] countries in Europe. It doesn't seem logical for some European states not to be grouped with the rest. Also, this would harmonize the category with the navigation box featured on the bottom of the "Abortion in Europe" articles (like [[Abortion in Finland]]), which is titled "Abortion in Europe," not "Abortion in the European Union." Also, thank you for creating the [[Abortion in Switzerland]] article, and helping to fill a gap in Wikipedia's coverage of global abortion law. -[[User:Severa|Severa]] ([[User talk:Severa|!!!]]) 20:49, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[Reza Shah/New]] ==

If you look at the talk page, the author agreed to have it deleted. So it should probably be deleted. Thanks. [[User:The Behnam|The Behnam]] 04:57, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

== Millennium Challenge Account ==

On the map critique, I was wondering what you meant. The map image itself is a wikicommons creation that is free use. All the best! [[User:Judgesurreal777|Judgesurreal777]] 08:22, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
:I meant: what data is the map based on? That data needs [[WP:RS|reliable sources]], too. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 09:12, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

==[[Tax protester statutory arguments]]==

Dear editor Sandstein: Thank you for your GA review of this article. Your points are very helpful. Yours, [[User:Famspear|Famspear]] 21:02, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

:You're welcome. I've added a few additional thoughts. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:21, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

== Military simulation ==

{| class="messagebox {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|small|standard}}-talk"
|-
|[[Image:Updated DYK query.png|{{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|20px|35px}}|Updated DYK query]]
|'''[[:Template:Did you know|Did you know?]]''' was updated. On [[30 March]], [[2007]], a fact from the article '''[[Military simulation]]''', which you recently nominated, has been featured in that section on the [[Main Page]]. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the [[:Template talk:Did you know|"Did you know?" talk page]].
|} --'''[[User:Howcheng|howcheng]]''' {[[User talk:Howcheng|chat]]} 23:55, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

== Abortion in Switzerland ==

{| class="messagebox {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|small|standard}}-talk"
|-
|[[Image:Updated DYK query.svg|15px|Updated DYK query]]
|On [[31 March]], [[2007]], '''[[:Template:Did you know|Did you know?]]''' was updated with a fact from the article '''''[[Abortion in Switzerland]]''''', which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the [[:Template talk:Did you know|"Did you know?" talk page]].
|}  --'''[[User:Howcheng|howcheng]]''' {[[User talk:Howcheng|chat]]} 06:07, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

== Why are you so rude? ==

Hello. I was just reading my talk page and found that you are attempting to qualify a reasonless statement by adding "IMHO", presumably meaning in my honest opinion? Why are you so rude to use abbreviations for words normally respected in the english language as being sincere?

Please reply, and apologise if you can't defend adequately. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 13:26, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

User talk:Sandstein

2007-03-31T13:26:05Z

Lord fabs: Why are you so rude?

'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Sandstein&action=edit&section=new Click here to leave me a new message.]'''. Please add four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) at the end of your message; this will create an identifying signature and timestamp.

If you were looking for my talk page's previous contents, they are in [[User_talk:Sandstein/Archive 1|Archive 1]], [[User_talk:Sandstein/Archive 2|Archive 2]] or [[User_talk:Sandstein/Archive 3|Archive 3]]. I will respond to messages on this page unless you request otherwise.
----

== Deletion of Unofficial Rugby Union Championship. ==

Hi there. Stupid question, when a page is deleted it's deleted for good, there's no trace of it anywhere, is there? The reason I ask is because I'm a member of an association who want to lobby the IRB to have a international trophy modelled on the [[Ranfurly Shield]] system and that page was deleted before we could add it to the dossier. I understand why it was deleted but it's a pity, could have been very helpful to us. [[User:Saebhiar|Saebhiar]] [[User Talk:Saebhiar|Adishatz]] 14:09, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

:If you want to access the deleted content of an article, I can restore it for you. Whether it will have any value in an administrative proceeding is another question. The article {{la|Unofficial Rugby Union Championship}} has never existed, though. Can you provide the exact title of the article you want, please? [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 14:29, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

== Deleted Article ==

I'm leaving you a message because I think the user Realkyhick recommended this article for deletion in an unsubstantiated manner. I told that user this:

We're really not trying to abuse the system here. The Government is not looking for free advertising. They've been a group for years, and are of notability on the CT shoreline. You definitely can't find the band on google if you search for alternative, CT, and the Gov, because the heading of Thegov.net does not include any of that as a description. Still don't see what the problem is. The local music scene is just as notable as the national, famous circuit, and just because you haven't heard of it doesn't mean its not worth having an article about.

Also, I've just added a bit of information to each that I was saving for the WIKI of the PCIA. The band acts as a sort of spokesman for the youth advocacy group PCIA, which is how I know them. They certainly DO exist, and, again, if you google search a string of words, you won't find what you're looking for.

Also, according to the guidelines posted, "A mere claim of notability, even if contested, may avoid deletion under A7 and require a full Article for Deletion process to determine if the subject of the article is notable."

I'd like to contest this deletion on the grounds of the previously mentioned claims of notability, and would like to assert that this user is not involved in the Connecticut music and political advocacy community, and, as I am, I qualify as a better source of information regarding their notability.

which asserts the importance of the band in the independent music scene of CT, and their involvement in a local Youth Advocacy group. I obviously couldn't convince the other user with that, but what more can be done to prove notability? That user is from alabama, and not CT. I , however am from CT, and know enough about the topic to contribute an article.
[[User:Thend|Thend]] 15:55, 9 March 2007 (UTC)Thend

:Please specify what article you are talking about by providing a link to it, [[like this]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 16:38, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

==Note==
''Intervening talk threads archived. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 18:30, 19 March 2007 (UTC)''

== The articles have already been merged ==

I checked and the two articles were merged so I simply deleted older unnecessary information, sorry for trying to make it easier.

Since the merger has already happened would you be so kind as to fix it and delete the unnecessary page,

like I tried to...

[[User:Meissmart|Meissmart]] 20:02, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

:Which articles do you mean? [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:08, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

== Help ==

Hello Sandstein, please review this [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3ACarabinieri&diff=115984257&oldid=115947664], I assume it as a very offensive, close to menace or intimidation. '''[[User:Tulkolahten|≈Tulkolahten≈]][[User_talk:Tulkolahten|≈talk≈]]''' 10:14, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
:Indef blocked per [[WP:NLT]]; see [[User talk:Dr. Steller]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 10:49, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== Vegetto's Response ==

Hi! I appreciate the response to the issue back on the admin board. However, i would like to ensure that if i were to engage in a discussion with "my fellow editors", i will not be ridiculed or ignored. Should this happen, then i will stay in the same situation i am in now, with no progress made whatsoever. I'd like you to assist me in this one last situation. Think you can help?

Muchas Gracias! [[User:Gooden|Gooden]] 14:39, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

:I can't ensure that, and I can't assist you in getting the result you want. That's up to you. It depends on how politely and reasonably you argue, I guess. [[WP:AGF|Assume good faith]] and don't simply think you are being ridiculed just because other editors don't agree with you. If you alone propose something and everyone else disagrees, you have to accept that it won't happen. However, if others are being [[WP:CIVIL|incivil]] or [[WP:NPA|abusive]] - without provocation, mind you - feel free to tell me and I'll take a look at it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 17:11, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== WikiBeNiceWiki and PoolGuy ==

I was hoping that Ohnoitsjaime was going to be around, as I think he know more about this user, but the block was based on a string of account creations: [[User:WikiMightyWiki]] is created at 00:14 and blocked at 00:18 as a sock of [[User:PoolGuy]], [[User:WikiFineWiki]] is created at 00:19, [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ohnoitsjamie&diff=prev&oldid=115947145 posts on jaime's talk admitting to being sockpuppet], and is blocked at 00:22 by me, [[user|WikiBeNiceWiki]] is created at 00:30, blocked by me at 00:33 based on the patterns in the username. This was somewhat confirmed by [[User:Mistreatedhere]]'s post [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ohnoitsjamie&diff=prev&oldid=115950917 here] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Natalie_Erin&diff=prev&oldid=115951273 here] (he also opened an ArbCom case on Jaime). That user is blocked by me, only to be replaced by [[User:DoesBeingAnAdminMakeYouADick]], [[User:AllYouHaveToDoIsBeNice]], and apparently [[user:NoOffenseBut]], who showed up after I went out. If you think I misjudged, by all means unblock, but it seems likely to me. [[User:Natalie Erin|Natalie]] 16:11, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
:BTW, sorry I didn't get you this info sooner. I didn't see the unblock request or I would have posted it there. [[User:Natalie Erin|Natalie]] 16:24, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
::That makes perfect sense, thanks. Unblock declined. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 17:05, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
So if a person blocks me for no reason and I create a new account, somehow I did something wrong. Looks to me like ohnoisjaime and erin were going block happy. I think I should be unblocked don't you?[[User:NoOffenseBut|NoOffenseBut]] 17:16, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
:If only all sockpuppets of blocked users would be so considerately announcing themselves. Blocked. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 17:20, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
::From what I can tell, this particular person is using a dynamic IP he/she can reset. Jamie mentioned filing a checkuser, I guess to find out the ISP and perhaps inform them. You may want to ask him about that. In the meantime, it's mighty convenient that he/she keeps announcing the sockpuppets, but it certainly would be easier to prevent their creation in the first place. [[User:Natalie Erin|Natalie]] 19:23, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
:::A checkuser is a very good idea; I helped deal with an [[User:Starwars1955|extremely abusive sockpuppeteer]] sometime ago. That user didn't stop until a range blocked was introduced (and it's still likely that the user is around, just keeping quiet). Users like PoolGuy/WikiBeNiceWiki, are not likely back down simply by blocking the accounts. [[User:Acalamari|Acalamari]] 01:58, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
Just what are you trying to do? I get blocked by someone just being a dick, and now I create a new account to use Wikipedia, and the likes of you and Natalie jump in and start going block happy. Why? Do you even know what you are blocking me for? I sure don't.

If you don't like me creating accounts, don't block the one I have. If you didn't block I wouldn't create another account, I could use mine. Why are doing that? It does not make sennse. It does not work. It just blocks IPs for other wikipedians. Maybe you should think about the damage your actions are doin to the project. First ohnoitsjaime does it, then Natalie, now you jump in. Is that what they teach you in Admin school? Be mean? Jeez.[[User:JustWhat|JustWhat]] 01:33, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

== confusion ==

You left me a message but I have no idea what it's about. [[User:Marshmellow Mind|Marshmellow Mind]] 20:50, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

:Edits such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:George_W._Bush&diff=prev&oldid=116090136 this one] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Why_was_my_page_deleted%3F&diff=prev&oldid=116088267 this one] are [[WP:VAND|vandalism]]. Stop it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:54, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== R9tgokunks ==

Following previous incidents and such. R9tgokunks is a generally disruptive editor, who likes to rush in without thinking. Often ruthlessly attack other users, and engage in 3RR. Seeing that you blocked him. I am informing you that I was torn apart in a previous incident, between him, and another disruptive editor called [[User:LUCPOL]] who he I fear is bullying. I fear though, R9tgokunks has been slightly disruptive again, and if you want I will keep an eye on his contributions, and report any trouble. Regards. [[User:Retiono Virginian|Retiono Virginian]] 21:47, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
:Well, I'm not aware of the more recent conflict you refer to. As far as I'm concerned, you don't need to watch this user on my behalf, but do feel free to report any blockable misbehaviour to me or to [[WP:ANI]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:13, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

==InvaderSora==
Please unblock me. -Invadersora {{unsigned|InvaderSora}} {{unsigned|64.163.132.236}}
:No. Do not evade your block by editing anonymously. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 16:32, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
I sort of have to. its unfair to block me for aother week because i was using the unblock template to expand further on ym reason for unbcok. [[User:64.175.37.54|64.175.37.54]] 00:29, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
:No, kid, you ''do not "have to"''. What you do have to is to obey your block, the reason of which has been explained to you several times. I will reset your block again. If you evade it once again, I will extend it. If you evade it yet again, I will block you indefinitely. This is your last chance to obey Wikipedia's rules and participate constructively in the project. Use it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:54, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== Dutch (people) ==

User Rex Germanus has recommenced editing at [[Dutch (people)]] - formerly Dutch (ethnic group) as his block expired. He appears to have violated the three-revert rule, and has again adopted an agressive tone on the talk page. Since you reviewed this before, I would aks you to review the current state of affairs.[[User:Paul111|Paul111]] 17:57, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

:This appears to be a complicated content issue. Please do the following:
:#On the talk page of {{user|Rex Germanus}} please state, with diffs, how ''exactly'' you think that user has violated [[Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Ulritz]], [[WP:3RR]] or any Wikipedia policy.
:#Invite him to comment on your complaint (with a link to this thread).
:#Then notify me again, in this thread, once he has responded to your complaint, or if he has not responded in a reasonable amount of time, and I will determine whether administrative sanctions are required.
:I will not process your request unless you follow these rules of procedure. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 18:27, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

I did this, but another user has now entered the issue, in defence of Rex Germanus. In a tit--for-tat move, he has asked you to impose a revert parole on me, even though this is a sole taks of the Arbitration Committee. As a result, I now need to defend myself on the talk page of another user, against complaints by a third user, which have not gone through any proper procedure. I suggest you limit the discussion to one place and two parties.[[User:Paul111|Paul111]] 12:15, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

:I see that another admin has now imposed sanctions, which means that I'll have to consider this request to be moot. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 13:01, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

While it is not immediately relevant to the above request, you may be interested in this comment to FutPer: [[User_talk:Future_Perfect_at_Sunrise#Nationalist_material_on_Wikipedia]] -- [[User:Paul111|Paul111]] 11:19, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

==Deleting things on my userpage==

You deleted material from my userpage for what you believe to be unrelated content, which was simply my explaining my POV for the benefit of other Wikipedians. I'm looking at your userpage. How is this related to Wikipedia? "Apart from being a Wikipedian and a jurist, I am also a bicyclist, a [[Classical liberalism|classical liberal]], an author and a [[Oberleutnant|lieutenant]] in the [[Swiss Army]]." [[User:Billy Ego|Billy Ego]] 19:02, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

:Per [[WP:UP]],
::"Some people add information about themselves as well, possibly including contact information (email, instant messaging, etc), a photograph, their real name, their location, information about their areas of expertise and interest, likes and dislikes, homepages, and so forth."
:However, what's not allowed is
::"'''Extensive''' personal opinions on matters unrelated to Wikipedia, ... Other non-encyclopedic material ... Polemical statements" (my emphasis).
:As you can see, ''one sentence of personal information'' is perfectly permissible (and normal), but ''several pages of political opinions'' are not. It's a matter of proportion. That's why I've not also deleted your fascism userboxes and your eagle picture: ''some'' POV information is permissible, but don't overdo it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 19:08, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

== Sorry, it looks like I overwrote your edits to the lead section ==

Sorry, I seem to have overwritten your edits to the lead section of
[[User:The Transhumanist/Virtual classroom/Yuser, on fighting link spam]]. I will
try to un-do the damage I caused. Because I got an edit conflict, I had edited some
text in an external editor, and when I pasted it back in, the lead section had
changed some more in the meantime. --[[User:Teratornis|Teratornis]] 22:48, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

== This Is Stevenstone93 ==

Sandstein, I would like to thank you for your help and time for getting me unblocked. I truly appreciate your cooperation in getting me off the hook here. I will contribute to the Wikipedia Project and not solely just my article, but is it still OK to make an edit or two here and there on my own page? Once Again Thanks, --- Steven Suttles Stone

:You're welcome. Of course you may edit your user page, but keep it to a minimum, yes? What we need to see from you now is involvement in the encyclopedia. That is, the articles. This is why we are here. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:59, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== re: [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mark Conner]] ==

You recently tagged this article for deletion under speedy-deletion case A7. The speedy-deletion was challenged in good faith. The page has been temporarily restored and listed to AFD for community discussion. You may want to participate in the discussion. [[User:Rossami|Rossami]] [[User talk:Rossami|(talk)]] 05:18, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

:Thanks, but I just put {{tl|bio-notability}} on it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 18:22, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== BZ ==

You might want to keep an eye on [[User:BZ(Bruno Zollinger)]] -- after returning from the block for inappropriate Talk page use, which he passed by engaging in irrelevant discussions on his own Talk page, his [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Close_reading&diff=prev&oldid=116488415 first edit] was another round of soapboxing and irrelevant personal opinion. I left another chat warning for him, but this seems unlikely to change his behavior. (I'd have posted this at [[WP:ANI]], but the prior BZ topic has already been archived.) -- [[User:Rbellin|Rbellin]]|[[User talk:Rbellin|Talk]] 14:22, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
:Yes. I see you warned him, next time I'll indefblock him as advertised. And I'll warn his strange companion, {{user|Jahn Henne}}. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 18:18, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[User:Billy Ego]]: picture ==
I (and I am sure many other editors) also find the picture on his user page quite offensive. My father and his pals were paratroops who suffered horribly in WW2 fighting that. Is there any chance of removing the picture? Thanks if you can help. [[User:MarkThomas|MarkThomas]] 20:35, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
:If it were a Nazi symbol, yes, it would be inflammatory. However, {{li|Aigle-napoleonienne-p1030180.jpg}} is a Napoleonic ''[[aquila]]'', which I assume was not present on WWII battlefields. Incidentally, Cloveoil is right: do not harrass other editors on their talk pages, even fascists. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:40, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== Good Evening ==
I just wanted to let you know that DarzieP has updated his talk page. Please look at it. I'd like you to reconsider as he's not a bad guy. He is my brother after all.

== I think it's done ==

Thank you for your help.

I've finished my main copy-edit of [[User:The Transhumanist/Virtual classroom/Yuser, on fighting link spam]]. Please take a look, and touch-up anything that needs it. It goes live on Wednesday (tomorrow). '''''[[User:The Transhumanist|The Transhumanist   ]]'''''22:27, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

== Thank You Very Much ==
I thank you abundantly for your reconsideration of my ban. Could I bother you to explain to me what a provisional ban is? Thank you so much.

[[User:DarzieP|DarzieP]] 22:58, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

:You're welcome. You're not provisionally banned. You're provisionally unblocked, that is, if you commit one more copyright violation, I will block you again. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 06:30, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[Ohmefentanyl]] ==

It appears that after you deleted the page based on [[User:Nuklear]]'s request, he recreated it. I guess it was some kind of strategy to prematurely end the AfD discussion...? [[User:JulesH|JulesH]] 15:28, 21 March 2007 (UTC)
:Yes. Another AfD will be required if you think it's still problematic, I'm afraid to say. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 15:37, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

==Plese reconsider your vote to delete [[Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq]]==
Hi Sandstein,

I've just put a lot of work into improving [[Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq]] so that the article is not now anything like what it was when you voted to delete. I think it may meet your objections to it, so please take another look and see what you think. I'm still not satisfied with the article, but it has roughly the proper scope and many more reliable sources. I think what I've done shows that there's too much material out there to merge this article with anything else. Significant gaps remain and some subjects should have footnotes from more sources, but I think the article is several steps toward what it should be. Best, [[User:Noroton|Noroton]] 22:33, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

== Editors refusing discussion and edit warring ==

May I consider users refusing discussion on the talk page as a vandals ? '''[[User:Tulkolahten|≈Tulkolahten≈]][[User_talk:Tulkolahten|≈talk≈]]''' 00:19, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
:No. As per policy: "[[WP:VAND|Vandalism]] is any addition, removal, or change of content made in a ''deliberate'' attempt to compromise the integrity of Wikipedia. ... Any good-faith effort to improve the encyclopedia, even if misguided or ill-considered, is not vandalism." If a user does not enter into discussion, this is a different conduct issue that requires [[WP:DR|initiating the dispute resolution procedure]]. Depending on the case, it may also be disruptive and require admin intervention under e.g. the [[WP:3RR|three revert rule]] or the [[WP:CIV|civility rule]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:29, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

== Article Prod ==

I just wanted to give you heads up that I've deproded the [[Religion in A Song of Ice and Fire]]. I don't know if you want to take it to AfD or not but I think that the Prod reason is debatable enough to warrant discussion there is you feel that the article is clear cut policy violation. [[User:NeoFreak|NeoFreak]] 21:05, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

==Nicholas Ruiz III ==

Greetings Sandstein,

The article 'Nicholas Ruiz III' was deleted with very little discussion and unsatisfactory objections raised by the Wikipedia critic on the talk page for the article. Please reconsider the said deletion; it is exceedingly unfair and egregiously biased given the wide occurrence of similar articles already on Wikipedia. Many thanks for your consideration. I insert the text of the talk page here: <''content of [[Talk:Nicholas Ruiz III]] redacted, Sandstein''> {{unsigned|Nick.ruiz}}

:Dr Ruiz, your autobiography {{la|Nicholas Ruiz III}} was correctly speedily deleted under the rule [[WP:CSD#A7]] because it did not attest [[WP:PROF|notability]]. Also, per our [[WP:COI|conflict of interest]] policy, you are not allowed to write articles about yourself, especially if their content is not [[WP:V|verifiable]] by [[WP:RS|reliable sources]]. See also [[WP:WAX]]: that Wikipedia has many unsuitable articles is a reason to delete those, not to add more. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 06:29, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Greetings Sandstein,

Many thanks for your note. I believe I can attest to the notability of the article by claim of published work in an active field of study. Such information is verifiable by reliable sources, by Wikipedia standards. I do recognize that entries regarding one's work need to be carefully neutral--this care is taken in the article, which is neutral in bias. It is not the case that such already existing Wikipedia articles are 'unsuitable,' but rather, they serve an academic and informational purpose in higher education and for posterity. I do agree that they should be neutral in bias, and not promotional materials, as indeed, this article and the others safely avoid. Please reconsider this deletion, if any complaints or discrepancies arise regarding the entry, I agree to edit the article accordingly in a timely fashion. Thank you for your consideration.
[[User:Nick.ruiz|Nick.ruiz]] 10:53, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

:I'm sorry, but your claim of "published work in an active field of study" does not make you notable by [[WP:PROF|our standards]], which must be met in addition to the article being based on [[WP:RS|reliable independent sources]]. Also, per [[WP:COI]], writing articles about yourself is greatly frowned upon. You'd have to wait until someone else finds you interesting enough to write an article about. Please click these links to find out what I mean. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 08:51, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Sandstein, I am the editor and founder of the peer-reviewed journal ''Kritikos'', which is indexed in university library databases all over the world. ''Kritikos'' is widely known as one of the premier online, open-access journals for cultural and critical theory, art and criticism. All of this is independently verifiable. As for article authorship, -frowned upon- does not translate into -forbidden-. In light of the verifiable notability and responsible neutrality of the article, this article entry is a justifiable exception. Many thanks again, for your consideration.
[[User:Nick.ruiz|Nick.ruiz]] 20:17, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

:Hm, but this is apparently not widely known enough for [[Kritikos]] to have its own article. Even if it were so, and you cite no sources for it, it would not follow that you as the journal's editor would be notable also. This, in addition to the conflict of interest problem – it's hard to be "responsibly neutral" about oneself – leads me to decline your request for undeletion. If you would like to appeal this, you may file a request for deletion review at [[WP:DRV]]; please link to this discussion (with the link code: <nowiki>[[User talk:Sandstein#Nicholas Ruiz III]]</nowiki>) if you decide to do so. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:28, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Sandstein,
I have appealed your decision. The link is below.

An editor has asked for a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#{{{2|Nicholas Ruiz III}}}|deletion review]] of [[:Nicholas Ruiz III]]. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. [[User:Nick.ruiz|Nick.ruiz]] 01:32, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

:Thanks for the notification. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 07:18, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== Blocked user 207.69.137.14 ==

I see that on 10 March 2007 you blocked [[User talk:207.69.137.14|this user]] from editing. Does it take a while to take effect? This user today (23 March) made edits [[Jose Rodriguez (intelligence)]] which I'm trying to determine are valid or not. [[User:Alcarillo|Alcarillo]] 14:51, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
:The IPs are not the same. {{ipvandal|207.69.137.14}} is blocked, {{ipvandal|207.69.137.24}} is not. Please report the latter to [[WP:AIV]] in case of repeat vandalism. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 08:53, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Deletion of article titled "Pranic Healing" ==

Hi,

It is completely understandable why the article was deleted. I would like to create a new informational (not promotional) article with the same title. This is a subject I have been studying for many years and I think that given the number of people who study this modality and the number of books available on the subject, it would be very useful to have information about Pranic Healing on Wikipedia. Please let me know if it is alright to create an article with the same title right after the previous one was deleted. Would that be a cause for the deletion of my article?

Thanks for all your help.
[[User:Sg ph|Sg ph]] 18:32, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

:Hello. In principle, you may write a new article about {{la|Pranic Healing}}, because that article has not yet been the subject of a [[WP:AfD|articles for deletion discussion]]. In your case, I do not recommend it, though:
:#I note you are associated with the organisation "pranichealing.org". Per our [[WP:COI|conflict of interests]] policy, you should not edit articles about issues your organisation is involved with.
:#Looking at the deleted text, the concept appears to be [[WP:N|nonnotable]] and will thus be likely nominated for regular deletion. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 09:01, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== ZK ==

Ich habe mir den Quelltext von der Diskussionsseite vom BZ daheim bei mir auf Platte kopiert. Du kannst das also meinetwegen gern komplett zersägen. Mein Nachbar, er ist Pfarrer, hat zwar mit WIKIPEDIA nix am Hut, aber er meint auch, daß man erst mal das machen sollte (should do), was hier, bei WIKIPEDIA als AGF bezeichnet wird. Ich seh das anders, deshalb bin ich auch aus der Kirche ausgetreten. LA VIE EST BELLE. fz [[user:Jahn Henne|JaHn]] 22:35, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

== My RfA ==

Thank you for your change of heart concerning my [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/RevRagnarok|unsuccessful RfA]]. I am disappointed that I was judged by what in most opinions seem to be the wrong things. Hopefully I can convince you next time around. But until that time, edit on! :) — [[User:RevRagnarok|RevRagnarok]] [[User_talk:RevRagnarok |Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/RevRagnarok|Contrib]] 03:31, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

==[[The Bikini Carwash Company]]==
*There is a vote for deletion under way. I think you might be interested. [[User:Hektor|Hektor]] 14:17, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

:*Thanks but, per [[WP:CANVASS#Votestacking|the prohibition on votestacking]], I should not have been contacted, because since I am the prodder, I must be expected to favour deletion. For that reason, I decline to participate. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 14:23, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
:**Given the fact that I am in favor of '''keep''', and have written so in the vote, I don't see where is the problem ? why are people always assuming bad faith. See [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith]]. I just wrote to you because your archive was linked to this page, and I have also written to the other user you were writing to. I don't appreciate the accusation. [[User:Hektor|Hektor]] 14:28, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
:*** My apologies. I did not see that. I'll try and remember to [[WP:AGF]] more next time. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 16:16, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

{{ATTCD}}
[[User:Jossi|≈ jossi ≈]] [[User_talk:Jossi|(talk)]] 16:18, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Vandalism by User 72.10.124.202 ==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:72.10.124.202 Link to User's Talk Page]

this user has received a number of warnings about vandalism and being blocked, but has not been blocked to date, yet continues to vandalize articles. what is the procedure for blocking that user? [[User:Whateley23|Whateley23]] 20:59, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

:That's a shared IP which is not currently vandalising, so doesn't need blocking now. For next time, to have in-progress vandalism stopped, check that the user has received a final waning and then report them at [[WP:AIV]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:13, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

==Collateral damage==
Thanks for letting me know. I say go ahead and unblock, though I still have a couple lingering doubts. The main instigator of the earlier fraud definitely had some technical/hacking skills, so it's possible that they just did some password phishing to find another account to use. However, it's probably best to [[WP:AGF]] and then just keep an eye on things. If the account sticks with editing in unrelated areas, then we're fine. :) But if they make a beeline for any articles related to medieval history, then I'd say to keep them on a short leash and reblock immediately if any problems pop up. How's that sound? --[[User:Elonka|El]][[User talk:Elonka|on]][[Special:Contributions/Elonka|ka]] 21:21, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
: As a related account we ''are'' having troubles with, check contribs of {{user|208.157.148.51}}. We had another anon posting personal attacks, which an admin deleted, but now a different anon account is restoring the attacks. Could you help with vandalism cleanup there please? Or would you prefer that I took it to ANI? --[[User:Elonka|El]][[User talk:Elonka|on]][[Special:Contributions/Elonka|ka]] 22:15, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
::I don't claim to understand what is going on here, but this appears to be just trolling. Blocked. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:27, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

== Hmm, just bugging you about more socks. ==

Remember {{vandal|Brigader General}} and {{vandal|Lt. Col. Cole}}? I found another person with the same modus operandi. {{Vandal|Ruby1942}}. More of the same. I'd appreciate blocking, but I'll have left a notice on WP:AIV, IRC, and the user's talk page by then I think. [[User:Logical2u|Logical2u]][[Wikipedia:Editor review/Logical2u|Review me!]] 22:21, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

:BTW, I'm going to leave a RFCU (IP Check) on this person (if it's applicable, the policy keeps changing), as it seems to be a chronic problem at this point. Thanks for the block. [[User:Logical2u|Logical2u]][[Wikipedia:Editor review/Logical2u|Review me!]] 22:36, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

::Puppet and puppetmaster indefblocked. Thanks for the info, feel free to report any new socks that might pop up. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:42, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
:::I appear to have found one last sock. {{vandal|Jack3090}}. [[User:Logical2u|Logical2u]][[Wikipedia:Editor review/Logical2u|Review me!]] 23:00, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
::::... and blocked. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 08:08, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== A favor ==

Hello. I write to ask for a favor. I'm {{user|elipongo}} but I'm typing this from my cellphone's microbrowser via a Google interface because my computer crashed thursday morning. I'm hoping you'll do me the great favor of posting a template explaining my absence on my user & user talk pages. My new computer won't arrive for a couple of weeks and I won't be around much until then. Thank you! {{unsigned|66.102.6.136}}

:Sure, no problem. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 07:33, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== ? ==

And do please give us the courtesy of at least trying to write in English. — Sandstein 20:37, 24 March 2007 (UTC)"

are you saying i cant speak or write in english?

give me an example why. {{unsigned|Ryanbricks}}

:Replying on your talk page. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 07:25, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

=== my spelling ===

if you are refering to the way i spealt oiL, thats the way the band spells it.

Im Australian so our first language is english and i go to school so im %100 sure i can spell. {{unsigned|Ryanbricks}}

... Ah, yes, very well, thank you. However, your last sentence should have been spelled "I'm Australian, so my first language is English and I go to school, so I'm 100% sure I can spell." But never mind, and have fun contributing to Wikipedia. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 08:06, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

No need to be so arrogant with your reply. Every person born in Australia speaks English, so thats why i said "our", and your corrections are slightly wrong, Australians use different grammar to some countries e.g. Some countries spell color, Australians write colour, as for the word mom and mum. The swiss are only good for one thing, making chocolate.

Thanks Mr. Sandstein for your very informing "English Class"

== DYK ==

{| class="messagebox {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|small|standard}}-talk"
|-
|[[Image:Updated DYK query.svg|15px|Updated DYK query]]
|On [[25 March]], [[2007]], '''[[:Template:Did you know|Did you know?]]''' was updated with a fact from the article '''''[[Source Columba]]''''', which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the [[:Template talk:Did you know|"Did you know?" talk page]].
|}  --[[User:Carabinieri|Carabinieri]] 09:35, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== Hmm... ==

[[User_talk%3ABilly_Ego#Blocked_again]]. What's your call on it? —[[User:Pilotguy|Pilot]][[User:Pilotguy|guy]] [[User_talk:Pilotguy|cleared for takeoff]] 16:47, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:Thanks for bringing this to my attention. I'll not contest the matter if another administrator undoes the block. That said, I recommend declining the unblock request.
:[[WP:NOT#MYSPACE|We are not a free web host]] for political essays (or quotes collections, which have also been the subject of the previous cleanups of Billy Ego's userpage). Billy Ego is not a long-established editor who might be allowed more latitude in his user space. More importantly, though: he appears to be unwilling ''in principle'' to adhere to our content and conduct policies, taking an unnecessarily combative stance at every turn, as is the hallmark of most people who eventually end up at [[WP:BU]]. If Billy Ego were to be unblocked now, he might consider it as validation for any further soapboxing or combative editing (check his block log).
:Oh, and dragging this before ArbCom? What the hell for? This issue can very well be resolved at the [[WP:ANI]] level, if required. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 17:35, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

==Thanks==
I am now unblocked - thanks for your help. [[User:LeeG|LeeG]] 19:36, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== 10:08 ==

Sad, that articels, that are referred to in the www, are deleted! http://www.etre.com/blog/2006/12/1008_watch_advertisements/ Can I recover the article for my own information?! Best regards --[[User:Menphrad|menphrad]] 19:53, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:{{la|10:08}} was deleted per [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/10:08]]. I have restored a copy for you at [[User:Menphrad/10:08]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 20:00, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
::Thank you very much for your effort of restoring this piece of information for me! Best regards --[[User:Menphrad|menphrad]] 20:36, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

== <profanity redacted> ==
Why did you delete my drawing?!!!!!!???!!!!? [[User:Replay7|Replay7]] 21:44, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:See [[Wikipedia:Patent nonsense]] and [[WP:CSD#G1]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:49, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
Why can't you bring it back so I can re-save it to my computer? [[User:Replay7|Replay7]] 21:52, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:You want that bunch of scrawls back? No. You can recreate it faster than I can undelete it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:53, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
No I can't. I can't remember the design of it. [[User:Replay7|Replay7]] 22:01, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:So what? There was no design, just random blobs of colour. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:08, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
:Besides, if you uploaded it, it's still on your hard disk. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 22:12, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

==Hakia==
Hi

I am curious why you deleted the content on hakia. I will really appreciate if you can let me know. {{unsigned|Mitramitava}}

:{{la|Hakia}} was deleted under the rule [[WP:CSD#A7]]. It did not assert [[WP:WEB|notability]]. Click on the links to learn more. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 06:24, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

== Constitutional Conventions: Scottish National Party standing against the Speaker ==

Hi, thanks for trying to tidy up the article on Constitutional Conventions by promptly removing what I had written. However, I think you were wrong to do so. As it stands the article says "no major parties stand against the Speaker." Well, the Scottish National Party do: this is not original research (see [[Glasgow North East (UK Parliament constituency)#Election results]]) The Scottish National Party are a major party: they are the official opposition in the Scottish Parliament. Therefore, I think my addition to the article should stand.

Thanks

[[User:Boleslaw|Boleslaw]] 21:13, 26 March 2007 (UTC) DB

:Okay, go ahead and put it back in... I really know too little about this. Maybe you could add an [[WP:REF|inline reference]] to a [[WP:RS|reliable source]] to back this up? [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:20, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

If you know too little about this why did you self-righteously delete it???

On a more constructive note, I have a reference from the BBC website:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/vote2005/flash_map/html/map05.stm

However, this is a Flash animation which one has to navigate around to find the required information. Can I link to this?

[[User:Boleslaw|Boleslaw]] 21:24, 26 March 2007 (UTC)DB

:Please read [[WP:AGF]]. See [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:EL]] as to your second question. You ''can'' link to it, the question is whether you ''should''. You don't need to source the claim that the SNP is a major party. You do need to source the claim that they do what you claim they are doing in Parliament. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:29, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

== Deletion of MediaCommons ==

You speedy deleted MediaCommons despite me putting a hang-on tag on the site, providing a citation on one lengthy external article on the organization, and indicating in the discussion that it was a work-in-progress and stub. Can you please explain the rationale for this? --[[User:Jajasoon|Jajasoon]] 04:21, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

:Certainly. The rationale for deleting {{la|MediaCommons}} was [[WP:CSD#a7]], i.e., the article did not assert notability. A piece of external coverage is no assertion of notability. I've restored the content to [[User:Jajasoon/MediaCommons]] so that you may work on it to bring it to [[WP:WEB]] standards before re-publishing it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:36, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

== Reply from the Hybrid ==

Hello. As I was involved in a lengthy RfC pertaining to [[User:Cerebral Warrior]], which is visible near the bottom of his talk page, I am aware that certain things are simply not allowed on Wikipedia, and must be removed. I am also aware that freedom of speech is non-existent here. However, looking at things logically, certain things have been allowed. To start, [[:Category:Wikipedians by politics]]. The existence of these categories suggests that Wikipedians are allowed to identify what political views they hold. Since many of these users are in these categories due to having certain userboxes on their pages, that suggests that they are able to publicize what views they hold on their user page in a visual, literary form. Removing these things from user pages, yet maintaining the categories is contradictory. What is the correct thing to do, delete the categories, or allow freedom of expression? Does this warrant a larger poll? Cheers, -- '''[[Special:Contributions/The Hybrid|The]] [[User:The Hybrid|Hyb]][[User Talk:The Hybrid|rid]]''' 06:02, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

== Help to unblock account ==

Hi Sandstein,

I really appreciate for your help to unblock "Florawu" account. However,I'd like to know the current status so far.

I left message to request unblock as the below reason, but it seems like no response. Feel disappointed because Wikipedia is supposed to collect the valuable knowledge as much as possible. In my case, I try to contribute world's first "ACT" (Automatic channel targeting)function from MIPRO as the pro audio valuable hi-tech knowledge. (please visit www.mipro.com.tw in detail). "the conflict of interest" makes my account has been blocked. I must apologize for this mistake. However, I promise not to edit the relevant article and request the opportunity to unblock only.

Finally, I hope administers who want to contribute the valuable and important knowledge for Wikipedia can help to save this problem.

Again, thanks for your assistance in advance. Sorry, I can not sign the name at the end because of block IP address not allow me to leave message to you.

My account is :"Florawu" —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/59.120.105.139|59.120.105.139]] ([[User talk:59.120.105.139|talk]]) 06:46, 27 March 2007 (UTC).

:I'm replying on [[User talk:Florawu]]. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 04:39, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== Thanks for unblocking ==

Hi Sandstein,

Thanks for your help in lifting my Autoblock - while I'm hardly a major contributor I like to do my little bit and certainly have no interest in abusive or similar behaviour - joys of shared IP addressing.

Best regards,

Peter aka [[User:Pstansbu|Pstansbu]] 22:06, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

==Arbitration filed==
Here's to notify you that an arbitration is being filed against you here [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration]. [[User:Billy Ego|Billy Ego]] 01:15, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

== XFD's ==

{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar.png|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Original Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thanks for reviewing me and pointing my mistakes out. I haven't learnt well XFD's yet, so I was bound for something like that. I didn't realise (I missed the policy and the essay), I was out of tune. Thanks for reviewing me and thanks so much for slamming me hard instead being really nice. It is very appreciated. A barnstar is hereby awarded. Cheers! [[User_talk:Evilclown93 | The Evil Clown]] [[Special:Contributions/Evilclown93|my contributions]] 20:00, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
|}
:Hey, thanks. I do hope I was not too frank about it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 04:32, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== The Foil of Wit ==

[[Image:Foil-2004-C.jpg|right|thumb|200px|I, [[User:Durova|Durova]], award you this Italian grip Foil of Wit for delightful Homeric ripostes at the [[WP:RFA|RFA]] for [[User:Akhilleus|Akhilleus]]. [[User:Durova|Durova]]''[[User talk:Durova|Charge!]]'' 21:49, 28 March 2007 (UTC)]]
Thanks! [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 04:34, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 

==Re:Abortion in Switzerland==
Sorry, I wasn't aware of that fact. Thanks for the heads-up. I'll go ahead and create [[:Category:Abortion in Europe]] as [[:Category:Abortion in the European Union]] seems to needlessly exclude [[European Union#Member states|non-EU]] countries in Europe. It doesn't seem logical for some European states not to be grouped with the rest. Also, this would harmonize the category with the navigation box featured on the bottom of the "Abortion in Europe" articles (like [[Abortion in Finland]]), which is titled "Abortion in Europe," not "Abortion in the European Union." Also, thank you for creating the [[Abortion in Switzerland]] article, and helping to fill a gap in Wikipedia's coverage of global abortion law. -[[User:Severa|Severa]] ([[User talk:Severa|!!!]]) 20:49, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

== [[Reza Shah/New]] ==

If you look at the talk page, the author agreed to have it deleted. So it should probably be deleted. Thanks. [[User:The Behnam|The Behnam]] 04:57, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

== Millennium Challenge Account ==

On the map critique, I was wondering what you meant. The map image itself is a wikicommons creation that is free use. All the best! [[User:Judgesurreal777|Judgesurreal777]] 08:22, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
:I meant: what data is the map based on? That data needs [[WP:RS|reliable sources]], too. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 09:12, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

==[[Tax protester statutory arguments]]==

Dear editor Sandstein: Thank you for your GA review of this article. Your points are very helpful. Yours, [[User:Famspear|Famspear]] 21:02, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

:You're welcome. I've added a few additional thoughts. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 21:21, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

== Military simulation ==

{| class="messagebox {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|small|standard}}-talk"
|-
|[[Image:Updated DYK query.png|{{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|20px|35px}}|Updated DYK query]]
|'''[[:Template:Did you know|Did you know?]]''' was updated. On [[30 March]], [[2007]], a fact from the article '''[[Military simulation]]''', which you recently nominated, has been featured in that section on the [[Main Page]]. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the [[:Template talk:Did you know|"Did you know?" talk page]].
|} --'''[[User:Howcheng|howcheng]]''' {[[User talk:Howcheng|chat]]} 23:55, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

== Abortion in Switzerland ==

{| class="messagebox {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|small|standard}}-talk"
|-
|[[Image:Updated DYK query.svg|15px|Updated DYK query]]
|On [[31 March]], [[2007]], '''[[:Template:Did you know|Did you know?]]''' was updated with a fact from the article '''''[[Abortion in Switzerland]]''''', which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the [[:Template talk:Did you know|"Did you know?" talk page]].
|}  --'''[[User:Howcheng|howcheng]]''' {[[User talk:Howcheng|chat]]} 06:07, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

== Why are you so rude? ==

Hello. I was just reading my talk page and found that you are attempting to qualify a reasonless statement by adding "IMHO", presumably meaning in my honest opinion? Why are you so rude to use abbreviations for words normally respected in the english language as being sincere?

Please reply, and apologise if you can't defend adequately. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 13:26, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

Economy of Australia

2007-03-31T13:19:58Z

Lord fabs: Removed impact of drought on the economy as it is blatantly inaccurate and requires further reputable sources

{{Economy of Australia table}}
:''Throughout this article, the unqualified term "dollar" and the $ symbol refer to the [[Australian dollar]].''

The '''Economy of Australia''' is a prosperous, Western-style [[market economy]], with a [[per capita]] [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] slightly higher than [[United Kingdom]], [[France]] and [[Germany]].

The Australian is dominated by its services sector (68% of GDP), yet it is the agricultural and mining sectors (8% of GDP combined) that account for 65% of its exports. Rich in natural resources, [[Australia]] is a major exporter of agricultural products, particularly grains and wool, and [[mineral]]s, including various [[metal]]s, coal, and natural gas. A downturn in world commodity prices can thus have a large impact on the economy.

Australia's [[competitive advantage]] in primary products is a reflection of the natural wealth of the Australian continent and its small domestic market; 20.6 million people occupy a continent the size of the contiguous [[United States]]. Service industries have expanded in recent decades at the expense of the manufacturing sector, which now accounts for just under 12 percent of GDP.

Australia's emphasis on reforms is often cited as a key factor behind the continuing strength of the economy. In the 1980s, the [[Australian Labor Party]], led by [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Bob Hawke]] and [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]] [[Paul Keating]], commenced the modernisation of the Australian economy by [[Floating exchange rate|floating]] the Australian dollar in [[1983]], leading to full financial deregulation.

Current areas of concern to some economists include Australia's large [[current account deficit]], the absence of a successful export-oriented manufacturing industry, a [[real estate bubble]], and high levels of net foreign debt owed by the private sector.

==History==
{{See|Economic history of Australia}}

==Microeconomic reform==
Key microeconomic reforms include unilaterally reducing high tariffs and other protective barriers; floating the Australian dollar exchange rate; deregulating the financial services sector-- including a decision in late 1992 to allow liberal access for foreign bank branches; rationalizing and reducing the number of trade unions; efforts to restructure the highly centralized system of industrial relations and labour bargaining; better integrating the State economies into a national federal system; improving and standardizing the national infrastructure; and privatizing much of the government-owned services and public utilities.

Since 1996, the [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] government, led by Prime Minister [[John Howard]], continued to implement microeconomic reform policies. The microeconomic reforms of the Howard government have focussed on the labour market, and has attempted to reduce [[trade union|union]] power and involvement in the workplace. The Coalition government deregulated numerous other industries, including the [[Communications in Australia|telecommunications]] sector, and privatised many of the pre-existing monopolies. Since the recession of the early 1990s, the Australian economy has not suffered a [[recession]] in over 14 years. As of January 2007, unemployment had fallen to a level of 4.6 per cent, the lowest level since the 1970s. The price of [[shares]] listed on the [[Australian Stock Exchange]] has also grown significantly since the early 1990s.

Many raw materials (including resources postulated to exist but yet to be discovered) remain mostly unexploited. Economists often refer to Australia as the "world's farm". The [[Agriculture in Australia|agriculture]] and natural resources sectors contribute significantly to GDP, both directly and indirectly, through associated services like road and rail [[transport in Australia|transport]] networks, which in some areas exist entirely based on an industrial need, and supporting rural economies. In recent years the Australian government has been focusing on the development of the [[tourism]], [[education]] and [[technology]] markets. The Australian government funds scientific research and development through universities, the [[Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation]] (CSIRO), and through joint ventures between the public and private sectors called [[Cooperative Research Centre]]s.

==Economic growth==
The ultimate goal is for Australia to become a competitive producer and exporter, not just of traditional farm and mineral commodities, but of a diversified mix of [[value added]] manufactured products, services, and technologies. While progress has been made on this economic reform agenda – such as in opening the telecommunications market to competition – much remains to be done, particularly in the domestic arena. These values of the share market comprises many different telecommunication companies.

While the near-term outlook is for continued economic expansion, Australia's longer term prospects depend heavily on continued fundamental economic reform. There is a general consensus among the major political parties, management, and labour on the necessary features of this reform but significant divergence of views on the methods, pace, and degree of change required.

The influence of [[PRC|China's]] economic growth has also fuelled Australia's export growth in mineral and energy resources, with the recent Western Australian [[LNG|Liquified Natural Gas]] contract worth potentially $25 billion over the life of the project [http://www.austrade.gov.au/overseas/layout/0,,0_S3-1_3z6-2_-3_PWB11006320-4_-5_-6_-7_,00.html]. China's industrialisation has resulted in an export boom for resource corporations, and thus contributed to increasing the Australian Federal Government's revenue stream from increased Company Tax takings. Australia's trade with China is currently the fastest growing in the past decade, to become the third largest trading partner overall.

Recent changes by the Coalition Government on [[Industrial Relations|industrial reform]], with particular regards to new laws changing the regulation of workplace contracts for small businesses under 100 employees, has resulted in major discontent among union groups and employee advocates. Critics argue that the laws will result in reduced worker entitlements in return for nominal financial compensation, which will thus impact on the social needs of individuals. Furthermore, it is argued that there is no economic evidence to support the government's claims that the changes will stimulate productivity and raise wages. Nevertheless, businesses welcome attempts to improve productivity, and believe such reforms will benefit the Australian economic output as a whole.

The privatisation of [[Telstra]] will also be a major agenda for the government, potentially worth AU$30 billion, as it seeks to retire public debt and build upon successive federal surpluses for a future capital reserve. Telstra's privatisation is undergoing numerous consultations with various lobby groups, particularly rural areas which expect funds to be allocated for improving rural telecommunications infrastructure. Various proposals for privatisation to improve competition of Telstra's natural monopoly over fixed lines, including the separation of Telstra's wholesale communications and its retail division, have been seen as unsatisfactory by the current Telstra board for maximising the final share price.

==Taxation==
As a Federation, political power is spread between the Commonwealth and State Governments. As a result, both the Commonwealth and the States have their own taxes. Taxes vary from State to State due to their different needs, populations, economics and budgetary position. The Commonwealth is the main source of income for State Governments, however. The Commonwealth's largest sources of revenue are income tax and business tax. As a result of State dependence on Federal taxation revenue to meet decentralised expenditure responsibilities, Australia is said to suffer from a [[vertical fiscal imbalance]].

===Federal taxation===

*[[Income tax in Australia]]:

This is the amount of tax that people have to pay on their income from [[July 1]] [[2006]]. Source: [http://www.budget.gov.au/2006-07/overview/html/overview_07.htm click here]

{| class="wikitable"
!Taxable income !! Tax on this income
|-
|$0 – $6,000
|No tax
|-
|$6,001 – $25,000
|15c for each $1 over $6,000
|-
|$25,001-$75,000
|$2,849.85 plus 30c for each $1 over $25,000
|-
|$75,001 – $150,000
|$17849.85 plus 40c for each $1 over $75,000
|-
|Over $150,000
|$47849.85 plus 45c for each $1 over $150,000
|}

The [[Medicare (Australia)|Medicare]] levy applies to certain thresholds.

*[[GST]] (Goods and Services Tax)

The Goods and Services Tax, which is the Australian equivalent of the VAT, is a 10% consumption tax imposed on goods which was introduced by the [[John Howard|Howard]] Government in 2000. There are however, products which are GST-free, such as fresh foods. GST was brought in to replace the old Wholesale sale tax which was confusing and consumers didn't know what was taxed and how much the tax was.

The purpose of the GST is to provide the States with enough funds so that they can abolish and/or reduce some of their State taxes and expand the size of their services to the public. In the contract signed between the Commonwealth and the States and Territories in 1999, the distribution of GST revenue is decided by the Federal Government. This has resulted in disputes between the Commonwealth and NSW and Victoria who are aggrieved because they are receiving less GST revenue than the respective State generates; the excess revenue is then transferred to other states such as Queensland. The GST rate cannot be increased or decreased without the unanimous approval of Commonwealth and State Governments.

*Corporate/Company Tax

All businesses pay a company/corporate tax of 30%.

*Social Security Levies (this part needs to be expanded)

All people must pay Social Security levies so as to fund healthcare, retirement programs.

Medicare Levy: 1.5% 

*[[Capital Gains Tax]] (CGT)

The Federal Government collects Capital Gains Tax on assets acquired on or after [[20 September]] [[1985]]. It has the effect of including the capital gain as part of the individual or corporation's income, thereby subjecting it to income tax at the individual's appropriate tax rate. See [[Capital gains tax in Australia]].

*Excise duty
38.143 cents per litre on [[petrol]] and [[diesel]], and 12.5 cents per litre on [[Autogas]] (LPG) and [[ethanol]].
The Government also taxes alcohole and tobacco under excise duty.

===State taxation===

States also have their own taxes so that they can fund the services they offer. For obvious reasons, tax rates vary from State/Territory to State/Territory. Certain States and Territories may not even levy certain taxes that are mentioned below.

*Payroll Tax: tax levied on businesses.
*Pokies Tax: tax levied on businesses who offer gambling services.
*Land Tax: tax levied on people and businesses who own land.
*Capital Gains Tax (CGT): tax levied on people/businesses who sell the assets that have appreciated in value.
*Vendor's Tax: tax which is levied on people/businesses who sell property. It has been labelled as the world's dumbest tax by some economists, since people already pay CGT when selling a property.

===Municipal taxation===

Local Governments, or as they are known in Australia, councils, have their own taxes so that they can provide garbage collection, park maintenance services, libraries and museums, etc. This taxation is commonly referred to as "council rates".

==Trade==
Despite high global demand for Australian mineral commodities, export growth has remained flat in comparison to strong import growth.

==Economic indicators==
'''Fiscal Year:''' [[1 July]] - [[30 June]]

'''Industrial Production Growth Rate:''' -3.5% (2006 est.)

'''Agriculture - Products:''' wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry

'''Exports - Commodities:''' coal, gold, meat, wool, aluminum, uranium, iron ore, wheat, machinery and transport equipment, liquefied natural gas

'''Imports - Commodities:''' crude oil and petroleum products

'''Imports - Products:''' machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts;

'''[[Exchange rates]]:''' 
''Australian dollars per US dollar:'' 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000), 1.55 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996), 1.3486 (1995)

'''Electricity:'''
* ''production:'' 237 [[TWh]] (2004)
* ''consumption:'' 221 TWh (2004)
* ''exports:'' 0 kWh (2003)
* ''imports:'' 0 kWh (2003)

'''Electricity - production by source:'''
* ''fossil fuel:'' 90.8%
* ''hydro:'' 8.3%
* ''nuclear:'' 0%
* ''other:'' 0.9% (2001)

==References==
*The World Bank-2005 data [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20399244~menuPK:1504474~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html]
*Harcourt, T. (2005). [http://www.austrade.gov.au/overseas/layout/0,,0_S3-1_3z6-2_-3_PWB11006320-4_-5_-6_-7_,00.html How the LNG deal was won]. ''Australian Trade Commission Website''
*Macfarlane, I. J. (1998). [http://www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/Bulletin/bu_oct98/bu_1098_2.pdf Australian Monetary Policy in the Last Quarter of the Twentieth Century]. ''Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin'', October 1998
*Parham, D. (2002). [http://www.pc.gov.au/research/confproc/mrrag/mrrag.pdf Microeconomic reforms and the revival in Australia’s growth in productivity and living standards]. ''Conference of Economists Adelaide'', [[1 October]] [[2002]]
*Some statistics on this page have been drawn from publications of the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]].
*{{CIA WFB 2005}}
*Australian Department of Foreign Affairs & Trade (http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/australia/index.html - Australian Facts).

==See also==
*[http://www.oecd.org/australia/ OECD's Australia country Web site] and [http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/australia/ OECD Economic Survey of Australia]
*[http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/mesi/ Monthly Economic and Social Indicators (Australian Parliamentary Library)]
*[[Australia]]
*[[Reserve Bank of Australia]]
*[[Economy of Oceania]]

{{South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission}}
{{OECD}}
{{APEC}}
{{WTO}}
{{Australian industries}}

[[Category:Economy of Australia| ]]
[[Category:WTO member economies|Australia]]

{{Link FA|fr}}

[[es:Economía de Australia]]
[[fr:Économie de l'Australie]]
[[gl:Economía de Australia]]
[[io:Ekonomio di Australia]]
[[it:Economia australiana]]
[[lb:Economie vun Australien]]
[[lt:Australijos ekonomika]]
[[pt:Economia da Austrália]]

Talk:Automotive safety

2007-03-30T01:56:33Z

Lord fabs: /* Toddler contradiction */

I am generally a grammar-minded person, rather than a word choice-minded person. So, my critiques will probably be somewhat... grammar-minded in nature :-).

*''the minimization of harmful effects, specially on people'' - use ''especially'' in this case
*''either by crashing into something, or by being crashed into'' - not the best word choice, and ''into'' is a preposition; it's generally considered incorect to end sentences with prepositions
*''overtired driving'' --> ''driving while fatigued''?
*typos and related errors - ''immidiatley'', ''case more damage'', ''in 1975 The''
*Generally, there's no need to repeat [[United States]] in front of links (i.e. [[United States Congress]]); instead of "by the [[United States Congress]]", say "by [[United States Congress|Congress]]"; most people will know what you are talking about when referring to "Congress".

But this page looks fine; no glaring POV or anything of that sort. Nice job! [[User:Ugen64|ugen64]] 03:18, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

:I agree, and I'll do a little rewording, hope you don't mind. Here's a question:
*''Every year thousands of people are killed in car crashes.''
:Where does this statistic come from? Later you write there are 40,000 deaths in the U.S. alone - I'm missing: "according to..." Also, does anyone actually make a distinction between deaths in car crashes and deaths in other road accidents? Shouldn't "road accidents" be the term used here?
*''Most seats require top slot for forward-facing''
:What does this mean? And a final question, something I'm personally interested in - is there any information about special safety devices for pregnant women who can't get the darned seatbelt to sit right? [[User:Woggly|Woggly]] 07:37, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

== Airbags ==

The trouble with airbags is that they are on the inside instead of the outside. That way they make the driver feel safe to eat his hamburger, sip his beer and talk on his cell phone, but do no good to the pedestrian he hits.
--[[User:David R. Ingham|David R. Ingham]] 17:09, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

== seatbelt tension and the dummy test ==

Something ought to be said about this:

Crash tests are done with dummies. The dummies are '''not''' capable of controlling the car. Thus, the crash tests fail to discriminate against designs that make control of the car difficult. Cars, naturally, are '''designed for the test''', which is not the same as being designed for safety.

Consider the seat belt tensioner. This lovely little device nearly got me into a crash. I applied the brakes rather strongly, silently triggering the device. My shoulder belt became immobile, unbeknownst to me. I then tried to turn sharply to the right in an evasive action. In doing so, I normally bring my left shoulder forward for better control. (leverage I guess) This time, when I most needed to operate my steering wheel without obstruction or distraction, I was held back by an ill-conceived "safety" device. I'm lucky the safety equipment didn't kill me. It nearly did.

I like to avoid crashes. I'm sure the seat belt tensioner is really great... if you are a crash dummy.

[[User:24.110.60.225|24.110.60.225]] 07:57, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

: If you cannot make the necessary inputs when your seat belt is locked, there's something wrong with your driving position or the way you're wearing the belt. [[Autocross]]ers make extreme steering inputs, one after the other, and most of the better ones are either wearing harnesses or ''deliberately'' locking their seat belt tensioner to keep their upper body firmly planted against the seatback. I can't quite visualize how your belt is interfering with you, but I'm quite sure the blame shouldn't fall to the safety device. -- [[User:Coneslayer|Coneslayer]] 16:12, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

== Driving test - emergency stop - when pregnant ==

My wife is due to do her driving test in a couple of weeks. We have just discovered she is pregnant. She is concerned that the 'emergency stop' procedure in the test could damage the baby. I have searched online but can finds no references to this. Has anyone heard of anything, or any experience - eg having done the test at 9-10 weeks...
[[User:81.178.229.20|81.178.229.20]] 11:03, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

:You can ask at [[Wikipedia:Reference desk/Science]], but remember to not rely on anonymous internet users, and to ask a doctor also. -- [[User:Jeandré|Jeandré]], 2006-02-12[[User talk:Jeandré|t]]16:32z

== Informed for life ==

[[User:InformedForLife]] added the following:
----
Because there exists so much dis-information and hype regarding vehicle safety, an objective metric was created in 2003, by a mechanical engineer, to measure overall passenger vehicle safety on a fatality-weighted basis. The Vehicle Risk Index is posted for most passenger vehicles on a free, public service website, www.InformedForLife.org, and is sponsored by a nonprofit organization, Informed For Life, Inc.
*[http://www.InformedForLife.org/ vehicle risk index]
----
A couple of problems: first, the text is patently not stated in [[WP:NPOV|neutral terms]]. Second, there is no evidence of the significance of the group. Third, the user self-identifies with the group; per [[WP:EL]] you should not add links to your own website.

So, editors on this article might want to review this group and see if it merits inclusion. [[User Talk:JzG|Just zis Guy you know?]] 17:37, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

== driving unconscious ==

''Major factors in accidents include driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs; inattentive driving; driving while fatigued or unconscious''

How do you drive a car when you are unconscious?

A. In the same fashion as 'Sleep-walking'. Driving a car while unconscious (e.g., falling asleep at the wheel) is a very dangerous condition. :) --Lperez2029 19:53, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

== Toddler contradiction ==

It says toddlers should be placed in forward facing seats however it has been proven that it also states it is safer to face rearwards. [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 01:56, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

Talk:Automotive safety

2007-03-30T01:55:52Z

Lord fabs: Toddler contradiction

Automotive safety

2007-03-30T01:54:23Z

Lord fabs: /* Infants */

{{Redirect5|Passive safety|nuclear safety|Passive nuclear safety}}
'''Automobile safety''' is the avoidance of [[automobile accident]]s or the minimization of harmful effects of accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health. Special safety features have been built into cars for years, some for the safety of [[car]]'s occupants only, some for the safety of others.

[[Image:Safety_distance_1s_p1050014.jpg|thumb|300px|Distance covered by vehicles in one second (the typical human reaction time).]]
Road traffic injuries represent about 25% of worldwide injury-related deaths (the leading cause) with an estimated 1.2 million deaths (2004) each year - World Health Organization <ref>[http://www.who.int/world-health-day/2004/infomaterials/world_report/en/ World Health Organization: World report on road traffic injury prevention (2004)]</ref>).

Major factors in accidents include [[drunk driving|driving under the influence of alcohol]] or other [[recreational drug use|drugs]]; inattentive driving; [[crash compatibility]] between vehicles; driving while fatigued or unconscious; encounters with road hazards such as snow, potholes, and crossing animals; or reckless driving.

==History==
Car safety became an issue almost immediately after the invention of the automobile, when [[Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot]] crashed his steam-powered "Fardier" against a wall in [[1771]]. One of the earliest recorded automobile fatalities was [[Mary Ward (scientist)|Mary Ward]], on [[August 31]], [[1869]] in [[Parsonstown, Ireland]].

In the 1940s SAAB incorporated aircraft safety thinking into automobiles making the [[Saab 92]] the first production car first with a safety cage<ref>[http://www.channel4.com/4car/news/news-story.jsp?news_id=6034 4Car: Saab shows its first concept car]</ref>.

In the 1950´s, [[Mercedes-Benz]] made the first [[crash test]]s <ref>[http://autospeed.drive.com.au/cms/A_2801/article.html AutoSpeed: Early Mercedes Safety]</ref>.

In [[1958]], the [[United Nations]] established the [[World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations]], an [[international]] standards body advancing auto safety. Many of the most life saving safety innovations, like [[seat belts]] and [[roll cage]] construction were brought to market under its auspices.

In 1966, the US established the [[United States Department of Transportation]] (DOT) with automobile safety one of its purposes. The [[National Transportation Safety Board]] (NTSB) was created as an independent organization on [[April 1]], [[1967]], but was reliant on the DOT for administration and funding. However, in [[1975]] the organization was made completely independent by the [[Independent Safety Board Act]].

The NTSB and its [[Europe]]an equivalent, [[EuroNCAP]] have each issued independent safety tests for all new automobiles, without [[NHTSA|reciprocity]].

In June, [[2004]] the NTSB released new tests designed to test the rollover risk of new cars and [[SUV]]s. Only the [[Mazda RX-8]] got a 5-star rating. However, the correlation between official crash test results and road deaths in vehicles is not exact. An alternative method of assessing vehicle safety is to study the [[road accident statistics on a model-by-model basis]].

Despite technological advances, the death toll of car accidents remains high: about 40,000 people die every year in the US. While this number increases annually in line with rising population and increased travel, the rate per capita and per vehicle miles travelled decreases. In 1996 the US had about 2 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles, comparable to 1.9 in Germany, 2.6 in France, and 1.5 in the UK <ref>[http://www.factbook.net/EGRF_Regional_analyses_HMCs.htm Estimating global road fatalities - Regional Analyses - Highly Motorised Countries]</ref>. In 1998 there were 3,421 fatal accidents in the UK, the fewest since 1926 <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/442834.stm UK Road deaths fall to record low], BBC News, September 9, 1999</ref>.

A much higher number of accidents result in permanent disability.

==Color==
A Swedish study found that pink cars are indeed safer, with black cars being most likely to be involved in crashes. This test also showed [[Saab]] to be the "safest car in Sweden [In terms of passive safety]" (Land transport NZ 2005).

In Auckland New Zealand, a study found that there was a significantly lower risk of serious injury in [[silver]] cars; with higher risks in brown, black, and green cars. (Furness ''et al'', 2003)

== Passenger safety ==
===Pregnant women===
When pregnant, women should continue to use seatbelts and airbags properly. A University of Michigan study found that ''"unrestrained or improperly restrained pregnant women are 5.7 times more likely to have an adverse fetal outcome than properly restrained pregnant women"'' [http://www.dps.state.mn.us/trafsafe/beltsairbags/pregnacy.htm]. If seatbelts are not long enough, extensions are available from the car manufacturer or an aftermarket supplier.

===Children===
Car safety is especially critical for young children, as car safety is generally designed for normal sized adults. Safety features that could save an adult can actually cause more damage to a child than if the feature was not there. It is important to review with others, who may be supervising the child, the rules for car safety. All children age 12 and under should ride in the back seat. Also children weighing less than 85 lbs should be in the back seat. This is especially the case if there are airbags in the front seat, as airbags are only designed to protect adults and may injure children. That is not just an opinion but is also law in many of the U.S. states and other countries. The Center for Injury Research and Prevention at The Children's Hospital Of Philadelphia has developed a website for parents and caregivers with extensive information about transporting children safely in automobiles. If your car is purchased in a state with any warnings (example: Air bag warning or booster seat warnings) the warnings should be considered as law in that state. This website is available at [http://www.chop.edu/carseat www.chop.edu/carseat]

[[Child safety lock]]s prevent children from accidentally opening doors from inside the vehicle, even if the door is unlocked. The door, once unlocked, can then be opened only from the outside. To find out more about laws relating to children car safety contact your local department of transportation authority.

====Infants====
[[newborn baby|Newborn babies]] should be put in a [[Baby transport#Car seats|car seat]] until they weigh at least 20 or 22 pounds (10 or 11 kg). These carriers are designed to be placed in the rear seat and face towards the rear with the baby looking towards the back window. Some of these carriers are "Convertibles" which can also be used forward facing for older children. With infants, these should '''only''' be used '''facing the rear'''. Harness straps should be at or below shoulder level.

A rear-facing infant restraint must never be put in the front seat of a vehicle with a front passenger air bag. A rear-facing infant restraint places an infant's head close to the air bag module, which can cause severe head injuries or death if the air bag deploys. Modern cars include a switch to turn off the airbag system of the passenger seat, in which case a child-supporting seat must be installed.

====Toddlers====
{{contradict|section}}
[[Toddler]]s over 1 year old and between 10 and 20 kg (20 and 40 pounds) should be placed in forward facing child seats or convertibles placed in the rear seat. Harness straps should be at or above the child's shoulders.
In Scandinavia the recommendation is to use rearward facing seats up to the age of 4 or 5 (size of seat permitting), and in Scandinavia you will find very few children under the age of 4 facing forward. It has been proven many times that it is far safer to face rearward in an accident.

====Young children====
Children who weigh less than 80 pounds (40 kg), are younger than 8, or are shorter than 4 ft 9 in (1.4 m) are advised to use belt positioning [[booster seat]]s which raise them to a level that allows seat belts to work effectively. These seats are forward facing and must be used with both lap and shoulder belts.

Make sure the lap belt fits low and tight across the lap/upper thigh area and the shoulder belt fits snug crossing the chest and shoulder to avoid abdominal injuries.

There are two main types of booster seats. If the car's back seat is lower than the child's ears, a '''high back booster seat''' should be used to help protect the child's head and neck. If the car's seat back is higher than the child's ears, a '''backless booster seat''' can be used.

====Teenage Drivers====
Most areas in the United States will issue a full driver's license at the age of 16, and all within a range between 14 and 18 [http://golocalnet.com/drivingage/]. In addition to being relatively inexperienced, teen drivers are also cognitively immature, compared to other drivers. This combination leads to an increased risk of accidents among this demographic. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52687-2005Jan31.html Brain Immaturity Could Explain Teen Crash Rate, Washington Post, February 1, 2005].

== Safety dangers ==
Main safety dangers for automobiles are the [[wind]] (maintaining the direction) and the [[rain]].

Other safety dangers include drink driving, driving when fatigued or unconscious or driving with distractions inside the car.
{{Sectstub}}

==Safety features==
===Active safety===
To make driving safer and prevent accidents from occurring, cars may have the following active safety features:
*[[Turn signal]]s and brake lights, including [[Center High Mounted Stop Lamp]]s (CHMSL)
*[[steering#Speed Adjustable Steering|Variable assist power steering]] allows assistance to the motorist while parking, but reduces steering effort assistance at motorway speeds
* Headlight wipers/washers
* Mercedes style ribbed tailights to prevent snow and grime build-up
*[[Dynamic steering response]] (DSR) corrects the rate of [[power steering]] system to adapt it to vehicle's speed and road conditions.
*[[Traction control]] (TCS) actuates brakes or reduces throttle to restore traction if driven wheels begin to spin.
*[[Hill holder]].
*[[Four wheel drive]] (AWD) with a center [[differential]]. Distributing power to all four wheels lessens the chances of wheel spin. It also suffers less from [[oversteer]] and [[understeer]] than [[front wheel drive]], but more understeer than [[rear wheel drive]].
*[[Reverse backup sensors]], which alert drivers to nearby objects in their path, are installed in some high-end vehicles, but may also be purchased separately.
*[[Electronic Stability Control]] (ESC, also known by ESP and other numerous manufacturer-specific names). Uses various sensors to intervene when the car senses a possible loss of control. The car's control unit can reduce power from the engine and even apply the brakes to prevent the car from [[understeer]]ing or [[oversteer]]ing. See [[car stability]]
*[[Lateral Support]] : [[Lane Departure Warning System]] (LDWS).
*[[headlights#Dynamic Headlight Beam Control|Directional headlights]], which allow the driver to see obstacles ahead in the roadway while cornering.
*Low center of gravity and other conventional features promoting good [[car handling]] and braking, and helping to avoid [[rollover]].
*[[Ride quality|Comfortable suspension]] and seating to avoid accidents from [[fatigue (medical)|driver fatigue]].
*Large (relative to weight) high performance [[tire]]s, suited to the weather and road conditions, contribute to braking and handling. Soft high [[histeresis]] [[rubber]], tread and cord design are important. See [[Run flat tire]].
*Visibility for the driver, mirrors, elimination of [[blind spot (automobile)|blind spots]] and possibly other awareness aids such as [[radar]], [[wireless vehicle safety communications]] and [[night vision]].
*[[Death Brake]]; there is a move to introduce [[deadman's braking]] into automotive application, primarily heavy vehicles, there may also be a need to add [[penalty switch]]es to ''[[cruise control]]''s.
*[[Steering#Four wheel steering|Four wheel steering]] gives, at the cost of mechanical complexity, quicker, more accurate maneuvers at high speed and/or decreased turning circle at low speed. It may also help stability.
* [[Adaptive cruise control]] (ACC).
* [[AWAKE]] and [[intelligent car]] features.
* [[Precrash system]]

* Brakes
**[[Anti-lock braking system]] (ABS) (also Emergency Braking Assistance ([[Emergency brake assist|EBA]]), often coupled with [[Electronic brakeforce distribution]] (EBD), which prevents the brakes from locking and losing traction while braking. This shortens stopping distances in almost all cases.
**[[Brake assist system]] (BAS).
**[[Cornering Brake Control]] (CBC).
**[[Dynamic Brake Control]] (DBC).
**[[Inboard brake]]s allow large [[Brake fade|fade]] resistant [[disc]]s or [[drum]]s, without contributing to [[unsprung weight]] and wheel bounce, which degrade braking, handling and ride, and increase mechanical loads.

===Passive safety===
[[Image:Airbag0305neondodge.jpg|thumb|250px|Front drivers-side airbag]]
When an accident is imminent, various passive safety systems work together to minimize damage to the individuals involved. Much research has been done using [[Crash test dummy|crash test dummies]] to make modern cars safer than ever. Recently, attention has also been given to cars' design regarding the [[Pedestrian Safety Through Vehicle Design|safety of pedestrians in car-pedestrian collisions]]. Controversial proposals in [[Europe]] would require cars sold there to have a minimum/maximum hood height. This has caused automakers to complain that the requirements will restrict their design choices, resulting in ugly cars. Others have pointed out that a notable percentage of pedestrians in these accidents are drunk. From [[2006]] the use of ''"[[bull bar]]s"'' (known as ''"roo bars"'' in Australia), in fashion on [[Four wheel drive|4x4]]s and [[SUV]]s, will be illegal.
*[[Seatbelt]]s (or safety belts) keep a person from being thrown forward or ejected from the vehicle.
*[[Airbag]]s:
**Front airbags inflate in a medium speed head on collision to cushion the impact of the [[head]] to the [[steering wheel]] ([[driver]]) or [[dashboard]] to the ([[front passenger]]) .
**Side airbags inflate in a side (T-bone) collision to cushion the [[torso]].
**Curtain airbags protect the head and upper body of passengers in a [[side collision]].
**Knee airbags inflate in frontal impact collisions to protect the driver's [[knee]]s and are now available in many newer high end model vehicles.
*[[Crumple zone]] technology absorbs the energy of a collision by displacing the impact of a crash and diverting it from the internal (passenger compartment) critical structure of the vehicle.
*Side impact bars for protection against side on collisions
*Collapsible steering column, sometimes provided with steel sheet bellows.
*[[Crash compatibility]] can be improved by matching vehicles by weight and by matching crumple zones with points of structural rigidity, particularly for side-on collisions. Some pairs of vehicle front end structures interact better than others in crashes.
*Cage construction is designed to protect vehicle occupants. Some racing vehicles have a tubular [[roll cage]]
*Reinforced side door structural members
*Fuel pump shutoff devices turn off gas flow in the event of a collision for the purpose of preventing [[gasoline]] fires.
*Active [[pedestrian protection system]]s [http://www.autoliv.com/Appl_ALV/alvweb.nsf/pages/rd_pedestrianprotection].
*[http://www.seeingmachines.com/DSS-R.htm Driver State Sensor] - Research, Utilizing cutting edge video processing technology, the system remotely and unobtrusively measures 3D head pose and eyelid motion parameters of the driver.

==See also==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*[[The 100% Safe Car]]
*[[Artificial passenger]]
*[[Aurora (1957 automobile)|Aurora safety car (1957)]]
*[[Automated highway system]]
*[[Automobile]]
*[[Automobile design]]
*[[Automotive navigation system]]
*[[Car accident]]
*[[:Category:Automotive safety technologies]]
*[[Car accident|Crash]]
*[[Car handling]]
*[[Crash test dummy]]
*[[Click It or Ticket]]
*[[Defensive driving]]
*[[Driver distraction]]
*[[Driverless car]]
{{col-break}}
*[[Emergency road service]]
*European Transport Safety Council (ETSC) [http://www.etsc.be ].
*[[Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration]] ([[FMCSA]]).
*[[First-aid kit]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_driving#Crash_and_vehicle_break-down_scenes Hazard-warning triangle]
*[[Intelligent car]]
*[[Lateral Support]]
*[[Management systems for road safety]]
*[[Mobile phones and driving safety]]
*[[Motor carrier]]
*[[Motorcycle Safety]]
*[[Night vision]]
*[[Pedestrian Safety Through Vehicle Design]]
*[[Procon-ten]]
{{col-break}}
*[[Road-traffic safety]]
*[[Risk compensation]]
*[[Safetec]]
*[[Safety car]]
*[[Smart car]]
*[[Tow truck]]
*[[Traffic psychology]]
*[[Traffic safety]].
*''[[Unsafe at Any Speed]]''
*[[Vehicle inspection]]
*[[SUV_Criticism]]
{{col-break}}
{{col-end}}

==External links==
* [http://www.autoliv.com.au/photo.html Car Safety Equipment - Frontal and Side car crash video in slow motion]
*[http://www.teensafedriver.com/ Teen Safe Driver - Drive Cam]
*[http://www.seeingmachines.com/DSS-R.htm Driver State Sensor - Research]
*[http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/vehiclesafety Vehicle Safety Site]
*[http://www.euroncap.com/ European safety ratings]
*[http://detnews.com/2004/specialreport/0404/13/a09-119932.htm <nowiki>[6]</nowiki> European vs US roof strength]
*[http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/testing/ncap/ American safety ratings]
*[http://www.ntsb.gov/ National Transportation Safety Board]. (USA)
*[http://www.chp.ca.gov/html/boosterseats.html California Highway Patrol booster seat webpage]
*[http://www.autoextra.com/research_center.php Vehicle Research Center]
*[http://www.cpsafety.com/ Child Passenger Safety Resource]
*[http://pages.cthome.net/rwinkler/fff.htm The Flicker Fusion Factor] Why we can't drive safely at high speed

==References==
<references/>
*{{cite web|author=Furness, Sue, J Connor, E Robinson, R Norton, S Ameratunga, R Jackson|year=[[2003-12-20]]|url=http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/327/7429/1455|title=Car colour and risk of car crash injury: population based case control study.|work=British Medical Journal 327:1455-1456|publisher=BMJ Publishing Group|accessdate=2006-01-01}}
*''IEEE Communications Magazine'', April 2005, "Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture for Vehicle Safety Communications"
*''IEEE Communications Magazine'', April 2005, "The Application-Based Clustering Concept and Requirements for Intervehicle Networks"
*{{cite web|year=2005|url=http://www.ltsa.govt.nz/fascinating-facts/safe-vehicle-colours.html|title=Safe vehicle colours.|publisher=Land transport NZ|accessdate=2006-01-01}}
*{{cite web|author=Peden M, McGee K, Sharma G.|year=2002|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/924156220X.pdf|title=The injury chart book: a graphical overview of the global burden of injuries.|format=[[PDF]]|publisher=Geneva, World Health Organization|accessdate=2006-01-01}} ISBN 92-4-156220-X
*''Physics Today'', January 2006, "Vehicle Design and the Physics of Traffic Safety"

[[Category:Car safety|*]]
[[Category:Automotive safety technologies]]
[[Category:Road transport]]

[[es:Seguridad automovilística]]
[[it:Sicurezza automobilistica]]

Automotive safety

2007-03-30T01:53:52Z

Lord fabs: /* Toddlers */ Added {{Contradict}}

{{Redirect5|Passive safety|nuclear safety|Passive nuclear safety}}
'''Automobile safety''' is the avoidance of [[automobile accident]]s or the minimization of harmful effects of accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health. Special safety features have been built into cars for years, some for the safety of [[car]]'s occupants only, some for the safety of others.

[[Image:Safety_distance_1s_p1050014.jpg|thumb|300px|Distance covered by vehicles in one second (the typical human reaction time).]]
Road traffic injuries represent about 25% of worldwide injury-related deaths (the leading cause) with an estimated 1.2 million deaths (2004) each year - World Health Organization <ref>[http://www.who.int/world-health-day/2004/infomaterials/world_report/en/ World Health Organization: World report on road traffic injury prevention (2004)]</ref>).

Major factors in accidents include [[drunk driving|driving under the influence of alcohol]] or other [[recreational drug use|drugs]]; inattentive driving; [[crash compatibility]] between vehicles; driving while fatigued or unconscious; encounters with road hazards such as snow, potholes, and crossing animals; or reckless driving.

==History==
Car safety became an issue almost immediately after the invention of the automobile, when [[Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot]] crashed his steam-powered "Fardier" against a wall in [[1771]]. One of the earliest recorded automobile fatalities was [[Mary Ward (scientist)|Mary Ward]], on [[August 31]], [[1869]] in [[Parsonstown, Ireland]].

In the 1940s SAAB incorporated aircraft safety thinking into automobiles making the [[Saab 92]] the first production car first with a safety cage<ref>[http://www.channel4.com/4car/news/news-story.jsp?news_id=6034 4Car: Saab shows its first concept car]</ref>.

In the 1950´s, [[Mercedes-Benz]] made the first [[crash test]]s <ref>[http://autospeed.drive.com.au/cms/A_2801/article.html AutoSpeed: Early Mercedes Safety]</ref>.

In [[1958]], the [[United Nations]] established the [[World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations]], an [[international]] standards body advancing auto safety. Many of the most life saving safety innovations, like [[seat belts]] and [[roll cage]] construction were brought to market under its auspices.

In 1966, the US established the [[United States Department of Transportation]] (DOT) with automobile safety one of its purposes. The [[National Transportation Safety Board]] (NTSB) was created as an independent organization on [[April 1]], [[1967]], but was reliant on the DOT for administration and funding. However, in [[1975]] the organization was made completely independent by the [[Independent Safety Board Act]].

The NTSB and its [[Europe]]an equivalent, [[EuroNCAP]] have each issued independent safety tests for all new automobiles, without [[NHTSA|reciprocity]].

In June, [[2004]] the NTSB released new tests designed to test the rollover risk of new cars and [[SUV]]s. Only the [[Mazda RX-8]] got a 5-star rating. However, the correlation between official crash test results and road deaths in vehicles is not exact. An alternative method of assessing vehicle safety is to study the [[road accident statistics on a model-by-model basis]].

Despite technological advances, the death toll of car accidents remains high: about 40,000 people die every year in the US. While this number increases annually in line with rising population and increased travel, the rate per capita and per vehicle miles travelled decreases. In 1996 the US had about 2 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles, comparable to 1.9 in Germany, 2.6 in France, and 1.5 in the UK <ref>[http://www.factbook.net/EGRF_Regional_analyses_HMCs.htm Estimating global road fatalities - Regional Analyses - Highly Motorised Countries]</ref>. In 1998 there were 3,421 fatal accidents in the UK, the fewest since 1926 <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/442834.stm UK Road deaths fall to record low], BBC News, September 9, 1999</ref>.

A much higher number of accidents result in permanent disability.

==Color==
A Swedish study found that pink cars are indeed safer, with black cars being most likely to be involved in crashes. This test also showed [[Saab]] to be the "safest car in Sweden [In terms of passive safety]" (Land transport NZ 2005).

In Auckland New Zealand, a study found that there was a significantly lower risk of serious injury in [[silver]] cars; with higher risks in brown, black, and green cars. (Furness ''et al'', 2003)

== Passenger safety ==
===Pregnant women===
When pregnant, women should continue to use seatbelts and airbags properly. A University of Michigan study found that ''"unrestrained or improperly restrained pregnant women are 5.7 times more likely to have an adverse fetal outcome than properly restrained pregnant women"'' [http://www.dps.state.mn.us/trafsafe/beltsairbags/pregnacy.htm]. If seatbelts are not long enough, extensions are available from the car manufacturer or an aftermarket supplier.

===Children===
Car safety is especially critical for young children, as car safety is generally designed for normal sized adults. Safety features that could save an adult can actually cause more damage to a child than if the feature was not there. It is important to review with others, who may be supervising the child, the rules for car safety. All children age 12 and under should ride in the back seat. Also children weighing less than 85 lbs should be in the back seat. This is especially the case if there are airbags in the front seat, as airbags are only designed to protect adults and may injure children. That is not just an opinion but is also law in many of the U.S. states and other countries. The Center for Injury Research and Prevention at The Children's Hospital Of Philadelphia has developed a website for parents and caregivers with extensive information about transporting children safely in automobiles. If your car is purchased in a state with any warnings (example: Air bag warning or booster seat warnings) the warnings should be considered as law in that state. This website is available at [http://www.chop.edu/carseat www.chop.edu/carseat]

[[Child safety lock]]s prevent children from accidentally opening doors from inside the vehicle, even if the door is unlocked. The door, once unlocked, can then be opened only from the outside. To find out more about laws relating to children car safety contact your local department of transportation authority.

====Infants====
[[newborn baby|Newborn babies]] should be put in a [[Baby transport#Car seats|car seat]] until they weigh at least 20 or 22 pounds (10 or 11 kg). These carriers are designed to be placed in the rear seat and face towards the rear with the baby looking towards the back window. Some of these carriers are "Convertibles" which can also be used forward facing for older children. With infants, these should '''only''' be used '''facing the rear'''. Harness straps should be at or below shoulder level.

A rear-facing infant restraint must never be put in the front seat of a vehicle with a front passenger air bag. A rear-facing infant restraint places an infant's head close to the air bag module, which can cause severe head injuries or death if the air bag deploys. Modern cars include a switch to turn off the airbag system of the passenger seat, in which case a child-supporting seat must be installed.

{{Contradict}}
====Toddlers====
{{contradict|section}}
[[Toddler]]s over 1 year old and between 10 and 20 kg (20 and 40 pounds) should be placed in forward facing child seats or convertibles placed in the rear seat. Harness straps should be at or above the child's shoulders.
In Scandinavia the recommendation is to use rearward facing seats up to the age of 4 or 5 (size of seat permitting), and in Scandinavia you will find very few children under the age of 4 facing forward. It has been proven many times that it is far safer to face rearward in an accident.

====Young children====
Children who weigh less than 80 pounds (40 kg), are younger than 8, or are shorter than 4 ft 9 in (1.4 m) are advised to use belt positioning [[booster seat]]s which raise them to a level that allows seat belts to work effectively. These seats are forward facing and must be used with both lap and shoulder belts.

Make sure the lap belt fits low and tight across the lap/upper thigh area and the shoulder belt fits snug crossing the chest and shoulder to avoid abdominal injuries.

There are two main types of booster seats. If the car's back seat is lower than the child's ears, a '''high back booster seat''' should be used to help protect the child's head and neck. If the car's seat back is higher than the child's ears, a '''backless booster seat''' can be used.

====Teenage Drivers====
Most areas in the United States will issue a full driver's license at the age of 16, and all within a range between 14 and 18 [http://golocalnet.com/drivingage/]. In addition to being relatively inexperienced, teen drivers are also cognitively immature, compared to other drivers. This combination leads to an increased risk of accidents among this demographic. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52687-2005Jan31.html Brain Immaturity Could Explain Teen Crash Rate, Washington Post, February 1, 2005].

== Safety dangers ==
Main safety dangers for automobiles are the [[wind]] (maintaining the direction) and the [[rain]].

Other safety dangers include drink driving, driving when fatigued or unconscious or driving with distractions inside the car.
{{Sectstub}}

==Safety features==
===Active safety===
To make driving safer and prevent accidents from occurring, cars may have the following active safety features:
*[[Turn signal]]s and brake lights, including [[Center High Mounted Stop Lamp]]s (CHMSL)
*[[steering#Speed Adjustable Steering|Variable assist power steering]] allows assistance to the motorist while parking, but reduces steering effort assistance at motorway speeds
* Headlight wipers/washers
* Mercedes style ribbed tailights to prevent snow and grime build-up
*[[Dynamic steering response]] (DSR) corrects the rate of [[power steering]] system to adapt it to vehicle's speed and road conditions.
*[[Traction control]] (TCS) actuates brakes or reduces throttle to restore traction if driven wheels begin to spin.
*[[Hill holder]].
*[[Four wheel drive]] (AWD) with a center [[differential]]. Distributing power to all four wheels lessens the chances of wheel spin. It also suffers less from [[oversteer]] and [[understeer]] than [[front wheel drive]], but more understeer than [[rear wheel drive]].
*[[Reverse backup sensors]], which alert drivers to nearby objects in their path, are installed in some high-end vehicles, but may also be purchased separately.
*[[Electronic Stability Control]] (ESC, also known by ESP and other numerous manufacturer-specific names). Uses various sensors to intervene when the car senses a possible loss of control. The car's control unit can reduce power from the engine and even apply the brakes to prevent the car from [[understeer]]ing or [[oversteer]]ing. See [[car stability]]
*[[Lateral Support]] : [[Lane Departure Warning System]] (LDWS).
*[[headlights#Dynamic Headlight Beam Control|Directional headlights]], which allow the driver to see obstacles ahead in the roadway while cornering.
*Low center of gravity and other conventional features promoting good [[car handling]] and braking, and helping to avoid [[rollover]].
*[[Ride quality|Comfortable suspension]] and seating to avoid accidents from [[fatigue (medical)|driver fatigue]].
*Large (relative to weight) high performance [[tire]]s, suited to the weather and road conditions, contribute to braking and handling. Soft high [[histeresis]] [[rubber]], tread and cord design are important. See [[Run flat tire]].
*Visibility for the driver, mirrors, elimination of [[blind spot (automobile)|blind spots]] and possibly other awareness aids such as [[radar]], [[wireless vehicle safety communications]] and [[night vision]].
*[[Death Brake]]; there is a move to introduce [[deadman's braking]] into automotive application, primarily heavy vehicles, there may also be a need to add [[penalty switch]]es to ''[[cruise control]]''s.
*[[Steering#Four wheel steering|Four wheel steering]] gives, at the cost of mechanical complexity, quicker, more accurate maneuvers at high speed and/or decreased turning circle at low speed. It may also help stability.
* [[Adaptive cruise control]] (ACC).
* [[AWAKE]] and [[intelligent car]] features.
* [[Precrash system]]

* Brakes
**[[Anti-lock braking system]] (ABS) (also Emergency Braking Assistance ([[Emergency brake assist|EBA]]), often coupled with [[Electronic brakeforce distribution]] (EBD), which prevents the brakes from locking and losing traction while braking. This shortens stopping distances in almost all cases.
**[[Brake assist system]] (BAS).
**[[Cornering Brake Control]] (CBC).
**[[Dynamic Brake Control]] (DBC).
**[[Inboard brake]]s allow large [[Brake fade|fade]] resistant [[disc]]s or [[drum]]s, without contributing to [[unsprung weight]] and wheel bounce, which degrade braking, handling and ride, and increase mechanical loads.

===Passive safety===
[[Image:Airbag0305neondodge.jpg|thumb|250px|Front drivers-side airbag]]
When an accident is imminent, various passive safety systems work together to minimize damage to the individuals involved. Much research has been done using [[Crash test dummy|crash test dummies]] to make modern cars safer than ever. Recently, attention has also been given to cars' design regarding the [[Pedestrian Safety Through Vehicle Design|safety of pedestrians in car-pedestrian collisions]]. Controversial proposals in [[Europe]] would require cars sold there to have a minimum/maximum hood height. This has caused automakers to complain that the requirements will restrict their design choices, resulting in ugly cars. Others have pointed out that a notable percentage of pedestrians in these accidents are drunk. From [[2006]] the use of ''"[[bull bar]]s"'' (known as ''"roo bars"'' in Australia), in fashion on [[Four wheel drive|4x4]]s and [[SUV]]s, will be illegal.
*[[Seatbelt]]s (or safety belts) keep a person from being thrown forward or ejected from the vehicle.
*[[Airbag]]s:
**Front airbags inflate in a medium speed head on collision to cushion the impact of the [[head]] to the [[steering wheel]] ([[driver]]) or [[dashboard]] to the ([[front passenger]]) .
**Side airbags inflate in a side (T-bone) collision to cushion the [[torso]].
**Curtain airbags protect the head and upper body of passengers in a [[side collision]].
**Knee airbags inflate in frontal impact collisions to protect the driver's [[knee]]s and are now available in many newer high end model vehicles.
*[[Crumple zone]] technology absorbs the energy of a collision by displacing the impact of a crash and diverting it from the internal (passenger compartment) critical structure of the vehicle.
*Side impact bars for protection against side on collisions
*Collapsible steering column, sometimes provided with steel sheet bellows.
*[[Crash compatibility]] can be improved by matching vehicles by weight and by matching crumple zones with points of structural rigidity, particularly for side-on collisions. Some pairs of vehicle front end structures interact better than others in crashes.
*Cage construction is designed to protect vehicle occupants. Some racing vehicles have a tubular [[roll cage]]
*Reinforced side door structural members
*Fuel pump shutoff devices turn off gas flow in the event of a collision for the purpose of preventing [[gasoline]] fires.
*Active [[pedestrian protection system]]s [http://www.autoliv.com/Appl_ALV/alvweb.nsf/pages/rd_pedestrianprotection].
*[http://www.seeingmachines.com/DSS-R.htm Driver State Sensor] - Research, Utilizing cutting edge video processing technology, the system remotely and unobtrusively measures 3D head pose and eyelid motion parameters of the driver.

==See also==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*[[The 100% Safe Car]]
*[[Artificial passenger]]
*[[Aurora (1957 automobile)|Aurora safety car (1957)]]
*[[Automated highway system]]
*[[Automobile]]
*[[Automobile design]]
*[[Automotive navigation system]]
*[[Car accident]]
*[[:Category:Automotive safety technologies]]
*[[Car accident|Crash]]
*[[Car handling]]
*[[Crash test dummy]]
*[[Click It or Ticket]]
*[[Defensive driving]]
*[[Driver distraction]]
*[[Driverless car]]
{{col-break}}
*[[Emergency road service]]
*European Transport Safety Council (ETSC) [http://www.etsc.be ].
*[[Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration]] ([[FMCSA]]).
*[[First-aid kit]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_driving#Crash_and_vehicle_break-down_scenes Hazard-warning triangle]
*[[Intelligent car]]
*[[Lateral Support]]
*[[Management systems for road safety]]
*[[Mobile phones and driving safety]]
*[[Motor carrier]]
*[[Motorcycle Safety]]
*[[Night vision]]
*[[Pedestrian Safety Through Vehicle Design]]
*[[Procon-ten]]
{{col-break}}
*[[Road-traffic safety]]
*[[Risk compensation]]
*[[Safetec]]
*[[Safety car]]
*[[Smart car]]
*[[Tow truck]]
*[[Traffic psychology]]
*[[Traffic safety]].
*''[[Unsafe at Any Speed]]''
*[[Vehicle inspection]]
*[[SUV_Criticism]]
{{col-break}}
{{col-end}}

==External links==
* [http://www.autoliv.com.au/photo.html Car Safety Equipment - Frontal and Side car crash video in slow motion]
*[http://www.teensafedriver.com/ Teen Safe Driver - Drive Cam]
*[http://www.seeingmachines.com/DSS-R.htm Driver State Sensor - Research]
*[http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/vehiclesafety Vehicle Safety Site]
*[http://www.euroncap.com/ European safety ratings]
*[http://detnews.com/2004/specialreport/0404/13/a09-119932.htm <nowiki>[6]</nowiki> European vs US roof strength]
*[http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/testing/ncap/ American safety ratings]
*[http://www.ntsb.gov/ National Transportation Safety Board]. (USA)
*[http://www.chp.ca.gov/html/boosterseats.html California Highway Patrol booster seat webpage]
*[http://www.autoextra.com/research_center.php Vehicle Research Center]
*[http://www.cpsafety.com/ Child Passenger Safety Resource]
*[http://pages.cthome.net/rwinkler/fff.htm The Flicker Fusion Factor] Why we can't drive safely at high speed

==References==
<references/>
*{{cite web|author=Furness, Sue, J Connor, E Robinson, R Norton, S Ameratunga, R Jackson|year=[[2003-12-20]]|url=http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/327/7429/1455|title=Car colour and risk of car crash injury: population based case control study.|work=British Medical Journal 327:1455-1456|publisher=BMJ Publishing Group|accessdate=2006-01-01}}
*''IEEE Communications Magazine'', April 2005, "Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture for Vehicle Safety Communications"
*''IEEE Communications Magazine'', April 2005, "The Application-Based Clustering Concept and Requirements for Intervehicle Networks"
*{{cite web|year=2005|url=http://www.ltsa.govt.nz/fascinating-facts/safe-vehicle-colours.html|title=Safe vehicle colours.|publisher=Land transport NZ|accessdate=2006-01-01}}
*{{cite web|author=Peden M, McGee K, Sharma G.|year=2002|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/924156220X.pdf|title=The injury chart book: a graphical overview of the global burden of injuries.|format=[[PDF]]|publisher=Geneva, World Health Organization|accessdate=2006-01-01}} ISBN 92-4-156220-X
*''Physics Today'', January 2006, "Vehicle Design and the Physics of Traffic Safety"

[[Category:Car safety|*]]
[[Category:Automotive safety technologies]]
[[Category:Road transport]]

[[es:Seguridad automovilística]]
[[it:Sicurezza automobilistica]]

Equations of motion

2007-03-19T10:31:21Z

Lord fabs: Added {{physics}} tag

{{physics}} In [[physics]], '''equations of motion''' are [[equations]] that describe the behavior of a system (e.g., the motion of a particle under an influence of a [[force]]) as a function of time. Sometimes the term refers to the [[differential equations]] that the system satisfies (e.g., [[Newton's second law]] or [[Euler-Lagrange equations]]), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.

The equations that apply to bodies moving linearly (that is, one dimension) with uniform [[acceleration]] are presented below. They are often referred to as [[SUVAT equations]], as the 5 variables they involve are represented by those letters (S = displacement, U = initial velocity, V = final velocity, A = acceleration, T = time)

==Linear equations of motion==
The body is considered at two instants in time: one "initial" point and one "current". Often, problems in kinematics deal with more than two instants, and several applications of the equations are required.
{| width="100%"
|- valign=top
|width="50%"|
: <math>v_f = v_i + a\Delta t \,</math>
: <math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_i + v_f)\Delta t</math>
: <math>s = v_i\Delta t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>
: <math>v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2as \,</math>
: <math>s = v_f\Delta t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>

|width="50%"|
where...
: <math>v_i \,</math> is the body's initial speed
and its current state is described by:
: <math>s \,</math>, the distance travelled from initial state ([[Displacement (vector)|displacement]])
: <math>v_f \,</math>, the current speed
: <math>\Delta t \,</math>, the time between the initial and current states
:<math>a \,</math>, the constant acceleration, or in the case of bodies moving under the influence of [[gravity]], ''[[standard gravity|''g'']]''.
|}

Note that each of the equations contains four of the five variables.
When using the above formulae, it is sufficient to know three out of the five variables to calculate the remaining two.

==Classic version==
The above equations are often found in the following version:

:<math>v = u+at \,</math>...(1)

:<math>s = \frac {1} {2}(u+v) t </math>...(2)

:<math>s = ut + \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(3)

:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2 a s \,</math>...(4)

:<math>s = vt - \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(5)

By sub.(1)to (2), we can get (3) and (5)

where

:''s'' = the distance travelled from the initial state to the final state (displacement)

:''u'' = the initial speed

:''v'' = the final speed

:''a'' = the constant acceleration

:''t'' = the time taken to move from the initial state to the final state

===Examples===
Many examples in kinematics involve [[projectile]]s, for example a ball thrown upwards into the air.

Given initial speed ''u'', one can calculate how high the ball will travel before it begins to fall.

The acceleration is normal gravity ''g''. At this point one must remember that while these quantities appear to be [[scalar (physics)|scalars]], the direction of displacement, speed and acceleration is important. They could in fact be considered as uni-directional vectors. Choosing ''s'' to measure up from the ground, the acceleration ''a'' must be in fact ''−g'', since the force of [[gravity]] acts downwards and therefore also the acceleration on the ball due to it.

At the highest point, the ball will be at rest: therefore ''v'' = 0. Using the 4th equation, we have:

:<math>s= \frac{v^2 - u^2}{-2g}</math>

Substituting and cancelling minus signs gives:

:<math>s = \frac{u^2}{2g}</math>

===Extension===
More complex versions of these equations can include a quantity <math>\Delta</math>''s'' for the variation on displacement (''s'' - ''s''0), ''s''0 for the initial position of the body, and ''v''0 for ''u'' for consistency.

:<math>v = v_0 + at \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_0 + v)t \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>
:<math>(v)^2 = (v_0)^2 + 2a \Delta s \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>

However a suitable choice of origin for the one-dimensional axis on which the body moves makes these more complex versions unnecessary.

== Rotational equations of motion ==
The analogues of the above equations can be written for [[rotation]]:

:<math> \omega = \omega_0 + \alpha t \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0
+ \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}(\omega_0 + \omega)t </math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>
:<math> (\omega)^2 = (\omega_0)^2 + 2\alpha \Delta \phi \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>

where:
:<math>\alpha</math> is the [[angular acceleration]]
:<math>\omega</math> is the [[angular velocity]]
:<math>\phi</math> is the [[angular displacement]]
:<math>\omega_0</math> is the initial angular velocity
:<math>\phi_0</math> is the initial angular displacement
:<math>\Delta \phi</math> is the variation on angular displacement (<math>\phi</math> - <math>\phi_0</math>).

==Derivation==
===Motion equation 1===
By definition of acceleration,
:<math>a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}\quad\Rightarrow\quad\ a = \frac{v - u}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math>at = v - u \,</math>
:<math>v = u + at \,</math>

===Motion equation 2===
By definition,
:<math> \mathrm{ average\ velocity } = \frac{s}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math> \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) = \frac{s}{t}</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v)t</math>

===Motion equation 3===
Insert ''Motion Equation 1'' into ''Motion Equation 2''
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (2u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = ut + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

===Motion equation 4===
:<math>t = \frac{v - u}{a}</math>
Using ''Motion Equation 2'', replace ''t'' with above
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) ( \frac{v - u}{a} )</math>
:<math>2as = (u + v)(v - u) \,</math>
:<math>2as = v^2 - u^2 \,</math>
:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2as \,</math>

===Motion equation 5===
Using ''Motion Equation 1'' to replace ''u'' in ''motion equation 3'' gives
:<math>s = vt - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

==See also==
*[[Scalar (physics)]]
*[[Vector (spatial)|Vector]]
*[[Distance]]
*[[Displacement (vector)|Displacement]]
*[[Speed]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Acceleration]]
*[[SUVAT equations]]
*[[Jerk]]
*[[Angular displacement]]
*[[Angular speed]]
*[[Angular velocity]]
*[[Angular acceleration]]
*[[Trajectory#Example: Constant gravity, no drag or wind|Parabolic trajectory]]
*[[Newton's laws of motion]]
*[[Torricelli's Equation]]

==References==
*'''Fundamentals of Physics''' Robert Resnick, David Halliday, Jearl Walker

[[Category:Classical mechanics]]
[[Category:Equations]]

[[cs:Pohybová rovnice]]
[[de:Bewegungsgleichung]]
[[es:ecuación de movimiento]]
[[fr:Équations du mouvement]]
[[nl:Eenparig versnelde beweging]]
[[nn:Rørslelikningane]]
[[pl:Kinematyczne równanie ruchu]]
[[pt:Equações de movimento]]
[[zh:运动方程]]
[[it:Equazione del moto]]

Equations of motion

2007-03-19T07:11:07Z

Lord fabs: /* Linear equations of motion */ X_X i am a wikinoob, i should use preview more >.>

In [[physics]], '''equations of motion''' are [[equations]] that describe the behavior of a system (e.g., the motion of a particle under an influence of a [[force]]) as a function of time. Sometimes the term refers to the [[differential equations]] that the system satisfies (e.g., [[Newton's second law]] or [[Euler-Lagrange equations]]), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.

The equations that apply to bodies moving linearly (that is, one dimension) with uniform [[acceleration]] are presented below. They are often referred to as [[SUVAT equations]], as the 5 variables they involve are represented by those letters (S = displacement, U = initial velocity, V = final velocity, A = acceleration, T = time)

==Linear equations of motion==
The body is considered at two instants in time: one "initial" point and one "current". Often, problems in kinematics deal with more than two instants, and several applications of the equations are required.
{| width="100%"
|- valign=top
|width="50%"|
: <math>v_f = v_i + a\Delta t \,</math>
: <math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_i + v_f)\Delta t</math>
: <math>s = v_i\Delta t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>
: <math>v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2as \,</math>
: <math>s = v_f\Delta t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>

|width="50%"|
where...
: <math>v_i \,</math> is the body's initial speed
and its current state is described by:
: <math>s \,</math>, the distance travelled from initial state ([[Displacement (vector)|displacement]])
: <math>v_f \,</math>, the current speed
: <math>\Delta t \,</math>, the time between the initial and current states
:<math>a \,</math>, the constant acceleration, or in the case of bodies moving under the influence of [[gravity]], ''[[standard gravity|''g'']]''.
|}

Note that each of the equations contains four of the five variables.
When using the above formulae, it is sufficient to know three out of the five variables to calculate the remaining two.

==Classic version==
The above equations are often found in the following version:

:<math>v = u+at \,</math>...(1)

:<math>s = \frac {1} {2}(u+v) t </math>...(2)

:<math>s = ut + \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(3)

:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2 a s \,</math>...(4)

:<math>s = vt - \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(5)

By sub.(1)to (2), we can get (3) and (5)

where

:''s'' = the distance travelled from the initial state to the final state (displacement)

:''u'' = the initial speed

:''v'' = the final speed

:''a'' = the constant acceleration

:''t'' = the time taken to move from the initial state to the final state

===Examples===
Many examples in kinematics involve [[projectile]]s, for example a ball thrown upwards into the air.

Given initial speed ''u'', one can calculate how high the ball will travel before it begins to fall.

The acceleration is normal gravity ''g''. At this point one must remember that while these quantities appear to be [[scalar (physics)|scalars]], the direction of displacement, speed and acceleration is important. They could in fact be considered as uni-directional vectors. Choosing ''s'' to measure up from the ground, the acceleration ''a'' must be in fact ''−g'', since the force of [[gravity]] acts downwards and therefore also the acceleration on the ball due to it.

At the highest point, the ball will be at rest: therefore ''v'' = 0. Using the 4th equation, we have:

:<math>s= \frac{v^2 - u^2}{-2g}</math>

Substituting and cancelling minus signs gives:

:<math>s = \frac{u^2}{2g}</math>

===Extension===
More complex versions of these equations can include a quantity <math>\Delta</math>''s'' for the variation on displacement (''s'' - ''s''0), ''s''0 for the initial position of the body, and ''v''0 for ''u'' for consistency.

:<math>v = v_0 + at \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_0 + v)t \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>
:<math>(v)^2 = (v_0)^2 + 2a \Delta s \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>

However a suitable choice of origin for the one-dimensional axis on which the body moves makes these more complex versions unnecessary.

== Rotational equations of motion ==
The analogues of the above equations can be written for [[rotation]]:

:<math> \omega = \omega_0 + \alpha t \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0
+ \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}(\omega_0 + \omega)t </math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>
:<math> (\omega)^2 = (\omega_0)^2 + 2\alpha \Delta \phi \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>

where:
:<math>\alpha</math> is the [[angular acceleration]]
:<math>\omega</math> is the [[angular velocity]]
:<math>\phi</math> is the [[angular displacement]]
:<math>\omega_0</math> is the initial angular velocity
:<math>\phi_0</math> is the initial angular displacement
:<math>\Delta \phi</math> is the variation on angular displacement (<math>\phi</math> - <math>\phi_0</math>).

==Derivation==
===Motion equation 1===
By definition of acceleration,
:<math>a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}\quad\Rightarrow\quad\ a = \frac{v - u}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math>at = v - u \,</math>
:<math>v = u + at \,</math>

===Motion equation 2===
By definition,
:<math> \mathrm{ average\ velocity } = \frac{s}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math> \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) = \frac{s}{t}</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v)t</math>

===Motion equation 3===
Insert ''Motion Equation 1'' into ''Motion Equation 2''
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (2u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = ut + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

===Motion equation 4===
:<math>t = \frac{v - u}{a}</math>
Using ''Motion Equation 2'', replace ''t'' with above
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) ( \frac{v - u}{a} )</math>
:<math>2as = (u + v)(v - u) \,</math>
:<math>2as = v^2 - u^2 \,</math>
:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2as \,</math>

===Motion equation 5===
Using ''Motion Equation 1'' to replace ''u'' in ''motion equation 3'' gives
:<math>s = vt - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

==See also==
*[[Scalar (physics)]]
*[[Vector (spatial)|Vector]]
*[[Distance]]
*[[Displacement (vector)|Displacement]]
*[[Speed]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Acceleration]]
*[[SUVAT equations]]
*[[Jerk]]
*[[Angular displacement]]
*[[Angular speed]]
*[[Angular velocity]]
*[[Angular acceleration]]
*[[Trajectory#Example: Constant gravity, no drag or wind|Parabolic trajectory]]
*[[Newton's laws of motion]]
*[[Torricelli's Equation]]

==References==
*'''Fundamentals of Physics''' Robert Resnick, David Halliday, Jearl Walker

[[Category:Classical mechanics]]
[[Category:Equations]]

[[cs:Pohybová rovnice]]
[[de:Bewegungsgleichung]]
[[es:ecuación de movimiento]]
[[fr:Équations du mouvement]]
[[nl:Eenparig versnelde beweging]]
[[nn:Rørslelikningane]]
[[pl:Kinematyczne równanie ruchu]]
[[pt:Equações de movimento]]
[[zh:运动方程]]
[[it:Equazione del moto]]

Equations of motion

2007-03-19T07:10:33Z

Lord fabs: /* Linear equations of motion */ Consistency fixes

In [[physics]], '''equations of motion''' are [[equations]] that describe the behavior of a system (e.g., the motion of a particle under an influence of a [[force]]) as a function of time. Sometimes the term refers to the [[differential equations]] that the system satisfies (e.g., [[Newton's second law]] or [[Euler-Lagrange equations]]), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.

The equations that apply to bodies moving linearly (that is, one dimension) with uniform [[acceleration]] are presented below. They are often referred to as [[SUVAT equations]], as the 5 variables they involve are represented by those letters (S = displacement, U = initial velocity, V = final velocity, A = acceleration, T = time)

==Linear equations of motion==
The body is considered at two instants in time: one "initial" point and one "current". Often, problems in kinematics deal with more than two instants, and several applications of the equations are required.
{| width="100%"
|- valign=top
|width="50%"|
: <math>v_f = v_i + a\Delta t \,</math>
: <math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_i + v_f)\Delta t</math>
: <math>s = v_i\Delta t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>
: <math>v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2as \,</math>
: <math>s = v_f\Delta t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>

|width="50%"|
where...
: <math>v_i \,</math> is the body's initial speed
and its current state is described by:
: <math>s \,</math>, the distance travelled from initial state ([[Displacement (vector)|displacement]])
: <math>v_f \,</math>, the current speed
: <math>\Delta t \,</math>, the time between the initial and current states
:<math>a \,</math> the constant acceleration, or in the case of bodies moving under the influence of [[gravity]], ''[[standard gravity|''g'']]''.
|}

Note that each of the equations contains four of the five variables.
When using the above formulae, it is sufficient to know three out of the five variables to calculate the remaining two.

==Classic version==
The above equations are often found in the following version:

:<math>v = u+at \,</math>...(1)

:<math>s = \frac {1} {2}(u+v) t </math>...(2)

:<math>s = ut + \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(3)

:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2 a s \,</math>...(4)

:<math>s = vt - \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(5)

By sub.(1)to (2), we can get (3) and (5)

where

:''s'' = the distance travelled from the initial state to the final state (displacement)

:''u'' = the initial speed

:''v'' = the final speed

:''a'' = the constant acceleration

:''t'' = the time taken to move from the initial state to the final state

===Examples===
Many examples in kinematics involve [[projectile]]s, for example a ball thrown upwards into the air.

Given initial speed ''u'', one can calculate how high the ball will travel before it begins to fall.

The acceleration is normal gravity ''g''. At this point one must remember that while these quantities appear to be [[scalar (physics)|scalars]], the direction of displacement, speed and acceleration is important. They could in fact be considered as uni-directional vectors. Choosing ''s'' to measure up from the ground, the acceleration ''a'' must be in fact ''−g'', since the force of [[gravity]] acts downwards and therefore also the acceleration on the ball due to it.

At the highest point, the ball will be at rest: therefore ''v'' = 0. Using the 4th equation, we have:

:<math>s= \frac{v^2 - u^2}{-2g}</math>

Substituting and cancelling minus signs gives:

:<math>s = \frac{u^2}{2g}</math>

===Extension===
More complex versions of these equations can include a quantity <math>\Delta</math>''s'' for the variation on displacement (''s'' - ''s''0), ''s''0 for the initial position of the body, and ''v''0 for ''u'' for consistency.

:<math>v = v_0 + at \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_0 + v)t \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>
:<math>(v)^2 = (v_0)^2 + 2a \Delta s \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>

However a suitable choice of origin for the one-dimensional axis on which the body moves makes these more complex versions unnecessary.

== Rotational equations of motion ==
The analogues of the above equations can be written for [[rotation]]:

:<math> \omega = \omega_0 + \alpha t \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0
+ \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}(\omega_0 + \omega)t </math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>
:<math> (\omega)^2 = (\omega_0)^2 + 2\alpha \Delta \phi \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>

where:
:<math>\alpha</math> is the [[angular acceleration]]
:<math>\omega</math> is the [[angular velocity]]
:<math>\phi</math> is the [[angular displacement]]
:<math>\omega_0</math> is the initial angular velocity
:<math>\phi_0</math> is the initial angular displacement
:<math>\Delta \phi</math> is the variation on angular displacement (<math>\phi</math> - <math>\phi_0</math>).

==Derivation==
===Motion equation 1===
By definition of acceleration,
:<math>a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}\quad\Rightarrow\quad\ a = \frac{v - u}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math>at = v - u \,</math>
:<math>v = u + at \,</math>

===Motion equation 2===
By definition,
:<math> \mathrm{ average\ velocity } = \frac{s}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math> \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) = \frac{s}{t}</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v)t</math>

===Motion equation 3===
Insert ''Motion Equation 1'' into ''Motion Equation 2''
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (2u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = ut + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

===Motion equation 4===
:<math>t = \frac{v - u}{a}</math>
Using ''Motion Equation 2'', replace ''t'' with above
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) ( \frac{v - u}{a} )</math>
:<math>2as = (u + v)(v - u) \,</math>
:<math>2as = v^2 - u^2 \,</math>
:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2as \,</math>

===Motion equation 5===
Using ''Motion Equation 1'' to replace ''u'' in ''motion equation 3'' gives
:<math>s = vt - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

==See also==
*[[Scalar (physics)]]
*[[Vector (spatial)|Vector]]
*[[Distance]]
*[[Displacement (vector)|Displacement]]
*[[Speed]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Acceleration]]
*[[SUVAT equations]]
*[[Jerk]]
*[[Angular displacement]]
*[[Angular speed]]
*[[Angular velocity]]
*[[Angular acceleration]]
*[[Trajectory#Example: Constant gravity, no drag or wind|Parabolic trajectory]]
*[[Newton's laws of motion]]
*[[Torricelli's Equation]]

==References==
*'''Fundamentals of Physics''' Robert Resnick, David Halliday, Jearl Walker

[[Category:Classical mechanics]]
[[Category:Equations]]

[[cs:Pohybová rovnice]]
[[de:Bewegungsgleichung]]
[[es:ecuación de movimiento]]
[[fr:Équations du mouvement]]
[[nl:Eenparig versnelde beweging]]
[[nn:Rørslelikningane]]
[[pl:Kinematyczne równanie ruchu]]
[[pt:Equações de movimento]]
[[zh:运动方程]]
[[it:Equazione del moto]]

Equations of motion

2007-03-19T07:09:22Z

Lord fabs: /* Linear equations of motion */ Made the a look right ;D

In [[physics]], '''equations of motion''' are [[equations]] that describe the behavior of a system (e.g., the motion of a particle under an influence of a [[force]]) as a function of time. Sometimes the term refers to the [[differential equations]] that the system satisfies (e.g., [[Newton's second law]] or [[Euler-Lagrange equations]]), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.

The equations that apply to bodies moving linearly (that is, one dimension) with uniform [[acceleration]] are presented below. They are often referred to as [[SUVAT equations]], as the 5 variables they involve are represented by those letters (S = displacement, U = initial velocity, V = final velocity, A = acceleration, T = time)

==Linear equations of motion==
The body is considered at two instants in time: one "initial" point and one "current". Often, problems in kinematics deal with more than two instants, and several applications of the equations are required.
{| width="100%"
|- valign=top
|width="50%"|
: <math>v_f = v_i + a\Delta t \,</math>
: <math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_i + v_f)\Delta t</math>
: <math>s = v_i\Delta t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>
: <math>v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2as \,</math>
: <math>s = v_f\Delta t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>

|width="50%"|
where...
: <math>v_i \,</math> is the body's initial speed
and its current state is described by:
: <math>s \,</math>, the distance travelled from initial state ([[Displacement (vector)|displacement]])
: <math>v_f \,</math>, the current speed
: <math>\Delta t \,</math>, the time between the initial and current states
:<math>a \,</math> is the constant acceleration, or in the case of bodies moving under the influence of [[gravity]], ''[[standard gravity|''g'']]''.
|}

Note that each of the equations contains four of the five variables.
When using the above formulae, it is sufficient to know three out of the five variables to calculate the remaining two.

==Classic version==
The above equations are often found in the following version:

:<math>v = u+at \,</math>...(1)

:<math>s = \frac {1} {2}(u+v) t </math>...(2)

:<math>s = ut + \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(3)

:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2 a s \,</math>...(4)

:<math>s = vt - \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(5)

By sub.(1)to (2), we can get (3) and (5)

where

:''s'' = the distance travelled from the initial state to the final state (displacement)

:''u'' = the initial speed

:''v'' = the final speed

:''a'' = the constant acceleration

:''t'' = the time taken to move from the initial state to the final state

===Examples===
Many examples in kinematics involve [[projectile]]s, for example a ball thrown upwards into the air.

Given initial speed ''u'', one can calculate how high the ball will travel before it begins to fall.

The acceleration is normal gravity ''g''. At this point one must remember that while these quantities appear to be [[scalar (physics)|scalars]], the direction of displacement, speed and acceleration is important. They could in fact be considered as uni-directional vectors. Choosing ''s'' to measure up from the ground, the acceleration ''a'' must be in fact ''−g'', since the force of [[gravity]] acts downwards and therefore also the acceleration on the ball due to it.

At the highest point, the ball will be at rest: therefore ''v'' = 0. Using the 4th equation, we have:

:<math>s= \frac{v^2 - u^2}{-2g}</math>

Substituting and cancelling minus signs gives:

:<math>s = \frac{u^2}{2g}</math>

===Extension===
More complex versions of these equations can include a quantity <math>\Delta</math>''s'' for the variation on displacement (''s'' - ''s''0), ''s''0 for the initial position of the body, and ''v''0 for ''u'' for consistency.

:<math>v = v_0 + at \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_0 + v)t \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>
:<math>(v)^2 = (v_0)^2 + 2a \Delta s \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>

However a suitable choice of origin for the one-dimensional axis on which the body moves makes these more complex versions unnecessary.

== Rotational equations of motion ==
The analogues of the above equations can be written for [[rotation]]:

:<math> \omega = \omega_0 + \alpha t \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0
+ \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}(\omega_0 + \omega)t </math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>
:<math> (\omega)^2 = (\omega_0)^2 + 2\alpha \Delta \phi \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>

where:
:<math>\alpha</math> is the [[angular acceleration]]
:<math>\omega</math> is the [[angular velocity]]
:<math>\phi</math> is the [[angular displacement]]
:<math>\omega_0</math> is the initial angular velocity
:<math>\phi_0</math> is the initial angular displacement
:<math>\Delta \phi</math> is the variation on angular displacement (<math>\phi</math> - <math>\phi_0</math>).

==Derivation==
===Motion equation 1===
By definition of acceleration,
:<math>a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}\quad\Rightarrow\quad\ a = \frac{v - u}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math>at = v - u \,</math>
:<math>v = u + at \,</math>

===Motion equation 2===
By definition,
:<math> \mathrm{ average\ velocity } = \frac{s}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math> \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) = \frac{s}{t}</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v)t</math>

===Motion equation 3===
Insert ''Motion Equation 1'' into ''Motion Equation 2''
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (2u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = ut + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

===Motion equation 4===
:<math>t = \frac{v - u}{a}</math>
Using ''Motion Equation 2'', replace ''t'' with above
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) ( \frac{v - u}{a} )</math>
:<math>2as = (u + v)(v - u) \,</math>
:<math>2as = v^2 - u^2 \,</math>
:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2as \,</math>

===Motion equation 5===
Using ''Motion Equation 1'' to replace ''u'' in ''motion equation 3'' gives
:<math>s = vt - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

==See also==
*[[Scalar (physics)]]
*[[Vector (spatial)|Vector]]
*[[Distance]]
*[[Displacement (vector)|Displacement]]
*[[Speed]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Acceleration]]
*[[SUVAT equations]]
*[[Jerk]]
*[[Angular displacement]]
*[[Angular speed]]
*[[Angular velocity]]
*[[Angular acceleration]]
*[[Trajectory#Example: Constant gravity, no drag or wind|Parabolic trajectory]]
*[[Newton's laws of motion]]
*[[Torricelli's Equation]]

==References==
*'''Fundamentals of Physics''' Robert Resnick, David Halliday, Jearl Walker

[[Category:Classical mechanics]]
[[Category:Equations]]

[[cs:Pohybová rovnice]]
[[de:Bewegungsgleichung]]
[[es:ecuación de movimiento]]
[[fr:Équations du mouvement]]
[[nl:Eenparig versnelde beweging]]
[[nn:Rørslelikningane]]
[[pl:Kinematyczne równanie ruchu]]
[[pt:Equações de movimento]]
[[zh:运动方程]]
[[it:Equazione del moto]]

Equations of motion

2007-03-19T07:08:23Z

Lord fabs: Fixed my just added link to displacement.

In [[physics]], '''equations of motion''' are [[equations]] that describe the behavior of a system (e.g., the motion of a particle under an influence of a [[force]]) as a function of time. Sometimes the term refers to the [[differential equations]] that the system satisfies (e.g., [[Newton's second law]] or [[Euler-Lagrange equations]]), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.

The equations that apply to bodies moving linearly (that is, one dimension) with uniform [[acceleration]] are presented below. They are often referred to as [[SUVAT equations]], as the 5 variables they involve are represented by those letters (S = displacement, U = initial velocity, V = final velocity, A = acceleration, T = time)

==Linear equations of motion==
The body is considered at two instants in time: one "initial" point and one "current". Often, problems in kinematics deal with more than two instants, and several applications of the equations are required.
{| width="100%"
|- valign=top
|width="50%"|
: <math>v_f = v_i + a\Delta t \,</math>
: <math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_i + v_f)\Delta t</math>
: <math>s = v_i\Delta t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>
: <math>v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2as \,</math>
: <math>s = v_f\Delta t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>

|width="50%"|
where...
: <math>v_i \,</math> is the body's initial speed
and its current state is described by:
: <math>s \,</math>, the distance travelled from initial state ([[Displacement (vector)|displacement]])
: <math>v_f \,</math>, the current speed
: <math>\Delta t \,</math>, the time between the initial and current states
:<math>a</math> is the constant acceleration, or in the case of bodies moving under the influence of [[gravity]], ''[[standard gravity|''g'']]''.
|}

Note that each of the equations contains four of the five variables.
When using the above formulae, it is sufficient to know three out of the five variables to calculate the remaining two.

==Classic version==
The above equations are often found in the following version:

:<math>v = u+at \,</math>...(1)

:<math>s = \frac {1} {2}(u+v) t </math>...(2)

:<math>s = ut + \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(3)

:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2 a s \,</math>...(4)

:<math>s = vt - \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(5)

By sub.(1)to (2), we can get (3) and (5)

where

:''s'' = the distance travelled from the initial state to the final state (displacement)

:''u'' = the initial speed

:''v'' = the final speed

:''a'' = the constant acceleration

:''t'' = the time taken to move from the initial state to the final state

===Examples===
Many examples in kinematics involve [[projectile]]s, for example a ball thrown upwards into the air.

Given initial speed ''u'', one can calculate how high the ball will travel before it begins to fall.

The acceleration is normal gravity ''g''. At this point one must remember that while these quantities appear to be [[scalar (physics)|scalars]], the direction of displacement, speed and acceleration is important. They could in fact be considered as uni-directional vectors. Choosing ''s'' to measure up from the ground, the acceleration ''a'' must be in fact ''−g'', since the force of [[gravity]] acts downwards and therefore also the acceleration on the ball due to it.

At the highest point, the ball will be at rest: therefore ''v'' = 0. Using the 4th equation, we have:

:<math>s= \frac{v^2 - u^2}{-2g}</math>

Substituting and cancelling minus signs gives:

:<math>s = \frac{u^2}{2g}</math>

===Extension===
More complex versions of these equations can include a quantity <math>\Delta</math>''s'' for the variation on displacement (''s'' - ''s''0), ''s''0 for the initial position of the body, and ''v''0 for ''u'' for consistency.

:<math>v = v_0 + at \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_0 + v)t \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>
:<math>(v)^2 = (v_0)^2 + 2a \Delta s \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>

However a suitable choice of origin for the one-dimensional axis on which the body moves makes these more complex versions unnecessary.

== Rotational equations of motion ==
The analogues of the above equations can be written for [[rotation]]:

:<math> \omega = \omega_0 + \alpha t \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0
+ \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}(\omega_0 + \omega)t </math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>
:<math> (\omega)^2 = (\omega_0)^2 + 2\alpha \Delta \phi \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>

where:
:<math>\alpha</math> is the [[angular acceleration]]
:<math>\omega</math> is the [[angular velocity]]
:<math>\phi</math> is the [[angular displacement]]
:<math>\omega_0</math> is the initial angular velocity
:<math>\phi_0</math> is the initial angular displacement
:<math>\Delta \phi</math> is the variation on angular displacement (<math>\phi</math> - <math>\phi_0</math>).

==Derivation==
===Motion equation 1===
By definition of acceleration,
:<math>a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}\quad\Rightarrow\quad\ a = \frac{v - u}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math>at = v - u \,</math>
:<math>v = u + at \,</math>

===Motion equation 2===
By definition,
:<math> \mathrm{ average\ velocity } = \frac{s}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math> \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) = \frac{s}{t}</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v)t</math>

===Motion equation 3===
Insert ''Motion Equation 1'' into ''Motion Equation 2''
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (2u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = ut + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

===Motion equation 4===
:<math>t = \frac{v - u}{a}</math>
Using ''Motion Equation 2'', replace ''t'' with above
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) ( \frac{v - u}{a} )</math>
:<math>2as = (u + v)(v - u) \,</math>
:<math>2as = v^2 - u^2 \,</math>
:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2as \,</math>

===Motion equation 5===
Using ''Motion Equation 1'' to replace ''u'' in ''motion equation 3'' gives
:<math>s = vt - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

==See also==
*[[Scalar (physics)]]
*[[Vector (spatial)|Vector]]
*[[Distance]]
*[[Displacement (vector)|Displacement]]
*[[Speed]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Acceleration]]
*[[SUVAT equations]]
*[[Jerk]]
*[[Angular displacement]]
*[[Angular speed]]
*[[Angular velocity]]
*[[Angular acceleration]]
*[[Trajectory#Example: Constant gravity, no drag or wind|Parabolic trajectory]]
*[[Newton's laws of motion]]
*[[Torricelli's Equation]]

==References==
*'''Fundamentals of Physics''' Robert Resnick, David Halliday, Jearl Walker

[[Category:Classical mechanics]]
[[Category:Equations]]

[[cs:Pohybová rovnice]]
[[de:Bewegungsgleichung]]
[[es:ecuación de movimiento]]
[[fr:Équations du mouvement]]
[[nl:Eenparig versnelde beweging]]
[[nn:Rørslelikningane]]
[[pl:Kinematyczne równanie ruchu]]
[[pt:Equações de movimento]]
[[zh:运动方程]]
[[it:Equazione del moto]]

User talk:Kungfuadam

2007-03-19T07:04:49Z

Lord fabs: JDwBz image restoration request

{{User:Kungfuadam/Status}}
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== The Alter ==
Thank you for unblocking me.
:--[[User:The Alter|The Alter]]

== AAA ==

Hi you deleted AAA (Ateliers d'Automobiles et d'Aviation), the French automobile marque.
I can give you these sources on internet: [http://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:sp-UYOMta-MJ:pboursin.club.fr/pdgve5.htm+%22Ateliers+d%27Automobiles+et+d%27Aviation%22&hl=nl&gl=nl&ct=clnk&cd=11 a French site], [http://www.deautogids.nl/auto/merk.asp?ID=6485 a Dutch site], [http://members.lycos.nl/carmakes/Cars_A.html#Aa another Dutch site]. Thanks for putting it back {{unsigned|89.100.139.240}}

== AFD [[doctor steel]] ==

== Doctor Steel ==

kungfuadmam, changes have been made to [[Doctor Steel]] and I would like to direct your attenation to the voting being done on the afd talk page.

== Why? ==

Why did you delete my page? Cream and Sonic girls? I worked hard for it!!!!! NEXT TIME I MAKE A PAGE DONT DELETE IT!!!

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==Your edit to [[:M/V Elwha]]==
Your recent edit to [[:M/V Elwha]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M/V_Elwha&diff=109069909&oldid=109069352 diff]) was reverted by an '''automated bot''' that attempts to recognize and repair [[Wikipedia:vandalism|vandalism]] to Wikipedia articles. If the bot reverted a legitimate edit, please accept my humble creator's apologies – if you bring it to the attention of the bot's owner, we may be able to improve its behavior. '''[[User:Tawkerbot2/FAQ|Click here]]''' for '''frequently asked questions''' about the bot and this warning. // [[User:MartinBot|MartinBot]] 22:45, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

== Deletion of Sarai page on Wikipedia ==

Hi, I am from Sarai, and it has just come to our attention that you have deleted the Sarai entry on Wikipedia. Here is the relevant deletion log:
23:33, 20 August 2006 Kungfuadam (Talk | contribs) deleted "Sarai (new media initiative)" (closing prod uncontested since 15 Aug)

May we ask why this step was taken, as Sarai is definitely still an active organisation,
and has strong ties to the open-source, and open documentation world.

Regards,
Gora
-- [[User:59.176.103.149|59.176.103.149]] 06:37, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

== JDwBz image restoration request ==

Hello

I do understand your valid reasons to speedily delete JDwBz.jpg, however the image was in the public domain and i will add tags to the image as soon as it is restored. Please post a comment on my user talk page when this is possible. Thanks :)

[[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 07:04, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Equations of motion

2007-03-19T07:01:51Z

Lord fabs: /* Linear equations of motion */

In [[physics]], '''equations of motion''' are [[equations]] that describe the behavior of a system (e.g., the motion of a particle under an influence of a [[force]]) as a function of time. Sometimes the term refers to the [[differential equations]] that the system satisfies (e.g., [[Newton's second law]] or [[Euler-Lagrange equations]]), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.

The equations that apply to bodies moving linearly (that is, one dimension) with uniform [[acceleration]] are presented below. They are often referred to as [[SUVAT equations]], as the 5 variables they involve are represented by those letters (S = displacement, U = initial velocity, V = final velocity, A = acceleration, T = time)

==Linear equations of motion==
The body is considered at two instants in time: one "initial" point and one "current". Often, problems in kinematics deal with more than two instants, and several applications of the equations are required.
{| width="100%"
|- valign=top
|width="50%"|
: <math>v_f = v_i + a\Delta t \,</math>
: <math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_i + v_f)\Delta t</math>
: <math>s = v_i\Delta t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>
: <math>v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2as \,</math>
: <math>s = v_f\Delta t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} a\Delta t^2</math>

|width="50%"|
where...
: <math>v_i \,</math> is the body's initial speed
and its current state is described by:
: <math>s \,</math>, the distance travelled from initial state ([[displacement]])
: <math>v_f \,</math>, the current speed
: <math>\Delta t \,</math>, the time between the initial and current states
:<math>a</math> is the constant acceleration, or in the case of bodies moving under the influence of [[gravity]], ''[[standard gravity|''g'']]''.
|}

Note that each of the equations contains four of the five variables.
When using the above formulae, it is sufficient to know three out of the five variables to calculate the remaining two.

==Classic version==
The above equations are often found in the following version:

:<math>v = u+at \,</math>...(1)

:<math>s = \frac {1} {2}(u+v) t </math>...(2)

:<math>s = ut + \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(3)

:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2 a s \,</math>...(4)

:<math>s = vt - \frac {1} {2} a t^2 </math>...(5)

By sub.(1)to (2), we can get (3) and (5)

where

:''s'' = the distance travelled from the initial state to the final state (displacement)

:''u'' = the initial speed

:''v'' = the final speed

:''a'' = the constant acceleration

:''t'' = the time taken to move from the initial state to the final state

===Examples===
Many examples in kinematics involve [[projectile]]s, for example a ball thrown upwards into the air.

Given initial speed ''u'', one can calculate how high the ball will travel before it begins to fall.

The acceleration is normal gravity ''g''. At this point one must remember that while these quantities appear to be [[scalar (physics)|scalars]], the direction of displacement, speed and acceleration is important. They could in fact be considered as uni-directional vectors. Choosing ''s'' to measure up from the ground, the acceleration ''a'' must be in fact ''−g'', since the force of [[gravity]] acts downwards and therefore also the acceleration on the ball due to it.

At the highest point, the ball will be at rest: therefore ''v'' = 0. Using the 4th equation, we have:

:<math>s= \frac{v^2 - u^2}{-2g}</math>

Substituting and cancelling minus signs gives:

:<math>s = \frac{u^2}{2g}</math>

===Extension===
More complex versions of these equations can include a quantity <math>\Delta</math>''s'' for the variation on displacement (''s'' - ''s''0), ''s''0 for the initial position of the body, and ''v''0 for ''u'' for consistency.

:<math>v = v_0 + at \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (v_0 + v)t \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>
:<math>(v)^2 = (v_0)^2 + 2a \Delta s \,</math>
:<math>s = s_0 + v t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}{at^2} \,</math>

However a suitable choice of origin for the one-dimensional axis on which the body moves makes these more complex versions unnecessary.

== Rotational equations of motion ==
The analogues of the above equations can be written for [[rotation]]:

:<math> \omega = \omega_0 + \alpha t \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0
+ \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}(\omega_0 + \omega)t </math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega_0 t + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>
:<math> (\omega)^2 = (\omega_0)^2 + 2\alpha \Delta \phi \,</math>
:<math> \phi = \phi_0 + \omega t - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix}\alpha {t^2} \,</math>

where:
:<math>\alpha</math> is the [[angular acceleration]]
:<math>\omega</math> is the [[angular velocity]]
:<math>\phi</math> is the [[angular displacement]]
:<math>\omega_0</math> is the initial angular velocity
:<math>\phi_0</math> is the initial angular displacement
:<math>\Delta \phi</math> is the variation on angular displacement (<math>\phi</math> - <math>\phi_0</math>).

==Derivation==
===Motion equation 1===
By definition of acceleration,
:<math>a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}\quad\Rightarrow\quad\ a = \frac{v - u}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math>at = v - u \,</math>
:<math>v = u + at \,</math>

===Motion equation 2===
By definition,
:<math> \mathrm{ average\ velocity } = \frac{s}{t}</math>

Hence
:<math> \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) = \frac{s}{t}</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v)t</math>

===Motion equation 3===
Insert ''Motion Equation 1'' into ''Motion Equation 2''
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (2u + at)t</math>
:<math>s = ut + \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

===Motion equation 4===
:<math>t = \frac{v - u}{a}</math>
Using ''Motion Equation 2'', replace ''t'' with above
:<math>s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) ( \frac{v - u}{a} )</math>
:<math>2as = (u + v)(v - u) \,</math>
:<math>2as = v^2 - u^2 \,</math>
:<math>v^2 = u^2 + 2as \,</math>

===Motion equation 5===
Using ''Motion Equation 1'' to replace ''u'' in ''motion equation 3'' gives
:<math>s = vt - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2</math>

==See also==
*[[Scalar (physics)]]
*[[Vector (spatial)|Vector]]
*[[Distance]]
*[[Displacement (vector)|Displacement]]
*[[Speed]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Acceleration]]
*[[SUVAT equations]]
*[[Jerk]]
*[[Angular displacement]]
*[[Angular speed]]
*[[Angular velocity]]
*[[Angular acceleration]]
*[[Trajectory#Example: Constant gravity, no drag or wind|Parabolic trajectory]]
*[[Newton's laws of motion]]
*[[Torricelli's Equation]]

==References==
*'''Fundamentals of Physics''' Robert Resnick, David Halliday, Jearl Walker

[[Category:Classical mechanics]]
[[Category:Equations]]

[[cs:Pohybová rovnice]]
[[de:Bewegungsgleichung]]
[[es:ecuación de movimiento]]
[[fr:Équations du mouvement]]
[[nl:Eenparig versnelde beweging]]
[[nn:Rørslelikningane]]
[[pl:Kinematyczne równanie ruchu]]
[[pt:Equações de movimento]]
[[zh:运动方程]]
[[it:Equazione del moto]]

Wikipedia:Replies to common objections

2007-03-16T12:26:13Z

Lord fabs: /* Shortage of intellectuals */ Just removed the space between e. and g. forming "e.g." ~~~~

{{Shortcut|[[Wikipedia:replies]] [[WP:RCO]]}}

How do people react to Wikipedia?
Some people react strongly. Some are nearly instantly hooked, and love the idea; others think the idea is so absurd as not to require any serious consideration. We try to answer a number of common criticisms of the Wikipedia project on this page. (See also the [[Wikipedia:Criticisms|Criticisms]] page for exact quotations of prominent critics.)

== Letting arbitrary Internet users edit any article at will is absurd ==

=== My prose ===

"I can't imagine having ''my'' golden prose edited by any passer-by. It's mine, so why would I let others touch it?"

:We (on Wikipedia) don't each try to "[[WP:OWN|own]]" the additions we make to Wikipedia. We are working ''together'' on statements of ''what is known'' (what constitutes free human knowledge) about various subjects. Each of us individually benefits from this arrangement. It is difficult to write [[Wikipedia:the perfect article|the perfect article]] single-handedly, but it becomes easier when working together. Hence the saying "Many hands makes light work." That in fact has been our repeated experience on Wikipedia. Consider the following example:

:: "I thought I understood [[Gödel's incompleteness theorem]] pretty well, and since the then-existing article was short and incomplete, I decided to rewrite it. Since then, several people have chipped in, sometimes rewriting a paragraph, sometimes criticizing an omission, sometimes deleting parts. I didn't agree with all changes, but with most of them. No material is ever lost since Wikipedia stores all previous versions of all articles. So I [[wikipedia:revert|reverted]] a few changes back. Overall, the article is now much better than I could ever have written alone."

:We [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|assume that the world is full of reasonable people]] and that collectively they can arrive eventually at a reasonable conclusion, despite the worst efforts of a very few wreckers. It's something akin to [[optimism]].

=== Cranks ===

"Wikipedia will be ruined by cranks who post ridiculous theories on the Internet."

: So far, there have been relatively few [[crank (person)|crank]]s on Wikipedia, and it's easy to delete [[wikipedia:patent nonsense|patent nonsense]] as soon as it appears on the [[Wikipedia:Recent Changes|Recent Changes]] page.

: Some websites say the first moon landing was [[Apollo moon landing hoax accusations|staged in a movie studio]], or describe supposed [[perpetual motion machine]]s. It is impossible to correct those websites, no matter how wrong they are, because their authors demand complete control over their work. They fail miserably on Wikipedia.

: This does not mean that idiosyncratic points of view are silenced or deleted; rather, they are contextualized by attributing them to named advocates. The more idiosyncratic an entry, the more likely it is to be modified. Because no one owns the information in Wikipedia, people are compelled to contribute convincingly true information. Thus, cranks who are unable to accept critical editing of their writing find they have no platform and leave; those willing to present their interests in less-biased ways become valuable contributors.

"Some persistent cranks could write up a crankish page on the Holocaust, and keep reverting it back to their version."

: However, a better way is to challenge cranks using Wikipedia itself. For example, the [[Holocaust denial]] article shows that crank opinions' weaknesses are exposed in a neutral point of view. After all, it is far better to understand and challenge inaccurate claims than simply try to ignore them.

: Generally, partisans of all sorts are kept under the gun. Wikipedians feel pretty strongly about enforcing our non-bias policy. We've managed to work our way to rough consensus on a number of controversial issues. People who stubbornly insist that an article must reflect their personal biases are rare, and then they generally receive a [[wiktionary:drubbing|drubbing]].

: In serious cases, we can [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|ban people]] as a last resort and use technical means to stop them from making further edits to Wikipedia.

=== Trolls and flamers ===
"Wikipedia will end up like [[Usenet]] ([[newsgroup]]s) — just a bunch of [[flame war]]s."

: This problem is a bit larger, but it is dealt with fairly handily by the Wikipedia's social mores, known as [[Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikiquette]]. Arguments on article pages are moved either to a corresponding [[talk page]] (e.g., [[Talk:Theory of relativity]]) or to a new article page presenting the arguments within a neutral context (e.g., [[operating system advocacy]]).

: Discussion on talk pages centers on article improvement, rather than merits of various competing views. We have an informal but widely respected policy against using talk pages for partisan wrangling independent of article improvement.

: [[Usenet]] lacks abilities absolutely essential to Wikipedia's success: We edit other people's work. We do this all the time on Wikipedia, which encourages creative and collegial collaboration. Or more strongly, on Wikipedia there's no such thing as "other people's work", because no one owns the information. This results in enforcement of community-agreed-upon standards, which is very difficult to achieve in Usenet.

: Furthermore, Usenet is a debate forum. Wikipedia is, very self-consciously, an encyclopedia project! This provides some agreement on [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|what Wikipedia is not]].

: The Wiki way focuses on agreement, not disagreement as [[weblog]]s, [[mailing list]]s, and [[Usenet]] often do. There is room for almost anyone to work on Wikipedia, without encountering those who have a truly incompatible view.

: There are probably always a few trolls and flamers trying to stir up trouble on Wikipedia. While these folks can be noisy, the great majority of contribution to Wikipedia continues, paying little attention to them.

=== Amateurs ===

"Many ignorant people who think they know stuff will riddle articles with errors and serious omissions."

: In all honesty, Wikipedia has a fair bit of well-meaning, but ill-informed and amateurish work. In fact, we welcome it — an amateurish article to be improved later is better than nothing. In any case, when new hands (particularly, experts on the subjects in question) arrive and go to work, the amateurish work is ''usually'' straightened out. Really egregious errors are fixed quickly by the thousands of people who read Wikipedia every day. In general, the worse the error, the faster it will be noticed and fixed. As [[Linus's Law|Linus' Law]] states, '''"Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow."''' The editor base of Wikipedia is large enough that errors are usually small.

: Amateurs generally recognize when they're dealing with an expert, and start contributing differently — by asking questions, saying which bits of an article are unclear, and doing some research "grunt work". Wikipedia benefits from having amateurs ''and'' experts work together. Think of the great way "Amateurs" or newcomers to writing can learn how to be better at the skill.

: "Professionals" can and do come in to correct errors later. But we must create a framework, terminology and conventions that makes sense to amateurs - or else we'd end up fragmented into many specialized works - making only professionals happy. By making it easy for amateurs, we increase the amount of content, and enable easy achievement of [[critical mass (sociodynamics)|critical mass]]. By building a text base, licensed under the [[GNU FDL]], good enough for serious scholars to correct, and with an interface and update protocol tolerable and respectful enough for people to use, we make [[stone soup]].

: Also, it's much more time-efficient for an amateur to write an article because the corrections by a professional will usually be minor. In any field, professionals are few compared to amateurs and are generally busy. Therefore, an extensive collection of knowledge is much better off with amateur contributions, as long as readers recognize this, and have a way to discern an article's history.

=== Partisans ===

"There are plenty of partisans who are all too eager to leave out information that is important to presenting a balanced view. They'll be delighted to post to Wikipedia, and that's going to create huge gaps in your coverage, which will ruin the project."

:Frequently the initial author omits crucial information, whether [[Hanlon's razor|due to ignorance or malice]]. In many cases, but not all, this is fixed quickly by the scores of people reading Wikipedia every day. For example, Wikipedia has fairly decent, balanced articles about [[war]], [[propaganda]], [[abortion]], [[Scientology]], and [[prostitution]]. Wikipedia is actually notable as a means of coming to agree [[Wikipedia:list of controversial issues|on controversy]], and has been studied by some researchers for its ability to neutralize the often noxious debates on such topics. Very often it is easy to find a related topic on which many such partisans can work in relative peace and come to agree on methods, even facts. Also, remember that partisans from both sides try to push their views on Wikipedia. An example of this is the [[Cornwall]] page in which the difficulties over Cornwall's legal status and its relationship to [[England]] have over time been worked into what is a largely acceptable form of words to all parties. (The corollary of this particular debate is that the article is far more complete than it would otherwise have been, and certainly makes the point far more accurately than certain other encyclopedias we could mention).

=== Advertisers ===

"What about advertisers? Won't those with a product or service to hawk see the opportunity to hit a targeted market and write new articles for their product or worse, edit the article that corresponds to their generic product class (e.g., [[computer]]) to an ad for their product?"

: This kind of thing has already happened. There are basically three forms: adding excessive external links to one's company, outright replacing of legitimate articles with advertising, and writing glowing articles on one's own company. The first and second forms are treated as pure [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and the articles are [[wikipedia:revert|reverted]]. Most Wikipedians loathe spam, and spammers are dealt with especially severely. The third form is normally dealt with by editing the article for a [[wikipedia:neutral point of view|neutral point of view]] or by [[WP:Delete|deleting]] the article.

:Corporate advertisers would likely not find Wikipedia to be an attractive advertising medium. In traditional web-based advertising, such as [[banner ad]]s, [[popup ad]]s, and [[email advertising]], the response rate can be directly measured, either through [[web bugs]] or server logs. If a company used Wikipedia to peddle its goods, the response rate could not be measured.

: Not being able to measure results may not stop individuals who want to advertise their new multi-level marketing scheme, but unless they're using a bot (see next section), it takes a lot of time and energy to keep reverting the page back to the advertisement, so that the would-be spammer would get their message viewed (in an uneditable form!) more often and more reliably by using a traditional advertising medium.

:Ironically, advertising spam can actually be beneficial to Wikipedia. Suppose an advertiser for [[body building]] products edited that page to an ad for its product. A reader that happens by and sees the spam could copy the advertisement, revert the page to its previous state, and then add information discussing the advertiser's specific methods or claims to the wealth of knowledge on the subject. In effect, advertisers' claims, when tempered and weighed against other knowledge associated with the subject, can yield a more robust article than before.

:For more information, see [[Wikipedia: Spam]].

=== Bots ===

"You still haven't addressed the real bane of Usenet: massive automated spamming. It would be trivial to write a script to post weight-loss ads to all Wikipedia pages, and once spammers or vandals start to use wikibots, you're sitting ducks."

:There are scripts to deface wikis, primarily aiming for increased [[PageRank]] in [[search engine]]s, but there are several things that keep this from being too much of a problem. It's easy to revert spam, and anyone can do so. We can already block IP addresses, which serves as a basic form of spam filtering.

:Wikipedia also uses [[Wikipedia:Bots|wikibots]] for good purposes. Bots run by Wikipedia volunteers detect and revert spam. These bots must be approved and are then supervised by contributors.

:Wikipedia also has the ability to install [[CAPTCHA]] and other spam-blocking methods if the need exists.

:Wikipedia is also an unattractive spam target for well-established legal reasons. Most countries do not have laws against [[USENET]] or email spam, but most have laws against unauthorised website defacement — what we call [[Wikipedia:vandalism|vandalism]].

"What do you do if people start running scripts to repost their own bit of vandalism or spam, and from different locations so you can't just block their IP address?"

: This would be similar to a [[distributed denial of service]] attack, which major websites occasionally fall victim to. Wikipedia has suffered [[user:Vandalbot|some such attacks]], and so far it's been much easier to block the attacks than for the vandal to devise new attacks.

:If someone launches an extensive attack, ''all'' offending IP addresses can be blocked from further editing by the [[wikipedia:administrators|admins]]. We can develop ''[[ad hoc]]'' technical measures to disallow certain edits, or to revert edits that meet certain criteria. For example, measures are already in place that prohibit edits that add links to certain problematic web sites. Since some trusted members of the community have direct access to the page database, these measures can be effected more rapidly and with less effort than is expended by spammers to deface pages. In an emergency, we can revert all changes made since a certain time. Also, we could disable editing or account creation temporarily. The spam problem on Wikipedia has never gotten as bad as to require one of these emergency methods due to our large base of dedicated volunteers.

=== Systemic bias ===

"Wikipedia coverage is heavily biased by the sorts of people who want to contribute to it."

: This seems to be a perfectly legitimate concern. Certainly, Wikipedia coverage is patchy. It's easy to find examples of a really long article on one subject, whereas another, equally important subject, has a very short article. Sometimes this is just the result of a single enthusiastic contributor. Other times it is due to [[systemic bias]].

: The English Wikipedia's largest bias is in favour of Western topics, and particularly topics relevant to English-speaking nations such as the [[United States]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]], [[Canada]] and so on. This will probably never be eliminated, but it doesn't mean that there isn't considerable and constantly increasing depth to the coverage of many other areas of the world too. Also, many of our early contributors were "geeks" of various descriptions: [[hacker]]s, [[scientist]]s/[[academia|academics]] and so on, and as such, our [[science]] and [[technology]] coverage was initially far deeper and broader than our [[arts]] and [[humanities]] coverage. That may still be true to some extent, but it is becoming less and less clear cut.

: Also, while the percentages of people working on unpopular topics might remain roughly the same, the sheer numbers of such people will increase, growing the content in those areas. Because Wikipedia doesn't have a time limit, it doesn't matter if our coverage is unbalanced, as long as each area eventually gets the coverage it deserves. Even if the [[computer]] and [[mathematics]] areas, for example, grow faster than the [[dance]] and [[literature]] areas, this doesn't imply that the latter areas are weak.

: Another solution that we actively engage in is to target the weak areas by recruiting contributors for those areas in various ways. More and more people are [[WP:AS|becoming aware]] of Wikipedia. See [http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/Sitemap.htm Wikipedia Statistics]
::See [[meta:Systemic bias]] for further discussion.

=== Deletion and changes ===

"What if somebody tries to delete a section of an article, or add a couple of words to alter its meaning? Does Wikipedia back up its articles? Does Wikipedia scrutinize its articles for even the smallest changes made to less popular articles? Also, does all this mean that the content of articles is subject to constant changes in meaning and detail, and that an article will be completely different over time?"

:These are problems handled by Wikipedia's version system. We effectively retain all previous versions of every article, as it was at each point in time, and each of these versions can be individually viewed. Even deleted articles can be undeleted. This allows any change to be reversed or partially reversed with little effort.

:So-called ''sneaky vandalism'', where a few words are inserted in a way intended to change the meaning without being noticed, is rarely effective, because we do not scrutinize articles for changes manually — instead we rely on software features which plainly mark for our review the differences between two versions of an article. Our technology, together with certain telltale signs learned from experience, makes such vandalism easy to detect. We also employ [[WP:BOTS|technological methods]] to detect and remove vandalism.

:It is true that articles change over time, eventually into what may seem to be an entirely new article. This is by design — a brief look at an older paper encyclopedia will show you that, even when the subject is historical, what we know about the subject and our attitude toward it is a rapidly moving target. This problem is exacerbated with modern topics like software and current events. By allowing gradual changes to be made over time, we continuously adapt to new information and new perspectives in a way that static encyclopedias cannot.

:Many of the criticisms leveled at Wikipedia are not unique to it, but are because Wikipedia is, at bottom, a [[WikiWiki|wiki]]. Many of the same objections have been made to other wikis.

== Wikipedia can never be high quality ==

Various forms of [[provenance]] have been proposed for the Wikipedia (see [[Wikipedia:Provenance]]). Such proposals are quite controversial (see [[Wikipedia talk:Provenance]]). However, providing provenance could help address many of the issues discussed below. The [[Wikipedia:Stable versions|Stable versions]] proposal is to introduce an anti-wiki concept of fixed versions that have been vetted to be high quality.

=== Under construction ===

"A giant 'under construction' sign should be on almost every article."

: Well, some pages are better than others. Some Wikipedia articles on esoteric subjects are the ''best'' resource you will find online (See [[Nafaanra language]], [[crushing by elephant]] or [[exploding whale]]). Wikipedia articles on more popular subjects, though lacking multimedia extravaganzas, are just as, if not more, informative than articles elsewhere.

: Equally, we have articles that are stubs, that are inaccurate, misspelled, biased, poorly written, or just plain rubbish. That comes with our ambitious goals, and the way we work. And on many of these articles, such as stubs, we do actually have ''under construction'' signs!

: Wikipedia is both a product and a process. Even if the product is not yet perfect, the process ensures that at the end of every day, the encyclopedia is higher quality than it was at the beginning of the day. That doesn't ensure we will eventually attain perfection (if such a thing is even possible), but it's something to believe in.

=== Shortage of intellectuals ===

"Wikipedia lacks upstanding intellectuals and highly qualified contributors. After all, Wikipedia will take anything from anybody!"

: It's fair to say that the majority of our contributors are at college or undergraduate level in the subjects they write about. So, the article on [[Physics]] is more likely to be written by someone taking a degree in physics than, say, [[Stephen Hawking]]. In addition, this may offer an "entry level" researcher a more mundane explanation based on the creativity of previous contributors to deeply complex concepts, e.g. [[Quantum entanglement]].

: Still, plenty of "intellectuals" participate in Wikipedia. Our [[mathematics]] section, for example, benefits greatly from the dedication of several mathematicians who are very active on Wikipedia; our [[string theory]] articles have recently been expanded by a [[Harvard University|Harvard]] physics professor. (Who knows, maybe [[Stephen Hawking]] ''will'' start writing for Wikipedia!)

: Of course, [[arguing in the alternative]] one could also call into question the value of "upstanding" and "highly qualified" by pointing out that they often fail to take into account theories and ideas outside the scope of their respective spheres, such as academia, government, or an activist movement.

=== Motives of intellectuals ===

"Why would highly qualified people get involved with Wikipedia? Why should any researcher care about it, since it's not a serious reference work?"

: First of all, what does serious mean? Serious can mean:
:* timely and up to date
:* open to change all the time, with no unalterable dogmas
:* immune to political or economic pressure

:Wikipedia provides free, unlimited server space and well-designed page construction tools for anyone doing something that fits within the Wikipedia mission and doesn't care about owning the information; a description that matches the archetypal academic researcher. Academics generally get their jobs because they like learning and/or teaching others. We do both here.

: It can be fun for intellectually serious people if we know that we're creating something of quality. It's part of the volunteer ethic — the joy of helping others. And, as explained above, many people believe that we ''are'' creating something of quality here.

=== Errors and omissions ===

"I looked at an area that I know something about, and found all sorts of errors and omissions. I was surprised and amused. I don't want to be associated with something of this low quality."

:Then contribute anonymously or under a pseudonym until you improve things to the point you are happy putting your name on them. Many people do that. We're glad they do. The whole concept of authorship is not germane to wikis anyway. Bad articles cannot be credited to you because Wikipedia articles aren't credited to anyone!

: We, too, deplore bad work: we just go ahead and fix the problems we see. It would be great if you would help us by doing the same. We also think that there's [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|much on Wikipedia we can be proud of]], so look at the best bits of Wikipedia, as well as the worst.

:If the main thing that's stopping you at this point is that some articles in one area of Wikipedia are of substandard quality, we'd ask you to come back next year, or the year after. See if the mistakes in those articles haven't been corrected, and a lot more details supplied. Soon enough, we're sure the project will be something you want to be associated with.

: Also, all encyclopedias have errors. A 12-year-old [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/4209575.stm schoolboy found five errors] in the [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] within a matter of days. His only recourse was to write to the editor, and the errors may be corrected in print in a few years, as opposed to minutes in Wikipedia. Also, because Wikipedia runs on the internet, any changes are visible to readers almost immediately. Also, using the versioning system, users can determine when and what changes were made to a specific article.

=== Stubs are stupid ===

"Currently Wikipedia is stupid. I looked up a topic I know something about and found a few words. That's ridiculous!"

: Chances are you were reading about something obscure: Wikipedia has a stub on many subjects on which some or all traditional encyclopedias lack an entry.

: There are many "stub" entries, and we share your opinion of their ridiculousness. Yet mighty articles can grow from little stubs. Remember, all articles need to start somewhere! As people [[Wikipedia:find or fix a stub|find or fix stubs]], Wikipedia improves. Equally, stubs are created on subjects where we used to have no article at all! Stubs are a consequence of Wikipedia's "continual improvement", and we're not ashamed of that.

::You can help us, too. [[WP:BB|Be Bold]] and edit the article and add your knowledge. (Don't forget to [[WP:CITE|cite]] your sources!)

=== Standards ===

"It seems Britannica has extremely high standards for what they put into their publications, both online and offline. Wikipedia has no such standards, so it's bound to be low quality."

: Wikipedia does have [[Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines|standards]] — the ones followed by each contributor, and in some cases, these are very high standards indeed. (For example, we encourage all contributors to [[WP:CITE|cite their sources]].) As traffic increases, so will expert help, and as gaps are filled in, the only way remaining for Wikipedia to improve will be in quality and depth. This, in turn, is likely to attract more experts, who follow their own very high standards.

: To make a claim about what standards Wikipedia follows is to make a claim about what standards present and future Wikipedia contributors follow; the current standard is always changing. To say that such people have no standards is baseless.

=== Selectivity ===

"When it is good, Britannica is so partly because it is authoritative, by being ''selective.'' Wikipedia isn't selective about its authors; hence it will never be authoritative."

: The high quality of ''Britannica''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s articles is very important. Certainly it was achieved through high standards. However, is restricting ''who'' writes about what the best way to reach and maintain high standards? Perhaps a more open way is better. Wikipedia is a good test of that proposition. We have, after all, produced [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|excellent articles]] — and, by the way, not ''all'' were written by the many Ph.D.s and other highly credentialed people who contribute to Wikipedia.

: We are selective with what we keep, however. If an article or an edit isn't up to our standards, we will improve it or remove it.

=== Mixing ignorance and knowledge ===

"Good quality requires peer review and expertise. Why should we care about articles written by an arbitrary group of people whose knowledge and ability could range from expertise to hopeless ignorance? Ignorance mixed with knowledge does not benefit knowledge."

: First of all, the hypothesis that openness is to the benefit of quality has ''already'' been tested, and to the benefit of the hypothesis: articles that have been worked on by many different people in the context of Wikipedia are now comparable to articles that can be found in some excellent encyclopedias. If, however, you insist on considering the hypothesis ''a priori,'' please ask yourself: which is more likely to be correct?
# A widely circulated article, subject to scrutiny, correction, and potentially constant improvement over a period of months or years, by vast numbers of experts and enthusiasts, possibly updated mere minutes before you read it.
# An article written by a nonspecialist professional writer or scholar (as many encyclopedia articles are), mostly shielded from public review and improvement, likely over a year ago.

: Second, there is a problem with the concept of peer review in general. Many great advances in the social and natural sciences have come by challenging the status quo and, because of that, their contributions were ignored or belittled by their peers. For example, [[George Akerlof]], Nobel Laureate in Economics in 2001, had his classic paper (for which he won the Nobel Prize) entitled "The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism" rejected by the ''American Economic Review'' for being trivial and by the ''Journal of Political Economy'' because it conflicted with economic theory. Only after submitting it to a third journal, the ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'', did the breakthrough article become published. Wikipedia allows for discourse where other venues would not.

:However, this is not the place to expound on your own (unpublished) theories on physics, for example. See [[Wikipedia:Original research]].

=== Attribution and references ===

"Look, all this speculation and 'experimentation' is fine and well, but if there's one thing I've learned in my studies, it's that you must know something about the author and his/her qualifications to speak on the topic — or at least be provided with appropriate references to support his/her claims in order to evaluate the validity of a nonfiction work."

: That certainly seems reasonable, but here are some counter-points: First, an increasing number of Wikipedia articles ''do'' have references, which we encourage through an official policy: [[Wikipedia:Cite_sources|cite your sources]].

: Second, as the number of participants increase, so does the number of experts bringing weak articles up to par — while you may be unaware of ''which'' experts worked on an article, if you know an article existed for many months and that ''some'' experts in that topic contribute, it's fairly likely those experts have already reviewed the article. In other words, knowledge of the ''process'', and of the fact that it includes experts in many fields, ''may'' be better than knowing a particular (alleged) expert has written a particular article. Perhaps the relevant question is: "How expert is the Wikipedia contributor ''community''?" The answer is, "We have experts in many different fields, and new highly qualified people arrive all the time." All we require is a few experts continuously "raising the bar" from the beginning of the project. It is quite alright if very many or even most experts fail to help, or think poorly of us.

: Third, an [[Meta:Article validation|approval mechanism]] will be installed if we find it beneficial. Alternately, because the content is free, someone may start a project that "approves" Wikipedia content itself.

=== Accepting edits ===

"Indeed, then, I should like to see some means of peer review ''before edits are accepted'' on articles which have already been approved by some similar process of peer review. At the moment it is entirely in the hands of an individual whether he thinks a modification he intends is an improvement, so there comes a point when a modification is as likely to damage the resource. If some system could be installed, then you would protect against crank attacks as well as misjudgment, and ensure a continually improving resource."

:As a community, almost all of us are opposed to what has been called the policy of completely "freezing" particular pages — so that they can be edited only by a select group of people (e.g., only the author and an "editor"). We feel that our own collective monitoring of [[Wikipedia:Recent Changes|Recent Changes]] is an adequate safeguard against cranks — see above. The [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]] feature allows [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|logged-in users]] to monitor a set of pages, and thus retrospectively review any changes. Moreover, it is quite obvious that Wikipedia has achieved what success it has so far precisely ''by'' being as open as it has been. So, again, we don't want to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.

:That said, perhaps someone who has the above suggestion will be pleased by the approval system mentioned above and which can be found discussed at [[meta:Article validation]]. Such a system would identify a body of experts that would put its official stamp of approval on some articles. Those articles could still be just as easily revised as they were before, but there would also be a version that would be presented as the "approved" version. This way we can "freeze" high-quality content without freezing the process.

:Until then, people dissatisfied without a form of peer review can try [[Wikipedia:Peer review]].

=== Trustworthiness ===

"One great source - if you can trust it." [http://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2004/07/12/one_great_source____if_you_can_trust_it/]

: Traditional encyclopedias are based on the reputation of certain authors. These authors, though small in number, are highly interested and ostensibly qualified to find good sources for their information, and therefore produce good quality articles. Wikipedia articles, on the other hand, are compiled largely by the internet public, with varying levels of interest and expertise, but leveraged by great economies of scale. A simple editable webpage on the internet would indeed be subjected to recklessness. The difference provided in Wikipedia is the infrastructure that helps direct those raw public contributions to the level of standard required.

: There are varying levels of quality and trustworthiness for each article that needs to be discerned carefully. There is an effort to create a [[Wikipedia:Pushing to 1.0|version 1.0 of Wikipedia]] to address this issue.

: Wikipedia may also delegate trust to other sources by referencing.

: [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured articles]] in Wikipedia are the ones most likely to be a collection of trustworthy articles and the number will grow in time.

: Due to occasional vandalism, incompetency and lack of effort, articles and professional encyclopedias alike should always be taken with a grain of salt. When one researches on a topic, he or she would reference many sources rather than rely only on one as good practice.

: Note that the three leading competing online encyclopedias have disclaimers and provide no warranty as to their accuracy - [http://corporate.britannica.com/termsofuse.html Britannica], [http://privacy.msn.com/tou/ Encarta] and [http://www.bartleby.com/sv/terms.html Bartleby]. Sometimes the staff of those encyclopedias [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A30326-2004Sep17.html seem to forget about the disclaimers].

: Wikipedia is different because it is very dynamic and so is always under continual improvement. A notable criticism made one day causes the article to be corrected to the better quality as a reply very soon after. Trustworthiness and quality of Wikipedia articles would appear to be a function of time.

=== Quality of other sources ===

"Wikipedia cannot be trusted, unlike other more scholarly sources."

:The following links and stories illustrate why a "trust, but verify" approach is often necessary with any source.

:* [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,1431473,00.html ''Dictionary of National Biography'' errors]
:* [[Wikipedia:Errors_in_the_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_that_have_been_corrected_in_Wikipedia|''Encyclopædia Britannica'' errors]]
:* [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7070/full/438900a.html Internet encyclopaedias go head to head] A study by [[Nature (journal)|''Nature'']] found that "Wikipedia comes close to Britannica in terms of the accuracy of its science entries" (Britannica has since disputed the results of the article, and Nature has reaffirmed their stance.)
:* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4578286.stm Science takes stock after clone row], a report on [[Hwang Woo-Suk]], see also [[scientific misconduct]]
:* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2284783.stm Blondes 'to die out in 200 years'], a BBC News story reporting a [http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/statement05/en/ hoax]
:* Government misinformation, such as the [[Office of Strategic Influence]] and others [http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0906/p01s02-wosc.html] [http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/27/politics/27ABOR.html] [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/28/AR2006032801685.html]
:* [[Bush administration payment of columnists]]
:* [[Jayson Blair]], a former reporter for ''[[The New York Times]]'', see also [[journalism scandals]]
:* [[The_Onion#The_Onion_taken_seriously|''The Onion'' and the real world]], see also [http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,63048,00.html ''Onion'' Taken Seriously, Film at 11]
:* [http://skepdic.com/filedrawer.html File-drawer effect]
:* [http://web.archive.org/web/20041013045152/abclocal.go.com/wpvi/news/100104_bb_pornmovies.html Porn Added to Library's Video Tapes]
:* [[James Frey]], [[JT LeRoy]], [[Edmund Morris]], [[Clifford Irving]], [[Michael A. Bellesiles]], and [[James Hatfield]], see also [http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB113858811205659673-1oPuv_I9jyv2P9k_u8qNN_3obQM_20070130.html?mod=rss_free Publishers Say Fact-Checking Is Too Costly] and [http://www.uwm.edu/~hubbardj/wikiquotes.pdf Quotations from library books]
:* [http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/13/1723206&tid=133 Randomly Generated Paper Accepted to Conference]
:* [[Sokal Affair]] and [[Bogdanov Affair]]
:* [http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124 Why Most Published Research Findings Are False]
:* [[Plagiarism]] cases such as [[Vladimir Putin]], [[Kaavya Viswanathan]], and [[Tim Ryan (journalist)|Tim Ryan]] (a journalist who plagiarized Wikipedia)

:Misinformation is commonplace, and has been in existence long before the Internet publishing. From [[quiz show scandals]] to other hoaxes (e.g., [[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]], [[Piltdown Man]], and [[The Hitler Diaries]] -- see [[:Category:Communication of falsehoods]] for more), [[information literacy]] skills have always been needed to evaluate information sources.

== Scalability ==

=== Quantity and quality ===

"Many of your replies seem to assume that quality will improve as the website grows, but quantity doesn't always beget quality. Perhaps it will get worse as it gets bigger?"

:There are two reasons to think that increasing numbers of articles and participants will lead to higher quality.

:First, the more eyes that see our articles, the more transparent the errors will be (over the long haul). While we might have one or two philosophers on board during one month, a year later we might have ten or twenty — and then mistakes in their work will be caught much more quickly.

:Second, statistically, the more people who are participating, the greater the ''sheer numbers'' of experts; that seems to be our experience so far. Moreover, as a matter of fact, people usually tend not to touch articles they know nothing about, particularly when the article is well-developed or when they know that some resident expert will pounce on their mistakes. (There are exceptions, of course.) So, the greater the number of participating experts, the higher the overall quality of the content produced under their general guidance. It is not mere hype to say that Wikipedia caters to the highest common denominator — it's actually an observation we've made!

=== Rate of growth ===
[[Image:English-language-wikipedia-.png|thumb|200px|English-language Wikipedia Article Count - Jan 2001-Nov 2005]]
"You may have grown fast in the past, but it's surely wrong to suppose that the growth rate in the past is a good indication of what will happen in the future."

:We agree that it's very risky to make any ''specific'' predictions about growth rates. But it does seem reasonable to suppose Wikipedia will continue to grow at a rapid rate by observing the factors that have made it grow rapidly so far. Search engines have been sending us lots of traffic (thousands of visitors a day from [[Google]] alone; it used to be just in the hundreds). The more traffic search engines send us, the more people become involved and create content and the more people link to our content, which in turn generates more traffic. Already, plenty of Wikipedia pages are listed on the first few pages of Google results (see [[Wikipedia:Top 10 Google hits]] for an incomplete, outdated listing).

:It is even possible, even likely that the Wikipedia will eventually become a starting place for researchers in its own right. When search engines first hit the Internet, they had to gain in popularity and were simply linked from other pages, but after achieving critical mass, they were then viewed as an authority in their own right and were made the first place someone looked, not in addition to a particular viewers current favorite choice.

:There is some attrition (some old contributors don't write so much anymore), but this is offset by an overall increase in the active population. There are many more active Wikipedians now than there were even three months ago.

:Another part of the argument is that the overall quality of Wikipedia has been increasing, and this in turn increases the number of people likely to take notice of the project, link to it, use its contents (properly sourcing Wikipedia), etc.

:In short, "the rich get richer." Please note, this is not mere speculation: it's an explanation of how Wikipedia's growth has occurred in the last nine months.

:The number of encyclopedia topics is not infinite, but it is very large, much larger than the [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] [[Wikipedia:What is an article|articles]] we already have. Even if we reach a point at which we cannot grow significantly in breadth, we will still be able to grow significantly in ''depth.''

:''See [[Wikipedia:Statistics]] for more information''

=== Success breeds failure ===

"You say Wikipedia is growing rapidly. Suppose it gets really big. Then you'll start to attract the attention of more malicious elements. All the noise will eventually be larger than any group of editors can handle."

: Wikipedia is the largest wiki there is, and it's an open question as to whether it will scale up if it becomes even larger. Indeed, many folks believe that [http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/mb.pl?CommunityMayNotScale online communities may not scale], whether wiki-based or not.

: Many of us believe that Wikipedia will scale indefinitely. The more people there are to abuse it, the more people there are to ward off the abuse. As traffic increases, so does the number of people who work on and care about the project. We've been [[Slashdot effect|Slashdotted]] before, or had articles featured on TV, and had huge bursts of traffic, and while there were a few "malicious elements," they soon find out that it's just not worth their while. After all, what is the satisfaction from defacing an article submitted to a non-profit organization that anyone can contribute to? Not exactly much of a challenge is it? Bear in mind that people have been telling us that Wikipedia won't scale since back in 2001, and so far it has.

: On the other hand, some of us agree with you, and think that Wikipedia won't scale indefinitely. At some point in the future, we may look back and see that while Wikipedia is a good encyclopedia, it was even better a month ago. Well, at that point we can start to take the project forward using a different approach, perhaps involving a more rigorous peer review system, or we can hand on the baton to someone else. But at the moment, Wikipedia is scaling nicely, and long may it continue to do so.

=== Slowness ===

"Wikipedia's current loading speed already ranges from rather slow to extremely slow. As it grows, will it keep getting worse?"

: Unfortunately, Wikipedia is in a unique position. Unlike other sites experiencing similarly high load, Wikipedia has only one source of income: donations. Although it has received hundreds of thousands of U.S. dollars in donations and has an adept technical team, its traffic doubles every few months, making the race to keep up difficult.

: However, as the value and promise of Wikipedia continues to grow, we believe even more individuals, corporations, and even governments around the world will see that it is in their interest to support its continued availability and growth. Already hundreds of companies are mirroring its content online, effectively load-balancing the readership. [[Yahoo!]] has contributed a number of servers in Asia [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikimedia_announces_Yahoo_support with no strings attached]. The more technical problems we experience, the more concerned supporters take action to alleviate them.

: Moreover, the open-source technology underlying Wikipedia, [http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/ MediaWiki software] based on the [http://www.mysql.com/ MySQL database management system], is being continuously improved. As time goes on, we will be able to serve more and more requests using the same amount of hardware.

: If a time came where even donations could not support Wikipedia, there are other lucrative methods of support available, such as unobtrusive targeted advertising. Our hope is that this will never become necessary — but we feel confident that we will never be forced to turn our readers away or shut down the project.

== Miscellaneous concerns ==

=== Departures ===

"Some excellent contributors have been driven off Wikipedia altogether: see [[Wikipedia:Missing Wikipedians|Missing Wikipedians]]."

:It's natural for all volunteer projects to have some turnover of staff. People may find better things to do with their time, or may no longer enjoy Wikipedia as much as they used to. Equally, Wikipedia has changed over time: in the early days we were focused on creating new and broad articles, like [[mathematics]], where now we're more interested in refinement of existing articles, or creating articles on more esoteric subjects.

:In short, it's not the end of the world when people leave Wikipedia, provided they are replaced with "fresh blood." On the other hand, where there are systematic problems causing many people to leave, that's something we have to address.

=== Page protection ===

"Some articles end up being protected for very long periods of time, in direct conflict with the stated goal of Wikipedia."

:On the page [[Wikipedia:Administrators]], it is said in particular that:

::''The main page used to receive a lot of vandalism; protecting it is an unfortunate compromise to keep our welcome mat free of random profanity.''

:Wikipedia is not "pure" open, but it is close to it. We try to make sure that the only limitations made on editing are:
:* clearly and immediately justified
:* mostly effective
:* the weakest possible such limitations that are this effective

:Protecting pages is actively discouraged (see [[Wikipedia:Protection policy]] and [[m:Protected pages considered harmful]]) and limited to a very select group of trusted users, only about a thousand out of many thousands. In this way we make the enforcement of the protection policy feasible. While there are cases where pages are protected without cause, any admin who is alerted to this can undo it, the wiki in effect again at a smaller scale. Also, users may leave comments on the talk sections of protected pages. This allows a user to make comments about the page or ask an administrator to make changes or make a case to unprotect the page.

=== Communism ===

"I am afraid you have some similarity with the communists. You should promote the values of capitalism and the free market; such as competition, individual property and intellectual property."

:''(Multiple points of view are presented in response.)''

* '''POV 1: Wikipedia does not endorse ''any'' value system'''

The idea of promoting ''any'' particular set of values is ''anathema'' to the ideal of creating a neutral encyclopedia, and is firmly rejected by the project. The purpose of this encyclopedia is to disseminate knowledge, not to push an agenda.

* '''POV 2: Wikipedia ''is'' like communism, and that's a good thing'''

Wikipedia has a neutral content policy, but that does not mean that the ''methods'' it uses (such as the GFDL) aren't characteristic of a particular value system.

[[Communism]] is associated with [[communal]] ownership of property. [[Capitalism]] creates ''private'' intellectual property with the intent of rewarding authors for creating, improving, and distributing content. It accomplishes this by restricting access to content, such that only paying customers may read it. As a result, fewer people have access to information. Therefore, fewer people get a chance to use that information to come up with new ideas. So the end result of a capitalist approach to intellectual property is that fewer ideas get created, and people have restricted access to existing ideas.

The communist approach of communal ownership of information allows ideas to be distributed far and wide, stimulating intellectual growth and the creation of new ideas. To paraphrase a famous communist motto, Wikipedia's slogan could be "from each, according to their knowledge; to each, according to their curiosity".

Besides, this is the way things have ''always'' been done until fairly recently. The "capitalist" notion of intellectual property is a modern invention.

* '''POV 3: Wikipedia fuels the free market'''

Wikipedia helps fuel the free market economy. Lowering the cost of gathering information means better educated workers, scientists, engineers, and businesspeople. And that means innovation goes faster and reaches farther. Speedy access to basic information may help speed technology transfer and research and development.

Wikipedia does this ''without'' relying on government funding, unlike most basic research enterprises.

* '''POV 4: Wikipedia engages in competition'''

Regardless of the ''internal'' organization of Wikipedia, it engages in ''external'' competition. Its success depends in large part on attracting consumers away from rivals like [[Encyclopedia Britannica]], [[Encarta]], and the [[Columbia Encyclopedia]].

Merely making content publicly available at no cost to consumers does not forsake profit. [[Terrestrial television]], search engines like [[Google]], are examples where "free" content is monetized through advertising. Some of Wikipedia's mirrors do this. Loss leaders can also boost sales of complementary products. For example, [[Red Hat]] complements its services with a free operating system. [[Microsoft]] complements its operating system with a free web browser.

In addition, a mechanism of competition between individual contributions to articles works to maintain and usually, over time, raise, quality standards. Each individual edit "competes" with all of the other potential edits or reversions in the minds of all of the readers of that article, including the material that it replaces; the winner is the best version (as judged according to the views of all contributors, duly channeled by deference to scholarship and argument on the talk pages)... until a better one comes along.

So for those that believe that competition is generally a good thing because it raises quality standards, Wikipedia is an excellent case example.

* '''POV 5: Wikipedia engages in altruistic cooperation'''

Contrary to the above, the reason for Wikipedia's ever-improving quality is cooperation, not competition. No article on Wikipedia has been written by a single contributor, and the editing process does not involve users competing to censor each other's material and promote their own. True, there is plenty of friction and disagreement, but the practice of pushing your own views on an article while reverting other people's is considered abusive and detrimental to Wikipedia. The "winner", the best version, is the result of collective effort by all users working on a certain article; it is likely that a good article contains bits and pieces of text written by dozens or even hundreds of people.

Furthermore, Wikipedians get no material reward for their work. They are motivated, first and foremost, by altruism.

* '''POV 6: Wikipedia is a charity'''

Wikipedia is more than just an economic entity; it is also a charitable enterprise.

Traditional encyclopedias published by for-profit entities create a reasonably high barrier to access for people in developing countries, or even for poor developed-worlders for whom trotting down to the local library is either infeasible or inconvenient. Putting freely available encyclopedic content on the web is a form of economic assistance. There's also a social benefit to having better informed leaders, citizens, and voters.

Wikipedia welcomes private donations (of both money and content), whether they are given because people find the service useful for themselves, or simply out of compassion.

Wikipedia does not monetize its content through advertising, and the Wikimedia Foundation has maintained a non-profit status, because doing otherwise would discourage some donors and thus interfere with the charitable mission.

* '''POV 7: Wikipedia is like Anarchism'''

Wikipedia has very little hierarchy, and it is fundamentally opposed to any and all [[authoritarianism|authoritarian]] principles. It reserves top-down powers to the barest necessary to maintain order and keep the project focused on a particular task. All activity on Wikipedia is voluntary and collaborative in nature. People have complete freedom to contribute or not contribute; if they choose to contribute, it is entirely up to them what kind of articles they wish to edit. Outside projects, including both those sponsored by the Foundation, forks, and independent but similar projects (such as wikitravel.org), are forming to support those who wish to work toward even broader goals. Everyone is allowed to criticize or comment on any portion of the project, and its content is determined in an entirely grass-roots fashion. Thus, if Wikipedia is inspired by communism at all, it is inspired by a form of [[anarchist communism]].

* '''POV 8: You can't compare Wikipedia with an economic system'''

Communism and capitalism (among others) are full-fledged economic systems. They provide a framework within which people earn a living. But no one earns a living on Wikipedia. People live their entire lives in economic systems, but no one lives their entire life on Wikipedia (at least we hope not). Wikipedia is a [[hobby]], something people do in their spare time. You can't compare it with a full economy, because it isn't one.

* '''POV 9: Who cares, as long as it works?'''

Arguing over whether Wikipedia, or certain aspects of it, are more "communist" or more "capitalist" is a waste of time. The important thing is not what ideology inspires it, but whether or not it ''works''.

The following economic questions are more useful to ask:

* What incentives exist for the creation of content?

* Is the rate at which the system produces content that fills the needs of consumers and society competitive with the alternatives?

* Is the Wikipedia system more efficient than the alternatives?

Some partial answers are presented as food for thought.

Incentives for contribution include:

:* Entertainment value

:* Educational value of researching and presenting information to others

:* Emotional satisfaction at producing something that others find useful

:* Charitable altruism

:* Contributions are reviewed, corrected, and expanded by others. The improved content may be of more value to the originator than just their own contributions. (Especially in situations where contributors have uses in mind other than seeking economic reward for publishing a traditionally copyrighted finished version.)

:* It is possible to earn money by publishing print versions of Wikipedia content. The higher the quality of that content, the greater the resulting revenue.

Aspects of Wikipedia which increase efficiency:

:* Low transaction costs. The "ownership barrier" - the need to negotiate copyright licensing arrangements for each contributor - is eliminated.

:* Contributors may join and leave the project without negotiating an employment contract, and without giving up the ability to re-use their contributions for other projects.

:* Contributors build on each other's work. Partially completed work is stored and available for public use and improvement. This is in contrast to say, a partially completed machine, which cannot be stored publicly or handed off in such a manner (especially because possession is exclusive). It is also in contrast to a partially finished book under traditional copyright, which will normally not be published, and would certainly not be available for others to finish (so the next effort would have to start from scratch). This increases internal project efficiency, but it also increases general social efficiency by preventing such duplication of effort. (This is not dissimilar from industry consortia that cross-license intellectual property such as patents).

:* Setting up a free entertainment and education service that produces encyclopedic content as a byproduct.

We are not aware of any research directly comparing the time-to-market of Wikipedia versus a traditional encyclopedia. Any such comparison would be complex, given considerations of coverage, depth and quality.

What we do know is that Wikipedia has already become one of the most popular reference sites on the planet, with over 20 million page views a day. We have hundreds of thousands of articles, gigabytes of raw text, tens of thousands of contributors. (For more and up to date numbers, see [[Wikipedia:Statistics]].) It is literally experiencing [[exponential growth]].

=== Redundancy ===

"Why is there a need for an encyclopedia at all? Why not just go to your favorite search engine and search for whatever topic on which you're looking for information? You're more likely to find it, and it'll be more interesting and more current."

:''Here's a glib answer'': Isn't it interesting that, in fact, over 60,000 people per day arrive at Wikipedia '''via [[Google]]'''? [http://www2.knams.wikimedia.org/stats/00-all-projects/] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Traffic]

:''Here's another glib answer'': For that matter, you might just as well say: "Why is there a need for a ''paper'' encyclopedia at all? Why not just go to your favorite library and search for whatever topic on which you're looking for information?"

:''Here's a longer answer.'' The Internet, armed with good search engines, functions not unlike a giant, and often useful, encyclopedia. But does it follow that there is no need for an open content, community-built encyclopedia? Not necessarily.

:Indeed, the fact that search engines are merely ''often'' useful is a point worth noting. There is a lot of dross on the web; it's easy to get side-tracked by rubbish. Also many of the points above directed at the Wikipedia ''do'' apply to the Web at large. A filtering mechanism of some kind is required.

:That mechanism can take many forms: personal skepticism, peer opinion, popular opinion or a centralised authority, for instance. The Wikipedia provides another; that of mass peer review. It is a handy place to store stuff you find out. But if you can't substantiate what you say, others will remove it. An encyclopedia is not the place for things that are not [[Wikipedia:Attribution|certainly true]].

:Also, even if Wikipedia only displayed existing knowledge, it has four important functions (as do all encyclopedias) that add value:
:* Consolidation: Collecting of information from many sources in one place
:* Summarization: Summarizes existing knowledge in a condensed form for easier reading
:* Organization: A standardized format for all articles and facilities for locating relevant knowledge quickly
:* Cross-referencing: Internal links to related ideas, and external links to references and other helpful primary and secondary sources

:Another important value Wikipedia adds is that it is [[free software|free]] and [[open content]]. This means that anyone will be able to use the content ''for any purpose,'' particularly for educational purposes. There are many great prospects in the use of a really huge, free encyclopedia for educational purposes. While the wiki system isn't necessary to produce such a body of data, convincing people to give away large amounts of their writing for free is difficult without the low bar that the wiki system creates.

:Additionally, it's important to note that both personal and organizational pages on the Web become out of date (so-called '[[bit rot]]'). Errors of fact can remain in place for years with the only feedback mechanism being increasingly rare (due to [[e-mail spam|spam]]) "mailto:" tags. With Wikipedia, all readers are editors. Interested parties can keep articles up-to-date and current long after the original author has lost interest or has less time.

:Finally, it is possible that in the fullness of time Wikipedia will contain more relevant, reliable information on any given topic than can be easily found via a search engine search. That's certainly our plan for it.

:And remember, The internet certainly does '''not''' contain all human knowledge. Visit any decent library and consult some of the specialized reference books and you will find information which is not on any website (or at least not freely available), and is unlikely ever to find its way onto the web (except onto Wikipedia, of course). For example: a search engine may find hundreds of pictures of a particular butterfly but no detail regarding its taxonomic status, breeding biology, range or even its size (all of which are details you would expect of a decent encyclopedia).

=== Markup and display ===

"Wikipedia software is inadequate to the task of collaboratively writing an encyclopedia. It is hard to collaboratively edit images, there is no [[WYSIWYG]] editing, and anything complex requires reams of HTML."

: There are some ways in which Wikipedia is less than ideal in these respects. We are working to improve some of these issues, though: for example, the largest concerns have been in the mathematical section of the site. Wikipedia began supporting [[TeX|TeX Markup]] in January 2003 and this is no longer a problem. Similarly, we now support [[wikipedia:image use policy|image uploads]].

: In addition, a simplified image syntax has recently been introduced (see [[meta:image pages]]). There is also simplifying table markup — see [[m:Help:Table|Help:Table]]. The Wikipedia software is open source, so if you'd like to work on other extensions, then join the [[Wikipedia:Mailing lists|MediaWiki-L mailing list]] and offer your services.

: Furthermore, the ever increasing popularity of Wikipedia has encouraged a number of dedicated developers to create [[WYSIWYG]] tools for editing Wikipedia articles. One such tool is the [http://wikipedia.mozdev.org/ Wikipedia Extension] available for the [[Mozilla Firefox|Firefox]] browser. The development of this and similar projects are excellent examples of the serious interest shown by the members of the community to make Wikipedia more user friendly.

: In the meantime, while we can agree that the current software is not fully polished, it is certainly not inadequate; everything we do now can be carried over as we slowly improve the software.

=== Incorrect titles ===

"Many article titles are [[Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_%28technical_restrictions%29|incorrectly capitalized]]. For example, the articles about eBay and pH are found at [[EBay]] and [[PH]] respectively, and there seems to be no progress in fixing this technical limitation."

:Almost all such articles include a clear notice demonstrating the correct capitalization of the subject, so that the reader is not misled. Our search and linking functionality is not hindered by this limitation; if you type the correct capitalization into the search box or into a link in an article, you will be taken to the correct article. Also, this is not a technical limitation, but a feature of the English Wikipedia. Because 99% of titles in English start with a capital letter there is not much need to turn off this feature. We force all titles to start with a capital letter because it forces authors to capitalize correctly.

:Wikipedia has recently updated its system to allow proper capitalization of titles. The majority of articles have already been moved to their properly titled pages.

=== Excessive use of jargon ===
"Many entries in highly specialized fields use jargon that will not be familiar to anyone not already knowledgeable in those fields. How can this problem be alleviated?"

: An earlier, imperfect solution was to offer entries on all specialized terms in Wikipedia's sister project, the [[:wikt:|Wiktionary]]: the current, improved solution is to offer a glossary article (e.g. [[Glossary of partner dance terms]]), or link the jargon to a page, or header of a page (e.g. [[List of Google services#Book Search|Google Print]] links to [[List of Google services#Book Search]]).

: Depending on the importance of the term, it eventually gets a Wikipedia article of its own, which is almost always linked to. It is generally explained with more known terms.

=== Copyright Violations ===
"What about Wikipedia hosting copyrighted images, texts, or works that would be against the law of many countries?
The statement of such: 'Content must not violate any copyright and must be verifiable', won't necessarily be followed by an anonymous and easily accessed community."

:At present, the same sorts of self-policing efforts that ensure other quality problems from getting out of hand seem to be functioning to prevent such abuse. As with many other issues regarding anonymity and the internet the full legal dangers and solutions are still uncertain, however this is not a problem specific to the wiki project. Copyright problems are resolved quickly when they appear. Copyright owners see: [[Wikipedia:Contact us/Article problem/Copyright]]

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:Why Wikipedia is so great]]
* [[Wikipedia:Why Wikipedia is not so great]]
* [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not]]
* [[meta:modest replies]]
* [http://wikinfo.org/wiki.php?title=Critical_views_of_Wikipedia Critical views of Wikipedia]
[[Category:Wikipedia FAQ|Replies to common objections]]
[[Category:Wikipedia essays|{{PAGENAME}}]]

[[bs:Wikipedia:Naš odgovor kritičarima]]
[[da:Wikipedia:Svar til kritikere]]
[[de:Wikipedia:Unsere Antworten auf Kritik]]
[[es:Wikipedia:Respuestas a objeciones comunes]]
[[eo:Vikipedio:Respondoj al kritikoj]]
[[fr:Wikipédia:Réponses aux objections habituelles]]
[[it:Aiuto:Risposte alle obiezioni comuni]]
[[hu:Wikipédia:Válaszok a gyakori kritikákra]]
[[ja:Wikipedia:よくある批判への回答]]
[[nn:Wikipedia:Innvendingar]]
[[pl:Wikipedia:Nasza odpowiedź na krytykę]]
[[pt:Wikipedia:Respostas aos críticos]]
[[ru:Википедия:Ответы на критику]]
[[sk:Wikipédia:Odpovede na bežnú kritiku]]
[[fi:Wikipedia:Vastauksia arvostelijoillemme]]
[[sv:Wikipedia:Svar på vanliga invändningar]]
[[uk:Вікіпедія:Відповіді на критику]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:我们对批评者的回应]]

User talk:Wik

2007-03-16T12:23:08Z

Lord fabs: Farewell

Wik was a Wikipedian from July 16, 2003, to May 21, 2004.

It is my intention that Wik's user pages be left alone, in their current state, i.e. with the simple message above. Please do not harass him or continue this petty fight. Sysops, please feel free to enforce this by deleting subpages that show up here. Wik is trying to go in peace, let's let him leave with dignity.
[[User:Jimbo Wales|Jimbo Wales]] 12:07, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

== Farewell ==

Farewell, wik.

User talk:Lord fabs

2007-03-16T12:16:42Z

Lord fabs: Personal attack warning

==License tagging for Image:JDwBz.jpg==
Thanks for uploading [[:Image:JDwBz.jpg]]. Wikipedia gets thousands of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags|image tag]] applied to the [[Wikipedia:Image description page|image description page]] indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
*[[Wikipedia:Image use policy]]
*[[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]]

This is an automated notice by [[User:OrphanBot|OrphanBot]]. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at [[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions]]. 12:08, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

== Welcome ==

'''Welcome!'''

Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}, and [[Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
*[[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]]
*[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]]
*[[Help:Contents|Help pages]]
*[[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
*[[Wikipedia:Article development|How to write a great article]]
*[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]
I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]! Please [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out [[Wikipedia:Questions]], ask me on my talk page, or place <code><nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki></code> on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!  [[User:Kimchi.sg|Kimchi.sg]] 12:36, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

== Dirk roshier ==
The article [[Dirk roshier]] has been speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This happened because the article seems to be about a person or group of persons but it does not indicate how or why that person or group is [[WP:NN|notable]]. If you can indicate why the subject is really notable, you are free to re-create the article, making sure to [[WP:CITE|cite]] any [[WP:V|verifiable sources]]. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. You might also want to read [[WP:CSD|our criteria for speedy deletion]], particularly item 7 under [[WP:CSD#Articles|Articles]].  [[User:Kimchi.sg|Kimchi.sg]] 12:36, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

== American English ==

[[Image:Stop hand.svg|left|30px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits{{#if:{{{1|}}}|, such as those you made to [[:{{{1}}}]],}} are considered [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. If you continue in this manner you may be '''[[Wikipedia:blocking policy|blocked]] from editing without further warning'''. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the work of others. Thank you.  —[[User:Angr|'''An''']][[User talk:Angr|''gr'']] 14:25, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

==Utada Hikaru==
The name order issue has been brought up before. See: [[Talk:Utada Hikaru]]. You can also file an entry at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]] if you want to. —[[User:Tokek|Tokek]] 10:45, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

== Personal attack warning ==

{{Uw-npa4im}} - '''''[[User:Harryboyles|Harryboyles]]''''' 23:59, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

User talk:Lord fabs

2007-03-16T12:13:49Z

Lord fabs:

Wikipedia talk:Why was the page I created deleted?/Archive 2

2007-03-16T12:13:30Z

Lord fabs: No deletion logs exist

{{notice|This talk page is '''not for finding out why your page was deleted'''. If that's why you're here, please return to [[Wikipedia:Why was my page deleted?]] and follow the instructions.}}

== An addition, but don't quite know ==
I think it would be valuable to put something about how drafting articles first can avoid them being deleted, but I'm really not sure where to put it. I'm also not sure if that would be appropriate for this page, but it seems relevant, at least in my scatterbrain. XD Perhaps something like this:
:Often, editors create a very basic frame for an unfinished article, which in the mean time is deleted for lack of content or context. This is an unfortunate mistake, but the administrator deleting the article can hardly know that it's still a work in progress when there is nothing of any value in the article. In this case, it would be a great idea to draft your article on a [[Wikipedia:Subpages|subpage]] of your main [[Wikipedia:User page|user page]] until it has enough content to be considered a [[Wikipedia:Stub|stub]].
Or something like that. XD —[[User:Keakealani|K]][[User:Keakealani/Esperanza|e]][[User:Keakealani|akealani]] 06:51, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

:Wouldn't that advice be more suitable for putting in [[Wikipedia:Your first article]] instead of this page? Putting it on both pages might also be an option. [[User:Kavadi carrier|Kavadi carrier]] 07:41, 11 November 2006 (UTC)
::Hm, I hadn't thought of that...that could work. It's probably already on there, in fact. I shall definitely consider editing that in, but I'll wait until I'm a bit more awake later XD Thanks for the input! —[[User:Keakealani|K]][[User:Keakealani/Esperanza|e]][[User:Keakealani|akealani]] 09:23, 11 November 2006 (UTC)
:::It seems to me that linking YFA from here might be a good idea -- thoughts? [[User:Luna Santin|Luna Santin]] 23:18, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

== Semiprotection? ==

As this page seems to be vandalised regularly now by disgruntled/clueless editors, would semiprotection make sense? Very new users who see this page are not likely to make constructive edits to it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 06:43, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
:I semi-protected it at 0014. [[User:J Di|JD]][[User talk:J Di|talk]] 09:33, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

== I created an article but it's gone ==

I created the article Paysage d'Hiver but it said there was no credible sources EVEN THOUGH AT THE END IT SAID EXACTLY WHERE I ATTAINED THE INFORMATION FROM! Why is it deleted? There was enough credible sources, so I can't speak enough to get the stuff from their homepage? So they stuff was there so I used it, I don't see how it was deemed to be unreliable or whatever the hell it was. Bloody took me ages to type all that up, this is ridiculous! {{unsigned|Lord of nothing}}
:Please follow the instructions on [[Wikipedia:Why was my page deleted?]] to find out why your page was deleted and what you can do about it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 07:40, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

== What does it mean if... ==

A page was deleted without an edit summary? --[[User:69.179.174.32|69.179.174.32]] 01:59, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
:You mean without a reason given in the deletion log? This should not happen; you can ask the deleting admin about it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 05:42, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

I submitted a crefully and conservatively written technical description of why desmodromic valve drive is not used and is no longer the holy grail of high speed engines other than the Ducati motorcycle. A desmodromic faithful has threatened to delete that article although it is the only one that addresses the technical subject with explanations of the technique.

I would feel that Wiki is not doing what it is supposed to do if that sort of threat hangs over thoughtfully written reports.

jobstbrandt

:Please follow the instructions on [[Wikipedia:Why was my page deleted?]] to find out why your page was deleted and what you can do about it. If your article was [[WP:OR|original research]], then Wikipedia just isn't the place for it, sorry. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 06:19, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Protected titles]] ==

Does this new protection method need to be mentioned here? [[User:GRBerry|GRBerry]] 05:01, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
:Good idea. I've added something about it. [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] 06:28, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

== Suggestion for another: So, what now? strategy ==

Since [[{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}]] is about Wikipedia policy, I thought I would propose
an addition to the page here and get some feedback first. The section:
[[{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}#So, what now?]] fails to mention the possibility of
publishing Wikipedia's rejects on other wikis. Thus I propose adding this
subsection:

<blockquote style="background: #dedede; padding: 1em;">
=== If all else fails, try another wiki ===

As of [[2007]], [[Wikipedia]] is one of the
[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_wikis world's largest and most-visited wikis].
Wikipedia articles tend to rank high in the search results for many popular
[[search engine]]s. Prior to Wikipedia, wiki technology was not very well-known;
as a result, Wikipedia may be the first wiki many people see, and the first wiki they
attempt to edit on. Some people may be under the mistaken impression that Wikipedia
is the ''only'' wiki, or is ''synonymous'' with "wiki." In many cases, this
is unfortunate, because Wikipedia is actually a very specialized kind of wiki
(an ''[[WP:ENC|encyclopedia]]''), and newcomers may need some time to understand
what constitutes encyclopedic writing. There is plenty of content that
Wikipedia does not want, but is nonetheless [[WP:USEFUL|useful]] to someone.

[[List of wikis|There are many other wikis]], many with content policies
very different from Wikipedia's, catering to a wide range of interests.
For almost every sort of article that would be interesting to someone, there
is probably a wiki somewhere that would welcome it.

To find a happy home for your deleted article, check the [[List of wikis]],
and [http://wikiindex.org/index.php?title=Welcome search WikiIndex]. If you
cannot find a suitable wiki on your own, ask for some "wiki outplacement"
assistance on the [[Help desk]].
</blockquote>
Comments? --[[User:Teratornis|Teratornis]] 19:57, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

yeah...thanks for everything. i still don't know why it was deleted

== No deletion logs exist ==

[[:Image:JDwBz.jpg]] was deleted (due to my former lack of wikipedia knowledge) however there is no deletion log. Could the deleting admin please contact me via my userpage? Thanks [[User:Lord fabs|Lord fabs]] 12:13, 16 March 2007 (UTC)